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Home » Auto News » Ford Threatens to Pull F-150 Lightning Allocations from Greedy Dealers
Ford Threatens to Pull F-150 Lightning Allocations from Greedy Dealers
Ford recently opened the order books for its F-150 Lightning, the day after the Chevy Silverado EV was revealed. The Blue Oval's electric pickup is coming soon, and to make sure the process for customers is as streamlined as possible, the automaker supposedly had some strong words for its dealer network concerning markups.
"It has come to our attention that a limited number of dealerships are interacting with customers in a manner that is negatively impacting customers satisfaction and damaging the Ford Motor Company brand," a document that was posted to the F150Gen14 forums reads. Referring specifically to "additional deposits or payments", it says that "these actions are perceived as threatening customers by withholding their opportunity to convert reservations to orders."
A handful of Ford dealers made headlines late last year by telling reservation holders they could pay thousands of dollars more and effectively jump the line. Since dealers are only awarded so many order allocations, a number that was dwarfed by total Lightning reservations, some have tried to capitalize and make extra profit in the process. One particular store promised an order allocation to the first 20 customers who'd pay an additional $5,000, meaning a cool six-figure payday for them on top of the actual sales of each vehicle.
The paper in question was posted in light of this and all the Bronco markups that left a lot of Dearborn diehards feeling cast aside. Ford is definitely aware of this, and with hype for the F-150 Lightning reaching similar levels, it doesn't want a repeat of the social media onslaught caused by its franchises. A spokesperson for the automaker confirmed this in an email to The Drive.
"We've heard a limited number of dealerships are interacting with customers in a manner that is negatively impacting customer satisfaction," they explained. "If Ford determines that a dealership is engaging in such practices, we reserve the right to redirect that dealership's allocation of the F-150 Lightning for the entirety of the 2022 model year."
Aside from the statement we received, the document is pretty clear, too. It cites a specific portion of its "Sales and Service" agreement which, in a nutshell, says that dealers are required to make other franchises look good, make the products look good, and above all, make Ford look good. If they aren't doing that, there's going to be a problem for them. More specifically, an allocation problem. "Ford Motor Company reserves the right to redirect [a] dealership's allocation of the F-150 Lightning for the entirety of the 2022 MY," it states. That's a big deal, but the spokesperson I talked with noted that Ford believes these markups are "tactics used by a limited number of dealers," and that this issue isn't widespread.
Furthermore, if a dealer won't budge on these "additional deposits or payments," the representative noted that customers will "have the ability to transfer their order to another dealer through the Customer Resource Center." So even if the franchise isn't playing ball, Ford says it will still try to help you find a truck without ridiculous market adjustments.
The document posted to the F150Gen14 forums also states that Ford wants customers to sign a "No-Sale provision" at the time of purchase to ensure the truck isn't flipped as soon as it rolls off the lot—something that happened with a fair amount of Broncos. The text of this provision states that the buyer must hold the truck one year before selling it, or else there could be a legal fight. The representative did not comment on this portion of the document, though it's something Ford and several other automakers have done before, so it's not totally out of the realm of possibility.
So there you have it: Ford is taking more steps to crack down on dealers who want to squeeze their customers for cash. Along with the alleged no-sale provision, flipping should be reduced as well. Markups will find a way through the cracks, for sure, but there's bound to be far fewer given the steps the Blue Oval is taking.
Got a tip or question for the author? You can reach them here: [email protected]
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DOT Asks, and Gets an Earful from West Siders
Howard/Stein-Hudson consultant Chris Ryan directs UWS traffic
Over 200 Upper West Siders turned out last night to tell the DOT what they think of street conditions in their neighborhood.
Held at John Jay College Auditorium on 10th Avenue and 58th Street, the premiere "listening session" of the West Side Transportation Study attracted "one of the larger turnouts" for a kickoff meeting, said moderator Arnold Bloch, of DOT consultants Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates. Covering West 55th to 86th Streets from Central Park West to the Hudson, the study aims to assess existing and future conditions through 2016, and to "develop short term, medium term, and long term improvement measures in consultation with stakeholders."
Such abstractions were not what at least one resident had in mind. As Bloch outlined the night's agenda — the crowd would be dispersed into groups for "breakout sessions," which would consist of even smaller groups discussing a particular street use issue — an elderly woman said she had expected some direct face time with DOT. Once she was assured that her specific concerns could be addressed by one of the many DOT personnel on hand, and after obligatory appearances by elected officials (including Borough President Scott Stringer and Council Member Gale Brewer, who helped bring about the study), attendees were shuffled off to different rooms.
There were about 40 people in my group, the majority of them in their fifties or older. At least one was in a wheelchair, and one was sight-impaired. Our Howard/Stein-Hudson moderator explained that street use issues would be lumped into five discussion topics: congestion, curb space, safety, "travel challenges," and quality of life. As we were about to be broken up into groups (one for each topic), an elderly lady — possibly the same one from the auditorium, but I don't think so — incited a mini-revolt, insisting it would be better if DOT staff could hear each citizen out individually. This led to a bit of a clamor before our moderator convinced everyone that the breakout session method was the best way to have everyone's comments incorporated into the study.
I listened in on group discussions around the room. Here's some of what was on people's minds:
intrusion of newsracks, phone booths, parking meters and other "sidewalk furniture"
bike lanes (need more)
jaywalking pedestrians (need fewer)
staggering shift changes for cab drivers
ADA compliance by the city, including disabled access to sidewalks, crosswalks and buses
better sidewalk illumination
signage at every intersection
clearly indicated building numbers on all buildings
noise from garbage trucks, fire trucks, buses and motorcycles
pollution from buses
horn-honking
"no one knows what a fire lane is" anymore
dominance of construction scaffolding
drivers should leave addresses and phone numbers in car windows
controlled truck entrances into Manhattan
no SUV tax breaks
parking for 100 percent of residents in new construction projects
park-and-ride lots outside of Midtown, or in New Jersey
angled parking on one side of residential streets to cut own on double-parking
bike riding on sidewalks
community board participation in congestion pricing
study should extend to 96th Street
are police overworked?
abuse of parking placards by press, police and other government employees
"One of the most wonderful things that could happen in this city is if the police actually obeyed the law."
According to study literature, representatives from DOT, City Planning, the NYC Economic Development Corporation, NYC Transit, MTA and the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council will comprise a technical advisory committee to help analyze area demographics; land use and zoning; auto traffic; pedestrian and bike volumes; five-year crash data; parking; transit; and commercial truck movement — all of which will be used to formulate "improvement packages" for the study's final report.
Those who missed the meeting may submit comments here.
Streetsblog would like to hear from readers who attended. What were your impressions?
Filed Under: DOT, Manhattan, Quality of Life, Transportation Policy, Upper West Side, Upper West Side Streets Renaissance, Urban Planning
Charlie D.
I think whoever thought of that one needs to rethink what they are actually asking for and what the effects would be.
Glenn McAnanama
I was in group C, issue #1, curbside space. My personal thanks to the guy in the I Love NY T-shirt for being our presenter to the group.
We had a very solid group that really, really though we could do better than give away for free all this public space to long term storage of automobiles. We came away with three main points:
1. Market based pricing of all different types of curbside car parking, from short term deliveries to long term residential parking permits. The idea is to both discourage driving as much as possible and eliminate double parking or loading/unloading in the street.
2. Higher diversity of uses of curbside space to move pedestrian obstacles (trash, newsracks, cafes, etc) into the street in place of parked cars.
3. More room for mass transit and higher priority for lanes that service buses and HOVs
eco wiz
They should install a left turn arrow for east bound w 79th street at Amsterdam. This is a very DANGEROUS crossing. Lots of cars try to jump ahead of west bound traffic putting children who are in the north crosswalk either on their way to or from the museum. I have seen at least four people hit by left turning cars.
DOT's $200-Million Rotunda Fix Leaves Cyclists in Danger
By David Meyer	| Dec 20, 2018
It's simply a plan that does not make sense, Upper West Siders say.
Manhattan Board Rejects DOT Rotunda Plan
By Eve Kessler	| Jun 5, 2019
The Department of Transportation must go back to the drawing board with its controversial $200-million redesign of the 79th Street rotunda because the current proposal remains unsafe for cyclists, a Manhattan community board voted on Tuesday night. Community Board 7 resolved Tuesday night to "disapprove" of DOT's plan for the Robert Moses-built, 70-year-old structure that […]
Mapping Out a Route for the Hudson River Greenway in the Bronx
By Stephen Miller	| Dec 5, 2013
In 1991, Governor Mario Cuomo signed the Hudson River Valley Greenway Act, setting in motion the design and construction of a continuous walking and biking route along the river, from Manhattan to Saratoga County. More than two decades later, the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council — the NYC-area regional planning agency — has come up with […]
Op-ed: DOT Rebuffs Community on Riverside Park Rotunda Traffic Safety
By Mark Gorton	| May 17, 2019
Last October, the Department of Transportation presented to Community Board 7 a $150- to 200-million plan to renovate the Rotunda at West 79th Street in Riverside Park. The Rotunda is topped by a traffic circle that cyclists use to get to the Hudson River Greenway, the busiest bike route in the country. For years, cyclists […]
Back to The Drawing Board: DOT Reconsidering Its Dangerous 79th Street Rotunda Upgrade
By David Meyer	| Jan 31, 2019
But it's unclear what the "fix" will be.
CB 12's Bike Resolution Testifies to Uptown Support for Safer Streets
In the wake of its long-planned bike lane forum, Manhattan Community Board 12 has finalized a resolution calling for a major study of bike infrastructure of Upper Manhattan, available in full above. Overall it's a strong demonstration of support for the expansion of bikeways in the area. Perhaps most importantly, the resolution, which passed by […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A 3-1 against Forfar Athletic at Station Park this afternoon saw Saints progress into the second round of the Betfred Cup.
Saints started brightly however, it was the League One side that took the lead on 16 minutes when Forfar Athletic player/assistant manager John Baird converted a Jamie Bain cutback.
Saints though fought back and were level on 42 minutes when a Scott Tanser cross was headed home by Tony Watt.
The second half was a much-improved performance as Saints became more clinical in front of goal. David McMillan put Saints into the lead when he converted a great through ball from Liam Gordon on 51 minutes. Then a fantastic strike from Matty Kennedy on 62 minutes finished the game off as a contest.
Today's result sees Saints finish top of Group B with 11 points and attention now turns to tomorrow's second round draw to see who Saints will play.
Saints made the trip to Angus today to take on League One side Forfar Athletic in their final group game of the Betfred Cup knowing that if they avoided defeat they would win Group B and progress to the next round. Tommy Wright made three changes to the side that defeated Falkirk 1-0 on Tuesday evening as Steven Anderson, Liam Craig and Stefan Scougall all dropped to the bench. They were replaced by Jason Kerr, Matty Kennedy and David McMillian. Whilst there was a place on the bench for keeper Conor Mitchell who had joined the club this week on a season-long loan deal from English Premiership side Burnley. Forfar Athletic, who are managed by former Saints captain Jim Weir, also made three changes to their starting line-up that defeated Montrose 3-1 on Wednesday evening. Out went Willie Muir, Darren Whyte and the suspended Andy Munro to be replaced Marc McCallum, Gary Fraser and former Saints player Eddie Malone. There was also a place in the starting line-up for another former Saints player Dylan Easton.
Forfar got the match underway but it was Saints who created the first chance of the game on 5 minutes as they were awarded a free kick following a foul by Jamie Bain on Tony Watt. The free kick was taken by Matty Kennedy however, his effort from 30 yards went wide of the target. Then a couple of minutes later Saints were awarded another free kick which was taken by David Wotherspoon, who was captain today, however, he couldn't get his curling effort on target.
Forfar did have chances of their own and on 14 minutes Dale Hilson did well to evade the challenge from Liam Gordon before getting a shot away however, his effort did not have much power in it to trouble Zander Clark. However, the Loons took the lead 2 minutes later as Hilson fed the ball to Jamie Bain and the defender produced a good cutback which was latched onto by John Baird and his first-time shot went high past Clark and into the net off the bar.
Saints then went in search of an immediate response and Matty Kennedy's shot on 17 minutes was well saved by Marc McCallum. Then on 19 minutes Kennedy whipped in a good corner from the left which found Tony Watt whose angled shot was pushed away by McCallum.
Saints continued to press and on 24 minutes Watt did well to get away from his man before crossing the ball into the box to Murray Davidson however, the Saints midfielder put his first-time effort well over.
Saints were seeing a lot of the ball however, they were struggling to breakdown a well organised Forfar defence. On 42 minutes David McMillan slipped the ball out wide to Scott Tanser and the left-back whipped a great ball back into the box and Watt rose to plant a good downward header past McCallum from 8 yards to level the match.
Tony Watt thought he had his and Saints second of the game 40 seconds into the second half after a good ball by Wotherspoon was converted by the Saints striker however, the goal was ruled out by the far side linesman as Watt was deemed to have been in an offside position.
On 48 minutes Dylan Easton setup Hilson however, the effort from the Forfar striker lacked power as Clark easily gathered. Then a minute later Clark was called into action again as he palmed away a powerful Thomas Reilly strike.
Play then switched to the other end as on 51 minutes a great through ball by Liam Gordon was latched onto by David McMillan and the striker sent his angled shot past the helpless McCallum to give Saints the lead.
On 62 minutes Saints further extended their lead as Matty Kennedy cut in from the left before unleashed a fantastic effort from about 25 yards that flew high into the top corner of the net giving McCallum no chance for his first goal for the club.
That goal effectively finished the game as a contest as Saints went on to control large spells of the half. On 77 minutes Scott Tanser and Drey Wright linked up well down the left as the latter broke into the box before having a shot which was well saved by McCallum.
With 10 minutes remaining the hosts were awarded a free kick following a foul by Jason Kerr on Dale Hilson. However, Gary Fraser's effort was straight at the Saints wall and the follow-up ball into the box was gathered by Clark.
Saints went on the attack again and came very close to a fourth as on 81 minutes Watt slipped the ball to Richard Foster whose ball across the face of the Forfar goal found the unmarked Wright however, the midfielder's effort crashed off the bar. Then shortly after a Wright corner picked out Gordon who couldn't get his header on target.
As the match headed towards added on time Saints continued to press for a fourth goal as a Stefan Scougall corner from the left broke to Davidson whose effort hit the post before being turned behind for another corner. Overall, it was a good win for Saints which sees them win Group B and progress to the next round. All eyes will now be on tomorrow's draw to see who Saints will face in the next round.


