Were an absolute disgrace today.......let Bruce down big time, no heart, no fight, no brains, nothing. Players should re-imburse their fans for that excuse for a performance.
Delighted for the man, Just shows how much the players are behind him, They fought to the final whistle(derby or not).
At 4-0 Sunderland just ran around trying to injure the Newcastle players. For a 10 minute period Cattermole was a disgrace with his tackles. Bruce thankfully gave him the hook after it.
I forgot about Double Maxim and his crew.
Superb win for us hopefully will shut the hughton anti brigade up, man is a legend IMO great manager working with limited resources compared to previuos managers who have done a worse job.
Absolutely gutted and ashamed to call myself a Sunderland fan after watching that Bruce cant be spared from criticism he"s after spending a fortune since he"s taken over....No fight or passion in a derby match Thinking about heading to watch them away to Chelsea after that result it could be put on the back burner!!!
Great win for newcastle, glad for hughton aswell, has done a terrific job, cant see why there is an anti hughton brigade up there at all. Great hat trick for nolan, his sisters will be delighted.
SAFC were dreadful today and a disgrace to the shirt.
Bruce needs to take a good look at himself 4 5 1 nonsense yet again.
What ever happened to your support of Arsenal & the Gers and do you actually attend any Shels matches !
shame hughton has to manage the club with the scummiest, most fickle fans in england. wishhim well as a manager, but not with the barcodes.
Shocking performance the pressure is right on Bruce now.
hughton should be offered a new contract now!!
Got a lot of time for CH done very well in difficult circumstances.
We will bounce back but Stoke and Kenwynne Jones are going to be right up for it on Saturday.


First found in West Sussex in 1984, this species has now become established in parts of southern England, such as the Isle of Wight, Hampshire and Dorset.
It feeds on Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii).
The moths fly in May and June, with a second generation in August and September.


A CAN signal and definition parser, written in Rust.
The goal of canparse is to provide a means of converting CAN frames into pre-defined signals, via CANdb definition input (DBC). One common application is the J1939 spec, which defines a set of common parameters for heavy-duty trucks and other vehicles. PgnLibrary is also included as an application of DBC, to give first-class support for the PGN/SPN schema.
use-socketcan - Support for socketcan-rs has been included for Linux systems requiring a translation from CANFrame messages, using SpnDefinition values.


The game of water polo requires great stamina, for which the body muscles need to be strengthened. The drills mentioned below will teach some basic skills as well as help in building stamina.
A water sport played with 7 players in each side (goalkeeper + 6 players), water polo involves different activities like swimming, passing the ball, scoring goals, and also defending one own's goal. There are some drills that are simple and deal with the basics of handling the ball and swimming, which involve the egg-beater kick, heads-up freestyle, etc.
The flag drill is conducted to make the players aware of the hand gestures they have to encounter in real matches. In this drill, players can be lined up in a row of 3 - 4. The gesture in which the hand is kept straight up in the air indicates the players to do the egg-beater kick. There is another hand gesture in which the hand is pointed to a particular direction. The players have to start swimming in the direction indicated by the hand. The swimming technique used to perform the flag drill should be the heads-up freestyle.
The double bobbing drill is performed to enable players to breathe quickly. This drill is performed in pairs, with the players facing each other and holding both the hands with a finger grip. One of the partners should take a dip while keeping the arms straight and at the depth of the partner's knees. The player should come back to the surface for breathing, while simultaneously pulling the partner under water. Both players should take dips alternately, and gradually increase the tempo.
The shoulder wrestle is meant to condition the back and stomach muscles. In this drill, pairs of players are formed, and they place their hands on the shoulders of their partners; the elbows should be kept straight. Both the players try to submerge their partners by pressing down the shoulders. The drill ends if one of the partner ducks. It is a fun drill, which also helps in strengthening the back muscles.
To conduct the pressure passing drill, four players are required. These four players are divided in pairs of 2, which have a defensive and offensive player each. Both the pairs need to be positioned at a distance of 4 - 6 m from each other. The offensive player has to pass the ball to the other pair, while the defensive players should stop him from doing so.
Here, the goalie has to move from side-to-side to the ends of the goal cage. This has to be done with the help of the egg-beater kick. The goalie should keep his hand straight up in the air, while he moves from side-to-side. Moving from one side of the goal to the other and back again completes a set of two. The goalie should be given a rest of 15 - 30 seconds in between two sets.


It's writing entries to the myErrors table, but it's not writing an error message or an error severity.
My first question is why?
I believe it's got something to with the error severity being within a certain range.
How can I tell it to log verbose error messages ALWAYS, regardless of severity?
According to MSDN, ERROR_MESSAGE() etc are only set within the CATCH block of a TRY ... CATCH statement.
I used sencha tool for mobile app and in login tried to open a dynamic restfulweb service page which has created in tomcat 6 server. And when click on logout it will take to main page.
How to find apc.php file location?
Java Error handling - is it better to throw Exceptions to centralized error handlers?


All football trash talking aside, I like Missoula, Montana a lot. Their downtown scene reminds me of our own here in Bozeman. Their summer is full of fun events and festivals AND they get great live music year round.
The Downtown Missoula Partnership put together this quick video which is a great reminder of why Missoula is a great escape from Bozeman. They've got so much to offer just 3 hours away.


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Home Don't Miss Gary's Plumbing and Heating Offers Relief From This Year's Approaching Wildfire Smoke
Call one of Gary's professional technicians to install your unit. Photo courtesy: Gary's Plumbing and Heating
Gary's Plumbing and Heating Offers Relief From This Year's Approaching Wildfire Smoke
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Summer is here and, unfortunately, wildfires are expected to be worse than ever. Experts are predicting that smoke may become an uninvited guest every summer for the foreseeable future.
Last year firefighters in British Columbia battled almost 600 wildfires that left smoke drifting over the border into Whatcom County for weeks. Washington blazes started in late April last year, surprising local authorities who weren't used to seeing fires so early in the year. Fast forward to 2019, when 50 fires were already blazing in Western Washington by the middle of March.
The Air Scrubber will make a huge impact on air quality throughout the whole house. Photo courtesy: Gary's Plumbing and Heating
Smoky air can be a major hassle for the health of you and your family. People suffering from allergies and asthma are especially affected by the haze that has surrounded Whatcom County homes and businesses over the past few summers.
The good news is that there is a solution. The Air Scrubber by Aerus uses space age technology to clean the air in your home or office. It was created with NASA to keep air fresh and healthy for astronauts in shuttles and space stations. Just like Tang and Velcro—now it's available for everyone.
"People think there's nothing they can do, but there are things you can do in your home to help you breathe better," says Mary Gibb of Gary's Plumbing and Heating.
A Technician installs an Air Scrubber on an HVAC system. Photo courtesy: Gary's Plumbing and Heating
Not only does the Air Scrubber clean the air, it also rids surfaces of pollutants, mold, allergens, and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
"There are sometimes more pollutants in your home than there are outside," says Gibb. In outdoor spaces, the wind is continually cycling out contaminants while bringing in new fresh air. Homes don't have that luxury, where pollutants, pet dander, viruses, bacteria, and mold spores tend to linger.
Gary's technicians attach the unit directly to your furnace; even when your heat is off, the scrubber keeps running with the fan function turned on.
"The Air Scrubber can be good for the life of your furnace because it's less dirt and less dust in there ruining things," says Gibb. When the HVAC filter is clean, it allows the system to run better. The Air Scrubber works as a super filter keeping particles from entering the system and allowing it to run cleaner and more efficiently.
The system comes in several sizes available for any space. You have the option of a single-room system, or a duct-mounted system. Four unit sizes to choose from allow you to install the perfect device for your home or office depending on the square footage of the building.
"The Air Scrubber works through our whole basement and our main floor," says Gibb. "One of our dogs is older, and he has had accidents in the house. It has really made a difference in odor and air quality."
About one week after installation, clients start noticing results. Allergies are reduced, the air in the home feels fresher, surfaces are cleaner, and there's less dust.
Gary's is currently installing the Air Scrubber at a local preschool. Without proper cleaning, preschools can carry viruses, and dust can lead to asthma among young students.
One gentleman had the unit installed in his home in anticipation of the upcoming fire season. "I have terrible asthma," he says. "It takes me out of work and play. My health has been greatly impacted [because of the fires]." He's optimistic about tackling the upcoming fire season, fully prepared with the Air Scrubber.
"We have customers right now that are having us come in because they know it's going to be smoky this summer. They're being proactive," says Gibb. "The smoke bothers me too, so I'm really excited about it."
Both homes and businesses benefit from this technology: offices, senior centers, daycares, and even home workshops; woodshops harbor chemicals and dust.
"There are different sizes that are better for classrooms or waiting rooms or nursing homes," says Gibb.
A Gary's Technician models the Laundry Pro 2.0 system. Photo courtesy: Gary's Plumbing and Heating
Another product created by NASA and the Aerus company is the Laundry Pro 2.0, which Gary's technicians install on your washing machine. It works with the cold cycle and utilizes hydrogen and oxygen oxidizers to clean your clothing without the use of soap. The company says the product makes colors brighter and whites whiter while keeping skin free and clear from harsh detergents and dyes.
The Laundry Pro system has been used in hospitals and hotels for several years and is only now available to the everyday consumer. Using only cold water and cutting out soap in your laundry reduces the number of plastic detergent bottles entering the garbage and recycling centers. It's better for the earth and your wallet.
Unfortunately, the smoke looks like it's here for at least another fire season. We can hope for the best next year, but until then, call Gary's Plumbing and Heating to protect you and those you love with fresh air.
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10:05 am Little Storytime @ Bellingham Public Library
Little Storytime @ Bellingham Public Library
Simple stories, songs, finger and lap play and creative movement. Lots of fun! Please choose the one session per week that works best for your family. For birth to 3 years, with an adult partner.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2019 Fall Class Registration - Coming Soon!
Our company is based on the belief that everyone possesses unique gifts and talents that simply need to be discovered, nurtured and developed.
Participating in our performance workshops has proven to increase personal confidence as well as develop stage skills.
Not everyone will choose to become a professional entertainer in life, but we all will utilize communication skills on a daily basis.


