i'am young engineer from Lithuania. I'm trying to build carbon frame plane with two cameras one in the front and one 360 camera under it controlled remotely from ground station.
Currently i'm looking for some resource how to build plane with gas engine.
I know how to build with electrical engine, but i have no idea how to connect electronics with gas engine for RC Plane.
What is your question of you know how to build with electrical engine?
There is a throttle servo that you connect to the radio channel you connected your motor controller.
As for the gas engine you need to specify but for both 2 and 4 stroke you will probably get the ignition electronics together with the engine. There will be some information with the enginge depending how many cylinders you are going to use.
Some gas engines are used with glow instead of spark electronics saving some problems, but most glow engines are for "nitro fuel" and do not require any electronics.
I think main question is how to controll throtlle. Is there any connector to main board or it should be controlled with servos mechanically?
Throttle is servo controlled linkage to carb, servo wire connected to throttle port of RX.


This original composition highlights the Arikara Native American Indian tribe and integrates music and history into one cohesive learning experience. Guaranteed to meet your music needs and common core competencies. (2:00) This title is available in SmartMusic.


San Francisco Network Ministries is devoted to the people of the Tenderloin with whom we work cooperatively for the empowerment of all, proclaiming good news for the poor and seeking liberty for those who are oppressed.
Since it's founding in 1972, Network ministries has provided a wide range of effective and compassionate service including computer training, kids programs, a safe house for prostituted women, memorial services for poor and homeless people, pastoral care for those with AIDS, and political advocacy regarding issues that affect the Tenderloin and its people.
Offers formal classes and computer access to adults and children from the Tenderloin. We provide training on state-of-the art machines in basic word processing, spreadsheets, and other Office programs necessary to succeed in today's job market. Those who would be shut out of the information age have access via e-mail and the Web during open drop-in hours. Children have a separate computer lab where they can use educational CD ROMS, participate in group learning projects, and do research for homework assignments. Call for a current class schedule.
San Francisco SafeHouse is a residential community specifically for homeless women excaping prostitution. It offers individual psychotherapy, group counseling, computer skills, education, money management, a paid internship program and medical and dental care. Call to apply for a place.


Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad is showing at the Dome Cinema tomorrow (Saturday November 22nd) and on Sunday November 23rd.
Disney's Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day follows the exploits of 11-year-old Alexander (Ed Oxenbould) as he experiences the most terrible and horrible day of his young life-a day that begins with gum stuck in his hair, followed by one calamity after another. But when Alexander tells his upbeat family about the misadventures of his disastrous day, he finds little sympathy and begins to wonder if bad things only happen to him.
He soon learns that he's not alone when his Mom (Jennifer Garner), Dad (Steve Carell), brother (Dylan Minnette) and sister (Kerris Dorsey) all find themselves living through their own terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day. Anyone who says there is no such thing as a bad day just hasn't had one.
Show times: Saturday November 22nd at 1.00 pm and Sunday November 23rd at 1.25 pm.


Steven B. Halls, MD, blog - Page 23 of 25 - Miscellaneous topics about hobbies. Nothing about medicine.
From my pre- wordpress days, before I had this personal blog, I had made a webpage documenting the building of my Expedition E350 airplane. So if you are looking for a lot more pictures of the inside of the plane, and its characteristics, and some of my early flights with it, visit that page.
On this page, is a Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy game.
And a walkthrough on Hitchhikers guide to the galaxy walkthrough.
It totally shows how old I am, that I remember being completely enthralled by this game, when I was young. It was, SOOO funny, back then.
A "Text Adventure Game" is what this was, not the first, not the last, but in my mind, it was the funniest of all time, because Douglas Adams presumably lent his amazing sense-of-humor into the game. It would be funny, even when giving replies to things that it didn't understand.
I'm posting this, because I don't have time to play it right now, but I want to try it again, and this time, I'll be studying its humor style, wondering if it could be applicable to a rule-based chatbot.
I may soon need to create a blog category on war. I seem to find more and more articles about it becoming inevitable. These kind of articles don't seem to be allowed, or believed in North America.
This link about improving my writing, by eliminating the various forms of "to be", is known as E-prime. I'll BE wanting to check it out in more detail later. Years ago, I was told that I needed to improve my writing by using "active voice" instead of "passive voice". I wonder what became of that notion. More things to google, I guess, in my free time.
My collection of links to articles that I think I may want to revisit.
A big conspiracy theory – I've been too busy to read it all, but would like to read it in depth later.
About Derivatives and the ESF.
How to own stocks in your own name, not the brokerage.
March 22, 2012 update. I found this interesting, from a Zerohedge article.
Dominica is the least expensive option. The nationality law of Dominica authorizes the government to waive the normal requirement of seven years of legal residence to acquire citizenship in exchange for a cash contribution. Total costs including all fees for a single applicant come to about $105,000. Add $25,000 for your spouse and up to two children under 18. The Dominican passport holders can travel without a visa, or obtain a visa upon entry, to nearly 90 countries and territories.
The Federation of St. Kitts & Nevis offers two options to obtain economic citizenship. One option is to make a direct contribution to a charitable foundation set up to support displaced sugar workers: the Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation (SIDF). Total costs including all fees for a single applicant under this option come to about $285,000 or $335,000 for an applicant with up to three dependents.
The second option is to purchase "qualifying property" with a minimum investment of $400,000. Fees and closing costs add a minimum of $100,000. Total costs for a single applicant come to at least $500,000 and close to $600,000 for a family of four. The St. Kitts & Nevis passport provides visa-free entry, or visa upon entry, to more than 120 countries, including nearly all of the 27 member countries of the European Union.
In all cases, applicants must pass a strict vetting process that includes a comprehensive criminal background check.
Bogus second citizenship offerings abound. In recent years, I have received offers to purchase passports from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Ireland, and Lithuania, among other countries. Some of these offers are outright scams. Others involve illegally purchased or stolen documents. Even if you succeed in obtaining a passport on this basis, it may be revoked at any time and you could be subject to arrest and/or deportation.
September 28, 2011. Here are the 2 boats I've purchased for use at my BC property. A work-boat aluminum "Landing Craft", and a cute row-boat.


