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8th ANNIV PARTY
Lisa Kessler
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Entangled Otherworld
Book 6 of Moon Series
Paranormal Romance, Vamps & Shifters Romance
She's his muse, his mate, and she's completely off-limits.
He's a jerk, a recluse, and her newest assignment.
Until he broke her heart, Vivianna Lopez loved Logan Reynolds.
Five years later, she's an aspiring music journalist and he's the camera-shy lead singer of Logan and the Howlers.
Armed with a backstage pass, Vivi's back in her hometown of Reno, nestled in the shadows of the Sierra Nevada mountains. She must score an interview with Logan to land her dream job - otherwise it's back to Boston, with no scoop and no job. It's just business�at least that's what she keeps telling herself.
Logan still loves Vivi, his soul mate, but there's something even she doesn't know about him: He turns into a werewolf every full moon and a secret organization is hunting down his Pack.
Vivi may not have Logan's senses, but she can sniff out that he's hiding something. He knows it's only a matter of time before the truth about him - and his Pack - is revealed.
And then he really will lose her.
Book Review by Gabrielle Sally (author,reviewer)
Dec 24, 2016 [ OFFICIAL REVIEW ]
145 people found the following review helpful
BLUE MOON by Lisa Kessler is sort of a rock star story, except that this particular rock star also happens to be a werewolf. It's also a story of unrequited love, not for lack of trying, and redemption. Vivianna Lopez has a shot at her dream job working as a music journalist for Rolling Stone, but only if she can get an interview with Logan Reynolds, lead singer of Logan and the Howlers, and a known recluse.
Except, these two have a history. One where he broke her heart and left her alone, in her prom dress. Yep, high school sweethearts.
There are secrets and then there are secrets. And admitting to a human, who also happens to be your mate, that you're a werewolf is probably the biggest one there is. Add in pack politics, an evil faction, and a great deal of angst, sometimes walking away seems like the best solution. Especially when you're trying to protect the one you love and your denial ends up putting them in more danger.
Likes: The characters are well-developed; the dialogue is realistic; when Anna (Vivi) and Logan come together, sparks fly, and yes, the both finally get their happily ever after.
BLUE MOON is book 6 in the Moon series and like the others, is a standalone story. However, because it is far into the series, the other characters that come through the story are a bit like visiting with old friends.
Book Review by Dawn (reviewer)
49 people found the following review helpful
To get a second chance, one man has to reveal himself...and his wolf.
Anna has always had big dreams of being a journalist. She just needs an interview with a reclusive rock star to seal the deal. A man who isn't a fan of the media or publicity. And he's also the same guy who she used to share her secrets with. The one who once held her heart and then in turn broke it to pieces. Yeah...that man.
Logan has regrets when it comes to Vivianna, but he still thinks he did the right thing by setting her loose years ago. Her bright future would have been dimmed by the dangers in his life as a werewolf. She has no idea about this other side of him or his Pack. And Logan hoped to keep it that way.
But when the pair reunites, it becomes obvious that their sizzling chemistry is still there. And no amount of effort to ignore their attraction will help. Logan can't stand the idea of letting Anna walk out of his life a second time. He just has to convince her to accept him as a werewolf and he needs to keep her safe long enough to rekindle their flame.
This was one realistic story. Not that I believe in fairy tale werewolves and shifter jaguars or women with the ability to set things on fire. No, I mean in the romantic sense. Anna really surprised me by being pretty darn sensible about protecting herself and her heart from the man who left her without a word. Heroines are usually so quick to take back the guy who did them wrong, but not this chick. She really made him work for it and earn her trust.
The romance was still spicy, despite the fact that Anna didn't faint at Logan's feet like the rest of his screaming female fans. The two had a lot of sexual tension and some hot-and-cold moments that left me wanting more. And I got it. There was no lack of romance in this book and I happily absorbed every page of it.
As for the paranormal element, it was a big part of the story and became more complex as the book went on. This is pretty far into the series so it was probably not the best book to start with. Still, I tried to keep the characters straight, especially with all of the little tidbits of information about character/couple history. And there was quite a bit of that too. I'm definitely excited to jump right into the next book.
In closing...
Dangerous villains, steamy romance, and hot werewolves! Four stars!
A dazzling romance series
The Best Is Yet To Be (de Wolfe Pack Book 15)
"YOU'RE IN BIG TROUBLE, DOLL"
#FREE at all major e-book retailers.
What do you do when forever unravels?
To return to her tribe, means sacrificing a future with the man she loves
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January 21, 2020 12:07 AM ( EST )


In this post, we share seven fundamental capabilities large enterprises need to instrument around their Kubernetes investments in order to be able to effectively implement it and utilize it to drive their business.
Typically, when developers begin to experiment with Kubernetes, they end up deploying Kubernetes on a set of servers. This is only a proof of concept (POC) deployment, and what we see is that this basic deployment is not something you can take into production for long-standing applications, since it is missing critical components to ensure smooth operations of mission-critical Kubernetes-based apps. While deploying a local Kubernetes environment can be a simple procedure that's completed within days, an enterprise-grade deployment is quite another challenge.
A complete Kubernetes infrastructure needs proper DNS, load balancing, Ingress and K8's role-based access control (RBAC), alongside a slew of additional components that then makes the deployment process quite daunting for IT. Once Kubernetes is deployed comes the addition of monitoring and all the associated operations playbooks to fix problems as they occur — such as when running out of capacity, ensuring HA, backups, and more. Finally, the cycle repeats again, whenever there's a new version of Kubernetes released by the community, and your production clusters need to be upgraded without risking any application downtime.


@AutoTrader_com Best product placement I have seen in a looooooooong time last night on fairly legal!
Was that just product placement on #FairlyLegal? http://t.co/Pj8qT2zS?!
I wonder if this season of #FairlyLegal will have has much Magic: The Gathering product placement as last season.


