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Defining Burglary Under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA)
By Brandon Sample | December 31, 2018 | 0
The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) applies a specific set of sentencing provisions to convicted felons who use a firearm in the commission of a crime with a prior record of violent offenses. In United States v. Stitt, the Supreme Court recently addressed the question of what exactly constitutes a burglary for purposes of determining whether the ACCA applies to a defendant convicted of an additional crime with a handgun. The unanimous decision clarified that even if a structure transformed into sleeping quarters was formerly a vehicle, this structure could still fit within the definition of burglary.
What is the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA)?
The Armed Career Criminal Act was passed in 1984 during the Reagan Administration to impose more severe sentences on criminals who are convicted of committing a crime with a gun if they had already been convicted of at least three certain violent crimes. The minimum sentence for those criminals who fall within the ACCA's definition of prior offenders is 15 years with a maximum term of life in prison. This act calls for an additional five years in prison above what the Gun Control Act requires for minimum sentencing.
Burglary Under the ACCA
Burglary is one of the predicate crimes under the ACCA that counts towards a defendant's number of prior convictions for enhanced sentencing. The 1990 Supreme Court case Taylor v. United States requires that courts look at prior convictions from state courts and review the state's definition of burglary at the time of conviction to determine if the offense counts as part of the ACCA's sentencing mandate. That is, if a state court's definition of burglary was broader than the generic definition of burglary, then the offense could possibly not be considered for inclusion as part of an ACCA sentencing analysis.
What Happened in United States v. Stitt
In United States v. Stitt, the defendant was convicted of possessing a handgun in the commission of a crime with a long record of prior convictions that would have made him a candidate for Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) enhanced sentencing. However, the defendant argued that his prior conviction for burglary under Tennessee law actually involved the invasion of a mobile vehicle that had been converted into living quarters. He contended that this fell outside the generic definition of burglary as the unlawful invasion of "a building or structure" with the intent to commit a crime once inside. Therefore, according to the defendant, this offense should not count toward the three convictions required by the ACCA to impose enhanced sentencing minimums.
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the defendant's arguments. The Supreme Court unanimously overturned the appellate court, holding that for the purposes of the ACCA, the term burglary "includes burglary of a structure or vehicle that has been adapted or is customarily used for overnight accommodation." In other words, a mobile structure fits within the generic definition of burglary. Thus, the defendant was eligible for sentencing under the ACCA and could receive the mandatory 15-year minimum sentence.
Takeaways from United States v. Stitt for the Future of the ACCA
The Supreme Court decision in United States v. Stitt reflects that the current justices are not looking to poke fatal holes into the ACCA in the near future. Unfortunately, defendants facing sentencing under the ACCA based on crimes involving burglaries will not have as many opportunities to appeal the applicability of the ACCA to their convictions involving crimes committed with a gun. It seems now that many state burglary laws will ostensibly fit within the generic definition of burglary pursuant to the ACCA.
Looking further ahead, this recent Supreme Court decision highlights that the justices are not likely to look for any possible avenue to strike down the ACCA. Some have predicted that the upcoming Supreme Court decision in Stokeling v. United States, another ACCA case involving issues over a state court's definition of robbery, is the opening that the justices have been waiting for to attack the ACCA. While it is possible that they are simply waiting to decide on that case before signaling their disapproval of the ACCA, the unanimous decision in United States v. Stitt seems to suggest otherwise. The Supreme Court's decision in Stokeling v. United States is expected during the 2019 session.
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Nightwish -Amaranth dcd [finland]
SKU: cd 90b Categories: Music, CDs, Progressive/Art rock/Symphonic rock
Limited edition Finnish two cd edition contains both parts of the first single taken from the Finnish Symphonic Metallers 2007 album Dark Passion Play. Part One features a song called While Your Lips Are Still Red, which is featured in the Finnish film LIEKSA! released in September 2007. On August 24th 2007, the official Nightwish website reported that Amaranth had already achieved gold status in their native Finland two days after its release, meaning sales of over 5000 singles. On August 29th, it was announced on the same website that Amaranth had topped the Finnish Singles Chart. On the 6th September the official site also announced that Amaranth had reached the top of the charts in Hungary and Spain too.
1. Amaranth
2. Reach-Amaranth demo version
3. Eva-Orchestral version
4. While Your Lips Are Still Red
2. Amaranch-Orchestral version
3. Eva-demo version
SPI311cd / 174079-6

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


He cited the work of Eyeview in delivering versions of film trailers that match the interest and location of the consumer.
We spoke with him at the Eyeview industry event last week in Manhattan. For more videos from this page, please visit this page.


This 2016 Ford F-150 Platinum is offered to you for sale by Hixson Autoplex of Leesville.
Simply put, this Four Wheel Drive is engineered with higher standards. Enjoy improved steering, superior acceleration, and increased stability and safety while driving this 4WD Ford F-150 Platinum. Exceptional in every sense of the word, this incredibly low mileage vehicle is one of a kind.


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Kjotve el Rico (nórdico antiguo: Kjötvi hinn auðgi, noruego: Kjøtve den rike) (m. 872) era un caudillo vikingo, rey de Agder, en el sur de Noruega, a finales del siglo IX. Kjotve era descendiente de Harald Granraude en segunda generación y padre de Thor Haklang (Kjøtvesson) y dirigió el levantamiento junto con otros caudillos contra el rey Harald I de Noruega en la batalla de Hafrsfjord donde fue derrotado y tuvo que escapar; muchos de sus aliados murieron en esa batalla.

Tras la fuga, Kjotve ya no se menciona más en las sagas, con la muerte de su hijo pereció su dinastía.

Referencias

Véase también
 Saga de Egil Skallagrímson

Bibliografía
 Palsson, Hermann and Paul Edwards, trans. Egil's Saga. NY: Penguin, 1976.
 Gobernantes de Noruega (2011), Books LLC, ISBN 1232476919