The energy transition not only needs to reduce carbon emissions, but also strengthen communities. The gap between social sciences and natural sciences must be breached. Craig Morris explains why.
When I am asked whether Germany will reach its goals for the share of renewables and/or carbon emissions, I never know how to answer the question. It could; it's technically possible. But it won't unless we expand our concern beyond coal power and start focusing on mobility and buildings today. Cars sold this year will affect the outcome in 2030; new buildings and renovations, the outcomes in 2040 and 2050. I see little effort being made to ensure that all construction and renovation today are carbon-neutral. A focus on behavioral change would help.
Over the past two years, I have worked at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), which brings the social sciences into the discussion. A book I co-authored with Arne Jungjohann (submitted in early 2016) is entitled Energy Democracy because we embed the energy sector in society, specifically investigating political-science findings about what makes Germany different, how its democracy functions comparably well, how the prevailing German philosophy of economics differs from the one in the English-speaking world, and why German conservatives are so often conservationists.
For instance, the recent rise of populism (such as Donald Trump's election) took many by surprise, but not me and not sociologists. They have been pointing out the disparity between facts and feelings for decades. The American Republican Party increasingly listened to the sociologists – but worked to exploit that disparity, not close it, as the sociologists doubtlessly would have preferred.
In his frightening book Climate crisis and the Democratic prospect, political scientist Frank Fischer provides a wonderful overview (viewable here at Google Books) summing up such prominent voices who have claimed over the past few decades that the crisis of the day – now the climate but previously resources – require that we (temporarily) shut down democracy, which doesn't move fast enough.
China may be evolving into such an eco-dictatorship. The Chinese are stepping away from coal, building more wind and solar than any other country by far, buying more electric vehicles than anyone else, and Chinese leaders take climate change seriously. They do not coordinate policies with the public. Is that path better?
Fischer says no, and I concur. No group of experts can speak for everyone, which is why democracy will always be needed.
Take this podcast between Vox's Ezra Klein and Harvard's Steven Pinker. They present opponents of nuclear power as being unscientific and irrational. Of course, the country with the most experience integrating solar and wind in a nuclear-rich power supply is Germany, and the Germans have reached a different conclusion about nuclear as part of a mitigation toolbox. As I document in my recent IASS discussion paper entitled Can reactors react? (PDF), the debate in English sounds uninformed today compared to what the Germans were openly discussing a decade ago. Most importantly, calling opponents of nuclear unscientific and irrational does not address the actual issues hampering nuclear power. Klein and Pinker should explain why the French, who are genuinely concerned about climate change, are switching from nuclear to wind and solar – are they really just misinformed?
I'm glad people like Klein and Pinker, though I hold both in very high esteem, don't make decisions for me. In the spirit of science, maybe we can agree that experiments are needed; some countries can try to keep or add nuclear, maybe even trying to mix it in with wind and solar (which will not work, as they will discover – see my discussion paper). Other countries can go with renewables and leave out nuclear, and we'll meet in 2050 and see who has fared better.
If there is a golden path to climate change mitigation, experiments will waste time; several degrees of warming may occur. But we don't agree on what that golden path is, and rather than work out our differences, we agree to disagree (which is not scientific).
Most of all, global action is needed, and there is no global government – not a democratic one nor a dictatorship. The discussion about the need to temporarily bench democracy is therefore beside the point.
I recently reviewed the novel Unterleuten on the IASS blog. That book really made me realize that that our transition to low-carbon economies is a one-time, fundamental change from the public's viewpoint. We are currently redesigning our world. That's exciting, but it's also not the way we talk about it.
We could ask people: how would you like to improve your community?
civilization is on a path to destruction because we will fail to do either of the above.
I roughly fall into the second category. While I don't deny that we can screw this transition up, I like to remind people where happiness comes from: friendships and community. It specifically does not come from material well-being, at least not once a certain basic level of comfort has been attained (such as clean water, electricity, good housing, and personal safety). So the transition not only needs to reduce carbon emissions, but also strengthen communities and overcome the isolation that people increasingly suffer from (the British Minister for Loneliness could be a step in the right direction).
For instance, moving away from privately owned cars will not only help protect the climate, but also bring people together. Road rage will become a thing of the past. People help those needing assistance hoisting luggage onto a rack on a train. When I bump into someone on a train or bus, we look at each other, and I apologize. We may even start talking to each other. If a small lady needs help hoisting her bag into the overhead rack, of course I help. But you cut me off on a road at your peril. Long commutes, especially alone in cars, make us unhealthy and unhappy.
The need to bring people together is one reason I am skeptical of nuclear power. Up to now, the technology has required too much secrecy, thereby undermining good governance – and hence democracy. It creates a small group of powerful corporations, increasing market barriers for new players and alternative technologies. Communities and citizens have never made their own nuclear power. And nuclear continues to divide public opinion, not rally a population behind an idea the way the Energiewende has in Germany. For decades, France tried to make nuclear power part of a grand vision for the country. Today, the French remain divided over nuclear, and the past two governments have begun efforts to switch from nuclear to renewables. If the French cannot identify with nuclear after all of their experience, why do we think anyone else would?
Finally, I have met numerous people in the past few years who helped negotiate the Paris Accord. They are good folks doing good work. But the Paris Accord mainly reveals how far we have to go, not that we are going faster.
What's more, the wording of the agreement itself shows how marginalized my focus on social benefits – the need for the transition to create community – still is. Novelist Amitav Ghosh put it best in his book The great derangement when he compared the Paris Accord with Pope Francis' Laudato Si.
So there I stand, a boy from the Bible Belt with a Catholic upbringing and two degrees in English and German literature, siding with a novelist and the Pope in the midst of a climate debate I find too technocratic.
And Portugal is just starting with PV going big.
It is just as well that the transition can be carried out both by authoritarian political systems (China, the Gulf states) and democratic ones like Germany, Denmark and Costa Rica.
Beijing has been pushing distributed solar generation for years, for a purely technical reason: to reduce the transmission bottleneck that comes from building hundreds of big solar and wind farms in remote western provinces. The drive has had limited success, perhaps because rooftop solar requires treating subjects as citizens.
The British Minister for Loneliness is as yet by herself.
Here in Eastern Germany, the most likely way for a young adult to die is in a car, on the way home from a party with a group of friends distracting the designated driver. That's what all those little crosses and shrines are about that you might have seen alongside the rural roads around Berlin. My parents, who generally saw no need to give me any strict rules about things like time to be home and who started pressuring me to try alcoholic drinks under supervision when I was only 14, actually forbade me to ever get in a car with my school friends for the purpose of getting home from cinema or birthday parties, no matter the hour of night or the weather – even though my group of friends was basically teetotal.
There are many reasons why carpooling makes sense (though my social anxiety plagued self is glad that my living situation means I don't have to drive at all, as most things of everyday need are reachable by bicycle or walking in this suburb, and we're connected to Berlin by train), but safer driving is just not one of those reasons.
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For the next six months Lydia will be working at Madame Tussaud's London. She can be found performing in their live action horror maze Scream and entertaining the crowds at the Marvel 4D experience and Tussaud's culture zones, as well as elsewhere throughout the attraction.
Training has begun and is going fantastically!