Released this week, "Creating Visibility and Healthy Learning Environments for Native Americans in Higher Education" describes a dismal reality for indigenous students seeking higher education and outlines corrective steps that institutions of higher learning can take.
The report stems from the Indigenous Higher Education Equity Initiative, a two-day August meeting in Denver hosted by the American Indian College Fund. The event convened leaders from Colorado State University, tribal and mainstream colleges and universities, non-profit organizations, foundations, institutes, associations and Native college students to craft a plan to increase visibility and promote college access and success for Native Americans.
The initiative dovetailed with the Reclaiming Native Truth project last year by the First Nations Development Institute and Echo Hawk Consulting that explored public perceptions about indigenous peoples. It found that in spite of more than 1,000 tribes with five million members and growing, Native Americans are misunderstood and misrepresented at best and invisible at worst.
Removal is another way of rendering indigenous peoples invisible, and that's what happened to Thomas Kanewakeron Gray and Lloyd Skanahwati Gray last May, the report contends.
The Grays, members of the Mohawk nation, got lost on their way from New Mexico to a tour of Colorado State for prospective students. They arrived late and eventually caught up with their group, only to be detained and patted down by campus police after the mother of another touring student called 911 and said the teens looked suspicious.
By the time they produced proof of their identities and participation, the tour was over. The university later apologized; its vice president for enrollment and access, Leslie Taylor, served on the IHEEI organizing committee.
The incident "underscored the necessity that education leaders take action to increase the visibility of Native students' experiences, stories, and lives in curriculum, on campus and in higher education research," the report says.
Although 30.3 percent of the U.S. population over the age of 25 has a bachelor's degree, that's the case for only 14 percent of Native American and Alaska Natives in that age range, according to U.S. Census statistics. Meanwhile, 27.7 percent of the Native American and Alaska Native population is under the age of 18 – higher than the 23 percent overall, which has implications for college access and completion as those youngsters approach college age.
· Native students have a right to higher education and to attend any college or university they choose, and an inherent right to a place on college campuses that fosters their sense of belonging and importance in their campus community.
· Colleges and universities are duty-bound to recognize and acknowledge that their campuses reside on the original homelands of indigenous peoples; to incorporate indigenous knowledge for Native students to survive and thrive; to make visible, advocate for and empower Native students' degree attainment; and to cultivate an ethic of care in supporting Native peoples by listening, learning and engaging with Native students, faculty and staff.
· Colleges and universities also have a responsibility to uphold tribal sovereignty by generating meaningful government-to-government relationships with tribal nations and tribal colleges and universities.
· Senior leadership at higher education institutions must make a commitment to do system-level work that benefits Native students' college-degree attainment.
The report recommends numerous scalable remedies for each principle, such as creating and communicating to all campus guests "land acknowledgments" regarding prior indigenous occupancy; evaluating campus names and mascots that "reinforce racism and White supremacy" and removing "harmful vestiges of the past" to create more welcoming campuses; increasing Native professors and administrators across the board; enriching academic programs by including indigenous history and culture; and creating a social and academic space for Native students staffed by Native people who understand their challenges.
It also calls for forming campus committees and groups to better understand Native students' needs when creating policies and programs that affect them; improving institutional data about and providing meaningful financial assistance to Native students; considering tuition waivers for Native students in states that took Indian land to give to land-grant schools; and senior leadership taking a systems-level approach at senior leadership levels that holds the entire campus community accountable for an environment that supports Native students' success.
Foster Cournoyer Hogan, a sophomore at Stanford University from the Sicangu Lakota Oyate, Rosebud Sioux tribe in South Dakota, said participating in the gathering inspired him and allowed him to hear from Native scholars and make new connections.
The Native American Studies major said that living in a Native-themed house at Stanford this year with other Native students has enhanced his college experience. But it often feels "exhausting" being the only Native student in a class and having to educate others inside the classroom and out, whether it's the omission of relevant indigenous contributions or classmates who compare his ritual sage-burning to marijuana, he said.
"I was one of the only people in my tribe to attend Stanford up until this year," he said, adding that the arrival of his nephew this school year has allowed him to provide the kind of guidance and camaraderie he wished he had when a freshman.
"I come from a small reservation in the Midwest, and going to the West Coast was crazy culture shock to me," Cournoyer Hogan said.
During discussion at the Denver gathering, he recommended that colleges admit Native students from the same tribes in cohorts to lessen the feelings of isolation.


Somedays I feel like the ground is going to open up and just swallow me whole.
Somedays… I wish it actually would.
But everyday I get up and fight the good fight.
I wish my soul wasn't so familiar with transmutation.
I'd like to think that I am romantic to a degree. I mean maybe I am the thorn on the rose, but I'm part of that rose nonetheless. No?
I've been feeling pretty guilty about not blogging lately. Yet another great thing I've started and lost interest in. Sort of feels like the story of my life. I pick something up- Go hard- Then put it down once I feel like my efforts are far greater than the benefits I'm getting. Sounds awful doesn't it?


