text:
// Copyright 2014 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp;

import static com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionAnalysisMetadata.mergeMaps;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableCollection;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.AbstractAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionEnvironment;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionKeyContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionOwner;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionResult;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact.ArtifactExpander;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandLine;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandLineExpansionException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandLines.CommandLineAndParamFileInfo;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ExecException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ExecutionRequirements;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ResourceSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.SimpleSpawn;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Spawn;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.SpawnResult;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.extra.CppLinkInfo;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.extra.ExtraActionInfo;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.actions.ActionConstructionContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BuildConfigurationValue;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.starlark.Args;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.RepositoryName;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.NestedSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadCompatible;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.SpawnStrategyResolver;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CcLinkingContext.Linkstamp;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.LinkerInputs.LibraryToLink;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.server.FailureDetails.CppLink;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.server.FailureDetails.CppLink.Code;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.server.FailureDetails.FailureDetail;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.starlarkbuildapi.CommandLineArgsApi;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.DetailedExitCode;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.Fingerprint;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.OS;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.ShellEscaper;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import net.starlark.java.eval.EvalException;
import net.starlark.java.eval.Sequence;
import net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkList;

/** Action that represents a linking step. */
@ThreadCompatible
public final class CppLinkAction extends AbstractAction implements CommandAction {

  /**
   * An abstraction for creating intermediate and output artifacts for C++ linking.
   *
   *
This is unfortunately necessary, because most of the time, these artifacts are well-behaved
   * ones sitting under a package directory, but nativedeps link actions can be shared. In order to
   * avoid creating every artifact here with {@code getShareableArtifact()}, we abstract the
   * artifact creation away.
   */
  public interface LinkArtifactFactory {
    /** Create an artifact at the specified root-relative path in the bin directory. */
    Artifact create(
        ActionConstructionContext actionConstructionContext,
        RepositoryName repositoryName,
        BuildConfigurationValue configuration,
        PathFragment rootRelativePath);
  }

  /**
   * An implementation of {@link LinkArtifactFactory} that can only create artifacts in the package
   * directory.
   */
  public static final LinkArtifactFactory DEFAULT_ARTIFACT_FACTORY =
      new LinkArtifactFactory() {
        @Override
        public Artifact create(
            ActionConstructionContext actionConstructionContext,
            RepositoryName repositoryName,
            BuildConfigurationValue configuration,
            PathFragment rootRelativePath) {
          return actionConstructionContext.getDerivedArtifact(
              rootRelativePath, configuration.getBinDirectory(repositoryName));
        }
      };

  private static final String LINK_GUID = "58ec78bd-1176-4e36-8143-439f656b181d";

  @Nullable private final String mnemonic;
  private final LibraryToLink outputLibrary;
  private final Artifact linkOutput;
  private final LibraryToLink interfaceOutputLibrary;
  private final ImmutableMap<String, String> toolchainEnv;
  private final ImmutableMap<String, String> executionRequirements;
  private final ImmutableMap<Linkstamp, Artifact> linkstamps;

  private final LinkCommandLine linkCommandLine;

  private final boolean isLtoIndexing;

  private final PathFragment ldExecutable;
  private final String targetCpu;

  /**
   * Use {@link CppLinkActionBuilder} to create instances of this class. Also see there for the
   * documentation of all parameters.
   *
   *
This constructor is intentionally private and is only to be called from {@link
   * CppLinkActionBuilder#build()}.
   */
  CppLinkAction(
      ActionOwner owner,
      String mnemonic,
      NestedSet<Artifact> inputs,
      ImmutableSet<Artifact> outputs,
      LibraryToLink outputLibrary,
      Artifact linkOutput,
      LibraryToLink interfaceOutputLibrary,
      boolean isLtoIndexing,
      ImmutableMap<Linkstamp, Artifact> linkstamps,
      LinkCommandLine linkCommandLine,
      ActionEnvironment env,
      ImmutableMap<String, String> toolchainEnv,
      ImmutableMap<String, String> executionRequirements,
      PathFragment ldExecutable,
      String targetCpu) {
    super(owner, inputs, outputs, env);
    this.mnemonic = getMnemonic(mnemonic, isLtoIndexing);
    this.outputLibrary = outputLibrary;
    this.linkOutput = linkOutput;
    this.interfaceOutputLibrary = interfaceOutputLibrary;
    this.isLtoIndexing = isLtoIndexing;
    this.linkstamps = linkstamps;
    this.linkCommandLine = linkCommandLine;
    this.toolchainEnv = toolchainEnv;
    this.executionRequirements = executionRequirements;
    this.ldExecutable = ldExecutable;
    this.targetCpu = targetCpu;
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  public String getTargetCpu() {
    return targetCpu;
  }

  @Override
  @VisibleForTesting
  public NestedSet<Artifact> getPossibleInputsForTesting() {
    return getInputs();
  }

  @Override
  @VisibleForTesting
  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getIncompleteEnvironmentForTesting() {
    return getEffectiveEnvironment(ImmutableMap.of());
  }

  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getEffectiveEnvironment(Map<String, String> clientEnv) {
    LinkedHashMap<String, String> result = Maps.newLinkedHashMapWithExpectedSize(env.size());
    env.resolve(result, clientEnv);

    result.putAll(toolchainEnv);

    if (!executionRequirements.containsKey(ExecutionRequirements.REQUIRES_DARWIN)) {
      // This prevents gcc from writing the unpredictable (and often irrelevant)
      // value of getcwd() into the debug info.
      result.put("PWD", "/proc/self/cwd");
    }
    return ImmutableMap.copyOf(result);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the link configuration; for correctness you should not call this method during
   * execution - only the argv is part of the action cache key, and we therefore don't guarantee
   * that the action will be re-executed if the contents change in a way that does not affect the
   * argv.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public LinkCommandLine getLinkCommandLine() {
    return linkCommandLine;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the output of this action as a {@link LibraryToLink} or null if it is an executable.
   */
  @Nullable
  public LibraryToLink getOutputLibrary() {
    return outputLibrary;
  }

  public LibraryToLink getInterfaceOutputLibrary() {
    return interfaceOutputLibrary;
  }

  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getExecutionInfo() {
    return mergeMaps(super.getExecutionInfo(), executionRequirements);
  }

  @Override
  public Sequence<CommandLineArgsApi> getStarlarkArgs() throws EvalException {
    ImmutableSet<Artifact> directoryInputs =
        getInputs().toList().stream()
            .filter(artifact -> artifact.isDirectory())
            .collect(ImmutableSet.toImmutableSet());

    CommandLine commandLine = linkCommandLine.getCommandLineForStarlark();

    CommandLineAndParamFileInfo commandLineAndParamFileInfo =
        new CommandLineAndParamFileInfo(commandLine, /* paramFileInfo= */ null);

    Args args = Args.forRegisteredAction(commandLineAndParamFileInfo, directoryInputs);

    return StarlarkList.immutableCopyOf(ImmutableList.of(args));
  }

  @Override
  public List<String> getArguments() throws CommandLineExpansionException {
    return linkCommandLine.arguments();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the command line specification for this link, included any required linkstamp
   * compilation steps. The command line may refer to a .params file.
   *
   * @param expander ArtifactExpander for expanding TreeArtifacts.
   * @return a finalized command line suitable for execution
   */
  public final List<String> getCommandLine(@Nullable ArtifactExpander expander)
      throws CommandLineExpansionException {
    return linkCommandLine.getCommandLine(expander);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a (possibly empty) list of linkstamp object files.
   *
   *
This is used to embed various values from the build system into binaries to identify their
   * provenance.
   */
  public ImmutableList<Artifact> getLinkstampObjects() {
    return linkstamps.keySet().stream()
        .map(CcLinkingContext.Linkstamp::getArtifact)
        .collect(ImmutableList.toImmutableList());
  }

  public ImmutableCollection<Artifact> getLinkstampObjectFileInputs() {
    return linkstamps.values();
  }

