text:
Das Kabinett Depretis II regierte das Königreich Italien vom 26. Dezember 1877 bis zum 23. März 1878. Ministerpräsident war erneut Agostino Depretis, der bereits das vorherige Kabinett Depretis I anführte.

Das Kabinett Depretis II war das 16. Kabinett des Königreiches und wurde wieder von der "Historischen Linken" () gestützt. Es war 2 Monate und 26 Tage im Amt. Mit dem Schatzministerium wurde ein neues Ministerium geschaffen und zugleich mit königlichem Dekret das Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Industrie und Handel abgeschafft, das seit Ausrufung des Königreiches 1861 bestand. Nach dem Tod von König Viktor Emanuel II. am 9. Januar 1878 wurde der nun geschäftsführende Depretis vom neuen König Umberto I. in seinem Amt bestätigt. Als sich bei der Wahl zum Präsidenten der Abgeordnetenkammer am 8. März 1878 Benedetto Cairoli gegen den Regierungskandidaten durchsetzen konnte, reichte Depretis seinen Rücktritt ein. Der König betraute daraufhin Cairoli mit der Bildung einer neuen Regierung, der schließlich mit seinem Kabinett Cairoli I das Kabinett Depretis II ablöste.

Minister

Literatur
 Francesco Bartolotta: Parlamenti e Governi d'Italia 1848–1961. Rom 1962, S. 55.

Weblinks

 II Governo Depretis auf camera.it (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Depretis2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Booker Little (2 de abril de 1938 en Memphis, Tennessee-5 de octubre de 1961 en Nueva York) fue un trompetista de jazz estadounidense.

Biografía

Los años de Memphis
Booker Little nace el 2 de abril de 1938 en Memphis. Su padre era trombonista, su madre era pianista en una iglesia y su hermana Vera era cantante clásica. A partir de los cinco años Booker se inicia sin gran éxito en el trombón. Su padre, que tocaba de oído, no sabía enseñarle gran cosa sobre teoría musical. A los doce años intenta aprender a tocar el clarinete. En su instituto, la Manassas High School, un profesor lo invita a intentar aprender la trompeta. En este establecimiento, Booker Little toma cursos con Matthew Garrett (el padre de la cantante Dee Dee Bridgewater). Va a tocar a menudo al hotel Mitchell donde actúan Phineas Newborn Jr y George Coleman. Toca también a veces con la orquesta de Dave Bartholomew. Es también en esta época cuando conoce al saxofonista Charles Lloyd, que se convierte en su mejor amigo.

Chicago
En 1954 Little va a estudiar al Conservatorio de Chicago. Estudia trompeta, pero también teoría musical, composición y orquestación. Al cabo de cuatro años, obtiene su diploma. Durante estos años de formación, actúa a veces con Johnny Griffin y su MJT + 3, entre otros. Durante nueve meses, comparte habitación en la YMCA con Sonny Rollins que le enseña mucho sobre la música. Él le hace comprender que hace falta forjarse su propio estilo sacando partido de sus propias cualidades, pero también de sus propios defectos.

El encuentro con Max Roach
En 1955, Sonny Rollins presenta Little al batería Max Roach. Pero Roach no contrata al trompetista para su quinteto hasta 1958 (después de la muerte de Clifford Brown y el breve paso de Kenny Dorham). En junio de 1958, graban, para el sello Emarcy un primer álbum On The Chicago Scene. En julio actúan en el festival de Newport con un grupo atípico, sin piano pero con una tuba. En septiembre, graban, con la misma formación, para Riverside el álbum Deeds No Words.

Los primeros álbumes como líder
En octubre de 1958, Booker Little graba para el sello Blue Note su primer álbum como líder, Booker Little Plus Four. Roach está en la batería y el grupo es sensiblemente el mismo que el suyo. Este disco, que contiene versiones de estándares pero también tres composiciones originales, confirma el talento de Booker Little como trompetista y también como compositor.

En 1959, Booker Little graba un nuevo álbum con el quinteto de Max Roach, un disco con el octeto del trombonista Slide Hampton y uno con el cantante Bill Henderson.

Entre diciembre de 1959 y febrero de 1960, Booker Little graba, como sideman del saxofonista Frank Strozier, un disco admirable. Están acompañados por « the rhythm sección » (la sección rítmica de Miles Davis en aquellos tiempos: Wynton Kelly, Paul Chambers y Jimmy Cobb). En abril, Booker Little graba en cuarteto, para el sello Time, su segundo álbum como líder: Booker Little. El grupo se compone de Tommy Flanagan o Wynton Kelly (según las tomas) al piano, Scott LaFaro al contrabajo y Roy Haynes a la batería.

En agosto, Booker graba para el sello Warwick dos álbumes. Uno es un disco con el sexteto del vibrafonista Teddy Charles (Sounds of Inner City). El otro, The Soul of Jazz Percusión, reúne las tomas tocadas por tres grupos diferentes.

El encuentro con Eric Dolphy
1960 es también para Booker Little el año de su encuentro con Eric Dolphy. Con este último, Booker Little va a romper con la estética post-bebop y hard bop para acercarse al free jazz. La música es audaz (métricas inhabituales, armonías complejas...) y el trompetista utiliza a veces los recursos de la politonalidad pero Booker Little no se libra nunca a la atonalidad total y permanece fiel a un cierto «material armónico», a la manera de Eric Dolphy, aunque Booker Little es menos innovador que este último.

El periodo Candid
En septiembre de 1960, Booker Little participa en la grabación para el sello Candid del disco manifiesto de Max Roach We insist! Freedom now suite. Este disco, en el cual participa Abbey Lincoln y también el veterano Coleman Hawkins es un homenaje a la historia de los afroestadounidenses y también un apoyo al movimiento de los derechos cívicos en Estados Unidos y contra el apartheid en Sudáfrica.

El 21 de diciembre de 1960, Eric Dolphy y Booker Little graban como colíderes, para el sello Prestige/New Jazz, en quinteto, una obra maestra: Far Cry. La sección rítmica está compuesta de Jaki Byard, Ron Carter y Roy Haynes. Estamos aquí muy lejos de un hard bop convencional e incluso del post-bop ya muy innovador de Max Roach. El discurso, sin ser puramente «free», es abiertamente experimental y libertario.

En febrero de 1961, Booker Little participa en la grabación del disco de Abbey Lincoln para Candid. Straight Ahead.

En marzo, siempre para Candid, graba un disco que se puede considerar como su obra fundamental como líder: Out Front.

Los últimos meses
En mayo y junio participa en las sesiones legendarias de los álbumes Africa Brass de John Coltrane. En estos discos, donde Coltrane está acompañado por una big band, cuyos arreglos son de Eric Dolphy, él no es más que un «músico de pupitre» de la orquesta y no hace ningún solo.

En julio de 1961, Booker Little actúa en el club « Five Spot » de Nueva York con Eric Dolphy, Mal Waldron, Richard Davis y Ed Blackwell. Dos álbumes en directo (publicados por el sello Prestige bajo diferentes títulos) nos permiten oír la música tocada durante estas noches.

En agosto, participa en la grabación de Percusión Bitter Sweet, un álbum de Max Roach para el sello Impulse.

En agosto y septiembre graba como líder, para el sello Bethlehem, Victory and Sorrow. Este álbum —a veces reeditado bajo el título Booker Little and Friends— saldrá después, a título póstumo. El 5 de octubre de 1961 Booker Little muere de una crisis de uremia a la edad de 23 años.

Discografía

Como líder
 1958:  Booker Little 4 and Max Roach (United Artists)
 1960:  Booker Little (Time)
 1961:  Out Front (Candid Records) con Julian Priester, Eric Dolphy, Don Friedman, Ron Carter, Art Davis, Max Roach
 1961: Booker Little and Friend (Bethlehem) reeditado como Victory and Sorrow.

Como sideman
Con Max Roach
 Max Roach + 4 on the Chicago Scene (EmArcy, 1958)
 Max Roach + 4 at Newport (Emarcy, 1958)
 Deeds, Not Words (Riverside, 1958)
 Award-Winning Drummer (Time, 1958)
 The Many Sides of Max (Mercury, 1959)
 We Insist! (Candid, 1960)
 Percussion Bitter Sweet (Impulse!, 1961)
Con Eric Dolphy
 Far Cry (Prestige, 1960)
 At the Five Spot (New Jazz / OJC, 1961)
Con John Coltrane
 Africa/Brass (Impulse!, 1960)
Con Slide Hampton
 Slide! (Strand, 1959)
Con Bill Henderson
 Bill Henderson Sings (Vee Jay, 1959)
Con Abbey Lincoln
 Straight Ahead (Candid, 1961)
Con Frank Strozier
 Fantastic Frank Strozier (Vee-Jay Récords, 1960)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Notices d'autorité : Fichier d'autorité international virtuel • International Standard Name Identifier • Bibliothèque nationale de France • Système universitaire de documentation • Bibliothèque du Congrès • Gemeinsame Normdatei • WorldCat
  Page biographique.
  Discographies détaillées
  Discographies détaillées contenant en bas de page « Booker speaks  », une interview de 1961 du trompettiste

Trompetistas de Estados Unidos
Trompetistas de jazz
Músicos de hard bop
Nacidos en Memphis


