text:
package api

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"github.com/pingcap/errcode"
	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
	"github.com/pingcap/kvproto/pkg/metapb"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/apiutil"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/errs"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/pkg/typeutil"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/server"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/server/config"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/server/core"
	"github.com/tikv/pd/server/core/storelimit"
	"github.com/unrolled/render"
)

// MetaStore contains meta information about a store.
type MetaStore struct {
	*metapb.Store
	StateName string `json:"state_name"`
}

// StoreStatus contains status about a store.
type StoreStatus struct {
	Capacity           typeutil.ByteSize  `json:"capacity"`
	Available          typeutil.ByteSize  `json:"available"`
	UsedSize           typeutil.ByteSize  `json:"used_size"`
	LeaderCount        int                `json:"leader_count"`
	LeaderWeight       float64            `json:"leader_weight"`
	LeaderScore        float64            `json:"leader_score"`
	LeaderSize         int64              `json:"leader_size"`
	RegionCount        int                `json:"region_count"`
	RegionWeight       float64            `json:"region_weight"`
	RegionScore        float64            `json:"region_score"`
	RegionSize         int64              `json:"region_size"`
	SlowScore          uint64             `json:"slow_score"`
	SendingSnapCount   uint32             `json:"sending_snap_count,omitempty"`
	ReceivingSnapCount uint32             `json:"receiving_snap_count,omitempty"`
	IsBusy             bool               `json:"is_busy,omitempty"`
	StartTS            *time.Time         `json:"start_ts,omitempty"`
	LastHeartbeatTS    *time.Time         `json:"last_heartbeat_ts,omitempty"`
	Uptime             *typeutil.Duration `json:"uptime,omitempty"`
}

// StoreInfo contains information about a store.
type StoreInfo struct {
	Store  *MetaStore   `json:"store"`
	Status *StoreStatus `json:"status"`
}

const (
	disconnectedName = "Disconnected"
	downStateName    = "Down"
)

func newStoreInfo(opt *config.ScheduleConfig, store *core.StoreInfo) *StoreInfo {
	s := &StoreInfo{
		Store: &MetaStore{
			Store:     store.GetMeta(),
			StateName: store.GetState().String(),
		},
		Status: &StoreStatus{
			Capacity:           typeutil.ByteSize(store.GetCapacity()),
			Available:          typeutil.ByteSize(store.GetAvailable()),
			UsedSize:           typeutil.ByteSize(store.GetUsedSize()),
			LeaderCount:        store.GetLeaderCount(),
			LeaderWeight:       store.GetLeaderWeight(),
			LeaderScore:        store.LeaderScore(core.StringToSchedulePolicy(opt.LeaderSchedulePolicy), 0),
			LeaderSize:         store.GetLeaderSize(),
			RegionCount:        store.GetRegionCount(),
			RegionWeight:       store.GetRegionWeight(),
			RegionScore:        store.RegionScore(opt.RegionScoreFormulaVersion, opt.HighSpaceRatio, opt.LowSpaceRatio, 0),
			RegionSize:         store.GetRegionSize(),
			SlowScore:          store.GetSlowScore(),
			SendingSnapCount:   store.GetSendingSnapCount(),
			ReceivingSnapCount: store.GetReceivingSnapCount(),
			IsBusy:             store.IsBusy(),
		},
	}

	if store.GetStoreStats() != nil {
		startTS := store.GetStartTime()
		s.Status.StartTS = &startTS
	}
	if lastHeartbeat := store.GetLastHeartbeatTS(); !lastHeartbeat.IsZero() {
		s.Status.LastHeartbeatTS = &lastHeartbeat
	}
	if upTime := store.GetUptime(); upTime > 0 {
		duration := typeutil.NewDuration(upTime)
		s.Status.Uptime = &duration
	}

	if store.GetState() == metapb.StoreState_Up {
		if store.DownTime() > opt.MaxStoreDownTime.Duration {
			s.Store.StateName = downStateName
		} else if store.IsDisconnected() {
			s.Store.StateName = disconnectedName
		}
	}
	return s
}

// StoresInfo records stores' info.
type StoresInfo struct {
	Count  int          `json:"count"`
	Stores []*StoreInfo `json:"stores"`
}

type storeHandler struct {
	*server.Handler
	rd *render.Render
}

func newStoreHandler(handler *server.Handler, rd *render.Render) *storeHandler {
	return &storeHandler{
		Handler: handler,
		rd:      rd,
	}
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Get a store's information.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {object} StoreInfo
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 404 {string} string "The store does not exist."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id} [get]
func (h *storeHandler) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	store := rc.GetStore(storeID)
	if store == nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusNotFound, server.ErrStoreNotFound(storeID).Error())
		return
	}

	storeInfo := newStoreInfo(h.GetScheduleConfig(), store)
	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, storeInfo)
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Take down a store from the cluster.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Param force query string true "force" Enums(true, false), when force is true it means the store is physically destroyed and can never up gain
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "The store is set as Offline."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 404 {string} string "The store does not exist."
// @Failure 410 {string} string "The store has already been removed."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id} [delete]
func (h *storeHandler) Delete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	_, force := r.URL.Query()["force"]
	err := rc.RemoveStore(storeID, force)

	if err != nil {
		h.responseStoreErr(w, err, storeID)
		return
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "The store is set as Offline.")
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Set the store's state.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Param state query string true "state" Enums(Up, Offline)
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "The store's state is updated."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 404 {string} string "The store does not exist."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id}/state [post]
func (h *storeHandler) SetState(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	stateStr := r.URL.Query().Get("state")
	var err error
	if strings.EqualFold(stateStr, metapb.StoreState_Up.String()) {
		err = rc.UpStore(storeID)
	} else if strings.EqualFold(stateStr, metapb.StoreState_Offline.String()) {
		err = rc.RemoveStore(storeID, false)
	} else {
		err = errors.Errorf("invalid state %v", stateStr)
	}

	if err != nil {
		h.responseStoreErr(w, err, storeID)
		return
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "The store's state is updated.")
}

func (h *storeHandler) responseStoreErr(w http.ResponseWriter, err error, storeID uint64) {
	if errors.ErrorEqual(err, errs.ErrStoreNotFound.FastGenByArgs(storeID)) {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusNotFound, err.Error())
		return
	}

	if errors.ErrorEqual(err, errs.ErrStoreTombstone.FastGenByArgs(storeID)) {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusGone, err.Error())
		return
	}

	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
	}
}

// FIXME: details of input json body params
// @Tags store
// @Summary Set the store's label.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Param body body object true "Labels in json format"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "The store's label is updated."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id}/label [post]
func (h *storeHandler) SetLabels(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	var input map[string]string
	if err := apiutil.ReadJSONRespondError(h.rd, w, r.Body, &input); err != nil {
		return
	}

	labels := make([]*metapb.StoreLabel, 0, len(input))
	for k, v := range input {
		labels = append(labels, &metapb.StoreLabel{
			Key:   k,
			Value: v,
		})
	}

	if err := config.ValidateLabels(labels); err != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(err))
		return
	}

	_, force := r.URL.Query()["force"]
	if err := rc.UpdateStoreLabels(storeID, labels, force); err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
		return
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "The store's label is updated.")
}

// FIXME: details of input json body params
// @Tags store
// @Summary Set the store's leader/region weight.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Param body body object true "json params"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "The store's label is updated."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id}/weight [post]
func (h *storeHandler) SetWeight(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	var input map[string]interface{}
	if err := apiutil.ReadJSONRespondError(h.rd, w, r.Body, &input); err != nil {
		return
	}

	leaderVal, ok := input["leader"]
	if !ok {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "leader weight unset")
		return
	}
	regionVal, ok := input["region"]
	if !ok {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "region weight unset")
		return
	}
	leader, ok := leaderVal.(float64)
	if !ok || leader < 0 {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad format leader weight")
		return
	}
	region, ok := regionVal.(float64)
	if !ok || region < 0 {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad format region weight")
		return
	}

	if err := rc.SetStoreWeight(storeID, leader, region); err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
		return
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "The store's label is updated.")
}

// FIXME: details of input json body params
// @Tags store
// @Summary Set the store's limit.
// @Param ttlSecond query integer false "ttl". ttl param is only for BR and lightning now. Don't use it.
// @Param id path integer true "Store Id"
// @Param body body object true "json params"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "The store's label is updated."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /store/{id}/limit [post]
func (h *storeHandler) SetLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	storeID, errParse := apiutil.ParseUint64VarsField(vars, "id")
	if errParse != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(errParse))
		return
	}

	store := rc.GetStore(storeID)
	if store == nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, server.ErrStoreNotFound(storeID).Error())
		return
	}

	var input map[string]interface{}
	if err := apiutil.ReadJSONRespondError(h.rd, w, r.Body, &input); err != nil {
		return
	}

	rateVal, ok := input["rate"]
	if !ok {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "rate unset")
		return
	}
	ratePerMin, ok := rateVal.(float64)
	if !ok || ratePerMin <= 0 {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid rate which should be larger than 0")
		return
	}

	typeValues, err := getStoreLimitType(input)
	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
		return
	}
	var ttl int
	if ttlSec := r.URL.Query().Get("ttlSecond"); ttlSec != "" {
		var err error
		ttl, err = strconv.Atoi(ttlSec)
		if err != nil {
			h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
	for _, typ := range typeValues {
		if ttl > 0 {
			key := fmt.Sprintf("add-peer-%v", storeID)
			if typ == storelimit.RemovePeer {
				key = fmt.Sprintf("remove-peer-%v", storeID)
			}
			h.Handler.SetStoreLimitTTL(key, ratePerMin, time.Duration(ttl)*time.Second)
			continue
		}
		if err := h.SetStoreLimit(storeID, ratePerMin, typ); err != nil {
			h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "The store's label is updated.")
}

type storesHandler struct {
	*server.Handler
	rd *render.Render
}

func newStoresHandler(handler *server.Handler, rd *render.Render) *storesHandler {
	return &storesHandler{
		Handler: handler,
		rd:      rd,
	}
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Remove tombstone records in the cluster.
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "Remove tombstone successfully."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /stores/remove-tombstone [delete]
func (h *storesHandler) RemoveTombStone(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	err := getCluster(r).RemoveTombStoneRecords()
	if err != nil {
		apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, err)
		return
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "Remove tombstone successfully.")
}

