Land Cruiser 2018 Specs, Diesel, Price, Release, Interior - The new Toyota land Cruiser 2018 model will highlight a more, such as pleasing inside, abundance of mechanical components, solid execution with a collection of engines and a superior than normal cost. Hop its first introduction, the Toyota Land Cruiser 2018 has been one of the sentinels with respect to substantial harsh landscape limit, regardless, meanwhile, keeping up the indulgence segments, too. We believe the Toyota continues with the example and that the Toyota Land Cruiser will be superior to anything anybody may have expected some time as of late.
The Toyota Land Cruiser 2018 will go with various fervor and prosperity parts, for instance 10 way control driver arrange, 8 way control voyager arrange, bowl front seats, stature adaptable driver seat and explorer arrange, cowhide upholstery, multi-level warming driver and explorer arrange, ventilated voyager arrange, foldable read seats with limit center armrest, raise ventilation funnels with fan control, 4 one-touch control windows, sans hands segment, warmed mirrors, flexible voyage control, front and back passage takes, front and back ceasing sensors, front, side and back view camera, control controlling, tilt and movable coordinating wheel, et cetera. In light of present circumstances, the new Land Cruiser looks in an indistinguishable class from common. Almost no of the arrangement discernment has changed over the past model, except for some minor unpretentious components, be that as it may it will be as of sufficiently late.
Doubtlessly the Toyota kept the present engine, that will be executed in the front line Toyota Land Cruiser, as well. We're happy to see that there will be no shrinkage to the extent control remembering the true objective to "go greener" in an indistinguishable path from different producers do now days, in any case we do feel like some change similarly as power addition wouldn't hurt not either. Still, there is still a great deal of time, until the model is definitively revealed to general society, se we might just get what we ask.
To do a fast refresh, the engine being alluded to is a 5.7 -liter turbocharged V8, prepared for passing on 381 quality, at 5600 rpm, with a most outrageous torque yield of 401 pounds feet of torque, at 3600 rpm. The engine will highlight variable valve timing advancement remembering the true objective to cut fuel usage however much as could be normal. The drive setup will be a four-wheel drive and the engine will be mated to a 8-speed shiftable customized transmission structure.
The engine Toyota land Cruiser 2018 will have petrol based, with no diesel elective by any means. To the degree the effectiveness is concerned, the Toyota Land Cruiser is not auto out there and never was. With its EPA effectiveness evaluations of 13 miles for each gallon in the city and 18 miles for each gallon on the road, it is a standout amongst the most exceedingly terrible performing vehicles to the extent fuel use out there, notwithstanding the near 400 torque engine. To the degree the mileage is concerned, the new Land Cruiser can travel 320 miles for each and every fuel tank in the city and 443 miles for each fuel tank on the roadway. The fuel tank breaking point is 24.6 gallons.
Nothing has come particularly from the experts as for both expenses and expert release date, yet a couple of masters express that we may plan to see Toyota Land Cruiser in the market in finish 2017. To the degree the expenses are concerned, the new model will start at base esteem reason for around $ 85 000, hurrying to over $ 100 000, dependent upon the segments and trim levels. Given its execution and long history of being a shocking unpleasant landscape vehicle, we genuinely envision seeing one soon.


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January 2018 homepage image 2
Daphnia pulex is a common freshwater microcrustacean and a model organism for the study of predator-induced phenotypic plasticity. Substantial genetic variation in its defensive response to predators includes changes in morphology, size and age at maturity and reproduction. Image by Martin Lind.
Patrick Goymer
Chief Editor, Nature Ecology & Evolution
Reger, J., et al. Predation drives local adaptation of phenotypic plasticity. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 100-107 (2017).
Patrick joined Nature Publishing Group in 2005 as an Assistant Editor at Nature Reviews Genetics and Nature Reviews Cancer. In 2008 he moved to Nature, where he served as Senior Editor covering ecology and evolution, before becoming Chief Editor of Nature Ecology & Evolution in 2016. He has handled primary manuscripts and review articles across the entire breadth of ecology and evolution, as well as advising and writing for other sections of Nature. Patrick has a degree in genetics from the University of Cambridge, did his DPhil in experimental evolution at the University of Oxford, and did postdoctoral work on evolutionary and ecological genetics at University College London in association with Imperial College London at Silwood Park.
September 2020 cover
Editor Nature Eco Evo
August 2020 cover
Homo erectus versus modern humans frontal breathing mechanics.
Contributor Nature Eco Evo
Behind the paper, Gallery
Markus Bastir
July 2020 cover

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mo the Hippo is the latest Special Limited Edition buddy to join our cute family.
Sporting a super cool Mohawke and a funky star design he is bound to put a smile on every little face.
Undeniably cute every little person is sure to fall head of heals in love and have many an exciting adventures bouncing round.
Designed for the 18mth - 8year age group it is the perfect pet for your little one that will bring years of fun and laughter.
Measuring a robust 54cm Length x 45cm Height and with a seat height of 23cm off the ground it is perfect for independent play for 1- 8 year olds and can be used with under 1's with a little support from Mum & Dad.
The quality and safety provided by the Bop Along Buddies range is unmatched by any other company worldwide. With the health & well being of children at the heart of our business we have placed a focus on these aspects of our brand.
Mo comes with everything you need (instructions & pump) to get bouncing within minutes of coming out of the box.
So why not invite Mo into you little ones life, for years of fun, laughter and Bopping Along.


High schoolers are increasingly aware that those embarrassing Facebook posts or tweets could cost them a shot at getting into their dream college.
The test prep company Kaplan found that only 16 percent of the 403 colleges surveyed found anything troubling in the social media posts they viewed -- a drop from 50 percent a year ago. That decline comes as the survey found more colleges are factoring social media into the application process: 35 percent in the latest survey compared to only 9 percent six years ago.
Wes Waggoner, the dean of admissions at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, acknowledged he has seen cases where social media posts resulted in a rejection letter. But he said students now have a greater appreciation of the damage that a wild party shot can do.
"Students are aware that what they say on social media has an impact on something that's important to them," Waggoner told Adriana Diaz of CBS News.
"As social media has evolved from early versions of MySpace and Facebook to a broad ecosystem of platforms and apps that are a daily part of millions of people's lives worldwide, we're seeing greater acceptance of social media use in the college admissions process," Christine Brown, executive director of K12 and college prep programs for Kaplan Test Prep, said in a statement. "This means admissions officers are increasingly open to what they once viewed as a dubious practice, while teens have come to terms with the fact that their digital trails are for the most part easily searchable, followable and sometimes judged."
In a separate survey of 500 high school students, Kaplan found that 58 percent of students describe their social networking pages as "fair game" for admissions officers. And rather than fearing what a college might see, 35 percent said they felt it could actually help their chances of admission -- with 18 percent seeing social media as a savvy way to promote themselves.
Still, Kaplan said social media still plays only a "peripheral role" in the process and that grades and test scores are the main factors being considered by colleges.
"The majority of admissions officers are not looking at Facebook for applicant information, and even those who are typically do so as an anomaly -- because they were flagged, either positively or negatively, to particular applicants," Brown said. "Admissions chances are still overwhelmingly decided by the traditional factors of high school GPA, standardized test scores, letters of recommendation, personal essays and extracurricular activities. Applicants' online personas are really a wild card in the admissions process."
Don't tell that to Neha Husein, a Hebron High School senior who has applied to 10 colleges including SMU. She acknowledged that she thinks twice before posting anything.
"One wrong tweet can go viral in seconds," Husein said. "You can never ever be too careful, especially when it comes to college and the rest of your life."


I am writing these words on a CT60!
At  last,  what we have been waiting for has come to pass,  the first Alive!
their brains, and go and look for a more congenial article to read instead?
the early days, and those of you still going for it, even now!
let you indulge in a voyage of discovery for yourself.
buy a souvenir "I didn't go to Breakpoint 2004!" t-shirt.
Right now, I'm sitting in the aftermath of the creation of my part of Alive!
has been left out of things though.
I'm  hoping  to see as many people as possible in the next issue  of  Alive!
about that, so as I've had my 3k's worth, I'll hand over to him now.
long break from this main editor "job".
Don't expect too much tho, I'll just try to keep going a bit further.
I consider as friends (you know who you are, read the  greetings for details).
without me, or maybe with me again but not before long.


