Rutherford County Director of Schools Bill Spurlock answers sports-related questions involving his new role.
Rutherford County Schools Director Bill Spurlock has a big sports background, dating back to his football coaching days in the 1980s.
The former Oakland High principal understandably will bring some of that background into his new position as he begins his first year after taking over for the retired Don Odom.
"I think being a coach, it makes you organized, obviously," said Spurlock. "You look at the big picture, not just the small picture. A lot of time we get caught up in what we do, and not our part as it makes up a whole. It helped me along the way, with some visions I'd like to accomplish. It taught me a lot of discipline too."
Spurlock sat down with Daily News Journal reporter Cecil Joyce and answered some sports-related questions about his new position as the 2018-19 school year approaches.
Besides the obvious magnitude of running an entire county, how different will this role be than your previous one as OHS principal? What are the similarities?
Spurlock: The similarities are you're a servant to those constituents you work for. That would be my students, about 45,000 of those students, my teachers and administrators. In that way my role is similar, but it's a lot larger. There are a lot more components that make up the director of schools. As I stated in my interview, I'm very fortunate that I have some talented people in important roles that help some of these things that make this a little bit larger of a job than I previously had at Oakland.
You've been heavily involved in sports your entire career. How will that sports-mindedness trickle into your role as director of schools?
Spurlock: Being a coach and being involved in programs, it gives you a good understanding of how things work. It gives you a good perspective on how it takes more than one to accomplish a goal.
For years, Oakland High School was your baby. In your new role, all county schools fall into that category. How do you distance your allegiance to the Patriots, or is that even possible?
Spurlock: You never forget where you came from. But, at the same time, I worked at Riverdale, I'm a Smyrna High School alum. I love Eagleville. I'm very impressed at what goes on at Siegel High School…Stewarts Creek High School…all the schools. I'm just naming a few. I'll be honest, I'll be very excited and I'm already booked for the second (football) game of the season. I get to go to Eagleville. I've always wanted to go to Eagleville and see the environment I've always heard about. They'll be recognizing someone who I feel very fond of, and that's (retiring educator) Ben Cates. I'm going to get to enjoy that atmosphere. I love the beginning of the football season, but this is going to be very special.
Do you plan on attending area sporting events on a consistent basis?
Spurlock: Absolutely. I believe it's very important to get out, and I know all of our directors of schools prior to me got out to the schools, and my plan is to hit as many sporting events as I possibly can.
One of the popular topics around the area is the desire for artificial turf football fields. Is the possibility of county schools getting help from RCS to do this a possibility in the not-too-distant future?
Spurlock: I'll be honest, I'd be hesitant to say that it's not an opportunity, but it's not currently. One of the things I will say is that as one of the fastest growing counties in Tennessee (currently the fourth-largest district), it's difficult to keep up with our growth. Our funding body has done a fantastic job with assisting us and funding what we need. It would be very challenging for us to go forward and request the amount of money it would take to put fields in place. Now, would they pay for themselves in time? Absolutely. But the cost up front at this time would not be feasible.
Have you spoken to (RCS athletic director Tim Tackett) about any new ideas or plans for county athletics?
Spurlock: Actually, Mr. Tackett, along with some other coaches around the county, have started the Williamson County-Rutherford County Jamboree, which starts this year. It wasn't on my part. It's a great opportunity for two great counties who have great academics and great athletics. It will give a great opportunity for both sides to come out and watch a football game and see some great athletes competing against one another.
I'm open to a lot of different things. There's been discussion with me to having some kind of classic in the future with some of those Williamson County teams. A Kickoff Classic. It would be win-win with both communities. It's a discussion of where and how and when. But I think it would be a great thing. Get the communities energized. We'll see what occurs.
How do you believe the opening of the new Rockvale High School will affect athletics in the county?
Spurlock: We've opened up Stewarts Creek. I was around when they opened up Blackman. I remembered La Vergne and Smyrna. It does thin it somewhat. But we're getting to the point, with the increased population, it's no different than anything else. The more you increase enrollment, the more athletes you're going to get. I look forward to Rockvale opening up. It's a great community. They love their athletics out there.


If you are looking to call Lincoln home, you are not alone. Listed as the fastest growing city between the years 2000 and 2010, the population jumped from 11,205 to 42,819. The suburbs of Sacramento are a great place to be, and Lincoln real estate is a great investment. Located approximately 30 miles northeast of Sacramento, Lincoln homes offer a great suburban lifestyle in close proximity to Sacramento and the many other suburbs that dot the northern California landscape in this area. Lincoln initiated a strategic plan in 2002 to really make this town boom. It worked very well and has managed to keep its small town charm while growing to include many new housing developments, office buildings, and shopping centers.
Enjoy the beautiful location of Lincoln homes at the base of the Sierra foothills. Enjoy close proximity to California's capital as well as an easy drive to Reno or San Francisco. Lincoln boasts a regional airport, great schools and golf courses, and a community that truly cares with many volunteer opportunities and community events. A new library is in the works and Lincoln real estate owners are sure not to miss the annual Fourth of July and Christmas parades, Farmer's Markets, Chamber Open For Business Golf Tournament, Shopper's Expo, and Lincoln Showcase. The whole family will enjoy life in Lincoln.
Listing courtesy of Excel Realty.


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John McKenzie is a highly experienced photographer with a loyal clientele, combining an eye for an arresting image with an in-depth knowledge of print production, colour management and graphic design.
John began his career in '79 on archaeological digs as a photographer and draughtsman. After a period studying photography at Napier College he moved to New Zealand where he spent 6 years working in the print trade, learning colour management and print production skills that have proved invaluable. On his return to the UK John has worked exclusively as a photographer and has built up a considerable client list including Christie's, Lyon & Turnbull, Bonhams, The National Galleries of Scotland, The Fine Art Society, Standard Life, and Vogue, and has seen work published in a huge array of national and international titles.
John can provide an end-to-end service, generating creative and evocative images for clients who may not posses a huge design team or commissioning editor. Equally, John's ability to collaborate and follow directions to realize his clients' vision enables him to handle projects for clients of any size.
Aesthetically, John enjoys 'reducing complexity to its simplest elements' via innovative lighting and composition. John delivers a quality product, bringing a fresh eye and dedicated, person-centred service to your brief, be it traditional or cutting edge in style.


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Q: What are the Magic Combos in Dragon Age: Origins? One of the loading screens mentions that there are some extra strong magic combos.
So what are those combinations and what is their effect?
Are there also special combos for warrior/rogue-skills?

A: It's Spell Combinations, the wiki at the link lists exactly how to get each one.

A:
Spell Combination                                     Result

Grease + Any Fire Spell                               Grease Fire
Death Hex + Death Cloud                               Entropic Death
Glyph of Paralysis + Glyph of Replusion               Paralysis Explosion
Spell Might + Blizzard + Tempest                      Storm of the Century
Grease Fire + Blizzard                                Flame-Quencher
Force Field + Crushing Prison                         Shockwave
Vulnerability Hex + Drain Life/Mana Drain             Improved Drain
Spell Might + Animate Dead                            Advanced Reanimation
Sleep + Horror                                        Nightmare

*

*Grease Fire: Burns for 30 fire dmg/1.5sec for 20 sec, friendly fire

*Entropic Death:: Targets with Death Hex entering Death Cloud instantly suffer 200+2.0Xcaster's spellpower spirit damage

*Paralysis Explosion: All targets withing 7.5m are paralyzed for 20secXtarget rank

*Storm of the Century: Caster loses additional 100 mana, causes (30+0.3XSpellpower) electricity damage every 2 sec for 30 sec and drains Stamina equal to damage dealt, friendly fire

*Flame-Quencher: Puts out a Grease Fire

*Shockwave: Knocks down nearby targets and causes 50+0.5XSpellpower physical damage, friendly fire

*Improved Drain: Drain Life deals 100% more damage to enemy and 100% more healing to caster, while Mana Drain steals 50% more mana

*Advanced Reanimation: A skeleton minion at 0.9Xthe caster's level with additional abilities is summoned

*Nightmare: Removes Sleep, applies Horror, then causes 100+1.0XSpellpower instant spirit damage

This one's slightly different, but in the same vein:
Hit a target that is Petrified/Frozen, then get a Critical Hit or use Stone Fist/Crushing Prison and they will Shatter, which is an instant kill.
Source
In regards to your bonus question, no, there's not really an equivalent functionality with warrior/rogue talents. There are tactical synergy options, like having your melee characters hit frozen/petrified targets to one-shot them. Rogues also get a Coup de Grace talent which does additional damage against stunned/paralyzed targets, so you could send them after enemies your mage mezzes. But there are not really "combos" in the same way that the mage spells work.

