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Penal Code - PEN
PART 4. PREVENTION OF CRIMES AND APPREHENSION OF CRIMINALS [11006 - 14315]
( Part 4 added by Stats. 1953, Ch. 1385. )
TITLE 6. CALIFORNIA COUNCIL ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE [13800 - 13899.1]
( Title 6 repealed and added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 1047. )
CHAPTER 3. Criminal Justice Planning [13820 - 13825]
( Heading of Chapter 3 amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 618, Sec. 216. )
13823.11.
The minimum standards for the examination and treatment of victims of sexual assault or attempted sexual assault, including child sexual abuse, and the collection and preservation of evidence therefrom include all of the following:
(a) Law enforcement authorities shall be notified.
(b) In conducting the medical evidentiary examination, the outline indicated in the form adopted pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 13823.5 shall be followed.
(c) Consent for a physical examination, treatment, and collection of evidence shall be obtained.
(1) Consent to an examination for evidence of sexual assault shall be obtained prior to the examination of a victim of sexual assault and shall include separate written documentation of consent to each of the following:
(A) Examination for the presence of injuries sustained as a result of the assault.
(B) Examination for evidence of sexual assault and collection of physical evidence.
(C) Photographs of injuries.
(2) Consent to treatment shall be obtained in accordance with the usual policy of the hospital, clinic, sexual assault forensic examination team, or other emergency medical facility.
(3) A victim of sexual assault shall be informed that the victim may refuse to consent to an examination for evidence of sexual assault, including the collection of physical evidence, but that a refusal is not a ground for denial of treatment of injuries and for possible pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, if the person wishes to obtain treatment and consents thereto.
(4) Pursuant to Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 6920) of Part 4 of Division 11 of the Family Code, a minor may consent to hospital, medical, and surgical care related to a sexual assault without the consent of a parent or guardian, and a minor may consent to, or withhold consent for, a medical evidentiary examination without the consent of a parent or guardian.
(5) In cases of known or suspected child abuse, the consent of the parents or legal guardian is not required. In the case of suspected child abuse and nonconsenting parents, the consent of the local agency providing child protective services or the local law enforcement agency shall be obtained. Local procedures regarding obtaining consent for the examination and treatment of, and the collection of evidence from, children from child protective authorities shall be followed.
(d) A history of sexual assault shall be taken. The history obtained in conjunction with the examination for evidence of sexual assault shall follow the outline of the form established pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 13823.5 and shall include all of the following:
(1) A history of the circumstances of the assault.
(2) For a child, any previous history of child sexual abuse and an explanation of injuries, if different from that given by parent or person accompanying the child.
(3) Physical injuries reported.
(4) Sexual acts reported, whether or not ejaculation is suspected, and whether or not a condom or lubricant was used.
(5) Record of relevant medical history.
(e) (1) If indicated by the history of contact, a female victim of sexual assault shall be provided with the option of postcoital contraception by a physician or other health care provider.
(2) Postcoital contraception shall be dispensed by a physician or other health care provider upon the request of the victim at no cost to the victim.
(f) (1) Each adult and minor victim of sexual assault who consents to a medical evidentiary examination shall have a physical examination that includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:
(A) Inspection of the clothing, body, and external genitalia for injuries and foreign materials.
(B) Examination of the mouth, vagina, cervix, penis, anus, and rectum, as indicated.
(C) Documentation of injuries and evidence collected.
(2) Children shall not have internal vaginal or anal examinations unless absolutely necessary. This paragraph does not preclude careful collection of evidence using a swab.
(g) The collection of physical evidence shall conform to the following procedures:
(1) Each victim of sexual assault who consents to an examination for collection of evidence shall have the following items of evidence collected, except if the victim specifically objects:
(A) Clothing worn during the assault.
(B) Foreign materials revealed by an examination of the clothing, body, external genitalia, and pubic hair combings.
(C) Swabs from the mouth, vagina, rectum, and penis, as indicated, to determine the presence or absence of semen.
(D) If indicated by the history of contact, the victim's urine and blood sample, for toxicology purposes, to determine if drugs or alcohol were used in connection with the assault. Toxicology results obtained pursuant to this paragraph shall not be admissible in any criminal or civil action or proceeding against a victim who consents to the collection of physical evidence pursuant to this paragraph. Except for purposes of prosecuting or defending the crime or crimes necessitating the examination specified by this section, any toxicology results obtained pursuant to this paragraph shall be kept confidential, may not be further disclosed, and shall not be required to be disclosed by the victim for any purpose not specified in this paragraph. The victim shall specifically be informed of the immunity and confidentiality safeguards provided by this subparagraph.
(2) Each victim of sexual assault who consents to an examination for the collection of evidence shall have reference specimens taken, except if the victim specifically objects thereto. A reference specimen is a standard from which to obtain baseline information and may be retained for DNA comparison and analysis. Reference specimens may also be collected at a later time if they are needed. These specimens shall be taken in accordance with the standards of the local criminalistics laboratory.
(3) Sexually transmitted infection testing and presumptive treatment based on current guidelines of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be provided, if indicated by the history of contact. Specimens for a pregnancy test shall be taken, if indicated by the history of contact and the age of the victim. Baseline testing for sexually transmitted infections shall be done for a child, a person with a disability, or a person who is residing in a long-term care facility, if forensically indicated.
(4) (A) If indicated by the history of contact, a female victim of sexual assault shall be provided with the option of postcoital contraception by a physician or other health care provider.
(B) Postcoital contraception shall be dispensed by a physician or other health care provider upon the request of the victim at no cost to the victim.
(5) For a victim of sexual assault with an assault history of strangulation, best practices shall be followed for a complete physical examination and diagnostic testing to prevent adverse outcomes or morbidity and documentation on a supplemental medical evidentiary examination form.
(h) Preservation and disposition of physical evidence shall conform to the following procedures:
(1) All swabs shall be air-dried before packaging.
(2) All items of evidence including laboratory specimens shall be clearly labeled as to the identity of the source and the identity of the person collecting them.
(3) The evidence shall have a form attached which documents its chain of custody and shall be properly sealed.
(4) The evidence shall be turned over to the proper law enforcement agency.
(5) A hospital, clinic, or other emergency medical facility where medical evidentiary examinations are conducted shall develop and implement written policies and procedures for maintaining the confidentiality of medical evidentiary examination reports, including proper preservation and disposition of the reports if the examination program ceases operation, in order to prevent destruction of the medical evidentiary examination reports.
(i) On or before January 1, 2021, a hospital, clinic, or other emergency medical facility at which medical evidentiary examinations are conducted shall implement a system to maintain medical evidentiary examination reports in a manner that facilitates their release only as required or authorized by law. This subdivision does not require a hospital, clinic, or other emergency medical facility to review a patient's medical records prior to January 1, 2021, in order to separate medical evidentiary examination reports from the rest of the patient's medical records.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 714, Sec. 8. (AB 538) Effective January 1, 2020.)


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TIX will represent Norway at Eurovision 2021!
Nikola Stojanović Feb 20, 2021
After 5 weeks of semi-finals, 6 direct-qualifiers and a wildcard round, the final of Norwegian selection for Eurovision Song Contest 2021, Melodi Grand Prix we got the winner of it among the 26 acts which competed and TIX was voted…
Tonight: Norway Selects Their Eurovision Song In Melodi Grand Prix 2021!
The final of Melodi Grand Prix 2021 takes place tonight at Fornebu, H3 Arena with the start at 19:55 CET. The hosts are Silje Nordnes who stepped instead of Ingrid Gjessing Linhave, Ronny Brede Aase and Kåre Magnus Bergh. As the interval…
Rein Alexander:"I want to get more people to open their eyes to the immense power we all…
Rein Alexander competed in the final of Melodi Grand Prix 2020 with the song "One Last Time", he has been performing concerts in various countries including Norway, USA, Iceland, Italy, UK and Sweden while he also played roles in several…
IMERIKA Won The Fifth Semi-Final Of Melodi Grand Prix 2021!
The qualifier from the fifth semi final and the 11th finalist of Melodi Grand Prix 2021 is IMERIKA with the song "I Can't Escape "! In the first part of the show, TuVeia and RIVER faced-off in the first duel, after the public votes…
Listen to "Eyes Wide Open" by Rein Alexander and see his reaction after the song leaked!
Meet The Participants Of The Fourth Semi Final Of MGP 2021, And Vote For YOUR Favourite!
Nikola Stojanović Feb 1, 2021
Norwegian national broadcaster NRK just revealed another four acts which are participating at the semifinal of Melodi Grand Prix 2021. The fourth semifinal is going to take place this Saturday, 6th of February. In total, a record number of…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Step 4: If you are repairing clip in hair extensions, lay the hair extensions on a dry towel, and allow the treatment to soak in overnight. If you wear permanent hair extensions, secure hair in a plait, and sleep with the treatment overnight. It all natural and non drip, so won't stain or damage your bedding.... Step 4: If you are repairing clip in hair extensions, lay the hair extensions on a dry towel, and allow the treatment to soak in overnight. If you wear permanent hair extensions, secure hair in a plait, and sleep with the treatment overnight. It all natural and non drip, so won't stain or damage your bedding.
Now that we've covered what causes our hair to behave badly, here's how to tame frizzy hair and keep your locks looking as lustrous and sleek as possible. Indulge in Hair Oil The first step to tame frizz hair is to add a hair oil into your hair care routine. how to turn lights ooff keyboard Frizzy hair is a highly unfortunate, yet surprisingly common hair struggle that many girls face. Almost everyone has had an episode of catching a glimpse of themselves in a storefront window only to be horrified at an unmanageable lion's mane staring back at them.
Over-drying of the hair leads to frizzy wigs. Curly or wavy wigs are particularly prone to frizziness. Next are some steps to prevent frizzy wigs. Curly or wavy wigs are particularly prone to frizziness.
17/10/2018 · If your hair still gets frizzy using a wide-tooth comb, then try running your fingers through your hair while in the shower rather than using a comb or brush afterwards. Wrap it in a towel and keep it damp to prevent early frizzing.
Frizzy hair is a highly unfortunate, yet surprisingly common hair struggle that many girls face. Almost everyone has had an episode of catching a glimpse of themselves in a storefront window only to be horrified at an unmanageable lion's mane staring back at them.


