text:
Adds an AWS::Greengrass::Group resource to the template.
AWS IoT Greengrass seamlessly extends AWS to edge devices so they can act locally on the data they generate, while still using the cloud for management, analytics, and durable storage.
With AWS IoT Greengrass, connected devices can run AWS Lambda functions, execute predictions based on machine learning models, keep device data in sync, and communicate with other devices securely - even when not connected to the internet.
For more information, see the AWS IoT Greengrass Developer Guide: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/developerguide/what-is-gg.html.

## SYNTAX

```
New-VSGreengrassGroup [-LogicalId] <String> [-InitialVersion <Object>] [-RoleArn <Object>] [-Tags <Object>]
 -Name <Object> [-DeletionPolicy <String>] [-UpdateReplacePolicy <String>] [-DependsOn <String[]>]
 [-Metadata <Object>] [-UpdatePolicy <Object>] [-Condition <Object>] [<CommonParameters>]
```

## DESCRIPTION
Adds an AWS::Greengrass::Group resource to the template.
AWS IoT Greengrass seamlessly extends AWS to edge devices so they can act locally on the data they generate, while still using the cloud for management, analytics, and durable storage.
With AWS IoT Greengrass, connected devices can run AWS Lambda functions, execute predictions based on machine learning models, keep device data in sync, and communicate with other devices securely - even when not connected to the internet.
For more information, see the AWS IoT Greengrass Developer Guide: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/developerguide/what-is-gg.html.

**Note**

For AWS Region support, see  AWS CloudFormation Support for AWS IoT Greengrass: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/developerguide/cloudformation-support.html in the *AWS IoT Greengrass Developer Guide*.

The AWS::Greengrass::Group resource represents a group in AWS IoT Greengrass.
In the AWS IoT Greengrass API, groups are used to organize your group versions.

Groups can reference multiple group versions.
All group versions must be associated with a group.
A group version references a device definition version, subscription definition version, and other version types that contain the components you want to deploy to a Greengrass core device.

To deploy a group version, the group version must reference a core definition version that contains one core.
Other version types are optionally included, depending on your business need.

**Note**

When you create a group, you can optionally include an initial group version.
To associate a group version later, create a https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-groupversion.html: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-groupversion.html resource and specify the ID of this group.

To change group components (such as devices, subscriptions, or functions, you must create new versions.
This is because versions are immutable.
For example, to add a function, you create a function definition version that contains the new function (and all other functions that you want to deploy.
Then you create a group version that references the new function definition version (and all other version types that you want to deploy.

**Deploying a Group Version**

After you create the group version in your AWS CloudFormation template, you can deploy it using the https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/apireference/createdeployment-post.html: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/apireference/createdeployment-post.html command in the AWS CLI or from the **Greengrass** node in the AWS IoT console.
To deploy a group version, you must have a Greengrass service role associated with your AWS account.
For more information, see AWS CloudFormation Support for AWS IoT Greengrass: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/developerguide/cloudformation-support.html in the *AWS IoT Greengrass Developer Guide*.

## PARAMETERS

### -LogicalId
The logical ID must be alphanumeric (A-Za-z0-9) and unique within the template.
Use the logical name to reference the resource in other parts of the template.
For example, if you want to map an Amazon Elastic Block Store volume to an Amazon EC2 instance, you reference the logical IDs to associate the block stores with the instance.

```yaml
Type: String
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: True
Position: 1
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -InitialVersion
The group version to include when the group is created.
A group version references the Amazon Resource Name ARN of a core definition version, device definition version, subscription definition version, and other version types.
The group version must reference a core definition version that contains one core.
Other version types are optionally included, depending on your business need.
To associate a group version after the group is created, create an https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-groupversion.html: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-groupversion.html resource and specify the ID of this group.

Type: GroupVersion
Documentation: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html#cfn-greengrass-group-initialversion
UpdateType: Immutable

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -RoleArn
The Amazon Resource Name ARN of the IAM role attached to the group.
This role contains the permissions that Lambda functions and connectors use to interact with other AWS services.

Documentation: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html#cfn-greengrass-group-rolearn
PrimitiveType: String
UpdateType: Mutable

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Tags
Application-specific metadata to attach to the group.
You can use tags in IAM policies to control access to AWS IoT Greengrass resources.
You can also use tags to categorize your resources.
For more information, see Tagging Your AWS IoT Greengrass Resources: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/greengrass/latest/developerguide/tagging.html in the *AWS IoT Greengrass Developer Guide*.
This Json property type is processed as a map of key-value pairs.
It uses the following format, which is different from most Tags implementations in AWS CloudFormation templates.

"Tags": {
"KeyName0": "value",
"KeyName1": "value",
"KeyName2": "value"
}

Documentation: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html#cfn-greengrass-group-tags
PrimitiveType: Json
UpdateType: Mutable

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Name
The name of the group.

Documentation: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html#cfn-greengrass-group-name
PrimitiveType: String
UpdateType: Mutable

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -DeletionPolicy
With the DeletionPolicy attribute you can preserve or (in some cases) backup a resource when its stack is deleted.
You specify a DeletionPolicy attribute for each resource that you want to control.
If a resource has no DeletionPolicy attribute, AWS CloudFormation deletes the resource by default.

To keep a resource when its stack is deleted, specify Retain for that resource.
You can use retain for any resource.
For example, you can retain a nested stack, S3 bucket, or EC2 instance so that you can continue to use or modify those resources after you delete their stacks.

You must use one of the following options: "Delete","Retain","Snapshot"

```yaml
Type: String
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -UpdateReplacePolicy
Use the UpdateReplacePolicy attribute to retain or (in some cases) backup the existing physical instance of a resource when it is replaced during a stack update operation.

When you initiate a stack update, AWS CloudFormation updates resources based on differences between what you submit and the stack's current template and parameters.
If you update a resource property that requires that the resource be replaced, AWS CloudFormation recreates the resource during the update.
Recreating the resource generates a new physical ID.
AWS CloudFormation creates the replacement resource first, and then changes references from other dependent resources to point to the replacement resource.
By default, AWS CloudFormation then deletes the old resource.
Using the UpdateReplacePolicy, you can specify that AWS CloudFormation retain or (in some cases) create a snapshot of the old resource.

For resources that support snapshots, such as AWS::EC2::Volume, specify Snapshot to have AWS CloudFormation create a snapshot before deleting the old resource instance.

You can apply the UpdateReplacePolicy attribute to any resource.
UpdateReplacePolicy is only executed if you update a resource property whose update behavior is specified as Replacement, thereby causing AWS CloudFormation to replace the old resource with a new one with a new physical ID.
For example, if you update the Engine property of an AWS::RDS::DBInstance resource type, AWS CloudFormation creates a new resource and replaces the current DB instance resource with the new one.
The UpdateReplacePolicy attribute would then dictate whether AWS CloudFormation deleted, retained, or created a snapshot of the old DB instance.
The update behavior for each property of a resource is specified in the reference topic for that resource in the AWS Resource and Property Types Reference.
For more information on resource update behavior, see Update Behaviors of Stack Resources.

The UpdateReplacePolicy attribute applies to stack updates you perform directly, as well as stack updates performed using change sets.

Note
Resources that are retained continue to exist and continue to incur applicable charges until you delete those resources.
Snapshots that are created with this policy continue to exist and continue to incur applicable charges until you delete those snapshots.
UpdateReplacePolicy retains the old physical resource or snapshot, but removes it from AWS CloudFormation's scope.

UpdateReplacePolicy differs from the DeletionPolicy attribute in that it only applies to resources replaced during stack updates.
Use DeletionPolicy for resources deleted when a stack is deleted, or when the resource definition itself is deleted from the template as part of a stack update.

You must use one of the following options: "Delete","Retain","Snapshot"

```yaml
Type: String
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -DependsOn
With the DependsOn attribute you can specify that the creation of a specific resource follows another.
When you add a DependsOn attribute to a resource, that resource is created only after the creation of the resource specified in the DependsOn attribute.

This parameter takes a string or list of strings representing Logical IDs of resources that must be created prior to this resource being created.

```yaml
Type: String[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Metadata
The Metadata attribute enables you to associate structured data with a resource.
By adding a Metadata attribute to a resource, you can add data in JSON or YAML to the resource declaration.
In addition, you can use intrinsic functions (such as GetAtt and Ref), parameters, and pseudo parameters within the Metadata attribute to add those interpreted values.

You must use a PSCustomObject containing key/value pairs here.
This will be returned when describing the resource using AWS CLI.

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -UpdatePolicy
Use the UpdatePolicy attribute to specify how AWS CloudFormation handles updates to the AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup resource.
AWS CloudFormation invokes one of three update policies depending on the type of change you make or whether a scheduled action is associated with the Auto Scaling group.

You must use the "Add-UpdatePolicy" function here.