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YA Author of MEANT TO BE, BEING SLOANE JACOBS, THE TROUBLE WITH DESTINY, and MY UNSCRIPTED LIFE (Random House). I write kissing books. I've seen Hamilton.
.@LaurenEMorrill: actually, that's a good way to marginalize libertarians even more. They don't care about anyone else, why care about them?
RT @LaurenEMorrill My biggest problem in these ACA debates? I don't know how to explain to you why you should care about other people.


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MULTI COLOR 4 WHITE ZIRCON 3 GREEN ZIRCON 4 RED ZIRCON 4 BLUE ZIRCON 4 LAPIS LAZULI 5 BLACK ONYX 5
Bracelets 13 Rings 10 Pendants 4 Crosses 8 Cufflinks 6
Bracelet with Cross in Bronze B382
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A wonderful chain bracelet with round black onyx in gold-plated crowns, comes to complete the men's collection Anax.A refined bracelet that adds style to your look, made with embossed details...
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Greca Bracelet with Cord B99-4
A unique men's bracelet with cord,made in sterling silver with embossed gold-plated meander pattern. Bracelet inspired by the most classic symbol of the ancient Greek period. Theinside of the Bracelet is decorated with intricate designs...
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A unique men's bracelet made in sterling silver with embossed gold-plated meander pattern. The inside of the bracelet is decorated with intricate designs.A handcuff inspired by the most classic symbol of the ancient Greek period...
Locket Bracelet with Leather B70
An exceptional sterling silver bracelet from the Anax collection, with ornate enamel touches on the top. The locket bracelet has inside the representation of Saint George. On the sides it is decorated with swords and shields, painted with black and white enamel.In Orthodox Christianity the wel..
Locket Sterling Silver Cross C187
A very detailed sterling silver cross made of embossed patterns. Inspired by Byzantine designs and has the ability to open as it has a screw...
Locket Sterling Silver Cufflinks with Enamel MA75
Cufflinks from the Anax collection, with embossed cross and touches of black and white enamel. Inside it has a relief representation of Jesus.Crosses, amulets and emblems that tell the story of the man over the years...
Masonic Cufflinks with Enamel MA8-1
A separate pair of cufflinks with the symbol of masonic, which is the ruler, the diabetes and the latin letter G. There are many interpretations of where the letter G comes from, but the most common are either from the word "God"or from the word "Geometry" The cufflinks are made of sterling sil..
Pendant with Cross M323
Pendant made of sterling silver and decorated with a gold-plated cross on top in black platinum insert, inspierd by Byzantine and medieval designs.Comes with knitted rubber and silver clasp.Enjoy the Anax men's collection, the king of kings,the warrior,the wise leader, the protector, the overthrower..