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Q: Getting the JAXB exception like "Two classes have the same XML type name..." Getting the JAXB exception like "Two classes have the same XML type name...",
Here is the exception details:

Exception in thread "main"
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.IllegalAnnotationsException: 1
  counts of IllegalAnnotationExceptions Two classes have the same XML
  type name "city". Use @XmlType.name and @XmlType.namespace to assign
  different names to them.  this problem is related to the following
  location:         at com.model.City       at public com.model.City
  com.model.Address.getCurrentCity()        at com.model.Address    this
  problem is related to the following location:         at com.common.City
        at public com.common.City com.model.Address.getPreviousCity()       at
  com.model.Address
at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.IllegalAnnotationsException$Builder.check(Unknown
  Source)   at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.JAXBContextImpl.getTypeInfoSet(Unknown
  Source)   at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.JAXBContextImpl.(Unknown
  Source)   at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.JAXBContextImpl$JAXBContextBuilder.build(Unknown
  Source)   at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.ContextFactory.createContext(Unknown
  Source)   at
  com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.ContextFactory.createContext(Unknown
  Source)   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native
  Method)   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown
  Source)   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown
  Source)   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)  at
  javax.xml.bind.ContextFinder.newInstance(Unknown Source)  at
  javax.xml.bind.ContextFinder.find(Unknown Source)     at
  javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext.newInstance(Unknown Source)    at
  javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext.newInstance(Unknown Source)    at
  com.PojoToXSD.main(PojoToXSD.java:17)

I took the example like:
package **com.model**; ---->this package contains 'Address' class and 'City' class

public class Address {

    private String areaName;
    private City currentCity;
    private com.common.City previousCity;
}

package com.model;

public class City {

    private String cityName;
}

Another city class in "com.common" package.
package **com.common**;

public class City {

    private String pinCode;
}

We need to create XSDs and needs to do the Marshalling and unmarshalling with the existing code in our project(like as above example code), code does not have any annotations like "@XmlRootElement/@XmlType" and we can not able to change the source code.
I would like to know is there any solution to fix the above issue or any other ways to create XSDs and marshaling/unmarshalling(like MOXy..etc)?
It would be great if i can get the solution from any one....May thanks in advance.
Thanks,
Satya.

A: Note:  I'm the EclipseLink JAXB (MOXy) lead and a member of the JAXB (JSR-222) expert group.
If You Can Annotate the Class
If you can modify the class you can simply add an @XmlType annotation to one of the City classes to change the corresponding XML schema type name.
package **com.common**;

@XmlType(name="city2")
public class City {

    private String pinCode;
}

If You Cannot Annotate the Class
MOXy offers an external mapping document extension that can be used to apply JAXB metadata to a class that cannot be changed.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xml-bindings
    xmlns="http://www.eclipse.org/eclipselink/xsds/persistence/oxm"
    package-name="**com.common**">
    <java-types>
        <java-type name="City">
            <xml-type name="city2"/>
        </java-type>
    </java-types>
</xml-bindings>

For More Information

*

*http://blog.bdoughan.com/2010/12/extending-jaxb-representing-annotations.html

UPDATE

1) we need to write binding file for only one City class or required
  to write all other 2 classes(i mean Address and another City)?

MOXy's external mapping document can used to augment or completely replace (see:  http://blog.bdoughan.com/2011/09/mapping-objects-to-multiple-xml-schemas.html) the metadata on a class.  If the only change you need to make is to one of the City classes then you don't need to include the others.

2) In binding file you had considered only class name, not required to
  take properties defined in City(i mean pinCode)?

MOXy like any JAXB implementation applies a default mapping to all classes.  You only need to provide metadata for where you want the mapping behaviour to differ from the default.

*

*http://blog.bdoughan.com/2012/07/jaxb-no-annotations-required.html

3)We need to opt for MOXy for this?

JAXB does not have a standard external mapping document.  The one I have described is a MOXy extension.  If you are using the JAXB RI you could check out the integration with Annox.

*

*http://confluence.highsource.org/display/ANX/JAXB+User+Guide

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At age 87, Joe may have fanned some worried thoughts in the hobby, when letters this fall got the "Return to Sender" treatment.
My faith in Joe remains. Back in the 1980s, as co-editor of Sports Collectors Digest, I was surprised that Joe was a reader. He phoned more than once to ask about former players in need. When he started asking for donations by mail, signing autographs to aid the Baseball Assistance Team, I knew how sincere he was about helping fellow players.
Since then, he's turned his energies to serving children at the St. Peter Mission School.
The Baseball World of Joe Garagiola may not have logged its last chapter, after all!
Well, let's say the spirit of this Paper Tiger does. Plimpton believed in the "you are there" participatory journalism that's hard to find these days.
That's why Man Versus Ball: One Ordinary Guy and His Extraordinary Sports Adventures fills a void.
Author Jon Hart shatters a fantasy too many baseball fans might have harbored. Wouldn't it be sweet to be a ballpark vendor — free games and leftovers?
Hart worked at Yankee Stadium, Shea and CitiField, even the Boston Red Sox spring training.
He didn't glean lots of baseball tidbits in his service. However, Hart found a vendor during the 1996 World Series who was buddies with the older brother of outfielder Paul O'Neill.
Early on, we find out that vendors have little time for on-field action. Hart observed Jerry Seinfeld outside a suite before several Mets games. That's it.
While attending mascot school, the instructor led Hart on with tales of the Mr. Met job becoming open. He wound up with a brief gig at the elementary school, wearing the costume of the Newark Bears independent league baseball team.
Hart chose a tough road to travel with this title. Fans of just one sport will be peeved that he writes about the other sports. Worst of all, he isn't a celebrity name-dropper. Instead, he's telling the stories of the unknown sports lovers, those people who'll take any job to be near professional competition.
Based on Hart's showing here, I'd be first in line for his next baseball-only memoir.
Here's news you can use!
"Spitball Magazine is pleased to announce that the winner of the 2013 CASEY Award for Best Baseball Book of the Year is: Heart of a Tiger: Growing Up with My Grandfather, Ty Cobb by Herschel Cobb and ECW Press.
Mr. Cobb will be presented with his CASEY Award, a specially-made blue & gold Louisville Slugger, at the 31st Annual CASEY Awards Banquet from 2-4 p.m. at Crosley's Sports Bar & Eatery, located at 4910 Vine Street, St. Bernard, OH (a suburb of Cincinnati).
"The book is also still in the first edition, which is important in the book collecting world and the future re-sell value of a signed copy. Also, … and this is very cool … Mr. Cobb told me today that he will be signing in GREEN INK … just as his famous grandfather did!
I hope you will be present at the Banquet, but even if you can't make it (and I know some of you live too far away to come), I can get a book signed for you and mail it to you afterwards. So … please let me know if you want me to include you … and how many copies … in my order to the publisher.
Cost will the cover price, $25. Plus $3 if I have to mail your copy. Spitball will make a few bucks on each copy we sell, but I hope you don't mind that. Good cause and all that.
And please, forward this email to anybody I left out whom you know will be interested in coming to the Banquet or ordering a signed copy of the book.
More than one collector has solved the riddle of Don Dillard, who played for the Indians and Braves from 1959 to 1965.
For several years, collectors received rubber-stamped "autographs" in reply. However, those asking questions about his career have been getting his actual shaky signature, too.
Recently, a family member has been helping with correspondence, adding the explanation that Mr. Dillard had a stroke in 2010.
Don't assume that the rubber-stamped facsimile response is done in spite by an angry retiree. In their eyes, a non-response would be worse than their signature equivalent.
Author Steve Rushin has unearthed untold diamond history in The 34-Ton Bat: the Story of Baseball, As Told Through Bobble Heads, Cracker Jacks, Jock Straps, Eye Black & 375 Other Strange & Unforgettable Objects (Little & Brown, $25).
This is a "Me, too!" book, answering questions we've all had about baseball's beginnings. He's captured classic stories about the PEOPLE behind these baseball traditions.
Here's one that stands out.
Years ago, I landed an assignment to write about history of Dodgers souvenirs for the team yearbook (you can look it up!). A huge part of that story was the late Danny Goodman, the merchandising wizard who showed the world all the logoed goodies Los Angeles Dodgers fans could enjoy. In the early 1970s, I'd save my allowance to mail-order team memorabilia that was 10-15 years old, at bargain prices. Little did I know that the man sending out the price list helped invent these collectibles!
I spoke to a high-ranking team employee, someone who'd been in the Dodgers family since the L.A. transplant.
"Why do you want to know about him? He died years ago," I was informed.
Therefore, I know Rushin's task wasn't easy. Writing about baseball's unsung heroes is one huge challenge.
Here's something autograph collectors should consider. Many of these history makers are still alive, and would be easy to track down. Write to them. Do they know they're getting recognition, at last? Tell them you read about them. They may not be baseball cards of them, but that doesn't lessen their claims to fame.
Spring training isn't here yet. If you need a book to get you through the last days of baseball-less winter, Steve Rushin is your author.