Nurofen Express Tablets 256mg 16 packMedicinal product. For relief of headache, period pain, dental pain, feverishness, migraine, backache, muscular pain, rheumatic pain, neuralgia, cold and flu symptoms. Active ingredients, Sodium Ibuprofen 256mg . Please read enclosed leaflet carefully before use. Do not give to children under 12 years old. Store out of reach and sight of children.


An introduction to observational drawing and contemporary drawing practice. Subjects will include architecture, objects, landscape, and the figure. Traditional and non-traditional media will be explored. Emphasis on technical skill, perceptual development, and critical skills.


Our home had the gamut of issues - spots and stains on carpets and upholstery, pet urine problems, and a heavily soiled, very old oriental rug. The technician, Bruce, took a long time to evaluate our issues and explain our options. He was incredibly informative - I learned things I was never told by my salesmen or designer. Our carpets and upholstery now look great, our home no longer has that pesky urine odor, and even our oriental rug was returned to us in great shape, with the damaged fringe replaced. I would highly recommend their services and expertise.


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Лёгкий танк Mk.VII «Тетрарх» (, от  — «тетрарх»), A17 — британский лёгкий аэротранспортабельный танк времён Второй мировой войны для воздушно-десантных войск; в частности, их можно было высаживать при помощи десантных планеров типа «Гамилькар».

История создания
Разрабатывался фирмой «Виккерс» в 1938—1940 годах для замены устаревшего Mk VI. Прототип танка А17Е1 был изготовлен весной 1938 года. Испытания прошли успешно и танк запустили в серию под обозначением Light Tank Mk.VII; в конце сентября 1941 года машину переименовали в Tetrarch I.

Однако из-за неудовлетворительных результатов, показанных в ходе его эксплуатации в 1-й бронетанковой дивизии, производство «Тетрарха», после выпуска 100 машин первого заказа, было прекращено. Специфичность ходовой части позволяла нормально передвигаться только по дорогам с твердым покрытием. Так же выяснилось, что в жарком климате Ближнего Востока мотор перегревается. Впрочем, нишу для ненужного танка вскоре нашли: во второй половине 1942 года его было решено использовать как аэротранспортабельный.

Серийное производство
Серийное производство «Тетрарха» осуществляла Metropolitan Cammell Carriage & Wagon Company (MCCW). Оно велось с 1940 по 1942 год; общий выпуск составил 100 экземпляров (регистрационные номера T.9266 — T.9365).