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Disaster in SE asia
THOUSANDS DEAD
By wunarmdscissor,
December 26, 2004 in UK and Europe
Question everything until you know the truth
Its sad! I hope that something can be done before disease sets in and kills more!
Talon 24 posts
tarabull 10 posts
Mad Manfred 22 posts
Catrat
What is strong wins: that is the universal law. If only it were not so often precisely what is stupid and evil! Friedrich Nietzsche
It's all horribly sad, every time I turn on the TV, the death toll has risen, and I remember when I thought 1000 was a lot. What annoys me the most is here in NZ, they have all these new pieces about what to do about cricket because the Sri Lankans obviously don't want to play anymore. I think it's just ****ing sad when people worry about sport when thousands of people are dead/dying. Apparently the Srik Lankan cricket team might get fined. I think it's sick. Their relatives, friends and homeland is being destroyed and all the cricket fans are worried about is the damned game! This angers me....
Millions hunt for food as tsunami toll over 80,000
BANDA ACEH: Millions of people around the Indian Ocean scrambled for food and clean water today, with the threat of disease and hunger now stalking survivors of the most devastating tsunami on record.
The official death toll rose to 82,847 but the true scale of the disaster may not be known for days, or even weeks, as rescuers struggled to reach stricken areas and grieving survivors searched for relatives.
"Entire villages have been washed away," said Rod Volway, programme manager for Care, Canada's Emergency Response Team which was one of the first aid groups into Indonesia's northern Aceh province, the worst-hit area.
"This isn't just a situation of giving out food and water. Entire towns and villages need to be rebuilt from the ground up. Everything has been destroyed."
The toll could rise to 100,000 when the dead are counted in India's remote Andaman and Nicobar islands, said Peter Rees of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Countries around the world sent rescue teams, food and millions of dollars in aid to the hardest-hit nations of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand to cope with the aftermath of the strongest earthquake in 40 years.
As the world pledged $US220 million ($NZ312 million) in cash and sent an international flotilla of ships and aircraft with hundreds of tonnes of supplies, history's biggest relief operation battled with the enormity of the task.
"Perhaps as many as 5 million people are not able to access what they need for living," David Nabarro, who heads the World Health Organisation's health crisis team, said.
"Either they cannot get water, or their sanitation is inadequate or they cannot get food."
Many villages and resorts, now little more than mud-covered rubble blanketed with the stench of rotting corpses, remained inaccessible to heavy equipment. Thousands of bodies were tumbled into mass graves.
Contaminated water, ruptured sewage systems and mosquito-borne diseases now threaten those who survived Sunday's monster wave, triggered by a 9.0 magnitude underwater quake off the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
The United Nations said it was preparing to issue what could be its largest appeal for donations in its history to cope with its biggest and costliest relief effort.
Anger began to be heard above the grief as families left with no homes or possessions wanted to know why help was taking so long.
"I lost my wife and my youngest child, I lost all my possessions, no one has come forward to help me," said Peter Solomon, 45, a Sri Lankan fisherman.
With a large proportion of Asia's populations under 18, UN officials say up to a third of the victims could be children.
Indonesian aircraft dropped food to isolated areas along the western coast of Sumatra, an island the size of Florida, where the tsunami obliterated entire towns.
"I believe the frustration will be growing in the days and the weeks ahead," said UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland in New York.
Well over a million people have been left homeless. Hospitals are overwhelmed with the injured - an estimated 100,000 or more across the region.
The killer waves dragged family members from each other's clutches, swept trucks and buses through buildings and flipped boats onto land, catching everybody by surprise on a holiday.
The quake was so powerful, US scientists said it made the Earth jolt on its axis and shifted islands.
Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand faced death tolls of catastrophic proportions. Hundreds were killed in the Maldives, Myanmar, Malaysia and East Africa.
US President George W Bush said the US pledge of $US35 million in aid was just a start.
Bush said he had spoken to the leaders of India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Indonesia. "I assured those leaders that this is only the beginning of our help."
The US military's 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force, based in Japan, will set up a forward command post in Thailand to co-ordinate US efforts. The Pentagon is sending the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier, a helicopter carrier and a submarine to the region.
Insurers estimated damages at $US13.6 billion but that does not include the costs of lost business and productivity.
Indonesia has suffered the biggest number of victims, with 45,268 known dead, although the toll could rise to 80,000 in Aceh alone, the province closest to the quake's epicentre.
In the provincial capital Banda Aceh, two aftershocks yesterday night woke nervous residents. Many people preferred to sleep outside.
Indian officials estimated their death toll would reach 12,500. Rescuers were struggling to reach remote islands in the Andaman and Nicobar chain.
In Sri Lanka, where the tsunami killed 22,000 people, many said there was still no sign of aid for ruined communities.
More than 2000 Scandinavians are missing in the tsunami-ravaged resorts and 1000 Germans are unaccounted for.
Many of them could be among the 6043 missing in Thailand, where the official death toll rose to 1975.
Forensic teams from Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland flew into Thailand to help identify bodies. Police believe up to 3000 people died in the resort of Khao Lak.
The tsunami is the world's biggest disaster since a cyclone killed 130,000 people in Bangladesh in 1991.
Mad Manfred
Location:Tinkly-Winkly Town
Just heard on the news that up to 1,000 Aussies could be dead.
Celumnaz
Location:Texas
I don't know what I don't know.
Cool...Australia has put in a little over $30...why hasn't America contributed much while these "smaller" countries have?
Why the finger pointing at this time? Shouldn't we all be joining together? This some kind of competition? We'll be giving more, don't get too green.
wunarmdscissor
Location:Sunny Glasgow
come on the hoops
its not a competition no celumnaz
but its the aid Agencies (and they know what they are talking about) that are criticising america.
Hotoke
Location:Solamnia
Ultimately the US will be blamed because we either 'caused' the earthquake by not signing the Keoto Treaty or because our SUVs caused 'global warming' and that triggered the EQ. Already we are being blamed with 'indifference' because we only sent a check for fifteen MILLION dollars the first day after.
427032[/snapback]
amerika and australie are the ones who gave the most money right??
No, Australia is right up the top...not that I'm bragging...sorry if anyone got that impression.
As for my comment regarding America...I was merely asking why America, a country that is apparently stinking rich, has barely contributed in comparison to other, smaller, countries.
It's not a contest, it's a tragedy.
Snowbaby
Location:Stirling, Scotland
Subby's twin sister (only thing is... he was 19 days overcooked)
I just heard on the radio news the death toll has risen dramatically today, they say it's now at 120,000. So sad. We take far too much for granted in our lives.
And thats a typical right wing/capitalist excuse to not contribute as much as is humanly possible.
The aid agencies are telling america $35 million is not enough , if a country the size of the UK and australian can contribute 30 million each then america can contribute AT LEAST 3 times that amount. And it WILL help.
Thanato
I just heard, Canada is Sending D.A.R.T. (Dasaster Responce Team) they will be going to the hardest hit places, to help supply Fresh Water and medical supplys.
~Thanato
The big number now is 116,000 people killed. Indonesia alone has 80,000 dead.
It's such a terrible tragedy.
Britiain is now the single biggest provider of aid to the disaster zone.
The govt has just pledged £50 million (around $85 million ) , the more money the better.
125 000 dead now its heartbreaking.
israel is helping. what about other middle east country's?
"The one thing we have learnt from history is that we learn nothing from history." Albert Einstein
I heard on the news that the money America has given only last 5-6 hours in Iraq (45 million). Surley they can give more if they waste that much in Iraq
Wings of Selkhet
Location:Chicagoish
Love is a snowmobile racing across the tundra and then suddenly it flips over, pinning you underneath. At night, the ice weasels come. - Matt Groening
I am so SICK of everyone telling the U.S. they haven't given enough money. Yes, we have money. But it's not ENDLESS. Our own people don't have jobs or healthcare. We can't just pull a billion dollars out of nowhere. I'm sorry it's not ENOUGH money to meet your standards. If you claim we're not giving enough, why don't you just pull a couple million dollars out of your pocket?
my family donated $100 which is generous. Why don't you contribute something.
Sweetpumper
Location:Avengers Tower
Indonesia Needs Help, Death Toll Expected To Exceed 400,000
KUALA LUMPUR, Dec 30 (Bernama) -- The death toll in Acheh, the region worst hit by last Sunday's tsunami, may exceed 400,000 as many affected areas could still not be reached for search and rescue operations, Indonesia's Ambassador to Malaysia Drs H. Rusdihardjo said Thursday.
Edited December 30, 2004 by Sweetpumper
"Truth will first be ridiculed, then violently opposed, and finally accepted as self-evident" A. Schopenhauer 1788-1860
I'm with you.
...The US contributes the most money world-wide... We are very generous.
tarabull
Location:OH CANADA, the True North Strong & Free
Life is too short to let it suck...
THIS IS FREAKY....CHECK IT OUT:
Did animals' 'sixth sense' save them from tsunami?
Thursday, December 30, 2004 Posted: 2149 GMT (0549 HKT)
Wild life officials found no evidence of large-scale animal deaths from the massive tsunami at Yala Safari Game Lodge close to Yala Reserve Wildlife Park, southeast of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (Reuters) -- Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to notions they possess a "sixth sense" for disasters, experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
"No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening," H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. "There has been a lot of anecdotal evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.
"There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting," he told Reuters.
Other authorities concurred with this assessment.
"Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds ... there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.
The notion of an animal "sixth sense" -- or some other mythical power -- is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's battered coast is likely to add to.
The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.
The tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean on Sunday. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.
Thai villagers say wealthy tourists got higher priority
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=stor...thigherpriority
it seems that the tourist get more attention then the villagers itself.
They say it hasn't been proven yet that animals know ahead of time. That's proof enough for me.
whoa182
Location:United Kingdom, Cardiff
its not exactly a 6th sense, its just they use their senses a lot better than humans. Especially Hearing and smell
That's because they can bribe everyone. That's just the was the country is. My aunties and uncles get pulled up by the police for no reason and to make them go away requires a bribe
Location:The Mothership
"I've done everything you wanted me to do; so why did you do this to me?!"
4,500 dead.
2,000 missing.
Millions homeless.
Something incredile happened this week...at the beggening of the thread this was said...^
Now, more than 135,000 are dead.
It is unknown how many are still missing.
Millions upon millions are homeless.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
7 August 2020 / TRADING
Turtle Trading: History, Strategy & Complete Rules
The Turtle Traders experiment was conducted in the early 1980s by Richard Dennis and William Eckhardt to see whether anyone could be taught how to make money trading. The experiment involved taking a random group of people, teaching them a set of rules to follow, and seeing how successfully they traded.
In this post, we'll look at the rules of Turtle Trading, how successful the experiment was, and whether the Turtle Trading Rules still work in today's market.
If you're not interested in the history or if the rules still work today, here you can download the original turtle rules.
The Turtles
What the Turtles Learned
The Turtle Trader Core Concepts and Questions
1. What is the state of the market?
2. What is the volatility of the market?
3. What is the equity being traded?
4. What is the system or the trading orientation?
5. What is the risk aversion of the trader or client?
The Turtle Trading Method
The Systems - System 1 and System 2
System 1 (S1)
The Rules - Position Sizing
The Rules - Stops
Fast Moving Breakout Strategy Visual Guide
Application in Today's Market
What Happened to Richard Dennis?
What Happened to the Original Turtles?
In the early 1980s, Richard Dennis was a well-known trader who found considerable financial success, starting with less than $5,000 and turning it into over $100 million. Dennis's partner, William Eckhardt, believed Dennis's success was only possible because Dennis had a unique gift. Dennis disagreed. Dennis based his trading on a specific set of rules. He thought anyone who learned and followed his rules could become a successful trader.
The two regularly discussed this topic, and finally, they decided to experiment to see who was right. Dennis would find a group of people, spend two weeks training them on how to follow his trading rules, and then let them start trading. He could then repeat this process over and over. Dennis felt so confident in his methods that he decided to give the traders his own money to trade. Bill Eckhardt and Richard Dennis can be seen below.
