Less than a decade ago, medical aesthetic clinics were few and far between and aesthetic treatments were reserved only for the rich.The situation is different today: aesthetic clinics and spas have sprouted up at every corner of the island – These range from reputable clinics opening new outlets to fly-by-night establishments. According to the Singapore Medical Council's annual report, there was a 19% increase in the number of plastic surgeons in Singapore from 2011 to 2015. Doctors offering non-invasive and minimally-invasive aesthetic procedures are also gaining popularity. Despite this, many people often find it difficult to choose a trustworthy doctor to obtain impartial information about the treatments.
The divide between spas and medical clinics is becoming unclear because many spas are offering pseudo-medical treatments – often illegally – at a fraction of the price. Aesthetic clinics are waging ferocious price war to bring in more clients. Quality of treatments is compromised to improve their bottom line. Unfortunately, customers will bear the brunt of this competition.
With this in mind, Dr. Siew Tuck Wah, Medical Director of Radium Medical Aesthetics provides 5 important tips when it comes to aesthetic treatments.
There is absolutely nothing shameful about wanting to get a bang for your buck. The truth is, good and effective medical aesthetic treatments don't come cheap. It should set off alarm bells if an establishment is offering treatments that are a fraction of what most are charging. You should be wondering how good this establishment is if the only way to attract more customers is to wage a price war and compete with cost. Also, you should be doubting the authenticity and efficacy of the treatment. Nothing is more important than making sure that the treatments you get are legitimate. You have only one face, one body, and it deserves the best.
The boundary between beauty salons and registered medical clinics is becoming ambiguous. In recent years, we see a surge in beauty salons providing services that used to be exclusively offered by registered doctors. Services such as High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatments, laser treatments and injections that involve delivering products into the skin are carried out by therapists in beauty salons. Although these services are priced at a fraction of what medical clinics offer, such services are best done in a medical clinic.
While a beauty therapist can probably give you a good facial, they don't have the extensive training of a medical practitioner – and there are many important differences between the two.
Spending some money to treat your face by a therapist may seem harmless, but do you take time to learn more about the qualifications of the person who's going to treat your skin? You should. Mistakes made by unqualified therapists can be costly. Poorly administered treatments can damage or even cause permanent scarring of your face.
The intensity and power of the treatments offered by medical clinics are much higher. Medical practitioners are allowed to carry out medical-grade aesthetic treatments to treat a medical condition but a beauty salon therapist is not allowed to do so.
The most important difference is that a medical doctor goes through five years of medical school and a further two to three years of residency training. You would want someone who is knowledgeable about treating different skin conditions to administer laser treatments for you.
The end goal of all aesthetic treatments is to get a clear, beautiful and lifted skin. So why not leave it to an expert?
The internet is a very powerful platform to share information with people around the world. Read up, do your research and understand more about the treatment before you decide if you want to give it a try. Take time and invest in consults with a medical doctor that you are comfortable with. Find out more about their qualifications and trainings they received.
If you are happy with the above and have built a good rapport with your doctor, you are ready to start your treatment process with a peace of mind knowing that you are in good hands.
Aesthetic treatments are about making you look good. A doctor with a keen eye for beauty is a pre-requisite in order to improve the appearance of a person. "To me, medical aesthetics is not only a science, but an art. It is important to choose a doctor who is patient to listen to your needs and someone who appreciates beauty.", says Dr. Siew, Medical Director of Radium Medical Aesthetics.
"Don't be afraid to ask the doctor to show you some before and after pictures that he did. It is like going for a job interview. You need to see their CV to be convinced that he/she is capable of doing the work.", he continued.
As humans, we all strive to make lives better for people around us. Corporate charitable giving provides employees a platform to champion a cause they believe in and give back to their communities. As consumers, you want to know that your money is well-spent and it goes into supporting a sustainable charitable cause.
For us at Radium Medical Aesthetics, it all seems to come naturally. Dr. Siew is also the President of SOSD, one of Singapore's largest and most active animal welfare charity in Singapore (www.sosd.org.sg). Philanthropy is in the genes of the people at Radium Medical Aesthetics so organising regular campaigns for SOSD comes naturally to us. "Even though our clinic was only a month old, we managed to raise close to $5,000 for SOSD with our first fundraising campaign. I am very touched that there are so many supporters believing in our cause and coming forward to fundraise for SOSD.", Dr. Siew said.
Nothing feels better than knowing that part of your money spent on beautifying yourself goes supporting a local charity. Guilt-free indulgence, I'd say!


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text:
Исследования по теории грамматики. (Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды Института лингвистических исследований РАН. Т. XII. Ч. 2.)
Вып. 7: Типология перфекта. СПб.: Наука, 2016.
Under the general editorship: Т. А. Майсак, В. А. Плунгян, К. П. Семёнова
Перфект и Аорист в ниджском диалекте удинского языка
Майсак Т. А. В кн.: Исследования по теории грамматики. (Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды Института лингвистических исследований РАН. Т. XII. Ч. 2.). Вып. 7: Типология перфекта. СПб.: Наука, 2016. С. 315-378.
The paper focuses on the two most important perfective forms expressing past time reference in the Nizh dialect of Udi, a language of the Lezgic group of East Caucasian family. The form with the suffix -i is the most frequent in narrative texts, and can be properly characterized as the Aorist (perfective past). The form with the suffix -e is less frequent, but has a wide range of uses, including the expression of current relevance of past situations and the experiential meaning, as well as the resultative meaning (present state); on the whole, this form fits the crosslinguistic category of the perfect. There is also the Pluperfect, which is derived from the Perfect by means of the "retrospective switch" enclitic, and is semantically a "perfect in the past". Apart from the functional differences between the Aorist and the Perfect, there is a number of morphosyntactic ones. In particular, the default position of person markers on the verb is enclitic in case of the Perfect, but endoclitic (intraclitic) in case of the Aorist. Also, there is a special negation strategy available only for the Perfect, which includes the perfective participle and the postpositional negative complex. According to the hypothesis put forward in the paper, this negation structure may at least partly disclose the origin of the Perfect form, which seems to be based on the participle. The diachronic scenarios of the Aorist and the Perfect origin and evolution are discussed in the paper, as well as the perspectives for future research of the system of past tenses in Udi.
Added: Oct 7, 2017
Перфект и смежные значения в агульском языке
Майсак Т. А., Мерданова С. Р. В кн.: Исследования по теории грамматики. (Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды Института лингвистических исследований РАН. Т. XII. Ч. 2.). Вып. 7: Типология перфекта. СПб.: Наука, 2016. С. 379-422.
The paper describes the group of perfective past tenses in Aghul (Lezgic, East Caucasian), focusing on the expression of the perfect meaning. There are four verbal forms which can express the meaning of the perfect 'family'; at the same time, it is not obvious whether Aghul can be qualified as a language with a dedicated perfect form. All the four forms in question are periphrastic in origin, with the perfective converb or participle of the main verb and the postpositional auxiliary in the present tense. The Aorist is a typical perfective past used in narratives, although it is employed in the immediate ('hot news') contexts as well. The "participial" Aorist has an experiential or existential meaning, which is commonly associated with perfects. The Resultative is a polyfunctional form which expresses both perfect and resultative meanings, as well as indirect evidentiality in the past (in the latter function, it is a frequent tense used in 'second-hand' narratives). Finally, the "participial" Resultative has a narrower perfect meaning and introduces a currently relevant situation as already "known", the function of the corresponding clause being explanatory or confirmatory. Thus, Aghul can be said to possess two perfect-like forms, one with a wide distribution, and another with a more narrow distribution than expected of a 'classical' current-relevance perfect.
Each of the four forms has a counterpart with the 'pluperfect' structure, including the perfective converb or participle and the auxiliary in the past. These forms express the meanings that are typical of pluperfects cross-linguistically, including the resultant state in the past, the anteriority in the past, 'discontinuous' past etc.
Research target: Philology and Linguistics
Priority areas: humanitarian
Keywords: лингвистическая типологияглагольный аспектперфект
Acoustic cues to perception of word stress by English, Mandarin and Russian speakers
Chrabaszcz A., Winn M., Lin C. et al. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2014. Vol. 57. P. 1468-1479.
Purpose: This study investigated how listeners' native language affects their weighting of acoustic cues (such as vowel quality, pitch, duration, and intensity) in the perception of contrastive word stress. Method: Native speakers (N = 45) of typologically diverse languages (English, Russian, and Mandarin) performed a stress identification task on nonce disyllabic words with fully crossed combinations of each of the 4 cues in both syllables. Results: The results revealed that although the vowel quality cue was the strongest cue for all groups of listeners, pitch was the second strongest cue for the English and the Mandarin listeners but was virtually disregarded by the Russian listeners. Duration and intensity cues were used by the Russian listeners to a significantly greater extent compared with the English and Mandarin participants. Compared with when cues were noncontrastive across syllables, cues were stronger when they were in the iambic contour than when they were in the trochaic contour. Conclusions: Although both English and Russian are stress languages and Mandarin is a tonal language, stress perception performance of the Mandarin listeners but not of the Russian listeners is more similar to that of the native English listeners, both in terms of weighting of the acoustic cues and the cues' relative strength in different word positions. The findings suggest that tuning of second-language prosodic perceptions is not entirely predictable by prosodic similarities across languages.
Added: Sep 20, 2014
Argument structure and grammatical relations. A cross-linguistic typology
Iss. 126. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012.