Manzel Bowman (Queens, New York) is an artist who works in a variety of media. By applying abstraction, Bowman touches various overlapping themes and strategies. Several reoccurring subject matter can be recognised, such as the relation with popular culture and media, working with repetition, provocation and the investigation of the process of expectations.
His artworks doesn't reference recognisable form. The results are deconstructed to the extent that meaning is shifted and possible interpretation becomes multifaceted. By emphasising aesthetics, he creates intense personal moments masterfully created by means of rules and omissions, acceptance and refusal, luring the viewer round and round in circles.
His works often refers to pop and mass culture. Using written and drawn symbols, a world where light-heartedness rules and where rules are undermined is created. By using popular themes such as sexuality, family structure and violence, he seduces the viewer into a world of ongoing equilibrium and the interval that articulates the stream of daily events. Moments are depicted that only exist to punctuate the human drama in order to clarify our existence and to find poetic meaning in everyday life.
His works sometimes radiate a cold and latent violence. At times, disconcerting beauty emerges. The inherent visual seductiveness, along with the conciseness of the exhibitions, further complicates the reception of their manifold layers of meaning. Manzel Bowman currently lives and works in Amityville, NY.


Proudly serving all of North Texas in the HVAC and Electrical industry. With a full fleet of technicians we will meet all of your needs whether it be new construction, service work, or preventive maintenance contracts.
Content copyright . Jared Nash. All rights reserved.


Plaza Roble is located in Escazú, San José, Costa Rica, a corporate center known for its high standards and regional prestige. Plaza Roble is part of a unique, multipurpose complex, which includes the Real Intercontinental Hotel and Multiplaza shopping center. The corporate center is made up by six buildings with a total available office area of 34,000 m2.
Unique in its design, Plaza Roble was designed by the renowned architectural firm Legoretta + Legorreta. Efficient and functional spaces are enhanced by ample plazas, water mirrors, natural stone finishes and a collection of lively colors. All plaza buildings incorporate cutting-edge telecommunications, security and maintenance technologies.
Plaza Roble is home to highly recognized companies such as Microsoft, Cemex, Bac San Jose, Credomatic, Regus, Dole, LL Bean, Bolsa de Valores de Costa Rica and Cysco Systems among others.
Escazú Corporate Center is an eleven-story corporate office center divided into six office space floors and five parking space floors. This center houses a range of top-level companies including Regus, Akamai Technologies, Zoetis, Comex, Norfund and Hamburg Sud. The building is part of a multipurpose complex alongside the Real Intercontinental Hotel, Plaza Roble and the largest and most modern shopping center in Costa Rica, Multiplaza Escazú.
This ambitious project in Bogotá, Colombia aims to be one of the key and emblematic corporate centers in this South American country.
The center is located on south Avenida El Dorado in Ciudad Salitre, one of the highest-value and high growth potential areas in Santa Fe de Bogotá, situated close to new office buildings and hotels in the city. Bogotá Corporate Center´s design took into account and included all the amenities and technological advances today's modern world has to offer paired to an excellent location, ample parking and excellent security, thus providing a world-class option for local and international companies.
Bogotá Corporate Center is located next to the JW Marriott Hotel, offering business travelers five-star comforts and service a few steps away.
Roble Corporate Center is a new and elegant Corporate Office Center, meeting and exceeding all office design requirements with the best "Value for Money" for local and multinational companies to have. Roble Corporate Center is located in Piantini, the heart of Santo Domingo´s downtown. Piantini has developed into a high value metropolitan area where the most exclusive condominiums, commercial businesses, clubs, hospitals and recognized educational institutions can be found.
Roble Corporate Center is built on 2,000m² of land, when built the project will have a total area of 30,975m², which contemplates thirteen office floors and six basement floors for parking. Roble Corporate Center will be interconnected with the Intercontinental Hotel, thus producing a synergistic effect between both projects, providing tenants, visitors and hotel guests with an added value.
Roble Corporate Center offers all the essentials needed for the modern requirements and standards by incorporating factors such as a strategic and prime location, excellent access, modern security and prevention systems, state of the art telecommunications technology, 100% underground parking, efficient and elegant common areas and a well-designed architectural footprint that surpasses present day corporate standards.


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Ballon d'Or Finalists Revealed
by Brian Hall on December 10, 2010
Lionel Messi, Xavi Hernandez Creus and Andres Iniesta were the three players shortlisted for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award that goes to the best footballer in the world for 2010. The award is a joint effort from both the FIFA World Cup and the Champions League and domestic league competition from 2010. All three men selected for the final award ceremony play for the same Barcelona squad and two of the three played on the winning Spanish La Furia Roja team from this summer's World Cup.
Of the three finalists the biggest name Lionel Messi is the least likely to win this year. Although Messi eclipsed 40 goals in all league competitions last season for Barca, his summer with Argentina was cut short by an embarrassing route at the hands of Germany in the quarterfinals. Messi, the winner of the award last season, will likely be outstaged by his two unselfish league teammates of Xavi and Iniesta. Xavi is considered the best midfielder in the world by many critics and is one of the best passing footballers around today. Iniesta is similar to Xavi in many regards including unselfish play, but is now most well known for his World Cup winning goal in extra time to take home the title 1-0 over the Dutch.
One name that is missing from the list and shouldn't be is the Inter/Dutch sensational attacking midfielder Wesley Sneijder. Sneijder had way too great of a first year with Inter not to get the bid and he also was critical in that nearly historic World Cup run by the Netherlands. No player should fall this far down the list just because their squad lost one single game especially considering their effort in a historic treble winning season. Sneijder was certainly one of the three best of 2010 and deserved the attention by receiving a bid to join Xavi and Iniesta.
Sneijder's boss Massimo Moratti, president of Inter, said on the club's official website:
I find it very unfair. Sneijder had a phenomenal year, won everything he could have won. For me he deserved the Ballon d'Or. It seems unfair the award is to be given to someone who, although a great player, didn't have the same level of performance throughout the year.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_UicgYwyB2Bw/SPyeMyRlQuI/AAAAAAAABdI/maUDq8oWCU0/s400/Ballon+d%27or_edited.jpg


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Haughtynd History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The vast movement of people that followed the Norman Conquest of England of 1066 brought the Haughtynd family name to the British Isles. They lived in Haughton, Cheshire. The name of this place derives from the Old English word halh, which means nook or recess, and tun, which means village or settlement. There are numerous places son named in England and an individual case of the name may derive from any of those locations.
Early Origins of the Haughtynd family
The surname Haughtynd was first found in Cheshire at Haughton (or Haughton Moss), a village and civil parish. This village is by far the largest of the listings of the place name in England. Looking back further, there are at least three listings of the place name Haughton in the Domesday Book in its earliest forms: Hoctum in Nottinghamshire; Haustone in Shropshire; and Halstone or Haltone in Staffordshire. [1] Today Haughton Castle is a privately owned country mansion near the village of Humshaugh, Northumberland and dates back to the 13th century when it was a tower house. It was enlarged and fortified in the 14th century. By the 16th century, the castle had fallen into ruin but by the early 19th century the ruins were converted into the mansion it is today. Houghton Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England built for British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole. Another early branch of the family was found at Hooton, again in Cheshire. "This place, in the Domesday Book, is included in the possessions of Richard de Vernon, the Norman Baron of Shipbrook, under whom it was held by a family named Hotone, which became extinct in the male line in the reign of Richard I. It then passed by marriage to Randle Walensis or Welshman, after which alliance, his family occasionally assumed the name of Hotone." [2]
Important Dates for the Haughtynd family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Haughtynd research. Another 172 words (12 lines of text) covering the years 1114, 1130, 1605, 1691, 1720 and 1720 are included under the topic Early Haughtynd History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Haughtynd Spelling Variations
Anglo-Norman names are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. When the Normans became the ruling people of England in the 11th century, they introduced a new language into a society where the main languages of Old and later Middle English had no definite spelling rules. These languages were more often spoken than written, so they blended freely with one another. Contributing to this mixing of tongues was the fact that medieval scribes spelled words according to sound, ensuring that a person's name would appear differently in nearly every document in which it was recorded. The name has been spelled Haughton, Houghton, Hoctor, Hector and others.
Early Notables of the Haughtynd family (pre 1700)
Another 33 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Haughtynd Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Haughtynd family to Ireland
Some of the Haughtynd family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Another 105 words (8 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Haughtynd family
For many English families, the political and religious disarray that plagued their homeland made the frontiers of the New World an attractive prospect. Thousands migrated, aboard cramped disease-ridden ships. They arrived sick, poor, and hungry, but were welcomed in many cases with far greater opportunity than at home in England. Many of these hardy settlers went on to make important contributions to the emerging nations in which they landed. Among early immigrants bearing the name Haughtynd or a variant listed above were: Gerard Haughton settled in Barbados in 1639; Thomas Haughton settled in Virginia in 1635; as well as Robert Haughton in the same year.
^ Williams, Dr Ann. And G.H. Martin, Eds., Domesday Book A Complete Translation. London: Penguin, 1992. Print. (ISBN 0-141-00523-8)
Haughtynd (English)