Reyes de Agder
Reyes vikingos de Noruega del siglo IX
Saga de Grettir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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What to Do with Surveillance Capitalism?
To cite this article: Jenny Huberman (2020) What to Do with Surveillance Capitalism?, Anthropology Now, 12:2, 94-100, DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2020.1824760
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/19428200.2020.1824760
Jenny Huberman
Shoshana Zuboff. 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. London: Profile Books. 691 pages.
Every now and then a book comes along that forces one to radically question the way the world works. The power of such books stems from their ability to expose the hidden "laws of motion" that animate social life. For me, one of the first books to produce this effect was Karl Marx's Capital. Reading Capital for the first time as a graduate student, I came away convinced that I needed to rethink everything I thought I knew to be true about the "freedom" and "fairness" of our economic system. I felt as though a major secret had been revealed to me, and indeed, it had: the secret of profit in the age of industrial capitalism.
As I "followed" Marx onto the factory floor and "listened" to him explain the way that relative and absolute surplus value are aggressively pursued through the plundering of labor power, relations of exploitation that had previously been obscured to me appeared in new light. The capital–labor relation was not based on real reciprocity, a point that Marcel Mauss made almost a century ago when he wrote, "Those who have benefited from [the worker's] services have not discharged their debt to him through the payment of wages."1 But rather, the capital-labor relation was reflective of "negative reciprocity,"2 that is, an attempt by the capitalist to procure something of value by offering as little as possible in return.
Now, more than 20 years later, I find my- self having a similar revelatory experience reading Shoshana Zuboff's new book, Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. Zuboff's analysis of surveillance capitalism takes us behind the scenes of the digital infrastructure that makes possible a new form of capital accumulation based on the ceaseless extraction of digital data and "behavioral surplus." Referring to this infrastructure as "Big Other," Zuboff sets out to identity "the laws of motion" that animate this new digitally mediated economic order and to warn readers of its potentially devastating consequences (66). Surveillance Capitalism is both an analysis and critique. Zuboff's main argument is that surveillance capitalism poses an existential threat to democracy and human nature as it subordinates people to ever more pervasive forms of social control and "instrumentarian power."
Surveillance Capitalism is a book that transcends disciplinary boundaries, and it will be read with great interest by sociologists, psychologists, economists and political scientists alike. Zuboff does an apt job of illuminating a new mode of capital accumulation, and the efficacy of her presentation in large part derives from clearly indicating the ways in which surveillance capitalism both resembles and diverges from forms of accumulation under industrial capitalism. For instance, Zuboff proposes that if General Motors and Ford were the paradigmatic examples of industrial capitalism and mass production, Google and Facebook are the poster children of surveillance capitalism. In fact, the bulk of her analysis stems from closely examining the business practices of these two corporations.
However, after making my way through the 525 pages that compose the main body of this hefty text, certain questions plague me, What specifically are anthropologists supposed to do with this timely and important book? How can Zuboff's analysis further anthropological studies of capitalism? And how might anthropogists' ethnographic studies both complement and complicate some of Zuboff findings? These central questions inform this review.
The Foundations of Surveillance Capitalism and the Discovery of Behavioral Surplus
Part I of Zuboff's book is devoted to exploring the foundations of surveillance capitalism. Zuboff argues that surveillance capitalism emerged in the context of two significant historical developments: the development of a "second modernity" that valued individuality and self-empowerment over the maintenance and fostering of traditional ties of kinship and community, and the spread of a neoliberal habitat. Neoliberalism, she argues, provided a fertile bed for the emergence of surveillance capitalism in two ways. First, a corporate culture that frowned upon government regulation and that replaced the social contract between corporations and their workers was fostered, with a commitment to aggressively pursuing shareholder value. This enabled corporations such as Google and Facebook to make increased profit margins their first priority and to rapidly expand their modes of surveillance capitalism with little oversight from the government. Second, she contends that neoliberal economic reforms exacerbated the economic and social insecurities of "second modernity" citizens, which in turn made them more amenable to the persuasions of "an advocacy-oriented digital capital- ism" (46). By promising information and human connections at one's fingertips, Google and Facebook thus pitched themselves as a palliative to the instability and insecurity of neoliberal life.
While these were the historical conditions in which surveillance capitalism emerged, the conceptual foundations of surveillance capitalism rested upon "the discovery of behavioral surplus" (91). Zuboff proposes that the concept of behavioral surplus was in large part the "brain-child" of Google's former chief economist Hal Varian and Stanford data-mining expert Amit Patel. Varian and Patel realized that the computers that mediate an ever-increasing proportion of our interactions can also be put to other purposes such as "data extraction and analysis" and "personalization and customization," and they can be used to establish new contractual forms because of better monitoring" (65). Initially companies such as Google used this insight to improve the services they offered, but in the wake of the dot-com crisis at the dawn of the 20th century, such companies began to "intensify hidden processes aimed at the ex- traction of behavioral data and personal information" and to sell the "digital exhaust" of their internet users to advertisers (88).
Thus, Zuboff argues that if the secret of profit during industrial capitalism hinged on the expropriation of surplus labor, the secret of profit in the age of surveillance capitalism increasingly hinges on the expropriation of behavior. "Within less than four years," she notes, Google's discovery of behavioral surplus "had produced a stunning 3,590 percent increase with revenues leaping from $347 million in 2002, to $3.2 billion in 2004, the year the company went public" (87). This leads Zuboff to conclude that "the discovery of behavioral surplus marks a critical turning point not only in Google's biography but also in the history of capitalism" (91).
Anthropologists have been remarkably creative in their ethnographic studies of capitalism; however, the "discovery of behavioral surplus" also suggests the need for a "turning point." When it comes to understanding surveillance capitalism, Zuboff's analysis indicates that Silicon Valley, as anthropologist Shalini Shankar notes, may be as fertile and necessary a field site as Wall Street.3 The culture, ethos and worldview of this now incredibly powerful techno-elite are as important to explore as the set of visions and assumptions that drove bankers on Wall Street to embrace liquidation as the dominant model of doing business.4 Zuboff does mention the "fast money culture of privilege" that permeates Silicon Valley. But as her study is primarily based on interviews and analyzing documents and texts, the reader does not come away with the feel of the culture or people that have so clearly shaped the emergence of surveillance capitalism. For instance, as recent newspaper articles have chronicled, why are "the high priests" of surveillance capital- ism reportedly the people who are most keen on prohibiting their children from using technology or increasingly sending them to unplugged sleep-away camps? Why are the very people who have purportedly achieved total control over society also buying parcels of land in New Zealand in case "the grid goes down" or disaster strikes? Why are almost all of the surveillance capitalists whom Zuboff features in her account men? What do they do with their time when they are not reaping the fruits of negative reciprocity and selling unsuspecting internet users' data for profit? What kind of ethos permeates institutions such as Singularity University or the MIT Media Lab, where according to Zuboff "some of surveillance capitalism's most valuable capabilities and applications, from data mining to wearable technologies, were invented" (206)? To pursue such questions is not just to push the envelope of ethnographic curiosities. It is also to align oneself with a valuable theoretical perspective. For as anthropologists have long demonstrated, the (re)production of power, whether it be elite power or labor power, is very much a matter of culture.5 Even though the machinations of surveillance capitalism seem to suggest a world where people are increasingly subordinated to the workings of algorithms, computer science and big data, at the end of the day, as Zuboff herself emphasizes, what allows surveillance capitalism to achieve such dominance in society is not the technology per se but rather the people who decide toward what ends it should be used.
The Advance of Surveillance Capitalism and Rendition from the Depths
Aside from redirecting the anthropological gaze to new research sites and populations, Zuboff's book also invites anthropologists to reconsider issues that have long animated the study of capitalism—namely, space and
time. In Marx's original formulation, both were central to the workings of capital accumulation. Writing in the age of Industrial Capitalism he observed that capitalism is an economic system that draws all nations into its ambit in its ceaseless pursuit for profits and new markets. In the age of surveillance capitalism, the colonizing dynamics of capital accumulation are still in play, but according to Zuboff they take on new forms. Zuboff devotes Part II of her book to exploring how the quest for behavioral surplus leads surveillance capitalism to increasingly colonize more and more parts of our lives and reality. She describes this as an act of "rendition." "Rendition," she writes, "describes the concrete operational practices through which … human experience is claimed as raw material for datafication and all that follows, from manufacturing to sales" (233). No longer satisfied with selling digital crumbs or "exhaust" generated from our internet searches, companies such as Google now find ways to get into our neighborhoods, our cars, and even our homes so they can track and mine ever more information to be sold for profit.
Thus, if the factory floor was where Marx witnessed and chronicled the expropriation of surplus labor, in the age of surveillance capitalism all of these spaces—neighbor- hoods, cars, homes, and even selves—be- come ripe for anthropologists to study the extractive practices of surveillance capitalism. Indeed, an anthropology of surveillance capitalism should not just be focused on studying elites. Also needed is careful and sustained ethnographic inquiry into the way that everyday people live with these new extractive technologies, relate to them, become habituated to them and, yes, even resist them.
According to Zuboff, surveillance capital- ism also radically reconfigures our relation- ship to time. Time has long been central to the study of capitalism. For Marx, it was at the heart of his theory of surplus value. "Moments," he famously wrote, "are the elements of profit" (366). Indeed, in Marx's analysis the secret of profit hinged on the capitalists stealing time from the laborer.
In surveillance capitalism, by contrast, profit is accrued by influencing the future behaviors of "the army" of behavioral surplus. As Zuboff argues, the technologies of surveillance capitalism are intended not just to track our behavior; their ultimate purpose is to shape it. Surveillance capitalism, Zuboff contends, is animated by the "prediction imperative." "Its aim is to produce behavior that reliably, definitively, and certainly leads to desired commercial results," and it relies upon a host of "herding" and "nudging" practices to do so (201). Zuboff explains the more damning con- sequence of this: In its capacity to increasingly shape our behavior, surveillance capitalism ultimately automates us. Zuboff writes,
I suggest that we now face the moment in history when the elemental right to the future tense is endangered by a panvasive digital architecture of behavior modification owned and operated by surveillance capital, necessitated by its economic imperatives, and driven by its laws of motion, all for the sake of its guaranteed outcomes. (331)
Zuboff's observation is interesting in part because recently a number of anthropologists have been chronicling the ways that a right to the future, or even the capacity to imagine one, has become increasingly imperiled for economically marginalized people enduring the dislocations and violence of global capitalism.6 This work has shown how the collapse of a future is linked to practices of exclusion, which literally and figuratively push people off the social and digital grid and preclude them from connected spaces. Whereas Zuboff views the collapse of the future as a product of human beings becoming increasingly "automated" by Big Other, anthropologists remind us that the age, or rather domain, of surveillance capitalism does not include all. Some cannot even access the "panvasive digital architecture" and thereby afford "the chains" of their own domination. In a work so passionately concerned with the issue of dispossession, Zuboff's omission of this reality is a bit surprising, and it raises the question, Where do the truly "dispossessed" fit into Zuboff's model of surveillance capitalism? How does surveillance capitalism feed off of or articulate with other forms of capitalist extraction? For as anthropologist Mary Gray and computer scientist Siddarth Suri remind us in their equally important book Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass, "the human labor powering" the digital infrastructure of Big Other, "can be hard to see—in fact, it's often intentionally hidden."7 Moreover, if, as Zuboff predicts, the world will be increasingly organized and automated through the workings of Big Other, then what will that mean for those who fall outside its reach?
Instrumentarian Power for a Third Modernity
Perhaps this omission is related to the fact that Zuboff would like nothing more than to see a future where spaces beyond Big Other exist. Autonomy, freedom, privacy, willpower, self-direction—these are the values being sacrificed upon the alter of surveillance capitalism, and Zuboff devotes the final section of her book to exploring what this will mean for our human future. Indeed, the final section poses some of the most interesting questions about the way surveillance capitalism stands to create a radically new kind of human subject.
Zuboff's analysis is animated by a long- standing sociological appreciation for the way that particular forms of capitalism require particular kinds of subjects. If the Fordist mode of production gave rise to David Riesman's "other-directed" man, and the regime of flexible accumulation led Richard Sennett to speculate on "the corrosion of character," for Zuboff, surveillance capitalism is giving rise to a generation of "outside-looking-in" selves (447). Reared in the world of social media, Zuboff proposes that these "digital natives" come to experience the self and their value from the outside perspective of others. "How will this look on Instagram?" "What can I do to get more likes on my Facebook page?" "If I lose my cell phone or social media access, do I still exist?" These questions haunt the young subjects of surveillance capitalism, and Zuboff argues that the effects are crippling, creating a generation of people who no longer have the capacity to "establish a self that is separate from but still connected to others" (453).
Here again, Zuboff's analysis is insightful, but her findings call out for further ethnographic research. How might anthropologists study the way surveillance capitalism is producing new subjectivities? How do we ethnographically capture the making of a new kind of human? For ultimately that is what is at stake here. And yet, while Zuboff understands this as a sociological insight (i.e., that human nature is socially constructed), she also laments it as a social critic. From the very first page of her book, right through to the end, Zuboff warns that surveillance capitalism is "as significant a threat to human nature in the twenty-first century as industrial capitalism was to the natural world in the nineteenth and twentieth" (1).
I appreciate and share Zuboff's concern about what is to become of our species, and to be honest I am equally terrified by the potential implications and consequences of surveillance capitalism. However, it seems more anthropologically sensible to suggest that surveillance capitalism, like all of the forms of capitalism that have come before it, will not destroy our human nature, but rather it will transform it. Human beings, as Marx himself pointed out long ago, are the kind of species who produce their own nature, and as their modes of production change, so too do their needs and their understandings of the "meaning of human requirements" (93). Attending to these transformations ethno- graphically is yet another way that anthropologists can further contribute to the study of surveillance capitalism.
Breaking the Cycle of Negative Reciprocity
Zuboff does a masterful job laying bare the hidden laws of motion that structure the workings of surveillance capitalism. She has opened our eyes to what many of us perhaps already intuited but didn't have a technical language to describe. In the age of surveillance capitalism, we, the users of Big Other, provide the behavioral fodder or surplus for companies that sell/steal our data and our lives so that they, in turn, can reap unprecedented profits. Although corporations such as Google try to persuade us that the relationship is based on mutual interest and goodwill, the truth is that yet again, capitalism—this time, surveillance capitalism—is predicated upon a sustained negative reciprocity: the attempt to get something of great value by giving as little as possible in return.
It is time to break the cycle of negative reciprocity. Indeed, in their book Surviving the Machine Age, Kevin Le Grandeur and James Hughes propose that one way to accomplish this could come from charging companies such as Google for the use of our data. But anthropologists can also help. Zuboff has laid bare the "hidden laws of motion" that animate the world of surveillance capitalism; she has provided a map to navigate this new world of capital accumulation and extraction. Now it is time for anthropologists to reciprocate the generosity of her gift by producing detailed ethnographic accounts of the way that surveillance capitalism is lived, felt, experienced and, we hope, even resisted by those it seeks to dominate.
Marcel Mauss, The Gift: The Form and Rea- son for Exchange (London: W.W. Norton, 1925).
Marshall Sahlins, Stone Age Economics (Chicago: Aldine, 1972).
Shalini Shankar, Desi Land: Teen Culture, Class, and Success in Silicon Valley (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008).
Karen Ho, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009).
5. Paul Willis, Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982).
Jason De Leon, The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019); Craig Jeffrey, Time Pass: Youth, Class, and the Politics of Waiting in India (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010); Bruce O'Neill, The Space of Boredom: Homelessness in the Slowing Global Order (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017); and Noelle Stout, Dispossessed: How Predatory Bureaucracy Foreclosed on the American Middle Class (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019).
Mary Gray and Suri Siddharth, Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017), ix.
Le Grandeur, Kevin and James Hughes. Surviving the Machine Age: Intelligent Technology and the Future of Human Work. New York: Palgrave Mac- millan, 2017.
Marx, Karl. The Marx-Engels Reader: Second Edi- tion, edited by Robert Tucker. New York: Norton & Company, 1978.
Riesman, David. The Lonely Crowd. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1950. Sennett, Richard. The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism. New York: Norton, 1998.
Jenny Huberman is a cultural anthropologist at the University of Missouri–Kansas City. She is the author of Ambivalent Encounters: Childhood, Tourism, and Social Change in Banaras, India (Rutgers University Press, 2012) and Transhumanism: From Ancestors to Avatars (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming). She is currently working on a new book entitled The Spirit of Digital Capitalism. The book explores how digital technologies are making possible new forms of capital accumulation, extraction and domination, and it examines the ideologies that are used to justify the machinations of digital capitalism.
contact@anthronow.com