This book is a collection of articles dealing with various aspects of grammatical relations and argument structure in the languages of Europe and North and Central Asia (LENCA). Topics covered with respect to individual languages are: split-intransitivity (Basque), causativization (Agul), transitives and causatives (Korean and Japanese), aspectual domain and quantification (Finnish and Udmurt), head-marking principles (Athabaskan languages), and pragmatics (Eastern Khanty and Xibe). Typology of argument-structure properties of 'give' (LENCA), typology of agreement systems, asymmetry in argument structure, typology of the Amdo Sprachbund, spatial realtors (Northeastern Turkic), core argument patterns (languages of Northern California), and typology of grammatical relations (LENCA) are the topics of articles based on cross-linguistic data. The broad empirical sweep and the fine-tuned theoretical analysis highlight the central role of argument structure and grammatical relations with respect to a plethora of linguistic phenomena.
From interrogatives to placeholders in Udi and Agul spontaneous narratives
Ganenkov D., Lander Yu., Maisak T. In bk.: Fillers, Pauses, and Placeholders. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. P. 95-118.
Added: Feb 6, 2013
Рефлексивные метсоимения в дагестанских языках и типология рефлексива
Тестелец Я. Г. Вопросы языкознания. 1998. № 4. С. 35-57.
The article is devoted to the syntactic properties of reflexive pronouns
Added: Apr 7, 2014
Multilingualism. Proceedings of the 23th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics
Saxena A., Viberg Ǻ. Iss. 8. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009.
The volume includes proceedings of the 23th Scandianvian Conference of Linguistics (SCL 23) that was held at Uppsala University 1–3 October 2008. It includes studies covering a wide spectrum of approaches to linguistics, for example, cross-linguistic typological studies, linguistic variation and language change in contact situations as well as studies relating to bilingualism and to second and foreign language learning.
Added: Nov 18, 2012
Лабильные глаголы в европейских и северокавказских языках. Опыт сравнительного анализа
Летучий А. Б. В кн.: История языка. Типология. Кавказоведение. М.: Наука, 2013. С. 169-212.
In the paper, the classes of labile verbs (verbs which can be transitive or intransitive without any formal changes) are analyzed on the data of European and North Caucasian languages. The main conclusion is that there is a semantic difference between classes of labile verbs in the two language groups under analysis. In European languages, predicates with low semantic transitivity are labile (for instance, motion verbs and phasal verbs), while in Caucasian languages, lability is more characteristic of verbs with high semantic transitivity (verbs of destruction and similar verb classes).
Verb classes in Adyghe: Derivational vs. nonderivational criteria
Letuchiy A. Linguistics. 2013. Vol. 51. No. 4. P. 729-766.
In my paper, two approaches to verb classification in Adyghe, a language of the West Caucasian family, are discussed. The first approach is a purely morphological classification based on the choice of person cross-referencing prefixes. The second one is a derivational classification which builds on the morphological mechanisms of reciprocalization and reflexivization. The main research question which lies behind the classification study is whether verbs derived by means of the reciprocal or reflexive marker behave in the course of further valency-changing operations differently from nonderived verbs.
I show that verb classification in Adyghe has some typologically peculiar properties, the main one being that the derivational classification distinguishes more specific classes than the purely morphological one. In other words, the fact that a verb is derived is crucial for its behavior. The language-specific properties of Adyghe are also typologically relevant. They show that derived verbs and derivational mechanisms are of particular relevance in verb classification and should be given more attention in linguistic work on verb classification than is currently done.
The Caucasian languages
Daniel M., Lander Yu. In bk.: The Languages and Linguistics of Europe. A Comprehensive Guide. Vol. 1. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2011. P. 125-157.
If anything, Europe's linguistically most exotic area is the Caucasus. In terms of linguistic density it is the subcontinent's New Guinea. Languages of Western, Central and Eastern Europe are less typologically diverse – and not much more numerous – than the languages spoken in its southeastern corner. Three "endemic" language families are spoken here, South Caucasian (Kartvelian), Northeast or simply East Caucasian (Nakh-Daghestanian) and Northwest or simply West Caucasian (Abkhaz-Adyghe). The latter two are sometimes considered to form a deep-level North Caucasian family (see Nikolaev and Starostin 1994), but this entity is disputed. An earlier hypothesis of genealogical relations between all endemic families (the assumed Ibero-Caucasian family) has now been largely abandoned (cf. Tuite 2008). The linguistic diversity of the area is further extended by the presence of Turkic and Indo-European languages. We will primarily deal with endemic families, sometimes also with Armenian (for the purposes of this survey, the difference between Eastern and Western Armenian may be neglected), to a lesser extent with Iranian languages which are also spoken outside the Caucasus and minimally with the Turkic languages, as Turkic is dealt with in a separate chapter of the present volume.
Материалы VIII Международной конференции по языкам Дальнего Востока, Юго-Восточной Азии и Западной Африки
М.: ИД "Ключ-С", 2009.
Развитие современного информационного пространства: анализ и перспективы
Дзялошинский И. М., Пильгун М. А., Тощева А. В. и др. Вып. 11. М.: АПК и ППРО, 2012.
Added: Apr 26, 2012
Технологии работы с текстовой и фактографической информацией. Словарь-справочник
Шаров А. Г. МегаВерсия, 2007
Эффективные стратегии и тактики в современных коммуникационных процессах
Edited by: М. А. Пильгун Вып. 10. М.: АПК и ППРО, 2012.
Boris Pasternak: Russian Writer in Italy
Galatenko Y. N. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2013. Vol. 2. No. 9. P. 304-309.
The paper is focused on the study of reaction of italian literature critics on the publication of the Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Jivago". The analysys of the book ""Doctor Jivago", Pasternak, 1958, Italy" (published in Russian language in "Reka vremen", 2012, in Moscow) is given. The papers of italian writers, critics and historians of literature, who reacted immediately upon the publication of the novel (A. Moravia, I. Calvino, F.Fortini, C. Cassola, C. Salinari ecc.) are studied and analised.
Этические проблемы организационной, профессиональной и межличностной коммуникации
Автоматическая генерация правил транскрипции и машинная транскрипция имен собственных с использованием конечного автомата
Логачева В. К., Клышинский Э. С., Галактионов В. А. ИПМ им. М.В. Келдыша РАН. ::. ИПМ им. М.В. Келдыша РАН, 2012. № 14.
Эмоциональные высказывания в диалогической и монологической речи
Яблокова Т. Н. Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики. 2011. № 2. С. 191-196.
In the article the patterns of the realization of emotional utterances in dialogic and monologic speech are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker feeling psychic tension and to the compositional-pragmatic peculiarities of dialogic and monologic text.
Описание графика как способ профессионально направленного обучения иностранному языку в нелингвистическом вузе
Успенская Е. А., Шмаль М. В. Альманах современной науки и образования. 2011. № 3(46). С. 171-181.
Added: Dec 14, 2012
Культурно-историческая психология Выготского − Лурия
Фрумкина Р.М. Гуманитарные исследования. WP6. Высшая школа экономики, 2006. № 01.
After more then 70 years since his death and nevertheless the crucial changes psychology has undergone meanwhile, L.S.Vygotsky is still considered a major and highly influencual figure. In what follows the author tries to understand the means and ways of he reception of Vygotsky's heritage and the major role L.R.Luria performed in the process in question.
Added: Mar 24, 2013
Ритуалы в медиатизированном обществе
Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 03.
Added: May 3, 2012
Социальный капитал и экономические представления российских и китайских студентов
Татарко А. Н. Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве. 2012. Т. 17. № 1. С. 47-55.
Культура русской диаспоры: эмиграция и мифы. Сборник статей
Таллинн: Таллинн, 2012.
Императорская Россия
Анисимов Е. В. СПб.: Питер, 2008.
In Search of the New "Turns": History and Theory in the 21 st century
Savelieva I. M. Humanities. HUM. Basic Research Programme, 2011. No. 02.
This study researches some of the most recent theories (elaborated by historians and social scientists) applied to the practice of historical research. The object of this research includes ideas, concepts, notions, methods of scholarly analysis of past social reality, as well as the emergence of new interdisciplinary fields, mutual borrowings and interventions. In this connection, the opposite process — the historization of some very disparate disciplinary discourses — is briefly addressed. It includes especially historical aspects of anthropology and sociology in the coming century. The research is based on information from journals specialized in history and theory, on leading history journals which demonstrate the state of art in various research areas, on sociological journals publishing material on historical sociology and on monographs from 1995—2010.
Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10), Valletta, Malta, 17-23 May 2010
Valletta: ELRA, 2010.
Персонифицированная легитимность.
Скиперских А. В. Свободная мысль. 2005. № 8. С. 119-203.
Виртуальные расширения человека: новые основы культуры и бизнеса
Экфрастический дискурс в романе Трейси Шевалье "Девушка с жемчужной сережкой
Тулякова И. И., Бочкарева Н. С. Мировая литература в контексте культуры. 2008. № 3(1). С. 150-154.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hands in the Till: Embezzlement of Public Monies in Mississippi
James R. Crockett
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tvmfd
Hands in the Till
In 2004Corporate Crime Reporterasserted that Mississippi was the most crooked state in America. By comparing the number of federal corruption convictions over the past decade and the 2002 population of the state, the conclusion was inescapable. Too many officials were robbing the public they had sworn to serve and protect.