  @Override
  public ActionResult execute(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
      throws ActionExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    Spawn spawn = createSpawn(actionExecutionContext);
    try {
      ImmutableList<SpawnResult> spawnResult =
          actionExecutionContext
              .getContext(SpawnStrategyResolver.class)
              .exec(spawn, actionExecutionContext);
      return ActionResult.create(spawnResult);
    } catch (ExecException e) {
      throw ActionExecutionException.fromExecException(e, CppLinkAction.this);
    }
  }

  private Spawn createSpawn(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
      throws ActionExecutionException {
    try {
      return new SimpleSpawn(
          this,
          ImmutableList.copyOf(getCommandLine(actionExecutionContext.getArtifactExpander())),
          getEffectiveEnvironment(actionExecutionContext.getClientEnv()),
          getExecutionInfo(),
          getInputs(),
          getOutputs(),
          () ->
              estimateResourceConsumptionLocal(
                  OS.getCurrent(),
                  getLinkCommandLine().getLinkerInputArtifacts().memoizedFlattenAndGetSize()));
    } catch (CommandLineExpansionException e) {
      String message =
          String.format(
              "failed to generate link command for rule '%s: %s",
              getOwner().getLabel(), e.getMessage());
      DetailedExitCode code = createDetailedExitCode(message, Code.COMMAND_GENERATION_FAILURE);
      throw new ActionExecutionException(message, this, /*catastrophe=*/ false, code);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public ExtraActionInfo.Builder getExtraActionInfo(ActionKeyContext actionKeyContext)
      throws CommandLineExpansionException, InterruptedException {
    // The uses of getLinkConfiguration in this method may not be consistent with the computed key.
    // I.e., this may be incrementally incorrect.
    CppLinkInfo.Builder info = CppLinkInfo.newBuilder();
    info.addAllInputFile(
        Artifact.toExecPaths(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkerInputArtifacts().toList()));
    info.setOutputFile(getPrimaryOutput().getExecPathString());
    if (interfaceOutputLibrary != null) {
      info.setInterfaceOutputFile(interfaceOutputLibrary.getArtifact().getExecPathString());
    }
    info.setLinkTargetType(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkTargetType().name());
    info.setLinkStaticness(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkingMode().name());
    info.addAllLinkStamp(Artifact.toExecPaths(getLinkstampObjects()));
    info.addAllBuildInfoHeaderArtifact(Artifact.toExecPaths(getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts()));
    info.addAllLinkOpt(getLinkCommandLine().getRawLinkArgv(null));

    try {
      return super.getExtraActionInfo(actionKeyContext)
          .setExtension(CppLinkInfo.cppLinkInfo, info.build());
    } catch (CommandLineExpansionException e) {
      throw new AssertionError("CppLinkAction command line expansion cannot fail.");
    }
  }

  /** Returns the (ordered, immutable) list of header files that contain build info. */
  public Iterable<Artifact> getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts() {
    return linkCommandLine.getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts();
  }

  @Override
  protected void computeKey(
      ActionKeyContext actionKeyContext,
      @Nullable Artifact.ArtifactExpander artifactExpander,
      Fingerprint fp)
      throws CommandLineExpansionException {
    fp.addString(LINK_GUID);
    fp.addString(ldExecutable.getPathString());
    fp.addStrings(linkCommandLine.arguments());
    fp.addStringMap(toolchainEnv);
    fp.addStrings(getExecutionInfo().keySet());

    // TODO(bazel-team): For correctness, we need to ensure the invariant that all values accessed
    // during the execution phase are also covered by the key. Above, we add the argv to the key,
    // which covers most cases. Unfortunately, the extra action method above also
    // sometimes directly accesses settings from the link configuration that may or may not affect
    // the
    // key. We either need to change the code to cover them in the key computation, or change the
    // LinkConfiguration to disallow the combinations where the value of a setting does not affect
    // the argv.
    fp.addBoolean(linkCommandLine.isNativeDeps());
    fp.addBoolean(linkCommandLine.useTestOnlyFlags());
    if (linkCommandLine.getToolchainLibrariesSolibDir() != null) {
      fp.addPath(linkCommandLine.getToolchainLibrariesSolibDir());
    }
    fp.addBoolean(isLtoIndexing);
  }

  @Override
  public String describeKey() {
    StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
    message.append(getProgressMessage());
    message.append('\n');
    message.append("  Command: ");
    message.append(ShellEscaper.escapeString(linkCommandLine.getLinkerPathString()));
    message.append('\n');
    // Outputting one argument per line makes it easier to diff the results.
    try {
      List<String> arguments = linkCommandLine.arguments();
      for (String argument : ShellEscaper.escapeAll(arguments)) {
        message.append("  Argument: ");
        message.append(argument);
        message.append('\n');
      }
    } catch (CommandLineExpansionException e) {
      message.append("  Could not expand command line: ");
      message.append(e);
      message.append('\n');
    }
    return message.toString();
  }

  @Override
  public String getMnemonic() {
    return mnemonic;
  }

  static String getMnemonic(String mnemonic, boolean isLtoIndexing) {
    if (mnemonic == null) {
      return isLtoIndexing ? "CppLTOIndexing" : "CppLink";
    }
    return mnemonic;
  }

  @Override
  protected String getRawProgressMessage() {
    return (isLtoIndexing ? "LTO indexing " : "Linking ") + linkOutput.prettyPrint();
  }

  /**
   * Estimates resource consumption when this action is executed locally. During investigation we
   * found linear dependency between used memory by action and number of inputs. For memory
   * estimation we are using form C + K * inputs, where C and K selected in such way, that more than
   * 95% of actions used less than C + K * inputs MB of memory during execution.
   */
  public ResourceSet estimateResourceConsumptionLocal(OS os, int inputs) {
    switch (os) {
      case DARWIN:
        return ResourceSet.createWithRamCpu(/* memoryMb= */ 15 + 0.05 * inputs, /* cpuUsage= */ 1);
      case LINUX:
        return ResourceSet.createWithRamCpu(
            /* memoryMb= */ Math.max(50, -100 + 0.1 * inputs), /* cpuUsage= */ 1);
      default:
        return ResourceSet.createWithRamCpu(/* memoryMb= */ 1500 + inputs, /* cpuUsage= */ 1);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public Sequence<String> getStarlarkArgv() throws EvalException {
    try {
      return StarlarkList.immutableCopyOf(getArguments());
    } catch (CommandLineExpansionException ex) {
      throw new EvalException(ex);
    }
  }

  private static DetailedExitCode createDetailedExitCode(String message, Code detailedCode) {
    return DetailedExitCode.of(
        FailureDetail.newBuilder()
            .setMessage(message)
            .setCppLink(CppLink.newBuilder().setCode(detailedCode))
            .build());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Situated in Kutowa in the Podlaskie region, Domek Kutowa has a terrace and garden views. This holiday home features barbecue facilities as well as a garden. With 3 bedrooms, this holiday home features 1 bathroom with a bath and a shower. The accommodation is equipped with a kitchen with an oven and a microwave. Cycling can be enjoyed nearby. Białystok is 47 km from the holiday home.
Please inform Domek Kutowa in advance of your expected arrival time. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly with the contact details provided in your confirmation.


Send us a message. One of our Scotiabank LiveChat agents will get back to you within 60 seconds.
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text:
Q: Matplotlib plotting some characters as blank square I'm working on reading some photos and taking the text with OCR. Now I need to rank the text read into some graph in order to see some pattern. But when I try to plot those texts into a graph, I got blank squares in the place of some characters. I'm sharing a example of what I've done with a script:
This is an example script:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
y = [0,1,2,3]
group_labels = ['77 7 7 7\r\nlfISldI\r\n\r\n',
                'G217\r\nini\r\n\r\n',
                'L519\r\nini\r\n\r\n',
                'QED\r\n\r\n']

ax.set_yticks(y)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=15)
ax.set_yticklabels(group_labels, minor=False)

plt.show()

This is the graph it generates:

My goal is that the graph plotted has the same text as written in the 'group_labels' list.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
#ifndef	_ERR_H
#define	_ERR_H	1

#include <features.h>

#define	__need___va_list
#include <stdarg.h>
#ifndef	__GNUC_VA_LIST
# define __gnuc_va_list	__ptr_t
#endif

__BEGIN_DECLS

/* Print "program: ", FORMAT, ": ", the standard error string for errno,
   and a newline, on stderr.  */
extern void warn (const char *__format, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 1, 2)));
extern void vwarn (const char *__format, __gnuc_va_list)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 1, 0)));

/* Likewise, but without ": " and the standard error string.  */
extern void warnx (const char *__format, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 1, 2)));
extern void vwarnx (const char *__format, __gnuc_va_list)
     __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 1, 0)));

/* Likewise, and then exit with STATUS.  */
extern void err (int __status, const char *__format, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__noreturn__, __format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
extern void verr (int __status, const char *__format, __gnuc_va_list)
     __attribute__ ((__noreturn__, __format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
extern void errx (int __status, const char *__format, ...)
     __attribute__ ((__noreturn__, __format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
extern void verrx (int __status, const char *, __gnuc_va_list)
     __attribute__ ((__noreturn__, __format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));

__END_DECLS

#endif	/* err.h */


ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2(H)-Oxo-3-substituted-1-benzopyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electrochemical Behavior of Stainless Steels Following Surface Modification in Cerium-Containing Solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Physostigmine from Tryptophan via Alkylative Cyclization.
Bestimmung des Vertex aus 1937 absoluten Sterngeschwindigkeiten.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzhydryldimethylsilyl Allylic Silanes: Syntheses and Applications to [3 + 2] Annulation Reactions.
Does environmental information overcome practice compartmentalisation and change consumers' behaviours?


