text:
DHL Global Connectedness Index: Southeast Asian nations beat expectations as globalization hits new record high
Media OutReach Kamis, 14 Februari 2019 17:15 WIB
Of the five countries to exceed expectations in international flows by the widest margin, four come from Asia: Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam
Singapore is the world's second most connected country after The Netherlands and the only Asia Pacific country in the Top 10 ranking
SINGAPORE - Media OutReach - February 14, 2019 - DHL has released the fifth edition of the DHL Global Connectedness Index (GCI) -- a detailed analysis of globalization, measured by international flows of trade, capital, information and people.
The latest edition of the GCI saw Southeast Asian nations Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam beat expectations by the widest margin, reflecting improved supply chain networks within the region and ASEAN policy initiatives promoting economic integration. Singapore also remains the world's second most connected country, being the only Asia Pacific country to feature in the Top 10 ranking. Myanmar experienced the biggest improvement, jumping 23 spots to 133rd position. Hong Kong retains its second place behind Singapore on the depth dimension of the Index, which measures the proportion of overall physical, intellectual and human capital that crosses national borders; while Japan and South Korea continue to rank amongst the top 5 in global breadth of the same flows.
"While the results for Singapore, Hong Kong and the North Asian powerhouses of Japan and South Korea bring few surprises, the Index highlights just how rapidly Southeast Asia is plugging into the global economy. The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community in late 2015 appears to have brought significant improvements to trade flows, particularly with reductions in trade tariffs and better access to ports and logistic hubs,[1]" said Ken Lee, CEO, DHL Express Asia Pacific. "The outperformance of emerging markets like Cambodia and Vietnam, coupled with Malaysia's outpacing of expectations in the face of local economic uncertainty, suggests that ASEAN will continue to grow even amidst broader global volatility."
"While business leaders still face hurdles to greater breadth and depth of trade connectivity, some challenges like infrastructure, technology and skills training are already being addressed jointly by governments and industry."
The 2018 index measures the current state of globalization, as well as individual rankings for each country, based on the depth (intensity of international flows) and breadth (geographical distribution of flows) of countries' international connections. The world's top five most globally connected countries in 2017 were the Netherlands, Singapore, Switzerland, Belgium and the United Arab Emirates. Despite Southeast Asia's rapid advances in trade connectivity, the Asia Pacific region remains less connected to the rest of the world overall than other regions.
The new GCI report represents the first comprehensive assessment of developments in globalization across 169 countries and territories since the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the 2016 presidential election in the United States. In spite of growing anti-globalization tensions in many countries, connectedness reached an all-time high in 2017, as the flows of trade, capital, information and people across national borders all intensified significantly for the first time since 2007. Strong economic growth boosted international flows while key policy changes such as US tariff increases had not yet been implemented.
A central theme of research by GCI co-authors Steven A. Altman and Pankaj Ghemawat is that at the global level, the world is still less connected than most people think it is, even after globalization's recent gains. For example, just about 20% of economic output around the world is exported, roughly 7% of phone call minutes (including calls over the internet) are international, and only 3% of people live outside the countries where they were born. The report also debunks the belief that distance is becoming irrelevant. Most countries are much more connected to their neighbors than to distant nations.
Emerging economies remain less connected than advanced economies
The GCI continues to reveal vast differences between levels of globalization in advanced versus emerging economies. Emerging economies trade almost as intensively as advanced economies, but advanced economies are more than three times as deeply integrated into international capital flows, five times for people flows, and almost nine times with respect to information flows. Additionally, while leaders from large emerging markets have become major supporters of globalization on the world stage, emerging economies' progress catching up in terms of global connectedness has stalled.
The report was commissioned by DHL and authored by Steven A. Altman, Pankaj Ghemawat, and Phillip Bastian of the New York University Stern School of Business and the IESE Business School. The 2018 DHL Global Connectedness Index draws on more than 3 million data points from international flows covering trade, capital, information and people. It documents and dissects levels of globalization, both at the global level and for 169 countries and territories that jointly account for 99% of the world's GDP and 97% of its population.
The report and additional background information can be downloaded at logistics.dhl/gci.
DHL -- The logistics company for the world
DHL is the leading global brand in the logistics industry. Our DHL family of divisions offers an unrivalled portfolio of logistics services ranging from national and international parcel delivery, e-commerce shipping and fulfillment solutions, international express, road, air and ocean transport to industrial supply chain management. With about 360,000 employees in more than 220 countries and territories worldwide, DHL connects people and businesses securely and reliably, enabling global trade flows. With specialized solutions for growth markets and industries, including technology, life sciences and healthcare, energy, automotive and retail, a proven commitment to corporate responsibility and an unrivalled presence in developing markets, DHL is decisively positioned as "The logistics company for the world."
DHL is part of Deutsche Post DHL Group. The Group generated revenues of more than 60 billion euros in 2017.
[1] https://www.oecd.org/dev/SAEO2018_Preliminary_version.pdf
Tags DHL
Three Ends, Jalan Menuju Kota Dumai Bebas Tiga Masalah
Bupati Bengkalis Amril Mukminin Ucapkan Bela Sungkawa
AHA Centre dan Deutsche Post DHL Group Berkolaborasi dalam Misi Kemanusiaan Penanggulangan Bencana
Niki Frank Diangkat Sebagai Direktur Utama DHL Global Forwarding India
DHL eCommerce Solutions names Samuel Conroy as Managing Director in Vietnam
DHL Global Forwarding shaves up to 75% off transit times via Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge
Deutsche Post DHL Group's Disaster Response Team ends first deployment in Africa having processed nearly 800 tonnes of cargo


text:
Contacts | Advert rates | Archive | Privacy policy
Fishing ad Agriculture
Antonia Trading temporarily closes Matalan Seychelles to the public | 07 December 2020
The department store had become popular during its few weeks in operation
After only a couple of weeks in business, Antonia Trading will be temporarily closing down Matalan Seychelles due to a lack of qualified workers.
Antonia Trading, the parent company of Matalan Seychelles, noted that the store has been operating on a 'soft opening' mode with operating hours decided on a day to day basis depending on the number of staff who arrive for their scheduled shift
"Unfortunately, our business today had a significantly higher than normal level of absenteeism and sickness within the sales team following pay-day. As a result we took the decision not to open today (Friday) as we could not be assured that we would be able to deliver service to the high standard that you expect from us," said Antonia Trading.
They added that the way operations have been conducted is taking a heavy toll on the existing staff including the management team who are working excessive hours due to the human resource constraints.
"Antonia Trading has therefore taken the decision not to reopen its Matalan store until such time that it has the right team – the right number of colleagues and of the right calibre. We cannot put a timescale when we shall reopen. We shall reopen only when we can be assured that we have the resources to serve you at the correct standard, and which puts a fair workload on our existing colleagues who are committed and reliable," it said.
Seychelles NATION caught up with the owner and founder of Antonia Trading, Robert Stravens, who explained to us that the main problem they have is finding the right people with the skills needed to work in a big department store.
"There are people who are calling us and sending their CVs but they are mainly looking for part-time employment rather than full-time and for the time being we need a team that we can rely and count on," he said.
Mr Stravens added that the store has had some difficulty getting employees and noted that even if it had had high turnovers and absentees with the employees it has, it is because of the need for more workers that it is closing temporarily.
"Some of the workers that we had had little experience working in retail and were new to the job market and with the overwhelming response from the public we have been extremely busy so we need to be well resourced and conduct operations properly and be able to have a proper opening and closing time," said Mr Stravens.
He added that they need people who are used to working on their feet for long hours.
"We are not closed for good as the team is still preparing for the day we open and we will try to have a careers fair to see if we can recruit new workers and keep looking for workers so we can open," Mr Stravens said.
The department store has also been working closely with the Ministry of Employment and recently sat down with the principal secretary for Employment, Jules Baker.
As for the money the department store will lose during the holiday season, Mr Stravens noted that making a profit during this time is not on their mind as they are working towards longevity and making sure that it is a household name in Seychelles.
"We are committed to this project and we have created the opportunity for people and we are encouraging them to apply," he said.
When the announcement was made on Friday afternoon that the store will be closing down temporarily, many people took to social media to express their sadness as the department store had become quite popular during its few weeks in operation.
"We wanted to build a store that is going to give ordinary Seychellois families good products at a fair value and we still believe in that and that's what we are going to do," concluded Mr Stravens.
Christophe Zialor
Matalan Seyhcelles is temporarily closing down
2020 Business Review | 31.12.2020
Seychelles' economy expected to contract in 2020 due to Covid-19 | 31.12.2020
Christmas a much-needed boost for local businesses | 29.12.2020
Sacos offers business insurance packages | 15.12.2020
250th anniversary docu-movie gets rave reviews at premiere | 07.12.2020
Seychelles Breweries, Seychelles NATION spread road safety awareness to drivers, road users | 01.12.2020
Institute of Early Childhood Development (IECD)
Seychelles Hospital
National Council for Children
DICT website
The National Assembly of Seychelles
Seychelles Tourism Board (STB)
Copyright 2021 © All rights reserved. National Information Services Agency
Web design and development by: M3 Communications Group, Inc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
European Literature Night: Writing the World
Virtual Talks Literature
12 May 2021 — 12 May 2021
We're thrilled to announce that the Austrian writer Anna Kim will participate in this year's European Literature Night, organised by the British Library.
The annual literary showcase brings the best of the continent's writers and contemporary European literature to the UK and presents a great opportunity to discover new voices in translation.
Writing the World will explore civilisations, boundaries, and the drivers behind cultural exchange and is part of EUNIC London's European Writers project.
The French novelist Laurent Binet and the German writer Jenny Erpenbeck will also be joining the panel. The conversation will be chaired by journalist and broadcaster Alex Clark.
Anna Kim is one of the selected writers to feature in the renowned Austrian literature programme "schreibART". Her latest novel The Great Homecoming was translated by Jamie Lee Searle and is out now.
Please book your ticket here.