text:
Midwest Catholic hospital chain ends rule against white patients having COVID monoclonal antibodies
Nicole Kidman reveals she and husband Keith Urban never finished high school
Home/US/Prince Philip funeral: Duke's personal regalia is placed on altar on cushions at St George's Chapel
Prince Philip funeral: Duke's personal regalia is placed on altar on cushions at St George's Chapel
DUK Editor Team Send an email April 17, 2021
15 minutes read
The Duke of Edinburgh's personal regalia which he selected himself for his funeral has been pre-positioned on nine cushions on the altar at St George's Chapel ahead of the service this afternoon.
Prince Philip's insignia on display at the church in Windsor Castle includes the medals and decorations conferred on him by the UK and Commonwealth countries together with his Field Marshal's baton, Royal Air Force Wings.
The Duke, who died aged 99 on April 9, also included insignia from Denmark and Greece – Order of the Elephant and Order of the Redeemer respectively – in a nod to his birth heritage as a Prince of Greece and Denmark.
The regalia was sewn in place on the burgundy velvet and gold piped cushions at St James's Palace in London by two seamstresses, including Diane Hatcher from Cleave Court Jewellers, earlier this week.
Insignia, orders, decorations and medals are a way of a country saying thank you and recognising someone's achievements – and there were dozens more that could not be fitted onto Philip's cushions for space reasons.
The Duke of Edinburgh's insignia is placed on the altar in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle ahead of his funeral today
The Order of Merit (top left), The Royal Victorian Chain (top right) and Philip's Full Size Medal Group (bottom). From left to right, these medals are: Queen's Service Order, New Zealand; 1939-1945 Star; Atlantic Star; Africa Star; Burma Star; Italy Star; War Medal 1939-1945; King George VI Coronation Medal; Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal; Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal; Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal; Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal' Royal Navy Long Service & Good Conduct; Canadian Forces Decoration; New Zealand Commemoration Medal; Malta George Cross 50th Anniversary Medal; Greek War Cross; Croix de Guerre with Palm
Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar (left), Brunei Esteemed Family Order (circle) and Singapore Order of Darjah Utama Temasek (right)
Thistle Collar and St Andrew Badge (bottom centre) and the Thistle Breast Star and Badge (centre)
RAF Wings (top left) and Field Marshal's Baton (across the centre)
Garter Collar and Greater George (bottom centre), Garter Breast Star (top right) and Lesser George (bottom left)
Stephen Segrave, Secretary of the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, said on Thursday: 'There will be nine cushions with insignia placed on pre-positioned around the altar at St George's Chapel in Windsor.
'They represent British and Commonwealth orders and decorations, and the final cushion with orders from Greece and Denmark, for obvious reasons.
Full list of Prince Philip's insignia on display at St George's Chapel today
The Order of Merit
The Royal Victorian Chain
Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar
Brunei Esteemed Family Order
Singapore Order of Darjah Utama Temasek
Thistle Collar and St Andrew Badge
Thistle Breast Star and Badge
RAF Wings
Field Marshal's Baton
Garter Collar and Greater George
Garter Breast Star
Lesser George
British Empire Collar and Grand Masters Badge
British Empire Breast Star and Badge
Royal Victorian Order Collar and Badge
Royal Victorian Order Breast Star and Badge
Order of the Elephant (Denmark)
Order of the Redeemer (Greece)
Order of Australian Knight
Order of New Zealand
Canada Order of Military Merit
Papua New Guinea Order of Logohu
Full Size Medal Group:
Queen's Service Order, New Zealand
1939-1945 Star
Atlantic Star
Africa Star
Burma Star
Italy Star
War Medal 1939-1945
King George VI Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Royal Navy Long Service & Good Conduct
Canadian Forces Decoration
New Zealand Commemoration Medal
Malta George Cross 50th Anniversary Medal
Greek War Cross
Croix de Guerre with Palm
'The Duke of Edinburgh had, I think, 61 decorations and awards from 53 different other countries, and there simply just wasn't the space to have them all on display at the funeral.'
Asked how it was decided what would go on display, Mr Segrave said: 'I think if you have to draw the line somewhere, the line was drawn at Commonwealth orders and decorations, and those two countries that are appropriate to the Duke of Edinburgh.
'And he certainly had a hand in planning his arrangements, so he would have made the decision himself.'
Mr Segrave said the chosen insignia would have 'absolutely' meant a great deal to Philip.
The plans for Philip's funeral – codenamed Forth Bridge – have been in place for many years, and were updated and reviewed regularly by Buckingham Palace staff in consultation with the Queen and the duke.
The insignia are sewn in place on the cushions with fishing wire because it is see-through and therefore tends not to show up in the way coloured thread would.
Among the chosen pieces are the Order of the Garter which consists of a collar made out of 22 carat gold, a badge with Saint George slaying the dragon known as the greater George, a sash with a badge called the lesser George, a breast star with the motto of the order, 'Honi soit qui mal y pense', which translates as 'Evil to him who evil thinks', and the garter itself.
Others include the Royal Victorian Order collar and badge, British Empire collar and Grand Masters badge, Royal Victorian Chain and Order of Merit.
The Order of Merit is restricted to 24 members and is awarded in recognition of outstanding service in the Armed Forces, science, literature, art and the promotion of culture.
One particular cushion has the Field Marshal's baton – the most senior appointment in the British Army – next to Philip's RAF wings.
A qualified pilot, the duke gained his RAF wings in 1953, helicopter wings in 1956 and private pilot's licence in 1959.
Insignia on display from across the Commonwealth will include the Order of Australian Knight, Order of New Zealand, Order of Canada, Canada Order of Military Merit, Papua New Guinea Order of Logohu, Zanzibar Brilliant Star of Zanzibar, Brunei Esteemed Family Order, and Singapore Order of Darjah Utama Temasek.
Today, the Duke of Edinburgh's 'unwavering loyalty' to the Queen and his 'courage, fortitude and faith' will be marked at his funeral.
After 73 years of marriage, the Queen will say farewell to Philip during a televised funeral service at St George's Chapel, attended by a small group of close family and friends.
Covid regulations have reduced the scope of the service with public elements cancelled, mourners reduced from around 800 to just 30, and all guests wearing face masks and sitting apart.
A touching photograph of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh giving a glimpse of their lives away from protocol and ceremony was released on the eve of Philip's funeral.
British Empire Collar and Grand Masters Badge (bottom centre) and British Empire Breast Star and Badge (centre)
Royal Victorian Order Collar and Badge (bottom centre) and Royal Victorian Order Breast Star and Badge (centre)
Order of the Elephant [Denmark] (left) and Order of the Redeemer [Greece] (right)
Order of Australian Knight (bottom centre), Order of New Zealand (top left), Order of Canada (top right), Canada Order of Military Merit (bottom left) and Papua New Guinea Order of Logohu (bottom right)
The Duke of Edinburgh's personal regalia which he selected himself for his funeral has been pre-positioned on nine cushions
Philip's personal regalia has been placed on cushions on the altar at St George's Chapel ahead of the service this afternoon
The royal couple are pictured as they are rarely seen – relaxing together during a summer break and enjoying the stunning scenery of the Scottish Highlands on the Balmoral estate.
The Duke of Edinburgh is pictured in ceremonial dress during Trooping the Colour in London in June 2011. The Duke is wearing the uniform of the Colonel of the Grenadier Guards
Looking completely at ease and smiling warmly at the photographer, Philip and the Queen relax on the grass at the Coyles of Muick, a beauty spot near the town of Ballater in Aberdeenshire.
The duke lies back on a rug, propping himself up on his left elbow and has jauntily placed his hat on his right knee.
Beaming at the Countess of Wessex – who took the picture in 2003 – the Queen, dressed in a tartan skirt, blouse and cardigan and a string of pearls, also sits on a rug.
The area is clearly a favourite spot for the Queen as she has named a corgi puppy, recently given to the monarch, Muick and it has a dorgi puppy playmate called Fergus – another Scottish name.
No sermon will be delivered during the ceremonial royal service on Saturday afternoon, in keeping with Philip's wishes.
His love of the sea and long association with the Royal Navy permeates the Order of Service, with the music chosen by the duke including the hymn Eternal Father, Strong To Save – traditionally associated with seafarers and the maritime armed services.
The Dean of Windsor, in the Bidding, will pay tribute to Philip's 'kindness, humour and humanity'.
'With grateful hearts, we remember the many ways in which his long life has been a blessing to us,' he will say of Philip.
'We have been inspired by his unwavering loyalty to our Queen, by his service to the nation and the Commonwealth, by his courage, fortitude and faith.
Diane Hatcher, a seamstress at Cleave Court Jewellers, sews Philip's insignia onto cushions in St James's Palace on Tuesday
Cushions with the Duke of Edinburgh's insignia were sewn into place at St James's Palace in London earlier this week
Diane Hatcher sews medals and decorations conferred on the Duke of Edinburgh on Tuesday, ahead of his funeral today
Some 30 guests will be attending Philip's funeral today which takes place at St George's Chapel (above) at Windsor Castle
'Our lives have been enriched through the challenges that he has set us, the encouragement that he has given us, his kindness, humour and humanity.'
Philip's close association with the military will be on show at today's funeral
The military have been rehearsing all week for their pivotal role in the Duke of Edinburgh's funeral.
The Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and the Army will be in the grounds of Windsor Castle today, taking part in the procession and carrying out other duties including the playing of The Last Post.
Rehearsals have been taking place at the Army Training Centre Pirbright, near Woking, in Surrey, where hundreds of military personnel gathered following the announcement of Philip's death.
Military duties begin hours before the funeral this afternoon, with Philip's coffin – covered with his personal standard and surmounted with his sword, naval cap and a wreath of flowers – moved at 11am by a Bearer Party found by The Queen's Company, 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards, from the private chapel to the inner hall of Windsor Castle.
By 2.15pm, the service detachments recognising Philip's special military relationships will be in position in the Quadrangle, which will also be lined by the Household Cavalry and The Foot Guards.
The Band of the Grenadier Guards, of which Philip was Colonel for 42 years, will lead the procession to St George's Chapel. They will be followed by the Major General's Party, and then the Service Chiefs, which will include the Chief of the Air Staff, Naval Staff and Defence Staff.
Philip had a distinguished career in the Royal Navy and while he gave up active service in 1951, he remained closely connected to it and other military elements throughout his public life.
The coffin, transported from the castle to the chapel in a specially-modified Land Rover Philip helped to design, will be flanked by pallbearers drawn from the duke's special relationships – the Royal Marines, regiments, corps and air stations.
The route of the procession will be lined by representatives drawn from the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, the Highlanders, 4th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland and the RAF. Minute Guns will be fired by The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery from the East Lawn for the duration of the procession and a Curfew Tower Bell will sound.
As the procession approaches Horseshoe Cloister, the Band of the Grenadier Guards will stop playing and march through into Denton's Commons. The Rifles Guard of Honour, positioned in Horseshoe Cloister, will give a royal salute and the national anthem will be played.
In tribute to Philip's Naval service, a Royal Naval Piping Party of 1 Chief Petty Officer and 5 Ratings will be present. The piping party will pipe the 'Still' once the Land Rover is stationery at the foot of the steps.
A bearing party of Royal Marines will carry the coffin up the steps and pause for a minute's silence. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Dean of Windsor will receive the coffin.
Inside the chapel, Philip's insignia – the medals and decorations conferred on him by the UK and Commonwealth countries – together with his Field Marshal's baton, Royal Air Force Wings, and insignia from Denmark and Greece, will be pre-positioned on cushions on the altar.
The Last Post will be sounded by buglers of the Royal Marines from the west end of the Nave. Buglers of the Royal Marines will sound Action Stations during the service at the duke's request.
The Prince of Wales and Princess Royal will lead the Duke of York, Earl of Wessex and other family members walking behind the duke's coffin, carried on a Land Rover hearse he helped design, during the funeral procession which the Queen will join, travelling by car.
Royal brothers the Duke of Cambridge and Duke of Sussex, who have a troubled relationship, will not walk shoulder to shoulder but with their cousin Peter Phillips between them.