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Solar energy program turns homes into virtual power plants
Robert Brum — September 4, 2021
A pilot program is offering Westchester County homeowners an opportunity to not only generate their own solar energy, but also to store it at home to keep their lights on during power outages.
The program announced by Sustainable Westchester is seeking 200 households in the Con Ed service areas to install rooftop solar panels and a battery system from the Germany-based home energy management company sonnen. It's estimated that between 12 to 20 panels plus the battery can produce and store up to 50% to 70% of a home's electricity.
Installation of the solar panels and a lithium ion battery roughly the size of a refrigerator would require an estimated $4,000 to $5,000 upfront payment under a lease option. Homeowners are eligible for up to $5,000 in New York State tax credits when installing a solar photovoltaic system.
Alternatively, customers can choose to purchase the solar plus battery system at their own expense and apply for tax credits.
Savings vary but a minimum of 10% is anticipated on a typical monthly energy bill.
The program, which is named the sonnenCommunity New York Virtual Power Plant, is mostly geared toward single-family homes, although owners of condominiums, townhouses and co-ops may be eligible.
Sonnen, which makes the hardware for the home system, pairs homeowners with local installers.
A home outfitted with sonnen rooftop solar panels and storage battery in the garage.
The system is fully automated and continually monitored. The batteries are certified safety-tested, with the temperature and performance controlled by a built-in management system, according to the company. The battery systems offer a warranty and access to a local certified sonnen contractor to respond to any service needs.
Because the batteries recharge during daylight hours, the system stores enough electricity to keep a home's necessities such as a home network and refrigerator running during a power outage. The sonnen system offers an alternative to a backup generator, depending on the number of solar panels added in the home, and the amount of backup power required by the customer.
Sonnen, a subsidiary of Shell Renewables and Energy Solutions, has developed similar programs in communities across the United States and Europe.
Sustainable Westchester, the state's largest community choice aggregator procuring power on behalf of residents and businesses, is a partner in the program, offering clean, locally generated energy at a discounted rate.
"We understand that stand-alone residential solar is not sufficient – a distributed, modernized grid requires controllable, intelligent batteries paired with solar," Michel Delafontaine, Sustainable Westchester's director of business development, said in a press release. "What's more, VPPs are invaluable resources that can replace the dirtiest 'peaker' power plants with local renewable energy."
Read more about alternative energy here:
Energy Storage Company Eyes Sites near Indian Point
Heaven and Earth: Solar Installation Reflects Maryknoll Mission
Local High School String Quartet to Join Touring ABBA Tribute Show
About the Author: Robert Brum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Government Workings
By Staff | Jun 19, 2015
Pierce County Board Meets
On June 8th there was a special session held for the Pierce County Board of County Commissioners. At the special session Chairman Duane Johnston called the meeting to order at 7:30 a.m. Commissioners Michael Christenson, Mike Brossart, David Migler and Rick Larson were all present for the special session. The purpose of the session was to discuss how to reduce energy costs at Memorial Hall and if covering the block windows with insulation was the best most cost efficient way to do so.
The county board reviewed a proposal from Brokaw & Jones Plastering, Inc. that encompassed covering the existing block windows at Memorial Hall with insulation. After discussion by the Commissioners, a motion was made by County Commissioner Christenson and seconded by Commissioner Larson, to have Brokaw & Jones, Plastering, Inc., proceed to cover the north and west side windows at the Memorial Hall at the cost of $15,591.00 to the County. The motion passed unanimously. There was no further business, and Chairman Johnston moved to adjourn the meeting at 8:15 a.m.
Canvass Board Meets for Election Certification
On June 15 at 7:00 p.m. the canvassing board met to certify the recent special election for a new councilperson in Ward 4 of Rugby. Present from the canvassing board to certify the election were Mayor Geiszler, City Auditor, Elizabeth Heisey, City Attorney Hartl, Councilman Gary Kraft and Councilman Terry Wentz. The results were certified making write-in candidate Chuck Longie the new Councilman to represent Ward 4. Mr. Longie will be sworn in at the next city council meeting scheduled in July.
Special City Council Meeting Held
On June 15th at 7:00 p.m. there was a special meeting held for the second reading of Ordinance No. 395 as it pertains to the issuance of City of Rugby General Obligation Funds Bonds in the amount of $400,000.00 to finalize the financing of the Fire Hall. The issuance will be a 10-year bond that can be paid off any time after the initial five years. The city will be paying 1.2 % interest on the monies borrowed the first four years of the life of the bond. They will be paying 1.8 % the next two years and 2.3% the final two years of the bond.
The average interest rate the city taxpayers will pay, if it goes to full maturity, is 1.878% and once the cost of issuance is factored in to the equation the actual interest rate paid of the term of the issuance will be 2.921%. The council voted 7-0 to proceed with setting up the bond sale.
Then there was the second reading of Ordinance No. 390 the "Nuisance Property" ordinance. There was some discussion that in the ordinance it gives someone not complying with cutting the grass on the property 14 days to comply. There was general sentiment that this was too long for the curing process and that a new grass ordinance will need to be enacted. The council decided that they would take that up another time. After the second reading of Ordinance No. 390 it was accepted "as is" by a vote of 7-0. The passing of the ordinance now makes it fully enforceable.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you are a nurse you've likely experienced stress now and again. Long hours, sicker patients, staffing issues, and other specifics tied to the job can torpedo the joy of doing it. But what happens when families of your patients add their own unique dynamics to the mix? Your stress levels likely surge even higher!
Most relatives want the best for their loved ones, but uncertainties of all shapes and sizes can provoke tension even in the most loving families. And people who let past disputes, present rivalries, or even personal demons overshadow the problem at hand can quickly disrupt the flow of quality care, not to mention cause angst for nurses.
As a nursing professional, you've likely found ways to center yourself after an untoward event or other encounter. Perhaps you talk with your colleagues or even debrief as a unit. Yet taking steps at the first simmering signs of tension or an issue can go a long way in helping you advocate for your patients and their families. By establishing rapport, setting boundaries, and knowing your limits, you can calm agitated nerves—both theirs and yours!
Even though you'll likely have an admitting diagnosis and impressions from colleagues during report, you probably won't get a true sense of what's going on with the patient and family until your first assessment. That's why it's important to establish common ground when you enter the room: Acknowledge the players, explain what you're doing, and ask for any questions or concerns. From that point forward, your goal is to keep people in the loop by delivering information in ways that either empower or soothe. Also, always remember that being a patient or the family of the patient is a difficult place to be under any circumstances.
Even though illness can bring out the worst behavior, you likely don't want to wait for an unruly family member to erupt before taking action. Outlining your rules at the first sign of a problem not only tells people what's acceptable and what won't be tolerated, but it also may keep security at bay.
As a caregiver, solving every issue that's sucking the energy out of the room might be an appealing notion. Yet it's not your job to deal with the bigger, entrenched problems haunting a family—even if circumstances have pulled you into the drama. Resisting whatever urge you have to fix what you likely can't fix helps you stay focused, even though you might have to leave your ego aside to do so.
But you can be effective in redirecting the course of events by putting your ego aside and being mindful of your words and delivery.
For instance, when a combative father went Papa Bear ballistic on an emergency room nurse trying to test his 18-year-old daughter for brain function, Lourdes Lorenz, DHA(c), MSN-IH, RN, NEA-BC, AHN-BC, swooped in immediately. The founding CEO of International Integrative Health Institute in Ashville, North Carolina, was rightly concerned about protecting her then-hospital colleague. She also knew that she needed to clear up the man's confusion about the prognosis. Even though the girl was non-responsive after aspirating from a roofie-laced drink, her father misread a cardiologist's assurances that her heart was stable as a sign that she was getting better.
Whatever you do to keep everyone on an emotional even keel, it always comes back to safety. Your institution likely has protocols in place to deal with progressively difficult or challenging situations.
Calling security is clearly a front-and-center option if people are threatening or nasty. But it may not come to that if you can move family members to a quiet place for a heart-to-heart with a social worker, chaplain, or yourself. Beyond an actual face-to-face meeting, however, instituting a behavioral or visitation contract further cements the fact that you mean business about someone's menacing attitudes or verbal abuse.
Chris Hinz is a freelance writer based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.


London Heathrow to Luton Airport Transfer provides high quality service for a very sensible price. Our fully trained drivers, with years of experience, will deliver the level best service, particularly on time pick up and drop offs to catch connecting flights. The sat navigation system used by the passengers help them to reach the destination speedily. They are amicable and professional who help you in handling luggage.
Alerts about booking status are always delivered via e- mails and texts by London Heathrow to Luton Airport Transfer. The excellent customer care of London Heathrow to Luton Airport Transfer never fails to provide a relaxed journey to every individual customer.
No additional charge for any flight delays, if you need more time for immigration, baggage reclaim and etc, it can be requested in the booking form (e.g. meet the driver in 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 minutes from the flight landing time). Your requested time will be adjusted accordingly, if your flight is delay or early. Tracing all the flight landing time, is the responsibility of London Heathrow to Luton Airport Transfer, so passengers can totally forget about the waiting charges due to flight delays. In a nutshell, the prime focus of London Heathrow to Luton Airport Transfer is to provide the level best customer satisfaction, letting you to feel that "you're safe in our hands".
Heathrow airport taxis, black cabs and hackney carriages are regulated by London taxi and private hire www.tfl.gov.uk. Licensed Private Hire Car Association 5 Star ***** award winner.


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Ambition series
Thought provoking ideas about the key trends shaping business
Inspiring, optimistic and disruptive.
At Goodman, we make space for our customers' greatest ambitions. That's why we've spoken to inspirational experts around the world to uncover insights into the key trends shaping our customers' businesses – today, tomorrow and beyond.
Thought starters is a short-form video series that delves into how changes to cities, society and spaces, will influence how we live and do business as the 21st century unfolds.
Travis Erridge, Supply chain success
"There's been a lot of change in the e-commerce and supply chain space. Because it's young, it's quick, it's fast." Keeping up to date with the latest thinking in supply chains is essential if customers want to manage costs and meet growing consumer expectations.
Hear more from Travis Erridge – Founder and Director of TM Insight who takes us through the fundamentals of supply chain success.
Kim Leitzes, E-commerce sales
How do you influence customers to purchase? According to Kim Leitzes, CEO and Founder of PARKLU, it's through content. And not just any type of content, but content from influencers or key opinion leaders (KOLs) through social media and live streaming. These KOLs can have a direct conversation with your customers and help drive e-commerce.
Find out more about the evolution in digital marketing, along with the analytics and science behind it.
Dominik Tarolli, Smart cities
"Our cities are facing massive challenges because of population growth." So how can a smart city help solve these challenges, improve quality of life for its citizens and help businesses be more efficient?
Dominik Tarolli, ESRI's Director of Smart Cities talks us through the pillars of a smart city and how visualisation of data, is helping people and businesses make more informed decisions.
Yong Zheng, Robotics in warehouse
"The supply chain has to react to the market quickly. It should be flexible, expandable, so you can increase or reduce your capacity and save costs." But how do you achieve this? Founder and CEO of Geek+ Yong Zheng believes the best way is by having a smart warehouse built on a foundation of robotic technology.
Learn more about how robotics and people are working together to improve supply chains, logistics and the world.
Matthias Winkenbach, Last-mile logistics
"Mastering the urban last-mile is not about applying off-the-shelf solutions, it's about having tailor-made solutions to the specific areas you care about. Where you have your distribution facilities, what kind of facilities you have and how you use them, is basically the most strategic question you need to ask if you want to master the urban last-mile."
Matthias Winkenbach – Director of the MIT Megacity Logistics Lab and the MIT CAVE Lab looks at how businesses can use data and design to solve the challenges of urban distribution.
Tim Williams, The future of cities
"This is not just a disruptive era, it's a revolutionary era where there are ruptures with the past. It feels a bit like when the car was invented, that reshaped our cities. We're about to go through the same momentous kind of change."
Hear more from Tim Williams – a pre-eminent thought leader whose work as Cities Leader for Arup Australasia focuses on innovation, looking at how our cities are developed, managed and improved.
Ashley Stahl, Gen Z and millennials
Do you understand the dominant consumer of tomorrow? We're facing the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and there are some people who are scared and there are some people who are inspired. "Gen Z is a generation that's inspired by it. They want disruption, they really want to be a part of something that makes a difference, that really changes the world."
Ashley Stahl, a Forbes blogger, TedX speaker, author and Gen Z and millennial expert, shares how you should be communicating, marketing and working with this next generation.
Ben Cavender, Chinese consumer market
With 1.3 billion people in China, there's a great opportunity for brands wanting to do business there, however there are nuances in this dynamic market that you need to be aware of to maximise the opportunities.
"Whatever you're doing, there's a way to make it work here," says Ben Cavender, Managing Director at China Market Research Group. As an expert on the Chinese consumer market, Ben sets the record straight on how this market actually works and what trends may impact the rest of the world.
leasing_us@goodman.com Contact us