Complete the press accreditation form for the XXIII edition of Linea d'Ombra Festival.
The press office will respond quickly as to whether the request is accepted or not.
Accetto l'informativa sulla privacy (obbligatorio) /I authorize to handle my personal data according to Italian law 196/2003 (art. 23 and follows)(Mandatory Field).


You are currently browsing the category archive for the 'Hiking' category.
The cosmic candid: Why we are freind?
The world's biggest social network Facebook says the average distance between two people in the word (i.e. the world of facebook) is about 5 person. That means by hopping the friend list of any random 5 people will connect you to almost any other people in the world. Being specific, the world population in 2011 was counted to be 6,973,738,433. This statistic is mind boggling. You can know 7 billion people just by connecting with link of 5 people. The essence of this fact is we are connected together. All of us! And therefore the world is round.
There is another fact hanging around: the average number of Facebook friends is 130. Interestingly, other research shows most adults have 'only two close friends'. So who are the rest of them? I don't know.
I don't know why we got connected. But the floating energy from the distance galaxy in the form of cosmos has made us connected. Sticked together.
The answer to your question is really hard to answer. Why are we friends? To find answer, I ask to myself and I get 100s of reasons and justifications, but none of them satisfies me. The only fact remains is: We are friend. Good or bad, in fight or in laugh.
We know our limitations, we know our capabilities, and we share everything we know. I hide something of mine, and you do the same. But at the back of mind, we expect to share that.
We don't want to interfere on personal business but that doesn't happen. It feels good when we interfere in those personal businesses. Though angry we may look, but deep inside we are satisfied.
You may be blue and I may be yellow, but together we make shade of happiness!
khokana, a set on Flickr.
On 15 october 2011, with anoj i went to stretch legs on the field of western kathmandu. We hiked from kritipur to khokana and then to bungamati. Crosed the mustered field and the paddy fields.Clicked photos on the way.
Crossed bagmati at Chovar near Jalbinayak. Fields were yellow with flowers of mustard. Farmers were busy to harvest paddy. We Reached khokana in about three hours.
2 plates Choila,1 plate bara, 1 plate chatamari, 1 plate sukuti with 1 batuko chyang, beautiful Sauni and a Sunny saturday that is how life should be. No sunday, no monday..just saturday!
Khokana lies at the southern end of Kathmandu valley. Historically famous for mustard oil.
With Sajan, this time I had to travel to Siprin Khola for field verification of project works, but there was some extra stuffs stored for us in this journey.
After forgetting to have breakfast at Sharmila's hotel (the popular hotel of this route at zero kilo) we had fried fish at Khadichaur.
Sajan, Pawan Yadav, Yam ji and Naresh were our (not so brave) fighters to defend against a experienced troops of Sherpa girls and school children. The school was closed that day to let children to enjoy and play snow!
Slippery was snow, but the grip was strong enough to fight. While escaping the cannon balls of cold snow, body was became sweaty.
With silver color on the background, even the ugly face becomes beautiful. See photographs for proof!
As usual the trip ended with inspection of the project and returning back.
On the way back, we had launch at Singati Bazaar and then travelled towards Kathmandu.
On the way, snow was still left on the road at Khari Dhunga. This time, Rabin Nepal was with us and he had missed the fight when we had shown him the photographs. However, this time, there were no troops attacking us. So we could relax and enjoy the beauty of the place.


Just bought a P-23 and really enjoying it (first sailboat). I'd like to re-route the lines to the cockpit.
1) has this been done?
2) how difficult is it?
4) pictures of how its worked on other boats?
Best bet is to search on it. Leading lines aft has been documented, diagrammed, illustrated and opinionated several times. Good stuff here.
Welcome @StevenG to the forum. As @Justin_NSA has shared, use the search tool and look for messages that say things like "cockpit lines" or "Re-route lines".
It is likely going to be a project that you can get ideas but will have to design your self as there are not a lot of P23 owners here that have posted such projects.
It is really one a rocket science project. You will need to bring the lines down to the bottom of the mast. Install some blocks to turn the line direction towards the cockpit. Often folks install a Halyard Organizer Plate at the base of their mast. Something like this.
It allows them to attache a turning block to take the line from the mast and turn it towards the cockpit.
You can then run the lines through a clutch to hold the line in place.
You might want to search out local boats to see what they have done. This will at least get you started.
Take you time with the project. The most difficult part in my opinion is deciding where to run the lines to reduce friction and not create a tripping hazard when you want to move about the boat..
Post some pictures.... specifically the mast area on both sides... then shots of the cabin roof on each side... we can help you with the routing options then. This picture shows a boat that uses the winches for both halyards and sheets... there are many, many ways of doing this project... I've changed the set up on my C27 at least 3 times.... moved stuff around, new equipment etc..
If you're on a budget you can install simple, less expensive cleats instead of clutches... A small standard winch (not self tailing) such as the Lewmar 7 .. is more than adequate as a halyard winch on a 23 footer and it won't break the bank.
So, the halyards need to get from the mast base out to a "deck organizer" which turns the line aft to the winch and cleat near the cockpit. When you have a winch.... the cleat goes ahead of the winch, btw.
HINT.... choice 3 is the least expensive.
Then.......... you'll want a deck organizer to turn the lines around the hatch back to the cockpit area.
A cleat... your money, your choice.
And finally..... a winch.... may be optional... but again... your money, your choice.
You can do your own search for self tailing winches.... prepare to spend $475 plus for an appropriate sized single speed model.
If you use a stopper, the device to the right of the cam cleat in Joe's post, you don't need a self tailing winch. In fact when you have one winch servicing several lines the best practice is to keep the winch free of lines and available for use.
Be careful to lay out the runs to make sure that they run fair and that lines don't chafe on any block cheeks. This can be multiple dimensional and sometimes shims are necessary under some of the hardware. The run from a stopper with multiple lines to a winch aft of the stopper can only run fair for one line. The others will be slightly out of alignment. Make them occasional use lines if possible or use a bollard to turn them. The closer the winch is to the stopper the more of a problem this can be.
Test the stopper location so that you can reach it from a position in the cockpit that works.
If you use a cam cleat it's location should be such that you can snap the line up from a comfortable position in the cockpit (Without having to stand on the seat).
Convention puts the main halyard on the Starboard side and the jib to port.
I hope these details help. A successful outcome requires good planning.


I had heard good things and, as someone who was once a prison chaplain and now writes a series about one, I was particularly interested to see how the culture and cauldron of prison, of inmates and correctional officers, would be handled.
It�s a good show. Worth a watch. But the longer it went on, the more difficult it was to like or even care about any of the characters.
I realize it�s a show set in a prison, and it gets a lot of the selfishness and narcissism of both the inmates and guards right, but it fails to show much in the way of kindness at all. It made me proud of my John Jordan series�not just of the man at its middle, but the other characters in it as well.
Failures of kindness are common � both in and out of prison � but so are acts of kindness and some actual altruistic actions.
In the midst of watching the Netflix original series, I read a graduation speech by the author George Saunders, which really served as a nice counterweight to the show.
In it, he talks about not having many regrets, but . . .
�But here�s something I do regret,� he says.
�In seventh grade, this new small shy kid named Ellen joined our class. She wore these blue, cat�s-eye glasses that, at the time, only old ladies wore. When nervous, which was pretty much always, she had a habit of taking a strand of hair into her mouth and chewing on it.
�So she came to our school and our neighborhood, and was mostly ignored, occasionally teased � �Your hair tastes good?� � that sort of thing. I could see this hurt her. I still remember the way she�d look after such an insult � eyes cast down, a little gut-kicked, as if, having just been reminded of her place in things, she was trying, as much as possible, to disappear. After a while she�d drift away, hair strand still in her mouth.
�Sometimes I�d see her hanging around alone in her front yard, as if afraid to leave it.
�And then � they moved. That was it. No tragedy, no big final hazing.
�One day she was there, next day she wasn�t.
�Now, why do I regret that? Why, 42 years later, am I still thinking about it? Relative to most of the other kids, I was actually pretty nice to her. I never said an unkind word to her. In fact, I sometimes even (mildly) defended her.
�But still. It bothers me.
I feel exactly the same way. I have very, very few regrets in life, but I do truly and deeply regret every failure of compassion, every single time I failed to be kind in thought, word or deed.
Almost as a way of cleansing our palate, we watched �Rocky Balboa� tonight. And as we did, I just sat there touched by his kindness and goodness, his decency, humility and compassion, and was proud that he is one of my generation�s quintessential American heroes. So much of what he says is as corny as it gets, to which I would say with Iris Simpkins from �The Holiday,� if it comes with kindness and compassion, we could use some corniness in our culture right now. For no matter what the new black is this season, the practice of kindness should never go out of fashion.