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Radioactive substances can enter the body in three ways: with food and water in the gastrointestinal tract, through the lungs and skin. The most important and potentially dangerous is inhalation intake of radionuclides. This is facilitated by the enormous respiratory surface of the alveoli, whose area is ~ 100 m2 (50 times more than the surface of the skin). Air radioactivity may be due
Sanitary assessment of meat and other products in case of their damage by radioactive and toxic substances
The purpose of the lesson: To study the sanitary assessment of livestock products affected by radioactive and toxic substances. Objectives: 1. Familiarize yourself with the activities carried out with animals with the destruction of their nuclear weapons 2. Study the methods of deactivating livestock products 3. Familiarize with the activities carried out with animals with the defeat their toxic substances
Heart disease in diabetes
The term "diabetic cardiomyopathy" was first proposed in 1954 to refer to cardiac changes preceding IHD. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of metabolic cardiomyopathy in diabetes is multifactorial, damage to the cardiovascular system is caused by complex metabolic disorders arising in connection with absolute or relative insulin deficiency and disorder
Pathology of interstitial protein metabolism (disturbance of amino acid metabolism)
The main ways of interstitial protein metabolism are reactions of transamination, deamination, amidation, decarboxylation, peremetilirovaniya, re-sulfurization. The central place in the interstitial protein metabolism is occupied by the transamination reaction as the main source of the formation of new amino acids. Violation of transamination may occur as a result of deficiency in the body of vitamin Wb.
Do electrolyte disturbances occur with other methods of supravesical urine diversion?
The risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is lower if the segment of the intestine is used as a urethra and not a urine reservoir. The prevalence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after ureterosigostomy reaches 80%. New improved techniques for creating an artificial urine reservoir (for example, a Kok pouch or an Indiana pouch) allowed
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Concentrations of carbon monoxide in rainwater collected at widely diverse locations show up to a 200-fold supersaturation relative to the partial pressure of the gas in the atmosphere. These results indicate the existence of an additional natural source of carbon monoxide not heretofore considered. Production of carbon monoxide in clouds is tentatively attributed to the photochemical oxidation of organic matter or the slight dissociation of carbon dioxide induced by electrical discharges, or both. Methane concentrations measured in the same rainwater show that the partitioning of this gas, unlike that of carbon monoxide, is very close to a state of equilibrium.
15987097 - Electrochemical sensing based on redox mediation at carbon nanotubes.
22030747 - Unraveling how probiotic yogurt works.
1948097 - Rheumatoid arthritis, food, and allergy.
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Morgan Dixson, 40 (left), and Vanessa Garrison, 39, co-founded GirlTrek in 2012 with the goal of helping women get active. (photo: Annabel Mehran)
Culture Opinion
The New Icons
The Trailblazers: Morgan Dixon and Vanessa Garrison
Cofounders of Girltrek
Erin Berger
"There's a question that we have to ask each other as women, and black women in particular," Morgan Dixon says. "Are you worth 30 minutes a day?"
When Dixon cofounded the Washington, D.C., nonprofit GirlTrek in 2012 with Vanessa Garrison, the two had only one goal: to get women to walk for 30 minutes each day. Now nearly 100,000 walkers strong, GirlTrek is a forceful national health campaign.
The XX Factor Issue
Our special issue highlights the athletes, activists, and icons who have shaped the outside world.
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Dixon and Garrison met while working at an investment bank during college. After graduating, they were balancing family life with hectic jobs in education and digital media, respectively, when they challenged each other to take half an hour each day for self-care.
Though all are welcome, GirlTrek focuses on African American women, who are the highest-educated demographic in the U.S., according to the Department of Education, and also the least likely to spend their free time on physical activity. As Garrison and Dixon point out, that's because they're too busy juggling work, family, and community.
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Eighty-two percent of African American women are over a healthy weight, and 44 percent have hypertension. Speaking about her own experience as the first member of her family to earn a graduate degree, Dixon says, "There's a lot of pressure on black women to stand up and really be contributing members of society. We're advocating for the church, we're at PTA meetings, so what looks like leisure time for most Americans ends up not being leisure time for us."
GirlTrek has been endorsed by Michelle Obama's Let's Move campaign, and Dixon and Garrison say their mission resonates because they offer a practical way to get outside while respecting nonstop schedules. They focus on a major reason people form healthy habits—because it feels good. "If you look at decades of the conversation about health in this country, for women specifically, it's been, How do you look in skinny jeans? GirlTrek is asking, How do you feel? Do you have time for yourself?" Garrison says. "It's especially radical for women to talk about health in that way."
"We hope to model this for our daughters and change the very fabric of our families," Dixon adds.
The pair are unveiling a new goal for 2018: to have one million women pledge to get outdoors and prioritize their mental and physical wellness, if only for 30 minutes a day. Many GirlTrek participants end up trying new activities like hiking, mountain biking, exploring public lands, and planting rooftop gardens. "Joy is inception," Garrison says. "GirlTrek is fortunate to work with one of the most untapped resources in America: women who have made time for what lights them up."
From Outside Magazine, May 2017
Lead photo: Annabel Mehran
The Soul Surfer: Emily Erickson
By: Shelby Stanger
The Conqueror: Lindsey Vonn
By: Axie Navas
The Superhero: Diana Nyad
By: Stephanie Pearson
The Bright Light: Mira Rai
By: Katie Arnold