Philip's love of carriage-driving will be a poignant feature of his funeral, with his carriage, which he designed, and ponies making an appearance.
The polished dark green four-wheeled carriage, accompanied by two of Philip's grooms, will stand in the Quadrangle of Windsor Castle as the duke's coffin is carried past in the procession.
Among the mourners will be the Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Wessex and her children Viscount Severn and Lady Louise.
Zara and Mike Tindall, Princess Beatrice and her husband Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, Princess Eugenie and her husband Jack Brooksbank have been invited.
Also attending will be the children of the Queen's sister Princess Margaret, three of Philip's German relatives and his close friend Countess Mountbatten of Burma.
The Queen was photographed driving in the grounds of Windsor Castle yesterday and during the day was back at work receiving calls from General David Hurley, Governor-General of Australia, and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
It is understood the calls were made by the national figures to convey their condolences to the Queen.
Philip's children and grandchildren have been paying tribute to his life and legacy, and welcoming the support and warm words from the public who have left flowers and cards.
In the grounds of Windsor Castle yesterday, the Earl and Countess of Wessex viewed cards and flowers left by the public and appeared touched by the tributes to the duke.
While looking over handwritten letters from children, Sophie could be heard saying 'how sweet' before speaking to her husband Edward about the number of bouquets that have been gathered.
She was also heard to suggest there would have been many more tributes if coronavirus restrictions had not been in place.
The couple, who were joined by their daughter Lady Louise Windsor, spent around 15 minutes looking at hundreds of flowers and wreaths outside St George's Chapel.
Among them were floral tributes from Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and the Royal Navy – which the duke was associated with for much of his life.
Lord Chartres, a former bishop of London, said the Queen would be under 'extraordinary pressure' during the Duke of Edinburgh's funeral as she mourns her husband in public.
The retired Church of England bishop, who was understood to be close to Philip, told BBC Radio 4's Today: 'I hope that today people really will be sending up a prayer for the Queen and for the other members of the royal family because having to grieve in public is an extraordinary pressure and something that most of us would not really want to do.
'But it is part of their life and their world, and I hope today, and I'm sure, that people won't forget the personal dimension in the formal ceremonies.'
Lord Chartres said the duke had a 'very practical' Christian faith, adding: 'I always remember preaching on occasions which he was principal actor that the instruction would always come down: 'No more than four minutes'.
'He was at home with broad church, high church and low church, but what he really liked was short church, and I think that-one was left in no doubt about that.'
The peer described Philip as a 'very questioning, curious and deeply committed person'.
The story behind Philip's 18 medals: What he wore and why he was given them
Queen's Service Order, New Zealand: On November 15, 1981, Prince Philip was awarded the Queen's Service Order by the Government of New Zealand for service to the country
On November 15, 1981, Prince Philip was awarded the Queen's Service Order by the Government of New Zealand for service to the country.
The flower-shaped medal is the first worn on Prince Philip's chest.
The order was established on March 13, 1975, and is used to recognise 'valuable voluntary service to the community or meritorious and faithful services to the Crown or similar services within the public sector, whether in elected or appointed office'.
The order replaced the Imperial Service Order in New Zealand following a 1974 review of New Zealand's honour system.
This star is a campaign medal of the British Commonwealth awarded for service during the Second World War.
It was put in place on July 8, 1943, and was awarded for specific periods of military service between September 3, 1939, and either May 8, 1945, in Europe or September 2, 1945, in the far east.
Those in the Navy had to spent 180 at sea to be awarded the medal.
1939-1945 Star: This star is a campaign medal of the British Commonwealth awarded for service during the Second World War
In May 1945, Prince Philip was awarded the military campaign medal the Atlantic star.
It was for service during the Battle of the Atlantic – World War II's longest campaign.
Atlantic Star (let): In May 1945, Prince Philip was awarded the military campaign medal the Atlantic star. Africa Star (right): Prince Philip was awarded on July 8, 1943, for service in Africa during the Second World War
Prince Philip was awarded the Africa Star on July 8, 1943, for service in Africa during the Second World War.
The medal was awarded to those who served in North Africa between June 10, 1940, and May 12, 1943.
Burma Star (with Pacific Rosette)
In May 1945, he was awarded the Burma Star for service in the Burma Campaign in the Second World War
The Burma Star awards British and Commonwealth forces who served in the Burma Campaign from 1941 to 1945.
He also wore the Pacific clasp on the Star for his service in the Pacific.
Philip was the First Lieutenant of the destroyer HMS Whelp and was present in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese signed the surrender agreement with Allied forces.
Speaking in 1995 about his time on the ship, Philip described his experience of watching the Japanese capitulate.
'Being in Tokyo Bay with the surrender ceremony taking place on a battleship which was what, 200 yards away? You could see what was going on with a pair of binoculars.
'It was a great relief. And I remember because from there we went on to Hong Kong. And the most extraordinary sensation when we sailed because we realised we didn't have to darken ship anymore.
'We didn't have to close all the scuttles. We didn't have to turn the lights out. So you suddenly… all these little things built up to suddenly feeling that life was different.
HMS Whelp then took in prisoners of war who had been held in horrendous conditions by the Japanese.
Burma Star (with Pacific Rosette): In May 1945, he was awarded the Burma Star for service in the Burma Campaign in the Second World War
The Italy Star was awarded for Prince Phillip's service in Italy and surrounding areas in the Second World War.
While serving on HMS Wallace, during the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, Philip helped to save his ship from a night bomber attack by launching a raft with smoke floats.
These distracted the bombers, allowing the ship to slip away unnoticed.
Italy Star: The Italy Star was awarded for Prince Phillip's service in Italy and surrounding areas in the Second World War
War Medal 1939-1945, with Mention in Dispatches
The medal was awarded to those who served in the Armed Forces or Merchant Navy for at least 28 days between 1939-45.
The oak leaf on the ribbon denotes the Mention in Despatches which the Duke received for his 'alertness' in helping to spot enemy ships.
War Medal 1939-1945, with Mention in Dispatches: The medal was awarded to those who served in the Armed Forces or Merchant Navy for at least 28 days between 1939-45
King George VI Coronation Medal, 1937
These medals were made to commemorate the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, the current Queen Elizabeth's parents.
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal, 1953
A commemorative medal made to celebrate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, 1977
A commemorative medal created in 1977 to mark the 25th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne.
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal, 2002
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, 2012
A commemorative medal created to mark the 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne.
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, 2012: A commemorative medal created to mark the 60th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne
Awarded in October 2016 for his 75 years of service and dedication to the military.
Canadian Forces Decoration (4 Bars)
This honorary award was presented to the Duke in April 2015.
New Zealand Commemoration Medal, 1990
This was awarded only during 1990 to around 3,000 people in recognition of contributions made to New Zealand life.
Malta George Cross 50th Anniversary Medal, 1992
This is a commemorative medal awarded by, or in the name of, the President of Malta.
Greek War Cross, 1950
This is awarded for heroism in wartime to both Greeks and foreign allies. The Duke earned his for his bravery in fighting the Italians when they invaded Greece in 1941.
Croix de Guerre (France) with Palm, 1948
A French military decoration to honour people who fought with the Allies against Axis nations in the Second World War.
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The price for light fuel oil increased in the past twelve months, 35.6 percent for fuel at the gas station people have to pay 13 percent more than in the autumn of 2017. Rose, for example, the expenditure for vegetables (plus 12,3 percent) and beer (plus 5.4 percent).
in all product groups, the price was rise in the past few months, and although only two percent. However, the outliers, such as Oil and co. could be the reason for the in Germany widespread feeling that everything is more expensive.
significant differences: Older people feel that the price increase more than younger, women more than men. The current wealth barometer of the Deutsche Sparkassen – und giroverband (DSGV).
28% of 50 – to 59-Year-old the feeling that prices have risen sharply. In the case of the 14 – to 29-Year olds, only 17 percent. And while 20 percent of men talk to increase across all age groups by a strong price perception, 27 percent of women.
"The difference between 'perceived' and actual Inflation shows how sensitive the population is responding to the issue of price increase", – stated in the investigation, from may to July 2018, a total of 2738 people in Germany were interviewed.
Since the Euro changeover in 2002, the topic of perceived Inflation is widespread. At that time the word was coined by the Thousand. Especially price increases for everyday purchases, such as a Cup of coffee, resulted in many people the feeling that, in the changeover from D-Mark to the Euro, the Figures remained the same, only the currency is changed.
price changes in products of everyday needs, the majority of consumers significantly more than the price changes in durable goods such as cars or technical appliances. Public discussions about the rising Rents in urban centres, and may enhance the feeling.
The bare Figures of the Federal Statistical office often draw a different picture. Thus, the net cold rent in September rose nationwide an average of only 1.5 percent compared to the previous year. In the case of other goods and services the prices fell even phones a minus of 5.3 percent, and consumer electronics minus 4.6 percent, airline tickets minus 3.9 percent. By eliminating the costs of childcare in some of the länder, the German expenditure for education as much as 11.4 percent less than in September of the previous year.
it is striking that only a few pull from the Feel of the strong rise in prices consequences. Prices would rise, would have to be people actually willing to, at the time of retirement to higher yields and thus a higher risk – so that at least the purchasing power of their savings.
even at an inflation rate of two percent, the savings would have to bring two-percent annual return so that the value remains the same. The money is only on this day – or fixed Deposit accounts, are to such returns due to the ongoing interest rate policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) is no longer low is already possible for a long time.
According to the asset barometer, only 16 percent of the respondents are willing, at the time of investment, more risk, in order to increase the chances of a return. In the survey a year earlier the proportion was 15 percent at a similar level.
The survey also shows that people are becoming more and more of the continuing low interest get used to. In the past few years, more than 50 percent of the respondents had called the low interest rates, when they were asked about their biggest Concerns in the Savings. This year it was only 32 percent.
In second place among the reasons that people are Worried about their savings, is to put the uncertain political situation. Ten per cent of the respondents referred to this point. In 2016, this aspect was mentioned by only three percent, in 2017, of four percent. The greater the assets, the more this point is the weight: Among the respondents with assets of EUR 125,000 21 percent referred to the political situation as their main concern.
Over all respondents across the survey shows, however, a significant brightening of the mood among the savers. The proportion of those who do not have to Worry, rose from 25 percent to 39 percent. Accordingly, the share of sceptics has decreased from 75 percent to 61 percent.
Also depends of course on the amount of money that is available. The more income, the more Worried people: In the income group of up to 1,500 euros, only 55 percent expressed concern. In the group with an income of 2500 euros and more, the proportion is 68 percent.
This fits in to the overall positive image that the Germans have of your financial Situation. The good economic situation with a low unemployment rate means that 63 percent of the respondents rate their financial situation as "good" or "very good". It is the highest value since the beginning of the surveys in the year 2001.
the positive Trend could change in the near future, it's hard to believe anyone – on the contrary. 25 percent for the next two years, a further improvement in the financial Situation, only eleven percent a deterioration.