Ratcliffe travelled to Bedford Modern School for their U18 England Hockey Plate match and lost 4 – 2. Ratcliffe were not at their best and found themselves 1 – 0 down at half-time and then 2 – 0 down shortly afterwards. However, this seemed to wake Ratcliffe up and they fought back hard to 2 – 2 with goals from Mia Atkinson and Jenna Pole. From this point onwards Ratcliffe looked the more likely winners. Unfortunately, two very poor decisions from the umpires cost us the game and allowed Bedford to win the match. Player of the Match was Mia Atkinson.
The 2nd team beat Nottingham High School 1 – 0. Although there weren't many chances in the match, the opposition goal keeper deserves credit for keeping Ratcliffe at bay. Ratcliffe's goal scorer was Sarah Astill who finished an excellent passing move. Holly Vinall was Player of the Match.
The 3rd team beat Rugby School 4 – 0. The girls maintained possession well with a strong press and good passing throughout, which paid off when they found Captain Ellie Hollinshead WITH time and space for a clean shot in to the bottom corner. In the second half, Ratcliffe continued to press and put a lot of pressure on the Rugby defence, which meant Emma Turner soon scored and Dalila Watson managed to score two further goals, one of which was an excellent top corner finish. Coaches Player of the Match was Becky Lindley.
The girls beat Nottingham High School 1 – 0 in a game they dominated. Plenty of chances were created and they were unfortunate not to score more goals. Jess Elton, attacking down the right, had a great game and Freya Smith secured the short corner, which Rachel Astill converted. The girls showed great resilience and were determined to the end, resulting in an excellent 1 –0 win. Players' Player of Match was Matilda Creegan and Coaches' Player of the Match was Brooke England.
The U14's played in the Zone Rounds of the England Hockey U14 Schools Competition on Thursday night, Losing to Wellingborough College 3 – 0 and Worksop College 2 – 0. The girls played some fantastic hockey against two very strong teams. The girls' commitment and dedication on the pitch was excellent and they should be proud with the performances. Player of the match for both games was Annie Jarvis.
The U14A team won 2 – 1 against Nottingham High School on Saturday. It was another strong team performance. Goal scorers were Victoria Wheatley and Annie Jarvis. Player of the Match goes to Chelsea Makandeni and Coaches' Player goes to Amelia Tebbutt.
The U13s came up against Nottingham High School for the second time this season and again came away victors, this time with a 5 – 1 win. Ratcliffe started very well, scoring their first goal within 30 seconds of the start and added to their lead a few minutes later, making it 2 – 0 at half-time. Although Nottingham managed to get a goal back, Ratcliffe continued to dominate in the second half and further added to their score after a great hat-trick from Zoe Howling. Special mention goes to Maddie Whalley for top defending and some great balls through to the midfield. Player of the Match goes to Daisy Reddin for some brilliant runs down the right-hand side, resulting in some well worked goals. Well done girls!
The U12A team enjoyed a well-contested match against Nottingham High School. The girls got off to a flying start with an early goal from Sophie Bardsley, and they continued to play some fantastic attacking hockey for the rest of the first half. In the second half Alice Bower and Millie Lake were invaluable in defence and hardly let Nottingham into the D. Annabell Hull had more than one chance, but the opposition keeper wasn't letting anything past. The final score was 1 – 0 to Ratcliffe. Player of the Match was Millie Lake.
The U12B's had a thumping 9 – 1 victory against Nottingham High School. Ratcliffe started strongly opening the scoring within the first few minutes. Nottingham High proved very stubborn in defence, however, and made it hard for Ratcliffe to create clear shooting opportunities. Never the less, some brilliant passing and team-work going forward meant Ratcliffe finished the first half 5 – 0 up thanks to a hat-trick of goals from Isabella Westwood, alongside a further two goals from Holly McNeeney.
Ratcliffe continued to dominate possession throughout the second half, scoring a further three goals to go 8 – 0 up before Nottingham High replied with a counter-attack, scoring a goal of their own. Holly McNeeney scored a goal with the last attack of the game to ensure Ratcliffe finished the fixture as 9 – 1 victors. There were four goals each for Holly McNeeney and Isabella Westwood, with a further goal from debutant Arabella Wilson. Players' Player goes to Isabella Westwood and Coaches' Player to Arabella Wilson. All of the girls played fantastic and should be extremely proud of their performance!
The U13A netball team won 21 – 1 in the quarter final of the Team Leicester against Brooke Vale School. The girls played some fantastic netball and moved the ball up the court with great skill. A great performance from all. Player of the Match was Sophie Walker.
Unfortunately, Ratcliffe once again started the match on the back foot, conceding a very early try. After this the defence was outstanding and King Henry's did not score again until Ratcliffe lost a player for a yellow card and Ratcliffe were 12 – 3 down at half-time. In the second half, Ratcliffe played some excellent rugby and won the half 7 – 3 but unfortunately this was not enough to win the game with the final score, 15 – 7 to King Henry's. There were some great performances from Connor Foster and try scorer Alex Purcell, but Man of the Match goes to Callum Allsopp for his excellent all-round performance.
With several players having to play out of position it was a tough game for the 2nd XV. A try in the first 5 minutes from Harry Culpin got us off to a good start but King Henry's organisation wore us down and the opposition started to score on a regular basis. Men of the Match were Toby Blackmore and Jamie Gilbertson who turned their hand to forward duties brilliantly. Other good performers came from Matt Elton, Harry Culpin and Harry Cusack. Final score was 43 – 5 to King Henry.
The U15s got their third win in a row, midweek against Quinton House. The first 20 minutes in particular the team displayed some great organisation, with creative running lines and some good tries scored. They did not quite maintain their momentum but still managed to run out 45 – 6 winners. Dan McGunnigle was Man of the Match on his return to the team.
On Saturday, against King Henry, sadly they played well below their ability. Despite this they were determined and stuck to their task, but could not quite overturn the half-time deficit, eventually losing 17 – 14. Ollie Howard played well in a tight game.
The U15B rugby team comprehensively won 53 – 0 against King Henry's. A large and physical Ratcliffe team, ran in nine tries at regular intervals throughout the game. The forwards dominated possession, with Jacob McCahill and Nigel Denham having excellent games. Henry Winterson and Harvey Seymour also made some strong runs, regularly getting over the gain line. Harran Mokha also impressed when he came off the bench to make his school debut. Ratcliffe Try scorers were: Jacob McCahill (3), Joe McGuire, Henry Winterson, Ben Ashford, Temi Abiodum and Truman Leung. Man of the Match: Jacob McCahill.
Ratcliffe lost 29 – 10 versus King Henry in a highly entertaining game. Ratcliffe showed the greater enterprise of the two teams and were let down by handling errors in the final passes. Phelton Tandoh scored a brilliant try off a set move from the lineout, whilst the other try scorer, Tyler Black, profited from a period of pressure on the King Henry line. The pack played very well with Marcus Wigwe providing some good 'go forward' ball in the second half. The whole team played well and with good discipline throughout, ably led by the Captain Tyler Black – the whole team deserving of the Man-of-the-Match award.
The U13s came up against a physical and well organised King Henry's team. Ratcliffe struggled in the first half to match King Henry's power but the team played much better in the second half putting in some excellent tackles and working hard at the breakdown to turn over lots of the opposition's possession. Man of the Match goes to Vincent McKeeferey for his outstanding tackling and Fin Spencer for his excellent all round game. Final score was 35 – 0 to King Henry's.
Ratcliffe lost 25 – 0 to a strong King Henry's side. Despite some defensive slip ups in the first half, Ratcliffe battled back to dominate possession in the second half. Liam Hardy-Smith put in some last ditch try saving tackles to stop King Henry's in their tracks. Max Diaz was strong in the tackle and carried the ball extremely well. Man of the Match was Robbie Clark for his committed running and hard tackling throughout.
It was a tough day at the office for the U12s, as they came unstuck against a physical Henry's side. Right from the kick off Henry's used their big ball carriers to great effect, and Ratcliffe struggled to find answers. In spite of Henry's obvious momentum in the game, Harrison Rutherford made hit after hit, knocking back Henry's runners when others couldn't, and Fin Martin continues to grow in to the fly half role, managing to stay composed in a losing side. Lots of work on the contact area in the coming week as we come in the final couple of games of the season. Final score was 50 – 0 to King Henry's.
The U18 basketball team played on Wednesday 14th November away at Rawlins Academy. Playing for the first time together they put in an excellent performance against a very strong and competitive Rawlins team, made up of several National League players. Ratcliffe started off strongly, but once Rawlins began to get a bit more organised, they began putting the pressure on Ratcliffe and began to pull ahead and dominated the second quarter of the game. At half-time we were down by nearly 20 points but then managed to put together a really strong third quarter to claw some of those points back. The fourth quarter was a fairly even one with both teams sharing the points. There were outstanding performances by team Captain Lewis Cox who finished with 30 pts, Thomas Leite with 10pts with the rest of the points shared amongst the team. Overall, a pleasing start to the season even though it ended in a 65 – 55 loss. We look forward to another tough game on Thursday 22nd against an equally strong Bosworth Academy Team.
Congratulations to the equestrian team who have been crowned Leicestershire Team County Champions, Brooke England the individual preliminary Leicestershire Champion, and Jade England the individual novice Leicestershire champion.