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Visual Studio 2015 addins so I don't have to install ReSharper

This is just a stub so far.  Check out the [issue list](https://github.com/jquintus/MasterStudio/issues) for the coming features.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Репюблик () — один из крупнейших пересадочных узлов Парижского метрополитена, включающий в себя залы пяти линий: 3, 5, 8, 9, 11. Своё название получил по площади Республики, под которой располагается. В 1935—1998 годах являлся крупнейшим пересадочным узлом в Парижском метро по числу пересекающихся линий метрополитена (не считая RER); после открытия первого участка линии 14 столько же линий пересекаются на станции . Примечательно, что между обоими пересадочными узлами можно доехать на метро без пересадок.

История
 Первым открылся зал линии 3, это произошло 19 октября 1904 года в составе первого пускового участка Пер-Лашез —Вилье. 15 ноября 1907 года открылся зал линии 5 (участок Жак Бонсержан — Гар-дю-Нор. 5 ноября 1931 года к ним добавились платформы линии 8 (участок Ришельё — Друо — Порт-де-Шарантон), под которым 10 декабря 1933 года разместился зал линии 9 (участок Ришельё — Друо — Порт-де-Монтрёй). Последним в составе пересадочного узла открылся зал линии 11, это произошло 28 апреля 1935 года в составе первого участка линии Шатле — Порт-де-Лила.
 Пассажиропоток пересадочного узла по входу в 2011 году, по данным RATP, составил  человек. В 2013 году он снизился до  пассажиров (6 место по уровню входного пассажиропотока в Парижском метро).

Путевое развитие
 На перегоне Репюблик — Пармантье линии 3 располагаются пошёрстный съезд и начало служебной соединительной ветви, при помощи которой можно повернуть со станции Пармантье в сторону станции "Жак Бонсержан" на линии 5.
 К северо-западу от зала линии 5 располагается примыкание служебной соединительной ветви на линию 8, противоположный конец которой находится возле закрытой станции "Сен-Мартен". К юго-востоку от этого же зала располагается пошёрстный съезд.
 С западной стороны от залов линий 8 и 9 располагаются съезды, по которым поезда могут перейти с линии 9 на линию 8 при движении к станции Страсбур — Сен-Дени и в обратном направлении при движении в сторону Оберкампфа.

Галерея

Примечания

Источники
 Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Станции Парижского метрополитена
Станции метрополитена III округа Парижа
Станции метрополитена, построенные в 1904 году
Линия 11 Парижского метрополитена

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The DN Canadian Ice Boating Championships were held at Kingston Yacht Club in Kingston ON this past weekend. A total of 7 races were held in decent winter conditions.
Saturday proved to be the preferable racing day as the temperature had dropped to -5 C overnight solidifying all the remaining puddles on the ice left over from a rain on Wednesday. It proved to be superb ice conditions and the wind was ideal with 8-10kts of breeze.
The wind on Saturday was 8-10 kts but the ice was a little soft so it was time to power up. The best combination for the day seems to be an FO1 (fuller sail) with inserts on the side and a Persian slipper in the front. The two US boats, fresh back from the DN Worlds in Estonia, seemed to have arrived with their top end gear looking very polished in the transitions at the start and when the wind died.
Sunday's racing was more challenging. Although the ice had hardened up very well, the north east wind was quite light and shifty. It eventually shifted to the North West and then later to the South West after racing finished for the day.
Sunday saw the two US boats extend their lead but Canadian, Peter VanRossem, also placed 2nd in race 6, beating Oliver Moore by almost a full lap. Peter demonstrated his strategic prowess in Kingston Harbour by always choosing the right giving the US boats a run for their money in every race. With his new boat almost complete, he will be a force to be reckoned with next year!
Complete results not yet available.
A big thank you was extended to all the volunteers who helped run the regatta and especially the Queen's University Sailing Team who provided 6 people to help run the event.
With the World Championships set for the Central Region of North America next January, there is a good chance Kingston will host the event if they have the best ice in the region. There is no question Kingston Yacht Club has the capacity to hold such an event. Kingston sailor and Olympian, John Curtis remarked "I'm not sure if I like the summer sailing in Kingston or winter sailing better."


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Bagh Miran (, also Romanized as Bāgh Mīrān and Bāgh-e Mīrān) is a village in Murcheh Khvort Rural District, in the Central District of Shahin Shahr and Meymeh County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Shahin Shahr and Meymeh County


MCH Strategic Data's knowledgeable Sales Managers have extensive experience in marketing to schools and educators, as MCH has amassed an extensive School Universe Database which contains data for hundreds of thousands of schools, school districts, and teachers. Marketers can often feel overwhelmed when marketing to schools and teachers, as the entire industry is enormous and encompasses everything from small private schools to massive metropolitan districts. Those in need of assistance in marketing to schools and teachers can turn to MCH Strategic Data's experienced team for useful tips for marketing to schools and teachers.
MCH Strategic Data offers a wide range of tools to help clients in marketing to schools and teachers all over the country. Additionally, the MCH Strategic Data team understands the nuances associated with marketing to industries like education, and will help create and implement campaigns with the best advantage for success.
Click here to get a free quote from MCH Strategic Data for useful tips for marketing to schools and teachers.


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Home→Soul→Jerry Butler
← Jeanne And The Darlings
JJ Barnes →
Jerry Butler - For Your Precious Love
Yes, an original member of the Impressions Jerry Butler wrote their first hit, For Your Precious Love. He left for a solo career with HE WILL BREAK YOUR HEART (1960) and Giving Up On Love. Later, towards the end of the 1960's, he had hits with NEVER GIVE UP ON YOU and of course ONLY THE STRONG SURVIVE. He wrote a book and appeared in the Film 'Only The Strong Survive' (Now on DVD USA – see review below). One Night Affair with Brenda Lee on backing vocals. All these great tracks were often played at The Blue Note Manchester, as well as the Twisted Wheel but as by the late 60's the scene was speeding up with dance lists only, especially at the AllNighter sessions.
It fell to the DJ's at The Blue Note to carry the flag in covering all styles, fast and slow in great American Soul Music. Jerry Butler was a firm favourite. Kev Roberts puts "Moody Woman" in at 369 on his Top 500. Strange that as Northern is supposed to favour the up tempo dance tracks mostly. These days he is in politics as Cook County Commissioner but he is still a great ambassador for Soul Music and a politician so they can't all be bad! cene
Wikipedia: Jerry Butler
Only The Strong Survive – Review