Low back pain can be either an acute or chronic disabling condition. It will affect most people at some stage in their life and accounts for more sick leave taken than any other single condition.
An acute lower back injury may be caused by a traumatic event, like a car accident or a fall. It occurs suddenly and its victims will usually be able to pinpoint exactly when it happened. In acute cases, the structures damaged will more than likely be soft tissue like muscles, ligaments and tendons. With a serious accident, vertebral fractures in the lumbar spine may also occur.
Chronic lower back pain usually has a more insidious onset, occurring over a long period of time. Physical causes may include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae or a spinal disc herniation, or tumors (including cancer). However, some causes are psychological or emotional, and have been diagnosed as TMS or tension myositis syndrome.
Often, getting a diagnosis of the underlying cause of low back pain and/or related symptoms, such as sciatica, is quite complex. A complete diagnosis is usually made through a combination of a patient's medical history, physical examination, and, when necessary, diagnostic testing, such as an MRI scan or x-ray .
Diagnosis of leg length difference is quite easy. Just stand in front of a mirror in your underwear on a flat, level floor in front of a mirror (a bathroom is usually good). Look at your hips to see if they are level. If one seems higher, put a magazine under the short leg. Keep adding magazines until your hips look level. Measure the height of the magazines. This is the difference in the length of your two legs. 90% of the population has a leg length difference; the same percentage that experiences lower back pain during their lifetime. A difference of only 1% would be 1/3rd inch or more.
Diagnosis of restricted internal hip rotation is also easy. Lie on your stomach with your legs together. Bend your knees 90 degrees so that the soles of your feet point up toward the ceiling. Keeping your knees together, move your feet apart. Your lower legs will form a V. Have someone measure the angle of each lower leg in relation to a vertical line. The angle should be the same for both legs. Each leg should be a minumum of 45 degrees; 60 degrees if you play golf or tennis. Vad, et al, found restricted internal hip rotation on the lead hip associated with lower back pain in professional golfers.
If the pain is severe and does not respond to non-surgical treatments, patients may elect to have surgery to correct the problem causing the pain (e.g. a lumbar disc pressing on a nerve).
To correct leg length difference, insert a hard rubber or cork heel pad into the shoe of the short leg if the difference between the two legs is 3/8ths inch or less. If more, have a shoe repairman build up the sole and heel. Taper the toe to avoid tripping. If more than 3/4 inch, start with 1/2 of what you need so that your body can adjust.
Increase internal hip rotation with stretching or connective tissue massage. Hatha Yoga is an excellent adjunct to professional treatment.
PubMed Muscle energy technique in patients with acute low back pain: a pilot clinical trial.


Sale May Be Subject To Term & Conditions Of An Offering Plan.Very Well Maintained High-Rise Building In Very Safe Neighborhood. Financially Sound Building. Large 3 Bedrooms, 2 Full Baths. Prime Location Close Subway, Lirr, Schools, & Shopping. Onsite Full Service Laundry & Bicycle Room. Covered & Outdoor Parking.


text:
East Texan
Tyler County Booster
Polk County Enterprise
Houston County Courier
Trinity County News Standard
San Jacinto News Times
Search local legal notices
Search Statewide legal notices
Front PageSportsNewsVideoOpinionContact UsFeaturesEventsPrint ShopEast TexanSubscribers— Tyler County Booster— Polk County Enterprise— Houston County Courier— Trinity County News Standard— San Jacinto News TimesPlace A Classified AdCrosswordsLegal Notices— Polk County Enterprise—— Place a legal notice—— Search local legal notices—— Search Statewide legal notices— Tyler County Booster—— Place a legal notice—— Search local legal notices—— Search Statewide legal notices— Trinity County News Standard—— Place a legal notice—— Search local legal notices—— Search Statewide legal notices— Houston County Courier—— Place a legal notice—— Search local legal notices—— Search Statewide legal notices— San Jacinto News Times—— Place a legal notice—— Search local legal notices—— Search Statewide legal noticesPublicationsContests
Top Stories News Sports
Legislative priorities laid out for session
By Rep. Trent Ashby As part of School Board Appreciation Month, I invite parents, teachers, and students to join me in recognizing our local School Board Members who have dedicated their time to serve our Texas students and communities. With more than 5 million students throughout the State of Texas, these local leaders deserve our gratitude for their leadership and devoted service on behalf of…
Property tax cuts headline budget proposal
By Richard LeeSenate correspondent AUSTIN — The amount that homeowners can write off of the taxable value of their home before assessment would nearly double under the budget proposed by the Senate on Wednesday. SB 1, filed by Senate Finance Committee Chair Sen. Joan Huffman of Houston, would increase the homestead exemption from $40,000 to $70,000 at a cost of $1.8 billion for the state. Another…
There is climate change, and it's not the weather
By Tony Farkastony@polkcountypublishing.com The woke tide that crashing on the shores of our society is growing larger. Recently, one of Texas' own has stepped into the fray with a bill that on the face of it would be laughed out of Congress, but because of the idea that wokeness trumps common sense is gaining traction, and prompting different adherents to take wild swings. Such is the case with…
Hegar releases map identifying areas eligible for broadband funding
AUSTIN — Texas Comptroller Glenn Hegar announced the release of the Texas Broadband Development Map last week, which uses data collected from internet service providers (ISPs) to show the availability of various types of high-speed internet access across Texas. The process for creating the map follows the process used by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to create the national broadband…
Join me in recognizing school board members
By Rep. Trent Ashby As part of School Board Appreciation Month, I invite parents, teachers and students to join me in recognizing our local school board members who have dedicated their time to serve our Texas students and communities. With over 5 million students throughout the State of Texas, these local leaders deserve our gratitude for their leadership and devoted service on behalf of our…
Both chambers file budgets
This week we celebrated the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He was a visionary leader and made an invaluable impact on our country. Here are five things happening around your state: Budget filed in both the House and Senate Now that the members are sworn in and both the governor and lieutenant governor are sworn in, the legislature can begin the work of the people. The first step is…
Senate opens session with money in bank
By Richard LeeSenate correspondent AUSTIN — Lawmakers working on the next biennial budget will have more revenue to work with than ever before thanks to strong sales tax collections and a record-breaking budget surplus. State Comptroller Glenn Hegar laid out his biennial revenue estimate on Monday and it was another upward revision for the remaining cash balance from the current '22-'23 budget:…
Pigs in a blanket are NOT kolaches
By Chris Edwards A while back, one of my colleagues brought back a box of some of the yummiest kolaches I had ever wrapped my lips around. He'd just returned from a sojourn to deep Czech country here in Texas, and the resulting raspberry and apricot baked goodness was a welcome gift. Now if you are reading this and thinking "raspberry…apricot? Them ain't kolaches," then you need a bit of…
From the ridiculous to the really ridiculous
By Tony Farkas It may come as a surprise to some that my first real not-under-the-table job was working in the food industry. Starting off as a dishwasher, it wasn't long till I graduated to cooking, and ultimately baking, for a restaurant that at the time was one of the most popular places to eat in town. Aside from steam tables, pots and other equipment, used primarily for vegetables, the main…
Back at the bills
I hope you all had a very Merry Christmas and a safe and happy New Year. The new year brings a new legislative session, so I'll be spending time in Austin working on your behalf over the next 140 days. Here are five things happening around your state: Legislature convenes for 88th Legislative Session The Texas Legislature is officially back in session. Both the Texas Senate and Texas House of…
Best 2023 resolution? Get a pet.
By Tom Purcell It was late December of 2020. COVID cabin fever was hitting me hard. As a writer and communications consultant, I've long worked from an office in my home. I was used to working alone at home, but COVID isolation was pushing me beyond my limits. Family issues were also weighing me down. My father, then 87, was facing a series of health challenges. I was on guard day and night,…
Meet the new boss, same as the old boss
By Tony Farkas It's always a banner day when I can link wonderful lyrics by The Who to the current mess that we have in Washington, D.C. Those words come from the song "Won't Get Fooled Again," which was an anthem for a generation that was fighting the establishment. If you've been following the news, then you've seen the donnybrook going on to appoint a successor to Nancy Pelosi for Speaker of…
Keep legal notices where they belong
Have you ever thought about the importance of community journalism, specifically, local newspapers? I'm sure at one time or another you've seen a family Bible filled with yellowed newspaper clippings of long-ago births, wedding announcements and obituaries of loved ones. Or maybe someone's scrapbook full of newspaper clippings reflecting various accomplishments? I first began reading newspapers…
Energy picks up around state capitol for new session
By Rep. Trent Ashby As we say goodbye to 2022 and welcome 2023, my family and I want to wish you and yours a happy, healthy, and peaceful new year. While most folks are winding down after the holidays, the energy has picked up around your State Capitol, as the 88th Legislative Session will officially begin on Tuesday, January 10. With that in mind, I'd like to remind you of some of the resources…
Given up on your 2023 reading list yet?
By Danny Tyree "Time Enough at Last." The new year reminds me of that classic "Twilight Zone" episode starring Burgess Meredith as a put-upon bookworm. (No, he wasn't reading on the wing of an airplane! Get your episodes straight, with "The Twilight Zone Companion," for Pete's sake!) True bibliophiles are all the same. Whether our preference is studying the rise and fall of empires or the rise…
House committee looks at investments
By Rep. Trent Ashby House Interim Charge: Pensions, Investments & Financial Services With the 88th Legislative Session just around the corner, our tour of interim committees will soon come to a close. For our final stop on our tour of interim charges, we'll examine the House Committee on Pensions, Investments & Financial Services. This nine-member committee oversees the financial obligations of…
Ready to watch your own funeral?
Tyrades! by Danny Tyree My cousin's husband owns a funeral home, so I'm anxious to hear his take on a front-page article from the November 4 "Wall Street Journal." According to the article, morticians are innovating ways to put the "fun" in funeral (including burial plot raffles and "open house" family events featuring food, live music and bouncy houses) – or maybe it was putting the "monument"…
A cup of digital detox is good for the soul
By Chris Edwardscedwards@polkcountypublishing.com I recently did something that seems like an extreme aberration in 2022-going-on-'23: I unplugged from the world for a bit. Yep. No emails, social media, phone, etc., etc. Robinson Crusoe of the 21st century right here. Gentle readers, as a reporter and occasional op-ed scribbler for this website, you can probably imagine that there are a lot of…
Free speech is just exactly that
By Tony Farkas My occasional cohort on these pages did an experiment with a chatbot, assigning it an essay on free speech. I know that it's ironic that a program was writing about freedom, but hey, it's an experiment. The upshot of the four-paragraph screed was that freedom of speech wasn't absolute and needed to have limits placed on it for the public good. It's the "Your right to swing your…
Why bringing the law into this or that is wrong
By Tony Farkas tony@polkcountypublishing.com In yet another trip down the road to superfluous nonsense, earlier this month our vaunted federal leaders decided that since they respect marriage, that there needed to be a law forcing everyone to do the same. It makes sense, I guess, since 26 years ago these (mostly) same people passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which essentially defined marriage…
Committee concerned with state money matters
by Trent Ashby With the holidays upon us, we're immersed with reasons to celebrate. And while the end of December is perhaps the busiest time of year, it's my hope that, amidst all of the fanfare and pageantry, we take a moment to be still and recenter ourselves on why we have reason to celebrate — Christ's coming into the world so that He might offer up His life as a sacrifice for the sins of…
Do you want fries with that?
By Mollie LaSallenews@tylercountybooster.com I recently went to a nameless fast-food restaurant the other day and placed my order at the drive-through. I ordered a large drink and a cheeseburger; that's all I wanted. The young man then proceeded to ask me if I wanted regular fries or curly fries, to which I replied "I don't want any fries". He said "Okay, please pull around to the window and I…
Personal growth starts with practicing gratitude
Several years ago, I had the opportunity to hear a woman speak about grace in the workplace. She talked about creating a gratitude journal, commenting that it didn't have to be anything fancy but could be as simple as an inexpensive spiral notebook. In her gratitude journal she writes things for which she is grateful regarding her job and her co-workers. For example, she mentioned that she often…
By Tony Farkas In yet another trip down the road to superfluous nonsense, earlier this month our vaunted federal leaders decided that since they respect marriage, that there needed to be a law forcing everyone to do the same. It makes sense, I guess, since 26 years ago these (mostly) same people passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which essentially defined marriage as being between a man and a…
Publisher Points - We would like to work with you in 2023
by Kelli Barnes A newspaper, by definition, brings news of interest to the area where published, in the form of the printed page. If a newspaper is good, it will be useful to you. Yes, searching in multiple places to find what you need to know is an option, but the job of the newspaper is to compile a good mixture of information about the community into one central, convenient location. The more…
Music choice one that will make the mood
By Tony Farkas If there's a person that loves Christmas, that person would be … my wife. Seriously. At last count, there were seven (!) fully dressed and themed Christmas trees in my house. Each bedroom (four of them) had decorated mini trees. There's something like 15 doors facing into living areas, each of which have wreaths of various styles hanging on them. Even the coat closet, if you can…
Will this be your best Christmas ever?
By Danny Tyree When writing advertising copy, I sometimes find myself desperately searching for a zinger of a tag line - and settling for trite admonitions such as "Make this the best hunting season ever" or "Make this the best summer vacation ever." I despise such capitulations to deadlines, because listeners with terminal illnesses, maxed-out credit cards or fruitless marriage counseling…
I did it. So what?
By Tony Farkastony@polkcountypublishing.com Whatever happened to personal responsibility? Whatever happened to consequences, and whatever happened to the rule of law? Recent events have me puzzled about what it actually means to the phrase actions have consequences. Growing up, my dad gave me a pretty simple rule about my behavior, particularly as I grew older: Do what you want, just don't get…
Opinion articles will show up on this page.
Say something here...
symbols left.
Also subscribe to this post
You are a guest
or post as a guest
Search ETxN
ETxN RSS Feeds
Joomla Feed Manager News
Polk County Publishing Company

