text:
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial
Michal L. Melamed, Edward J. Horwitz, Mirela A. Dobre, Matthew K. Abramowitz, Liping Zhang, Yungtai Lo, William E. Mitch, Thomas H. Hostetter
Epidemiology & Population Health
Rationale & Objective: Metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. Study Design: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants: 149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY. Intervention: Sodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n = 74) or identical-appearing placebo (n = 75). Outcomes: Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Mean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0 ± 2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean serum bicarbonate levels in the intervention arm during follow-up were 26.4 ± 2.2, 25.5 ± 2.3, 25.6 ± 2.6, and 24.4 ± 2.8 mEq/L (at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months). These were significantly higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, participants randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate treatment had no significant differences in sit-to-stand time (5 repetitions: P = 0.1; and 10 repetitions P = 0.07) or bone mineral density (P = 0.3). Sodium bicarbonate treatment caused a decrease in serum potassium levels that was of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates, blood pressure, weight, serious adverse events, or levels of muscle gene expression between the randomly assigned groups. Limitations: Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range. Conclusions: Sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function. Funding: National Institutes of Health grant. Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412
American Journal of Kidney Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
alkali therapy
bone mineral density
metabolic acidosis
metabolic bone disease
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
sit-to-stand
10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
Dive into the research topics of 'Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Sodium Bicarbonate Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Controlled Clinical Trials Medicine & Life Sciences 85%
Multicenter Studies Medicine & Life Sciences 68%
Bicarbonates Medicine & Life Sciences 43%
Bone Density Medicine & Life Sciences 35%
Melamed, M. L., Horwitz, E. J., Dobre, M. A., Abramowitz, M. K., Zhang, L., Lo, Y., Mitch, W. E., & Hostetter, T. H. (2020). Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 75(2), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4 : A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. / Melamed, Michal L.; Horwitz, Edward J.; Dobre, Mirela A. et al.
In: American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol. 75, No. 2, 02.2020, p. 225-234.
Melamed, ML, Horwitz, EJ, Dobre, MA, Abramowitz, MK, Zhang, L, Lo, Y, Mitch, WE & Hostetter, TH 2020, 'Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial', American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
Melamed ML, Horwitz EJ, Dobre MA, Abramowitz MK, Zhang L, Lo Y et al. Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2020 Feb;75(2):225-234. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
Melamed, Michal L. ; Horwitz, Edward J. ; Dobre, Mirela A. et al. / Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4 : A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. In: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2020 ; Vol. 75, No. 2. pp. 225-234.
@article{dcee35baad3a48d1890a2adff0f132d9,
title = "Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial",
abstract = "Rationale & Objective: Metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. Study Design: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants: 149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY. Intervention: Sodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n = 74) or identical-appearing placebo (n = 75). Outcomes: Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Mean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0 ± 2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean serum bicarbonate levels in the intervention arm during follow-up were 26.4 ± 2.2, 25.5 ± 2.3, 25.6 ± 2.6, and 24.4 ± 2.8 mEq/L (at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months). These were significantly higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, participants randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate treatment had no significant differences in sit-to-stand time (5 repetitions: P = 0.1; and 10 repetitions P = 0.07) or bone mineral density (P = 0.3). Sodium bicarbonate treatment caused a decrease in serum potassium levels that was of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates, blood pressure, weight, serious adverse events, or levels of muscle gene expression between the randomly assigned groups. Limitations: Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range. Conclusions: Sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function. Funding: National Institutes of Health grant. Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412",
keywords = "Chronic kidney disease (CKD), alkali therapy, bone mineral density, metabolic acidosis, metabolic bone disease, muscle function, randomized controlled trial (RCT), sit-to-stand, sodium bicarbonate",
author = "Melamed, {Michal L.} and Horwitz, {Edward J.} and Dobre, {Mirela A.} and Abramowitz, {Matthew K.} and Liping Zhang and Yungtai Lo and Mitch, {William E.} and Hostetter, {Thomas H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Michal L. Melamed, MD, MHS, Edward J. Horwitz, MD, Mirela A. Dobre, MD, Matthew K. Abramowitz, MD, MS, Liping Zhang, PhD, Yungtai Lo, PhD, William E. Mitch, MD, and Thomas H. Hostetter, MD. Designed study: MLM, MKA, WEM, THH; recruited participants and ran the study protocol: MLM, EJH, MAD, MKA, THH; analyzed the data: MLM, MKA, LZ, YL. Each author contributed important intellectual content during manuscript drafting or revision and accepts accountability for the overall work by ensuring that questions pertaining to the accuracy or integrity of any portion of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This study was funded by the NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through grant U01 DK087783. The funding source played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. The authors will share deidentified participant-level data collected during the trial that underlie the results reported in this article. The study protocol will also be available on request. The data will be available 6 months after publication and ending 4 years after publication of this article. The data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for analyses pertaining to the aims in the proposal. Proposals should be e-mailed directly to michal.melamed@einstein.yu.edu. Data requesters will need to sign a data use agreement. Received February 25, 2019. Evaluated by 2 external peer reviewers and a statistician, with direct editorial input from an Associate Editor, who served as Acting Editor-in-Chief. Accepted in revised form July 16, 2019. The involvement of an Acting Editor-in-Chief was to comply with AJKD's procedures for potential conflicts of interest for editors, described in the Information for Authors & Journal Policies. Funding Information: This study was funded by the NIH / National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through grant U01 DK087783 . The funding source played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.",