Dennis began referring to his students as "turtles" since he believed he could quickly and efficiently produce traders the same way he had seen turtle farmers in Singapore efficiently and rapidly create turtles.
Dennis found his original turtles by placing an ad in The Wall Street Journal.
At this time, Dennis was a well-known trader offering everyday people the chance to make large amounts of money. Not surprisingly, thousands of people applied. From these thousands, Dennis picked only fourteen to be part of the inaugural group.
Dennis never explained how he chose his turtles from the thousands that applied. We do know that a set of true or false questions was one part of the screening process. The 63 true or false questions Dennis asked included the following:
Big money in trading is made when one can get long at lows after a significant downtrend. Diversification is better than always being in 1 or 2 markets. Other's opinions on the market are good to follow. The majority of traders are always wrong. If one has $10,000 to risk, one ought to risk $2,500 on every trade.
Again, we don't know the exact criteria Dennis used to pick his turtles so that they may have disagreed initially with his methodology. Still, it seems likely that these questions allowed Dennis to find turtles who already agreed with his trading method's most important concepts. This is a crucial point to keep in mind.
The turtle trader experiment is often compared to picking a random person off the street, providing them with two weeks of training, and then sending them off to become millionaires. While the turtles were not successful and well-known traders, they knew who Richard Dennis was, wanted to train with him, knew enough about trading to provide answers to his questions, and most likely already had similar trading beliefs to Dennis. This is not to say Dennis did not teach them a lot, only that when we discuss the results of the experiment, it's useful to keep in mind that these were not people plucked randomly from off the street.
During the two week training, Dennis taught the turtles his Turtle Trading rules and philosophy. This training taught the turtles to approach trading with the scientific method, which would be the philosophical foundation for all of their trading. The scientific method relies on numerical data that can be observed and measured. The steps of the scientific method are:
Define the question
Form a hypothesis
Design an experiment to test the hypothesis
Perform the experiment and collect data
Analyze the data from your experiment
Interpret the data
If the data matches the hypothesis, you accept the theory and report the findings. If the evidence does not match the hypothesis, you refine the thesis and begin the process over.
Dennis taught his turtles to rely on the scientific method to minimize the psychological impacts of trading that could cause traders to make mistakes and lose significant amounts of money. In this respect, Dennis was ahead of his time. This was 1983, and Dennis put into practice some of the basic concepts of "prospect theory, " which Daniel Kahneman would go on to win a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002.
Beyond the use of the scientific method, Dennis also taught the turtles to internalize some core concepts that speculators had been using for over a century. The core concepts Dennis taught were:
"Do not let emotions fluctuate with the up and down of your capital." "Be consistent and even-tempered." "Judge yourself not by the outcome, but by your process." "Know what you are going to do when the market does what it is going to do." "Every now and then, the impossible can and will happen." "Know each day what your plan and your contingencies are for the next day." "What can I win and what can I lose? What are the probabilities of either happening?"
You'll notice that all of these core concepts sound good but provide minimal concrete guidance. This is why Dennis also gave his turtles five questions they could use to add more precision to their trading and apply the concepts more concretely. The five questions Dennis taught his traders to always have an answer to were:
What is the state of the market? What is the volatility of the market? What is the equity being traded? What is the system or the trading orientation? What is the risk aversion of the trader or client?
Let's look at the importance of each of these questions and how it informed the turtle's decision making.
This means, what is the price and direction at which the market is currently trading? For example, if IBM has a share price of $125 that has moved up from $100 with higher highs and higher lows, that uptrend is the state of that market. While this may seem like an overly simplistic place to start, Dennis' method required paying attention to the present, instead of focusing on the market of yesterday or tomorrow.
In investing, volatility is defined as "a statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index". This means that the more the price fluctuates, the higher the level of volatility. Generally, the higher the level of volatility, the higher the risk.
When Dennis, Eckhardt, and the turtles used the term volatility, they meant a certain kind of volatility, specifically how much a market goes up and down daily. For example, let's say one share of IBM traded at $125 on average, but from day to day, the price fluctuated between $123 and $127. They would use the term "M" to describe daily market volatility. So, they would say M equals four, for this example of IBM.
A key component of Dennis's strategy relied on always knowing how much money you had available since his rules were based on the size of the account at that moment. Therefore, implementing the rules required knowing exactly how much you had in the bank.
The strategy the turtles learned required reliance on specific rules and systems. Abiding by this strategy meant entering and exiting the market at predetermined prices. The turtles would base every decision on these systems. Knowing the system or the trading orientation meant knowing when you would buy or sell instead of basing your decisions on whether it "felt right".
Any investing strategy requires an awareness of how much risk is or is not acceptable, and Dennis' was no different. While some level of risk is involved in every investment, deciding upon the right amount was incredibly important; too little and you missed out on making a more substantial profit, but too much and you could suffer ruin.
Dennis trained the turtles to be trend-following traders. This means the turtles would take advantage of "trends" in the market. When they found a trend, they would follow it to profit from capturing most of the trend, whether that be up or down.
Trend followers do not try to forecast how much a price will move. Instead, a trend follower follows a strict set of rules for entering the market and when to exit the market. The goal of following these rules is to limit the influence of other factors and allow the trader to make decisions without emotional judgments impacting trades.
The concept of trend following is in contrast to other trading methodologies that base trading decisions on fundamentals. The trend-following method of trading teaches that traders do not need to know the ins and outs of a specific company, industry, etc. Once a trader learns how to follow trends, the trader can apply that methodology across different companies, industries, assets, etc.
The concept of trend following was not new. Richard Donchian was a well-known trader who had been using and teaching the trend following approach to trading since the 1950s. Donchian and his method influenced many successful traders, including Dennis and Eckhardt.
The rules for trading were at the heart of what Dennis taught his turtles. He drilled into them that making a consistent profit was not about being smarter or luckier - it was about following the rules. So, what were these rules?
The full rules are described in Michael Covey's: The Complete Turtle Trader: How 23 Novice Investors Became Overnight Millionaires, but Business Insider has provided a summary of the rules the Turtle Traders used.
In Dennis's trend-following method of trading, trades were based on price channel breakouts. The strategy had two systems, which were referred to as S1 and S2. Both of these systems were used for trading liquid futures. Here's the strategy for each.
This was the more aggressive and short-term of the two trading systems. For a long position, an entrance was made (you would buy) when the current price exceeded the high price of the previous twenty days. If you wanted to take a short position, the reverse was true: an entrance was made (a short position) when the current price was lower than that of the previous twenty days. But this signal would be ignored if the previous breakout signal would have led to a winning trade. The signal to exit in this system was a ten-day low (for long positions) or a ten-day high (for short positions).
This system took a slightly longer approach (though by no means a long-term strategy). It also came with a bit less risk than S1. The signal to enter using this system, for a long position, was when the current price exceeded the high of the previous 55 days. For a short position, the signal to enter was when the price dipped below the low of the last 55 days. Unlike with S1, the signal to enter the market applied whether the preceding breakout was a winner. The signal to exit for S2 was when the price hit a 20-day low (for long positions) or high (for short positions).
The goal of both of these systems was to help the turtles know when to enter and exit the market. The turtles were trend following, but trends are often difficult to see as they're happening. Only in hindsight do they become apparent. The entrance signal, therefore, helped alert the turtles to a potential trend.
Once a trend has been found, knowing when to exit the strategy is potentially even more challenging, and greed and fear can often cause poor exits. The exit strategy of both S1 and S2 aimed to eliminate the impact of these two emotions. If a turtle made a trade and profits kept increasing, the turtle might be tempted to stay in the position and make even more money, but if the system the turtle was using said to exit, the turtle had to exit. Conversely, if the turtle could exit the strategy and make a profit, the turtle may fear staying in too long and losing that profit, but if the exit strategy didn't tell the turtle to exit, the turtle had to stick with that trade.
One of the hardest parts of trading is deciding when to enter and exit the market. That's why these two systems were the core of what Dennis taught his turtles, but there are other factors traders must also consider, which is why Dennis taught his turtles some additional rules that allowed them to filter their trades further. These additional rules related to position sizing and the use of stops.
Position sizing requires adjusting the size of a position based on the dollar volatility of that market. Since more volatility means more risk, the goal was to find investment opportunities with similar risk per dollar invested. This way, the turtles could diversify their portfolio among investments with similar levels of risk.
Dennis taught the turtles how to quantify risk using a series of formulas and then limited the amount of risk a turtle could take on. Dennis and his turtles used "N" to represent the underlying volatility of a market. The turtles calculated N by taking the average price movement of the last twenty days.
Dennis taught the turtles to build positions using what he referred to as "units". One unit was calculated by taking one percent of the account and dividing it by N times the dollars per point (market dollar volatility). A Unit was then a measure of a position's risk and all the positions in that portfolio.
The formula for calculating a Unit looks like this:
Unit = 1% of Account N x Dollars per Point
Stops were another essential part of the Turtle Trading strategy. Dennis taught his turtles to decide ahead of time at what point the turtle would cut any losses and move on. The goal was to keep losses small by limiting the impact emotions could have on a trade.
This rule was non-negotiable. Once the investment reached the predetermined stop price, the turtle had to exit the strategy. This helped the turtles avoid a common trap among many traders. Often when a trader places a trade, if the trade appears to be losing money, the trader will hang on in the hopes that things will turn around. While this may happen, it rarely does. The trader who can accept the loss and move on will often lose far less than the trader who clings to a bad investment.
Now that we know the rules the turtles used, the question becomes - how successful were they? The answer - very successful.
The experiment lasted for five years. Once these five years were up, the turtles had made a combined profit of $175 million. Not all traders made it to the end, and due to the highly volatile nature of the Turtle Trading system, there were also plenty of losses among the turtles. Still, ultimately, Dennis proved himself correct in believing that anyone can be taught how to trade successfully.
You can see the fast breakout trading system below from forex.com.
If the turtle's made $175 million in five years, you may be wondering how soon you can start implementing the Turtle Trading strategy in your portfolio. Not so fast.
The Turtle Trading strategy was implemented in the 1980s, almost forty years ago. In the last forty years, the market has changed dramatically, and the strategy the turtles used may no longer work in today's market.
In general, most popular trading systems with specific rules and guidelines eventually stop working as more traders using similar strategies arbitrage away the profits. There are other potential reasons why the Turtle Trading strategy may no longer work. But Jerry Parker, a well-known turtle who still uses the system today, says that it's timeless.
An interesting footnote to the story of the Turtle Trading experiment is what happened to Richard Dennis. Dennis made his first million dollars before turning 25. At the height of his trading success, he became known as the "Prince of the Pit". In 1986 alone, Dennis made $80 million. During this time, Dennis's name joined those of other titans in the industry such as George Soros and Michael Milken. But his success didn't last.
Dennis's strategy always came with high levels of volatility. On some days, Dennis could be millions of dollars down, but he believed that the wins outweighed the losses. And for a long time, they did. But eventually, a time came when this was no longer the case. Between 1987 and 1988, at the same time Dennis' turtles were finishing their five-year experiment, Dennis lost more than fifty percent of the assets he managed. Whether Dennis was strictly following his Turtle Trading system when he lost all this money is up for debate.