text:
Sales training manual
Health life and living book one
Living the savvy life book videos,secret in their eyes kodi,my daughters secret yahoo answers - PDF Review
Author: admin | at 07.12.2015 | Categories: Go Live Your Dream
Savvy Sassy Moms was at the red carpet premiere of The Book of Life, a new animated movie starring the voices of Zoe Saldana, Diego Luna, Ice Cube, Rob Pearlman and more.
DESCRIPTION: This is the largest map of its kind to have survived in tact and in good condition from such an early period of cartography. These place names are in Lincolnshire (Holdingham and Sleaford are the modern forms), and this Richard has been identified as one Richard de Bello, prebend of Lafford in Lincoln Cathedral about the year 1283, who later became an official of the Bishop of Hereford, and in 1305 was appointed prebend of Norton in Hereford Cathedral.
While the map was compiled in England, names and descriptions were written in Latin, with the Norman dialect of old French used for special entries. Here, my dear Son, my bosom is whence you took flesh Here are my breasts from which you sought a Virgina€™s milk. The other three figures consist of a woman placing a crown on the Virgin Mary and two angels on their knees in supplication. Still within this decorative border, in the left-hand bottom corner, the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus is enthroned and crowned with a papal triple tiara and delivers a mandate with his seal attached, to three named commissioners.
In the right-hand bottom corner an unidentified rider parades with a following forester holding a pair of greyhounds on a leash. The geographical form and content of the Hereford map is derived from the writings of Pliny, Solinus, Augustine, Strabo, Jerome, the Antonine Itinerary, St. As is traditional with the T-O design, there is the tripartite division of the known world into three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa.
EUROPE: When we turn to this area of the Hereford map we would expect to find some evidence of more contemporary 13th century knowledge and geographic accuracy than was seen in Africa or Asia, and, to some limited extent, this theory is true. France, with the bordering regions of Holland and Belgium is called Gallia, and includes all of the land between the Rhine and the Pyrenees. Norway and Sweden are shown as a peninsula, divided by an arm of the sea, though their size and position are misrepresented. On the other side of Europe, Iceland, the Faeroes, and Ultima Tile are shown grouped together north of Norway, perhaps because the restricting circular limits of the map did not permit them to be shown at a more correct distance. The British Isles are drawn on a larger scale than the neighboring parts of the continent, and this representation is of special interest on account of its early date. On the Hereford map, the areas retain their Latin names, Britannia insula and Hibernia, Scotia, Wallia, and Cornubia, and are neatly divided, usually by rivers, into compartments, North and South Ireland, Wales, Cornwall, England, and Scotland. THE MEDITERRANEAN: The Mediterranean, conveniently separating the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, teems with islands associated with legends of Greece and Rome. Mythical fire-breathing creature with wings, scales and claws; malevolent in west, benevolent in east.
4.A A For bibliographical information on these and other (including lost) cartographical exemplars, see Westrem, The Hereford Map, p. 10.A A For bibliographical information for editions and translations of the source texts, see Westrem, The Hereford Map, p. 11.A A More detailed analysis of these data can be found in my a€?Lessons from Legends on the Hereford Mappa Mundi,a€? Hereford Mappa Mundi Conference proceedings volume being edited by Barber and Harvey (see n. 16.A A Danubius oritur ab orientali parte Reni fluminis sub quadam ecclesia, et progressus ad orientem, .
23.A A The a€?standarda€? Latin forms of these place-names and the modern English equivalents are those recorded in the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, ed.
From the time when it was first mentioned as being in Hereford Cathedral in 1682, until a relatively short time ago, the Hereford Mappamundi was almost entirely the preserve of antiquaries, clergymen with an interest in the middle ages and some historians of cartography.
Details from the Hereford map of the Blemyae and the Psilli.a€? Typical of the strange creatures or 'Wonders of the East' derived by Richard of Haldingham from classical sources and placed in Ethiopia. Equally important work was also being done on medieval and Renaissance world maps as a genre, particularly by medievalists such as Anna-Dorothee von den Brincken and Jorg-Geerd Arentzen in Germany and by Juergen Schulz, primarily an art historian, and David Woodward, a leading historian of cartography, in the United States. The Hereford World Map is the only complete surviving English example of a type of map which was primarily a visualization of all branches of knowledge in a Christian framework and only secondly a geographical object. After the fall of the Roman empire in the 5th century, monks and scholars struggled desperately to preserve from destruction by pagan barbarians the flotsam and jetsam of classical history and learning; to consolidate them and to reconcile them with Christian teaching and biblical history.
There would have been several models to choose from, corresponding to the widely differing cartographic traditions inside the Roman Empire, but it seems that the commonest image descended from a large map of the known world that was created for a portico lining the Via Flaminia near the Capitol in Rome during Christ's lifetime. Recent writers such as Arentzen have suggested that, simply because of their sheer availability, from an early date different versions of this map may have been used to illustrate texts by scholars such as St.
Eventually some of the information from the texts became incorporated into the maps themselves, though only sparingly at first. A broad similarity in coastlines with the Hereford map is clear in the Anglo-Saxon [Cottonian] World Map, c.1000 (#210), but there are no illustrations of animals other than the lion (top left).
The resulting maps ranged widely in shape and appearance, some being circular, others square.
A few maps of the inhabited world were much more detailed, though keeping to the same broad structure and symbolism. Most of these earlier maps were book illustrations, none were particularly big and the maps were always considered to need textual amplification. From about 1100, however, we know from contemporary descriptions in chronicles and from the few surviving inventories that larger world maps were produced on parchment, cloth and as wall paintings for the adornment of audience chambers in palaces and castles as well as, probably, of altars in the side chapels of religious buildings.
A separate written text of an encyclopedic nature, probably written by the map's intellectual creator, however, was still intended to accompany many if not all these large maps and one may originally have accompanied the Hereford world map. These maps seem largely to have been inspired by English scholars working at home or in Europe.
The most striking novelty, however, was the vastly increased number of depictions of peoples, animals, and plants of the world copied from illustrations in contemporary handbooks on wildlife, commonly called bestiaries and herbals. Mentions in contemporary records and chronicles, such as those of Matthew Paris, make it plain that these large world maps were once relatively common. At about the same time that this map was being created, Henry III, perhaps after consultation with Gervase, who had visited him in 1229, commissioned wall maps to hang in the audience chambers of his palaces in Winchester and Westminster. The Hereford Mappamundi is the only full size survivor of these magnificent, encyclopedic English-inspired maps. An inscription in Norman-French at the bottom left attributes the map to Richard of Haldingham and Sleaford. The stars were out in full force, as were mariachi bands, churro carts, taco trucks and a larger than life cake courtesy of Charm City Cakes master mind Duff Goldman. Before becoming a mom, and writing for various parenting sites so she could be home full time with her son, she was a publicist representing environmentally progressive architects and contractors - one of whom just finished building a home completely out of parts from a Boeing 747.
We're your online destination for all things fashionable and fun for moms, babies and kids. The circle of the world is set in a somewhat rectangular frame background with a pointed top, and an ornamented border of a zig-zag pattern often found in psalter-maps of the period (#223). Show pity, as you said you would, on all Who their devotion paid to me for you made me Savioress.
Olympus and such cities as Athens and Corinth; the Delphic oracle, misnamed Delos, is represented by a hideous head.
James (Roxburghe Club) 1929, with representations from manuscripts in the British Library and the Bodleian Library, and a€?Marvels of the Easta€?, by R.
The upper-left corner of the Hereford Map, showing north and east Asia (compare to the contents on Chart 3).
1), however, call attention to a remarkable degree of accuracy in the relationship of toponymsa€"for cities, rivers, and mountainsa€"both in EMM and in Hereford Map legends.A On the Asia Minor littoral, for example, one passage in EMM links 39 place-names in a running series, 23 of which are found in Chart 4 (and visible, in almost exactly parallel order, on Fig. 5, above).A Treating islands separately from the eartha€™s three a€?partsa€? follows the organizational style adopted by Isidore of Seville, Honorius Augustodunensis, and other medieval geographical authorities.
Note Lincoln on its hill and Snowdon ('Snawdon'), Caernarvon and Conway in Wales, referring to the castles Edward I was building there when the map was being created. In England, a detailed study of its less obvious features, such as the sequences of its place names and some of its coastal outlines by G. The Psilli reputedly tested the virtue of their wives by exposing their children to serpents. The cumulative effect has been to enable us at last to evaluate the map in terms of its actual (largely non-geographical and not exclusively religious) purpose, the age in which it was created and in the context of the general development of European cartography.
The Old and New Testaments contained few doctrinal implications for geography, other than a bias in favor of an inhabited world consisting of three interlinked continents containing descendants of Noah's three sons. This now-lost map was referred to in some detail by a number of classical writers and it seems to have been created under the direction of Emperor Augustus's son-in-law, Vipsanius Agrippa (63-12 BC) for official purposes.
As the centuries went by, more and more was included with references to places associated with events in classical history and legend (particularly fictionalized tales about Alexander the Great) and from biblical history with brief notes on and the very occasional illustration of natural history. Note also the Roman provincial boundaries, the relative accuracy of the British coastlines (lower left) and the attention paid to the Balkans and Denmark, with which Saxon England had close contacts.
Some, often oriented to the north, attempted to show the whole world in zones, with the inhabited earth occupying the zone between the equator and the frozen north. They were never intended to convey purely geographical information or to stand alone without explanatory text.
Often a 'context' for them would have been provided by the other secular as well as religious surrounding decorations. For many maps continued to be used primarily for educational, including theological, purposes. They reached their fullest development in the thirteenth century when Englishmen like Roger Bacon, John of Holywood (Sacrobosco), Robert Grosseteste and Matthew Paris were playing an inordinately large part in creative geographical thinking in Europe. In most, if not all of these maps, the strange peoples or 'Marvels of the East' are shown occupying Ethiopia on the right (southern) edge, as on the Hereford map. Exposure to light, fire, water, and religious bigotry or indifference over the centuries has, however, led to the destruction of most of them. Both are now lost but it seems quite likely that the so-called 'Psalter Map', produced in London in the early 1260s and now owned by the British Library, is a much reduced copy of the map that hung in Westminster Palace. Despite some broad similarities in arrangement and content, however, there are very considerable differences from the Ebstorf and the 'Westminster Palace' maps in details - like the precise location of wildlife, the portrayal of some coastlines and islands, or in the recent information incorporated. Images,snapshots,and pics often capture a sentiment,a mood,a feeling,or even an idea of a person who's at the center of attention. Bottom line, if you're going to take your kids to see any movie during the Halloween season, this should be it. In Phrygia there is born an animal called bonnacon; it has a bulla€™s head, horsea€™s mane and curling horns, when chased it discharges dung over an extent of three acres which burns whatever it touches.
India also has the largest elephants, whose teeth are supposed to be of ivory; the Indians use them in war with turrets (howdahs) set on them. The linx sees through walls and produces a black stonea€" a valuable carbuncle in its secret parts. A tiger when it sees its cub has been stolen chases the thief at full speed; the thief in full flight on a fast horse drops a mirror in the track of the tiger and so escapes unharmed. Agriophani Ethiopes eat only the flesh of panthers and lions they have a king with only one eye in his forehead. Men with doga€™s heads in Norway; perhaps heads protected with furs made them resemble dogs. Essendones live in Scythia it is their custom to carry out the funeral of their parents with singing and collecting a company of friends to devour the actual corpses with their teeth and make a banquet mingled with the flesh of animals counting it more glorious to be consumed by them than by worms. Solinus: they occupy the source of the Ganges and live only on the scent of apples of the forest if they should perceive any smell they die instantly. Himantopodes; they creep with crawling legs rather than walk they try to proceed by sliding rather than by taking steps.
The Monocoli in India are one-legged and swift when they want to be protected from the heat of the sun they are shaded by the size of their foot. Flint, a€?The Hereford Map:A Its Author(s), Two Scenes and a Border,a€? Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th ser. Nevertheless, it placed a somewhat misleading emphasis on the map's geographical 'inaccuracies', its depiction of fabulous creatures and supposedly religious purpose, all clothed in what for the layman must have seemed an air of wildly esoteric learning and near-impenetrable medieval mystery. Recent research suggests this is a reference to African traders in medicinal drugs who visited ancient Rome. Today, with the map in the headlines of the popular press, it may be time to give a brief resume of what is currently known about it and to attempt to explain some of its more important features in the light of recent research. In the eyes of some (but by no means all) theologians, a fourth inhabited continent, the Antipodes, would implicitly have denied the descent of mankind from Noah, and the depiction of such a continent was deemed to be heretical by them.