Setting up your email address – Choose and email address you check regularly. All Btcpop notifications go to this email.
Choosing your username – a good username should be something that you could easily remember. Also, ensure that it's an appropriate username as this is what the investors will see when you apply for a loan.
Long: combines upper/lowercase letters, includes numbers and symbols. The longer your password is, the tougher will it be for any hacker to crack your password. It introduces more possibilities making it harder to narrow down your password. Try to substitute letters with symbols, such as using "$" instead of "S" and so on.
Securely backed up: Losing or forgetting your password opens a door for mistakes. Even though Btcpop has secure methods to create a new password, it is best to just not lose or forget it. Because of it's high security and open source design I recommend Keepass if you are going to backup on your computer.
Login – After you create your account, BTCPOP will send a verification email for added security.
Simply click on the link included on the email and it will take you to the login page of BTCPOP. Lastly, you will be asked to enter the USERNAME and PASSWORD you have set. Please note you login with your USERNAME not your email.
What is a 2FA? – 2FA allows the users to link their phone or their computer in which an additional code is sent for verification. This is important since the codes sent to your device needs to be verified by the user real-time, thus, providing additional security. Enabling 2FA increases your security exponentially as both of your devices would need to be hacked in a quick manner as the 2FA code changes every 15-25 seconds.
Download the Google Authenticator App from the App Store on your smart phone.
Activate 2FA by going into your BTCPOP Security Settings and click the 2FA checkbox then re enter your password and click Save.
Now scan the QR Code or enter the key in the App and it will automatically register as BTCPOP.
It will then generate new Authentication codes every 15 or so seconds that you will have to use to login.
Download the Authy App from the App Store on your smart phone.
Go through App setup and verify your account.
To set the BTCPOP account up click the red "+" and it will request that you enter a Backup Password which allows you to recover your accounts if your phone gets lost or stolen.
To Activate 2FA go into your BTCPOP Security Settings and click the checkbox then reenter your password and click Save.
Download and install the Authy App from the Google Web Store on your browser.
Launch the App and follow the instructions for setting it up.
Now enter the code generated on your BTCPOP Security page in the App and select a logo for the account i.e. Bitcoin and call the account BTCPOP.
Click Done, then close out of that page by clicking the x in the top right corner of the App and it will open the accounts list.
Click on the BTCPOP account and it will then generate new Authentication codes you can use on the BTCPOP login page in the 2FA box.
Make sure and link your device – Make sure to use a phone of a PC that is yours so you can always have access to it. It is not recommended to use a shared device since it increases the risk for others to login to your profile.
3. SETTING UP A SECURITY PHRASE – A security phrase is a group of words that you need to set up and verify as an added security. Remember that this is not the same as your password and should not contain any sensitive information such as SSN or birthday.
Btcpop recommends creating a completely random security phrase and then storing it securely. Much like the 12 random words seeds used to back up different wallets. Storing it securely could be digital or physical. Keepass allows notes on accounts and would be a good place to store online.
Take note of your security phrase as you will be asked for your security phrase every time you contact support.
Btcpop recommends changing your security phrase after every support event. This way your account cannot be compromised if someone gains access to your old emails.
4. EXTRA VERIFICATION EMAILS – This recommended feature sends an email notification you whenever a different IP address or browser is used to access your profile.
Simply click on the check box to select which kind of notification you would like to receive.
"New IP Confirmation" – This feature is highly recommended especially for larger accounts who only use one IP Address. You will be asked to confirm the new IP Address before logging in.
"New Browser Confirmation" – This extra security is good for most users since it only triggers once a new browser has been used and usually we already have a browser of our choice. Nevertheless, if a new browser has been used, you will receive an email from BTCPOP and will need to verify your email address before logging in.
After you make the changes, you will be asked to enter your password on the bottom part of the page.
This will save your settings and you're done. You should be able to now start using your BTCPOP account with maximum security.
Were you able to setup your account successfully? Let us know in the comment section below. You may also share your suggestions and tips for setting up your BTCOP account.


Settled in the downtown core, RE/MAX Armstrong is the ideal first stop when exploring the farming community of Armstrong. With all the western charm of a rural community combined with a convenient proximity to urban amenities, Armstrong has much to offer both residents and visitors. In addition to farming, there is outdoor recreation, shopping, theatre, hiking, orchards, and the iconic annual Interior Provincial Exhibition. The REALTORS® at RE/MAX Armstrong are intimately acquainted with the ins and outs of their home and are eager to share their knowledge. Add to this their real estate expertise and a looming 33% market share, and it's easy to see why they are the right agents for your needs.
Through RE/MAX Commercial Solutions, this office also offers property management services for those offering or seeking rental properties. RE/MAX Armstrong has a REALTOR® ON DUTY available in the building during office hours and one available by pager 24 hours a day.


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filed: December 15, 2017 • Oregon
Energy Department and council under fire for cutting out public
Irene Gilbert, a La Grande resident and researcher for the Friends of the Grande Ronde Valley, has opposed numerous windfarms in Eastern Oregon based on their impacts on wildlife, wetlands, noise levels, and their visibility from towns or areas designated as wild and scenic. She says the council, at the recommendation of the Energy Department, has denied every one of her requests for a contested case. By her count, the council has rejected more than 80 requests for contested cases and not granted a single one.
Credit: By Ted Sickinger, Posted Dec 13, The Oregonian/OregonLive oregonlive.com ~~
The state panel responsible for siting large energy facilities is under fire for adopting rules that conservation groups and others say will limit transparency and cut the public out of decisions.
A group comprising nine conservation organizations is petitioning the Oregon Supreme Court to overturn rules the Energy Facility Siting Council and the Oregon Department of Energy adopted in October.
The groups contend those rules, which govern amendments to site certificates, block citizens from challenging new and expanded power plant expansions by unlawfully allowing Energy Department staff to decide which applications get public hearings and which can be formally contested by the public. They also say the rules illegally modify judicial review procedures, prescribing who can seek a court review of agency decisions and how.
The Department of Energy staffs the council, writes the rules and administers them. Todd Cornett, who oversees that staff, said the new regulations were adopted to enhance public participation and rein in review time. He said amendment requests received by the council are getting more and more complex, and reconciling those two goals was a constant balancing act.
But critics contend the council and Energy Department ignored all their suggestions in drafting the rule revisions. The results are so out of whack, they say, that they'd prefer to scrap them altogether and go back to those in place before October.
"The rules were bad then, and they got worse from there," said Nathan Baker, senior staff attorney for Friends of the Columbia Gorge. "They went 180 degrees in the opposite direction from where they started."
In the end, critics say it's another example of the dysfunctional Energy Department ignoring the public interest, interpreting rules and statutes unlawfully, and cozying up to the industry that pays its bills.
Their complaints have caught lawmakers' ears. A bipartisan committee that met last year to consider restructuring or dissolving the Energy Department contemplated a variety of changes to improve transparency and public input in the siting process. But the committee was dissolved before reaching a consensus on recommendations.
Sen Alan Olsen, R-Canby, is now chairing a workgroup to address those concerns.
"We all know the DOE is a mess, and it has been for years,' he said. "We want to go over the entire process of the Energy Facility Siting Council, and hopefully come up with some legislation for 2019 that will make the dang thing work for everyone involved."
The siting process has been controversial for years. For one, conservation groups say the council and the Department of Energy have consistently allowed developers and utilities to expedite regulatory reviews by categorizing major new facilities as amendments to existing site certificates.
The council and Energy Department staffers have allowed developers to build big windfarms and a pipeline as amendments to existing site certificates. Likewise, Portland General Electric applied to build two new gas-fired power plants in Boardman as an amendment to its existing site certificate there rather than applying for a new one.
A new site certificate requires more information, a more exhaustive analysis, and automatically affords anyone who comments on the application the opportunity to contest the council's decision before a hearings officer, albeit one hired by the Energy Department.
Moreover, critics say, the council and Energy Department routinely deny public requests to contest the council's amendment decisions.
The Energy Department has very different numbers. A spokeswoman said that as of 2014, the department had received only 26 contested case requests on 75 separate amendments. The department also said it had granted one contested case request in the late nineties.
Gilbert insists her tallies are correct, and says the only recourse is to request a review by the Oregon Supreme Court. But that's a Catch 22. Without being granted contested case, there's no case record for the court to review, she said.
"They control the whole process, and their determination over and over again is no significant impact," she said. "They get paid by the applicants. They bill for every hour of work on an application, then charge developers to monitor projects. So, in effect, they're working for the applicant."
In September, she requested that Secretary of State Dennis Richardson undertake a formal investigation of the Energy Department' siting division.
"There is a constant and escalating overreach and abuse of power focused on accommodating developers," she wrote in her request. "I have watched this agency move from bad to unbelievable over the past eight years. I am convinced that it will require legislative action to convince these people that they actually have to follow the statutes given the culture of the department which places the wishes of developers over the people and resources of the state."
The new rules are almost a complete rewrite of the previous ones and provide for three types of reviews, without standard criteria for determining which one applies.
The first is for complex projects, and grants an automatic public hearing. But it eliminates an early public comment period before Energy Department staff issues a draft proposed order. Critics say that removes the opportunity to identify and resolve problems early in the process, and would potentially result in one-sided proposed orders that only consider the applicant's positions and not the public's.
The first process allows the public to request a contested case, the groups say, but limits who can make those requests and how.
The second is for less complicated amendments and eliminates public hearings or the opportunity for the public to contest the council's decision altogether. The groups worry that applicants will use that process for streamlined reviews of their projects, and that Energy Department staff has the discretion to determine which process applies.
The third process is for "emergency" situations, and allows the council to issue a temporarily amended site certificate, allowing the developer to move forward, then go back and start the standard or expedited process. Public involvement, in this instance, only comes after the fact.
Cornett said none of the conservation groups has expressed concerns based on real experience. The council has only received one amendment request since adopting the news rules and it was under the standard process.
"Is it working for the public or for the site certificate holder?" he asked. "We'll have that information in a year or two, whether these new rules are working or not."
The conservation groups and others say they already know the answer.
"We think this is a huge step backward, otherwise we would not be challenging it," said Dan Serres, conservation director for Columbia Riverkeeper. "I know there's a new leader at DOE. Maybe this is an opportunity for the department and the council to dig a little deeper into the siting process. That's certainly what we're hoping for."
[rest of article available at source]
Source: By Ted Sickinger, Posted Dec 13, The Oregonian/OregonLive oregonlive.com