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And once you had been performing so 10-12 hours a day for weeks on end the thought of that time you'd already sunk into it made it rather difficult to stop. Combine this with the fact that missing a single day could put you back a full week of progress and you've got some pretty bad mojo going on.It may be argued that the Vanilla PvP honor rating system attested a lot of the negative perceptions about the MMO scene and video game addiction generally at the time. IMO it would be an error to reinstate it.
While this might be a change for the better,leveling in Classic will most certainly be different than leveling in Vanilla. In addition to sharding making the beginner zones much more friendly to the hordes and hordes of players storming the gates when Classic comes out, theVanilla leveling process has been studied thoroughly since the game came out 14years ago. Since then, not only have players leveled multiple alts and characters through the beginning zones in Vanilla, but they have done so on a multitude of private servers intended to have the most 'Blizzlike' experience. So while leveling a character from 1 to 60 will still be a long, arduous process, it will no longer be marred by mistakes made by players going from zone to zone, continent to continent, searching desperately for a place to level. The zones and routes have been thoroughly mapped out by the Vanilla WoW community at large, and with the internet being much more robust in 2019, that information is just a google search away. Is that a bad thing? I would venture to say that it isn't, as knowing where to go and what to do doesn't make it any less challenging and time consuming. It does take away from that exploration aspect,however. You might not have those moments of wandering into Feralas for the first time, or running from Storm wind to Strangle thorn just for the hell of it,or getting lost trying to get to Iron forge from Darnassus on a fresh Night elf.No, those moments, just like many fond memories of Vanilla, are lost in time.
Blizzard has put out a 'not a bug' list that covers many commonly-reported features that seem strange to players, such as players and NPCs that are feared running faster, and quest objectives not being tracked on the map or minimap. Respawn rates for creatures is much slower than it is in Battle for Azeroth, and this is intentional – it reflects the respawn rate in the World of Warcraft version 1.12.
Where to get materials and reagents you may ask? Buy for cheap off farmers in bulk or track Auction House lots. Get in touch with most big sellers. Communication is important here, send a whisper or write them a letter. It would be good for both of you to establish business relationships. Constant suppliers and buyers is convenient for both parties to save the time and effort.
In terms of what the World of Warcraft Classic Best Classes are, Warrior and Priest stand out almost instantly. This is partly due to the fact that Protection Warrior is the only viable Tank Class in WoW Vanilla Patch 1.12. Both the Proc Warrior and Priest are required for Raids and when combined in a PVP setting can be a fierce combo on the battlegrounds.
Earning gold in World of Warcraft: Classic is all about optimizing your spendings. Back in the day, your character's skills were acquired from a trainer, using money. Don't just buy everything he or she offers! Read the skill descriptions and be mindful about them. Quite a few characters can live through the levelling process without learning some of their utility or damage spells. These won't go anywhere and you'll be able to learn them later on.
Hey folks! I've got a small update here to help quell some of the rumors and let you know where we are at for WoW Classic. We recently began a phase of internal employee alpha testing. The new build data that many of you have been discussing over the last few days is simply part of this process. Phases like this allow us to test out the game content along with other functionality that will be used in the live game, like logging in through the Blizzard Battle.net 175 App.
To get past these hurdles, the team looked at what we liked (art and data) of what we had and what we didn't like (the code). We wanted to see if we could utilize classic art assets and data within our modern code and get things to play nicely together. Things didn't quite work right out of the gate, but with some trial and error, we were able to pull together a proof of concept of how to get things to work together and have something playable. This built our confidence that we could deliver a Blizzard-quality experience with the modern platform.
Nov 15 Skeletons RIP Please allow skeletons of dead players to Rest In Peace. Witnessing the aftermath of a city / town raid and seeing a blanket of bones that told a story of how the battle went down, really helped add to the MMORPG feel. I did not play the "demo" but reports say that skeletons disappear fairly quick. #nochangesMakinb17CEDC26	Nov 15
Greetings! Development of World of Warcraft Classic is underway, and we're very excited to share some of the challenges and solutions we're working on. As we mentioned last BlizzCon, the process of restoring the classic game is not straightforward, and it's important to us to take the time and effort to get it right—this includes poring over numerous game versions, data, and code; meticulously scrutinizing all the changes we've made over the years. Rest assured: The WoW Classic team is hard at work making it a reality, and we're at a point in development where we're ready to share some of the things we've been working on.
As of right now, there is no official exact release date, aside from confirmation of summer 2019. It is expected to hit the internet roughly mid-July, or possibly in August. Something as highly anticipated as WoW Classic could launch with weeks of notice and still break records. As of April 21st 2019, World of Warcraft Classic has entered internal employee alpha testing.
The World of Warcraft is going back to its roots with WoW Classic. Giving players the chance to return to the game as it was around the time of its launch, WoW Classic is set to launch worldwide on August 27. However, ahead of its imminent release, the team at Blizzard are offering a closed beta test for WoW Classic, and we've got all the details players need to jump in on the action.
To gain gold in World of Warcraft, you will primarily be grinding professions which are fantastic for receiving rewards. Mining is an example of a great profession at an early-game level. While Herbalism is actually the best gathering profession, the issue is it uses consumables which can make the profession rather costly, with the investment required.
Players will start from level 1 and will progress through level 60 with real, Blizzlike x1 rates. Old PvP battlegrounds are: Warsong Gulch, Arathi Basin and the famous 40vs40 players Alterac Valley where battles were known to last more than 24 hours. 20 and 40 man raids will be available for Molten Core, Zul Gurub, Blackwing Lair, Ahn'Qiraj 20 & 40 and the original Naxxramas raid in the Eastern Plaguelands.