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Susan Clare Hardie-Bick, née le  dans le comté du Cheshire, est une actrice et mannequin anglaise.

Biographie

Susan Bick passe son enfance au Malawi et au Nigeria, où son père travaille comme diplomate. Elle est remarquée à l'âge de  par le photographe américain Steven Meisel et commence une carrière dans le mannequinat. En 1997, elle rencontre le musicien Nick Cave au Victoria and Albert Museum de Londres et l'épouse à l'été 1999. Ils sont les parents de jumeaux Earl et Arthur, décédé le .

Carrière Professionnelle

Mannequinat
Dans les années 1990, Susie Bick devient l'un des visages emblématiques de la mode anglaise dans l'ombre de Kate Moss ou Naomi Campbell. Elle collabore près de  avec le photographe de mode David Bailey et apparaît aux côtés des créateurs Vivienne Westwood et Azzedine Alaïa. Elle travaille comme modèle à différentes reprises pour les photographes Guy Bourdin, Helmut Newton, Dominique Issermann, Jork Weismann, Jermaine Francis ou Nick Knight.

Son image est associée à la couverture de l'album Phantasmagoria du groupe britannique The Damned, édité en 1985. En 2011, le groupe Roxy Music l'a choisi comme égérie de l'album The Best of Roxy Music.

Susie Bick met un terme à sa carrière de mannequin en 1997. Elle apparaît nue sur la pochette de Push the Sky Away, le quinzième album studio de Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds publié en février 2013.

Cinéma
En 1995, Susie Bick interprète son propre rôle dans le long métrage Flirt du réalisateur américain Hal Hartley . En 1998, elle participe à Love Is the Devil, biographie cinématographique du peintre anglais Francis Bacon dirigée par John Maybury. Le film reçoit les prix de la meilleure direction artistique et de la meilleure photographie au Art Film Festival en 1999. La même année, les acteurs Daniel Craig et Derek Jacobi s'illustrent à l'Edinburgh International Film Festival et aux British Academy Film Awards.

Sous l'impulsion de la réalisatrice italienne Martina Amati dite AMA, Susie Bick collabore au projet Submission en 2011, un court métrage dédié au travail de la créatrice de mode londonienne Bella Freud. Le film réunit Antonia Campbell-Hughes, Phyllis Wang, Olympia Campbell et Abbey Lee Kershaw sur une proposition musicale de Nick Cave et Warren Ellis.

En 2014, elle apparaît avec sa famille dans le documentaire  sur Terre de Iain Forsyth et Jane Pollard ou la célébration sur grand écran du 20000 jour d'existence de l'écrivain, musicien et interprète australien Nick Cave. Elle renouvelle l'expérience en 2016 avec la sortie de One More Time with Feeling réalisé par Andrew Dominik. Le documentaire suit Nick Cave entouré de ses musiciens et de sa famille tout au long de l'enregistrement de l'album Skeleton Tree, au lendemain de la mort de leur fils Arthur.

The Vampire's Wife
En 2015, Susie Cave, créatrice de mode lance sa première ligne de prêt-à-porter féminin sous l'étiquette de The Vampire's Wife, référence à un projet de livre non abouti de son mari Nick Cave. Pour ses créations, elle s'inspire en partie des costumes empruntés aux ballets russes ainsi qu'à la mode féminine des années 1950.

Filmographie
 1995 : Flirt de Hal Hartley : Susie Bick
 1998 : Love Is the Devil de John Maybury : Susie Bick
 1999 : Mad Cows de Sara Sugarman : Sputnick
 2011 : Submission de Martina Amati (Court-métrage) : Black Belt
2014 :  sur Terre de Iain Forsyth et Jane Pollard : Susie Cave
 2016 : One More Time with Feeling d'Andrew Dominik : Susie Cave

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel de The Vampire's Wife

Mannequin femme britannique
Actrice anglaise de cinéma
Ateliers Femmes et Féminisme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
{{Убийца
|Серийный         = да
|Имя              = Владислав Мазуркевич
|Оригинал имени   = Władysław Mazurkiewicz
|Изображение      = Władysław Mazurkiewicz.jpg
|Ширина           = 200px
|Подпись          =
|Имя при рождении =
|Прозвище         = «Элегантный убийца»«Красавчик Владек»
|Дата рождения = 31.1.1911
|Место рождения =  , Малопольское воеводство, Царство Польское, Российская Империя
|Гражданство =
|Период убийств = 1943—1956
|Количество жертв = 30+
|Регион = Краков и Варшава
|Способ = отравление, огнестрельные ранения
|Мотив = получение удовольствие от убийства, грабёж, возможное соучастие гестапо
|Дата ареста =  1956
|Наказание = Смертная казнь
|Дата смерти = 29.01.1957
|Место смерти = , Польша
|Причина смерти = повешение
}}
Владислав Мазуркевич (;  — ) — польский серийный убийца из послевоенного Кракова, совершавший также преступления в Варшаве.

 Биография
Мазуркевич был обвинён прокуратурой в шести убийствах и не менее двух покушениях на убийство. Он был признан виновным в убийстве четырёх мужчин и двух женщин, в том числе Виктора З., Владислава Б. и миллионера Ежи де Л. вместе со своей женой Ядвига де Л. и её сестрой, Зофией С. Мазуркевич был осуждён районным судом в Кракове и приговорён к смерти 30 августа 1956 года. Он был казнён через повешение пять месяцев спустя, 29 января 1957 года, за два дня до своего 46-го дня рождения. По разным слухам, Мазуркевич, возможно, был ответственен за целых 30 убийств, которые никогда не были раскрыты. Тем не менее, он сам не признал себя виновным и заявил в суде, что был избит и его шантажировали во время допросов.

Последними словами Мазуркевича были: «До свидания, господа! Скоро мы все там встретимся!».

За своё высокое экономическое положение и вежливые манеры в Польше он получил прозвище «Элегантный убийца» (elegancki morderca), также его называли «красавчиком Владеком» (piękny Władek'').

Примечания

Ссылки
 Serial Killer Crime Index — Władysław Mazurkiewicz at Crimezzz.net
 Ballada o mordercy z kwiatkiem. Wyglądał jak amant, miał arystokratyczne maniery i zabijał z zimną krwią

Серийные убийцы Польши
Серийные убийцы 1940-х годов
Серийные убийцы 1950-х годов
Повешенные в Польше
Казнённые в 1957 году
Казнённые за убийство
Преступники Варшавы
Преступники Кракова


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text:
Q: Microservice along with kafka consumer Group We are working on a appliation in which we are using kafka.
The components of the Application are as follows,

*

*We have a microservice which gets the request's and pushes the messages to a kafka topic. (Lets say ServiceA)

*Another microservice which consumes the messages from topics and push the data to a datastore. (Lets say ServiceB)
I am clear with ServiceA part of the application but have some design confusions in the ServiceB part.
As ServiceB we are planning for REST API,

*

*Is it good to bundle Consumer and controllers in a single application ?

*For consumer i am planning to go with ConsumerGroup with multiple Consumer's to acheive more throughput. Is there any better and efficent approach ?

*Should i take out the Consumer part of ServiceB and make it as a separate service which is independent ?

*If we are bundling it inside the ServiceB should i configure Consumer as a Listener ? (We are going with spring boot for microservice)

Thanks in Advance !

A:
Is it good to bundle Consumer and controllers in a single application
  ?