В ноябре — декабре 1940 года выпустили 15 танков. В первом квартале 1941 года сдача танков не производилась: у первой партии выявили некоторые недостатки, которые требовалось срочно устранить. Во втором квартале сдали 30 танков, 20 — в третьем и 23 — в четвертом. Последние 12 танков были сданы в начале 1942 года.

Описание конструкции
Экипаж состоял из трёх человек: командир, наводчик (по совместительству заряжающий) и механик-водитель. Ходовая часть танка на рессорной подвеске имела 8 катков (четыре на борт) большого диаметра. Для поворотов использовалась рулевая колонка. 12-цилиндровый двигатель мощностью 180 л. с. находился в задней части танка. Для связи с другими танками использовалась радиостанция «Тип 9».

Броневой корпус и башня
Броневой корпус и башня собирались на заклёпках из катаной брони толщиной от 10 до 16 мм.

Вооружение
Вооружение «Тетрарха» по меркам довоенного времени было значительным. На танк устанавливалась 40-мм пушка QFSА, 7,92-мм пулемет BESA, а также две мортирки для дымовых гранат. На части танков была установлена 76-мм гаубица.

Двигатель и трансмиссия
Двигатель танка Meadows MAT имел мощность 180 л. с. Коробка передач обеспечивала танку движение с пятью передачами вперёд и одной назад. Танк развивал максимальную скорость 64 км/ч по твёрдому грунту и 45 км/ч по мягкому.

Ходовая часть
Особенностью ходовой части танка было то, что при повороте опорные катки могли качаться, что вкупе с изгибающейся гусеничной цепью позволяло хорошо маневрировать. Плюсом ко всему этому была рулевая колонка автомобильного типа, с помощью которой рулевые тяги отклоняли опорные катки и ведущие колеса на соответствующий угол от их стандартного положения. Теоретически это должно было улучшить управление танком. Но в практике повернуть руль мог не каждый, из-за механических приводов от рулевой колонки к каткам усилие на руле было весьма значительным. Особенно это проявлялось при вождении по мягкому грунту.

Боевое применение
Первым получателем танков стала 1-я бронетанковая дивизия, которая к концу июня 1941 года получила 33 Light Tank Mk.VII, 20 из которых в начале 1942 года убыли в СССР.

«Тетрарх» ограниченно использовался британскими войсками в боях 1942—1944 годов. Первым его боевым применением стала высадка 12 танков на остров Мадагаскар в составе Легкого Эскадрона C Специального Назначения Королевского Танкового Корпуса в мае 1942 года. В ходе боев с войсками Виши было потеряно 10 машин. В роли авиадесантного использовался при высадке в Нормандии. Непосредственно в высадке участвовали 20 танков 6-го авиадесантного бронетанкового разведывательного полка. Они доставлялись на планерах Hamilcar Mk.I во второй волне высадки. Некоторое время танки продолжали использоваться, как разведчики, но ввиду малой эффективности до начала осени были выведены из боевого состава. После войны оставался  на вооружении до конца 1940-х годов. В незначительных количествах Mk VII поставлялся также в годы войны в СССР по программе ленд-лиза. В 1942 году в бронетанковые и механизированные войска РККА через Иран попала партия из двадцати «Тетрархов». По результатам испытаний, не считая слабой брони, танк советским танкистам понравился. 40-мм орудие было довольно приличным вооружением для лёгкого танка, также была отмечена хорошая манёвренность и удобство управления с помощью рулевого колеса. Была оценена и достаточно высокая проходимость по пересечённой местности. Кроме этого, «Тетрарх» потреблял бензин второго сорта. Первоначально эти танки поступили на охранение границы с Северным Ираном, через который доставлялась военная помощь от союзников. В 1943 году они участвовали в боях на Северном Кавказе, ко 2 октября была потеряна последняя машина этого типа.

Модификации
 Tetrarch Mk I — основная производственная версия;
 Tetrarch Mk I CS — прототип, вооружённый 75-мм гаубицей;
 Tetrarch DD — прототип, переоборудованный в плавающий танк по системе Duplex Drive (DD).

Экспорт
Единственной страной, которая получила эти танки, был СССР. В январе 1942 года было поставлено 20 танков. 19 поступили в 151-ю танковую бригаду Закавказского фронта, а один — на НИБТ полигон в Кубинке.

Все три сохранившихся к 1 июня 1945 года танка находились в военных округах.

Состоял на вооружении
  Великобритания — 80
  СССР — 20 танков.

Фотогалерея

В компьютерных играх
Mk.VII «Tetrarch» представлен в ММО-игре World of Tanks Blitz как коллекционный лёгкий танк СССР II уровня.

Mk.VII «Tetrarch» представлен в ММО-игре World of Tanks как премиумный лёгкий танк СССР II уровня.

Mk.VII «Tetrarch» в игре «В тылу врага: Штурм 2» является лёгким танком Британии.

Mk.VII «Tetrarch» в игре «Company of Heroes: Opposing Fronts» является лёгким танком 2-й британской армии и используемый в ветке командира Королевских Коммандос.

Mk.VII «Tetrarch» представлен в ММО-игре War Thunder как резервный лёгкий танк Британии I ранга.

Mk.VII «Tetrarch» представлен в игре Блицкриг II: Освобождение как лёгкий танк Британии.

См. также
 M22 Locust
 А-40
 Тип 3 Ку-Ро
 M3 Stuart

Примечания

Литература
 М. Барятинский. Бронетанковая техника Великобритании 1939—1945 гг. (танки, САУ). — М.: Бронеколлекция, выпуск № 4, 1996.

Ссылки

 «Тетрарх» на Броне-Сайте Чобитка Василия
 «Тетрарх» на wwiivehicles.com
 Сайт Александра Зорича, Черные бушлаты, Битва за Новороссийск. Танковый десант в Южной Озерейке. «Малая земля». Прорыв «Голубой линии».

Танки по алфавиту
Танки Великобритании периода Второй мировой войны
Лёгкие танки
Авиадесантные танки
Танки с бензиновым двигателем

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Metro Urology is the only practice in Minnesota to offer a new minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) called Rezum®. Rezum is an office treatment that uses thermal energy in water vapor to remove obstructive tissue around the prostate. Metro Urology is the largest private urology practice in Minnesota. Specialists see patients in the United Specialty Center at the Apple Valley Medical Center. For more information about Rezum, visit www.metro-urology.com/men-enlarged-prostate-bph.php.


The Noir series is inspired by the artist's fondness for Hollywood's film noir period, which lasted from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. This is evidenced in Moran's use of strong blacks, moody atmosphere and formal composition.
An aura of mystery is evoked in the photographs, soliciting a spark of imagination, leading viewers to construct their own narratives.
The photographs are expertly printed as silver gelatin prints, resulting in a lush in tonal range.
Thank you for your interest in the artwork of Robert Moran, we will respond to your inquiry very shortly.


text:
Roset-Fluans è un comune francese di 461 abitanti situato nel dipartimento del Doubs nella regione della Borgogna-Franca Contea.