Men going thin on top may be more likely to have heart problems than their friends with a full head of hair, according to researchers in Japan.
Their study of nearly 37,000 people, published in the online journal BMJ Open, said balding men were 32% more likely to have coronary heart disease.
However, the researchers said the risks were less than for smoking or obesity.
The British Heart Foundation said men should focus on their waistline, not their hairline.
to your waistline than your hairline"
Dr Tomohide Yamada, of the University of Tokyo, told the BBC: "We found a significant, though modest, link between baldness, at least on the top of the head, and risk for coronary heart disease.
"We thought this is a link, but not as strong as many other known links such as smoking, obesity, cholesterol levels and blood pressure."
However, he said there was not enough evidence to suggest screening bald men for heart problems.
Doireann Maddock, a cardiac nurse with the British Heart Foundation, said: "Although these findings are interesting, men who've lost their hair should not be alarmed by this analysis.
"Much more research is needed to confirm any link between male pattern baldness and an increased risk of coronary heart disease. In the meantime, it's more important to pay attention to your waistline than your hairline.
"Hereditary hair loss may be out of your control, but many of the risk factors for coronary heart disease are not. Stopping smoking, maintaining a healthy weight and being as active as possible are all things that you can do to help protect your heart."
Patrick Wolfe, a professor of statistics at University College London, said: "Right now the link that is seemingly responsible for this relative risk increase is not well understood, and so in future we might look forward to a day when understanding more about the various mechanisms underlying heart disease will tell us more about those underlying male pattern baldness, and vice versa.
"In the meantime it's a case of focusing on the things that we can control - our diet, exercise regimens and other risk factors - to lower our overall risk for heart disease."


Sylvester Mensah has said that the issue of leadership in the National Democratic Congress is bigger than any of the perceived hopefuls and individual members of the party.
In response to a question on him stepping aside for former President Mahama to lead the party again into the 2020 election, he maintained that the vacant position of party flagbearer is no individual's property.
He noted that some party members speak as though the position of party flagbearer belongs to one person with other people who contest, wanting to take what's not theirs.
When Mr. Mensah, who is acclaimed as a decisive leader by some members of the NDC was asked when he took the decision to contest the flabearership position, he drew an analogy between politics and the military and explained that if new officers are being commissioned into the military, they are admonished to aspire to rise to the position of Chief of Defense Staff but not to shoot the occupant in order to assume the role.
Mr. Sylvester Mensah also added that calls from some party faithful across the country for him to lead the party into the 2020 elections also contributed to his decision to 'apply for the job', as he sees the opportunity as a ''job to be done but not a position to be filled''.
He observed that even though it is the right of everyone to aspire to such power over the allocation of resources. Ghanaians are God's people and it is only God who can give that power to the one he deems fit to serve his people.


The Hawkeye 80-Lumen LED flashlight projects a beam of intense light more the 100 feet, making it perfect for situations with little to no light. Durable, rugged anodized aluminum alloy construction with rubber grip features a barrel-mounted push-button switch for ease of use. O-ring sealed for protection against dust and moisture. Includes 2 convenient interchangeable lenses, blue and red, which reside in the tail cap of the flashlight. Durable, heavy-duty canvas storage pouch with belt holster clip for convenient carry and storage. Pewter/black. Operates on 3 AAA cell batteries (included).
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A federal judge rejected a proposal to merge University of Baltimore into Morgan State.
A U.S. District Court judge rejected Tuesday a proposal to merge the University of Baltimore into Morgan State University, calling it "extreme."
Judge Catherine C. Blake is overseeing the mediation between a coalition of representatives of the state's historically black colleges and the Maryland Higher Education Commission. The coalition of HBCU representatives alleged that the state had systematically underfunded historically black colleges and that traditionally white colleges had unfairly duplicated their programs.
In 2013, Blake ruled that there had been unfair program duplication and urged the parties to enter mediation to determine a solution.
Blake wrote in an order Tuesday that an evidentiary hearing would be necessary to determine the appropriate remedies. She wrote that the state's proposals to address the duplication were "neither adequate nor sufficiently specific," but said the coalition's ideas for creating niche areas of program concentration in high-demand fields "appear promising but need more thorough discussion."
An attorney for the coalition did not return a phone call late Tuesday.
Blake wrote that the coalition's proposal to have Morgan take over UB "would not be considered further."
"It is apparent from the current record that such a merger is neither educationally sound nor practicable; any numerical benefit as to the racial identifiability of the resulting student body would be outweighed by its academic and financial cost," she wrote.
Morgan State University President David Wilson said the state "missed an important opportunity to correct a major flaw in its higher education system around the city of Baltimore.
"In her ruling, Judge Blake recommended that mechanisms should be put in place to ensure program duplication would not occur again. It seems to me that merging UB into Morgan State University would be a viable strategy to bring about that outcome."
UB president Kurt L. Schmoke said in a statement that he was pleased with the judge's decision. "We look forward to working with all parties to resolve the complex issues that are now before the court," he said.
An earlier version misstated how the entities' proposals were described in the judge's order. The Sun regrets the error.


This curriculum is for those students who enter Rice for the 2018-19 academic year and beyond.
Students must choose one of the following three concentrations and complete the minimum required credit hours from that track.
This curriculum is for those students who entered Rice for the 2016-17 academic year and beyond.
This curriculum is for current Sport Management majors. Students who are currently on this curriculum and would like to follow the new curriculum need to email Dr. Haptonstall, department chair, to get this switch approved. (Students who enter Rice for the 2016-17 academic year must follow the new curriculum as stated above.


The Razer Goliathus Speed Omega is now available in Philippines. The cheapest Razer Goliathus Speed Omega price in Philippines is ₱ 99.00 from Lazada. Razer Goliathus Speed Omega price details are updated April 2019.


Roppel Industries was founded in 1947 by brothers Virgil and John Roppel, both of whom had recently returned from active duty in World War II. The company began as a two man radiator repair facility and through hard work and superior customer service evolved into the multistate company it has become today. By the 1960's, Roppel had begun both the manufacturing and distribution of radiator cores along with other heat transfer products.
In the late seventies the second generation of the Roppel family entered the industry with Virgil's son Tom opening the company's first branch warehouse in Columbus, Ohio in 1977. John's son, Kevin joined the family business in 1979 when he opened the company's first branch retail service facility in Middletown, Ky. a suburb of Louisville.
The third generation of Roppel family management is currently in progress with the addition of Ryan and Corey Roppel, both sons of Tom and grandsons of Virgil. After both graduated from the University of Kentucky the young men worked their way up through the company; Ryan by opening and managing the Knoxville, Tn. distribution facility and Corey by managing the retail stores, especially the radiator service center. Both are currently in the corporate office where Ryan is now the vice president of wholesale operations and Corey is vice president of wholesale sales.
Roppel Industries currently consists of three retail service locations, two heat transfer service and repair facilities, a Bosch / Robinair warranty service center and nine warehouse distribution centers. The warehouses are spread across Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio and Indiana. With over one hundred employees and a fleet of over seventy five vehicles along with various contracting delivery services, Roppel's is well positioned to get the correct product to the right place at the needed time. Roppel Industries offers same or next day service to almost anywhere.
The B to B service offerings of Roppel Industries have also evolved over the years. Roppel's still offers radiator repair and replacement but now those services have expanded into literally anything that transfers heat! From the smallest heater core or transmission cooler to huge Komatsu and Caterpillar radiators. We service, repair and replace hydraulic, engine and transmission coolers, gensets and condensing units to mention just a few of the myriad of heat transfer products available for service.