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nuseirat Refugee Camp - Where is Nuseirat Camp Located?
al-Nuseirat camp is a Palestinian refugee camp in Deir al-Balah Governorate.
Where is al-Nuseirat Camp Located?
A busy and crowded refugee camp, al-Nuseirat refugee camp is currently home to more than 60,000 refugees. Located in the middle of the Gaza Strip, al-Nuseirat is in close proximity to the camps of al-Bureij and al-Maghazi.
The 16,000 refugees who originally settled in the camp had fled from the southern districts of Palestine after the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, including the coast and Be'er Sheva. The camp took its name from a local Bedouin tribe and at first the refugees had to live in a former British military prison in the area.
The blockade of Gaza has increased unemployment and caused shortages of adequate drinking water and electricity.
The camp has extremely high population density, but people are unable to repair or build new homes because of the ban on importing building materials.


text:
Media System Research
Selection of Countries
Written by Katharina Dorn
Back to Country Selection
Area: 1.964.375 square kilometres
Population: approx. 120 Mio.
Capital: Mexico City
State form: federal republic
Official language: Spanish
Religion: Christian (81 per cent, 2014)
Mexico is known as one of the most dangerous countries for journalists. According to Reporters Without Borders, more than 80 journalists were killed since 2000 – many cases being unresolved. A lot of these journalists wrote about the Mexican drug cartels, corruption and the collaboration between politics and organized crime. As a consequence, journalists often avoid discussing sensitive information – self-censorship has become commonplace in the land of drug cartels. Ownership concentration, especially in the broadcasting sector is fairly high, also liBmiting press freedom. Many journalists are badly paid and therefore vulnerable to corruption. In 2015, Reporters without Borders ranked Mexico on the 149th place out of 180 countries. In its annual Freedom of the Press report in 2015, the Freedom House Foundation scores it 63 of 100, rating it "not free". Besides the strong influence of organized crime, high market concentration and bad working conditions, journalism in Mexico is also heavily affected by strong long-term relations with the government. Because of a weak public media market, low diversity due to high media concentration and a rather indirect influence of politics (via close ties to media owners, licensing, state advertising, personal intervening of politicians), the Mexican media system can be grouped together with other Latin American countries like Peru and Brazil in the Cartelism type.
Communication policy and regulations
Since 1917, media freedom is guaranteed by Article 6 (free expression of ideas) and 7 (freedom of writing and publishing; ban on censorship) of the Mexican Constitution (Organization of American States, 2016). However, literature on the country's media system is full of reports about interference in media freedom and journalists' autonomy. Even though media freedom is granted by law it is de facto not exercised in reality. Mexican media is strongly influenced by the government, organized crime, a highly concentrated market and bad working conditions for journalists.
The Mexican media system has a long history to look back on concerning its strong ties with politics. From 1929 when the Mexican Revolution was institutionalized until 2000, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional , PRI) was governing the country – establishing a one-party-system and extending its power in nearly all segments of society, including the media sector. In this time, "the media were subordinate rather than autonomous, passive rather than assertive, and reproducers of regime voices and messages rather than a diversity of voices and perspectives" (Hughes, 2008: 132 et seq.). The media arose oligarchic with a small number of government-related elite families controlling most of the broadcasting sector. In 1973, the media giant Televisa was created out of these structures, being one of the first descendants of state-granted concessions. It is notorious for maintaining close relations with the government. For a long time, Televisa operated without commercial competition until several state-owned stations were privatized in 1993, creating TV Azteca which turned into the second largest television station after Televisa (ibid.; cf. also journalists' autonomy).
In 2000, the PRI lost the elections against the right-wing conservative party PAN (Partido de Acción Nacional), which lead to a positive shift in media policy allowing especially print media to be more competitive and independent of the government and promoting quality and diversity in the print sector (journalist, The Economist; Schneider, 2011b: 53). This process of media democratization lead to several reforms, like the Federal Law on Transparency and Access to Government Information (2003), respecting journalists' rights of access to governmental information and the amendment of Article 41 of the constitution, abolishing the possibility for political parties to purchase radio and television airtime (Schneider, 2011b: 54). In 2006, journalists finally were legally granted to protect their sources from disclosure (Hughes, 2008: 148).
After twelve years, the PRI returned to power with the new Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto which also led to new major changes in the media sector. Due to increasing public pressure for media reforms, the IFT (Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones), a regulation authority created by the president in order to take action against market concentration in the broadcasting sector was established in 2013. One year later, the IFT created the Federal Telecommunications and Broadcasting Act (Ley Telecom), a new reform in the telecommunication sector which should facilitate greater competition among television stations (trainee, Konrad Adenauer Foundation). The law ensures that two new concessions will be granted to new broadcasters, weakening the duopoly of the two big players Televisa and TV Azteca. According to the IFT, the market dominating Televisa has to share its infrastructure with competitors (Freedom House, 2015b). Already in 2008, a new media law should have been created by government.
However, the approach failed because the draft had not been created by parliament, but by Televisa itself (Hillenbrand, 2014). Due to recent amendments of the law by the PRI, the authority of the IFT however has been weakened. Only the company with the dominant position of the respective market can be regulated. Since Televisa is assigned to the telecommunication sector it loses its monopoly position to the big telecommunication providers América Móvil and Telmex, owned by the Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim (Bräth, 2014). Therefore, regulatory measures against Televisa cannot be taken by the IFT so far. Furthermore, Ley Telecom (cf. journalists' autonomy) authorizes the government to intercept electronic communications (e.g. by tracking and geo-locating mobile phone use in real time) and requires internet companies to save user information without judicial oversight. This could pose a significant threat to bloggers because the law theoretically enables authorities to identify journalists' sources and monitor whistle-blowers and other individuals engaging in political expression. Consequently, Ley Telecom enhances state control over the media and simultaneously weakens journalists' protection against censorship and monitoring (Freedom House, 2015b; cf. also journalists' autonomy).
Media offers
The most important mass media channels in Mexico are TV and radio (Federal Foreign Office Germany, 2016; Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2011). Especially television enjoys great popularity and trust among the population and is known as the most politically influential medium as it is the main source of political information for the population (Schneider, 2011b: 48; Thomaß, 2013). The great popularity of television can be explained by the income of the Mexican population. The country has one of the largest income-gaps in Latin America which influences the diversity of media Mexicans have access to. Broadcast television and radio are by far the most accessed type of media because of their low acquisition cost. Especially radio plays an important role in rural areas due to financial restrictions and limited infrastructure. Internet and pay-TV, however, are hardest to access by the poor (Hughes, 2008: 135). Besides its strong political influence, TV also strongly serves entertainment purposes making telenovelas the most popular TV programme offer in Mexico which have also become an export hit throughout the world (Freedom House, 2015b).
The market structure of Mexican media is largely shaped by the dominance of the broadcasting sector. There are two different forms of broadcasting stations: cultural offers which need to be approved by authorities and are mostly state-owned and commercial stations requiring a license, which is granted by the president (Gebhardt, 2012; Matschke, 2014: 2; cf. also journalists' autonomy). Besides some state-owned and public TV channels like Canal 11 or Canal 22, most of the Mexican broadcasters are privately-owned (Gebhardt, 2012: 2). Holding less than two per cent market share, the influence of public TV channels is rather insignificant (Gómez Garcia & Sosa-Plata, 2011: 7). The most important TV channels are Canal 2, 4, 5 & 9 owned by Televisa and Canal 7 and 13 of TV Azteca making both companies the big players on the Mexican TV market, reaching a total market share of about 90 per cent (cf. also journalists' autonomy). Televisa owns 258 concessions to run terrestrial television with an outreach of about 60 per cent (Buerstedde, 2014; Gebhardt, 2012: 1). The biggest and most important media company of the Spanish-speaking world has established a leading position in the country. Dominating the television industry, Televisa also possesses several football clubs, marketing companies, telecommunication providers, the biggest publisher of Spanish newspapers, an important radio group, a pay-TV provider and even an airline (Schneider, 2011b: 46). The only noteworthy competitor to Televisa is the private broadcaster TV Azteca reaching a market share of about 30 per cent. The expansion of Televisa in many industries has led to a big political, economic and content-related influence. This made the broadcaster an important part of the political power system – often being labelled as a mouthpiece of the government.
Similar to the television sector most Mexican radio stations are privately-owned. However, compared to the TV sector, commercial radio is slightly less concentrated (Gebhardt, 2012: 2; Hughes, 2008: 138). Nine companies own 70 per cent of all radio stations with Grupo ACIR (169 stations), Radiorama (116 stations) and Televisa Radio (64 stations) being three of the biggest players of the radio sector (Noam 2015). Furthermore, there are also a few state radio stations like Radio Educación owned by the Ministry of Education and about 150 to 200 free community radios. The latter are mostly located in the south and are very important to indigenous people because they offer programs in their native tongue (Gebhardt 2012: 2). They also play an important role in spreading critical information of social and political movements and are often broadcasting without license. "Community radios are political projects, an attempt to see the world differently. They must have the right to exist, both in the centre and periphery" explains María Eugenia Chávez, coordinator of the community radio association AMARC-Mexico (ibid.: p.3). However, since community radio doesn't have a commercial purpose, it is very hard for the stations to survive with only donations as source of funding.
In contrast to the broadcasting sector, the Mexican newspaper market is less concentrated in its ownership-structure, with a fairly broad diversity in the urban print media (Freedom House, 2015b). This fact can be explained by Mexican media history. In the past, subsidies and state support in advertising resulted in an overcrowded press market which persists until today. Yet, despite the vast number of newspapers in Mexico, readership is concentrated on just a few major publications which only have a rather small reach (Hughes 2008: 133). For example, the conservative daily El Universal (138.000), the liberal-conservative newspaper Reforma (circulation: 134.000) and the leftist daily La Jornada (108.000) are representing the biggest members of the press market (Federal Foreign Office Germany, 2016). In Mexico City, 25 daily newspapers are available reaching only 1.5 million readers (Hughes, 2008: 133) with the two major newspaper groups El Universal and Grupo Reforma dominating the market with their flagship newspapers and several tabloids. Concentrated on the capital city and provincial capitals, the press coverage is strongly focused on entertainment purposes, often being accused for tabloidization (Hughes, 2008: 133). Newspapers dealing critically with political issues are rare – one of the most influential political journals is Proceso (McPhail, 2009).
About half of the Mexican population (2016: 54 per cent) – especially young people with higher education – is using the internet (Poushter, 2016). Until its liberalization in 1997, internet development was slowed down by non-competitive behaviour of the telecommunications company Telmex which held the monopoly on internet services back then (Hughes, 2008: 148). Since then, the country has experienced dramatic improvement in both internet penetration and quality of access making it the second biggest internet market in Latin America (after Brazil) caused by increasing digitalization and use of smartphones (McPhail, 2009). The Mexican ICT market is highly concentrated with the telecommunications giant América Móvil owning 80 per cent of the landlines and 70 per cent of wireless internet subscriptions. In many cases, the internet (especially social media) is used as a platform for digital activism, allowing users to operate under the protection of anonymity. Blogs, Facebook and Twitter have become an important source for information when reporting is made impossible by the influence of drug cartels (Freedom House, 2015a). In order to promote the network expansion, former president Vicente Fox launched the initiative e-méxico in 2003 which should guarantee internet access to all Mexican communities (Trejo Delabre, 2004: 981). Despite these efforts, Mexico still suffers of a huge digital divide between the north and the south. Many people in rural areas cannot access the World Wide Web and therefore heavily rely on information of the traditional and often biased media. In 2014, only ten per cent of the population had access to the internet in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca while more than half of the homes had access in Mexico City. However, the disparities were partially ameliorated by the availability of internet cafes (Freedom House, 2015a: 3 et seq.).
Journalists' autonomy
Although media freedom is granted by the Mexican Constitution, there's serious interference in the media system by politics and drug cartels (Hughes, 2008: 147) which often consider autonomous journalists as a risk. Furthermore, high concentration of the media market and poor working conditions are regarded as a threat for media freedom in Mexico.
Poor working conditions for journalist
Generally, there are two ways to become a journalist in Mexico: via vocational training or by choosing an academic career (journalist, El Universal). Nowadays, there are more young reporters entering the labour market than jobs existent in the media. Besides shortcomings in journalists' training, their working and financial conditions are often poor (Priess 2015). In many cases reporters earn less than $500 a month, making them susceptible to corruption (Flörchinger, 2015; Hughes, 2008: 147). Often media owners take bribery into account paying minimum wages to journalists because they expect that these bribes "will more than compensate for the abysmally low salaries" (Fromson, 1996: 116). Consequently, reporting is strongly biased in Mexico. Only some big newspapers, like Proceso are paying higher wages prohibiting the acceptance of bribery (Schneider, 2011a: 89).
Strong political and economic ties of Mexican journalism with the government
The persistence of Mexican newspapers is largely dependent on revenues from paid publications, ordered by government (gracetillas) and private advertisements which represent their largest source of income (Schneider, 2011b). This economic dependency leads to self-censorship – many (especially small) newspapers cannot afford to lose their advertisement revenues and therefore report loyal to the regime. While negative reporting about politics is permitted, the media operate in accord with an unwritten rule of not criticising government officials, especially the president (McPhail, 2009; Merrill & Miró, 1997).
Another taboo issue is concerning the coverage about the church which owns an untouchable status in Mexico (Hughes, 2006: 92). The current state president Enrique Peña Nieto also benefits from the close connection of the media and the government. He is accused of using Televisa for his own purpose. In order to promote his electoral campaign, Nieto allegedly paid $36 million to the broadcasting station (Gebhardt 2012: 8; Matschke 2014). Furthermore, his wife is a well-known soap actress of the broadcasting giant (Priess, 2015). In fact, Emilio Azcárraga Jean, CEO of Televisa makes no secret of the fact that the broadcasting station is supporting the PRI: "Televisa considers itself part of the governmental system" (Lawson, 2002: 30). Besides influencing the newspapers via gracetillas, the president can wield power over the broadcasting system by granting concessions (cf. media offers). This results into strong market restrictions and therefore concentration. Since 1993, when TV Azteca was offered a license, no new concessions were granted (Buerstedde, 2014).