Its good to bundle together by context, having a listener, wich forwards to another service to controll makes no sense in my opionion. But consider splitting up controller by different context if necessary. Like Martin Fowler says: start with a monolith first and than split up (https://martinfowler.com/bliki/MonolithFirst.html)

For consumer i am planning to go with ConsumerGroup with multiple
  Consumer's to acheive more throughput. Is there any better and
  efficent approach ?

A consumer group makes sense if you think about scale your service B out. If you want to have this possibility in the future, start with one instance of ServiceB inside the consumer group. If you use something like kubernetes, its simple do later on deploy more instances of your service if required. But do not invest to much on in an eventual future. Start simple and do some monitoring, and if you figure out some bottle necks, than act. One more thing to keep in mind, is that kafka by default keeps message for a long time (i guess 7 days by default) so if you thing in a classical message broker style you could get a lot of duplicates of your messages. Think about a update message, if somethings change, which is raised when your ServiceA starts. Maybe reducing the retention.ms would be an option, but take care not to loose messages.

Should i take out the Consumer part of ServiceB and make it as a
  separate service which is independent ?

No i think not.

If we are bundling it inside the ServiceB should i configure Consumer
  as a Listener ?  (We are going with spring boot for microservice)

Yes :-)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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HomeMovies TrailersDisney: Lady and the Tramp - trailer
Paramount Pictures: Mission Impossible – Fallout (2018) – Official Trailer
Hellboy 2019 – Movie Trailer
Marvel: Captain Marvel Trailer (2019)
HBO: Game of Thrones season 8 trailer
Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw Movie Trailer
Avengers: Endgame – NEW movie trailer
The Lion King (2019) Official movie trailer
Disney: Lady and the Tramp – trailer
Black Widow: Official Teaser Trailer – Marvel
Movies Trailers
Disney unveiled the official trailer for the Lady and the Tramp, a timeless re-telling of the 1955 animated classic. You already know the story of a pampered house dog and a tough but lovable stray embark on an unexpected adventure and, despite their differences, grow closer and come to understand the value of home.
The film was directed by Charlie Bean from a screenplay by Andrew Bujalski and Kari Granlund. The film stars Tessa Thompson and Justin Theroux as the voices of the titular characters with Kiersey Clemons, Thomas Mann, Yvette Nicole Brown, Ken Jeong, and F. Murray Abraham in live-action roles. Sam Elliott, Ashley Jensen, and Janelle Monáe also feature in the voice cast. The film will be dedicated to Chris Reccardi, a storyboard artist who died on May 2, 2019 of a heart attack.
Andrew BujalskiAshley JensenCharlie BeanDisneyF. Murray AbrahamJanelle MonáeJustin TherouxKari GranlundKen JeongKiersey ClemonsSam ElliottTessa ThompsonThomas MannYvette Nicole Brown


I'm keenly interested in political goings-on here in Scotland, not least given the 2014 independence referendum. I frequently post on the subject, and while I'm unashamedly "Yes" I hope I aim for a refreshingly balanced analysis and I welcome thoughtful debate in the comments.
In which I attempt to identify those reasons for independence that are not just highly likely and probable because of policy priorities, but utterly unarguable merely by virtue of independence happening. Add your own ideas.
Saturday 22 March 2014 in Scottish politics.
Monday 3 February 2014 in Scottish politics.
In which I take on a couple of anti-independence articles, aimed at international audiences, that effectively insult all independent countries around the world.
Thursday 9 January 2014 in Scottish politics.


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Expanding food trade in Central Asia through modernizing sanitary and phytosanitary measures
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Agriculture and Food, Health, Trade
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The rise of blockchain promises to revolutionize many sectors, including cross-border trade logistics and global supply chains: blockchain can help track international shipments more effectively,…
Chi Fung Fan, Almud Weitz, Yin Lam | June 06, 2019
Competitiveness, Digital Development, Trade, Transport
Decoding development: Insights from Singapore's Economic Development Board
Singapore's transformation into a trade and finance hub that leads global rankings of competitiveness often prompts observers to ask: What is its secret sauce? We at the Singapore Hub for…
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The innovation imperative: How Asia can leverage exponential technologies to improve lives and promote growth
Singapore: Global Innovation Forum Robots will take over our jobs, disrupt our industries and erode our competitiveness. Such were commonly expressed fears about advances in automation,…
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Preparing for the future - A logistics industry roadmap
Photo: Sarah Starkweather/Flickr The government of Singapore recently outlined its vision for the country's future, describing how different sectors could harness technology, innovation and…
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The Philippines: Resurrecting Manufacturing in a Services Economy
In recent years, the Philippines has ranked among the world's fastest-growing economies but needs to adjust to the demands of a dynamic global economy. The Philippines is at a fork in the…
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Building resilience, rebuilding lives with dignity
On World Refugee Day, we pay tribute to faces of resilience – mothers, fathers, husbands, wives, and children, who fled horrific circumstances as refugees, but who continue to strive every day to…
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Profiles of the Diaspora: Hanane Benkhallouk
"You can take the man out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the man." A native of Morocco, Hanane Benkhallouk began her career in New York before moving to Dubai in 2005…
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The Future is Here: Technology trends currently shaping the world of Logistics
Also available in: Spanish Emerging technologies are transforming global logistics. The evidence is everywhere: Logistics companies are exploring autonomous fleets and "lights-out" warehousing,…
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Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub
Then vs. now: the Port of Singapore circa 1900 (left) and today (right). Photos: KITLV/Peter Garnhum When it gained independence in 1965, Singapore was a low-income country with limited natural…
Yin Lam, Karuna Ramakrishnan | January 26, 2017
Transport, Trade, Macroeconomics and Fiscal Management, Jobs & Development, Governance


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JBLM Army Soldier Nathan Smith Sentenced to 11 Years to Life in Prison for Kidnapping, Rape, Attempted Rape, Torture, and Arson (May 28, 2010)
Nathan Smith, US Army
According to ABC News, US Army Staff Sgt. Nathan Ryan Smith, 29, was charged with kidnapping, rape, arson, and tampering with evidence in the State of Washington. Fort Lewis Army personnel reported that Nathan Smith was Absent Without Leave (AWOL) as of January 5, 2009. Washington state investigators said Smith was suspected of kidnapping and attacking two women.
Smith was accused of grabbing one woman on January 1, 2009 in a Tacoma, Washington parking lot. He allegedly choked her until she became unconscious. The woman claimed when she woke up, she was naked and bound with zip ties in someone's house. When she tried to free herself, she says she heard a man say, "If you fight, you'll die." Then she alleged the man put a knife to her face and said, "If you cooperate, you'll go home." According to this victim, the man believed to be Nathan Smith then gagged her and raped her. He also used electrified clamps to torture her and told the woman "If you tell anybody, police or anyone, I will kill you and your family. I can find you. I will find you."
"After he allegedly raped one woman, Smith told her, I have killed several people in Iraq. I'm crazy in the head, and if I get caught by police I will come looking for you and kill you." –ABC News
The second victim the police identified was a woman who was kidnapped on January 3, 2009. She claimed once they arrived at the assailant's home, he choked her until she blacked out. She told police that when she woke up, her hands were bound and she had a gag in her mouth. She managed to escape and ran to a neighbor's house who called the Washington State police. The second woman gave a similar description as the first victim of the man who kidnapped her. She also identified the same car the first victim identified, the same car Nathan Smith drove.
In both instances the victims said their attacker fit Smith's description and drove the same kind of car that is registered to Smith. Washington State Police reported that Fort Lewis Army soldier Nathan Smith served as a calvary scout in Iraq from September 2006 to October 2007 and has military and wilderness survival skills. Nathan Smith is considered extremely dangerous. When finally captured and arrested, The News Tribune in Tacoma reported that Smith pleaded not guilty at his arraignment. In 2010, Smith changed his plea to guilty; guilty of one count of second-degree rape, one count of attempted second-degree rape, and one count of first-degree arson. The prosecutor requested 12 years for Smith, adding the brutality he inflicted on the women was off the charts. On May 28, 2010, the Judge sentenced Nathan Smith to 11 years to life in prison and it will be up to the Washington state Indeterminate Sentence Review Board to determine when, if ever, Smith is released.
He apologized to the women before being sentencing, saying he hopes the pain he caused them does not endure. He also apologized to his former comrades in arms. "They're in Iraq right now, which is where I should be," said Smith, a former cavalry scout with the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division…Defense attorney Wayne Fricke requested a low-end sentence of nine years, three months, saying his client had served his country honorably before going over the line with the women – prostitutes he'd hired to have sex with him. –The News Tribune
AWOL Soldier Wanted in Kidnappings, Rape
Ex-soldier gets 11 years to life in Parkland sexual assault case
Violent Crime, Suicide & Non Combat Death at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington (US Army)
This entry was posted in Armed Forces, Army, Felony Crime, Military Policy, Scandals, Sexual Assault and tagged 2nd Infantry Division, 3rd Brigade, Absent Without Leave, Army, Army, AWOL, Cavalry Scout, Felony Crime, Felony Crime, Fort Lewis, Iraq, Iraq War, JBLM, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Kidnapping, Nathan Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Rape, Veteran, Veterans by Administrator. Bookmark the permalink.