Hands in the Till: Embezzlement of Public Monies in Mississippiestablishes the scope of a major crisis in a poor state where needs are many and funds are scarce. The book highlights the tireless work of the Office of the State Auditor in investigating the theft of public money and bringing criminals to justice.
This book reports on thirty-seven cases that demonstrate how and why embezzlement occurs, how it is discovered and investigated, and how the state's justice system deals with perpetrators. The greedy schemes can be as outrageous as they are disheartening. Case histories narrated here involve a variety of public servants and others including chancery clerks, circuit clerks, justice court clerks, city clerks, sheriffs, tax collectors, school and college administrators, and employees of organizations that receive public money.
James R. Crockett is professor emeritus of accountancy and information systems at the University of Southern Mississippi.
(pp. xi-xviii)
(pp. xix-xxii)
TheRandom House College Dictionarydefines malfeasance as "the performance by a public official of an act that is legally unjustified, harmful, or contrary to law."
This book spotlights embezzlement of public funds in Mississippi and the involvement of the Office of the State Auditor in investigating such malfeasance and recovering public monies. Thirty-seven representative cases are examined in detail to illustrate how the embezzlements were perpetrated, what motivated them, and how they were detected. The scope of the problem is portrayed with the goal of raising public awareness and indignation concerning the theft of public funds. It is hoped...
1. Chancery and Circuit Clerks
In order to understand the eight embezzlements that have occurred in chancery and circuit clerks' offices that are chronicled in this section, it is helpful to review the fee system of compensation and the duties and requirements of the offices. The following is a brief summary of the fee system—how fees are earned, some duties of the clerks, how the clerks' operations are financed, and problems associated with the system.
Under Mississippi law, chancery clerks and circuit clerks are elected officials who are paid from the fees they collect for their services. Prior to 1996, clerks were allowed to...
2. Tax Assessors/Collectors
Each of Mississippi's eighty-two counties elects a tax assessor/collector every four years. A brief review of the duties of this politically charged office will set the stage for the six cases briefed in this section.
The tax assessor/collector submits a proposed budget for the upcoming fiscal year to the county board of supervisors (BOS) at its July meeting. The board, which must adopt a budget by September 15, may accept or modify the proposed amounts. Subsequently, the board appropriates a lump sum for the tax assessor/collector's budget on a quarterly basis at the first meeting of each quarter beginning on...
3. Justice Court Clerks and Sheriffs' Employees
Mississippi counties elect sheriffs every four years. Boards of supervisors fund the operation of sheriffs' departments through county budgets. Money is collected by sheriffs in the form of fines, bonds, and payments from other government entities. Monies are "settled" by sheriffs to the county, other government units, and to individuals, e.g., return of bond money. Sheriffs are charged with properly establishing accountability for monies received and with depositing receipts in a bank. Sheriffs are also required to properly document and account for all disbursements. The first case briefed in this section involves a sheriff's clerk who embezzled more than $150,000....
4. City Clerks
Officials of Mississippi cities are required to establish accountability for and protect all monies that flow into their cities. They are also required to account for disbursements properly and to ensure the legality of disbursements. Annual audits are required for each of the state's incorporated municipalities. These audits are usually performed by CPA firms. In fact, the OSA is prohibited by statute from auditing a municipality unless a complaint has been filed with it alleging wrongdoing, or a strong indication of wrongdoing has been discovered in another manner. Section 7-7-211(7) of the Mississippi Code is relevant to this matter:
[The...
5. Schools
Officials of public school districts, community colleges, and universities are required by law to establish accountability for and protect all monies that flow into their units. These officials must also ensure that all disbursements made by their units are legal, properly documented, and that the accounting for each disbursement is proper. The OSA has audit authority for public school districts and their various subunits, community colleges, and universities. This section describes four embezzlements from public high schools, one from a community college, and four from universities.
The OSA received a complaint on October 21, 1997, from Kenneth Hughes, business manager...
While the five cases of embezzlement briefed in this chapter are not easily categorized, Section 7-7-211(F) of the Mississippi Code gives the OSA audit authority over each entity involved. The code section reads as follows:
[The OSA has the authority] [t]o post-audit and, when deemed necessary, pre-audit and investigate the financial affairs of the levee boards;agencies created by the Legislature or by executive order of the Governor; profit or nonprofit business entities administering programs financed by funds flowing through the State Treasury or through any of the agencies of the state, or its subdivisions; and all other public bodies...
Mississippi public officials continue their corrupt practices unabated, and unfortunately it affects the poorest of the Magnolia State's citizens. A January 3, 2005,Clarion-Ledgerfront-page headline read: "Alleged Holmes corruption fits disturbing trend." The article by investigative reporter Jerry Mitchell explained why.
Holmes County is one of the nation's poorest counties, a place where poverty seems plentiful.
So, why are there so many allegations of corruption in a place so little?
District Attorney James Powell confirmed last week that Tissie Brocks, who oversaw the Holmes County Economic Development Authority, allegedly stole at least $80,000 by forging the names of those...


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Periplaneta sublobata es una especie de cucaracha, un insecto blatodeo de la familia Blattidae.

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Referencias

Enlaces externos

sublobata
Insectos descritos en 1969

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home Forums > Unit History, War Diaries & Documents > Unit History > Royal Artillery >
123 LAA Regt, RA - 22 September 1944
Discussion in 'Royal Artillery' started by Buteman, Feb 12, 2011.
123 light anti aircraft regiment ra
milsbeek war cemetery
Pieter F Very Senior Member
But this is still very interesting information. Would be interesting when we could find out who the three casualties of 23 september were.
Pieter F, Jul 24, 2012
John Brooking Junior Member
I looked on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission site, searching for any Royal Artillery men killed on 23 September but there weren't any. Perhaps the three were injured, not killed, since 'casualty' cover both.
John Brooking, Jul 25, 2012
Philip Reinders Very Senior Member
Wd mentioned 3 wounded of 405 Battery on that day
Philip Reinders, Jul 25, 2012
JReynolds_NZ New Member
Sorry to revive this old thread, however it looks to be exactly what I'm looking for. I'm researching my grandfather George Richard Reynolds and I noticed the Peiter F was looking to find out what happend to him as well as others from the 123rd. I have found online a diary which mentions a Sgt Tubby Reynolds from No. 5 gun being killed on the 22nd, which matches up with other record I have. Does anyone have any knowledge of this? Next year marks 70 years and my dads 72nd birthday and it would be great to be able to give him some insight as to his father whom I don't think he'd ever met (having being born in Nov '42).
Josh Reynolds..
JReynolds_NZ, Dec 29, 2013
Tricky Dicky Don'tre member
From CWGC
REYNOLDS, GEORGE RICHARD
Serjeant
Service No:
Regiment/Service:
123 (6th Bn. The City of London Regt.) Lt. A.A. Regt.
II. F. 5.
Son of Charles and Ada Reynolds; husband of Margaret Joyce Reynolds, of Feltham, Middlesex.
Tricky Dicky, Dec 29, 2013
Thanks Tricky Dicky, Dad when to Milsbeek earlier this year, he was impressed as to how well looked after the graves are. From what I can see George was in the 408th Battery and possibly No 5 gun. I thought that there might be a slight chance that someone would have a photo of the unit or similar. Pretty hard tracking this down after all these years!
Josh..
Others from the forum will possibly have more info that relates directly to your needs, with Xmas and New Year it will be a little quieter than normal on the site - patience is a virtue
Buteman 336/102 LAA Regiment (7 Lincolns), RA
Now I am back home after the Xmas break, I've checked again what I copied of the war diary including appendicies. Unfortunately there is nothing further I can add to this thread.
Buteman, Dec 30, 2013
celia P Junior Member
My father (who is in his 93rd year) is Sergeant Paddy Skilton, of 'A' Troop, 405 Battery, 123 LAA, 6th City of London Rifles. He knew Tubby Reynolds and says they were often together in the Sergeants Mess, that he was a real laugh and always ready to take the mickey. My father has also visited Tubby's grave in Holland.
If you'd like to make contact, please do.
celia P, Feb 9, 2014
Thanks Celia, I have PM'd you.
JReynolds_NZ, Feb 9, 2014
celia P likes this.
PaultB New Member
Hello Josh Reynold (and others of course), great to hear your father visited Milsbeek. We are currently in the process writing a book of Remembrance for the men in Milsbeek and Ottersum. For some reason, and also we don't understand the men who fell on the 22nd of September (see thread above), also your Granddad is one of them. We are pleased to hear your father found it well kept, many thanks to the devoted gardeners.
To help us, do you maybe have some background of your grandfather and/or maybe have a photo of him. Have a look at our website to see some information on the project: https://sites.google.com/site/rollofhonourmilsbeekottersum/home There will be an email address when you like to have more information about us.
Celia, pleased to hear your father made it to Milsbeek too.
When you have the intention of visiting this year too, please call on us, we are willing to assist.
I will study the reports posted earlies, but if one of all of you have more information already filtered, please help me to guide me. (Philips, I am currently studying the artillery website, thanks for these major works!)
Kind regards Paul ten Broeke
PaultB, Jun 2, 2014
jeffbubble Senior Member
Information please on 123 RA OCTC, Battle Camp at Martindale Cumberland.
jeffbubble, May 25, 2016
Tullybrone Senior Member
jeffbubble said:
I think your best bet would be to start a new topic as I don't believe the unit you are interested in is one and the same as the unit subject of this topic.