Società

Evoluzione demografica

Note

Altri progetti

Roset-Fluans


text:
We Are Tater - E4: Appreciate the Doubters
by John Orzechowski
There are a lot of experiences that have shaped the company, some which have set the precedent. Naysayers and the underlying premise of you'll never make it is what drove Freddie and the crew to push along. Tater from it's infancy was being compared to the largest players in the industry - while the comparison at the time was unfair, it was what ultimately drove the company to be where it stands today.
Yo soy Aaron Bracho, y yo soy Tater (I am Aaron Bracho, and I am Tater)
I'm Quentin Holmes, and I am Tater
I am Onix Vega, and I'm Tater
Miah: Welcome everyone, we're here back for another episode of We Are Tater. I'm your host alongside, Freddie. Let's talk about this first episode. This is gonna be a jam-packed one. It's gonna be kick-ass. We're gonna talk about what makes Tater undeniable. What drives us and what keeps us going. This first story is a good one so we're just gonna jump right into it. Freddie let's go.
Freddie: So, I know we talked about the Tater Kong, 2015, a couple other things, but there's a lot of underlying, you know, the underlying premise of the Tater Kong and why we had a chip on our shoulder, why we wanted to make something of that nature. There was a lot of experiences that I think were, you know, we didn't really want to talk about in the beginning because we didn't know how the podcast was going to be. But with all the good feedback and great feedback everybody's been giving us, you know, some people who do know those stories say hey you should just share it, why not? I mean this one is really what sets the precedent when we first started the company, was, you know, when we talked about I was leaving my lunch break for my job I'd go to different facilities and show off the bats and I would I'll just try to get people to either learn about the brand, demo the bats out, and it was like there's always this recurring theme where it's like, well you're not so so-and-so. You're not this company. You're not that company and I'm not gonna drop any company names. But you're talking about the biggest companies in the industry that have been around for over a hundred years. I'm like well yeah I'm a 24 year old, college graduate, literally graduated like four months ago, with 100 bucks in my pocket. Yeah I'm not a multi-million dollar company. But where we win is going to be on quality. And there's been times, countless times, where I would go into a place and they'd be like hey you're pretty smart. How much do they pay you to work at Tater? And I'm like no I'm like the owner of the company. They wouldn't believe it. I'm like I'll just pay you to work, you know, don't you know you don't need to do that and uh people wouldn't understand it. It was a lot of naysayers, it was like this underlying like, you'll never do it, you'll never make it, you know, what makes you so good. Like what is there a magical force where you get your wood like that nobody knows about. Like being super sarcastic and it just left a bad taste in my mouth and it really just, you know, gave me a reason to kind of push along. So before even putting a final product out there, we ended up ordering wood from all over the country.
Miah: Literally every single supplier. So to break it down for you guys, most MLB grade or big league grade wood comes from the same section of North America. I mean, but when we were starting, we were learning. We had to try everything out. You never know.
Freddie: So we went through big mills, small mills. I mean guys that were doing it on their own. We went to mills that were making what would they call billets or dowels for the biggest companies in the game. What I didn't realize was for some of these bigger players you'd need to put a bigger P.O., or purchase order, for those of you who don't know. And being a kid that just graduated college, working a minimum wage job. Not necessarily. Barely over minimum wage job. I was barely making my car payments and student loan payments. So, you know, for a couple, we just use my credit card and I pay them down little by little and sometimes we got screwed over with the quality wood where we couldn't do anything with it. You know, we couldn't even make training bats out of it so we would do like trophy bats. Like I remember one of the bats, you know, one of the first billets that we had, I ended up gifting. You know we made the bat very nice, was a trophy bat for display, but we did it for my high school coach. One big issue with that was you needed to have a big order of a skid or a large quantity of billets. So we ended up uh, we didn't have any money to buy the wood. But we got a couple orders from a couple different colleges around the area. It was thanks to Georgie, he's a guy who's a family friend of ours. We've known him forever. He actually called me up because he knew that, you know my dad was talking to him, and he has a company that he runs and getting advice. He's been a, you know, he was very...
Miah: It's always good to have someone who's been in situations to talk about.
Freddie: Like a mentor in the beginning too where we didn't really know what was going on. He fronted us the money. He was like here here's 20 grand and if you can't pay me back then it's all right and I was like, I was in shock.
Miah: Yeah because what we didn't know when we started the company, and this is still 2015. We were still doing everything in our house. The lathe is now in our garage. What used to be the old room where, it was like a computer room and slash like I guess you would say laundry room. My dad had built a couple of racks out of two by fours where we would end up storing the wood because we couldn't store the wood in our garage. The garage was too moist and humid. The wood would have picked up weight. So that's super important when you're making bats. There's a specific moisture content that you got to keep the wood at. So we're like, you know let's keep it in the house. Room temp. So luckily we had, Serrano, who we talked about last episode. That he drove up to get the first couple skids of wood because we didn't have enough capital to pay for the shipping to get it shipped to us.
Freddie: Yeah it was kind of, it's kind of crazy when you think about it. You know I remember one time we had to wake up at like 6 a.m. because when we did have enough cash to pay for a shipment, we couldn't have them delivered to our house. So we had to go to George's place.
Miah: There's no loading dock at your house. There's no loading dock.
Freddie: I still remember it was like six inches of snow. We have a huge slope we have to go up and we don't know if we were gonna make it up the hill. But thankfully we did. But that's kind of like, you know, we needed to find the best quality wood because I was tired of people saying like, oh your bats are this, your bats are not this, oh you know what I know a guy who owns a company they can just make the bats for you. It's like no we don't want somebody else making the bats, we want to make them ourselves.
Miah: Yeah we will spend the money to get the best wood out there like it's okay. We'll do it.
Freddie: Yeah, that's something a lot of people didn't understand or didn't want to understand and really they were just a bunch of, you know, some people, you know. I still remember people say, oh you're not going to make it, or you'll never have a pro player using your product. I remember that conversation. And those are the times that kind of like juiced me up.
Miah: Yeah, you know, now we look back on it. We just finished 2021, you know, pro season, and 16 guys in the bigs. Over 200 minor league guys. Independent guys. Players overseas. It's like you remember those conversations and those are some of the conversations that motivate you when we would talk about them as a family. Like so-and-so said we'll never have a pro player. We're going to prove them wrong.
Freddie: Yeah and I mean it wasn't just, even people that weren't involved in baseball. It could be just, you know, somebody I grew up with or even some of my high school friends were like you know what. You know what I learned one time? And this is word for verbatim what he said and we were just like catching up. I haven't seen him in a long time. He goes people with the lowest IQ try to start a company. I said what do you mean by that? Why? What do you got to say? And now it's like he's the one that always wants to wear a Tater shirt or Tater hat or wants to be featured on something. He's like you don't even play baseball bro. It's like you used to talk so much crap and now that Tater's successful and this is, and it could be anything. Could be players that saw us grinding and were like, oh, give me a free bat, right. We didn't, we don't give out free bats. So they hated on us and now they were like oh how can I be a part of you guys. I'll pay for whatever, whatever. And that's great. I mean I'm glad you guys, but those moments where people don't know what you're going through. People don't know that you haven't eaten in eight hours or ten hours during spring training because you're budgeting and you're eating dollar menu day to day because you only have a thousand bucks for the next three weeks to hold you over. And you have, you know, there was times where yeah we skipped meals and we had to go to Walmart and buy cliff bars and use that for lunch and dinner. Yeah, we did. But people don't know that, you know. And those are the moments where people when they doubt you. it could be coaches, baseball players, family members, friends. It could be anybody.
Miah: Yeah there's, now that we're seven years into it, it's like you remember the stories and you remember all those days that you grind. You remember all the things that you went through and then it's just not only the motivation but, as although we have talked about the big Tater community that has fueled and helps us out so much. There's some other things that happen that really push us to keep doing better, you know. We had a good bat. Our bat is still very good and it will continue to be one of the best bats in the market. But then we want a fielding glove. Oh what makes your fielding glove as good. So for those who don't know, 2022 we are officially, officially launching, uh we have been in four or five years now, in the R & D phase of our fielding gloves. And for the last three years, we've had guys game the gloves in the professional level, 140 games, and they've been loving them. So that's another thing, you know. They're not only, it's just something that continues to happen.
Freddie: Yeah you know what and honestly as much as I appreciate my Tater community that supports us, I also appreciate the people who doubt us because you really push us to be better, right.
Miah: This ties into baseball, right. We both played baseball. This happened to us when we were playing baseball. Oh you're too small. You're not good enough to play on the varsity team. But guess what? It still happened. You know freshman year. Or you're too short. You're too slow. All those things, it happens to baseball players on a daily basis. You know, you're from New England. The chances of you getting drafted are much lower, right.
Freddie: Yeah I mean look at, and this is why I love Matt Batten. He's one of our AAA players for the Padres now on the cusp of being in the big leagues. And he's a guy that went to a smaller school. Connecticut kid, kind of overlooked. Put into work, just like us. We really relate so well because of that because he hits for three hours a day, he puts into work, he lifts, he does everything he needs to do, he does everything right. You know one thing about us we always take the high road. So as much as people talk and send us emails or whatever, DM's, or even just say to people who we know that are that very close to us and they don't know. We don't take it to heart and we don't backlash. And the same thing with Batten and just it's just like numbers don't lie. So we'll keep on producing. He keeps on producing and at the end of the day, that's all that really matters. Consistency. Yeah it's those types of players like Batten, who are the gritty guys who have something to prove that really all the guys that use Tater are those kind of guys.
Miah: Yeah they're the foundation of the athletes that promote our product on the biggest stage.
Freddie: Those are the guys that really push it to the next level. Whether it's their game, their branding, their personal brand, how they carry themselves as a person, they always take that high road because they know that, you know, and as much as they have something to prove, they also have people to lead, right. You have people at home that are looking up to them. So yeah maybe you're the 30th round pick or whatever or late round or last minute invite, free agent sign, but there are kids in the facility that you train at or your family members that look up to you because as athletes and also us as you know business owners, people look up to us because we're following our dreams because a lot of people don't do that. They're either too afraid and they and they find the confidence through us, right, and that's why they promote us and they support us so much.
Miah: Yeah they feel so closely related to the brand.
Freddie: Yeah so that's one thing that defines the company and I really feel like that's very unique. You know we do have a brand voice. We do have, you know, the Tater Kong obviously that has a chip on the shoulder. But the Tater logo goes beyond just what's on the bat. It goes beyond just the quality of the glove or the batting glove. It's the people who make the company. That work here. That use the product. Used the product. Or just overall just support us with shares, likes, comments. Giving us feedback. You know I love getting those messages from people from a DM that maybe they've never even played baseball before but was like wow you guys are really doing.
Miah: It's like some of those days get hard and it's you know seven days a week you're working. Shout out to, and I'm sorry if I bombed the last name, but Sammy Shivo from Cali. I appreciate you man. You sent us messages. You sent us a video of you saying how much you like the Tater stuff. It's like it really helps out. We love it.
Freddie: Yeah because it's those tough days. You know and it doesn't really get to us because as you know the negative comments or you know I don't think people even have the confidence to say to my face anymore or your face anymore but in the past when people didn't know maybe we're even in the room. They were talking about Tater like oh they're not gonna be anything. Or I've even been in places where people would say they were the owner of the company and I'm sitting in a room they don't even know who I am. Yeah, because it was like Tater was on its uphill and they were like trying to show boat or whatever. It's like those moments where even, you know, like you hit it when we were younger and were smaller athletes and people were saying oh you'll never play high school baseball. Like, yup, varsity four years. Oh you'll never played college. We both did it. So it's like well get there one way or the other. And at the end of the day that's what makes this company so great. And the people like I said, it's not the logo. It's obviously all the people that stand for what we are and how we do because it's just, I know that when people wear the Tater shirt or the hat or whatever, they're proud. Because they know they live the same lifestyle in different industries. Or, you know, they look up to the guys who use this stuff.
Miah: Yeah I mean you get guys who wear the, you know, don't even play baseball and they're going to a big league game they're wearing a Tater shirt and they're showing off that they're wearing their Tater shirt. They're sending us pictures. That's awesome because that's part of that's the reason why we do this. You know, this is the big community that everyone under this umbrella of Tater all cares about one thing and it cares about seeing Tater grow as big as it can be.
MLB The Show 22 Announcement
Team Inspired Wallpapers
We Are Tater - E5: Life + Baseball with Christian Colon