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Equitable and sustainable funding for community-based organisations in global mental health
June Larrieta
Milena Wuerth
May Aoun
Dörte Bemme
Nicole D'souza
Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda
Community-based organisations working in mental health are essential for supporting wellbeing globally, particularly in areas where other services are scarce. Such organisations are uniquely attuned to local needs, challenges, and priorities, often established and led by members of a particular community themselves. Thus, community-based organisations provide culturally relevant services and programmes within familiar environments by trusted providers, whereby community participation is central to their implementation.
Challenges of tracking funding for pandemic preparedness and response
Rebecca Katz
In this issue of The Lancet Global Health, the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Health Financing Collaborator Network aims to assess global health spending on pandemic preparedness and response.1 Detailed financial data is needed to support policy, governance, and ongoing decision making for pandemic preparedness and response. We need to know how much public health infrastructure costs in order to plan for the future. To support a mutual accountability framework, in which partners agree to be held responsible for commitments they have voluntarily made to each other, we need a way to track nations that have committed to supporting pandemic preparedness and response and how much of a commitment has already been disbursed.
AI telemedicine screening in ophthalmology: health economic considerations
Zhen Ling Teo
Daniel Shu Wei Ting
Digital technology is revolutionising health care and this transformation is evident by the increase in telemedicine, the internet of medical things, and artificial intelligence (AI) health diagnostics.1 Within ophthalmology, deep-learning models have shown excellent diagnostic performance in the screening of eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy,2,3 glaucoma,4 and cataract.5 Nonetheless, the widespread clinical implementation of these AI technologies is still hampered by barriers such as ethical and accountability concerns, administrative difficulties, and the scarcity of health economic analyses to support policy-level implementation.
Revisiting transformative WASH: measuring impact
Justin Stoler
Danice B Guzmán
Ellis A Adams
In 2019, in The Lancet Global Health, Amy J Pickering and colleagues1 called for more robust, "transformative"1 water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions after several studies from the WASH Benefits and SHINE trials in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe reported no detectable effect on children's linear growth and only modest effects on diarrhoea. The traditional (and, in retrospect, narrow) focus on diarrhoea and linear growth—which are common metrics used in the monitoring and assessment of WASH interventions—probably obscured other health benefits produced by these trials.
Tackling post-discharge mortality in children living in LMICs to reduce child deaths
Samuel Akech
Titus Kwambai
Matthew O Wiens
Arjun Chandna
James A Berkley
Robert W Snow
The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3·2 is to end preventable deaths of newborns and children younger than 5 years by 2030. However, in 2020, more than 5 million children younger than 5 years died, mostly from preventable causes, and mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (54%) and southern Asia (26%).1 As increasing numbers of children with life-threatening illnesses seek care from hospitals, the role of high-quality facility-based care becomes increasingly crucial for achieving this SDG target.
Paving the way for evidence-based population screening for type 1 diabetes
Olga Kordonouri
Thekla von dem Berge
Thomas Danne
Since the 1980s, we have been gaining knowledge about the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and found that the measurement of diabetes-associated autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein 2, and zinc transporter 8 has a central role in recognition of early stages of the disease in asymptomatic people. In the 1990s, large prospective studies were established in Finland (the Diabetes Prediction and Prevention [DIPP] study1), Germany (the BABYDIAB study2), Sweden (Diabetes Prediction in Skåne Study3), and the USA (the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young [DAISY]4) that followed up children with a high genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes from birth until diagnosis of clinical type 1 diabetes.
Newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy
Hisahide Nishio
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a serious neuromuscular disorder characterised by motor neuron degeneration.1 About 95% of cases of SMA involve homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMA has long been considered an incurable disease because of the scarcity of effective treatments. However, three new effective drugs against SMA are now available: nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam.2 These drugs give better results if treatment is started early, before symptoms appear.
RSV immunisation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Marie-Noëlle Billard
Louis Bont
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, with the highest burden in infants younger than 3 months. A birth cohort study done in five European countries between 2017 and 2021 found that 1·8% of term-born children are admitted to hospital due to RSV infection in the first year of life.1 More than half of children who required hospital admission were younger than 3 months. Until November, 2022, immunisation strategies against RSV were restricted to groups at high risk of severe outcomes; however, on Oct 31, 2022, the human monoclonal antibody nirsevimab was approved by the European Medicines Agency to protect all infants during their first RSV season.
Is there a need for graduate-level programmes in health data science? A perspective from Pakistan
Vol. 11No. 1e23Published: January, 2023
Zahra Hoodbhoy
Rumi Chunara
Akbar K Waljee
Amina AbuBakar
Zainab Samad
Historically, health care has been at the vanguard of developing and adopting evidence-based approaches to addressing complex medical problems.1 However, despite a large amount of information it produces, the health-care industry has been slow to embrace technological advances and the data revolution.2 These vast amounts of data can be used for personalised medicine, improving access, quality of care, and health equity.3 Informed decision making with high-quality data is the foundation of making health-care delivery efficient and cost-effective.
Hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat for iron-deficiency anaemia in young children
Haddy Tunkara-Bah
Anaemia is one of leading health problems among children in The Gambia.1 Previous analysis suggests that the prevalence of anaemia among children in The Gambia will increase by approximately 1·2% between 2017 and 2025.2 In The Lancet Global Health, Rita Wegmüller and colleagues3 report the results of a individually randomised, three-arm, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. The aim of the study was to test two hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat regimens designed to reduce overall iron dosage by targeting administration to periods when the children were safe and ready to receive iron supplementation.
Small airway abnormalities as a marker of early lung injury: challenges ahead
Vol. 11No. 1e8Published: January, 2023
Dan Xiao
Chen Wang
In The Lancet Global Health, Ben Knox-Brown and colleagues1 reported the prevalence and risk factors of small airways obstruction across several world regions using data from Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. Small airways obstruction was defined as either mean forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF25–75) less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) or forced expiratory volume in 3 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV3/FVC ratio) less than the LLN.
Technical meetings, conferences, and agency in global health
Girija Sankar
In an article recently published in Forbes, Madhukar Pai calls1 people like me, ie, someone who was born and grew up in a low-income and middle-income country but now live and work in a high-income country, double agents in global health. Double agency implies agency—the ability to broker and effect change. We first must define who or what confers agency in global health, and who are the gatekeepers.
Enhancing cervical and breast cancer training in Africa with e-learning
Joel Fokom Domgue
Issimouha Dille
Laura Fry
Rosine Mafoma
Celine Bouchard
David Ngom
The African continent carries a high share of the global cancer burden, with cervical and breast cancers being the main drivers of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the region.1 Although the burden of cervical cancer has drastically decreased in high-income countries in the past three decades because of the widespread implementation of screening, early detection, human papillomavirus vaccination programmes, and improvements to accessing comprehensive cancer treatment services, nearly 90% of new cases and deaths from this preventable disease are from low-income and middle-income countries, and 19 of the 20 countries with the highest incidence rates worldwide are in Africa.
The importance of conceiving human development as a complex system
Sebastián Javier Lipina
The findings of the work of Aryeh Stein and colleagues in The Lancet Global Health1 extend those of several generations of studies that have reported associations between early growth and cognitive development during different stages of the life cycle. In a study of 2614 individuals, Stein and colleagues not only found that early-life stature and childhood IQ were positively correlated, but also that adult IQ and schooling were better explained by early IQ than by early stature. In other words, these results suggest that both early cognitive development and schooling are independently important for adult IQ, and that early height would not contribute substantially to the variance of adult IQ beyond its association with these factors at early stages.
Poverty and antibiotic misuse: a complex association
Celestino Obua
Zohray Talib
Jessica E Haberer
The accidental discovery of penicillin from Penicillium mould in the early 20th century1 heralded the earliest use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections in humans. This discovery was followed by the era of extensive research and development of new antibiotics.2 Thereafter, the widespread use of antibiotics was thought to be the dominant factor in the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.3
Human papillomavirus vaccination strategies for accelerating action towards cervical cancer elimination
Anita Shet
Naor Bar-Zeev
Cervical cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women, was diagnosed in over 600 000 women worldwide in 2020. More than 90% of new cases and deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries.1 Together with the pillars of screening and treatment, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination presents a transformational opportunity to save lives, making cervical cancer a realistic target for elimination through vaccinating 90% of adolescent girls by 2030.2 Although HPV vaccine is in use in 120 countries, first-dose global vaccine coverage by age 15 years among girls stagnated at 20% in 2019, with further backsliding to 15% in 2021.
Development of accurate non-sputum-based diagnostic tests for tuberculosis: an ongoing challenge
Bianca Sossen
Graeme Meintjes
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death, admission to hospital, and inpatient mortality in adults with HIV. Progress towards ending tuberculosis mortality has been reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, with an estimated 187 000 deaths in individuals with HIV-associated tuberculosis in 2021.1 To decrease this mortality, accurate and affordable diagnostic tests that are rapid and available at, or close to, the point of care are urgently needed; these tests could ensure appropriate and timeous initiation of tuberculosis treatment in people with HIV who might have rapid clinical deterioration without treatment.
Universal health coverage is the vital link when health care is a public health good
Arian Hatefi
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in both national health systems as well as the global health governance system. As described by Arush Lal and colleagues (November, 2022),1 universal health coverage (UHC) is inextricably linked and paramount to building health system resilience.
Paediatric group A streptococcal disease in England from October to December, 2022
Vol. 7No. 2e2Published: December 22, 2022
Shamez N Ladhani
Rebecca Guy
Sunil S Bhopal
Colin S Brown
Theresa Lamagni
Ashley Sharp
Since October, 2022, England has been experiencing a national increase in group A streptococcal disease in children, including scarlet fever, pneumonia with empyema, and other invasive group A streptococcal disease presentations.1 Current seasonal rates are higher than would be expected for this time of the year when compared with disease incidence before the COVID-19 pandemic and has been associated with increased primary care consultations for pharyngitis and scarlet fever in children and adults across all English regions.
More treatment options for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: the role of economic evaluation in informing uptake
Vol. 11No. 2e183Published: December 21, 2022
Sedona Sweeney
Maninder Pal Singh
There have been substantial advances in treatment options for multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Just a few years ago, a typical patient faced months of painful injections, life-changing adverse effects, and a very small chance of cure. This year, WHO announced forthcoming updates to global guidelines including 6-month and 9-month all-oral regimens for treatment of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.1 In the context of these rapidly changing options for treating multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and persisting high costs of newer drugs such as bedaquiline, countries are facing difficult decisions about when and how to incorporate new drug regimens into national guidelines, and the economic effects of new regimens will be a key consideration in their uptake.
Rectal artesunate as pre-referral treatment for severe malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: still a long way to go
Manfred Accrombessi
Jackie Cook
Rectal artesunate for pre-referral treatment of severe malaria has been reported as an effective malaria intervention to substantially reduce the risk of death and permanent disability among children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa, by delaying the progression of disease severity as children seek to access health facilities for adequate treatment.1 However, although well accepted as an intervention,2 reported findings have raised concerns over the effectiveness of rectal artesunate in real-life conditions, which are often associated with shortcomings in terms of referral and quality of care.
Cervical cancer elimination: actions needed in the COVID-19 era
Junjie Huang
Martin C S Wong
WHO launched the global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative (CCEI) in 2020 to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer.1 The aim of the initiative is to reduce cervical cancer incidence to less than 4 cases per 100 000 women-years in every country of the world and to narrow disparities between countries. The WHO CCEI also emphasises the need for improved surveillance and continuous monitoring of cervical cancer in all countries. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor risk factors associated with cervical cancer and epidemiological trends potentially affected by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cancer screening programmes.
The Qatar FIFA World Cup 2022 and camel pageant championships increase risk of MERS-CoV transmission and global spread
Esam I Azhar
David S Hui
Brian McCloskey
Sherif A El-Kafrawy
Avinash Sharma
Markus Maeurer
Mass gatherings, such as sporting events and festivals, create ideal conditions for human-to-human transmission of a range of infectious diseases, which can rapidly spread globally due to ease of travel.1 In Qatar two mass gathering events are being held simultaneously, the FIFA World Cup 2022 championship2 and the Camel Mzayen Club's camel beauty pageant festival.3 These have attracted hundreds of thousands of people from within the Middle East and across the world. Many are attending both events, interacting closely with each other and with camels, creating ideal conditions for the transmission of camel-associated zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential.
Expanding our understanding of the global impact of physical inactivity
Vol. 11No. 1e2Published: December 5, 2022
Peter T Katzmarzyk
Physical inactivity (ie, not meeting WHO recommendations for physical activity) is a highly prevalent risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases (NCDs).1 An important metric of public health burden is health-care cost; physical inactivity cost health-care systems INT$53·8 billion worldwide in 2013.2 The scientific evidence base on the health effects and global burden of physical inactivity has expanded greatly.3–5 Despite these scientific advances, the global prevalence of physical inactivity among adults was 27·5% in 2016, an estimate that remained stable since 2001.
New WHO hepatitis B treatment guidelines: look to Ethiopia
Vol. 10No. 12e1711Published: December, 2022
Asgeir Johannessen
Lia Tadesse Gebremedhin
Hailemichael Desalegn
An estimated 296 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and nearly 1 million people die each year from its complications.1 In 2016, WHO endorsed a plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, but few countries in sub-Saharan Africa are on track to achieve this goal. HBV elimination will require improved infant vaccination coverage to reduce new infections, and universal access to HBV testing and treatment, which effectively reduces the risk of HBV-related complications and death.
Updated WHO recommendations on antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic therapy for improving preterm birth outcomes
Joshua P Vogel
Jennifer Ramson
Gary L Darmstadt
Zahida P Qureshi
Doris Chou
Rajiv Bahl
In November, 2022, WHO published updated recommendations for antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic therapy1,2 in response to new evidence about these interventions that superseded the 2015 recommendations about the same interventions.3
Effectiveness of a new vaccine for outbreak response and the increasingly complicated polio endgame
Kimberly M Thompson
Achieving the eradication of poliomyelitis remains an elusive goal. More than 6 years after the globally-coordinated cessation of all use of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV2) in routine immunisation, outbreaks caused by type 2 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV2s) continue to paralyse children and young adults around the world.1 Since mid-2016, cVDPV2s have led to over 2650 reported cases of poliomyelitis (as of Oct 4, 2022),1 with the majority (67%) in Africa.2 A recent paralytic case (with onset of paralysis on June 20, 2022) in New York made the USA the 36th addition to the list of countries with reported cVDPV2 cases since 2016.