// FIXME: details of input json body params
// @Tags store
// @Summary Set limit of all stores in the cluster.
// @Accept json
// @Param ttlSecond query integer false "ttl". ttl param is only for BR and lightning now. Don't use it.
// @Param body body object true "json params"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "Set store limit successfully."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /stores/limit [post]
func (h *storesHandler) SetAllLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var input map[string]interface{}
	if err := apiutil.ReadJSONRespondError(h.rd, w, r.Body, &input); err != nil {
		return
	}

	rateVal, ok := input["rate"]
	if !ok {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "rate unset")
		return
	}
	ratePerMin, ok := rateVal.(float64)
	if !ok || ratePerMin <= 0 {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid rate which should be larger than 0")
		return
	}

	typeValues, err := getStoreLimitType(input)
	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
		return
	}

	var ttl int
	if ttlSec := r.URL.Query().Get("ttlSecond"); ttlSec != "" {
		var err error
		ttl, err = strconv.Atoi(ttlSec)
		if err != nil {
			h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
			return
		}
	}

	if _, ok := input["labels"]; !ok {
		for _, typ := range typeValues {
			if ttl > 0 {
				if err := h.SetAllStoresLimitTTL(ratePerMin, typ, time.Duration(ttl)*time.Second); err != nil {
					h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
					return
				}
			} else {
				if err := h.SetAllStoresLimit(ratePerMin, typ); err != nil {
					h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
					return
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		labelMap := input["labels"].(map[string]interface{})
		labels := make([]*metapb.StoreLabel, 0, len(input))
		for k, v := range labelMap {
			labels = append(labels, &metapb.StoreLabel{
				Key:   k,
				Value: v.(string),
			})
		}

		if err := config.ValidateLabels(labels); err != nil {
			apiutil.ErrorResp(h.rd, w, errcode.NewInvalidInputErr(err))
			return
		}
		for _, typ := range typeValues {
			if err := h.SetLabelStoresLimit(ratePerMin, typ, labels); err != nil {
				h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
				return
			}
		}
	}

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "Set store limit successfully.")
}

// FIXME: details of output json body
// @Tags store
// @Summary Get limit of all stores in the cluster.
// @Param include_tombstone query bool false "include Tombstone" default(false)
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {object} string
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /stores/limit [get]
func (h *storesHandler) GetAllLimit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	limits := h.GetScheduleConfig().StoreLimit
	includeTombstone := false
	var err error
	if includeStr := r.URL.Query().Get("include_tombstone"); includeStr != "" {
		includeTombstone, err = strconv.ParseBool(includeStr)
		if err != nil {
			h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
	if !includeTombstone {
		returned := make(map[uint64]config.StoreLimitConfig, len(limits))
		rc := getCluster(r)
		for storeID, v := range limits {
			store := rc.GetStore(storeID)
			if store == nil || store.IsTombstone() {
				continue
			}
			returned[storeID] = v
		}
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, returned)
		return
	}
	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, limits)
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Set limit scene in the cluster.
// @Accept json
// @Param body body storelimit.Scene true "Store limit scene"
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "Set store limit scene successfully."
// @Failure 400 {string} string "The input is invalid."
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /stores/limit/scene [post]
func (h *storesHandler) SetStoreLimitScene(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	typeName := r.URL.Query().Get("type")
	typeValue, err := parseStoreLimitType(typeName)
	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
		return
	}
	scene := h.Handler.GetStoreLimitScene(typeValue)
	if err := apiutil.ReadJSONRespondError(h.rd, w, r.Body, &scene); err != nil {
		return
	}
	h.Handler.SetStoreLimitScene(scene, typeValue)
	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, "Set store limit scene successfully.")
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Get limit scene in the cluster.
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {string} string "Set store limit scene successfully."
// @Router /stores/limit/scene [get]
func (h *storesHandler) GetStoreLimitScene(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	typeName := r.URL.Query().Get("type")
	typeValue, err := parseStoreLimitType(typeName)
	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
		return
	}
	scene := h.Handler.GetStoreLimitScene(typeValue)
	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, scene)
}

// @Tags store
// @Summary Get stores in the cluster.
// @Param state query array true "Specify accepted store states."
// @Produce json
// @Success 200 {object} StoresInfo
// @Failure 500 {string} string "PD server failed to proceed the request."
// @Router /stores [get]
func (h *storesHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	rc := getCluster(r)
	stores := rc.GetMetaStores()
	StoresInfo := &StoresInfo{
		Stores: make([]*StoreInfo, 0, len(stores)),
	}

	urlFilter, err := newStoreStateFilter(r.URL)
	if err != nil {
		h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
		return
	}

	stores = urlFilter.filter(rc.GetMetaStores())
	for _, s := range stores {
		storeID := s.GetId()
		store := rc.GetStore(storeID)
		if store == nil {
			h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, server.ErrStoreNotFound(storeID).Error())
			return
		}

		storeInfo := newStoreInfo(h.GetScheduleConfig(), store)
		StoresInfo.Stores = append(StoresInfo.Stores, storeInfo)
	}
	StoresInfo.Count = len(StoresInfo.Stores)

	h.rd.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, StoresInfo)
}

type storeStateFilter struct {
	accepts []metapb.StoreState
}

func newStoreStateFilter(u *url.URL) (*storeStateFilter, error) {
	var acceptStates []metapb.StoreState
	if v, ok := u.Query()["state"]; ok {
		for _, s := range v {
			state, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
			}

			storeState := metapb.StoreState(state)
			switch storeState {
			case metapb.StoreState_Up, metapb.StoreState_Offline, metapb.StoreState_Tombstone:
				acceptStates = append(acceptStates, storeState)
			default:
				return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown StoreState: %v", storeState)
			}
		}
	} else {
		// Accepts Up and Offline by default.
		acceptStates = []metapb.StoreState{metapb.StoreState_Up, metapb.StoreState_Offline}
	}

	return &storeStateFilter{
		accepts: acceptStates,
	}, nil
}

func (filter *storeStateFilter) filter(stores []*metapb.Store) []*metapb.Store {
	ret := make([]*metapb.Store, 0, len(stores))
	for _, s := range stores {
		state := s.GetState()
		for _, accept := range filter.accepts {
			if state == accept {
				ret = append(ret, s)
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return ret
}

func getStoreLimitType(input map[string]interface{}) ([]storelimit.Type, error) {
	typeNameIface, ok := input["type"]
	var err error
	if ok {
		typeName, ok := typeNameIface.(string)
		if !ok {
			err = errors.New("bad format type")
			return nil, err
		}
		typ, err := parseStoreLimitType(typeName)
		return []storelimit.Type{typ}, err
	}

	return []storelimit.Type{storelimit.AddPeer, storelimit.RemovePeer}, err
}

func parseStoreLimitType(typeName string) (storelimit.Type, error) {
	typeValue := storelimit.AddPeer
	var err error
	if typeName != "" {
		if value, ok := storelimit.TypeNameValue[typeName]; ok {
			typeValue = value
		} else {
			err = errors.New("unknown type")
		}
	}
	return typeValue, err
}