Steve Y
Tullybrone, May 25, 2016
vulcansam Member
I think my Grandfather, Gunner Frank Ward, was one of the casualties on the 22nd September.
I have obtained a copy of the war diary and he is mentioned in part c of the appendix as "OR whose return is particularly requested"
By the time the diary was written he and eight others had been evacuated back to the uk.
When I was young I had the impression he had been wounded on the push up to market garden.
In later years this seemed to have changed to around Caen. There are no casualties reported in the diary when the unit was defending Caen.
Granddad was very reluctant to talk about his war service and I never pushed the subject.
When he was wounded his mate was killed next to him.
When he would talk his mate was known only as "Lofty", I assume he is one of the men in Milsbeek.
The war diary only mentions 3 OR wounded but there are a good twenty odd names in appendix c.
The diary only has the incident on the 22nd with significant casualties.
It could be that the story changed to Caen following the release of the bridge to far film. Granddads nephew was in charge of production on the film. The rest of the family were extremely proud that Terry had his name in lights but we never talked about the film when Granddad was about.
It must have been quite a shock to the guys who seemed to have a fairly quiet war up until then to suddenly find themselves using their guns in an anti tank role. Reading the appendix it all looks very chaotic and traumatic.
Granddad never did make it back to his regiment, he was discharged as unfit from the hospital in the uk.
I'll visit Milsbeek at some point in the near future once the centenary commemorations in France are over.
Sorry for the rambling post.
vulcansam, Dec 29, 2016
Jacob.Clapp-Gunner Member
celia P said: ↑
Sorry to stir up an old thread however, I'm trying to find out about my great grandfather WO2 BSM Alfred Dishman, he was a member of 405 Bty and left after the war. I have a copy of the WD that I got from Kew but I have nothing that mentions him? He got an MID but I again no information what for, he was also wounded and came back to the UK for a short period.
I am a current serving BSM within the RA and would really like to find as much information as possible to fill the gaps. my grandad, his son, has no idea of what he did or where he went as like many of his generation he did not speak of the war.
Jacob.Clapp-Gunner, Jul 1, 2019
Joris1944 New Member
This is the typed out version of the war diaries text, courtesy of a sadly now defunct website (https://www.royalartilleryunitsnetherlands1944-1945.com/)
VEGHEL 22-23-1944 (party RHQ)
At 06.30hrs 22 Sept 44 the Veghel column with RHQ, followed by 408 Bty, 405 Bty and REME W/Shops was halted by traffic jam. The head of the column about 1/2 mile outside Veghel on Veghel Road with the remainder of the column parked in the town itself, the column comd Major Bailey was told that the column would be freezed for 5 hours.
At approx 10.00hrs rumours were heard of enemy tanks in the East, the right flank of the column. The commander of the American paratroops was informed but no orders were received from him. It was decided therefore that should any enemy action occur J Troop 408 Bty was to move some of to their guns past Regt HQ column in a effort to die parse the vehicles in the town and at the time provide some A/T defence. At approx 11.50hrs an american patrol on the right flank contacted the enemy and at the same time heavy shelling on the town commenced. It was not at the time officially known to the Regt HQ that the enemy had been contacted except that there was some SAA fire on the right flank. In an endeavor to find out the road situation the American paratroop deployed in position on the side of the road by Regt HQ. Vehicles were approached but they were unable to state whether it was their own tps firing or the position of their own tps.
It was however obvious that an attack was imminent so vehicles and guns of E Troop were sent forward as arranged to take up their A/T posns. These were under command of Lt ??. The Regt HQ vehicles were also dispersed along the road to avoid conjunction and as some protection from shelling. Personnel from Regt HQ were placed in defensive positions in the ditches on either side of the road, positions were difficult to choose as the Americans continually stated that the position we had choice was liable to fire on their tps although they could not say where their tps were. The remainder of E Troop under Lt G.Robinson took up defensive posns behind Regt HQ mainly on the right of the road, where the attack was expected and some on the left, PIATs were also ready for
At approx 11.45hrs the small arms fire increased in intensity and was directed at the position occupied by RHQ, tanks were also heard in the woods on the right flank and moving towards the town. At this point the paratroops withdrew through regt HQ. It was decided that the road was impossible to depend from the position when occupied and that the only change of holding of the enemy was to take up fresh positions along the line of an hedge at right angles to the road on the outskirts of the town. Orders were therefore issued by the Adjudant for RHQ to withdraw to this line. The RHQ personnel were in two parties with Lt Jordan and Lt Hirsch (Belgium LO) on one side of the road with 6 men and the Adjudant on the other with 5 men. At this stage it was not possible to see what was the to the A Tp guns or to the personnel of a Brengun posn.
Fire by now became extremely heavy and one tank broke through on the road and proceeded towards the town knocking out and setting fire to vehicles on the way and spraying the hedges with MG fire. Other tanks appeared on the right of theroad and PIATs of RHQ was placed in the best possible position in a ditch with a field of fire in this direction and enemy MkII came through the hedge of the field and was fired upon receiving a direct hit from the PIAT. Meanwhile the tank a MkIV with 88mm gun which had previously broken through on to the road crossed into the field on the left flank and was knocked out by American A/T gun that had taken up position in the hedge that the RHQ party were making for. This tank passed over the ditch into the field 5yrds of Lt Jordans party, Lt jordan was wounded in the face and 1 OR was wounded in the stomach. These two wounded man were dragged away by the remainder of the party under direction of Lt Hirsch but havy fire made it impossible for this party to get back for some time. They therefore remained in No mans land in the ditch until the whole attack was beaten off. They then joined the remainder of the Regiment which had by this time withdrawn into the town where the guns were deployed in an A/T role.
Shelling grew in intensity and fighting continued. The enemy was at the main road running north of the town and is was obvious that E Troop that had guns to the head of the Regiment column was now cut off from the rest of the Regiment as was the bren gun crew under the RSM. Most of the Regiment H.Q. vehicles were turning fiercaly as well as a tractor of 408 Battery on the edge of the town although the gun was saved. The situation improved slightly later in the afternoon and one or two en from E Troop managed to get back to the town but is was not until the next day at approx 1900 hrs that the full story could be formed. Lt. G.J. Robinson's report is attached.
The Regiment stoof to at 0500hrs as it was expected that an attack on the town would take place but is did not materialise. Further shelling took place during the whole of the day and the Regiment sustained further casualties - 8 killed and six wounded with soms damage to vehicles. The road was, however opened during the afternoon and the Regiment received orders to move forward at 2000hrs to NIJMEGEN. Al small REME party and rear party of 405 and 408 Battery under Lt Axelby were left behind to salvage as many damaged vehicles as possible while the remainder of the Regiment moved forward arriving at NIJMEGEN at 0130hrs.
The Regiment less 409 Battery which ws already deployed was in action by 0500hrs. E Troop 408 battery were onl able to deploy a action but this was withdrawn later in the day as the heavy casualties on the journey up made it impossible for them to maintain this section in the field at the state of readiness required. From 24 - 30 September the Regiment remained af NIJMEGEN in defence of the bridges. There was considerable air activity during the period both by day and night. The Regiment claimed 15 Cat 1 and 17 Cat IIs during this period.
Shelling and bombing causes casualties amounting to 5 killed and 17 wounded mostly 409 and 408 Batteries. Detailed AA summary (INT) is contained in weekly AA INT summary for week ending 30 September 1944.
E Troop
On Friday 22 September 1944, E Troop was proceeding in a regimental column to NIJMEGEN. Regiment H was leading and E Troop was immediately behind. The column was moving throughout the night of 21/22 September and at approx 0615hrs 22 September had reached VEGHEL, where is was ordered by movement control to pull of the road for 5 hours to allow other troops through. The position, then, of the column was as follows: - Regiment H. Vehicles were parked on te road outside and north of the town; E Troop was behind, als outside the town, with their last vehicle just on the edge of the town. Behind E Troop was the remainder of 408 Battery, followed by 405 Battery etc, all parked along the main road running north - south through the town. Because of the great amount of traffic on the road, all the vehicles were nose to tail.
At approx 1030hrs rumours were head of enemy tanks in the East - our right flank - and though there was no official news, it was decided that should any enemy action occur E Troop would move some of their vehicles past the Regiment H vehicles in an effort to disperse the column and also to provide some defence.
At approx 1130 hrs an American patrol on the right flank contacted the enemy, and at the same time heavy shelling of the town commenced. Vehicles and guns of E Troop were then sent forward as arranged to take up their A/tk positions. These were under the command of Lt T. MILUM. The remainder of the troop were under Lt O.H.J. Robinson and took up positions, mainly on the right of the road, where the enemy were and some on the left. 40 mm and PIAT were also ready for action commanding two main approaches. Al these positions were on the edge of the town.
Shelling grew in intensity ans some American Troops came and took up position, including tow gun crews with A/tk guns. These A/tk guns were rather hurriedly put in position and in such a way that they were in front of the E Troop A/tk guns, thus almost completely blocking their field of fire.
Shelling became heavier with the enemy approaching, and soon after an enemy tank appeared on the left flank, much to the surprise of everyone concerned. The tank opened fire and scored a direct hit on E Troop HQ 3 ton lorry. At the same time S.A. fire hit the gun tractor. Both vehicles burst into flame. The American gun crews opened fire on the tank and eventually hit him, but not before the remainder of the Americans had rather suddenly retired into the town. In view of this Lt Robinson decided to withdraw to the Americans in the town, and all personnel reached this point.