The practice of mentorship is still to find its proper way into the Indian education system even when the strategy is known to have helped almost 4.5 million students worldwide in some form or the other. The task of a mentor is to guide an entire institution, step in with experience when things go off-track or lay the right foundation from the very beginning so that the entire academic structure can run in a manner that would benefit the whole society. A mentor in school can be anyone but having a separate post altogether shows the determination of the institute to prioritise education.
So, what difference does it make to have a separate mentor? Why do the best CBSE schools in Delhi Gurgaon always have a veteran educator on board? The answers are so obvious that they often skip the logical mind and the pros of the post tend to go neglected. The entire educational ambiance of a school changes with a mentor on the team as help is always available wherever necessary.
Everyone benefits, directly or indirectly. An experienced academician can help the school management to invest in the right infrastructures, design a proper curriculum and maintain an efficient hierarchical flow among the entire staff. Similarly, the school's faculty can have individual or group discussions with the mentor to sharpen their teaching skills, understand the needs of the students better and get improved resources for their specific subjects. Lastly, the students can be exposed to the vast knowledge of the mentor either via direct interaction or trickling down from the management and the teachers above.
Guidance from the school's mentor appears in both tangible and intangible ways. Libraries will have better books, classrooms will have better information. The entire school functions at a levelthat is higher than the normal merely due to the presence of an experienced mentor. Everyone knows about the mistakes they cannot make, identifies the right paths before the journey and follows a curriculum that is only beneficial. The mentor is seasoned by the industry over the years. He/she will naturally keep the next generation away from the known loopholes.
Nothing moves forward without a destination. The mark of a top institute in the list of CBSE primary schools in Gurgaon lies in the fact that the teachers approach a classroom specifically based on the student's requirement. Education can be inquiry-based but the teachers must ask the right questions. The motive might be to impart skills, but the teachers should identify the learning and connecting capacity of each student. Such an intuition can only come from experience and the wealth is always available in the form of the school mentor. With the invaluable guidance, teachers can direct their information in the right manner, in a way the students can consume.
The same concept applies to the students as well who will continuously seek the purpose of education while moving forward through the grades. Every class will bring a new set of choices for the children and they will start picking their favourite subjects and decide on a career. A mentor's help is very much required during thisphase to clear out the confusions and make informed decisions. Students can take their questions to the mentor to understand their choices, explore their options and pick a path they feel is suited for them. A mentor, without any added responsibility of the school, can give each student the necessary time to discuss and the child is sure to come out enlightened.
The mentor can turn the students to future leaders. Current teachers can gather experience and become future mentors. School's management will always have an educational perspective in their decision-making and the institution will grow to unattainable heights. The impact a mentor on-board will be visible from outside in the school's performance, enthusiasm and ambitions. Students will willingly come to school, teachers will take their passion to teach and every other staff will work around to make the institution a better place. The core educational axis will be solid with the mentor serving as the vital links.
And The Paras World School India, featuring as the top 3 schools in Gurgaon, identified the value of having a mentor from the very beginning. Veteran educator and teacher, Ms. Paramjit K. Narang, is available on-board of the TPWSI team in her full capacity as a guide to the entire institute. Her experience in the educational field is vast, expanding over 40 long years, and she brings her entire wealth of expertise to the school's premises. Naturally, such schools are beneficial for all students and teachers alike as the umbrella over them is unmatched.


TD's business strategy is to produce long-term, profitable growth by building strong franchises and delivering value to customers, shareholders and the broader community.
Message from the CEO: CR Report page 1.
Economic Value: CR Report page 17.
FS–EC1 Value of community investment program, investments by theme, geographical area, time and motivation.
Community Investment: CR Report page 48-51.
Adapting to a Changing Climate: CR Report page 37.
TD's submission to the Carbon Disclosure Project – publicly available through their website.
G4–EC3 Coverage of the organizations defined benefit plan obligations.
TD's benefit programs aim to ensure that employees have a comprehensive safety net of essential protection in the event of a death, disability or a serious illness and to help them provide for their retirement.
DMA Describe work done to understand indirect economic impacts.
Economic Value - Direct and Indirect Impacts: CR Report page 17.
Materiality Matrix: CR Report page 9.
Ways we listen to stakeholders.
Sourcing: CR Report page 55.
Tax Policy: CR Report page 57.
Natural Capital: CR Report page 36.
G4–EC7 Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services supported.
Affordable Housing: CR Report page 53.
Impacts of Commercial Investment are reported through projects evaluated under the Equator Principles and also through our lending to Clean Tech companies.
TD Green Bond: CR Report page 46.
G4-EC8 Significant indirect economic impacts including the extent of impacts.
Strengthening Communities: CR Report page 48-54 provides an overview of the impacts of TD's giving, including in-kind donations and volunteered hours.
Sourcing: CR Report page 55 shows the impact of TD's Responsible Procurement Policy and our programs for diverse suppliers.
Access to Banking: CR Report page 23 shows how TD is working to improve access to banking services for different populations, including new immigrants.
Affordable Housing: CR Report page 53 shows how TD is reinvesting in our local communities to provide housing options for low-to-moderate income individuals.
Tax Policy: CR Report page 57 provides an overview of the taxes we pay and collect.


This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged depression, health, mentalhealth. Bookmark the permalink.
← If you find yourself on a deserted island….
I have that hope too!!!
It is fascinating where we carry our repressed feelings. I'm a big believer that everything goes somewhere. May the negativity be fully dissipated into outer space.


With Canvas learning management system, you can easily develop blended or online trainings. The integration with your course administration software and your website ensures that students have direct access to the online learning environment.
Canvas is an open source online learning environment developed in 2011 by the American developer Instructure with one major purpose: to online learning environment must be easy to use for both trainers as well as students. This goal is pursued in all aspects of the platform making learning more fun, efficient and easier. At the moment Canvas has 20 million users all over the world.
Canvas makes it possible to communicate with the course group to inform students of course dates or homework. You can communicate with the entire course group, a selection of the group or one student. Students can even communicate with each other to discuss lessons. Everything is possible with the communication tool of Canvas.
Examine your students' knowledge with assignments and tests. Automatically evaluate or submit written and audio feedback.
Do you want a course presented several times to different student? Copy your course with one click. Do you want to create different groups in one course? All this is possible with the online learning management system Canvas.
Simply check the progress of your students. What work have they done? What are the result? Canvas learning management software allows you to help them when necessary.
We customize Canvas to your corporate identity. Canvas online learning management software provides you with a personalized platform.
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Takeover Lease on 2018 Audi A3 Sportback e-tron Premium. Seller Offering $870 cash incentive to get out of lease. 23 months left on contract. $399.95 p/month applying cash incentive to contractual payment , total miles allowed on lease is 22,506 (750 miles p/month). This Audi lease is located in Los Angeles, CA 90069 - Shipping and Inspection Service are available upon request.


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text:
Q: list comprehension expression error I am trying to solve this,
lst = [['1','2','3'], ['1','2','3','4']]

print [ls for ls in lst if (len(ls)==3) ls.insert(2,"Null")]

But it gave the following error,
 [ls for ls in lst if (len(ls)==3) ls.insert(2, 'null')]
                                       ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A: Using List Comprehension for Side effect is a bad idea. You should use Loop for your purpose
First your syntax is wrong
[ls for ls in lst if (len(ls)==3) ls.insert(2, 'null')]

should had been written (lets ignore the bad-idea part)
[ls.insert(2, 'null')  for ls in lst if (len(ls)==3) ]

But then, you would end up creating a list of Nones, a resource waste.
Instead, you should do
for ls in lst:
    if len(ls) == 3:
        ls.insert(2, 'null')

A: Basically, that's not how list comprehensions work. What they are is, roughly:
[ expression for identifier in expression <if condition> ]

What you have is:
[ expression for identifier in expression if condition expression ]

Which isn't valid syntax.
It's also not entirely clear what you want. If you want a new list that only contains the sublists with len > 3 then you could do:
from itertools import chain
new_list = [ list(chain(ls, 'Null')) for ls in lst if len(ls) == 3 ]

If you want the result to be the same as the original list, only with the len > 3 sublists modified then:
from itertools import chain
new_list = [
    list(chain(ls, 'Null') if len(ls) == 3 else ls)
    for ls in lst
]

Both of these approaches will leave the original list lst and its sublists unmodified.
If you are intending to modify the original list, then you should definitely be following Abhijit's advice and use a loop.
Rule of thumb: if you're using a list comprehension and throwing away the result, you really should be using a loop construct.

A: Maybe
 [ls + (['null'] if len(ls)==3 else []) for ls in lst]