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Debashis Sarangi ∙ Jan 23 2023, 1:00 PM
Pakistan to play three T20Is against Afghanistan after PSL 8: Reports
Farid Malik and Asif Ali were involved in a verbal spat [Source: Twitter]
As per emerging reports, Pakistan will play a three-match T20I series against Afghanistan after the conclusion of the eighth season of Pakistan Super League. If sources are to be believed, all three matches will be played in Sharjah.
However, the series is subjected to government approval and hence will take place only if the ruling parties of both countries allow their respective teams to participate in the series.
Recently, in a shocking turn of events, Australia pulled out of the ODI series against Afghanistan scheduled in the United Arab Emirates.
Later, Cricket Australia justified its decision, citing it as a protestive move for the Taliban government's recently implemented laws reflecting their regressive mindset for the women of the country.
On the other hand, prominent Afghanistan players and leaders slammed the Australian board for their move backed by a different political ideology.
So, in such a scenario, Pakistan's interest to help Afghanistan overcome this critical phase comes as a breathe of fresh air for the war-torn nation.
However, both countries don't share a great on-field relationship. Whenever they meet on the cricket field, heated arguments takes place between the players as well as fans.
So, if this series happens, it might make the Afghans feel indebted for their Pakistani counterparts, sowing the seeds of friendship between the two cricketing nations.
Also Read: IND vs NZ, 3rd ODI: Preview, Prediction and Fantasy Tips
ICC reverts back!
After being rated 'below average' and later sanctioned by the International Cricket Council (ICC), the Rawalpindi pitch's demerit points have been revoked after Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) appealed to the world body.
Sixers vs Hurricanes: As it happened
Riding on Steve Smith's fifty and bowlers' collective effort, Sydney Sixers defeated Hobart Hurricanes by 24 runs.
New Chief selector!
Pakistan Cricket Board's (PCB) management committee chairman Najam Sethi, has announced the appointment of Haroon Rasheed as the new chief selector of the national side, replacing interim selector Shahid Afridi.
Debashis Sarangi
MORE FROM Debashis
BBL 12: Steve Smith registers his fastest fifty in T20s
IND vs NZ, 3rd ODI: Preview, Prediction and Fantasy Tips
Steve Smith fires again as Sixers record a thumping win over Hurricanes


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A Jack of all trades, trying to master some . . .
The rhubarb leaf stepping stones worked out very well. My friend across the street (who has been losing his leaves to my projects) had a fairly large leaf, because I had left his patch alone for a while. One look told me that it was a nice leaf to make a bird bath with.
I had been watering my newly seeded lawn twice a day for a few days and every time I did this , a robin came by and hopped though the spray from my hose. Seeing that planted a seed, because I saw the need. The robin was trying to tell me something.
The procedure is quite simple.Take a piece of plywood and lay it on a level surface. Put a piece of very thin plastic ( you could use a garbage bag) over the board. Make a mound with moist sand the shape of the leaf on the plastic sheet on the board. Place the leaf on top of this mound. It should be a nice natural fit.
Put a layer of concrete about an inch thick over the entire leaf. Place some wire or wire mesh over the concrete for added strength. Remember to pat down the concrete so you get the air bubbles out. Lift up the plastic around the edge: shape and pat the edges so that you have a relatively smooth and thick edge that will be strong enough to avoid breakage.
Bird bath materials laid out.
Beginning to make the mold.
The mold is ready for the leaf. For better results put the plastic on top of the sand and then place the leaf on the mold.
Leaf ready to have concrete applied.
Sorry, no pictures of the cement process. I mixed two batches with different dyes. This produced the mottled appearance.
The finished bird bath installed in my garden.
Within minutes of installing the bird bath, a bird was flying overhead, checking it out. You can see its reflection in the water. This project is definitely for the birds.
After completing my birdbath, I found the following article and videos for making a rhubarb leaf bird bath in a sample issue of GardenGate magazine. The author used a latex patch concrete, while I used regular premixed concrete, which has a bigger aggregate in it.
Written instructions on how to sand cast a bird bath.
Videos on how to sand cast a bird bath.
Wow, what a neat project. I may have to (get my husband to) try this. The birdbath looks great!
I love the mottled look , will have to try that.
I love the mottled look. Do you think paint would be ok to use for this. Do you like the bigger aggregate in the concrete instead of the vinyl?
I don't know how well paint would work. The dye works very well and stands the test of time. You can buy it at any of the big box stores that sell building materials. I would use water based paints and give that a try if you are curious. I think the smaller aggregate works better on such a small pour. Not sure I know what you mean by using vinyl.
I think Joan means that in the Garden Gate article you reference, they like to use vinyl patch concrete, while you use something else (portland cement?).
You can follow me as I jump from project to project.