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Condition
Logical ID of the condition that this resource needs to be true in order for this resource to be provisioned.

```yaml
Type: Object
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### CommonParameters
This cmdlet supports the common parameters: -Debug, -ErrorAction, -ErrorVariable, -InformationAction, -InformationVariable, -OutVariable, -OutBuffer, -PipelineVariable, -Verbose, -WarningAction, and -WarningVariable. For more information, see [about_CommonParameters](http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113216).

## INPUTS

## OUTPUTS

### Vaporshell.Resource.Greengrass.Group
## NOTES

## RELATED LINKS

[http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-greengrass-group.html)


Get into the island feeling with the breezy Hawaiian Breeze Dog Camp Shirt by Casual Canine®!
Pups can find comfort no matter where they are in this Casual Canine® Hawaiian Breeze Camp Shirt. A great dog apparel choice for walks on the beach, in dog parks, or out on neighborhood jaunts. Features an all-over beach scene and classic camp shirt. Made of 100% Cotton. Machine wash in cold water on a gentle cycle.
Imagine your darling pet in this sporty polo!
• Chest: 13" (Most Important) • Neck: 9"


text:
How I Came to Love Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Yesterday was the 20th anniversary of the airing of "Welcome to the Hellmouth," the premier episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Upon seeing that this milestone was approaching, my first thought was "Damn, I'm getting old." When Buffy started, I was just 26, and in my second year of teaching. It would be another year before I met my wife. I have gone through three presidents, five Star Wars movies, thousands of students, and eight cats.
I am a fan of many things. It makes it impossible to be a rabid fan of any single franchise, at least not for long. Back in 1997, though, I would have likely considered myself to be a science fiction fan more than a horror fan. It makes sense – horror films were in a lull, Star Wars had dominated my childhood and was beginning to emerge from pop-culture purgatory (it was so out of vogue one of my first days teaching a student asked me if I had ever heard of a film called "Star Wars"), The X-Files and Babylon 5 were in full swing. But as a fan, it was Star Trek that was mostly catching my attention. It was coming off the successful Next Generation run, with Deep Space Nine in the midst of its fifth season and well on its way to becoming my favorite series in the franchise. I was having trouble maintaining interest in Voyager, but was sticking with it in hopes it would improve (it didn't, at least not enough, and I stopped watching soon after).
And then along came Buffy.
My first real exposure to Buffy the Vampire Slayer came from (I believe) Starlog magazine, in the summer of 1992, shortly before the film's release. I knew the film was coming out, but I had only marginal interest because of Donald Southerland's involvement. Then I read the Starlog interview with then-unknown writer Joss Whedon. He explained his vision for Buffy, now familiar to fans. He wanted to subvert the trope of the helpless blonde girl who falls victim to the monster in the alley. Just once, he wanted to see her emerge victorious. It was an interesting idea, and in that interview, he not only sold me on the film, but convinced me that he was a fan of the genre, and a knowledgeable one. So I gave the film a shot, but aside from the performance of Paul "Pee Wee" Rubens, I came out of the theater disappointed. Either Whedon lacked the chops to back up his words or, more likely, the director and studio deviated from his ideas.
Four and half years later, when I read that they were turning Buffy into a series (for the WB no less!), I was tempted to scoff along with everyone else. But I also remembered that interview, and decided to give it a shot.
I was enamored with the series from the start, and for several weeks had trouble reconciling the fact that I was enjoying Buffy so much, and Star Trek Voyager so little (surely a big factor in getting me to give up that ghost). I recorded every episode, and re-watched them regularly, and managed to turn many friends, and eventually my wife, into fellow watchers. Throughout its run, I would encounter people who laughed at the series, but few had ever watched an episode.
To be fair, the first season is rough, especially in hindsight. The first episode is good, but not brilliant, and there are plenty of clunkers mixed into those first thirteen episodes ("I Robot, You Jane" among the series' very worst). But it was still very fresh compared to most of what was on the air. Whedon's ability to subvert tropes kept us guessing, and his weird knack for language made it sound like nothing else (though it did turn some people off).
So I wanted to write something in its honor. Many are writing about its influence, and others about its best episodes (all the usual suspects: Hush, Becoming, Once More with Feeling, The Body, etc). Instead I found myself thinking back to those early episodes, and pondering what made me a fan. Not just the characters (always have been, always will be, a fan of nerdy Willow and Xander), and the dialogue and other general things that carried through the whole series, but what were specific moments from that first season. So I picked ten moments from that first season, listed in chronological order (needless to say, SPOILERS follow, but c'mon it's been two decades!):
1. Hello, Darla! ("Welcome to the Hellmouth")
The very first scene of the first episode. At this point, I didn't know my Sarah Michelle Geller from my Charisma Carpenter. Seeing a timid, blonde school girl (Dexter's Julie Benz) sneaking into Sunnydale High with her cool, leather jacketed boyfriend, I figured this was the Buffy introduction. He was the vamp, and she would kill him. Of course, it wasn't to be. Imagine my surprise when the cocky, rooftop loving stud turned into the series' first victim.
2. Goodbye, Jesse! ("The Harvest")
Originally aired with "Welcome to the Harvest" as a two-hour series premier, we were still at the point of learning who was who, and surely had not memorized the opening credits. It seemed to us that Jesse (Eric Balfour) would be part of the nascent Scooby Gang. Naturally, Whedon, a fellow comic nerd, had studied up on Super-Hero 101, and had Buffy's new friend kidnapped and used as bait in a bound-to-be unsuccessful effort to trap the Slayer. Surely she would save the day, and they would have many seasons of fun adventures together. Except it didn't work out that way.
1. Here Comes the Sun ("The Harvest")
Last one from the first episode, I promise. One of the vampire tropes that always bothered me was the convenient intervention of sunlight at the last second. So it was that the premier ends with Buffy facing off against super-vampire Luke in the Bronze, Sunnydale's teen-friendly hangout. She raises a mic stand to impale Luke, who laughs because, hello, not a wooden stake. "Here's something you forgot about, too – sunrise!" Buffy taunts as she hurls the mic stand through a window, bathing Luke in the yellow glow of the sun. I rolled my eyes, I'd seen it a hundred times before and was disappointed to see it yet again. And then ",,, is in about nine hours, moron," as Buffy stabs the distracted vampire with a stake, averting the apocalypse. I laughed. They got me.
4. The Trophy Mom ("The Witch")
The first episode after the premier, "The Witch" had the heavy burden of showing viewers that the show was about more than vampires. A metaphor for the pressures parents can place on their kids, it veers wildly from silly to tragic and back again, and remains one of my favorite episodes, but there is something about the final shot that just creeps me out (and, given the callback in later seasons, likely resonated with others as well).
5. The Breakup ("Never Kill a Boy on the First Date")
A big theme in the first season was Buffy trying her best to shirk her duty to live a normal life. In this mostly forgettable episode, Buffy is trying to balance averting the apocalypse with dating a cute boy (Christopher Wiehl) and nearly gets him killed. Where we expect the boy to dump Buffy for being too weird and dangerous, it is instead Buffy who cuts him loose when he begs her to take him on more adventures. Superman could take a lesson from Miss Summers.
6. Flutie's Farewell Dinner ("The Pack")
When Buffy's schoolmates are possessed by hyenas in a forced bullying metaphor, they are called into Principle Flutie's (Ken Lerner) office and eat him. It happens off screen, but it happens. In the era of The Walking Dead, American Horror Story, and Hannibal this may seem tame, but at the time I was shocked that they went there. Please remember, I was teaching high school students at the time, so it had some resonance.
7. Do You Remember? ("The Pack")
Another annoying trope in genre tales is when a possessed person conveniently forgets everything they did after being freed. And poor Xander (Nicholas Brendon) admits as much after being released from his inner hyena… but it is also clear he lied. Which means the rest of the pack will forever live with the memory of killing and eating poor Principle Flutie. It's a tiny thing, but it tickled me.
8. Poor Cordelia? ("Out of Mind, Out of Sight")
Putting a quantum mechanical spin on the Invisible Man, an ignored girl disappears and seeks revenge on the popular kids. Up to this point, head cheerleader Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) has been Buffy's greatest mortal nemesis, and constant reminder of the shallow, stuck up bitch she used to be. When Invisible Marcie (Clea DuVall) ensnares Cordelia and threatens to mutilate her lovely face… well, this is a show that vamped Jesse, killed students at a regular clip, and just ate its principal – they might just dispense with the beauty queen! For me it remains one of the series most tense moments, but more importantly, it was the first step to humanizing Cordelia and eventually turning her into one of the show's strongest characters.
9. Open Your Textbooks ("Out of Mind, Out of Sight")
Little things go a long way, and for most fans, the tag at the end of this episode is what they remember best – the US government comes in at the last minute and takes Marcie away to be locked up forever… or to put her in a class of other invisible children, who will be taught the fine art of espionage. This is our first hint that the sinister forces in Buffy's world are not escaping the notice of the mortals in charge.
10. I Wonder Who She Is. ("Prophecy Girl")
Obvious much of the series is a metaphor for the pains of adolescence. Here, after fighting vampires, demons and other assorted monsters for a dozen episodes, Buffy at last comes face to face with her mortality. When prophecy reveals that Buffy will be the latest slayer to die in the line of duty, to be forgotten and replaced by the next girl in line, she does what I imagine most girls would – she quits. For a character who was often vain and shallow, her raging at the unfairness of it all and final, tearful plea is heartbreaking. It is also a highlight for Sarah Michelle Geller, who could have chewed the scenery beginning to end, but brings the feels home by reigning it in at the end. A true turning point in the series.
Posted by Mister D at 4:11 AM No comments: Links to this post

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Where is libclang.so? I am using Linux Mint and I installed clang_complete using the makefile from Clang Complete, but it does not work. When I open a cpp file, there is an error message:
Loading libclang failed, completion won't be available. Consider setting g:clang_library_path

I already did some research on this topic and tried to find the libclang.so file to put g:clang_library_path= '...' into my vimrc, but I cannot find the file so I cannot define the path in my vimrc.
$ find / -name libclang  -type f 2> /dev/null doesn't return anything.