International wellness company Lycored has been awarded an EU patent for its carotenoid compositions for skin care.
International wellness company Lycored has been awarded an EU patent for its carotenoid compositions for skin care.
The patent relates to the use of Lycored's carotenoid compositions to protect the skin from UV radiation from the sun. The company has held a patent in Canada since 2014 and has also learned that it has been granted one in Japan. A decision on a US patent is pending.
Lycored's compositions, including its supplement-ready blend Lycoderm, combine natural lycopene with phytoene, phytofluene, and Vitamin E from tomatoes. The patent applies to ingestible use of the compositions in supplements, foodstuff or beverages.
There is a growing body of evidence for the benefits of supplementation with carotenoids for skin health. Last year, an award-winning study funded by Lycored found that Lycopene-Rich Tomato Nutrition Complex (TNC) and lutein can protect against UVA/B- and UVA1 radiation at a molecular level.
Golan Raz, Head of Global Health Division at Lycored said: "Lycored is delighted that its carotenoid compositions for skincare have received an EU patent. This is the result of years of hard work and research and further supports our mission to make the benefits of carotenoids as widely available as possible. With consumers increasingly embracing ingestible skincare, and a growing body of evidence for the benefits, we're very excited about the future."
Lycored is celebrating the news in typically creative fashion. It has updated its video game, Beta-blasters, by giving a new stronger shield to one of the characters, Fight-O-Fluene.


Alistair Overeem has already defeated WWE Superstar Brock Lesnar once in the UFC. He wouldn't mind fighting him again, but doesn't see it as realistic after Lesnar found himself in hot water with the Nevada Athletic Commission and the United States Anti-Doping agency following two drug tests that were positive for prohibited substances related to his UFC 200 bout with Mark Hunt.
Overeem returns to the Octagon to challenge heavyweight champion Stipe Miocic in the UFC 203 main event on Saturday, Sept. 10, in Cleveland.


Real estate analysis, investment trends and conversations.
What kind of an impact will dockless scooter startups have on the real estate industry?
We believe that transportation will have a transformative impact on the real estate industry within a very short period of time--and create wealth in unexpected ways and in unexpected places.
Core: low risk Core+: low to moderate risk Value-added: moderate to high risk Opportunistic: high risk Core and core + are the bedrock of diversified portfolio and minimize risk.
We caught up with the amazing Roy Abraham, an Associate Director at Vicus Partners, who schooled us on what's cool about Queens (everything) and why New York City real estate is all about the daily rise and grind.
What are Real Estate Opportunity Zones?
As part of the December 2017 Trump tax cut, a generous new tax break was created, designed to lure investment into struggling neighborhoods known as "Opportunity Zones." Approximately 8,700 of these opportunity zones were designated nationwide, in big cities, small towns and rural areas.
Active real estate investing requires a large amount of real estate know-how and hands-on management. While passive real estate investing offers opportunities to invest in real estate for both people with extensive real estate and financial knowledge as well as those with limited or no expertise.
How does investing in individual condominiums compare to investing in a multifamily building?
When individual people invest in apartments, they usually buy condominiums.
Will rising interest rates impact Manhattan residential real estate prices?
Since July 2016, when the 10 Year Treasury rate bottomed at 1.32%, interest rates have risen approximately 1.5%. During that same period, 30-year mortgage rates have risen by approximately 0.75%. Real estate has become more expensive, but does that mean it has become less valuable?


text:
Caring For Your Lawn
Lawn & Turf Landscaping, Inc. is still going green after more than a half century.
Janet Patterson
Jeffrey Crane & provided
This story begins in 1965 with a man and a lawnmower.
Erv Denig started his post-college career as an industrial arts teacher, but after four years he left education to pursue his landscaping dream. "He started out mowing lawns when he was 12, and worked at Broadview Florist watering lilies," says wife Kathy Moses-Denig. Until his passing, he sold Christmas trees every December from the farm property.
Today, the seed of the story has grown to be Lawn & Turf Landscaping, Inc., one of the leading landscape design and maintenance firms in the region.
There have been some twists in the 54-year story, but the man with the mower has left a legacy that continues to make beautiful things happen from the green farmhouse on Winchester Road.
After a 30-year career in commercial real estate, Moses-Denig stepped away to keep the business humming when her husband Erv died in October 2015.
"I thought I could do both jobs, but I decided to focus on Lawn & Turf," Moses-Denig says.
Her decision means the 25 to 30 employees of Lawn & Turf are out doing their work in the Fort Wayne area, designing, maintaining, fertilizing, aerating, mulching, mowing and clearing snow.
Headquartered on the last 20 acres of the 150-acre Denig family farm, Lawn & Turf has become a pillar in the green industry around the area. The company does residential landscaping and full-service lawn care, but also serves neighborhood associations and property management companies, larger retail malls, institutional facilities and corporate offices. "What sets us apart is the high quality of our work. So much so, that people will see a property and say, 'this must be a Lawn & Turf lawn'," Moses-Denig says.
In addition to landscape maintenance, the company designs and builds outdoor features like patios, terraces, fireplaces, outdoor kitchens, retaining walls, decorative stone steps and artful displays.
Its seasonal services include spring and fall cleanup, mulching, pruning as well as annual design planting and care.
Moses-Denig adds that the company is fully insured and licensed, and offers training programs for its employees. "Our friendly on-site employees wear uniforms so they are easily recognizable and work with a trained foreman."
Stepping into her role as owner and president of Lawn & Turf Landscaping was a natural process. "I was always involved with the business," Moses-Denig says. During their 27 years together, she often attended trade shows with him and helped with the company's marketing.
"Erv left a really good company," she continued. "We all work as a team."
A number of its employees have a long history working for Lawn & Turf. "Some of our on-site and management people have been with the company 10 to 15 years."
The couple enjoyed networking jointly in the Fort Wayne business community and were involved in a variety of civic and social activities.
Before her work in commercial real estate, Moses-Denig, a graduate of South Side High School, earned a Master's degree in Urban and Regional Planning from Ball State University and was the assistant director of the City of Fort Wayne's Department of Economic Development.
She is a member of the Greater Fort Wayne Chamber of Commerce, Leadership Fort Wayne alumnus, the Society of Industrial and Office Realtors, The Women Business Leaders Council of Northeast Indiana, The Saturday Club and Sycamore Hills Golf Club.
"Our motto is 'going green since 1965' and we plan to keep going for years to come," Moses-Denig says.
Lawn & Turf Landscaping, Inc.
Address: 6136 Winchester Road Fort Wayne, Indiana 46819
Phone: (260) 747-3298 & (866) 285-6814
Website: lawnandturflandscaping.org
Years in Business: 54
Products & Services: Landscape design, building and maintenance, snow removal and full-service lawn care.
Carrying On the Legacy Now owned by the 2nd generation, Bruce Ewing Landscaping continues to deliver high-quality service.
As Unique as You There are no limits when it comes to customizing your jewelry with Peter Franklin.
The Perfect Lie Touchet Golf offers year-round opportunities, including custom fitting, for golfers to improve their game.
Focusing on Trust 'Do the right thing' is A&Z Engineering's philosophy for both its clients and its employees.
Recruit quality talent and fill jobs faster Employers encouraged to post job openings for free on northeast Indiana's jobs portal.
An Upgrade to the Suite Life The Allen County War Memorial Coliseum recently completed extensive improvments to its premium seating areas.
Stellar Stitching Despos Tailoring offers a unique service to make you and your clothes stand out.
A Perfect Fit Now is the perfect time to get your cold weather clothing repaired and altered at Despos Tailoring.
Tackling Obesity Parkview offers multidisciplinary approach


A couple of months ago I was sent a package by a sweet lady named Leslie. She had made a couple of things for me and sent over some pretty fabrics as well as a pattern for her reversible bowl cozies. I showed all the goodies in an unboxing HERE! Several people asked to see a tutorial for the bowl cozy, so that is what I'm sharing today.
After you've picked out your two fabrics, a fusible fleece (this is my favorite), and a coordinating thread, you're ready to make the pattern.
The pattern is a 10.5 by 10.5 inch square. Draw a line through the center (at 5.25 inches) in each direction. Then mark 2 inches down on each center line and 2 inches away from the center on the outside lines. Connect those markings to form a triangle. Round off the outer edges and your pattern is ready.
Now you're ready to make the cozy. Watch the step-by-step sewing pattern HERE!
These cozies are NOT microwave safe because they are not made of 100% natural fibers. Use them to hold food that has already been heated on the stove. If you want to make a cozy that is microwave safe make sure to use cotton fabric, cotton thread, and Wrap n Zap instead of fusible interfacing. You can find Wrap n Zap HERE!
BTW these cozies also work perfectly for bowls of ice cream too! Gotta keep those fingers from getting too cold while you enjoy a snack.
Will you be giving this project a try?? If so I would love to see a pic! Please share using #WhitneySews on instragram or directly to the Whitney Sews facebook page.
This entry was posted in Blog and tagged DIY, How to, Reversible, tutorial.


The University of Michigan received a major blow Thursday morning.
The team announced that emerging sophomore forward Josh Norris will miss the remainder of the 2018-19 season due to an injury suffered at the 2019 IIHF World Junior Championship that will require surgery.
Norris ranked second on the Wolverines in points with 19 (10 goals, 9 assists) in 17 games this season.


Have to know what NHL video games are on TV tonight? Now that the 2018-19 season is in full swing, you possibly can stream NHL video games virtually each night time of the week till early April—particularly for those who spend money on premium providers like ESPN+ and NHL.TV. We've compiled the entire TV schedule of NHL video games under, however first, it is advisable to work out the way you're going to stream NHL video games. Right here's every thing it's essential to know to observe NHL video games tonight on TV.
For slightly below $5 per 30 days, you possibly can unlock greater than 180 stay NHL video games over the course of the 2018-19 season with ESPN+. Launched in April 2018, the service operates as an extension of the ESPN web site and WatchESPN app, hiding a ton of reside programming and unique collection behind a paywall. Whereas video games are nonetheless topic to regional blackouts, they're clearly marked prematurely within the app, as you'll be able to see under. When you're trying to watch NHL video games tonight on TV, ESPN+ presents one of the best bang on your buck.
For hockey fan who doesn't need to miss a single NHL recreation on TV tonight, or any night time for that matter, there's NHL TV (or NHL.TV). The premium service, like NFL Sunday Ticket or NBA League Cross, let's you stream any out-of-market NHL recreation stay or on-demand. In reality, you'll be able to watch as much as 4 NHL video games directly. It's not low cost, however the All-Entry Move is a method higher deal than the Single Workforce Cross. In case you're not satisfied the service is best for you, NHL TV is streaming a handful of NHL video games at no cost in October. They're famous under.
The printed schedules for NHL video games on ESPN+ and NHL Community don't prolong past October. We'll replace this text when new info turns into obtainable. We've additionally included the NHL video games you possibly can watch totally free on NHL.TV. All video games are topic to blackout restrictions and listed in ET.
New to cord-cutting? Listed here are our picks for the perfect film streaming websites of 2018 and free stay TV apps and channels. In the event you're on the lookout for a selected channel, right here's the way to watch HBO, Showtime, Starz, ESPN, AMC, FX, Fox Information, MSNBC, CNN, FS1, TBS, TNT, Golf Channel, Cartoon Community/Grownup Swim, the CW, NBA TV, the Climate Channel, and NFL RedZone with out cable, in addition to free films on YouTube. Should you're on the transfer, right here's how one can watch Fox Sports activities Go and stay stream NBC Sports activities.


