text:
Ariocarpus é um gênero botânico com sete espécies da família Cactaceae. O gênero foi descrito por Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler em 1838 e a espécie-tipo é Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw. Ariocarpus está em perigo e é bastante raro na natureza. Trata-se de um gênero reconhecido pelo sistema de classificação filogenética Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

Etimologia

O nome vem do grego antigo "ária" (um tipo de carvalho) e "carpos" (= fruta) por causa da semelhança da fruta dos dois gêneros na forma de bolota. Outra possibilidade para a origem do nome é o trabalho que Scheidweiler fez sobre a árvore Sorbus aria na época em que descreveu o gênero Ariocarpus. Ele pode ter querido dizer que os frutos das plantas Ariocarpus se parecem com os frutos da ária Sorbus.

Sinônimos
 Anhalonium Lem., 1839
 Roseocactus A.Berger, 1925
 Neogomesia Castañeda, 1941

Descrição
Planta originaria do Texas e do México setentrional, sem talo, com tubérculos baixos, desprovidos de espinhos e similares a folhas dispondo em forma de roseta e com o cume plano. As diferentes espécies distinguem-se pelas formas dos seus tubérculos. São plantas pequenas em média alcançam um diâmetro de 15 cm.

As flores, brancas, rosas ou purpuras, tem uma largura ao redor de 5 cm e brotam cerda do centro da planta. Saem das aureolas, como nos outros cactos. Em Ariocarpus estão nas axilas das folhas. As flores duram poucos dias, se fecham pela noite e se abrem na manhã seguinte.

Não é um gênero fácil de cultivar, apodre-se facilmente na umidade  alta, além de crescer devagar e tem dificuldade de florescer. Requerem muitas horas de luz solar . suporta temperaturas no inverno, de até 6 °C, protegido da umidade atmosférica. Se multiplica por brotamento.

Taxonomia
A história taxonômica do gênero é um tanto confusa. Em 1838, Michael Scheidweiler descreveu Ariocarpus retusus, estabelecendo o gênero. Ele baseou a descrição em plantas enviadas do México para a Europa por Henri Galeotti. As mesmas plantas foram recebidas por Charles Antoine Lemaire, que as descreveu em um livro publicado em 1839 como Anhalonium prismaticum, acrescentando uma crítica à descrição de Scheidweiler em uma nota no final de seu livro. Lemaire era conhecido como especialista em cactos, e os autores subsequentes usaram seu nome até cerca de 1900, embora o nome de Scheidweiler tivesse prioridade.  Anhalonium é supérfluo e, portanto, um nome ilegítimo.

Em 1925, Alwin Berger separou algumas espécies de Ariocarpus no gênero Roseocactus, com base na forma das aréolas. Esta separação não é agora considerada justificada. Ariocarpus agavoides foi originalmente descrito em um gênero separado, Neogomesia, mas agora é colocado em Ariocarpus. A espécie Lophophora williamsii (peiote) foi colocada em Anhalonium uma vez, embora não em Ariocarpus.

Distribuição
Com uma exceção, o gênero é nativo das partes centrais do México, o nordeste e o sudoeste. Está ausente do oeste, incluindo Baja California, e do sudeste, incluindo Yucatán. Ariocarpus fissuratus tem uma distribuição nativa que se estende do México ao sul e sudoeste do Texas nos Estados Unidos, sendo encontrada no deserto de Chihuahuan em ambos os lados da fronteira.

Ariocarpus é fortemente adaptado a condições severas de seca. Grandes raízes subterrâneas constituem grande parte da planta; o caule cresce próximo ao solo (ou mesmo abaixo dele) e tem uma superfície superior espessa (epiderme).

Espécies
As espécies aceites neste gênero são:

 Ariocarpus agavoides (Castañeda) E. F. Anderson
 Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) K. Schum.
 Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K. Schum.
 Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw.
 Ariocarpus scaphirostris Boed.
 Ariocarpus trigonus (F. A. C. Weber) K. Schum.
 Ariocarpus × drabi Halda & Sladk.