After this loss, Dennis retired from trading. His name now lives on far more in relation to his Turtle Trading experiment than for his successful trading career. But what about the turtles? Did they fare better than Dennis?
The turtles which made it through the experiment were those who followed the rules. Not all the turtles managed to make it, though. Some turtles were asked to leave the experiment after they struggled to abide by the rules Dennis had taught his turtles.
For most of the turtles, the most challenging part of following the rules was the exit strategy, which required waiting for a new low. At times, this meant watching 20%, 50%, or even 100% of profits disappear. Apparently, one turtle was let go before the end of the first year because he failed to follow the exit strategy rules.
Those who followed the rules and remained in the experiment made large profits by basing their trades on the Turtle Trader rules. Some even went on to have successful careers as commodity traders. But not all the turtles found success. One of the turtles, Curtis Faith, went on to start his own money management firm. The firm, Acceleration Capital, failed in a rather dramatic fashion, but it's unclear how well Faith followed the Turtle Trader rules. Jerry Parker, on the other hand, still manages Chesapeak Capital.
There are a lot of ways to interpret the results of the Turtle Trading experiment. We could look at the success of the turtles and say that anyone can be taught to trade. We can look at Dennis's massive losses and see a cautionary tale about highly volatile trading strategies. We could use the experiment to highlight the differences in the markets of the 1980s and today.
Personally, I find the Turtle Trading experiment a fascinating look at the power of emotions in trading decisions. Even with a clear-cut set of rules from someone considered at the time to be a master in his field, many of the turtles still couldn't follow the rules, to the extent that many were asked to leave the experiment. Human nature and our best interests often conflict in trading. While it's unclear if the Turtle Trading strategy would work in today's markets, what is clear is that whatever trading system you use, you need to have a rational, thought-out basis for every trading decision you make and to stick with the system.
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That Stolen Renoir Is Probably Sitting in a Garage Somewhere
Richard Connelly
Richard Connelly | September 21, 2011 | 3:11pm
A Renoir painting was stolen from what we assume is a ritzy westside home earlier this month.
So it's probably now hanging on the wall of an unfathomably rich mysterious Russian or Japanese financier, right?
Nope. It's probably sitting in the burglar's garage, according to one of the foremost art-crime experts.
Anthony Amore, author of Stealing Rembrandts, tells Hair Balls it's highly unlikely the guy who stole the painting will find a buyer.
"These things are very difficult to fence," he says. "I tell people there is no Dr. No, but that's what people think -- that there's a dastardly villain in an underground lair with priceless stolen art on the walls."
In looking at 100 years of Rembrandt thefts, he said, the stolen art was never found in the home of some evil rich person. Almost always it was found in the home of whoever stole it or ordered it stolen.
Paintings are not like jewels when it comes to fencing them -- "Paintings are unique and identifiable," Amore says. "You'd be asking someone to pay a lot of money for something they can't display."
(By the way, there's no real reliable verdict on how much the stolen Renoir -- called Madeleine Leaning on Her Elbow with Flowers in Her Hair -- is worth, but a $25,000 reward is being offered.)
Art-theft experts like to say the guy who took the Houston Renoir "hasn't stolen a painting, he's stolen a problem."
Perhaps the best result for the guy, Amore says, would be what happened recently in Los Angeles: The thief left his stolen painting at a church and told cops where they could pick it up, and is currently hoping their interest in finding him has waned.
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Clark, the father, Jonathan, the son, By Reuben Abati
October 16, 2015 Premium Times
I have tried delaying the writing of this piece in the honest expectation that someone probably misquoted Chief E.K. Clark, when he reportedly publicly disowned former President Goodluck Jonathan.
I had hoped that our dear father, E.K. Clark, would issue a counter statement and say the usual things politicians say: "they quoted me out of context!" "Jonathan is my son". That has not happened; rather, some other Ijaw voices, including one Joseph Evah, have come to the defence of the old man, to join hands in rubbishing a man they once defended to the hilt and used as a bargaining chip for the Ijaw interest in the larger Nigerian geo-politics.
If President Jonathan had returned to power on May 29, 2015, these same persons would have remained in the corridors of power, displaying all forms of ethnic triumphalism. It is the reason in case they do not realize it, why the existent power blocs that consider themselves most fit to rule, continue to believe that those whose ancestors never ran empires can never be trusted with power, hence they can only be admitted as other people's agents or as merchants of their own interests which may even be defined for them as is deemed convenient. Mercantilism may bring profit, but in power politics, it destroys integrity and compromises otherwise sacred values.
President Jonathan being publicly condemned by his own Ijaw brothers, particularly those who were once staunch supporters of his government further serves the purpose of exposing the limits of the politics of proximity. Politics in Africa is driven by this particular factor; it is at the root of all the other evils: prebendalism, clientelism and what Matthew Kukah has famously described as the "myownisation of power". It is both positive and negative, but obviously, more of the latter than the former. It is considered positive only when it is beneficial to all parties concerned, and when the template changes, the ground also shifts. As in that song, the solid rock of proximity is soon replaced by shifting sands. Old worship becomes new opportunism. And the observant public is left confounded.
Chief E.K. Clark? Who would ever think, Chief E.K. Clark would publicly disown President Jonathan? He says Jonathan was a weak President. At what point did he come to that realization? Yet, throughout the five years (not six, please) of the Jonathan Presidency, he spoke loudly against anyone who opposed the President. He was so combative he was once quoted as suggesting that Nigeria could have problems if Jonathan was not allowed to return to office. Today, he is the one helping President Jonathan's successor to quench the fires. He always openly said President Jonathan is "his son". Today, he is not just turning against his own son, he is telling the world his son as President lacked the political will to fight corruption. He has also accused his son of being too much of a gentleman. Really? Gentlemanliness would be considered honourable in refined circles. Is Pa E.K. Clark recommending something else in order to prove that he is no longer a politician but a statesman as he says?
As someone who was a member of the Jonathan administration, and who interacted often with the old man, I can only say that I am shocked. This is the equivalent of the old man deleting President Jonathan's phone number and ensuring that calls from his phone no longer ring at the Jonathan end. During the Jonathan years, Chief E. K. Clark was arguably the most vocal Ijaw leader defending the government. He called the President "my son", and both father and son remained in constant touch.
There is something about having the President's ears in a Presidential system, elevated to the level of a fetish in the clientilist Nigerian political system. Persons in the corridors of power who have the President's ear- be they cook, valet, inlaws, wife, cousin, former school mates, priests, or whatever, enjoy special privileges. They have access to the President and they can whisper into his ears. That's all they have as power: the power to whisper and run a whispering campaign that can translate into opportunities or losses for those outside that informal power loop around every Presidency, that tends to be really influential.
Every President must beware of those persons who come around calling them "Daddy", "Uncle", na my brother dey there", "my son", "our in-law": emotional blackmailers relying on old connections. They are courted, patronized and given more attention and honour than they deserve by those looking for access to the President or government. Even when the power and authority of the whispering exploiters of the politics of proximity is contrived, they go out of their way to exaggerate it. They acquire so much from being seen to be in a position to make things happen.
Chief E. K. Clark had the President's ears. He had unfettered access to his son. He was invited to most state events. And he looked out for the man he called "my son", in whom he was well pleased. Chief Clark's energy level in the service of the Jonathan administration was impressive. Fearless and outspoken, he deployed his enormous talents in the service of the Jonathan government. If a press statement was tame, he drew attention to it and urged a more robust defence of "your boss". If any invective from the APC was overlooked, he urged prompt rebuttal. If the party was tardy in defending "his son", he weighed in.
If anyone had accused the President of lacking "the political will to fight corruption" at that time, he, E.K. Clark, would have called a press conference to draw attention to the Jonathan administration's institutional reforms and preventive measures, his commitment to electoral integrity to check political corruption, and the hundreds of convictions secured by both the ICPC and EFCC under his son's watch. So prominent and influential was he, that ministers, political jobbers etc etc trooped to his house to pay homage.
In due course, those who opposed President Jonathan did not spare Chief E. K. Clark either. He was accused of making inflammatory and unstatesman-like statements. An old war-horse, nobody could intimidate him. He was not President Olusegun Obasanjo's fan in particular. He believed Obasanjo wanted to sabotage his son, and he wanted Obasanjo put in his place. Beneath all of that, was an unmistaken rivalry between the two old men, seeking to control the levers of Nigerian politics.
Every President probably needs a strong, passionate ally like Chief E. K. Clark. But what happened? What went wrong? Don't get me wrong. I am not necessarily saying that the Ijaw leader should have remained loyal to and defend Goodluck Jonathan because they are both Ijaws, patriotism definitely could be stronger than ethnic affinities, nonetheless that E. K. Clark tale about leaving politics and becoming a statesman is nothing but sheer crap. If Jonathan had returned to office, he would still be a card-carrying member of the PDP and the "father of the President" and we would still have been hearing that famous phrase, "my son". Chief E. K. Clark, five months after, has practically told the world that President Buhari is better than "his own son".
It is the worst form of humiliation that President Jonathan has received since he left office. It is also the finest compliment that President Buhari has received since he assumed office. The timing is also auspicious: just when the public is beginning to worry about the direction of the Buhari government, E. K. Clark shows up to lend a hand of support and endorsement. Only one phrase was missing in his statement, and it should have been added: "my son, Buhari." It probably won't be too long before we hear the old man saying "I am a statesman, Buhari is my son." I can imagine President Obasanjo grinning with delight. If he really wants to be kind, he could invite E.K. Clark to his home in Ota or Abeokuta to come and do the needful by publicly tearing his PDP membership card and join him in that exclusive club of Nigerian statesmen! The only problem with that club these days is that you can become a member by just saying so or by retiring from partisan politics. We are more or less being told that there are no statesmen in any of the political parties.
It is not funny. Julius Ceasar asked Brutus in one of the famous lines in written literature: "Et tu Brutus?" President Jonathan should ask Chief E. K. Clark: "Et tu Papa?" To which the father will probably tell the son: "Ces't la vie, mon cher garcon." And really, that is life. In the face of other considerations, loyalties vanish; synergies collapse. The wisdom of the tribe is overturned; the politics of proximity dissolves; loyalties remain in a perpetual process of construction. Thus, individual interests and transactions drive the political game in Nigeria, with time and context as key determinants.
These are teachable moments for President Jonathan. Power attracts men and women like bees to nectar, the state of powerlessness ends as a journey to the island of loneliness. However, the greatest defender of our work in office is not our ethnic "fathers and "brothers" but rather our legacy. The real loss is that President Jonathan's heroism, his messianic sacrifice in the face of defeat, is being swept under the carpet and his own brothers who used to say that the Ijaws are driven by a principle of "one for all and all for another", have become agent-architects of his pain. The Ijaw platform having seemingly been de-centered, Chief E.K. Clark and others are seeking assimilation in the new power structure. It is a telling reconstruction of the politics of proximity and mimicry.
Chief E.K. Clark once defended the rights of ethnic minorities to aspire to the highest offices in the land, his latest declaration about his son reaffirms the existing stereotype at the heart of Nigeria's hegemonic politics. The same hegemons and their agents whom Clark used to fight furiously will no doubt find him eminently quotable now that he has proclaimed that it is wrong to be a "gentleman", and that his son lacks "the political will to fight corruption". There is more to this than we may ever know. Chief Clark can insist from now till 2019, that he has spoken as a statesman and as a matter of principle. His re-alignment, is curious nonetheless.
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text:
Q: Trouble with relationships in Entity Framework I have a trouble with relationship in EF v4.I know that this question very popular, I tried to find something in Internet, but it didn't help.
I have class Person that has one-to-one with Address(Person has Address)
class Person
{
public int PersonId{get;set;}
public string FisrtName{get; set;}
...
public int AddressId{get;set;}
public virtual Address Address{get;set;}
}
class Address
{
public int AddressId{get;set}
public string Street{get;set;}
...
}