This adds an element 'null' to the end of each sublist of length 3.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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preetispace	in celebrity, dance, determination, inspiration, life, michael jackson, music	 July 3, 2009 April 19, 2012 1,294 Words
I was perched on my sofa watching some entertainment show on TV last night. Somewhere in the middle, the show got boring, and I was lulled to sleep. I was probably halfway towards a nice deep sleep when I heard a familiar song from my brother's room. Something about that song made me wake wide up and then, feel uncomfortable. It was then that I realized, the song was 'Black or White' by Michael Jackson. The faint sound of his voice made me feel almost choked, and I just couldn't figure out why. I tried to focus on the boring show, but the sound from the other room seemed to overlap every other sound and annex my mind completely, making me restless. I walked involuntarily into the room and asked my brother if he didn't share the same vague feeling, which he apparently didn't. So was it just me? But I loved Michael, I adored his music, then why does it suffocate me now?
I followed my strong urge to turn the TV off and throw myself onto bed, that being the only possible way I could stop hearing the song. And as I walked to my room, I heard the line 'I'm living lonely!' from one of my favorite MJ songs 'Stranger in Moscow.' I felt sick to the stomach. It was as if Michael was right in there, singing, crying his heart out. To me. I rushed to my room and shut the door behind me before I turned off the lights and pounced on my bed. Okay, time to sleep. I set the alarm, slid under the thin covers, and waited for sleep to come. But my eyes weren't drowsy anymore, and that voice was still resounding in my head.
What's happening to me, I thought. Why am I so uneasy? Agreed, he was the king of pop and I am a great, great fan of his. After Ray Charles, he was the greatest musician of all times to me. But so was he to millions of others. And I'm not the kind of fan, who's heard every song of his and knows the lyrics by heart, nor have I been a part of any big fan club, nor have I watched any of his concerts. The last time I even thought of him before his death was when I read in the newspapers of him converting to Islam. And now, even a week after his demise, I've hardly read any articles about his death that've been flooding the newspapers in the past week. I tried to analyse this resistance.
The first thing I realized, was that I, like millions of other fans all over the world, have not yet digested the fact that MJ is dead, I've probably just gobbled it down. And I've done so without getting to the roots of my feelings about it.
Who was Michael Jackson? Or more importantly, what was he to me? To me, he was an era in himself, a caricature of the future I secretly dreamt of. A man who I always wanted to be like, and a man like whom I wished to engrave my name in the world and history of music.
His name alone created an incredible visual before my eyes (and it still does). A huge stage, all lit and smoked-up, surrounded by an audience of millions of people, screaming, crying and even fainting at the sight of that man giving the performance of his life on stage. The voice and music of that one man was enough to run chills through bodies of countless people, that one moonwalk was enough to create a wave among the youth all over the world and win their fascination and worship. That one performer, with his passion for what he did, touched the world. He touched the world in the one life God gave him. He made himself unforgettable. Irreplaceable. And legendary. He lived every performer's ultimate dream.
Grew up in poverty, married the stage at 5, and wrote one of the most touching songs, Ben, when he was just 14. He rose; he stumbled many-a-time, only to rise again. He did crazy things to himself called plastic surgeries, which eventually made him look like a girl with a face painted in white, some said. He fiddled with the structure of his nose, to a point that it looked it would break off with the striking of a finger against it, others said. He looked plastic. And then his life became plastic, too. Articles on the net show how he longed to lead a normal life, hang out with friends, go to the movies. But his life was confined to the stage. That's how people liked him to be.
And then came controversies and the downfall. The very sad downfall of the legend. The world convinced itself and me pretty well to think of him as an anti-social, as a spoilt celebrity who had been molesting children, and who had been hiding his dirty side from the world. It made us despise him, hate him and condemn his music. The world he had touched had suddenly turned away. And even after he came out innocent in the trials against him, he was never the same MJ to the people. The saddest part is, most of us weren't given to know enough about the fact of MJ's innocence. His innocence is publicised only on a few online journals of the US of A. It was so important for people around the world to be convinced enough of the star's intentions and character. But hell, it didn't happen. Many of us still believe he was a devil in disguise. And many of us have despised him till his death.
Meanwhile, Michael struggled to live through the whirlwind. He disappeared into nowhere. His being defamed took a toll on him. The performer in him was devastated. He lay unnoticed for a long, long time.
Then life gave him a glimpse of his second chance. A chance to start anew. The world was willing to see him and hear him again. He would probably rise again. He even tried to, but the bruises of the past hadn't seemed to heal. He stumbled again, suffering his deterioration silently, when the world was waiting for their King of Pop to steal their hearts again. He was skin-close to that second chance, but the end unfortunately came quicker than the start.
It aches to have seen a legend die in this way. It doesn't just ache, it does excruciatingly. That man could have died in the middle of a great journey, surrounded by millions of fans, their love, grief and blessings. He could have died a performer, and more importantly, a happier and contented man, who made the best out of his one lifetime. He could've died leaving us all with yet another ocean of his iconic music and an autobiography, that had a happy ending…
(Michael, I don't know what all you've been through…and I'm sure nobody can ever know it completely….but I strongly think of you as a survivor and one of the greatest and legendary musicians the world has ever seen…I don't know when you'll finally read this little tribute of mine, coz I'm sure there'll be millions and millions of bigger ones….but whenever you do notice this one from up there, you can be sure that you and your music still continues to inspire me…and that I'll miss you as long as music resides in my soul….I'll always love you!)
Little lessons from the little ones…
The Nayakan has arrived!


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GTMRx Shares New Report on Value of Implementing and Integrating Comprehensive Medication Management in Team-Based Care
Organization of Key Health Care Stakeholders Releases Third Annual Evidence Document, 11th Guidance Document for 2022
"Payors and physicians are asking for evidence on the value and investing in CMM as they seek to offer value-driving services in primary care," said Katherine H. Capps, co-founder and executive director at GTMRx.
TYSONS CORNER, Va. (PRWEB) December 15, 2022
Today, The Get the Medications Right™ (GTMRx) Institute, a coalition of over 1,700 members calling for medication management reform bringing together critical stakeholders across health care, is sharing its quick reference evidence document outlining the outcomes of implementing and integrating comprehensive medication management (CMM) in team-based care, including a review of the evidence of quality, access and costs. CMM is a patient-centered approach to optimizing medication use and improving patient health outcomes.
"With the third release of the GTMRx evidence document, we are encouraged to see quality literature being published surrounding CMM and the ability to improve care surrounding the quadruple aim," said M. Shawn McFarland, PharmD, FCCP, BCACP, National Clinical Pharmacy Practice Program Manager Clinical Pharmacy Practice Office, Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, Veterans Health Administration. "This annual evidence document should strengthen the use case for CMM and continue to be a shining light of what our health care system can become."
Each year in the United States, more than $528 billion is spent, and 275,000 lives are lost due to non-optimized medication use. Over 80% of Americans are taking one or more medications per week, and rates of hospital admissions resulting from medication-related problems continue to be on the rise — as a result, GTMRx is committed to providing awareness and a strategy to ensure that the industry works to "get the medications right" for all patients.
"Payors and physicians are asking for evidence on the value and investing in CMM as they seek to offer value-driving services in primary care," said Katherine H. Capps, co-founder and executive director at GTMRx. "Using CMM is part of a "whole health" approach and is a missing ingredient essential to achieve medication optimization. Medication misuse, overuse, and underuse must be addressed as we seek to deliver accountable, affordable, and appropriate care."
Key findings from the document highlight that regardless of the location, when CMM is integrated into team-based care, therapeutic goals are achieved, costs decrease, and the patient and provider experience improves. The CMM patient care process ensures each patient's medications (whether prescription, nonprescription, alternative, traditional, vitamins, or nutritional supplements) are individually assessed to determine that each medication has an appropriate indication, is effective for the medical condition and achieves defined patient and clinical goals, is safe given the comorbidities and other medications being taken and that the patient can take the medication as intended and adhere to the prescribed regimen.
"The report showcases results from multiple settings and showcases one of the largest studies of patient experience (satisfaction) seeing a clinical pharmacist for CMM services at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility, along with the impact of a pharmacogenomics-enriched CMM program in reducing health care costs," said Marcia Buck, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPPS and the director of clinical practice advancement for the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP). "It is our hope that by presenting the best of the published data from rigorous studies with increasingly larger patient samples, we will continue to drive the implementation of CMM in more practice sites until it becomes a routine component of team-based patient care."
"We have long known that CMM can improve quality of care, reduce costs and improve the patient and provider experience," added Capps. "Now we have evidence to show that when a clinical pharmacist, working in collaborative practice with a physician, uses CMM to identify, address, and mitigate the effects of adverse social determinants of health, they play a role in achieving the fifth component of the new quintuple aim of health care: health equity."
To read the report, click here. And for more about the value of CMM, check out our explainer video.
About the Get the Medications Right™ Institute
The GTMRx Institute is a catalyst for change that brings critical stakeholders together, bound by the urgent need to get the medications right. We are physicians, pharmacists, nurses, patients, health IT innovators, drug and diagnostics companies, consumer groups, employers, and payers — aligned to save lives and save money through comprehensive medication management. We motivate practice transformation and push payment and policy reform by showcasing evidence and innovation. Together, we ACT to champion the appropriate, effective, safe, and precise use of medication and gene therapies. Learn more at gtmr.org. See the recently published GTMRx article in Health Affairs Forefront. Comprehensive Medication Management: A Missing Ingredient In Value-Based Payment Models | Health Affairs
Aimee Eichelberger
Aimee (at) superior (dot) com
Superior Public Relations