BOSS Systems serves the entire Hudson Valley with an impressive list of satisfied clients. We entertain the New York State counties of Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Westchester, Columbia, Greene, Putnam, Sullivan, Rockland, and Albany.
BOSS Systems Entertainment. Your wedding DJ in the Hudson Valley.
We do weddings and events that reflect your personality.
We cater to you, your vision, and your needs. Introductions, announcments, and special requests are handled flawlessly. We design a program based on your personal and unique tastes in entertainment, making your event uniquely you.
We are never over the top or in your face. We are professional entertainers providing tasteful fun. We play great music extremely well.


text:
Eduardo Wanderley Melo (São Paulo, 6 de março de 1997) é um ator brasileiro. Ficou conhecido por interpretar Vitor em Malhação Casa Cheia (2013) e Paulinho no filme De Pernas pro Ar 2 (2012) e De Pernas pro Ar 3 (2019).

Carreira
No cinema atuou no curta metragem de Daniel Ribeiro Café com Leite (2006), como Lucas; no filme Pimenta (2009) e no filme Cegueiras. Em dezembro de 2006 participou do especial da Rede Globo, Por Toda Minha Vida em homenagem a Elis Regina. Na televisão fez a sua primeira novela da Rede Globo, A Favorita de João Emanuel Carneiro, como Domenico em 2008. No teatro, fez sua estreia na peça Alice no País das Maravilhas como Coelho Branco. Eduardo também estrelou comerciais das empresas O Boticário, Mabel, Claro, Avon, Caixa e Pajero (Mitsubishi). Em outubro 2008 venceu o quadro Dança das Crianças do Domingão do Faustão na Rede Globo.

Em julho de 2011 fez uma participação na segunda versão novela O Astro, exibida pela Rede Globo. Na novela, Eduardo interpretou Alan, filho de Herculano Quintanilha, interpretado por Rodrigo Lombardi. Em 2014 Eduardo passou a estrelar o musical Meninos e Meninas, que estreou dia 21 de junho de 2014. Ficou 1 ano em cartaz no Teatro das Artes, na Gávea, Rio de Janeiro. Em 30 de outubro de 2015 iniciou, no Rio de Janeiro, a turnê com a peça-série Na Pista, que ainda visitou as cidades de Balneário Camboriú, Florianópolis e Curitiba. Lior na novela O Rico e Lázaro na Record tv

Filmografia

Televisão

Cinema

Teatro

Premios e Indicações
 Vencedor do Troféu Menina de Ouro de Melhor Ator no 1° Festival Paulínia de Cinema
 Vencedor do Prêmio de Revelação no II For Rainbow
 Vencedor do Prêmio Contigo! 2008 como melhor ator infantil
 Vencedor do Prêmio Extra de Televisão 2008 como melhor ator/atriz mirim
 Indicado ao prêmio Melhores do Ano 2008 do Domingão do Faustão - ator/atriz mirim (2° colocado)
 Vencedor do Prêmio de melhor ator do Festival de Fortaleza

Ligações externas

 Eduardo Mello no Twitter
 Eduardo Mello no Instagram

Naturais da cidade de São Paulo
Atores do estado de São Paulo
Atores do Brasil
Atores de televisão do Brasil
Prêmio Extra de Televisão de melhor ator ou atriz mirim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Photographer Mike Slack lives and works in Los Angeles, and the images in this book were primarily made in the American south-west. They are concise and direct, yet driven by an emotional ambivalence that hovers between stark environmental dread and calm intimate reverie. Slack surveys an overheated terrestrial ecosystem, offering a luminous topography of monumental details and mundane vistas. Transcendental in mood, his vaguely sci-fi photographs envision a sun-blasted wilderness of synthetic and organic stuff, flourishing and disintegrating on its own terms, as if engaged in an ageless negotiation just beyond our grasp. Where does nature end and its opposite begin?
French multimedia artist Thomas Mailaender's body of work is funny, offbeat, and darkly humorous. His focus often lies in documenting and addressing the strangeness of modern society, through what might otherwise be insignificant, incidentally farcical moments. 'Parental Advisory' is Mailaender's sixth booklet of images collected from the Internet. For its subject he compiled a series of tragicomic and nail-biting, potentially hazardous situations involving parents and their children. We cringe at the sight of a child without a car seat, dangled by the ankles above raccoons, or tumbling headfirst. But we also smile smugly as a mom looks at her smartphone instead of her newborn baby.
For his latest project, photographer Yann Audic explores Japan from the perspective of the outsider, mainly focusing on extraordinary banality, everyday things, and the commonplace. Describing himself as a "hunter" in pursuit of the "exotic ordinary" and "ecstatic normality" that so readily distinguish the cultural geography of Japan, Audic finds himself in urban settings and natural landscapes alike, his lens framing everything from street scenes and forgotten urban corners to picturesque natural scenes, intimate portraits, and snapshots of people at work and play in the city. The series presents a delicate vision of a place bathed in soft light and gentle colours.
French photographer Chantal Stoman was invited to Cambodia for an artist-in-residence programme in 2016. She spent her time there wandering around Phnom Penh, letting the new sensations of the capital city overwhelm her. This photobook recollects her experience, allowing us to imagine ourselves strolling through the city's streets. Moreover, it offers a testimony of an identity. As Stoman writes in her foreword, "With these images, I mostly wanted to render the sense of pride and emotion of ordinary people". The unique charm of Phnom Penh derives from a feeling where past and present collide, captured in Stoman's casual, black-and-white street photography.
Photographed primarily in the higher elevations of Switzerland by Samuel Hoppe, the sweeping, panoramic images in this limited edition publication capture the spirit of the mountains. Whether he chooses colour or black and white, what attracts him is the ferocity that unquestioningly defines a mountain as both a slow triumph and a paradoxical force. As Jean-Christophe Bailly writes in his text, Hoppe invites us to "cross and revisit an architectonic enchantment, a maelstrom of forms still in formation, and a journey through light". Glaciers, rocky slopes, high-altitude lakes, and monumental peaks are gathered together in a sublime survey of breathtaking, expertly framed shots.
'Nucleus' is the 24th edition of the international Nooderlicht Photo Festival, which focuses on science and its representation by independent photographers and artists. It deals with the human need to understand the world around us – the curiosity that compels us to engage with the attraction of the unknown and a desire to comprehend it. This book gathers the work of 74 artists from 26 nations, all fascinated by science's many manifestations and interests. Visual artists, acting as a mirror to society, are now more than ever using science as a field of research and source of inspiration. With Liam Young, Beatrice Pediconi, Caleb Charland, Wanuri Kahiu, and many more.
This is the first international monograph of the photographs of John Williams (Sydney 1933 – 2016 Hobart) whose work, outside his own country, remains undiscovered. Inspired to take up photography by "The Family of Man" exhibition which went to Sydney in 1959, Williams was, from the outset, a street photographer in the strict sense: he walked the streets at random, waiting for the right moment to press the button of his already prepared camera. Besides amounting a mass of photographs, he established one of the first photography galleries in Australia and was the first Head of Photography at Sydney College of the Arts.


The Music and the Spoken Word broadcast airs live via TV, radio, and internet stream on Sunday at 9:30 a.m. mountain daylight time. For information on other airtimes, visit "Airing Schedules" at musicandthespokenword.org.
1 On the CD America's Choir and in the CD set Anniversary Collection.
2 On the CD Teach Me to Walk in the Light and in the CD set The Missionary Collection.
Too many people feel alone, figuratively wandering in the night. They search for purpose, meaning, and connection. They long to love and be loved, to help and be helped. Often their wandering is more desperate because they fell they don't deserve love or help. Perhaps they've made poor choices or haven't lived up to expectations–their own or others'.
In Victor Hugo's beloved classic Les Misérables, Jean Valjean is imprisoned for stealing a loaf of bread. He is finally released after 19 years, but because of his criminal record, no one is willing to trust Valjean with employment or housing–or even a friendly world. Disheartened, he finally goes to a cathedral where he is offered a meal and a place to sleep.
Don't we all find ourselves in need of help that we don't necessarily deserve? Aren't we all beneficiaries of unearned favors? Certainly, everyone falls short and needs forgiveness. In those moments when we fear that our mistakes have put peace and joy forever out of reach, we can turn heavenward and find what 18th-century hymnist Charles Wesley called "love divine, all loves excelling." God's love is "pure, unbounded love,"2 and He grants it not because we are strong but because we need strength, not because we are good but because He is good.
1. See Victor Hugo, Les misérables, trans. Christine Donougher (2013), 91-99.
2. "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling," Hymns of Faith (1980), no. 56.
3. "Love Divine, All Loves Excelling," no 56.