The shelling and fighting continued - the enemy had cut the main road running north of the town, - and it was ovbious that that part of E Troop that had originally on to the head of the regimental column was now cut off from the rest of the Regiment, as was Regiment H. The 40 mm gun on the edge of the town was salvaged but all the vehicles are burning fiercely and nothing could be done about them.
The situation improved slightly later in the afternoon and one or two men who were cut off of E Troop managed to get back to the town, but is was not until the next day at approx 1900hrs, that any real story could be formed.
From these men that got back to the town it was learned that No 2 det had taken up and A/tk position near the head of Regiment H. The Bren was manned and other S.A., and the tractor driven away. Almost immediately the det was engaged by direct enemy machine gun fire and the D.C., Sgt SCOTT RA badly wounded. The enemy approached right to the gun position and those members of the det that had taken up positions in the ditch by the road were fired upon by a German, who sprang- sprayed his machine gun fire up and down the line of the ditch. L/Bdr C. SMITH and gunner J. HANCOCKS and S.G. CLARKE are the only ones not wounded. They tended the wounded men, using their own clothing for handages and touniquetes and waited there until the American Medical party arrived. The helped evacuate the wounded and afterwards managed to get back to the town. The last seen of gunners SATE and MUNDY was when they were manning the 40 mm gun. Later is was found gunner J.R. SATE was killed,and gunner D. MUNDY was missing.
Meanwhile, the other dets proceeded along the road, and took up A/tk positions further up. They were immediately engaged by enemy tanks. Dets 2 and 3, between them, knocked out one tank, which was left burning.
Lt. MILUM, seeing that the situation was getting very serious, decided to pull out and get along the road to the North. It would seem though, that at tis time the enemy had the advantage and almost completely encircled the town and the area around it. However, the dets proceeded and rounding a bend in the road came face to face with three Mk IV tanks. The men dispersed, the tanks opened fire and the tractors were hit and bursts into flames. Further down the road, No 1 Tractor had received direct hits form enemey mortars and was in flames.
Lt MILUM and Sgt BRUNNING A decided to salvage at least one gun and tractor. With volunteers they succeeded in resouing one gun, but unfortunately the tractor they were trying to get became bogged. Throughout all this they were under direct enemey machine gun and mortar fire.
An RASC vehicle was nearby and Lt MILUM decided to try and get all the men on ti and make a bid to reach VEGHEL for the enemy tanks were still operating and causing damage to guns and personnel.
The recaptured gun was hooked on to a jeep and nearby all the men managed to board the RASC lorry. The gun was manned and Lt MILUM led the Vehicles, himself sitting on the bonnet of the jeep. They had almost reached the head of the Regiment H vehicles, nearly all of which were burning when they ran into heavy Spandau fire form the road side. The RASC lorry was hit, and, out of control crashed into a ditch. The enemy fire killed four men and wounded several others. The jeep was not put out of action though Lt MILUM was wounded in the stomach and L/Bdr J. SCHOFIELD manning the gun was killed. The jeep, driven by gunner CUMMINGS RA proceeded along until it received 3 puncture and had to stop. Gunner CUMMINGS attended to Lt MILUM and one other wounded man as best he could stayed with them for an hour or so until an American Medical Party arrived and evacuated the wounded. He then later managed to get back to town.
Three men who did not board the RASC lorry were out off by the enemy, but later managed to get back to the town with the help of the Americans who eventually contacted them.
Back at the RASC lorry, Sgt BRUNNING took control of the situation. Those who were not wounded and those with only slight wounds, he got back into a neaby house. He then set about tending the wounded - all in all - ant stayed out with them until darkness came. Then he managed to get them back to the house where the rest of the men were. An RAF crew sho had crashed the day before were with them. Sgt. BRUNNING was going out to collect the last men but was stopped by the RAF officer, who thought is was to dangerous. This man later managed to crawl back to the house.
Earlier, Sgt C.M. JEFFERIES tried to get a wounded man in but he himself was wounded in the throat and neck whilst doing this.
Sgt BRUNNING now had all the men in the house. He looked after all the wounded throughout the night. The wounded, some of them serious, knowing that they were completely cut off and surrounded, kept absolutely quiet.
The night passed without any special incident. From the house German tank could be seen and in their present state all Sgt BRUNNING and the men could do wat to hold on at the house. Later in the day - about 30 hours afters the action started - elements of the Guards Armoured Div approached form the North and after some fighting managed to relieve the E Troop personnel. Sgt BRUNNING saw to the evacuation of all the wounded and then later took his party and eventually arrived back in VEGHEL.
Known casualties form 408 Battery were - 7 ORs killed, 2 Offrs and 14 ORs wounded; and 6 ORs missing. Vehicles - 6 tractors completely burnt out; 1 3 ton lorry and one 15 cwt water cart completely burnt out; 2 Jeeps - punctures and one had a bullet hole through the engine. Regiment H. casualties were - 1 Offr and 2 ORs wounded and five ORs missing including the R.S.M. Vehicles - 1 3 ton lorry, 2 W/T trucks, Office truck and three RASC vehicles.
Joris1944, Nov 13, 2020
I've posted the photos from Milsbeek War Cemetery. I eventually got there to take photos.
Lance Bombardier Joseph Schofield (This one is better than mine from FAG)
Gunner Colin Latham Baxter
Gunner David Stanley Mundy
Gunner John Thomas Peabody
Serjeant George Richard Reynolds
Gunner Stanley Walter Rice
Lance Bombardier Cedric Vause Wayland
Gunner Joseph Robert Sate
upload_2020-11-13_15-27-45.jpeg
Buteman, Nov 13, 2020


Several years ago, I used to wait tables at a sushi bar. Working on New Years Eve there was especially fun, because of all of the rituals and special food prep leading up to and on the holiday. The day before, the waitstaff would tell me how to perfectly pronounce akemashite omedetou gozaimasu (Happy New Year) while bowing on the gozaimasu—which I repeated countless times during the evening and still remember how to pronounce.
The menu was special and decadent and the restaurant was always packed. Before midnight struck, the cooks would frantically clean the kitchen until it was absolutely spotless, so the new year could literally start with a clean slate. Despite all of the elaborate parts of the evening, what I remember most was a special dinner the chef would make before our shift that night, which included a special okonomiyaki, filled with greens and ginger, and served with a tonkatsu sauce.
This weekend, I took a stab at recreating the chef's okonomiyaki, and taking the first bite of this brought back all of those memories for me. The sauce I made to serve with it was thick and sweet and delicious and complimented the okonomiyaki very well, but you can also buy prepared tonkatsu sauce.
Heat the mirin, soy sauce, worcestershire, agave and vinegar in a small saucepan over medium heat until it comes to a small boil.
Combine the flour, baking powder and salt in a large bowl.
In a smaller separate bowl, whisk together the soymilk, Ener-G and cider vinegar and let it sit for about 5 minutes to slightly thicken. Then slowly add the liquid into the flour mixture and mix gently until combined. Do not overmix.
Add in the vegetables and gently combine again with the batter. Set aside.
Heat a flat non-stick pan over medium high heat. Once it is preheated, spray it with a bit of cooking spray. I used a flat-bottomed 3/4 measuring cup to scoop out the batter and slowly pour it onto the pan. Then I kind of flattened the pancake out using the bottom of the measuring cup.
Cook for about four minutes on each side or until golden brown. Serve immediately with the sauce. This also tastes great with Vegenaise on the side.
Hi there! I'm your new biggest fan 🙂 I totally have a meat and potatoes guy and I really struggle trying to cook for us both. Can't wait to try the fish and chips!!
What a great recipe. Going to have to try this one.
Thanks juanita! I love how food and memories are so closely related.
Wow — thanks ashley! Cooking like this is a challenge, but a fun one!
What a stunning picture! I've never had okonomiyaki, but I'll have to bookmark your recipe.
Thanks! It's delicious! I put cabbage, carrot, grated ginger and a grated potato in mine and served just with vegan mayo and soy sauce .
Looks delicious, but the shredded cabbage is conspicuously absent. Try adding a cup of finely shredded and diced cabbage to this and omitting the kale. Most okonomiyaki I had in Japan could be described as a cabbage omelet. Thanks for the recipe!


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Warner Bros. cancels more world Batman premieres
MEXICO CITY – Warner Bros. Pictures says it has canceled appearances by the cast and filmmakers of the movie "The Dark Knight Rises" in Mexico and Japan after a shooter killed 12 people and injured at least 50 Friday in a Colorado theater during a midnight premiere of the newest Batman movie.
The studio says actors Christian Bale, Anne Hathaway and Joseph Gordon Levitt will no longer hold press or red carpet events on Monday at Mexico City's National Auditorium.
Premiere events in Paris were also canceled Friday.
The studio said it would continue with screenings for special guests and promotion winners so as not to disappoint fans.
Usher's 11-year-old stepson dies from injuries 2 weeks after lake accident
Katherine Jackson reported missing by family member
Katherine Jackson is not missing, is resting with family, authorities say


text:
Qur'anic Language and Grammatical Mistakes
Our Muslim brethren say that the eloquence of the Qur'an, the supremacy of its language and the beauty of its expression are conclusive evidence that the Qur'an is the Word of God because the inimitability of the Qur'an lies in its beautiful style of the Arabic language. We acknowledge that the Qur'an (in some of its parts and chapters) has been written in an eloquent style and impressive words. This fact is beyond any doubt and anyone who denies that does not have any taste for the Arabic language. Yet, on the other hand, we say that there are many clear language errors in other parts of the Qur'an pertaining to the simplest principles of style, literary expression and the well-known grammatical rules of the Arabic language and its expression.