text:
182 F. 2d 311 - Kaplan v. Helenhart Novelty Corporation
182 F2d 311 Kaplan v. Helenhart Novelty Corporation
85 U.S.P.Q. 285
KAPLAN et al.
HELENHART NOVELTY CORPORATION et al.
Decided May 5, 1950.
Levisohn, Niner & Cohen, New York City, Edwin Levisohn and Harry Cohen, New York City, of counsel, for appellants.
Friedman & Friedman, New York City, Hyman R. Friedman, New York City, of counsel, for appellees.
Before L. HAND, Chief Judge, and SWAN and CHASE, Circuit Judges.
CHASE, Circuit Judge.
The two questions to be answered on this appeal are whether there is federal jurisdiction of all of the causes of action alleged in the complaint and in the counterclaim and whether a temporary injunction was improvidently granted on motion of the plaintiffs.
The plaintiffs, who are partners in business under the firm name of The Plastrix Company and are both residents of New York, brought this suit in the District Court for the Southern District of New York against defendants, a New York corporation and one of its officers, also a New York resident, for a declaratory judgment and for damages for unfair competition. They sought to have United States Patent No. 2,178,190 held invalid, and in the alternative held not infringed by them if valid; to have an unregistered trade-mark of the defendants held invalid, or, if valid, not infringed; for an accounting of profits and for damages due to the misuse of both the patent and the trade-mark; and for a temporary and permanent injunction to prevent further misuses of both the patent and the trade-mark.
The defendants answered by way of general denial of the allegations and filed a counterclaim alleging the infringement by the plaintiffs of both the patent and the trade-mark, seeking a temporary and a permanent injunction against the plaintiffs, together with a judgment for profits and damages. Upon hearing on affidavits before trial on the merits, the court held that it had jurisdiction of the action and granted the plaintiff's motion for a temporary injunction. This appeal followed.
There can be no doubt but that the court did have jurisdiction of that part of the suit which put in issue the validity and infringement of the patent. But since the trade-mark is unregistered and there is no diversity jurisdiction, the cause of action based on its alleged infringement or on its misuse is not by itself within the jurisdiction of a federal court. Nor did its joinder with the cause of action on the patent suffice to give the district court jurisdiction with Hurn v. Oursler, 289 U.S. 238, 53 S.Ct. 586, 77 L.Ed. 1148, or within Sec. 1338(b) of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1338(b), which reflects the so-called Hurn v. Oursler doctrine. This is so because rights in issue under the patent and those under the trade-mark are not so ancillary to the patent jurisdiction of the court as to be but an incident of that. Armstrong Paint & Varnish Works Co. v. Nu-Enamel Corp. 305 U.S. 315, 325, 59 S.Ct. 191, 83 L.Ed. 195; Zalkind v. Scheinman, 2 Cir., 139 F.2d 895, certiorari denied, 322 U.S. 738, 64 S.Ct. 1055, 88 L.Ed. 1572; Derman v. Stor-aid, Inc., 2 Cir., 141 F.2d 580, 584, dismissed, 323 U.S. 805, 65 S.Ct. 25, 89 L.Ed. 643. Even though the trade-mark may have been applied to some of the articles claimed to be covered by the patent, the different rights still rest upon the different facts essential to their establishment.
The alleged misuse of the patent, however, does not fail within the same jurisdictional restrictions. This misuse lay in the defendants' claimed giving of notices to the plaintiffs and to its customers that the plaintiffs' articles of manufacture, which were sold to those customers, infringed the patent, and the defendants' failure to bring suit on the patent within a reasonable time thereafter to vindicate their assertions of infringement. The validity and scope of the patent and the right of the plaintiffs, notwithstanding it, to conduct their business as they have, are here involved. This cause of action is, therefore, within Sec. 1338(b) of the Judicial Code and the court has jurisdiction of it. See E. Edelmann & Co. v. Triple-A Specialty Co., 7 Cir., 88 F.2d 852, certiorari denied, 300 U.S. 680, 57 S.Ct. 673, 81 L.Ed. 884; Mitchell & Weber, Inc. v. Williamsbridge Mills, D.C., S.D.N.Y., 14 F.Supp. 954.
But though there was jurisdiction to issue the temporary injunction granted the plaintiffs, the effect of it was to give them a substantial part of the relief they sought in advance of a trial on the merits. As to their right to that, a more complete statement of the facts, as shown by this record, is necessary.
The defendants have been manufacturing and selling plastic toys, puzzles and novelties since 1939, the corporate defendant having been organized in 1938. The patent in suit was granted to defendant Steinhardt in October 1939 for a puzzle made of six interlocking pieces which in the whole may take various forms. He has owned it ever since it was granted and the defendants have since manufactured and sold puzzles they claimed to be covered by it. In 1946 the plaintiffs began to manufacture and sell plastic toys and novelties, including plastic puzzles. This was several years after one of them, Kaplan, had some discussion with the individual defendant concerning the business in general and apparently some fruitless discussion about Kaplan's obtaining an interest in the defendants' business.
On January 16, 1948, the defendants' attorney gave Kaplan notice by letter that the plaintiffs were infringing the above mentioned patent and the defendants' trade-mark 'Lucky' by making and selling what they called a 'Lucky Football Puzzle Key Chain' and demanded immediate assurance that the plaintiffs would stop doing so and would pay the damages already caused. The plaintiffs' attorney replied denying infringement and notifying him 'to desist from such acts and activities.' The defendants' attorney also advised three of plaintiffs' customers in 1948, the last such notice being given on May 3rd, of the claimed infringement of the patent by the plaintiffs. Defendants did not bring suit on the patent, however, and so far as appears made no further charges of infringement until on September 20, 1949, they wrote another of plaintiffs' customers advising it that the plaintiffs were infringing their patent, saying 'we intend to institute proceedings for Patent infringement' and asking 'your co-operation in order to avoid unpleasant situations which might involve you in court actions between the infringer and ourselves.'
The plaintiffs brought this suit on October 7, 1949. It is asserted in an affidavit in opposition to the plaintiffs' motion for a temporary injunction that no suit was brought against the plaintiffs because of the expense involved, because of the pendency of another patent application by the individual defendant on which he would like to sue at the same time if suit were brought and because 'during about the last five or six months of 1948 and until very recently, that is until about the 15th of September of this year, I was unaware of any sales by Mr. Kaplan and his partner of the football puzzle referred to in Mr. Price's letters and therefore believed that they had discontinued the manufacture and sale of these puzzles.'
The judge did not consider such excuses an adequate explanation of the defendants' failure to sue in vindication of their rights as asserted in the notices, which he accordingly found to have been given in bad faith. He thus granted the temporary injunction.
As will be seen, this phase of the appeal turns on whether such a finding was justified on this record, since it is not an actionable wrong for one in good faith to make plain to whomsoever he will that it is his purpose to insist upon what he believes to be his legal rights, even though he may misconceive what those rights are. Eastern States Petroleum Co., Inc. v. Asiatic Petroleum Corporation, 2 Cir., 103 F.2d 315. And this has long been recognized in respect to patent rights. Kelley v. Ypsilanti Dress-Stay Mfg. Co., C.C.E.D. Mich., 44 F.19, 23, 10 L.R.A. 686; Virtue v. Creamery Package Mfg. Co., 8 Cir., 179 F. 115, 120. As was observed when the judgment in the case last mentioned was affirmed by the Supreme Court, 227 U.S. 8, 37-38, 33 S.Ct. 202, 208, 57 L.Ed. 393, 'Patents would be of little value if infringers of them could not be notified of the consequences of infringement * * * '.
While the privilege to try by notice to persuade acquiescence in one's assertions of his rights may not be exercised in bad faith, some confusion has at times crept into findings of bad faith because the distinction between the lack of an honest belief in the legal rights asserted and the lack of any intention to vindicate them by a timely suit has not been kept clear. Unreasonable lapse of time after notice given is evidence of lack of intention to sue and, to a lesser degree, of lack of an honest belief in the validity of the asserted right. Before the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C.A. § 2201, became effective and was construed to permit suit for declaration of invalidity or noninfringement, unreasonable delay in bringing suit after notice was alone sufficient to end the privilege. It really made no practical difference, as long as the giver of the notice could alone decide whether and when suit would be brought, whether he honestly believed in his rights but was unwilling to sue for some other reason or whether he was unwilling to sue because he was too doubtful of them to risk litigation. Consequently, unreasonable lapse of time without suit after notice would lay the basis for an injunction against further notices. Adriance, Platt & Co. v. National Harrow Co., 2 Cir., 121 F. 827.
We have no hesitation in reaching the conclusion that this record contains no substantial evidence to show that the defendants did not and do not reasonably believe that their patent is valid and has been infringed as they have asserted. The patent is presumptively valid; the Patent Office file wrapper and contents of the patent show, defendants' counsel avers, that all of the claims of the patent were allowed, as filed, without the citation of any prior art; and the allegations of infringement do not appear to be frivolous. Thus, the only evidence of bad faith is the defendants' failure to sue promptly. But the plaintiffs have continuously had a plain and complete remedy for any wrong done them, in that they could have brought this suit whenever they pleased after the first notice was given, instead of waiting as they did, since an actual controversy between the parties existed at least during all that time. Any delay in putting the defendants' asserted rights to the test of actual litigation was, therefore, only what the plaintiffs chose to permit, and, as the suit is as timely as they choose to make it, their motion for a temporary injunction stands no differently than it would have if the defendants had sued promptly after notice given.
This, of course, is not to say that failure to bring suit within a reasonable time, when coupled with other evidence indicating a lack of honest belief in the legal rights asserted, will not support a finding of bad faith. Perhaps Betmar Hats, Inc. v. Young America Hats, Inc., 2 Cir., 116 F.2d 956, where it was not effectively contradicted that the plaintiff had designed the hats claimed by defendants to infringe their design patent before the defendants had made the design, is a case where there was such other evidence. At least, it does not appear from it that the effect of the Declaratory Judgment Act was considered. Here, we hold, it was an abuse of discretion to grant an injunction before trial on the merits.
Injunction dissolved and cause remanded.