COVID-19 and global childhood tuberculosis notifications
Sachin Atre
Anirvan Chatterjee
Maha Farhat
Globally, an estimated 1·2 million cases of tuberculosis disease each year occur in children younger than 15 years, and around 67 million children have tuberculosis infection, putting them at the risk of developing tuberculosis disease.1 Tuberculosis in childhood was historically neglected in surveillance efforts, with national tuberculosis programmes focusing primarily on cases of microscopically smear-positive tuberculosis, which is more common among older adolescents or adults. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is made challenging by low suspicion among health-care providers, reliance on sputum microscopy, which has very low sensitivity (ranging from 1–14%), children's difficulty in producing sputum, or disease with low bacillary load.
Ensuring the right to health along the life course
Juliet Nabyonga-Orem
James Avoka Asamani
The concept of health throughout the life course derives from the varied health needs at the different stages in life. Jones and colleagues1 assert that developmental and structural perspectives rooted in social disparities impact health along the life course. Thus, varied health needs should be reflected in health policies, service delivery models, and resource allocation. Relatedly, monitoring and evaluation methods need to embody a similar approach. The universal health coverage agenda that was embraced by countries engendered a holistic approach to health service provision.
Postinfectious hydrocephalus in African infants: common, under-recognised, devastating, and potentially preventable
Benjamin Curtis Warf
With an almost 200 000 estimated new cases of infant hydrocephalus annually, this disease constitutes a heavy burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.1 A 2011 analysis estimated that untreated infant hydrocephalus in these countries could result in annual economic losses of more than US$50 billion.2 Currently, the only available treatments for infant hydrocephalus require neurosurgical intervention, to which there is very poor access across Africa. This means that many, and perhaps most, of these infants are never treated, resulting in unnecessary suffering, disability, and death.
The virological consequences of low-level viraemia
Babayemi O Olakunde
Echezona E Ezeanolue
With highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV can achieve and maintain viral suppression below a detectable level, preventing transmission of HIV and AIDS-related mortality.1,2 However, persistent low-level viraemia (usually defined as plasma HIV-RNA between 50 copies per mL to below the threshold for virological failure) occurs among some people living with HIV receiving ART.3–5 Despite its occurrence, the clinical significance and management of low-level viraemia remains unclear,3,5,6 particularly with dolutegravir-based ART regimen.
Influenza vaccination in failing hearts
Zuzana Motovska
Tobias Geisler
Estimates of influenza infection show that up to 1 billion people are affected each year, with up to 5 million of affected people having a severe course of illness.1 Influenza is persistently one of the largest challenges to global health, the economy, and society.1 Major cardiovascular events are an essential contributor to influenza-associated morbidity and mortality; influenza triggers cardiovascular events, and patients with a previous major cardiovascular event have a higher risk of both a major cardiovascular event recurrence and death than patients without a previous major cardiovascular event.
Surgery is really a team sport
John E Varallo
Stephen Okelo
Stella Itungu
Lillian Mwape
Pandora Hardtman
In their Article (July, 2022),1 the GlobalSurg Collaborative and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery note that the provision of high-quality surgical care is a critical element of cancer care, and strengthening surgical services can meaningfully improve outcomes, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. However, an accompanying Comment2 by Deo Suryanarayana and Prashant Gupta singles out surgeons, stating that surgical outcomes are reliant on the experience and skills of the surgeon and the availability of ancillary support facilities.
Alarming high prevalence of non-HIV sexually transmitted infections in a rural population of Southern Uganda
Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
Karine Scheuermaier
The HIV epidemic seems to be under control in Africa thanks to an extended antiretroviral therapy programme and a combination HIV of strategies. This progress towards controlling the epidemic can be seen in the reduction of HIV incidence cases1,2 and an increasing number of countries that are close to achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target.3 In this optimistic context, however, the control of non-HIV sexually transmitted infections (STIs; including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus 2 [HSV-2]) seems to be a weakness.
Cost-effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
David C Boettiger
Tracy Kuo Lin
A single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B deoxycholate (L-AmB) given alongside 14 days of flucytosine and fluconazole offers equivalent efficacy and superior safety over the previous WHO-recommended treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (ie, 1 week of AmB plus flucytosine followed by 1 week of high-dose fluconazole).1 Despite being more expensive than the WHO-recommended regimen, the analysis conducted by David Lawrence and colleagues in The Lancet Global Health2 shows that the new regimen is a cost-effective advancement in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Seasonal targeting of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: a complementary tool but sustained funding is required
Sheetal Prakash Silal
In October 2021, WHO recommended the RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) malaria vaccine for widespread use for children living in regions with moderate to high Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission.1 The recommendation received a positive reception worldwide as, despite being both preventable and treatable, malaria continues to affect the poorest nations, hampering population health, economic growth, and social wellbeing. The vaccine itself is not a silver bullet for malaria burden, offering only a 30% reduction in severe malaria disease when implemented in routine settings.
Different is not deficient: respecting diversity in early childhood development
Vol. 6No. 12e26Published: December, 2022
Maureen M Black
Linda M Richter
Throughout the world, early childhood development lays the groundwork for adult health and wellbeing. With support and guidance from families, communities, and beyond, children acquire the skills needed to thrive, which vary across cultures and countries. Population-based estimates of children's development enable countries to track children's progress and provide additional support and guidance as needed. We agree with Scheidecker that measures of development that are based on limited sampling (ie, WEIRD [western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic]) are inappropriate.
Gabriel Scheidecker
Nandita Chaudhary
Seth Oppong
Birgitt Röttger-Rössler
Heidi Keller
An estimated 250 million children under 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are considered to be at risk of not achieving their full developmental potential because of inadequate care.1 This assessment was crucial for establishing the Nurturing Care Framework, a roadmap for improving early childhood development globally. Although the number is still based on proxy measures (stunting and poverty rates), newer research draws directly on indicators of nurturing care, provided by UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
Different is not deficient: respecting diversity in early childhood development – Authors' reply
Jonathan Seiden
Lauren Pisani
Jorge Cuartas
Marcus Waldman
Dana Charles McCoy
We were enthusiastic to read Gabriel Scheidecker and colleagues' response to our Article estimating young children's access to nurturing care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 We agree with their key message that "different is not deficient" and that many caregiving differences reflect beneficial culturally defined opportunities for growth. However, we also believe that other differences our study reveals have deep roots in colonialism, structural racism, and economic inequality, and are worth examining and challenging.
Pragmatic trials for critical illness in neonates and children
Vol. 7No. 2p78Published: November 29, 2022
Luregn J Schlapbach
Mark J Peters
More than 100 000 infants and children are admitted to neonatal and paediatric intensive care units in the UK annually. Infections and sepsis remain a leading cause of admission, short-term and long-term morbidity, and mortality in this patient group.1,2 Yet, the majority of diagnostic and therapeutic practices in this setting are not based on high-grade evidence. This exposes children to suboptimal decision making and ineffective or even harmful interventions. The cost to patients, families, and society of this evidence deficit is unknown.
Innovations to reduce maternal mortality and improve health and wellbeing of adolescent girls and their babies in Sierra Leone
Cristina Fernandez Turienzo
Lucy November
Mangenda Kamara
Philemon Kamara
Venetia Goodhart
Alexandra Ridout
Sierra Leone has one of the highest maternal mortality rates globally (717 deaths per 100 000 livebirths in 2019),1,2 with the greatest burden in adolescent girls. More than a third of women aged 20–24 years in Sierra Leone have given birth before age 18 years (more than 10% of girls before age 16 years). The lifetime risk of maternal death is one in 17, with some evidence suggesting that the risk is higher for pregnant adolescents.3 Additionally, infants born to adolescent mothers are at increased risk of sickness and death.
Addressing the subpar success rates of infant intubation
Brett J Manley
Kate A Hodgson
Endotracheal intubation is a potentially life-saving procedure for neonates and infants. Clinicians have two main concerns when undertaking this procedure: firstly, identifying and maintaining visualisation of the glottis so the endotracheal tube can be correctly positioned in the trachea (intubation success); and secondly, maintaining the stability of the infant during the procedure (intubation safety). Both success and safety are critically important. Desaturation (hypoxia) during paediatric endotracheal intubation is common and can lead to bradycardia, termination of the intubation attempt, or both.
Estimating tuberculosis burden: national reporting systems
Vol. 11No. 1e14Published: November 23, 2022
Ahmad Fuady
Estimating tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and deaths are crucial to capture the tuberculosis burden and to assess the progress towards tuberculosis elimination in 2035. WHO publishes a report of estimated tuberculosis burden each year, showing that tuberculosis remains among the top ten causes of death worldwide.1 The estimates arise from data and information collected by several methods: surveillance systems, prevalence surveys, mortality surveys, inventory studies (to capture unreported detected tuberculosis), and expert opinion and consultation.
Restricting abortion access in the USA: implications for child and adolescent health
Maya M Kumar
Claudia R Borzutzky
On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court revoked the constitutional right to abortion. Although public focus has been on the implications of this decision for women's reproductive rights, the devastating effect these laws will have on child and adolescent health must be considered as well.
Integrated pneumonia surveillance: pandemics and beyond
Vol. 10No. 12e1709Published: November 10, 2022
Amy Sarah Ginsburg
Padmini Srikantiah
Scott F Dowell
Keith P Klugman
Nov 12, 2022, marks the third annual World Pneumonia Day since SARS-CoV-2 came to worldwide attention. As we continue to confront new SARS-CoV-2 variants, we also need to anticipate and prepare for the emergence of other potential respiratory epidemics and pandemics. The previous 2 years have shown the importance of timely disease surveillance to detect cases and track the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed global and regional gaps in reliable testing and reporting of cases and deaths, and has led to calls for increased attention and investment in resilient surveillance systems for respiratory viruses of pandemic potential that leverage existing platforms towards more coordinated approaches to inform public health decision making.
Unboxing the black box on topical calcineurin inhibitors and cancer risk
Vol. 7No. 1p2Published: November 9, 2022
Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
The topical calcineurin inhibitors, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are effective immunomodulators used in the management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Topical tacrolimus ointment (0·03% and 0·1%) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, and pimecrolimus cream (1%) in 2001, as second-line agents in children aged 2 years or older. However, in 2006, the FDA announced a black-box warning stating that the long-term safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors had not been established,1 citing post-marketing reports of increased risks of lymphoma and skin cancers in mainly isolated case reports, organ transplant recipients, and animal studies.
Double burden of under-5 mortality in LMICs
Vol. 10No. 11e1535Published: November, 2022
Peter M Macharia
Lenka Beňová
Under-5 mortality is a proxy for the social, economic, environmental, and health-care systems into which children are born; an indicator of a population's wellbeing; and a basis for planning health strategies.1,2 However, in its aggregate form (which captures the number of deaths before age 5 years per 1000 live births), under-5 mortality masks heterogeneity along spatial, temporal, socioeconomic, age, and gender dimensions. This unfinished health agenda jeopardises informed targeting of limited resources.
Nigeria's mandatory health insurance and the march towards universal health coverage
Abiodun Awosusi
The 2022 Lancet Nigeria Commission highlights the value of adequate investments in health as Nigeria undergoes key transitions.1 It provides compelling evidence on the need for a "new social contract"1 between the people and the state. This contract is crucial for the implementation of the National Health Act (NHA), the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) Act, and national strategies and plans for health.
Micronutrient supplements in pregnancy: an urgent priority
Anura V Kurpad
Harshpal Singh Sachdev
In their Correspondence (September, 2022),1 Filomena Gomes and colleagues critique our Comment,2 which called for more precision in the use of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS). They say our request for precision is "aspirational" but dismiss it as "yet to be achieved in any nation". They also suggest that the relevant benefit of MMS on birthweight and gestational age3 lies at the lower tail of the outcome distribution.
The upcoming flu seasons: how worried should we be?
Ghazi Kayali
The simple answer to the title question is very. As the COVID-19 pandemic raged through 2020–21, little to no influenza activity was detected.1 It was hypothesised that interventions imposed to curb COVID-19 had a positive effect on influenza transmission. This, coupled with the focus on producing and distributing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might have reduced the levels of influenza immunity in the population that are raised through natural infection or vaccination. Consequently, this has prompted a gut-feeling among the influenza public health and research communities that the influenza seasons post-COVID-19 are going to be severe.
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1.3 First Thing's First – Avoid These Silly Affiliate Marketing Mistakes!
5.1 What is BUM Marketing?
7.1 What Constitutes a Super Affiliate?
7.3 The Super Affiliate Marketing Tactics Exposed!
Chapter 8: Become a Supreme Affiliate Marketer Today!
One of the basic needs for any successful affiliate program is to have a web site of your own. While it is possible to purchase ad space on sites and to advertise through Google Adwords, this is short term strategy.
Setting up a basic web site that has a particular focus will make all the difference in the world to the success of your program. Keep in mind that your web site does not have to be complicated with a lot of flash media, animation or other fancy bells and whistles.
In fact, if you plan on focusing your attention on affiliate marketing strategies that target the home consumer, you are better off with a basic site that will load quickly on a dial up connection. After all, dial-up is still extremely popular in a number of locations.
While you could choose to go with a free web site, you will find it much easier to work with affiliate programs if you go with your own domain name. It is very easy and inexpensive to secure a domain name and space on a remote server these days. Some companies will provide you with both services for a low monthly charge.
Another important aspect is determining just what your contact information will be, regarding communication with your affiliate program. This would include an email address and physical mailing address. The email address should be one you have set aside specifically for your marketing business.
You may find it helpful to obtain a free email address, although you will certainly look more professional if the email address appears to be lead to a business of some sort. Often, you will have the option of having one email address when you secure a domain name. If that is the case, go this route and use that as your contact for any email correspondence.
As far as your physical mailing address, determine where you may want your affiliate checks to be mailed. If you are not secure having the checks come to your home for come reason, secure a post office box.
Online payments are a great way to easily receive your affiliate payments and keep track of your earnings. From this angel, you may want to look into opening an account with one of the more popular online services that send and receive funds.
PayPal is one example of such a service. Many people are familiar with PayPal, and just about everyone knows how to use it to send payments. Another popular option is ClickBank, which offers services that are almost identical to PayPal. Both these options are reliable, quick, and provide you with financial detail that will allow you to keep up with your earnings easily.
One last tool to set in place before you embark on your first affiliate marketing program is a promotion plan for the web site where the ads will reside. This will mean that you have a procedure in place to tie keywords and key phrases back to your site, publish the site on all the major search engines, and also have some content ready to add to the site periodically.
Additionally, you will have located at least a few online business sites where you can post your URL in business listings. Making sure people can find your site during searches is imperative; that is where a lot of your traffic will come from.
Also, you want the content to change slightly from time to time, so people have a reason to visit your site on a regular basis. All these methods will greatly increase the chances of clicks on the ads posted on the site.