Ver também
 Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

Ligações externas
 Ariocarpus - Encontrado no México

Cactos dos Estados Unidos
Cactos do México
Caryophyllales


text:
The Original High
ReinXeed
In the Light (disambiguation)
In the Light (Keith Jarrett album)
Light (novel)
The Light may refer to:
The Light (producers), a trance music production duo
The Light (Glass), a 1987 symphonic composition by Philip Glass
The Light, a 1988 album by Afrika Bambaataa & Family
The Light (Spock's Beard album), 1995
The Light (Reinxeed album)
"The Light" (Common song), a single from Common's 2000 album Like Water for Chocolate
"The Light" (Spock's Beard song)
"The Light", a song by Mason Jennings on his 2000 album Birds Flying Away
"The Light", a song by Supreme Beings of Leisure on their 2008 album 11i
"The Light", a song by Alesha Dixon on her 2009 re-release of The Alesha Show
Peter Hook and The Light, English rock band
The Light (Disturbed Song)
The Light (1919 film), a 1919 film starring Theda Bara
The Light (film), a 2004 French film (original title: L'équipier)
"The Light" (Stargate SG-1), an episode in the science fiction series Stargate SG-1
The Light (Leeds), a shopping and leisure complex on The Headrow in Leeds City Centre, Leeds, England
The Light, a video game development team responsible for the game Rex
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/The_Light
The Original High is the third studio album by American recording artist Adam Lambert, released on June 12, 2015, by Warner Bros. Records. Executive produced by Max Martin and Shellback, the duo responsible for co-writing and producing Lambert's early-career hits "Whataya Want from Me" and "If I Had You", the album marks Lambert's first release since leaving previous record label, RCA Records. The record's style has been described as synthpop, with additional influences of dance, house and funk genres.
The album was preceded by the release of its lead single, "Ghost Town", on April 21, 2015. "Another Lonely Night" was released on October 9, 2015 as the album's second single.
In July 2013, it was reported that Lambert had left his record label of five years, RCA Records, due to "creative differences" and the label allegedly pushing him to record an album composed of cover songs from the 1980s. The day after his announcement, Lambert was contacted by Warner Bros. Records. A deal with the label was confirmed by Billboard in January 2015, along with news that his upcoming album would be executive produced by Max Martin and Shellback and was scheduled for release in the summer of 2015. Songwriting for the album began in early 2014, with recording taking place between 2014 and 2015 in the producers' native Sweden.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/The_Original_High
ReinXeed is a symphonic/power metal band from Boden, Sweden. They were formed in 2004 by vocalist Tommy Johansson. They are influenced by soundtrack movies such as Lord of the Rings and bands like Helloween with Michael Kiske, and Rhapsody of Fire.
In 2008, ReinXeed released their first studio album The Light on Rivel Records. This helped ReinXeed land an appearance in Japan where they gained fans. Their second album, Higher, has more mature keyboards effects. The band has 6 full studio albums out. The band is taking a break at the moment.
ReinXeed is led by Tommy Johansson in Boden, Sweden. In 2004, Johansson had a band under the same name, but its line-up and style were different than the band from The Light on where he mixed film soundtrack music with melodic power metal. Drummer, and band leader of the Swedish melodic power metal band Majestic Vanguard, Daniel Eskilsson heard early versions of the songs Johansson posted to his MySpace page and put him in touch with Christian Liljegren of Rivel Records / CM Sweden. Jani Stefanovic from Divinefire and Essence of Sorrow co-produced and mixed the album and handled all the drums on the album. It was released 12 March in Japan, 20 June in Europe, via Rivel Records.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/ReinXeed
In the Light may refer to:
"In the Light", a song by Led Zeppelin
"In The Light", a song originally by Charlie Peacock and later covered by DC talk on their album Jesus Freak.
In the Light (Max Roach album)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/In_the_Light_(disambiguation)
In the Light is a double album of contemporary classical music by Keith Jarrett which was recorded and released on the ECM label in 1973.
The Allmusic review by Richard S. Ginell awarded the album 3 stars noting "In this compendium of eight works for all kinds of ensembles, the then 28-year-old Jarrett adamantly refuses to be classified, flitting back and forth through the centuries from the baroque to contemporary dissonance, from exuberant counterpoint for brass quintet to homophonic writing for a string section".
"Metamorphosis" - 19:24
"Fughata for Harpsichord" - 5:29
"Brass Quintet" - 20:53
"A Pagan Hymn" - 7:32
"String Quartet" - 16:41
"Short Piece for Guitar and Strings" - 3:56
"Crystal Moment" - 4:58
"In the Cave, in the Light" - 12:18
Recorded in Ludwigsburg, West Germany in February, 1973
Keith Jarrett – piano, gong, percussion, conductor
Willi Freivogel - flute
Ralph Towner - guitar
The Fritz Sonnleitner Quartet
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/In_the_Light_(Keith_Jarrett_album)
Light is a science fiction novel by M. John Harrison published in 2002. It received the James Tiptree, Jr. Award and a BSFA nomination in 2002, and was shortlisted for the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2003.
The book centres on the lives of three individuals — the physicist (and serial killer) Michael Kearney, on the verge of a breakthrough in theoretical physics sometime in 1999; Seria Mau Genlicher, the cybernetically-altered female pilot of a "K-ship", and the ex-space pilot and adventurer Ed Chianese. Seria Mau and Ed's stories take place in the year 2400 AD.
The lives of these three individuals are linked in many ways, though most tangibly by the presence of a mysterious creature called The Shrander, who appears in many guises to all three characters throughout the novel (with anagrammatic names of Sandra Shen and Dr. Haends). They are also linked by the Kefahuchi Tract, a space-time anomaly described as "a singularity without an event horizon", an object of awe and wonder that has been the ruin of many civilisations attempting to decode its mysteries.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Light_(novel)
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light and, if not closed or sealed, air and sound.
Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material. Windows are held in place by frames. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement weather. Windows often have a latch or similar mechanism to lock the window shut.
Types include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, single-hung and double-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows, casement windows, awning windows, hopper windows, tilt and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sidelight windows, jalousie or louvered windows, clerestory windows, skylights, roof windows, roof lanterns, bay windows, oriel windows, thermal, or Diocletian, windows, picture windows, emergency exit windows, stained glass windows, French windows, and double- and triple paned windows.
The Romans were the first known to use glass for windows, a technology likely first produced in Roman Egypt, in Alexandria ca. 100 AD. Paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea and Japan. In England, glass became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early 17th century whereas windows made up of panes of flattened animal horn were used as early as the 14th century. Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after the industrial plate glass making processes were perfected.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Window
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The Light, The Proclaimers
The Light, Depressive Age
The Light, Love And Rockets
The Light, Carola
The Light, Wilting Rose
The Light, Wale
The Light, Donovan
The Light, Common
The Light, Love & Rockets
The Light, Ricky Dillard
The Light, Glc
The Light, Autumn Portrait
The Light, The Duskfall
The Light, Spock's Beard
The Light, Zak Huffman & Amy Huffman
The Light, Space Brothers
The Light, Tim Ripper Owens
The Light, Cyndi Harvell
The Light, Stranglers
The Light, Emmylou Harris
The Light, Mason Jennings
The Light, Ekotren
The Light, Mirah
The Light, Nana
The Light, Pharoahe Monch
The Light, Steven Seagal
The Light, Donovan Leitch
The Light, Decoder
The Light, Beard Spock's
The Light, Cunninlynguists
The Light, Draxsen
The Light, Duskfall
The Light, Harris Emmylou
The Light, Humble Pie
The Light, Michal
The Light, Clazziquai Project
The Light, David Gray
The Light, Sara Bareilles
The Light, Sun Kil Moon
The Light, Assassin
The Light, Another Tale
The Light, Soulidium
The Light, Supreme Beings Of Leisure
The Light, Never Shout Never
The Light, Proclaimers
The Light, Alesha Dixon
You make it sound easy
You say just hold your hand out don't you
You just hold your hand out don't you
That hope never leaves you
'Cos a light shines on that helps you to steer
Makes everything clear
(Well it might)
Well it might in your world
(but it doesn't)
But it doesn't in mine
(I've been stumbling)
I've been stumbling in the dark for years
And the light just made me blind
You say it lights every pathway
Shows me how to live life
For the rest of my days
(But I can't)
But I can't put my faith in
(Your words)
Your words and demands
(I believe)
I believe in God alright
It's folk like you I just can't stand
You don't have to try and scare me
To reinforce my faith sir
'Cos I know that one day
I'll stand before my maker(And it I'm found)
And if I'm found wanting
(When my case)
When my case is heard
(It'll be)
It'll be by the author
Not some interpreter of his words
Yeah the light just made me blind
Former secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, and House speaker, Nancy Pelosi, have suggested that Donald Trump might have been in contact with Russian president Vladimir Putin on the day of the deadly riots at the US Capitol, and called for a "9/11-type commission" to investigate the events of 6 January ... So yes, we should have a 9/11 commission, and there is strong support in the Congress to do that," she added....
President Trump later delivered remarks during a visit to the US-Mexico Border in Alamo, Texas ... "This action is the best way to continue protecting Americans from COVID-19 while enabling travel to resume safely," Trump said in a statement released by the White House ... country in the world by the pandemic....
"Ce se intampla in Bucuresti? Luni, 18 ianuarie 2021, cele 1,162 de cazuri noi raportate in Bucuresti au reprezentat 77% din totalul zilei de 1,509 cazuri noi! De fapt situatia e si mai dramatica pentru ca Bucuresti + Ilfov au avut impreuna 1,257 cazuri noi deci 83.30% din cazurile zilei ... Corect? Gresit, doar in Constanta s-au raportat luni 175 de cazuri noi....
Rezultate Loto 6/49 17 ianuarie 2021. Numerele câștigătoare de duminică
Rezultate Loto 6/49. Duminica, 17 ianuarie, au avut loc noi trageri Loto 6/49, Noroc, Joker, Noroc Plus, Loto 5/40 si Super Noroc, dupa ce la tragerile de joi, 14 ianuarie, Loteria Romana a acordat 15.810 castiguri in valoare totala de peste 812.900 de lei ... La Joker, la categoria I, este in joc un report in valoare de peste 17,55 milioane lei (peste 3,6 milioane de euro)....
Cum se pot programa bolnavii cronici pentru vaccinarea anti-Covid fără ajutorul medicului de familie
Daca nu este inscris in baza de date CNAS a pacientilor cu boli cronice, pacientul trebuie in continuare sa apeleze la medicul curant pentru a fi inscris ... In acest caz, nu este obligatorie interogarea bazei de date a CNAS....
Codrin Ștefănescu: Dacā ne votau toți cei pentru care ne-am luptat, alta era situația azi! ...
... bătaie de joc și umilințe! Și i-au votat cu doua mâini pe rezisti si peneliști! Iar astăzi ies in strada in speranța ca indivizii āstia ii vor asculta....
Cluj: Petrecere întreruptă de polițiști. Participanții au fost amendați cu 20.000 de lei
Polițiștii și jandarmii au intervenit la adresa indicată și au identificat in interior 27 de persoane, printre care și un tânăr de 18 ani, din municipiul Cluj-Napoca, ......

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HC at CWU
The Fall of the VS Fashion Show
By Lauren Miller • CWU Contributor • Style November 30, 2019 at 1:00pm
Victoria's Secret, a pioneer in lingerie and one of the most well-known brands in the world. Since the early 2000s, their annual fashion show has been a staple in fashion culture and a huge televised event, until this year. Its end has come as a surprise to many fans who await the yearly show and has caused much buzz around the fashion community. While its demise is praised by some and grieved by others, there is no single reason for it being canceled. Rather a multitude of events that not only have affected VS but foreshadow events for other brands in the future.
On November 21st the CFO of L Brands, the parent company that owns VS, announced that the show would not be happening in 2020, due to wanting to "evolve the marketing" of the iconic lingerie brand. With the show not increasing revenue for the brand in days after airing, and ratings on the decline for years, from a marketing standpoint, this was the right choice. It also puts society's attitude toward lingerie and sexuality in marketing on a pedestal. In years past VS angels were the pinnacle of beauty, with millions of girls idolizing their looks. Yet now, in the "acceptance" age, beauty standards are shifting towards a more inclusive standard.
I find the end of the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show to be a real marker in fashion history. As aforementioned, angels were everyone's dream for years. But with women vocally retaliating to unrealistic beauty standards more and more every day, being average has never been more praised. And if such a fashion mogul such as VS can be swayed by the demands of inclusivity, then many more brands are sure to be affected. Done is the age of tall, blonde, and skinny, and in with the age of everyone.
While personally, I am sad to see the iconic fashion show go, and I may not agree with it, I understand why it happened. I do not agree with the retaliation that comes from brands not representing everyone, as I believe they should have the freedom to market to who they want to market to. Also, there are a plethora of brands out there so if you don't like one, well then choose another. But alas, I seem to be in the minority for holding this opinion, so again I understand why these changes are happening none the less.
With that, I am excited about the future. As we the people continue to change what we want to see and what we will buy but I'm sure that many other brands will revamp their strategies to abide by the new waves just as VS has. And whether or not I enjoy every chance that comes our way, I know that that is how the fashion industry works. We will continue to consume fashion and companies will continue to produce it, and overall, I'm just grateful to live in an age where I can observe it all.
hercampus
HCCWU
Lauren Miller (CWU '22)
Lauren Miller is a sophomore at Central Washington University majoring in Apparel, Textiles, and Merchandizing. She enjoys Mac Miller, grapefruits, and acrylic nails. Her goal is to eventually study at Parsons School of Design in New York, and one day, be a designer at fashion weeks all over the world.
The Importance of Wardrobe Planning: New year, New outfit!
Vision Board 101: The Greatest Form of Manifestation
Going Beyond Self-Care this Winter


How can I fix a damaged NTFS file system?
how do i run chkdsk? can you help me fix my ntfs?
If you have access to a Windows 8 DVD use it's repair computer mode as it is much improved over Windows 7.
What version of Windows are you trying to repair.
I think you just need to do re install the Windows System, but first, try to backup the data first with your UBuntu.
How if you try GParted? You can find it in many distros.
Or try running the command again. Maybe you mistyped somewhere.
If nothing else works, insert your original Windows CD and use its repair function.
To run chkdisk, you need to be able to boot into Windows. If you cannot do that directly, you need to use your Windows CD/DVD to boot into the recovery console and run chkdisk from there. Make sure you use the /f option in order to fix any problems it finds. Based on the messages you are getting from the Linux tools, I would guess that chkdisk may not do any better at recovering your partition since it looks like there is an issue with locating the Master File Table. This will also happen if BitLocker was used on the affected partition.