The Master of Arts in Children's Literature Program is co-sponsoring a lecture on June 12th by Dr. Ian Horton of the London School of Communication called "Colonialist Stereotypes and Narrative Form in European Comic Books." It will be a very exciting lecture.
You are invited to join us at noon on Monday, October 3 for a special lecture on a a cultural and spiritual landmark.
"An Eighty-Year journey: The Making of the King James Bible" will be presented by Professor R. Gerald Hobbs, Emeritus Professor of Church History & Music, Vancouver School of Theology.
This event is held in conjunction with an exhibition – entitled The 400th Anniversary of the King James Bible 1611-2011 – that is on display at UBC Library's Rare Books and Special Collections division.
For more about the event and to register, please visit here.


The shear adhesion force of PLMI stabilizes at maximum for several seconds and then decreases sharply, while the shear adhesion force of velcro reaches its maximum and then decreases directly. Figure 5 c,d shows the actual bearing weight of PLMI with the length of 8 cm is 17.3 kg, which is double the weight the velcro can bear.
The reinforcing tape shall be made of 3/4-inch cotton tape weighing not less than 0.18 ounce per linear yard and having a minimum (minimum) Front pad (2): Lower section 5.25 oz. each 3.50 oz. each. Upper section 3.75 oz Buoyant apparatus with a rectangular cross-section must have corners rounded to a radius of at least 75 mm (3 in.).
3/8" #4 #8 #16 #30 #50 Woven cotton fabric for waterproofing shall meet ASTM D173. [top of page] Contents. Where 1/4" deep corrugations are permitted by AASHTO M 36, the maximum pitch of the corrugations shall be 1 7/8". Where 3" x 1" corrugations are required, the Contractor will be permitted to use 5" x 1" corrugations.


Statement of purpose has been always an integral part of your application to any graduate school. It becomes even more important if you are applying for a study abroad position. Different universities have different specifications. However, every university will include a statement of purpose as one of the components for its application. More importantly, in this regard, the statement of purpose is given a lot of importance and a clearly written SOP can really help your application to succeed. So do pay attention to the following points to understand how you can write a winning SOP to study abroad.
Secrets to write a winning SOP: Students find it extremely difficult to understand what they are supposed to write when faced with the challenge of writing such a document. So if you have clarity on this aspect then naturally you get a head start.
Explaining the rationale behind choosing to study abroad: Universities, especially the top ones, are very particular in this regard. As now more often than not studying aboard has become like a norm that every student just aspires to without having any clarity on why they really want to go abroad to study. If the rationale for you are clear in your head, then write that down first. If you lack clarity, then talk to your present professors/teachers/mentors or parents or just well-wishers to be completely sure why you want to go for an internship to abroad. Don't follow a mob and demonstrate that you are not part of it in the first few lines.
Pay attention to the academic aspect: The admission team will look for that you have the urge to put in the hard yards to learn and excel in the program you are applying to. So do mention why you want to choose the course you have selected and how much interest you truly have for that.
Explicate why you are choosing the particular school or university: It is important that you demonstrate that you are choosing the particular school for some reasons and not because this is the best option you have at your disposal. Every university wants students who are really eager to come into their space. For this, you need to either know about the fortes of the school you are applying to or you need to do some extra research to equip yourself on that aspect. Believe it putting in this effort will really pay you on the long run.
Focus on your personal traits: It is important to highlight the traits of your own personality. Schools prefer that as it helps them decide whether you would be a good fit for their program. You can bring in your personal life details if you think these are relevant or are important for the course you are applying. As contexts of different countries are different, these details also help the admission team to understand the background from where you are coming. Your background actually works in your favour in getting the position, especially if you are from a developing part of the world or from an underprivileged section of the society.
Elaborate on your goals: Let them know what are your long term career or academic goals and how you see the program is going to help you achieve those. If you manage to show some continuity in your choices, then universities generally prefer that as that you ensure you will be more motivated towards the particular course.
Write a great closing paragraph: After elaborating on all the points, it is important that you end the document on a high note. You should make sure that you have manage to retain attention to your document throughout. Make a quick summary of your points and once again elaborate why you really want to attend the course in the school if given an opportunity.
Write, edit, re-write: Ensuring that you have followed all the aforementioned points would may not be enough. A winning SOP should be well-written and it should read smoothly. For that, the best strategy is to go through the cycle of 'write, edit, re-write' several times. You should also try to read the document from a fresh mind each and every time to find out better ways of putting each and every sentence. You can also exchange your write up with your friends to comment on each other writings. Pay attention to punctuation and never neglect the importance of punctuation in your essays or SOP.
Concluding remarks: Remember to be innovative and imaginative while writing your SOP. As long as you manage to present a strong case of your candidature don't shy away from taking any diversion from the delineated structure. Study abroad programs, particularly in reputed universities are very competitive and thus you need to really work hard to get into your desired program. Try to write the letter separately for each program and each school, as that significantly increases your chances of writing that winning SOP.
This entry was posted in Academics and tagged Statement of purpose to study abroad. Bookmark the permalink.


The mode of action has been investigated in cell-culture and animal experiments. This disruption of the atherosclerotic plaque then exposes the atheronecrotic core to arterial blood, which induces thrombosis.
The associations were consistent among the 3 ethnic groups of the IRAS. A clear rock painting in Ginga Wardelirrhmeng, on the northern edge of the Arnhem Land plateau, from the freshwater period  that had begun years ago  shows a didgeridoo player and two songmen participating in an Ubarr Ceremony.
Pain on pressure was reduced The combination of fibrinolytic and antithrombic properties appear to be effective and two large scale tests on heart patients have shown a practically complete elimination of thrombosis.
But the Holocausts do not prove that Whites are worse than other people, just that they are no better. Some practicing music therapists have held PhDs in fields other than, but usually related to, music therapy. The study was an open, dose-ranging postal study in volunteers who had been recruited through newspaper and magazine articles.
Abstract After a short description of the uses of pineapple as folk medicine by the natives of the tropics, the more important new pharmaceutical applications of bromelain, reported between andare presented.
Music is also viewed differently between Africa and Western countries. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the mode of action of Bromelain and gives an overview about its practical applications from a sports-medical point of view.
On multivariate analysis, those with elevated CRP levels 75th percentile [2. Inscription on the back in German: These activities may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic actions of curcumin and its analogs.
Indeed there is now clinical evidence that depression is a common antecedent of Alzheimer's disease and may be an early manifestation of dementia before the cognitive declines becomes apparent.
She has met with great success in working with many international organizations, and in the training of therapists, educators, and doctors. Music therapists strive to engage clients in music experiences that foster trust and complete participation over the course of their treatment process.
Such changes may help to explain why major depression is a frequent prelude to dementia in later life. Each open access journal delivers the latest updates in the respected research area in various formats so that subscribers can access the same through various options.
The centre in Bergen has 18 staff, including 2 professors and 4 associate professors, as well as lecturers and PhD students. You can help by adding to it.
Recently, some components of the insulin resistance syndrome IRS have been related to inflammatory markers. We hypothesized that specific proteolytic removal of CD molecules by bromelain would inhibit neutrophil migration to IL-8 and thus decrease acute responses to inflammatory stimuli.
In a recent issue of the JCI, Hattori et al. Po of injured muscles from T were lower than Po from control muscles at 3 and 7 d P less than 0.
Insulin sensitivity S I was measured by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and CRP was measured by a highly sensitive competitive immunoassay.
A degree in music therapy requires proficiency in guitar, piano, voice, music theory, music history, reading music, improvisation, as well as varying levels of skill in assessment, documentation, and other counseling and health care skills depending on the focus of the particular university's program.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. As with all dietary supplements, those who are pregnant or nursing should consult their physician prior to taking this product.
A clear rock painting in Ginga Wardelirrhmeng, on the northern edge of the Arnhem Land plateau, from the freshwater period  that had begun years ago  shows a didgeridoo player and two songmen participating in an Ubarr Ceremony. Equality psychos are tearing down the most egalitarian society that ever existed except for initial communist experiments, before they turned bloody.
The mechanisms of this success are yet to be fully understood. Seaprose S caused no adverse reactions.Gmail is email that's intuitive, efficient, and useful. 15 GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. As a follow-up to Tuesday's post about the majority-minority public schools in Oslo, the following brief account reports the latest statistics on the cultural enrichment of schools in Austria.
Vienna is the most fully enriched location, and seems to be in roughly the same situation as Oslo. Many thanks to Hermes for the translation from teachereducationexchange.com Fellows with Governor and Mrs Hurley at Parliament House.
Fellowship Journeys. NSW Churchill Fellows All New South Wales Fellows who have received Churchill Fellowships are listed in the following table. Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Click Go. Your browser will take you to a Web page (URL) associated with that DOI name.
Send questions or comments to doi. Description The course is designed to give the student an in-depth understanding of the soil as a three-phase system (solid, liquid, gas).
A basic knowledge of soil. OMICS International publishes + Open Access Journals in the fields of Clinical, Medical, Life Science, Pharma, Environmental, Engineering and Management.


Let me say thank you for taking the time to checkout this page and my forthcoming book, path To Abundant Living: Financial Truths For Christians. The book is expected to be released sometime in late in July or very early August. I will keep you posted on the exact publishing date.
The book does deal with certain issues that Christians have to come to grips with. However, you may find some of the thinking and attitudes may also apply to you.
You will receive a solid introduction to financial issues and problems that should be navigated in order to successfully grow and prosper financially.
Feel free to follow and like me on Facebook. By connecting on Facebook you will receive timely and important financial information that can benefit you and those around you.