Lack of transparency and arbitrariness are common and often criticised side effects of the licensing process (Gebhardt, 2012: 2; Schneider, 2011b: 52). In order to create more pressure on newspapers, the government is also able to restrict access to paper and ink due to monopolizing the production of both (Merrill & Miró, 1997). One example for the governmental interference is the reporting of the newspaper Excélsior about the massacre of Tlateloco in 1968, where the government shot several peacefully protesting students to death. Excélsior accused the government of mass murder and was financially ruined by severe ad loss (freelance journalist 2). In 2006, Radio Calenda reported about the dispute of the PRI and community members of the city San Antonino de Velasco. As a result, it was assaulted by PRI members and later went bankrupt (Gebhardt 2012: 8). "State-level politicians occasionally use weak judiciaries and holdover authoritarian laws to punish journalists whose work they dislike" (Hughes, 2008: 147). Furthermore, the Ley Telecom (2014) enabled authorities to identify or monitor journalists' sources by obligating internet companies to save user-information, overriding the initiative of the protection of sources in 2006 (Freedom House, 2015b). The law also gives the government the power to shut down telecommunications services in order to prevent crime.
High concentration of the media market
The Mexican media market is highly concentrated with close ties to the government (freelance journalist 2). Especially in the broadcasting sector, only two big players are controlling the market: Televisa and TV Azteca, receiving about 80 per cent of advertising revenues and 94 percent of all audience ratings in the Mexican free-TV sector (Schneider, 2011b: 50; cf. also media offers). Mexican broadcast television's ownership structure is among the most highly concentrated private-sector systems in the world (Hughes & Lawson 2004). This is the result of a restrained licensing regime of the government in the past granting concessions only to a few selected broadcasters. Regarding the press market, the economic dependence of newspapers on private advertisements and editorials of the government has also lead to a small number of competitive market participants, mainly located in Mexico City (Hughes, 2008: 145).
Consequently, only a few media have dominant influence on public opinion which can also be described as a "vertical orchestra" (Moreno, 2015). In many cases their contents are copied by smaller media which otherwise have to fear economic blackmail by losing advertising revenues. In order to strengthen these hegemonic structures, in 2006, the media giant Televisa used its political relations to pass a reform of the federal law on radio and television, granting the dominating actors in the broadcasting sector many advantages. This reform, also called Televisa Law, should grant a license period for 20 years and the possibility to pay for getting a concession, primarily preferring already big market players (Gómez Garcia & Sosa Plata, 2009: 1057 et seq.; Hughes, 2008: 141). The law was declared unconstitutional one year later offering new possibilities (cf. Ley Telecom) to new competitors to enter the market (Huber 2007).
Journalism threatened by organized crime
Mexican journalists are regularly being targeted by drug cartels: they are often threatened, kidnapped, tortured and killed for their reporting (Schneider, 2011b: 42). In the first half of 2016, already six journalists have lost their lives after writing about the work of the drug cartels. Although general coverage about the activities of the drug cartels is tolerated and often used as a convenient PR platform, journalists often risk their lives by further research: "Reporting basic information about criminal activities – including names of drug lords, smuggling routes, and prices – places journalists at direct risk" (Committee to Protect Journalists 2010). In its annual report in 2008, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) states: "Mexico has become one of the most dangerous countries in the world for the press, with journalists routinely targeted for their reporting" (CPJ, 2008: 6).
According to the CPJ Impunity Index 2015, Mexico ranks 8th out of 14, having a high number of 19 unsolved murders of journalists between 2005 and 2015. Number one is Somalia with 30 unsolved cases (CPJ 2015). The increasing threat by organized crime led to a surrender of the media in many cases. In September 2010, the Mexican newspaper El Diario de Júarez, publically known for its strong reporting from the deadly streets of Cuidad Júarez, asked the drug cartels for guidance if it should publish stories on the drug war after two of their journalists were killed by cartel members. "We ask you to explain what you want from us, what we should try to publish or not publish, so we know what to expect" (El Diario de Juárez, 2010). In order to preserve the reporters' lives, the newspaper willingly compromised its news coverage. This example is a symbol for the acute danger for journalists and for the major threat to press freedom in Mexico.
Interference with the media however is largely depending on the geographical position (journalist, The Economist). In several regions that are heavily controlled by organized crime, journalists cannot operate freely. Mexico is situated south of the USA having a 3200 km long border in the north which divides the two countries. The United States are an important sales market for drugs – over 90 per cent of Cocaine consumed in the USA crosses the Mexican border (Hoffmann, 2015). As a consequence, Northern Mexico is strategically important for drug cartels and therefore controlled by them, reducing media freedom dramatically in this regions (Schneider, 2011b: 54). Furthermore, the eastern harbour city Veracruz – the main trading place for drugs – is also known as one of the world's most dangerous places for journalists (Zeit Online, 2016). According to Freedom House, already 15 deaths of journalists were recorded in Veracruz with potential work-related motives since 2000 (Freedom House, 2015b). Due to this insecure environment, almost no press is situated in the north (journalist, The Economist). But even in Mexico-City, formerly known as a safe haven for journalists, Mexican photographer Rubén Espinosa was tortured and murdered in 2015 (CPJ, 2015).
In order to protect themselves against hostility or punishment, journalists often practice self-censorship (journalist, El Universal; journalist, The Economist; Priess 2015) or anonymously use social media channels in order to speak the truth when it comes to sensitive information about the government or drug cartels – every report can lead to death. Journalists have been offered a choice: plata o plomo (silver or lead) – either you follow the unwritten rules or you're going to regret it (freelance journalist 1; Hughes, 2006: 104).
In some cases, only blogs and social media platforms are able to provide reliable information in a country where the media surrenders to drug-related violence and political influence. This underground journalism is increasingly on the rise in Mexico (journalist, El Universal; freelance journalist 2). Websites like Reporte Indigo, Animal Político or the famous blog Tierra del Narco are trying to fill the void of truth by daily reporting about the atrocities of the drug cartels. On Twitter the hashtag #mtyfollow informs the public about current gunfights and murders in Monterrey. However, the cartels also make every effort to identify the blog owners. Two years ago, the founder of the website Nuevo Laredo en vivo, María Macías was found decapitated on the streets, next to a threatening message of the Los Zetas crime syndicate (Burghardt, 2013; Viohl, 2013). Due to public pressure the government released a federal program on the Protection of Human Right Defenders and Journalists in 2013, to protect reporters against hostile attacks. However, because of missing funds and lacking of political support the program failed to yield prosecutions. Calling for a full investigation of the crimes, a letter was written to the president by more than 600 journalists, supported by the CPJ reading: "Organized crime, corrupt government officials, and a justice system incapable of prosecuting criminals all contribute to reporters' extreme vulnerability" (CPJ, 2015).
Yet, still many deaths of journalists are not adequately investigated – the national authorities are often either unable or unwilling to detect the murder, leading to a lack of trust towards the government and the police (Burghardt, 2013; freelance journalist 2; Hughes, 2008: 147; Weiss, 2013). According to the human rights organization Article 19 only ten per cent of all cases since 2000 were resolved (Rüb, 2015). Corruption seems one of the biggest obstacles in the fight against organized crime (Priess, 2015; trainee, Konrad Adenauer Foundation). It is presumed that many national authorities have been infiltrated by bribes of the cartels (Flörchinger, 2015). However, it is even more striking to see that there's also a lack of public pressure against media freedom violations. Reasons can be found in the reputation of Mexican journalists in society who are often seen as a mouthpiece of the government (freelance journalist 1; journalist, El Universal). This image can be explained by the strong long-term interference of the government with the media which is hardly indispensable from the minds of the public. Furthermore, the Mexican media is often accused of a boulevard character which results in a negative effect on the credibility of journalism (freelance journalist 1; Priess 2015). It is surprising to note that there exists a clear discrepancy between the public image of journalism and the way journalists perceive themselves and their work. Many Mexican journalists see themselves primarily as investigators and defenders of truth (freelance journalist 1; journalist, El Universal; journalist, The Economist).
This country report is largely based on a seminar paper composed by Beatrice Böres and Laura Trinkl at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich in 2015. All interviews have been conducted by them from January to February 2015. The author thanks Ms. Böres and Ms. Trinkl for their work, without which this country report wouldn't have been possible.
Interviewed experts (remote via Skype, telephone, email)
Two freelancers (freelance journalist 1: journalist, author & blogger; freelance journalist 2: journalist, blogger)
Two newspaper journalists (The Economist: culture journalist; El Universal: economic journalist)
One trainee of the foreign office of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation
Frank Priess, Deputy Director of the Department for European and International Cooperation of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation
Federal Foreign Office Germany (2016). Mexiko. https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes_Uebersichtsseiten/Mexiko_node.html [July 03, 2016].
Bräth, E. (2014). Televisa geht shoppen. Interview mit Aleida Calleja zu Hintergründen und Folgen der Reformgesetze im Telekommunikationsbereich. http://lateinamerika-nachrichten.de/?aaartikel=televisa-geht-shoppen [July 03, 2016].
Buerstedde, P. (2014). Neue Fernsehkonzessionen in Mexiko verzögern sich. Telekomreform bestätigt Ende 2015 als Frist für Übergang zu Digitalfernsehen. http://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Navigation/DE/Trade/Maerkte/suche,t=neue-fernsehkonzessionen-in-mexiko-verzoegern-sich,did=1059348.html [July 03, 2016].
Burghardt, P. (2013). Terror gegen Journalisten in Mexiko. Wo die Wahrheit stirbt. http://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/terror-gegen-journalisten-in-mexiko-wo-die-wahrheit- stirbt-1.1629654 [July 03, 2016].
Committee to Protect Journalists. (2008). CPJ 2008 Annual Report. https://cpj.org/about/CPJ.Annual.Report.3MB.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Committee to Protect Journalists. (2010). Silence or Death in Mexico's Press. Crime, Violence, and Corruption Are Destroying the Country's Journalism. https://www.cpj.org/ reports/cpj_mexico_english.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Committee to Protect Journalists. (2015). Getting Away With Murder. CPJ's 2015 Global Impunity Index spotlights countries where journalists are slain and the killers go free. https://cpj.org/reports/2015/10/impunity-index-getting-away-with-murder.php#8 [July 03, 2016].
El Diario de Juárez. (2010). ¿Qué quieren de nosotros? http://diario.mx/Local/2010-09-19_cfaade06/_que-quieren-de-nosotros/?/ [July 03, 2016].
Flörchinger, J. (2015). Aussichtslose Situation für Journalisten in Mexiko. https://amerika21.de/analyse/126281/journalisten-mexiko [July 03, 2016].
Freedom House. (2015a). Freedom On The Net 2015. Mexico. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/resources/FOTN 2015_Mexico.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Freedom House. (2015b). Mexico. https://freedomhouse.org/print/47129 [July 03, 2016].
Fromson, M. (1996). Mexico's Struggle for a Free Press. In R. R. Cole (Ed.), Communication in Latin America: journalism, mass media, and society (p. 115–137). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
Gebhardt, K. (2012). Infoblätter Community Radio. Mexiko. http://www.npla.de/old/de/materialien/33-infoblatt/4179-infoblatt-community-radio-mexiko [July 03, 2016].
Gómez Garcia, R., & Sosa Plata, G. (2009). Das Mediensystem Mexikos. In Hans-Bredow- Institut (Ed.), Internationales Handbuch Medien 2009/2010 (p. 1056–1067). Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Gómez Garcia, R., & Sosa-Plata, G. (2011). Mapping Digital Media: Mexico. A Report by the open society foundations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-mexico-20130605_0.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Hillenbrand, L. (2014). Neues Telekommunikationsgesetz in Mexiko. Umstrittenes Gesetz erlassen. Kritiker beklagen die fehlende Unterstützung für öffentliche Medien und Überwachung der gesamten Telekommunikation. https://amerika21.de/2014/07/103292/ley-telekom-mexiko [July 03, 2016].
Huber, R. (2007). "Medialer Rechtsstaat". Das mexikanische Verfassungsgericht behauptet sich gegen die Macht der privaten Medienkonzerne. http://www.presserecht.de/images/nachrichten/7_dokument_dok_pdf_11270_1.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Hughes, S. (2006). Newsrooms in conflict: journalism and the democratization of Mexico. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0f2z5-aa [July 03, 2016].
Hughes, S. (2008). The media in Mexico: From authoritarian institution to hybrid system. In J. Lugo-Ocando (Ed.), The media in Latin America (p. 131–149). Berkshire: Open University Press.
Hughes, S., & Lawson, C. H. (2004). Propaganda and crony capitalism. Partisan bias in Mexican Television News. Latin American Research Review , 39(3): 81–105.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. (2011). Estadística sobre disponibilidad y uso de tecnología de información y comunicaciones en los Hogares. http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/encuestas/especiales/endutih/endutih2011.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Lawson, C. H. (2002). Building the fourth estate: democratization and the rise of a free press in Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Matschke, A. (2014). Grupo Televisa. http://www.mediadb.eu/datenbanken/intmedien konzerne-2012/grupo-televisa.html [July 03, 2016].
McPhail, T. (2009). Mexico. Basic Data. http://www.pressreference.com/Ma-No/Mexico.html [July 03, 2016].
Merrill, T., & Miró, R. (1997). Mexico: a country study. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress.
Noam, E. M. (2015). Who owns the world's media?: media concentration and ownership around the world. New York: Oxford University Press.
Organization of American States. (2016). Constitution of Mexico. https://www.oas.org/juridico/mla/en/mex/en_mex-int-text-const.pdf [July 03, 2016].
Poushter, J. (2016). Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies. But advanced economies still have higher rates of technology use. http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-continues- to-climb-in-emerging-economies/ [July 03, 2016].
Rüb, M. (2015). Aufklärung unwahrscheinlich. Journalistenmorde in Mexiko. http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/amerika/mexiko-mord-aufklaerung-von-ruben-espinosa-unwahrscheinlich-13745409.html [July 03, 2016].
Schneider, L. (2011a). Journalismus und Pressefreiheit in Mexiko: Wie mexikanische Journalisten die Pressefreiheit in ihrem Land einschätzen. Münster: LIT.
Schneider, L. (2011b). Pressefreiheit in Mexiko. Politik und organisiertes Verbrechen gefährden die unabhängige Berichterstattung. http://www.kas.de/wf/de/33.29401/ [July 03, 2016].
Thomaß, B. (2013). Mediensysteme im internationalen Vergleich. Konstanz: UVK.
Trejo Delabre, R. (2004). Medien in Mexiko. In Hans-Bredow-Institut (Ed.), Internationales Handbuch Medien 2004/2005 (p. 974–982). Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Viohl, F. (2013). Krieg der Wörter. Journalismus in Mexiko. http://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/journalismus-in-mexiko-krieg-der-woerter-1.1760295 [July 03, 2016].
Weiss, S. (2013). Pressefreiheit im freien Fall. http://www.tagesspiegel.de/medien/mexiko-pressefreiheit-im-freien-fall/7988750.html [July 03, 2016].
Zeit Online. (2016). Journalistin entführt und getötet. http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2016-02/mexiko-veracruz-journalistin-entfuehrung [July 03, 2016].
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ): Mexico (https://cpj.org/americas/mexico/)
Freedom House: Freedom of the Press 2016 (https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/mexico)
Reporters Without Borders: Mexico (https://rsf.org/en/mexico)
Wikipedia: Mexico (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiko)
Recommended citation form
Katharina Dorn: Mexiko. In: Michael Meyen (ed.), Mapping Media Freedom. LMU Munich: Department of Communication Studies and Media Research 2017. http://mappingmediafreedom.de/mexico (access date).
When reporting on crime in Mexico, journalists face extremely dangerous situations. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOEbKHH8QU4