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Chase Bank's Ultimate Rewards (UR) is was one of the better miles currencies to have thanks to some pretty good transfer parters. However, there has been some developments that have greatly diminished the utility of URs. The major development was back in May when Chase began denying applications if you have had 5 new account (any bank!) openings in the last 24 months, aka the 5/24 rule. I just did my first major App-o-Rama since we bought our house and I have a positive data point to report on the 5/24 rule.
I just finished buying/selling a house. So in the last 18 to 24 months I have taken it easy on the rewards card front. In last 24 months I have 4 maybe 5 new accounts. 5 if you count upgrading Hilton Amex to Surpass.
CSR: Sure, what is your SSN?
CSR: Let me put you on hold and take a look at your application.
Me: [trying to contain my shock] oh great thank you. What about the British Airways card? I applied for the business card as well as the BA card?
CSR: Yes, so that was denied because of the multiple applications.
Me: Ok, I didn't realize you could not apply for a business card and a personal card at the same time.
Long story short, the BA card was also approved by moving credit lines. But I was utterly shocked at the INK card not only being approved but not having to answer any questions about the business. Based on the horror stories I have read recently with Chase I figured a person to person call was a lost cause. I do have a legit business but the revenue is about $1k per month so nothing major. With the 4 or 5 accounts in last 24 months I did not have much hope. Anyway, turned out to be one of the easiest recon calls ever.


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Daily Current Affairs 10 January 2018
Daily Current Affairs 10 January 2018: Your guide for daily General Knowledge Preparation
This post contains important current affairs of 10 January 2018. It includes all Major National, International, Business and Sports related current affairs of 10 January 2018. A brief explanation of every current affair is provided to further enhance your general knowledge. Once you have gone through these current affairs we would recommend to you to try 10 January 2018 Current affairs test.
1.First sanitary napkin vending machine to be set up at railway station.
Bhopal railway station has become the first railway station to have sanitary napkin vending machine.
This machine is named as "Happy Nari" and is installed by the Railway Women Welfare Association of Bhopal.
2.Indigo rated as 4th most punctual 'mega carrier' in the world.
A travel analyst firm OAG in an annual review rated Indigo as the world's fourth most punctual 'mega carrier'.
The list was topped by Japan Airlines with on-time performance(OTP) of 85.27%.
3.1.5 lakh tonnes e-waste per year to be generated by Delhi by 2020.
An industry body Assocham has said that, Delhi NCR will likely generate 1.5 lakh tonnes of e-waste.
E-waste contain toxic substances like lead. India has limited awareness regarding disposal of the e-waste.
4.Govt has asked to avoid plastic flags as they are not bio-degradable.
An advisory has been issued by Home Ministry against usage of plastic flags as they are not bio-degradable and their proper disposal with dignity is a practical problem.
An advisory also said that paper flags are not discarded and they should be disposed in private, consistent with the flag's dignity.
1.An earthquake of magnitude 7.6 hit the Caribbean Sea.
7.6 magnitude earthquake hit islands belonging to Honduras in the Caribbean Sea.
A tsunami advisory was earlier issued after the earthquake but was later retracted as subsequent model forecasts indicated no tsunami threat to the region.
2.Bangladeshi Court upheld ban of marriage between its citizens and Rohingyas.
Bangladeshi Court upheld the govt ruling banning marriage marriage between Bangladeshis and Myanmar's Rohingya refugees.
Bangladesh banned marriages with Rohingyas in 2014.
3.US president Trump named as world's most oppressive leader towards press freedom.
New York-based non-profit organization committee to Protect journalists has named Trump as most oppressive leader.
Chinese president Xi Jinping was named the highest on "Tightest Grip on Media" .
4.Indian man loses naturalized citizenship under Trump.
An Indian-origin man Baljinder Singh has become the first person to lose naturalized US citizenship under Donald Trump administration.
According to the US Justice Dept, he arrived in 1991 without any travel documents or proof identity and dodged a deportation order in 1992.
1.PhonePe signed a deal with FreeCharge.
PhonePe, Flipkart's payments arm, has inked a pact with mobile wallet company FreeCharge to allow the latter's customers pay for transactions at PhonePe's partner merchants.
CEO of FreeCharge is Sangram Singh and it is owned by Axis Bank.
2.PNB and NSFDC tied up for assisting SC families.
Punjab National Bank(PNB) and National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation(NSFDC) tied up to provide financial assistance for economic empowerment of persons belonging to SC families living below Double Poverty Line.
PNB would act as a channelising agent for the loan schemes of NSFDC.
3.7.3% Growth rate for India is projected by World Bank in 2018.
World Bank has projected 7.3% growth rate in 2018 and 7.55 for the next two years.
India's economy is estimated to have grown at 6.7% in 2017.
1.First ever 'Baby Olympics' likely to be hosted by Bahrain.
Bahrain has announced plans to host the first-ever Baby Olympics where 2-4 year old will take part in the games in April.
This move is aimed at creating awareness among youngsters to practice sport.
2.Aanchal Thakur won Bronze medal in skiing.
Aanchal Thakur won India's first ever International medal in skiing.
She bagged bronze medal in the coveted Alpine Ejder 3200 Cup. The championship was organized by the Federation Internationale de Ski, in Erzurum, Turkey.
Try some Quiz Questions now: Current Affairs Quiz, 10 January
Daily Current Affairs: January 1
Daily Current Affairs: January 10

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Alex John London, PhD., is Professor of Philosophy and Director of The Center for Ethics and Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. An elected Fellow of the Hastings Center, his research focuses on foundational ethical issues in human-subjects research, issues of social justice in the trans-national context, and methodological issues in theoretical and applied ethics. His papers have appeared in Science, The Lancet, PLoS Medicine, Statistics In Medicine, The Hastings Center Report, and numerous other journals and collections. He is co-editor of Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, one of the most widely used textbooks in medical ethics, and has been commissioned to write papers for the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Institute of Medicine. Since 2007 he has served as a member of the Ethics Working Group of the HIV Prevention Trials Network and in 2011 he was appointed to the Steering Committee on Forensic Science Programs for the International Commission on Missing Persons. He has testified before the U.S. Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and served as an ethics expert in consultations with the World Health Organization, the World Medical Association, the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the World Bank.


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Богдихан, або Богдохан ( — священний хан) — титул китайських імператорів, який вживався з 13 століття після встановлення в Китаї монгольської династії.

У 1911—1924 роках також світський титул голови ламаїстської буддійської церкви в Монголії, Богдо-хана.

Примітки

Література
 Богдыхан  // Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — 3-е изд. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1969—1978.

Середньовічний Китай
Титули у Східній Азії


If you want to copy and distribute extracts from other people's published content, you do not always have to seek the copyright owner's permission every time. In many cases, this would be impractical and inefficient.
What is the Copyright Licensing Agency?
The CLA was established in 1983 and is owned by the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society Limited (ALCS) and the Publishers' Licensing Society Limited (PLS) and performs collective licensing on their behalf. The Design and Artists Copyright Society Limited (DACS) and the Picture Industry Collecting Society for Effective Licensing (PICSEL) are also member organisations of the CLA which can, therefore, now issue licenses on their behalf.
What is a Copyright Licence?
Section 116(3) of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1998 defines a copyright licence as a licence to do or to authorise to do any of the acts restricted to the owner of the copyright.
The CLA is authorised by authors, artists and visual creators to issue collective licenses which allow copying from books, journals and magazines within certain limits and subject to various exclusions.
The CLA issues blanket licences to organisations. These licences are issued on an annual basis and are subject to an annual licence fee which covers copyrighted material throughout the year. This means the licensee can copy as much as they wish throughout the year, subject to the terms and conditions of their licence. These licences include an indemnity from the CLA for all copying done within the terms and conditions of the licence.
Licensing schemes are suitable where there are a large number of publishers whose works are copied. The CLA has applied for extended collective licensing which would enable licensing bodies who represent a significant number of rightsholders belonging to the same class, to extend their licences to cover unrepresented rightsholders in the same class.
Does my Company need a copyright licence?
If your organisation copies, prints or distributes entire or parts of work which are copyrighted, without the direct permission from the copyright owner or a licensing authority, you will be breaking the law.
The CLA provides free online risk assessments which it is recommended you undertake if you believe you could be breaching copyright.
The Copyright Tribunal resolves commercial licensing disputes between copyright owners (or their collecting societies), and those who use copyrighted material in their business. If an individual has applied for a copyright licence in relation to a work which is available through a copyright licensing scheme, but the operator of that scheme has refused the application (or failed to do so in a reasonable time), they can apply to the Tribunal.
In the music industry, when a musical work is released it is usually the case that the work is owned by the record company under contractual terms between the artist and the record company. If an individual wishes to use extracts or samples from the work of a specific artist, they will be liable to pay the record company for the use of the work.
In all other cases, it may be necessary to contact either the producers or the UK distributors to gain appropriate licensing for films.