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Economists vs. The Public
As was demonstrated in the Trump-mania, there is a mismatch between "experts/establishment" and the "general public" in many places of world: Brexit and Trump are simply the most recent and evident examples. I am very much enjoying the show, the only sane way of dealing with politics, but does this mean I buy the entire anti-establishment, stagnant-wages, manufacturing-workers-in-Pennsylvania story?
My understanding is that there is very little truth to the Trump economic narrative; the onset of China (or NAFTA...) on the world market hasn't meaningfully changed the fate of American manufacturing. But politics isn't economics, and its sporadic relationship with truth means that false story tales and emotional appeal are more likely to win the political game than truth is.
An age-old way to see this is the mismatch between beliefs held by the vast majority of economists and the general public. Bryan Caplan illustrates this very well in his 2006 book The Myth of the Rational Voter:
Noneconomists and economists appear to systematically disagree on an array of topics. The SAEE ["Survey of Americans and Economists on the Economy"] shows that they do. Economists appear to base their beliefs on logic and evidence. The SAEE rules out the competing theories that economists primarily rationalize their self-interest or political ideology. Economists appear to know more about economics than the public. (p. 83)
Harvard Professor Greg Mankiw lists a couple of positions where the beliefs of economists and laymen diverge significantly. The list includes the usual culprits: rent control, tariffs, (agricultural) subsidies and minimum wages. The case I, Mankiw, Caplan and pretty much any economists would make is one of appeal to authority: if people who spent their lives studying something overwelmingly agree on the consequences of a certain policy within their area (tariffs, minimum wage, subsidies etc) and in stark opposition to people who at best read a few newspapers now and again, you may wanna go with the learned folk. Just sayin'. Caplan even humorously compared the 'appeal to authority' of other professions to economists.
In principle, experts could be mistaken instead of the public. But if mathematicians, logicians, or statisticians say the public is wrong, who would dream of "blaming the experts"? Economists get a lot less respect. (p. 53)
I wasn't gonna add more examples to these extensive lists, but rather illustrate a few areas where the basic terminology differs between economists and the public. This is by no means enough to explain the vast differences between economists and the average Joe, but it would help you next time you're talking to an economist.
1) Money and Wealth and Income
The average public confusingly uses all of these terms interchangeably. A rich person has 'money', and being rich is either a reference to income or to wealth, or sometimes both – sometimes even in the same sentence. Economists, being specialists, should naturally have a more precise meaning attached to these words. For us Income refers to a flow of purchasing power over a certain period, whereas wealth is a stock of assets or "fixed" purchasing power; my monthly salary is income whereas the ownership of my house is wealth (the confusion here may be attributable to the fact that prices of wealth – shares, house prices etc – can and often do change over short periods of time, and that people who specialize in trading assets can create income for themselves).
'Money', which to the average public means either wealth or income, is to the economist simply the metric we use, the medium of exchange, the physical object we pass forth and back in order to clear transactions. That little green or blue or pink-ish piece of paper we instantly think of as 'money'. To illustrate the difference; I have currently very little income (read none...?) and negative wealth, but still possess money with which I pay my rent and groceries. In the same way, Bill Gates with massive amounts of wealth (but perhaps not much income?) can lack 'money', simply meaning that he would need to stop by the ATM.
2) Rationality
I recently discussed rationality where I pointed out that even most critics of mainstream economics gets this one wrong. To the general public, rationality simply means prudence, being smart or decisions made by reason as opposed to impulse or emotion. To economists, however, it means two things and two things only: a) that you have a rational preference ordering; and b) that when faced with a choice, you always choose the most preferred item; (a) obviously begs the question of what a rational preference ordering is, so we let Angner explain it again:
A rational preference ordering is simple. Completeneness ensures that each person will have exactly one list, because completeness entails that each element can be compared to all other elements. Transitivity ensured that the list will be linear, because transitivity entails that the strict preference relation will never have cycles (p. 24; 26)
An easier way of explaining this is with the Axiom of Revealed Preference; by doing one thing, you are necessarily not doing another thing and we as observers can conclude that you preferred this first thing over the second at that given moment. This axiom has caused a lot of confusion inside and outside the economics discipline, ranging from serious disputes to laughable strawmen. One vital point here, that by no means is necessarily part of 'rationality', but nevertheless often assumed is what Rothbard (1956) pointed out in his attack on Samuelson:
The prime error here is the assumption that the preference scale remains constant over time. There is no reason whatever for making any such assumption. All we can say is that an action, at a specific point of time, reveals part of a man's preference scale at that time. There is no warrant for assuming that it remains constant from one point of time to another. (p. 6)
In the Misesian (=Austrian) tradition, rationality is much less strict, and simply means that an actor has an aim with his action, rather than mindlessly wanders around and randomly does things:
Human action is necessarily always rational. The term 'rational action' is therefore pleonastic and must be rejected as such. When applied to the ultimate ends of action, the terms rational and irrational are inappropriate and meaningless. The ultimate end of action is always the satisfaction of some desires of the acting man." (Mises, Human Action, p. 18/19, depending on edition).
The example of rationality shows how economists are engaged in much more specific disputes, and are much more accepting toward misuse of certain terms, than is the general public. For most aspects of life, however, a Misesian (though more logically accurate) definition of rationality is meaningless, and I'm almost tempted to side with the layman on this one.
3) Investment
This one, like 'money', is a lot more annoying to economists. The use of 'rationality' causes less anger in our hearts simply because of its disputed status, whereas misuse of money/wealth/income and Investment drives us nuts. Seriously. As recently as a few hours ago I was told that my yoga mat was an investment; I've had major disagreements with flatmates and friends over the investment or consumption status of cars, houses, clothes and probably a million other examples. Much like 'money', 'investment' to the general public seem to mean anything that gives you some form of benefit. Or it may more narrowly mean buying financial assets (stocks, shares, derivatives...).
For economists, it means something much more specific. Investopedia brilliantly explains it:
An investment is an asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or will appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth.
The definition has two components; first, it generates an income (or is hoped to appreciate in value); secondly, it is not consumed today but used to create wealth. This definition clearly shows why my yoga mat isn't an investment; it is clearly a consumption good that, although giving me lots of joy and benefits, generates zero income, won't appreciate and is gradually worn out. Almost as clearly, houses (bought to live in) aren't investments: they generate no income for the occupants (but lots of costs!) and deteriorates over time as they are consumed. The only confusing element here is the appreciation in value, which is an abnormal feature of the last say 30 years: the general trend in history has been that housing prices move with inflation, i.e. don't lose value other than through deterioration. In fact, Adam Smith said the very same thing about housing as an investment:
A dwelling-house, as such, contributed nothing to the revenue of its inhabitant; and though it is no doubt extremely useful to him, it is as his cloaths and household furniture are useful to him, which however make a part of his expence, and not his revenue. (AS, Wealth of Nations, II.1.12)
Cars are even worse, depreciating significantly the minute you leave the parking lot of the dealership. Where the Investopedia definition above comes up short is for business investments; when my local bakery purchases a new oven, it passes the first criteria (generates incomes, in terms of bread I can sell), but not the second, since it is generally consumed today.
Another tricky example is the standard political claim that we need to invest in our future, either meaning non-fossil fuel energy production or some form of publicly-funded education. It is much less clear that these are investments, since they seldom generate an income or return above its initial costs. Or maybe they do count as investments, but very bad ones.
In summary, economists think of investments as something yielding monetary returns in one way or another. Either directly like interest paid on bonds or deposits (or dividends on stocks) or like companies transforming inputs into revenue-generating output. It is, however, clear that most things the public refer to as investments (cars, yoga mat, clothes, beer, houses) are very far from economists' understanding.
Economists and the general public often don't see eye to eye. But improving the communication between the two should hopefully allow them to.