text:
Karl Pearson
Coldharbour, Surrey, England
Karl Pearson applied statistics to biological problems of heredity and evolution.
Karl Pearson's mother Fanny Smith and his father William Pearson were both from Yorkshire families. William was a barrister of the Inner Temple [26]:-
He was a man of great ability, with exceptional mental and physical energy and a keen interest in historical research, traits which his son also exhibited.
William and Fanny named their second child Carl and he used this name until he was about 23 years old when he changed the spelling to Karl. In this article we shall refer to him either as Karl or as Pearson.
Karl, together with his one older brother and one younger sister, were brought up in an upper-middle class family. After being educated at home up to the age of nine years, he was sent to University College School, London. He studied there until he was sixteen, but he was then forced to leave due to illness. A private tutor was engaged to teach him at home and he took the Cambridge Scholarship Examinations in 1875 and, coming second in the examinations, he won a scholarship to King's College.
At Cambridge he was taught by Stokes, Maxwell, Cayley and Burnside. His coach was perhaps the most famous of all the Cambridge coaches, namely Routh. He spoke of his undergraduate years saying (see [3]):-
At Cambridge I studied mathematics under Routh, Stokes, Cayley, and Clerk Maxwell, but read papers on Spinoza.
But these were days of great happiness for Pearson [22]:-
There was pleasure in the friendships, there was pleasure in the fights, there was pleasure in the coaches' teaching, there was pleasure in searching for new lights as well in mathematics as in philosophy and religion.
As he indicates in these quotations, his studies at Cambridge were unusually broad. He read Goethe, Dante, and Rousseau, read about the history of religious thought, and enjoyed debating with students of moral philosophy about their subject.
Pearson was never one to accept authority and this comes out clearly during his undergraduate years at Cambridge. At that time divinity lectures and attendance at chapel were compulsory. Pearson was deeply interested in religion yet hated the compulsory nature of these activities. He argued successfully to have the University regulations changed so that attendance was no longer compulsory at divinity lectures and, having won this battle, fought the second battle on compulsory chapel with his father's help. Having won, he surprised the University authorities by continuing to attend chapel but, of course, to Pearson there was a world of difference between attending voluntarily and compulsory attendance.
He graduated from Cambridge University in 1879 as Third Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos (meaning that he was ranked third among those who gained a First Class degree). He then travelled to Germany to study at the University of Heidelberg. There he studied physics under G H Quincke and metaphysics under Kuno Fischer. He next visited the University of Berlin, where he attended the lectures of the famous physiologist Émile du Bois-Reymond on Darwinism (Émile was a brother of Paul du Bois-Reymond, the mathematician). Other subjects which he studied in Berlin included Roman Law, taught by Bruns and Mommsen, medieval and 16th century German Literature, and Socialism. He was strongly influenced by the courses he attended at this time and he became sufficiently expert on German literature that he was offered a post in the German Department of Cambridge University. On his return to England in 1880, Pearson first went to Cambridge [3]:-
Back in Cambridge, I worked in the engineering shops, but drew up the schedule in Mittel- and Althochdeutsch for the Medieval Languages Tripos.
His first book, The New Werther, was published at this time. In it Pearson gives a clear indication of why he studied so many diverse subjects (see for example [17] or [26] or The New Werther):-
I rush from science to philosophy, and from philosophy to our old friends the poets; and then, over-wearied by too much idealism, I fancy I become practical in returning to science. Have you ever attempted to conceive all there is in the world worth knowing - that not one subject in the universe is unworthy of study? The giants of literature, the mysteries of many-dimensional space, the attempts of Boltzmann and Crookes to penetrate Nature's very laboratory, the Kantian theory of the universe, and the latest discoveries in embryology, with their wonderful tales of the development of life - what an immensity beyond our grasp! ... Mankind seems on the verge of a new and glorious discovery. What Newton did to simplify the planetary motions must now be done to unite in one whole the various isolated theories of mathematical physics.
Despite the feelings he expresses in this quote, Pearson decided to study law so that he might, like his father, be called to the Bar. Again quoting Pearson's own account [3]:-
Coming to London, I read in chambers in Lincoln's Inn, drew up bills of sale, and was called to the Bar, but varied legal studies by lecturing on heat at Barnes, on Martin Luther at Hampstead, and on Lasalle and Marx on Sundays at revolutionary clubs around Soho.
Despite being called to the Bar in 1882, Pearson never practised law. During 1882-84 he lectured around London on a wide variety of topics such as German social life, the influence of Martin Luther, and historical topics. He also wrote essays, articles and reviews as well as substituting for professors of mathematics at King's College and University College London.
He spent most of his career at University College, London, after he was appointed to the Chair of Applied Mathematics in 1885 as Goldsmid Professor. One of his former pupils writes in [3]:-
He was no "textbook" teacher, and could instil an understanding of the fundamentals of a subject with greater ease and in a shorter time than any mathematical lecturer I have since known. His personal appearance was arresting: the typical Greek athlete, with finely cut features and a magnificent physique. ... He was a pertinacious controversialist, but in any personal discussion his humorous twinkle was disarming.
From 1884 to 1890 Pearson was highly productive. As well as giving lectures on statics, dynamics and mechanics, he completed the unfinished first volume of Clifford's The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences (published in 1885), completed and edited the half written first volume of Todhunter's History of the Theory of Elasticity, began working on the second volume which had hardly been started by Todhunter, and published many papers on applied mathematics. He also lectured on The Ethic of Free Thought, and undertook research on a number of historical topics such as the evolution of Western Christianity. In 1885 he was a founder member of the Men and Women Club dedicated to discussion of the role of men and women in society, and at meetings of the club he met Maria Sharpe. Their marriage in 1890 produced three children; Egon Pearson (born 1895) who followed his father's profession, and two daughters Sigrid Loetitia who was three years older than Egon and Helga Sharpe who was three years younger.
It is worth pausing to realise that Pearson is known as one of the founders of statistics, yet we have reached 1890 and the 33 year old professor of applied mathematics, although having a high reputation in a wide variety of areas, had still not begun to work on statistical problems. As Aldrich writes in [6]:-
... his contribution to statistical methodology overshadowed his contribution to any substantive field. His statistical contributions can be divided into ways of arranging numerical facts - univariate and multivariate - estimation and testing.
Two events changed the course of his career. The first was the publication by Galton of his book Natural Inheritance in 1889. The second was the appointment of Weldon as Professor of Zoology at University College London in 1890. Walker writes in [26]:-
The importance for science of the intense personal friendship which soon sprang up between Pearson and Weldon, then both in their early thirties, can scarcely be exaggerated. Weldon asked the questions that drove Pearson to some of his most significant contributions.
Through Weldon and Galton's book, Pearson became interested in developing mathematical methods for studying the processes of heredity and evolution. From 1893 to 1912 he wrote 18 papers entitled Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution which contain his most valuable work. These papers contain contributions to regression analysis, the correlation coefficient and includes the chi-square test of statistical significance (1900). His chi-square test was produced in an attempt to remove the normal distribution from its central position.
His book The Grammar of Science (1892) was remarkable in that it anticipated some of the ideas of relativity theory. It was wide ranging and attempted to extend the influence of science into all aspects. Pearson coined the term 'standard deviation' in 1893. His work was influenced by the work of Edgeworth while he in turn influenced the work of Yule.
Pearson was a co-founder, with Weldon and Galton, of the statistical journal Biometrika . This came about because he had presented a paper to the Royal Society, of which he had been elected a Fellow in 1896 and received its Darwin Medal in 1898, in 1900. The paper looked at heredity and argued using a mathematical analysis of large amounts of collected data. Biologists in the Royal Society were not, however, prepared to accept biological conclusions based on mathematical analysis. Weldon, in a letter to Pearson on 16 November 1900, suggested solving the problem of getting such papers published by setting up their own journal. Pearson was enthusiastic and suggested they name the journal Biometrika . The first volume appear in October 1901 with Pearson as its editor, a role he continued to hold until his death 35 years later.
From around 1906 Pearson put a large effort into setting up a postgraduate centre. He did this (see [17]):-
... to make statistics a branch of applied mathematics with a technique and nomenclature of its own, to train statisticians as men of science ... and in general to convert statistics in this country from being the playing field of dilettanti and controversialists into a serious branch of science, which no man could attempt to use effectively without adequate training, and more than he could attempt to use the differential calculus, being ignorant of mathematics.
He was the first Galton Professor of Eugenics, holding the chair from 1911 to 1933. Galton had set up the Eugenics Record Office in 1904 and in 1906 he put Pearson in charge. Pearson already ran the Biometric Laboratory and in 1911 the two laboratories were combined into the Department of Applied Statistics in University College. Galton had expressed the wish that Pearson should be offered the chair, so becoming head of the new Department. In so doing Pearson gave up his Goldsmid chair.
Pearson had a long, bitter, and very public dispute with Fisher. At first they exchanged friendly letters after Pearson received a manuscript from Fisher in September 1914 of a paper he was submitting for publication. Pearson's initial response was to say (see [18]):-
I congratulate you very heartily on getting out the actual distribution form ... if the analysis is correct which seems highly probable, I should be delighted to publish the paper in Biometrika.
Again a week later [18]:-
I have now read your paper fully and think it marks a distinct advance.
Pearson then offered to have his staff at the Galton Laboratories work on a tabulation of values for the frequency curves arising in Fisher's paper to test the exact distribution produced by Fisher against previously known approximations. By May 1916 they were still corresponding in a friendly manner. However Pearson misunderstood the assumptions of Fisher's maximum likelihood method, and criticised it unfairly in the May 1917 Cooperative Study paper which he co-authored with his staff concerning tabulating the frequency curves. Fisher, believing that Pearson's criticism was unwarranted, responded with a paper which criticised examples in the Cooperative Study to the extent of ridiculing them. Fisher had looked again at his earlier correspondence with Pearson, noticed that many of his papers had been rejected, and concluded that Pearson had been responsible.
Although both were strong advocates of statistical methods their approach was rather different. Pearson used large samples which he measured and the tried to deduce correlations in the data. Fisher, on the other hand, followed Gosset in trying to use small samples and, rather than deduce correlations, to find causes. The dispute became bad enough to have Fisher turn down the post of Chief Statistician at the Galton Laboratory in 1919 since it would have meant working under Pearson. The dispute continued to grow in intensity with each taking every opportunity to attack the other's views.
Maria, Pearson's wife, died in 1928 and he remarried Margaret Victoria Child, a co-worker in his department, in the following year. Pearson resigned from the Galton Chair in the summer of 1933 and University College decided to split his Department into two. His son Egon Pearson became head of the Department of Statistics, while Fisher was appointed to the Galton Chair to succeed Pearson as head of the Department of Eugenics.
Greenwood writes of Pearson's character in [9]:-
Pearson was among the most influential university teachers of his time; he took great pains to be intelligible and could hold a large audience either of students or merely casual hearers who were without special interest in his topics. In the smaller circle of his research pupils he inspired enthusiastic personal affection; no head of a department repaid loyal service more generously. ... He had some of the defects of his qualities; he was dominating, ... he had an intense and genuine belief in freedom of thought but was apt to attribute intellectual differences of opinion to stupidity or even moral obliquity. Personal relations between him and his pupils were sometimes painfully interrupted for years; but it is pleasant to record that eventually most of these broken friendships were happily resumed. Only intellectual differences disturbed harmony; in the ordinary social relations of life he was a charming host, guest, or travelling companion. Pearson's influence upon those who only knew him through his writings was also great. He was admired and feared, rather than loved, by many; in some he aroused bitter hostility.
Walker sums up Pearson's importance in [26] as follows:-
Although Pearson made contributions to statistical technique that now appear to be of enduring importance, these techniques are of less importance than what he did in arousing the scientific world from a state of sheer interest in statistical studies to one of eager effort by a large number of well-trained persons, who developed new theory, gathered and analysed statistical data from every field, computed new tables, and re-examined the foundations of statistical philosophy. This is an achievement of fantastic proportions. His laboratory was a world centre in which men from all countries studied. Few men in all the history of science have stimulated as many other people to cultivate and to enlarge the fields they themselves had planted. he provided scientists with the concept of a general methodology underlying all science, one of the great contributions to modern thought.
We have mentioned above some of the honours which Pearson received. Let us also note that he received an honorary degree from the University of St Andrews and from the University of London. He was also elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Quotations by Karl Pearson
Other Mathematicians born in England
A Poster of Karl Pearson
References (show)
C Eisenhart, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). See THIS LINK.
Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Pearson
E S Pearson, Karl Pearson : An Appreciation of Some Aspects of His Life and Work (Cambridge, 1938).
E S Pearson, The Neyman-Pearson story: 1926-34 : Historical sidelights on an episode in Anglo-Polish collaboration, Festschrift for J Neyman (New York, 1966).
J Aldrich, Karl Pearson (1857-1936), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 16 (2001), 11159-11163.
H Ando, Karl Pearson : the statistics with relation to his personality and the society (Japanese), Proc. Inst. Statist. Math. 26 (1) (1979), 45-65.
A W F Edwards, R A Fisher on Karl Pearson, Notes and Records Roy. Soc. London 48 (1) (1994), 97-106.
M Greenwood, Karl Pearson, Dictionary of National Biography, 1931-1940 (London, 1949), 681-684. See THIS LINK.
J B S Haldane, Karl Pearson, 1857 - 1957 : A centenary lecture delivered at University College London, Biometrika 44 (1957), 303-313.
J B S Haldane, Karl Pearson, 1857 - 1957 : A centenary lecture delivered at University College London, in E S Pearson and M G Kendall, Studies in the History of Statistics and Probability (London, 1970), 427-438.
D MacKenzie, Karl Pearson and the professional middle class, Ann. of Sci. 36 (2) (1979) 125-143.
M E Magnello, The non-correlation of biometrics and eugenics : Rival forms of laboratory work in Karl Pearson's career at University College London I, History of Science 37 (1999), 79-106.
M E Magnello, The non-correlation of biometrics and eugenics : Rival forms of laboratory work in Karl Pearson's career at University College London II, History of Science 37 (1999), 123-150.
M E Magnello, Karl Pearson's mathematization of inheritance : from ancestral heredity to Mendelian genetics (1895-1909), Ann. of Sci. 55 (1) (1998), 35-94.
E S Pearson, Karl Pearson : An appreciation of some aspects of his life and work I, Biometrica 28 (1936), 193-257.
E S Pearson, Karl Pearson : An appreciation of some aspects of his life and work II, Biometrica 29 (1938), 161-247.
E S Pearson, Some early correspondence between W S Gosset, R A Fisher and Karl Pearson, Biometrika 55 (1968), 445-457.
E S Pearson, Some early correspondence between W S Gosset, R A Fisher and Karl Pearson, in E S Pearson and M G Kendall, Studies in the History of Statistics and Probability (London, 1970), 405-418.
E S Pearson, The Neyman-Pearson story: 1926-34. Historical sidelights on an episode in Anglo-Polish collaboration, in E S Pearson and M G Kendall, Studies in the History of Statistics and Probability (London, 1970), 455-479.
E S Pearson, Some reflections on continuity in the development of mathematical statistics 1890-94, Biometrika 54 (1967), 341-355.
K Pearson, Old Tripos days at Cambridge, as seen from another viewpoint, Mathematical Gazette 20 (1936), 27-36.
S Sarkar, J B S Haldane and R A Fisher's draft life of Karl Pearson, Notes and Records Roy. Soc. London 49 (1) (1995), 119-124.
S M Stigler, The History of Statistics. The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900 (Cambridge, Mass.-London, 1986), 326-.
S A Stouffer, Karl Pearson - an appreciation on the 100th anniversary of his birth, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 53 (1958), 23-27.
H M Walker, Karl Pearson, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences XI (New York, 1968), 496-503.
H M Walker, The contribution of Karl Pearson, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 53 (1958), 11-22.
S S Wilks, Karl Pearson : Founder of the Science of Statistics, Scientific Monthly 53 (1941), 249-253.
G U Yule, Karl Pearson, Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society of London 2 (1936), 74-104.
Additional Resources (show)
Other pages about Karl Pearson:
Karl Pearson's Introduction to William Clifford's Common Sense
Obituary: RSE
Obituary: The Times
Multiple entries in The Mathematical Gazetteer of the British Isles,
Other websites about Karl Pearson:
Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Dictionary of National Biography
J Aldrich
H Kohler
Mathematical Genealogy Project
MathSciNet Author profile
zbMATH entry
ERAM Jahrbuch entry
Honours (show)
Honours awarded to Karl Pearson
Fellow of the Royal Society 1896
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1934
Popular biographies list Number 166
Cross-references (show)
History Topics: Statistics index
Other: Most popular biographies
Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update October 2003