doi = "10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016",
journal = "American Journal of Kidney Diseases",
T1 - Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4
T2 - A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial
AU - Melamed, Michal L.
AU - Horwitz, Edward J.
AU - Dobre, Mirela A.
AU - Abramowitz, Matthew K.
AU - Zhang, Liping
AU - Lo, Yungtai
AU - Mitch, William E.
AU - Hostetter, Thomas H.
N1 - Funding Information: Michal L. Melamed, MD, MHS, Edward J. Horwitz, MD, Mirela A. Dobre, MD, Matthew K. Abramowitz, MD, MS, Liping Zhang, PhD, Yungtai Lo, PhD, William E. Mitch, MD, and Thomas H. Hostetter, MD. Designed study: MLM, MKA, WEM, THH; recruited participants and ran the study protocol: MLM, EJH, MAD, MKA, THH; analyzed the data: MLM, MKA, LZ, YL. Each author contributed important intellectual content during manuscript drafting or revision and accepts accountability for the overall work by ensuring that questions pertaining to the accuracy or integrity of any portion of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This study was funded by the NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through grant U01 DK087783. The funding source played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. The authors will share deidentified participant-level data collected during the trial that underlie the results reported in this article. The study protocol will also be available on request. The data will be available 6 months after publication and ending 4 years after publication of this article. The data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for analyses pertaining to the aims in the proposal. Proposals should be e-mailed directly to michal.melamed@einstein.yu.edu. Data requesters will need to sign a data use agreement. Received February 25, 2019. Evaluated by 2 external peer reviewers and a statistician, with direct editorial input from an Associate Editor, who served as Acting Editor-in-Chief. Accepted in revised form July 16, 2019. The involvement of an Acting Editor-in-Chief was to comply with AJKD's procedures for potential conflicts of interest for editors, described in the Information for Authors & Journal Policies. Funding Information: This study was funded by the NIH / National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through grant U01 DK087783 . The funding source played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
N2 - Rationale & Objective: Metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. Study Design: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants: 149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY. Intervention: Sodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n = 74) or identical-appearing placebo (n = 75). Outcomes: Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Mean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0 ± 2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean serum bicarbonate levels in the intervention arm during follow-up were 26.4 ± 2.2, 25.5 ± 2.3, 25.6 ± 2.6, and 24.4 ± 2.8 mEq/L (at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months). These were significantly higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, participants randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate treatment had no significant differences in sit-to-stand time (5 repetitions: P = 0.1; and 10 repetitions P = 0.07) or bone mineral density (P = 0.3). Sodium bicarbonate treatment caused a decrease in serum potassium levels that was of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates, blood pressure, weight, serious adverse events, or levels of muscle gene expression between the randomly assigned groups. Limitations: Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range. Conclusions: Sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function. Funding: National Institutes of Health grant. Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412
AB - Rationale & Objective: Metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. Study Design: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants: 149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY. Intervention: Sodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n = 74) or identical-appearing placebo (n = 75). Outcomes: Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Mean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0 ± 2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean serum bicarbonate levels in the intervention arm during follow-up were 26.4 ± 2.2, 25.5 ± 2.3, 25.6 ± 2.6, and 24.4 ± 2.8 mEq/L (at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months). These were significantly higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared to the placebo group, participants randomly assigned to sodium bicarbonate treatment had no significant differences in sit-to-stand time (5 repetitions: P = 0.1; and 10 repetitions P = 0.07) or bone mineral density (P = 0.3). Sodium bicarbonate treatment caused a decrease in serum potassium levels that was of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rates, blood pressure, weight, serious adverse events, or levels of muscle gene expression between the randomly assigned groups. Limitations: Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range. Conclusions: Sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function. Funding: National Institutes of Health grant. Trial Registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412
KW - Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
KW - alkali therapy
KW - bone mineral density
KW - metabolic acidosis
KW - metabolic bone disease
KW - muscle function
KW - randomized controlled trial (RCT)
KW - sit-to-stand
KW - sodium bicarbonate
U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.016
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases


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A stunning barn conversion set in the South Downs National Park; ideal for walkers and families looking to enjoy the countryside and the many events in the area.
Beaufort Barn is situated on the edge of the hamlet of West Burton and has uninterrupted views over the South Downs countryside. The fabulous open plan living space is bright, warm and welcoming with the stunning backdrop of the surrounding countryside viewed through the large patio doors. This space certainly has the wow factor!
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text:
Q: Insert STYLEs into TWebBrowser I am using TWebBrowser as editor GUI for users.  I want to be able to insert web controls into the document.  A simple example would be a check box. (I can elaborate why if needed).  I have all this working when I first assemble the HTML document (with its STYLE and SCRIPTS sections) and then pass it en-block to the TWebBrowser.  But now I want to be able to insert my elements into an existing document.
I have this code, below, but it is causing and OLE error (see in comments in code):
procedure THTMLTemplateDocument.EnsureStylesInWebDOM;
var StyleBlock : IHTMLElement;
    StyleText: string;
begin
  StyleBlock := FWebBrowser.GetDocStyle;
  if not assigned(StyleBlock) then
    raise Exception.Create('Unable to access <STYLE> block in web document');
  StyleText := FCumulativeStyleCodes.Text;
  StyleBlock.InnerText := StyleText; <--- generates "OLE ERROR 800A0258"
end;