The UNT Ice Hockey team provides a fun and positive environment for all UNT students to develop their hockey skills. We provide coaching for those new to the game as well as a very competitive game schedule for those who have played at a high level of hockey. We play Texas schools such as UT, Texas A&M, UTSA, and SMU. We also play out of state teams such as Arkansas, and attend out of state showcases. For any fan of hockey that would like to support the club, all home games are held at the Dr. Pepper Starcenter in Farmers Branch. Admission is free. Check out our website for the competition schedule.


text:
Gatwick drone drama shows how even unarmed UAVs can cause economic chaos and risk to life.
Anna Jackman
Aviation, Opinion, Drones
Cheap, powerful, and more widely used by greater numbers of people, drones are causing a headache at supposedly secure locations worldwide.
One of the amazing things about the recent drone incident at London Gatwick is that the appearance of two unmanned aerial vehicles flying into operational runway space prompted the closure of Britain's second-busiest airport for more than a day. With further sightings of drones, Gatwick only reopened to limited service after a 36-hour interruption, and those responsible for operating the drone remain at large.
With more than 110,000 passengers on 760 flights due to depart Gatwick on just one of the affected days, these drone incursions have left a trail of disruption behind them.
This is by no means the first incident of drones causing problems at airports — there have been similar incidents in Canada, Dubai, Poland and China. But the event at Gatwick is unusual in both the length of its duration and the presence and repeated use of multiple drones.
The growing availability and affordability of consumer drones means that risks to airports, and other secure spaces will rise — and the counter-measures currently deployed against them leave room for improvement and need to be more widely adopted.
Unclear motives
A study by the Remote Control Project estimates that around 200,000 drones are being sold for civilian use around the world every month. Readily available from a range of online and high-street outlets, drones are becoming more commonplace and more affordable for the hobbyist.
As they move from a niche product to a more mainstream device, they have also caught the eye of growing number of hostile groups — and state militaries as well as terrorists and other non-state actors are increasingly deploying drones on the battlefield.
The Islamic State, for example, has used drones to drop explosives, to observe and direct fire for others, and to capture footage for propaganda. Elsewhere drones have been used to cause disruption at home, such as the drone "assassination attempt" on the Venezuelan president, Nicolas Maduro, in August 2018.
The incident at Gatwick has not been labelled a "terrorist event", but whether "criminal, careless, or clueless" it demonstrates that even consumer drones can cause risk to life and economic activity, despite being unarmed.
Deliberate disruption
Sussex Police have referred to the at-large drone pilot's actions as "deliberate disruption". At a recent Countering Drones conference I spoke precisely about how both consumer and DIY drones may be flown and modified to do this. Delegates at the conference debated, lamented and reflected on the potential responses to such deliberate disruptions, considering their potential effects on crowds, sensitive infrastructure, or at political events.
The presence of an unknown drone can both unnerve and cause panic — and this could be further amplified, considering the potential for drones to be outfitted with weapons, or means to disperse hazardous materials.
In seeking to future proof how we think about drones and their risks, it is worth considering how drone technology and software is developing. There are now intelligent flight modes that allow drones to track and follow designated individuals, basic swarming functionalities that allow multiple drones to act in coordination, and the livestreaming of images to social media, meaning that drones can potentially be used for live propaganda.
Bringing down rogue #drones is tricky - but increasingly important. Unsurprising that already in 2016, US spent almost 10% of its drone R&D funding on funding of anti-drone measures. pic.twitter.com/o4oFyZ5fNQ
— Ulrike E Franke (@RikeFranke) December 20, 2018
Countermeasures
A question frequently asked is, for example at Gatwick, why don't the police shoot down the drone? While armed police were present and joined by specialists from the armed forces, apprehending operators remains difficult because of their distance from their drone. It is dangerous to shoot down a drone due to the risks of falling objects and stray bullets, but due to their small size drones are also difficult to detect before they are close enough to become a problem.
There has been however a boom in the development of a range of countermeasures designed to stop drones. A recent report by Arthur Holland Michel of the Center for the Study of the Drone profiled more than 230 products produced by 155 manufacturers designed to counter drones.
Among them are those which seek to detect and alert users of approaching drones, to impede and stall drones through GPS and radio jamming or the embedding of electronic tagging and geo-fencing software, which prevent drones from being used near sensitive locations such as airports, prisons or power stations. There are also ways to to intercept and capture the drones using net-equipped drones and guns. Dutch national police have even trained eagles to intercept drones.
But counter-measures are inherently limited due to their implementation cost and cost-effectiveness — as well as by legislation that governs the electromagnetic spectrum in which they function. Numerous reports have shown how preventative defences built into drones such as geo-fencing or altitude restrictions can be tampered with, overridden, or even simply switched off.
So there remains a serious difficulty in enforcing drone use and apprehending those that act illegally, despite recent convictions of those using consumer drones to transport contraband into UK prisons. It's not the first time Gatwick Airport has had to contend with an errant drone, but this occasion should be a wake-up call to the need for reliable and affordable counter-measures, and the need to think more creatively about the potential risks posed by (multiple) drones more widely.🔷
(This piece was originally published on The Conversation UK.)
(Cover: Dreamtime/Dennizn - No drones zone sign and airplane at Montreal YUL airport.)
Lecturer in Political Geography at Royal Holloway University. Her current research revolves around the future drone city. Interested in the intersections between technology, warfare, and culture.
London, UK. ● Articles in PMP Magazine ● Website ● Twitter ●


The warmest smile; the kindest soul. In need of help. but none to be found. His mother's most favorite person in the world and a person full of love who was always there to help those in need.
Mitchell leaves behind a son who will now grow up without knowing the best things his father could provide to him, his love and his presence in his life.
It is unconscionable that a parent's best hope for help when a loved one is in the throes of addiction is that they are arrested and imprisoned. However, like many of us, it was his mother's last resort in an effort to keep him alive after seeking so many other options and finding none available. And, even that hope was dashed as Mitchel overdosed on Fentanyl before his sentencing and passed away.
"There are only small windows of opportunity when someone is in a place where they are willing to accept treatment. It is unacceptable that wait times are months long. Not enough is being done for people with this illness." Says Mitchell's mother. "Changing the outcome of this scenario for others is my greatest wish."


text: Precipitation extremes have a widespread impact on societies and ecosystems; it is therefore important to understand current and future patterns of extreme precipitation. Here, a set of new global coupled climate models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased from 2°x2° grid cells (typical resolution in the CMIP5 archive) to 0.25°x0.25° (tropical cyclone permitting). Analysis has been confined to the contiguous United States (CONUS). It is shown that, for these models, integrating at higher atmospheric resolution improves all aspects of simulated extreme precipitation: spatial patterns, intensities, and seasonal timing. In response to 2xCO2 concentrations, all models show a mean intensification of precipitation rates during extreme events of approximately 3%-4% K-1. However, projected regional patterns of changes in extremes are dependent on model resolution. For example, the highest-resolution models show increased precipitation rates during extreme events in the hurricane season in the U.S. Southeast; this increase is not found in the low-resolution model. These results emphasize that, for the study of extreme precipitation there is a minimum model resolution that is needed to capture the weather phenomena generating the extremes. Finally, the observed record and historical model experiments were used to investigate changes in the recent past. In part because of large intrinsic variability, no evidence was found for changes in extreme precipitation attributable to climate change in the available observed record.


A fund-raising event for CAMP JABBERWOCKY.
Undeterred by her cerebral palsy, charming college student Laila leaves India to study in New York and embarks on a journey of sexual discovery. Her exhilarating adventures cause a rift both within herself and with those she is closest to.
Post-show: Skype Q&A with Alexander Freeman, director of THE LAST TABOO (which focuses on the love lives of the physically-challenged). Mr. Freeman, who has cerebral palsy, is also a former camper from Camp Jabberwocky.


I'm in Chicago and will be live streaming Gene in an interview with Sarah Willis (horn in the Berlin Phil) as part of the legendary 'Horn Hangout' series this afternoon.
We'll be live with Gene at 6pm Chicago time.
Hope you can join us - your chance to ask Gene all your questions via the live chat.
Last edited by tubalux on Wed Mar 21, 2018 8:24 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Really enjoyed that special interview with Gene Pokorny, highly recommend watching once it is posted on the horn hangouts site!
He was pretty special! What a guy.
will the video be up soon?
tubalux wrote: He was pretty special! What a guy.
Great interview. I loved it!
Be sure you have an hour or so set aside to view this fantastic interview. Once you start watching, you won't be able to stop, they're that engaging and informative. Bravo!
Clickbait statement! Are you trolling us?
Fantasic. Seriously, this was great fun to watch. No BS, but also an entirely personable and humble guy.
That's interesting that Barenboim preferred the sound of the BBb. I wonder what type of tuba it was Gene had then?
doublebuzzing wrote: That's interesting that Barenboim preferred the sound of the BBb. I wonder what type of tuba it was Gene had then?
I'm not sure, but he's been showing off a Big Mouth Brass BBb lately.
[on this tangent] I let one of the Marine Band's tubists noddle on my VMI 3302 5-valve BBb once, and he remarked that if such a nice-playing BBb tuba had been available when he was in college, he would've never switched to CC.


text:
Thieffrain est une commune française, située dans le département de l'Aube en région Grand Est, Thieffrain se situe sur le territoire champenois. Au-delà des plaines crayeuses, monotones débouchant vers l'est sur la Champagne humide.

Thieffrain fait partie du canton d'Essoyes. Ses habitants sont appelés les Thieffinois, Thieffinoises.

Géographie

Thieffrain est à environ  au sud-est de Paris,  de Troyes,  de Colombey-les-deux-Églises. La Boderonne prend sa source à Thieffrain située à 179 mètres d'altitude et se jette dans la Barse, elle-même affluent de rive droite de la Seine, à Montreuil-sur-Barse. La commune est proche du parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient situé à .

Le terroir de Thieffrain est composé des hameaux suivants :  la Baudronne (à sa source), le Bouchot, la Briqueterie, le Chauffour, les Flées, Ru Grojean, Ru Marie, Ru des Vignes, Mongain, la Motte, le Moulin du Bois, le Parc, le Petit Étang.

Toponymie
.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Thieffrain est une commune rurale. Elle fait en effet partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.
La commune est en outre hors attraction des villes.

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (70,5 % en 2018), une proportion identique à celle de 1990 (70,5 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (61,9 %), forêts (29,3 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (7,6 %), prairies (1 %), zones industrielles ou commerciales et réseaux de communication (0,1 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Histoire

L'Antiquité
Dans les archives, des traces de vie des Gaulois sur le finage de Thieffrain ont été découvertes. L'on a aussi trouvé une monnaie de Dioclétien, empereur romain (284-305) et une monnaie gauloise (le potin).

La conquête de la Gaule par Jules César ne s'accompagne en Champagne d'aucun évènement important. Les Gaulois  ont accepté rapidement la civilisation  de Rome. Indisciplinés de nature, ils se rendent compte des bienfaits de l'ordre romain. Les Romains imposèrent une administration qui avait modèle le monde par l'art, la culture et le progrès matériel. Les voies romaines sillonnent le pays, facilitant les échanges commerciaux. Dès le milieu du troisième siècle, les provinces gauloise sont envahies par des barbares et les pays champenois sont directement exposés aux excès de ces envahisseurs. La première incursion des Francs (hommes blonds aux yeux clairs, venant d'au-delà du Rhin) se produit en 253.