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Sibel – Interview
By londonfilmweek December 27, 2018 December 28th, 2018 No Comments
Sibel, a tale of female empowerment in Turkey's Black Sea remote region
Interview by Eugénie Malinjod, for London Film Week, on 6 December 2018
with Cagla Zencirci and Guillaume Giovanetti (both directors) and Damla Sönmez (main actress)
Turkish-French directors Çağla Zencirci and Guillaume Giovanetti explore the topic of exclusion and our relationship to the "Other" in their latest collaboration Sibel, a drama starring Dalma Sönmez. Winner of the FIPRESCI International Critics' Prize at the Locarno International Film Festival, Sibel is a tale of female empowerment that recounts the story of a 25-year-old mute woman living as an outcast in a remote mountain village near Turkey's Black Sea, who finds her true voice when she encounters a helpless and mysterious injured fugitive. On the occasion of the film's UK Premiere at London Film Week last night, directors Çağla Zencirci, Guillaume Giovanetti and actress Damla Sömnez shared the secrets behind the scenes of Sibel.
Where did the idea of Sibel come from?
Çağla Zencirci: We were first interested in the whistling language, which we read about in a book thirteen years ago. Therefore, we decided to go explore the Turkish Black Sea area. When we arrived there, we realised the language still existed and people were still speaking it.
Guillaume Giovanetti: At the same time, we found out that this language is endangered due to technology and the young generation who cannot speak it well. As we were sitting in a café there, we came across this woman who entered the village whistling. Whilst people were answering her in Turkish, she kept on whistling and that's how we got the idea of making Sibel.
How did you proceed to shoot the film?
C.Z.: We spent a lot of time observing how people live in the village. We met with the women of the area, we stayed at the mayor's house, which is actually Sibel's house in the film.
G.G.: The idea was to get really familiar with these people, for the audience to believe Damla was one of them, that she was born and raised in this village too.
Sibel is clearly an outcast. What does she embody in this conservative village, compared to the others?
Damla Sömnez: When I first read the script, I was a bit frightened and at the same time, I felt very similar to her. She represents some parts that we all have in us: the ones that want to be ourselves even more, the ones that seek to behave according to who we truly are and not to predefined social norms. Even though she appears to be different, she is a character everyone can identify to.
Can you share a few words about your actress Damla? How did you first find her?
C.Z.: We only worked with non-professional actors in our previous films. For Sibel, we really wanted to have professional actors on board. Damla immediately came to our mind to interpret Sibel.
G.G.: My grandmother was actually a fan of Damla, she was watching her on TV and following her work. After looking at her, it quickly became obvious that she was the one we wanted to work with.
Damla, how did you prepare yourself for the role?
D.S.: I met Çağla and Guillaume two and half years before shooting the film. At that time, the script was only five sentences long. It was just about this woman who is mute and who finds her own strength, who she really is through the narrative. You don't often come across that many strong human stories so I immediately knew I wanted to be part of the project. The only issue was that I did not know how to whistle at all. As Çağla and Guillaume were writing the script, I was working on the whistling. However, the learning process became really intense just three months before the actual shooting. I had a professional teacher helping me, I stayed in the village to get familiar with its inhabitants and I spent a lot of time working in the fields. The idea was to be immersed and to experience the daily life in the village.
Can you tell us more about Ali? What effects does he have on Sibel?
C.Z.: Ali is another type of outcast. He clearly symbolises the one we don't know, the one we are afraid of. This fear is not only specific to Turkey; it goes beyond borders. Whenever people are afraid of something or when they don't know about someone, they think of it as a threat. They see it as terrorists, migrants, dangerous … Ali embodies all of them just by being unknown to the village. Ali and Sibel both understand each other, without prejudice and without any means of communication, which is capital in the film.
G.G.: Ali brings a new perspective to Sibel, something that she was lacking in life. Sibel has a lot of energy but does not know how to use it and as she is looking for herself, her encounter with Ali actually helps revealing who she really is.
What's your view on Turkish cinema?
C.Z.: Turkey is a really big country with many different layers. The things you see on TV or in the media only represent a small part of Turkey but Turkish cinema is still very active. Of course it is difficult for independent cinema, like everywhere else in the world. There is some kind of independent cinema production going on and we can only hope that more and more women characters will be created because we all need it.
© 2019 London Film Week.
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Eye Patch Day is May 20, 2014.
Show your support for eye cancer patients by wearing an eye patch on this day.
Cancer tumor test says it can identify, with 97% accuracy, whether your ocular melanoma will spread to other parts of your body.
AFTER losing one of his eyes to a rare form of cancer, Ron North is aiming to raise funds – by releasing his own charity single.
Music student Ron (26) was diagnosed with ocular melanoma in June 2009.
A series of treatments failed and he eventually had to have his right eye removed in September last year.
But he is now releasing the single, Do These Words, to raise funds for the Teenage Cancer Trust.


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© Sushi Fuku. All rights reserved.


With more than 15 years of teaching experience within four continents (Asia, Europe, South and North America), is safe to say that Yomar is a very solid instructor that pushes the envelope helping students and participants to find their calligraphic and artistic voices and direction. Currently he is assistant professor at San Diego State University in California and a guest professor at School of Visual Arts in New York City. Previously he was assistant professor at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City and at the Willem de Kooning Academy in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He also ran workshops at BAU Design School in Spain, Anadolu University in Turkey, St Joost Academy in Netherlands, British Higher School of Art & Design in Russia, Escola Superior de Estudos Industrias in Portugal, Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Denmark. He also was a guest professor at Bauhaus University in Germany.


Back in the late 1990s, in my post-college, early New York City days, I was obsessed with a sci-fi / crime TV series called The Pretender. The conceit, though contrived, drew me in: an underground organization had kidnapped a child genius with the prodigious ability to impersonate anyone, and used his powers for their own evildoings. He finally escaped, and spent his adult years both hiding from his captors and using his powers for good rather than for evil.
Imagine Quantum Leap without the time travel and the gender-bending.
It was fascinating to watch the "Pretender" himself, Jarod, do a bit of research - read a manual, surf some websites, examine some diagrams - and then perform surgery, fix a car, fly a plane, whatever, as he took on any number of identities and professions, all while pursuing his real parents, discovering his past, and fighting injustices along the way, disappearing as quickly as he'd arrived.
He was the perfect superhero. He was everybody. And therefore, he was nobody.
It's a dream role for an actor: to lose yourself in a character who loses himself in infinite identities. Who am I this time?
As an actor, you have to be able to do almost anything that gets thrown your way. Can I rollerskate? Of course I can rollerskate. Speak in a Persian accent. Bawk like a chicken. Kiss. Kill.
But good actors who can't get acting work too often waste their impersonating skills on a number of mindless jobs that are merely meant to fill the gaps: bartender, server, sales clerk, maybe copyeditor, housepainter, even real estate agent or cook. One job allows them to bide time until they get the other.
Although I've been an aspiring actor since childhood, I've refused to go the bartender route. I've refused to go camping in the woods in the rain for some NYU student film I'm not getting paid for. I've refused to be a starving artist.
Instead, I've lived my life as an actor, taking on wildly different roles, improvising my way through unpredictable situations, impersonating the people I'm supposed to be.
Am I a classical music expert? No.
Can I sell classical music to the casually curious as a trusted authority? Yes.
Am I an attorney? No.
Can I sue you, get a judgment in my favor, and collect the money I'm owed? Yes.
Draft, redline, and negotiate the best possible contract? Definitely.
Was I trained to do so?...Not exactly.
But I have observed. I've read. I've studied people and their behaviors. I've adopted their language. I know what it means.
Of course I can rollerskate.
This makes my day job resume somewhat confusing to recruiters and potential employers. In a time of specialization, I am a generalist. I can both strategize and execute. I can both create and budget. I can sell sponsorships and services and products. I am digital and physical. Theoretical and tactical. A full-course dinner.
Sometimes I am reticent to take on a job because I don't actually know (yet) how to do it. I don't like to play a game I can't win; I don't like to respond to a question unless I'm certain of a correct answer. But as an actor, you have to be willing to take risks. You have to be willing to just try it. Just try something.
As a pleasant surprise, almost everything I've tried, at least professionally, has worked.
And now I know how to be a meeting facilitator, professionally and officially. I realized I'd very much held that role informally in nearly every meeting I'd ever attended throughout my career - speaking on behalf of the impartial, common goal rather than of my own needs - but its value had never before been acknowledged. Until now, it had never been deemed necessary. I'd never been compensated for it specifically.
When you're acting, there's a moment when the cameras are off, when production has wrapped, when picture has locked, that your job is done. The role is over. You have to go back to being yourself.
But when one of my contracts ends, the project completed, the job done, there's nothing for me to go back to. Only on to the next thing.
On The Pretender, Jarod would always say, "I don't know who I am." He wasn't running away from himself; he was looking for himself.
I think I know who I am. I think I know all these things I am so far, the personalities and job titles and functionalities and capabilities and talents and interests and adventures and exploits that I've mortared together in some crazy folk art mosaic castle of myself.
I just don't know who I'm not. Who will I never be? And when will it stop?