It was based on survey and on military itineraries and reflected the political and administrative realities of the time. Where space allowed, reference was also made to important contemporary towns, regions, and geographical features such as freshly-opened mountain passes. Most of the maps, however, like the Hereford Mappamundi, depicted only that part of the world that was known in classical times to be inhabited and they were oriented with east at the top. Traces of the maps' classical origins could regularly be seen in, for instance, the continued depiction of the provincial boundaries of the Roman Empire (which are partly visible on the Hereford map) and for many centuries by the island of Delos which had been sacred to the early Greeks being the centre of the inhabited world. They and the texts that they adorned continued to be copied by hand until late in the 15th century and are to be found in early printed books. God dominates the world and the 'Marvels of the East' occupy the lower right edge of the map, as they do on the Hereford map. Together they would have provided a propaganda backdrop for the public appearances of the ruler, ruling body, noble or cleric who had commissioned them, and some may have been able to stand alone as visual histories. The Hereford map, as an inscription at the lower left corner tells us, was certainly intended for use as a visual encyclopedia, to be 'heard, read and seen' by onlookers.
Because of the maps' size, they were able to include far more information and illustration than their predecessors. More space was also found for current political references and information derived from contemporary military, religious and commercial itineraries. Today, the earliest survivor, dating from the beginning of the thirteenth century, is a badly damaged example now in Vercelli Cathedral, probably having been brought to Italy in about 1219 by a papal legate returning from England. We know from Matthew Paris that the Westminster map was copied by others, and it is likely to have had a lasting influence even though the original was destroyed in 1265.
A Latin legend in the bottom right corner of the Hereford map refers to the 5th century Christian propagandist Orosius as the main source for the map, but as we have already seen, it incorporates information from numerous ancient and thirteenth century sources and adds its own interpretations of them. The map is an outstanding example of a map type that had evolved over the preceding eight centuries. Throughout the years,pictures has become one of the most popular ways to capture memorable moments.
From its literal meaning in Greek it also signifies the plant ox-tongue, so called from its shape and roughness of its leaves. Conventionally holds a mirror in one hand, combing lovely hair with the other According to myth created by Ea, Babylonian water god. The large city at the top edge is Babylon (its description is the map's longest legend [A§181).
12-30.A The conservator Christopher Clarkson drew my attention to the gouge in the Mapa€™s former frame. Talbert (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), which I employ throughout my book, but with the caution that in dealing with the manuscript culture of medieval Europe, it is misleading and anachronistic to speak of a€?standarda€? or a€?correcta€? spellings, especially of geographical words. Casual visitors to the dark aisle where it hung could see only a dark, dirty image which they were encouraged to view in a pious, but also rather condescending manner. Crone of the Royal Geographical Society, revealed that despite the antiquity of many of the map's sources much was almost contemporary with the map's creation and was secular. Much of the text that follows is an amplification of information panels and leaflets prepared for the British Library's current display of the map. Most medieval mapmakers seem to have accepted this constraint, but world maps showing four continents are not uncommon: notably the world maps created by Beatus of Liebana (#207) in the late 8th century to illustrate his Commentary on the Apocalypse of St.
It may have incorporated information from an earlier survey commissioned by Julius Caesar and, to judge from some early references, it may originally have shown four continents. These texts owed much to classical writers, particularly Pliny the Elder (23-79), who himself derived much of his information from still earlier writers such as the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus. As befitted the encyclopedic texts that they illustrated, the maps became visual encyclopedias of human and divine knowledge and not mere geographical maps. Many were purely schematic and symbolic, showing a T, representing the Mediterranean, the Don and the Nile, surrounded by an 0, for the great ocean encircling the world, sometimes with a fourth continent being added. It was only from about 1120 that Jerusalem took Oclos' place as the focal point of the map, as it does on the Hereford Mappamundi.
They retained and expanded the geographical and historical elements of the older maps - coastlines, layout and place names on the maps frequently reveal their ancestry - but to them they added several novel features. Inscriptions of varying lengths amplified the pictures and sometimes contained references to their sources. Much better preserved, until its destruction in 1943, was the famous Ebstorf world map of about 1235. It is difficult to account otherwise for the striking similarities in detailed arrangement and content between the Psalter world map, the recently discovered 'Duchy of Cornwall' fragment (probably commissioned in about 1285 by a cousin of Edward I for his foundation, Ashridge College in Hertfordshire) and the Aslake world map fragments of about 1360. In many of its details it particularly resembles the Anglo-Saxon World Map of about 1000 and the twelfth century Henry of Mainz world map in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. And certainly,for a tantamount of consumer and shoppers you cant put a price tag on family and holiday pics. Crone points out that this reference has special significance because Augustus had also entrusted his son-in-law, M.
Sometimes identified with Sirens, the mythical enchantresses along coasts of the Mediterranean, who lured sailors to destruction by their singing. Amazon means a€?without a breast,a€? according to tradition these women removed the right breast to use the bow. At the right edge, a looping line shows the route of the wandering Israelites in their Exodus from Egypt; it crosses the Jordan to the left of a naked woman who looks over her shoulder at the sinking cities of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Dead Sea (she is Lot's wife, turned into a pillar of salt [A§254]. 400), a text that was often attended during the Middle Ages by diagrammatic a€?mapsa€? illustrating the concept.A See also David Woodward.
Others delved into the question of its authorship, which had previously been assumed to be obvious from the wording on the map itself. The medievalized depiction on the bottom left corner of the Hereford world map of 'Caesar Augustus' commissioning a survey of the world from three surveyors representing the three corners of the world may be based on a muddled - and religiously acceptable - memory of these classical events.
Even though the inscriptions on the maps gradually became more and more garbled and the information more and more embellished, distorted, and misunderstood, they nevertheless retained their tenuous links with ancient learning.
More than simple geographical shorthand, such maps were also meant to symbolize the crucifixion, the descent of man from Noah's three sons and the ultimate triumph of Christianity. Palestine itself was usually enlarged far beyond what, on a modern map, would have been its actual proportions.
A note on one of the most famous of them, the Ebstorf, says that it could be used for route planning.
Although the maps were still dominated by biblical and classical history and legend, most other information seems to have been acceptable and was accommodated within the traditional framework.
Far larger than the Hereford Word Map and much more colorful, it was probably created under the guidance of the itinerant English lawyer, teacher and diplomat, Gervase of Tilbury.
In transmission some facts and text became garbled and some inscriptions are gobbled gook or wrong. Decades after the invention of the first camera, a large number of consumers and shoppers continue to take pics, in a hgh tech fashion.
The circle one-third of the way from the bottom is Jerusalem, the Map's central point, with a crucifixion scene above it ([A§387-89]).
Its images and decoration have been examined from a stylistic standpoint by Nigel Morgan and put into the context of their time, while the late Wilma George examined the animals in the light of her own zoological knowledge [2] The chance discoveries of fragments of other English medieval world maps in recent years [3] have expanded the context within which the Hereford World Map can be examined, and the Royal Academy exhibition, 'The Age of Chivalry' of 1987 enabled the map to be displayed in the company of other non-cartographic artifacts of its own time. Generally, though, it was not difficult to adapt surviving copies of existing, secular world maps to suit the purposes of Christian writers from the 5th century onwards. This was in order to match its historical importance and to accommodate all the information that had to be conveyed. Christ would, for instance, be shown dominating the world, or the world might even be depicted as the actual body of Christ. The world was shown as the body of Christ and much space was devoted to the political situation in northern Germany: an area of particular concern to the Duke who may have commissioned it.
Instead of the antiquated bulky cameras with huge lenses,consumers and shoppers frequently use SmartPhones and digital cameras to capture images and to take holiday pics.
Carte marine et portulan au XIIe siA?cle:A Le Liber de existencia riveriarum et forma maris nostri Mediterranei. The amount of space dedicated to the other parts of the world varied according to their traditional historical or biblical importance and the preoccupations of the author of the text that the map illustrated. From family gatherings,to family picnics to traditional weddings to the holidays,consumers and shoppers often seize the opportunity at planned events and during the holidays for instance Thanksgiving and Christmas to take pictures of loved ones,family,friends and co workers. Behind the blue band of the river is a grim array of grotesque figures to indicate the existence of primitive peoples. There may be significance in the soulless mermaid placed in the map close to the unattainable Holy Land, or she may be a possible temptation to sea-faring pilgrims. Phillott, wrote that it shows a a€?rejection of all that savoured of scientific geography, . Because of this, space devoted to the author or patron's homeland was often much exaggerated when judged by modern standards, as in the case of England, Wales and Ireland on the Hereford Mappa Mundi. Crone demonstrated, the Hereford also contains sequences of the more important place names along some major thirteenth century commercial and pilgrimage routes. The Book of Life tells the legend of Manolo (Diego Luna), a conflicted hero and dreamer who sets off on an epic quest through magical, mythical and wondrous worlds in order to rescue his one true love Maria (Zoe Saldana) and defend his village. On a world map, though, as opposed to the strip itinerary maps produced by Matthew Paris in about 1250, the route planning could only have been very approximate and very much incidental to the main purposes. Since founding csaccac Inc in 2010, as Founder and President,I fill many hats including Product Tester and photographer. 14), which may have resulted from the survey of the provinces ascribed by tradition to Julius Caesar. In the Hereford map they could revel in this pictorial description of the outside world, which taught natural history, classical legends, explained the winds and reinforced their religious beliefs.
And truthfully speaking,in the beginning I experienced some difficulty;however,after I purchased my first digital camera I began to feel comfortable and enjoy the ease of taking pics with a digital camera. Months after I purchased my first digital camera,I set my sights on a tripod, a universal stand to hold my digital camera. The main reason I purchased a tripod__ at the time, I wanted to create high quality self pics and group pics. The two upright fingers branching up from the Mediterranean are the Aegean and the Black Sea with the Golden Fleece at its extremity. Eventhough, I've had my tripod for some months,I am still learning the ins and outs of both my digital camera and tripod.
Well,if you havent guessed or envisioned what the featured product for the month of November 2013 looks like or remotely even resembles __then as productor tester I guess I'll do the honors first__it's my tripod.
Eventually, I wanted to find out what the craze had been all about and the reason that consumers seemed to ofA been trading in personal computers for Tablets,_well, at least leaving them at home. Ultimately, I placed online an order for a NookHD+ then opt to pick up the tech item from the store instead of waiting for it to be shipped to my place of residency.
AA few weeks with the NookHD+, I was hooked_eventhough, IA wasna€™t a fan of touchscreen only. And in all honesty, since the beginning of the Smart Phone craze, I had insisted upon that all of my primary tech gadgets used for work, research and blogging had to be equipped with a QWERTY keyboard. However, in this particular instance,The NookHD+, again, touchscreen only, I made an exception. As I continued to learn the ins and outs of my newly purchased NookHD+ , at the same time, I began to inquire about the accessories compatible with the tech gadget.
In doing so, I foundA the tech item had a Stylus Pen specifically made to use with the NookHD+. Weeks later, I purchased a different kind of Stylus Pen , I noticed while standing atA the checkout counter at Walgreens,pictured next to this article is that Stylus Pen.
Quite astonishing the Stylus Pen worked wellA with both of my tech gadgets ( Smart Phone & Tablet). A frequent question a tantamount of consumers and shoppers find themselves entertaining especially during the holidays when manufacturers and retailers offer what they consider to be great deals and bargains.
After giving the device a run for its money as well as a brief critique of the various apps and functions,I stated in my review of the Nook HD+ how pleased I was with the tech gadget. Further into the critique, I also commented that I was soooo pleased with the tech gadget that I wanted to protect my investment. Based on my income and budget,I considered the purchase of the Nook HD+ to be a major purchase of the year. Shortly after, I purchased the Nook HD+,I began to look at the recommended accessories for the tech gadget.
Eventually, after I and my Nook HD+ survived the return and exchange 14 day trial period,I chose to protect my investment with a Nook HD+ cover. As I began to search and think of different items that could be the product of the month for September,I began to heavily weigh in on August's product of the month,the Nook HD+cover.
Hours later,I arrived to the assertion that there's more than one way to protect your investment.