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3D Brick Breaker Revolution is a game for iOS and Windows Phone 7 developed by Digital Chocolate and released on March 27, 2009 for iOS. The game was ported to Windows Phone 7 and released on December 1, 2010. The Windows Phone 7 version offers Leaderboard and Achievement support as a title for Xbox Live-enabled games.

Gameplay

Brick Breaker Revolution 3D is an Arkanoid style game where players destroy bricks and boss battles using weapons and a ball. There are three game modes: classic mode, revolution mode, and time attack. The game features power-ups that are collected as they drop down the screen during levels. The game features a difficulty level, this level increases after every boss battle depending on the player's skill.

References

External links
Official Website

2009 video games
Digital Chocolate games
IOS games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows Phone games
Breakout clones
Single-player video games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How comfortable/wearable are these with glasses?
I have the original ESP-950's with the stock pads and I find them very comfortable. They are incredibly light, and the clamping force is very negligible. The padding in the headband is excellent as well and they don't cause me any discomfort. The pleather pads have never made my ears sweat, though I only use them indoors in an air conditioned room. I can wear them for hours on end. I would imagine that the new velour pads will be just as, if not more comfortable. The cable is also quite light and it never feels like it's weighing the headphones down (even when using the extension cable).
I prefer listening without my glasses, but the ESP950's are fine when I have my glasses on. Again, I'm using the stock pads, but I think the new velour ones will be comfortable as well. I'll know in a few months.
The clamping pressure is very light, but not adjustable (the padded headband creaks when flexed like there is plastic underneath). I occasionally use reading glasses whose temples are close to my head and it's not bad. Better than any other over-the-ear headphone I have (which is quite a few).


At our Internet shop you can search for products either by typing in the product name or the code number in the search box.
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If you are ordering from abroad please contact us via e-mail and we will provide you with an estimate on shipping and delivery costs to your location.
The Joustoraha billing-service is for 20 and over Finnish citizens for purchases up to a maximum of 1000€.
For international orders you can make an advance money payment directly to us.
Please use IBAN and SWIFT codes, because in that case the bank transfer costs are only ca. 0,20 €.
Our delivery is fast and usually the ordered products leave our premises the same day as we have received your payment.
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If you wish to exchange your product, please contact our customer service before returning your item back to us.