How do I make clang_complete work?

A: I ran into this issue with Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS:
Loading libclang failed, completion won't be available. Are you sure '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libclang-6.0.so.1' contains libclang?

I fixed it using:

*

*Install libclang
sudo apt install clang

*Add following in .vimrc to use latest installed libclang
let g:clang_library_path = '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libclang-10.so.1'

If needed, adjust "libclang-10.so.1" to use the clang version that was installed.
You should be good with Vim at this point.

A: You probably have libclang.so.1 in /usr/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux or somewhere similar. Make a symbolic link named as libclang.so in any of your library path would solve the problem (at least for me).
cd /usr/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux
ln -s libclang.so.1 libclang.so

A: You need to install libclang. On my Ubuntu system it is in the "libclang1" package. Clang compiler and libclang are in different packages.

A: In $clang_complete/plugin/libclang.py, there is a code like this:
debug = int(vim.eval("g:clang_debug")) == 1

So use let g:clang_debug=1 to enable clang debug.
For me, the error is:
/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCCC_3.x.xx' not found

Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH to a third libstdc++ will solve this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: :last-child property not applied to element I have a navigation layed out as follows:

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Link 4

Link 5

Link 6

Link 7

And for each of these I have the following CSS:
.treeLevel_0
{
    width:98%;
    height:24px;
    line-height:24px;
    background:#FFF url(/Images/nav-divider.jpg) no-repeat bottom;
    text-align:left;
    cursor:pointer;
    margin:5px;
    padding-bottom:3px;
}

However for the last one I don't want to have the background so I'm using the :last-child property:
#treeLevelContainer_0 .treeLevel_0:last-child
{
    background:none;
}

Yet for reason the :last-child is not being applied at all. Any ideas at all because I'm sure this is the way I've done this in the past?

A: Replace each of these malformatted lines as follows:

Link 2

This should work.
Also, don't forget to put all IDs or classes within quotation marks (see your first line)

A: #treeLevelContainer_0 .treeLevel_0:last-child{background-image:none;}

A: http://jsfiddle.net/P9Cvc/

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Link 4

Link 5

Link 6

Link 7

#treeLevelContainer_0 div
{
    width:98%;
    height:24px;
    line-height:24px;
    background:red;
    text-align:left;
    cursor:pointer;
    margin:5px;
    padding-bottom:3px;
}
#treeLevelContainer_0 div:last-child
{
    background:none;
}

this is solution ...btw it is better to do it with jQuery coz crosbroswer compatibility.


Diving off Cozumel on a day boat, I get insta-buddied with this guy about my age (20 or so) and we hit it off pretty well as far as skill level etc. The plan is for a drift dive at around 70' the DM prep has us going down the mooring line to about 60' and then drifting from there. No prob, right? Well, I get in the water first and wait for Neal to do a giant stride-the deck's about 5' above the water. Now I have seen all sorts of modifications to the standard giant stride, but this guy took first prize!
It started with a fairly loud "Yeee-haaaa!". Then, with both hands on mask and reg, he does a leaping backwards somersault, hitting the water with the upper third of the tank, keeps the rotation as he goes under unbtil he's head down and makes the fastest damned descent to 60' that I have ever seen and could never keep up with, even with my hardest kicking. Of course it didn't help that I was trying to breath and laugh almost unconrollably as I followed him.
I also was thinking "What have I gotten myself into?" Turns out once he got to the starting point, he was all business and in the top 10 of dive buddies as far as working with me, communicating and all. Our sac rates were similar because we both were the last divers out of the water-even though max depth was 70' he insisted on a 10' 3 min safety stop.
Why the grand entrance? He said he gets it out of his system first and then settles down. Also didn't have any problems clearing his ears on fast ascents-said it was easier for him.
I wish someone there had a video camera.
Sounds like a fun guy! Glad it turned out to be a good experience.
First name was Neal, never got his last name, He was from Charleston SC.
I thought the story was going keep going to a point where everyone would wonder how this person had not killed himself or another. Good start, boring end. :smilie40: Atleast it sounds like you had a good and safe time!
Sounds like a great time. Maybe it's time to modify my entry.
that sounds awesome. i like being buddied up with smart divers.
Let's just hope he clears the water out below him all of the time. Hate to get crashed into in 30ft of water.
I think if I tried that entry I'd bust my guts wide open. Interesting buddies like that? Nope, can't even compete.
I have a friend who does something similar entry wise. the first time I saw it, I thought someone had spiked my tank.
Oh sorry was that YOUR tank?
I saw a DM in Coz do a back flip of the upper deck a year ago. I was impressed. Also had a DM in Grand Cayman who would do a dive-roll, he dove haed first, as usual, but rotated so he hit tank first. I always enjoy a new approach. I'm not ever really comfortable with a sitting back roll off a boat.
we practiced many entry types while in OW class my favorite is... face the water.... head down.... roll in hit tank first...feet over head. I don't do this in public though...maybe I should start.
That sounds cool, i wish I could do that. But I usually try to do the OK thing adn then have someone hand me my camera.
Not the hitting the head stuff, the yee haaw stuff.
This is an amusing entry. For the onlookers at least!
Wow, Whoever posted those vids must not be a freind of Jeff Cornish. Did you see the one where he was using a scooter?
I guess back first entry is no worse than a back roll. I've done back rolls off small boats many times. Mostly you hit the water tank first.
I saw a training video made in the late 1950s. Actually it was a black and white 16mm movie that had been transfered to DVD. back then the common entry was head first. It turned out that most all divers at that time had a strong background in swimming and they brought their competitive swimming entry style to scuba.
Gotta love the internet. Remind me never to let anyone point a video camera or digital in my general direction.
Did you notice the depth he was at? I especially like the dangling bolt cutters.


text:
L'AMVETS ou l'American Veterans est une organisation américaine bénévole et officielle de vétérans de guerre. Elle est formée par des vétérans de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'organisation peut apporter un soutien à d'anciens vétérans mais aussi conseiller grâce à leurs expériences des militaires en activité.

L'AMVETS est également active dans la politique. Grâce au nombre de ses membres, elle a un certain poids de lobbying sur les politiques pour que ces derniers œuvres dans l'intérêt des vétérans par exemple dans le domaine des pensions et des soins de santé.

L'organisation offre chaque année la récompense Silver Helmet Award. La récompense parfois nommé  Veterans Oscar est une réplique miniature en argent du casque américain durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Parmi les récompensés se trouve l'ancien président Gerald Ford
.

L'organisation regroupe également d'autres sous-organisations. Par exemple pour les femmes, les filles, les mères et les sœurs des vétérans ou pour les fils, les pères et les frères de ceux-ci.

Voir aussi

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Références

Organisation américaine
Histoire militaire des États-Unis
Anciens combattants aux États-Unis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


typically if your portfolio is actually good at the end of your Transportation Design course you do not need a Grasp…about working possibilities it's going to depend totally on you. take care! You sell your house. It floods. The consumers sue. A hazard disclosure report could prevent from being taken to courtroom. And, true, GM made modified versions of the W-body for a zillion years. And then they went bankrupt, in no small half because they'd no actually competitive midsized fashions at a time when that was a vital market segment. The one people who bought W-our bodies new by the mid-2000s had been rental agencies.
Taken as an entire, innovation-related challenges are reshaping traditional auto industry structures and relationships — in particular, by threatening the existing distribution of earnings and the boundaries between OEMs and Tier One or Tier Two suppliers, in addition to between automotive and tech corporations. Some suppliers will fold, as their business goes away completely, and others will wrestle as a result of modifications in know-how content material will convey OEMs or non-automotive suppliers into their markets as new competitors. Selections about investments and business alliances which are being made now will decide the dominant positions of tomorrow.


Environ Health Toxicol 2018; 33(2): e2018007.
The industrial complexes built during the course of economic development in South Korea played a pivotal role in the country's rapid economic growth. However, this growth was accompanied by health problems due to the pollutants released from the industrial complexes inevitably located near residential areas, given the limited land area available in South Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure to each pollutant emanating from industrial complexes for residents living in nearby areas, and to determine the substances requiring priority attention in future surveys. Pollutants were comprehensively categorized according to their emission and exposure levels based on data previously collected from the study areas. The emission, ambient concentration, and biomarker concentration levels of major pollutants emitted from eight national industrial complexes (Ulsan, Pohang, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Chungju, Daesan, Sihwa, and Banwol) were determined and tabulated. Each of the values was compared with the national/local average values, reference values, or control area concentrations depending on availability. Substances with completed exposure pathways and with high values for emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations were considered the substances posing exposure risks to the residents living near the corresponding industrial complex. The substances requiring continuous monitoring or supplementary exposure investigation were also categorized and presented. Lead and benzene had higher values for emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations in the Ulsan Industrial Complex area; thus, they were most likely to pose exposure risks to residents living in the area's neighborhoods. In other areas, styrene, xylene, cadmium, nitrogen oxide, trichloroethylene, nickel, manganese, and chromium required continuous monitoring, and arsenic, nickel, manganese, and chromium required biomarker measurements. In conclusion, the substances identified and categorized in this study need to be given appropriate attention in future surveys on exposure risks and health effects related to industrial complexes.