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The Right's Problem with Multiculturalism (and History)
Posted on September 26, 2017 by jeremyhuffer
Multiculturalism has long been one of the right's favorite slurs. It covers so much ground! In one word, conservative culture warriors get to thumb their noses at liberal academic elites and put down minorities. A classic "win-win." This approach is not new to the Trump crowd. Moderate and establishment Republicans have been doing it for decades.
Multiculturalism is not some wild academic fantasy about how we could be a wonderful Kumbya signing country of all races and creeds. Nor is it an insidious plan to make white people feel guilty and convince them to give up Christianity, Confederate monuments, and whatever the hell else conservatives think makes people "white." It is about accepting that in a multi-ethnic state people will have both shared and separate cultural behaviors and norms. Rather than pretend that we are all assimilated into a single culture (the melting pot analogy), people who support the notion of multiculturalism suggest that all of our diversity ads to the richness of our cultural mosaic (or to continue the food analogy, our separate cultures interact like the ingredients in a salad).
Conservatives have been bemoaning "leftist" academia for poisoning the minds of the youth with stuff like multiculturalism for most of the last half-century. In a nutshell, the narrative is that once upon a time history and literature curriculum were "pure." They concentrated on the facts and focused on the great men and works of western civilization. These courses immersed young people and immigrants in the "real" American culture. When schools were like this they were good, students learned a lot, and America had one happy, unified culture. Schools today do not teach students to love America and western values. They use subversive books that included (unnecessary) voices, like those of slaves, women, and immigrants. They don't read the "classics." And students are not as smart or well educated as they were before.
This narrative is pure fantasy. My second masters' thesis and dissertation both tackle these topics. Given how narrow this field is (the history of history education), I can safely claim to be an expert on the subject. History as a professional teaching field in the United States dates back to the mid-19th century. What passed for history instruction in these days was not a list of kings, battles, and important men that made the "west" or the United States but instead was about how conflicts, trade, and cultural exchange created change over time. They stressed a more holistic, global approach to the subject– where early courses concentrated on the rise of civilizations around the world (asking questions like "what were the necessary traits and geographic preconditions"), narrowing to the regions and states the early United States inherited their political, economic, and religious culture from, to the development of our young nation. White, female, Christian women dominated the curriculum development, teacher training, and classroom instruction up through WWI and the narrative they promoted was one part "civilizing mission" and one part a course in cultural pluralism (God's wonderful diversity). This 19th-century civilizing mission in the schools was not just for non-white peoples– indeed, many of these Christian women openly stated the dire need for civilizing white frontiers people through the twin pillars of Protestant Christianity and pluralistic democratic government.
Don't worry, it is totally not racist (or ahistorical) to claim superiority of western civilization! I mean, it only ignores the stability, technological, and economic advantages that China held over the west for thousands of years. Nor does it reconcile with how deeply connected Western cultures were with the Islamic world during the pivotal "Renaissance" period. And don't worry about all that geography stuff that explains how Europeans conquered two continents full of people (but also don't say they intentionally committed genocide). The confusing, nonsensical position of Western Civilization advocates on the right. Note: White Supremacists LOVE this narrative. But it is definitely not racist…
In fact, if you asked a professional historian or history teacher in 1900 how they teach "Western Civilization" they would have stared at you blankly– such courses didn't exist (and the topic would have sounded silly and ahistorical to most of them). It was the result of officers training schools and higher education coming together to devise a course that could explain to Americans why fighting a "World War" in Europe was necessary. That's right, the notion of western civilization– you know, the narrative of individualism, exceptionalism, Protestant Christianity, and democracy from Plato to NATO — that you hold near and dear to your heart was in large part the creation of a government propaganda program! Historians very quickly abandoned this narrative. The emergence of the United States as a global superpower in the 1950s brought an increased focus on global affairs, slowly but inexorably shifting college and high school curriculum from a western civ to a world history model. By the late 90s and early 00s this was basically a fait accompli. The Western Civ course has been largely discarded, having long since outlived its utility.
The narrative is silly in a lot of other obvious ways too. There is no such thing as a classic text. None of the "classics" were considered classics in the 19th or early 20th century (many hadn't been written yet). In fact, critics of the public schools and higher education in the late 19th century bemoaned the fall of Latin and Greek in the schools as a dumbing down of the curriculum that undermined the traditional values of education being replaced by dubious works of American and English literature. Likewise, critics complained about the shifting focus of history. How could textbooks dedicate so much time to more current and parochial conflicts like the American Civil War while glossing over Napoleon? Why is Theodore Roosevelt getting more coverage than Martin Van Buren? Every generation complains that the books they read and the history they concentrated on isn't being covered in the same way. This is inevitable and proper. History and literature are relevant in how they connect to our current world. As it changes (and our research on various areas improves) so too does our curriculum.
Those pesky Irish, monkeying around and refusing to assimilate like the "good" foreigners."
The conflict between "melting pot" and "salad bowl" represents this well. The melting pot myth was never accurate. Slavery is the easiest way to debunk it. Slaves were never assimilated. Nor was there a serious attempt to (indeed, it was illegal to teach many of the necessary "melting pot" skills or knowledge to slaves). Freedmen were treated in much the same way. To believe in the melting pot is to ignore the existence of black Americans.
But it isn't just black Americans who have been left out of the melting pot. The United States has a long and disgusting history of discrimination against Asian people– especially the Chinese. Native Americans were alternately in and out, depending on the region, time, religious/political goals, and tribal conflicts. And plenty of "white" Americans have been excluded at varying times. It doesn't matter if you are German, Irish, Italian, Greek, Polish, Jewish, or Russian, at some point you or your ancestors were not part of the mainstream. Each of these ethnic groups maintains aspects of their culture and adopts pieces from others. This isn't some academic fantasy– it is a blatant, real-world fact that each of us interacts with on a daily basis.
Go grab a slice of pizza. That isn't Italian food. It is Italian-American (and sometimes something else altogether). Sit down at a Tex-Mex and tell me who that belongs to. Every popular modern music genre is blended and borrowed from a variety of cultures. These things were not melted into an existing white, Protestant, male world. They coexist, interact, and sometimes intermingle. And yes, sometimes they come into conflict. They always have.
This quote from David Brooks in the New York Times illustrates how deeply confused conservatives are on the topic:
He (Trump) continually goes after racial matters in part because he's a bigot but also in part because multiculturalism is the theology of the educated class and it's the leverage point he can most effectively use to isolate the educated class from everyone else.
This is the nonsense that the moderate/establishment right has to get over. Multiculturalism as an academic term might be part of the "theology of the educated class," but it is also a historical fact of life in this country. Trump is using the notion that multiculturalism=elitist egghead nonsense as a dog whistle. Conservatives, like Brooks, might not always blow this exact whistle, but they have used multiculturalism as a cudgel with which to beat academia for decades. Blaming the anti-intellectualism that Trump taps into on the educated elites for fighting back is rich. This is a platform the right has tried to tie to the left for years. Now that their own elites have been lumped in things are going south! Who could have predicted that a bigger fraud would turn our own con against us??!
Multiculturalists understand that the United States is a nation made up of people from all over the world. We know that each of us individually has a unique experience and that most of us live in more than one culture. We believe that our differences are important and that ultimately they are net positives. They are the things that make us greater than the sum of our parts. Interacting in a multicultural world requires respect for differences and empathy for others. These are not liberal or educated elitist ideals. They are notions that most Americans agree with. Using multiculturalism as a slur against educated elites and minorities simply denies reality while sowing the seeds of dissension. The key to overcoming Trump's bigotry and healing a divided nation isn't for the educated elite to abandon ideas like multiculturalism. Instead, we need to come together, right and left, to combat the anti-intellectual climate that we've created.
One thought on "The Right's Problem with Multiculturalism (and History)"
Vita says:
I am the child of immigrants (and refugees) from Eastern Europe. Growing up in the McCarthy era, among people heavily influenced by the (then) radical right, I never understood what it meant to be a "real American." I was nearly fifty and ordering some furniture from an Amish carpenter — a quintessential icon of Americana — and I know that this particular man's family has been in North America since before the Revolutionary War — when he spoke to his little girl in Pennsylvania German. He wasn't an exception; go into any big box store here and the Amish are speaking to each other in Pennsylvania German. That's when I finally understood that being a "real American" is contributing to the community by fully being whoever you are. The Mexican grocery stores that reliably stock the best avocados and fantastic chorizo are really American, too. So is the Sudanese grocery where really good tea is sold at a reasonable price. And the Mexican families that pack the middle school auditoriums — so much so that there have to be 2 concerts when there was only 1 when mainly Mennonite kids played in the orchestras — are "real Americans," too, as are the Yemeni girls in headscarves sitting for school photos next to Amish girls in coverings.
Thanks for reminding everyone of this.