The called functions from the above code are as follows:
function THtmlObj.GetDocStyle: IHTMLElement;
//Return pointer to <STYLE> block, creating this if it was not already present.
var
  Document:    IHTMLDocument2;         // IHTMLDocument2 interface of Doc
  Elements:    IHTMLElementCollection; // all tags in document body
  AElement:    IHTMLElement;           // a tag in document body
  Style, Head: IHTMLElement;
  I:           Integer;                // loops thru Elements in document body
begin
  Result := nil;
  if not Supports(Doc, IHTMLDocument2, Document) then
    raise Exception.Create('Invalid HTML document');
  Elements := Document.all;
  for I := 0 to Pred(Elements.length) do begin
    AElement := Elements.item(I, EmptyParam) as IHTMLElement;
    if UpperCase(AElement.tagName) <> 'STYLE' then continue;
    result := AElement;
    break;
  end;
  if not assigned(Result) then begin
    Head := GetDocHead;
    if assigned(Head) then begin
      Style := Document.CreateElement('STYLE');
      (Head as IHTMLDOMNode).AppendChild(Style as IHTMLDOMNode);
      Result := Style;
    end;
  end;
end;

and
function THtmlObj.GetDocHead: IHTMLElement;
//Return pointer to <HEAD> block, creating this if it was not already present.
var
  Document:    IHTMLDocument2;         // IHTMLDocument2 interface of Doc
  Elements:    IHTMLElementCollection; // all tags in document body
  AElement:    IHTMLElement;           // a tag in document body
  Body:        IHTMLElement2;          // document body element
  Head:        IHTMLElement;
  I:           Integer;                // loops thru Elements in document body
begin
  Result := nil;
  if not Supports(Doc, IHTMLDocument2, Document) then
    raise Exception.Create('Invalid HTML document');
  if not Supports(Document.body, IHTMLElement2, Body) then
    raise Exception.Create('Can''t find <body> element');
  Elements := Document.all;
  for I := 0 to Pred(Elements.length) do begin
    AElement := Elements.item(I, EmptyParam) as IHTMLElement;
    if UpperCase(AElement.tagName) <> 'HEAD' then continue;
    Result := AElement;
    break;
  end;
  if not assigned(Result) then begin
    Head := Document.CreateElement('HEAD');
    (Body as IHTMLDOMNode).insertBefore(Head as IHTMLDOMNode, Body as IHTMLDOMNode);
    //now look for it again
    Elements := Document.all;
    for I := 0 to Pred(Elements.length) do begin
      AElement := Elements.item(I, EmptyParam) as IHTMLElement;
      if UpperCase(AElement.tagName) <> 'HEAD' then continue;
      Result := AElement;
      break;
    end;
  end;
end;

When I run this, StyleText =
'.selected {'#$D#$A'  font-weight : bold;'#$D#$A'  //background-color : yellow;'#$D#$A'}'#$D#$A'.unselected {'#$D#$A'  font-weight : normal;'#$D#$A'  //background-color : white;'#$D#$A'}'#$D#$A#$D#$A
But I tried making StyleText to be something simple like 'hello', and it still crashed.
A Google search for "OLE ERROR 800A0258" reveals several other people who have had similar problems, such as here and here -- this later user seems to indicate he fixed the problem by using .OuterHTML, but I tried this with similar error generated.   This thread seems to indicate the .InnerText is read only.  But in the interface declaration (see below), it seems to have a method for setting (i.e. not read-only).
// *********************************************************************//
// Interface: IHTMLElement
// Flags:     (4416) Dual OleAutomation Dispatchable
// GUID:      {3050F1FF-98B5-11CF-BB82-00AA00BDCE0B}
// *********************************************************************//
  IHTMLElement = interface(IDispatch)
    ['{3050F1FF-98B5-11CF-BB82-00AA00BDCE0B}']
...
    procedure Set_innerHTML(const p: WideString); safecall;
    function Get_innerHTML: WideString; safecall;
    procedure Set_innerText(const p: WideString); safecall;
    function Get_innerText: WideString; safecall;
    procedure Set_outerHTML(const p: WideString); safecall;
    function Get_outerHTML: WideString; safecall;
    procedure Set_outerText(const p: WideString); safecall;
    function Get_outerText: WideString; safecall;
...
    property innerHTML: WideString read Get_innerHTML write Set_innerHTML;
    property innerText: WideString read Get_innerText write Set_innerText;
    property outerHTML: WideString read Get_outerHTML write Set_outerHTML;
    property outerText: WideString read Get_outerText write Set_outerText;
...
  end;

Can anyone help be figure out how to set up STYLES in the <STYLE> section of an existing HTML document in a TWebBrowser?

A: If you have valid IHTMLDocument2, then you can call its createStyleSheet(). It will return IHTMLStyleSheet instance. You can use its cssText property to set style.
Make sure you take account of document's character encoding.