text:
package com.vl.samples.charts;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Vector;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Paint.FontMetrics;
import android.graphics.Point;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.graphics.Typeface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import com.vl.samples.R;

public class ChartsActivity extends Activity {
	// these_labela has elemnes[label,maxX,maxY]
		static int draw_only_this_idx = -1;
		static int[] drawSizes;
		/**used to draw labels. This specifies the X-Axis start position which means (0,0) position of graph*/
		private int XAxisLineAt=0;

		/**Indicate the length of the line which has to be drawn below X-Axis and before Y-Axis*/
		private int indicationLineLength = 3;
		/**height of the total graph(It means Bitmap height)*/
		private int bitMapHeight = 200;
		/**width of the total graph(It means Bitmap width)*/
		private int bitMapwidth = 320;
		/**graph top margin*/
		private int topMargin = 25;

		@Override
		public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
			super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
			setContentView(R.layout.charts);

			ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.testy_img);

			Bitmap emptyBmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitMapwidth,
					bitMapHeight, Config.ARGB_8888);

			int width =  emptyBmap.getWidth();
			int height = emptyBmap.getHeight();
			Bitmap charty = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);

			charty = quicky_XY(emptyBmap);

			image.setImageBitmap(charty);
		}

		public Bitmap quicky_XY(Bitmap bitmap){
			// xode to get bitmap onto screen
			Bitmap output = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap.getWidth(),
					bitmap.getHeight(), Config.ARGB_8888);
			Canvas canvas = new Canvas(output);

			final int color = 0xffffffff;
			final Paint paint = new Paint();
			final Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight());
			final RectF rectF = new RectF(rect);
			final float roundPx = 12;

			// get the little rounded cornered outside
			paint.setAntiAlias(true);
			canvas.drawARGB(0, 0, 0, 0);
			paint.setColor(color);
			canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, roundPx, roundPx, paint);

			// ---- NOw just draw on this bitmap

			// Set the labels info manually
			String[] cur_elt_array = new String[4];
			cur_elt_array[0]="Voltage";
			cur_elt_array[1]="volts";
			cur_elt_array[2]="99";  // max-graph Y-axis
			cur_elt_array[3]="0";    //min-graph Y-axis

			Vector labels = new Vector();
			labels.add(cur_elt_array);

			draw_the_grid(canvas,labels);
			drawXAndYAxis(canvas);

			//plotting the lines
			Vector data_2_plot = new Vector();

			data_2_plot.add("0.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("1.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("9.6") ;
			data_2_plot.add("100") ;
			data_2_plot.add("44.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("20.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("16.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("20.2") ;
			data_2_plot.add("16.2") ;

			plotArrayList(canvas ,  data_2_plot ,  labels , "the title" , 0 ,Color.GREEN);

			//plotting the lines
			Vector data_2_plot1 = new Vector();

			data_2_plot1.add("4.2") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("2.2") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("8.6") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("60") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("94.2") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("80.2") ;
			data_2_plot1.add("66.2") ;
			plotArrayList(canvas ,  data_2_plot1 ,  labels , "the title" , 0 ,Color.RED);

			canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, rect, rect, paint);

			return output;
		}

		// these_labels is vector of [label,units,max.min]
		//drawing the simple graph
		public void  draw_the_grid(Canvas canvas,  Vector these_labels){
			double rounded_max = 0.0;
			double rounded_min = 0.0;
			double rounded_max_temp;
			Object curElt;
			String[] cur_elt_array;
			int left_margin_d, right_margin_d;

			if( draw_only_this_idx == -1)
				curElt = these_labels.elementAt(0);  // default  it to 1st one if non set
			else
				curElt = these_labels.elementAt(draw_only_this_idx);  // now just the 1st elt

			cur_elt_array = (String[])curElt;

			rounded_max = getCeilOrFloor(Double.parseDouble(cur_elt_array[2]) , true);

			rounded_min = getCeilOrFloor(Double.parseDouble(cur_elt_array[3]) , false);
			Log.d("rounded_max , rounded_min", rounded_max+" , "+rounded_min);