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Close to my Heart has extended the special for the $5 layouts in Studio J. You can now take advantage of this special offer until March15, 2013.
If you have not tried this I highly recommend you do. It is so easy to complete some of your layout and it takes some much less time than if you were to scrapbook them the conventional way. Now don't get me wrong I still love to scrapbook from scratch with paper and will never give that up. But if you are like me and most scrapbookers you are years behind. I was able to finish 11 layouts in about 4 hours. If i was to have scrapbooked those same pages it would have taken my more than 24 hours. Pick a project or two and give it a try, you will be surprised at how nice they turn out and how much you can get done. I used the express collection for most of my layouts. Take a look at some of the layouts I created.
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Welcome to Roxybonds Scrappers Team Blog Hop!
This are now featuring artwork from the Spring / Sumer 2013 catalog and this month we will be showcasing the For Always Papers.
If you have come her from Stephanie's Blog then you are in the right spot. Unfortunately we are the only two participating this month. I hope you enjoy the creations.
For this two page layout I use Ruby and Whisper cardstock in conjunction with the For Always paper. I love the new fabrics that match this line. I used them to create the flowers. I also love the new black assorted buttons they have a bit of glitter to them.
This is a penny slider card. I love creating cards with movement.
If you are starting here please hop on over to Stephanie's blog to see her wonderful creations.
Do you have lots of photos to scrapbook like me? There never seems to be enough time to get it all done. Have you ever thought about doing digital scrapbook layouts? Well I have a deal for you…… This month Studio J two page layouts are only $5 that is a savings of $1.95 per layout!! This is a great opportunity to try Studio J and get some of those projects done. You will be amazed at how easy it is to create fantastic layout in very little time.
So what are you waiting for get started now before the February gets away from you.
As most of you know every mont Close to My Heart offers an exclusive stamp set which is only available during that month. The stamp set retails for $17.95 but if you place an order for $50 you can get that "D" sized stamp set for just $5. That is 70% off, now we all love deals right!!!


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Q: How to convert website using webform to .net mvc core Now i have website TDMWATER
Microsoft ASP.NET
4.0.30319
Some time it very slow , downtime , every one week i must rebuild source code and restart server to reslove this problem so i decided upgrade from webform .net framework . How to convert from webform 4.0 framework to mvc .net core by some tool and reuse old source code is the  best ?
convert website using webform to .net mvc core

A: This needs to be considered from many aspects:
1. Page
You need to replace the original page with the appropriate html page.
2. Background logic
According to the website you posted, most of them belong to the standard CRUD interface. Design each entity first, and then use AbpHelper.Gui and AbpHelper.CLI to generate related codes and interfaces. The generated interface can basically be used, and what needs to be improved is to increase the query function and adjust the authority.
The DataTables.Net-based page generated by the ABP MVC/Razor Page template supports paging and sorting, but it does not support query by default, and needs to be added according to the actual situation. We can use the query function that comes with DataTables.Net to realize the query.
3. Import of website data
This part mainly includes product data and activation-related data. You can use an ADO library written by yourself for .Net Core to export the original data to Xml, and read the data from Xml in the new application for initialization.
4. Product content page
The content of the product was originally kept in the database, but now it is saved in the file. When the product page is loaded, the display is read from the file.
5. Url relocation
Including the Url for exchanging data with the outside world and the interface Url for ensuring SEO consistency. It can be realized by the ReWrite middleware of .Net Core.
6. Deploy and run
This needs to be determined according to your own situation. If you want your website to withstand more traffic, you still need a more powerful server.
Of course, this is a huge project in itself and I am also very new to your website source code. So you need a professional team.