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» Newswire: WF Executive Council Session in Toronto
Dear Community Members,
Salaamun Alaykum.
Firstly, I would like to express my condolences to the Imam of our time and to you all this Muharram. I pray all of our amaals are accepted inshAllah. Let us use this beginning of a new year to become closer to Allah and to continue to work at bettering ourselves.
On Saturday 10th October 2015, the Fourth Executive Council meeting (EXCO) of The World Federation term 2014-17 took place in Toronto, Canada. Attendees gathered from both within Canada and around the world. Alhamdullilah, this was the first time in the history of The World Federation that the meeting was paperless – an initiative that not only worked towards reducing our carbon footprint, but also reduced substantial printing and admin effort and costs.
The meeting began with Quranic Reflections by Shaykh Kumail Rajani as well as welcome addresses from the President of ISIJ-Tronto, Br. Shabbir Jeraj, and the President of NASIMCO, Br. Gulamabbas Najafi.
In the World Federation President's address, Dr. Asgar Moledina thanked the ISIJ team and NASIMCO for their efforts in organising the meeting. He touched on some of the work he had personally been involved in over the last few months, including the Yemen Refugee crisis, visits to various Jamaats around the globe and his recent meeting with Ayatullah Sistani in Iraq.
This year, there were two strategic initiatives that we worked towards; one was the work towards Shia engagement with academia and the second on how, as a community, we work on media and external relations.
Sayed Ammar provided more details on the Imam Ali Chair at Hartford Seminary and the work that had been done to date. This will have a significant impact on how Shia Islam is not only taught in educational establishments but also how it is discussed in the media and written about by academics.
Brother Miqdaad's discussion on media and external relations touched on the current situation in the world and the role that Muslims must play. He touched on the importance of external relations and how unity plays a key role in this issue. He went on to say that it was important the Muslim community built relationships with the wider society in order to increase credibility. This can happen through engaging politically and making ourselves known in the wider public. It is intended inshAllah that more work will be done on this area over the course of the term through the media team.
The Yemen Crisis is a generational crisis in the history of The World Federation. Councillor Shan-E-Abbas Hassam provided an update to all attendees through a video message followed by a question and answer session. This was discussed at great length, with the focus being the progress that had been made to date to resettle the 456 members of the Khoja community who have moved from Yemen to Djibouti. Alhamdullilah, a small number of these families have now been resettled elsewhere, including Pakistan, Iraq and Malaysia, while work is on-going for the remaining families.
In addition to the work being done in Yemen, The World Federation continues relief work in various countries for many different causes. For example, The Europe Refugee Crisis Appeal is one of our most current appeals where we worked with Council of European Jamaats and other partners to provide aid to the thousands of refugees who are coming into Europe from countries including Syria. This video was shown, which featured our volunteers in Greece who were assisting the refugees. Other updates with regard to International Relief and Development included the building of 130 water pumps in Pakistan, a mass-marriage programme, homes built in Pakistan and many more.
Sheikh Komail Rajani, head of Islamic Education, spoke about the incredibly successful Madinah and Bab courses, which had its highest turnout ever this year, mashAllah. The Shia Wills project is intended to provide a service to assist community members to make their wills in line with Islamic law. This is a project worked on by The World Federation, Councl of European Jamaats and Africa Federation. Future projects within the Islamic Education department include Islamic Ted-style Talks and Islamic learning e-courses with the view of increasing the depth of understanding of the madhab for our global community.
On Community Affairs, we explained focus of the term for Community Affairs would be on areas such as volunteerism, working on challenges facing marriageable men and women of the community, social challenges, and greater engagement with the community. Reza Hooda, Honorary Treasurer, spoke about two projects which are launching soon; the Khoja Business Directory, which connects Khoja businesses globally and the Khums App where people can calculate, keep track of, and pay their Khums obligations regularly.
Anisa Kanji spoke about how to better the communications and marketing through use of various social networks such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and Snapchat as well as articles and published work. This includes the launch of a new website and a new marketing strategy which will be presented at the next meeting inshAllah.
Naushad Mehrali, head of the Madressah centre of Excellence presented an update with regard to the new curriculum which is being created. There is also greater focus on teacher training to ensure the people teaching the students are well equipped and qualified to do so. 179 teachers were trained from 9 programs and currently, work and evaluation is being done on the modules to better suit students as time goes on. Future endeavours include teaching guides for each lesson, incorporating apps and online tools and paperless initiatives for Madressa resources, as well as E-learning to cater to all students.
Reza Hooda presented a concise summary of the WF's income and expenditure for the year to date. Whilst overall income has increased to fund projects such as; Iraq for the displaced refugees, widows and orphans; needs for Syrian refugees in camps and around Europe; our community refugees from Yemen, a lot more is required to be able to meet the challenges and funding requirements of these noble causes. Furthermore he highlighted how our Khums funding has been in decline and urged councillors to encourage members from our community to channel their Khums monies via their jamaats to ultimately the WF. These Khums monies are then used to fund Islamic education projects such as the huge MCE programme that will transform our Madaris and education delivered to our children across our Global communities.
For future sustainability Reza Hooda advised that investments had been made of £1.5m from the foundation fund to generate income for funding the support costs of the organisation However more funding is required to the Foundation Fund to reach the target of £6m for full sustainability.
The day was overall very successful, greatly due to the incredible hard work from ISI Jamaat of Toronto. We are very grateful to all those involved for helping to make the events run smoothly. More pictures from the event can be seen on our website.
The meeting showcased a lot of the great work being done by the many people involved in The World Federation. We are working on many different projects in the future and are creating new and innovative ways to serve our community globally.
Kumail Manji


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End Brexit protocol row to land US steel deal, Boris Johnson urged
Host of former Northern Ireland secretaries from across UK political divide call for action if Britain wants trade tariffs junked.
Biden has been refusing to negotiate with the UK over steel tariffs despite doing a deal with the EU on the same issue | Brendan Smialowski/AFP via Getty Images
December 17, 2021	4:00 am
LONDON — Three of Britain's former Northern Ireland secretaries are warning Prime Minister Boris Johnson to sort out the wrangling over Brexit or continue to be snubbed by Joe Biden on steel tariffs.
Ex-Cabinet ministers from across the political divide urged the prime minister to take heed of his U.S. counterpart's protective approach to Northern Ireland, which faces turmoil over its post-Brexit trade arrangements.
Biden has been refusing to negotiate with Britain over punishing Donald Trump-era steel and aluminum tariffs despite doing a deal with the EU on the issue. Reports suggest he is also preparing to talk to Japan, which wants its own agreement.
Meanwhile, the Protocol was agreed in the Brexit deal to avoid a politically-sensitive hard border between Northern Ireland, part of the U.K., and the Irish Republic, an EU member state.
But Britain has been pressing for changes, arguing the arrangement is disrupting business and exacerbating sectarian tension. The EU has said it is open to technical tweaks, but reiterated that the arrangement is needed to protect its single market.
The U.K. government insists the Protocol and the steel issues are not linked. But a U.S. memo leaked to the Financial Times last month said Washington was unwilling to discuss the steel matter until the Northern Irish protocol negotiations are concluded. It is clear the U.S. is not in a rush to resolve the issue.
There are also concerns that U.K. government moves to end prosecutions linked to "the Troubles" — the long and bloody conflict between unionists and Irish republicans — are another aggravating factor in Washington.
"No.10 [Downing Street] should not underestimate Biden's commitment to Northern Ireland," Peter Mandelson, a former Northern Ireland secretary during the New Labour era, told POLITICO. "If Johnson jeopardizes stability and the upholding of treaty obligations this will have systemic repercussions for the U.S.-U.K. relationship."
Paul Murphy, who also served in the job under Tony Blair, declared: "The sooner we can resolve the issue with the Protocol, the sooner we can resolve the issue on trade." He argued there had been "too much megaphone diplomacy" on the Protocol issue and "it needs a proper resolution and prime ministerial intervention."
Julian Smith, who was the first Cabinet minister to serve in the Northern Ireland Office under Johnson, said on Twitter that resolving the Northern Ireland protocol issue "ASAP and in a balanced way will unlock a lot of U.S. issues."
A fourth former Northern Ireland Secretary, Theresa Villiers, insisted the U.K. needed to explain to Washington that the Protocol, which has drawn an effective trade border between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, must be renegotiated to protect the peace deal.
"The Americans have a longstanding interest in the Belfast Agreement, but maintaining the Protocol is undermining that agreement because it has changed the status of Northern Ireland in the UK, without the consent of the people," she said.
"The U.K. Government needs to engage closely and actively with Washington to explain why changing the Protocol is needed to maintain the integrity of the Belfast Agreement."
More from ... Emilio Casalicchio
UK warns Russia that Ukraine invasion would lead to 'quagmire'
Moscow at risk of making 'a massive strategic mistake' if it invades Ukraine, British foreign secretary said.
Biden initiates fervently sought steel talks with UK
The negotiations to ease tariffs on U.K. steel and aluminum come as the administration continues to unwind Trump-era trade policies.
Slovenia to bolster trade ties with Taiwan, wading into row with China
Prime Minister Janez Janša says Beijing's 'ridiculous' response to Lithuania won't deter his own country.
Tory MPs condemn UK plan to use navy to deter Channel migrants
UK government told use of navy will not dissuade migrants from crossing the Channel.
By Cristina Gallardo
By Steven Overly
By Stuart Lau
Aluminum	Borders	Brexit	Business and competition	Commitments	Diplomacy	Negotiations	Single Market	Stability	Steel	Tariffs	Trade
Ireland	Japan	Northern Ireland	United Kingdom	United States
Boris Johnson	Donald Trump	Joe Biden	Julian Smith	Peter Mandelson	Theresa Villiers	Tony Blair