text:
Q: Why is my data property being updated by a computed property in Vuejs? I have a computed property (filteredMeasurementsByAttribute) that is supposed to provide a filtered version of a data property (measurementsByAttribute). However, the changes on the computed property are also taking place on the data property.
The filter is using the data from selectedAttributes (which are the options selected in drop downs on the front end) and then returning the matching data in measurementsByAttribute. This filter is working properly. The issue is that when I run the clearAttribute method which clears the data from selectedAttributes (this part works successfully) the measurementsByAttribute property is the filtered version so I can't get the old data back.
In short, I want to keep an original version of the measurementsByAttribute property so that I clear the selectedAttributes property and have all the original data available for filteredMeasurementsByAttribute to reset the drop down forms.
I've tried saving the data in a regular javascript variable, measurementsByAttributeMaster, and then setting the measurementsByAttribute to the master. Somehow they all end up just having the filtered values.
I've tried changing the way that I'm looping through the data (e.g. using forEach instead of filter or map) just to see if that was causing it to edit the original data. No luck. I've left the "original" versions using the filter and map in commented out code so you can see both versions.
Any insight or help is very much appreciated.
/**
 * Select Product
 */

function filterMeasurements(attribute, measurementsAvailable) {
    var filteredMeasurements = [];

    attribute.measurements.forEach(function(measurement) {
        if (measurementsAvailable.includes(measurement.id.toString())) {
            filteredMeasurements.push(measurement);
        }
    });
    // return attribute.measurements.filter(function(measurement) {
    //     return measurementsAvailable.includes(measurement.id.toString());
    // });

    return filteredMeasurements;
}

/**
 * Check if the part matches the selected Attributes
 *
 * @param {array} selectedAttributes Array of all the currently selected attributes
 * @param {object} part The part we are checking
 * @retrun {array} the fitlered selectedAttributes
 */
function checkPartAttributes(selectedAttributes, part) {

    var partAttributes = JSON.parse(part.attributes_json);

    // Loop through each selected attribute to ensure there aren't any conflicts
    return selectedAttributes.every(function(measurementID, attributeID) {

        // if no measurement has been selected, it is acceptable
        if (measurementID == "") {
            return true;
        }

        // if the part does have this attribute, it needs to match
        if (attributeID in partAttributes) {
            return partAttributes[attributeID] == measurementID;
        }

        console.log('here');

        // If the part doesn't have this attribute, it is acceptable
        return true;

    });

}

// var SelectSpecifications = require('./components/SelectProduct/SelectSpecifications.vue');

var vm = new Vue({
    el: '#select-product',
    components: {
        SelectSpecifications
    },
    data () {
        return {
            allParts: allParts,
            measurementsByAttribute: measurementsByAttribute,
            selectedAttributes: selectedAttributes,
        }
    },
    computed: {
        /**
         * combine all the attributes from the matching parts
         *
         * @return {array} The filtered attributes
         */
        filteredAttributes: function() {
            var filteredAttributes = JSON.parse("{}");
            console.log('filteredAttributes');

            // loop through each matching part and create new array of the matching attributes
            this.matchingParts.forEach(function(part) {

                var partAttributes = JSON.parse(part.attributes_json);

                for (attributeID in partAttributes) {

                    // Add to the index if already exists
                    if (attributeID in filteredAttributes) {

                        filteredAttributes[attributeID].push(partAttributes[attributeID]);
                        filteredAttributes[attributeID] = [...new Set(filteredAttributes[attributeID])];

                    // create the index if it doesn't already exist
                    } else {

                        var tempArr = [partAttributes[attributeID]];
                        filteredAttributes[attributeID] = tempArr;

                    }

                }
            });

            return filteredAttributes;
        },

        /**
         * filter the measurements by selected values
         * @return {object} All the filtered measurements sorted by attribute
         */
        filteredMeasurementsByAttribute: {
            get: function() {

                console.log('filteredMeasurementsByAttribute');

                var selected = this.selectedAttributes;
                var filteredMeasurementsByAttribute = [];
                var filteredAttributesKeys = Object.keys(this.filteredAttributes);
                var filteredAttributes = this.filteredAttributes;

                this.measurementsByAttribute.forEach(function (attribute, index) {

                    console.log(attribute);
                    var tempAttribute = attribute;
                    // filteredMeasurementsByAttribute[index] = tempAttribute;

                    if (filteredAttributesKeys.includes(tempAttribute.id.toString())) {

                        var filteredMeasurements = filterMeasurements(tempAttribute, filteredAttributes[tempAttribute.id]);
                        tempAttribute.measurements = filteredMeasurements;
                        filteredMeasurementsByAttribute[index] = tempAttribute;

                    }

                });

                // return measurementsByAttribute.map(function(attribute) {

                //     if (filteredAttributesKeys.includes(attribute.id.toString())) {

                //         attribute.measurements = filterMeasurements(attribute, this.filteredAttributes[attribute.id]);
                //         return attribute;

                //     }

                // }, this);

                return filteredMeasurementsByAttribute;

            },
            set: function(newMeasurementsByAttribute) {
                console.log('setter working!');
                this.measurementsByAttribute = newMeasurementsByAttribute;
            }
        },

        // returns matching parts depending on what attributes are selected
        matchingParts: function() {
            console.log('matchingParts');
            return this.allParts.filter(checkPartAttributes.bind(this, this.selectedAttributes));
        },
    },
    methods: {
        clearAttribute: function(attributeID) {
            this.$set(this.selectedAttributes, attributeID, "");
            var tempArray = [];
            this.filteredMeasurementsByAttribute = tempArray.concat(measurementsByAttributeMaster);

            // this.selectedAttributes.splice(0);
        },
        kebabTitle: function(title) {

            if (title == null) {
                return '';
            }

            return title.replace(/([a-z])([A-Z])/g, "$1-$2")
             .replace(/\s+/g, '-')
             .toLowerCase();
        },
    }
});

A: In JavaScript, setting a variable to an object only copies the reference to the object. In data(), you've initialized this.measurementsByAttribute to a local variable named measurementsByAttribute, so any changes to this.measurementsByAttribute would affect the original variable.
The problem is observed in the getter for filteredMeasurementsByAttribute, which modifies this.measurementsByAttribute and thus the original variable:
filteredMeasurementsByAttribute: {
  get: function() {
    this.measurementsByAttribute.forEach(function (attribute, index) {
        // tempAttribute refers to original object in `this.measurementsByAttribute`
        var tempAttribute = attribute;

        if (filteredAttributesKeys.includes(tempAttribute.id.toString())) {
            // ❌ this changes original object's prop
            tempAttribute.measurements = filteredMeasurements;
        }
    });

    //...
  }
}

One solution would be to:

*

*Apply Array.prototype.filter() to this.measurementsByAttribute in order to get the measurements that match the filter selection.

*and use Array.prototype.map() and the spread operator to shallow-clone the original objects with their measurements prop modified.

filteredMeasurementsByAttribute: {
  get: function() {
    const filteredAttributesKeys = Object.keys(this.filteredAttributes)

    return this.measurementsByAttribute
      /* 1 */ .filter(m => filteredAttributesKeys.includes(m.id.toString()))
      /* 2 */ .map(m => ({
                ...m,
                measurements: filterMeasurements(m, this.filteredAttributes[m.id])
              }))
  }
}

A: You are initiating the change to the original attribute when the computed prop is changed.
// ...
filteredMeasurementsByAttribute: {
// ...

 set: function(newMeasurementsByAttribute) {
                console.log('setter working!');
                this.measurementsByAttribute = newMeasurementsByAttribute;
            }
        },
//...

I would just have the compute prop apply filter and return the result, but do not have any
set on the compute.
If you want the original attribute but have reactive attributes everywhere in the component, it may help to use a different variable.
const measurementsByAttributeClone = {...measurementsByAttribute};

// any changes to `measurementsByAttribute` will not impact `measurementsByAttributeClone`

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Browse: Home / 2020 / November / Good Natured: It Must Be 2020 — Birds Are 'Irrupting' All Over Kane County!
Good Natured: It Must Be 2020 — Birds Are 'Irrupting' All Over Kane County!
kanecountyconnects / November 13, 2020 / Comments Off on Good Natured: It Must Be 2020 — Birds Are 'Irrupting' All Over Kane County! / Animal Care and Control, Communities, Education, Environment, Government, Homeowners, Nature, Nonprofits, Parks and Recreation, Public Service, Quality of Life, Quirky and Fun, Sustainability, WK-Communities
EDITOR'S NOTE: This good-natured column was written by Pam Erickson Otto, the outreach ambassador for the St. Charles Park District. She can be reached at 630-513-4346 or potto@stcparks.org.
Generally speaking, eruptions attract a lot of attention. There's no mistaking when a volcano blows, or a crowd expresses its views. Or when a facial blemish pops up, usually on a day of major importance. ("With this zit, I thee wed…")
But irruptions? They can happen and create barely a ripple. In fact, we're in the middle of several right now, and I'll bet you haven't even noticed.
Evening grosbeaks are one of several unusual birds showing up as part of a major irruption, or influx, of species from the north.
Well, I take that back. If you're a birder, you're well aware of what's going on around us. But as a birder, you're also apt to keep quiet about such things, so as to not disrupt the birds and their behavior.
So for everyone else out there, look! Up in the sky! It's a bird! And another bird! And dozens more!
Ecologically speaking, an irruption is "a sudden increase in an animal population." And what we're seeing in northern Illinois right now is a sharp increase in the numbers of certain types of birds, specifically, seed-eating birds from the north.
Driven south by a precipitous drop in their preferred food — conifer seeds — pine siskins began arriving in our area a couple of weeks ago. They're lively little birds for sure, and are traveling in large groups. So you'd think they'd be easy to spot.
But the thing with pine siskins is, they superficially resemble American goldfinches. Both species have prominent wingbars and a yellowish cast to their plumage. And at birdfeeders both display a preference for nyjer or "thistle" seed.
It can be easy to confuse the two until you start to look more closely at some specific details. Although goldfinches and siskins are of similar size, the pine siskin casts a slimmer profile. It's also quite streaky on its breast and back, whereas the chunkier goldfinch is clear — that is, devoid of markings.
Their bills are quite different too. By necessity the pine siskin's bill is longer and more slender — all the better to pluck seeds from cones.
While you're weighing the differences between pine siskins and American goldfinches, be sure to keep an eye out for a few other small, seed-eating species that also are irrupting this year: common redpolls, purple finches and red-breasted nuthatches.
Common redpolls are streaky like pine siskins, but lack the yellow coloration and sport a jaunty red forehead patch; in addition, males wear a "vest" of pinkish feathers on either side of the breast.
Meanwhile purple finches look, to my eye, a lot like our very common house or "Hollywood" finches. But experienced birders will point out that the purple finch is a little heftier and that the red on the male is a bright raspberry hue, as opposed to the less intense "strawberry" red of the male house finch.
Also, purple finches show plain white feathers underneath their tails, while those of the house finches are streaked.
A red-breasted nutchatch.
If you grapple with telling these two birds apart, you're not alone. And believe me, I feel your pain. But with purple finches here in larger numbers, this may be the year we can all learn to distinguish between them.
Thankfully, red-breasted nuthatches look nothing like either of these finches and should be easy to pick out in your yard or at your feeders — especially if you have conifers and are offering suet.
These birds exhibit many of the same upside-down feeding behaviors of their cousins the white-breasted nuthatches, which live here year-round, but are smaller and have a peachy blush on the breast.
They've also got a white eyebrow and a bold black line through the eye — hard-to-miss markings that help confirm their ID.
So far, the irrupting species we've been talking about all bear some resemblance to local birds you're likely familiar with. But there's one more bird to watch for that's, as they say on Sesame Street, not like the others.
The evening grosbeak is large finch — close to robin-sized — and doesn't really look like any of our "usual" backyard bird species. Males are yellow and black with a bright splash of white on the wings; females are a more subdued gray with black and white wings and distinctive wash of yellow on the back of the neck.
Pine siskins
But the feature you'll find most noticeable is that called out in its name. Grosbeak is a combination of the French words "gros," or "big, fat" and "bec" or "beak." These birds use their big, fat beaks to crush seeds, like striped sunflower, that smaller birds struggle with.
In fact, it's not uncommon to see species like pine siskins and redpolls gleaning the crumbs grosbeaks leave behind.
As 2020 draws to a close and we take stock of its many notable happenings — a pandemic, for one, and a presidential election that won't soon be forgotten — be sure to add the appearance of these delightful bird species to the list.
And while you're at it, be grateful that we're in the midst of an irruption, not an eruption.
Then again, the year's not over yet …
Read More Good Natured Stories
Good Natured: Aha! Inspiration Saves Herb The Hydrangea From Throes of Allelopathy
Good Natured: 'Ginny Weasley' Shows Up Under Porch in Geneva
Good Natured: Pam Takes Exotic Trip … To Delnor Woods in St. Charles!
Good Natured: Rare Imperial Moths Hanging Out in Geneva
Good Natured: Toxic Tree Frogs? In Kane County? How Can We Cope?
Good Natured: Insects Gone Wild! Great Black Wasp Is Cuckoo For Mountain Mint!
Good Natured: Berry-Snarfing Cedar Waxwings Have Hidden Talents
Good Natured: Ahh-Choo! Ragweed's Story Is Nothing To Sniff At
Good Natured: It's Spider Season in Kane County, IL!
Good Natured: 2-Inch-Long Cicada Killer Wasps Quite The Buzz in Kane County
Good Natured: 'Let Me Show You Something Hideous'
Good Natured: You Too Can Get a Face Full of Spiny Butt Webbing
Good Natured: 'Kee-eer!' Red-Tailed Hawk Screams Its Frustration
Good Natured: Heads Up! Turkey Vultures Migrating Through Kane County!
Good Natured: It's Black Walnut Season, And Squirrels Have Stains to Prove It
Good Natured: Am I Crazy Or Are There Flying Squirrels in Kane County? (A: 'Yes')
Good Natured: You Can Zoom To The Title of Kane County Naturalist
Good Natured: 'Hey, There's a 4-Foot Snake in My House!'
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Tags: Autumn, Bird Watching, Birds, Finches, Grosbeaks, IL, Irruption, Kane County, Late fall, Midwest, Migration, Pine Siskins Goldfinch
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text:
Horror Moth Ghosts In For Halloween
Death's-head Hawk-moth - Adam Gor
The UK's scariest moth caused pandemonium in a suburban street after appearing unexpectedly in a back garden, just days before Halloween.
The arrival of the Death's-head Hawk-moth, which is traditionally seen as an omen of death, ties in with wider moth immigration that is currently taking place across parts of the UK, as warm winds from the south bring in rare species from the continent.
The extremely rare Death's-head Hawk-moth boasts a skull-like marking on its head and featured in 1990s horror blockbuster The Silence of the Lambs.
The appearance of the moth terrified the neighbours of council worker Stuart Clarke when the bat-sized insect dropped into his garden in Christchurch, Dorset, earlier this week.
The 55-year-old Conservation and Countryside Manager for Bournemouth Borough Council said: "This really is the ultimate find – it's like the Holy Grail of moths. My neighbour was too scared to look at it but it was an impressive beast, about as big as a mouse with wings the size of a small bat.
Few people appreciate moths, but they really are the most amazing, diverse creatures and finding a Death's-head Hawk-moth so near to Halloween is definitely one of those once-in-a-lifetime events.
Normally found in Africa and the Middle East, Death's-head Hawk-moths occasionally appear in the UK during autumn when warm winds from the continent push the insects north.
But despite the scarcity of these appearances, the moth has haunted British literature, art and folklore for centuries.
The Death's-head Hawk-moth appears as a prophecy of doom in writer Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native and an ill-advised love token in William Holman Hunt's 1851 painting The Hireling Shepherd.
The moth was even rumoured to be a tormentor of King George III, who in 1801 was thrown into one of his infamous bouts of 'madness' when two large Death's-head Hawk-moths were discovered in his London bedchambers.
More recently a stylised version of the moth featured on promotional posters advertising 1991 horror film The Silence of the Lambs.
Butterfly Conservation moth expert Tony Davis, said: "We've experienced a recent spell of warm weather, with strong winds from the continent depositing these rare migrant moths on our coastline.
October and November are typical months we'd expect to see this happen, but the proximity of this Death's-head Hawk-moth sighting to Halloween is certainly a spooky coincidence.
The warm winds from the continent have deposited a handful of other rare moths across the UK over the last few weeks.
A very rare and dramatically patterned Oleander Hawk-moth appeared at Durlston Country Park, Dorset earlier this week. The beautiful, palm-sized moth is unmistakable with its swirl of cream, pink and green markings.
Elsewhere, parts of the south west have seen the arrival of other rare continental species such as the Vestal, Olive-tree Pearl and Rusty-dot Pearl. A Tunbridge Wells Gem was seen in Puddletown, Dorset, – only the 20th record for the UK.
On the east coast, a Crimson Speckled moth appeared at Holkham in Norfolk – the first sighting of the species for the county. The Mediterranean species boasts striking red, black and white markings which make it one of the most beautiful moths to reach UK shores.


If you're reading this, you likely work for a financial service provider. In which case we've got a question for you: What happened to the actual service part of your business?
It's 2019, so you've moved most of your business online. You've standardised and digitised your offerings. You've made execution-only the norm. And you've got all your funnels pointing in the single direction that counts: convert, convert, convert!
Turns out: so have all your competitors.
They can go online and try to find their own way to a solution that matches their needs.
They can go offline for expert advice, at a significant (time and/or monetary) cost.
Aiden offers a third option: a digital helping hand. Using the power of today's AI technologies, we put advice and assistance at the core of your online business. And with that, we put your customer — instead of your products — at the core of your online business model. That's how we help financial firms build a robust, personalised, and scalable service strategy that's ready for the 2020s.
We don't believe in out-of-the-box frontend solutions. Every use case requires a unique user experience. That's why standardised plug-and-play widgets will never work. Instead, Aiden offers hyper-customisable frontend archetypes to deliver, tweak, and optimise virtually any interaction concept.


This course explores the nature of data and the challenges involved in collecting and handling it, this includes planning the collection of data necessary to examine a particular problem, manipulation of data, summarizing and describing a data set. It also covers the statistical approach for testing hypotheses, and performing data analysis using current statistical tools as a tool for description and hypotheses testing. Students will also interpret and evaluate statistical analyses used by others, design experiments, and analyze and interpret the results of experiments or observational studies.
An introductory statistics course and 60 credits of post-secondary education is recommended.
Whitlock, M., & D. Schluter. The Analysis of Biological Data 2nd edition. Roberts and Company Publishers, 2015.
An Open Learning Faculty Member is available to assist students. Primary communication is through the Learning Environment's "Mail" tool or by phone. Students will receive the necessary contact information at the start of the course.
To complete this course successfully, students must achieve a passing grade of 50% or higher on the course overall and 50% or higher on the mandatory Final Project.


Lately, all the Jews in the News have been getting into trouble with the law or dying. It has been troubling.
Sometimes, we wonder what other people are saying about us. In light of the last few weeks, it just can't be good.
I have not been to a lot of funerals in my life. I have been blessed.
Yesterday evening my family celebrated Sheva Brachos for a cousin in my parents home. It was a joyous occasion.
Immediately following its conclusion, I walked the 200 feet from my parent's home to the neighborhood shul. At about 11:00 PM a very moving funeral began.
The juxtaposition of these two events and the nature of the deceased brought tremendous emotion. What follows is an attempt to do those feelings justice in writing.
As a Law Student, there are things I find interesting that may not interest "clients" (non-Lawyers, hehe). The following article interests me and will probably interest any lawyer or law student, anyone Jewish, or anyone that has been following the Gates Saga.
I invite you to contribute your opinion in the comments.
The article originally appeared in this week's Jewish Press as an OP-ED. The writer is Nathan Lewin (read more about him here).
A few years ago I was a campus Rabbi for the Jewish Awareness Movement (I even made the video on their home page) at USC. One of my primary responsibilities was to lead large groups of Jewish college students on inspiring trips to Israel.
Of course, the personal inspiration for me, was very often, greater than the inspiration for some of the students.
One episode has inspired me since the moment it occurred and it is directly related to today's Tisha B'Av fast.
Today, we hit 10,000 page views in under 8 months. When I started this blog I had no idea if anyone would ever read my writings. You have all supported me and I appreciate it.
Looking forward to the next milestone!
Last week the world witnessed another wonder of our universe, the Solar Eclipse. This eclipse was visible from Southeast Asia and was the longest eclipse in 18 years and will remain the longest for the next 123 years.
The eclipse has long been associated with mythology and supernatural acts. If you are a fan of the TV show, Heroes, you know what I mean.
In Southeast Asia, many Hindus were gripped by fear. According to Hindu tradition, the eclipse can cause harm to unborn children. Many ancient cultures attached mythological meaning to solar eclipses. Today, we know that the eclipse is part of the solar pattern that is predictable to the second.
What about Judaism? What do we say about the solar eclipse?
One of my favorite gadget blogs ran a discpicable headline for a post yesterday. Gizmodo is a great blog when it comes to getting information, reviews and opinions on the latest technology and gadgets. Unfortunately, yesterday they disgraced their reputation with a pretty offensive headline.
The headline garnered enough attention that they ultimately changed it to something less offensive.
I am not huge "birthday guy". I love my children's birthday more than my own birthday and my mother loves my birthday more than I do.
A lot of people know my birthday. Co-workers, family and friends all know my birthday. This year I got a ton of birthday wishes.
During the summer months many people find some extra time to catch up on their reading. By reading, I mean books with paper, ink, covers and turning pages. I don't mean on a backlit display plugged into an electrical outlet.
This summer, I have been too busy to do any real substantive offline reading. I have done a lot of online reading, but my book reading has fallen behind.
One exception has been DovBear on the Parsha, and you can read my review here.
Part of the reason for this is that in my "spare time" I usually end up reading up on Law School materials. I actually enjoy reading cases and Law Review articles, so my reading of other stuff has fallen a bit behind.
There is plenty of summer left and I thought it would be nice to provide some of my all time favorite reads and a quick note about why I like each book.


These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: EQUIPMENT LOCKED OUT BY".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "OUT OF SERVICE: NOT TO BE OPERATED".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: MEN WORKING ON MACHINERY".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: HANDS OFF- DO NOT OPERATE".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: DO NOT OPERATE- ELECTRICIANS AT WORK".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: DO NOT START".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: DO NOT OPERATE".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: DO NOT OPERATE- MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT".
These lockout test tags are made from promeg polypropylene, conform to AS 2070 standards ie making them suitable for food contact. Printed "DANGER: EQUIPMENT LOCKED OUT".
These main electrical earthing conductor labels are made from high performance valeron material and are approved to AS/NZS 3000::2007 standards.


Anyway there's now close to 1200 cigars from across the board (standard NC stuff, boutiques, limited releases, Habanos, and more).
The principals of the project have recently gone live with a website designed to learn an individual's profile and preferences so as to recommend cigars they believe he or she would enjoy based on the analysis compared to his likes.
While probably most useful for the newer smoker in particular, there's value in this for anyone. Even with years of smoking experience, through the process I've been recommended cigars I may never have tried otherwise and some have been fantastic for me. As well I've found quite a few new favorites through the blind tastings along with a few that just don't sit with my palate.
It is a subscription site and while I am affiliated do not have any financial stake. I do however get to smoke several cigars a week at no cost to me!
The value proposition is that while there is a moderate monthly subscription, by avoiding one cigar that you aren't particularly going to enjoy you've saved the cost of the service. You'll also hopefully find the cigars recommended fit well with your palate.
One of the premises of the service is that, unlike reviews and general recommendations where your palate may not match theirs, this is designed to learn what you like and make recommendations from that.
Like most, I also use reviews and recommendations to decide on trying new smokes, particularly where I've found the individual has a palate similar to mine though that doesn't necessarily always pan out.
In regard to changing tastes, the profile adviser adjusts and refines your preferences every time you enter tasting notes based on the characteristics of the cigar and how you rated your enjoyment of it.
I am interested to hear people's thoughts and opinions on their perceived value of something along these lines.
Hey Mike - I've heard similar efforts previously, and I know there is a similar website out there that has been promoting through a few sites over the past couple of months - CigarFly. I'm intrigued, though.
Couple of questions:Is there a demo? And how much is the cost? I'd be hesitant to spend money on a service without "knowing" that the service is "good" or something that would "work" for me. CigarFly, for example, is free, but I didn't love the results the first time I tested it so I definitely wouldn't pay for it, but if it worked...maybe.
Good luck. I'll be eager to see how this plays out. I'd be concerned that there are so few potential customers that making this a pay-for-service isn't the best business model, but I'm interested in seeing what comes of it. I'll be watching.
I just checked out Cigarfly and while it is an interesting approach it seems you have to buy and 'trust' they'll send you a pack of cigars you'll like.
The difference with Cigar Sense is that you enter the profile and characteristics of cigars you like and they recommend cigars to try. No retail so you're paying the basic rate ($5/month) to avoid spending coin on cigars you might not like and hopefully finding cigars you love. If you find you don't have to pitch one cigar a month that wasn't to your taste, I'd say it's worth that.
There is a fair bit of detailed information, sample reviews and some videos that walk through the concept.
You're right - I just went to CigarFly, and they've changed the model.
Thanks so much, Mike, for talking about our project in this forum! Excellent people! I have just noted now, as I have been on cigarfederation merely to buy cigars for our panel!
Long time no see Franca!!!


Zee Gold Awards 2013 were telecasted on 28 July 2013 at 1:00 pm and 5:30 pm on Zee TV. They were held at the Film City, Mumbai. It was the 6th time for Boroplus Gold Awards. In this award ceremony, Zee TV celebrates and recognizes excellence in Indian Television. It had a thrill, drama, glamor, glitz, and never seen before breathtaking performances with rib tickling gags. Hosting the Gold Carpet were two cool dudes and extremely talented actors of Indian Television, Rithvik Dhanjani, and Ravi Dubey. They played pranks on all the stars that were arriving. They even dished out 'The-Kela' (pronounced as thakela) awards to the deserving stars. The main event was hosted by stylish and suave Karan V Grover who had the company of vivacious Jayati Bhatia. At the occasion of the awards ceremony, many popular actors were present.
They were dressed at their best with most of them wearing black. Ali Asgar, Karan Wahi, Monica Bedi, Shagufta Ali, Giaa Manek, Mouni Roy, Alok Nath, Vaishali Thakkar, Chandni Bhagwanani, Nishad Vaidya, and Mukesh Khanna were some of the celebrities that were present at the ceremony. John Abraham also attended the event. The show had many sizzling performances. Rubina Dilaik performed with none other than Jai Soni. Karan Wahi showed his superb dance moves. Then there were popular contestants of DID showing their talent. They literally rocked the stage. The audience was in awe to see their performance. Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee also performed at the event and gave it a romantic touch.
Cast of CID also gave a superb performance. For the show, nominations were selected by a panel of jury, and then viewers were given a chance to vote for their favorites in each category to choose the winners. Qubool Hai became the show stealer with the highest number of awards on its name at the awards' night. Manish Paul became the Best Anchor. The Fittest Actor award was shared by two amazing actors of the television industry, Gautam Rode, and Karan Wahi. Aaj Tak became the Best News Channel in Hindi, while Best News Channel in English was given to CNN. Kapil Sharma was awarded with Best Stand Up Comedian. Karan Singh Grover and his co-star Surbhi Jyoti won the Best Jodi award for Qubool Hai.
Best Entertainment Channel award went to Zee TV. Qubool Hai became the Best Show, and its director won the Best Director award. Tarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah bagged the Best Show in Comedy Category. Best Actor in a Comic Role went to Dilip Joshi. Jennifer Winget Grover won the Fittest Actress award, and her then husband Karan Singh Grover took back home the Best Actor (Popular) award which he had to share with Sidharth Shukla. Best Actress (Popular) went to Deepika Singh. Vivian D'Sena got the Best Actor (Jury) award. Bavesh became the Best Child Artist.
Surbhi Jyoti bagged the Best Actress (Debut) award, while Best Actor (Debut) went to Nakuul Mehta. Shalini Kapoor Sagar was given the Best Actor in a Supporting Role award which was shared by Manasi Salvi. Sanaya Irani was honored with Face of the Year award. Nach Baliye 5 became the Best Reality Show. Mohit Raina was given the Steller Performance of the Year award.


text:
Many people who are charged with crimes are law-abiding citizens who find themselves embroiled in unfortunate situations. As such, criminal defendants in New Jersey who meet certain criteria may request pre-trial intervention (PTI), which allows them to avoid the rigors and consequences of a typical criminal trial. Only certain people are eligible for PTI, though, as discussed in a recent New Jersey opinion in a case involving assault. If you are charged with a criminal offense, it is in our best interest to speak to a New Jersey criminal defense attorney as soon as possible to discuss your rights.
It is reported that the defendant became intoxicated and struck another individual in the head with a beer bottle when he was in a bar. The defendant admitted to being intoxicated and intending to cause the victim harm, even though he did not know him. The victim suffered a laceration and required medical attention.
Allegedly, the defendant was charged with numerous crimes, including assault and weapons offenses. He applied for PTI, and Probation recommended him for admission, but his application was denied. He appealed, and the Superior Court remanded the matter, after which his application was again denied. He appealed once more, but his second appeal was denied. He was convicted as charged, and he appealed a third time, arguing the trial court erred in not granting his PTI appeal.
Criteria for Pre-Trial Intervention
On appeal, the court explained that PTI is a diversionary program that allows some offenders to bypass criminal prosecution by receiving early rehabilitative services. The aim of PTI is to deter future criminal activity. Prosecutors are granted broad discretion in determining who should be admitted to PTI and who must be prosecuted through a traditional trial. Thus, a court asked to overturn a trial court's rejection of PTI has a limited scope of review and can only overturn the decision if the defendant convincingly and clearly proves that the trial court's decision demonstrates an obvious and gross abuse of discretion.
An abuse of discretion may be present where the denial of PTI was based on irrelevant or inappropriate factors, did not involve a consideration of all relevant factors, or otherwise amounts to a clear mistake in judgment. In the subject case, the court agreed with the trial court that no such error existed and affirmed the trial court ruling. Specifically, the court found that the defendant did not demonstrate what relevant factors the prosecution failed to consider or what irrelevant factors played into its decision.
Speak with a Trusted Criminal Defense Attorney
People charged with crimes have many rights and, in some cases, they are able to avoid prosecution through PTI. If you are charged with a crime, it may be in your best interest to apply for pretrial intervention in New Jersey, and it is prudent to speak to a lawyer. The trusted criminal defense attorneys of The Law Offices of Jonathan F. Marshall are proficient at defending people charged with crimes and we can advise you of your options for seeking the best outcome available under the facts of your case. You can contact us at 877-450-8301 or through the form online to set up a conference.
By Jonathan F. Marshall|2020-12-04T10:52:25+00:00December 4, 2020|Assault, Pretrial Intervention|Comments Off on New Jersey Court Discusses Criteria for Pre-Trial Intervention in Criminal Matters
Official Misconduct Charge Will Ultimately be Dismissed Against NJ Worker
Penalties for Assault Offenses


text:
Q: What are the consequences of using verbs instead of nouns in REST API URI? For people who will use an API, is it easier to see:
/createUser

/getUser/id

/editUser/id

The standard is to use nouns in URI eg:
/user/ POST (Create a user)
/user/ GET (Get list of users)

A developer is insisting on using verbs because it is easier for others. But I think there must be some real technical debts to pay later on, other than just a case of bad "grammar" and people laughing at us?

A:
What are the consequences of using verbs instead of nouns in REST API URI?

None. At. All.
/7dc54421-5573-4b21-ad5e-6d6aa458ea79 is a perfectly fine URI
http://a.co/3sRiNxj <- is that a noun? a verb? but I bet your browser can figure out how to GET it anyway.
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/patch <-- oh no! how can we GET a page from an online dictionary that defines a verb? Are we supposed to GET or PATCH this resource?
...or maybe it just works.
URI are identifiers; the encoding of information into that identifier is done at the server's discretion and for its own use.

A developer is insisting on using verbs because it is easier for others. But I think there must be some real technical debts to pay later on, other than just a case of bad "grammar" and people laughing at us?

Really, identifier spelling is matter of convention, subject to concerns relating to the reference resolution.  You treat it like a variable naming convention; conforming to local idiom is more important than general concerns.
Part of the point of hypermedia in general is that the identifiers are just identifiers; we don't try to use the spelling of them to communicate information.
In other words, the spelling of the URI isn't supposed to tell you what it is.
For example
<img src="http://example.org/mdn-logo-sm.txt" alt="MDN">

Should the browser freak out because the URI ends with ".txt"?  Of course not; it's just an identifier
GET /mdn-logo-sm.txt HTTP/1.1
...

200 OK
Content-Type: image/gif

The browser knows how to process the representation it receives because the response metadata identifies the media-type of the payload.  The spelling of the identifier has nothing to do with it.

A: Standard URL mapping for REST has the resource mapped to the URL and what you do to it in the HTTP method.
It works well when interacting programmatically with your REST endpoint. It's also very discoverable and consistent: if you get a link to a resource, you know you can try other methods and - if supported - they'll behave in a standard CRUD pattern.
However, it can be somewhat inconvenient to debug from a browser, because they're not really design to do anything else than GET from the URL bar - so you need extra plugins (or use CURL/other tools).
Unfortunately, using the non standard mapping in the question (e.g. '/editUser/id') alone doesn't really solve that issue - you still need a body to go with the request, so I don't see how that makes it easier. Or lots of URL query parameters, but that breaks the symmetry between actions.
If by 'easier for others' your dev is meaning 'easier on people that try to access it from a basic browser for anything other than GET', then a way to do that would be to stick to the basic resource mapping but (optionally) stick the verb/method in a query parameter, e.g. /user/?action=DELETE. I'd still support the standard HTTP methods and make the above totally optional, not best practice, and for debugging/manual exploration only.

A: Using verbs in your URL may create confusion in human users, unless those URLs present forms for performing the action suggested. That's the only problem.
The object identified by the URL will always be an information resource (a noun), which may in turn correspond to a real-world object, process, concept etc.
As mentioned, the only unambiguous use of a verb is as part of a compound noun, such as /users/adam/edit-form which would present a form (in HTML or XML or whatever) for editing the user "adam".

A:
For people who will use an API, is it easier to see:

This sounds like an assumption. Who are these "people" exactly? And how do you know what they will find easy? Were "the people" asked this question or was the assumption made without asking?

The standard is to use nouns in URI eg:
  /user/ POST (Create a user)
  /user/ GET (Get list of users)

You have a mistake here, should be POST /users not POST /user

What are the consequences

Suggested approach is not idiomatic to web apis, it looks more like a C library than a web api. You can think of it, as of a person who is speaking a foreign language that (s)he didn't master very well yet and is borrowing grammar from his native language to express ideas. You can understand but it doesn't sound right and there probably will be expression issues if you need to discuss more complicated topics.
It's possible to have basic conversations without mastering language in details and is also possible to build simple functional web apis without mastering http design principles. Consequences will start showing up if you want to scale the api and will want to make use of existing http infrastructure which usually come in form of gateways, proxies, and client-side libraries. Things will be possible just everything will be harder.
In the end consequence is that every subsequent player that will need to deal with this api will need to deal with it sounding somewhat foreign. And there are many different players:
- end user (potentially your frontend developer, or 3rd party developers if you are building SAS)
- load balancers
- caching proxies
- api gateways
Caching
One affected area will be caching. HTTP is designed in a way that allows very effective caching layer to sit between client and your application without having any knowledge of your application logic. Cache layer will use resource url as a key:
/users/<id>
Caching layer could be configured to invalidate the cache if write requests (POST/PATCH/PUT) are detected to that path.
ACL
Another affected are will be access control. Just like with caching if you will ever want to make use of existing web infrastructure to manage access control to your API (as opposed to implementing it inside your application's code) then following http best practices will make this possible.
You could configure a gateway, to allow unauthorized read requests to /users/<x>, but block all unauthorized write requests. A token containing scope users/1 and permission level owner could instruct a middle-layer gateway to allow all write requests to /users/1. An administrator's token that has scope users and permission level owner could allow write requests to any user.
Routing
Maybe you want to make use of off-the-shelf application that handles certain feature for example commenting instead of developing your own. You'll might then need multiple applications running under a common url umbrella. This can be handled with gateway and routing. If off-the-shelf application that handles comments follows good practices good chance is that you only will need to add single route /comments and point it to that application.
/comments/<X>  - app1
/users/<X>  -- app2

if you used api suggested by your developer then chances are routing might need to be a lot more complex at some point.


text:
Sustainable Cycling For All? Race and Gender‐Based Bicycling Inequalities in Portland, Oregon
Amidst findings of increased bicycling in the United States, research continues to demonstrate that women and racial minorities are underrepresented as cyclists in the United States (Buehler and Pucher 2012). While quantitative data may reveal estimates of these disparities, we know little about the motivations or deterrents related to cycling as they are experienced by individuals.
Exploring the Benefits and Drawbacks of Age Disclosure among Women Faculty of Color
This article is guided by two questions: How is age an important aspect of social location that, when forthcoming about it with students, can be beneficial for pedagogical purposes? and How can women faculty of color—particularly those who appear youthful and/or are younger than most of their colleagues—address the marginality of their actual and/or perceived age while simultaneously operating in a space that is contested for women of color?
Carving Out a Niche or Finding a Place at the Table? The Sociology of Transgender Studies
Over the last decade, transgender studies has benefited from an explosion of interest within academia. Sociology is not immune to these developments in a field of inquiry that has existed for some time. But what does it mean for sociologists to become immersed in a topic that claims no disciplinary boundaries, no agreed-upon methodological strategies, and even a lack of consensus on how to define "transgender"?
Hegemonic Femininities and Intersectional Domination
We examine how two sociological traditions account for the role of femininities in social domination. The masculinities tradition theorizes gender as an independent structure of domination; consequently, femininities that complement hegemonic masculinities are treated as passively compliant in the reproduction of gender. In contrast, Patricia Hill Collins views cultural ideals of hegemonic femininity as simultaneously raced, classed, and gendered.
Does Socio-structural Context Matter? A Multilevel Test of Sexual Minority Stigma and Depressive Symptoms in Four Asia-Pacific Countries
In the Asia-Pacific region, individual sexual stigma contributes to elevated rates of depression among sexual minority men. Less well understood is the role of socio-structural sexual stigma despite evidence that social context influences the experience of stigma. We use data from the United Nations Multi-country Study on Men and Violence to conduct a multilevel test of associations between individual- and cluster unit–level indicators of sexual stigma and depressive symptoms among sexual minority men (n = 562).
Longer—but Harder—Lives?: The Hispanic Health Paradox and the Social Determinants of Racial, Ethnic, and Immigrant–Native Health Disparities from Midlife through Late Life
Though Hispanics live long lives, whether a "Hispanic paradox" extends to older-age health remains unclear, as do the social processes underlying racial-ethnic and immigrant-native health disparities. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2012; N = 6,581), we assess the health of U.S.- and foreign-born Hispanics relative to U.S.-born whites and blacks and examine the socioeconomic, stress, and behavioral pathways contributing to health disparities.
Newcomers and Old Timers: An Erroneous Assumption in Mental Health Services Research
Based on the premise that treatment changes people in ways that are consequential for subsequent treatment-seeking, we question the validity of an unrecognized and apparently inadvertent assumption in mental health services research conducted within a psychiatric epidemiology paradigm. This homogeneity assumption statistically constrains the effects of potential determinants of recent treatment to be identical for former patients and previously untreated persons by omitting treatment history or modeling only main effects.
Hashtag Syllabus
The hashtag syllabus is a crowd-sourced body of work that can, in some cases, challenge the knowledge construction of the academy. Hashtag syllabi have the opportunity to reshape how knowledge is produced, whose knowledge is affirmed, and what knowledge people are exposed to.
Why You Can't Find That Nice Bottle of South African Wine
South African wine producers are more successful in the American market when they partner with importers that know little about their wines. Ignorance is better than expertise, and leads to a handful of wineries being very successful in the market, while most barely make a splash.
Comparing Theories of Resource Distribution: The Case of Iran
This study addresses inequality through resource distribution in Iranian provinces with the use of new data collected and compiled from various sources using multilevel modeling. The models compare predictions of the various resource distribution theories using Iran's 31 provincial budgets over 10 years. This resource distribution study provides a rare look at inequality in a country that, to a large degree, prohibits such examinations.
(-) Remove Gender and Sexuality filter Gender and Sexuality


text:
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Beyond Bulls & Bears
Beyond Bulls & Bears U.S. Edition
Investment Adventures in Emerging Markets
Global Economic Perspective: September
Perspective from Franklin Templeton Fixed Income Group
Positive Domestic Fundamentals Could Sustain US Economy's Strong Momentum
The US economy's current combination of above-trend growth, benign inflation and near-full employment could continue for some time, in our view. Domestically, the picture appears remarkably positive, with relatively few signs of any near-term concerns, bar some supply shortages of materials and labour, as well as a slight easing of credit conditions. This sunny outlook suggests to us that the pickup in the economy's momentum caused by the recent fiscal stimulus could potentially last longer than a couple of quarters, particularly since the US Federal Reserve (Fed) looks to be taking a moderately dovish view of the robust pace of activity. The main threats to such an upbeat scenario are political ones, most significantly the ongoing uncertainty about the Trump administration's future path on trade policy. But for now, we would agree with Fed policymakers that US growth is likely to remain above its potential in the second half of 2018.
Few Signs of Emerging-Market Volatility Affecting Other Markets as Yet
It is noteworthy, in our view, that while concerns have spread to many emerging markets (EMs), they have so far had little effect on the main financial markets in the larger advanced economies. This suggests to us that monetary policy at the major central banks remains on track, though clearly there has been a partial breakdown in the synchronised growth seen across the global economy around a year ago. The pressure on the currencies of emerging economies to some extent reflects the growth and interest-rate differentials that have arisen since then between the United States and the rest of the world. The other element heightening concerns has been widespread uncertainty about trade. In this regard, a weakening of EM currencies—which for more export-oriented economies could offset any potential imposition of tariffs—would appear logical.
Growing Risks to UK and EU Economies Make Agreement on Brexit Deal More Likely
As the deadline for the United Kingdom's (UK's) exit from the European Union (EU) draws closer, we think a failure to reach a negotiated deal could become increasingly problematic for EU member states, as they see how much it could hurt them and not just the UK. Such a scenario would also potentially represent a failure for the EU's lead negotiator, Michel Barnier, whose mandate was not designed to inflict economic punishment on the UK. So, in the near term, we believe there could be more pressure on EU negotiators to come up with a viable deal, probably accompanied by a lot of last-minute brinkmanship, not just between the negotiating parties but also within the main UK political parties.
The US economy's current combination of above-trend growth, benign inflation and near-full employment could continue for some time, in our view. Domestically, the picture appears remarkably positive, with relatively few signs of any near-term concerns, bar some supply shortages of materials and labour, as well as a slight easing of credit conditions, which often occurs in the later stages of an economic cycle. This sunny outlook suggests to us that the pickup in the economy's momentum caused by the recent fiscal stimulus could potentially last longer than a couple of quarters, particularly since the Fed looks to be taking a moderately dovish view of the robust pace of activity. The main threats to such an upbeat scenario are political ones, most significantly the ongoing uncertainty about the Trump administration's future path on trade policy. But for now, we would agree with Fed policymakers that US growth is likely to remain above its potential in the second half of 2018.
Data indicated the US economy was on course to maintain its strong performance over the third quarter. Retail sales for July beat consensus expectations, as sales growth accelerated from the previous month, while a leading measure of US consumer confidence hit its highest level since 2000. Amongst companies, a survey of optimism amongst US small businesses in August gave its strongest-ever reading. In the same month, the Institute for Supply Management's Manufacturing Index reached a 14-year high, with particular strength in new orders and production. Underlining labour shortages, one measure indicated a record 38% of small firms had job openings they could not fill in August.
August's payroll report contained a signal that the tightness of the labour market might finally be feeding through to wages. Average hourly earnings rose by 2.9% from a year earlier, the quickest pace since 2009 and well ahead of consensus forecasts. The number of positions added during the month was also higher than expectations, but was more than offset by revisions to the totals in previous months, leaving the three-month average at a solid 185,000. The labour participation rate dipped by 0.2% to 62.7%, but nevertheless the unemployment rate held steady at 3.9%.
The jump in wage growth in August reinforced widespread speculation the Fed would raise interest rates at its meeting towards the end of September, with a further rise in December looking probable, according to market participants. However, interest-rate expectations for 2019 remained far less aligned, as the Fed's projections continued to suggest a further three increases while the fed fund futures market indicated only a single hike.
In July the core personal consumption expenditures price index, the Fed's favoured gauge of inflation, moved up by 0.1% from the previous month, to reach the central bank's target of 2% year-on-year. But Fed Chair Jay Powell said policymakers saw no clear sign of inflation accelerating and believed the risk of the economy overheating was not elevated. Powell also stressed the difficulties of gauging key variables such as the so-called "neutral" interest rate, at which the economy would grow at its trend rate and inflation would remain stable. Market participants generally interpreted the comments as increasing the likelihood the central bank would move conservatively until there were clearer signals of higher inflation.
The flattening of the US yield curve continued during the first weeks of August, with the difference between two- and 10-year Treasury yields reaching its lowest level for a decade towards the end of the month. In the past, an inverted yield curve has provided an early signal of a coming recession. However, some commentators have argued the indicator has less significance in the current economic cycle due to the amount of quantitative easing undertaken by central banks since the 2007–2008 global financial crisis.
Conversely, the inverted yield curve's relevance was endorsed in research released by the San Francisco Fed at the end of August, even though the authors of the paper pointed out that despite the prolonged flattening that has taken place, there was still some way to go until an actual inversion occurred. Nevertheless, in early September a leading Fed official argued that the central bank should not be inhibited by a potential inversion of the yield curve in determining the optimal path for monetary policy.
The Trump administration maintained its tough stance on trade with China, as further talks between the two countries ended without progress. Later, a deadline passed for public comments on US proposals to expand existing tariffs on Chinese imports valued at US$50 billion to an additional US$200 billion of Chinese goods. A number of leading US companies and business organisations warned that a further escalation of the trade dispute between the two countries could result in increased prices for US consumers, and urged the administration to pull back. Ahead of the congressional midterm elections in November, there seemed little prospect of such a moderation in US trade policy, and the extent of any subsequent headwinds to the robust pace of consumer demand remained unclear.
In early September, the pressures on EMs that had been building up for several months appeared to reach a new level of intensity. Though Argentina and Turkey remained the countries facing the most serious problems, many investors increasingly regarded any suggestion of negative news flow in other EMs as a reason to lighten their holdings. Indeed, with liquidity ever more limited in many of the most pressured markets, some widely traded EM assets attracted selling from market participants searching for more readily available opportunities to reduce their overall EM exposure.
One of the main factors widely deemed to be responsible for increasing stresses on EMs has been the US dollar's rise in response to the Fed's tightening of monetary policy. But while the dollar's trade-weighted index reached a 14-month high in mid-August, the measure declined over the following weeks, underlining how localised the recent weakness in many EM currencies has been.
The other perceived threat to EMs has been uncertainty about US trade policies, and here some headway appeared to have been made as the United States and Mexico announced a bilateral deal, as part of the Trump's administration efforts to renegotiate the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The deal tightened the rules on Mexico's auto exports to its North American neighbour, though it remained unclear whether Canada, the other NAFTA signatory, would agree to similar terms.
Argentina's economic crisis deepened as its currency experienced another sharp depreciation, forcing the Argentinian central bank to raise interest rates from 45% to 60%. The catalyst for the Argentinian peso's latest slide was an unexpected appeal by President Mauricio Macri to the International Monetary Fund to speed up the disbursement of a US$50 billion bailout package for the country. The public request from the Argentinian president unnerved investors and led to heavy selling of the peso, which fell around 12% against the US dollar in a single day. The fall meant the Argentinian currency had lost around half of its value versus the dollar since the beginning of 2018.
In South Africa, figures showed the country's economy had fallen into recession in 2018's second quarter for the first time since 2009, prompting a further weakening of the South African rand, another currency that has seen significant losses since the beginning of August. In less turbulent circumstances, the news of recession might have prompted a fall in yields in South Africa's sovereign bonds, given the market's steeply positive yield curve and relatively lengthy average maturity. However, the absence of such a reaction underlined the extent of concerns amongst investors about more fragile countries, which in South Africa's case were further compounded by news headlines that its government could be re-examining the issue of land reform, potentially raising the risk of capital outflows.
As in previous episodes of EM volatility, countries with relatively large current-account deficits—which become more of a burden as a country's currency weakens against the US dollar—were viewed by investors as particularly vulnerable. Along with South Africa, other countries with sizeable trade imbalances included India and Indonesia, and the currencies of both were amongst the worst performers during August and early September. The drop in the Indian rupee to a record low level against the US dollar came despite data showing the country's economy grew during the April–June quarter at its fastest rate in two years. However, currency weakness was not confined solely to EMs. The Australian dollar fell to its lowest point in two years against the US dollar, on concerns about the trade tensions between the United States and China.
It is noteworthy, in our view, that while concerns have spread to many EMs, they have so far had little effect on the main financial markets in the larger advanced economies. This suggests to us that monetary policy at the major central banks remains on track, though clearly there has been a partial breakdown in the synchronised growth seen across the global economy around a year ago. The pressure on the currencies of emerging economies to some extent reflects the growth and interest-rate differentials that have arisen since then between the United States and the rest of the world. The other element heightening concerns has been widespread uncertainty about trade. In this regard, a weakening of EM currencies—which for more export-oriented economies could offset any potential imposition of tariffs—would appear logical.
With trading volumes in European markets dropping off during the summer period, the main influences on sentiment were concerns about the exposure of some European banks to Turkey and further political uncertainty in Italy. Italian benchmark yields rose around 50 basis points during August, as investors reacted nervously to news that the country's coalition government had begun budget negotiations earlier than previously expected, though volatility was exaggerated by a holiday-related lack of liquidity. Tensions fell in early September after Italian policymakers sought to reassure the EU about their commitment to reducing the country's high level of public debt, rather than challenging the EU's fiscal rules by increasing spending.
In the latest sign of the impact of populism on European politics, results from Sweden's elections showed a surge in support amongst voters for the anti-immigration Sweden Democrats at the expense of the more established moderate parties. Though the populist party seemed likely to remain excluded from any governing coalition, its rise echoed similar electoral voting patterns in many other European countries. Sweden has been governed by minority coalitions since 2010, and concerns over a continued lack of direction on economic reforms have contributed to the weakness of the Swedish krona, one of the worst-performing currencies amongst the G10 countries so far this year. The country's central bank has also received some criticism, as it has consistently held back from raising interest rates despite the strength of the Swedish economy, a stance thought to be partly driven by policymakers' desire to limit any rise in Swedish rates ahead of any similar move by the European Central Bank.
With only six months until the deadline for the UK's exit from the EU, and little sign of common ground on the terms of the UK's departure, the possibility of the two sides failing to reach an agreement drew closer, an outcome widely anticipated as liable to hurt the economies of both sides. Amidst much speculation, one report suggested that Germany—the most influential EU member—might be prepared to accept a less detailed deal in order to avoid such disruption. Bank of England Governor Mark Carney said he would be willing to remain in his post until 2020 to maintain stability during the UK's departure, but also stated the central bank's ability to mitigate the shock of a disorderly exit was limited.
We think a failure to reach a negotiated deal could become increasingly problematic for EU member states, as they see how much it could hurt them and not just the UK. Such a scenario would also potentially be seen as a failure for the EU's lead negotiator, Michel Barnier, whose mandate was not designed to inflict economic punishment on the UK. So. in the near term, we believe there could be more pressure on EU negotiators to come up with a viable deal, probably accompanied by a lot of last-minute brinkmanship, not just between the negotiating parties but also within the main UK political parties.
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What Are the Risks?
All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal. The value of investments can go down as well as up, and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Bond prices generally move in the opposite direction of interest rates. Thus, as prices of bonds in an investment portfolio adjust to a rise in interest rates, the value of the portfolio may decline. Special risks are associated with foreign investing, including currency fluctuations, economic instability and political developments. Investments in emerging markets involve heightened risks related to the same factors, in addition to those associated with these markets' smaller size, lesser liquidity and lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets.
Posted in Fixed Income, PerspectivesTagged China, Christopher Molumphy, David Zahn, ECB, fed, Franklin Templeton fixed income group, global bonds, john beck, market outlook, michael materasso, Monetary Policy, Roger Bayston, tariffs, trade, Turkey
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Noise reduction in the image processing pipeline of digital cameras has a huge impact on image quality. It may result in loss of low contrast fine details, also referred to as texture blur.Previous papers have shown, that the objective measurement of the statistical parameter kurtosis in a reproduction of white Gaussian noise with the camera under test correlates well with the subjective perception of these ramifications. To get a more detailed description of the influence of noise reduction on the image, we compare the results of different approaches to measure the spatial frequency response (SFR). Each of these methods uses a different test target, therefore we get different results in the presence of adaptive filtering. We present a study on the possibility to derive a detailed description of the influence of noise reduction on the different spatial frequency sub bands based on the differences of the measured SFR using several approaches. Variations in the underlying methods have a direct influence on the derived measurements, therefore we additionally checked for the differences of all used methods.


The ACS Old Boys' Association (ACS OBA) was formed in 1914, and since its inception has been an integral part of the ACS family. Not only has it provided a means for students to maintain their ties with each other and their alma mater, it works with the Board of Governors and the ACS schools to provide support and programmes that maintain the ACSian tradition of excellence. The ACS OBA embodies the commitment to 'stand together for the cause of ACS forever' in the words of the ACS anthem, to nurture future generations of men and women who will make a positive difference to Singapore and the world.