text:
"Freebie" Marketing, Tacoma Narrows Bridge – Disaster Strikes, Ebonics – IELTS Reading Answers
1.2 "Freebie" Marketing
2.1 Tacoma Narrows Bridge – Disaster Strikes
2.5 Questions 25 and 26
3.1 Ebonics
3.2 Questions 27—30
4.1.1 Question 1-13
4.2.1 Question 14 – 26
4.4.1 Question 27-40
Reading Passage 1 has six sections A-F.
Choose the correct headings for sections A-F from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
No giveaways for addictive products
Sales of razor blades increase astronomically
The monopoly of consumables is vital for success
Video gaming – a risky business
A novel method of dual marketing ruled out
Freebie marketing restricted to legal goods
Buyer ingenuity may lead to bankruptcy
A marketing innovation
A product innovation
More money to be made from high – quality products
1. Section A
2. Section B
3. Section C
4. Section D
5. Section E
6. Section F
"Freebie" Marketing
A. In the late 1890s, while travelling as an Itinerant salesperson for the Crown, Cork, and Seal Company. King C. Gillette observed how his corked bottle caps were discarded immediately after opening. Nevertheless, his company turned a healthy profit and there was Immense business value. Gillette soon came to realise, in a product that was used only a few times. Gillette had his own personal breakthrough while Struggling with a straight-bladed razor – a slow, fiddly, and potentially dangerous instrument that required sharpening on a regular basis. A simple, disposable blade that could be thrown away when it dulled would meet a real need and generate strong profits, he correctly reasoned. After founding the American Safety Razor Company In 1901. his sales leapt from 168 blades in 1903 to 123.648 blades only a year later.
B. What King C. Gillette pioneered is far more than a convenient and affordable way for men to shave, however, it is the business practice now known as "freebie marketing" that has inspired many more companies over the years. Gillette's approach was contrary to the received wisdom of his era. which held that a single, durable, high-quality, and relatively expensive consumer item with a high-profit margin was the best foundation for a business. Freebie marketing involves two sets of items: a master product that is purchased once, and a consumable product that is frequently disposed of and repurchased on an ongoing basis. In this instance, the master product is often sold with little to no profit margin and Is sometimes even dispensed at a loss. As the consumables are purchased over months and years, however, this can yield a much greater overall profit.
C. Freebie marketing only works if the producer of the master item is also able to maintain control over the creation and distribution of the consumables. If this does not happen, then cheaper versions of the consumable Items may be produced, leaving the original company without a source of profit. The video game company Atari, for example, initially sold its Atari 2600 consoles at cost price while relying on game sales for profit. Several programmers loft Atari, however, and began a new company called Activision which produced cheaper games of similar quality. Suddenly. Atari was left with no way to make money. Lawsuits to block Activision failed, and Atari survived only by adding licensing measures to Its subsequent 5200 and 7800 consoles.
D. In other instances, consumers sometimes find that uses for a master product circumvent the need to purchase consumables. This phenomenon is well known to have afflicted the producers of CueCat barcode readers. These were given away free through Wired magazine with the Intention that they would be used by customers to scan barcodes next to advertisements in the publication and thus generate new revenue flows. Users discovered, however, that the machines could be easily modified and used for other purposes, such as building a personal database of book and CD collections. As no licensing agreement was ever reached between Wired and its magazine subscribers. CueCat were powerless to intervene, and after company liquidation, the barcode readers soon became available In quantities over 500.000 for as little as US$0.30 each.
E. Not oil forms of freebie marketing are legal. One notable example of this is the use of freebie marketing to "push" habit-forming goods in areas where there is otherwise no market. For illegal substances, this is already restricted on the basis of the product's illegality, but the use of freebie marketing to promote legal goods such as tobacco, alcohol and pharmaceuticals is also outlawed because the short-term gain to a small number of commercial outlets is not deemed worth the social cost of widespread substance abuse.
F. Another practice that is prohibited under antitrust laws is a form of freebie marketing known as "tying". This is when a seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the acquisition of a second good. In these instances, the first good is typically important and highly desirable, while the .second is inferior and undesirable. A music distributor who has the rights to an album that it is in high demand, for example, might only allow stores to purchase copies of this album if they also buy an unpopular stock that does not sell very easily. Because this typically relies on the manipulation of a natural monopoly on the part of the distributor, such practices are widely understood to constitute anti-competitive behaviour.
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.
7. The new tactic of freebie marketing ran against the ……………….. of Gillette's time.
8. Occasionally, people who buy a master product find ways of using it that get around the necessity of buying more ……………….
9. Wired never had a ……………….. with its customers about the use of the barcode readers.
Freebie marketing is not permitted by law for either illegal or legal 10 ………………… products. This type of promotion of goods such as tobacco and alcohol is not considered worth the 11 …………….. and has consequently been outlawed. "Tying" is also prohibited. This is when the sale of an attractive product is 12 …………………. on the purchase of another. It tends to occur when the seller takes advantage of a natural monopoly and is generally considered to be 13 ………………..
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14—26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge – Disaster Strikes
A. When the Tacoma Narrows Bridge opened for traffic on 1 July 1940, it was celebrated as a major engineering achievement. Even before construction was completed, however, flaws in the design were apparent; workers sucked on lemon slices to avoid motion sickness as the structure swayed in the relatively mild winds. Engineers tried three different revisions during construction to address the vibration problem. Initially, tie-down cables were anchored to fifty-tonne bulkheads on the river banks. These were ineffective, as the cables soon detached. Then, a pair of inclined cable locks were introduced to connect die main cables to the bridge deck at mid-span. These stayed throughout the bridge's lifespan but did nothing to reduce vibration. A further measure – the installation of hydraulic dampers between the towers and the floor system – was nullified because the dampers were compromised when the bridge was sandblasted before painting.
B. Shortly after opening, the bridge quickly acquired the fond nickname of "Galloping Gertie" because of the way it would roll in either side-to-side or lengthways movements – known in physics terms as the longitudinal and transverse modes of vibration respectively. These movements did not compromise the core integrity of the structure but did make the crossing of a somewhat white-knuckle affair. Many driven reported seeing cars ahead disappear from sight several times as they sank into troughs from transverse vibrations (imagine the ripple across a packed stadium during a Mexican wave). The experience of a longitudinal wave is closely analogous, but more accurately associated with the waves one would encounter in the ocean. On a suspension bridge though, these waves are a unique experience – some daredevils were happy to pay the 75c toll just for the thrill.
C. Four months later, however, a never-before-seen type of vibration began afflicting the bridge in what were still fairly gentle winds (about 40kmph). Rather than the simple "wave" motion that characterizes longitudinal and transverse vibration, the left side of the bridge would rise while the right side fell, but the centre line of the road would remain completely level. This was proved when two men walked along the centre of the bridge completely unaffected by the rocking motions around them. Visually, the bridge's movements seemed to be more like a butterfly flapping its wings than a simple rolling motion. Engineers now understand this to be the torsional mode of vibration, and it is extremely hard to detect. In aeroplane design, for example, even minute shifts of die aircraft's mass distribution and an alteration in one component can affect a component with which it has no logical connection. In its milder forms, this can cause a slight buzzing noise, similar to that which a wasp or a bumblebee makes, but when allowed to develop unchecked, it can eventually cause the total destruction of an aeroplane.
D. The torsional mode of vibration is dying consequence of a set of actions known as aerostatic flutter. This involves several different elements of a structure oscillating from the effect of wind, with each cycle of fluttering building more energy into the bridge's movements and neutralizing any structural damping effects. Because the wind pumps in more energy than the structure can dissipate, and the oscillations feed off each other to become progressively stronger, the aerostatic flutter and torsional vibrations were all but assured to destroy the Tacoma Bridge on the morning of 7 November. At 11:00 a.m., the fluttering had increased to such amplitude that the suspender cables were placed under excessive strain. When these budded, the weight of the deck transferred to the adjacent cables which in turn were unable to support the weight. These cables buckled, leaving nothing to stop the central deck breaking off into the Tacoma River.
E. It was at around 10:15 a.m. on 7 November that torsional vibration began afflicting the bridge. This made driving treacherous, and newspaper editor Leonard Coatsworth's car was jammed against the curb in the centre of the bridge as he attempted to cross. Coatsworth tried to rescue his daughter's cocker spaniel from the back seat but was unsuccessful, and fearing for his life, crawled and staggered to safety on his own. At this point, an engineering professor named Beit Farquhatson proceeded onto the bridge in an attempt to save the frightened animal. Farqulunoii had been video-recording from the banks of the river and had just returned from purchasing more rolls of film. As an avowed dog lover, he felt obliged to attempt a rescue. Unfortunately, the professor too was bitten and retreated empty-handed, walking off just moments before the cables snapped and the giant concrete mass of the central deck caved inwards and disappeared into the river.
Engineers used various techniques while building the bridge to reduce wobble:
• they attached 14 …………………. to heavy blocks on the shoreline
• they fastened main cables to the middle of the 15 …………………
• 16 ……………………. were placed between the tallest parts of the structure and the deck.
Complete the table below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Mode of Vibration Description
17 ……………………… moving repeatedly to the left and right
18 ……………………… up and down motion; like a wave
Torsional… resembling motions of a 19 ……………….
20 ………………….. is a series of actions leading to torsional oscillation. Various components move back and forth from the force of the 21____________ eventually, the structure absorbs more 22 ………………….. than it is able to disperse and the 23 …………………… increase in intensity until the structure collapses under the 24 ………………..
Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters. A—E.
Write your answers in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following were on the bridge at the time of the collapse?
A. filming equipment
B. a small dog
C. Leonard Coatsworth's daughter
D. a vehicle
E. Professor Farquharson
A. Ebonics – also known by a host of other names such as African American Vemocular English, Black English, Black Vernacular, and so on — is an African-American language that has its roots in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, as African captives devised the means to communicate with each other and with their captors. In the South of the United States, these Pan-African languages co-mingled with Standard English and the Southern dialect. Many uniquely African American components have arisen over the last two centuries, and all of these influences have forged what is now known as Ebonics.
B. In 1996, debates around the nature of "Ebonics'' in the United States came to ahead. That year, the Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) in California enacted Resolution 597-003, which officially recognized that African-American students "as part of their culture and history as African people possess and utilize a language". Alternatively referred to as Ebonics (literally "black sounds"), African Communication Behaviours, and African Language Systems, this language was declared to be "genetically-based" rather than a dialect of Standard English.
C. Within the profession of language research and pedagogy, a strong consensus formed behind the OUSD's decision to recognise Ebonics. Linguistics professor John Rickford noted that Ebonics was not simply characterised by erroneous grammar and large slang vocabulary, but that underlying this language was a structured form and process of grammar and phonology that made English learning for Ebonics speakers far more complex a task than simply dropping bad habits. English teachers, Rickford counselled, must, therefore, accept and embrace these complexities.
D. The Linguistic Society of America (LSA) concurred with Rickford, adding that whether or not Ebonics should be defined as a dialect or a language does not matter in terms of its "validity". While linguists studying Ebonics typically restrain from prescribing edicts in favour of tracking changes in form and style, the LSA did point to the fact that speakers of Swedish and Norwegian can typically understand each other while conversing in different "languages", whereas Mandarin and Cantonese speakers cannot understand each other's "dialects" to conclude that spatial and social tensions, rather than strict linguistic criteria, were the crucial factors in defining these terms.