What Is The Speed Of The Dark?
Light travels at the fastest speed possible for a physical object. Because darkness appears when light leaves, darkness is as fast as light—however, there are types of darkness. For example, the speed of a shadow can break the light barrier. A shadow mimics its light source, but becomes bigger than the source the closer it gets to the light. Because the shadow is mimicking the source, it will move the same way; but because it can be bigger than the source, it will cover more distance in the same amount of time.
What If Dark Matter Doesn't Exist and the Law of Gravity Is Wrong?


text:
Take two for AirAsia Japan
written by australianaviation.com.au | July 3, 2014
AirAsia CEO Tony Fernandes (third from right) at the AirAsia Japan launch. (AirAsia)
Pan-Asian low cost carrier AirAsia is making a second play at establishing its low-cost carrier franchise in Japan.
In teaming with Japanese companies Octave Japan Infrastructure Fund, Rakuten, Noevir Holdings, and Alpen, AirAsia hopes to quickly re-establish itself in the Japanese market after a failed 2012/13 joint-venture with ANA. Following the withdrawal of AirAsia from the joint-venture with ANA, AirAsia Japan was re-branded as Vanilla Air and is pitched against the struggling Jetstar Japan joint-venture between the Qantas Group and Japan Air Lines.
"We are very excited to return to Japan's skies together with Octave, Rakuten, Noevir and Alpen this time round," AirAsia CEO Tony Fernandes said in a statement. "I am more confident than ever that AirAsia Japan, led by (Odagiri Yoshinori) with the strong partnership we have with our new investors, will continue to realize our vision to revolutionize the low-cost carrier segment of Japan."
The new entity will be headed up by CEO Odagiri Yoshinori. "We are ready to take on this challenge and with great teamwork, we hope to bring AirAsia's successful low-cost business model once again to Japan," he said. "Our counterparts in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and India have seen great and encouraging responses in their markets, and we will work towards the same for Japan. We would like to thank the investors for their belief in us and we look forward to working closely with them moving forward."
previous post Qantas returns to Hamilton Island
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Take two for AirAsia Japan Comment
I was under the impression that JQ Japan is travelling O.K. with 18 A320's in service, and the new Osaka Base receiving the go ahead, which gives them virtual coverage of Japan and its outlying Islands, plus more overseas destinations. Could be wrong….
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text:
Cardeña ist eine spanische Gemeinde in der Provinz Córdoba in Andalusien. Sie umfasst ein Gebiet von  km², hatte   Einwohner und liegt auf einer Höhe von 821 m über dem Meer, nördlich von Córdoba, ca. 80 km entfernt von der Provinzhauptstadt.

Geschichte
Menschliche Besiedlung lässt sich in Cardeña bis in die Jungsteinzeit hinein nachweisen. Aus der Eisenzeit haben sich Reste von Megalithgräbern (Torrubia) erhalten.
Aus der iberischen und römischen Epoche gibt es Reste von Bergbau. Stellen, die für den Wanderer interessant sind, lassen sich bei Venta del Charco, Cerro del Águila, Mañuelas y Azuel besichtigen, wo auch ein römischer Münzfund gemacht und einige iberische Tongefäße entdeckt wurden.
Im Mittelalter gehörte das ganze Gebiet zum Kerngebiet der Provinz Fash-Al-Ballut (Eichenfeld, Campo de Encinas). Am Areal des Castillo de Azuel sind noch Teile arabischer Gebäude erhalten.
1397 vergab Enrique III Konzessionen für 12 Freigasthöfe auf den Wegen, die von Ciudad Real nach Adamuz und El Villaran führten, an die Stadt Córdoba. Daraus entstanden die Gasthöfe la Chaparrera, San Antonio, El Puerto, La Fresnedilla, El Charco, El Cerezo, Azuel und Cardeña und es ist wahrscheinlich, dass diese Orte die Keimzellen der Ansiedlung waren.
Im 16. Jahrhundert kamen diese Ventas zum Gebiet von Montoro und erst 1930 entstand ein Unabhängigkeitsprozess, der zur Selbstständigkeit Cardeñas führte. Damit ist Cardeña die jüngste Gemeinde in der Provinz Córdoba und sein Hauptplatz der Independencia Local spiegelt die neueste Geschichte. Venta del Charco und Azuel schlossen sich dem Unabhängigkeitsprozess an.
Momentan gehört das Gebiet zur Comarca de Los Pedroches. Grundlage seiner Wirtschaft ist die Viehzucht, sowie Forstwirtschaft und Jagd. In der Zukunft soll nachhaltiger Tourismus die Wirtschaft antreiben. Der Parque Natural de las Sierras de Cardeña y Montoro ist ein wichtiger Faktor für diese Pläne.

Verwaltung
Seit 1979 gab es sieben Legislaturperioden, in denen zwei Bürgermeister (alcaldes) und eine Bürgermeisterin die Verwaltung führten: Martín Merchán Caballero (PSOE), Juan Jurado Torres (PSOE) Catalina Barragán (IU, über 16 Jahre). In diesen Jahren hat der Ort 24 % seiner Einwohner verloren. Dabei wurde der größte Verlust in den Jahren zwischen 1979 und 1983 (310) verzeichnet und es könnte sein, dass dabei die Art der Zählung eine Rolle spielen könnte.
2007 wurde Pablo García (PSOE) zum Bürgermeister gewählt.
Die Wahlbeteiligung ist allgemein sehr hoch (über 80 %), was für eine gesunde demokratische Einstellung spricht.
Die Koalitionen zur Bildung der Stadtparlamente sind sehr interessant. Die UCD trat nur 1979 an und errang auch damals mit 48,60 % der Stimmen nicht das Bürgermeisteramt. Sie wurde 1991 von der PSOE abgelöst, die auch 1995 die stärkste Partei war. Schließlich entwickelte sich 2007 eine Polarisation, jedoch eher zwischen Personen als zwischen Parteien. Überraschenderweise wählten 90 % linke Parteien.

Geographie

Venta del Charco und Azuel sind eingemeindete Dörfer des Ayuntamiento de Cardeña.
Das Gemeindegebiet von Cardeña ist von den Gemeinden im Kreis das Höchstgelegene und damit auch das höchstgelegene in der ganzen Provinz. Kreis und Gemeinde haben beschreiben eine konvexe Form und bilden die Trennung zwischen den Becken von Guadiana und Guadalquivir. In geographischer Hinsicht ist daher der Name "Valle" (Tal) de los Pedroches eine Fehlbezeichnung, die nur verständlich wird, wenn man die Gegend im Blick auf die Sierras im Norden betrachtet, die sich scharf gegen den himmel abzeichnen.

Die Höchsten Erhebungen sind: Colmena (828 m), Ladronera (823 m), Navalconejuelo (810 m), Píngano (805 m), Virgen de la Cabeza (798 m), Martín Colmena (791 m), Bermejo (785 m), Plaza (785 m), Cerquilla (783 m) und Garullo(774 m). Im Süden und im Osten wird die Landschaft vom Río Yeguas und der Sierra de Andújar bestimmt. Im Norden erstreckt sich ein schmales Band mit kohlehaltigen Gesteinen zum Beispiel bei Azuel und zum Río Guadalmez hin fällt das Gelände ab. Er bildet die natürliche Grenze mit der Sierra Madrona. Von diesem Fluss aus geht das Gelände über in das Becken des Río Guadiana.

Durch die Jahrhunderte wurden in der Mine El Cano verschiedenste Mineralien abgebaut wie Kupfer, Blei, Wismut, Uran. Blei kommt am häufigsten vor. Es bildet ein Flöz, das bei el Zumajo erkennbar ist, wo es den Zentralen Teil in NW-SE-Richtung durchschneidet. Es wurde seit römischer Zeit abgebaut. Im 20. Jahrhundert entstanden noch die Minen San Rafael, San Cayetano und El Águila. Rund um Azuel gibt es Wismut-Vorkommen.
Die wichtigsten Flüsse sind vor allem der Guadalmez mit seinen Zuflüssen Arroyo des Buenas Yerbas und Pedro Moro, sowie der el Yeguas, welcher ein ausgedehntes Tal bildet zusammen mit den Arroyos de Cabrahigo, Manzano, Espino, Carrizo, Anguijuela, Alamedilla, Fraile, Cantareras, Zocarejo, Valdecañas und Robledillo. Die Wasser im Zentrum des Gebiets und im Südosten fließen ab zum el Arenoso und el Arenosillo, die ihrerseits Zuflüsse zum Guadalquivir sind. In Venta del Charco verläuft der Río Martín Gonzalo.

Klima

Das Klima ist mediterran mit kontinentalen Einflüssen. Die Winter sind kalt mit ergiebigen Regen und die Sommer trocken und warm. Die Durchschnittstemperatur beträgt 15,2 °C. Die Temperatur schwankt im Jahresdurchschnitt um 20 °C. Die mittlere Temperatur im Januar beträgt 7,1 °C. Der Juli ist der wärmste Monat mit durchschnittlich 25,4 °C. Es gibt jährlich ca. 56 Fröste zwischen November und April. Der nördliche Teil des Gebiets weist eine etwas kühlere Temperatur auf als der südliche, auch wenn das Temperaturminimum in Venta del Charco gemessen wurde mit −12 °C am 14. Januar 1987.
In Bezug auf die Niederschlagsmengen gehört Cardeña zu den niederschlagsreicheren Gemeinden in Los Pedroches. 630 Liter bei Azuel, 800,6 l bei Cardeña und 956,3 l bei Venta del Charco. Dies ist der größeren Höhe und den umliegenden Gebirgen geschuldet, die bis auf 1.300 m in der Sierra Madrona ansteigen. Diese Bedingungen haben bei Venta einen Steineichenbestand entstehen lassen, der einzigartig in der Provinz ist. Jährlich gibt es ca. 100 Tage mit Niederschlag, vor allem im Januar, Februar und März. Die niederschlasgärmsten Monate sind Juni bis September. Im Januar und Februar kann es auch schneien.
Die vorherrschenden Winde, "ábregos", kommen von Südwest und bringen vor allem im Herbst und Winter Niederschläge. Die Winde aus Süd und Südost sind vor allem im Sommer häufig. Sie haben ihren Ursprung in Afrika. Nordwestwinde sind weniger häufig. Sie sind kalt und trocken.

Vegetation
 Die teilweise immergrünen Wälder bestehen aus Steineichen, Bergeichen (Quercus faginea), Oliven, Korkeichen und Pyrenäen-Eichen in den feuchteren Gebieten um Venta del Charco. vorherrschende Straucharten sind jaras, brezos, madroño und lentisco. Weidegebiete entwickeln sich, wenn Brachflächen abgeholzt und in Dehesa umgewandelt werden. Die Haine mit unberührtem mediterranen Wald und die Galeriewälder haben eine große ökologische Bedeutung, weshalb auch die Umgebung von Cardeña zum Parque Natural erklärt wurde.
Das Gebiet von Cardeña begann erst im 19. Jahrhundert umgewandelt zu werden. Die Dehesa ist eine Menschengemachte Landschaft, die dadurch entsteht, dass das Gebüsch gerodet wird und die Eichen gelichtet werden. Die so gewonnenen Gebiete sind hervorragende extensive Weiden, vor allem für Mastschweine. In den Ruhejahren werden Schafe und Rinder in die Weide getrieben. Darüber hinaus wird aus den Hölzern Kohle gewonnen. Im Abstand von 5 bis 15 Jahren wurden die Weiden gerodet. Die umzäunten Parzellen wurden als "defensa" bezeichnet. In Ortsnähe erschwerte die offene Landschaft auch Überraschungsangriffe.
Während die Dehesa das Paradebeispiel für nachhaltigen Naturschutz ist, beobachtet man mit Sorge, dass in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten immer mehr Aufforstungen mit Kiefern und Eukalyptus (nichtheimischen Arten) gemacht wurden.

Fauna
Die vielfältige Landschaft ist ein Tummelplatz für verschiedenste Raubvögel, vor allem Spanischer Kaiseradler, Steinadler, Schlangenadler, Zwergadler, Habichtsadler, Habicht, sowie Nachtgreifvögel wie Uhu, Zwergohreule, und Käuze. Verschiedene Geier und Schmutzgeier finden hier Futter und es gibt auch Störche. Wölfe leben im nahegelegenen Parque Natural de la Sierra de Andújar. Und das größte Raubtier ist der Pardelluchs, dem zuliebe man den Parque Natural, eines seiner letzten Rückzugsgebiete, eingerichtet hat und für den man auch die Kaninchen schützt. Weitere Säugetiere sind Rothirsch, Damhirsch, Mufflon und Wildschwein. Eine Besonderheit stellt das Ichneumon (meloncillo) dar, welches durch die Römer eingebürgert wurde. Und es gibt Wildkatzen, Ginsterkatzen, und Füchse.
Im río Yeguas kommen Nutrias vor. Darüber hinaus gibt es Rebhühner, Tauben (Paloma, tórtola) Wiedehopfe (abubilla), Elstern (urraca), Eichelhäher (arrendajo), Drosseln (zorzal), Amseln (mirlo) und viele kleine Vogelarten vor. Die Wasser des río Yeguas beherbergen Eisvogel (martín pescador), Teichhuhn (polla de agua), Blässhuhn (focha común) und Zwergtaucher (zampullín).