text:
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2004 video by Placebo
Soulmates Never Die
(Live in Paris 2003)
Video by
Done and Dusted
Placebo chronology
(2003) Soulmates Never Die
(2004) Once More with Feeling: Videos 1996–2004
Soulmates Never Die (Live in Paris 2003) is a live DVD by English alternative rock band Placebo, recorded on 18 October 2003[1] at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris. It is the first DVD by Placebo that was released mainstream and made available worldwide. The DVD was released in the UK on 15 March 2004 and in the US and Canada on 29 June 2004.
5 Certifications
Tim DiGravina of AllMusic wrote that "the film is an intensely edgy portrait of Placebo as a trio of arena rock gods [...] [Brian Molko's] voice is still in fine form, his and Stefan Olsdal's guitars are as fierce and crunchy as ever, and Steve Hewitt's drumming is spot-on. Every one of the 21 songs is tackled with conviction and passion. Indeed, most of the songs sound fuller and better here than on their respective albums."[1]
"Bulletproof Cupid"
"Allergic (To Thoughts of Mother Earth)"
"Every You Every Me"
"Bionic"
"Protège-Moi" (French version of "Protect Me From What I Want")
"Plasticine"
"The Bitter End"
"Soulmates" (Heavier version of "Sleeping with Ghosts")
"Black-Eyed"
"I'll Be Yours"
"Special Needs"
"English Summer Rain"
"Without You I'm Nothing"
"This Picture"
"Special K"
"Taste in Men"
"Slave to the Wage"
"Peeping Tom"
"Pure Morning"
"Centerfolds"
"Where Is My Mind?" (Pixies cover featuring Frank Black)
Sleeping with Ghosts documentary: A 25-minute tour documentary of the band as they tour the world to promote their album. Includes backstage footage, parties and the band just hanging out.
Chicks with Dicks: Hidden in the "Audio" section of the DVD is an old live performance of "Where Is My Mind?", a Pixies cover, while the band is dressed-up in drag. To view this, one is to go to the 'Audio' section, highlight 'Stereo' and push the 'up' key, after which a French flag should appear. After pressing 'OK' the feature should begin playing.
Brian's B12's Tour: This is a humorous scene in which the cameras are focused on Brian. To view this, one is to go to the DVD 'main menu', highlight 'set list' and press the 'up' key, after which a French flag should appear. After pressing 'OK' the feature should begin playing.
Brian Molko – guitars, vocals, bass, keyboards, effects, harmonica, percussion
Stefan Olsdal – bass, guitars, keyboards, backing vocals
Steve Hewitt – drums, percussion
Bill Lloyd – bass, guitars, keyboards
Xavior Roide – keyboards, percussion, backing vocals
Austria (IFPI Austria)[2]
France (SNEP)[3]
Diamond 100,000*
Germany (BVMI)[4]
Gold 25,000^
Mexico (AMPROFON)[5]
^ a b Tim DiGravina. "Soulmates Never Die: Live in Paris 2003 - Placebo". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
^ "Austrian video certifications – Placebo – Soulmates Never Die" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
^ "French video certifications – Placebo – Soulmates Never Die" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Placebo; 'Soulmates Never Die')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved 14 January 2020. Type Placebo in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Soulmates Never Die in the box under TÍTULO
Soulmates Never Die (Live in Paris 2003) at Discogs (list of releases)
Brian Molko
Stefan Olsdal
Robert Schultzberg
Steve Hewitt
Steve Forrest
Black Market Music
Sleeping with Ghosts
Battle for the Sun
Extended Play '07
Once More with Feeling: Singles 1996–2004
A Place for Us to Dream
Live at Angkor Wat
Soulmates Never Die: Live in Paris 2003
Once More with Feeling: Videos 1996–2004
We Come in Pieces
"Bruise Pristine"
"Come Home"
"36 Degrees"
"Teenage Angst"
"Nancy Boy"
"You Don't Care About Us"
"Protège-Moi"
"Twenty Years"
"Because I Want You"
"Song to Say Goodbye"
"Infra-Red"
"Meds"
"For What It's Worth"
"Ashtray Heart"
"Bright Lights"
"Too Many Friends"
"Loud Like Love"
"Jesus' Son"
"I Feel You"
"Sleeping with Ghosts"
Fiona Brice
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soulmates_Never_Die_(Live_in_Paris_2003)&oldid=935761036"
Placebo (band) video albums
Live video albums
2004 video albums
2004 live albums
Articles needing additional references from February 2016
Use dmy dates from June 2014
Use British English from June 2014
Certification Table Entry usages for France
Certification Table Entry usages for Mexico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Greek Marble Initiative at the Ammon Zeus Hotel / Establishing our Boutique Hotel as an Art Destination!
The Ammon Zeus Hotel first large scale art exhibition took place within the premises of our hotel this August, signaling the beginning of a new era for our hotel where high quality accommodation and art go hand by hand.
The exhibition, which is still available for viewing, was a result of a collaboration between our hotel and the Greek Marble Initiative Project organized by Stavros Muronidis and Myro Gallery of Thessaloniki.
Featuring artists at the Ammon Zeus Hotel include Givi Michailidis, Gabriel Andronikidis as well as the renowned international artist Edward Fleming along with Sherry Tipton.
The most recognizable masterpiece at the exhibition is by far the award winning statue designed by Gabriel Andronikidis and with a pricelist of 120.000€. All statues featured within the premises of our hotel are strategically positioned in an effort to mix & match with the interior design as well as the natural environment including the presence of the sea, which is at the very heart of all our Ammon Zeus Hotel elements.
The hotel management is looking forward to host many other similar exhibitions in the near future in an effort to establish the Ammon Zeus Hotel as a luxury hotel art destination in its own right.
The exhibition is open for hotel as well as external guests for the whole remaining of the summer season!


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There are 71 franchisees servicing the suburb of Walkerville.


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Berea's Chestnut Street Champions assemble for a terrific roundtable, featuring Mae Suramek of Noodle Nirvana, Katie Startsman of Native Bagel, & Lindsay Windland & Drew Elliott of Clementine's Bake Shop.
Coffee & tea dynamic duo Lisle Adams of Shuffle Bean & Greg Brenner from IntegriTEA give us the lowdown on building the beverage biz.
While I love being able to play, tweak, and reinvent all sorts of food from all sorts of cultures, you gotta do it with respect, unlike these sad examples of cultural appropriation.
Bluegrass Farm to Table Local Food Coordinator Ashton Wright gives us the lowdown on the food ecosystem of the Bluegrass.
It's a family affair at Sunrise Bakery as Steve & Kristy Matherly tells us how they really feel about gluten-free, Girl Scout Cookies, and mothers-in-law.
For the sake of "order & hygiene," Bangkok's government is shutting down all all street food stalls by the end of 2017. What about food and culture? What about tourism? SAD.
Award-winning pastry chef, cookbook author, & Serious Eats editor Stella Parks talks tarts, temps, and her love of Oreos.
West Sixth Brewing co-founder Ben Self tells us why doing good is good for business and who he'd love to have a beer with.
Food News & Chews hosts Jeremy Ashby & Sylvia Lovely sure know their way around a mic & love to chat about food.
Follow the Culinary Evangelist - Never miss an episode!


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Cardi B Perfectly Shuts Down Backlash Over Billboard's Woman of the Year Title
"WAP" icon Cardi B has silenced the "cry babies" for complaining that she was named Billboard's Woman of the Year. See her name-drop "your grandma" in her savage response below.
By Lindsay Weinberg Nov 19, 2020 3:41 AMTags
CelebritiesCardi B
Watch: Cardi B Claps Back at "Cry Baby" Haters Over Billboard's Win
Cardi B don't cook, she don't clean, but let her tell you how she got this… Billboard Woman of the Year title.
The rapper is shutting down her "cry baby" haters for daring to question why she was given the coveted award.
On Wednesday, Nov. 18, Cardi did what she does best—proving people wrong, 'cause "I do what they say I can't." The "WAP" singer posted a video on Instagram of herself wearing a bathrobe and headband (natch) while explaining exactly why she deserved to be named Billboard's Woman of the Year.
Cardi said, "For you cry babies like, 'What? She only got one song.' Yeah, I got THAT song, bitch. You know the one that sold the most, the one that streamed the most... The one that had your grandma popping her p---y on TikTok." Not to mention, she got Kylie Jenner to make a cameo in the starry music video for "WAP," which co-starred Megan Thee Stallion.
Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion Drop Star-Studded Music Video for "WAP"
She then explained how her activism in politics was just the cherry on top of her big year. "Using my money, my own money, to meet up with these candidates like Bernie [Sanders]. Flying out, tired after shows. Yeah that's me, bitch," she added. "I represent America. Okay. And I wanted a change and that's exactly what the f—k I did... I'm just that bitch. Eat it up with a spoon."
A post shared by Cardi B (@iamcardib)
Cardi dedicated the Insta caption to thanking her loyal fans. "Thank you BARDIGANG with out y'all encouraging while the world was against me and criticizing every move I wouldn't have gotten here everyday and use my voice for a change," the 28-year-old wrote.
Former winners of the Billboard Woman of the Year title include Selena Gomez, Ariana Grande and Billie Eilish.
Theo Wargo/Getty Images for Universal Pictures
Cardi has plenty of practice with fierce clapbacks, and recently shot back at a racist tweet that claimed she and Black artists "depreciate the value of a Hermés Birkin bag."
In response, the Reebok collaborator reminded fans, "Actually, we add value because in hip hop, when we mention brands in hip-hop, they s--t go up." She also pointed out the double standard because "Y'all don't do this to these white celebrities."
But fans stan a queen that knows when to back down, too. And after Cardi was accused of cultural appropriation by the Hindu community this month, she fully apologized for her goddess-inspired magazine cover. She admitted, "That was not my intent. I do not like disrespecting nobody's religion."
Cardi, who recently revealed the NSFW reason she got back together with husband Offset, will be honored at Billboard's 2020 Women in Music Event on Dec. 10. She'll be joined by 2020 E! People's Choice Award winner Jennifer Lopez, as well as COVID vaccine hero Dolly Parton, as honorees.
How Was This Important Detail Left Out of Cheer?


Body length 5.5-6.6 mm. Body width 2.9-3.2 mm. Head basic color black. Antennae filiform, bi- or tricolored, antennomeres 1-3 pale olivine, antennomeres 4-8 gradually infuscated, antennomeres 9-10 sulphur yellow, antennomere 11 cinnamon brown. Maxillary palpi black or amber brown, labrum black. Pronotum yellow or mustard yellow, subquadrate, nonfoveate, shagreened with minute wrinkles. Scutellum black. Elytra yellow or rufous, maculate, with five black or amber brown spots on each elytron, one humeral, one around scutellum, one in the middle and two behind middle. Elytral epipleura completely yellow, sutural angle of elytra round, punctation scattered, fine. Abdomen yellow. Tarsi and tibiae black, femora yellow or yellow ocher. Aedeagus symmetric, with four internal sac sclerites.
Diabrotica relicta Suffrian is very similar to D. undecimpunctata tenella LeConte and D. venancia Bechyné. Internal sac of aedeagus allows distinguishing these species with confidence.