With the assertion___, there's more than one way to protect your investment, I made the final choice to make Smart Phone covers as the product of the month for September. Furthermore, within the past five years,Ive purchased several Smart Phones from Virgin Mobile. To be truthful, I've even purchased Smart Phone insurance,a good choice because a few months later my Smart Phone had an accident. Despite all of the stuff I tried, sampled, tasted and tested during the recent months, as a result of a long review and critique besides from featuring the Smart Phone as a product of the month,I began to think of the different ways Ia€™ve used to protect my Smart Phone as an alternative product of the month.
For instance,Smart Phone insurance has been one the ways I protect my investment from unexpected accidents. Ostensibly, there's more than one way to protect your Smart Phone from accidents such as, for example, you accidentally drop and break your Smart Phone or in some weird, odd, freak accident as you rush out the door you accidentally step on your Smart Phone or heaven forbids the same thing happens to you that happen to me, a few months ago, I dropped my Smart Phone in the toilet. Without a question, eschewing further debate, Smart Phone insurance is a great investment for consumers and shoppers who use their Smart Phone daily and for work. Best of all, Smart Phone insurance usually saves the consumer from digging deep into their pockets. So, what about before those mishaps and accidents, if you havena€™t figured it out__ there's more than one way to protect your investment.
Even though, at first, I might of skipped over protecting my investments, I am more open to the idea of investing and protecting my major purchases. Here's an example of what I am talking about, I currently have several Smart Phone covers to protect my Smart Phone from breakage, moisture, and malfunctioning. Varying in price,color,size and shape, most of today's Smart Phone manufacturers and retailers offer to consumers and shoppers Smart Phone covers as an accessory. From passwords, to anti-theft apps, to screen locks and codes, there's more than one way to protect your investment.
Regardless of the price, and hopefully it is within your budget, a true frugal savvy shopper knows the importance of protecting their investment.
Above everything else,both I and my Nook HD+ survived the return and exchange process,quite remarkable,I even have the receipt to prove it. Unlike sooo manyA items, I ve returned and exchanged in the past,__it,meaning my Nook HD+ survived the fourteenth days as printed on the receipt.
A business practice that's part of Barnes and Noble store policy that allows customers fourteen days to return an item. In short,the 14th day, adhering to store policy was the final day that I couldA actually return my Nook HD+ and get cash back.
It goes without saying ,I readA the instructions,totally unavoidable with a new tech gadget,as well as,downloaded apps,and,uploaded wallpapers. Not quite sure,on the day I purchased my Nook HD+__ifA in fact, I would be satisfied with my purchase,I chose at the time not to purchase any kind of accessories. As it turns out,I was soooo pleased with my purchase of the Nook HD+,I wanted to protect my investments.
It doesnt matter if you're on lunch break,on a mini vacation,at a webinar or conference,filling out an online report or having to send emails can be a hassle if you don't have a wifi connection,a Broadband device is just one of the many tech gadgets that consumers and shoppers frequently use to get an internet connection. Constantly,on the go,I wanted to have access to wifiA while away from my place of residency. Because,I perform an arrary task that frequently requires wifi access ,I purchased a Broadband to Go device from Virgin Mobile.
Egregiously,as a Virgin Mobile customer and fan,I live by Virgin Mobile products except in the case of Virgin Mobile wifi devices. Recently,I purchased Virgin Mobile's MiFi 2200 to conciliate my worries about not being able to access wifi home. Aside from very slow internet speed,the device could only connect to one tech gadget and,the 3G USB plug n play stick broke too easily.
Affordable,great to have on hand for shopping emergencies,the latest in recycling,a recyclable tote makes shopping less of a hassle. Ditching the old biodegradeable plastic bags for a recyclable tote,it's a smart move and a great investment for frugal,savvy,and environmentally conscious consumers and shoppers.Available in most local chain stores and at grocery stores,recyclable totes are becoming the better choice than leaving stores with the traditional biodegradeable plastic bag. Part of a movement to get consumers and shoppers involved in recycling and to think about going green,consumers and shoppers now have the option of trading in those plastic bags for a recyclable tote. A frequent shopper,I usually purchase a couple of recyclable totes to hold store purchases and other stuff. Eventhough,I like having the choice to purchase a recyclable tote,I havent completely stop using biodegradeable plastic bags. However,I have to point out the fact that when a consumer and shoppers purchase a recyclable tote they're not limited to using the tote only in that store,that's why they're called recyclable totes because they can be used more than once. In fact, most recycable totes last for more than a week,I should know because I still have a few leftover from the previous month. A great deal,a really good find,a price you wont find anywhere else,and the best price among competitors,I love a great sale and I love rewards for shopping.
Savings and Rewards,for most consumers and shoppers,it's all about getting the best price for items purchase daily. From household supplies to groceries,anyone who shops frequently knows consumers and shoppers love a really good sale_,the economic recession of 2008 could be the culprit.
In fact,since the 2008 economic recession savings and rewards has become extremely important to American families on a budget.
For many American consumers and shoppers,the unexpected downturn of the American economy caused a disruption in their daily activies thus forcing consumer and shoppers to rethink the way they shop and how they shop.
As a frequent shopper and consumer,I am constantly looking for a great deal and sales on items I purchase regularly,mainly because I do live on a strict budget. Admittedly,after the 2008 economic recession,I rediscovered coupons,and began clipping coupons frequently. In addition to clipping coupons,I also began to check sale ads at home and at the door of stores before shopping. Along with making a shopping list,clipping coupons at home,checking sale ads at the door and comparing prices,these days one of the best ways to save and get the best deals,I feel without a question has to be with a savings and reward card.
And speaking honestly, a savings and rewards card from your local chain store should be a consumer or shoppers BF(bestie). A must have for consumers and shoppers who seriously want to save,a savings and rewards card.
Throughout the years, my experience with last minute shopping in most instances was not too pleasant. Admittedly,I empathize as well as concur with consumers who express sentiments that last minute shopping makes the shopper(consumer) feel uncomfortable and forlorn with the just thought of buying a gift at the last minute. Often tight on funds to purchase a gift ahead of time,last minute shopping for an overwhelmed consumer with a limited budget could cause the consumer to be late and in some instance not to attend the event or special function. Subsequently, over the years, I have come to realize that last minute shopping it's not the best of fun.
As a result, I definitely would not recommend last minute shopping to a consumer as a shopping tip. Unequivocally, shopping for special events and functions such as finding an appropriate could take several visits different stores. Finding the appropriate could mean spending an entire day in a Hallmark store reading cards, it could also mean spending all day on the phone with friend or relatives discussing gift registry,preferences,stores,likes and dislike of the recipient.
Ostensibly,the older you get the adults in your life expect two things from you one not to embarrass them in public and two if you don't have a gift to bring at least show up at special functions on time.
Indeed, an earnest shopper as well as a meticulous shopper knows finding the right gift or card for a special function could require hours of shopping and visiting different stores. Shopping done precipitously could result in purchasing the wrong size,color, or something way out in left field. Don't wait until the last minute to shop for a party,baby showers,bachelorette bash,birthdays,holidays ,and anniversaries avoid uncomfortableness and the feeling of being inadequate,plan the week before.
On certain days, I have even shopped the day of the event that often leaves me feeling embarrassed ashamed, and guilty about my finances even worse depress. Incontrovertibly,last minute shopping in many instances could causes the consumer to become distraught,exasperated, and disconcerted not surprisingly all the emotions take away from the planned day.
What's more important being punctilious for the planned event or arriving with a hand picked gift for the recipient or recipients? Ultimately,the answer remains with the shopper (consumer) The answer should be non bias and based on the event as well as the recipient and not the shoppers wallet .
The meticulous consumer that normally keeps track of birthdays, holidays,and anniversaries with calendars,through emails,P DA's ,Smart phones and other tech savvy gadgets of courses would not necessarily share the same feelings of a last minute shopper .
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December 17, 2012 NYC Teachers Fund Pledges $1 Billion for Post-Sandy Rebuilding
New York City's teacher pension fund pledged to invest $1 billion to rebuild infrastructure and housing damaged by Hurricane Sandy. Bridge repairs, housing, electric power and water systems are among the projects that will be considered for investment by the pension's seven-member board, which controlled assets valued at $46 billion as of Sept. 30, fund officials said.
November 29, 2012 Sandy Fundraising by Charities to Be Tracked by New York
New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman is requesting information from charities on fundraising related to Hurricane Sandy to ensure that money is spent on storm relief. The attorney general's office sent letters to 75 nonprofit groups requesting information on their fundraising and relief activities, Schneiderman said in a statement. The office's charities bureau will compile the information and report it online.
July 26, 2012 New York Life Foundation Awards $400,000 to NPower
The New York Life Foundation today announced a two-year, $400,000 grant to expand NPower's workforce development program, Technology Service Corps (TSC), in New York City and Texas. TSC provides young adults, ages 18 to 25, with training and careers in information technology (IT).
May 21, 2012 NY Jets, NY Giants and United Way of NYC Raise More Than $1.5 Million for At-Risk Kids
Presented by United Way of New York City, the New York Jets and the New York Giants, tonight's 19th annual Gridiron Gala raised more than $1.5 million to support United Way-led programs that serve at-risk youth in New York City.
September 22, 2011 MSL Launches Annual Cause Initiative, $100,000 in Pro Bono Communications Counsel
MSLGROUP, the Publicis Groupe's flagship PR and events company, announced the launch of the third annual MSL New York Be:CAUSE Community Connected Grant and invites New York-based nonprofits to apply for a pro bono professional communications program.
As part of its ongoing cause initiative and commitment to New York City, MSL New York will award one deserving local nonprofit with $100,000 worth of strategic communications counsel.
August 16, 2011 Nordstrom Opens N.Y. Store to Benefit Children's Charities
Nordstrom is opening a full-priced store in Manhattan called Treasure&Bond, with all profits of the store committed to charity.
Nordstrom says its charity efforts will go further than competitors who team up with nonprofit groups for campaigns. And all proceeds from the rather expensive merchandise go to children's charities, Nordstrom says.
In addition, there are no plans to make it a for-profit store, said Peter E. Nordstrom, executive vice president and president of merchandising at Nordstrom. But he added that the company remained committed to opening a department store in New York City.
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The charming Mediterranean holiday resort and fishing town of Kalkan is situated on Turkey's Turquoise Coast, and is sought after by a crowd more in search of atmosphere and charisma than mere fun and sun. Narrow twisting streets, historic Ottoman architecture, shuttered windows and white-washed houses, as well as sweeping views over the harbour and sparkling bay, are all part of its unique character.
The genuine friendliness of Kalkan locals is a welcome change from the hassle experienced in most holiday towns. Untouched by mass tourism, Kalkan is small, unspoiled and laid-back, but still has plenty to offer holidaymakers, from beautiful beaches and watersports, to ancient Lycean history and boat cruises. Kalkan also boasts the highest number of restaurants and bars per square metre on the Turkish coast, and is renowned for its rooftop venues.
Kalkan's Thursday market is a great place to pick up souvenirs and mingle with the locals to get a true reflection of Kalkan life. Gold and silver jewellery, Turkish kilims (hand-woven rugs), and a traditional blue-coloured glass 'evil eye', said to ward off evil spirits, are the main buys when enjoying a little retail therapy in the streets of Kalkan and many of the shops stay open till at least midnight. Other popular purchases are tailor-made suits, as well as other clothing.
There is a high concentration of restaurants in Kalkan, most of which are peppered around the centre of town. There are over 100 restaurants ranging from trendy and market eateries to local lokantas (tavernas), and even rooftop restaurants which offer breathtaking views over the harbour and serve a variety of cuisines, including traditional Turkish, locally caught seafood, and many classic Mediterranean favourites, while local meze (similar to tapas), cheese, and trout are popular features on restaurant menus. There are a number of eateries offering international cuisine, but visitors should note that they come with an international price tag.
Kalkan's nightlife will keep all types of visitors busy. With plenty of restaurants, cafés, bars, and nightclubs to enjoy, the town comes to life after dusk. Head to one of the many rooftop terrace bars for sundowners, listen to a gypsy band while sipping on the local aniseed drink, 'raki', smoke a hookah pipe and recline on Ottoman-style cushions, or enjoy the local ladies putting on a belly dancing show.
Kalkan's main beach is shingled and this may not appeal to many would-be beach-goers but the water sports and activities on offer off these shores still attract thousands of tourists each year. Nearby Kaputas Beach is sandy and much more pleasant for those longing to dig their toes in the sand. Enjoy sailing, jet skiing, water skiing, scuba diving, parasailing, and banana boating, or plunge to the depths and discover what lies beneath the crystal clear waters on a snorkelling trip. The ruins at Xanthos Valley and the New Acropolis are popular attractions to visit, as is the ancient city of Patara.
Kalkan can often be packed with British tourists and the main beach is shingle so shoes are advised for beach excursions, although the water depth drops off close to the shore, so travellers won't have to walk over the pebbles for long.