I assumed that it was one-to-one relationship, I followed all conventions in EF v4.
But when I create DB diagram of generated DB.I can't see any relations between Person and Address.I mean I see two tables without relations with keys on Person and key on Address
Another tables with like this relations creates one-to-many with key on Account and infinity on Address, but code same.I see in designer only one-to-many reletions and some cases I can see any relations between tables tha must be.
Please help me!Thank you for any help
P.S I thought it's trouble with designer when I add tables

A: If you are using code first you can customize the persistence mapping by using either a fluent code API or use attributes to refine the model. EF can resolve relationships through inference if you were to use a simple key name such as Id; in your case EF needs a hint that PersonID and AddressID are keys.
To use the attribute approach add a reference to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations in your project and a corresponding 'using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;' in your source files as necessary. The following sample (EF 4.3.1) will generate a "one-to-many" relationship between the generated Addresses and Persons tables (you don't want a one-to-one in this case). After running the code, you will see the relationships in the SQL Server Database Diagram window.
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        using (ContactsEntities entities = new ContactsEntities())
        {
            Address doeaddress = new Address() { Street = "1 Broadway", ZipCode = "01234" };
            Address doeaddress2 = new Address() { Street = "2 Broadway", ZipCode = "01234" };
            entities.Addresses.Add(doeaddress);
            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Doe", Address = doeaddress });
            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Doe", Address = doeaddress });
            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Doe", Address = doeaddress2 });
            entities.SaveChanges();
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to exit...");
        Console.ReadLine();