Autistic advocate and writer, Leo Capella, reviews the first episode of The A Word, and shares his perspective on autism in television.
When it comes to depicting disabilities on television and film a lot of veteran disability/neurodiversity activists and self-advocates tend to be naturally rather wary.
Granted there are quite a few good films and programmes out there: The IT Crowd, Life Animated, The Autistic Gardener to name but a few. But there's also a lot that trigger the inner Black Mamba (or Great White Shark) in activists, for example The Undateables, which is loved and loathed by disabled people, as well as Atypical which also reportedly gets cheers and hisses in equal measure.
Do the cast and crew know what kind of (contested) territory they've stepped into?
And is the show good in its own right?
In the workshop and the interesting panel discussion that followed it, the main headline was that there's a wave forming of actors and writers with disabilities, which is something confirmed by other events. I went into the workshop with Peter Bowker expecting to find it attended with only autistic writers, of which there are a few around. Maybe I didn't read my briefing notes carefully enough as the room was packed full of people with different disabilities!
After all, this isn't Peter Bowker's first stint when it comes to depicting disability in TV. He's written shows that I've infuriatingly missed including Flesh and Blood as well as Marvellous which we saw excerpts of during the workshop. All of which were very interesting, and it was a good to get an insight into a non-disabled writer's depiction of disability as well as the impact on him and the cast and crew, for instance the friendships made.
And then it came parts of The A Word itself. I winced at its premise of a child on the spectrum being used as a sort of lens or focus point to view a family with. It seemed close to the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time which gives its non autistic characters somewhat more depth than its protagonist, which you'd like to think we've moved on from, given that book came out over ten years ago. However, the way that it was presented of a family who can't communicate around a person that has communication difficulties made some sense.
There was also a cheer when the room found out that an autistic actor was actually playing a new autistic character in a television programme, in this case The A Word. Given this and the BBC are committed to The A Word over the long term, I wonder if autistic writers will come to work on it?
As for the first episode of The A Word itself. I preferred the family drama over the scenes with Joe (No offence to Max Vento, who does a decent job playing him). In fact it was interesting seeing those little discussions that the parents had, as I wondered how many of those discussions my own parents had about me sotto voce. As for Joe's scenes I identified with his own initial reaction but thought there were more parallels with my own experiences as a teenager just as much as there were as a kid. Otherwise, I thought the show was really funny bordering on being slapstick with Maurice played by Christopher Ecclestone being a case in point.
The one word that struck me throughout the episode though was: possibilities. There is a rich strain of possibilities in the first episode which I hope is explored through the series. For instance, the introduction of Travis played by someone on the autistic spectrum was handled well enough and had a nice use of echolalia or rather people on the spectrum repeating what a person has said to make sure they've understood them. It'll be interesting to see how he develops as a character, after all an awkward start with seemingly socially "awkward" people doesn't equal an unintelligent person, especially when it comes to eye contact.
Also it's important to note at that no time did I feel the urge to rush out of the cinema or shut my eyes, something which given that I don't really own my experiences of childhood is something rather good. In fact, the only thing that really made me wince while watching the episode was when Joe's parents played by discussed how to describe autism to him, using outdated puzzle piece imagery, particularly given that the autism communities are moving away from using it. I hope this imagery is dissected (in fact feasted on!) later down the line, whether in this series or a later one.
In the Q and A session afterwards with cast and crew members it was good to know that not only had Peter Bowker worked with autistic children, Greg McHugh who plays Eddie Scott had worked with autistic kids before acting in The A Word. So the background amongst the actors was there and they were willing to learn about the area they had come into, whether through going to events by other organisations etc. Other actors like Lee Ingleby approached it as an actor but increased their own knowledge and felt honoured to be part of a show that opened up a conversation.
We've been asking for your reviews of The A Word. You can read Matt Davis' review of episode one here.
You can find out more about our work with TV production companies here.


Age one of several important factors in making deworming decisions, says specialist.
Scientific methods help with needle shyness and getting horses to enter examination stocks.
Louisiana State University reports on research that led to pergolide's approval for treating Cushing's.
New badge aims to teach members about modern worming strategies.
Expert challenges view that equine melanomas are slow-growing and of little consequence.
Laminitis: why do triggers "target" the feet?
Why are the digital laminae the "target" tissue in horses for sepsis, EMS and Cushing's?
No vaccine or treatment exists for EIA, an infectious and potentially fatal viral disease.
Genetic research paves way for vaccine against Rhodococcus equi.
Long-sought bolting gene identified by German and Swedish research groups.
What happens when a horse suffers from exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH)?
What is Equine motor neuron disease?
EMD is a relatively new condition that affects a horse's nervous and muscular systems.
Australasian researchers identify weather factors that affect equine influenza's spread.
Swallowing wire caused spleen problems that proved fatal for a horse, say researchers.
Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that affects mostly cattle, horses, and swine.
Hendra virus was first isolated in 1994 following an outbreak in a racing stable.
This valuable volume can rightly be considered 'the bible' on horse feeding and nutrition.
Gluten sensitivity could be behind some horse bowel issues, researchers report.
Study shows hungry horses can eat wood-shaving bedding, previously thought unpalatable.
African Horse Sickness – what is it?
AHS a Bluetongue virus variant transmitted to horses by Culicoides species midges.


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India is now the world's fastest growing major economy. To sustain this pace, startups and entrepreneurs both have a crucial role to play. When entrepreneurs thrive, they create new value, hire people and can contribute exponentially to economic growth.
For an entrepreneur, there is no better place than India, with the current macroeconomic policy, demographic demand and economies of extreme scale fueling a startup nation. However, the process from ideation to implementation is often an arduous journey and being part of the right network or having access to the right mentors can make all the difference.
New venture accelerators are the classrooms of the future where young entrepreneurs can be mentored and nurtured to be the business leaders of tomorrow.
As part of our vision to create bigger startups faster, we run a Creative Acceleration program at the school to search out young entrepreneurial design-led businesses and guide them in their pursuits.
Very often startups have an idea of the problem they would like to solve, but do not think of scale. It is vital that each entrepreneur is stretched in setting a highly ambitious goal since the efforts in setting up a business which is valued at $1 million vs. $1 billion are the same!
Entrepreneurs are often extraordinary people who need the right push to approach new experiences as opportunities given constraint resources and capabilities. A blend of positivity and an illusion of reality can go a long way in defining the value proposition of a startup. Building confidence is essential because it weakens the phenomena of "startup fear" and enhances risk appetite of the founders.
From selecting the right team to retaining the best talent, people management skills are key to the success of an enterprise. Often, founders are idealistic in their approach and are focused on the end goal or product launch, it is extremely important to inculcate a strong people focused ethos, since highly motivated teams are often the deference between success and mediocrity.
Accelerators must also support founders in focusing on building the core value proposition of their enterprise and customer acquisition, although regular statutory and business functions are critical for business functioning many of these can be outsourced to people who are more efficient in solving these challenges.
The probability of a startup becoming a unicorn is highest in the first 18 months of their journey and therefore the need for speed is absolutely critical in value creation.
None the less mentors must build tenacity and persistence in new founders as one never knows when opportunity may strike and the venture succeeds.
Here's to great mentors and Start Up India! May the tribe of startups grow successfully and go from strength to strength.


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