			// ok so now we have the max value of the set just get a cool ceiling and we go on
			final Paint paint = new Paint();
			paint.setTextSize(15);
			//left_margin_d: will hold the y-axis highest label width
			left_margin_d =  getCurTextLengthInPixels(paint, Double.toString(rounded_max));
			Log.d("left_margin_d", left_margin_d+"");
			//keep the position for later drawing -- leave space for the legend

			//		int p_height = 170;
			//		int p_width = 220;

			int p_height = bitMapHeight-30;
			int p_width = bitMapwidth-30;
			int[] tmp_draw_sizes = {2 + left_margin_d, topMargin,p_width - 2 - left_margin_d ,p_height - topMargin -5};
			drawSizes = tmp_draw_sizes; //keep it for later processing

			//with the margins worked out draw the plotting grid
			paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
			paint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#fffacd"));

			//drawing background of the graph
			canvas.drawRect(drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1],drawSizes[0]+ drawSizes[2], drawSizes[1]+ drawSizes[3] , paint);

			//--------------finally draw the grid lines-------------//
			paint.setColor(Color.GRAY );
			paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
			//drawing outline of the graph background
			canvas.drawRect(drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1],drawSizes[0]+ drawSizes[2], drawSizes[1]+ drawSizes[3] , paint);

			//draw vertical grid lines
			int verticalLines = 30;
			for(int i=1; i < verticalLines ; i++){
				paint.setColor(Color.GRAY );
				//vertical lines
				canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0]+ (i * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines), drawSizes[1], drawSizes[0] + (i * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3], paint);

				drawSmallLines:{
					paint.setColor(Color.BLACK );
					int indicationLineLength2 = indicationLineLength;
					if(i%3==0 )
						indicationLineLength2 = indicationLineLength2+4;

					//drawing small line under vertical lines(this draws all lines except 1st(0th) and last position)
					canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0] + (i * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3],drawSizes[0] + (i * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines),drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]+indicationLineLength2, paint);

					//at first line(0th position)
					if(i==1)
						canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0] + ((i-1) * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3],drawSizes[0] + ((i-1) * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines),drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]+indicationLineLength+4, paint);
					//at last position
					if(i==verticalLines-1)
						canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0] + ((i+1) * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3],drawSizes[0] + ((i+1) * drawSizes[2] / verticalLines),drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]+indicationLineLength+4, paint);
				}
			}
			int horizontalLines = 5;
			for(int i=1; i < horizontalLines ; i++)
			{
				paint.setColor(Color.GRAY );
				//horizontal lines
				canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1] + (i * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), drawSizes[0] + drawSizes[2], drawSizes[1] + (i * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), paint);

				drawSmallLines:{
					paint.setColor(Color.BLACK );
					//drawing small line before horizontal lines(this draws all lines except 1st(0th) and last position)
					canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0]-indicationLineLength, drawSizes[1] + (i * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), drawSizes[0] , drawSizes[1] + (i * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), paint);
					//at first line
					if(i==1){
						canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0]-indicationLineLength, drawSizes[1] + ((i-1) * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), drawSizes[0] , drawSizes[1] + ((i-1) * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), paint);
					}
					//at last position
					if(i==horizontalLines-1){
						canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0]-indicationLineLength, drawSizes[1] + ((i+1) * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), drawSizes[0] , drawSizes[1] + ((i+1) * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines), paint);
						XAxisLineAt = drawSizes[1] + ((i+1) * drawSizes[3] / horizontalLines);
					}
				}
			}

			//draw rectangle at last two blocks(This requires in Adeptra app graph)
			paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
			paint.setColor(Color.GRAY );
			canvas.drawRect(drawSizes[2]+ drawSizes[0]-2*(drawSizes[2]/verticalLines), topMargin, drawSizes[0]+drawSizes[2], drawSizes[1]+drawSizes[3], paint);

			//draw 'now' text vertically
			paint.setTextSize(10);
			Rect rect = new Rect();
			paint.getTextBounds("now", 0, "now".length(), rect);
			paint.setColor(Color.RED);
			canvas.drawText("now",drawSizes[2]+ drawSizes[0]-2*(drawSizes[2]/verticalLines) , drawSizes[1]+(drawSizes[3]/2), paint);

			//drawing Y-Axis labels
			drawYAaxisValuesForGrid(canvas, cur_elt_array[1] , ((int)rounded_max)+"" , ((int)rounded_min)+"", cur_elt_array[0] , 2 ,0 );
			//drawing X-Axis labels
			drawXAxisLablesForGrid(canvas,new String[]{});
		}  // --- end of draw_grid ---

		// provate void print_axis_values_4_grid(Graphics thisDrawingArea, string cur_units , string cur_max , string cur_min , string cur_label , ByVal x_guide As Integer, ByVal this_idx As Integer)
		public void drawYAaxisValuesForGrid(Canvas thisDrawingArea, String cur_units , String cur_max , String cur_min , String cur_label , int  x_guide , int  this_idx ){
			String this_str;
			int delta = ( Integer.valueOf(cur_max).intValue()  -  Integer.valueOf(cur_min).intValue() ) / 5;
			final Paint paint = new Paint();

			paint.setColor( Color.BLACK );
			paint.setTypeface( Typeface.MONOSPACE );

			//Font smallyFont = Font.getDefault().derive(Font.PLAIN, 12);
			// thisDrawingArea.setFont(smallyFont);
			paint.setTextSize(8);

			for(int i = 0; i<6 ; i++)
			{
				// 'work our the values so is proper

				this_str =Integer.toString( (Integer.valueOf(cur_min).intValue()  + delta * i) );

				//			final int point = this_str.indexOf('.');
				//			if (point > 0) {
				//				// If has a decimal point, may need to clip off after or force 2 decimal places
				//				this_str = this_str + "00";
				//				this_str =  this_str.substring(0,point+3);
				//			} else {
				//				//this_str = this_str + ".00";
				//			}

				thisDrawingArea.drawText(this_str,  drawSizes[0]-5-getCurTextLengthInPixels(paint, this_str), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]  -  (i * drawSizes[3] / 5)+3  , paint);
				//(or)
				//			if (i == 5)
				//				//                  thisDrawingArea.drawText(this_str,  x_guide - 2, drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3] - (i *drawSizes[3] / 5)  );
				//				thisDrawingArea.drawText(this_str,  x_guide - 2, drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3] - (i *drawSizes[3] / 5) , paint );
				//			else
				//				//thisDrawingArea.drawText(this_str,  x_guide- 2, drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]  -  (i * drawSizes[3] / 5) -3, paint);
				//				thisDrawingArea.drawText(this_str,  drawSizes[0]-3-getCurTextLengthInPixels(paint, this_str), drawSizes[1] + drawSizes[3]  -  (i * drawSizes[3] / 5)+3  , paint);
			}

			// smallyFont = Font.getDefault().derive(Font.BOLD, 12);
			// thisDrawingArea.setFont(smallyFont);
			paint.setTextSize(10);
			switch(this_idx )
			{
			case 0:
				//drawing the title based on graphWidth and title length
				thisDrawingArea.drawText(cur_label ,  (bitMapwidth/2)-(getCurTextLengthInPixels(paint, cur_label)/2), drawSizes[1] -15 , paint);
				break;

			case 1:

				// int len = getFont().getAdvance(cur_label +" - " +cur_units)
				thisDrawingArea.drawText("  " + cur_label +" - " +cur_units,  x_guide - 2 -30, drawSizes[1] -15, paint );
				break;

			}

		}  // --- end of print_axis_values_4_grid ---

		/**Draws labels for X-Axis.
		 * @param canvas Canvas object reference to draw labels on it
		 * @param xLabels labels of X-Axis*/
		private void drawXAxisLablesForGrid(Canvas canvas,String[] xLabels){
			final Paint paint = new Paint();
			int textSize=7;
			paint.setColor( Color.BLACK );
			paint.setTypeface( Typeface.MONOSPACE );
			paint.setTextSize(textSize);

			int yPosition = XAxisLineAt + indicationLineLength + textSize + 1;
			final int totalLengthOf3Lines = drawSizes[2]/10;

			Date d = new Date();
			d.setHours(10); //FIXME: 10-> start hour at 0th position
			d.setMinutes(57);//FIXME: 57-> start time at 0th position
			SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm");

			for(int i=0;i<=10;i++){
				if(i%2==0)
					paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
				else
					paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);

				canvas.drawText(sdf.format(d), ((totalLengthOf3Lines*i)+drawSizes[0])-getCurTextLengthInPixels(paint, sdf.format(d))/2, yPosition, paint);
				d.setMinutes(24+d.getMinutes());//FIXME: 24-> interval time in minutes
			}
		}
		/**draw X and Y axis lines with heavy stroke
		 * @param canvas Canvas object reference to draw lines on it*/
		private void drawXAndYAxis(Canvas canvas){
			Paint paint = new Paint();
			paint.setStrokeWidth(1.2f);
			paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
			canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0], drawSizes[3]+topMargin, drawSizes[0]+drawSizes[2], drawSizes[3]+topMargin, paint);
			canvas.drawLine(drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1], drawSizes[0], drawSizes[3]+topMargin, paint);
		}

		private Point  scale_point(int this_x , double this_y  , Point drawPoint ,
				int scr_x  , int scr_y  , int scr_width  , int src_height  ,
				double maxX  , double minX  , double  maxY  , double minY  ){
			int temp_x, temp_y;
			Point temp = new Point();

			if (maxY == minY)  //skip bad data
				return null;

			//don't touch it if is nothing
			try{
				temp_x = scr_x + (int)( ((double)this_x - minX) * ((double)scr_width / (maxX - minX)) );
				temp_y = scr_y + (int)( (maxY - this_y) * ((double)src_height / (maxY - minY)) );

				temp.x = temp_x;
				temp.y= temp_y;
				drawPoint = temp;
			}
			catch  (Exception e){
				return null;
			}

			return temp;