The Interim Finance Minister, Shri Piyush Goyal presented the much awaited Union Budget on 1st February 2019. The focus of the budget has been three-folds and primarily reflects the interests of 'Kisan', 'Mazdoor' and 'Ghar'. First is boosting the income of small and marginal farmers by providing them income support of Rs. 6,000 per annum and the scheme will be named Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi. Second is in support of the middle-class taxpayers – taxable income up to Rs. 5 Lakh per annum will be exempted from tax. And the third one is in favour of the unorganised sector employees in which they will get a pension of Rs. 3,000 per month.
Now that we've discussed the key focus areas of the budget, let's also take a quick look at the other highlights mentioned by the FM Goyal during his budget speech.
The fiscal deficit has been brought down to 3.4%; CAD is expected to be 2.5% of GDP this year.
The double-digit inflation at 10.1% during 2009 – 2014 has been brought to 2.1% in December.
To ensure clean banking the 4R approach has been implemented: Recognition, Resolution, Recapitalisation, and Reforms.
Standard tax deduction for salaried people has been raised to Rs. 50,000 from Rs. 40,000.
After the major move by the government, approximately, 3 crore middle-class taxpayers earning up to Rs. 5 lakh will get tax exemption.
The TDS threshold on rental income has been raised to Rs. 2.4 lakh from Rs. 1.8 lakh.
The TDS on interest income from deposit in banks and post-offices has been increased to Rs. 40,000 from Rs. 10,000.
The gratuity limit has been increased to Rs. 30 lakh from Rs. 10 lakh.
Income tax return processes will be done in 24 hours.
Within 2 years, all verification of tax returns to be done electronically without any taxpayer interface.
Rs.60,000 crore will be allocated for MGNREGA.
Farmers pursuing animal husbandry will receive an interest subvention of 2%.
Farmers affected by severe natural calamities will receive an interest subvention of 2% and an additional interest subvention of 3% upon timely repayment.
An indigenously developed semi high-speed train, Vande Bharat Express, to be launched soon.
In the next five years, one lakh digital villages will be planned.
MSMEs will get 25% of sourcing for government projects, of which 3% will be from women entrepreneurs.
ESI cover limit has been increased to Rs. 21,000.
Minimum pension has been increased to Rs. 1,000.
Fund allocation for the Northeast region has been increased to Rs. 58,166 crore.
A portal of National Artificial Intelligence will be developed soon.
Haryana will soon have the 22nd AIIMS.
The government has decided to increase minimum support price by 1.5 times of the production cost for all 22 crops.
To prevent piracy and contact theft of Bollywood films, anti-cam cord regulations will be introduced in the Indian Cinematograph Act.
The Indian filmmakers will soon get a single window clearance.
Government aims to provide urban facilities in villages while keeping the soul of the rural life intact.
Rs. 19,000 crore has been allocated for Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY).