The City of Angels looms large in Turner's new series, At Water: Los Angeles, released as a book through Fourteen-Nineteen. There's a patina of smoke and haze, of desert-weather days and concrete heat rising up, swirling around the collection. It shrouds the shabby cars and massive freeways, floats about the faces of the characters living in this distinctive environment. The images tell of Turner's journey, one year spent documenting LA's urban sprawl, almost mapping it out using the lay of the land.
At Water could also be asking some fundamental questions about America, as the sun sets on its economic prowess and its society sinks a bit lower towards the poverty line. Are a lot of its former features now becoming irrelevant? The wide expanse of the USA, with its time-worn 'freedom for all' philosophy is perfectly crystallised in Turner's Los Angeles, a city where hopes are more likely than ever to be dashed and the American Dream is sold even as it deteriorates.
There's an image in the book of a group of LA cops, stood in the shade of the palm trees, discussing a plan, or perhaps just trying to stay cool. Do they sense the struggle of maintaining order in a society losing its foundations? The overgrown infrastructure and tired vehicles of Turner's photographs could also act as a symbol of economic decline – once markers of success and prosperity, they now hint at the collapse of the auto industry and its far-reaching effects on modern life in the States.
A sighing look at Los Angeles is probably its truest angle right now, and whether or not it's meant to, Turner's personal view of its hazy landscapes and portraits show it perfectly.
Nathanael Turner's At Water: Los Angeles, launches this weekend at the Fourteen-Nineteen table as part of the NY Art Book Fair.


All four of this evening's Under 13 League Cup quarter-finals were washed out because of the weather. All four will be played now on Monday 22 May 2017, instead.
Another open-to-all club-hosted Kwik Cricket festival has been added to the schedule, Greenock CC hosting one on 4 June 2017 at its "Glenpark" ground. The full schedule is online here.
A full list of all festivals is online here.
A mixed bag of weather across the west region this evening claimed one casualty, when the Under 11 League match between Ayr CC and Poloc CC was abandoned near the midpoint of the second innings, the Alloway club having posted 109 for 8 batting first, Devraj Bandopadhyay having taken 3 for 13 for Poloc CC. However other matches in this the youngest hardball competition did beat the rain, Glasgow Accies CC defeating Greenock CC by 48 runs at New Anniesland, Uddingston CC sneaking past Stenhousemuir CC by just 5 runs, and Kilmarnock CC beating East Renfrewshire CC by 32 runs. In the first of these, Glasgow Accies CC's Rory Paterson scored 19 not out, with team-mates Faatima Gardee and Vishruth Joshi both taking a brace of wickets. There were also however, disappointingly, two concessions on this the first night of Under 11 League action: East Kilbride CC conceding to Clydesdale CC and Vale of Leven CC doing the same to Ferguslie CC.
In the Under 15 League, there were wins for Ayr CC, Clydesdale CC and Stenhousemuir CC. Ayr CC's win came at Shawholm on Glasgow's southside, the visitors winning by seven wickets with two balls to spare. The batters dominated in this match with Sohaib Shah (75*), Rafay Khan (53) and Richie Simpson (76*) each making half centuries. Conversely, Clydesdale CC's win at Titwood against the Ferguslie|Kelburne combined side was much more comprehensive, the margin of victory of ten wickets being achieved inside eight overs. For the victors, Struan Walker scored 52 not out from just 21 deliveries, this after Cameron McLean had anchored the combined side's innings with 44 not out. The third result reported in the Under 15 League saw West of Scotland CC lose out to Stenhousemuir CC at Hamilton Crescent, the win coming with just three balls left for the visitors. West of Scotland CC's 123 for 8 centered on Edson McCall's 54 and John Greene's 34, Stenhousemuir CC's Davie Drysdale taking 4 for 2. In the Stenhousemuir CC reply, their successful run-chase included contributions from Sahil Thakur (28) and Calum Grant (27).
Updated league tables are online.
Kelburne CC has notified the WDJCU that it is withdrawing from the Under 14 League. All scheduled matches against Kelburne CC have, therefore, be voided.
There were two scheduled Under 13 League Cup preliminary round matches this evening. In the match reported on, at Hamilton Crescent in Glasgow, it was the home side, West of Scotland CC, that came out on top and progressed to the next round of the competition, defeating visitors, and near neighbours, Glasgow Accies CC by 26 runs. Batting first the home side posted 80 for 8, with John Greene top-scoring with 21. In reply the New Anniesland youngsters slumped to 54 all out, Greene starring again, this time with the ball, taking 4 for 23. The result of the Helensburgh CC and Vale of Leven CC match was awaited at the time of posting.
All five scheduled Under 15 League matches were played this evening in a gloriously clear early Summer weather across the west district. The first result reported was the Ferguslie|Kelburne combined side's win over Glasgow Accies CC at Whitehaugh, the Paisley youngsters completing a comfortable nine-wicket win, by chasing down 101 to beat their visitors with six overs to spare. Glasgow Accies CC's total reaching three figures was almost entirely due to Jack McCamley-Wilding's 57, Reiss Wylie taking a "3-for" as 100 for 9 was posted. In the successful run-chase, there was a second half century record, Shahzad Ahmad scoring 50 not out. Over in Glasgow's West End, another comibined side – this time Greenock|Helensburgh – was also recording an opening day win, beating West of Scotland at Hamilton Crescent by two wickets in a more closely-fought encounter. Batting first, West of Scotland CC posted 105 for 9, a target surpassed by the combined side with eleven balls in hand, six wickets down. Also in Glasgow, Clydesdale CC were winners over Ayr CC, this game seeing the second nine-wicket winning margin of the evening. Ayr CC's 61 for 6 was never likely to be enough, and so it transpired as the Titwood youngsters knocked off the runs required for the win inside ten overs, David Sturgess with 29 not out. The final match played was at The Tryst, and saw Poloc CC beat Stenhousemuir CC by 14 runs, having posted 94 for 5 batting first. Sohaib Shah top-scored with 32, and Abdul Malik contributed late innings runs with an unbeaten 30. Then in their defence of their total, the visitors from Glasgow's southside nipped out eight home batters – including four in four balls – to see Stenhousemuir CC finish on 80 for 8. Two Poloc CC bowlers took "3-for's": Hassaan Mehmood (3 for 8) and Nabeel Khan (3 for 22). All the results can be seen online, as can league tables.
A revised schedule for Under 14 League matches for the 2017 season has been produced. The amendment arises because East Renfrewshire CC and Renfrew CC are now entering two, separate, teams in this league, instead of a joint team. Because there was an odd number of teams, the change is easily accommodated as Renfrew CC's now-stand-alone Under 14 team has been slotted in to the "space" that existed in each week's fixture card. Clubs' Junior Convenors have been notified of the change.
Cricket Scotland has released the draw for this season's Under 18 Scottish Cup. Featuring four west district clubs, the draw saw two – Clydesdale CC and Poloc CC – receive first round byes, with Greenock CC hosting Prestwick CC in the first round.
Cricket Scotland has released the draw for this season's NatWest Under 15 Qualifying Cup. Featuring five west district clubs, the draw saw Ayr CC drawn at home to Clydesdale CC in the preliminary round, with the winner hosting Stenhousemuir CC in round one. The other first round tie sees Greenock CC host Poloc CC.


This entry was posted in Illustration on April 16, 2019 by admin.
Tomorrow will be my first picture book "A Girl Named October" available in stores and online. Finally, the waiting is over…almost.
Please, print out and have fun!
This entry was posted in Illustration on April 1, 2019 by admin.
Can empathy be taught? The importance of empathy and its impact are explored in A Girl Named October. The title character, October, is ever present as the narrator navigates a life without realizing how even the smallest memories, interactions, and expressions can impact a very large, and often imposing, world. Touching the world is no longer an abstract idea, but a concrete action that reveals how everything we do affects everyone around us. Lighthearted in its approach, but powerful in its message, this book tells a story that will spur conversations with children and adults alike.
This entry was posted in Illustration on August 11, 2018 by admin.
Mixed media (acrylics, oil colors & prisma colors) on cold pressed illustration board, size 11″x12.5″.
This entry was posted in Illustration on December 9, 2015 by admin.
I had this idea for a while but couldn't figure out how to set it up in an illustration. Finally I got back to it and here is my version of Medusa having a bad hair day. I kept the snakes in black and white (drawing quality) while I painted Medusa in full color and a little more detailed. Otherwise I thought it would be too busy and distract from the story.
Below is the sketch and the color study for this painting. The color study is quickly done in Photoshop (it's the easiest way for me to try different colors without spending a lot of time).
This entry was posted in Illustration on September 10, 2015 by admin.
This illustration is done in mixed media (acrylics, oil colors and prisma colors) on cold pressed illustration board.
Not to long ago my family and I went to the Kennedy Space Center. I was really impressed by the full sized rockets and knew right away I wanted them in a painting. It took me awhile to figure out what to add to the image to give it a little twist: Someone who's flying it to the moon!
Below are some photos of the painting in progress. The picture to the left shows some prisma color rendering with a layer of acrylic wash. The picture to the right shows the image after adding an oil color wash.
This entry was posted in Illustration on August 6, 2015 by admin.
"The Pier" is a relief print (linocut), limited edition of 100.
Because it's a very small print I wanted to frame it in a much larger frame to "pull" the viewer in. I think it gives The Pier much more depth.
Sorry for the bad photo. I was in a rush to get it done for a show and obviously didn't take the time to set it up for a good photo.


text:
Plan Online Now
The Talk of a Lifetime
| 502 West Michigan Avenue
| Paw Paw, MI 49079
Kyle Kutlik
Funeral Director/Owner
Samantha Mayer
Funeral Director/Manager/Owner
Robert graduated from Paw Paw High School in 1965 and enrolled in the United States Army where he served in the Vietnam War. After his Honorable Discharge as a Platoon Sergeant in 1968, Bob enrolled in the Mortuary Science Program at Wayne State University, where graduated with distinction in 1971. Bob worked at the Hawley Funeral Home in Paw Paw until 1987, when he along with his wife, Debbie purchased the Zolp Funeral Home, which became the Adams-Zolp Funeral Home. Bob has spent his entire life devoted to the Paw Paw community and has served on many boards and organizations through the years. Some of those include organizing and commanding the American Legion Post #68 Color Guard, which went on to win 4 state championships. Bob has also been an active member and past president of the American Legion post #68 since 1975, where he was honored with a Life Membership in 1995. Bob has been officiating high school football since 1968, officiating multiple championship games at the Silverdome as Crew Chief. Bob is currently a member of the MFDA, NFDA, American Legion, Paw Paw Kiwanis Club, Michigan High School Athletic Association, Van Kal Officials Association, Terrill's Football Crew, Paw Paw Housing Commission and the MHSAA. With all of these accomplishments, the one he is most proud of is being a Husband, Father and Grandfather to his family. Bob is fortunate enough to have all of his family in the Paw Paw community and enjoys spending his free time with them.
Ron Douglas
Funeral Home Assistant
Jean Gregory
David Richardson
Mary Kussy


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Margaritaville Launches Swim Line
Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville brand — which already offers home decor, beachwear and accessories — will extend its reach to a new, and rather obvious, category for resort: women's swimwear. Cathy Hernandez, the company's newly-appointed vice president of swimwear who previously spent 11 years developing Tommy Bahama's swim business, said she was surprised to find that Margaritaville did not yet offer women's swimsuits. "It was a major success story waiting to happen," she told WWD. Hernandez met with Joe Laurita, the chief executive officer of Margaritaville's apparel business, to strategize the collection, which aims to provide swimwear and sportswear-inspired cover-ups. "The inspiration behind Margaritaville Swim is the yearning for an island adventure, a leisurely escape — Margaritaville as a feeling, not a place," Hernandez said. "Fun and humor also play a role in what we create." Check out more details on styles, release dates, and prices here! Island wear has reached a new level... and we can't wait to get our hands on the goods.


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D.M.C.A. The official content is at https://discoverygrid.net/dmca.php.


From the Africa Hotel Investment Forum (AHIF) in Nairobi, Kenya, Marriott International (NASDAQ: MAR) today announced rapid expansion plans across Africa. Strong demand for select-service brands and conversion opportunities are driving the momentum of growth for the company, amplified by five new hotel signings. The new signings will further consolidate Marriott International's presence in Ghana, Kenya, Morocco and South Africa and mark the company's entry into Mozambique. The signings put Marriott International on track to increase its portfolio by 50 percent with over 200 hotels and 38,000 rooms by 2023 estimated to generate 12,000 new job opportunities.
Marriott International's planned growth reinforces its commitment to Africa and underscores the substantial emphasis that countries across Africa are placing on the travel and tourism sector. The company estimates that the five new projects signed will drive investment of over $250 million by the property owners and will generate substantial economic activity.
"Marriott International's acquisition of Protea Hotels followed by the acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide has given an impetus to our organic growth on the continent. Today we are seeing strong owner interest in our brands, backed by our combined loyalty program, the collective strength of our global platform and our highly-experienced, local teams," said Alex Kyriakidis, President and Managing Director, Middle East and Africa, Marriott International. "African economies have sustained unprecedented rates of growth, which have mainly been driven by a strong domestic demand, improved macroeconomic management and increased political stability. The continent is still under capacity as far as branded hotel supply is concerned, presenting us with a fantastic opportunity to grow our brands and enhance our footprint," he added.
Today, Marriott International is present in 21 countries on the African continent: Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia. The company is set to expand into new markets including Benin, Botswana, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Mozambique and Senegal.
Amongst new conversion deals, Marriott International has signed the Marriott Marrakech Hotel in Morocco. With over 360 rooms, the hotel is slated to be rebranded in 2020.
Marriott International has signed two new hotels under the Protea Hotels by Marriott brand including Protea Hotel by Marriott Accra Kotoka Airport, Ghana and Protea Hotel by Marriott Nairobi, Kenya. Protea Hotel by Marriott Accra Kotoka Airport is planned to be a 200-room hotel strategically located in the prestigious airport residential area of Accra offering a restaurant, a lobby bar and lounge, small conference and meeting facilities, an air crew lounge, a gym and a roof-top pool bar and lounge with uninterrupted views of the city. Protea Hotel by Marriott Nairobi will be located approximately 5 km from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport on Mombasa Road. Expected to open in 2021, the 250-room hotel will include a restaurant, a bar, a fitness center, a pool and 600 square meters of meeting space. Earlier this year, Marriott International signed Protea Hotel by Marriott Pretoria Loftus Park, South Africa, which is slated to open later this year.
The company also signed Four Points by Sheraton Nampula, Mozambique, which will be its first hotel in the country. The hotel, expected to open in 2023, is part of a mixed-use development comprised of a shopping center, apartments, residential homes, a hospital, offices and the hotel. The 185-room property includes 100 hotel rooms and 85 extended stay units, food and beverage facilities, conferencing facilities, a fitness center and a pool.
Later this year, Marriott International will debut the AC by Marriott brand into Africa with the opening of the 188-room AC by Marriott Cape Town, Waterfront, conveniently located just minutes away from the buzzing Victoria & Alfred Waterfront and just a 25-minute drive from Cape Town International Airport. The company has also signed its second AC by Marriott hotel in Africa, AC by Marriott Umhlanga Ridge, Kwazulu Natal, Durban. The 205-room hotel will be a part of a mixed-use development comprised of offices and high-end residential apartments and boasts dramatic views of the Indian Ocean. Slated to open in 2023, the hotel is within easy access from major highways and in close proximity to the King Shaka International Airport.
The company expects to introduce some of its other well-known select-service brands like Aloft Hotels, Element, Courtyard by Marriott and Residence Inn by Marriott with hotels already under development. It is also looking for opportunities to bring Fairfield by Marriott to the continent.
"Africa is a very compelling story for us. With our history on the continent, our footprint and strong pipeline, a diverse portfolio of brands and a robust management infrastructure, we believe that we enjoy the trust and the confidence of Africa's hotel development community," he added.
Marriott International is enjoying a strong year of new hotel openings in Africa, which includes its first hotel in Mali – Sheraton Bamako – as well as the first Marriott Hotel in Accra. The company also debuted the Protea Hotel by Marriott brand in North Africa with the opening of Protea Hotel by Marriott Constantine.
Note on Forward-Looking Statements: This news release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of federal securities laws, including the number of lodging properties the company may add in future years and similar statements concerning possible future events or expectations that are not historical facts. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes in market conditions; changes in global and regional economies; supply and demand changes for hotel rooms; competitive conditions in the lodging industry; relationships with clients and property owners; the availability of capital to finance hotel growth and refurbishment; and other risk factors that the company identifies in its most recent annual report on Form 10-K; any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations we express or imply here. We make these statements as of the date of this press release, and we assume no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


It's estimated that 15 million Americans suffer from social anxiety disorder. If the holiday season has elevated the social pressure and you think you might have social anxiety disorder, here are some things you can do to help alleviate your anxiety and put joy back into the season.
Social anxiety disorder sufferers often go out of their way to avoid parties, gatherings, and other social situations. The anticipation of the event can cause significant distress.
The avoidance or distress interferes significantly with the person's normal routines, work, social activities, or relationships—and sufferers can be acutely conscious (and self-conscious) about the phobia.
People with social anxiety disorder often feel like others are aware of their anxiety, and this causes them shame.
This fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting for 6 months or more according to the DSM-5.
Realize that your automatic assumptions are likely inaccurate.
One thing I have noticed while treating people with social anxiety disorder is that they make inaccurate assumptions about what other people are thinking. You are your own toughest critic—not everyone else is being so hard on you! In fact, people are usually worried about themselves and how they are coming off, and they are not focused on you to the degree you think they are.
Come up with a positive phrase you can repeat to yourself that can help you rationalize your negative thinking. For example, "No one knows I am feeling anxious. They do not know what I am thinking." Use this phrase while in public to control your anxiety.
Take a plus-one to help.
A trusted friend or spouse can help anyone feel better at an event—and you're guaranteed to have someone to talk to.
Therapy can really help social anxiety, which is a very common problem in today's high-pressure society.


text:
Steve Ballmer praises Apple for creation of iPhone App Store
Slash Lane | Mar 08, 2010
Microsoft chief Steve Ballmer recently had positive words about Apple's success with the iPhone and its App Store, adding fuel to rumors of a potential alignment between Apple and Microsoft to bring Bing search to the iPhone.
"Apple's done a very nice job that allows people to monetize and commercialize their intellectual property," Ballmer reportedly said last week in a speech at the University of Washington's computer science building.
Brier Dudley, columnist for The Seattle Times,
">took Ballmer's comments
to mean that relations between Microsoft and Apple are warming, perhaps in advance of an announcement that Bing will become the default search engine for the iPhone. Rumors of such a deal between the two technology giants have persisted since January.
Dudley said it's possible that Apple and Microsoft could align to take on what both feel is a bigger threat: Google. The columnist personally asked Ballmer whether that was the case, but the Microsoft CEO just smiled and said he couldn't answer that question.
"Apple is coming off a tough divorce from its young search partner, which is now selling its own touch-screen smartphone and has floated concept designs of an iPad-like tablet device," Dudley wrote. "So perhaps it's natural Apple is reaching out to an estranged friend from the early days."
Ballmer's complimentary nature is a stark change from 2007, when the Microsoft executive famously laughed at the then-unreleased iPhone from Apple. By last year, Microsoft's own Windows Mobile had become stagnant while the iPhone has seen tremendous growth.
Rumors and speculation about Apple's alleged negotiations with Microsoft for Bing search come as many have perceived a growing rivalry between Apple and Google. Last summer, Google CEO Eric Schmidt resigned from the Apple Board of Directors as an investigation from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission was looking into the connections between the two companies.
Schmidt's move was seen as necessary as Google and Apple now compete in numerous markets in the technology sector: Google's Android mobile operating system competes with Apple's iPhone; both companies recently made large mobile advertising related purchases; Google's forthcoming Chrome OS will see the company enter the desktop computing space; and the Chrome browser competes with Apple's Safari.
The most public dispute between Apple and Google came last summer, when the Google Voice application was not accepted into the iPhone App Store. The two companies shared barbs with Google alleging the software was outright rejected for use on the iPhone, while Apple said it remained under review and consideration.
Microsoft also hopes to fight its way back in the phone market later this year when it plans to release Windows Phone 7 Series, a new multi-touch capable mobile operating system designed to compete with modern smartphones like the iPhone and handsets powered by Google's Android mobile operating system. Devices that run Windows Phone 7 Series will feature a dedicated button for Bing search.
madmacker
Ballmer is looking to be Apple's next CEO!
godrifle
Originally Posted by MadMacker
I knew it! I soaked some tea leaves in sweat and Ballmer's face appeared.
Bing. It's all about bringing Bing to Apple devices.
mickeymantle
Microsoft chief Steve Ballmer recently had positive words about Apple's success; and in other news, there's peace in the middle east and the earth has cooled significantly.
nprtmn4evr
All it means is they like what Apple's done with the App Store, and they're going to try and copy it with their Win 7 mobile platform (and fail horribly at it).
Any time Microsoft compliments something, it simply means that's the bar they are going to try and reach, while the competition continues moving further ahead.
New iPhone SE production starts in late January with May launch, claims leaker
A new leak claims that production will begin on the next iPhone SE in January, with a launch most likely to be in late May, or early April.
Mophie releases MagSafe travel multi-charger through Apple Store
The number of official third-party MagSafe accessories has grown again with Mophie's new multi-device travel charger which is available for $150 exclusively through the Apple Store.
Israeli police use NSO Group's Pegasus to spy on citizens without a warrant
Israeli police have reportedly used Pegasus spyware to surveil citizens in the country without any oversight, a claim that flies in the face of the NSO Group saying that its tools would not be used domestically.


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The sulfate salt of morphine, an opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically.
Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet is a sustained-release tablet formulation containing the sulfate salt of the opiate alkaloid morphine.
Morphine binds to and activates specific opiate receptors (delta, mu, and kappa) in the central nervous system, thereby mimicking the effects of the endogenous opioids. Binding to opioid receptors stimulates exchange of GTP for GDP, inhibits adenylate cyclase, and decreases intracellular cAMP. This inhibits the release of various nociceptive neurotransmitters, such as substance P, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, vasopressin, and somatostatin. In addition, morphine closes N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and opens calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels, which results in hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes and a reduction in neuronal excitability, and, subsequently, analgesia and sedation.
In the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems, morphine has widespread effects including analgesia, anxiolysis, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, and gastrointestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
Moderate to severe pain: 5-20 mg, 4 hrly. Extended-release: 5-20 mg 12 hrly.
Pain associated w/ MI: 5-10 mg at 1-2 mg/min followed by a further 5-10 mg as necessary.
Acute pulmonary edema: 5-10 mg via slow injection at 2 mg/min.
Moderate to severe pain. Initially, 5 mg epidural inj, then 1-2 mg after 1 hr up to a total dose of 10 mg/24 hr, if pain relief is unsatisfactory.
Moderate to severe pain: 0.2-1 mg once daily, up to 20 mg/day as necessary.
Moderate to severe pain: 2.5-10 mg via slow injection over 4-5 min or a starting dose of 1-2 mg/hr via continuous infusion. Max: 100 mg/day; 4 g/day in cancer patients.
Severe pain: 10-20 mg 4 hrly.
Adverse drug reactions: nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, dry mouth, anorexia, taste disturbance, dyspepsia, respiratory depression, sedation, dizziness, confusion, insomnia, headache, somnolence, involuntary muscle contractions, hyperhidrosis, rash, pruritus, asthenic conditions, HTN, bronchospasm, seizures, amenorrhea, rhabdomyolysis, nystagmus.


Our Frosted Bath Salt and Scrub Jar comes with cork lid and a wooden spoon that can be attached to the jar. Perfect way to professionally display your bath salt and body scrub products.
Jar Height: 10.2cm / 4.02"
Jar Diameter: 6.7cm / 2.64"
Maximum Label Height: 6.3cm / 2.48"


Nellis Air Force Base says that gusting winds can bring down trees, power lines and signs and turn unsecured objects into dangerous projectiles. Below are tips for staying safe during high wind warnings.
Tie down roof rafters to exterior walls with metal hurricane connectors or straps.
Consider installing storm shutters over exposed windows and other glass surfaces.
Garage doors can pose a problem because they are so large that they wobble as high winds blow and can pull out of their tracks or collapse from wind pressure. Some garage doors can be reinforced with retrofit kits. Check with your local home improvement store.
If winds are severe enough to prevent safe driving, safely pull over onto the shoulder of the road and stop, making sure you are away from trees or other tall objects that could fall onto your vehicle.


ZMA Jym is a multi-mineral supplement that helps athletes and bodybuilders to optimize their hormone levels and to build and maintain muscle mass. This is done through providing bioavailable forms of zinc and magnesium that are blended with vitamin B-6 and black pepper extract to help increase the body's ability to absorb and use them.
This supplement is most effective when taken on an empty stomach. Ideally, it should be taken at least one hour before or after eating a meal. Alternatively, many men choose to take it thirty to sixty minutes before going to bed to enhance the quality of their sleep, which is a helpful lifestyle choice for those who are bodybuilding. It is also important for consumers to be aware that if they are taking other supplements in the Jym line, these will need to be taken at different times of day to avoid their ingredients interfering with the ingredients in this product.
ZMA Jym is manufactured by JYM Supplement Science. This company was co-founded by Dr. Jim Stoppani for the purpose of developing a supplement company which is science-based. Dr. Stoppani has a proven track record for scientific research, receiving his PhD in Physiology (with a minor in biochemistry) from the University of Connecticut and later working at Harvard's John B. Pierce Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physiology. This is one of the few companies which does base the manufacture of its products on scientific reviews and studies in order to come up with the best and most effective supplements possible.
To make supplements that he himself would trust and feel confidence in.
To set a standard in the supplements industry for quality by using the best ingredients available and for transparency by listing every single ingredient on the bottle so that consumers will know what they are buying.
To encourage the use of scientific research when formulating specific supplement blends.
To lead the way in the formulation of high-quality, non-proprietary blends of supplements with the ideal ingredients in their proper dosages.
To increase general standards of accountability and accessibility in the supplement industry.
This commitment to quality and transparency – along with the scientific backing for the formulation of supplement blends – should make consumers feel more comfortable with their purchase.
One of the things which sets ZMA Jym apart is that it is backed up by an array of clinical studies. The science behind ZMA supplementation is actually pretty simple. Athletes and bodybuilders demand a lot from their bodies – and this quest for a strong and sculpted muscles can often lead to depleted levels of zinc and magnesium in particular. There are actually a number of ways this can happen – and a number of reasons why athletes are more at risk for this problem.
These minerals can be depleted through sweat or urine. Considering the amount of sweat lost in an average workout, it is easy to see how much could potentially be excreted through sweat alone. They are also taken up in greater quantities by bodybuilders and others who are very physically fit due to the increased need for them to build proteins and allow muscles to recover. However, this means that the harder the workout, the greater the risk for minerals to be lost.
Nutrition is also a factor. Most people who are serious about bodybuilding eat very healthy diets and are conscious of the importance of good nutrition. However, athletes who make certain dietary choices – such as including alcohol, refined flours and sugars or foods rich in calcium or phosphorous (such as whole grains or legumes)in their diets – can put themselves at risk for even more zinc and magnesium depletion. And studies have linked low zinc and magnesium levels to a decrease in muscle mass, the last thing someone wants when they are trying to get and stay in shape. This is why it is such an important issue to be aware of.
ZMA Jym can prevent this mineral depletion from happening by giving top athletes the nutrients they need. This product works by combining important minerals with vitamins and black pepper extract to enhance the bioavailability of zinc and magnesium and thus increase their uptake by the body. This can help athletes to enhance athletic performance by increasing levels of certain hormones and by building more muscle mass.
For example, in a study out of Western Washington University, NCAA football players on the ZMA supplement showed a 30% increase in testosterone and a 5% increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1 for short). This was in comparison to athletes in the control group who took placebos: they actually presented with a 10% drop in testosterone and an almost 20% decrease in IGF-1. The group on the ZMA supplement also demonstrated an increased in muscle strength and better sleep quality, which is important for muscle recovery.
This same NCAA football team, in an earlier study, took magnesium supplements while participating in an intensive 7-week leg training course and found that their leg strength increased by 20%.
These are not the only study to associated these minerals with increased levels of testosterone. In another study from a university in Turkey, men who used a ZMA supplement for 4 weeks showed an increase in testosterone levels both at rest and after working out.
The ease with which these important minerals can be depleted – and the decrease in muscle mass which can result – make supplements like ZMA Jym a key part to any successful bodybuilding regimen.
5 mg of Bioperine, a patented black pepper extract.
These ingredients are high quality and sourced with care. However, no vitamin or mineral will do the body any good if it cannot be readily absorbed. That is why ZMA Jym has been specifically designed with bioavailability (a measure of how readily the body can absorb a certain nutrient) in mind.
The particular forms of these nutrients were carefully chosen to maximize the ease with which the body can absorb and utilize them. Of all of these, the most important consideration is the zinc. Zinc can come in two different forms – zinc mono-L-methionine and zinc mono-D-methionine. It is important not to buy supplements with the "D" form, since the body cannot absorb it. The B-6 is present in order to enhance the body's ability to use both the zinc and magnesium and the patented Bioprine mixture contains piperine, an active compound which helps with nutrient absorption.
The two main ingredients are both needed to meet the particular needs of bodybuilders. Zinc is used so in the process of building proteins, which in turn are needed for the production of muscle mass. It has been shown in multiple studies to increase testosterone levels in men. Magnesium is needed for the health of the cardiovascular system and for a strong metabolism, as well as for getting deeper and healthier sleep to give muscles a chance to rebuild in between workouts.
It's also important to mention what ingredients this supplement does not contain. For one thing, there are no herbs that can boost testosterone; this is because these herbs can sometimes interfere with the body's ability to take in and use zinc and magnesium. There are no other minerals in this supplement – especially not copper or calcium – because they can inhibit the absorption of magnesium and zinc. Other products in the Jym line of nutrients do contain these minerals (as they are important, too), but these supplements are meant to be taken at different times of the day so that they do not interfere with one another.
There are also no sleep enhancers in ZMA Jym as there are in other ZMA formulas. Many athletes will use sleep supplements such as melatonin, valerian or 5-HTP. However t the everyday use of them, especially over a long period of time, can cause dependence. Even so, most people who use this product do report sleep improvements, since magnesium can naturally improve the quality of sleep without the possibility of dependence.
There are many advantages to this product that have made it attractive for a large number of customers. For one thing, it comes in easy-to-swallow capsules that should be taken three times a day. In short, there are no messy powders to mix or liquids to drink down! Its unique blend of minerals come in forms that maximize their bioavailability – which also maximizes their benefit. It works with other Jym products, including VITA Jym and Pro Jym to provide the body with the full array of nutrients that it needs to build lean muscle mass.
There are no specific certifications for this product, but it has won a number of awards and has received excellent testimonials from clients around the country and the world who have experienced the difference this supplement can make in their workout regimen.
Testimonials are one of the best ways to determine if a workout supplement might be worth a try: who better to learn about a product than from other athletes and bodybuilders who have used this product for themselves?
So far ZMA Jym has really help me sleep good, especially when I take it the night before.
I have been using this product for a month now and I can really tell a difference with my strength and my sleep is a lot better, which has led to better morning workouts.
This is an awesome product! I have felt my muscles growing since I began to use this supplement.
I feel like my workouts are much more effective since I started taking ZMA Jym and that this supplement has really helped me build my muscles.
As a matter of fact, overall testimonials for ZMA Jym have been so popular that the Bodybuilding.com website gives it a 9 out of 10 rating for quality and customer satisfaction.
The Bodybuilding.com website is not the only one which has noted this product's excellence: other sites in the bodybuilding community have weighed in as well.
This product received the #2 position for Best ZMA Supplements 2016 on the Best Workout Supplements blog, with the author calling it "a great option for the greater portion of athletes". And in a Testosterone Junkie review, the reviewer noted that "it is hard to find fault with this product since it is all-natural, well researched and has great proven results." BroScience, another online community for bodybuilders, also ranked it among the top 3 testosterone boosters.
Dr. Jim Stoppani himself has also won awards for his research and for the work he has done on his projects. Among these is the prestigious Gatorade Beginning Investigator Award in Exercise Science, presented each year by the American Physiological Society to award outstanding research in the field of fitness and wellness.
ZMA Jym has a good track record for getting the results that people want. However, in the event that there is a problem or that the customer is not satisfied, there are two options to follow. An unopened product can be returned for the customer's choice of a full refund (excluding shipping costs) or in-store credit to be used to purchase other products. A product that has already been opened can be returned, but for in-store credit only.
Shipping rates will vary depending on the weight of the product and the method of shipment chosen. This supplement can be shipped throughout the United States and to many countries internationally, including Australia, Brazil, European Union countries and the United Kingdom.
To show support for soldiers serving overseas, ZMA Jym can also be shipped to military addresses all over the world and APO, FPO and DPO addresses are accepted. Shipments can be tracked online so that the customer can follow it in transit.
Customers purchasing this product get more than just a supplement: they get the support of knowledgeable staff who are committed to providing their customers with the answers to their supplement, workout and general health questions. This is available through 24-7 live chat or through email if the customer prefers. This company is tech-savvy and understands the importance of social media, so it is also possible to connect on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube and Google+.
Online security is important to everyone. Customers buying this product can shop securely knowing that their information is McAfee Protected and that the company has been rated by the Better Business Bureau and has received the Bizrate Platinum Award for 2015 for good business practices.
Some supplements are outrageously expensive. But at Jym Supplement Science, the company believes that great products should not cost a great deal of money. Most customers feel that these are incredibly well-priced.
ZMA Jym can be purchased in 90-capsule bottles for $15.78 which is the supply for a one month, for a very affordable cost of around $0.53 per serving. For the sake of customer convenience, there are many ways to pay. Methods include credit or debit card (most major cards are accepted), PayPal, wire transfer or money order. Cash or checks are not accepted.
It comes in convenient capsules, taken three times daily on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime.
Studies have shown that it increases testosterone.
It promotes restful sleep for good muscle recovery and general health.
There are also things that consumers should be aware of before purchasing ZMA Jym.
This supplement is not available in store and must be purchased online.
This supplement cannot be taken with other multi-mineral supplements – especially not ones with copper or calcium – which can mean spacing supplements out throughout the day in a complicated schedule.
This item works best if purchased with other Jym products and does not necessarily stand alone. This can mean having to purchase several products to get the full range of nutrients needed to support the body.
Summary: ZMA Jym is a multi-mineral post-workout supplement. Its unique blend of zinc and magnesium, in combination with vitamin B-6 and a patented blend of black pepper – can help to increase testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1. This increase, in turn, leads to increased muscle mass and athletic performance for athletes and bodybuilders as well as to better and more restful sleep to allow for enhanced muscle recovery. It comes in convenient capsules and is ideally taken on an empty stomach or just before going to sleep. This product can be safely and securely ordered online and shipped within the United States, to military addresses around the world and other selected countries internationally.


text:
La battaglia di Stiklestad(, ), avvenuta nel 1030, è una delle più famose battaglie della storia della Norvegia. In questo scontro fu ucciso re Olaf II di Norvegia (Óláfr Haraldsson), il futuro Sant'Olaf.

Anche il suo giovane fratellastro, Harald Sigurdsson, era presente in battaglia, e sarebbe poi diventato il nuovo re di Norvegia nel 1047, morendo durante una fallita invasione dell'Inghilterra nella Battaglia di Stamford Bridge del 1066.

Contesto storico
Nel IX secolo la Norvegia era comandata da numerosi re locali. Alla fine del secolo re Harald Bellachioma (Haraldr Hárfagri) riuscì, anche grazie alla superiorità militare garantita dall'alleanza con Sigurðr Hákonarson di Nidaros, a soggiogare questi numerosi regni creando il primo stato unificato di Norvegia.

Questa alleanza si sciolse dopo la morte di Harald. I Jarl di Lade e vari discendenti di Harald Bellachioma passarono il secolo successivo combattendo per guadagnare il comando. Come il potere politico, anche quello religioso giocò un ruolo importante in questi conflitti, dato che due discendenti di Harald, Hakon il Buono e Olaf Tryggvason tentarono di convertire i norvegesi al Cristianesimo. Nell'anno 1000, Svein (Sveinn) e Erik (Eiríkr) di Lade presero il controllo della Norvegia, aiutati dal re danese Svein. Nel 1015 Olaf Haraldsson, in rappresentanza dei discendenti di Harald Bellachioma, tornò da uno dei suoi viaggi vichinghi e fu immediatamente acclamato re di Norvegia. Nel giugno del 1016 vinse la battaglia di Nesjar contro Lade.

Il tentativo di Olaf Haraldsson di diventare re di Norvegia fu sostenuto dai Dani che mantenevano occupata l'Inghilterra. Nel 1028 il re danese Canuto il Grande strinse alleanza con i Lade, e Olaf dovette andare in esilio a Novgorod nel Garðaríki. Nel 1029 l'ultimo jarl di Lade, Haakon Sigurdsson, annegò e Olaf fece ritorno in Norvegia con il suo esercito per riprendersi il trono ed il regno.

Battaglia

Secondo le saghe, Olaf viaggiò con i suoi 3600 uomini attraversando la Svezia e le montagne fino a raggiungere la valle di Verdal (Veradalr), 80 chilometri a nord della città di Trondheim. Giunsero a Stiklestad, una fattoria nella parte bassa della valle. Fu qui che ebbe luogo la battaglia di Stiklestad, come descritto da Snorri Sturluson nella sua famosa opera Heimskringla, 200 anni dopo.

A Stiklestad, Olaf incontrò un esercito guidato da Harek di Tjøtta (Hárekr ór Þjóttu), Thorir Hund (Þórir Hundr) di Bjarkøy e Kalf Arnason (Kálfr Árnason), uomo che aveva in precedenza servito sotto Olaf. L'esercito contadino era formato da "un centinaio di centinaia di persone" secondo Snorri, che si pensa intendesse 14 400, e non 10 000. Disse che il grido di battaglia degli uomini di Olaf fu Fram! Fram! Kristmenn, krossmenn, kongsmenn (Avanti, avanti, uomini di Cristo, uomini della croce, uomini del re), mentre quello degli avversari era Fram! Fram! Bonder (Avanti, avanti, contadini).

