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Book Review: 'Armoured Trains: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia 1825-2016'
January 28, 2017 January 28, 2017 nzcrownminesLeave a comment
Reviewer: NZ Crown Mines
Title: Armoured Trains: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia 1825-2016
Author: Paul Malmassari
To the general public, the idea that trains could be weapons of war is preposterous. Trains carry freight, they do not carry and use guns, and they definitely do not engage in hostile actions against an enemy, especially not in the Twenty-first Century. This volume proves otherwise.
It is very evident that the author of this volume knows and loves his subject. Originally published in France in 1989, this revised and upgraded English-language version is well researched and, due to the depth of information, is likely to become the authoritative work on armoured trains. The book covers the development and use of the armoured train as a military device. In most of the instances described within this volume, the armoured train was essentially a very mobile 'fortress on railway tracks'. As such it could carry the battle to the enemy and cause havoc as a result. It was not as mobile as aircraft (which were invented later), but was a definite improvement over its horse-based contemporaries. The major European and Asian powers were inevitably the largest users of armoured trains and as such their trains form the largest section of the volume. It does not however ignore smaller conflicts and combatants, and includes and describes all and any situations where vehicles running on railway tracks were involved in aggressive military activities.
The volume describes itself as an "encyclopaedia' and as a result is more suited to 'dipping into' rather than a straight 'cover-to-cover' read. An Introduction provides general background details, and precedes the largest section of the work. This consists of 72 sections (aka 'Chapters') arranged by country and appearing in alphabetical order. Within each section information is given concerning the armoured railway vehicles that operated in or were owned by, that specific state. To this reviewer however, some of the inclusions are at best tenuous, and he considers the inclusion of New Zealand as the owner of an 'armoured train' while part of British Forces in the Middle East during World War II to be drawing a very long bow. At least one image (frequently more) appears within each section, while numerous line drawings are included. Drawn to HO scale (1:87) these are of both rolling stock and locomotives. Two Appendices are included; one containing numerous art-works of armoured trains, the other '… Original Factory Drawings of Armoured Trains and Trolleys'. An Index and an Acknowledgements section are also provided. Sequentially-numbered Footnotes are used within each section while a Sources sub-section replaces a designated Bibliography. No maps of any sort are provided.
Unfortunately, this reviewer has two major concerns with this volume. One is with the complete lack of maps within the work, a situation which means that, unless they are geo-politically aware, a reader will have absolutely no idea as to where the trains actually operated. As several of the nations within the volume have also changed their names, this puts the reader at a major disadvantage. The other concern relates to the Index. Although the names of specific countries (for example, France, Russia, United States of America, South Korea, Georgia) are listed as Section (Chapter) Headings on the work's Contents page, a random search within the Index found no evidence of either these or any other 'country' names within that section. While it could be argued that a Contents-page listing is sufficient for the purpose, and that most readers will turn to the Contents before the Index, observation indicates that although purchasers of such a volume will initially only peruse the Contents page, they will eventually seek additional information within the Index section. The absence of specific 'country' names makes such searching at best very difficult. To this reviewer, this is a major failing as in his opinion, the seeker of specific information needs to be able to quickly and positively identify that train X belongs to country Y (or vice versa). For this reviewer, being unable to do so, considerably-reduced the value of both the Index, and the volume.
The limitations outlined above notwithstanding. this volume is likely to appeal to several different groups. Railway historians and enthusiasts will probably find it of interest, especially if they are interested in military railways, while both general and military historians could also find it informative. Irrespective of the scale they work in, model-railway enthusiasts could also find it useful, especially if their interest is in military railways.
Due to its specialisation, this volume is likely to become the authoritative one on its subject. The lack of both maps and an incomplete Index do however reduce its value considerably. On that basis, and on a Rating Scale, where 1: Very Poor, 10: Excellent, I would give this volume a 7. It should have been higher.
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January 21, 2017 May 17, 2017 nzcrownminesLeave a comment
I have long been interested in the nineteenth-century underground gold mines of New Zealand's Coromandel Peninsula. The need to develop these mines to their fullest potential required very large amounts of money and the latest technology – at that time only available from London, the financial and mining-technology centre of the world. Thus were British capital, Victorian-era steam-powered machinery and British manufacturing skills brought to bear on the Coromandel.
However, two problems needed to be solved: how to remove the gold-bearing rock in the most efficient manner, and having done this, how to extract as much gold as possible. The pursuit of these aims constituted New Zealand's first heavy industry of any consequence. Developing the necessary technology, especially the use of potassium cyanide for gold-extraction, meant that for a period the New Zealand quartz gold mining industry led the world.
In one way the Te Kereru Mining and Investment Co Ltd. layout is a homage to this era and industry. In another it is also a teaching tool, showing in miniature how things were in 'the olden days', and introducing the viewer to a little-known aspect of New Zealand history.
1893: While hunting Kereru (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae; the New Zealand Pigeon) in the hills of New Zealand's Coromandel Penisula, W.V. James discovers a gold and silver-bearign reef ('lode') near Toi Toi Creek – somewhere north of Karanagahake, and south of Port Jackson.
1895: The Te Kereru Mining and Investment Company (Limited. is formed in London and is soon driving horizontal tunnels (or adits) into the reef to explore the size of the deposit and commence the mining of the ore it contains.
1897: The Company begins constructing a 40-stamp battery / reduction-works for use in conjunction with the recently-introduced MacArthur-Forrest cyanide process. The work includes the construction of a steam-powered railway to connect the mine workings with the battery. This required the construction of a short tunnel through an adjacent ridge.
1898 (November); Ore trains begin running.
1900: Having found that the reef system descends much deeper than can be reached via horizontal adits, the Company sinks a shaft (the Toi Toi) to better mine the reef and to prospect further.
1901: The Toi Toi Shaft reveals that the reef system is increasing in value as it descends, and as a result, an additional 20 stamps are added to the battery.
1911: The cyanide plant is updated. This includes four tall Brown and McMiken (B&M) air-agitator tanks measuring 13.7 metres x 6.0 metres( 45 ft. x 20 ft.) placed towards the rear of the site. A vacuum-filtration plant and hydraulic classifier are also added.
1913 (The present time): The Company's upgrades are payign off and its gold and silver production is the alrgest within the district. The Toi Toi Shaft is currently 144.7 metres (475 ft.) deep and values are showing no sign of decreasing at this depth.
Te Kereru (pronounced Tea -Care-Rare-Roo) was intended to portray by way of a small layout, the main elements in this fictional history, a scenario that drew heavily on large-scale gold mines once found at Thames, Karangahake (Car-rang-ah-hack-ee) Komata (Co mah-tah), Coromandel and Waihi (Y-he) These and my own personal experiences provided the technical background.
My intention was always to make Te Kereru a technically and historically accurate portrayal of a neglected part of New Zealand's history. I wanted the layout to be in N scale, portable, and able to fit between my car's rear wheel arches. And it had to be ready for public exhibition within three months! It was, and at that and several other exhibitions has received encouraging comments from both the public and other modellers.
Of course I did not start from scratch. Te Kereru is the final development of a series of micro layouts beginning in 2006 with the Kaisers Reef (Hauraki) Gold Mining Co (NL) cutlery drawer-based layout seen at the 2008 New Zealand Model Railway Guild convention in Taradale (Napier). I subsequently enlarged the 'Kaiser's concept, and created the 'Te Kereru Mining and Investment Co Ltd' , ('Te Kereru' being pronounced: Tea Care-rare-roo), a portable 'clockwork mouse' layout designed for exhibitions and, for ease of transportation, capable of fitting in between the wheel arches of my Nissan Primera sedan's rear seat.
The baseboard measures 1066mm x 508mm (3ft 6in x 2ft), comprising a sheet of MDF with strips of 20mm x 30mm pine glued on the outside edges to form a frame for a 12.7mm–thick sheet of 'Pinex–brand soft-board laid on top. A three-ply scenic divider conceals a small fiddle yard and work area, while a tall ridge separates the site of the Toi Toi (Toy-toy) Creek mining operations from the ore processing area. I have employed self-developed a New Zealand-specific variation of UK N scale (1:148), with suitably modified N-scale rolling stock.
Track and wiring
The track is roughly oval in shape, laid with Peco N scale Code 80 flextrack pinned to the Pinex. Exhibition-based experience and discussions with respected model railway peers convinced me that points can be a source of many problems, and since the viewing public rarely commented it seemed that omitting them would be a contribution to reliable running. The layout does however have three nominal sidings (at the mine, the battery and the locomotive shed beside the battery). These are supposedly one-blade mining tramway type units and are non-working.
Power feed is simply two wires attached to my veteran Hammant & Morgan power unit.
Basic scenery was constructed from blocks of high-density plastic foam overlaid with kitchen towels. Pollyfilla was applied over this, followed by acrylic tube colours, predominantly white, black, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, yellow and blue. Vegetation is Woodland Scenics Coarse Foliage. Ground cover consists of a variety of dried sawdusts, held in place by PVA and superglue.
The sky is deliberately white in colour — to help portray the anti-cyclonic gloom frequently found on the Coromandel Peninsula and emphasises the contrast between the bush and structures. Comments from residents of the area, indicate that I have successfully captured the atmosphere of the area.
All Te Kereru's structures are scratch-built, designed to provide examples typical of the various evolutionary phases of large-scale nineteenth century underground goldmines in the Coromandel.
As well as the major mine and battery buildings there is a water-race, with race inspector's hut, a locomotive shed; goods sheds at both the mine and battery, and various other tanks and buildings.
At Toi Toi there is a substantial amount of trestle work and a large dump for waste rock (mullock) from the mine.
An abandoned traction engine remains at Toi Toi from when it served as a stationary boiler to power an air compressor in the mine's early days. Contrast that with the new fangled telephone recently installed to connect the General Manager's office at the battery Te Keruru office with the Mine Manager's at Toi Toi.
The tall B&M (Brown and McMiken) air-agitator tanks at the battery form part of the battery'c cyanide plant and are typical of early examples, while the Toi Toi Shaft's 65ft (20m)-tall head frame (or Poppett Head) is similar to those at Thames, Waihi and Coromandel.
A wide variety of discarded materials were used in constructing Te Kereru. Almost everything was made from off-cuts, such as the scraps of picture framer's matte board used for buildings, or the discarded overhead transparency film used for window glazing.
The battery's windows, having multiple panes, were first scribed to create the mullions, then covered with white paint, which when wiped off with a damp cloth left paint within the scribed lines – instant multi-paned windows!
Mining plant, having only a short life-expectancy, was constructed as cheaply as possible, and in New Zealand low-cost corrugated iron was the primary form of cladding. My 'corrugated iron' was 1970s-era embossed wallpaper and I made the B&M tanks from toilet-roll inners, with propelling-pencil leads being used for over-flow pipes and card for the deflectors installed at the tops of the tanks. . . The Toi Toi Shaft head frame was built from square-section strip balsa and card, and the mine ore trucks from cork roadbed, with propelling-pencil leads for the axles. Items I could not make, (such as track, people and animals), were purchased.
I enjoy the possibilities for detailing, and as a result various small vignettes appear on the layout. These include a cage in the Toi Toi Shaft head frame with a worker putting a lot of effort into manoeuvreing an empty ore wagon back inside before it returns underground, two men using a pinch-bar to get an ore-truck back on the rails at the entrance to one of the tunnels, and the telephone-line repairman up a pole near the water-race, replacing a line that has been broken. His two pack-horses (one carrying saddlebags) graze below him. There are other similar mini scenes as well, though they may not be evident at first glance.
Motive power is an N-scale Bachmann 0-6-0 Plymouth switcher reworked to look something like a Manning-Wardle street tramway locomotive. This was supposedly imported by the company from a bankrupt British system. Wagons are scratch-built, mainly of the mainly of the side-tipping-type and mounted on single N-scale bogies'.
Several flat-deck wagons do static duty at the goods sheds at Toi Toi and the battery. Because of the severe curvature, a simple type of hook and pin coupler is used. At the standard N scale viewing distance of two feet (600mm), these rarely elicit comment.
People and creatures
Te Kereru has various people and animals within its boundaries. People are doing a variety of jobs, from shovelling coal outside the battery's boiler house, to the telephone-line repairman previously-mentioned. At Toi Toi, pit ponies haul ore and timber wagons as needed.
Things that lurk in the forest
There is a resident dinosaur in the bush country between the battery and the mine. A reclusive creature, it is only seen at exhibitions, mainly by small children. He has proven singularly successful as an ice breaker with members of the public. With the children indulging in a dinosaur hunt the parents can be engaged in conversation and left free to actually look at what is on the layout.
Is it narrow gauge?
I am frequently asked if the layout is 009 or some narrow gauge variation on Z gauge (Nn3 perhaps). The questioners are invariably surprised that it is in fact conventional N scale, rather than the apparent narrow gauge that prompted the question. The narrow gauge look is not intentional, but seems to have evolved of its own accord. For that I have no explanation.
Public reaction
My wife accompanies me to exhibitions, and she has noted that because of the clockwise direction that model railway exhibitions tend to follow, members of the public mostly approach from the Te Kereru or battery (left hand) end. Having given the layout a quick once-over, and seeing little to interest them, they then move on, to suddenly notice Toi Toi at the other end, hiding behind some hills and trees. The reaction is frequently one of surprise accompanied by a 'wow' of amazement, and followed by a closer investigation. Some people have even been observed dragging their mates back to share in the discovery.
Frequent comment is made concerning the detail that has been incorporated into Te Kereru, along with surprise as to how much detail is possible in such a small scale and space. We have also noticed that because of its height — it simply rests on a conventional trestle table — small children and people in wheelchairs seem to get the best of views.
Te Kereru has so far attended several exhibitions and been well received. It is reliable and fun and gets lots of positive comments from viewers, so its appearances will continue. In between times it is still being detailed and added to.
Layout at a glance
Name: Te Kereru Mining and Investment Co. Ltd.
Scale: N (1:148).
Size: 1.066.8mm x 508mm. (42″ x 24″).
Prototype: Various Coromandel Peninsula gold mining tramways.
Period: 1913.
Locale: Coromandel Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand
Layout Style: Portable.
Height: Approximately 1m (height of trestle table).
Length of mainline: 2.72m.
Track: Peco code 80 flextrack
Points/Turnouts: None.
Control: Conventional 240-volt transformer.
General view of layout showing Toi Toi mining area at bottom of layout and battery/ reduction-works site visible at upper LH corner.
(Scale: 1:148)
Detail view of Toi Toi Mining area showing various adits and tramways. Poppett Head of Topi Toi shaft visible at center-right foreground.
A view from Mullock heap (Waste rock) area showing surface buildings associated with the Toi Toi shaft. The tramway goods shed and the tracks of the steam-powered tramway. are visible at LH centre and at bottom of the image. Various adits and mining-related tramways are visible in the background.
View along Mullock Heap trestle, looking towards Toi Toi shaft
View of Upper Toi Toi Valley showing various adits and mullock heaps (Waste rock dumps).
Braceman maneuvering ore wagon into cage on upper Brace of Toi Toi shaft.
View of western section of Toi Toi mine workings, showing No.6 adit and ore-Bins and steam-powered tramway tracks. The Toi Toi Shaft and Winding-Engine House is visible in background.
Steam-tramway locomotive No.1 arriving at the battery with a rake of wagons. General view of 60-stamp battery/reduction works and cyanide plant. B&M tanks visible at left, with tracks of steam-powered tramway visible at bottom of photograph.
A general view of the battery / reduction-works area The 60-stamp battery is in the taller part of the large building that also houses the cyanide plant. There is a hand-fired boiler in the smaller foreground shed. The tracks of the steam tramway are just visible
Detail image of the modern Brown and McMiken Air-agitator tanks installed at the Te Kereru Mining and Investment Co. Ltd.'s battery in 1912.
Aerial view of Battery, Company offices, Cyanide plant B&M Tanks, Pump House Tailings Dam and Locomotive Shed.
A detail view of the Company's water-race headstock and siphon, with waste water discharging over the spillway to the right. The Water-race Inspector is visible on the bridge, while his hut is visible behind the telephone pole.
An image of the Company's water-race and its recently-installed and modern telephone system which connects the Battery with the mine. A recent storm has removed the wires so a repairman can be seen on top of the pole, reconnecting the line. His pack horses are grazing patiently below him.
Tramway locomotive shed.
Note: No photographs of the dinosaur have been discovered.
Book Review: 'British Battlecruisers 1905-1920'
Reviewer: NZ Crown Mines)
Title: British Battlecruisers 1905-1920
Author: John Roberts
Compromise can sometimes have unexpected consequences, with 'theory' not being supported by actual experience. So it proved with the 'Battlecruiser-type' warship. In theory a warship which was fast enough to overtake its opponents and (by being equipped with very heavy gun armament), be able to then destroy them, was an excellent idea. The reality was somewhat different, and as with many compromises, it was ultimately unsuccessful in its application.
This volume was originally published in 1997, and revised and reprinted in 2016. It covers the rise and fall of the battlecruiser-type warship within the Royal Navy. Unlike many other works on such vessels, this book concentrates on the technical aspects of the type. Numerous Photographs, Tables, Drawings, Plans and Diagrams, contribute to the narrative. In addition, a set of Original Plans In Colour of HMS Invincible appear in the middle of the work. Looking suitably nostalgic by virtue of the colours employed, these include a fold-out section and are supplemented by an additional monochrome plan (that of HMS Queen Mary, 1913). This resides in a specially-designed pocket inside the back cover.
The volume consists of 16 un-numbered sections. A Preface to New Edition [sic] section is followed by one titled Abbreviations which is devoted to the abbreviations used throughout the work. An Introduction provides details of the World War I operational service of Royal Navy battlecruisers. Three other sections cover the history, development and construction of the battlecruiser-type vessel within the Royal Navy. Additional sections provide detailed analysis of the machinery, armament and armour that such vessels carried. A Summary of Service section details the naval service of most of the vessels referred-to within the volume, although HMS Hood is conspicuously absent. A Sources section serves as a Bibliography. Within each chapter, sequentially-numbered endnote markers are used to provide additional source information. The relevant sources appear in a separate Notes section. An Index is provided. The existence of the previously-mentioned Photographs, Tables, Drawings and Diagrams is not mentioned within the Contents section, while the Index states only that 'Page references in Italics denote photographs / diagrams'.
To this reviewer, this volume's title implied a full history of the battlecruiser type of vessel. Such was not the case. He found instead a work that concentrated almost exclusively on the technical details of the type, and ignored all post-World War I service of its subjects. He was especially surprised to find no mention of HMS Hood (the ultimate, and most famous British battlecruiser) in the volume's Summary of Service section; this despite photographs and technical details of this vessel appearing within the work. As the loss of this ship forms a major part of Great Britain's recent naval history, this is a major omission which reduces the volume's authority.
This volume is likely to appeal to several groups. These could include those seeking technical information concerning Royal Navy battlecruisers per se'. Those interested in sea-going artillery and naval design and Historians with an interest in World War I or in naval, and military matters may find it worthy of inspection. Warship modellers seeking details about specific vessels may also find it a useful source of information. Those seeking details of the post-World War I service of these vessels, and of HMS Hood in particular, are however, likely to be disappointed.
On a Rating Scale (1: Very Poor, 10: Excellent), I give it a 6.
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BOOK REVIEW 'The Fatal Fortress: The Guns and Fortifications of Singapore 1819-1956'
Title: The Fatal Fortress: The Guns and Fortifications of Singapore 1819-1956
Author: Bill Clements
According to well-held popular opinion, the fall of the British possession of Singapore to the Japanese in 1942 was largely the result of 'The guns facing the wrong way; out to sea, when thy should have faced 'inland'; towards the (then) British colony of Malaya (now Malaysia)'. But was this in fact the case?
In this well-written and exhaustively-researched volume, Bill Clements seeks to clarify the situation. His narrative consists of two parallel themes; 'Political' and 'Military'; the former providing 'the reasons why', the latter, the military response.. The tale that results is one of conflicting orders, evolving and changing international policies, self-important experts, technological development and unnecessary expense. An inability to think beyond very fixed perceptions, also contributed to what eventuated. The miracle is that despite all the foregoing, some of the heavy artillery on Singapore was in fact able to contribute to its defence. The unfortunate aspect is that these guns could have done so much more. The facts are presented objectively and in impressive detail. The post-World War II era is also covered. A subsection in the final chapter lists what remains of the fortifications in 2016 and would be a useful guide for any visitor wishing to view what little is left.
The main part of this work consists of 11 Chapters, and three Appendices. Several chapters contain subsections which relate to specific topics within the larger chapter. End-notes are used throughout the book and these are listed in a separate Notes section at the back of the book. A Glossary, Bibliography and Index are also provided. Although Maps and Photographs appear throughout the volume, the Contents page carries no indication of their existence.
For this reviewer, this volume was something of a mixed bag. As already noted, it is well written and researched, the author's enthusiasm for his subject being very evident. The facts are presented in an objective way and the technical details are both comprehensive and informative. There are however some serious omissions in respect of the volume's format. Several chapters contain subsections intended to provide additional information not covered within the main body of that chapter. Their existence (and that of both maps and photographs) is not noted in the Contents section. As a result, should a specific subsection, map or photograph be required, frustrating and time-consuming searching has to be undertaken. As this Reviewer expects the Contents page of a work to accurately reflect what is within its pages, such omissions are unacceptable.
There can be no doubt that this work is authoritative, the quality of the information it contains being such that it may become the standard reference on the subject of Singapore's defences between 1819 and 1956. Purchasers seeking details about the ordnance used during this period will no doubt find it very useful. Military historians seeking a more generalist overview of the island and the battle which resulted in its surrender, are also find likely to find it helpful. Students of World War II, Japanese military history and the history of British South East Asia are also likely to find it informative.
In precis, this work is a well-researched and written history of both Singapore Island and the guns that were intended to defend it when it formed part of the British Empire. As such, it is of high historical value. Unfortunately, the omission of important information from the Contents page, together with the existence of unrecorded maps and photographs within the work itself, serves to reduce the volume's value. Were that it was not so.
On a Rating Scale (1: Very Poor, 10: Excellent), I would give it a 7.
PAGES FROM A SKETCHBOOK: THINGS THAT ARE DRAWN ON WET AFTERNOONS…
January 8, 2017 April 7, 2017 nzcrownminesLeave a comment
A wet afternoon (despite it being high summer), so herewith some doodles. I trust they will be of interest. These are examples of the sorts of machinery and structures associated with underground (reef/hard-rock) gold mining on New Zealand's Coromandel peninsula during the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Centuries.
Media: Unipin-brand black-ink pen (0.1 mm nib) on A5-sized 140gsm white cartridge paper.
All images are copyright.
POPPETT HEAD
Also known as 'Headframes', these structures are placed at the surface (top) of vertical shafts, and, through the use of cables and cages (the equivalent of elevator cars) raise and lower men and materials to various places within the mine.
The various biuldings associated with the mine are visible in the background, with the most important being the Winding Engine House immediately behind the 'head which contains a steam-powered winch. This uses cables, led over large-diameter wheels placed on the top of the 'head and attached to the roofs of the cages to haul these the cages up and down in response to set bell-signals from the miners travelling within them.
Poppett Head and Winding-Engine House with surface buildings,. The flag visible on the on flagpole indicates that Company is on gold.
Winding-engine house and Poppet Head (Headframe), with another Poppet Head and Mullock (waste rock) heap in distance. Ore bin visible at lower right.
Locomotive No.2 at ore bins. Mullock (Waste rock) heap visible at right.
Tramway locomotive setting back (Reversing) with a rake of ore wagons into Battery / Reduction works.
Battery / Reduction-works, showing cyanide plant and associated buildings. A water-race is visible in upper-left background, tramway trestle to upper right.
BOOK REVIEW: 'Images of War: Veteran Lancs; A Photographic Record Of The 35 RAF Lancasters That Each Completed One Hundred Sorties'
January 7, 2017 January 7, 2017 nzcrownminesLeave a comment
Title: Images of War: Veteran Lancs; A Photographic Record Of The 35 RAF Lancasters That Each Completed One Hundred Sorties
Author: Norman Franks
It is a human foible to mark special occasions, irrespective of whether they are birthdays, victories or the rescuing of animals. As proven by this volume, aircraft are not immune from the practice, especially if it is wartime and they have managed to survive long enough (despite concerted enemy actions), to have achieved a centennial; by flying 100 missions over enemy lines.
This volume is of the 'Enthusiasts-picture book' genre. It uses both text and photographs to record the service careers of the Royal Air Force (RAF)'s 35 Avro Lancaster heavy bombers known to have completed at least 100 operational flights over Germany during World War II. A section is also devoted to those Lancaster's' which 'Either through becoming casualties, or war weary or lacking time, did not complete a hundred [missions]'. It is noted that 'These are examples [of such aircraft] rather than a definitive list'.
The book is arranged in six Chapters, each of which covers a specific block of month/s during the period May 1944 -May 1945. Within each chapter, an individual aircraft's history is given in a sequence based on the machine's unique RAF-allocated serial number. A photographic section appears at the end of each chapter, and this also follows the alphabetical serial number sequence. This enables a reader to locate both an individual aircraft's history and the relevant photographs within the chapter's images section. An Acknowledgements section provides source-information for the photographs appearing within the work. An Introduction gives background details relating to operational and technical matters associated with the Avro Lancaster's operational career. There is no Index.
Because of its subject, this volume is encyclopedic in nature. It is well written, and contains a wealth of information about its subjects. The lack of an Index however, requires much unnecessary time-wasting on the reader's part especially if searching for a specific machine or individual. For this reviewer, that is a major difficulty, and serves to reduce the volume's usefulness.
This work may appeal to several groups of readers. These could include Lancaster-enthusiasts, those interested in the Royal Air Force and World War II aviation, together-with aircraft modellers of all scales. Aviation and military historians could also find it worthy of their attention.
The volume may also have some appeal to genealogists and family groups seeking images of members who served on RAF Lancaster's during WWII. The lack of an Index may however preclude any in-depth searching by such readers.
Due to the lack of an Index, on a Rating Scale where 1: Very Poor, 10: Excellent, I would give it a 6. Were that it was not so.


text:
Tangible Sequencer
College & Education articles
Established the sense that characters (and human beings in
Established in the 1970's, the Theatre of the Absurd stated itself to be of, by and for the people engaged in the struggle for liberation. It refers to a literary movement in drama popular throughout Europe. Originating from post-world war two, it was written largely by European writers dating back to the 1950s. It was largely influenced by the political turmoil, scientific breakthrough, and social upheaval that were going on in the world at the time. The atrocities of WWII are considered influential events to the movement, highlighting the precariousness of human existence. Laughter and fantasy were a few of the many tools utilized to satirize our absurd world. The absurd stands for that which is devoid of purpose. It is theatre that seeks to represent the absurdity of human existence in a meaningless universe by bizarre or fantastical means. It is drama that utilizes the abandonment of conventional dramatic form; in order to portray the futility of human struggle in a senseless world. The Theatre of the Absurd uses distorted, abstract or illogical speech as it focuses on the philosophies of existentialism, frequently discussing the meaning behind human existence and the purpose of life. These stories are repeatedly based on a world without meaning, or the actors being controlled as puppets by outside forces. It uses dark humor, with the use of repetitive actions, cynical plots and parodies with attempts to dismiss reality. Absurdist works rarely follow a clear plot, and what action occurs serves only to heighten the sense that characters (and human beings in general) are mere victims of unknown, arbitrary forces beyond their control. Dialogue is often redundant, setting and passage of time within the play unclear, and characters express frustration, confusion, fury or resignation with deep, philosophical questions, such as the meaning of life and death and the existence of God. The absurdists suggest that life is so illogical, just trying to make sense of it is absurd. These playwrights adhered to the theories of French-Algerian philosopher Albert Camus, in particular his essay The Myth of Sisyphus, published in 1942. In this essay, Camus introduced his Philosophy of the Absurd, in which he argues that man's quest for meaning and truth is a futile endeavour; he compares man's struggle to understand the world and the meaning of life to Sisyphus, a famous figure in Greek Mythology condemned to an existence of rolling a heavy stone up a mountain only to watch it roll to the bottom. The plays of Samuel Beckett, Arthur Adamov, and Eugene Ionesco have been performed with astonishing success in France, Germany, Scandinavia, and the English-speaking countries. This reception is all the more puzzling when one considers that the audiences concerned were amused by and applauded these plays; whilst being fully aware that they could not understand what they meant or what their authors were driving at.A few key elements in absurdists performances were that plays categorized in this movement typically represent human existence as nonsensical and often chaotic. Additionally, absurdist works rarely follow a clear plot, and whatever little action occurs, serves only to heighten the sense that characters (and human beings in general) are mere victims of unknown, arbitrary forces beyond their control. Thirdly, dialogue is often redundant; and lastly, the setting and passage of time within the play unclear.Samuel Barclay Becket was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet, who lived in Paris for most of his adult life. He wrote in both English and French and is considered one of the last modernist writers. He was also one of the key figures in what Martin Esslin called the Theatre of the Absurd. Beckett's work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human existence, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour. Early on, he realized his writing had to be subjective, coming from his personal beliefs and experiences. He became increasingly minimalist in his later career but his work always served to break conventional boundaries through the form of setting in order to display characters and objects from an unexpected perspective.In one his most famous works – Act Without Words, Becket was possibly depicting the correlation of one's various materialistic wants and their inability to achieve it. This often leaves them completely restless and unsatisfied. His work could also be interpreted as an impossibility of escaping fate. The mime presents a number of possible interpretations – and this makes a statement in itself. The piece provides his audience with the illusion of choice, reflecting how every opportunity is a possibility; but nothing is real. His work is filled with allusions to other writers. Beckett's plays are not written along traditional lines with conventional plot and time and place references. Instead, he focuses on essential elements of the human condition in dark, humorous ways.He is best known for a piece called Waiting for Godot – his most controversial work so far. The characters of the play are strange caricatures with difficulty communicating the simplest of concepts to one another as they bide their time awaiting the arrival of Godot. The language they use is often ludicrous. Following the cyclical patter, the play seems to end in precisely the same condition it began, with no absolutely real change having occurred. In fact, Waiting for Godot is sometimes referred to as the play where nothing happens. Reflect upon how each form distorts, abstracts or blends space and time to mislead the audienceInvisible Theatre attempts to 'distort' a viewer's perception of space and time as it's purpose is to mislead the audience into believe the performance enacted was their real life. It is an extremely abstract form of theatre, because the spectators are unaware of the existence of the performance itself.It uses the surrounding areas as a stage, unlike methodical theatre, usually set on a in an auditorium with an audience watching the performance. Invisible Theatre misleads the viewer into believing the rehearsed event was a daily example of social injustice.The performers are required to be more aware than ever of the space in which they are performing. They have to keep in mind the audience and judge their responses accordingly. Each actor and unwitting audience often leaves the situation feeling a tangled mess of emotions. This distorts their perceptions toward the incident that just occurred – as after they react, they often reconsider their response as they can analyse how helpful it was by reflecting upon the situation. A vital aspect of Invisible Theatre is the audience's participation. The element of spontaneity and unexpectedness blends interactions between the audience and spectators was natural, and what was scripted.Conversely, the Theatre of the Absurd adopts usage of abstract imagery and ideals. This is done in an attempt to ridicule common notions, effectually blending what is commonly accepted as the purpose of the human life with existentialism. Absurd Theatre came into being around post WWII times. The harsh realities of everyday life and the terse political and social atmosphere played an important role in sparking the concept of this kind of theatre. It is a prime example of how a distorted cultural climate in society can influence its citizens.Absurd Theatre serves to feature the absurdity of human nature through extremely repetitive, disjointed, meaningless or confusing situations. Absurd Theatre has plots lacking logical and realistic development; depicted through highly distorted speech and dialogue.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I was nervous when I first decided to take this class in fear that I may not be interested in the art from prehistoric times. I must now admit that I am pleasantly surprised and how intriguing and fascinating I find these pieces of incredible work and beautiful craftsmanship. I have always found myself interested in Stonehenge and thought that I would lean more towards writing a report on one of the world's biggest mysteries. However, I continued to look at the figures of woman and man and was finding myself imagining a prehistoric woman crafting these two mysterious pieces and could not think of a better topic to end this first chapter that may change my current degree of study.
Figures of Woman and Man were found in a grave in Cernavoda, Romania. They are dated back to around 4500 BCE and are made of ceramic. They stand 4 ½ inches in height which I have learned is a very typical height for figures from this time period. There is a mystery behind these to figures and can make you imagine a number of different meanings and stories behind them. Many of the figures of women from this time period tend to have a similar shape of large breast, wide hips, and a larger stomach. This leads people to believe that it is a symbol of fertility and the importance of woman in the continuation of mankind. Some believe they were used for communication or trade between tribes to let others know that there women were strong, fertile, and capable of carrying a child. This woman has all the same characteristics except for the fact that she appears to be sitting on the ground gazing up at something. Could she be symbolizing a spiritual figure thanking the "Gods" for a child, looking at the beauty of the sky, or maybe staring at the figure of the man that was found with her? No one really knows the true meaning behind her but that is what makes this beautiful figure so mesmerizing.


On Monday, girls across the country will celebrate the Girl Scouts for the 106th birthday. In the Treasure Valley, Troop 479 of Meridian decided to celebrate a day early with senior citizens at the terraces of Boise. Janet Sims is a devoted girl scout.
She joined Troop 344 in Oklahoma City when she was in the second grade. Over the years she has collected 20 badges and has done 65 years of service. The 73-year-old said she is a lifetime member.
On Sunday, Sims helped organize a girl scout birthday party at the Terraces of Boise senior living community. To celebrate the organization's 106-year presence, the girls did arts and crafts with Sims and her friends.Girl Scout Ariel Davis said it was the best way to spend her Sunday.
"It was amazing hearing all of their stories," Davis said.
Davis and Sims bonded over girl scout stories.
"Learning more about their history and how they used to do it and what kind of cookies they use to sell," Davis added.
"I didn't like selling cookies because I had to put myself out there," Sims said.
In the end, Sims said the experienced helped her build confidence.
She added being a girl scout taught her several vital lessons and gave her a sense of being.
"Responsibility, confidence, how to be a good leader, and teamwork," Sims added.
All virtues she said that is best taught through service. Sim was also eager to pass on her memory with the newest generation of young girls. She hopes that these young women will carry on her tradition.


text:
NHL: Sykora was playing with a grade 2 dislocation?
Tuesday, July 21, 2009 / by William DePaoli / / Inside Access, Petr Sykora / 0 comments
Sykora was playing with a grade 2 dislocation?
What we reported in March has been confirmed from both sides as Petr Sykora was playing with a grade-2 dislocation in his right shoulder.
Sykora had 5 goals in his final 33 games.
The injury bothered Sykora at times during the final months of the season but the extent of the injury was not severe at all and both sides aren't using the injury as the sole reason, Sykora struggled
Allan Walsh the agent for Sykora reportedly indicated that Dan Bylsma's system is not a good fit for Sykora.


text:
Buddy thought he just had the flu but ended up losing both hands and feet
By Tracy Bowden
Updated March 04, 2019 21:22:02
Photo: Buddy Miller says he's happy to have lost his hands and feet because it saved his life. (ABC News: Jerry Rickard)
Map: Sydney 2000
Jason "Buddy" Miller is a glass half-full kind of man, which is just as well given the curve ball life has thrown at him.
Buddy Miller thought he had the flu and put off seeing a doctor
He ended up with septic shock and had both hands and feet amputated
Doctors and family say he remained upbeat throughout his ordeal
Four months ago he was working as crew on Sydney's Manly ferry, spending his days travelling back and forth across the harbour. It was a job he loved.
But the 48-year-old has just spent more than 100 days in hospital and had both his hands and feet amputated, after what he thought was the flu nearly killed him.
It all started in October last year, just after he returned from a holiday in the Philippines.
"I had a sore throat, body aching. I should have gone to the doctors earlier but I waited an extra day to see if I could feel better and go back to work," he told 7.30.
Photo: Buddy Miller working on the Manly ferry. (Supplied)
By the time he arrived at the emergency department at Sydney's Northern Beaches Hospital, he was critically ill with septic shock and organ failure.
"They told me I had one hour, that's all I had left in me. One hour and I wouldn't have made it," he said.
"That's how quick I went from having a great time to almost being dead."
Infectious diseases specialist Dr Michael Mina said "none of us thought he would survive".
"He had septic shock to the degree that probably most doctors have never seen before," Dr Mina said.
From a sore throat to being on life support
Photo: Buddy Miller in intensive care. As well as his hands and feet turning black, so did his lips and nose. (Supplied)
At first doctors thought Buddy may have picked up a bug overseas.
"Every possible antibiotic was given to him, thinking of rare imported infections. But it turned out to be your bog standard streptococcus infection ... and aerococcus infection," Dr Mina said.
The doctors said that in its early stages, the infection could have been resolved with a simple dose of penicillin.
"When you have this overwhelming infection your circulation shuts down, you don't get enough blood going to your tissues and they die, and that's exactly what happened to him."
Buddy's family rushed to the hospital. His mother Clare Miller came from Taree on the New South Wales mid-north coast and has been with her son every day since.
"We just couldn't believe that in a matter of days he'd gone from having a sore throat to being on life support," sister-in-law Kate Munn said.
Photo: Buddy, in hospital when his hands were black, gets a hug from daughter Jhayda. (Supplied)
Buddy regained consciousness after seven days to find his hands and feet were swollen and black. Doctors explained he would most likely lose them.
The sepsis and the drugs given to save his life had reduced blood circulation to his arms and legs.
Buddy is remarkably philosophical about the situation.
"They had to ... keep all the [vital] organs alive — my brain, my heart, my lungs and not worry about me extremities," he said.
"So I'm happy to have to lose my hands and my feet. I'm happy with that deal rather than not being here talking to you, so I'll take that deal any day."
'A delightful character'
Photo: Buddy Miller talks to orthopaedic surgeon Dr David Carmody before his leg amputation surgery. (ABC News: Jerry Rickard)
Kate is not surprised Buddy is so upbeat and pragmatic.
"He's always had this 'she'll be right' attitude," she said.
The medical staff have also been touched by Buddy's sunny outlook.
"I will never forget the day I walked into the intensive care unit and saw him sitting up in bed and it struck me, this massive radiant smile," Dr Mina said.
"He was such a delightful character and thankful to be alive."
Doctors waited a number of weeks before the amputations, hoping that his hands and feet might re-vascularise and recover, but that did not happen.
Photo: Surgeons prepare Buddy Miller's lower legs for amputation. (ABC News: Jerry Rickard)
Buddy's hands were amputated in January and orthopaedic surgeon Dr David Carmody performed a below-knee amputation on both his legs this month.
Before the operation, Dr Carmody told 7.30: "He can't move his feet at all and he can't move his ankles, so none of the tendons and muscles are alive, there is nothing there to keep the tissues alive, so any attempts at reconstruction would fail.
"We just want him to be able to get on with his rehab and get some prosthesis fitted, then he can at least walk."
'Are you going to be like a robot?'
Photo: Buddy Miller says daughter Jayda is "a good little trooper". (ABC News: Jerry Rickard)
Buddy shares custody of his seven-year-old daughter Jhayda and was concerned she would be frightened when she first saw him.
"She found out daddy is going to lose his hands and feet, and she just said, 'What happens next?'," he said.
"I said they are going to give me new ones, and she says, 'What, are you going to be like a robot?' I went yes, I'll be like a robot. That was it.
"She's got no problem cuddling me. She's a good little trooper.
"For the rest of my life I want to be that daddy who's looking after her and protecting her."
Buddy's family is keenly aware there is a long road ahead as he recovers and plans the rest of his life. They are holding events to raise funds for his future and have started a GoFundMe page.
Photo: Buddy Miller with a stubby holder custom-made by a friend. (ABC News: Jerry Rickard)
Kate knows there will be times when his positive outlook is tested.
'The sooner he can hit those dips, he can regain ground and start to move on," she said.
"He can no longer work his job, fetch a drink, toilet himself. It is a huge level of adjustment, but the fact that he can still throw his arms around his little girl, that's what makes all the difference."
Buddy remains upbeat.
"I've been lucky to have all the support I've got and happiness around me," he said.
"I've got through the danger part and the surgery part then I've got the rehab part, so I am now almost two parts then onto the third stage. Then the Paralympics!"
Watch this story on 7.30.
Topics: medical-procedures, health, doctors-and-medical-professionals, sydney-2000
First posted March 04, 2019 19:33:07
WA child facing deportation over disability offered hope in form of waiver


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text:
// ...

#include "gtest/gtest.h"

TEST(intArrayList_stream_opsTest, out) {
  // ...
}

TEST(intArrayList_stream_opsTest, in) {
  // ...
}

TEST(intArrayList_stream_opsTest, erroneousSizeIn) {
  // ...
}

TEST(intArrayList_stream_opsTest, erroneous1stElemIn) {
  // ...
}

TEST(intArrayList_stream_opsTest, erroneous2ndElemIn) {
  // ...
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This document describes the data files used for all analyses in 'Veltsos et al. Sexual selection on song and cuticular hydrocarbons in two distinct populations of Drosophila montana'.
MaleSong.txt - data on males and their song used in song only analysis (526 individuals).
FemaleCHC.txt - data on females and their CHCs used in the female CHC analysis (457 individuals).
MaleSongCHC.txt - data on males and their song and CHCs, used in the combined analysis (442 individuals).
The first columns in the text files were used in the models. They were 14, 20 and 14 variables for MaleSong.txt, FemaleCHC.txt and MaleSongCHC.txt respectively (up to 'timeSong' in all datasets). The remaining columns contain raw data that were used to generate some of those first columns (for example the CHC data from which principal components were calculated).
There is a smaller lower number of individuals in MaleSongCHC.txt compared to MaleSong.txt because some males were lost before extracting CHCs, or because CHC extraction data were of low quality. There were no individuals with CHC data but no song data.
gen - Generation: The only random variable in any model.
pop - Population: Vancouver or Oulanka.
timeCopul - Time to mating since song started, which is a proxy for when the flies start interacting. It was used in the copulation latency models.
mating - Binomial trait, used to estimate the significance of explanatory variables for mating success within 10 min.
rel_mating - Mating from above, converted to relative mating for estimating effect sizes for mating success within 10 min.
resist and rel_resist - As for mating, for the models with female rejection song.
song(PN, FRE, IPI, CN)_norm - Normalised song characters so that their variation is comparable.
song_norm_sq - Square term for the same values, added in models to estimate quadratic effects.
CHC_MF_pc# - (note, # stands for a number). CHC principal component #, used in the models. CHC proportions to total CHC in an individual (e.g. C#.#pc/di) were log transformed (to C#.#pc/di.logcontr) to generate principal components using data from both sexes (notNormCHC_MF_pc#). These were transformed to have a total variance of 1 (by dividing with the square root of the sum of the variance of all the scores) to make the song and CHC PCs directly comparable.
CHC_MF_pc#_sq - The above numbers squared, they were used as explanatory variables to estimate quadratic selection on CHCs.
song_pc# - Principal components of the normalised song characters (song_norm), after being transformed to have a total variance of 1.
song_pc#_sq - The above numbers squared, to estimate quadratic selection in the models.


New York's Brian Piñeyro has toiled under a number of aliases since he first first broke cover as DJ Wey, back in 2015. Back then, his strand of house music was aligned with Ital's Lovers Rock label, but he's been careful to not stay still for long, switching styles and monikers to keep pace with his own divergent tastes. Still, it's as DJ Python that his reputation has really spread the furthest. In this guise he makes "deep reggaeton" (his words), a kind of stripped, back variant of the sound that blends with atmospheric house and techno. Last year, Piñeyro kicked off Anthony Naples' label Incensio with debut full-length, Dulce Compañia, one of Crack Magazine's albums of 2017.
This hour-long excursion for our Crack Mix series demonstrates his grasp of atmospheres, delivered with an effortlessness we've come to expect. Humid and close, the mix begins distinctly downtempo before drifting, like a warm current, through low-slung house, grime, and – of course – the mutant reggaeton we've come to expect. Perfect for summer, but better when the sun goes down.


Inch of Creativity: Another 3 Tier Pull Card!
Another 3 Tier Pull Card!
The other day I shared a Three Tier Pull card, and in that post I mentioned that it was for a class. Well, I thought I would show you the other Three Tier Pull card that we made that day.
For this card I used the beautiful stamp set: Lots of Love!
My colour combo, which was inspired by the DSP that we used (Whole Lot of Love), is: Kraft (cardstock) (available in the 2017 Holiday Catalogue), Soft Suede (ink & cardstock), Tranquil Tide (marker and ribbon), Pear Pizzazz (marker), Daffodil Delight (marker) and Whisper White (cardstock).
To learn this fold, I looked on Pinterest for tutorials and the one I referenced the most was by Dawn Griffith. I did change a few minor measurements but nothing major. You can find her tutorial HERE.
You are so professional in making the cards and the perfection and the beauty you have in your cards are super amazing. Really liking your work.
I see that you really liked this pair of products. I like when new hair care suit from the first time you apply it. I have a rule to read Premieressay first and only than purchase something unknown. Of course I can give a chance for products that were brought to my house as free samples but this is the only situation when I can try something without detailed research.


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When the 1873 came out it was a paradigm shift. A repeating rifle that was as reliable and capable as it was practical. However, it was still a pistol caliber carbine. For real rifle work, you had to go to something like an 1869 Sharps, a Ballard Perfection rifle, or a Remington Rolling Block. That's what buffalo hunters used. What these long range, big game guns had in common was that they were all single shot firearms. The Winchester Model 1876 changed that forever.
Winchester's marketing slogan was quite a bold statement, but one that was not braggadocio. When the Model 70 was introduced – way back in 1936 – it represented what I consider to be the ultimate culmination of the American bolt-action hunting rifle. It had all of the necessary appointments: a strong action – closely related to the Mauser Gewehr 98 – with a reliable extractor, capable of handling the highest of cartridge pressures, a well-fitting stock, an excellent trigger and a three-position safety which would (eventually) work perfectly with a rifle scope.
We hunters, especially those of you – who like me – enjoy carrying a bolt-action rifle for big game, owe a helluva lot to a German gentleman named Mauser. Peter Paul von Mauser, to be specific. A brilliant designer, Herr Mauser gave us not only the 7×57 and 8×57 cartridges, but the Gewehr 98 rifle, which would set the standard for bolt-action rifle reliability that stands to this day. The Mauser name – synonymous in the firearms world with the reputation that German engineering has secured – is one that hunters have come to rely on for a century and a quarter.
There is an old adage that "there are bold gunfighters and there are old gunfighters, but that there are no old, bold gunfighters." Bat Masterson was one of the few exceptions. Long after Dodge City was behind him Bat kept the legend alive, not as a gunfighter or lawman but as a journalist; proof perhaps, that the pen is indeed mightier than the sword, or the gun!
The active pursuit of dangerous game is far and away my favorite style of hunting. The gear required for hunting dangerous game — specifically the rifle — must be rock solid, as with failure comes the potential for loss of life.
Winchester 94 38-55 Octagon Barrel - MFG 1911 - Free Shipping !!!
Winchester 94 Lever Action - 32 Winchester - MFG 1928 - Free Shipping !!
Winchester Model 94 SADDLE RING CARBINE Lever Action Rifle ~ .32W.S. ~ 1926 Mfg.


text:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="org.food.safety.trace.entity">
    <class name="Menu">
        <meta attribute="extends">org.food.safety.trace.dto.MenuView</meta>

        <meta attribute="class-description">菜单信息</meta>

        <id name="id"
            length="128" type="string">
            <meta attribute="field-description">id</meta>
            <generator class="uuid.hex"/>
        </id>
        <property name="organization" type="string" length="128" >
            <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-list">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="rules-required">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">Select</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-value">combobox</meta>
            <meta attribute="ref-type">Organization</meta>
            <meta attribute="field-description">组织</meta>
        </property>
        <property name="name" type="string" length="16">
            <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-list">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-search">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="rules-required">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">Input</meta>
            <meta attribute="field-description">名称</meta>
        </property>
        <property name="icon" type="string" length="32">
            <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-list">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="rules-required">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">Input</meta>
            <meta attribute="field-description">图标</meta>
        </property>
        <property name="route" type="string" length="64">
            <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-list">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="rules-required">false</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">Input</meta>
            <meta attribute="field-description">路由</meta>
        </property>
        <property name="mpid" type="string" length="128">
            <meta attribute="use-in-tostring">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="use-in-list">true</meta>
            <meta attribute="rules-required">false</meta>
            <meta attribute="ref-type">Menu</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">Select</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-value">combobox</meta>
            <meta attribute="field-description">父级菜单</meta>
        </property>
        <property name="createTime" type="timestamp" not-null="true" insert="false" update="false" generated="insert">
            <meta attribute="field-description">创建时间</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-type">DatePicker</meta>
            <meta attribute="item-value">yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</meta>

            <column name ="createTime" default="CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" >
                <comment>创建时间</comment>
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    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>


Several years ago, a book by bestselling author Ken Blanchard claimed the best way to business success was through creating raving fans. Nothing proves that theory more today than the phenomenal success of eBay.
As regular readers of this magazine know, we at Entrepreneur are big eBay proponents. For the past two years, I have been involved with eBay Live!-eBay's annual meeting-where last year more than 10,000 eBayers converged to learn how to improve their eBay businesses; network with fellow members of the eBay community (that is what the eBay corporation and eBay sellers consider themselves-one big, happy community); and swap and trade pins, cards and other soon-to-be collectibles.
I've attended eBay University and been a judge for several of their contests. And I just returned from a trip to Washington, DC, where the company staged a "United States of eBay" event-sending their buyers and sellers out to meet their congressional representatives and discuss issues important to the eBay community. We've written a lot about how you can make money by starting an eBay business or by adding an eBay component to your existing company, as well as how you can save money by shopping eBay for many of your business's needs. This fall, we will be publishing a magazine, a guide to eBay business, in conjunction with eBay.
I'm sharing all this with you because there's a lot that all entrepreneurs can learn from eBay's achievements. Meg Whitman, eBay's president and CEO, recently told me one of the keys to eBay's success: the "power of many." This "many" is "the community of users who have built" eBay. The company thrives, Whitman says, because of the "unique partnership between eBay and its community of users."
EBay is well aware that its success depends on its 45 million active users. All members of the community are equally valued-Sears and IBM get no better deals or incentives than the Missouri eBayer who sells tractors or the couple from Colorado who were able to launch a successful cheese-making business by taking advantage of the steep discounts on equipment found on eBay.
That community-building translates to almost idol worship. I've seen Whitman at several eBay events, and she is always mobbed by her "constituents." She walks into a room, and they rush her as if she were a rock star. It helps that, despite running a $2.17 billion business, Whitman is incredibly approachable. But it also stems from her being in touch, both with the needs of her employees and with the demands of eBay buyers and sellers.
All entrepreneurs have a constituency. But too many of you are so busy running your businesses that you don't take the time or make the effort to find out what they want, what they need or what they're thinking. Most business owners serve two fronts, your employees and your customers. As the economy improves, your staff is beginning to look elsewhere for employment. What are you doing to make them stick around? Whitman believes, "Within some boundaries of reason, accommodating people's individual needs is an important thing." Remember, it's not always money that talks. Employees often seek the intangible benefits that won't actually cost you much but can gain you plenty.
What about your customers and clients? When's the last time you had a conversation with them? I'm not talking about a meeting where you try to sell them something. Instead, try just talking with them about their challenges, frustrations and goals. What do you do that helps them? Is there more you can do for them?
Another secret to eBay's success is, according to Whitman, "focus." Whitman says this may seem counterintuitive-so many entrepreneurs think that to be successful, they need to serve numerous market segments. But Whitman believes businesses "can be bigger by being more focused. Figure out who your customer is and how [you] can best serve that customer's needs." Whitman believes, as I do, that there are still many niches in the market that are underserved. As Whitman puts it, "People think niche is small. Sometimes niche equals big."


text:
require 'action_view'
require 'active_support/core_ext'

module TrixEditorHelper
  mattr_accessor(:id, instance_accessor: false)
  class_variable_set('@@id', 0)

  def trix_editor_tag(name, value = nil, options = {})
    options.symbolize_keys!

    css_class = Array.wrap(options[:class]).join(' ')
    attributes = { class: "formatted_content trix-content #{css_class}".squish }
    attributes[:autofocus] = true if options[:autofocus]
    attributes[:input] = options[:input] || "trix_input_#{TrixEditorHelper.id += 1}"

    valid_html_options = [:placeholder, :spellcheck, :toolbar, :tabindex]
    attributes.merge!(options.slice(*valid_html_options))

    editor_tag = content_tag('trix-editor', '', attributes)
    input_tag = hidden_field_tag(name, value, id: attributes[:input])

    input_tag + editor_tag
  end
end

module ActionView
  module Helpers
    include TrixEditorHelper

    module Tags
      class TrixEditor < Base
        include TrixEditorHelper
        delegate :dom_id, to: :'@template_object'

        def render
          options = @options.stringify_keys
          add_default_name_and_id(options)
          options['input'] ||= dom_id(object, [options['id'], :trix_input].compact.join('_'))
          trix_editor_tag(options.delete('name'), value_before_type_cast(object), options)
        end
      end
    end

    module FormHelper
      def trix_editor(object_name, method, options = {})
        Tags::TrixEditor.new(object_name, method, self, options).render
      end
    end

    class FormBuilder
      def trix_editor(method, options = {})
        @template.trix_editor(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options))
      end
    end
  end
end


In today's editing, a quotation from a book had a suspicious mistake in it.
I found the book on Google Books, and was able to find the exact text of the quotation and fix the mistake. Isn't that fantastic?
Today I have been editing a medical-type research paper. To check the references, I consulted PubMed. PubMed is fantastic; nearlly all the medical references are listed on it and it's free. This is very helpful if you only need to check spellings, or look for the correct volume and page numbers. There are also links to full articles, if these are freely available.


Robinson Jackson are delighted to present this rarely available gem. Having been owned by the same family from new and located in the heart of sought after Crockenhill Village within walking distance to Swanley Station which offers fast trains to London Victoria is this impressive 5 Bedroom Family home. Having been considerately extended in the 1970's to create 2 extra bedrooms, kitchen/breakfast room and integral garage to accommodate the needs of the family. Now it is time for another family to fall in love and create their ideal home.
Rear Garden Offering a private and secluded retreat with raised grass lawn catching every last ray of sunshine surrounded by mature planted borders descending to an attractive paved patio. Secure gated access.
Garage Up and over door. Double glazed window to side. Secure access to utility. Power and light.
Front Garden Divided between attractive grass lawn with planted border and driveway providing off street parking.
Double glazed door and window to front and window to side.
Offering access to reception room, family room, kitchen/breakfast room, cloakroom and stairs to first floor. Radiator.
Double glazed half bay window to front. Feature fire place. Radiator. Open to dining area.
Double glazed patio doors to rear. Radiator. Open plan to reception room. Door to family room.
Double glazed window to rear. Radiator. Doors to kitchen and hall.
Double glazed window and door to rear. Offering a range of matching wall and base cabinets with countertop over. Inset sink and gas hob. Integrated double oven. Space for washing machine, fridge/freezer. Door to garage.
Located betwixed the kitchen and garage.
Opaque double glazed window to front. Low level wc. Wash basin. Radiator.
Offering access to all bedrooms, family bathroom and loft.
Double glazed window to front. Integrated wardrobes. Radiator.
Double glazed window to rear. Integrated wardrobes. Radiator. Airing cupboard.
Double glazed window to rear. Integrated wardrobes. Radiator.
Double glazed window to front. Built in storage. Radiator.
Opaque double glazed window to rear. Enclosed panelled bath with glass screen and shower over. Wash basin. Low level wc. Radiator.
Disclaimer - Property reference SWL180301. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Robinson Jackson, Swanley Resale. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.


Thongz footUndeez™ protect the balls of your feet whilst giving a barely-there look but with a little extra sparkle. Its four way stretch spandex material is both breathable and stable thanks to the sewn in fore foot pads. Two Capezio logo elastics will keep footUndeez™ in place during the toughest of routines. Recommended for lyrical and modern classes.


[Featured image for ALDUB Pagbangon from @TalkNText.] Before anything else, Boss Joey de Leon greeted Bossing Vic Sotto. "Pare, alam mo naman. Wala akong maibibigay sa yo pag Pasko kundi I love you, pare." (Dude, you already knew. I don't have anything to give you this Christmas but I love you, dude.) He then proceeded to hug his pal of more than 4 decades. A friendship that spanned more years that the 36-year legacy that is Eat Bulaga.
The ALDUB Pagbangon episode officially opens with Divina tending to her "isaw" (grilled chicken intestines) stall. She was DUBsmashing to Mariah Carey's "My All" while fanning the grill. The Kalye's Angels – Donya Tidora, Lola Nidora and Donya Tinidora are nowhere around. But the Rogelio Rogelio Rogelio are present. So she's left to attract customers on her own. The KalyeSerye commentators can tell how hardup the House of De Explorer entourage had gotten. "Bili naman kayo o. Sige na." (Buy now. Please.) Sometimes the Rogelio would try attracting some interested buyers.
But Divina put a price tag too steep for the customers to consider buying. It was revealed when Bossing Vic asked her. Divina replied. "Sampu po. Sampung libo." (It's ten. Ten thousand.) Bossing Vic understood Divina's problem at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. "Kaya naman pala walang bumibili eh." (No wonder no one is buying.) While tending to the sticks of "isaw" and to passersby she's trying to convince, the phone rang. She unlocked the phone using some air behind her. It made Allan K ask her to unlock her phone again just to be sure he saw the password right.
It was Lola Nidora on the phone. Divina just repeated her instructions on the phone for the audience watching the ALDUB Pagbangon episode to hear. "Hello, Lola. Asan na po kayo? Ay, ganun po ba? Sige po. Sige po. Ikumusta nyo na lang po ako diyan. Wag po kayong mag-alala. Kasama ko naman po yung mga Rogelio saka si Rihanna. Saka si Dora. Ingat po kayo diyan sa Dipolog ha?" (Hello, granny. Where are you? Oh, is that so? Okay. Okay. Please send my regards. Don't worry. I am with the Rogelio and Rihanna. And Dora. Be safe always in Dipolog okay?) The Rogelio Rogelio Rogelio were shown wearing blue barongs that had seen better days. On why they stayed despite the uncertainty of another payday? It must have been loyalty.
Divina agreed with Lola Nidora on the phone regarding the possible help to be solicited. "Naku, oo nga po eh. Sana po matulungan nila tayo." (Yes indeed. I hope they get to help us.) After talking to Lola Nidora, Divina pitched her "isaw" sticks to Bossing Vic. "Bossing, bili ka na po." (Bossing, please buy.) It was more of a plea than a pitch at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode though.
Divina asked the Rogelio Rogelio Rogelio in selling the sticks of "isaw". Shortly after Tenten left, Alden appeared on the spot. "May naiwan si Mama Ten." (Mama Ten left something.) He then showed a fruit basket for Divina to eat. Alden and Divina then had a DUBsmash exchange to enjoy as well. Alden rubbed off the charcoal stain from Divina's forehead with his thumb. The soot from the barbecue grill almost ruined Divina's makeup. She finally had time at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode to eat a fruit with Alden. Alden bit the part of the apple that Divina bit.
Divina liked Alden's jacket. "Uy! Pareho tayo ng jacket ha?" (Hey! We have the same jacket, huh?) Alden knew that Divina is referring to the jacket he gave at the ALDUB 21st Weeksary too. "Buti naman sinuot mo." (Good thing you wore it.) He then realized that Divina is alone. "Nasan sina lola?" (Where are the grannies?) Divina mentioned that they are in Dipolog. Alden found himself in luck. "Buti na lang sakto yung punta ko rito. Buti na lang malapit yung barangay. Divina was thankful for the company at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode.
Bossing Vic saw a single white female behind them. "Ayan! May customer!" (Here! A customer!) Allan K found her familiar. "Si Cindy na naman yan?" (Is that Cindy again?) It was Cindy. Divina herself confirmed it. At first she tried to buy some "isaw" with her broken Tagalog. Alden was quick to ask Cindy. "Why are you here?" Divina picked a stick for Cindy. "Eto oh. Yung hilaw pa." (Here. Have a half-cooked one.) Cindy then recognized Alden and greeted him. It scared the sh*t out of Alden at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. "No! Bad ka! Bad ka!" (You're bad! You're bad!) Alden ended up sounding a little like little Baste in avoiding Cindy.
Divina tried to appease Alden in the same way as little Baste. "Be nice. Be nice." Divina's frown was a little obvious. Alden was visibly scared. It reminded him of the time when Cindy almost literally threw him at the ALDUB 18th Weeksary episode. "Yaya, hello." Divina tried to be civil towards Cindy at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. "Nice to see you again." Seems like she has recovered from her amnesia from the ALDUB Stay Strong episode. No Frankie in tow though. But her accent is still evident at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. Cindy then hugged Alden. Alden is too scared to respond to the hug.
In broken Tagalog, Cindy tried to talk to Alden and Divina. "Ano ginagawa nyo dito?" (What are you doing here?) Her Tagalog was so broken. Boss Joey openly doubted Cindy's recovery as of the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. Alden then obeyed Divina and tried to be nice to Cindy. "Actually, Cindy. Long time no see. How are you?" When asked how is she doing so far. Cindy replied. "I'm okay now. Just temporary amnesia." No details how she got her memory back though.
Cindy then revealed her falling out with Donya Babah. "Do you know Lola Babah got mad of me? And she doesn't talk with me anymore." Alden himself hasn't talked to Donya Babah for quite some time. "Hindi nga nagpakita si Lola. Nasa farm pa." (She hasn't even showed herself. She's still at the farm.) Bossing Vic had to rephrase some of the things that Cindy said to make sure that he heard her right at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. Bossing Vic also verified if Donya Babah is now at the farm. Alden reiterated what he said earlier. "Busy po sa pagfa-farm, Bossing. Hanggang ngayon, di pa rin po ako kinakausap." (She's busy at the farm. Until now, she still hasn't talked to me.) Bossing had heard enough and let Cindy talk.
And talk Cindy did. In Russian. She loves her language so much. She didn't mind if the people around her didn't understand a thing. Divina then unleashed some gibberish that sounded like Chinese. Alden had to ask Divina. "Ano sabi?" (What did she say?) Divina then admitted. "Hindi ko rin alam eh." (I don't know either.) Cindy then said goodbye. Divina and Alden bid her goodbye as well at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode.
Divina liked how Cindy explained herself. "Mabait naman itong si Cindy eh." (Cindy is nice after all.) Alden considered the amnesia as a blessing in disguise. "Buti na lang nagka-amnesia." (Good thing she got amnesia.) Divina found that thought rude. Even to someone like Cindy. Alden explained. "Eh kasi kundi siya nagka-amnesia, natuloy ang kasal. Wala ako sa tabi mo ngayon." (If she didn't get amnesia, the wedding pushed through. I won't be beside you now.) It's the part in the ALDUB Pagbangon episode that Divina agreed with. Alden then asked for a kiss. Only for Divina to thwart that attempt again. So he had to settle for a DUBsmash exchange. For now.
Divina insisted that it's nothing. "Alden, wag na nga nating pag-usapan. Ikaw naman eh. Inuubos mo yung tinda ko! Pambaon ko yan bukas! Respeto naman, Alden!" (Let's not talk about it. Please. You're consuming my goods! That's for my allowance tomorrow! Show some respect!) Alden had several sticks eaten in front of the camera.
Alden had to repeat himself before Divina gets distracted again. "Ano ba nakasulat dun? Personal ba? Personal ba? Gusto mo bang mag-audition ulit? Gusto mo bang mag-host ng pababa ulit?" (What is written there? Is it personal? Is it personal? You want another audition? You want another "pababa" hosting stint again?) Divina isn't talking. But she nudged Alden with her foot. Alden blew Divina's cover to Bossing Vic. "Sumisipa sa ilalim, Bossing." (She's kicking me underneath.) Bossing Vic then asked if there are any jokes at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode.
Alden relayed the question to Divina. Divina shot the question back to Alden. "Ikaw? May joke ka ba?" (You? Got a joke?) Alden sensed Divina's irritation. "Ba't galit ka? Nagtatanong lang naman eh." (Why so mad? I'm just asking.) Divina admitted getting irritated. "Ang kulit mo eh. Sinabi nang wag pag-usapan. Kinukulit mo pa ako eh." (You're so persistent. I already said not to talk about it. And you're messing with me.) Alden begged. "Mag-usap tayo." (Let's talk it over.) Divina said no.
Alden kept begging at the ALDUB Pagbagon episode. "Sabihin mo na, please. Ano bang laman nung sulat? Mapagkakatiwalaan mo naman ako. Di ba nga? BFF mo ko?" (Please tell me. What are the contents of the letter? You can trust me. Isn't it? I'm your BFF?) Allan K interpreted BFF though. "Boyfriend forever?" Alden happily snapped at Allan K. "Huy!" Even if Alden's tone got chirpy with Allan K's remark. Divina is still in her sullen self.
Divina left instructions first to the Rogelio Rogelio Rogelio before going with Alden to the chosen winner's house. "Kayo po muna magbantay niyan. Salamat po. Dapat po pagbalik ko, ubos na yung benta ha?" (Please watch over this for the meantime. Thank you. All of them should be gone by the time I get back, okay?) Alden reached for his umbrella to assist Divina on their way out. The rains hasn't stopped as of the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. Also, Alden had to be extra alert in protecting Divina [Maine] from random erratic fans. Like the fans who slipped through security to kiss Maine.
Alden knew very little about Dodong. So he had to ask. "Wala ba siyang address? Wala ka bang number niya?" (Hasn't he got any address? Or number maybe?) Divina found none in the letter sent in the ALDUB Bagong Simula episode. "Wala eh. Mansion lang yung alam niya." (No. The only address he knew is the mansion.) Alden made a plan for the meantime at the ALDUB Pagbangon episode. "Sige. Ganito na lang. Gagawa tayo ng paraan. Ang mahalaga, alam nating buhay ang tatay mo." (Okay. Let's do it this way. We'd make a way. What's important is we both know that your father is alive.) Divina made Alden promise again. "Basta promise mo. Wag mo muna itong sasabihin kay lola ha?" (Promise me. Don't tell granny this for now okay?) The truck horn honked off, signaling the end of the ALDUB Pagbangon episode.
What plan is Alden out to prepare for Divina? How long would the grannies be kept out of the dark? Tune in to Eat Bulaga. Monday to Saturday at noontime. Like Eat Bulaga's official Facebook page to catch the ALDUB Pagbangon episode replay.
With Donya Tinidora not around, no Gasgas will read his spiel. Allan K believed that Maine Mendoza can do it. But she just DUBsmashed the spiel. Alden read Gasgas' spiel. Aldenn and Maine ended up sharing the spotlight because of this. What lies ahead with Divina finally searching her remaining parent? More episode recaps here at The Philippines Web. Liking us on Facebook and following us on Twitter would keep you abreast of the latest episode recaps. We'd be expecting you.


text:
The Best Casino Games for Windows PC and Mobile
If you frequently visit the Gamblingkingz website, you'll have noticed that the available range of casino games continues to grow at pace.
This great news for avid and casual gamblers alike, while those with Windows devices will also be buoyed by the news that Microsoft kicked off 2018 by releasing a brand new, mobile operating system update.
With this in mind, we thought we'd assess the best casino games currently available on the Windows PC and mobile platforms.
AE Blackjack Online
As you can probably glean from the title of this popular Windows 10 game, this online extravaganza focuses on blackjack.
Offering Facebook support and the capacity to play as a guest, this game delivers bonuses and immersive gameplay in equal measure, while there are multiple tables with variable betting limits available for you to join.
At present, new players can start with up to $1,300 in chips, while it's possible to purchase more through in-app purchases as the game progresses.
This game also has an advanced chat feature that allows for advanced interaction between players, which helps to replicate the social element of corporeal gambling in a digital environment.
Crazy Casino
In simple terms, the Crazy Casino platform offers access to a collection of games, which are laid out innovatively in the style of a classic slot machine. A popular Windows 10 app, this freemium casino includes a wide diversity of games, including iterations of blackjack, mobile pokers and contemporary slots.
In total, there are 10 unique games available, including five online slots, two blackjack titles and two more poker iterations.
Each game is progressively unlocked as the winnings grow, while the associated betting limits will also increase over time.
The platform also offers access to numerous mini-games, which can be unlocked by buying a daily ticket. This enables you to earn bonus coins as you play, so it's definitely something that should appeal to serious gamblers.
Simon's Slots
Make no mistake; slots remain the single most popular type of casino game available in the digital age. Some even suggest that slots account for 80% of the income generated by online casinos; such is their popularity in 2018.
If you're one of the nation's army of slots fans, Simon's Slot casino game is definitely the one for you. The freemium, Windows 10 game is available on both desktop and mobile devices, while it includes a variety of themed slot machines that appeal to a huge range of tastes.
In fact, there are a total of 30 slots to choose from, with themes ranging from vampire fables to fun cat narratives.
Each game boasts a different minimum bet, so there's something for both casual and serious gamblers alike. It's also possible to self-regulate wagers, so you can tailor your gaming experience according to your bankroll and appetite for risk.
These games offer diverse and engaging experiences to gamblers, while the fact they are free to access means that you have complete autonomy in terms of how and when you spend your money. They also highlight the quality of casino games available through the Windows platform, which continues to improve with every passing year.
The original version of Windows 10 Mobile is no longer supported
Alcatel IDOL 4S is now only $100 from the Microsoft Store
Reasons Why Canadians Should Consider Playing Mobile Casino Games... July 12, 2018 | Paul
Angry Birds games will no longer be supported for Windows... July 12, 2016 | Michael
Microsoft buys Minecraft maker Mojang for $2.5 billion... September 15, 2014 | Windows Phone Area