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Abbreviations Audio 3D Models Common Medical Tests Figures First Aid Images Infographics Lab Test Medical Terms The One-Page Manual of Health Pronunciations Quizzes Self-Assessment Tools Tables Videos Weights & Measures Podcasts
Children's Health Issues /
Cystic Fibrosis /
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) /
Abnormal genes Abnormal secretions
Newborns and young children Older children and adults
Newborn screening Sweat test Genetic testing Carrier testing Other tests
Treatments for the lungs Antibiotics CFTR modulators Enemas and stool softeners Diet and supplements Pancreatic enzyme supplements Insulin Surgery Other treatments End-of-life issues
When to stop breastfeeding (wean the infant) depends on the needs and desires of both mother and baby. However, it is preferable for a mother to wait until the infant is at least how many months old before completely weaning?
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Beryl J. Rosenstein
, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Last full review/revision Apr 2020| Content last modified Apr 2020
Click here for the Professional Version
GET THE QUICK FACTS
Lab Test (2)
Cystic Fibrosis: Thickening Mucus
Cystic Fibrosis in the Lungs
Cystic Fibrosis: Not Just a Lung Disease
Sweat Chloride Test
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Gene Mutations Testing
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that causes certain glands to produce abnormal secretions, resulting in tissue and organ damage, especially in the lungs and the digestive tract.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by inherited genetic mutations that cause thick, sticky secretions to clog the lungs and other organs.
Typical symptoms include abdominal bloating, loose stools, and poor weight gain as well as coughing, wheezing, and frequent respiratory tract infections throughout life.
The diagnosis is based on sweat test results and/or genetic testing.
About half of the people with this disease in the United States are adults.
Treatments include antibiotics, bronchodilators, drugs to thin lung secretions, airway clearance treatments for respiratory problems, supplements of pancreatic enzymes and vitamins for digestive problems, and drugs to improve the function of the cystic fibrosis protein in people with certain mutations.
Some people benefit from liver and lung transplantation.
Cystic fibrosis is the most common inherited disease leading to a shortened life span among white people. In the United States, it occurs in about 1 of 3,300 white infants and in 1 of 15,300 black infants. It is rare in Asians. Because improvements in treatment have extended life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis, about half of people in the United States with this disease are adults. Cystic fibrosis is equally common among boys and girls.
Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs and also several other organs.
In the lungs, thick bronchial secretions block the small airways, which become inflamed. As the disease progresses, the bronchial walls thicken, the airways fill with infected secretions, areas of the lung contract, and lymph nodes enlarge.
In the liver, thick secretions block the bile ducts. Stones may develop in the gallbladder.
In the pancreas, thick secretions may block the gland completely so that digestive enzymes cannot reach the intestine. The pancreas may produce less insulin, so some people develop diabetes (usually in adolescence or adulthood).
In the small intestine, meconium ileus (a type of intestinal blockage) can result from thick secretions and may require surgery in newborns.
The reproductive organs are affected by cystic fibrosis in various ways, usually resulting in infertility in males.
The sweat glands in the skin secrete fluid containing more salt than normal.
Abnormal genes
Cystic fibrosis results when a person inherits two defective copies (mutations) of a particular gene, one from each parent. This gene is called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Various mutations can affect the CFTR gene. For example, the most common one is called the F508del mutation. The CFTR gene controls the production of a protein that regulates the movement of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium (salt) across cell membranes. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause the protein to become dysfunctional. If the protein does not work correctly, the movement of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium is disrupted, leading to thickening and increased stickiness of secretions throughout the body.
Worldwide, about 3 of 100 white people carry one defective copy of the CFTR gene. People with one defective copy are carriers but they themselves do not get sick. About 3 of 10,000 white people inherit two defective copies of the gene and develop cystic fibrosis.
Abnormal secretions
Cystic fibrosis affects many organs throughout the body and nearly all the glands that secrete fluids into a duct (exocrine glands).
The organs most commonly affected are the
Reproductive organs
The lungs are normal at birth, but problems can develop at any time afterward as thick secretions begin to block the small airways (mucus plugging). The plugging leads to chronic bacterial infections and inflammation that cause permanent damage to the airways (bronchiectasis). These problems make breathing increasingly difficult and reduce the lungs' ability to transfer oxygen to the blood. People also may have frequent bacterial respiratory infections that affect the sinuses.
In the pancreas, blockage of ducts prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine. A lack of these enzymes leads to poor absorption of fats, proteins, and vitamins (malabsorption). This poor absorption, in turn, can lead to nutritional deficiencies and poor growth. Eventually, the pancreas can become scarred and no longer produce enough insulin, so some people develop diabetes. However, about 5 to 15% of people who have cystic fibrosis and carry certain mutations do not develop pancreatic digestive problems.
The intestines can become blocked by thick secretions. This blockage is common immediately after birth because the contents of the fetus's digestive tract (called meconium) are abnormally thick. Such blockage in the small intestine is called meconium ileus and in the large intestine is called meconium plug syndrome. Older children and adults may also have problems with constipation and blockage of the intestines (distal intestinal obstruction syndrome).
The liver and gallbladder can be blocked by thick secretions, which eventually can cause liver scarring (fibrosis). Gallstones may develop.
The reproductive organs can be blocked by thick secretions, which can cause infertility. Almost all men are infertile, but infertility is much less common in women.
The sweat glands secrete fluid containing more salt than normal, increasing the risk of dehydration.
The symptoms of cystic fibrosis can vary depending on a person's age.
Newborns and young children
About 15 to 20% of newborns who have cystic fibrosis have meconium ileus, which causes vomiting, bloating (distention) of the abdomen, and absence of bowel movements. Meconium ileus is sometimes complicated by perforation of the intestine, a dangerous condition causing infection and peritonitis (inflammation of the tissue lining the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs) and, if untreated, shock and death. Some newborns have a twisting of the intestine on itself (volvulus) or incomplete development of the intestine. Newborns who have meconium ileus almost always develop other symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
The first symptom of cystic fibrosis in an infant who does not have meconium ileus is often a delay in regaining birth weight or poor weight gain at 4 to 6 weeks of age. This poor weight gain is due to poor absorption of nutrients related to inadequate amounts of pancreatic enzymes. The infant has frequent, bulky, foul-smelling, oily stools and may have a bloated (distended) abdomen. Without treatment, weight gain in infants and older children is slow despite a normal or large appetite.
Older children and adults
Unless a diagnosis is made through newborn screening, about half the children with cystic fibrosis are first taken to the doctor because of frequent coughing, wheezing, and respiratory tract infections. Coughing, the most noticeable symptom, is often accompanied by gagging, vomiting, and disturbed sleep. Children may have difficulty breathing, wheezing, or both. As the disease progresses, children develop a declining tolerance for exercise, lung infections tend to occur more frequently, the chest becomes barrel-shaped, and insufficient oxygen may make the fingers clubbed (see Clubbing) and the nail beds bluish. Polyps may form in the nose. The sinuses may fill with thick secretions, leading to chronic or recurring sinus infections.
Older children and adults may have episodes of constipation or develop recurring and sometimes chronic blockage of the intestines. Symptoms include a change in stooling pattern, crampy abdominal pain, a decreased appetite, and sometimes vomiting. Gastroesophageal reflux is relatively common among children and adults.
When a child or adult with cystic fibrosis sweats excessively in hot weather or because of a fever, dehydration may result because of the increased loss of salt and water. Parents may notice the formation of salt crystals or even a salty taste on their child's skin.
Adolescents often have slowed growth and delayed puberty. As the disease progresses, lung infection becomes a major problem. Recurring lung infections gradually destroy the lungs.
There are many complications of cystic fibrosis.
Inadequate absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K may lead to night blindness, osteopenia (decrease in bone density), osteoporosis, anemia, and bleeding disorders. In about 20% of untreated infants and toddlers, the lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus, a condition called rectal prolapse. Infrequently, infants with cystic fibrosis who have been fed soy formula or hypoallergenic formula may develop anemia and swelling of the extremities, because they are not absorbing enough protein.
Complications of cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults include rupture of the small air sacs of the lung (alveoli) into the pleural space (the space between the lung and chest wall). This rupture can allow air to enter into the pleural space (pneumothorax), which collapses the lung. Other complications include heart failure and massive or recurring bleeding in the airways.
About 2% of children, 20% of adolescents, and 40 to 50% of adults with cystic fibrosis develop insulin-dependent diabetes because the scarred pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin.
The blockage of bile ducts by thick secretions can lead to inflammation and eventually scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) in about 2 to 3% of people with cystic fibrosis. Cirrhosis may increase the pressure in the veins entering the liver (portal hypertension), leading to enlarged, fragile veins at the lower end of the esophagus (esophageal varices), which can rupture and bleed profusely.
In almost all people with cystic fibrosis, the gallbladder is small, filled with thick bile, and does not function well. About 10% of people develop gallstones, but only a small percentage develops symptoms. Surgical removal of the gallbladder is rarely needed.
People with cystic fibrosis often have impaired reproductive function. Almost all men have a low or absent sperm count (which makes them sterile) because one of the ducts of the testis (the vas deferens) has developed abnormally and blocks the passage of sperm. In women, cervical secretions are too thick, causing somewhat decreased fertility. However, many women with cystic fibrosis have carried pregnancies to term. The outcome of the pregnancy for both the mother and the newborn is related to the mother's health status during pregnancy. Otherwise, sexual function is not impaired in men or women.
Other complications may include arthritis, chronic pain, problems sleeping and obstructive sleep apnea, kidney stones, kidney disease, depression and anxiety, and an increased risk of cancer of the bile ducts, pancreas, and intestines.
Newborn screening test
Carrier screening
Screening tests for cystic fibrosis are done on all newborns in the United States. A drop of blood is collected on a piece of filter paper and the level of trypsin (a digestive enzyme from the pancreas) is measured. If the trypsin level in the blood is high, newborns undergo confirmatory testing, which includes sweat testing and/or genetic testing. Most cases of cystic fibrosis are now identified by newborn screening tests.
If newborn screening was not done, the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is usually confirmed in infancy or early childhood, but cystic fibrosis goes undetected until adolescence or early adulthood in about 10% of people with the disease.
A sweat test is done in newborns who have a positive newborn screening test and in infants, children, and older people who have symptoms that suggest cystic fibrosis. This test, which is done on an outpatient basis, measures the amount of salt in sweat. The drug pilocarpine is placed on the skin to stimulate sweating, and filter paper or thin tubing is placed against the skin to collect the sweat. The concentration of salt in the sweat is then measured. A salt concentration higher than normal confirms the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in people who have symptoms of cystic fibrosis or who have a sibling with cystic fibrosis. Although the results of this test are valid any time after a newborn is 48 hours old, collecting a large enough sweat sample from a newborn younger than about 2 weeks old may be difficult.
Genetic testing for an abnormal CFTR gene can help diagnose cystic fibrosis in a newborn who has a positive newborn screening test result, in a person who shows one or more typical symptoms, or in a person who has a sibling with cystic fibrosis. Finding two abnormal cystic fibrosis genes (mutations) is consistent with the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. However, a positive sweat test is still needed to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, because typical genetic testing does not look for all of the more than 2,000 different cystic fibrosis mutations, failure to detect two mutations does not guarantee the person does not have cystic fibrosis (although the chance of having cystic fibrosis is very low). The disease can be diagnosed prenatally by doing genetic testing on the fetus using chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.
Some infants with a positive newborn screening test for cystic fibrosis can be hard to classify, even after sweat testing and genetic testing. These are infants who have no cystic fibrosis-related symptoms, sweat test results that are in-between the positive and negative ranges, and either no or only one cystic fibrosis gene mutation. Doctors diagnose this group as having CFTR-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS), also called cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). Although most of these infants remain healthy, later in life some develop symptoms related to cystic fibrosis and are diagnosed with cystic fibrosis or a cystic fibrosis–related disorder. Thus, all of these children should be monitored regularly in a cystic fibrosis care center.
Some people, usually adults, develop symptoms that affect only one organ, often with an intermediate sweat test result and without two cystic fibrosis–causing mutations. For example, symptoms may affect only the pancreas (resulting in pancreatitis), the lungs (resulting in bronchiectasis), or the male reproductive organs (resulting in infertility). They are diagnosed with a CFTR-related disorder.
Carrier testing
Carrier testing can be done for people who want to become parents or are looking for prenatal care. In particular, relatives of a person with cystic fibrosis may want to know whether they are at increased risk of having children with the disease, and they should be offered genetic testing and counseling. A blood sample is taken to help determine whether a person has a defective cystic fibrosis gene (mutation).
Unless both potential parents have at least one such mutation, their children will not have cystic fibrosis. If both parents carry a defective cystic fibrosis gene, each pregnancy has a 25% chance of producing a child with cystic fibrosis, a 50% chance of producing a child who is a carrier, and a 25% chance of producing a child with no defective cystic fibrosis genes.
Because cystic fibrosis can affect several organs, other tests may be helpful. Pancreatic enzyme levels are usually reduced, and an analysis of the person's stool may reveal low or undetectable levels of the digestive enzyme elastase (secreted by the pancreas) and high levels of fat.
Blood tests are done to determine whether insulin secretion is reduced and blood sugar levels are high. Blood tests are also done to look for problems with the liver and to measure fat-soluble vitamin levels.
Doctors routinely take samples of material from the throat or coughed up from the lungs and culture it to identify bacteria in the airways and help them decide which antibiotics may be needed.
Pulmonary function tests may show that breathing is compromised and are good indicators of how well the lungs are functioning. These tests are done several times a year and whenever there is a decline in a person's health.
Chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT) of the chest may be helpful to document lung infection and the extent of lung damage. CT of the sinuses is done for people who have serious sinus symptoms, particularly if they have nasal polyps or are being considered for sinus surgery.
The severity of cystic fibrosis varies greatly from person to person regardless of age. The severity is determined largely by how much the lungs are affected. In the United States, people with cystic fibrosis who were born in the year 2017 are predicted to live to about 47 years of age. The outlook for longer survival has improved steadily over the past 50 years, mainly because people are diagnosed earlier and treatments can now postpone some of the changes that occur in the lungs. Long-term survival is significantly better in people who do not develop pancreatic problems.
However, deterioration is inevitable, leading to loss of lung function and eventually death. People with cystic fibrosis usually die of respiratory failure after many years of deteriorating lung function. A small number, however, die of heart failure, liver disease, bleeding into the airways, or complications of surgery including lung and/or liver transplantation. Despite their many problems, people with cystic fibrosis often attend school or work until shortly before death.
Routine immunizations
Antibiotics, inhaled drugs to thin airway secretions, and airway clearance techniques to remove airway secretions
Drugs that help prevent airways from narrowing (bronchodilators) and sometimes corticosteroids
Pancreatic enzyme and vitamin supplements
High-calorie diet
In people with specific mutations, CFTR modulators
A person with cystic fibrosis should have a comprehensive program of therapy directed by a doctor experienced with cystic fibrosis care—usually a pediatrician or an internist—along with a team of other doctors, nurses, a dietitian, a respiratory or physical therapist, and ideally a social worker, genetics counselor, pharmacist, and psychologist. The goals of therapy include long-term prevention and treatment of lung and digestive problems and other complications, maintenance of good nutrition, and encouragement of physical activity.
Children with cystic fibrosis need psychologic and social support because they may be unable to participate in normal childhood activities and may feel isolated. Much of the burden of treating a child with cystic fibrosis falls on the parents, who should receive adequate information, training, and support so they can understand the disorder and the reasons for the treatments.
Adolescents need guidance and education as they transition to independence and assume responsibility for their care.
Adults need support as they deal with issues related to employment, relationships, health insurance, and deteriorating health.
Treatments for the lungs
The treatment of lung problems is focused on
Preventing airway blockage
Controlling infection
The person should receive all routine immunizations, particularly for infections that can cause respiratory problems such as Haemophilus influenzae, influenza, measles, pertussis, pneumococcus, and varicella.
Airway clearance techniques, which include postural drainage, chest percussion, hand vibration over the chest wall, and encouragement of coughing (see Chest Physical Therapy), are started when cystic fibrosis is first diagnosed. Parents of a young child can learn these techniques and carry them out at home every day. Older children and adults can carry out airway clearance techniques independently by using special breathing devices, an inflatable vest that vibrates at a high frequency (a high-frequency oscillation vest), or special breathing maneuvers. Aerobic exercise, done regularly, can also help keep the airways clear.
Bronchodilators are drugs that help prevent the airways from narrowing. People usually take bronchodilators by inhaling them. People with severe lung problems and a low level of oxygen in the blood may need supplemental oxygen therapy. In general, people with chronic respiratory failure do not benefit from using a ventilator (breathing machine). However, occasional, short periods of mechanical ventilation in the hospital may help during an acute infection, after a surgical procedure, or while waiting for a lung transplant.
Drugs that help thin the thick mucus in the airways, such as dornase alfa or hypertonic saline (a highly concentrated salt solution), are widely used. These drugs are inhaled through a nebulizer. They make it easier to cough up sputum, improve lung function, and may also decrease the frequency of serious respiratory tract infections.
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, given by mouth can relieve symptoms in infants with severe bronchial inflammation, in people who have narrowed airways that cannot be opened with bronchodilators, and in people who have an allergic lung reaction to a type of fungus (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is also treated with an antifungal drug given by mouth.
Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is sometimes used to slow the deterioration of lung function.
Antibiotics must be started as early as possible to treat respiratory tract infections. At the first sign of a respiratory tract infection, a sample of coughed-up sputum or a swab of a sample from the back of the throat and tonsils is collected and tested, so that the infecting organism can be identified and the doctor can choose the drugs most likely to control it. Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant or methicillin-sensitive strains, and Pseudomonas species are commonly found. Many different antibiotics can be given by mouth to treat staphylococcal infections. To treat a Pseudomonas infection, an antibiotic such as a fluoroquinolone often can be given by mouth (orally), or an antibiotic such as tobramycin or aztreonam can be inhaled through a nebulizer.
However, if the infection is severe, antibiotics given by vein (intravenously) may be needed. For this treatment, tobramycin or another aminoglycoside antibiotic is combined with another antibiotic that specifically targets Pseudomonas. These antibiotics include cephalosporins, penicillins, fluoroquinolones, and monobactams. This treatment often requires hospitalization, but part of the treatment may be given at home. Taking the inhaled form of tobramycin or aztreonam every other month for a long time and also continuously taking an oral form of the antibiotic azithromycin 3 times each week may help control Pseudomonas infection and slow the decline in lung function.
CFTR modulators
CFTR modulators are oral drugs taken chronically that improve the function of the defective protein made by mutations in the CFTR gene.
There are four CFTR modulators or combinations for people who have specific mutations: ivacaftor, lumacaftor/ivacaftor, tezacaftor/ivacaftor, and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. These drugs can be used to treat about 90% of people who have cystic fibrosis. Doctors give these drugs to people based on their age and the mutations they have.
Ivacaftor is given to people 6 months of age and older who have at least 1 copy of a specific cystic fibrosis mutation.
The combination of lumacaftor and ivacaftor can be given to people 2 years of age and older who carry 2 copies of the F508del mutation.
The combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor can be given to people 6 years of age and over who carry 2 copies of the F508del mutation or other specified mutations.
The combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor can be given to people 12 years of age and over who carry at least 1 copy of the F508del mutation.
CFTR modulators can improve lung function, increase weight, decrease the salt concentration in sweat, and decrease the frequency of lung infections. Although all of these drugs can be helpful, only ivacaftor and the combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor are considered to be highly effective therapy.
Doctors are working to develop drugs that will help people with other mutations that cause cystic fibrosis.
Enemas and stool softeners
Newborns who have blocked intestines may be treated with special enema solutions but often require surgery.
Older children and adults who have constipation or partially blocked intestines may be treated with stool softeners, enemas, and special solutions given by mouth or via a small, flexible plastic tube (nasogastric tube) that is passed through the nose or mouth into the stomach.
The diet should provide enough calories and protein for normal growth. Because digestion and absorption can be abnormal even when pancreatic enzyme supplements are used, most children need to consume 30 to 50% more calories than the usually recommended amount to ensure adequate growth. The proportion of fat should be normal to high. High-calorie oral supplements can provide extra calories for children and adults.
People who cannot absorb enough nutrients from food may need supplemental feedings given through a tube inserted into the stomach or small intestine.
People with cystic fibrosis should take double the usual recommended daily amount of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) in a special formulation that is more easily absorbed.
Drugs that stimulate the appetite may be helpful. When people exercise, have a fever, or are exposed to hot weather, they should increase their fluid and salt intake.
Pancreatic enzyme supplements
People whose pancreas has been affected by cystic fibrosis must take capsules of pancreatic enzyme supplements with all meals and snacks. For infants, parents open the capsules and mix the contents with an acidic food such as applesauce so that the special coating on the pancreatic enzyme supplement does not dissolve before reaching the intestines. For some people, drugs that reduce stomach acid, such as a histamine-2 blocker or a proton pump inhibitor, can improve the effectiveness of the pancreatic enzymes. Special milk formulas containing protein and fats that are easy to digest may help infants who have pancreatic problems and poor growth.
People with cystic fibrosis who have diabetes need to take insulin injections. Oral drugs for diabetes are not adequate treatment.
In addition to insulin, management includes nutrition counseling, a diabetes self-management program, and monitoring for eye and kidney complications. People also need special nutrition counseling because standard dietary recommendations for people with only diabetes or only cystic fibrosis are not adequate.
At times, surgery may be needed to treat a collapsed lung, chronic sinus infection, severe chronic infection restricted to one area of the lung, bleeding from blood vessels in the esophagus, gallbladder disease, or obstruction of the intestine. Massive or recurring bleeding in the lung can be treated by a procedure called embolization, which blocks off the bleeding artery.
Liver transplantation has been successful for people who have bleeding resulting from esophageal varices or severe liver damage.
Double lung transplantation for severe lung disease is becoming more routine and more successful with experience and improved techniques. For adults who have cystic fibrosis, average survival after a double lung transplant is about 9 years.
People who have heart failure are given drugs (diuretics) to reduce the amount of fluid they retain. Diuretics help by increasing the amount of water the kidneys can get rid of from the body. People should also limit their intake of table salt and salty foods.
Injections of human growth hormone may improve lung function, increase height and weight, and reduce the rate of hospitalization. However, this drug is costly and inconvenient for people to receive, so doctors do not commonly prescribe it.
Some people with low oxygen levels in their blood may need supplemental oxygen that is usually given through a two-pronged nasal tube (cannula). Some people are treated with a tight-fitting mask placed over the nose or nose and mouth. A mixture of oxygen and air is delivered under pressure through the mask. This technique, called bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), can help people maintain normal oxygen levels while they sleep.
People who have CF and their family members need to have discussions with their doctor and care team about their prognosis and what types of treatment they want to receive. These discussions are especially important for people whose lung function is worsening. People need to be prepared for what is to come and know what treatments may be done to extend life. With advanced CF, people and their families need to discuss the potential benefits and burdens of lung transplantation.
Doctors should give people who have CF the information they need to make care choices and should help people determine how and when to accept dying and how to talk about dying. Most people facing the end of life with CF are older adolescents or adults who are responsible for and usually capable of making their own choices.
When aggressive treatments are no longer helpful, doctors may begin giving people treatments that aim only to relieve symptoms (called palliative care). People usually do best when they make such decisions for end-of-life care well in advance of needing to. Such early discussions are very important because, later on, the illness often prevents people from explaining their wishes. This process of making decisions in advance for end-of-life care is called advance care planning. Such planning should involve the execution of appropriate legal documents that reflect the person's wishes regarding end-of-life care.
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Drugs Mentioned In This Article
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OZURDEX
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ISOPTO CARPINE, PILOPINE HS, SALAGEN
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aztreonam
AZACTAM
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Bronchiectasis
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Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Manual was first published in 1899 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge.