How is age determined on ancient rocks?
1 How is age determined on ancient rocks?
How old are you? How old are your grandparents? Do you know how old Canada is? Or the pyramids in Egypt? Do you know how old Earth is? How do scientists even know how old the Earth is? Or how long ago dinosaurs existed? Scientists have many ways to discover how old rocks and fossils are. The oldest and most reliable method they use is called Uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating. Scientists use this method to date rocks that formed from between 1 million to 4.5 billion years ago, and they estimate the Earth is 4.543 billion years old. Scientists can use monazite, titanite, baddeleyite and zirconolite for uranium dating. The most common mineral used, however, is Zircon.
Zircon may be nature's best clock. It is ideal for use in dating, or geochronology, for many reasons.
It is very hard, which means makes it resistant to weathering.
It is resistant to mechanical weathering, which is the process of big rocks breaking into smaller ones, and chemical weathering, which is the erosion of rocks caused by chemical reactions.
It is also resistant to metamorphism, which is when heat or pressure causes a rock to change its composition or structure.
Zircon is commonly found as the primary mineral in igneous rocks. Since igneous rocks have no fossils, this makes zircon valuable in dating them. Zircon also concentrates Uranium (You) and (although less so) Thorium (Th) and excludes lead (Pb), which means it has a very high You/Pb ratio. This means that any lead found in zircon minerals was made by radioactive decay, after the formation of the mineral. The ratio of lead versus uranium in the zircon is what is used to determine the age of the rock.
The zircon dating method uses two decay chains. As you know, radioisotopes do not decay directly into a stable state; rather they go through stages of radioactive decay until reaching a stable isotope. The two decay chains used on zircon dating are the uranium series and the actinium series.
The half-life of the uranium series is 4.47 billion years, and the half-life of the actinium series is 710 million years. When a grain of mineral forms, the clock starts at zero. Uranium decay traps lead atoms in the crystal; these atoms get more concentrated over time. In a vacuum state, the dating of this mineral would be easy and straightforward.
Every 710 million years the 235U of the actinium series would be at its half-life, so there would be the same amount of uranium and lead atoms. In another 710 million years, there would be only one 235U atom for every three 207Pb atoms. In the uranium series, the half-lives of the minerals are much longer, but the process is the same. Therefore, if you plot the Pb/You ratios of each series involved in the dating process, the points form a line called a Concordia.
The Concordia is a graph that shows the aging of zircons. The older they get, the farther out along the curve they go. In a vacuum, they would stay on the curve. However, even though zircon is very strong, sometimes a geological event occurs that allows lead to escape. This makes the zircons go straight back to the starting point on the Concordia graph, off of their original line. This is called Discordia. As long as no other geological event occurs, the whole Discordia line moves along the Concordia line, pointing to the age of the geological event that caused the disturbance. The graph will show not only the age of the rocks but also when important geological events occurred in the past.
So how do scientists get the zircon and figure out its age? The work starts in the field. Geologists go out looking for certain types of rock that they know to be older than others. For example, if there is a piece of granite that has another kind of rock embedded in it, the inner rock will be older. They map out the area and collect samples of this type of rock; then they take samples. The samples can be anywhere from two pounds to more than 100 pounds. Even though zircon is very common, it is also very small. It is usually found in the form of tiny grains, making up usually less than 10% of a given sample, spread out through the rock. Separating out the zircons is, therefore, a very meticulous process. Geologists then break up the rock into mineral grains and set them in a very thick liquid. Because zircon is one of the densest minerals, the rest of the minerals raise to the top and the zircon sinks. Also, zircons are magnetic so scientists can separate the finest pieces with magnets.
Once they isolated zircon samples, this is when the hard part begins. Geochronology is very detailed work. Geologists take one tenth of one percent of the rocks and examine them. They make slices of zircon 30 micrometers thick and mount them on glass. Each slice is about as thick as a piece of hair. These slices are examined to see if they had consistent growth or if they had disturbances; if they are simple or complex, in granite or metamorphic rock. Scientists observe how light reflects from the grains of zircon, and in detail, how it is transmitted through them.
The zircons are studied with an electron microprobe; they hit the zircons with an electron beam to see the cathodoluminescent light that results after it. All of the atoms in the sample give off X-rays with different wavelengths after being hit with the electron beam, according to their atomic makeup. That way, scientists know the exact composition of that tiny sample. A single grain of zircon may contain different compositions and ages. Using these methods, the geologists determine if they want to examine the entire grain of zircon or certain parts of it to date only a certain spot. Another option is to dissolve the zircon grain in hydrofluoric acid to separate the uranium and the lead. The scientists can then analyze them on a mass spectrometer to get the Pb/You ratio and thus calculate the age of the zircon.
The oldest rock known was discovered in Western Australia in the 1990s and is 4.2-4.3 billion years old.
Zircon can be used to make gemstones of many colors. It is usually opaque and brownish, but they can be enhanced by heat treatment.
The dark brown color of most zircon crystals is caused by iron oxide impurities.
A radioactive variety of zircon is green and round like pebbles.
Uranium series begin with naturally occurring uranium-238 that contain these elements: astatine, bismuth, lead, polonium, protactinium, radium, radon, thallium, thorium and ends with lead-206.
Billion is a big number. One billion seconds ago it was 1985. Now imagine how much 1 billion years is. Now imagine 4 billion years. It is a difficult concept to wrap our heads around, and yet through a lot of very detailed work both in the field and in the laboratory, geologists have found a way to go back in time and see how the world was millions and even billions of years ago. Thanks to the zircon dating system, we know how the world was before the dinosaurs even existed, and what the earth was like when it was first formed. Now imagine how old the pyramids in Egypt are; and how old Canada is; and how old you are. We are all so young, right?
MLA (Modern Language Association) "Zircon Dating." ScienceAid, scienceaid.net/Zircon_Dating Accessed 20 Apr 2019.
Chicago / Turabian ScienceAid.net. "Zircon Dating." Accessed Apr 20, 2019. https://scienceaid.net/Zircon_Dating.
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 855 times.


Apogee is a five-piece album by Iranian-Canadian composer Farshid Samandari. From Bashō haikus to Rumi's mystical poetry, from Japanese Noh theater to particle physics, the composer draws on a wide variety of disciplines to take us on a colourful journey. Witness the magnificent cover, a painting by the Iranian calligrapher Mehrdad Shoghi.
Based in Vancouver, Samandari is composer-in-residence of the Vancouver Inter-Cultural Orchestra. A mix of cultures marks his work, which he defines as "unity in diversity." Apogee for solo flute creates a contrast by borrowing from classic Persian scales and modes and a resolutely contemporary discourse in which Mark Takeshi McGregor's flute explores a vast array of textures and techniques.
In the triptych From Fire To Water, again borrowing a vocabulary from the Persian musical tradition, Samandari develops a very open musical environment where the four instruments (alto flute, viola, harp and percussion) flourish in a dynamic of attraction and repulsion, joining in silences or brief rhythmic patterns.
Over the course of 70 minutes, the performances are impeccable, rich in tone and dynamics, with welcome clarity and sonic precision. The composer is a master of silence, resonance a variety of instrumental techniques. His voice is characterized by an openness to tones that captivate and surprise us. An inventive and musical discovery.