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Die Pfarrkirche Nuestra Señora del Carmen ist eine moderne Kirche, erbaut von Carlos de Santamaría 1950-1956. Sie ersetzte eine frühere Kirche aus dem 19. Jahrhundert. Sie hat eine Fassade in neobarockem Stil. Erwähnenswert sind ein Bild von Cristo Yacente (1918), ein Cristo del Amor von Juan Martínez Cerrillo, ein Retablo Carmelita von 1960 von Antonio Leña Gomáriz und ein Kelch aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.
Aus dem Vorgängerbau haben sich die Bilder Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Pasión und Jesús de la Confianza erhalten. Außerdem gibt es Bilder von San Isidro Labrador und Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza.

Weitere Kirchen sind die Parroquia San Jose in Azuel und die Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Carmen in Venta del Charco. Darüber hinaus gibt es den Parque Natural Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro mit den Ferienwohnungen von El Cerezo.
Die Talsperre Embalse de Martín Gonzalo mit dem Stausee und der Torre telegráfica de Cerquilla sind technische Monumente. Der Telegrafenturm wurde im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet und ermöglichte die Verbindung von Madrid nach Córdoba, Sevilla und Cádiz. Der Turm war durch Lichtsignale mit dem Turm in Fuencaliente (Puerto Viejo) und dem Turm in la Onza (Baluarte de la Onza) verbunden.

Feste
In den Orten werden im Jahreslauf verschiedene Fest besonders gefeiert: Das Jahr beginnt mit der Candelaria am 2. Februar und der Fiesta de San José am 19. März, am 21. April wird der Dia de la Independencia Local begangen und Anfang Mai findet in Azuel die Romeria de la Virgen del Romero statt.
Die Romeria de San Isidro führt am 15. Mai nach El Cerezo, die Fiesta de San Antonio de Padua wird am 13./14. Juni begangen. Am 16. Juli findet die Fiesta de la Virgen del Carmen statt und wenig später die Feria de Venta del Charco.
Im August finden die Feria del Azuel und die Feria de Cardeña statt.
Carneval zeichnet sich durch den entierro de la sardina (Aschermittwoch) aus.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Mancomunidad de Los Pedroches: Los Pedroches. Mancomunidad de Municipios, Córdoba. Guia Turistica 1998. CO-1.388-1998.
 Del Origen de Cardeña. (Notas para la Historia de Cardeña, Azuel y Venta del Charco). Juan Palomo Palomo. Año 1999. Ayuntamiento de Cardeña.
 Parque Natural Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro 1989-2005. José Manuel Quero Fernández de Molina. Año 2007. Universidad de Córdoba y Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía.
 El río Yeguas. Caracterización y calidad de sus aguas: factores físico-químicos y biológicos. Antonio María García Royas y Manuel Ferreras Romero. Abril de 1995. Ayuntamiento de Cardeña y Diputación de Córdoba.
 Sánchez Ruiz, Carlos, La telegrafía óptica en Andalucía, Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Sevilla 2006.

Weblinks

 Ayuntamiento de Cardeña, sitio web oficial
 Cardeña, Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
 Centro de visitantes Venta Nueva en el término municipal de Cardeña
 Dehesa de Cardeña: Venta del Charco el Cerezo y Cardeña
 Corredor Verde Cardeña-Aldea del Cerezo
 De Cardeña a Azuel por Madereros

Los Pedroches
Municipio in Andalusien
Ort in Andalusien


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The maximum amount of earnings subject to the Social Security tax (taxable maximum) will increase to $132,900 from $128,700, a 3.5% increase.
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MAJOR GENERAL HAYWOOD S. HANSELL JR.
(The only one available photograph is of Gen. Hansell as a brigadier general. An updated photograph will be published if it becomes available.)
Haywood Shepherd Hansell Jr., was born in Fort Monroe, Va., in 1903, the son of Colonel Haywood S. Hansell. He graduated from Georgia School of Technology in 1924 with his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering.
On Feb. 23, 1928, he was appointed a flying cadet. He graduated from primary and advanced flying schools at March Field, Calif., and Kelly Field, Texas, Feb. 28, 1929, was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve and assigned to active duty. He received his regular commission as a second lieutenant of Air Corps May 2, 1929.
General Hansell's first assignment was with the Second Bombardment Group at Langley Field, Va. In June, 1930, he was transferred to the Sixth Field artillery at Fort Hoyle, Md., for three months' temporary duty, and in September, 1930, returned to Langley Field as armament officer of the Air Corps Tactical School.
In August 1931, he went to Maxwell Field, Ala., where he served with the 51st and 54th School Squadrons. During that tour of duty he served with General Claire L, Chennault, then a captain in the aviation acrobatic team, "Three Men on a Flying Trapeze," which performed at the National Air Races at Cleveland, Ohio, in September, 1934.
General Hansell entered the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field in October 1934, graduated in June 1935, and became an instructor there. In September 1938, he entered the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., from which he graduated in June 1939. He then was assigned to the Public Relations Section of the Office, Chief of Air Corps, and in September 1939, became assistant executive officer in that office.
In November 1939, General Hansell was transferred to the Intelligence Division in the Office, Chief of Air Corps. In 1940 he became chief of the Operations Planning Branch, Foreign Intelligence Section in that office. During July and August 1941, he served as a Special Observer at London, England, and then was assigned to the War Plans Division of the Air Staff in Washington, D.C. In April 1942, he was assigned to the Operations Division of the War Department General Staff and served on the Joint Strategic Committee.
General Hansell was assigned in August 1942, to command the Third Bomb Wing of the Eighth Air Force in Europe. The following December he became commander of the First Bomb Wing of the Eighth Air Force in that theater, and in July 1943, was named deputy commander in chief of the Allied Expeditionary Air Force. In October 1943, General Hansell was appointed Air Planner on the Joint Planning Staff at Army Air Forces headquarters, Washington, D.C. In August 1944, it was announced that General Hansell was commanding the XXI Bomber Command Based on Saipan. Planes of that command raided the industrial sections of Tokyo. General Hansell returned to the United States in January 1945, and the following month assumed command of the 38th Flying Training Wing at Kirtland Field, N.M. In June 1945, he was transferred to Air Transport Command headquarters at Washington, D.C. In September 1945, he was appointed commanding general of the Caribbean Wing, Atlantic Division, Air Transport Command, with station at West Palm Beach, Fla.
General Hansell retired with the rank of brigadier general Dec. 31, 1946.
He was recalled to active duty July 15, 1951 and assigned as chief of the Mobilization Division, Directorate of Plans, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations at Air Force headquarters. On April 2, 1952, he was appointed assistant for mutual security in that office. In April 1953, General Hansell was appointed the senior Air Force member, Military Studies and Evaluations Division, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C.
General Hansell has been awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. He is rated a command pilot, combat observer, and technical observer. During World War II he flew combat missions in the European and Pacific theaters.
EFFECTIVE DATES OF PROMOTION
He was promoted to first lieutenant (permanent) Oct. 1, 1934; to captain (permanent) May 2, 1939; to major (temporary) March 15, 1941; to lieutenant colonel (temporary) Jan. 5, 1942; to colonel (temporary) March 1, 1942; to brigadier general (temporary), Aug. 10, 1942; to major (permanent) May 2, 1946; to major general (temporary) Sept. 5, 1952, with date of rank from Sept. 2, 1947.
(Up to date as of September 1953)