We even find in the Qur'an many words which do not have any meaning and are not found in any language. There is also a great deal of vocabulary which no one can understand. Muhammad's companions themselves have acknowledged that, as we will see, but before we examine all these issues, I would like to clarify two important points.
First, from a linguistic point of view, the eloquence of any book cannot be an evidence of the greatness of the book and proof that it was revealed by God, because what is important to God is not to manifest His power in the eloquence of style and the expressive forcefulness of the classical Arabic language, but rather to embody His power in the sublime spiritual meaning contained in that book which will lead the people to a high spiritual level which enables them to live together in peace and love. It helps them to enjoy an internal profound joy and spiritual, psychological fullness—abundant life. God does not care to teach the people of the Earth the rules and the principles of the Arabic language. God is not a teacher of a fading classical Arabic language, but the true living God is our spiritual leader in life of love and joy.
Is the content of the Qur'an properly fit to be ascribed to God? All that we intend to do here is to determine that eloquence of style is not always an evidence that the words uttered come from heaven or that the one who has spoken them is a prophet. The German poet Schiller is not a prophet, and the Iliad and the Odessa are not composed by a prophet but rather by a Greek poet. The masterpieces of Shakespeare's poems and plays in English literature which are translated and published more than the Qur'an by ten fold have not compelled the British to say that the angel Gabriel is the one who revealed them to Shakespeare.
The second very significant point is that the eloquence of the Qur'an and the supremacy of the classical Arabic language in which the Qur'an is written have created difficulty in reading and understanding, even for the Arabs themselves. So what would we say about the non-Arabs even if they learn the Arabic language? The Qur'an will continue to be a problem for them because it is not sufficient for a person to learn the Arabic language to be able to read the Qur'an. He also has to study the literature of the Arabic language thoroughly. Thus, we find that the majority of Arabs themselves do not understand the classical language of the Qur'an which contains hundreds of words which confused Muhammad's companions who mastered the language but failed to explain their meanings, along with many other words which even Muhammad's companions could not comprehend.
Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti composed at least one hundred pages in part II of his famous book, "The Itqan", to explain the difficult words included in the chapters of the Qur'an, under the title "The Foreign words of the Qur'an". The vocabulary of the classical Arabic language and some of its expressions are not in use anymore among the Arabs. The language itself was so diversified that the Shafi'i was led to say, "No one can have a comprehensive knowledge of the language except a prophet" (Itqan II: p 106).
The question which imposes itself on us is: What advantage do the people of the world get out of the Book of God if it is written in a difficult language which makes it impossible for Arabs (even Muhammad's companions and his relatives) to comprehend it? Does God write a book in which people do not comprehend the meaning of many words included in the text, especially when the scholars insist that the Qur'an must be read only in Arabic? In his book al-Itqan, Al Suyuti says,
"It is utterly inadmissible for the Qur'an to be read in languages other than Arabic, whether the reader masters the language or not, during the prayer time or at other times, lest the inimitability of the Qur'an is lost. On the authority of the Qaffal (one of the most famous scholars of jurisprudence, fundamentals and exposition), reading the Qur'an in Persian cannot be imagined. But it was said to him, 'Then no one will be able to interpret the Qur'an.' He said, 'It is not so, because he will bring forth some of God's purposes and will fail to reveal others, but if somebody wants to read it in Persian he will never bring forth (any) of God's purposes."'
This is why non-Arabs repeat the Qur'anic text without understanding it, because they utter it in Arabic. The same words have been repeated in Dr. Shalabi's book (p. 97), "The History of Islamic Law". He also adds,
"If the Qur'an is translated into a non-Arabic language, it will lose its eloquent inimitability. The inimitability is intended for itself. It is permissible to translate the meaning without being literal."
The same principle is followed by those who worked on the English authorized translation. They said (page iii),
"The Qur'an cannot be translated—that is the belief of traditional Sheikhs (religious leaders). The Arabic Qur'an is an inimitable symphony, the very sounds of which move men to tears and ecstasy."
This is true. If the Qur'an were translated literally into English, for example, it would lose its linguistic beauty, and could not then be compared to any other book in English, French, or German literature. In addition, a person might wonder how the many incomprehensible Arabic words could be translated.
The other question which confronts us is this, Does God belong to the Arabs only? If His book can only be in Arabic, then it is written only to the Arabs and it should not be read except in Arabic as the scholars claim as if God were an Arabic God. Thus, the scholars prohibit praying to God in any other language than Arabic in all mosques. It is also required that the call for prayers and the confession of faith which attests that the man is a Muslim must be uttered in Arabic because Muhammad (the prophet of Islam) said that Arabic is the language of paradise and the Arabs are the best nation created among peoples.
Among the famous prophetic traditions which Muhammad said to the Muslims is, "Love the Arabs for three (things): Because I am an Arab, the Qur'an is in Arabic and the language of the people of the paradise is Arabic" (refer to al-Mustadrak by the Hakim, and Fayd al-Ghadir).
Let us now examine the failure of the Arabic language in which the Qur'an is written, and limit ourselves to the following points:
The Original Qur'anic Text Was Without Diacritical Points, Vocalization, And Some Of Its Letters Are Omitted.
We will attempt to explain this problem to the English reader as plainly as possible. We hope he will find it exciting and interesting. The Arabic reader knows fairly well that the meanings of the words require the use of diacritical points above or below the letters, otherwise it becomes very difficult (if not impossible) to comprehend their meanings. Vocalization also is very significant in the field of desinential inflection, along with writing all the letters of the word without omitting any of them. Thus, the reader of the Arabic language cannot believe or imagine that the Qur'an was written originally without these significant requirements, but let us assure you that this is a historical fact, well-known and acknowledged by all Muslim scholars without any exception.
We will also see that there is a large number of words about which the scholars could not agree as to their meanings. One simple example helps us to visualize the nature of the problem. Let us take the Arabic letter "ba". By changing the diacritical points, we get three different letters—"ta", "ba", and "tha". So when these letters are written without the diacritical points, it becomes difficult for the reader to know the word that is intended.
Examine the following word. Look thoroughly at the diacritical points (I repent), (plant), (house), (girl) (abided). Another example (rich), (stupid), and so on. Without these diacritical points it is very hard to distinguish the words from each other. Thus, the meaning differs from one word to another depending on the place of these diacritical points. Many of the Arabic alphabets require the presence of the diacritical point to differentiate between one alphabet and another and hence between one word and another.
Now let us quote the Muslim scholars who have the final word in these matters.
1) In his famous book, "The History of Islamic Law" (p.43), Dr. Ahmad Shalabi, professor of Islamic history and civilization remarks,
"The Qur'an was written in the Kufi script without diacritical points, vocalization or literary productions. No distinction was made between such words as 'slaves', 'a slave', and 'at' or 'to have', or between 'to trick' and 'to deceive each other', or between 'to investigate' or 'to make sure'. Because of the Arab skill in Arabic language their reading was precise. Later when non-Arabs embraced Islam, errors began to appear in the reading of the Qur'an when those non-Arabs and other Arabs whose language was corrupted, read it. The incorrect reading changed the meaning sometimes."
The same statement is made by Taha Husayn in "Taha Husayn" (p. 143), by Anwar al-Jundi.
Then Dr. Ahmad alluded to those who invented the vocalization and diacritical points and applied them to the Qur'anic text many years after Muhammad's death such as Abu al-Aswad al Du'ali, Nasr ibn 'Asim and al-Khalil ibn Ahmad. He also added (on the same page) that "without these diacritical points, a man would believe that verse 3 of the chapter, 'The Repentance', would mean that God is done with the idolaters and His apostle— free from obligation to the idolaters and His apostle—while the real meaning of the verse is that God and His apostle are done with the idolaters—free from further obligation to the idolaters.
Now the question we would like to ask Dr. Ahmad and all those wise men: Why was not the Qur'an revealed to Muhammad in a perfect Arabic language complete with the literary indicators and the diacritical points lest a difference or change of meaning occur? If a student of Arabic writes an essay in Arabic without the diacritical points would the teacher give him more than zero? The answer is known to two hundred million Arabs.
The second question is: Did God inspire those who added the diacritical points and the vocalization through an angel, for example, to eliminate the different meanings on which the scholars disagree? Who instructed Nasr ibn 'Asim, Abu al-Aswad al Du'ali and Khalil ibn Ahmad to undertake this serious task and create the diacritical points and the vocalization for the Qur'anic text? Was it not more appropriate that Muhammad himself or some of his successors or companions like ibn 'Abbas and ibn Mas'ud should accomplish this work? Yet al-Suyuti himself tells us that ibn Mas'ud was not pleased with that (refer to "Itqan", part 2, p. 160), nor were other leading companions and scholars such as ibn Sirin and the Nakha'i.
2) Ibn Timiyya, Sheik of the Muslims (vol. XII, p. 101), tells us,
"The companions of Muhammad had never used the diacritical points or the vocalization for the Qur'an. For each word, there were two readings—either to use (for instance) 'ya' or 'tah' in such words as 'they do' or 'you do'. The companion did not forbid one of the readings in favor of the other, then some successor of the companions began to use the diacritical points and vocalization for the Qur'an."