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Sundance Coverage Weird Interviews Weird News Indie Reviews International Features
November 18 2021, 9:00 AM
Review: COWBOY BEBOP, Netflix's Adaptation of Beloved Anime Ignores What Made it Great
Let's start with the good news.
The good news is that the original Cowboy Bebop anime is available for viewing right now on Netflix.
The bad news? Netflix took everything that was fun and wonderful about the original anime series and smothered it to death with needless, additional character arcs and mind-numbingly bad gravitas.
Netflix has been guilty of cutting and pasting original ip's before, simply recreating someone else's work for the screen and saying it's brand new. This time though it probably would have worked in their favor instead of what they've done with this adaptation. Their only answer for not copying the anime episode by episode was to emphasise what the original story didn't place at the forefront of the series, Spike's past. Thus the showrunners created a larger and dominant storyline with Vicious (a low-rent Witcher variant by the looks of things, poor poor Alex Hassell), his plot to overthrow the Syndicate's Elders and rise to power, with his wife Julia in tow.
So you've buffered your run time with a dull, uninspired and tired story of a villainous coup to try to make your show's bad guy more interesting. The showrunners also created a penultimate episode solely devoted to Spike and Vicious' backstory. If that is what you think fans of the original show wanted you could not be further from the truth. All of this drama completely deflates whatever eb and flow the episodes do manage to conjure up; a real one step forward two steps back kind of scenario.
There is very little bounty hunting in the new series. Almost laughable is the effort put in by the actors brought in for a scarce glimpse of Punch and Judy, hosts of the bounty hunter show, Big Shot. It was like they were given clips from the show and told they had an hour to be able to mimic the anime personas on screen. Tragic. An entire episode was devoted to Spike and Faye arguing about which bounty to go after, without leaving the ship and going after one.
The little fighting there is, is predictably chopped and edited to ribbons. There is so little of it that it becomes less annoying as the series moves along because there isn't much more to get frustrated about. Finally, after a long absence of any real action for a few episodes there's a decent set piece in the penultimate episode, one that will be the subject of someone else's editorial or vlog breakdown to get hits.
One of the early contentions from the anime's loyalists was the announcement of who would play the role of Faye Valentine. Played by Daniella Pineda the Mexican-Amerian actress did not meet the expectations of said loyalists, more specifically their fetishes (yeah, we said it) with the redesign of the character. Interestingly she is really the only bright spot of the series, an embodiment of the spirit of the original series. Faye has the best quips, best comebacks, best swearing, and most of the best scenes in the series. By far the best thing about the series is Pineda in this role. Suck it, whiners.
On the opposite end, how do you take Ein, an adorable corgi to start, a dog so cute that the Queen of England has a small army of them at her beck and call in case anyone tries to seize the throne, and completely underuse them? Never mind that the only mention of Ed during the series is by a fucking text, an easter egg at first and another added insult to fans later on! Oh, there will be a reckoning about Ed when the show starts streaming, believe you me.
The showrunners have completely missed what made the anime so good, how it has stood the test of time. Even with the underlying story about Spike's past, that ultimately it was fun. This series is not fun. It is bland, dull and boring. Moreover, the showrunners decided that what we really wanted was more anger, violence and gore. No. No we do not.
You had one job, Netflix: don't shit on the original. But you did, and our fears were unfortunately realized. You ignored what made the anime series a long time fan favorite, a series that has stood the test of time and is considered one of the all time greats. Instead, you focused on a small portion of the story and made a series that ultimately lacks fun and brevity, choosing to suck the joy out of the property and go big with anger and darkness instead.
Last time we checked the show was called Cowboy Bebop, not Syndicate Bebop. There will not be a second series, the fans will see to that, and we can quickly put this behind us.
This is a weight that we are not going to carry.
Daniella PinedaJohn ChoElena SatineActionAdventureCrime
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Aviation authorities have concluded that strange metal pieces found at Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport since late April were added to cargo transport dollies by the dolly maker to meet weight requirements.
A Dan Tri newspaper report Thursday quoted a source from the Vietnam Civil Aviation Authority as saying 52 kilograms of the metal pieces and small iron balls had been added to 34 dolly trailers used to transport cargo to and from aircraft in order to meet weight specifications in the bidding contract to supply the dollies.
The agency has asked the Vietnam Electromechanical and Construction Company based in Hanoi, which made the trailers, to fix them so that they "truthfully" meet the design requirements.
It has also asked the company to do its own investigation and punish individuals responsible for using the metal pieces to add weight to the trailer.
There was no explanation as to why the company itself was not being held responsible for actions that aviation inspectors have said undermined airport safety.
Many triangular metal pieces with three- to five-centimeter sides and half a centimeter thickness, had been seen around the cargo loading area of the airport since late April,and similar ones were found on May 8 in the dollies.
They had fallen out of holes at the bottom of the trailers, which were managed by Hanoi Ground Services Company. The bottom was covered, but the covers had worn out and the pieces have been falling out through holes.
The Noi Bai airport is using 816 dollies produced by the same company.


Dr. Baden received his bachelor's degree in Physics from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill before attending Wheaton College in Chicago to explore his faith and receive a master's degree in Theology. Motivated by a strong desire to serve and care for others, Dr. Baden decided to attend medical school. Returning to the University of North Carolina, Dr. Baden received both his medical degree and his master's in Public Health. After considering a number of specialties, he eventually decided radiation oncology allowed him to apply his background in physics while providing personal care to cancer patients.
"I really enjoy being there for patients during what is often a tremendously difficult time in their lives," says Dr. Baden compassionately.
Dr. Baden's love of service is evident by the time he spent, during school, working and serving in other countries including Peru, Ecuador, Haiti and Tanzania. After medical school, Dr. Baden completed his Internal Medicine internship at the University of Washington before completing his residency in Radiation Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Earlier this year, Dr. Baden received the ASTRO (American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology) global health scholarship, which sent him to work for the radiation oncology department at the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.
NGPG Radiation Oncology is a group of highly experienced, board certified specialty professionals who provide patients with the latest and most advanced radiation therapy options.
NGPG Radiation Oncology has three convenient locations: Braselton, Gainesville and Toccoa. Call 770-219-1824 to schedule an appointment, or visit www.ngpg.org/radiation-oncology for more information.
NGPG Radiation Oncology is an affiliate of Northeast Georgia Health System.


Lance Armstrong's former US Postal teammates Leipheimer, Vande Velde, Zabriskie, Danielson, Barry and Hincapie suspended by USADA (US Anti Doping Agency) for six months, and disqualified some of their past results.
11 former teammates of Lance Armstrong testified under oath in USADA's investigation into doping practices carried out by Lance Armstrong and the US Postal team, which found Armstrong guilty of several doping related charges. Frankie Andreu, Michael Barry, Tom Danielson, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leipheimer, Stephen Swart, Christian Vande Velde, Jonathan Vaughters and David Zabriskie were part of a 26-strong group that gave written testimonies.
As a result of the investigation, Armstrong was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles and chose not fight the charged leveled at him. The six active former teammates suspended for six months and disqualified some of their past results.
From June 01, 1999 to July 30, 2006 and from July 7 to July 29, 2007.
From May 31, 2004 to July 31, 2006.
From June 04, 2004 to April 31, 2006.
From May 31, 2003 to July 31, 2006.
From March 1, 2005 to September 23, 2006.
From May 13, 2003 to July 31, 2006.
* George Hincapie and Michael Barry announced they would retire this season.


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House intelligence memo requires another special counsel
Richard Land Russia, Trump
The release of the House Intelligence Committee memo has raised grave constitutional questions. Did officials at the highest levels of the justice department and the FBI collude with operatives of the Clinton presidential election campaign to employ scurrilous opposition research furnished by foreign intelligence operatives (i.e., "spies") and paid for by the Clinton campaign to obtain warrants under false pretenses to spy on individuals in the Trump election campaign? And, once President Trump won, did they then use the same tactics to spy electronically on the Trump transition team as an "insurance" policy to try to keep the duly elected president from fulfilling his term in office?
These are questions the American people have a right to know the answer to, and their government has an obligation to provide the answers in the most transparent way.
Let's be clear — this justice department "FISA-gate" controversy, absent any compelling evidence uncovered in the future — has nothing to do with special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation.
Harvard law professor and famed civil libertarian Alan Dershowitz underscored the essential truth at the heart of this justice department controversy — "FISA-gate" — when he said, "Every American — liberal, conservative, Democrat, Republican — has a stake in making sure that the FBI remains accountable and follows the law and follows the Constitution."
I believe it is now time for the appointment of Alan Dershowitz as a new special counsel to investigate the apparent unconstitutional abuses of Americans' civil liberties by rogue officials in the justice department and the FBI.
Why Alan Dershowitz? While Mr. Dershowitz is a longtime supporter and friend of Hillary Clinton, and a Democrat, he is also a deeply committed civil libertarian whose only client is the Constitution of the United States and its ironclad protections of American citizens from violations of their freedoms by their government.
This is one conservative Republican who is also deeply committed to the constitutional protections of those God-given freedoms, and who believes this could well be Alan Dershowitz's finest hour.
Mr. Dershowitz would go wherever the evidence led him, whatever the consequences, and no one could accuse him of partisan bias, a political vendetta, or an establishment cover-up.
Unless the government is willing to take such extraordinary measures and give Mr. Dershowitz, or someone of similar stature, the power to investigate, prosecute, and root out rogue actors in our justice system, then our constitutional rights are in grave danger.
Our Constitution declares that the government gains its authority from the consent of the governed. If these grave matters are not thoroughly investigated and addressed, then I withdraw my consent. For starters, the FISA courts and all the extraordinary legal apparatus that accompanies them must go.
What about the terrorist threats, you may ask? Benjamin Franklin, at another crisis point in our history, declared, "Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."
If the abuses indicated in the House memo are substantially true, then we face a greater threat to our freedoms from our own government than we do from the terrorists.
Frankly, as for me and my house, unless these apparent abuses can be rooted out and fixed, we'll take our chances with the terrorists rather than an out-of-control justice department and its power to trample Americans' liberties on a daily basis.
This post originally appeared at ChristianPost.com.
Richard Land
Richard Land is president of Southern Evangelical Seminary and executive editor of The Christian Post.
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Semi-gloss black-laquered solid ash frame, Birch plywood, black-stained ash veneere, Satin brass.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Page views of Mikhail Gorbachevs by language »
In Russia »
Among POLITICIANS In Russia »
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician, lawyer, and statesman. The eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, he was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Read more on Wikipedia
Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Mikhail Gorbachev has received more than 14,503,140 page views. His biography is available in 134 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 126 in 2019). Mikhail Gorbachev is the 31st most popular politician (down from 29th in 2019), the 5th most popular biography from Russia (up from 6th in 2019) and the 2nd most popular Russian Politician.
Mikhail Gorbachev is most famous for being the last leader of the Soviet Union. He was in power from 1985 to 1991 and is known for his policies of glasnost and perestroika, which are credited with ending the Cold War.
Page views of Mikhail Gorbachevs by language
Among politicians, Mikhail Gorbachev ranks 31 out of 15,710. Before him are Cicero, Commodus, Umar, Abraham Lincoln, Queen Victoria, and Carles Puigdemont. After him are Nero, Louis XVI of France, Justinian I, Marcus Aurelius, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Pericles.
106 BC - 43 BC
Umar
Louis XVI of France
Justinian I
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Among people born in 1931, Mikhail Gorbachev ranks 1. After him are Rajneesh, Boris Yeltsin, Toni Morrison, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, James Dean, Raúl Castro, Robert Duvall, Tomas Tranströmer, Alice Munro, Chun Doo-hwan, and Philip Kotler.
Rajneesh
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Chun Doo-hwan
Philip Kotler
Among people born in Russia, Mikhail Gorbachev ranks 5 out of 2,688. Before him are Immanuel Kant (1724), Vladimir Lenin (1870), Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821), and Leo Tolstoy (1828). After him are Yuri Gagarin (1934), Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840), Dmitri Mendeleev (1834), Anton Chekhov (1860), Peter the Great (1672), Alexander Pushkin (1799), and Vladimir Putin (1952).
Others born in Russia
Vladimir Lenin
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Dmitri Mendeleev
Among POLITICIANS In Russia
Among politicians born in Russia, Mikhail Gorbachev ranks 2. Before him are Vladimir Lenin (1870). After him are Peter the Great (1672), Vladimir Putin (1952), Nicholas II of Russia (1868), Ivan the Terrible (1530), Nikita Khrushchev (1894), Boris Yeltsin (1931), Kim Jong-il (1941), Alexander I of Russia (1777), Nicholas I of Russia (1796), and Alexander III of Russia (1845).
Russian born Politicians
Nicholas II of Russia
Ivan the Terrible
Kim Jong-il
Alexander III of Russia
Ivan Silayev
Soviet And Russian Politician
1953–1964 First Secretary Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union
Nikolai Ryzhkov
Soviet Official And A Russian Politician (Born 1929)
1st President Of Russia (1991-99)


Peninsula Hot Springs has again been celebrated as an industry leader at the 2018 World Luxury Spa Awards. The award gala ceremony, which celebrates excellence in the spa industry, was held in Northern Ireland this year. After winning at Vietnam in 2017 and Switzerland in 2016, Peninsula Hot Springs was honoured to be announced as Australia and Oceania's 2018 winner in the Mineral Spring Spa category in front of hundreds of spa industry professionals.
The award results are based on nominations from spa guests, which are then reviewed by an expert panel of independent spa consultants from all over the world. Winners are judged on quality, innovation and service.
Congratulations to our sister spring in New Zealand, Maruia Hot Springs for winning in the Luxury Eco Spa category in Australasia and Luxury Mineral Spring Spa in New Zealand.
Thank you to all those who took the time to vote for us, and to our wonderful staff for all of your hard work.