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Minnesota Vikings: By The Numbers
Minnesota Vikings By The Numbers: #8
Looks like we're going to add another specialist
By Christopher Gates Aug 30, 2017, 7:00am CDT
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Photo by Nick Laham/Getty Images
We're moving on to number 8 in our Minnesota Vikings By The Numbers series, and this is also a number that has not been worn by a lot of different players in team history. Only five players have ever worn the number for the purple, and the two that stand out the most both appear to be specialists.
The first player in team history to wear the number 8 was punter Greg Coleman, who wore it from 1978 to 1987. Coleman actually spent a season with the Cleveland Browns before coming to Minnesota, but then spent ten seasons punting the ball away for the purple. He punted the ball more times than any player in Vikings' history, putting his toe to the football 720 times in ten seasons. He averaged 40.8 yards/punt in his time with the Vikings, which puts him in the top ten in that category as well, but Coleman's game wasn't so much about distance as it was about direction, and he might be the best directional punter in team history.
On the other side, we have kicker Ryan Longwell. Longwell joined the Vikings before the 2006 season, and was a member of the Vikings for six seasons. After those six seasons, Longwell found himself as the third-leading scorer in Minnesota history with 633 points (that's 37 points behind Cris Carter and 19 points ahead of Adrian Peterson). Longwell hit plenty of big kicks in his career with the team, including a big 50-yarder against the New York Giants that won the NFC North for the Vikings in 2008. He also currently stands at the most accurate field goal kicker in team history among players that have kicked for the team for a significant length of time. He connected on 84.5% of his field goals. (Kai Forbath and Donald Igwebuike have higher percentages, but they've played in 7 and 8 games, respectively, for the Vikings.)
I debated adding Sam Bradford to the list, even though he's only been on the team for one season. Even though he did have a pretty solid year in 2016, I'm not sure if it's enough to justify his inclusion here when you compare it with the extended time that Coleman and Longwell spent in Minnesota. Whether he's on or off, someone's going to be unhappy, so I'm leaving him off.
Vikings that have worn the number 8:
Greg Coleman (1978 - 1987)
Todd Bouman (2001 - 2002)
Aaron Elling (2003 - 2004)
Ryan Longwell (2006 - 2011)
Sam Bradford (2016 - present)
That does it for the number 8, folks. We reach the number 7 tomorrow, which means that we are just one week away from the start of the 2017 NFL regular season.
Who is the greatest Viking to wear the number 8?
923 votes total Vote Now


I wrote some time ago that while I was in the U.S., I didn't know really what the American culture was. After being away for a year, I have a better idea now. Here's an example: football. Whether you like football or not, it is definitely part of U.S. culture. Turn on any TV on any fall Saturday or Sunday and you'll see at least a couple games. Fans everywhere talk college ball, pro ball, BCS, and playoffs. Though I check ESPN's post-game summary after all of Notre Dame's games, I haven't seen a football game in over a year.
Dad and Brook are visiting here in Chile, and last night I turned on the TV in the hotel. (Our TV received 65 times the number of channels we have in our house: 1 compared with 65.) ESPN Latin America was showing Monday Night Football. I watched the last two quarters of the Cowboys vs. the Giants fascinated. It was amazing to watch the formations on the field, passes, rushes, and penalty flags. Everything was so familiar and strangely comforting. I stopped to think what it will be like when I can turn on the TV and watch Notre Dame play on Saturday afternoons: joy delivered through a TV.
American football (as opposed to fútbol) is poorly understood in South America. Part of that is due to the complexity of the game. Soccer has 17 rules. I couldn't even begin to count football's rules. Think about it: in soccer, ball goes into net, team gets one point; in football, a touchdown is worth six points, with the possibility of one or two extra points, a field goal is worth three points, a safety two, and I may not even be aware of some other obscure way to score points. In just defining scoring, football already has five rules where soccer has one.
In the meantime, I'll enjoy the unlimited access to soccer games on TV here. When I am home, I'll appreciate football more as the part of our culture that it is.
← I can name that sign in 3 words!


German traders and missionaries began settling on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea during the thirteenth century and eventually became the exclusive nobility in the region. The Germans ruled over the native Estonian and Latvian peasants and converted them first to Catholicism and then, after the Protestant Reformation, to Lutheranism. They were responsible for establishing merchant and artisan guilds in urban areas and feudal manors in rural areas. The Baltic Germans retained their privileged status even after Sweden decisively conquered the region during the 1620s. In 1721 the Russian Empire acquired the territories of Estland and Livland (equivalent to modern-day Estonia and northern Latvia) from Sweden. Germans became influential and loyal members of the Russian government and army, with some serving as generals, administrators, and diplomats. Baltic Germans fought simultaneously against the Bolsheviks and the Latvian nationalists during the late 1910s but did not succeed in establishing a permanent German-ruled state in the Baltics. The number of Germans living in the Baltics steadily decreased. Following a pact signed between the foreign ministers of Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin in August 1939, almost all of the remaining Baltic Germans moved to German-ruled Poland over the next two years.
Germans arrived in the Russian Empire in several additional waves of immigration between 1763 and 1862. The areas in which these Germans initially settled included the Middle Volga Area, southern Ukraine, the Crimean peninsula, Bessarabia, Volhynia, and the Caucasus. Their religions included Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Mennonitism.
On July 22, 1763, the Russian Tsar Catherine the Great issued a manifesto that offered foreigners the opportunity to settle in Russia. The newcomers were promised land, self-governance, religious freedom, exemptions from taxes and military service, and other privileges. The manifesto particularly appealed to Germans, who had suffered during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), a time of rampant famine and forced military conscription. From 1763 until 1767, approximately 25,000–27,000 Germans resettled in the Middle Volga river valley in 104 colonies in the provinces of Saratov and Samara, which later developed into 192 towns and villages. Most of the Volga Germans engaged in agriculture, harvesting such crops as rye, sunflowers, potatoes, and sugar beets, but some worked as tanners, sausage makers, millers, and craftspeople. Tsar Alexander II began drafting them into the Russian army in 1874. During the following decades, some Volga German families moved to Siberia, while others immigrated to the United States, Canada, and other countries. Volga Germans were afflicted by severe famines in 1891–1892, 1921–1922, and 1932–1933, the last one caused by Stalin's forced collectivization of farms. While the Volga Germans had been granted their own autonomous republic in 1924, it was abolished by Stalin on August 28, 1941, in the aftermath of Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, and the Volga Germans were deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia and forced into slave labor.
Between 1783 and 1812, the Russian Empire annexed former Ottoman and Crimean Tatar territories on the northern Black Sea coast. In 1787 Germans began to settle in New Russia, which later became the provinces of Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, and Tauride. In 1813 Tsar Alexander I invited Germans to Bessarabia and offered them many privileges. The first German settlement in Bessarabia was founded in 1814, and in the following years, until 1842, many more Germans arrived and formed numerous other colonies. Many of the Bessarabian and Ukrainian Germans specialized in farming and grape growing, but others worked in trades like weaving, blacksmithing, shoemaking, and carpentry. Germans also founded factories and mills. Bessarabia became part of Romania in 1918, and its Germans departed in 1940.
The Russian Germans were very conscious of their identity, operating their own schools and churches and teaching their children the German language. Tsar Alexander III's Russification policies in the 1880s and 1890s made Russian the language of all schools and abolished the Germans' right to self-government. During World War I, with Germany an enemy of Russia, German organizations and newspapers were shut down by the Russian government, preaching in German was outlawed, and Germans from Volhynia were exiled to Siberia (1915). During the Soviet years, increasing numbers of young Germans became fluent in Russian rather than in German.
Whereas from the 1950s to the 1970s few Soviet Germans were allowed to immigrate to Germany, during the late 1980s and 1990s a much larger number of Germans did so following the gradual easing of restrictions beginning in 1987. As of the 1989 census there were at least two million Germans living in the Soviet Union, but the majority of them left within a decade.
Brandes, Detlef. (1991). "A Success Story: The German Colonists in New Russia and Bessarabia: 1787–1914." Acta Slavica Iaponica 9:32–46.
Giesinger, Adam. (1981). From Catherine to Khrushchev: The Story of Russia's Germans. Lincoln, NE: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia.
Kern, Albert. (1998). Homeland Book of the Bessarabian Germans. Fargo, ND: Germans from Russia Heritage Collection, North Dakota State University Libraries.
Koch, Fred C. (1977). The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Long, James W. (1988). From Privileged to Dispossessed: The Volga Germans, 1860–1917. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Pleve, Igor R. (2001). The German Colonies on the Volga: The Second Half of the Eighteenth Century, tr. Richard R. Rye. Lincoln, NE: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia.
"German Settlers." Encyclopedia of Russian History. . Encyclopedia.com. 17 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.