text:
" /> Polisse (Maïwenn, 2011) Read More »
Polisse (Maïwenn, 2011)
All Events, Humanities, MLLI / By Bryan Barnes
MLLI Film Festival
Wednesday, April 8 | 7 p.m.
Polisse (2011)
Administration Building Room 101
Based on real cases from the Paris Child Protection Unit, Polisse examines the brutal tasks of ten CPU officers, bringing together an ensemble cast composed of some of the finest actors working in France today, including Marina Foïs, Karin Viard, and Jérémie Elkaïm. Much like superlative TV procedurals such as The Wire, Polisse—the title is a child's misspelling of police—has the immediacy of news ripped from the headlines. Director Maïwenn (who also co-wrote the script and costars as Melissa, a photographer embedded within the CPU) immerses viewers into the unimaginable work this tireless corps of civil servants have devoted themselves to: investigating sexual and physical abuse against children, stopping kids from harming themselves or other youngsters. Their assignments are unremittingly horrific, and Polisse smartly explores the toll this grueling labor takes on the officers, both on the job and at home. Marriages and other personal relationships unravel, once-close colleagues become bitter enemies, and supervisors interfere with endless bureaucracy and red tape. But no matter the difficulties in their private and professional lives, these CPU cops remain constantly dedicated to rescuing society's most vulnerable members from unspeakable harm.