A: Based on guidance from @Zamrony P. Juhara, I came up with the following code.  I am posting in case it can help anyone else in the future.
procedure THtmlObj.AddStylesToExistingStyleSheet(StyleSheet: IHTMLStyleSheet; SelectorSL, CSSLineSL : TStringList);
//NOTE: There must be a 1:1 correlation between SelectorSL and CSSLineSL
//  The first SL will contain the selector text
//  the second SL will contain all the CSS in one line (divided by ";"'s)
var
  SLIdx, RuleIdx, p: integer;
  SelectorText, CSSText, OneCSSEntry : string;
begin
  if not assigned(StyleSheet) then begin
    raise Exception.Create('Invalid StyleSheet');
  end;
  for SLIdx := 0 to SelectorSL.Count - 1 do begin
    SelectorText := SelectorSL.Strings[SLIdx];
    if SlIdx > (CSSLineSL.Count - 1) then break;
    CSSText := CSSLineSL.Strings[SLIdx];
    while CSSText <> '' do begin
      p := Pos(';', CSSText);
      if p > 0 then begin
        OneCSSEntry := MidStr(CSSText, 1, p);
        CSSText := MidStr(CSSText, p+1, Length(CSSText));
      end else begin
        OneCSSEntry := CSSText;
        CSSText := '';
      end;
      RuleIdx := StyleSheet.Rules.length;
      StyleSheet.addRule(SelectorText, OneCSSEntry, RuleIdx);
    end;
  end;
end;

function THtmlObj.AddStyles(SelectorSL, CSSLineSL : TStringList) :     IHTMLStyleSheet;
//NOTE: There must be a 1:1 correlation between SelectorSL and CSSLineSL
//  The first SL will contain the selector text
//  the second SL will contain all the CSS in one line (divided by ";"'s)
var
  Document:      IHTMLDocument2;              // IHTMLDocument2 interface of Doc
  StyleSheets:   IHTMLStyleSheetsCollection;  // document's style sheets
  StyleSheet:    IHTMLStyleSheet;             // reference to a style sheet
  OVStyleSheet:  OleVariant;                  // variant ref to style sheet
  Idx:           integer;
begin
  Result := nil;
  if not Supports(Doc, IHTMLDocument2, Document) then begin
    raise Exception.Create('Invalid HTML document');
  end;
  StyleSheets := Document.styleSheets;
  Idx := Document.StyleSheets.length;
  OVStyleSheet := Document.createStyleSheet('',Idx);
  if not VarSupports(OVStyleSheet, IHTMLStyleSheet, StyleSheet) then begin
    raise Exception.Create('Unable to create valid style sheet');
  end;
  Result := StyleSheet;
  AddStylesToExistingStyleSheet(StyleSheet, SelectorSL, CSSLineSL);
end; //AddStyles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Michael Hümbert (* 6. Januar 1990 in Saarbrücken) ist ein deutscher Straßenradrennfahrer.

Michael Hümbert gewann 2007 in Wallenhorst die zweite Etappe bei der Niedersachsen-Rundfahrt der Junioren und konnte so auch die Gesamtwertung für sich entscheiden. Später gewann er bei der Sparkassen Münsterland Tour noch eine Etappe. Durch diese Erfolge wurde er Erster in der Gesamtwertung der Internationalen Deutschen Meisterschaft.

2009 erhielt Hümbert seinen ersten Vertrag bei einem internationalen Radsportteam, dem Continental Team Seven Stones.