Paris is a celebration, and for the best celebration of all there is a delicious flavoured tea created from an indulgent blend of black teas with fruity cherry, almond, ginger and spiced bread flavours.
Dammann Frères created with passion flavoured blends since 60 years. Black teas were the first to be prepared.


text:
Die Cima Genova ( für Genuaspitze) ist ein wuchtiger und  hoher Berg im westantarktischen Ellsworthland. In der Heritage Range des Ellsworthgebirges ragt er 3 km nordöstlich des Schoeck Peak auf. Seine West- und Nordflanke sind vereist.

Italienische Wissenschaftler benannten ihn 2002 nach der Stadt Genua, Sitz der Regionalgruppe des Club Alpino Italiano des Erstbesteigers Paolo Gardino.

Weblinks
 Genova, Cima im Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (englisch)

Berg im Ellsworthgebirge
Heritage Range


ETA/VALJOUX Cal. 7751 2* jewels Swiss Automatic. Breitling Cal.21.
12 hr, 30 min, 60 sec registers chronograph. Triple Date Calendar - Day/Date/Month. 24 hour format ( military ) hand.
Ivory color. Applied polished Silver color markers.
Brown color. Genuine Alligator leather. Padded and stitched. Factory Logo embossed.
Consigned timepiece (carefully inspected, authenticated and certified by our watchmakers). To personally view this item, please visit our County Line store. Original factory papers.
Purchased in 2007 at Tourneau.