    }
}

[Table("Addresses")]
public partial class Address
{
    public Address()
    {
        this.Persons = new HashSet<Person>();
    }
    [Key]
    public int AddressID { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string Street { get; set; }
    [RegularExpression(@"^(\d{5}-\d{4}|\d{5}|\d{9})$")]
    [Required]
    public string ZipCode { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<Person> Persons { get; set; }
}

[Table("Persons")]
public partial class Person
{
    [Key]
    public int PersonID { get; set; }
    public int AddressID { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    [ForeignKey("AddressID")]
    public virtual Address Address { get; set; }
}

public partial class ContactsEntities : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Address> Addresses { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Person> Persons { get; set; }
}

A: Based on feedback, here is an example of a one-to-one (actually a one-to-zero-or-one) relationship. I've used the fluent API to set the relationships in the OnModelCreating override. In this scenario a person can have at most one photo row. In practice this might be useful if the Photos table contained one or more large byte arrays to hold image data; I'm using a string to represent a link to an image for clarity.
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        using (ContactsEntities entities = new ContactsEntities())
        {

            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Doe", Photo = new Photo() { PhotoLink = "/images/jane.jpg" } });
            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "John", LastName = "Doe" }); // no photo
            entities.Persons.Add(new Person() { FirstName = "Joe", LastName = "Smith", Photo = new Photo() { PhotoLink = "/images/joe.jpg", ThumnbnailLink = "/images/thumbs/joe.jpg" } });

            // note that the following is not allowed based on the defined RI rules - will fail on call to SaveChanges:
            // entities.Photos.Add(new Photo() { PhotoLink = "/images/as.jpg" });

            entities.SaveChanges();

            foreach (Person person in entities.Persons)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", person.FirstName, person.LastName, person.Photo == null ? "missing photo" : person.Photo.PhotoLink);
            }
        }

        Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to exit...");
        Console.ReadLine();

    }
}

public partial class ContactsEntities : DbContext
{
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // a Person may have at most one Photo
        modelBuilder.Entity<Person>().HasOptional<Photo>(p => p.Photo);
        // a Photo is dependant on a Person (non-nullable FK constraint)
        modelBuilder.Entity<Photo>().HasRequired<Person>(p => p.Person);
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }
    public DbSet<Photo> Photos { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Person> Persons { get; set; }
}

[Table("Photos")]
public partial class Photo
{
    [Key]
    public int PhotoID { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string PhotoLink { get; set; }
    public string ThumnbnailLink { get; set; }
    public virtual Person Person { get; set; }
}

[Table("Persons")]
public partial class Person
{
    [Key]
    public int PersonID { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    [Required]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    public virtual Photo Photo { get; set; }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php

namespace BD\Uploader;

use BD\Uploader\ErrorFormatters\AbstractFormatter;
use BD\Uploader\Validators\ValidatorInterface;
use BD\Uploader\FileContainer;

