text:
Q: Why does std::span overload the function call operator for indexing? Edit: this overload has been removed from the standard now, it seems.
From cppreference:

constexpr reference operator[](index_type idx) const;
constexpr reference operator()(index_type idx) const;

Returns a reference to the idx-th element of the sequence. The
  behavior is undefined if idx is out of range (i.e., if it is less
  than zero or greater than or equal to size()).

It makes sense to overload operator[] for indexing, as a span represents an object that can refer to a contiguous sequence of objects, but why is operator(), the function call operator, also overloaded for the same purpose? I don't believe there's anything similar to this in the standard library.

A: It is there because mdspan, a not-yet-accepted multi-dimensional span type, uses operator() for indexing. After all, operator[] only takes one index, while mdspan needs multiple indexing.
So for the sake of allowing these two types to have as similar an interface as possible, span also allows operator().
Note that using operator() is a common convention in C++ for multi-dimensional indexing. Eigen and Boost both use it, as do many others.

A: From the relevant proposal:

span also overloads
  operator()
   for element access, to provide compatibility with code written to
  operate against
  view.

The view has been renamed to mdspan by now, which is not standardized yet.
As correctly noted in Nicol Bolas' answer, mdspan will use operator() to accept multiple indices.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{introduction}
For a projective variety $X$, the connection between positivity of $-K_X$ and the behavior of rational curves on $X$ is well understood. Uniruledness and rational connectedness are possibly the two birational properties of smooth varieties that have been the most intensively studied. A result of Miyaoka-Mori \cite{MM86} shows that a smooth projective variety $X$ is uniruled if and only if there exists a $K_X$-negative curve through every general point of $X$. Later Boucksom-Demailly-P\u{a}un-Peternell \cite{BDPP13} proved that if the canonical divisor of a projective manifold $X$ is not pseudo-effective, then $X$ is uniruled. The rational connectedness of smooth Fano varieties was established by Campana \cite{Campana92} and Koll\'{a}r-Miyaoka-Mori \cite{KMM92}, and it was later generalized to the log Fano cases by Zhang \cite{Zhang06} and Hacon-M\textsuperscript{c}Kernan \cite{HM07}.

A natural question is how the behavior or rational curves on a variety $X$ influences the behavior of rational curves on a hypersurface $D$. An easy case is when $X=\mathbb{P}^n$, then a general hypersurface of degree $\le n$ is rationally connected. More generally if $(X,D)$ is a plt pair and $-(K_X+D)$ is ample, then by the adjunction formula we have $(K_X+D)|_D=K_D+{\rm Diff}_D(0)$, which is anti-ample and klt. So by \cite[Theorem 1]{Zhang06} $D$ is rationally connected, in particular uniruled. However if we assume that $-(K_X+D)$ is big and semiample instead of ample, then the following example shows that $D$ is not necessarily uniruled.
\begin{example}\label{ruledsurface}
Let $\pi: X=\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{E})\to C$ be a ruled surface where $C$ is an elliptic curve and $\mathcal{E}=\mathcal{O}_C\oplus\mathcal{L}$ such that $\mathcal{L}$ is a line bundle on $C$ and ${\rm deg}(\mathcal{L})<0$. Let $e=-{\rm deg}(\bigwedge^2\mathcal{E})$, then $e>0$ and $K_X\equiv_{\rm num} -2C_0-eF$ where $C_0$ is the unique section of $\pi$ with $\mathcal{O}_X(C_0)\cong \mathcal{O}_X(1)$ (see \cite[Ch. V, Example 2.11.3]{Hartshorne77}) and $F$ is a fiber. So we have
$$-(K_X+C_0)\equiv_{\rm num}C_0+eF=\epsilon C_0+(1-\epsilon)(C_0+\dfrac{e}{1-\epsilon}F)$$
where $\epsilon\in(0,1)$ is any rational number. Now $C_0+\dfrac{e}{1-\epsilon}F$ is ample by \cite[Ch. V, Proposition 2.20]{Hartshorne77} and $C_0$ is effective, so $-(K_X+C_0)$ is nef and big. Moreover by \cite[Theorem 1.7]{Gongyo12} we know that $-(K_X+C_0)$ is semiample. However $C_0$ is an elliptic curve, in particular not uniruled.
\end{example}
In this paper, first we give a criterion for uniruledness of $D$. Roughly speaking we show that if $X$ contains ``sufficiently many" rational curves, then as long as $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective the uniruledness of $D$ holds. More precisely we have
\begin{thmx}[Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension}]\label{1}
Let $(X,D)$ be a pair where $D=\sum_iE_i+\sum_ja_jF_j$ such that $E_i$ and $F_j$ are distinct prime divisors and $a_j\in (0,1)$. Suppose that ${\rm rd}(X)\ge 2$ and $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective, then $E_i$ is uniruled for any $i$.
\end{thmx}
Here ${\rm rd}(X)$ is the rational dimension of $X$, which is the dimension of the general fiber of the maximal rationally connected fibration of $X$ (see Definition \ref{rd}).

The author suspects that Theorem \ref{1} is already sharp. First note that we do not have any assumption on the singularities of the pair $(X, D)$ in Theorem \ref{1}. Next, Example \ref{ruledsurface} shows that the condition ${\rm rd}(X)\ge 2$ cannot be weakened even when $K_X+D$ is very negative (e.g. anti-big and anti-semiample). Finally, the following simple example indicates that the condition that $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective cannot be weakened either.
\begin{example}
Let $C\subset \mathbb{P}^2$ be an elliptic curve of degree $3$. Then we have $K_{\mathbb{P}^2}+C\sim_{\rm lin}0$. Let $f:X\to \mathbb{P}^2$ be the blow-up of $X$ at a point not in $C$. We have
$$K_X+f_*^{-1}C=f^*(K_{\mathbb{P}^2}+C)+E,$$
where $E$ is the exceptional divisor. Now $X$ is a rational surface, in particular ${\rm rd}(X)=2$. $K_X+f_*^{-1}C$ is pseudo-effective and yet not nef. In this case $f_*^{-1}C$ is not a rational curve, hence not uniruled.
\end{example}

The strategy to prove Theorem \ref{1} is to use the minimal model program in arbitrary dimension developed in \cite{BCHM10} as well as an induction on the dimension of $X$.

Note that \cite[Theorem 3.7]{LZ15} implies Theorem \ref{1} in the case where $(X,D)$ is dlt. This was pointed out by De-Qi Zhang after the completion of this paper.

Motivated by Theorem \ref{1} we also consider rational connectedness of hypersurfaces and obtain the following
\begin{thmx}[Theorem \ref{Dbig}, \ref{P3} and \ref{P4}]
Let $(X,D)$ be a pair where $D = E+ \sum_j a_jF_j$ such that $\lfloor D\rfloor = E$ and $F_j$ are discinct prime divisors and $a_i \in [0, 1)$. Assume that $(X,D)$ is plt. Suppose that we are in one of the following cases.
\begin{enumerate}
\item $X$ is rationally connected, $\lfloor D\rfloor $ is big and $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective.
\item $X$ is a rationally connected threefold, $D$ is a prime divisor and $-(K_X+D)$ is Cartier, nef and big.
\item $X$ is a toric variety and $-(K_X+D)$ is big and semiample.
\end{enumerate}
Then $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is rationally connected.
\end{thmx}
\subsection*{Acknowledgements}
The author offers his special thanks to Honglu Fan who suggests this topic along with many interesting ideas, and Christopher Hacon who provides lots of valuable advices. He would also like to thank Mircea Musta\cb{t}\u{a} for helpful discussions. Moreover he thanks De-Qi Zhang for pointing out the close relationship between Theorem \ref{1} and \cite[Theorem 3.7]{LZ15}. Finally he is grateful to the referees for many useful suggestions and comments.
\section{preliminaries}
In this paper we work over the field of the complex number $\mathbb{C}$. We will freely use the standard notations in \cite[especially 3.G]{HK10} (e.g. pair, discrepancy and klt, plt, dlt, lc singularities). Terms such as uniruled, rationally connected (RC) and rationally chain connected (RCC) will also be used and their definitions can be found in \cite{Kollar96}. The following definition can be found in \cite{Harris} by Harris.
\begin{definition}\label{rd}
Let $X$ be a proper smooth variety and $f:X\dasharrow Z$ the maximal rationally connected fibration (cf. \cite[Definition 5.3]{Kollar96}). We define the \emph{rational dimension} of $X$ to be ${\rm rd}(X):={\rm dim}(X)-{\rm dim(Z)}$. If $X$ is singular we define the rational dimension of $X$ to be ${\rm rd}(\tilde{X})$ for some resolution $\mu:\tilde{X}\to X$ of $X$.
\end{definition}
Next we present two theorems that are essential in the proof of Theorem \ref{1}. We have the following definition of minimal dlt model.
\begin{definition} \cite[Definitions and Notation 1.9]{KK10}
Let $(X,D)$ be a pair and $f^m : X^m\to X$ a proper birational morphism such that
$$K_{X^m}+(f^m)_*^{-1}D=(f^m)^*(K_X+D)+\sum_ia_iE_i.$$
Let $D^m:=(f^m)^{-1}D+\sum_{a_i\le -1}E_i$. Then $(X^m,D^m)$ is a \emph{minimal dlt model} of $(X,D)$ if it is a dlt pair and the discrepancy of every $f^m$-exceptional divisor is at most $-1$.
\end{definition}
\begin{theorem}[Dlt modification, by Hacon]\cite[Theorem 3.1]{KK10}\label{dltmod}
Let $(X,D)$ be a pair such that $X$ is quasi-projective, $D$ is a boundary, and $K_X+D$ is a $\mathbb{Q}$-Cartier divisor. Then $(X, D)$ admits a $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial minimal dlt model: $(X^m,D^m)\to(X,D)$. In particular if $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective then $K_{X^m}+D^m$ is also not pseudo-effective.
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark} \label{dltpreserve}
The reason for the second statement in Theorem \ref{dltmod} is the following. We have that $f^m$ only extracts divisors with discrepancy $\le -1$. So by definition of $D^m$ we can write
$$K_{X^m}+D^m=f^*(K_X+D)+\sum_jb_jE_j$$
where $b_j\le 0$. Therefore the second statement holds.
\end{remark}
The second theorem is the existence of Mori fiber space established by Birkar-Cascini-Hacon-McKernan. For convenience we give the definition of Mori fiber space here.
\begin{definition} \cite[Definition 3.10.7]{BCHM10} \label{DefMFS}
Let $(X, \Delta)$ be a log canonical pair and $f : X \to Z$ be a projective morphism of normal varieties. Then $f$ is a \emph{Mori fibre space} if
\begin{enumerate}
\item $X$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial and $\Delta$ is an $\mathbb{R}$-divisor,
\item $f$ is a contraction morphism, $\rho(X/Z) = 1$ and $\dim Z < \dim X$, and
\item $-(K_X + \Delta)$ is $f$-ample.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
\begin{theorem}[Existence of Mori fiber space]\cite[Corollary 1.3.3]{BCHM10}\label{ExistMFS}
Let $(X,\Delta)$ be a $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial klt pair. Let $\pi:X\to U$ be a projective morphism of normal quasi-projective varieties. Suppose that $K_X+\Delta$ is not $\pi$-pseudo-effective. Then we can run $(K_X+\Delta)$-minimal model program over $U$ which ends with a Mori fiber space over $U$.
\end{theorem}
Finally in this section we provide the following lemma which is known to experts.
\begin{lemma}\label{fiberklt}
Let $(X,D)$ be a klt pair. Suppose that we have a morphism $f:X\to Y$ such that ${\rm dim}(Y)<{\rm dim}(X)$ and $f_*\mathcal{O}_X=\mathcal{O}_Y$. Then for a general fiber $F$ of $f$, $(F,D|_F)$ is klt.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We take a log resolution for $(X,D)$ which we denote by $\mu:X'\to X$, and define $D'$ as
$$K_{X'}+D'=\mu^*(K_X+D).$$
We write $D'=\Gamma'-E'$ where $\Gamma'$ and $E'$ are effective $\mathbb{Q}$-divisors which do not have common components. Let $f'=f\circ \mu$ and $F'$ a general fiber of $f'$ which maps to a general fiber of $f$ through $\mu$, then we have the following diagram
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.6]
\node (A) at (0,0) {$X'$};
\node (B) at (1,0) {$X$};
\node (C) at (0,1) {$F'$};
\node (D) at (1,1) {$F$};
\path[->,font=\scriptsize]
(A) edge node[above]{$\mu$} (B)
(C) edge node[above]{$\nu$} (D);
\draw[->,font=\scriptsize]
(C) edge node[right]{} (A)
(D) edge node[right]{} (B);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
Since $\Gamma'|_{F'}$ is simple normal crossing we have that
$$(K_{X'}+\Gamma')|_{F'}=K_{F'}+\Gamma'|_{F'}$$
is klt. So
$$\nu^*(K_F+D|_F)=\mu^*(K_X+D)|_{F'}=(K_{X'}+D')|_{F'}=K_{F'}+\Gamma'-E'$$
is sub-klt. Therefore $K_F+D|_F$ is klt.
\end{proof}
\section{Uniruledness of hypersurfaces}
The main theorem of this section is as follows.
\begin{theorem}\label{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension}
Let $(X,D)$ be a pair where $D=\sum_iE_i+\sum_ja_jF_j$ such that $E_i$ and $F_j$ are distinct prime divisors and $a_j\in (0,1)$. Suppose that ${\rm rd}(X)\ge 2$ and $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective, then $E_i$ is uniruled for any $i$.
\end{theorem}
By Theorem \ref{dltmod} and Remark \ref{dltpreserve} we can assume that $(X,D)$ dlt and $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial by possibly doing a dlt modification. We first consider the case when ${\rm dim}(X)=2$. Note that in this case ${\rm rd}(X)\ge 2$ is equivalent to that $X$ is RC.
\begin{lemma}\label{RCCsurface}
Let $(X,D)$ be dlt pair where ${\rm dim}(X)=2$. Suppose that $X$ is RC and $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective, then every component of $D$ with coefficient $1$ is a rational curve (in particular uniruled).
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We run a $(K_X+D)$-minimal model program. Since $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective, by \cite[Theorem 1.1]{Fujino12} the minimal model program ends with a Mori fiber space which we denote by $g:X'\to Y$. Since $X'$ is an RC surface, $Y$ is either a point or a rational curve. If any component of $f_*^{-1}D$ is contracted during the minimal model program then by \cite[Theorem 2]{Kawamata91} that component must be a rational curve. We denote the strict transform of $f_*^{-1}D$ on $X'$ by $D'$ and denote by $D'_1,...,D'_m$ the irreducible components of $D'$ with coefficient $1$.

If $Y$ is a point then $K_{X'}+D'$ is anti-ample. By the adjunction formula (cf. \cite[Proposition 3.9.2]{Corti07} we have
$$(K_{X'}+D')|_{D'_i}=(K_{X'}+D'_i)|_{D'_i}+(D'-D'_i)|_{D'_i}=K_{D'_i}+{\rm Diff}_{D'_i}(D'-D'_i)$$
and ${\rm Diff}_{D'_i}(D'-D'_i)\ge 0$ by \cite[16.5]{Kollar92}. So $K_{D'_i}$ has negative degree, hence $D'_i$ is a rational curve. So for the rest of the proof we assume that $Y$ is a rational curve. For any $i$ if $D'$ does not dominate $Y$ then it is a component of a fiber of $g$, which is a rational curve by \cite[Lemma 3.7]{Debarre01}. If $D'_i$ dominates $Y$, then ${\rm deg}(g|_{D'_i})=>{\rm deg}(D'_i|_{F})>0$. Moreover we have
\begin{align*}
0> & {\rm deg}((K_{X'}+D')|_{F})>{\rm deg}((K_{X'}+D'_i)|_{F}) = {\rm deg}(K_{X'}|_{F})+{\rm deg}((D'_i)|_{F}) \\
= & {\rm deg}(K_{F})+{\rm deg}((D'_i)|_{F})=-2+{\rm deg}((D'_i)|_{F}),
\end{align*}
where the first inequality is by the fact that $-(K_{X'}+D')$ is $g$-ample, and the last equality is by the fact that $F\cong\mathbb{P}^1$. So we get that ${\rm deg}(g|_{D'_i})={\rm deg}((D'_i)|_{F})=1$, and since $Y$ is rational we know that $D'_i$ is rational. Hence every component of $D$ with coefficient $1$ is rational.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension}]
By the argument before Lemma \ref{RCCsurface} it suffices to prove the theorem under the hypothesis that $(X,D)$ is dlt. We prove the theorem by induction on the dimension of $X$. When ${\rm dim}(X)=2$ this is proven in Lemma \ref{RCCsurface}. Suppose that the statement holds in any dimension  $k\in [2,n-1]$. Then in dimension $n$ we first run a minimal model program with scaling for  $(K_X+D)$. Since $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective there is an effective ample $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $A$ such that
\begin{itemize}
\item No component of $A$ is contained in ${\rm Supp}(D)$.
\item $K_X+D+A$ is still dlt and not pseudo-effective.
\item There exists a $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $D_A$ such that $D+A\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}D_A$ and $(X,D_A)$ is klt.
\end{itemize}
We run a $(K_X+D_A)$-MMP and by Theorem \ref{ExistMFS} it ends with a Mori fiber space as follows:
\begin{align}\label{MMP}
X=X_0 \overset{\text{$f_0$}}\dashrightarrow X_1\overset{\text{$f_1$}}\dashrightarrow ...\overset{\text{$f_{N-1}$}}\dashrightarrow X_N=X'\xrightarrow{g}Y.
\end{align}
Denote the strict transform of $D$, $A$ and $E_i$ on $X_k$ by $D^k$, $A^k$ and $E_i^k$ respectively. If for a certain $i$ and $k$, $E_i^k$ is contracted by $f_k$, then by \cite[Theorem 2]{Kawamata91} we know that $E_i^k$ is uniruled. By assumption on $(X,D+A)$ and \cite[Lemma 3.38]{KM98} we know that for any $k$, $(X_k,D^k+A^k)$, hence $(X_k, D^k)$, is dlt. Moreover it is easy to see that ${\rm rd}(X_i)\ge 2$ for any $i$. So we can assume that there is a morphism $f:X\to Y$ which is a Mori fiber space. By condition (3) in Definition \ref{DefMFS}, Lemma \ref{fiberklt} and \cite[Theorem 1]{Zhang06} we have that a general fiber of $f$ is RC (note that in this step we can actually work with $(X,
D_A)$ in this step, which is klt instead of dlt). Now we consider the following three cases respectively. \\

\noindent\emph{Case 1.} If ${\rm dim}(Y)=0$ then $-(K_X+D)$ is ample. So for any $E_i$ by the adjunction formula we have
$$(K_X+D)|_{E_i}=K_{E_i}+{\rm Diff}_{E_i}(D-E_i).$$
Hence $K_{E_i}+{\rm Diff}_{E_i}(D-E_i)$ is anti-ample and dlt, in particular $-K_{E_i}$ is big. Now if we do a $K_{E_i}$-minimal model program it would end with a Mori fiber space, in particular $E_i$ is uniruled.\\

\noindent\emph{Case 2.} If $1\le{\rm dim}(Y)\le n-2$, then for any $i$ we can assume that $E_i$ dominates $Y$. Indeed if this is not the case then for dimensional reasons $E_i$ is covered by fibers of $f$, and by the fact that the general fibers of $f$ are RC and \cite[Lemma 3.7]{Debarre01} we know that every fiber of $f$ is covered by rational curves. So we are done. Now for a general fiber $F$ of $f$ we have that $F$ is RC and $2\le{\rm dim}(F)\le n-1$. Suppose that $E_i|_F=\sum_lE_{F,i}^l$ where $E_{F,i}^l$ are the irreducible components of $E_i|_F$. By the adjunction formula we know that
$$(K_X+D)|_F=K_F+D|_F=K_F+E_{F,i}^l+(D|_F-E_{F,i}^l)$$
is anti-ample, so $-(K_F+E_{F,i}^l)$ is big for any $i$. After possibly doing a dlt modification for $(F,E_{F,i}^l)$ we can also assume that $(F,E_{F,i}^l)$ is dlt. By induction hypothesis we know that $E_{F,i}^l$ is uniruled for any $i$. Therefore $E_i$ is uniruled.\\

\noindent\emph{Case 3.} If ${\rm dim}(Y)=n-1$, then for the same reason as in \emph{Case 2} we can assume that $E_i$ dominates $Y$ for any $i$. After shrinking $X$ to its nonsingular locus, by generic smoothness the general fibers of $f$ are isomorphic to $\mathbb{P}^1$. Since ${\rm rd}(X)\ge 2$ we know that $Y$ is uniruled. So we only need to show that $f|_{E_i}$ has degree $1$. If ${\rm deg}(f|_{E_i})\ge 2$ then for a general fiber $F$ of $f$ we have
$${\rm deg}((K_X+D)|_F)\ge{\rm deg}(K_F+E_i|_F)={\rm deg}(K_F)+{\rm deg}(E_i|_F)\ge -2+2=0,$$
in particular $-(K_X+D)$ cannot be $f$-ample. This is a contradiction, so we are done.
\end{proof}
\section{Rational connectedness of hypersurfaces}
Of course we can also ask whether certain positivity of $-(K_X+D)$ implies rational connectedness of components of $D$. This seems more complicated than uniruledness. We first point out that we cannot get RC-ness of components of $D$ by simply letting $X$ be RC in Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension}, even for log-smooth pairs in dimension $3$.
\begin{example}\label{P1bundleoverP2}
Let $g:X=\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{E})\to\mathbb{P}^2$ be the $\mathbb{P}^1$-bundle over $\mathbb{P}^2$ where $\mathcal{E}=\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}\oplus\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}(d)$ and $d\le -1$. Then $\omega_{X/\mathbb{P}^2}=g^*(\bigwedge^2\mathcal{E})\otimes\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{E})}(-2)$. Hence $K_X\sim_{\rm lin}(d-3)g^*H-2h$ where $H$ is a hyperplane in $\mathbb{P}^2$ and $h$ is the divisor class in $\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{E})$ induced by $\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{E})}(1)$. We take a general hypersurface $S\sim_{\rm lin}3H$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$ which is an elliptic curve. Let $D:=g^{-1}(S)$, then
$$-K_X-D\sim_{\rm lin}-dg^*H+2h$$
which is big but obviously $g^{-1}(S)$ is not RC as $S$ is not rational.
\end{example}
However if we assume bigness of $\lfloor D\rfloor$ then we have the following result.
\begin{theorem}\label{Dbig}
Let $(X,D)$ be a plt pair. Suppose that $X$ is RC, $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is big and $K_X+D$ is not pseudo-effective. Then $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is RC.
\end{theorem}
\begin{lemma}\label{notcontractedtocurve}
Let $(X,D)$ be a $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial pair where $D$ is a big prime divisor. Let $\pi:X\to X'$ be a divisorial contraction such that $\rho(X/X')=1$. Then ${\rm dim}(\pi(D))={\rm dim}(D)$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Suppose that $D$ is contracted to a lower-dimensional variety. If $D$ is $\pi$-nef then by the negativity lemma (cf. \cite[Lemma 3.39]{KM98}) we have $D=0$, which is a contradiction. If $D$ is not $\pi$-nef then there is a curve $\tilde{C}$, contracted by $\pi$, such that $\tilde{C}\cdot D<0$. We also observe that by bigness of $D$, $C'\cdot D\ge 0$ for a general curve $C'$ contracted by $\pi$. On the other hand whenever we choose a very ample divisor $H$ on $X$ we have that $C\cdot H>0$ for any curve $C$ in $X$. This is a contradiction to the assumption $\rho(X/X')=1$. So we are done.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{Dbig}]
We let $S:=\lfloor D\rfloor$ and $B:=\{D\}$. We do the same minimal model program as in the proof of Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension} as follows
\begin{align}\label{MMP2}
X=X_0 \overset{\text{$f_0$}}\dashrightarrow X_1\overset{\text{$f_1$}}\dashrightarrow ...\overset{\text{$f_{N-1}$}}\dashrightarrow X_N=X'\xrightarrow{g}Y,
\end{align}
and denote the strict transform of $D$, $S$ and $B$ on $X_i$ by $D_i$, $S_i$ and $B_i$ respectively. Certainly $S_i$ is big, hence it cannot be contracted. Moreover by the adjunction formula we have
$$(K_{X_i}+D_i)|_{S_i}=K_{S_i}+{\rm Diff}_{S_i}(B_i),$$
so $(S_i,{\rm Diff}_{S_i}(B_i))$ is klt for any $i$. Therefore it could be assumed the existence of a morphism $f: X\to Y$ which is a Mori fibre space. Now since $X$ is RC then so is $Y$, and since $S$ is big it must dominate $Y$. Next we consider the following three cases. \\

\noindent\emph{Case 1.} If ${\rm dim}(Y)=0$ then $-(K_X+D)$ is ample, so by the adjunction formula we have that $-(K_S+{\rm Diff}_{S}(B))$ is ample and $(S,{\rm Diff}_{S}(B))$ is klt. Then by \cite[Theorem 1]{Zhang06} $S$ is RC. \\

\noindent\emph{Case 2.} If $1\le {\rm dim}(Y)\le n-2$ we denote a general fiber of $f$ by $F$. Then $(K_X+D)|_F=K_F+D_F$ is anti-ample. By Koll\'{a}r-Shokurov connectedness lemma (cf. \cite[Theorem 2.3.1]{Prokhorov99}) we see that $S|_F$ is connected. Now we do a Stein factorization of $f|_S$ and denote it as
$$S\xrightarrow{g}Z\xrightarrow{h}Y.$$
Since $S|_F$ is connected we know that $h$ is birational. So $Z$ is RC as RC-ness is a birational invariant (cf. \cite[Chapter IV, Proposition 3.3]{Kollar96}).

On the other hand since $-(K_X+D)$ is $f$-ample, $K_{S}+{\rm Diff}_{S}(B)$ is $f|_S$-ample, hence $g$-ample. So if we denote the fiber of $f|_S$ over a general point $z$ of $Z$ by $S_z$, by Lemma \ref{fiberklt} we know that $K_{S_z}+{\rm Diff}_{S}(B)|_{S_z}$ is klt and anti-ample. Hence $S_z$ is RC.

Finally by \cite[Corollary 1.3]{GHS03} we know that $S$ is RC.\\

\noindent\emph{Case 3.} If ${\rm dim}(Y)=n-1$ then by the same argument as in the proof of Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension} we have that ${\rm deg}(f|_S)=1$. Moreover since $X$ is RC we know $Y$ is RC, hence $S$ is RC.
\end{proof}
Going back to Example \ref{ruledsurface}, we see that $-(K_X+D)$ being big and semiample does not imply RC-ness of components of $D$. Nevertheless we can ask what happens if we assume RC-ness of $X$ in addition. Clearly we cannot expect that every component of $D$ with coefficient $1$ is RC. For example if we take $D=g^{-1}(S)+h$ in Example \ref{P1bundleoverP2}, then $-K_X-D=-dg^*H+h$ which is big and semiample but $g^{-1}(S)$ is still not RC. However on the other hand if $(X,D)$ is dlt then by Koll\'{a}r-Shokurov connectedness lemma the union of all the components of $D$ with coefficient $1$ is connected. So we can still ask whether such locus is rationally chain connected.
\begin{question}\label{RCbigsemiample}
Let $(X,D)$ be a dlt pair where $D=\sum_iE_i+\sum_ja_jF_j$ such that $E_i$ and $F_j$ are prime divisors and $a_j\in(0,1)$. Suppose that $X$ is RC and $-(K_X+D)$ is big and semiample, then is $\bigcup_iE_i$ RCC?
\end{question}
Unfortunately we do no have an answer to \emph{Question} \ref{RCbigsemiample} in general so far. Nevertheless we are able to show that the answer is positive for certain cases of threefolds and toric varieties.
\begin{theorem}\label{P3}
Let $(X,D)$ be 3-dimensional plt pair where $D$ a prime divisor on $X$.  Suppose that $X$ is RC and $-(K_X+D)$ is Cartier, nef and big. Then $D$ is RC.
\end{theorem}
\begin{lemma} \label{ruledtorational}
Let $S$ be a normal surface with rational singularities. If $S$ is birational to a ruled surface and $H^1(S,\mathcal{O}_S)=0$ then $S$ is a rational surface.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We do a resolution $f:S'\to S$ for $S$. Since $S$ is birational to a ruled surface, so is $S'$. In particular $H^0(S',\mathcal{O}_{S'}(2K_{S'}))=0$. On the other hand we have
\begin{align*}
h^1(S',\mathcal{O}_{S'})=h^1(S',f^*\mathcal{O}_{S})=h^1(S,f_*f^*\mathcal{O}_{S})=h^1(S,\mathcal{O}_S)=0,
\end{align*}
where the second equality is by the assumption that $S$ has rational singularities. So by a theorem of Castelnuovo (cf. \cite[Theorem V.1]{Beauville96}) we know that $S$ is a rational surface.
\end{proof}
\begin{lemma}\label{irregularity0}
Let $(X,D)$ be a plt pair where $X$ has dimension $n\ge 2$ and $D$ prime divisor on $X$. Suppose that $X$ is RC and $-(K_X+D)$ is Cartier, nef and big. Then $H^1(D,\mathcal{O}_D)=0$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We have the following short exact sequence
$$0\to\mathcal{O}_X(K_X)\to\mathcal{O}_X(K_X+D)\to\mathcal{O}_D(K_D)\to 0$$
which yields the following long exact sequence
$$...\to H^{n-2}(X,\mathcal{O}_X(K_X+D))\to H^{n-2}(D,\mathcal{O}_D(K_D))\to H^{n-1}(X,\mathcal{O}_X(K_X))\to...$$
Since $X$ is klt and RC we know $H^{n-1}(X,\mathcal{O}_X(K_X))=H^1(X,\mathcal{O}_X)=0$. By Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing we also have
$$H^{n-2}(X,\mathcal{O}_X(K_X+D))=H^2(X,\mathcal{O}_X(-D))=H^2(X,\mathcal{O}_X(K_X+(-K_X-D)))=0$$
as $-K_X-D$ is nef and big by assumption. So we get
$$H^{n-2}(D,\mathcal{O}_D(K_D))=H^1(D,\mathcal{O}_D)=0.$$
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{P3}]
By Lemma \ref{irregularity0} we have $H^1(D,\mathcal{O}_D)=0$. On the other hand by Theorem \ref{hypersurfaceuniruledanydimension} we know that $D$ is birational to a ruled surface. So by Lemma \ref{ruledtorational} we are done.
\end{proof}
Before showing the result for toric varieties we present the following proposition, which we hope to be of independent interest.
\begin{proposition}\label{RCChypersurface}\label{P2}
Suppose that we have a pair $(X,D)$ where $D=\sum_iE_i+\sum_ja_jF_j$ such that $E_i$ and $F_j$ are prime divisors and $a_j\in(0,1)$. Suppose that $(X,D)$ is dlt, $-(K_X+D)$ is big and semiample, and there is no lc center (or equivalently, non-klt center) of $(X,D)$ that is contained in $\mathbf{B}_+(-(K_X+D))$. Then $E_i$ is RC for any $i$.
\end{proposition}
To prove this we need the following lemma which is a slight modification of \cite[Theorem 1]{Zhang06}.
\begin{lemma}\label{dltRC}
Let $(X,D)$ be a dlt pair and suppose that $-(K_X+D)$ is ample. Then $X$ is RC.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
By \cite[Proposition 2.43]{KM98} we can perturb $D$ such that $(X,D)$ is klt and $-(K_X+D)$ still stays ample. So by \cite[Theorem 1]{Zhang06} we are done.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{RCChypersurface}]
By assumption there exists an effective $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $H$ such that $H\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}-(K_X+D)$ and $H\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}A+G$, where $A$ is ample and $G$ is effective. We have
$$0\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}K_X+D+H\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}K_X+D+(1-\epsilon)H+\epsilon(A+G).$$
Moreover we can arrange $\epsilon$, $H$ and $G$ such that
\begin{itemize}
\item $E_j\not\subseteq {\rm Supp}(G)$ for any $j$.
\item $(X, D+(1-\epsilon)H+\epsilon G)$ is dlt and the only components of $D+(1-\epsilon)H+\epsilon G$ with coefficient 1 are the $E_j$.
\end{itemize}
Now by adjunction there exists an effective $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $D_{E_i}$ such that
$$(K_X+D+(1-\epsilon)H+\epsilon G)|_{E_i}\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}K_{E_i}+D_{E_i}$$
and $(K_{E_i},D_{E_i})$ is dlt. By construction we have $K_X+D+(1-\epsilon)H+\epsilon G\sim_{\rm lin}-\epsilon A$ is anti-ample, so $K_{E_i}+D_{E_i}$ is anti-ample as well. Then by Lemma \ref{dltRC}, $E_i$ is RC.
\end{proof}
\begin{theorem}\label{P4}
Let $(X,D)$ be a plt pair where $X$ is a toric variety. Suppose that $-(K_X+D)$ is big and semiample. Then $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is RC.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
If $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is toric invariant then we are done. If not then by \cite[Lemma 15.1.8]{CLS11} we know that $\lfloor D\rfloor$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-linearly equivalent to a linear combination of Cartier toric invariant divisors with nonnegative coefficients, in particular $\lfloor D\rfloor\not\subseteq\mathbf{B}_+(-(K_X+D))$. So by Proposition \ref{P2} we are done.
\end{proof}
\bibliographystyle{alpha}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


you will be chasing grayling, trout, pike or salmon.
If you then answer that you will be fishing for pollack during the entire trip using a float tube, you usually get to see frowned eyebrows.
I must admit that I initially had some reservations when two fishing buddies of mine asked me for a Summer Pollack trip to Norway.
I had already heard about fly fishing for pollack from the coasts, but to even consider paddling with a small float tube on such impressive fjords?
After reading some reports written by our northern neighbors from Holland Cornelis van Leeuwen and Jelle Westerhuis about heavy rods, heavy sink tip lines, hard takes, pounding big fish, I was really keen to get over there.
That's why I would like to give you some tips and tricks about this rather impressive type of fly fishing.
For this type of fishing, you need a solid, rugged and secure float tube.
Currents and strong winds on fjords can create really rugged conditions. The choice is entirely up to the fisherman himself, everyone has his own preferences.
A high sitting V type of a well-known brand has my preference.
The current has less impact on this type of boat than when using a low sitting donut model.
The newer, larger models made of Hypalon, equipped with small oars, and with some clever modifications like an electric motor, are fantastic for this kind of fishing.
There is also some free space in the front needed for installing a sonar fish finder.
One also needs plenty of storage space for the fish finder battery, spare reel(s), fly boxes, food and beverage, etc.
Always wear a lifejacket on the fjords!
When you get to a certain fishing spot, first check the situation from the bank.
By this I mean the direction and strength of wind and currents, the potential places to get into the water. But also to ensure, when necessary, that there are other places where you will be able to climb out.
I also advise you not to fish alone, but in the company of one or more fishing buddies: this is not just a lot more fun, but also a lot safer.
A simple referee's whistle enables you to inform your companions that you are in some kind of danger, or that you have a really big fish on.
To begin with, we need a solid fly rod with a line rating between # 8 and # 11.
You can use lighter rods, but the big 70cm+ pollack will give you a very hard time.
Hooked pollack invariably dive into the depths, they want to get to the bottom.
Here there are sharp stones and/or kelp where they are likely to swim into and possible get you stuck. Do you want the really big ones on the picture? Then use a solid # 10 fly rod!
You will also understand that a solid, preferably salt water resistant fly reel with a strong drag is a must.
You can summarize the required fly lines in a single phrase: very heavy sinking shooting head lines between 300 and 450 grains.
Prolonged use of such lines requires 'stripping fingers' to protect your fingers.
We keep the leader very simple: 1.5 to 2 meters 0.40 fluorocarbon. "Tough as old boots ", like they say. Furthermore, you also need a good set of long nosed unhooking pliers.
About the flies to use I can be brief: do not go into the water without weighted Clouser Deep Minnows in the following color combinations: white-chartreuse, white-yellow, white and pink, white and blue, and possibly a completely black version.
More important is to tie these flies in different lengths and hook sizes, ranging from 5 to 15cm in length, on hook size 3 up to 3/0.
You should adapt the size of the heavy dumbbell eyes to the chosen hook size.
During our last trip Clouser flies, 5 to 8cm long, tied with bucktail or artificial hair were the favorites.
If you knot these weighted streamers to you leader using an open loop knot, you will see that they will move much more beautiful and seductive through the water.


text:
Alfred Jean Marie Broquelet, né à Abbeville le  et mort le , est un graveur, lithographe, peintre et écrivain français.

Biographie

Inspecteur de l'enseignement technique, expert près le tribunal civil de la Seine et directeur des cours de l'École professionnelle de la maroquinerie et des articles de voyage, élève de William Bouguereau, de Robert Fleury et de Paul Maurou, il expose dès 1894 au Salon des artistes français où il obtient en 1900 la médaille d'argent, date à laquelle il est placé en hors-concours.

Il fut le secrétaire de la Société des artistes lithographes français aux côtés de Maurou.

Il est nommé officier de la Légion d'honneur en mai 1946.

Publications

 Traité de l'art du cuir. Maroquinerie. Cuir d'art, Garnier frères, 1907
 Manuel complet de l'imprimeur-lithographe à la presse à bras et à la machine, Garnier frères, 1908
 L'Art appliqué à l'industrie, Garnier frères, 1909
 Guide complet de l'étranger dans Paris. Versailles. Saint-Denis. Monuments. Musées, établissements publics, théâtres, etc, Garnier frères, 1909
 Nos cathédrales, Garnier frères, 1912
 Nos Églises, Garnier frères, 1914
 Nos abbayes, préface d'Henry Bordeaux, Garnier, 1921
 Manuel du fabricant de jouets, J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1922
 Nos Châteaux, Garnier frères, 1924

 L'Art de la gravure et les artistes septentrionaux, Société septentrionale de gravure, 1929
 A travers nos provinces. De la Vendée aux Pyrénées-Orientales, Garnier frères, 1930
 Dorure-encadrement. Technique des différents genres de gravure. Comment reconnaître les fausses estampes et les faux papiers, J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1930

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
 Henri Temerson, Biographies des principales personnalités françaises décédées au cours de l'année, Hachette, 1958,
 Bénézit, 1999.

Liens externes

Peintre français du XXe siècle
Graveur français du XXe siècle
Lithographe français du XXe siècle
Écrivain français du XXe siècle
Naissance en mars 1861
Naissance à Abbeville
Décès en juin 1957
Décès à 96 ans
Lauréat du prix d'Académie
Officier de la Légion d'honneur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
28 August • yesterday
Memorial of Saint Augustine, Bishop and Doctor of the Church
Why Saint Joseph should be regarded specially as the Patron of the Church, and why the Church in turn should promise much to herself from his guardian ship and patronage, these are the decisive causes and reasons: that he is the husband of Mary and the putative father of Jesus Christ. From this have proceeded all his dignity, grace, sanctity, and glory. Certainly the dignity of Mother of God is so exalted that nothing greater can be made; but nevertheless, because there existed between Joseph and most Blessed Mary the bond of marriage, it is beyond all doubt that he approached nearer than any other to that most excellent dignity by which the Mother of God far surpasses all created natures. - Pope Leo XIII
Mary: The Perfect Woman, Rhythm VI - Visitation
Saint Augustine of Hippo
• Aurelius Augustinus
• Doctor of Grace
5 May (his conversion)
Son of a pagan father who converted on his death bed, and of Saint Monica, a devout Christian. Raised a Christian, he lost his faith in youth and led a wild life. Lived with a Carthaginian woman from the age of 15 through 30. Fathered a son whom he named Adeotadus, which means the gift of God. Taught rhetoric at Carthage and Milan, Italy. After investigating and experimenting with several philosophies, he became a Manichaean for several years; it taught of a great struggle between good and evil, and featured a lax moral code. A summation of his thinking at the time comes from his Confessions: "God, give me chastity and continence - but not just now."
Augustine finally broke with the Manichaeans and was converted by the prayers of his mother and the help of Saint Ambrose of Milan, who baptized him. On the death of his mother he returned to Africa, sold his property, gave the proceeds to the poor, and founded a monastery. Monk. Priest. Preacher. Bishop of Hippo in 396. Founded religious communities. Fought Manichaeism, Donatism, Pelagianism and other heresies. Oversaw his church and his see during the fall of the Roman Empire to the Vandals. Doctor of the Church. His later thinking can also be summed up in a line from his writings: Our hearts were made for You, O Lord, and they are restless until they rest in you.
13 November 354 at Tagaste, Numidia, North Africa (Souk-Ahras, Algeria) as Aurelius Augustinus
28 August 430 at Hippo, North Africa
• against sore eyes
• against vermin
• brewers
• printers
• theologians
• 7 dioceses
• 7 cities
• child
• dove
• eagle
• shell
• flaming heart, an allusion to a passage in his Confessions
• YouTube PlayList
• Confessions (audio book)
• Of the Catechizing of the Unlearned (audio book)
Conquer yourself and the world lies at your feet. - Saint Augustine
God has no need of your money, but the poor have. You give it to the poor, and God receives it. - Saint Augustine
The honors of this world, what are they but puff, and emptiness and peril of falling? - Saint Augustine
What do you possess if you possess not God? - Saint Augustine
Unhappy is the soul enslaved by the love of anything that is mortal. - Saint Augustine
The love of worldly possessions is a sort of bird line, which entangles the soul, and prevents it flying to God. - Saint Augustine
This very moment I may, if I desire, become the friend of God. - Saint Augustine
God bestows more consideration on the purity of the intention with which our actions are performed than on the actions themselves. - Saint Augustine
I will suggest a means whereby you can praise God all day long, if you wish. Whatever you do, do it well, and you have praised God. - Saint Augustine
This is the business of our life. By labor and prayer to advance in the grace of God, till we come to that height of perfection in which, with clean hearts, we may behold God. - Saint Augustine
God in his omnipotence could not give more, in His wisdom He knew not how to give more, in His riches He had not more to give, than the Eucharist. - Saint Augustine
God does not command impossibilities, but by commanding admonishes you do what you can and to pray for what you cannot, and aids you that you may be able. - Saint Augustine
Our life and our death are with our neighbor. - Saint Augustine
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-augustine-of-hippo/
Saint Edmund Arrowsmith
• Brian Arrowsmith
• Edmund Bradshaw
• Edmund Rigby
• 25 October as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
• 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai
Son of the farmer Robert Arrowsmith and Margery Gerard Arrowsmith. His rebel parents refused to attend Protestant services, harbored priests in their home, and at one point were arrested for their actions, and dragged away in the night, leaving the child Edmund alone. Entered Douai College in 1605; he was forced to quit due to ill health. Ordained in France in 1611. Worked among beleaguered English Catholics in Lancashire for 15 years. Even in those oppressive times he was known for his pleasant disposition, sincerity, and energy.
Queen Elizabeth's governors and hierarchy lived on confiscated Catholic property, so public distrust of priests as agents of Catholic Spain working for a Spanish invasion, worked to their advantage, keeping the population in a constant state of paranoia, dependant on an intrusive government. To keep all this in place, Elizabeth had her own Inquisition. Edmund was arrested in 1622 for his faith, and spent his prison time arguing theology with the local Protestant bishop.
Edmund was unexpectedly freed by a pardon issued by King James I. After making the Spiritual Exercises, Edmund entered the Jesuits in 1623, and returned to Lancashire for the remaining five years of his life. Betrayed by the son of the landlord of the Blue Anchor Inn in south Lancashire, he was arrested by priest hunters, and imprisoned for his vocation. He decided to let the court prove the charge rather than help them with a confession, replying, "Would that I were worthy of being a priest!" When the jury found him guilty of being a Jesuit priest, he exclaimed, "Thanks be to God!" Brought to execution, he prayed for everyone in the kingdom, then said, "Be witnesses with me that I die a constant Roman Catholic and for Christ's sake; let my death be an encouragement to your going forward in the Catholic religion." His confession on the day of his execution was heard by fellow-prisoner Saint John Southworth, and his final words were "Bone Jesu" (O good Jesus).
• 1585 at Haydock, Lancashire, England as Brian Arrowsmith
• his confirmation name was Edmund, and he preferred to use it
• hanged, drawn, and quartered on 28 August 1628 at Lancaster, England
• his hand is preserved as a relic at Saint Oswald's Church, Ashton-in-Makerfield, England
25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-edmund-arrowsmith/
• Apostle of California
• Miguel José Serra Ferrer
1 July (United States)
Entered the Franciscan University at Palma, Spain at age 15, and joined the Order at age 17, taking the name Junipero after the friend of Saint Francis. Ordained in 1737, and taught philosophy and theology at the Lullian University.
In 1749, Serra was sent to the missionary territories of the west of North America. A mosquito bite he received early in his trip to the New World left one leg swollen; this and his asthma made walking a painful process for the rest of his life. In 1768 he took over missions in the Mexican provinces of Lower and Upper California, missions the Jesuits were forced to abandon by order of King Charles III. A tireless worker, Serra was largely responsible for the foundation and spread of the Church on the West Coast of the United States. Founded twenty-one missions, converted thousands of Native Americans, and trained many of them in European methods of agriculture, cattle husbandry, and crafts. Dedicated religious and missionary, penitent and austere in all areas of his life.
Blessed Junipero Serra is the namesake of the Serra Club, an international Catholic organization dedicated to the promotion of vocations, and the support of seminarians and religious novices. Many of his letters and other writings have survived, and the diary of his travels to the west was published in the early 20th century.
24 November 1713 at Petra, Spanish Majorca as Miguel Jose Serra
• 28 August 1784 of tuberculosis at Mission San Carlos, California of natural causes
• buried at Carmel, Monterey, California
• 23 September 2015 by Pope Francis
• canonization recognition celeberated at the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, DC, presided by Pope Francis
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-junipero-serra/
Saint Vicinius of Sarsina
Vicinio
Prayerful hermit on a mountain near Sarsina, Italy; it has since been named Monte San Vicinio in his honour. As was the custom then, around the year 303 the clergy and laity of Sarsina gathered to select their bishop; they saw a sign appear in the heavens above the mountain where Vicinius lived (one account gives it as angels in prayer over his hermitage), a group of the faithful was dispatched to find the man pointed out to them, and Vicinio was chosen the first bishop of Sarsina. Vicinius served for over 25 years, spreading the faith to the entire region. Even as bishop he regularly returned to the mountains to make solitary spiritual retreats. Miracle worker, exorcist and healer of both physical and mental illness.
As a personally imposed penance, for much of his life Vicinius wore an iron collar around his neck; it had a heavy stone attached by a chain. Healings he prayed for were especially powerful if the patient briefly wore the iron collar around his own neck. The collar has survived to today, and is still used for blessings of the sick, particularly those suffering from obsessions. Over the years a folk tradition developed of weaving collars of different coloured threads into "collars" as get-well wishes for the sick, and a reminder of the prayers for the intercession of Saint Vicinius; these collars, known as cordlens, are also blessed and given to the faithful during the celebration of the memorial on 28 August. Legand says that a beggar once tried to steal the collar and chain; he ran all night to escape the area only to find at dawn that he had been running in the same spot for hours; he threw the chain into the river where it floated until found by the locals and returned to its proper place.
late 3rd century Liguria, Italy
• 28 August 330 in the area of Sarsina, Italy of natural causes
• his relics, incuding the iron collar, are enshrined in the Basilica of San Vicinio
Sarsina, Italy
• chain
• iron collar
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-vicinius-of-sarsina/
Blessed Alfons Maria Mazurek
• Alfons Maria of the Holy Spirit
• Alphonsus Mary of the Holy Spirit
• Joseph Mazurek
• Józef Mazurek
12 June as one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II
Discalced Carmelite friar, taking the name Alfons Maria of the Holy Spirit. Ordained in July 1916. Teacher and noted administrator. Professor at the Carmelite minor seminary. Prefect of the seminary. Prior of the Carmelite monastery at Czerna, Poland in 1930. Under his leadership, the house renewed their evangelization work in the community. Murdered by Nazis for being a Christian leader. Martyr.
1 March 1891 at Baranówka, Lubelskie, Poland as Józef Mazurek
beaten then shot on 28 August 1944 in Nawojowa Góra, Malopolskie, Poland
13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II at Warsaw, Poland
All our sanctity and perfection consists in conforming ourselves to the will of God, which is the sole and supreme rule of perfection and of holiness. - Blessed Alfons
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-alfons-maria-mazurek/
Blessed Thomas Felton
Son of Blessed John Felton, Thomas was about 4 years old when his father was martyred. In his youth, he served as a page to one Lady Lovett. Feeling a call to the priesthood, in 1583 Thomas began studying at the English College in Rheims, France. While still a seminarian, he joined the Order of Minims, but their severe austerity ruined his health, and he left his studies to return to England.
Incoming Catholic priests being illegal at the time, Thomas was immediately arrested and imprisoned in London for two years. Through the intervention of his aunt in the royal court, he was finally released. He tried to return to France to resume his studies, but was imprisoned for this offense. When he was released again, he tried to get to France again, and was imprisoned again, this time put to torture to break him from his desire to be a priest. Finally, after years of prison and abuse, he was brought to trial, and when he refused to accept the queen as head of the Church, he was condemned to death. Martyr.
c.1567 in Bermondsey, London, England
hanged on 28 August 1588 in Isleworth, London, England
15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-thomas-felton/
Saint Joaquina Vedruna Vidal de Mas
• Joachina de Vedruna
• Joachima de Vedruna
• Joaquima de Vedruna Vidal de Mas
• Joaquina of Saint Francis of Assisi
Married to the Spanish nobleman Theodore de Mas in 1799. Mother of nine children. Widowed in 1816. Founded the Institute of the Carmelite Sisters of Charity in 1826. The Institute spread through Catalonia with the mission of caring for the sick, and teaching children. Had a great devotion to the mystery of the Holy Trinity. Suffered a slow paralysis during the last four years of her life.
16 April 1783 in Barcelona, Spain
28 August 1854 at Vic, Barcelona, Spain of cholera
12 April 1959 by Pope John XXIII
• abuse victims
• death of children
• exiles
• widows
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-joaquina-vedruna-vidal-de-mas/
Saint Julian of Auvergne
Julian of Brioude
Officer in the imperial Roman army, and a closet Christian. He retired from the army and fled to Auvergne, France during the persecutions of Diocletian. At one point he was hidden by Saint Ferreolus the Tribune. Julian later surrendered to pursuing Christian-hunters, and made a public announcement of his faith. Martyr. At least 80 French townships have some variant of his name.
at Vienne, Dauphiny, Gaul (modern France)
• beheaded near Brionde, Gaul
• water from a spring that grew nearby was later believed to cure headaches
• relics enshrined at the monastery of Saint Julian until destroyed by Norse invaders
• the site of the relics became known for miraculous cures, especially in the family of Saint Gregory of Tours, who wrote about them
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-julian-of-auvergne/
Blessed Francisco Romero Ortega
The son of a tailor, the brother of Blessed José Romero Ortega, after studies at the seminary of San Indalecio de Almería, Francisco was ordained a priest in the diocese of Almería, Spain in May 1895; he served in this vocation for over 40 years. Parish priest in several location. Chaplain of the Servants of Mary in 1926. Served in the 1929 Synod of Almería. Martyred with his brother in the Spanish Civil War.
30 March 1872 in Almería, Spain
shot, blinded and burned on 28 August 1936 in Huércal, Almería, Spain
• 25 March 2017 by Pope Francis
• beatification celebrated in the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos de Aguadulce, Almería, Spain, presided by Cardinal Angelo Amato
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-francisco-romero-ortega/
Blessed José Romero Ortega
The son of a tailor, the brother of Blessed Francisco Romero Ortega, after studies at the seminary of San Indalecio de Almería, José was ordained a priest in the diocese of Almería, Spain in December 1899. Chaplain of the hospital run by the Daughters of Charity. Parish priest in a number of places for 25+ years. Martyred with his brother in the Spanish Civil War.
2 April 1875 in Almería, Spain
shot on 28 August 1936 in Huércal, Almería, Spain
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-jose-romero-ortega/
Saint Moses the Black
• Moses the Ethiopian
• Moses of Scete
Born into slavery to an Egyptian official's family. An unruly thief, he was driven from the house and fell in with a band of robbers. On the run, he took refuge with hermits at the monastery of Petra in the desert of Skete, Egypt. He was converted and joined them as a monk. Priest. Possessed of supernatural gifts. A confirmed pacifist, he refused to defend himself with his monastery was attacked.
330; Ethiopian ancestry
• murdered 405 by Berbers at Petra, Skete, Egypt
• relics at the Church of Al Adra (the Virgin)
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-moses-the-black/
Blessed Charles-Arnould Hanus
Priest in the diocese of Verdun France. Dean of the Chapter of Ligny, Meuse, France. Imprisoned on a ship in the harbor of Rochefort, France and left to die during the anti-Catholic persecutions of the French Revolution. One of the Martyrs of the Hulks of Rochefort.
18 October 1723 in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France
28 August 1794 aboard the prison ship Washington, in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France
1 October 1995 by Pope John Paul II
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-charles-arnould-hanus/
Blessed Hugh More
Additional Memorials
• 1 December as one of the Martyrs of Oxford University
Educated in England at Oxford and Gray's Inn. Converted to Catholicism. Studied and was ordained at Rheims, France, then returned to England to minister to covert Catholics during a period of persecution. For this crime he was martyred.
at Grantham, Lincolnshire, England
hanged on 28 August 1588 at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, England
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-hugh-more/
Blessed Angelo da Pesche d'Isernia
Franciscan tertiary who worked as gardener and beggar for several Franciscan houses in southern Italy. Known for his personal piety, humility and deep prayer life, he was a much sought spiritual advisor. Reported to have levitated in ecstacy when hearing music that made him think of the heavenly choir.
c.1400 in Pesche d'Isernia, Italy
• 1460 in the Franciscan monastery in Lucera, Foggia, Italy of natural causes
• buried in Puglia, Italy
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-angelo-da-pesche-disernia/
Blessed James Claxton
James Clarkson
29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai
Raised a devout Catholic. Educated and ordained at Rheims, France in 1582. He returned to England to minister to covert Catholics in Yorkshire, for which ministry he was martyred.
16th century Yorkshire, England
hanged, drawn, and quartered in 28 August 1588 at Ilseworth, London, England
15 December1929 by Pope Pius XI
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-james-claxton/
Saint Hermes of Rome
Wealthy freed Roman slave. Brother of Saint Theodora of Rome. Martyr. A catacomb in the Salesian Way bears his name.
• martyred c.125 at Rome, Italy
• relics at Acquapendente, Italy; Salzburg, Austria; Kornelimünster Abbey; San Marco of Rome), Italy; and Seligenstadt, Germany
• Forte dei Marmi, Lucca, Italy
• Acquapendente, Italy
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-hermes-of-rome/
Blessed William Dean
Protestant minister who converted to Catholicism. Studied for the priesthood at Rheims, France. Ordained in 1581. He then returned to England as a home missioner. Arrested and exiled for his work, he returned and was arrested in London. Condemned to death for the crime of priesthood. Martyr.
at Linton-in-Craven, Yorkshire, England
28 August 1588 at Mile End Green, East London, England
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-william-dean/
Blessed Henry Webley
22 November as one of the Martyrs of England, Scotland, and Wales
Layman in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.
in Gloucester, Glocestershire, England
hanged, drawn and quartered on 22 August 1588 in Mile End Green, London, England
22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-henry-webley/
Saint Florentina of Cartagena
Florence, Fiorentina
Sister of Saint Leander of Seville, Saint Fulgentius of Ecija and Saint Isidore of Seville. Orphaned young and raised by Saint Leander of Seville. Nun. Abbess.
Cartagena, Spain
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-florentina-of-cartagena/
Saint Alexander of Constantinople
30 August (Greek calendar)
First bishop of Constantinople. Fought Arianism and turned away the writings of Arius from entering his diocese. Assisted at the Council of Nice.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-alexander-of-constantinople-2/
Blessed Adelindis of Buchau
• Adelindis of Poulagy
• Adelinda, Adele, Adelaide
Married. Widow. Founded Buchau Abbey in Württemberg, Germany, entered it as a nun, and later served as its abbess.
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-adelindis-of-buchau/
Saint Pelagius of Istria
Pelagio
Boy martyred in the persecutions of Numerian.
• c.283 in Istria (part of modern Croatia)
• relics transferred to Città Nuova, Istria
• some relics transferred to Constance, Germany
Constance, Germany
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-pelagius-of-istria/
Saint Vivian of Saintes
Bibiano
Bishop of Saintes, France. Protected his people during the Visigoth invasion.
• c.460 at Saintes, France of natural causes
• some relics enshrined in Figeac, France
• some relics enshrined in Rouen, France
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-vivian-of-saintes/
Blessed Robert Morton
Priest in the apostolic vicariate of England. Martyred in the persecutions of Queen Elizabeth I.
Bawtry, Yorkshire, England
28 August 1588 in Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, England
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-robert-morton/
Blessed William Gunter
Raglan, Monmouthshire, Wales
28 August 1588 in Shoreditch, London, England
https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-william-gunter/
Saint Septiminus of Venosa
1 September as one of the Twelve Holy Brothers
Martyred in the persecutions of Maximian Herculeaus.
• c.303 at Venosa, Italy
• relics enshrined in Benevento, Italy in 760
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-septiminus-of-venosa/
Saint Januarius of Venosa
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-januarius-of-venosa/
Saint Fortunatus of Salerno
Martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian.
• 303 near Salerno, Italy
• relics enshrined in Salerno in 940
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-fortunatus-of-salerno/
Saint Felix of Venosa
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-felix-of-venosa/
Saint Rumwold the Prince
Rumwald
Born a prince. When he was three days old, Rumwold was baptised, spoke a profession of his faith, and then died.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-rumwold-the-prince/
Saint Gaius of Salerno
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gaius-of-salerno/
Saint Gorman of Schleswig
Benedictine monk at Reichenau, Germany. Missionary preacher throughout northern Europe. Bishop of Schleswig, Denmark.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-gorman-of-schleswig/
Saint Anthes of Salerno
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-anthes-of-salerno/
Saint Agnes of Cologne
One of the young women who travelled with and was martyred with Saint Ursula. Venerated at Cologne, Germany.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-agnes-of-cologne/
Saint Restitutus of Carthage
Restituto
Bishop of Carthage in North Africa.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-restitutus-of-carthage/
Saint Ambrose of Saintes
Bishop of Saintes, France for about 14 years.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ambrose-of-saintes/
Saint Facundinus of Taino
Bishop of Taino, Italy.
https://catholicsaints.info/saint-facundinus-of-taino/
Martyred in the Spanish Civil War
Thousands of people were murdered in the anti-Catholic persecutions of the Spanish Civil War from 1934 to 1939. I have pages on each of them, but in most cases I have only found very minimal information. They are available on the CatholicSaints.Info site through these links:
• Blessed Agustín Bermejo Miranda
• Blessed Alejandro Iñiguez De Heredia Alzola
• Blessed Andrés Merino Báscones
• Blessed Antonio Solá Garriga
• Blessed Arturo Ros Montalt
• Blessed Aurelio da Vinalesa
• Blessed Celestino Ruiz Alegre
• Blessed Cesáreo España Ortiz
• Blessed Eladi Peres Bori
• Blessed Evencio Castellanos López
• Blessed Francisco López Navarette
• Blessed Germán Arribas y Arribas
• Blessed Graciliano Ortega Narganes
• Blessed Isidre Fábregas Gils
• Blessed Jaume Tarragó Iglesias
• Blessed Javier Pradas Vidal
• Blessed Joan Tomás Gibert
• Blessed Joaquim Oliveras Puljarás
• Blessed José Gorastazu Labayen
• Blessed Josep Camprubí Corrubí
• Blessed Juan Bautista Faubel Cano
• Blessed Lázaro Ruiz Peral
• Blessed Manoel José Sousa de Sousa
• Blessed Modest Godo Buscato
• Blessed Modest Pamplona Falguera
• Blessed Nicolás Rueda Barriocanal
• Blessed Serviliano Solá Jiménez
• Blessed Teodoro Pérez Gómez
• Our Lady of Mailane
• Diego de Tahust
• Feidlimid
• Hezekiah of Judah
• Thomas Holford

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ABOUT THE MILLENNIUM FELLOWSHIP - CLASS OF 2020
United Nations Academic Impact and MCN are proud to partner on the Millennium Fellowship. In the three months the application was open in 2020, 15,159 young leaders applied to join the Class of 2020 on 1,458 campuses across 135 nations. 80 campuses worldwide (just 6%) were selected to host the 1,000+ Millennium Fellows. The Class of 2020 is bold, innovative, and inclusive.
UNITED NATIONS ACADEMIC IMPACT AND MCN PROUDLY PRESENT ADITHYA LHS, A MILLENNIUM FELLOW FOR THE CLASS OF 2020.
National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal | Mangalore, India | Advancing SDG 1 & UNAI 1
" As an analyst, I find the future being bleak for a country like India purely because of our population and the struggling economy. I'm a proponent of investing in the development of the next generation to revolutionise various nuances of our system. Millennial Fellowship provides us this opportunity to breach barriers and interact with a diverse set of emerging leaders. I'm excited for the future that we shape for the babies of tomorrow. As social entrepreneurs we all hope to find a ray of hope and validation and personally, being a Millennium has been exactly that. "
Millennium Fellowship Project: Nurture
The 'Nurture' Initiative aims to provide mother-child kits to provide antenatal care for mothers and to inculcate the importance of education and immunization for the child. The 'Nurture' initiative aims to provide mother and child kits which consists of books, sanitary napkins, the essential information in regional languages regarding immunization, and provide medicines. The Fellows want to empower women by intellectual education and help break down taboos that surround menstrual health for women. They aim to reach out to 10 villages and impact about 1000 lives or 200 families in these villages. They further aim to organize mentorship in orphanages and government schools to support underprivileged children's learning endeavours.
About the Millennium Fellow
Adithya LHS has involved himself in social ventures for the past 7 years and has had a compassionate outlook towards the development of orphans within the country. He's a polymath with interests ranging from design, analytics, data science, psychology to neuroscience and social entrepreneurship.
Apply for the Class of 2021
FOR FELLOWS
#MILLENNIUMFELLOWSHIP
United Nations Academic Impact (UNAI)
Millennium Campus Network (MCN)
APPLY TO THE CLASS OF 2021


text:
Biskupi toruńscy – biskupi diecezjalni i biskupi pomocniczy diecezji toruńskiej.

Biskupi

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Zobacz też
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Linki zewnętrzne
  [dostęp 2010-11-08]

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Toruń


text:
Home » Tate & Lyle to expand production of fructose sweetener
Tate & Lyle to expand production of fructose sweetener
LONDON – Tate & Lyle, P.L.C. plans to invest $65 million to expand its operations in Lafayette, Ind. The company will install equipment at its Lafayette South plant to expand production of its Krystar crystalline fructose sweetener, which will meet growing demand in the Americas and Asia, Tate & Lyle said March 16.
"This expansion not only allows us to stay ahead of the global demand for crystalline fructose but also gives us the opportunity and flexibility to continue to grow within the North American and emerging markets," said Joan Braca, president of Specialty Food Ingredients at Tate & Lyle, which is based in London and has a U.S. office in Chicago. "We'd like to thank both the state of Indiana and the city of Lafayette for their ongoing support of projects like these and look forward to our continued relationship with them."
Companies Innovation Suppliers Tate & Lyle Supplier Innovations
Tate & Lyle free to explore tabletop sweetener market
New Tate & Lyle sweetener needs time to gain traction
Tate & Lyle to invest in starch production in Indiana
Cleaner Approach to Extending Shelf Life


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By Dr. Mark Anarumo, Maj Gen (VSM) President, Norwich University
NORTHFIELD, Vt. —It's with heartfelt sadness that I notify the Norwich Community on the passing Colonel Tim Donovan this past weekend. We mourn together over the loss of a national hero and an all-time Norwich great.
"The passing of Colonel Donovan is a devastating blow to the Norwich community," said Norwich President Mark Anarumo. "I first met him at an alumni event in Washington, D.C., in 2020, early in my time at Norwich. Everyone in attendance knew they were in the company of a hero. Tim was the epitome of grace, and just had such an amazing presence. I consider myself honored to have known him. All of Norwich mourns his passing but celebrates that we were blessed to have benefited from such a hero and gentleman."
COL Donovan, NU Class of '62, came to Norwich in 1958 from Bristol, CT. He studied engineering and English at Norwich while serving as a Cadet First Sergeant and Cadet Company Commander. A member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, Tim was part of Hotel Company, Golf Company, and led Kilo Company during his time on the Hill. He was also a member of the Honor Tank Platoon, Mountain Cold Weather Rescue Team, and numerous other clubs and committees. Upon graduation, he served 30 years, 10 months, and 17 days in the Army where he was first assigned to the 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor in Friedberg, Germany, before being sent to Vietnam. As commanding officer of C Troop of the 10th Cavalry, 4th Infantry Division, Tim was severely wounded on November 1, 1969, around the Cambodian border near the la Drang Valley. He sustained his injuries while leading a response to an ambush of his platoon and nearly lost his life. In his own words, "a very brave soldier from North Vietnam jumps out of a spider hole about sixty feet away and shoots me through the seam of the flak jacket, not through the padding, but through the cloth. And, and it severed a rib, took out my left lung, nicked a pulmonary artery, tumbled along my spine so we had three compound fractures of the spine, severed my diaphragm, and ended up in my spleen." He would be evacuated to a hospital in Pleiku, before being sent to Boston Navy Hospital where he would make a full recovery.
COL Donovan began his academic career at Norwich as an engineer, but by his junior year, on the advice of faculty mentors, changed his major to English. While in the English department, Donovan wrote several articles about the History of Art that would find their way into Encyclopedia Britannica and was nominated for a Fulbright scholarship. Tim was proud of many things during his time at Norwich, and often bragged of never having to walk a tour. He often stated that the most important thing he learned about leadership at Norwich was "to listen to your soldiers, and listen especially to your NCOs, your noncommissioned officers."
He continued his academic career by getting a Master's Degree in History from Rice University and then earned a coveted faculty position at West Point. Beginning in the 1980s, COL Donovan served as both Commandant and Professor of Military Science at Norwich until his retirement from the Army in 1993. He was the last active duty Commandant to serve in that role. As his tenure on the Hill ended, he continued to give back to the community, serving as an active volunteer for many Norwich events and activities. He spent time as President of the Friends of Kreitzberg Library, Chairman of the Board of Fellows, was a founding member of the Norwich Alumni Club at West Point, Director of the Alumni Association Board and a member of the William E. Colby Military Writers Symposium.
Tim and his wife Jackie spent many years mentoring and befriending countless Norwich students, shaping hundreds of leaders who served with distinction in all branches of service. His long and honorable service to Norwich was memorialized in 2020 when the Sullivan Museum and History Center honored the Donovans by dedicating the Norwich Valor Exhibit Project in their name. At the dedication event, former Chief of Staff of the Army General Gordon Sullivan called Tim one of the greatest soldiers ever who went to Vietnam, commenting that he "did what he knew was right and he almost paid the price." "Tim, you are the epitome of what it takes to be a combat soldier and I am honored and to look you right in the eyes and tell you – you're my hero," said Sullivan. COL Donovan often shared stories of how his military and civilian careers took him to many places, including the exact spot where Napoleon stood during the Battle of Waterloo.
His travels also introduced him to a variety of people including famed author Tom Clancy and future General David Petraeus who, as a cadet at West Point, asked Professor Donovan "how can I find out more about, you know, national strategy and politics."
COL Donovan earned a Silver Star, two Legions of Merit awards, two Bronze Stars, an Air Medal, a Combat Infantryman Badge, and a Purple Heart during his service to his country. "For those of us who were his Cadets in the late 80's and early 90's, Colonel D was a daily walking example of courage and grit," said Commandant Bill McCollough '91. "He was genuine and made each of us know that regardless of our individual backgrounds, there was at least one person who cared about what kind of leader we became, and would be proud when we made the hard, right decisions.
As the years passed, he went from being our Commandant, to being our mentor, and ultimately to being our friend. Through all those phases, he remained our hero. When times are hard and tough decisions need to be made, it's always good to have a model to follow so you can ask 'what would that leader do?' For many hundreds of us, Tim was that leader."
- Dr. Mark Anarumo, Maj Gen (VSM) President, Norwich University


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Gionee Elife S5.1, new world thinnest smartphone specs leaked
by Bill Taylor
Are you a fan of sleek, fast and highly multi-functional phones? If you are, then there is currently no better option for you than the Gionee Elife S5.1 phone. Previously, Gionee had laudably set a world record with the Gionee Elife S5.5 that was amazingly 5.5mm thin. This time, however, they've gone a notch higher by making a thinner phone, the Gionee Elife S5.1 that measures 5.15mm (0.2-inches).
As you'd probably expect, the Gionee Elife S5.1 comes with some high-end upgrades to ensure that the phone's internals fit into the sleek smartphone. The slim phone, which is set to be released in China in the course of this month, is further complemented with impressive dimensions of 5.5" x 2.65" x 0.2." and a 4.8-inch 720p display.
Even though the phone doesn't have microSD slot, it comes with a 16GB of Storage that is adequate for the storage of many videos, music or any other types of files, for that matter.
Unlike the Gionee Elife S5.5 that was packed with an octa-core SoC and 2GB of RAM, the Elife S5.1 has a Snapdragon 400 SoC and 1GB of RAM. This, of course, makes the Elife S5.1 a slight downgrade to the Elife S5.5. Also, whereas most smartphones that are currently released get the Android 4.4 KitKat update, the Gionee Elife S5.1 is said to have the Android 4.3 OS with Amigo 2.0 on top.
However, to make up for these specs, the thin smartphone comes with remarkable cameras—the front-facing camera is 5MP, while the rear camera is 8MP. Based on the decent picture clarity and a variety of options provided by these cameras, the phone could be very popular among photo and video enthusiasts.
Apple updates Health and HealthKit privacy policy
As the new thinnest smartphone on the planet, the Gionee Elife S5.1 is expected to come at a high, but relatively affordable price. Considering the success of the previous phones released by Gionee, it would be interesting to see how the new phone performs when it hits the streets.
Apple iWatch delayed until 2015, only iPhone 6 coming on September 9
For some people, the specs of the new phone, compared to its predecessors and other rivals in the market, will make it unpopular. However, for those who are diehard fanatics of sleek gadgets, the Gionee Elife S5.1 is the ultimate buy. Which of these two groups do you belong to, and why?
Apple iPhone Pro could have twin cut-outs for selfie cam and Face ID


The person that you described as "most popular" probably meant more to your group than merely scoring high on the popularity scale. What you may be seeing is part of what is called social network theory. The idea is that many groups have one key individual who is the hub or focal point, and this person takes whatever messages are imparted to the group and, by his or her own words and actions, determines whether the message will be absorbed or shelved.
When the person who plays this role in a group is removed for any reason, it is not uncommon to find that the group struggles, especially when it comes to communication and training. Your situation probably is not a case of employee depression or anger at you, but rather a case of floundering. The person who helped them make sense of so much of what they were hearing is gone.
As a result, the message that the employees are sending to you is that they need more guidance, direction, feedback, and follow-up at this point. This means that it will be helpful for you to do more managing by wandering around and increasing the level of two-way communication with each member of your team. Hopefully, one of them will morph into the next natural leader of the group.


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Donate Now! Join the NFB
Minnesota Bulletin
The National Federation of the Blind knows that blindness is not the characteristic that defines you or your future. Every day we raise the expectations of blind people, because low expectations create obstacles between blind people and our dreams. You can live the life you want; blindness is not what holds you back.
2021 Annual State Convention
Nov. 5-7, 2021 (Bloomington)
Audio Documentary from Fall Convention Now Available for Download (December 03, 2020)
One of the highlights of the 2020 annual convention of the NFB of Minnesota was the presentation of an audio documentary with voices and sounds from our history, gathered by Steve Jacobson and Tim Aune. This amazing trip through time was presented in several segments during the convention. It is available in four mp3 files, downloadable from the links below, and also along with other commemorative material at www.nfbmn.org/100years.
Minnesota Agrees to Provide Accessible Absentee Voting Option for Blind Voters (October 24, 2020)
We priase the Secretary of State's introduction of a system by which blind Minnesotans can accessibly, safely, and privately mark their absentee ballots in time for the November 2020 election.
Read the press release
Learn how to vote accessibly by mail
100th Anniversary Audio Celebration (May 26, 2020)
May 27th, 2020, was the 100th anniversary of the founding of the organization we now call the National Federation of the Blind of Minnesota. Federationists from all over the state and beyond helped put together a review of some of the ways we have made a difference throughout these 100 years. The presentation streamed every half hour all day on May 27th.
©2018 National Federation of the Blind of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy
©2018 National Federation of the Blind of Minnesota. All Rights Reserved — Privacy Policy


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Q: How to adjust width of TTStyledTextLabel? I am implementing an IM app on iOS. I found that three20 library has a TTStyledTextLabel which provides cool features like showing images and url links. However I want to embed the TTStyledTextLabel in a message bubble (just like the sms app shipped with iphone does), where I need the label to adjust its size according to the text length. I found that TTStyledTextLabel can adjust its height according to its width, but I don't know how to make it shrink horizontally when the text is very short and can't fill up a whole line. Any suggestions?

A: I think I have a slightly better solution: I get the rootFrame of the ttstyledtext and iterate over its sibling frames to find the max width.
It works like this:
    TTStyledTextLabel* label = [[TTStyledTextLabel alloc] init];
    label.text = [TTStyledText textFromXHTML:myTextToBeDisplayed];
    [label sizeToFit];
    CGFloat maxWidth = 0;
    TTStyledFrame *f = label.text.rootFrame;
    while (f) {
        int w = f.x + f.width;
        if (w > maxWidth) {
            maxWidth = w;
        }
        f = f.nextFrame;
    }
    return CGSizeMake(maxWidth, label.height);

A: I tried doing it by incrementally passing the width parameter in size to sizeToFit and looking at the resulting height to give cues in terms of whether the size is ok. But this is not a elegant solution
for (int index = 100; index < 320; index= index+30)
{
  label.width = x;
  if (label.height < 20)
      break;
}


On 6th July we will be performing a concert of Music from the Musicals in support of Ashby Rotary and their chosen charity. The theme of the concert is "Music from the Musicals" and we will be playing some of the best Broadway and West End music ever written, including music from My Fair Lady, South Pacific, Kiss Me Kate, The Sound of Music, Fiddler on the Roof, Oliver, West Side Story, The King and I, The Greatest Showman and Carousel.
In November we will once again perform our annual concert in support of the Royal British Legion Poppy Campaign for 2019.
On 21st December we will bring our year to a close with our ever popular Annual Christmas Concert at the new time of 4.00 p.m.
For the most up to date information about our forthcoming concerts please visit our Facebook page. We look forward to seeing you at our concerts throughout the year.


3D Results culture is one that emphasizes our employees development and satisfaction. We encourage innovation, invest in your goals and vision of growth, and emphasize collaboration. We pride ourselves on providing exciting careers that boast flexibility to smart, driven people.
Search our openings If you would like to be part of this extraordinary team as we enter new stages of growth, we would be happy to speak with you about the opportunities.
The Consulting Services team manages HCM, Change Management, software adoption strategies, and products for HCM analytics and SAP SuccessFactors integrations..
Our Implementation team manages the implementations of SuccessFactors Software.
3D Results Sales & Marketing teams drive the revenue engine for the organization.


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Home » Frequently asked Questions on Health » Why did my son faint and started to shake suddenly?
Why did my son faint and started to shake suddenly?
Answered by: Dr RK Sabharwal | Senior Consultant, Child Neurology & Epilepsy,
Sir Ganga Ram Hospital,
Q: Last weekend, my 8-year-old son fainted and started to shake. We took him to the hospital and they ran an ECG, CT scan and blood work, but everything was normal. We are still waiting for the results of the EEG. What other tests should be done to find out why he fainted? He has played hockey in the middle of summer and never fainted, he runs and plays. But that day he was standing and talking to his friends, then suddenly he started to shake and went down.
A:Your son had an event that could be a seizure, a fainting spell or syncope. Since these events don't happen in front of a doctor, the description by people who are witness to the event, is most important. If he had become pale, cold, sweaty, and felt that his vision is blackening and he might fall, then syncope should be suspected. If he started to shake before falling, and there was distortion of his face, with stiffening of the body and jerking, then a seizure would be likely. If his tests including EEG are normal, one may avoid starting any treatment. Because in upto 30-40% patients with a single attack and normal tests, convulsions will not recur. Treatment may be considered in case the attack recurs. Remember, description of the attack is very important.
Why is my son having persistent fever?
Is sleepwalking a disorder?
Are repetitive seizures linked to fever?
Are our children at risk of hypothyroidism?
How to deal with a child suffering from ADHD?
Why is measles vaccine given to children at 9 months of age?
Lunar Eclipse 2019: Chandra Grahan Today, India Timings; Are There Any Precautions To Take For Health?


This 2-day course will feature in-depth lectures on anatomy, biomechanics, surgical interventions and rehabilitation of the hip. Saturday will be dedicated to lectures, labs and demonstrations. Physical therapy staff will present biomechanics evaluation, gait analysis, manual therapy techniques and treatment tips.


Mesothelioma and asbestos are so related that many people call it by the name of asbestos mesothelioma. Although mesothelioma is serious cancer, asbestos is the main cause. If we can approve things that remain in use for a long time, their effect on the environment decides the solvency of this product at the end. The same thing is true with asbestos. The years 1940 and 1950 saw a wave of "asbestos" as the best thing that could happen after cement in the construction industry. Due to its high degree of stability and resistance to very high temperatures, asbestos has been widely applied in insulators and ceiling tiles in homes, schools, and factories. However, this product is a harmful pollutant. Asbestos tends to break into small particles and remain suspended in the air for long periods of time.
Anyone who comes in contact or inhales, it becomes vulnerable to serious illnesses such as asbestosis, lung cancer or mesothelioma lung cancers. Types of mesothelioma: mesothelioma, cancer-related to asbestos, acquires its name from the mesothelial cells that are charged to protect and allow an easy removal of our vital organs like lungs, heart, and abdomen in the body. Mesothelioma is usually of three types, pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma and pericardial mesothelioma. If a person suffers from hoarseness, difficulty breathing, weight loss, coughing, blood in the sputum, chest pain, muscle weakness, reduced tactile sensitivity, it may be suffering from pleural mesothelioma or cancer of the mucosa of Lungs. It is the most common type of mesothelioma and nearly two-thirds of patients with mesothelioma suffer from pleural mesothelioma.
Peritoneal mesothelioma or cancer of the lining of the abdomen causes an impaired bowel movement, bloating, swelling of the feet and nausea. This is less common in patients with mesothelioma and affects one-third of mesothelioma patients. Pericardial mesothelioma is cancer of the inner wall of the heart. It is also due to the fact that exposure to asbestos. However, its prevalence is rare. Pericardial mesothelioma manifest in the form of chest pain, palpitations, cough, and dyspnea. Lawsuits related to mesothelioma and asbestos: The dangerous consequences of long-term contact with asbestos and its link with mesothelioma cancers gave rise to several lawsuits against manufacturers. Mesothelioma or asbestos lawyers claim that asbestos manufacturers were aware of the harmful effects of exposure to asbestos and yet persisted in its use for profit reasons. This is the reason why juries have ordered rigorous rewards in many mesotheliomas and asbestos-related lawsuits.


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Thanks for taking the 18 months to write the book. You did a great job on it and I enjoyed it immensely.
I am challenged by the 5 principles as they apply to my personal work as a pastor of a small semi-rural church, and as they apply to the management of my "staff" of approximately 140 volunteer workers. Thanks to Michelli for writing the book, and Bieber for reviewing it. I am buying it today.


built her first career in sales, marketing, and corporate communications, including a decade as Head of Communications for a global manufacturer. She is deeply involved with communications leadership and church replanting throughout Orange County. A skilled bible study "doctor" and teacher, Leann lives in Orange, CA and blogs at leannderings.com.
began her career as an advertising copywriter and creative director working with Fortune 500 companies. She is an author, speaker, teacher, retreat leader, liturgist, and creator of The Renaissance ServiceTM. She lives in Mar Vista, CA and is involved with revealing Christ through the ministry of lincla.org. Fnd out more about her work at heatherchoatedavis.com.


"So those running Golden Temple, making Yogi brand tea, can no longer use the words "Yogi" or "Yogi Tea" - those word belong to YB's heirs.
GTO must also pay $1,644,605.00 in back royalties to Bibiji and kids. She doesn't get any back royalties for the time before 2009. Of course she gets her legal fees paid.
Bibiji won by proving that Yogi Bhajan controlled everything. They call him the CMA, Central Management Authority. True enough."
Siknet Sikhs recently sold Golden Temple cereal products to Hearthside Foods, a multi million dollar food production company. Hearthside is using an image of the Golden Temple and the name of our beloved Harimander Sahib in their advertising to make millions in commercial profit! Hearthside Foods is billing the Golden Temple as their Company!!
Welcome Golden Temple customers, followers and friends. We are Hearthside Foods and we are continuing the legacy of all-natural baking that has made Golden Temple a favorite on breakfast tables for over 35 years.
McGrory said his clients deny that the Staff Endowment was in return for anything relating to Premka Khalsa's allegations.
Yogi Bhajan's estate still isn't settled. In legal proceedings in New Mexico, the yogi's widow argues that she was not aware of large gifts and expenditures her husband made while he was alive, and she wants an accounting of them, which could result in a determination that she is entitled to more of the remaining estate, said Surjit Soni, the widow's attorney.
Soni declined to comment on the sexual abuse allegations.
Responding to the unpaid labor allegations, he said that many people volunteered their time to build the organization.
Another sexual abuse case against Yogi Bhajan, also settled out of court, was filed by the younger sister of Guru Amrit Khalsa, one of the yogi's long-time secretaries.
Today, Guru Amrit Khalsa is one of the group's two chief religious authorities, as well as one of the religious leaders suing Golden Temple CEO Kartar Khalsa and other business leaders.
Through McGrory, her attorney, she denied all allegations in her sister's complaint.
The Register-Guard's policy is not to name sexual abuse victims without their permission. Guru Amrit Khalsa's sister's whereabouts are not known, and she could not be reached for this story.
In court documents, she alleged that Guru Amrit Khalsa began trying to "entice" her into Yogi Bhajan's organization when she was 11, and succeeded when she was 14.
She said she was with the group from 1975 to 1985. In her 1986 lawsuit, she alleged that starting in 1978, Yogi Bhajan repeatedly physically and sexually assaulted her.
The lawsuit alleged that the yogi was sexually involved with Guru Amrit Khalsa, as well as various other members of his administrative staff.
Guru Amrit Khalsa's sister also alleged that Yogi Bhajan did not compensate her for skin and hair care products and snack foods she had developed and turned over to him in 1983 and 1984, after he had promised her an ownership stake or other payment.
The allegations in these lawsuits contrast with the public image of 3HO Sikhs in Eugene, who are widely regarded as devout, hard workers who have built a successful company that is a cornerstone of the natural foods industry here.
Firsthand knowledge of the abuse was confined to the yogi's inner circle, Premka Khalsa and other former members said.
"The Eugene community, in general, is innocent and quite well intentioned," she said.
Premka Khalsa said she sued Yogi Bhajan to try to expose what she called his lies and force him to change his behavior.
"The greeting we all have is Sat Nam, 'Truth is your identity,' and I wanted him to stop lying," she said.
Premka Khalsa said she also wanted the rest of the community to know about the abuse, and she wanted to lend credibility to the complaint filed by Guru Amrit Khalsa's sister because she said she was appalled by how badly she had been treated.
The suits were settled for undisclosed amounts, and they didn't surface again until Guru Bir Khalsa, who had become disillusioned after learning of the group's ties to telemarketing fraud, retrieved them from the archives of a New Mexico courthouse and put copies on the Internet in 2002.
Most of the former members quoted in this article asked to be referred to by the names they were using at the time they were part of the Sikh community.
When India-born Yogi Bhajan came to the United States in 1968 to teach kundalini yoga, a revolution was sweeping the nation. Young people were rebelling against the status quo, protesting the Vietnam War, and experimenting with free love, psychedelic drugs, Eastern religions and communal living.
Idealistic young Americans flocked to Yogi Bhajan's classes. Ashrams focused on his teachings began to pop up across the country, including in Eugene, Los Angeles, and Espanola, N.M. — the group's main compound.
Soon after his arrival, he founded a nonprofit group 3HO (Happy, Holy, Healthy Organization) and began blending in Sikh teachings and practices.
In 1972, members of the fledgling Eugene ashram launched a tiny bakery in Springfield, which they later donated to the Sikh community. It grew into Golden Temple, an anchor of Eugene's natural foods industry, and a major local employer and charitable donor.
The Eugene ashram grew steadily, becoming the Northwest hub for Yogi Bhajan's brand of Sikhism. His adherents, with turbans, flowing robes and leggings, became a common sight.
Over the years, members of the ashram married, bought homes, sent their children to local schools and became part of the larger community.
In 2004, Yogi Bhajan died after devising a succession plan that split control of the community's religious life and its business life — including Golden Temple, now a lucrative international producer of natural cereals and tea based in Eugene.
Six years later, a dispute over who owns and controls the multimillion dollar businesses has erupted into a court battle that is fracturing the community. The fight in Multnomah County Circuit Court has centered around the shift in ownership of Golden Temple.
In 2007, CEO Kartar Singh Khalsa and five other Golden Temple managers became majority owners of the company, which previously had belonged to the larger Sikh organization.
Last week, sources confirmed that Kartar Khalsa and the other owners plan to sell the cereal business to a Chicago company.
Compounding the woes of the community — and its businesses — are legal claims by the yogi's widow that have delayed the settling of the yogi's estate and that threaten Golden Temple's continued use of the "Yogi" brand.
Amid all the rancor, many wonder whether Yogi Bhajan's brand of Sikhism will survive, and what will happen to the businesses it spawned.
At its peak in the 1970s, the Sikh community that Yogi Bhajan inspired had up to 10,000 members, according to published reports. Eugene was the Northwest hub of the community, although smaller than other centers in New Mexico and Los Angeles. Today, although down from those peak numbers, it still has several thousand members worldwide, the group's religious leaders estimate in court papers. The group has about 100 adherents in the Eugene-Springfield area, one local member estimates.
Connie Elsberg, a sociology professor at Northern Virginia Community College who studied 3HO and wrote a book about female members, said the court battles now being fought are a turning point for the community and its businesses.
But if Unto Infinity agrees to provide sufficient funding to the other branches, the organization may continue relatively unchanged, with some decline in numbers, Elsberg said.
Krishna Singh Khalsa, a longtime Eugene Sikh, said Sikhs are learning from this experience.
Things were much simpler when Yogi Bhajan first gathered his American flock, many of them hippies engulfed in the drug culture.
Yogi Bhajan's converts were attracted to a variation of Sikhism that he created, incorporating kundalini yoga and vegetarianism — typically Hindu practices. He taught them how to do a form of yoga and meditate. He gave them Sikh names — "Singh" the middle name for men, "Kaur" for women, with the last name of "Khalsa." He encouraged them to start businesses and "work by the sweat of their brow." In some cases, he told them where to live, arranged their marriages and named their children.