The Ulsan Industrial District was constructed in the 1960s and the 1970s witnessed a series of industrial complexes (ICs) constructed in cities such as Ulsan, Onsan, Yeocheon, Gwangyang, Pohang, Changwon, and Geoje under the government's policy of promoting heavy industries. As of 2015, a total of 1,124 ICs, 41 of them being national ICs, were in operation across the country . ICs have played a pivotal role throughout the course of economic growth in South Korea. However, the accompanying environmental pollution has posed serious problems to the surrounding areas. The situation is aggravated by the fact that most of the ICs are located within cities, and nearby residents are exposed to various health hazards including air/water pollutants, fugitive dust, odors, noise, and psychological stressors.
The "Onsan Case" is a typical example of IC-associated environmental pollution. When the Onsan National IC was constructed in the late 1970s, factories were located in residential areas because an emigration plan had not yet been put in place. The hazardous waste discharged from twelve heavy chemical factories polluted the water and air, resulting in crop damage. Residents suffered from skin, musculoskeletal, and respiratory diseases, which were collectively named "Onsan Disease," and had to be evacuated from the contaminated areas . This event was followed by unabated complaints about serious environmental pollution by the residents living in the neighborhoods of Yeocheon, Pohang, and Gwangyang ICs, and a compelling need arose to systematically investigate the health risks caused by ICs.
From that time onwards, the Ministry of the Environment has been monitoring environmental pollutants and health effects in the areas surrounding the national ICs. The "Monitoring Project for Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Health Effects among Residents Living near Industrial Complexes" (hereinafter, "IC Monitoring Project") launched in 2003 is one of the Ministry's major monitoring measure. This project aims to measure the level of exposure to environmental pollutants and the health status of both residents living near the national ICs and residents of the neighboring communities. Phase I of the project was implemented from 2003 to 2010 as a cohort study, and Phase II (2012–2015) was implemented as a crosssectional study . In addition to the IC Monitoring Project, the Ministry of the Environment measured emissions and ambient concentrations of various pollutants, and also evaluated environmental hazards in the IC areas [4–8].
Environmental monitoring in the IC areas is an important process to measure the damage caused by the related pollutants, to provide basic data for pollution prevention and restoration, and to provide source data in the event of legal disputes [9,10]. The process of investigating whether the pollutants emitted from an IC caused a particular health problem is not the same as that of investigating a particular pollutant's health effects. In the former case, the focus is on the exposure to a specific substance; however, since that exposure is already known to cause a certain disorder in most cases, the purpose of the investigation is not to determine whether the targeted substance has adverse health effects, but to determine whether the exposure to that substance has taken place . This can be achieved by comprehensive monitoring of the exposure pathway from emission to the receptor. This study was conducted to collect and analyze the pollutant data comprehensively collected from eight IC areas including Ulsan, Pohang, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Chungju, Daesan, Sihwa, and Banwol, in order to identify the exposure pathways of the pollutants in these areas, and to determine from the results the substances that should be given priority attention in the future.
By extracting data from the report on Phase II of the IC Monitoring Project conducted between 2012 and 2015 , we determined the main production lines of each IC and identified the pollutants likely to be released from them. We then tabulated the emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations of the identified pollutants. The extent of exposure in the neighboring areas of the IC was determined by comparing each measured value of the exposure area with that of the control area, if there was a designated control area. The national average or reference value was used for comparison in the absence of a control area. The control areas designated in Phase II of the IC Monitoring Project were chosen as the control areas for this study, which took into account topographical and meteorological factors, as well as distance from the IC . Some areas selected during the course of data collection were also used as control areas.
The self-governing communities where the exposure areas and their respective control areas were located were as follows: Ulsan-si nam-gu and Ulju-gun (Ulsan); Ansan-si and Siheung-si (Sihwa/Banwol); Chungju-si (Chunju); Seosan-si (Daesan); Pohang-si (Pohang); Yeosu-si, Gwangyang-si, and Hadong-gun (Gwangyang Bay area). We tabulated the basic characteristics of the residents of these self-governing communities. The percentage of women and that of the individuals over the age of 65 were estimated using the resident register data provided by Statistics Korea , and the remaining parameters were obtained from the questionnaire data collected during the course of Phase II of the IC Monitoring Project .
Data on the chemicals released to the environment were obtained from the 2001–2014 data provided by the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers , and the data on the pollutants released to the environment were obtained from the 1999–2013 data provided by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service . The mean value of each air pollutant was calculated from the data collected in 229 self-governing communities without processing the missing data, and the mean value of each chemical released to the environment was calculated from the data obtained from 104 self-governing communities without processing the missing data. The national average emission of each substance (chemical or pollutant) was calculated on an annual basis. The emissions in an IC area were calculated as the annual average of the corresponding self-governing community, and the overall emissions level of each IC was expressed as the percentage of the emissions from the IC compared to the national level.
For the analysis of ambient pollutants used to determine whether the IC areas have higher pollutant values compared with non-IC areas, we collected and analyzed the data collected while implementing the Air Pollution Measuring Network Operation Plan (2011–2015), used the data presented in the 2013–2015 annual air quality reports released by Air Korea , and used the environmental monitoring data presented in the five reports on hazardous ambient pollutants detected in five ICs (Daesan, Sihwa/Banwol, Ulsan, Pohang, and Gwangyang Bay area) prepared by the National Institute of Environmental Research [4–8].
For biomarker analysis, we used the integrated database from Phase II of the IC Monitoring Project  and compared the geometric means of the biomarkers collected from the residents of the exposure and control areas who participated in Phase II of the IC Monitoring Project. The geometric mean was used because the biomarkers showed right-skewed distribution instead of normal distribution. Differences between the two geometric mean values were tested using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Substances showing higher values at all three parts of the exposure pathway, i.e., emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations, were considered the substances having adverse health effects on the residents of the corresponding IC area. Those showing higher values at two of the three parts of the exposure pathway were classified as substances requiring continuous monitoring, and those showing equal or lower values at all parts of the exposure pathway were classified as substances requiring supplementary exposure investigation.
Table 1 outlines the basic demographic and health-related characteristics of the residents of the study areas. Differences between the exposure and control areas were observed in the following parameters: percentage of women, percentage of individuals aged ( ≥ 65), income level, and health-related behavior.
Table 2 presents the industrial sectors found in the study areas, and the pollutants released from each industry. Typical pollutants released were heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyl compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particulate matter.
The data classified by exposure pathway were collected and compared with the national average, reference value, or control area concentration levels; these results are outlined and presented in the supplementary material (Table S1–S5). The values higher than the national average, reference value, or control area concentration levels were extracted and presented in Table 3. The national average was used as the basis for comparison to determine the substances with higher emissions, and the reference value or control area concentration level was used as the basis for comparison for ambient and biomarker concentrations. The results were arranged by exposure pathway and presented in Table 4.
In the Ulsan IC, lead and benzene were found to have higher values in all three parts of the exposure pathway, which allowed the assumption that the higher exposure levels of the biomarker test subjects in the exposure area compared with test subjects in the control area was ascribable to the environmental pollutants released from the IC. Styrene, xylene, and cadmium had higher values for emissions and biomarker concentrations, but not for ambient concentrations, and thus their exposure pathways require continuous monitoring. Arsenic had higher values for emissions and ambient concentrations compared with the national average and the reference value, respectively; however, biomarker measurements were not made, so a supplementary exposure investigation is required.
In the Sihwa/Banwol IC, lead had a higher emissions value than the national average and had a higher value than the reference value for biomarker concentrations, but not in ambient concentrations; thus, its exposure pathway requires continuous monitoring. Nitrogen oxide had higher emissions values than the national average and had a higher value than the reference value for ambient concentrations, but it requires supplementary exposure investigation because no biomarker measurements were made to determine the human exposure to the substance itself or to its metabolites. As for trichloroethylene, which is a carcinogen, it could not be determined whether its values were in excess of the reference value for lack of safety standards; however, there were potential IC-related adverse health effects, and thus the chemical requires supplementary exposure investigation given its higher emissions value compared with the national average, and higher ambient concentrations compared with the control area.
In the Daesan IC, styrene had higher emissions than the national average and had a higher value than the reference value for biomarker concentrations, but not for ambient concentrations, and thus its exposure pathway requires continuous monitoring.
In the Gwangyang Bay area IC, styrene had higher emissions than the national average and had a higher value than the reference value for biomarker concentrations, but not for ambient concentrations, and thus its exposure pathway requires continuous monitoring. Nickel had higher emissions than the national average and had higher ambient concentrations compared with the reference value; however, since no biomarker measurements were made, a supplementary exposure investigation is required.
In the Pohang IC, nickel, manganese, and chromium had higher emissions than their respective national averages and had higher ambient concentrations compared with their respective reference values; thus, they require continuous monitoring, and a supplementary exposure investigation is also required because no biomarker measurements were made.