Pendant le Moyen Âge
 En 451 se produit la dernière grande invasion, le déferlement de ceux qui ont le plus frappé les esprits de l'époque : les Huns.
 En 511 : cette époque de troubles et de cruautés est celle où apparaît pour la première fois le nom de Champagne :
 DUCATUS CAMPANIAE : Duché de Champagne
 En 889 : les Normands prennent Troyes. Leurs exactions dans la région se poursuivent pendant vingt ans.
 En 954 : des hordes venues de Hongrie saccagent et pillent à leur tour la région troyenne.
 1104, 1125, 1148, 1179, 1201 : temps des Croisades. C'est à cette époque que l'on trouve trace de la construction de l'église de Thieffrain.
 Pendant la guerre de Cent Ans, Thieffrain fut occupée par les Anglo-navarrais de 1359 jusqu'au traité de Brétigny ().
 En 1559 le seigneur de Thieffrain se mit en tête d'une troupe et livra une bataille entre Beurey et Thieffrain. Ce combat eut pour résultat l'incendie du village, y compris le château de son seigneur, qui se trouvait dans un pré appelé la Motte situé entre la Boderonne et le ru, à l'ouest du quartier haut du pays.
 Pendant la Renaissance l'église de Thieffrain est agrandie.

Époque moderne
Au début du , on retrouve la trace des seigneurs de Thieffrain :
Dès 1603 le château échoit à Louise de Rochechouart, dame de Thiffrain, morte en 1589.
Les héritiers :
 Claude de Dinteville, veuve de François de Gazillac,
 Jeanne de Dinteville, veuve de Philibert de Choiseul Aigremont,
 Marguerite de Dinteville, veuve de François baron de Dammartin,
 Cléradins et Méau de Coligny, frères,
 François de Choiseul.
L'héritage des Dinteville fut alors dispersé par des ventes faites à divers particuliers. On ne sait qui devint acquéreur de Thieffrain.
 En 1622, un potier de terre Nicolas Mathieu, demeure à Thiffrain
 En 1631, il semble que la terre de Thiffrain appartienne à Claude de Dinteville, seigneur de Mesnil-Sellières et en partie de Bouranton, capitaine de cent hommes de pied lors de son mariage avec Antoinette de Marguenat.
 En 1656, Chales de Menisson, seigneur de Charley-Saint-Maure, maréchal de camp, puis lieutenant général des Armées du Roi, marié en 1639 à ladite Antoinette de Marguenat, douairière de Thieffrain, par son premier mariage et globalement attributaire du règlement de ses droits de succession.
 En 1679, l'adjudication de Thieffrain était poursuivie sur elle, alors veuve de Charles de Menisson.
 En 1656, il est fait mention de la maison seigneuriale de "La Mote" À Thieffrain. Le chevalier de Zeddes y demeurait lors de son mariage avec Madeleine Claude de Berulle.

Au , on retrouve encore trace des seigneurs de Thieffrain :
 1704-1705, Abraham de Menisson lieutenant colonel de cavalerie est adjudicataire,
 1759, Odard Louis Angenoust, Seigneur de Bailly et de Villechetif et sa sœur Marie-Jeanne, célibataire, partageront les successions de leur père Jean-Baptiste Angenoust, seigneur des dits lieux, mort en 1729, et leurs oncles :
 Odard Angenoust, seigneur de Villette, mort en 1740 et
 Odard, chanoine de Saint-Étienne, mort en 1745.
Ils laissèrent  dans l'indivision Vilelchetif, et le tiers de Thieffrain, qui dépendaient des dites successions.

De 1768 jusqu'en 1790, la famille de Zeddes vit à Thieffrain.
 En 1757, Louis de Zeddes, dit chevalier de Zeddes, capitaine d'infanterie, demeure au château avec sa sœur Marie-Anne de Zeddes.
 On note à Thieffrain, un premier vicaire en 1553, les autres en 1730 et au cours des années suivantes.
 En 1789, Thieffrain dépendait de l'intendance et de la généralité de Châlons, élection de Bar-sur-Aube, et du bailliage de Troyes. Pendant la période révolutionnaire, la commune a fait partie du canton de Marolles-les-Bailly jusqu'en l'an IX.

Au
 Le Bulletin des lois note : « Le certificat d'addition dont la demande a été déposée, le , au secrétariat de la préfecture du département de l'Aube, par le sieur Maître (Joseph), à Thieffrain, et se rattachant au brevet d'invention de quinze ans pris, le , pour un mode de fabrication de tuiles.»

Au

Politique et administration

Démographie

Évolution démographique

Pyramide des âges

En 2018, le taux de personnes d'un âge inférieur à  s'élève à 29,2 %, soit en dessous de la moyenne départementale (35,2 %). À l'inverse, le taux de personnes d'âge supérieur à  est de 24,6 % la même année, alors qu'il est de 27,7 % au niveau départemental.

En 2018, la commune comptait  pour , soit un taux de 50,65 % d'hommes, largement supérieur au taux départemental (48,59 %).

Les pyramides des âges de la commune et du département s'établissent comme suit.

Lieux et monuments

L'église paroissiale des  et

L'église de Thieffrain fut commencée au , puis incendiée. L'abside date de la fin du , ou du commencement du . Le transept date du , il y a deux traversées. La nef en forme de croix latine avec abside à cinq pans sera postérieure à cette date. L'église est dotée d'une cloche qui date de 1553 (elle est classée). Sous le vieux porche une Vierge-Mère de  de hauteur du  (classée). Un bahut sculpté du  (classé). Au côté nord une verrière représente l'arbre de Jessé (baie 9). Dans la chapelle sud, le Tableau : Portement de Croix  le Christ et sainte Véronique (Montée au calvaire), toile formant retable à l'autel du transept sud, de l'école flamande du . Il a été restauré en 1980.

De la même époque, dans la chapelle de la Vierge, le devant de l'autel en bois sculpté représente à gauche, la mort de saint Louis, en façade la mort de la Vierge et à droite, saint Louis rendant la justice sous un chêne. Un autre tableau représente le Christ en croix (le cadre est d'origine Louis XV).

Les tombeaux

 Le tombeau de Gabrielle de Saulx se trouve au pied de la chapelle sud ; on y lit sur la dalle funéraire :

 Un second tombeau, celui de René de Berle, date de 1735 : sur la dalle funéraire on lit :

Le décor intérieur de l'église

À droite de l'autel, une statue de saint Gengoult ou saint Gengon ou Gengoul, né à Varennes-sur-Amance en Champagne et mort assassiné en 760.

On trouve encore deux Vierges à l'Enfant :
 une sur l'autel de la Vierge
 une dans la tribune, toutes deux en calcaire du  ;

On doit à Valtat, le maître-autel de l'église,
Sculpture : Autel et retable de la Vierge, tabernacle (menuiserie)
Sculpture : Maître-autel et retable, exposition, tabernacle, cloison, Crucifixion Crucifixion

Parmi les tableaux de valeur dans l'église, trois toiles restaurées en 1989, datées de 1787 et ont été peintes par  Cossard :
Tableau : Fuite en Égypte
Tableau : Adoration des Mages les deux de Pierre Cossard
Tableau : Adoration des bergers

Les vitraux

Verrière ornementation : en écoinçon (cartouche), en fond (étoile)(2, baies 5, 6)
Verrière (verrière figurée) : diable, âme : Le mauvais larron, ange, Séraphin ; Crucifixion (baie 8).

Les peintures et statues

Panneau peint : Assomption
Statue : saint Mammès
Sculpture en bas-relief : Martyre de saint Étienne, saint Pierre, saint Paul

Le Retable des fonts baptismaux
 le Baptême du Christ : Baptême du Christ

Objets divers
 Sculpture : Christ en croix
 Calice
 Patène
 Le Calice et la Patène
 Le Ciboire
 Un Coffre (disparu)
 la Croix d'autel
 la Chaire à prêcher
 Le Bénitier

La chapelle saint Hilaire
Plus communément appelée ici, la Chapelle, qui connut autrefois la ferveur des chrétiens du village.

Pour ce qui concerne ses origines, il existe deux versions.

Voici celle de Roserot de Melin, dans le dictionnaire de la Champagne Méridionale :
Briqueterie, fontaine, chapelle, dépendent de la commune de Magnant. La tuilerie ou Briqueterie est en ruine.

Légendes locales

La légende de saint Mammès

L'église est sous le vocable de saint Mammès ou saint Mamas. Celui-ci, mort martyr à Césarée de Cappadoce, était déjà populaire au début du  dans tout l'Orient. C'était un simple berger, n'ayant pour fortune que sa houlette et une maigre besace. Ses reliques furent transférées au temps des Croisades d'une basilique de Constantinople à Langres en Champagne.

Mais à Thieffrain, on connaît la légende qui s'est transmise depuis de nombreuses générations à ce propos : le finage de Thieffrain s'enfonce en pointe dans celui de Magnant. Saint Julien qui demeurait à Magnant aurait dit à saint Mammès : Saint Mammes ne tenant pas compte de cet avertissement continua, et saint Julien, d'un coup de fourche, lui ouvrit le ventre. Saint Mammès revint mourir au village, tenant ses entrailles dans ses mains. La contrée où se passa le drame s'appelle "Le Tripier". Est-ce une coïncidence ? ...

La légende de saint Guengoult

Saint Gengoult (ou Gangolf) se trouve être le patron des maris trompés. Il vit le jour à Varennes-sur-Amance, près de Langres au début du . Issu d'une famille de très haute noblesse, il passa son enfance et sa jeunesse sage et studieuse auprès des siens. À l'étude des lettres, il joignit les exercices de la piété chrétienne. Maître d'une grande fortune à la mort de ses parents, il l'administra avec sagesse et prudence, rendant aux églises et aux pauvres ce que Dieu donnait.

Dans l'épouse qu'il prit, il ne trouva pas les qualités désirables de l'esprit et du cœur. Elle était légère, vaniteuse, mondaine, etc. Gengoult avait beaucoup de bravoure, il prit part aux guerres de Pépin le Bref. Sa femme, après s'être moquée de ses vertus, lui devint infidèle. Il s'en aperçut fut plongé dans une vive douleur et une grande perplexité. Il trouvait pénible de punir le crime et funeste de le laisser impuni.