Nel corso della battaglia Olaf ricevette tre gravi ferite (ginocchio, collo e quella mortale nel cuore) e morì adagiato su una grande pietra. Il suo corpo fu trasportato e sepolto segretamente nelle rive sabbiose del fiume Nidelva, a sud della città di Trondheim.

Conseguenze
L'anno successivo alla battaglia la sua tomba e la bara furono aperte e, secondo Snorri Sturluson, il corpo era ancora intatto e capelli ed unghie erano cresciuti costantemente. La bara fu portata presso la chiesa di San Clemente a Trondheim. Olaf fu venerato come santo e gli fu dato il nome di Sant'Olaf (Olav den Hellige). La chiesa di Stiklestad (Stiklestad kyrkje) fu eretta sopra la pietra sulla quale morì. Si pensa che la pietra sia tuttora all'interno dell'altare della chiesa.

Cento anni dopo fu costruita la cattedrale di Trondheim sull'originario luogo di sepoltura. Il corpo di Olaf fu spostato in questa chiesa e inserito in un reliquiario d'argento dietro l'altare maggiore. Questo reliquiario ha la forma di una chiesa in miniatura, tipico dei reliquiari medievali che contenevano l'intero corpo di un santo, ma l'unico ad avere teste di drago sui vertici come quelle utilizzate nelle chiese norvegesi in legno. Nel XVI secolo, durante la Riforma protestante, il corpo di Olaf fu rimosso dal reliquiario, il quale fu fuso per la produzione di monete del re danese-norvegese. I suoi resti furono di nuovo sepolti da qualche parte nella cattedrale, ma ancora oggi non si sa esattamente dove. La regina Giuseppina di Leuchtenberg di Norvegia e Svezia, consorte di Oscar I, chiese a Federico VII di Danimarca l'unica reliquia conosciuta di Sant'Olaf, un'ulna o un radio, allora conservata in un reliquiario medievale del Museo Nazionale Danese. Egli la concesse, e la regina la consegnò alla cattedrale di Sant'Olaf (Sankt Olaf domkirke) di Oslo nell'agosto del 1862.

Retaggio

Nel 1901 il poeta Per Sivle scrisse un poema intitolato Tord Foleson, sulla partecipazione di re Olaf alla battaglia. Foleson riuscì a piantare lo stendardo prima di morire, ed esso rimase in piedi per tutto il confronto, anche dopo la morte del re. Fu tenuta innalzata e sostituita dalla popolazione locale per secoli, ed oggi in quel punto si erge un memoriale. La più famosa riga del poema, Merket det stend, um mannen han stupa ('Il simbolo resta in piedi, anche quando l'uomo cade'), è scritto sul memoriale di Stalheim, Norvegia. Si trova anche su un'iscrizione del muro del memoriale del campo di concentramento di Bergen-Belsen.

Nel luglio 1954 il proprietario della fattoria di Stiklestad permise sulla sua proprietà le riprese di un film basato sulla battaglia. Il dramma di Sant'Olaf (norvegese: Spelet om Heilag Olaf) è un'opera teatrale all'aperto rappresentata ogni anno alla fine di luglio a Stiklestad. L'opera fu scritta da Olaf Gullvåg e viene riproposta fin dal 1954.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Stiklestad
Stiklestad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Inside Shania Twain's 'scary' experience with Lyme disease
In a new Netflix documentary, country singer Shania Twain talks about how she "thought [she had] lost [her] voice forever" after contracting Lyme disease. Writing for MedPage Today, Michelle Berman details the symptoms of Lyme disease and explains how the condition is diagnosed and treated.
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Shania Twain's symptoms
In 2003, Twain said she contracted Lyme disease after she was bitten by a tick while horseback riding.
"My symptoms were quite scary because before I was diagnosed, I was on stage very dizzy. I was losing my balance. I was afraid I was gonna fall off the stage," Twain said. "I was having these very, very, very millisecond blackouts, but regularly, every minute or every 30 seconds."
One of the most devastating symptoms for Twain was the toll the disease took on her voice. "My voice was never the same again. I thought I'd lost my voice forever," she said.
In a TV interview, Twain noted that, "It was a good 6 or 7 years before a doctor was able to find out that I had sustained nerve damage to my vocal cords, directly caused by Lyme disease."
Twain started to believe that she would never be able to sing again. However, after she underwent two "open throat" vocal cord surgeries, along with vocal therapy, she started to get her voice back.
What you need to know about Lyme disease
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. It is typically caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and in rare cases can be caused by the Borrelia mayonii bacterium. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick.
In the United States, the disease is typically seen in the Northeast and upper Midwest, with approximately 40 infections per 100,000 people. Usually, the disease is contracted between late spring and early fall.
When left untreated, a variety of symptoms can appear. Different symptoms can manifest depending on the stage of infection—an early infection occurs three to 30 days after a tick bite, and a late infection occurs days to months after a tick bite.
With an early infection, symptoms can include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
Roughly 70% to 80% of infected individuals will also develop a rash, called erythema migrans, where they were bitten. The rash typically appears after a delayed onset of 3 to 30 days, with an average of seven days. They often expand over the course of several days and can grow up to 12 inches or more horizontally.
According to Berman, late symptoms of Lyme disease include:
Severe headaches and neck stiffness
Additional erythema migrans rashes on other parts of the body
Facial palsy
Arthritis with severe joint pain and swelling, often in the knees or other large joints
Intermittent pain in tendons, muscles, joints, and bones
Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat, known as Lyme carditis
Episodes of dizziness or shortness of breath
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet
Unfortunately, Lyme disease can be difficult to diagnose. For instance, many of the symptoms, including headache, dizziness, and joint and body pain, are common symptoms in other conditions.
To diagnose Lyme disease, CDC recommends a two-step testing strategy that includes a conventional enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test, followed by a Western blot test. For the ELISA test, a blood sample is used to detect antibodies. Notably, the test is very sensitive, and most people who have the disease—and even some who do not—will test positive. If a person tests negative, "it is highly unlikely that the person has Lyme disease, and no further testing is recommended," Berman writes. If a person tests positive or inconclusive, CDC recommends a Western blot test to confirm the results.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key because they can help prevent symptoms of late Lyme disease.
Treatment depends on the age of the patient and the stage of the disease. Doctors recommend a 10-day course of doxycycline for patients older than 8 years with localized disease. A 14-day course of amoxicillin or cefuroxime is often prescribed for children under 8.
For patients with more severe symptoms, including arthritis, AV block, carditis, meningitis, or encephalitis, longer courses of medication or parenteral antibiotics may be prescribed.
While most people will recover after they receive the recommended treatment, roughly 5% of patients will experience lingering symptoms, including fatigue, pain, joint or muscle aches, and difficulty thinking. According to Berman, post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) can linger more than six months after treatment.
Scientists still do not know the cause of PTLDS, but some researchers believe that it occurs when Borrelia burgdorferi triggers an autoimmune response that causes symptoms to linger after the infection is gone. Currently, there is no proven treatment for PTLDS, but patients typically recover with time. (Berman, MedPage Today, 9/1)
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Travelling is a main hobby to a lot of people. People don't leave their hometown to only relax and fresh-up, but to also experience different lifestyles, meet new cultures and new people and enjoy the things their native country doesn't have.
Therefore, travelling is not only educational, but adventurous and fun as well! And which continent will offer you more of that than Europe? Travelling through Europe is travelling through beauty, history and culture because of all the historical events and phases the continent was going through. Also, Europeans are very kind and they celebrate a lot of things!
Since your trips can be pretty long, you should keep your safety in mind and visit some of the car-service companies available all around the Europe, such as Kwik Fit for example, that will keep your car technically checked and safe so you can enjoy the ride.
Read on to learn more about the best road trips in Europe!
Beautiful Paris isn't the only city that will impress you. From there, continue to Germany and visit it's oldest city, Trier, the place of ancient Roman baths and basilicas that are still standing intact. Then proceed to Riesling, a wine country, Nuremberg and all the way to Leipzig, where you can learn about Cold War history and enjoy classic music.
Before finally visiting Berlin, go to Dresden first and experience the restored city after the WWII bombing. A week or two should be enough for you to peacefully visit all of this and enjoy Germany and France.
Spend a week or two going on a trip from Romania to Austria! Start your route from Bucharest and proceed northward to Transylvania so you can experience the Brain Castle, a castle where Dracula himself was walking.
From there, drive on through beautiful Transfagarasan mountain road and visit the old cities and castles, such as Sibu, Brasov and Sighisoara. Then drive toward Budapest and Bratislava to arrive to beautiful and romantic Vienna.
This trip is great for surf lovers! Start from Bilbao where you can enjoy surfing in nearby villages. Road along the Atlantic will lead you to a place of watersports wonderland and food heaven – San Sebastian.
From there, continue to Pamplona and visit the beautiful seaside resort of St-Jean-de-Luz. Finish your trip with going north to Bordeaux, "the Pearl of the Aquitaine", and enjoy world-class wines!
Norway is the right place for thrill and adventures lovers! Start from Bergen, on the Norway's southeast coast, and continue to Voss and incredible Tvindefossen waterfall. After that, check out the world's longest road tunnel, a 24.5km route under the mountains.
Take a ferry across the Sognefjord, go through Fjaller valleys, full of glaciers and snowy mountain peaks, and then visit the waterside towns of Stryn or a village Videster. Continue to towns of Geiranger and form there on, finally visit the thrilling Trollstigen!
What makes us most uncomfortable in our skin?