In this study, we investigated the concentrations of environmental pollutants in three parts of their respective exposure pathways from source to receptor population in eight (ICs) in South Korea. Each value was compared with the national average or the reference value, and for each IC the related substances were placed in three categories: (i) substances with high concentrations in all three parts of the exposure pathway, and thus suggesting exposure to the pollutants emanating from the corresponding IC; (ii) substances with one of the ambient and biomarker concentrations not higher than the reference value, and thus requiring continuous monitoring; (iii) substances with unmeasured values, and thus requiring supplementary exposure investigation. Substances with completed exposure pathways have the following implications: (i) the corresponding areas emit more hazardous materials than other areas; (ii) these hazardous materials transfer through environmental media; (iii) high biomarker concentrations in nearby residents means that the residents are exposed to the hazardous materials. Taken together, the residents of affected areas have higher potential for adverse health effects than those in other areas.
Tracking exposure pathways is one of the methods for determining the impacts of the environmental pollutants emanating from an IC on the health status of the residents living in its neighborhoods. However, this type of analysis has been rarely performed. For example, a study reporting the association between the Sihwa/Banwol IC and increased blood lead levels and reduced pulmonary function in nearby residents , and another study reporting the association between various IC areas and elevated urine cadmium concentrations and decreased bone mineral density in nearby residents  performed biomarker-based exposure assessments without verifying the causal relationship between the high biomarker concentrations and the pollutants released from the corresponding IC. A survey was conducted among the residents of the exposure areas and control areas as part of the IC Monitoring Project, but it was impossible to confirm whether the inter-area difference was ascribable to the IC using only the questionnaire-based cross-sectional correlation . Survey methodology based on the comparison of parts of the exposure pathway from the emission source to the receptor population, as used in this study, can compensate for the limitations of the previous studies in verifying the contribution of an IC.
In this study, the exposure areas around the Ulsan IC showed high lead emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations, allowing the assumption that nearby residents are exposed to pollutants emanating from the IC. Lead is a heavy metal, and a blood lead level of 5 μg/dL or more is known to cause health problems in adults, such as hypertension, kidney dysfunction, obstetric complications such as spontaneous abortion and low birth weight, neurological and cognitive disorders, anemia, and cancer . Young children in particular can suffer from various health effects, such as neurodevelopmental disorders, at lower blood lead levels . The mean biomarker concentration of lead in the Ulsan IC exposure areas was 2.27 μg/dL; although it was under the 5 μg/dL mark, it was still significantly higher than the national average (1.94 μg/dL) and the control area average (1.96 μg/dL) (Table S5), suggesting potentially increased exposure-related health effects compared with the national or local levels. Therefore, there is a need to conduct an in-depth investigation into the lead exposure-related health effects in the Ulsan IC area.
Benzene is a VOC known to be carcinogenic to humans. Chronic exposure to benzene can cause hematopoietic cancers or anemia. Acute exposure is associated with symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia, headache, tremor, confusion, unconsciousness, and even death at high concentrations . Detection of acute exposure was beyond the scope of this study; high exposure to benzene in all parts of the exposure pathway from the emission source to the receptor population probably indicates chronic exposure levels. Whereas the exposure area average of urinary t,t-muconic acid, a biomarker of exposure to benzene, was not higher than the national average, it was significantly higher than the control area average. The higher exposure level in the exposure (IC) areas than in the control (non-IC) areas suggests that the exposure level was influenced by the IC, which was the major source of benzene. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether residents in exposure areas are more vulnerable to health effects than residents in control areas.
The significance of this study lies in overcoming the limitations of previous surveys and research, through which it was impossible to determine the contribution of an IC to high exposure, using the method of concentration comparison at each part of an exposure pathway. This method allowed us to list the substances for each IC area whose exposures were expected to be high under the influence of that IC. However, there were some limitations related to the datasets used in this process, attributable to the collection process itself. The comparison units for the assessment of exposure to a specific source of contamination, such as ICs, are the nearby residents, the nation, self-governing community, and control area. The accuracy of comparison increases in the order of enumeration given the purpose of determining the health effects of an IC. National and regional data are easy to obtain, but are not as reliable for causality determination of the health effects of an IC because of various other regional characteristics. For example, there are other sources of contamination in most self-governing communities, and the impacts of these other sources of contamination cannot be ruled out even within the self-governing community where an IC is located. Designation of a control area can be used to overcome this drawback. However, its accuracy can vary according to the method used to designate the control area. For example, a simple distance-dependent designation method would be less accurate than an exposure-based designation method based on a diffusion model, in which a boundary line is set according to the presence or absence of exposure, and the areas within and beyond the boundary are set as the exposure and control area, respectively .
In this study, source emission assessment was performed by tabulating the emissions of the regions hosting the ICs at the self-governing community level, and by comparing each mean value with the national average. This mean value was obtained from the total emissions of the self-governing community, and as such, it did not necessarily reflect the emissions from the IC. Moreover, the emission assessment period was longer than the assessment period of other indicators, and some measurement periods did not coincide, which was a limitation for the direct link between the ambient and biomarker concentrations. The ambient concentrations were measured using two data types, namely station-based continuous measurement data and ad hoc measurement data from specific measurement programs. The station-based measurements were temporally representative, but did not reflect spatial variations, and the ad hoc measurement data did not have temporal representativeness. Additionally, due to the temporal deviation from the biomarker collections, the measurement data could not be directly related to the actual exposure of the receptor population.
Individual-level exposure assessments should be performed for some of the substances extracted in this study; this can be executed using biomarkers and diffusion or air pollution models [21,22]. Related methodologies should be developed for use in future surveys.
In this study, lead and benzene were found to have high concentrations in all parts of their exposure pathways in the neighborhoods of the Ulsan IC. This result suggests the necessity to conduct an in-depth investigation into the health effects of these substances. Additionally, substances requiring continuous monitoring or supplementary exposure investigation were presented for all study areas. For future exposure monitoring and assessment of health effects in areas near ICs, it is necessary to establish a survey system reflecting the results of this study.
There are no conflicts of interest related to this article. Our sincere thanks are due to Hyung-Ryul Lim, Hyunju Joo, Hee-Sun Yang, Hee-Chan Kim, Yo-Sup Joo, Ji-Hyun Shin, Seol Han, and Jin-Yong Kim for their help with data processing.
1. Korea Industrial Complex Corporation. Annal of Korean Industrial Complexes. 2016. (Korean).
2. Institute of Korea Pollution Problem. Dissecting Onsan Disease: Report on Onsan Pollution. New Family; 1985. p. 115-124 (Korean).
3. National Institute of Environmental Research. Comprehensive Evaluation on the Result of Four Years (2012~2015) Monitoring of Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and Health Effects among Residents Living near Industrial Complex. 2016. (Korean).
4. National Institute of Environmental Research. Survey of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Ulsan Area. Incheon: 2016. (Korean).
5. National Insitute of Environmental Research. Survey of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Daesan Area. Incheon: 2012. (Korean).
6. National Insitute of Environmental Research. Survey of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Pohang Area. Incheon: 2013. (Korean).
7. National Insitute of Environmental Research. Survey of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Sihwa and Banwol Areas. Incheon: 2016. (Korean).
8. National Insitute of Environmental Research. Survey of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Gwangyang Bay Area. Incheon: 2017. (Korean).
9. Neuparth T, Moreira SM, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA. Review of oil and HNS accidental spills in Europe: Identifying major environmental monitoring gaps and drawing priorities. Mar Pollut Bull 2012;64(6):1085-1095.
10. Gray WB, Shimshack JP. The Effectiveness of Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. Rev Environ Econ Policy 2011;5(1):3-24.
11. Bae S, Kim HC, Ye B, Choi WJ, Hong YS, Ha M. Causal Inference in Environmental Epidemiology. Envirion Health Toxicol 2017;32: e2017015.
12. Statistics Korea. Korea Statistics Information Service. Available from: http://kosis.kr/index/index.jsp.
13. National Institute of Environmental Research. Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers. Available from: http://ncis.nier.go.kr/triopen/.
14. National Institute of Environmental Research. National Air Pollutants Emission Service. Available from: http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/mbshome/mbs/airemiss/index.do.
15. Korea Environmental Corporation. Air Korea. Available from: https://www.airkorea.or.kr/index.
16. Pak YS, Oh A, Kho YL, Paek D. Lung function decline and blood lead among residents nearby to industrial complex. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012;85(8):951-959.
17. Shin M, Paek D, Yoon C. The relationship between the bone mineral density and urinary cadmium concentration of residents in an industrial complex. Environ Res 2011;111(1):101-109.
18. Gidlow DA. Lead toxicity. Occup Med(Chic Ill) 2015;65(5):348-356.
19. Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/acclpp/final_document_030712.pdf.
20. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Benzene. Available from: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp3.pdf.
21. Pascal M, Pascal L, Bidondo ML, Cochet A, Sarter H, Stempfelet M, et al. A review of the epidemiological methods used to investigate the health impacts of air pollution around major industrial areas. J Environ Pub Health 2013;2013: 737926.
22. Jung SW, Lee K, Cho YS, Choi JH, Yang W, Kang TS, et al. Association by Spatial Interpolation between Ozone Levels and Lung Function of Residents at an Industrial Complex in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Pub Health 2016;13(7):728.