On pp. 576 and 586, he adds,
"The companions (Muhammad's friends) did not vocalize or provide diacritical points for the letters of the Qur'anic copies which they wrote, but later during the last part of the companions' era, when reading errors came into being, they began to provide diacritical points for the copies of the Qur'an and to vocalize them. This was admissible by the authority of the majority of the scholars, though some of them disliked it. The truth is, it should not be disliked because the situation necessitated it, and the diacritical points distinguish the letters from each other while vocalization explains the grammatical inflection."
There is a candid acknowledgment from ibn Timiyya that diacritical points are required, but did not God and His angel Gabriel along with Muhammad and his successors know about this problem? The simplest principles of sound Arabic language demand that words should have diacritical points and their letters should be written in complete form. Didn't they know that disagreements among Muslim scholars would take place and that they would fight among themselves and that even death would result from the differences in reading the Qur'anic text? Didn't they know also that the differences in meaning of the Qur'anic vocabulary would be decisive in the interpretation and judgments of Islamic law?
It is surprising that such things had not occurred to the mind of God, Gabriel, Muhammad, and the companions and the caliphs; then, three persons come later and insert these changes into the Qur'anic text. Yet, what is really more surprising is that when the companions discovered the differences in the readings of the Qur'anic text (as Ibn Timiyya says), they did not have any objection against any of the different readings and they did not prohibit either one. The justification for that was that Muhammad himself had acknowledged the presence of seven different readings, not just two readings as was clearly stated in the Sahih al-Bukhari, (vol. 6, p. 227). This fact is common knowledge among all the scholars.
3) Jalal-al-Din al-Suyuti
In his famous book, "al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur'an" ("Adjusted Qur'anic Science"), al-Suyuti reiterates (part four, p. 160) the same words of ibn Timiyya which had been quoted by Dr. Ahmad Shalabi about those who invented the diacritical points and the vocalization of the words. He also said that some of the scholars detested that, as we mentioned before. There the Suyuti presents (part four, pp. 156,157) a list of words which could be read differently. One of them is the reading by which the Qur'an was written, though Muhammad himself had accepted and acknowledged both readings.
In part one, p. 226 of "The Itqan", the Suyuti makes an important declaration in which he says that the difference in reading has led to differences in Islamic law. He illustrated that by the following example: He indicated that some scholars demanded of the worshipper that he wash himself again (the ablution) before he prays if he shook hands with a woman. Yet other scholars require him to do so only in case of sexual intercourse and not just because he shook hands with her or touched her hand.
The reason for this disagreement is ascribed to one word found in the Chapter of Women (verse 43) and whether it has a long vowel a or not. The Jalalan (p. 70) and the Baydawi (p. 113) record for us that both ibn 'Umar and al-Shafi'i seriously disagree with ibn 'Abbas in the way they interpret this verse because ibn 'Abbas insisted that the meaning intended here is actual intercourse while the former said no, it is enough for a man to touch the skin of a woman or her hand to require having his ablution (washing) repeated.
In four full pages (226-229), the Suyuti stated that the many arguments and various interpretations pertaining to the above word have brought about different ordinances. When we read the commentary of the Jalalan or the Baydawi, we realize that whenever they come across certain words which could be read in more than one form they say: This word is read in two different forms.
Before conclude this part, let me call attention to the following everyday story: A man was asking about the place of two verses in the Qur'an. He was told that he could locate them in the Chapters of Resurrection and the Hypocrites. He made every effort to find these two chapters but in vain. Then he was told that the Chapter of Resurrection is number 75 and the chapter of the Hypocrites is number 63. He told them that chapter 75 is named "The Value" and chapter 63 is named or called "The Spenders". They told him you say so because you read them without the letter A (long vowel A) His logical answer was: "I have read them in exactly the form in which they were written without the long vowel A. Why should I add the long vowel A to the words of the Qur'an which would change the meaning?"
My dear English reader have you recognized the purpose of the above paragraph? Is the word "reply" the same as "replay"? There are dozens of words like that in the Qur'an, even some of the titles of the Qur'anic chapters have been written without the long vowel A. For example, the word "masajid" (mosques) is written "masjid" (a mosque), and "sadaqat" (charities) as "sadaqta" (you said the truth). The meaning (as you see) has been completely changed, as Dr. Ahmad Shalabi and Suyuti remarked.
Meaningless Qur'anic words
All Muslim scholars acknowledge that the Qur'an contains words which even Muhammad's relatives and companions have failed to understand. In his book, "The Itqan" (part 2, p. 4), the Suyuti states clearly,
"Muhammad's companions, who are genuine Arabs, eloquent in language, in whose dialect the Qur'an was given to them, have stopped short in front of some words and failed to know their meanings, thus they said nothing about them. When Abu Bakr was asked about the Qur'anic statement 'and fruits and fodder' (8:31), he said, 'What sky would cover me or what land would carry me if I say what I do not know about the book of God?' 'Umar ibn al-Khattab read the same text from the rostrum, then he said, 'This fruit we know, but what is fodder?' Sa'id ibn Jubair was asked about the Qur'anic text in chapter 13 of Mary. He said, 'I asked ibn 'Abbas about it, but he kept silent."'
Then the Suyuti indicated that ibn 'Abbas said that he does not know the meanings of some of the Qur'anic verses (like these in Chapter 69:36, 9:114 and 18:9).
I have quoted the Suyuti's text word for word, and stated the confession of ibn 'Abbas who is interpreter of the Qur'an and legal jurist of the caliphs for whom Muhammad pleaded with God to enlighten his mind to comprehend the meaning of the Qur'an. Also, who was closer to Muhammad, my dear Muslim, than Abu Bakr and Umar, the first two caliphs along with ibn 'Abbas? All of them failed to comprehend many of the Qur'anic verses. Therefore, the Suyuti warns that anyone who attempts to conceive the meanings of these words will suffer complete failure. Then he mentions that the caliphs and ibn 'Abbas, themselves, did not know their meanings.
Of course, he was right, because if those great leaders had failed to know their meanings, who would? Certainly, those intimate companions of Muhammad asked him about the meanings of those obscure words, but it is clear enough that Muhammad himself failed to know their meanings, otherwise he would have explained them to his companions as he did on several other occasions.
In addition to these ambiguous words there are at least 14 other words or symbols which are recorded at the introductory part of 29 Qur'anic chapter. These codes are entirely ambiguous. Also four of these codes are titles for four chapters; therefore, four Qur'anic chapters have meaningless titles. These chapters are chapter Taha, ya sin, Sad, and Qaf. When the Jalalan attempted to expound the meanings of these 14 obscure words and the titles of these chapters, they said, "God alone knows His own intention."
I am stating these words for the benefit of the reader as they are recorded in the authorized English translation of the Qur'an. "Aim-Alr-Almus-Hm" means nothing in any language! Is it a characteristic of Arabic eloquence to have meaningless words and titles of complete chapters which no body can comprehend?
The Qur'an says woe to anyone who asks for the meaning!
The Qur'an acknowledges that there are meaningless words. In chapter of Family of 'Umran: 7, it indicates that there are allegorical verses which "no one knoweth how to explain save God." The Qur'an does not tell us why these words have been recorded in the Qur'an if no one knows their meaning. In his book, "The Itqan" (part 3, p. 3), the Suyuti refers to the above verse, then he remarks,
"The Qur'an is divided into sound, intelligible (verses) and obscure, unintelligible (verses). The obscure (verses) are only known to God such as the detached alphabets at the beginning of the chapters."
On pp. 5 and 6, the Suyuti asserts that the majority of the companions and the successors of the companions, especially the Sunnis (among them ibn 'Abbas himself) affirm that there are words of which no one knows the interpretation save God only.
It is worthwhile mentioning here that anyone who attempted to comprehend the meaning of those words or any of the obscured verses was severely punished. On pp. 7 and 8 (part 3 of "The Itqan"), the Suyuti records for us a moving episode about a person called Sabigh who wanted to inquire about these same Qur'anic interpretations 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab severely punished him on successive days until he was almost killed due to head injuries. This is "the just 'Umar", as they call him.
The Qur'an Gives The Antonym (opposite) Meaning Of Words And Phrases
This fact is well-known to all scholars. It clearly reveals that the Arabic language of the Qur'an is not always sound as some believe. In the second part of "The Itqan", the Suyuti speaks explicitly about things which no one expected to find in the Qur'an. Actually, these defects are not supposed to occur in any standard Arabic book which complies with the rules and characteristics of the Arabic language. On page 135, the Suyuti says,
"The word 'after' has been mentioned twice in the Qur'an so as to mean 'before', as in this saying, 'We have written in the psalms (the scripture) "after the reminder" (21:105) while He meant "before."' Also in this saying, 'The earth "after" that He has extended (79:30) while he meant "before" and not "after" because the earth was created first "before" and not "after" He created the heavens,' as Abu Musa indicated."
These are the actual words of Suyuti. The question now is: Does this linguistic defect conform to any language in the world? Does this comply with the characteristics of writing and the artistic, eloquent style of Arabic language? Is it proper, in the Qur'anic style to write "after" when you mean "before"? How can the reader know the correct meaning since it is common knowledge that "after" and "before" are opposite words? Is it sensible that the angel Gabriel meant to say "before" but he instructed Muhammad to write "after"? It is difficult for us to believe that.