Hudson VH-AGS showing the two Aerodist configurations. The original configuration (top) featured one antenna topside and two on the belly. The final configuration (bottom) featured one antenna on the belly and one under each wing tip.


text:
MP3 Audio Sample
Short Synopsis
Andrew Zimmerman presents his must-listen debut novel.
Paul is a top business executive hoping to be the next CEO of Ascendant—a New York-based tech giant. He neglects everything—his family and himself—in the race to the top. His fast-paced life is interrupted when he travels to Glastonbury, England, to visit friends in a village rich in history and mysticism.
Glastonbury represents a complete counterpoint to Paul's elite corporate day job. It compares to an amusement park, with shops and venues catering to spiritual seekers ranging from would-be witches, goddesses and druids, and burned-out hippies. Like many seekers before him, he is attracted to the energy of a nearby hill—Tor—said to be the mythical Isle of Avalon. Paul meets a beautiful soul reader, Christine, who reads his soul and plants the seeds that turn his life upside down.
When he returns to New York, his wife, Mary, is skeptical. Is Paul having a spiritual awakening or is he falling in love with an attractive charlatan? His journey both scares and intrigues her as she watches him struggle to navigate between the business and spiritual worlds. A series of synchronistic events draws Paul closer to Glastonbury and Christine, compelling him and a reluctant Mary to return, unaware that their lives will never be the same.
Author Andrew Zimmerman
Narrated by Charlie Thurston
Publication date Mar 3, 2020
Running time 9 hrs
BUY FROM AUDIOBOOKS.COM BUY FROM AUDIBLE


text:
Home NEWS Egypt's Female Lion Tamers Show the Men How to Do It
Egypt's Female Lion Tamers Show the Men How to Do It
For Ms. el-Helw, though, lions are a family business. Her grandmother Mahassen was the Arab world's first female lion tamer, and her father, Ibrahim, was a star of Egypt's state-run National Circus during its heyday in the 1980s.
Her father, who married three times, had seven daughters but, try as he might, no sons. So he passed his skills, and his passion, to his daughters.
Two followed him into the ring: Ms. el-Helw, 38, who succeeded her father as a lion tamer at the National Circus, and her sister Ousa, 35, who performs at a private circus. Their aunt, Faten, and two of their cousins are also in the business, as is a sixth woman not part of the family.
"Wild animal tamer" reads the professional description on Ms el-Helw's passport.
The once-proud National Circus, founded in 1966, has fallen on hard times. Based at a shabby tent by the Nile in Cairo, it sells tickets for $1.80 to $3.50, and draws mostly school groups and working-class families.
Its act — clowns, jugglers, snake charmers — has a tired feel, and performers complain about a lack of investment. Wealthier Egyptians prefer more innovative, expensive shows like Cirque du Soleil.
Like much else, Egypt's circuses have closed as part of efforts to stem the spread of the coronavirus. Last summer, though, a giant image of Ms. el-Helw adorned the entrance to a traveling edition of the National Circus, which had come to Gamasa, a working-class resort on Egypt's north coast where women lounge on the beach in all-covering cloaks.
Previous articleU.S. ventilator makers pull out all stops to fight coronavirus
Next articleColleges extend decision deadline amid coronavirus, students reconsider
Pose Stars Share Their Favorite Reads – Today's News: Our Take
Paying respects to the unrealized potential of the Warriors-Thunder rivalry
The Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church dies after presiding over...
Vape ban: Trump administration bans most e-cigarette cartridge flavors, but not...
Gregg Popovich misses San Antonio Spurs game to attend Tim Duncan's...
How Exercise Can Keep Aging Muscles and Immune Systems 'Young'
Governor on plot: Hate groups heard Trump's words as rallying cry
Stephen Curry fulfills promise, sends Under Armour Curry 6 shoes to...
Cuba Will Reach 'Full Immunization' By Dec. 31, Leader Tells U.N.
Immigration, Hong Kong, California Highway Patrol: Your Tuesday Briefing


text:
Schulz confident 2016 settlement possible
By Jean Christou January 14, 2016 January 15, 2016 7 113
EP President Martin Schulz
European Parliament President Martin Schulz said on Thursday he was confident that a Cyprus settlement was possible in 2016.
Speaking at a press conference in Brussels, and according to a convenience translation of his remarks provided by the Cyprus News Agency, Schulz said: "One of the major opportunities we have this year is Cyprus. I think it is possible to achieve the reunification of Cyprus. Negotiations between the two communities on the island are looking very promising at the moment and we must do everything within the power of the EU institutions to ensure that we play our part in a constructive outcome."
He added: "If we bring about reconciliation between the two communities then that would represent a huge step forward and it might be seen as a symbol of encouragement that if you show goodwill and patience you can overcome breaches, divides and that could be a source of inspiration for overcoming conflicts elsewhere. So it is not my only source of hope but it is indeed a source of hope."
Cypruscyprus problemEuropean Parliamentmartin schulzsolution
Greek couple found guilty of drug smuggling
US sends 10 Yemeni Guantanamo detainees to Oman
Jean Christou


text:
Algoma – miasto w hrabstwie Kewaunee, stanie Wisconsin, USA. Według spisu z 2010 r. 3 167 mieszkańców, Należy do aglomeracji miejskiej miasta Green Bay. Położone jest nad jeziorem Michigan, u ujścia rzeki Ahnapee River.