a : From the 2nd stage industrial complex survey.
VOCs: volatile organic carbons, PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
a From the 2nd stage National Environmental Health Survey.
PGA: phenylglyoxylic acid, t,t-MA: t,t-muconic acid, MHA: methylhippuric acid, HA: hippuric acid, MA: mandelic acid, 1-OHP: 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-HF: 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-HPH: 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, MnBP: monobutyl phthalate, MBzP: monobenzyl phthalate, MEOHP: mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate, MEHHP: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy-hexyl) phthalate, MECPP: mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl)phthalate.
> : higher in exposure area, ≤ : lower or equal in exposure area, NA: data not available.
TSP: total suspended particles, VOCs: volatile organic carbons, PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.


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text:
Nadia Bulkin
Get Ellen Datlow's must-have anthology LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS for $1.99!
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, h. p. lovecraft, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, john coulthart, John Langan, karl edward wagner, kdd, Kim Newman, kindle daily deal, Laird Barron, lovecraft's monsters, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
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"Some of the best Lovecraftian short fiction of the past 30 years."
Behold these newly-illustrated legends of modern horror's most wicked progeny. In LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS, H. P. Lovecraft's famous creations—Cthulhu, Shoggoths, Deep Ones, and more—are celebrated in all their terrifying glory. Contributors include such literary luminaries as Neil Gaiman, Joe R. Lansdale, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Karl Edward Wagner, Elizabeth Bear, and Nick Mamatas. The monsters are lovingly rendered in spectacular original art by World Fantasy Award–winning artist John Coulthart (The Steampunk Bible).
"If you like Lovecraft even a little bit, this collection is a must."
Introduction by Ellen Datlow
Foreword by Stefan Dziemianowicz
"Only the End of the World Again" by Neil Gaiman
"The Bleeding Shadow" by Joe R. Lansdale
"Love Is Forbidden, We Croak and Howl" by Caitlín R. Kiernan
"Bulldozer" by Laird Barron
"A Quarter to Three" by Kim Newman
"Inelastic Collisions" by Elizabeth Bear
"That of Which We Speak When We Speak of the Unspeakable" by Nick Mamatas
"Red Goat Black Goat" by Nadia Bulkin
"Jar of Salts" and "Haruspicy" by Gemma Files
"Black as the Pit From Pole to Pole" by Howard Waldrop and Steven Utley
"I've Come to Talk With You Again" by Karl Edward Wagner
"The Sect of the Idiot" by Thomas Ligotti
"The Dappled Thing" by William Browning Spencer
"The Same Deep Waters as You" by Brian Hodge
"Remnants" by Fred Chappell
"Waiting at the Cross Roads Motel" by Steve Rasnic Tem
"Children of the Fang" by John Langan
"Ellen Datlow's second editorial outing into the realm of Lovecraft proves even more fruitful than the first. Focusing on Lovecraftian monsters, Datlow offers readers sixteen stories and two poems of a variety that should please any fans of the genre."
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For more information on LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS, visit the Tachyon site.
Cover and illustrations by John Coulthart
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	anthology, Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, h. p. lovecraft, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, John Langan, karl edward wagner, kdd, Kim Newman, kindle daily deal, Laird Barron, lovecraft's monsters, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
Ellen Datlow's acclaimed anthology LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS is a Kindle Daily Deal for Friday, June 22.
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	anthology, Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, fred chappe;;, Gemma Files, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, John Langan, karl edward wagner, kdd, Kim Newman, Laird Barron, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, short stories, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
Ellen Datlow's acclaimed anthology LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS is a Kindle Daily Deal for Monday, November 28.
Cover and illustrations by John Coulthart.
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Cover and illustration by John Coulthart.
Ars Necronomica showcases the legacy and future of Lovecraft in visual arts
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	ars necronomica, art, h. p. lovecraft, horror, john coulthart, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, Nadia Bulkin, necronomicon providence, providence art club
The historic Providence Art Club is hosting the Second Annual Ars Necronomica from August 11 – September 4.
The exhibition will be presented by the Lovecraft Arts & Sciences Council as part of the Second Annual NecronomiCon Providence, a biennial convention celebrating "weird fiction, art, and academia". A total of 21 artists will be highlighted including the well-known British illustrator John Coulthart will be featured in the Moitié Gallery for his illustration work dedicated to H.P. Lovecraft. Mr. Coulthart will be the Artist Guest of Honor for the exhibition.
In conjunction with Ars Necronomica, the Providence Art Club will display member artwork related to the theme "Rhode Island Eerie." These pieces, featuring Rhode Island motifs, themes, and landscapes portrayed through the lens of the life and work of H. P. Lovecraft, will be displayed in the Dodge House Gallery to complement the collection of Lovecraftian art presented by the Lovecraft Arts & Sciences Council.
Among Coulthart's art were two illustrations from LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS.
Coulthart's image that accompanied Nadia Bulkin's "Red Goat Black Goat" in LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS.
(photo: John Coulthart)
Attendees at Ars Necronomica Opening enjoying Coulthart's art.
Learn more about Ars Necronomica at the Providence Art Club.
For more about John Coulthart, visit his page.
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	anthology, Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, cthulhu, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, john coulthart, John Langan, karl edward wagner, Kim Newman, kindle, kindle daily deal, Laird Barron, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, mythos, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, short stories, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
Ellen Datlow's acclaimed anthology LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS is a Kindle Daily Deal for Thursday, February 12, 2015.
A Creature Feature Top Ten Book of 2014
"Fans of the HBO True Detective series (and those who are not) will love this new themed anthology from acclaimed genre editor, Ellen Datlow.
"There's no need to have previously read Lovecraft's work to enjoy Lovecraft's Monsters, but the collection will surely leave you with the desire to acquaint or reacquaint you with HPL canon."
"In the case of Lovecraft's Monsters, edited by the great Ellen Datlow, the quality of the stories is both a celebration of HPL's legacy and a reminder of the wealth of talent the genre has to offer…. It's simple: if you like Lovecraftian fiction, you need to get this."
—Horror Talk
"[T]he queen of anthologies, Ellen Datlow, has brought together the usual outstanding group of writers…. This is a must-have anthology for fans of things that go squick in the night."
—Lit/Rant
"Each story is a dark wonder and the volume itself is absolutely gorgeous, sumptuously illustrated throughout with steampunky-baroque original art by World Fantasy Award-winning artist John Coulthart. Lovecraft's Monsters is a must-have for every fan of dark speculative fiction, so click on the cover graphic and grab it!"
—Count Gore
"…amazing and creative tales each with a striking illustration by John Coulthart…I fully recommend adding this nice anthology for all fans of Lovecraft."
—Dark Corner
"The result is a delightful array of little pieces that range in mood and subject. Unholy sacrifice, forbidden love, a private dick on the trail of a murderer—there's something there for everyone."
—The Jaded Consumer
"Editor Ellen Datlow has put together an anthology that will rock your liquid fantasies. Tachyon Publications has produced an excellent themed anthology. Lovecraft enthusiasts will plunge into the volume and be happily immersed in the content."
—Diabolique Magazine
"Where else, in one anthology, can a reader jump from roman noir werewolves to steampunk tanks in the Amazon to tales of forbidden love on the Innsmouth shore to Pinkerton agents in the Wild West?… Fortunately, we have Ellen Datlow to lead the way."
—The Tomb of Dark Delights
"With Ellen Datlow at the helm, there was never really any doubt about the quality of the selections on hand … .Lovecraft's Monsters is certainly a worthy addition to any horror library."
—Innsmouth Free Press
"Lovecraft's Monsters is a must-read for any fans of the Cthulhu Mythos."
—Geek Smash
"[A] delightful array of little pieces that range in mood and subject…. Unholy sacrifice, forbidden love, a private dick on the trail of a murderer—there's something there for everyone."
"So I am telling you now, in the name of Yog-Sothoth, get this book, and prepare to lose some sleep."
—The Bookend Family
"Lovecraft's Monsters, edited by Ellen Datlow and published by Tachyon Publications, is a reprint anthology of some carefully chosen and mighty fine Lovecraftian short stories, novellas and poems…. All in all it is a terrific selection of works, and one that any fan of Lovecratian works should add to their collection."
—Fear.net
"…an entirely enjoyable read… for Mythos devotees I would highly recommend picking it up"
—Seattle Geekly
"There's a lot to love in Lovecraft's Monsters, an anthology which is both faithful and inventive at the same time. Unafraid to take risks and snazzily illustrated, this collection is proof that the Cthulhu cult remains as strong as ever."
"Datlow brings together some of the top SF/F and horror writers working today and has them play in Lovecraft's bizarre world. And that's a delight."
—January Magazine
"For Lovecraft's Monsters, each writer had the same agenda: come up with a fresh take on one of the legendary author's otherworldly creatures, like Cthulhu, the Shoggoths, the Elder Things and Yog-Sothoth. (Trust, they're scarier than those tongue-twisting names suggest.) Adding to the book's excellence, illustrator John Coulthart provided gorgeous new black-and-white artwork for each story."
"Lovecraft's Monsters will appeal to fans of Lovecraft's work, particularly his Mythos stories, and to readers of dark fiction everywhere. Datlow is an experienced and keen editor of dark fiction and has assembled a truly impressive list of stories."
—LitReactor
"[A]n amazing and diverse treasure trove of stories. As an avid fan of Lovecraft's monstrous creations, THIS is the anthology I've been waiting for."
—Shattered Ravings
The acclaimed best seller LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS to be reprinted
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	announcement, anthology, Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, cthulhu, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, john coulthart, John Langan, karl edward wagner, kiom newman, Laird Barron, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, mythos, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, news, Nick Mamatas, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
Tachyon Publications is proud to announce a SECOND printing of Ellen Datlow's acclaimed anthology Lovecraft's Monsters.