Un jour, il crut bon d'avertir la coupable du soin qu'elle devait prendre pour conserver (ou recouvrer) son honneur. Cette misérable lui répondit avec impudence que les bruits répandus sur elle étaient injustes et sans fondement. « S'il en est ainsi répondit Gengoult, voici une eau limpide ni assez chaude, ni assez froide pour nuire. Plongez-y votre bras, si vous n'éprouvez aucun mal, vous serez innocente à mes yeux ». Elle s'empressa de fournir un témoignage si facile. Mais quand elle retira son bras la peau se détacha comme si on l'eut écorchée et la malheureuse ressentit des douleurs excessives. L'orgueil l'empêchant de s'avouer coupable, elle demeura dans un honteux silence. Gengoult lui dit : « Je pourrais vous livrer à la sévérité de la Loi, mais je préfère vous laisser la liberté d'expier vous-même dans la pénitence et les larmes, l'adultère dont le Ciel vient de vous convaincre. »

Ainsi Gengoult mit sa femme dans une de ses seigneuries et lui assigna un certain revenu pour sa subsistance. De son côté, il se retira dans un château qu'il avait auprès d'Avallon. De là, il l'exhortait souvent par lettre à expier ses fautes passées par une meilleure vie. Mais toutes ses remontrances furent inutiles, cette femme libertine continua ses désordres. Craignant que son mari donnât tous ses biens aux pauvres après sa mort, ou qu'il lui fît subir les rigueurs de la loi, elle en parla à son complice qui se chargea de l'exécution de Gengoult.

Cet assassin vint secrètement à la résidence de Gengoult, trouva le moyen d'entrer dans sa chambre lorsqu'il était seul et encore couché, prit l'épée qui était pendue près du chevet et leva le bras pour lui asséner un grand coup sur la tête. Gengoult s'étant réveillé à ce moment, para le coup qui le frappa seulement à la cuisse. Cette blessure fut mortelle. Gengoult eut le temps de recevoir les derniers sacrements et mourut le . Sur sa statue on peut voir à ses pieds un chien (signe de noblesse : seuls les nobles utilisaient les chiens pour la chasse). Saint Gengoult tient la peau de la main de sa femme telle un gant.

Saint Guengoult est honoré aussi en Lorraine à Toul (collégiale Saint-Guengoult), dans le Jura à Moissey et dans le Boulonnais à Fiennes et à Wierre-au-Bois par exemple.

Personnalités liées à la commune

À Thieffrain depuis 1954, Simone Lambert y a recueilli nombre de témoignages sur les événements, drôles ou dramatiques, dont les précédentes générations furent les témoins et qu'elle nous transmet en partie dans son ouvrage Thieffrain, Un village en Champagne.

Fêtes et animation locale

 Fête communale : le dimanche après le .
 Groupe folklorique champenois, « Les Oseries».

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de l'Aube

Liens externes

 Thieffrain sur le site de l'Insee

Commune dans l'Aube

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You are here » Home » News » What are the Best and Worst Performing Currencies Against the US Dollar?
What are the Best and Worst Performing Currencies Against the US Dollar?
•	Reserve Bank of Australia Considered a 50bp Rate Hike?!
With President's Day now behind us, volatility has returned to the currency and stock market. Having been up over 100 points intraday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average ended the day down 10 points. Long gone are the days of universal dollar strength or weakness. The US dollar sold off against most of the major currencies except for the British pound and Canadian dollars. The best performing currency today was the Australian dollar and Swiss Franc which benefitted from the $22 dollar jump in gold prices and signs that Australian interest rates will head higher. The Canadian dollar and the British pound on the other hand were the worst performing currencies against the dollar because next to the US, the most aggressive easing is expected to come from the UK and Canada. We only see cohesive price action when central banks around the world employ the same monetary policy of raising or lowering interest rates. Unfortunately when we have the Reserve Bank of Australia raising interest rates and the Bank of Canada lowering them, trading currencies has become much more complicated than being pro dollar or anti dollar. Tomorrow we have consumer prices due for release. Food and energy prices have been on a tear and for those reasons we expect consumer prices to rise as well. If CPI surprises to the upside, the best trades to take may be long USDCAD and short the GBPUSD. If CPI disappoints, expect the Australian dollar to continue to be one the currency market's best performers. The NAHB housing market index rebounded in the month of February due to an increase in buyer traffic. We do not that think the rise in the homebuilder's survey will be repeated in building permits and housing starts. With interest rates and house prices declining, bottom fishers are slowly beginning to sniff out the inventory, but just because they are sniffing does not mean that they are buying.
There has been no data released from the UK today and as we expected, the Northern Rock story continued to weigh on the British pound. Nationalization is never good news for a developed country and the credibility of the UK government which has already been dealt a serious blow will come under more fire in the coming weeks. In the meantime, there could be a potential for a British pound recovery over the next 24 hours. The Bank of England will be releasing the minutes from their latest monetary policy meeting, along with money supply figures and the CBI Industrial Trends Survey. Although the Bank of England cut interest rates by 25bp earlier this month, the accompanying statement and Quarterly Inflation Report released last week was not extremely dovish. Even though BoE Governor King recognized the downside risks to growth in the Quarterly report, he raised the bank's inflation forecast and warned that near term inflation will continue to breach their 2 percent goal while running the risk of breaching the government's 3 percent limit. If inflation rises beyond 3 percent, King would be obligated to write a letter of explanation to Alistair Darling, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. With this even being a remote possibility, it will be difficult for King to justify another rate cut.
Visit the British Pound Currency Room for the latest support and resistance levels.
Reserve Bank of Australia Considered a 50bp Rate Hike?!
According to the minutes released by the Reserve Bank of Australia last night, the central bank actually considered raising interest rates by 50bp earlier this month. Since the middle of January, the Australian dollar has rallied over 600 pips because Australia is the only developed country that is raising interest in an environment where everyone is else is lowering them. Today's announcement is icing on the cake for Australian dollar bulls. With a booming economy and rising inflation pressures, the RBA only opted to raise rates by 25bp because the financial markets are still unstable and they can always tighten further in March. Central bank Assistant Governor Edey expects inflation to continue to rise, which means that another 11 year high in interest rates is practically a given next month. The Canadian dollar on the other hand fell sharply today disappointing CPI and wholesale sales numbers. Despite the fact that oil futures touched $100 a barrel intraday, the Canadian economy is getting progressively worse while the strength of the Australian economy continues to catch everyone by surprise. For that reason, on a percentage basis, AUD/CAD was the day's best performing currency pair.
Tell us what you think about the loonie on the Canadian dollar Forum.
One of the main reasons why the European Central Bank refuses to cut interest rates is inflation. Tomorrow, their hawkish stance may be validated by the German producer price report, which should have increased materially last month. Like the rest of the world, the Eurozone will be affected by the recent rise in food and energy prices. The futures market currently expects the European Central Bank to cut interest rates by 50 to 75bp this year. German PPI will help to determine whether those expectations are overly aggressive. Meanwhile, the Swiss franc is stronger across the board thanks to the rise in gold prices and the optimistic tone of the Swiss National Bank. According to their annual report, the SNB believes that the private consumption will remain strong, leaving a favorable outlook for the Swiss economy.
Visit the Euro Currency Room for resources dedicated specifically to the Euro.
Since the beginning of the month, the Yen crosses have been trapped within a wide trading range, making it frustrating and difficult for anyone still long carry. In fact, the only carry trade currency that is trading at a level higher than it began this month is AUD/JPY. Volatility in the financial markets continues to be very high, which has made it very difficult for carry trades to recover. We believe that this will remain true until we see some stability in the US economy.
Visit the Japanese Yen Currency Room for resources dedicated specifically to the Euro.


In this one day workshop, participants will experience a taste of the BodySoul Method first developed by Marion Woodman, Jungian Analyst, Mary Hamilton, Body & Movement, and Ann Skinner, Voice Teacher.
The morning will be spent in discussions on Jung's View of the Soul, Marion Woodman's groundbreaking teachings of Embodied Soul, and Dreamwork. The afternoon will be spent exploring natural movement in the body with voice work followed by expressive art pulling the day's work together.
This workshop will be co-facilitated by Caryn Aman, MA and Margaret Greene, MS.
To register for this one day workshop, call Caryn at (503) 430-8750 or email her at ca@carynaman.com or call Margaret at (503) 926-2490 or email her at margaret@myjourneyway.com.
location: the Center for Spiritual Wellbeing...7100 SW Hampton St., ste 126, portland, or 97223.


Get detailed information about the Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co Ltd () stock including price, charts, technical analysis, historical data, Zhengzhou Mining Machinery reports and more.
.CNkey executives, insider trading, ownership, revenue and average growth rates. Detailed company description & address for Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co. Ltd..
Contact Brant Wright directly; View Brant's Full Profile. Not the Brant you're looking for? ... Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd. View profile.
Name Description; Chengyao Jiao: Mr. Jiao Chengyao has been serving as Chairman of the Board in Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd since December.
View Brant Wright's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. ... Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd. View profile.
Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co. Ltd.
Stock analysis for Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co Ltd (:Hong Kong) including stock price, stock chart, company news, key statistics, fundamentals and company profile.


These 5 issues destroy Veterans' quality of life after service.
Separating from the Military and coming home is supposed to be a joyful, fulfilling experience. It doesn't work out that way for most Veterans. Transition can be a long road, filled with obstacles and not everyone makes it. 22 Veterans die each day in the United States from Suicide but that is just the tragic end of the journey, not the cause. Know your risk factors and have a plan for addressing these common pitfalls most Veterans face.
The scientific community knows more than ever about the causes and symptoms of PTSD but treatment options are noticeably absent. Most treatment protocols can only address the symptoms with medication. Some treatments claim to address the root cause by helping the patient process the precipitating event with tools like Virtual Reality.
Perhaps the most effective way to deal with PTSD day-to-day is simply to understand the nature of the condition. PTSD is, at it's core, a past event that has warped the lens with which we see the world. We begin to see the future through that lens that we developed at the most traumatic moment in our lives. It skews the way we see the world and, left unchecked, can infect every aspect of life.
Depression is the single most diagnosed condition in the world and still, Veterans are dis-proportionally at risk. Depression, Anxiety and PTSD share a lot of common sypmtoms so it can be difficult to unpack which symptoms are caused by each condition. A Veteran suffering from depression might suffer from low energy, anxiety, sadness, lost appetite, loss of interest, depressed mood and suicidal thoughts or actions.
At it's core, depression is a lamentation of the past. There is often a disconnect between how we think of ourselves and something that we've done (or not done) in the past. Many Veterans are put in impossible situtations where they had to do something they never thought they could do. Their image of themselves and their character has been shattered and it becomes impossible to move forward.
Again, Anxiety shares symptoms with other conditions on this list. Anxiety often works hand-in-glove with PTSD to cause irrational fear of social situations, stress, anger, paranoia and a powerful physiological response. Veterans suffering from Anxiety may notice an avoidance of situations that illicit anxiety and can become increasingly shut off socially as a result.
Anxiety is a most commonly a fear of the future. Veterans have an especially compelling reason for anxiety. They have seen the ugliness of the world and know that bad things happen to good people. They may also feel a fear of the future because, at some level, they are still expecting to pay for the 'sins' of the past.
Chronic Pain is a major problem for many Veterans. Chronic Pain isn't always precipitated by a major injury (though that is common in the Military). Sometimes years after separation, Veterans who were healthy throughout their whole time in service feel their bodies starting to fall apart. Chronic pain in the joints, muscle tissue and back are common and can add additional stress.
It's no wonder shy Veterans are turning to self-medication. Many are suffering from not one but all of these conditions and more. Lack of access to sufficient medical care and the constant physical and mental pain can be an overwhelming reason to self-medicate. It's easy to reach for a cigarette or alcohol or food or other distractions to ease some of the suffering. The habits can quickly turn into an addiction and begin causing health problems of their own and reinforcing the symptoms of the other conditions.