E. For many others, however, the OUSD's decision was tantamount to endorsing lazy, vulgar, and "broken" English — the equivalent, perhaps, of acknowledging "text-speak" or Internet slang as a valid form of expression. Recognizing and fostering the use of informal, culturally-specific spoken language, say those detractors, traps users in a kind of linguistic ghetto in which they can interact with other disenfranchised and excluded citizens, but cannot engage within the public sphere in a meaningful way. Because of the dominance of Standard English in the United States, Ebonics-only speakers are essentially unable to go to university and work in high-valued professions, and they are unlikely to be electable to any kind of public office (even in areas with a high density of black residents, those who lose their Ebonics-tinged speech patterns fend to be more trusted).
F. Psychology professor Ladonna Lewis Rush has noted, however, that the OUSD's resolution did not promote Ebonics instruction as an alternative to Standard English in an either-or approach but was intended to provide a better springboard for black achievement in English education. The systematic devaluation of Ebonics in American society parallels. Rush has argued, the devaluation of African-Americans in general. While a demeaning attitude can lead to social exclusion, teachers are suggested to think inductively and encourage Ebonics speakers to use and collaborate their way of speaking while understanding that the language of the workplace, and of academics, is Standard English. Nobel Prize-winning journalist Toni Morrison has also found a reciprocal, mutually enriching use for both Ebonics and Standard English. "There are certain ideas and ways of thinking I cannot say without recourse to my [Ebonics, language … I know Standard English. I want to use it to restore the other language, the lingua Franca."
G. In the media, the Ebonics controversy has mostly been portrayed as a revival of black-versus-white confrontation — this time over linguistic differences — but journalist Joan Walsh thinks there are bask elements inherent in the dispute that people do not want to openly discuss. She considers that there is increasing resentment by black parents and teachers who see enormous amounts of federal and state support going into Asian and Latino bilingual programmes. As immigration continues to increase, a greater proportion of the school budget is going into these programmes. The question has to be raised: why should immigrant children get English-language assistance as well as reinforcement of their own language and culture while native-born African-Americans get no such resources? Walsh maintains inner-city black children are more isolated than in the past and have less social interaction with those fluent in Standard English. For this reason, they need help by trained teachers to translate the native tongue they hear at home into the English of the classroom.
H. Ebonics should be treated as a black contribution to culture in the way that jazz and rock-and-roll have been welcomed — the new vocabulary and imagery has added to the American language rather than devalued it. In Walsh's eyes, there has always been "white mistrust of how black people handle their business" but "in the public realm, white disdain yields block intransigence more reliably than 'P comes before e'".
Questions 27—30
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27—30 on your answer sheet.
Ebonics originated from the 27 ………………… The prisoners found a way to talk to other enslaved Africans as well as to 28 ………………….. In the southern USA, several African languages mixed with English and the local 29 ………………….. Over time, many distinctive 30 ………………….. have been added to produce the Ebonics language of today.
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-K. below.
Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 31 —37 on your answer sheet.
31. In 1996, the Oakland Unified School District passed a measure
32. According to John Rickford, it is a good idea when teaching Standard English
33. Linguists studying Black speech patterns are only able
34. The LSA nailed that definitions of "dialect" and "language" are generally away
35. Critics of vernacular alternatives to Standard English tend
36. Ladonna Lewis Rush argues that it is important for educators
37. Toni Morrison finds it necessary
to use Ebonies in order to express specific concepts
to recognise the genetic differences between African-American students and others
to acknowledge the systematic differences that Ebonies speakers must learn to overcome
to consider Ebonies as lazy English rather than a unique form of expression
to admit Ebonies users to university to gain more knowledge
to make a statement about particular geo-social relationships
to compare Scandinavian languages and Chinese dialects
to declare Ebonies an independent language, not a variation on English
to honour positive aspects of Ebonies, while emphasising the necessity of Standard English for formal use
to approve the language of text messaging as a legitimate mode of communication
to describe how Ebonies has developed without dictating rules for proper usage
Question 1-13
1. ix
Para A – Line 5, 6, 7
value. Gillette soon came to realise, in a product that was used only a few times. Gillette had his own personal breakthrough while struggling with a straight-bladed razor – a slow. Tiddly, and potentially dangerous instrument that required sharpening on a regular basis. A simple, disposable blade that could be thrown away when it dulled would meet a real need and generate…
2. viii
Para B – Line 2, 3
shave, however, it is the business practice now known as "freebie marketing" that has Inspired many more companies over the years. Gillette's approach was contrary to the received wisdom
3. iii
Para C – Line 1, 2
C Freebie marketing only works If the producer of the master item is also able to maintain control over the creation and distribution of the consumables. If this does not happen, then
4. vii
Para D – Line 1,2
D in other instances, consumers sometimes find that uses for a master product circumvent the need to purchase consumables. This phenomenon is well known to have afflicted the
5. i
E Not all forms of freebie marketing are legal. One notable example of this is the use of freebie marketing to "push" habit-forming goods in areas where there is otherwise no market. For
6. v
F Another practice that is prohibited under antitrust laws is a form of freebie marketing known as "tying". This is when a seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the acquisition
7. received wisdom
Paragraph B -Line 3
many more companies over the years. Gillette's approach was contrary to the received wisdom of his era. which held that a single, durable, high-quality, and relatively expensive consumer item
8. consumables
Paragraph D – Line 1, 2
D in other instances, consumers sometimes find that uses for a master product circumvent
the need to purchase consumables. This phenomenon is well known to have afflicted the
9. licensing agreement
building a personal database of book and CD collections. As no licensing agreement was ever reached between Wired and its magazine subscribers. CueCat was powerless to intervene…
10. habit-forming
Paragraph E – Line 1, 2
11. social cost
Paragraph E – Line 4, 5, 6
freebie marketing to promote legal goods such as tobacco, alcohol, and pharmaceuticals is also outlawed because the short-term gain to a small number of commercial outlets is not deemed worth the social cost of widespread substance abuse.
12. conditional
Paragraph F – Line 2
known as "tying". This is when a seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the acquisition of a second good. In these instances, the first good is typically Important and highly desirable.
13. anti-competitive behaviour
Paragraph F – Line 7,8
they also buy an unpopular stock that does not sell very easily. Because this typically relies on the manipulation of a natural monopoly on the part of the distributor, such practices are widely understood to constitute anti-competitive behaviour…
Question 14 – 26
14. tie-down cables
Para 1 – Line 4
tried three different revisions during construction to address the vibration problem. Initially, tie-down cables were anchored to fifty-tonne bulkheads on the river banks. These were ineffective, as the cables soon…
15. bridge deck
detached. Then, a pair of inclined cable locks were introduced to connect the main cables to the bridge deck at mid-span. These stayed throughout the bridge's lifespan but did nothing to reduce vibration…
16. hydraulic dampers
measure – the installation of hydraulic dampers between the towers and the floor system – was nullified because the dampers were compromised when the bridge was sandblasted before painting.
17. longitudinal
Para 2 – Line 2, 3
way, it would roll in either side-to-side or lengthways movements – known in physics terms as the longitudinal and transverse modes of vibration respectively. These movements did not compromise the core…
18. transverse
19. butterfly
more like a butterfly flapping its wings than a simple rolling motion. Engineers now understand this to be the torsional mode of vibration, and it is extremely hard to detect. In aeroplane design, for example, even a minute…
20. aerostatic flutter
The torsional mode of vibration is the consequence of a set of actions known as aerostatic flutter. This involves
21. wind
several different elements of a structure oscillating from the effect of wind, with each cycle of fluttering
22. energy
wind pumps in more energy than the structure can dissipate, and the oscillations feed off each other to become
23. oscillations/vibrations
wind pumps in more energy than the structure can dissipate, and the oscillations feed off each other to become progressively stronger, the aerostatic flutter and torsional vibrations were all but assured to destroy the
24. strain
Tacoma Bridge on the morning of 7 November. At 11:00 a.m., the fluttering had increased to such amplitude that dies suspender cables were placed under excessive strain. When these buckled, the weight of the deck…
25, 26 BD (in either order)
driving treacherous, and newspaper editor Leonard Coatsworth's car was jammed against the curb in the centre of the bridge as he attempted to cross. Coatsworth tried to rescue his daughter's cocker spaniel from the back seat but was unsuccessful, and fearing for his life, crawled and staggered to safety on his own. …
Of, involving, moved by, or operated by a fluid, especially water, under pressure
Longitudinal = lengthways
Of or relating to longitude or length
One who is recklessly bold
27. (trans-Atlantic) slave trade
Ebonics – also known by a host of other names such as African American Vernacular English, Black English, Black Vernacular, and so on — is an African-American language that has its roots in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, as African captives devised the means to communicate with each other and with their captors. In the
28. their captors
trade, as African captives, devised the means to communicate with each other and with their captors. In the
29. (Southern) dialect
Para 1 – Line 4,5
South of the United States, these Pan-African languages co-mingled with Standard English and the Southern dialect. Many uniquely African-American components have arisen over the last two centuries and all of these
30. (African – American) components
dialect. Many uniquely African-American components have arisen over the last two centuries, and all of these influences have forged what is now known as Ebonics.
31. H
Para 2 – Line 2,3,4
In 1996, debates around the nature of "Ebonics" in the United States came to ahead. That year, the Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) in California enacted Resolution 597-003, which officially recognised that African-American students "as part of their culture and history as African people possess and utilise a language". Alternatively referred to as Ebonics (literally "black sounds"), African Communication Behaviours.
more complex a task than simply dropping bad habits. English teachers, Rickford counselled, must, therefore, accept and embrace these complexities.
defined as a dialect or a language does not matter in terms of its "validity". While linguists studying Ebonics typically restrain from prescribing edicts in favour of tracking changes in form and style…
typically restrain from prescribing edicts in favour of tracking changes in form and style, the LSA did point to the fact that speakers of Swedish and Norwegian can typically understand each other while conversing in different "languages", whereas Mandarin and Cantonese speakers cannot understand each other's "dialects" to conclude that spatial and social tensions, rather than strict linguistic criteria, were the crucial factors in
For many others, however, the OUSD's decision was tantamount to endorsing lazy, vulgar, and "broken" English — the equivalent, perhaps, of acknowledging "text-speak" or Internet slang as a valid form of expression. Recognising and fostering the use of informal, culturally-specific spoken language, say these
demeaning attitude can lead to social exclusion, teachers are suggested to think inclusively and encourage Ebonics speakers to use and celebrate their way of speaking while understanding that the language of the workplace, and of academics, is Standard English. Nobel Prize-winning journalist Toni Morrison has also found
a reciprocal, mutually enriching use for both Ebonics and Standard English. "There are certain ideas and ways of thinking I cannot say without recourse to my [Ebonics language _ I know the Standard English. I want to use it to restore the other language, the lingua franca."
38 – 40 B D F (in any order)
Para 8 – Line 1, 2 Ebonics should be treated as a black contribution to culture in the way that jazz and rock-and-roll have been welcomed — the new vocabulary and imagery have added to the American language rather than devalued it.
inherent in the dispute that people do not want to openly discuss. She considers that there is increasing resentment by black parents and teachers who see enormous amounts of federal and state support going into Asian and Latino bilingual programmes. As immigration continues to increase, a greater proportion of the
Para 7 -Line 7, 8
get English-language assistance as well as reinforcement of their own language and culture while native-born African-Americans get no such resources? Walsh maintains inner-city black children are more isolated than in the past and have less social interaction with those fluent in Standard English. For this reason, they need help
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sujitha says:
pls could u send me the answers for daily ielts reading practice 20
pls send the answer key.thank you.
Jailyn Pebbry Doliente says:
Please post the answer key. Thank you