Featuring a cover and interior illustrations from the award-winning John Coulthart, Lovecraft's Monsters has received abundant praise from a variety of outlets.
Here's your chance to get a FREE copy of Ellen Datlow's acclaimed anthology LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	anthology, Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, cthulhu, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, giveaway, goodreads, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, John Langan, karl edward wagner, Kim Newman, Laird Barron, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, mythos, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
With the aide of the fine folks at Goodreads, we're giving away a copy of Lovecraft's Monsters, a book "that should please any fans of the genre." The latest anthology from the award-winning Ellen Datlow is "a must-have for every fan of dark speculative fiction."
Cover by John Coulthart
Dark Corners declares LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS "an excellent homage"
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	anthology, Brian Hodge, cthulhu, dark corners, Ellen Datlow, horror, john coulthart, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, mythos, Nadia Bulkin, review, short stories, shub-niggurath
Dark Corner reviews Ellen Datlow's newest anthology Lovecraft's Monsters.
Although, an excellent homage to Lovecraft's Mythos, the quality of the stories are a little unbalanced. "The Same Deep Waters as You" by Brian Hodge, outshines the other tales, it's the story of a man recruited by the US military to establish communication with the strange fish-men of Innsmouth. "Red Goat Black Goat" by Nadia Bulkin it is also a great story inspired by the deity Shub-Niggurath, "Lord of the Wood".
"Lovecraft's Monsters" is a good and well written book, it features some amazing and creative tales each with a striking illustration by John Coulthart.
Cover by John Coulthart.
We're giving away LOVECRAFT'S MONSTERS
Alec Checkerfield Uncategorized	Brian Hodge, Caitlín R. Kiernan, cthulhu, Elizabeth Bear, Ellen Datlow, Fred Chappell, Gemma Files, giveaway, goodreads, horror, howard waldrop, Joe R. Lansdale, john coulthart, John Langan, karl edward wagner, Kim Newman, Laird Barron, lovecraft, lovecraft's monsters, mythos, Nadia Bulkin, neil gaiman, Nick Mamatas, short stories, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steve Rasnic Tem, Steven Utley, thomas ligotti, William Browning Spencer
With the aide of the fine folks at Goodreads, we're giving away an Advanced Reader's Copy (ARC) of Lovecraft's Monsters, the latest anthology from the award-winning Ellen Datlow.


Sony has at least released the new, suped-up PS4, named the PS4 Pro - previously dubbed as the PS4 Neo or PS4K - joining Microsoft's Xbox Project Scorpio as a new wave of mid-generation console upgrades.
Welcome to our Rise of the Tomb Raider - Croft Manor: Blood Ties walkthrough and guide, which takes you through the story-driven part of the expansion that takes place in Lara's childhood home (so don't expect any Lara's Nightmare zombie advice here).
Lara Croft's rebooted adventures continue in this sequel to 2013's Tomb Raider. A little older and a little tougher than the shipwrecked archaeology student who appeared in that game, Lara is now a hardened adventurer on a single-minded quest to prove right the outlandish claims made by her father, the disgraced toff Lord Croft. Her quest takes her, via a brief stop in Syria, to the mountains of Siberia on a quest for - you guessed it - a lost city and a powerful, ancient artefact. She and Nathan Drake should compare notes sometime.


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Thank you so much for that introduction. It is great to be back here in Los Angeles. I know this city pretty well, and I've known it for a long time, and I've always found it deeply, deeply . . . implausible. Implausibly dynamic, implausibly energizing, implausibly diverse. And this event is remarkable in those same ways. This room is full of people of every background and every walk of life. Community leaders, business leaders, and elected officials from every level of government. Needless to say, it takes a special event to get a group like this together, and I am honored to be a part of it. So thank you, Greenlining, for having me.
Los Angeles is quite special to me. I went to high school 30 miles south of here, in Anaheim. My first paying job was down there, at Disneyland. I was a Jungle Cruise guide. "Welcome aboard the world famous Jungle Cruise. My name is Raj and I'll be your fearless skipper for the next 8 minutes and 15 seconds as we journey down the simulated tropical rivers of the world." Unfortunately for you, my skills as a public speaker haven't really progressed since then.
My parents, by the way, are still down in Anaheim. They live in the same house that we lived in when I was a kid. My parents are very lucky. (And not just because they have me as a son. I always used to tell them, "You know, you're very lucky to have me as a son." They never really believed it).
But they really are lucky. As immigrants from India, they have lived the American dream — building a new life on new soil through hard work, education, and no small measure of perseverance. Part of that American dream, for them, was owning a home. Shortly after we moved to California, they dealt with a local bank, made a small down payment, and got a 30-year fixed rate mortgage. Today, some 30 years later, they own that house free and clear. And today, some 30 years later, that house in Anaheim is still what my brothers and I mean when we say, "We're going home for Thanksgiving." And to my parents who are here today, sorry, I'm not coming home for Thanksgiving this year.
The availability of mortgage finance, for my parents, unequivocally made life better. But for too many others, mortgage finance hasn't made life better, it has made life worse. As of last December, there were 4.5 million seriously delinquent mortgages in this country. Nearly a quarter of all mortgages are underwater. The American mortgage business was supposed to be the single largest, deepest, most sophisticated consumer finance market in human history. And it failed us. The mortgage market failed to make good credit decisions; it failed to take smart risks; and, maybe worst of all, it failed to clean up its own mess.
It is within that context, within that devastation, that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was born. It would be tempting, and maybe even understandable, if we allowed the tragic legacy of the past several years to completely dominate the agenda at our new agency. But that would be a mistake. It's obviously important that we and other policymakers make sure that the same exact problems don't arise in exactly the same way again. Obviously. But we cannot fixate solely on winning the last war. We have an obligation to be smarter than that; we have an obligation to do more. We have an obligation to make sure our eyes are open, so that we can help prevent consumer crises before they unfold. We cannot just solve the particular problems of the immediate past. We have to help consumer finance markets actually work for American consumers.
Now, this is a difficult mission. But it can be done. A financial regulator doesn't need to be a magician; we don't need a crystal ball. But we do need to work immensely hard, we have to have some considerable backbone, and we have to use some common sense.
The calamities of the last decade, even the crisis caused by the calamity in mortgages, do not make us, at the Bureau, doubt the value of free and competitive markets. Quite the contrary, the failures of the mortgage market underscore just what functioning, efficient markets are supposed to be all about in the first place. They're supposed to be fair; they're supposed to be transparent; they're supposed to create incentives for hard work and smart decisions.
We shouldn't expect the mortgage market to really work unless, and until, it has those qualities – fairness, transparency, aligned incentives.
Let me start with basic fairness. One of the common sense steps we can take to promote fairness in finance is to fight illegal discrimination. Now, make no mistake: I firmly believe that discrimination is considerably less prevalent in America today than it was when my parents arrived here (46 years ago), or when I was born (41 years ago), or even when I started my career in finance (which feels like a million years ago). We have made some progress.
And that's not by accident. That's because consumer groups, civil rights groups, regulators, law enforcement agencies, and bankers themselves have all made fair access to credit a priority. But there is more work to do. After all, it's called a credit "cycle" for a reason. And in a tight credit market like today's, the unfortunate reality is that we need to pay particular attention to credit access issues to ensure that discriminatory practices cannot take root and flourish.
The Bureau wants to ensure that lenders are not creating conditions that make loans more expensive, or access more difficult, for certain populations. Earlier this week, our Director, Rich Cordray, reaffirmed our support of what is called the "disparate impact" doctrine. The Bureau will monitor lenders' practices. And if those practices have an unintentional but unlawful discriminatory impact on a segment of the population, the Bureau will intervene. Simple as that.
America's fair lending laws are focused on fairness among consumers. But fairness among financial services firms matters too. That's part of why the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is such a dramatic step forward. It shouldn't matter what type of financial institution you are or what consumer product you sell.
If you want to participate in consumer financial services, well then you should follow the same basic rules as everybody else. And you should expect those rules to be enforced. If you allow different players to play by different rules, you encourage a destructive race to the bottom. Critically, the Bureau is the first federal agency to have supervisory authority over non-depository financial firms — and we take that responsibility very seriously.
So fairness is core to our agenda. But so is transparency. Markets don't work well if both parties to a transaction don't understand what they're getting into. I hope that some of you already know about our efforts to bring better substantive transparency to the mortgage origination markets. We are working to streamline, integrate, and simplify two needlessly complicated federal disclosure forms — one under the Truth in Lending Act, and the other under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act — so that borrowers have a better chance to actually understand the price and risk profile of their obligations.
But transparency isn't just about the front end of the mortgage business — it matters at the back end too, in mortgage servicing. Earlier this month, the CFPB previewed a series of common-sense rules that we're considering in mortgage servicing. They include practical ideas on improving transparency, like: maybe servicers should give borrowers better information about how much they owe every month; or an earlier heads-up that their adjustable rate mortgage payments are about to change; or warn them that they are going to be force-placed into a potentially expensive insurance policy. We're just at the early stages of those particular rulemakings, but I'm optimistic that we can find a common-sense path forward.
So we're trying to take a common-sense approach to fairness. And to transparency. And, perhaps most fundamentally of all, to financial incentives.
You know, I've spent the vast majority of my career in consumer finance. I've been in and around finance companies, commercial banks, and investment banks. And through all of that, I learned one thing above all others. Although there are bad mistakes, there are some bad people, and there are occasional bad breaks, fundamentally, when all is said and done: people are generally good, but they generally do what they are paid to do.