This problem is not confined to one word because the Suyuti provides us with eight pages (Itqan, part 2, pp. 132-139) full of similar examples found in the Qur'an in which, according to the interpreters of the texts, the Qur'an meant the opposite meaning than the literal meaning of the expression. There is no connection between the literal meaning and the meaning intended by the Qur'an.
Let us examine together some of the examples the Suyuti presented to us in his book, the Itqan, part 2,
(A) "The Qur'an means, 'Do not those who believe know that had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind', but he said, 'Do not those who believe despair!' instead of writing 'know' as he meant" (see Thunder: 31). Is "despair" the same as "know"?
(B) "The Qur'an says in chapter 2:23, '... your martyrs', but it means here, ' ... your partners' (p. 133). After the Suyuti made this remark, he commented,
"The martyr is supposed to be the person who is killed, or the one who testifies concerning people's matters, but here it means 'your partners."'
(C) "In chapter Joseph: 20 the word 'Bakhs' (too little) is meant to be 'haram' (forbidden, sacred) contrary to the usual meaning" (p. 132).
(D) "In chapter Mariam (Mary):46 the phrase, 'I certainly will stone you' is interpreted to mean, 'I certainly will curse you', and not, 'I certainly will kill you' as its literal meaning suggests" (p. 133).
Let the reader decide for himself as he examines these illustrations.
Why the Qur'an did not say: "Do not know those who believe.. " instead of "do not the believers give up all hope..." Is "despair" the same as knowledge? And if the Qur'an intended to say, "Did not ... know" would it be recorded as to mean "to give up all hope?" The same thing could be said about "too little" and "martyrs " Does not each word have a different meaning than the meaning indicated by the Qur'an? Is it one of the prerogatives of the language to use a word which has a different connotation than the intended meaning?
Let us state another illustration from "The Itqan" (part 3, p. 251) where the Suyuti says,
"In chapter the (Rahman):6, The Qur'an says: 'The "Nagm" stars and the trees bow themselves.' Here the Qur'an does not mean by 'the stars' the heavenly stars but the plants which do not have trunk. This is the far-fetched intended meaning."
We would like to state here that there is no one who would imagine or expect this meaning. Even the Saudi scholars who translated the Qur'an into English (p. 590) understood the word 'Nagm' ("star") to mean a heavenly star—and stated it as such. Thus, even the Saudi translators of the Qur'an could not imagine that the Qur'an has meant by the word "Nagm" ("star"), the plants which do not have trunks.
I, myself had some doubts about the Suyuti's explanation and thought maybe it was the Suyuti's fault and not the Qur'an's, or the Saudi scholars. Why should we attack the Qur'an and blame it for the Suyuti's error? Therefore, as a candid researcher, I decided to examine the interpretations of the former Muslim scholars to be sure of the proper interpretation. I referred to the Baydawi's commentary (p. 705) and found him in full harmony with the Suyuti's interpretation who stressed that this word alludes to the plants which sprang from the earth without a trunk. The same interpretation is found in the Jalalan (p. 450). In Al-Kash-shaf (part 4, p. 443), the Zamakh-Shari agreed with the mentioned scholars and remarks,
"And the 'star' which is a plant which springs from the earth without a trunk such as the herbs, for the trees do have trunks."
Thus, let the Saudi scholars correct the translation errors of the Qur'an, along with another error (as the Suyuti comprehended it) though they are right in their interpretation of it: The word "amid most" (chapter 2:143) means - according to Suyuti - righteous or just people (p. 251 also refer to the Baydawi p. 29 and Tabari 24). Thus Suyuti says,
"The conspicuous meaning of the word suggests the (idea) of intermediary, while the intended meaning is 'righteous' and this is the far-fetched meaning."
Another example in which the English translator was proper.
The Qur'an says in chapter 57:29: "Lest the people of the book may know." This is the literal translation of the phrase. The word means (in both Arabic and English) "lest" while the intended meaning is that they may know (refer to the commentary of Jalalan p. 459). The translators of the Qur'an correctly translated it as "that they may know" which is opposite to the literal meaning of the word in Arabic.
Yet, before we conclude the discussion of this point, I would like to share with the readers another strange phrase which illustrates the above mentioned point even more clearly.
In chapters 75: 1,2 and 90:1, the Qur'an repeats the phrase: "I do not swear..." This is the literal translation of the phrase, but the interpreters and the translators of the Qur'an insist that the meaning is: "I do call...," or "No, I swear" indicating that the word "do not" is redundant, and when He said, "I do not swear", he meant, "I swear" (refer to the Jalalan, p. 493, 511; Al-Kash-shaf, part 4, p. 658, 753; and Baydawi, pp. 772, 799). The Qur'an says,
"I do not swear by the Day of Resurrection"
"I do not swear by the reproachful soul"
"I do not swear by this city"
While he meant (according to all Muslim scholars) that He does swear by the above three things. The Zamakhshari noted that some had objected to that, and they have the right to object to this confusion, but others said that the pre-Islamic, great poet Emro Al-Qays used to do so.
In the Qur'an There Are Omitted Words, Incomplete Phrases, and Errors In The Structure Of Sentences
This is strange and unjustifiable. Why should many words or even completed phrases be omitted confusing the meaning? In his book, "The Itqan", the Suyuti has discussed this matter and pointed to many omitted letters or words and sentences. He devoted ten pages of part 3, (pp. 181-192) to listing ample examples of which I quote but a few of them.
A) "We read in chapter (Surah) 22:32:
'It is from the piety of hearts.'
The Suyuti says it should have been written this way,
'Its glorification comes from the deeds of those of piety of hearts."'
B) "Also, in chapter 20:96, the Qur'an says,
'So I took a handful (of dust) from the footprint of the apostle.'
The Suyuti says: It is supposed to be written as such:
'...from the footprint of the hoof of the apostle's mare"' (refer to p. 191)
C) Among the many striking examples of the omission of various sentences is what we read in chapter 8:45,46. The Suyuti comments in p. 192,
"The verse: 'Send ye me oh righteous Joseph...' means, 'Send ye me to Joseph to ask him for the interpretation of the dream.' So he did. He came to him and said, 'O, righteous Joseph...."'
In the Qur'an just two words at the beginning are written and two words at the end and all the words in-between are omitted!
Let the reader decide for himself if it is possible to comprehend the intended meaning, having all these words omitted from the verse until it becomes entirely meaningless.
Other Language Errors In Sentence Structure
It is appropriate to refer to Muslim scholars when a person wants to study and comprehend the Qur'an. They are well acquainted with the principles of the Arabic language and the Qur'an. There is none better than the Suyuti, Baydawi, Tabari, Jalalan, and Zamakh-Shari who are great, recognized scholars and linguists quoted by the Azhar scholars in Egypt as well as the Saudi scholars. The American, European and Orientalist, with all due respect, do not understand the Qur'anic language like those great Muslim scholars. The Suyuti (part 3, p. 33), quoting several great Muslim scholars, says,
"The Qur'anic verse: 'Let not their wealth nor their children astonish thee! Allah purposeth only to punish them in the world' (chapter 9:85). It actually means: 'Let not their properties and children astonish you on this Earth because God purposes to torment them in eternity."'
Let the reader notice that there is no mention of eternity in the verse. In pp. 34 and 35, the Suyuti remarks:
"The intended original word order of (the Qur'anic) text: 'Have you seen the one who made his God (the object of) his compassion?' (25:34) is to be read, '... who made his compassion his God' and not, '... his God (the object of) his compassion', because 'who made his God (the object) of his compassion' is not blame- worthy."
In page 328, the Suyuti says that,
"There are many verses in the Qur'an which were revealed without any connection to the verses which proceeded or preceded them, such as what we read in chapter 75:13-19 because the entire chapter talks about the states of resurrection. But these verses were revealed because Muhammad used to hastily move his tongue when dictating the Qur'anic revelation. Some Muslims said that part of the chapter has been dropped, because these verses are not relevant to this chapter at all."
We conclude our discussion of this part by pointing to the boring repetition of certain phrases by which the Qur'an is characterized. The phrase, "O which of your Lord's bounties will you deny?" is repeated thirty-one times in a chapter in which there are no more than 78 verses (chapter 75). The story of Noah is repeated in 12 chapters. Abraham's story is repeated in 8 chapters along with the episode of Lot. Moses' story is repeated in 7 chapters, Adam's in 4 chapters, and John's in 4 chapters. Moses' conversation with pharaoh is repeated in 12 chapters. Certainly these stories differ drastically from the stories recorded in the Old Testament.
There are approximately 15-20 grammatical errors found in the Qur'an which cannot be denied by those who master Arabic grammar This has created a heated argument because these grammatical errors are not expected in a book which Muslims claim is dictated by God and its inimitability lies in its perfect Arabic language. Thus, how can the Qur'an include grammatical mistakes which a junior high school student who has a basic background in Arabic would not make? If anyone of the Arab readers wishes to expand his knowledge of these errors, we would like to refer him to the following Qur'anic verses: Chapters 2:177; 3:39; 4:162; 5:69; 7:16; 20:63; 21:3; 22:19; 49:9 and 63:10. As an illustration, we refer to one example which is found in chapter 20:63. The Qur'an says,
"These two are certainly magicians"—Inna Hazan Sahiran. The correct grammar must say, Inna Hazyn Sahiran.
According to Arabic grammar, these two must be in the accusative case after "Inna", but they are stated in the nominative case which is completely wrong.