Historia
Pierwsze zabudowania na terenie dzisiejszego miasta zostały założone w 1834 przez osadnika o nazwisku Joseph McCormick z Manitowoc. w 1851 roku osadnicy z Irlandii i Anglii zmienili nazwę osady na Wolf River, a w 1859 roku imigranci z Niemiec, Czech, Belgii i Skandynawii zmienili nazwę na Ahnapee.

23 lutego 1879 Ahnapee  zostało zarejestrowane jako miasto, a jego nazwę zmieniono na Algoma

W 1892 roku do miasta przybyła kolej, co przyczyniło się do rozwoju miejscowości.

Demografia
W 2010 roku w mieście Algoma mieszkało 3 167 mieszkańców tworzących 1 406 gospodarstwa domowe.

Przypisy

Miasta w stanie Wisconsin


The Southeast is home to some of the country's most established and famous golf courses. And now, the legacy continues at Amelia National. Tom Fazio is recognized for his dramatically beautiful and extremely playable designs. He has the unique ability to transform even the most challenging natural settings into award-winning courses.
Tom Fazio has composed a true masterpiece here that promises to challenge players of every level. Designed to provide a memorable playing experience time after time, the course was painstakingly sculpted to create interesting contours. Florida's famous fine-textured Bermuda grass is meticulously manicured to maintain close, fast greens. And an abundance of water tests players' ability while providing a beautiful, natural setting.


text:
Tag Archives: Kallie George
Throwback Thursday: Anne's Kindred Spirits in Charlottetown
Posted in author, books, Canada, event, illustrator, Summer 2019, Tundra Books	by Tundra Books
A couple of weeks ago, Kallie George and Abigail Halpin had a successful event at Confederation Centre Public Library in support of their latest book, Anne's Kindred Spirits. Thanks so much to our friends at The Bookmark for hosting it and to Michele Lawlor for the photos! Check out our slideshow for some of the event's highlights!
Anne's Kindred Spirits
Illustrated by Abigail Halpin
Anne is nervous and excited to meet Diana, a neighbor girl who she just knows will be a kindred spirit. She's even more excited when she learns that she's invited to her very first picnic! Until Marilla's precious brooch goes missing and it looks like it's Anne's fault. That is, Marilla is upset and Anne's picnic adventure is now in jeopardy. Ultimately, the misunderstanding with the brooch is resolved and Anne is able to go to the picnic. Anne and Diana's friendship blossoms and Anne's bond with Matthew and Marilla grows stronger.
Lovingly adapted by Kallie George with beautiful nostalgic illustrations by Abigail Halpin, this series is perfect for fans of Anne, new and old.
Abigail Halpin, Anne Arrives, Anne's Kindred Spirits, Charlottetown, Kallie George, PEI, Prince Edward Island, TD Book Week	1 Comment
You're Invited to Kallie George and Tanya Lloyd Kyi's Launch!
Posted in author, Book Launch, books, British Columbia, Canada, event, Puffin Books Canada, Puffin Canada, Spring 2019, Vancouver	by Tundra Books
You're invited to the launch of two spectacular middle grade novels! Join Tanya Lloyd Kyi and Kallie George as they launch their latest books, Mya's Strategy to Save the World and Wings of Olympus!
When: Thursday, April 25, 2019
Time: 7:00pm to 9:00pm
Where: Vancouver Kidsbooks
Address: 2557 W Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6K 2E9
Admission is free, light refreshments will be served.
RSVP: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/kallie-george-and-tanya-lloyd-kyi-at-kidsbooks-tickets-56196589512
event, Kallie George, launch, Mya's Strategy to Save the World, Puffin Canada, Tanya Lloyd Kyi, Vancouver Kidsbooks	Leave a comment
Quill & Quire's Books of the Year 2018
Posted in author, books, Canada, Fall 2018, honours, illustrator, Puffin Books Canada, Puffin Canada, Spring 2018, Tundra Books	by Tundra Books
Quill & Quire has shared their Books of the Year 2018: Kids' Books of the Year. We're so happy to see Bloom, Megabat, No Fixed Address, Sweep, and Very Rich included. In addition, thank you to the Vancouver Kidsbooks for choosing Anne Arrives and Goodnight, Anne in the Kidlit Aficionados section! Congratulations to our authors and illustrators!
Bloom:
A Story of Fashion Designer Elsa Schiaparelli
Hardcover | 40 Pages | Ages 5-9
ISBN 9781101918562 | Tundra Books
"'I plant flower seeds in my ears, mouth and nose,' says Elsa Schiaparelli in this charming picture book. 'I sit and wait. Wait to bloom.' Pink flower petals, frocks, and a feverish imagination are at the heart of Kyo Maclear and Julie Morstad's kidlit biography of the radical Italian fashion designer known as Schiap. Portraying artistic life in early 20th-century Europe, Bloom celebrates resilience and self expression with the elegant prose and delicate illustrations readers expect from a Maclear and Morstad collaboration." – Quill & Quire
By Anna Humphrey
Illustrated by Kass Reich
Hardcover | 192 Pages | Ages 7-10
"In the first installment of what is likely to be a very popular early–middle grade series, Megabat slurps up juice boxes, watches Star Wars movies, and subsequently uses his juice box straw as a light saber. This talking fruit bat charms everyone he meets: a young boy named Daniel, a pigeon love interest, and discerning young readers." – Quill & Quire
No Fixed Address
By Susin Nielsen
Hardcover | 288 Pages | Ages 10+
"No Fixed Address is a charming wonder of a book, a breezy read that's far more significant – and skilled – than it might appear from the surface. Nielsen demonstrates a powerful command in developing her young characters, lifting even secondary players (like high-achiever Winnie) well away from any hint of cliché. Felix balances on the thin edge between childhood and adolescence with an open-hearted sense of right and wrong, struggling not only against circumstances well beyond his control but well above what should be his responsibility." – Starred Review, Quill & Quire
Sweep:
ISBN 9780735264359 | Puffin Canada
"The theme of anti-Semitism is part of what lifts Sweep beyond a merely charming mash-up of Dickens and Brad Bird's film The Iron Giant. Auxier is constantly showing readers the brute economic and cultural forces that shape Nan's adventures with Charlie…. Sweep's ambition and sophistication are impressive, and Auxier's storytelling is never less than readable." – Quill & Quire
Very Rich
By Polly Horvath
Hardcover | 304 Pages | Ages 10-14
"Horvath is having a ball with this story. It's fast-paced and filled with witty asides, creative scenarios, and a ridiculously entertaining cast. She pulls from Dickens, but Rupert's parents have qualities akin to Roald Dahl's despicable adult characters, and Uncle Henry's time machine is a whirring cardboard box reminiscent of Dorothy's flying house and the hot-air balloon in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Plus, there is a gravity-defying restaurant scene similar to the laughing-gas chapter in Mary Poppins. It wouldn't be surprising if, like Wizard of Oz and Mary Poppins, Very Rich became a kidlit favourite, complete with a magical Technicolor big-screen adaptation." – Starred Review, Quill & Quire
Anne Arrives
"We love Kallie George's Anne of Green Gables–inspired books, Anne Arrives (with illustrator Abigail Halpin) and Goodnight, Anne (with illustrator Geneviève Godbout). George's works (both published by Tundra Books) capture the inimitable 'Anne' spirit and will bring a whole new audience to L.M. Montgomery's novels." –Kidsbooks, Vancouver
Hardcover | 40 Pages | 3-7 Ages
"We love Kallie George's Anne of Green Gables–inspired books, Anne Arrives (with illustrator Abigail Halpin) and Goodnight, Anne (with illustrator Geneviève Godbout). George's works (both published by Tundra Books) capture the inimitable 'Anne' spirit and will bring a whole new audience to L.M. Montgomery's novels." – Kidsbooks, Vancouver
Abigail Halpin, Anna Humphrey, Anne Arrives, Bloom, Geneviève Godbout, Goodnight Anne, Jonathan Auxier, Julie Morstad, Kallie George, Kass Reich, Kyo Maclear, Megabat, No Fixed Address, Polly Horvath, Susin Nielsen, Sweep, Very Rich	Leave a comment
Instagram Stories to Read Bedtime Stories to Kids
Posted in author, books, event, illustrator, Tundra Books	by Tundra Books
Innovative new series uses Instagram to help parents engage kids in storytime by reading picture books on Instagram Stories.
Tundra Books, an imprint of Penguin Random House Canada, has teamed up with advertising agency Rethink Canada to develop and produce the reading series "StoriesTime" launching September 10th, 2018. The new initiative designed to encourage families to read together, shares celebrated children's books on Instagram through a series of bedtime Instagram Stories.
New stories featured on @tundrabooks Instagram each Monday and Thursday showcase beautifully illustrated children's books from a collection of best sellers and new favourites, including Almost a Full Moon, written by Juno Award-winning musician Hawksley Workman. The stories, shot against a cozy home-like setting, and charmingly read, are designed to create an enjoyable experience for the whole family.
"Bedtime reading is a wonderful way for parents to bond with their children, and we are excited to introduce our books to families in this new Instagram approach," said Vikki VanSickle Associate Director, Marketing & Publicity, Young Readers at Penguin Random House Canada, and also a children's book author herself.
The idea was inspired by a desire to promote an important childhood ritual, bedtime reading. "Every child should get that experience of bedtime stories. Using Instagram Stories we can use technology to give every kid that chance." said Mike Dubrick, Partner, Creative Director at Rethink Canada in Toronto. "We see this as a way to encourage greater participation in an essential part of childhood."
Tundra Books will host two different stories on their Instagram (@tundrabooks) each week over a four week period, the first having debuted September 10th. Each Story will remain active for a 24 hour period.
For more information or for high-resolution photographs please contact Vikki VanSickle at 416.928.2419 or vvansickle@penguinrandomhouse.com.
A Bedtime Yarn, Almost a Full Moon, Cale Atkinson, Cinderella and the 77 Dwarfs, Davide Cali, Elly MacKay, Geneviève Godbout, Goodnight Anne, Hawksley Workman, If I Had a Gryphon, Jensine Eckwall, Kallie George, Marianna Coppo, Misa Saburi, Nicola Winstanley, Olivia Chin Mueller, Petra, Raphaëlle Barbanègre, Red Sky at Night, Robert Paul Weston, Sakura's Cherry Blossoms, Vikki VanSickle	Leave a comment
#YearOfAnne
Posted in author, books, Canada, Fall 2018, illustrator, Spring 2018, Summer 2018, Tundra Books	by Tundra Books
On the day of L. M. Montgomery's passing, we're reflecting on her enduring legacy all these years later. We're honoring her work with a new publishing program and will be sharing these books with throughout the year.
Anne's Colors
By Kelly Hill
For ages 0-3 | Up to Preschool
Board book | 22 pages
Available May 1, 2018
Iconic moments from the beloved L.M. Montgomery classic are celebrated in this adorable concept book. Artist Kelly Hill creates vignettes of the most recognizable scenes from Anne of Green Gables, including Anne and Diana's first meeting, Gilbert pulling Anne's hair, Anne's puffed-sleeve dress and even Anne and Diana sharing raspberry cordial! Each scene has its own color, with simple text and tactile, gorgeous works of art created from cut fabric and embroidery.
Anne's Numbers
Iconic moments from the beloved L.M. Montgomery classic are celebrated in this adorable concept book. Walk along with Anne as she goes on a nature walk, counting trees, flowers, clouds and friends! The path Anne takes is based on the description of Anne's walk to school in Anne of Green Gables. Each scene has multiple counting opportunities, with simple text and tactile, gorgeous works of art created from cut fabric and embroidery.
Illustrated by Genevieve Godbout
For ages 3-7 | Preschool-Grade 2
Under the watchful eye of her adoptive mother Marilla, Anne has come to cherish life at Green Gables – the dearest, loveliest spot in the world, and her true home. Every night before she goes to bed, she thinks of all the people and places she loves: her family, her bosom friend Diana, her splendid teacher Miss Stacy, beloved tree Snow Queen, the Lake of Shining Waters and the brilliant sky above. Anne even wishes goodnight – or good riddance! – to pesky classmate Gilbert and nosy neighbor Mrs. Lynde. And through it all, Anne's imagination takes flight on a whimsical journey through Avonlea.
For ages 6-8 | Grades 1-3
Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert need help on their farm, so they've adopted what they hope will be a sturdy, helpful boy. Instead, Matthew finds Anne awaiting him at the train station – imaginative, brash, redheaded Anne-with-an-e. With her place at the Cuthberts' at risk – particularly if nosy neighbor Mrs. Lynde has anything to say about it – Anne will have to learn patience, understanding and what it takes to make Green Gables her true home.
Jane of Lantern Hill
By L.M. Montgomery
Cover by Elly MacKay
For ages 10+ | Grades 5+
Paperback | 304 pages
Available January 9, 2018
For as long as she could remember, Jane Stuart and her mother lived with her grandmother in a dreary mansion in Toronto. Jane always believed her father was dead–until she accidently learned he was alive and well and living on Prince Edward Island. When Jane spends the summer at his cottage on Lantern Hill, doing all the wonderful things Grandmother deems unladylike, she dares to dream that there could be such a house back in Toronto . . . a house where she, Mother, and Father could live together without Grandmother directing their lives–a house that could be called home.
On a blustery November day the King children and Sara, the Story Girl, come up with a great idea that will help them endure the dreary winter season. They will publish a magazine of their thoughts and adventures. From "Personals" and "Fashion Notes" to an etiquette column and stories of the most interesting happenings in Carlisle, Our Magazine is simply the most entertaining and delightful publication anyone in town has ever read. But seasons pass, and nothing is forever – and soon it will be time for the Story Girl to leave her good friends on Prince Edward Island, friends with whom she has walked the golden road of youth.
The Story Girl
Sara Stanley is only fourteen, but she can weave tales that are impossible to resist. In the charming town of Carlisle, children and grown-ups alike flock from miles around to hear her spellbinding tales. And when Bev King and his younger brother Felix arrive for the summer, they, too, are captivated by the Story Girl. Whether she's leading them on exciting misadventures or narrating timeless stories – from the scary "Tale of the Family Ghost" to the fanciful "How Kissing Was Discovered" to the bittersweet "The Blue Chest of Rachel Ward" – the Story Girl has her audience hanging on every word.
Mistress Pat
When she was twenty, nearly everyone thought Patricia Gardiner ought to be having beaus – except, of course, Pat herself. For Pat, Silver Bush was both home and heaven. All she could ever ask of life was bound in the magic of the lovely old house on Prince Edward Island, "where good things never change." And now there was more than ever to do, what with planning for the Christmas family reunion, entertaining a countess, playing matchmaker, and preparing for the arrival of the new hired man. Yet as those she loved so dearly started to move away, Pat began to question the wisdom of her choice of Silver Bush over romance. Was it possible to be lonely at Silver Bush?
LUCY MAUD MONTGOMERY (1874-1942) was born in what is now New London, Prince Edward Island, and raised by her grandparents after the death of her mother when she was just two. She worked for a time as a teacher and a journalist, then wrote her first novel, Anne of Green Gables, in the evenings while caring for her grandmother. When the book appeared in 1908, it was an instant success; it would go on to sell millions of copies in dozens of languages the world over, making Anne one of literature's most beloved characters of all time.
Abigail Halpin, Anne's Colors, Anne's Numbers, Elly MacKay, Geneviève Godbout, Goodnight Anne, Jane of Lantern Hill, Kallie George, Kelly Hill, Mistress Pat, The Golden Road, The Story Girl	4 Comments


plants vs zombies multiplayer part 1 is virus-free!
We've analyzed the latest version of plants vs zombies multiplayer part 1 with 30 antivirus engines and found that it's virus-free.
this program went directly into my portable toolbox. numerous are the time where i've had to wipe a machine clean and hunt down replacement drivers for a new install. this thing makes the process much simpler.this is a must have tool for admins.
excellent, works like it should. check the win version too if you run that.
"server busy"typical hp. their support/download/ftp servers are constantly having issues. years now this has been happening.oh and i'm stupid? you mean the reliability of the ability to download the driver/software shouldn't be a factor?i disagree wholeheartedly. without the software available or the site is down, how can i gain functionality from it? it's an essential function of software or services to have reliable, stable availability.
comparing xfind to windows grep is like comparing a chevy corvair to a corvette! this is a much more advanced search tool. granted, you can get similar functionality using a command line grep in a unix shell, but if you want the convenience of a gui, windows grep is the way to go. it includes quick, regex and soundex searches, date & size filters, settings for unformatted, delimited and fixed-width text files (also binary files) and a search & replace option. the output window is configurable as well.i've used this tool for the past 3 years and have no complaints. however it appears that since there are no bugs to fix, the author has stopped development of this tool. this beta version was released two years ago!
plants vs zombies multiplayer part 1 doesn't have any addons yet. Would you recommend any to us?


So there I was in Newport, South Wales. I won't elaborate the reasons but I had to go there. I had no choice. I ended up having 4 hours to kill in the place and it had it's highs and lows. Here's one of the highs. I'm keen to photograph people but it's a delicate skill perhaps. With nothing to lose today and with a person who must liked being looked at I asked this chap if I could take a picture of him. I'm not desperately keen on tattoos but this one was pretty good and it's really the first time I've seen someone with tattoos all over their face. He seemed like a really pleasant chap too, smiley and quite happy for me to tell him to 'look over there please'. In fact I found the people in Newport to be friendly all round in the short time I was there.
Then it was off to the Art Gallery and what a treat that was too.They have a collection of teapots, and this one in particular caught my eye. This is 'old Bill' a cartoon character invented by a First World War artist called Bruce Bairnsfather. I've not seen it before in the form of a pot, but it really is a good one. Bairnsfather gained fame and plaudits for his work depicting the typical good humoured 'tommy' in that dreadful conflict. Looking at the two images when I got back from Newport I was struck by a small similarity, though I expect that neither would agree.