/**
 * Main class used for file uploads
 *
 * @author Martin Dimitrov <martin@bdahlia.com>
 */
class Uploader
{
    const UPLOAD_SUCCESSFULL = 0;
    const UPLOAD_ERROR = 1;

    /** Defines (different) naming strategies */
    const FILE_OVERWRITE = 0;
    const FILE_APPEND_NUMBER = 1;
    const FILE_RANDOM_NAME = 3;

    /**
     * Status of the uploaded files.
     *
     * Acceptable values are self::UPLOAD_ERROR or self::UPLOAD_SUCCESSFULL
     *
     * @var number
     */
    private $status;

    /**
     * Data
     *
     * @var mixed
     */
    private $data;

    /**
     * Errors
     *
     * @var mixed
     */
    private $errors;

    /**
     * Validation stack
     *
     * @var ValidatorInterface[]
     */
    private $validator = [];

    /**
     * Format processor that processes the errors returned by validator
     *
     * @var AbstractFormatter
     */
    private $formatter;

    /**
     * Upload path
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $uploadPath;

    /**
     * Set default strategy for file naming
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $fileNaming = null;

    /**
     * @param ValidatorInterface $validator|callable
     * @param AbstractFormatter $formatter
     */
    public function __construct($validator, AbstractFormatter $formatter)
    {
        if (is_array($validator)) {
            foreach($validator as $validator){
                $this->validator[] = $validator;
            }
        } else {
            $this->validator[] =  $validator;
        }

        $this->formatter = $formatter;
    }

    /**
     * Add validator
     *
     * @param ValidatorInterface|Closure $interface
     */
    public function addValidator($validator)
    {
        $this->validator[] = $validator;
    }

    /**
     * Get all validators
     *
     * @return ValidatorInterface[]
     */
    public function getValidators()
    {
        return $this->validator;
    }

    /**
     * Get default formatter
     *
     * @return AbstractFormatter
     */
    public function getFormatter()
    {
        return $this->formatter;
    }

    /**
     * Set status
     *
     * @param $number status
     */
    public function setStatus($status)
    {
        $this->status = $status;
    }

    /**
     * Get status
     *
     * @return number
     */
    public function getStatus()
    {
        return $this->status;
    }

    /**
     * Set errors
     *
     * @param array $errors
     */
    private function addErrors($errors)
    {
        $this->setStatus(self::UPLOAD_ERROR);
        $this->errors = $errors;
    }

    /**
     * Get errors
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getErrors()
    {
        return $this->errors;
    }

    /**
     * Set data
     *
     * @param array $data
     */
    private function addData($data)
    {
        $this->setStatus(self::UPLOAD_SUCCESSFULL);
        $this->data = $data;
    }

    /**
     * Get data
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getData()
    {
        return $this->data;
    }

    /**
     * Set file naming strategy
     *
     * @param string $strategy
     */
    public function setFileNamingStrategy($strategy)
    {
        $this->fileNaming = $strategy;
    }

    /**
     * Get file naming strategy
     *
     * @return number
     */
    public function getFileNaming()
    {
        return $this->fileNaming;
    }

    /**
     * Executes each validator from the validator stack and returns the errors if any
     *
     * @return Uploader
     */
    public function upload()
    {
        $fileContainer = new FileContainer();

        if (!isset($this->uploadPath)) {
            throw new \RunTimeException('Upload path not set');
        }

        if (!$fileContainer->hasUploadedFiles($_FILES)) {
            $this->addErrors($this->formatter->handle([0 => ['No input files']]));
            return $this;
        }

        //error container
        $errors = [];

        //execute every validator on the uploaded files
        $files = $fileContainer->buildFileArray($_FILES);

        foreach($this->validator as $validator) {
            if (is_callable($validator)) {
                $validatorError = call_user_func_array($validator, [$files]);
            } else {
                $validatorError = $validator->validate($files);
        }
        // Add entry into error stack only if error exists
        if (count($validatorError) > 0) {
            $errors[] = $validatorError;
        }
       }

       //do file upload if validation pass
       if (empty($errors)) {
           $files = $this->doUpload($files);
           $this->addData($this->formatter->handle($files));
       } else {
           $this->addErrors($this->formatter->handle($errors));
       }

       return $this;
    }

    /**
     *  Upload files
     *
     *  @return boolean
     */
    private function doUpload($files)
    {
        foreach($files as $file) {
            $fileInfo[] = $this->moveUploadedFile($file);
        }

        return $fileInfo;
    }

    /**
     * Set upload path directory
     *
     * @param string $path
     */
    public function setUploadPath($path)
    {
        $path = rtrim($path, '/') . '/';

        if (!file_exists($path)) {
            $this->createDirectory($path);
        }

        $this->uploadPath = $path;
    }

    /**
     * Get upload path
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getUploadPath()
    {
        return $this->uploadPath;
    }

    /**
     * Create directory if it does not exist
     *
     * @param string $directory - directory name
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function createDirectory($directory)
    {
        if (@mkdir($directory, 0777, true) === false) {
            $errors = error_get_last();
            throw new \Exception(sprintf('Unable to create directory %s. Error message: %s', $directory, $errors['message']));
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Move specified file to a new location
     *
     * @param $file arrray
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function moveUploadedFile($file)
    {
        if ($this->fileNaming === null) {
            $this->fileNaming = self::FILE_OVERWRITE;
        }

        switch($this->fileNaming)
        {
            case self::FILE_OVERWRITE:
                @move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $this->getUploadPath() . '/' . $file['name']);
            break;

            case self::FILE_APPEND_NUMBER:
                $newFileName = $this->appendNumberToFileName($file['name']);
                @move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $this->getUploadPath() . '/'. $newFileName);
                $file['name'] = $newFileName;
            break;

            case self::FILE_RANDOM_NAME:
                $filename = $this->generateRandomString($file['name']);
                $newFileName = $filename . '.' . pathinfo($file['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
                //check if file already exists
                $finalFileName =  $this->appendNumberToFileName($newFileName);
                @move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'],  $this->getUploadPath() . '/' . $finalFileName);
                $file['name'] = $finalFileName;
            break;

            default:
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid option passed');
            break;
      }

        $errors = error_get_last();
        if ($errors !== null) {
            throw new \Exception(sprintf('Error: %s', $errors['message']));
        }

        return $file;
    }

    /**
     * Append the number at the end of the file name if file with present name already exists
     *
     * @param array $file
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function appendNumberToFileName($filename)
    {
        $counter = 0;
        $currentFile = $this->getUploadPath() . '/' . $filename;

        $fileExtension = pathinfo($currentFile, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
        $filename = pathinfo($currentFile, PATHINFO_FILENAME);

        while(file_exists($currentFile)) {
            $newFileName = $filename . '-' . $counter;
            $currentFile = $this->getUploadPath() . '/' . $newFileName . '.' . $fileExtension;
            $counter++;
        }

        if(!isset($newFileName)){
            $newFileName = $filename;
        }

        return $newFileName . '.' . $fileExtension;
    }

    /**
     * Generates a random file name
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function generateRandomString($filename)
    {
        return  md5(uniqid("", true) . $filename);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub