text:
Private, protected modifier and __ notation
smer44 (Smer44) January 2, 2023, 1:36am #1
This suggestion could be rather radical for Python users, who got used to its features, however I would post it.
The idea is to add "traditional" private (and maybe protected) modifier on class and instance fields and methods. I know, the "traditional" way is to use a __… in variable name, however the issue is that this variable would be still accessible from outside the class for example by var() method, and a user can work with them as with usual class fields for example change them. So fields like that are not really private, what abuse software design principles.
The idea instead is to have common private (and maybe protected) modifier. Fields, defined like that could be for example in the separate dict, what is not accessible from the outside of the class. This feature is really basic and easy to implement even on the level of IDE, so there should be no problem to implement it in interpreter.
For brief syntax, the privacy must not necessary be defined with the word "private".
For example, if the variable inside the class is defined as :
"- p = 10" the minus sign indicates that this is a private variable
"+ p = 20" the plus sign indicates that this is public
and default would be protected.
As a bonus, you can get rid of ugly " __ " notation. I know there is a lot bad looking code what use all kinds of horrible looking statements with " __ " so it may remain deprecated for a long time.
ajoino (Jacob Nilsson) January 2, 2023, 3:14pm #2
Your final sentence look malformed, could you try to reformat it to look correct?
Regarding the suggestion, what value would this add to Python beyond fixing some "ugly" notation?
smer44 (Smer44) January 2, 2023, 5:07pm #3
As said, this will introduce "real" private class fields, what would be really invisible from outside the class. Now, fields what are marked with " __ " are accessible from outside of the class, further, they can be changed, what violates encapsulation principle and is potential source of misusages .
Yes I see that you want to add some notion of data encapsulation, but you haven't told us how data encapsulation would improve Python. Data encapsulation in and of itself is not necessarily a good thing. I really like how you can mess around with Python objects.
This has been brought up before, though I can't find those discussions right now, and I think the conclusion of those discussions were that since you cannot access the "raw" data (i.e. individual pointers and bytes in memory) of a class member the data is already encapsulated. At least in the sense that you can't mess around and get memory errors. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
Cupprum (Samuel Branisa) January 2, 2023, 5:23pm #5
What the __ notation does, is that it prepends the name of the variable with underscore and name of the class. I hope the following example explains it.
class Test:
__a = "test"
test = Test()
print(test._Test__a)  # prints test
print(test.__a)  # raises Attribute error
As seen above, you can still access these variables also from outside of the class. They are however left our from the __dict__ representation of the object.
barry (Barry Warsaw) January 2, 2023, 7:45pm #6
Samuel Branisa:
What the __ notation does, is that it prepends the name of the variable with underscore and name of the class.
Quite right, and I think the purpose of double-leading-underscore is often misunderstood, or maybe just kind of lost to history. It was added to solve a problem with inheritance. If your class uses single-leading underscore as a hint to its privateness, a subclass of your class could shadow that variable unknowingly, possibly even breaking your class's behavior. This sometimes happens when your base class isn't designed for inheritance so doesn't expect its semi-private-ish variables to be overridden. By prepending the class name to double-leading-underscored variables, you can prevent this accident.
In practice, I don't think the idea panned out very well, so I suspect the meme of it being for private variables took over.
Yes that is correct, if the variable is named_Test__a is will not be accidentally replaced in a subclass, what would have _TestSubclass__a for example, what is issue in Python, again, because unlike other OOP classes it has one naming scope for all variables and methods. If Python would have different scopes for class fields, the replacement of private variable would not be an issue.
However you still can access to this variable via vars(test) and modify it, what should definitely not be allowed.
eryksun (Eryk Sun) January 2, 2023, 9:09pm #8
They are however left our from the __dict__ representation of the object.
As with any other class attribute, __a is stored in the class dict, i.e. vars(Test), except it's mangled as "_Test__a". However, an instance attribute named __a will of course be stored as a mangled name in the instance dict. For example:
def m(self):
self.__a = 42
>>> t = Test()
>>> t.m()
>>> vars(t)
{'_Test__a': 42}
Functions compiled in a class definition are implemented to mangle a name that begins with two underscores if it does not also end with two underscores, even for the names of local variables. For example:
class Base:
__a = 'apple'
__spam__ = 'spam'
self.__b = 'banana'
self.__eggs__ = 'eggs'
class Derived(Base):
>>> Base.m.__code__.co_varnames
('self', '_Base__a', '__spam__')
>>> Derived.m.__code__.co_varnames
('self', '_Derived__a', '__spam__')
>>> Base.m.__code__.co_names
('_Base__b', '__eggs__')
>>> Derived.m.__code__.co_names
('_Derived__b', '__eggs__')
Rosuav (Chris Angelico) January 2, 2023, 10:05pm #9
Smer44:
If Python would have different scopes for class fields, the replacement of private variable would not be an issue.
Different scopes would cause many MANY other problems. An object is a coherent whole, regardless of which parts "came from" which levels in inheritance. That's true even in C++, where there's a lot more meaning to 'which parts came from where' (since they're declared in the class block), and definitely true in Python, where an object is an object and it just has attributes.
Can you demonstrate some actual benefit from attempting to stop people from doing things? In my experience, attempting to stop programmers from writing software just means that they find ways around your barriers. Sometimes appalling ways. Life - and coding - finds a way.
stoneleaf (Ethan Furman) January 2, 2023, 10:07pm #10
Python has a "consenting adults" policy – we use various idioms, such as leading underscores, to inform other programmers what methods, attributes, etc., shouldn't be messed with, and then leave it up to them. If they do use or modify these private and/or internal objects, then any consequences of it not working correctly are their responsibility.
However, this also means that people can extend functionality, or more easily work around bugs, because they have access to those private/internal data and functions.
Barry Warsaw:
Quite right, and I think the purpose of double-leading-underscore is often misunderstood, or maybe just kind of lost to history. It was added to solve a problem with inheritance.
Raymond Hettinger gave a talk at some point (PyCon 2013?) that illustrated this – here are the slides.
smer44 (Smer44) January 2, 2023, 11:28pm #12
Okay, so private fields are intentionally made accessible without any real restrictions. Now I remembered the reason why I got the idea about the privacy issue here. It was the conversation with a front-ender about the possibility to use Python instead of JS to have the same Python code for as well as standalone app and interpreted by browser (it is NOT the suggestion, I know it is too radical). However it is technically possible since these are both language on similar level, and its possible to have JIT Python compiler, etc…
So back to the topic.
This guy pointed that the one of the issues in organizing .js libraries is the encapsulation for security reason. JS also has lack of possibilities to describe variables as private, what opens real security holes in the structure of web-services, if someone imports .js file and then starts to mess around with intern content.
Thinking about why is it such an issue in JS, as this guy described, but is allowed in Python, and is handled properly in common OOP languages, like Java, C# etc… maybe the "consenting adults" policy is disputable. And the language would benefit from blocking user to access where they are not allowed to.
Rosuav (Chris Angelico) January 2, 2023, 11:46pm #13
Wait, hold on. In what way is this a security hole? If there are JavaScript systems with a security boundary that is just a simple function/method call, then you have way WAY worse problems than people able to import your .js files.
In web services, the boundary between server and client should be a security boundary, and should be fully checked by the server - not the client library, which is part of the client. Anything that makes this more obvious - like the fact that JavaScript doesn't stop people from importing libraries and messing with them - is a good thing, because it will mean that problems get found more easily. The solution is NOT to hide "internal" members; it is to have the server do the proper checking.
fancidev (Fancidev) January 3, 2023, 1:20am #14
Believe it or not, being able to access, and in fact change, private member variables is one of the key features that make Python so handy for a lot of tasks Please don't take that magic away!
barry (Barry Warsaw) January 3, 2023, 4:21pm #15
so private fields are intentionally made accessible without any real restrictions
I think even calling them "private" in Python is kind of misleading. It leads to incorrect assumptions. Sometimes we use that term as a shorthand for single or double leading underscore named attributes, but it isn't really accurate to do so IMHO.
steven.daprano (Steven D'Aprano) January 3, 2023, 10:24pm #16
I think even calling them "private" in Python is kind of misleading.
I'm sure Barry knows this, but for the benefit of @Smer44 they are private by convention. The interpreter intentionally makes no attempt to enforce the rule.
There are languages which attempt to enforce strong access rules, and all that happens is that developers end up spending enormous amounts of time trying to find fragile ways of defeating the compiler.
So it is Python's philosophy to just leave it up to the developer in the first place. We have a strong convention that you should not touch leading underscore "private" attributes, and that works well enough.
For times where you really need to protect something you can write your class in C and just not expose that attribute to the Python layer at all.
ajoino (Jacob Nilsson) January 3, 2023, 10:30pm #17
Steven D'Aprano:
Until someone takes that personally and uses ctypes


Black or dark coloured without logos and long enough to cover the blazer. Non front-opening top coats, with or without a hood, whereby the school tie cannot be seen, are not acceptable; neither are denim, leather or hoodies.
If it has to be worn, it is limited to one small plain ring and a maximum of one small plain gold or silver stud earring per ear lobe.
No other jewellery or piercings (including facial piercings, tongue studs or bars) are permitted. Jewellery items which break the school rules will be confiscated until the end of the half term.
Nail varnish or false nails must not be worn to school.
Girls in Years 7-9 should not wear make-up and in Years 10-11 it should be very discreet.
No extreme styles, fashion colours or hair patterns (e.g. tramlines).
207-208 Moulsham Street, Chelmsford (telephone 01245 262481).
We advise parents to purchase shin pads and mouth guards for both boys and girls. For safety reasons students who do not wear shin pads will not be able to take part in certain activities. There may be additional items should your son/daughter make school team selection.
Thermal leggings are only permitted in a competitive match and not for curriculum lessons/training. During winter months long sleeved thermal tops can be worn in either plain black or white, appropriate to the activity.
All students carry a Responsibilities and Expectations Card. If the uniform or PE kit is incorrect, a member of staff will mark the card. Six marks for any reason or a missing card will result in an after school detention.
PE kit should be in lockers except when needed. If taken to other lessons, it is the student's responsibility to look after it.
We are grateful to parents for supporting the school in its efforts to ensure that uniform is of a high standard.
We appreciate that footwear can be an issue, particularly in bad weather. We would recommend that in wet or extremely cold weather students wear suitable footwear and change into their school shoes immediately on arrival.
Their outdoor shoes can then be stored in their lockers until the end of the day.
Aprons and goggles must be worn and are provided by the school.
Sixth Form students should dress appropriately for a public workplace, bearing in mind they are studying within the context of an 11-18 school environment. The dress code is 'smart casual' and the minimum standards expected are no ripped/torn jeans; no low cut/revealing tops; no beachwear/flip flops; no shorts or mini skirts; no undergarments showing; no offensive logos/slogans. Jewellery should be kept to a minimum and with no piercings in the top of the ear, nose, lip or anywhere else. Hair colour should be 'natural.' No excessive make up.


We've all seen the value of early Classic Minis skyrocket over recent years, making it quite justifiable to make some mechanical upgrades to enhance safety, performance, and enjoyability of these relics... we note that all the Mark 1 Minis left are at least 50 years old now!!
If you want to run 10 inch wheels, this is the kit to add the Cooper S Disk brakes to any Classic Mini that still has drum brakes in front. The improvement in braking power is eye-opening, upgrading your Mini from 'primitive' to modern sports car capable!
Let's not forget the rear of your Classic Mini. Even back in the 60s, the Cooper S models used the "big drums" to widen the track at the rear of the car to match the wider disk brake front.
This kit should be considered mandatory for cars with front disk brakes and over-size wheels and tires!
Another area where technology has marched forward is TIRES! Modern radials introduce side loads never dreamed of during the "Leave it to Beaver" era! Minis used caged BALL bearings in the standard models well into the 1970s! Any serious Classic Mini must upgrade to the Timken-style tapered roller bearings as used on all modern cars, and luckily, it's a very easy upgrade with the new bearings simply going into the existing hubs. Don't even think of keeping the caged ball bearings if you have oversized wheels and tires, or a powerful engine!
We've improved the stopping and the rolling and handling of our early Mini so far! With most American Minis running a big engine, the next upgrade to reliability and performance has to be modernizing the drive axles. Early minis used an inner u-joint at the differential output that had a known issue, namely that the 4-axis u-joint had to operate through a bind in certain conditions. Suspension and steering travel can exceed the range of the u-joint, so the end-caps had to be in a large rubber cup that could force the joint past it's normal range. This was adequate for the 15 or so horsepower 850cc engines of the original design, but results in quick destruction when a built 1275 puts 5 times the power through it!
We supply a kit that usually accompanies a new big engine going into an early car, thus it includes the late Rod-change shift linkage along with a pair of good used axles, AND brand-new inner CV joints (known as "Pot Joints" for some reason!) that feature the very standard modern 6-axis articulation common with front-wheel-drive cars.
Here's a link to the kit.
Finally for today, Updating that old brick of a Lucas starter motor! One of the reasons so many British cars are notorious for destroying flywheel ring gear teeth is because most of them used a version of this starter! In fact one of the easiest and cheapest fixes for a starter that keeps "missing" the flywheel is to simply replace the old starter with this modern Japanese unit that is used by Honda and Toyota. We modify the housing to fit the Mini, and the gear engages the OPPOSITE side of the flywheel teeth.
We've taken a modern Japanese high torque starter and machined a mounting flange to mate it to an A-Series engine. It has a proper solenoid that positively engages the starter when the switch is activated, and it is powerful enough to crank the highest compression engine. Note: NO core charge!
We've all experienced it - a cantankerous engine that fires on one cylinder just as that Lucas starter kicks out! What an improvement to have a starter that cranked the motor as long as you want. These direct drive, gear reduction starters do that! Every race car should have one of these.


text:
Marketing A Health Business in Japan
Here is the synopsis of our sample research paper on Marketing A Health Business in Japan. Have the paper e-mailed to you 24/7/365.
This 5 page paper considers how a company may enter the Japanese market. The writer considers the marketing mix after identifying the target audience and then looking at the most effective and economic way of reaching this market. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEjapmar.rtf
Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
market in their home country and wish to expand, They have identified a market that they feel able to approach, and have developed the idea of a franchise strategy to gain entry into this market. However, they do not have a strategy for the way in which they wish to promote the business in Japan and how it will be presented. There are many international issues in business that will impact on the way business is conducted, language difference may be the most obvious, but they are not the only differences. The culture of two difference countries will also be of importance in the way trade is negotiated and conducted and the manner in which decision are made. The culture will embody the aspects such as morals, ethics as well a as social and cultural aspersions and expectations and fashions. When we consider whether an adaptation or a standardisation technique approach should be adopted we need to look at the country and its attitudes internationally as well as internationally. National identity is a phenomenon which is seen in many countries. It is reflected by the media in serious and less serious issues, we can even argue that the media encourages nationalism. Examples of an outward demonstration of nationalism resulting in a feeling of national identity can be seen by the way we will support our own country in the Olympic Games, jumping to its defence if it is criticised. A high degree of nationalism may lead to a resentment or rejection of anything that appears to conflict with these ideals. However, when we look at Japan there is a nationalist idea, but there is also a very string emphasise on terms of the way the external countries are seen. The way that the country developed after the war ...
The Epistle of Philemon
A DISCUSSION ABOUT HEALTHCARE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Truman Doctrine and Korea
WALMART STORES INC. -- CASE STUDY
Issues In Sociology/Mixed
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Почему не работает ngIf Делаю в шаблоне проверку
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И при запуске IDEA выдает ошибку
error TS2322: Type 'string | undefined' is not assignable to type 'string'.
Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'string'.

Разве этой проверки не достаточно?

A: Мне удалось решить проблему двумя способами.
так:
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или так
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A year ago I decided to show you a taste of what can be picked and eaten from the streets and parks of Amsterdam, every day for a year. That year came to an end today. It has been quite a journey!
There was never a day without edible or medicinal herbs growing wild. As the year moved on I found more and more herbs, fell in love with some such as Hollyhock and learned secrets about others. Whilst on holiday, friends in Amsterdam were often kind enough to email photos to me. The Christmas holiday was difficult, Amsterdam had miserable weather so fewer photos from friends. In place, I added a batch from my holiday in Tenerife.
I am very grateful to Joop Eisenburger, Lina Kremin, Elodie and Herman den Otter, Dennis Breedijk, Lynne Dunstan-Wadsworth and Dana Marin and others for their beautiful photos, whilst I was away from time to time.
So what is around today on day 365? It was an apprenticeship group meeting for me so friends to share the discoveries with.
Above is Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum). Just braking into flower in some parts of park Frankendael, this patch is still perfect for the pot.
Below, Fumitory. Renowned in some regions as a cleanser of radiation from the body and more well known as a tonic for the digestive system.
Next is Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) NL Hartgespan. Returning from its winter underground hide. Beloved, bitter herb.
Here is Pennsylvania Pelitory, I was so pleased to learn of its urinary tonic effect last year.
Primrose (Primula vulgaris). This plant will be focused on in my next project – growing and using native herbs in public (or private) spaces. There is not enough Primrose to pick in Amsterdam, so why not grow some more?
Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus). Orange sap for herpes and dissolving skin growths. So many more uses for this herb but be careful, it is caustic.
Horsetail (Equistitum arvensum) flowering, ahead of its foliage – so useful for brittle nails due to the high silica content.
Soapwort, also just emerging from the soil. Still used by some musea to gently cleanse ancient fabrics. It is a wonderful herb for many skin complaints and grows easily in a pot. It's other common name, Bouncing Bet, aptly describes it's flowering beauty in summer.
Russian Comfrey (Symphytum uplandicum x). Bone set in old country tales, rapid wound healer and more for us today. It smells and tastes of Borage and Cucumber, is gooey inside and is so easy to use on your body and your compost heap!
I'm so happy to find this plant. Really happy! It is Wormwood (Artemisia absinthum). It is an endangered species in the Netherlands, this is the first patch of wild Wormwood I have found in Park Frankendael.
Some of my apprentices gathering Bread & Cheese from a beautiful Hawthorn tree (Crataegus monogyna). May Day here we come!
Here is Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). One of the best eating wild plants in town. Pick just a leaf per plant when you find it and it'll treat you to delicious meals until autumn. Pick a whole plant and you'll really miss out later on!
And Ground Elder (Aegopodium podograria). I love this plant but most gardeners try to rid their patch of it. A carrot family member, it tastes of parsley, clears gouty, sciatica and rheumatic joints and I'll be eating it daily from now until early winter!
There were far more plants today but now it's time to stop.
So a beautiful day, a beautiful project (to be continued in some form but not daily), amazing plants on our doorsteps and wonderfully enthusiastic people to share them with. Many thanks to everyone who has been involved on some way and especially Frank for his tolerance. I'll now have a little rest and then organise the photos into something useful. Also time to finish my book on making remedies.
If you'd like to walk with me and learn about the plants to be foraged in Amsterdam, there is a chance on Sunday 26th May.


Crossing disciplinary boundaries, this volume offers a rare forum for a serious analysis of the territorial dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands between China and Japan. To understand the complexity of the dispute and to find peaceful solutions, we must reach beyond the confines of a single discipline and perspective. The volume deconstructs conflicting perspectives on the two sides of the dispute. Territorial disputes often become symbolic expressions of nationalistic rivalries, particularly as political claims for territories escalate and economic competition for resources between countries intensifies. Cutting through the political rhetoric on both sides of the controversy and bringing together a group of eight scholars from the disciplines of history, international relations, law, political science, and sociology, this book analyzes the relevant history, international law, multilateral relations, political agendas, and social and collective memory, to shed light on this difficult dispute. Taken together, the chapters of the book propose short-term, medium-term, and long-term peaceful solutions for going beyond the impasse of the current territorial dispute.
Tim F. Liao is Professor of Sociology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and has served as Head of the Department of Sociology and Acting Director of the Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies at Illinois. Kimie Hara is Professor and the Renison Research Professor at the University of Waterloo, where she is also the Director of East Asian Studies at Renison University College. Krista E. Wiegand is an Associate Professor of Political Science at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Her research interests include territorial disputes, conflict management, Asian and Middle East security, and terrorism.


One of the biggest issues with running a laboratory is how much it takes to manage it. Most labs require extreme supervision for safety and control purposes. However, the real danger comes from the problems that cannot be visibly seen. Too low or too high of humidity can do just as much damage to a lab as any safety error. The solution we will explore is the use of ultra sonic humidification.
Without a solid humidification solution, low humidity can cause major damages to expensive equipment that may be used every day. Tools like spectrometers, scanning equipment, and electronic microscopes can cost upwards of thousands of dollars to replace. This is the last thing that should ever happen to a lab, especially if it is something that can be controlled.
Before jumping into the ways to prevent these damages with ultrasonic humidification, the first thing to understand is why humidity can cause problems for laboratories.
How Does Humidity Affect the Conditions of Lab Equipment?
Sudden rise in air temperature can instantly cause condensation to develop and form on the surface of all lab tools. This can happen when power is cut off, or shutting down air conditioning for a few minutes. A simple interval of increased temperature can create an extreme fluctuation in humidity.
When condensation forms, there is an increased risk of inaccurate readings and equipment breakdown. False readings lead to possible situations where the reputation of the lab can be put on the line, more money spent on continual maintenance of the equipment, and forcing work behind schedule.
Most lab equipments desire a relative humidity (RH) of 40-50%. Using a humidifier with an automated control settings will help maintain the RH at a steady level throughout the day.
However, there are other threats that can arise from humidification issues.
When the air in the lab becomes very dry, employees may experience static shock in various areas. Although this may be unimportant initially – common areas are door knobs and random metal items – once it begins to affect lab equipment, things can get serious.
Equipment used for lab testing can become damaged from electrical shocks. On top of the inaccurate readings and equipment damage, the main concern comes from the dangers of employee to equipment contact, especially if they are using it for their tasks.
Wood is known to bend and buckle when it becomes too dry or too wet. Not controlling the humidity can cause the wood to warp. A wooden table, for instance, could end up breaking while supporting expensive equipment.
Low humidity can drastically affect the health of people. This could mean the entire team can get bronchial illness, which will put everyone out for a substantial amount of time. Failure to fix the humidity even after an event like this occurs can cause backlash from the employee. This more times than not will result in frustration and employees quitting to find new jobs elsewhere.
low humidity levels can affect the health of people and raise unwanted illnesses.
How Will Ultra Sonic Humidification Help Prevent These Issues?
Ultra sonic humidifiers work by using high frequency sound waves to break down moisture particles to disperse a fine, cool mist. This mist is incredibly fine and looks more like a fog of air, rather than a mist. By using this mechanism with RO/DI water (purified water), damages will be greatly reduced. These systems are known to be more quiet than their standard counterparts, and has a RH control that will maintain that level of humidity at all hours of the day. The cool mist also keeps the laboratory free from becoming too dry as well.
To learn more about ultra sonic humidification and what types of water can be used, click here to read about the Quick and Easy Basics of Ultra Sonic Humidification and RO/DI Water.
Contact us at Ultra Pure Systems to inquire more about how ultra sonic humidification can help your lab needs. Our ultra sonic humidification systems are designed to be used with labs of any size, and quick and easy installs means a one-time setup is all that's needed.


Peter (Homepage) wrote: I like the mixing of orange and blue. It makes for a surreal image.
gallcat (Homepage) wrote: The movement of the cloud is wonderful.
Szabó Zsolt-Tibor (Homepage) wrote: Splendid pictures!
Fábio Teixeira (Homepage) wrote: You can't imagine how i'd love to be there now. Great moody picture. I'll bookmark your page to check back later. Take care.
t i n o (Homepage) wrote: Wow, the reflection, light, beautiful. Well done!
Frank (Homepage) wrote: Great sky and colours. A very beautiful place.
Alejandra (Homepage) wrote: I like the soft light and the reflections. very beautiful picture!
oldshutterhand (Homepage) wrote: Looks like early morning. Very soft, smooth light. Well done.
Marcie (Homepage) wrote: Stunning! Love how reflection of the clouds formations in the water..and love how those cloud formations balance the long peer.


This lovely family friendly beach house sits up on the cliffs in the pretty village of Milford on Sea. It is a clever mix of minimalist style, colour pops and pragmatic design for families wanting to enjoy the beach and coast. The kitchen has a glass bi-folds that let the afternoon sun in from the garden. It's sunbathing heaven and there is a good BBQ and garden furniture.
The house is owned by two food-lovers so there is masses to cook and serve with…and a huge amount of kitchen cooking space.
Colours here are predominantly greys and whites with the odd splash of blue, and pink (the owners' two young girls normally live here and have left plenty of toys out for visiting kids). The kitchen is open-plan and huge. There is a big kitchen island for informal eating plus a good sized kitchen table for 10 – so it's perfect for extended families holidaying together.
Milford on Sea, is 1 mile away. But you can walk to the beach from here in 10 mins without going anywhere near the town. The village is charming and has long beaches, sandy at mid-low tide. Enjoy!
Inside the house, both adults-only and family groups will love it. The house lends itself to both.
The style is modern, clean, bright and airy. Bedrooms are a generous size, modern and chic. Bathrooms are smart and sparkly.
But the house is best in the shared spaces. We've already mentioned the kitchen which is huge. Second is the giant sitting room with three 3 seater sofas and a big TV for vegging out, or kids movie night after a day at the beach.
The house basks in it's south facing position and the little garden is full of sun and the smell of the sea in summer. You can walk to the beach here in 2 mins – you'll find them long and quiet. You'll find shingle at high tide and sand (perfect for sandcastles) at mid-low tide. It's perfect for hauling tired sandy children back home.
The accommodation is set with 4 bedrooms upstairs, 2 bathrooms upstairs and a shower downstairs – great for sandy kids!
Lymington, just 10 minutes way is often noted as one of the 'Top 10 places to live in the UK' and is vibrant through the year. The bustle spins off to the nearby local towns and Milford on Sea is no exception – and walking distance (15 mins). The Cave is superb for drinks, No64 Biscuit House and The Old Smithy are great for an eclectic and upmarket gift selection. There are restaurants valour and plenty of take away options too including a great Thai.
Read our Insider Guide to Milford on Sea to get the full low down.
Kids will love it here. There are toys aplenty. The garden is entirely enclosed at the back and the beach and ice-cream kiosk are 2-5 mins walk. Parents will love that the garden is entirely viewable from the kitchen so it's easy to manage any situations! The garden also has a trampoline (unfenced) in the garden, sprinklers and water pistols, a plastic slide for very little ones.
For teens, try the Saltwater baths in summer -situated in Lymington – for the floating 110 metre assault course, paddle boards and zorbs. All bonkers and great fun.
Families with people to spoil – especially good for VIP birthdays and multi generation family groups.
There's one step in to the house at the front door, otherwise flat in the kitchen and downstairs shower. All bedrooms are upstairs but the stair rail is good.
It really has to be the proximity to the beach, we just can't get enough of it. Whether you fancy a quiet and refreshing morning swim, a relaxed family BBQ for lunch or an evening sundowner, this is the place for you.
For those wanting a bit more action – take your kayak, paddle board or windsurfer and launch off from here.
Keyhaven hamlet is 1 mile along the coast from Milford village. It's pretty, boaty and charming. Take a boat from here to discover Hurst Castle which is also well worth a visit. You'll blow your cobwebs away on the mile walk back. You can hire paddle boards and take a half or day trip here too. Don't forget to forage for samphire on the way home. Read more in our Insiders Guide to Keyhaven here.
Garden : A south facing sunny garden with patio and garden furniture, BBQ and large trampoline for the kids. It is also enclosed so good for dogs too.
Kids' Stuff : One travel cot and one high chair are provided. There is a very good selection of kids games, toys, books and activities in the house. These suit children from 3-10. In the garden you'll find a trampoline without a cage. The garden is small and enclosed. Bucket and spade type items are left for you too.
Pets : Dogs welcome, the back garden is well enclosed with a high fence.
Fantastic beach location. Beautiful home. Huge family kitchen - well stocked. Over and above expectations. Felt like home.
This lovely family friendly beach house sits up on the cliffs in the pretty village of Milford on Sea. It is a clever mix of minimalist style, colour pops and pragmatic design for families wanting to enjoy the beach and coast. The kitchen has a glass bi-folds that let the afternoon sun in from the garden. It's sunbathing heaven and there is a good BBQ and garden furniture. The house is owned by two food-lovers so there is masses to cook and serve with…and a huge amount of kitchen cooking space.
Colours here are predominantly greys and whites with the odd splash of blue, and pink (the owners two young girls normally live here and have left plenty of toys out for visiting kids). The kitchen is open-plan and huge. There is a big kitchen island for informal eating plus a good sized kitchen table for 10 – so it's perfect for extended families holidaying together.
Inside the house, both adults-only and family groups will love it. The house lends itself to both. Bedrooms are a generous size, modern and chic. Bathrooms are smart and sparkly. But the house is best in the shared spaces. We've already mentioned the kitchen. Second is the giant sitting room with three 3 seater sofas and a big TV for vegging out, or kids movie night after a day at the beach.


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Q: Having an issue converting a float to an integer (PHP) Short story, here's my code:
var_dump($recentGame->createDate);
var_dump((int) $recentGame->createDate);

Is producing the following output:
float 1416772859827
int -566347853

Why is the output of the typecasted output not this:
int 1416772859827

A: Quoting from the PHP docs:

The size of an integer is platform-dependent, although a maximum value of about two billion is the usual value (that's 32 bits signed). 64-bit platforms usually have a maximum value of about 9E18, except for Windows, which is always 32 bit. PHP does not support unsigned integers. Integer size can be determined using the constant PHP_INT_SIZE, and maximum value using the constant PHP_INT_MAX since PHP 4.4.0 and PHP 5.0.5.


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Time to grow up
Family policies for the way we live now
Macdonald, David & McInturff, Kate
Full report available online
Executive Summary:
Family life isn't the same today as it was thirty years ago. With nearly 2.5 million more women in the workforce, Mom is far more likely to work than she was a generation ago. Women's incomes are filling an important gap, given that men working full time have seen their median inflation-adjusted incomes increase by less than 5% in thirty years. It is perhaps no surprise then that in households where there is a working male parent, the mothers of young children are more likely to work and the majority of those mothers work full time.
Family incomes are further handicapped by the persistence of the wage gap. Even working full time, in the same industry, with the same education, women are consistently paid less than men. The so-called 'motherhood penalty' means that when those women have children they will see a further 8% decrease in their earnings.
More than half of the 1.9 million children under the age of five in Canada live in families with two working parents. There are currently only enough regulated childcare spaces for half of that group of children. Pre-kindergarten enrolment fills in only a fraction of the shortfall, leaving 361,000 children
out in the cold.
Families are working hard to meet the challenges of a changing socioeconomic landscape. Governments have an important role to play in supporting them. Childcare, parental leave, and economic policies that level the playing field (rather than tilting heavily in favour of more choice for the 6 Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives highest income earners) can all make a substantial difference to the quality of family life in Canada.
The experience of the Quebec government demonstrates that where there is affordable and accessible childcare, parents and children benefit. Since the introduction of the Quebec childcare program women's employment levels have increased by 18% and fertility rates have increased by 5%. Increased employment has been a net gain to the economy. The Quebec childcare program is now producing more in tax and other government revenues than the program costs-bringing in an estimated annual net gain of over $200 million to the provincial government.
Quebec has also been a policy leader in responding to the desire of fathers to spend more time with their children. Quebec offers leave specifically for fathers, in addition to leave available to both parents and maternity leave. Five years after Quebec introduced paternity leave, 76% of fathers in Quebec were taking leave, compared to 26% of fathers in the rest of the country.
The current federal government's approach to family policy is falling short of the needs of parents. It does nothing to address the shortfall in the number and affordability of safe childcare for the children of working parents. Nor has it made any effort to address the wage gap, which is hampering the economic security of families. Perhaps most worryingly, the recently introduced program of income-splitting for parents with children under 18 is set to widen inequalities between families and increase inequality within families, all at a high cost to the treasury and the Canadian economy.
The federal government's income splitting policy is designed to benefit families where there is one middle- or high-income earning parent and one parent with little or no income. In application, for 83% of families that qualify, both parents work, but with a large pay gap. In only 17% of families is there a single (usually male) earner. The benefits of income splitting are highly concentrated among high-income families-whose incomes already make it possible for one parent to forgo paid work to spend more time with their children. Only 52% of families with children under 18 will receive $1 or more from income splitting-and that is only if they can navigate the 85 additional steps on their tax forms. Of that 52% who gain, 20% will receive roughly a dollar a day.
The small or non-existent benefit to low- and middle-income families and zero benefit to single parents mean that the families whose choices are most constrained by economic conditions will not see a benefit sufficient to allow them to forgo further hours of earned income in order to spend more time with young children.
Income splitting will also have a significant negative effect on Canada's labour force and on the economic security of women. In every industrialized country where income splitting has been introduced, the result is a decrease in female labour force participation, with little or no impact on male labour force participation. A reduction in female labour participation without a parallel rise in male labour force participation will leave Canada with a smaller and less flexible labour supply. It will also tilt the playing field heavily in favour of women staying out of paid work for longer periods of time-with negative consequences for their long-term economic security and that of their children.
Further, income inequality within families has been repeatedly demonstrated to have a negative impact on marital satisfaction and stability. Financial decisions have long been a source of conflict among married couples. However, when conflicts over financial decisions are resolved as a result of one spouse exercising a disproportionate level of control over the decision (because they are the sole or major contributor to family finances), both spouses are less satisfied with the outcome. The result: both spouses report lower levels of marital satisfaction in the long term.
Federal and provincial governments have an opportunity to make the struggle to balance work and family life easier. Neither work nor family life looks the same today as it did a generation ago. It is time for our policies to catch up with the way families live now, by providing solutions to the problems families are facing today.


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'Ukrainians to summon ambassador over engineer abduction'
Ukrainian officials said they were not involved in the capture of Dirar Abu Sisi, the Palestinian engineer abducted from the Ukraine by Mossad agents last month, the Associated Press reported.
A spokesperson for the Unkranian National Security Service said that the agency is no aware how Abu Sisi disappeared from the Ukraine and ended up in an Israeli prison, according to the report.
The Ukranian Foreign Ministry on Wednesday said that it planned to summon the Israeli ambassador in order inquire about the case, AP reported.


Water means everything from health, nature, urbanization, industry, energy, food and equality. It is part of our daily life everywhere and at anytime. It is the heart of sustainability and essence of life. Today the 22nd of March, World Water Day, is an occasion for us to celebrate water as ancient Egyptians did (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile). To promote water and sanitation in Africa there is a dedicated Facebook page for communication and information, visit it at: (https://m.facebook.com/commonwealthafricabuja/posts/1610941099118189).
World Water Day is a day to celebrate water to make a difference for the global population who suffer from water related issues. It's a day to prepare for how we manage water in the future. World Water Day is shining the spotlight on a different issue every year. In 2015, the theme for World Water Day is "Water and Sustainable Development". It's about Water Nexuses, i.e. how water links to all areas we need to consider to create the future we want.
This entry was posted in Agriculture & Farming, Economy & Investment, Education & Research, Energy Resources, Environment & Climate, Health & Fitness, Human Resources, Politics & Infrastructure, Protection Instruments, Public Awareness, Sanitation & Hygiene, Technology & Industry, Transport & ICT, Uncategorized, Urbanization & Household, Water Resources on March 22, 2015 by farideldaoushy.


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The New York Public Library Is Honoring Its Most Borrowed Book
Share Your Best IPhone Night Mode Photos And They Could Appear In Apple Ad Campaigns
It's The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year: Premiere Dates For Hallmark's 2017 Christmas Movies Are Here!
If you can start sipping pumpkin spice lattes as early as August, then you can start prepping for Christmas in October, right? The Hallmark Channel certainly thinks so! The Christmas movie marathons are starting before Halloween even officially arrives, so we may as well embrace. Better snuggle up on the couch with some cocoa and cookies and let the spirit of Christmas officially sink in!
You can see the full list of Christmas movie premiere dates on the Hallmark Channel website now, and trust us, there's a lot to look forward to.
The festivities officially kick off on Oct. 22 with a "Countdown To Christmas Preview Show" hosted by "Fuller House" stars Candace Cameron Bure, Lori Loughlin and Jodie Sweetin.
Then the Christmas movies will officially begin airing on Oct. 28. The first flick to get you in the mood for Christmas is called "Marry Me At Christmas" and stars Rachel Skarsten and Trevor Donovan.
It's got everything we've come to hope for in a Hallmark Christmas movie! Here's how the Hallmark channel describes the film:
"Organizing a Christmas wedding is a true treat for bridal boutique owner Madeline Krug. She loves the challenge of finding the perfect dress for the bride and orchestrating an exquisite event. What Madeline didn't expect was to be swept off her feet by the bride's gorgeous brother, movie star Jonny Blaze. Jonny came to the quirky town of Fool's Gold to support his sister — not to fall in love. Yet Madeline is the most extraordinary woman he's ever met. Planning the perfect wedding leads to candlelit dinners and strolls through snow-covered streets. Madeline finds the real Jonny even more captivating than her celebrity crush. Will the action star be brave enough to take on the role of a lifetime?"
And that's only the beginning of what Hallmark has to offer this season. So, who's ready to watch?
See the full schedule of premiere dates and times for all 21 brand-new movies listed below:
Marry Me At Christmas: Oct. 28, 8/7c
Christmas Festival Of Ice: Nov. 4, 8/7c
Miss Christmas: Nov. 5, 8/7c
The Sweetest Christmas: Nov. 11, 8/7c
Enchanted Christmas: Nov. 12, 8/7c
Coming Home For Christmas: Nov. 18, 8/7c
A Gift To Remember: Nov 19, 8/7c
Secretly Santa: Nov. 22, 8/7c
The Mistletoe Inn: Nov. 23, 8/7c
Finding Santa: Nov. 24, 8/7c
The Christmas Train: Nov. 25, 8/7c
Switched For Christmas: Nov. 26, 8/7c
Christmas In Evergreen: Dec. 2, 8/7c
Christmas At Holly Lodge: Dec. 3, 8/7c
Christmas Encore: Dec. 9, 8/7c
Christmas Shop: Dec. 10, 8/7c
Christmas Shuttle: Dec. 16, 8/7c
Father Christmas: Dec. 17, 8/7c
Christmas Getaway: Dec. 23, 8/7c
When Calls The Heart: The Christmas Wishing Tree: Dec. 25, 8/7c
New Year's Gala: Dec. 30, 8/7c
The official Hallmark Countdown To Christmas has us at 73 days until Dec. 25. It's a good thing you have all these movies to help you make it though!
Tags:Christmaschristmas moviecountdown to ChristmasFilmHallmarkHallmark Christmas movieholidaymovies
A new law could send parents to jail if their kids bully other children
Easy ways to stop iOS 11 from draining your iPhone battery


Zambia is all hills with long grass and trees stretching out for as far as you can see. The people are friendly and polite, and the constant " how are you" from the kids is never tiresome because it is rarely followed by a request for money and almost always by smiles and giggles. They just love to say hello to a Muzungu and it's always nice to say hello back.
Despite people being everywhere, finding a place that has a meal is tricky as most tiny villages only have shops selling soft drinks and biscuits. And when you do find food, it's usually Shima ( corn pulp) with some meat.
And the cycling is just plain tough. It's 570km of relentless rising and falling from Chipata to Lusaka . So a day over 100km is a very big day of cycling and quite exhausting. The other challenge is finding somewhere to stay each night. But that's also part of the fun.
The first night after leaving Chipata was spent in a mosque in a small village 10km past Katete. The chief's name was Robert. We had to be taken to him to ask to camp, but he said it was fine. And very safe. We asked to camp behind the mosque but the leader of the mosque opened a room inside where it was warm and we didn't have to worry about rain. A toilet outside and even a kitchen area. Quite amazing.
Earlier in the day I had needed some roadside help as the new parts were already causing problems. The wheel stopped turning. It was a sign that all was not so good with the new parts that had been fitted.
The next day I got some entertainment when a drunk man pestered Alex begging him for money to buy Chibuku. Alex put up with the guy all through his meal until he got on his bike to leave and pretended to wave some money and got the drunk man to chase him down the road. The villagers all laughed their heads off.
That night we found a guesthouse in a small village 20km before Nyimba. The owner, a Mr. K.P. Lunga, was very proud of his toilet even though to reach the toilet you have to cross a courtyard, open a gate, cross a lane, open another gate before reaching the small outhouse. "It's very deep!" He told us with pride. We were glad for that. Nobody likes a shallow poop-pit.
That night we ate Shima (maize) with chicken and I tried the Chibuku, or "shake shake". It's the local brew which comes in litre cartons. It is of course made from maize, and full of little grains, and quite disgusting. But the locals love it because for 3 kwacha (30p) you get a litre of stuff that gets you drunk.
In the morning the sun was out and we had an early start at 7am. We ate Breakfast in the tiny town of Nyimba after having to ask the normal question at the restaurant "Do you have food"? and being told "no. not ready".
The whole day I had Very bad noises from my rear hub but the wheel was spinning so it was ok.
The next night we stayed in a guesthouse at Luangwa which is at the base of the river Luangwa which stretches up Zambia (and the reason why the parks are called South Luangwa and North Luangwa).
I was happy to have sausage and chips. I hadn't eaten all day.
I was rudely awoken at 6am by noisy ladies "talking" in the room next door. It seems every conversation African women have sounds like a loud argument. And then when one started playing Celine Dion loudly on her phone, I knew it was time for me to get out of there.
Out on the road we met a South African cycling to Nairobi to raise awareness about the plight of lions in Africa. Check out walkingforlions He had a support car, and barely any weight on his bike. We were very jealous. But his friends in the car gave us mars bars and bananas. Awesome!
The day itself proved to be one of my bad days. The chain kept coming off and the wheel was not straight and was touching the frame as it span. I had no idea how to repair it. I must admit I was starting to think I would have to catch a bus again. But in a tiny village, I found a bike mechanic who removed the rear wheel, found the broken part and managed to get me back on the road again. I can't tell you how happy I was, even though we only managed to get to Rufunsa, where we camped outside a police station.
The next day, the bike was working perfectly and I managed 130km to Chongwe. I also managed to lose Alex so I had to find a place by myself to spend the night.
In Chongwe I met John, a nice guy who puts up phone poles for a living. He wants to make music though and played me a tune he had recorded. It was excellent but he needs to find a record label. He let me camp outside his tiny room because the guesthouse was so expensive. Unfortunately my campsite turned out to be a bad choice. As we sat chatting I heard a loud crash snd snapping noise behind us.
John's drunk friend Winter managed to fall face-forward flat onto my tent, breaking the poles. I wasn't pleased. The tent had survived since London but a drunk man had managed to demolish it and it wasn't me. Another friend called Abel did an amazing repair job though and it was all ok.
The final day to Lusaka was a bit flatter.
All in all, Zambia is a relentlessly hilly cycle ride, but there are nice friendly people living inbetween all the long grass and trees.
Tomorrow Alex and I are parting company again. I have been incredibly grateful to have such great company but he wants to go to Namibia so I will do the next 500km to Livingstone alone. And then to Botswana.


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Norway: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017
Topic: Labour law Migration and mobility Non-standard employment Social partners Work-life balance Working time
Bakke, Berit ; Alsos, Kristin
Amendments to the Working Environment Act on working time and whistle-blowing; the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) congress; and the start of parliamentary election campaigning are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Norway in the second quarter of 2017.
Amendments to Working Environment Act
On 1 July 2017 two amendments were made to the Working Environment Act. One was implemented to strengthen the protection of whistle-blowers in Norwegian working life, with protection extended to temporary workers (since they may also become aware of questionable circumstances in companies). Under the new legislation, companies with five or more employees are now required to prepare notification procedures for whistle-blowers and – to make it safer to notify public authorities – the confidentiality of the whistle-blowers is also strengthened.
Amendments were also made to working time regulations in the Working Environment Act. In order to facilitate a better work–life balance, employees are now allowed to split their workdays and do part of their work in the evening until 21:00 (with the agreement of their employers). This should make it easier for parents, who have to take children to and from school, to work full-time. Before the amendment, daytime work could not continue after 21:00 as this would be considered night work. All trade union confederations, except the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations (Akademikerne) opposed the measure, which was widely supported by employers. Union confederations feared the amendment would put more pressure on employees to work nights and increase the risk of extra pay for evening work being abolished (if this work were to be considered part of the normal working day).
Trade union confederation holds congress
The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO), the country's largest union confederation, held its congress in May 2017. The congress is the highest authority of the confederation and meets every fourth year to decide on its Programme of Action and on amendments to the Constitution, and to establish the LO's general course for the next four years. The congress also elect new leaders for the next term; this year LO President Gerd Elin Kristiansen stepped down and was replaced by Hans-Christian Gabrielsen.
There was some tension over the debate on Norway's relation to the EU single market, as some unions have been in favour of Norway leaving the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement and, thereby, the single market. However, the congress still supports the agreement, but asked the government to fight limitations on its powers, such as industrial action and collective bargaining. It also asked that core ILO Conventions should be given priority over other regulations and that, in Norway, domestic collective agreements and labour law should be given priority over EU law.
Upcoming elections for new parliament
The campaign for elections for a new parliament began and several working life issues have been part of the debate. Polling day is set for September 2017. The Labour Party and other opposition parties have attacked the amendments to the Working Environment Act, with Labour party leader Jonas Gahr Støre saying that Labour would reverse the liberalisation of the use of fixed-term contracts if it was elected. The Labour Party has also announced that it is in favour of giving core ILO Conventions priority over other regulations, as discussed at the LO congress, and that it wants to stop the use of zero-hour contracts by temporary work agencies. It also wants to reduce the share of temporary agency work in the construction sector. A similar initiative was taken by the current government on 28 June, when it sent a bill on restricting temporary agency work out for consultation.
Outlook for elections
So far, it is hard to say who will win the upcoming election. The result might determine how restrictive regulation becomes in seeking to address the negative effects of globalisation and labour migration on the labour market. How much regulation changes remains to be seen.
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Why is marco polo so famous
Posted on 17.07.2019 by Sighpukquifi
The Travels by Marco Polo
Marco Polo (1254-1329) has achieved an almost archetypal status as a traveller, and his Travels is one of the first great travel books of Western literature, outside the ancient world. The Travels recounts Polos journey to the eastern court of Kublai Khan, the chieftain of the Mongol empire which covered the Asian continent, but which was almost unknown to Polos contemporaries. Encompassing a twenty-four year period from 1721, Polos account details his travels in the service of the empire, from Beijing to northern India and ends with the remarkable story of Polos return voyage from the Chinese port of Amoy to the Persian Gulf. Alternately factual and fantastic, Polos prose at once reveals the medieval imaginations limits, and captures the wonder of subsequent travel writers when faced with the unfamiliar, the exotic or the unknown.
File Name: why is marco polo so famous.zip
Marco Polo Biography in English - Famous Journalist & Explorer
11 Things You May Not Know About Marco Polo
In , they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa ; Marco was imprisoned and dictated his stories to Rustichello da Pisa , a cellmate. He was released in , became a wealthy merchant , married, and had three children. He died in and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice. Though he was not the first European to reach China see Europeans in Medieval China , Marco Polo was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience.
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across Asia at the height of the Mongol Empire. He first set out at age 17 with his father and uncle, traveling overland along what later became known as the Silk Road. Upon reaching China, Marco Polo entered the court of powerful Mongol ruler Kublai Khan, who dispatched him on trips to help administer the realm. Marco Polo remained abroad for 24 years. Though not the first European to explore China�his father and uncle, among others, had already been there�he became famous for his travels thanks to a popular book he co-authored while languishing in a Genoese prison. Marco Polo was born around into a prosperous merchant family in the Italian city-state of Venice.
In , three years after he returned from his journey, Polo was captured after leading a Venetian galley into battle against the rival Italian city-state of Genoa. While in prison he encountered Rustichello of Pisa, a fellow captive who was known as a talented writer of romances. Eager to document his years as a traveler, Polo dictated his life story to Rustichello, who acted as a kind of ghostwriter. By the time of their release in , the two men had completed the book that would make Marco Polo a household name. Marco Polo may be the most storied Far East traveler, but he certainly was not the first. Other Catholic emissaries would later follow, including William of Rubruck, who traveled east in the s on a quest to convert the Mongols to Christianity. These early missionaries were largely inspired by the myth of Prester John, a legendary king who was believed to rule over a Christian empire in the East.
How Marco Polo Changed the World!
He inspired future travelers, including Christopher Columbus. Born presumably in the Republic of Venice around , Marco Polo played an important role in cartography. While in Constantinople, the Polos foresaw a political shift in and headed for the Volga River, reaching the court of Berke Khan, the sovereign of the western territories of the Mongol Empire. These skillful merchants doubled their assets while in Bolghar and also became friends with Kublai Khan, the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Marco Polo only met his father and uncle in , when the Polo brothers returned to Venice. After the death of his mother, Marco was raised by his aunt and received education in trade-related subjects such as foreign currency and managing cargo ships. In , the Polo family decided to embark on a long, adventurous journey in Asia, travelling around 15, miles and passing through China, Japan and India.
Marco Polo was an inmate in the Genoese prison at the Palazzo di San Giorgio from to , arrested for commanding a Venetian galley in a war against Genoa. While there, he told tales of his travels through Asia to his fellow prisoners and the guards alike, and his cellmate Rustichello da Pisa wrote them down. Once the two were released from prison, copies of the manuscript, titled The Travels of Marco Polo , captivated Europe. Polo told tales of fabulous Asian courts, black stones that would catch on fire coal , and Chinese money made out of paper. Ever since people have debated the question: Did Marco Polo really go to China , and see all of the things he claims to have seen?
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4 thoughts on "The Travels by Marco Polo"
Yvonne E. on 22.07.2019 at 22:40 said:
Where is rex grossman playing everything wrong with hitchhikers guide to the galaxy
Christina C. on 24.07.2019 at 10:35 said:
The travels of Marco Polo from Venice to Asia opened up a whole new The Polo brothers went as far as China, then called Cathay, during.
Punchrodipa on 27.07.2019 at 14:23 said:
Who Was Marco Polo?
Victor M. on 24.07.2019 at 08:49 said:
Marco Polo () was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed traveling overland along what later became known as the Silk Road. had already been there�he became famous for his travels thanks to a.


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Tag: Iran
Iran FM, Canadian PM Meet in Munich
Sunday, February 16, 2020 , posted in discurs, news,
Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has met with Justin Trudeau, the prime minister of Canada, in the German city of Munich.
The meeting was held on Friday on the sidelines of the annual Munich Security Conference.
Following the meeting with Prime Minister Trudeau, Zarif also met his Canadian counterpart François-Philippe Champagne.
The talks between Iran and Canada come a few weeks after the accidental downing of a Ukrainian passenger plane in Tehran, which killed all the 176 on board, including dozens of Iranian-Canadian citizens.
Following the tragic incident, Ottawa has been in touch with Tehran despite the Canadian government's decision to sever ties with Iran in 2012.
Canada and Iran have had no formal diplomatic relations since then. Canadian consular and passport services are provided through other Canadian diplomatic missions in other countries in the Middle East while Iran maintains an interests section at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington, D.C.
The government headed by PM Trudeau which took office in 2015, has reportedly been reviewing relations with Iran and, like most countries, lifted most of its economic sanctions following the Iran nuclear agreement in July 2015. But Donald Trump's re-imposition of Iran sanctions in 2018 has once again reduced the chances for a thaw in relations.
Tagged Iran, Canada, PS752 Leave a comment
Husband of Iran plane crash victim seeks answers, justice from investigation
Thursday, February 6, 2020 , posted in discurs, news,
The husband of one of the victims who died when a Ukrainian jetliner was shot down by the Iranian military last month wants the people he says ordered his wife's death to be charged and tried at the International Criminal Court.
Hassan Shadkhoo has been barely able to sleep since his wife, Sheyda, was killed along with 175 others when her plane crashed minutes after take off from Tehran on Jan. 8. Several days later, Iran admitted its military mistook the passenger jet for hostile aircraft amid tensions with the United States.
Sheyda Shadkhoo was 41 when she died, returning to Canada after visiting her mother in Iran. She worked as a chemist at a firm in Markham, Ont., that tests products to ensure they meet government standards.
Hassan Shadkhoo spent two weeks in Iran after the crash, where he buried his wife next to her father at her family's request. He was already at the airport in Istanbul on when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Canada had intelligence the plane was brought down by a missile.
Shadkhoo began sobbing as he heard and immediately said it was not an accident, something he still believes today.
He said he had no nerves flying in and out of the same airport because dying was not one of his concerns.
"At this point I have nothing to lose," he said in an interview with The Canadian Press, shortly after he returned to Canada.
He does have a lot of questions and a lot of anger.
He said he wants it made clear he is speaking out on his own behalf, not "for my beloved Sheyda" or her family, who live in Iran.
Shadkhoo said the Iranian regime is criminal, but he says he puts the full blame for what happened on the United States. He also doesn't believe anyone in the Iranian military accidentally mistook a civilian plane for anything else.
Shadkhoo said the Canadian government and the Italian embassy in Tehran were very helpful and supportive while he was in Iran. Canada hasn't had a diplomatic presence in Iran since 2012, and the Italians help Canada provide consular assistance to Canadians there when needed.
But now he wants Trudeau to condemn the crash as an act of terrorism and vow to prosecute those responsible at the International Criminal Court.
"Will the prime minister of Canada vow to do this no matter who the perpetrators are," he said.
The plane was shot down hours after Iran fired missiles at an Iraqi military base hosting American soldiers, in retaliation for the U.S. decision to kill top Iranian general Qassem Soleimani on Jan. 3.
Shadkhoo says he wants a thorough investigation into the possibility the plane was targeted deliberately.
The Ukraine International Airlines flight 752 was en route from Tehran to Kyiv, with 57 Canadian citizens on board, along with 82 Iranians, 11 Ukrainians and others from the United Kingdom, Sweden and Afghanistan. In all 138 of the passengers were to eventually headed to Toronto, many of them students and professors returning following the school break.
Canada has been invited by Iran to participate to some extent in the investigation which thus far is moving very slowly.
Transport Minister Marc Garneau expressed frustration Tuesday that Iran still has not released the black boxes for analysis. The flight data and cockpit voice recorders were damaged in the explosion and Iran doesn't have the technology needed to get at the valuable data. France does and has offered to help but Iran hasn't yet done anything about that.
The investigation hit a snag this week when a recording between a pilot and the air traffic control tower at the Tehran airport was leaked to Ukrainian media. The recording clearly has a pilot of another plane that was about to land reporting seeing a missile explosion nearby.
As a result of the leaked information, Iran ended co-operation with Ukraine on the investigation.
Mia Rabson
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Two injured after Iran passenger plane lands on runway
Tuesday, January 28, 2020 , posted in discurs, news,
An aging Iranian passenger airliner carrying 144 people crash-landed on a runway and skidded onto a major highway next to an airport Monday, the latest crash in the Islamic Republic as U.S. sanctions bar it from parts or new aircraft.
Authorities said two people suffered injuries in the hard landing of the McDonnell Douglas MD-83 flown by Caspian Airlines in Mahshahr, a city in Iran's oil-rich southwestern Khuzestan province.
Passengers, apparently in shock, calmly exited the aircraft with their carry-on baggage out of a door near the cockpit and another over the plane's wing, video from Iran's Civil Aviation Network News showed. A flight attendant shouted at passengers to calmly walk away as another crew member joined her on the wing.
Provincial airport director Mohammad Reza Rezanian said all of the passengers had been safely taken off the plane, which had been flying a route from the Iranian capital, Tehran, some 610 kilometers (380 miles) northeast of Mahshahr. The plane carried 136 passengers and eight crew members, authorities said.
It seems that tragedy was narrowly avoided, however, as images from the scene showed the plane had ground to a halt not far from a populated area. The plane also missed traffic on a major highway linking Mahshahr to Imam Khomeini Port.
Iranian state television said the plane involved in Monday's crash-landing came in harder than usual and lost its landing gear as it hit the tarmac.
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The victims of Ukraine Flight PS752
Wednesday, January 15, 2020 , posted in discurs, articles,
A Ukrainian Boeing 737-800 crashed shortly after take-off in Iran on Wednesday, killing all 176 people on board.
In total, 82 Iranians and 63 Canadians were on board the Kyiv-bound Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) Flight PS752, Ukraine's Foreign Minister Vadym Prystaiko said.
There were also 11 victims - including nine crew members - from Ukraine, four Afghans, four Britons and three Germans.
Iran's head of emergency operations said 147 of the victims were Iranian, which suggests many of the foreign nationals held dual nationality.
A list of passengers was released by the airline, but the BBC is awaiting confirmation from people known to the victims.
Canada 'shocked and saddened'
The majority of the passengers on the flight were headed for Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau confirmed. Out of the 176 victims, 138 had listed Canada as their final destination.
Of them, 57 of them carried a Canadian passport, but many others were foreign students, permanent residents or visitors.
Initially, the number of Canadian victims was given as 63.
A number of the passengers on board the plane were reportedly students and university staff from Canada returning at the end of the holidays.
The tragedy was a national one, touching many communities across the country.
Ardalan Ebnoddin Hamidi, Niloofar Razzaghi and their teenage son Kamyar, a family of three from Vancouver were returning from Iran where they had taken a short vacation and were confirmed to have been on the flight.
The University of British Columbia said it is mourning the loss of Mehran Abtahi, a postdoctoral research fellow, and sibling alumnus Zeynab Asadi Lari and Mohammad Asadi Lari.
"She was full of dreams, and now they're gone," Elnaz Morshedi told the BBC of her friend Zeynab Asadi Lari, who was studying health sciences.
Her brother Mohammmad was the co-founder of STEM fellowship, a youth-run charity that helps students in maths and sciences.
Other victims from the west coast province include Delaram Dadashnejad, an international student studying nutrition at a college in Vancouver, and couple Naser Pourshaban Oshibi and Firouzeh Madani.
The University of Alberta confirmed that 10 members of the institution's community were killed in the tragedy.
Pedram Mousavi and Mojgan Daneshmand, a married couple who taught engineering at the University of Alberta, were killed in the crash, along with their two daughters, Daria, 14, and Dorina, 9.
Arash Pourzarabi, 26,and Pouneh Gourji, 25, were graduate students in computer science at the university, and had gone to Iran for their wedding.
Other students who died included Elnaz Nabiyi, Nasim Rahmanifar, and Amir Saeedinia, as well as alumnus Mohammad Mahdi Elyasi, who studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 2017.
Obstetrician Shekoufeh Choupannejad, her daughter Saba Saadat, who was studying medicine at the university, and Sara, who had recently graduated, were also among those on the flight
The "community is reeling from this loss," said university president David Turpin on Thursday.
Also from the province of Alberta was Kasra Saati, an aircraft mechanic formerly with Viking Air, the CBC confirmed.
Victims from Winnipeg included Forough Khadem, described "as a promising scientist and a dear friend," by her colleague E Eftekharpour.
Graduate student Amirhossein Ghassemi was studying biomedical engineering.
"I can't use past tense. I think he's coming back. We play again. We talk again. It's too difficult to use past tense, too difficult. No one can believe it," his friend Amir Shirzadi told CTV News.
Amirhossein Bahabadi Ghorbani, 21, was studying science at the University of Manitoba and hoped to become a doctor, his roommate told the CBC.
CBC also confirmed that a family of three from that city - Mohammad Mahdi Sadeghi, his wife, Bahareh Hajesfandiari, and their daughter, Anisa Sadeghi, were travelling together on the flight.
Farzaneh Naderi, a customer service manager at Walmart, and her 11-year-old son Noojan Sadr were also killed.
Many of the victims were returning to their homes in Toronto and other nearby cities in the province of Ontario.
They included Ghanimat Azhdari - a PhD student at the University of Guelph, Ontario. She specialised in promoting the rights of indigenous groups and her research group described her as "cherished and loved".
Toronto resident Alina Tarbhai was also among the victims, her employer, the Ontario Secondary School Teacher's Federation (OSSTF), told the BBC. Her mother Afifa Tarbhai was also on board.
The University of Windsor, Ontario, confirmed five people from their school had died on the plane. PhD student Hamid Kokab Setareh and his wife Samira Bashiri, who was also a researcher at the school, were among those killed.
Omid Arsalani told CBC that his sister Evin Arsalani, 30, had travelled to Iran to attend a wedding with her husband, Hiva Molani, 38, and their one-year-old daughter Kurdia. All three were killed in the crash.
The University of Toronto confirmed the loss of students Mojtaba Abbasnezhad, Mohammad Amin Beiruti, and Mohammad Amin Jebelli, and Mohammad Salehe.
Seyed Hossein Mortazavi, a childhood friend of Mohammad Salehe, said he was a bit reserved and shy but a brilliant computer programmer whose talent was widely recognised.
McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario confirmed the loss of PhD students Iman Aghabali and Mehdi Eshaghian, as well as of former postdoctoral researcher Siavash Maghsoudlou Estarabadi.
The CBC confirmed that Mahdieh Ghassemi and her two children Arsan Niazi and Arnica Niazi, were on the flight.
Tirgan, an Iranian cultural charity, said "it is with a heavy heart that we bid farewell" to some volunteers with their organisation, including couple Parinaz and Iman Ghaderpanah.
The organisation said it was joining in mourning with another volunteer, Hamed Esmaeilion, who lost his wife Parisa Eghbalian, and their daughter Reera Esmaeilion.
Western University said it was mourning four international students: Ghazal Nourian, Milad Nahavandi, Hadis Hayatdavoudi, Sajedeh Saraeian.
The University of Waterloo shared the news "with heavy hearts" that their community had lost two PhD students Marzieh (Mari) Foroutan and Mansour Esnaashary Esfahani.
Engineer Siavash Ghafouri-Azar was returning home with his new wife, Sara Mamani, when the plane crashed. The couple had just bought their first home near the Canadian city of Montreal.
His uncle, Reza Ghafouri-Azar, told the BBC "I cannot come up with words for my kind, dedicated nephew."
"He has been a very positive and passionate from childhood until his soul's departure from his body. Rest in peace my dearest side by your beloved wife," he said.
Mr Ghafouri-Azar is a professor of engineering in Toronto, and he introduced his nephew to Ali Dolatabadi, an engineering professor at Concordia University who would become Siavash's thesis supervisor.
"It is a great loss," Mr Dolatabadi told the BBC. "He was very intelligent, a gentleman. He had a kind and a gentle soul." He said his wife Sarah Mamani was "very kind, very polite". The couple were looking forward to throwing a housewarming party in the New Year.
Armin Morattab was worried when his twin Arvin Morattab, called him from the airport in Tehran, amid reports that Iran had fired missiles at US targets in Iraq.
"He said he was coming back home soon," Mr Morattab told the Montreal Gazette.
Arvin Morattab and his wife Aida Farzaneh were both killed.
The Gazette also confirmed that Mohammad Moeini, from Quebec, was also killed.
Global News confirmed that five of the victims have ties to Nova Scotia, a province on Canada's east coast.
Dalhousie University student Masoumeh Ghavi, her sister, Mandieh Ghavi, were both killed, as was local dentist Dr. Sharieh Faghihi, and two graduate students at St Mary's University, Maryam Malek and Fatemeh Mahmoodi.
Ali Nafarieh, a professor at Dalhousie and president of the Iranian Cultural Association of Nova Scotia, employed Masoumeh Ghavi part-time at his IT company. He says she was one of the university's "top students".
"I remember she has always a smile on her face. What she brought in our company in addition to skills and knowledge and experience was her energy. She changed the atmosphere over there. We'll miss her a lot," he told CTV News.
Iran victims
We have no information on the 82 Iranian nationals who died.
Tributes to British victims
Four British nationals were among the victims.
Three have been named as Mohammed Reza Kadkhoda Zadeh, who owned a dry cleaners in West Sussex, BP engineer Sam Zokaei from Twickenham, and and PhD student and engineer Saeed Tahmasebi, who lived in Dartford.
Last year, Mr Tahmasebi married his Iranian partner, Niloufar Ebrahim, who was also listed as a passenger on the plane.
Swedish children feared dead
Ten Swedish nationals died in the crash. Many of them are believed to have also had Iranian citizenship.
Swedish media report that several children were among the victims.
Sweden's foreign ministry confirmed that Swedes were among those killed. It provided no further details.
Ukrainian airline crew
Nine of the 11 Ukrainian nationals killed were staff at Ukraine International Airlines (UIA).
Valeriia Ovcharuk, 28, and Mariia Mykytiuk, 24, were among the flight attendants who died.
On their social media accounts, which are now being filled with tributes, they frequently shared photographs from their travels.
Valeria posted just two weeks ago from a hotel in Bangkok with the caption: "Work, I love you."
Ihor Matkov, was flight PS752's chief attendant. The other three flight attendants were named by the airline as Kateryna Statnik, Yuliia Solohub and Denys Lykhno.
Three pilots were on board at the time of the accident: Captain Volodymyr Gaponenko, First Officer Serhii Khomenko and instructor Oleksiy Naumkin.
All three had between 7,600 and 12,000 hours experience flying a 737 aircraft, according to the airline.
A former UIA pilot said he had flown together with each of the three pilots. Writing on Facebook, Yuri, who wanted to be known only by his first name, described them as "great pilots".
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Boeing faces more trouble after crash of a Ukrainian 737 jet in Iran
Thursday, January 9, 2020 , posted in discurs, news,
Another tragic airline crash Wednesday could cause more problems for Boeing.
A three-year old Boeing 737-800 jet operated by Ukraine International Airlines crashed soon after takeoff from Tehran's international airport early Wednesday, killing all 176 people on board.
Iranian aviation authorities have begun an investigation. An early report from Iran's semi-official news agency ISNA blamed some kind of engine failure. But Ukrainian officials say it's too early to determine the cause, and Ukraine's embassy in Iran retracted a statement that also attributed the crash to an engine malfunction.
The 737-800 is not the 737 Max, which has gotten so much attention since two fatal crashes caused the grounding of the jet worldwide in March of 2018. All those planes remain grounded.
But the 800 version of the jet, also known as a 737 Next Generation or NG, has had its own problems. Boeing has delivered about 6,700 of these jets to airlines around the world.
In April 2018, parts of the engine on a Southwest Airlines (LUV) flight hit the side of the plane and shattered a window after a fan blade broke. The cabin depressurized and the woman sitting next to the window was killed.
In November 2019, the US National Transportation Safety Board recommended that Boeing redesign the outer covering of the planes' engines to prevent it from flying into the plane should a fan blade break on a future flight. It said that all Boeing 737 Next Generation series airplanes should be retrofitted with whatever fix Boeing comes up with.
Boeing said in November it is working on a fix for the jet covers.
But the 737 NG has other problems. Cracks have been discovered on structural supports that hold the wings in place, and several dozen have been grounded as a result. But while the FAA has ordered inspections, most of the 737 NGs have continued to fly.
Boeing's (BA) stock was down 1% in premarket trading following the crash, though shares recovered some of their earlier losses.
The company issued a statement Wednesday expressing condolences for the latest crash.
"This is a tragic event and our heartfelt thoughts are with the crew, passengers, and their families. We are in contact with our airline customer and stand by them in this difficult time. We are ready to assist in any way needed," said Boeing's statement.
The investigation will be made more difficult by where the crash took place, just outside Tehran, in the midst of rising tensions between Iran and the United States.
Iran says it will not hand over the black boxes from the Ukrainian Airlines Boeing 737 to American authorities. Speaking to Iran's semiofficial Mehr news agency, the head of Iran's Civil Aviation Authority, Ali Abedzadeh said that the black boxes would be analyzed in the country where the accident took place, in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization rules. He also said Ukrainian investigators would be a part of the process.
"We will not give the black box to the manufacturer [Boeing] or America," he said.
Tensions between the United States and Iran have escalated after the recent US strike that killed Iranian military commander Qasem Soleimani. Iran fired missiles late Tuesday at two Iranian bases in Iraq where American military personnel are located. Initial reports indicated there were no fatalities from that attack, which occurred just hours before the plane crash.
By Chris Isidore
Tagged Iran, 752, Plane crash, Boeing 737-800 Leave a comment
Iran military plane crashes near dormant volcano
Wednesday, December 25, 2019 , posted in discurs, news
An Iranian military fighter jet crashed on Wednesday, December 25, near a dormant volcano in the northwest of the country, official media reported.
State news agency IRNA said the jet went down at 9:00 am (0530 GMT) near Mount Sabalan, in the Lesser Caucasus range, and was a MiG-29 on a test flight after being overhauled.
Amateur video footage published on the social media accounts of various media outlets in Iran appeared to show smoke rising above snow-capped peaks.
A search and rescue operation was launched for the plane and its crew.
"Following the crash of a military plane in Ardabil (province), helicopter and rescue groups have been sent to the region," Iran's Red Crescent said in a statement on its website.
Iran's third-highest peak, Mount Sabalan, features a crater that turns into a lake at certain times of the year.
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U.S. warship downs Iranian passenger jet
Wednesday, July 3, 2019 , posted in articles,
On July 3, 1988 in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy cruiser Vincennes shoots down an Iranian passenger jet that it mistakes for a hostile Iranian fighter aircraft. Two missiles were fired from the American warship–the aircraft was hit, and all 290 people aboard were killed. The attack came near the end of the Iran-Iraq War, when U.S. vessels were in the gulf defending Kuwaiti oil tankers. Minutes before Iran Air Flight 655 was shot down, the Vincennes had engaged Iranian gunboats that shot at its helicopter.
Iran called the downing of the aircraft a "barbaric massacre," but U.S. officials defended the action, claiming that the aircraft was outside the commercial jet flight corridor, flying at only 7,800 feet, and was on a descent toward the Vincennes. However, one month later, U.S. authorities acknowledged that the airbus was in the commercial flight corridor, flying at 12,000 feet, and not descending. The U.S. Navy report blamed crew error caused by psychological stress on men who were in combat for the first time. In 1996, the U.S. agreed to pay $62 million in damages to the families of the Iranians killed in the attack.
Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-warship-downs-iranian-passenger-jet
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You'll occasionally see a news story where someone has sadly been affected by sepsis and died. It can strike so quickly, especially as the signs can creep up without warning and go unrecognised before it's too late. The same problem can affect animals, and in the same way, so all cases need to be carefully evaluated and quickly treated.
Animals suffering from septic shock can develop severe cardiovascular abnormalities, multiple organ failure, and eventually death in no time at all. Aggressive fluid therapy on its own may not be enough, and additional treatments to support the failing circulatory system may be required. You'll also need to direct your treatment at controlling the infection and protecting vital organs. Unfortunately, despite aggressive treatments, mortality rates can be very high, with anything between 20 and 60% of animals dying.
It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to be on your toes and identify these cases as early as possible. You've probably got less that 6 hours to start treatment. This is achieved from a combination of a detailed history and clinical examination. Look for any signs involving all the organ systems, especially those frequently affected with infections.
A significant number of bacterial organisms are resistant to some of the more commonly used veterinary antibiotics. For example, E. coli is frequently resistant to fluoroquinolones. For this reason, always take samples prior to starting treatment and perform culture with identification and sensitivity testing.
Hypertonic crystalloids – such as hypertonic saline 7.2%. This is generally used for its cardiovascular benefits.
Isotonic crystalloids – for example lactated Ringer's solution.
Fluid and administration rates for hypovolemic and hypotensive patients can vary. A common approach is to give ¼ to 1/3 of the calculated volume, and then reassess the patient. The aim of treatment is to gain control of the circulatory system and achieve stability.
Inotropic drugs – these are agents given to increase myocardial contractility. Dobutamine is widely used as a first-line agent to increase cardiac output in septic shock.
Vasopressors – these are administered to increase vascular tone. Norepinephrine is often used as a primary vasopressor.
If a focus of infection is suspected, it's critical to find the site and deal with the problem. A pyometra, abscess, bladder or kidney infection needs to be located and treated.
MRSA is prevalent these days, and none of us should be complacent. Avoid spreading resistant infections by maintaining ultimate hygiene.
Throughout the whole treatment plan, don't become complacent. Keep on top of all the vitals by measuring and recording everything. This way all clinicians involved will be aware of even slight changes in overall health.
This is indicated for any patient with evidence of hypoxemia.