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From grand dames rich in Old World charms like low-slung chandeliers and storied tea rooms, as well as chic and eclectic boutique hotels with a desig... Read More
From grand dames rich in Old World charms like low-slung chandeliers and storied tea rooms, as well as chic and eclectic boutique hotels with a design-savvy edge, when you're considering where to stay in London, know that there's a room for every traveler.
Like the city itself, the best hotels in London provide accommodations that are both sophisticated and historic, perfectly poised as jumping-off points for urban exploration. One of the most recognizable is The Savoy, a fixture in London's theater district since 1889. Since then, its more than 250 rooms have hosted dignitaries, celebrities, and members of the royal family; it even hosted the Queen's coronation ball.
The Ritz London has a similarly storied history. Since 1906, it's sat within a stone's throw of Buckingham Palace, greeting guests with white-gloved doormen and Louis XVI-style décor, and visitors can take high tea in its famous Palm Court Room. London hotels on the more modern end of the spectrum include Ian Schrager's hipper-than-thou Edition, where rooms are independently decorated, and below them there's a happening restaurant and lounge. London also boasts a wealth of creative boutique hotels. The Zetter Marylebone, part of the Zetter Group, sports quirky yet lavish in-room details, like ornate four-poster beds and eccentric objet.
Categories Overview Hotels Restaurants Bars Things To Do Shops Free App
A contemporary art-focused luxury hotel on London's fashionable Park Lane in Mayfair. The interiors are reminiscent of the Art Deco period, realized by... Read More
Chiltern Firehouse
The first London hotel by André Balazs (the Standard, the Mercer, the Chateau Marmont), Chiltern Firehouse features just 26 suites. The building itself... Read More
Hotel Cafe Royal
One hundred and sixty rooms and suites set minutes from the city's bustling Piccadilly Circus. The Akasha Spa is guided by both Eastern and Western... Read More
London Edition
Studio 54 co-founder Ian Schrager has been taking his magic touch from nightclubs to hotels as of late, notably seen in the Fitzrovia hotel London... Read More
The Beaumont
Creators of the Beaumont, Chris Corbin and Jeremy King are best known for their well-appointed white tablecloth restaurants, such as the Wolseley, The... Read More
Guy Oliver and the late David Collins lent their hands to the sumptuous interiors at the Connaught. Bespoke modern furniture sits comfortably alongside... Read More
The Ham Yard Hotel
A thriving destination, the Ham Yard Hotel features 91 individually designed rooms and suites, all surrounded by 13 independent stores. For the fun... Read More
The Mondrian
Drawing from its marine heritage—the hotel is set on the Southbank overlooking the Thames—this Tom Dixon-designed space evokes the glamour of a 1920s... Read More
The Zetter
With locations in both Clerkenwell and, more recently, Marylebone, The Zetter Townhouse is the quintessential boutique hotel. It's quirky and lavish,... Read More
See All Hotels in London


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Home News 'Ben Affleck and Ex-girlfriend Ana De Armas' Movie Dark Water Pulled From...
'Ben Affleck and Ex-girlfriend Ana De Armas' Movie Dark Water Pulled From Release a Year After Their Split
Cynthia J. Beck
Ben Affleck needs no introduction and post-playing Batman his popularity has grown manifolds reaching global standards better than ever. Like every celebrity's life, Affleck's personal life too gets a lot of reportage.
Ana de Armas, a Cuban Spanish actor, who has been in a relationship with Ben Affleck for nearly a year has now separated ways and their separation is not just personal but also has professional repercussions.
The actor's closeness picked up in the early months of 2020 and was linked together as a couple while filming in New Orleans for the upcoming thriller movie Deepwater.
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"Ben is no longer dating Ana," one of the sources announced to the media. Going in accordance to what has been floating around and what has been told by many sources that "She broke it off. Their relationship was complicated. Ana doesn't want to be Los Angeles based and Ben obviously has to since his kids live in Los Angeles."
"This is something that was mutual and something that is completely amicable," one of the sources, who also happen to be close to Affleck and de Armas claims. "They are in different points in their lives; there is deep love and respect there. Ben continues to want to work on himself. He has three jobs lined up and he's a solid father at home. They are both happy with where they are in their lives."
Ben Affleck and Ex-girlfriend Ana De Armas
Ben Affleck who is now 48 with two kids and de Armas who is her 32nd year of life, were first linked romantically and were thought of having something like a relationship in the early March 2020 and were even seen while their trip to the native place of de Armas that is Cuba. Later they also went to a romantic getaway in Costa Rica before finally heading Los Angeles.
Henceforth, there were frequent sightings of Affleck and de Armas all along the summer, when they spent the quarantine period together in Los Angeles. De Armas has acted in some great movies and series like Blade Runner 2049, NO time to Die, War Dogs, The Knives, etc., and has many projects up her sleeve.
Photos of the celebration of her 32nd birthday were shared online on Instagram by her where both the actors were seen spending time together and that is when she confirmed their relationship i.e. on Instagram.
During the time of their togetherness, de Armas was seen having a quality and fun time spending with Ben and his kids. Affleck has three kids that is a son of around 8 years old named Samuel and daughters Seraphina, 11, and Violet, 14, from her ex-wife Jennifer Garner.
In the middle of the year that is around June, de Armas joined Affleck, his mother Christine along with his kids for a family vacation to Georgia. As per one of the sources, de Armas has her way with the kids and gets along with them easily, "Ana seems to love being around his kids. Everyone has been getting along great. Ana is making an effort to get to know his kids," said one of our sources.
Affleck and de Armas made a decision of moving in together during the late months of summer. Around the month of August, de Armas was seen shifting and moving her belongings and other things into Ben's residence in Los Angeles all the way from her home which is in Venice, California. It was also revealed by a source that de Armas had also put her home in Venice, California, for sale.
"She had a huge grin and seemed very excited about living with Affleck," said one of our sources.
The separation came into being soon after de Armas had a blast celebrating the birthday of Affleck. It is also known to all by virtue of the selfies and pictures of the same on Instagram that de Armas gave a custom-made BMW motorcycle as a birthday gift to Affleck.
This motorcycle was made from scratch by WYLD Garage Co. There were many adorable selfies of the two on Instagram and by the look of those selfies, no one could have told the separation that came as a shock to all.
However, there are professional repercussions too that follow from this separation and which is that might never see the release of Dark Water on silver screens. We hope that things get sorted up and we get to see the movie on screen as Affleck's work has never failed to impress us and has always given fans a thing to go gaga. We are in a constant process of collecting and processing data and news on the topic, so stay tuned with us for all the updates.
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Turkmen Victims Of Afghan Air Crash Found
(RFE/RL) June 11, 2006 -- The bodies of seven Turkmen aid workers killed in a helicopter crash in Afghanistan five months ago have been recovered from a remote mountaintop.
Pakistan Makes Major Drugs Haul
A tribesman works in a poppy field on the Pakistani side of the Afghan border (file photo) (AFP) June 11, 2006 -- Officials say Pakistani forces have seized more than two tons of morphine as well as shipments of heroin and arms and ammunition.
Afghan President Denies Forming Militias
June 11, 2006 -- Afghan President Hamid Karzai today denied media reports that he is forming militia forces in southern Afghanistan to fight the Taliban.
Pakistani Forces Kill Up To 20 Militants
Pakistani troops in North Waziristan (file photo) (epa) June 10, 2006 -- A Pakistani army spokesman says Pakistani security forces have killed up to 20 people in an assault on a militant hideout near the Afghan border.
Coalition Says Over 40 Taliban Killed In Past Week
June 10, 2006 -- U.S.-led coalition forces in Afghanistan say they have killed more than 40 militants in clashes over the past week.
Protecting The Storied Bactrian Treasure
Afghans and the rest of the world must wait to see a 2,000-year-old cache of treasure from the Hill of Gold in Afghanistan. In May the legislature rejected a proposal to send the treasure on a world tour.
Al-Jazeera Airs New 'Al-Zawahri' Tape
June 9, 2006 -- Al-Jazeera television has broadcast what it says is a new videotape from the deputy leader of Al-Qaeda, Ayman al-Zawahri.
At Least Six Killed In Fresh Afghan Violence
(RFE/RL) HERAT, June 9, 2006 (RFE/RL) -- RFE/RL's Radio Free Afghanistan reports that a provincial security director in the western province of Farah has been killed by unknown attackers.
Pakistan: Islamabad Wrestles With Its Own Neo-Taliban Dilemma
Pakistani families flee their village due to fighting between pro-Taliban militants and security forces in March (epa) Pakistani officials refer to those fomenting unrest along the country's border with Afghanistan -- primarily in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of northwest Pakistan -- as "miscreants." It is a term reminiscent of the label that Afghan President Hamid Karzai's administration uses for antigovernment fighters in his country: "enemies of peace and security." It might also indicate a shortsightedness that hinders both countries' security efforts.
UN Official Condemns Public Execution By Taliban
A 2,000-year-old statue of Buddha in the Bamyan Valley destroyed by the Taliban (file photo) (epa) PRAGUE, June 9, 2006 (RFE/RL) -- A top UN official has condemned in "very strong terms" the reported public execution of an alleged murderer by the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Taliban Leader Pays Tribute To Al-Zarqawi
June 9, 2006 -- A statement attributed to Taliban leader Mullah Muhammad Omar says the death of Al-Qaeda militant Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi will not weaken the resistance in Iraq and Afghanistan to "crusader forces."
NATO Promises Robust Action In South
Defense ministers representing the 37 nations participating in the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force for Afghanistan met with their Afghan counterpart Abdul Rahim Wardak in Brussels.