		} // --- end of scale_point --

		public boolean plotArrayList(Canvas cavas, Vector arrayList , Vector labels , String title , int only_this_idx ,int lineColor){
			int idx;
			int lRow ;
			int nParms;
			int  i, points2Plot, shifted_idx ;
			int prevX, prevY ;
			int curX=0, curY=0 ;

			Point currentPoint = new Point();
			currentPoint.set(0,0);

			double curMaxX, curMinX, curMaxY=20, curMinY=0, cur_rangeY;
			int curStartX, curPoints2Plot;

			final int POINTS_TO_CHANGE = 30;
			double cur_OBD_val;

			//Object curElt;
			String curElt;
			String[] cur_elt_array;
			Object curElt2;
			String[] cur_elt_array2;

			final Paint paint = new Paint();

			try{

				points2Plot = arrayList.size();
				{
					curStartX = 0;
					curPoints2Plot = points2Plot;
					curMaxX = curPoints2Plot;
					curMinX = 0;
				}

				//'Create the plot points for this series from the ChartPoints array:

				curElt = (String)arrayList.elementAt(0);

				//the lines have to come out good
				paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
				//
				//for(  nParms = 0 ; nParms < cur_elt_array.length ; nParms++ )
				nParms = only_this_idx;
				{

					//get cur item labels
					curElt2 = labels.elementAt(nParms);
					cur_elt_array2  = (String[]) curElt2;

					curMaxY = getCeilOrFloor (Double.parseDouble(cur_elt_array2[2]) , true);
					curMinY = getCeilOrFloor (Double.parseDouble(cur_elt_array2[3]) , false);

					curPoints2Plot = arrayList.size();
					curMaxX = curPoints2Plot;

					curElt = (String)arrayList.elementAt(0);
					cur_OBD_val = Double.parseDouble( curElt);

					currentPoint = scale_point(0, cur_OBD_val, currentPoint,
							drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1], drawSizes[2], drawSizes[3],
							curMaxX, curMinX, curMaxY, curMinY); //'(CInt(curAxisValues.Mins(nParms - 2) / 5) + 1) * 5)

					curX = currentPoint.x;
					curY = currentPoint.y;

					paint.setColor(lineColor);

					// the point is only cool when samples are low
					if ( curPoints2Plot < POINTS_TO_CHANGE)
						cavas.drawRect(curX-2, curY-2, curX-2 + 4,curY-2+ 4 , paint);

					prevX = curX;
					prevY = curY;

					//'go and plot point for this parm -- pont after the 1st one
					for (lRow = curStartX +1 ; lRow< curStartX + curPoints2Plot -1 ; lRow++)
					{

						curElt = (String)arrayList.elementAt(lRow);

						cur_OBD_val = Double.parseDouble( curElt);

						//'work out an approx if cur Y values not avail(e.g. nothing)
						// if (! (cur_elt_array[nParms ] == null ) )   //skip bad one
						if( cur_OBD_val == Double.NaN) continue;  //skip bad one
						{

							currentPoint=scale_point(lRow, cur_OBD_val, currentPoint,
									drawSizes[0], drawSizes[1], drawSizes[2], drawSizes[3],
									curMaxX, curMinX, curMaxY, curMinY);

							curX = currentPoint.x;
							curY = currentPoint.y;

							if ( curPoints2Plot < POINTS_TO_CHANGE)
								cavas.drawRect(curX-2, curY-2, curX-2 +4, curY-2 + 4, paint );

							cavas.drawLine( prevX, prevY, curX, curY, paint);
							prevX = curX;
							prevY = curY;

						} // ' if end of this_array(lRow, nParms - 1)<> nothing

					} // end of for lrow

				} // end of for nParmns

				//cavas.invalidate();
				return true;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				return false;

			}

		} // --- end of plot_array_list  --

		// need the width of the labels
		private int getCurTextLengthInPixels(Paint this_paint, String this_text) {
			FontMetrics tp = this_paint.getFontMetrics();
			Rect rect = new Rect();
			this_paint.getTextBounds(this_text, 0, this_text.length(), rect);
			return rect.width();
		} // --- end of getCurTextLengthInPixels  ---

		public double getCeilOrFloor(double this_val ,  boolean is_max  ){
			double this_min_tmp;
			int  this_sign;
			int  this_10_factor=0;
			double this_rounded;

			if (this_val == 0.0)
			{
				this_rounded = 0.0;
				return this_rounded;
			}

			this_min_tmp = Math.abs(this_val);

			if (this_min_tmp >= 1.0 && this_min_tmp < 10.0)
				this_10_factor = 1;
			else if (this_min_tmp >= 10.0 && this_min_tmp < 100.0)
				this_10_factor = 10;
			else if (this_min_tmp >= 100.0 && this_min_tmp < 1000.0)
				this_10_factor = 100;
			else if (this_min_tmp >= 1000.0 && this_min_tmp < 10000.0)
				this_10_factor = 1000;
			else if (this_min_tmp >= 10000.0 && this_min_tmp < 100000.0)
				this_10_factor = 10000;

			//'cover when min is pos and neg
			if (is_max)
			{
				if (this_val > 0.0)
					this_sign = 1;
				else
					this_sign = -1;

			}
			else
			{
				if (this_val > 0.0)
					this_sign = -1;
				else
					this_sign = 1;

			}

			if (this_min_tmp > 1)
				this_rounded = (double)(((int)(this_min_tmp / this_10_factor) + this_sign) * this_10_factor);
			else
			{
				this_rounded = (int)(this_min_tmp * 100.0);
				//' cover same as above bfir number up to .001 less than tha it will skip
				if (this_rounded >= 1 && this_rounded < 9)
					this_10_factor = 1;
				else if (this_rounded >= 10 && this_rounded < 99)
					this_10_factor = 10;
				else if (this_rounded >= 100 && this_rounded < 999)
					this_10_factor = 100;

				this_rounded = (double)(((int)((this_rounded) / this_10_factor) + this_sign) * this_10_factor);
				this_rounded = (int)(this_rounded) / 100.0;

			}

			if (this_val < 0)
				this_rounded = -this_rounded;

			return  this_rounded;

		} // --- end of get_ceiling_or_floor ---

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kathy Radzuweit est une ancienne joueuse de volley-ball allemande née le  à Berlin. Elle mesure  et jouait au poste de centrale. Elle a totalisé 204 sélections en équipe d'Allemagne. Elle a terminé sa carrière en . Son père est originaire de Cuba.

Biographie

Clubs

Palmarès

Clubs
Championnat du monde des clubs
 Vainqueur : 2011.
 Championnat d'Azerbaïdjan
 Vainqueur : 2012.

Distinctions individuelles
 Championnat d'Europe de volley-ball féminin 2003: Meilleure contreuse.

Notes et références

Articles connexes

 Équipe d'Allemagne de volley-ball féminin

Liens externes
  Son profil sur le site de la FIVB
  Son profil sur le site de la CEV

Joueuse allemande de volley-ball
Joueuse de volley-ball aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004
Modèle pour Playboy
Naissance en mars 1982
Naissance à Berlin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Basseterre, St. Kitts-Prime Minister of St. Kitts and Nevis Timothy Harris is confident that that the revamped Citizenship By Investment (CBI) program can protect it from criminally obtained money to obtain citizenship and is willing to sacrifice profitability in the program In order to ensure security in the process.
Dr. Harris responded to questions that tainted money had been used by Ren Biao to obtain a St. Kitts and Nevis Passport.
The Prime Minister said the improved due diligence now in the CBI allows for greater security to the program.
"Somebody who has matters before the court, somebody who has families in countries that are prohibited or considered pariahs in the world, those persons would be flagged and our risk based assessment would ensure that by and large unless they can surpass the relevant requirements that would flow through that those persons would not make the grade in terms of being able to access our citizenship," he said.
Dr. Harris stated that by going through the layers of due diligence ensures that those who will receive citizenship are individuals that have no malicious intent.
"We are subjecting every applicant to almost four to five different layers of due diligence and support and when we get that again, the risk based system that we used that would allow us then to make a judgement whether to approve or deny, and then we have built in our system that at regular intervals, we will do a look back to see what has happened then and then take the requisite action," he said.
The Prime Minister added that he was content to see the program sacrifice some profitability for increased security measures.
"In my view security must always triumph. We will not let ill-gotten gains be the determinant in terms of our policy prescription. I want to make the point that St Kitts and Nevis will never be under Team Unity a haven for criminals, we do not want them in our programme. We wish they were not part of our citizenry, the reality is that when they become citizens we have to deal with that reality and they form the pool of citizens, some who are well minded and some who are not so well committed to the patriotic good," he declared.
The Prime Minister further described some of the vetting procedures that take place under the program.
"In our vetting process we look to see if these are politically exposed persons. Politically exposed persons are people with political contacts and relationships and generally they get a less favourable score when you are dealing with financial institutions," he said, adding that the country the applicant is from is also a consideration.
"If they are from high risk countries such as Iran and North Korea, countries that are described as state sponsors of terrorism all these are matters that we take into account. We do a broad check of media and criminal databases, sanctions list…and make a determination whether they are serious or pending legal regulatory or political matters that would require consideration," he said.
Dr. Harris stated that it was a complex business and that the government is looking to resolve the issues as best as possible.
"We are looking at making some changes in relation to that particular legal framework to ensure that when people get money put in escrow for the Citizenship by Investment programme it is only used for the particular purpose among clients offer different purposes to the extent we can through legal requirements and legislation to ensure that we safeguard people's money so that the integrity of the programme do not become undermined as a result of the inaction or adverse action of those who are service providers or fall in any other category under the program," he said.
He added that he is hopeful the time will come when the Federation could become more self-sufficient and less reliant in the CBI.
"I hope the time will come in the not too distant future where we can as a people reach that level of development that we can easily exit from this program," he stated.
Dr. Harris added that although it has brought significant benefits to St. Kitts and Nevis the evolving market place means that there are significant downsides.
"We have to go back again to strengthen our tourism sector, our agricultural sector, our manufacturing sector, our education sector in terms of our ability to bring more of the kinds of institutions we have here," he said.


1 Mastercraftsman (IRE), Aiden P. O'Brien, J. Murtagh, 6/5Class of the field, no question (pictured).
2 Furthest Land, Michael J. Maker, J. Leparoux, 20-1Won Kentucky Cup Classic last time, but he's not beaten much.
Zenyatta's first preference is the Classic – huzzah!