text:
Polifosfati su soli ili estri polimernih oksianjona koji su formirani od tetraedarskog PO4 fosfata,  strukturne jedinice koja je vezana za zajednički atom kiseonika. Polifosfati mogu imati linearnu ili prstenastu strukturu.  U biološkim procesima i supstancama,  polifosfatni estri adenozin-difosfat (ADP) i ATP uključeni su u skladištenje energije. Mnoštvo polifosfata ima primenu u mineralnim sekvestracijama komunalnih voda, uglavnom u količinama 1 do 5 ppm. GTP, CTP i UTP su takođe važni nukleotidi u sintezi proteina i lipida, kao i metabolizmu ugljenih hidrata.

Struktura

Struktura tripolifosforne kiseline ilustruje načela koja definišu strukture polifosfata. Sastoji se od tri tetraedarne PO4 jedinice povezane zajedničkim kiseoničnim centrima. Za linearne lance, fosforna grupa na kraju ima jedan zajednički oksid, a ostali fosfori u centrima dele dva oksidna centra. Odgovarajući fosfati se pretvaraju u kiseline gubitkom kiselih protona. U slučaju cikličnih trimera, svaki tetraedar deli dva čvora sa susjednim tetraedrom.

Postoje tri zajednička moguča ugla. Ovaj motiv predstavlja umrežavanje linearnog polimera. Umreženi polifosfati imaju listaste strukture filosilikata, ali takve strukture javljaju se samo u ekstremnim uslovima.

Formiranje i sinteza

Polifosfati nastaju polimerizacijom derivata fosforne kiseline. Proces počinje sa dve fosfatne jedinice koje ulaze u zajedničku kondenzacijsku reakciju:
2 HPO42−   P2O74− + H2O
Kondenzacija je prikazana kao ravnotežna zato što je takođe moguća povratna reakcija, hidroliza. Proces se može nastaviti postepeno: u svakom koraku, na lanac se dodaje naredna jedinica PO3, kao što je označeno u zagradama u ilustraciji polifosforne kiseline. P4O10 se vidi kao krajnji proizvod kondenzacijskih reakcija, gde svaki tetraedar ima tri zajednička ugla sa ostalima. Nasuprot tome, složena mešavina polimera nastaje kada se fosfor-pentoksidu dodaje mala količina vode.

Kiselinsko-bazna i kompleksacijska svojstva
Polifosfati su slabe baze. Usamljeni par elektrona na atomu kiseonika može biti doniran jonu vodonika (protonu) ili metalnom jonu putem tipičnih interakcija Luisovih kiselina i baza. To ima duboko značenje u biologiji. Na primer, oko 25% adenozin-trifosfata je protonisano u vodenom rastvoru pri pH 7.
ATP4− + H+   ATPH3−, pKa  6.6
Dalje protonacije javljaju se na nižim pH vrednostima.

"Visokoenegetska" fosfatna veza
ATP formira helatne komplekse sa metalnim jonima. Konstanta stabilnosti za ravnotežu
ATP4− + Mg2+  MgATP2−, log β  4
posebno je velika. Formiranje kompleksa magnezijuma je ključni element u procesu hidrolize ATP, jer slabi vezu između terminalne fosfatne grupe i ostatka molekula.

Po biološkim standardima, otpuštena energija u hidrolizi ATP,
ATP4− + H2O → ADP3− + Pi−
ΔG  –36,8 kJ mol−1 je velika. Pi je lanac neorganskih fosfata, koji je protonisan pri biološkom pH vrednostima. Međutim, po neorganskim standardima ta energija nije velika. Termin "visokoenergetski" se odnosi na činjenicu da je relativno visoka za količine energije oslobađene u  organsko hemijskim reakcijama koje se odvijaju u živim sistemima.

Visokopolimerni neorganski polifosfati

Dobro su poznati polifosfati sa visokom  molekulskom masom. Jedan takav derivat je staklasta (i.e. amorfna) Grahamova so. Kristalni polifosfati visoke molekularne težine uključuju Kurolovu i Madrelovu so. Ti molekuli imaju formulu [NaPO3]n[NaPO3(OH)]2, gde n može biti veće od 2000. U pogledu njihove strukture, ovi polimeri se sastoje od PO3– "monomera", sa lancima koji se završavaju protoniziranim fosfatima.

Prirodni polifosfati
L. Liberman je 1890. dodine pronašao visoko-polimerne neorganske polifosfate u živim organizmima. Ova jedinjenja su linearni polimeri koji sadrže od nekoliko do više stotina ortofosfornih ostataka povezanih energetski bogatim fosfoanhidridnim vezama.

Ranije su ova jedinjenja smatrana "molekularnim fosilima" ili kao samo fosfor i izvor energije za opstanak mikroorganizama pod ekstremnim usloviima. Za njih se sada zna da imaju i regulatorne uloge i da se nalaze u predstavnicima svih carstava živih organizama, gde učestvuju u metaboličkim korekcijama i kontroli na genetičkim i enzimatskim nivoima. Polifosfati su  direktno učestvuju u prebacivanju iz genetičkog programa koji karakteriše eksponencijalna faze rasta bakterija u program ćelijskog opstanka pod stacionarnim uslovima, "života u sporoj liniji". Oni učestvuju u mnogim regulatornim mehanizama bakterija:

 Učestvuju u indukciji rpoS, RNK-polimerazne podjedinice koja je odgovorna za izražavanje velike grupe gena koji učestvuju u korekcijama stacionarne faze rasta i mnogih stresnih agenasa.
 Važni su za mobilnu pokretljivost, formiranje biofilma i virulencije.
 Polifosfati i eksopolifosfataza učestvuju u regulaciji nivoa oskudnog responsnog faktora, gvanozin 5'-difosfat 3'-difosfata (ppGpp), koji je sekundarni glasnik u bakterijskim ćelijama.

 Polifosfati učestvuju u formiranju kanala kroz žive ćelijske membrane. Ti kanali koje formiraju polifosfat i poli-B-hidroksibutirat sa Ca2+ učestvuju u transportnim procesima u različitim organizmima.
 Važna funkcija polifosfata u mikroorganizmima (prokariotima) i nižim eukariotama je prilagođavanje na promene uslova životne sredine pružajući fosfate i energetske rezerve. Polifosfati su prisutni u životinjskim ćelijama, i dostupna je znatna količina podataka o njihovom učešću u regulatornim procesima tokom razvića i ćelijskoj proliferaciji i diferencijaciji; a posebno u koštanim tkivima i mozgu.

Kod ljudi je pokazano da polifosfati igraju ključnu ulogu u koagulaciji krvi. Nakon što ih proizvedu i oslobode trombociti oni aktiviraju faktor XII koji je esencijalan za formiranje krvnih ugrušaka. Osim toga, polifosfati izvedeni iz  trombocita aktiviraju faktora XII (Hagemanov faktor) zgrušavanja krvi koji inicira formiranje fibrina i stvaranje jednog od proinflamatornih posrednika, bradikinina, koji doprinosi  curenju iz krvnih sudova i trombozi.

Neorganski polifosfati imaju ključnu ulogu u toleranciji ćelija kvasca na toksičnost teških metalnih katjona.

Vidi još
Fosforna kiselina
Natrijum-trimetafosfat
Natrijum-heksametafosfat

Reference

Spoljašnje veze

Фосфати
Полимери


November 29, 2011 | Includes updates and/or revisions.
That's exactly how one enormous room on the ground floor of the Chicago Public Library's main branch functions. And this noisy library model is expanding around the country. The Miami-Dade Public Library in Florida is opening a high-tech teen room in December. The Hartford Public Library of Connecticut will open one next year. Four museums and eight libraries—from California to Missouri to Pennsylvania—recently received a total of $1.2 million in grants to design new teen spaces for the digital age.
The grants come at a time when public libraries are slashing hours, staff and budgets, but are still trying to engage younger visitors by spending money on technology.
Bryd says he sometimes takes out books or critiques movies and games for the website he created with friends.
Stripling is also concerned about the isolating effect that technology can have.
The sites receiving the new planning grants are located in Houston, New York, Philadelphia and San Francisco, as well as in smaller cities and towns in Colorado, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Tennessee. They'll be co-funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, an initiative of the federal government, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. One of the MacArthur Foundation's goals is to promote the use of technology in schools and other educational environments.
Chicago's YOUmedia lab was developed in partnership with the Digital Youth Network, a digital literacy program based at DePaul University in Chicago, and designed with help from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. It opened as an experiment in 2009 at a cost of $1.2 million for the first year and was based on the research of Mizuko Ito, a cultural anthropologist at the University of California-Irvine and co-author of Hanging Out, Messing Around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media (MIT Press, 2009). Ito's contention is that children and young adults are more likely to come up with new and creative ideas when they're surrounded by stimulating technology that they can play with in a relaxed, social setting.
Since the opening of the YOUmedia lab, the Chicago library has been bringing in up to 100 teenagers a day. They must have a library card to check anything out; they also must be of high-school age.
Video games are considered an educational tool and the librarian is a self-described "gamer." Library staff say the games are specifically selected to foster complex problem-solving skills. Grand Theft Auto III—which encourages players to "rob, steal and kill"—is not in the collection, but Rock Band is.
Teenagers also use the space to practice music, something for which Marcus Prince, a 17-year-old high-school senior, is particularly grateful. His hip-hop band, "Instrumentality," records and plays regularly in the lab.
"Harvard Planning a National Digital Public Library," February 9, 2011.
"Study: Library Computers Serve Key Ed. Role," April 7, 2010.