Let me give you an example from the mortgage bubble. Too often it was the case that mortgage brokers were paid more to give borrowers a worse deal. If a borrower could qualify for a loan at, say, 6 percent, a broker might be paid a special bounty — called a "yield spread premium" – to juice that rate from 6 percent up to 8 percent. As a result, the most important, most visible person in the mortgage process for many borrowers — the mortgage broker — had a financial stake that was confusingly and perversely in direct opposition to the interest of the consumer himself. If people are paid to treat customers poorly, it shouldn't be surprising when they do.
Financial incentives matter. Ideally, lenders' and borrowers' incentives should be aligned; both of them win when borrowers can afford their loans. At some tacit level, ordinary people know that. When they sit down at the closing table, there is a certain element of trust that your lender isn't setting you up to fail. And that is the underpinning of another substantial policy effort that we have underway at the Bureau: Dodd-Frank's "ability to repay" requirement in mortgages.
Again, let me hearken back to my days as a banker. Here's what should be the least surprising lending advice you've ever heard: If you are going to lend money, you should probably care about getting paid back. And if you care about getting paid back, you should probably inquire about, and evaluate, a borrower's ability to pay you back.
That should not be controversial. And it isn't — not to the vast majority of big banks and community banks, credit unions and thrifts that actually held on to some of the risk of the mortgages that they were originating during the bubble. Nor is it surprising to any banker trying to build or sustain a customer franchise — after all, a customer franchise only endures and thrives if its customers win.
But unfortunately, because of misaligned incentives in the mortgage business, millions of borrowers were set up to fail. Borrowers were sold increasingly exotic, non-traditional mortgages that they didn't understand and couldn't afford. Lenders did that because the risk was separated from the reward. Lenders could make money by repackaging and selling off your loan.
Congress tackled this problem through a number of complementary provisions in Dodd-Frank, including the so-called "ability to repay" provision. Put in its simplest form, Congress has required that lenders reach a good-faith determination that a mortgage borrower has a reasonable ability to repay the loan. If lenders don't do that, the law lays out real consequences. As part of the broader ability to repay mandate, Congress also designated so-called Qualified Mortgages, which are structurally safer and pose lower risk for borrowers, and which are underwritten according to standards that make it reasonable to expect that borrowers have an ability to repay.
The Federal Reserve Board proposed a regulation last year that would give definition and effect to the "ability to repay" provisions, and we inherited that proposal when we opened for business last July. We have had the benefit of extensive public comment on the proposal, and we have ourselves undertaken a significant analytical effort — with a cross-functional team of economists, lawyers, and market experts.
We are considering a wide range of issues. First and foremost, we want to ensure that consumers are not sold mortgages they do not understand and cannot afford. We want to minimize compliance burden where possible, in part through the careful definition of those lower-risk "qualified mortgages." We want to ensure that, as the market stabilizes over time, every segment of prudent loans has the benefit of sufficient investor appetite and a competitive market. We want to avoid any inappropriate disincentive that would prevent lenders from making prudent, profitable loans in seemingly higher-risk or non-traditional segments — like loans to self-employed borrowers.
We want to enable the mortgage market to do what other free and efficient markets do as a matter of course: take smart, prudent, profitable risks; treat customers fairly; and serve customers well. We want consumer finance markets to work.
I've gone through a lot of policy talk, but I'd like to close by giving you a sense of the CFPB itself. I joined the Bureau more than 18 months ago. I joined, just like everyone joined, because the mission was so clear, and so clearly important.
I am immensely proud of the good work we are doing. I suspect that probably came out in my comments today.
I am proud of the talented team we have assembled. A commitment to exceptional talent is built into the very DNA of the Bureau.
And maybe most of all, I am proud of the institution we are building. And key to building the institution is embracing a core set of values — those non-negotiable items that guide not just the work we do, but how we do it, now and in the future. My shorthand for our values: service, innovation, and leadership.
By "service," I mean that we at the CFPB know that it is our privilege to serve our country. I do not exaggerate when I say that I want the Bureau to be the best place to serve your country if you aren't wearing a uniform.
By "innovation" I mean that the CFPB should embrace the promise of never resting on our laurels, never letting up, never being afraid to do things better merely because they have been done well enough before. It also means that when something new doesn't work, you stop doing it and find another way.
And by "leadership" I mean something special. Leadership means a lot of different things to a lot of different people. And let me tell you, all of those people are wrong. The right definition of leadership is that when you see a problem, you get off of the sideline, you get into the game, and you make a difference. At the Bureau, we are getting off of the sidelines, we are getting into the game, and we are going to make a difference. And we thank you for doing the same. You wouldn't be in this room if you didn't understand the importance of leadership in these times.
Greenlining, I'd like to thank you for your help as we work to achieve our goals. Like I said, this mission requires hard work, backbone, and common sense, but together we can do it, and I think we are all on our way. Thank you.


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Creating Equity in STEM
About UCSC
Campus Housing
Presentation Day Videos
Mentor News
SIP 2021 Reunion
Recent Research Projects
2021 Presentation Day
Raja GuhaThakurta
Founder and Faculty Director
Raja GuhaThakurta (PhD, Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton Univ.) is a Professor and Department Chair of Astronomy and Astrophysics at UC Santa Cruz. He founded SIP in 2009. He and his students and postdocs have mentored many SIP interns. Raja also has a parent's perspective: his daughter was a SIP intern. He launched the Global SPHERE Network in 2017 with help from Google, New York Academy of Sciences, and others to enhance STEM research opportunities for high school students, especially underrepresented students, around the world. In 2018, he and his students started PyaR (Python and Research), a free online programming tutorial. Raja teaches astrophysics for UCSC COSMOS, algebra for Project for Inmate Education at Santa Cruz County Jail, introductory astronomy at UCSC, and is active in outreach. He studies galaxy formation, mergers, dark matter, etc. using the Keck and Hubble telescopes. His webpage contains links to a selection of his public talks, media coverage of his research, publications, and art.
Alexandria Leckliter
EPC K–12 STEM Outreach Director
Alexandria Leckliter serves on the SIP management team, and also as the K–12 STEM Outreach Director for UC Santa Cruz's Educational Partnership Center. She oversees program operations, mentors, and facilitates SIP's collaboration with other K–12 outreach programs at the university. She also works with other Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) outreach programs for youth including the MESA (Mathematics Engineering Science Achievement) Schools Program, COSMOS (California State Summer School for Mathematics and Science), and GIE (Girls in Engineering). Alexandria is passionate about STEM education and working with youth. She earned her BA in Environmental Studies and BS in Biology from UCSC. She is a former science teacher and has worked in STEM education for the last 15 years. She loves working with students and spending her summers with SIP. Alexandria's favorite activities outside of work include playing with her two kids, going to the beach, and camping with her family.
Sierra Schneider
Sierra Schneider comes to SIP with 20+ years of experience in residential and outdoor science education, including 7+ years in support of several pre-college outreach programs at UCSC's Educational Partnership Center. Her BA in Environmental Studies from the Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, and her MA in Holistic Counseling Psychology and Buddhist Psychology from John F. Kennedy Univ. are reflective of her background working with students in nature, and her commitment to the support of the whole student. She believes in the power of the residential life learning community to ground SIP interns in their emerging identities as scientists, researchers, and young adults. Outside of her work with SIP, Sierra is an artist and a writer, and has exhibited her work in galleries around Santa Cruz and Northern California. She draws great inspiration from the mountains and coast of Santa Cruz County.
Carolyn Rosevelt
Carolyn brings to the Educational Partnership Center over 10 years of experience in project management, research, and education and proudly serves the Science Internship Program as the Operations Coordinator. Her background also includes mentoring, marine science, and science communication. In 2016 she was awarded honors in Outstanding Partnership from NASA for collaborative research on the impacts of drought on agriculture across California. She loves making connections with students and collaborators and feels honored to play a part in supporting UC Santa Cruz and its global impact. Carolyn is also a Banana Slug and received her BA from UC Santa Cruz in Environmental Studies and her MS degree in Coastal and Watershed Science and Policy from California State University, Monterey Bay. When not coordinating SIP, she is a conservation and wildlife writer, explorer of nature, and film enthusiast.
For questions about the Science Internship Program, please contact the program staff at ucsc-sip@ucsc.edu.
For urgent or time-critical matters only, the program staff may be reached at: (831)459-4440, but please keep in mind that email is likely to be answered more promptly than voicemail.
We appreciate the excellent contributions of the following individuals toward the building and maintenance of the SIP application management system, website, and program infrastructure:
Nina Arnberg (Menlo School; SIP mentor liaison)
Jessica Barron (COSMOS, UCSC; SIP operations)
Olivia Bott (former UCSC student; SIP Program Assistant)
Emily Entress Clark (Castilleja School; SIP and Global SPHERE Network partner liaison)
Abbi Davis (SIP fundraising)
Susan Grasso (MESA, UCSC; SIP administration)
Gina Hernan (Math department, UCSC; SIP administration)
Anand Lallria (UCSC student; SIP operations)
Peter Minogue (Office of Research, UCSC; SIP website)
Marlee Perez (former UCSC Student; SIP Operations Coordinator)
Ana Rodarte (MESA, UCSC; SIP housing)
Bob Stillerman (RS International Consulting; SIP application management system)
Christy Tall (UCSC Educational Parnership Center; Associate Director of Development)
Brian Tuan (SIP alumnus; SIP website)
Atticus Woodbury (former UCSC student; SIP operations)
Joanne Yamaguma (retired; SIP administration)
The SIP team at the 2019 reunion