Erfolge
2007
 Niedersachsen-Rundfahrt der Junioren und eine Etappe
 eine Etappe Sparkassen Münsterland Tour
 Gesamtwertung Internationale Deutschen Meisterschaft

2009
 Gesamtnachwuchswertung Rad-Bundesliga U23

2012
 eine Etappe Tour de Berlin

Teams
 2009–2011 Seven Stones
 2012 LKT Brandenburg
 2013
 2014

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Radsportler (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 1990
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
india-centric-stats
Harmanpreet Singh Poised to Become India's Top Men's Hockey Goal-Scorer
November 8, 2022 November 15, 2022 admin
Indian men's hockey team captain Harmanpreet Singh is poised to become the country top men's goal-scorer if his rollicking goal-scoring form off penalty corner routines is anything to go by – the 26-year-old fullback has had a phenomenal 2022 amassing 33 goals so far. The proficient deep defender had emerged as the top goal-scorer of the 2021-22 FIH Pro League with 18 goals to his tally – the Punjab Da Puttar also finished as the second highest goal-scorer at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games – in the ongoing 2022-23 FIH Pro League Harmanpreet is on top of the tree with 6 goals.
Read Men's Hockey Top Goal-Scorers of 2022
The sizzling form of Harmanpreet Singh was a key factor in the Indian men finishing third in the 2021-22 FIH Pro League – his meaningful contributions in the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games went a long way in the Blueshirts bagging a silver medal, which got buried under large-scale attention generated by our 0-7 final loss to Australia.
Read Women's Hockey Top Goal-Scorers of 2022
Harmanpreet equalled four-time Olympian and four-time World-Cupper Dhanraj Pillay's record of 121 internationals goals when he scored India's second goal against Spain in the second-leg tie at the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneshwar, a game which headed into a shootout where they had the last laugh. He has now scored 121 goals from 159 internationals.
Read Bracing Up for Bigger Things: Drag-Flicker Sharda Nand Tiwari
The Indian skipper is now only behind the drag-flicking troika of Sandeep Singh, Vokkaliga Raghunath, and Rupinder Pal Singh. Sandeep Singh has held the most goal-scoring record for India for many years with 138 goals from 186 internationals. Vokkaliga Raghunath has scored 132 goals from 228 internationals, while Rupinder Pal Singh has scored 125 goals from 223 internationals.
Read Absence of Big Teams Rob Sultan Azlan Shah Cup Much of its Sheen
With the five Test Series lined up against Australia at the end of November and early December at the MATE Stadium, followed by the 2023 World Cup and the remaining lot of the 2022-23 FIH Pro League, one can expect Harmanpreet to score the remaining 18 goals and become the country's goal-scorer from around 25-odd matches if his consistent run continues.
← 300th International Cap Milestone for Malaysian Fullback Razie Rahim
Pall of Gloom Descends on Pune Hockey Fraternity Over Death of Hockey Stalwart Benny Boodle →
Stats Corner: India in Junior Women's Hockey World Cup
Brothers Representing Indian Men's Hockey Team in Olympics & World Cups
Indian Men's Biggest Defeats vs Australia
August 8, 2022 November 8, 2022 admin
One thought on "Harmanpreet Singh Poised to Become India's Top Men's Hockey Goal-Scorer"
He is a class apart.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I noticed that I seemed to have way more ear wax since coming to India, so I did some research and read through some medical journals and found that there is a scientific link between high humidity conditions and an increase in the production of ear wax. No one quite seems to know why though.
So there you have it, if you are coming to India (or maybe you are already here and wondering why you have more ear wax than usual), make sure you pack cotton wool ear buds to keep your ear channels squeaky clean.
As I said, I know no one wants to read about this stuff, but if I don't tell you, who else will?!
I think the Star Wars trilogy has more innuendos than any other film put together!


Senseless male violence can burst forth anywhere, anytime. It is often exacerbated by distorted, or hateful notions of masculinity. Why does this horrendous political male violence occur? What can be done about it?
Full listing of Sociology courses in the College catalog.
Complete SOC 376 (Sociological Theory), SOC 383 (Statistics) and SOC 482 (Research Methods) by the end of your junior year.
Come get to know the teachers who comprise the Sociology and Anthropology department at Wheaton College.


Hi guys, are there any plans for making a Dogs of War list ? I read the "Iron legion" post, and while its nice and well done, I have a full army of DoW with paymaster, that needs using.
@EdSteiner has a wonderful book that covers this.
YES! My conquest is complete! I now have every Army and my bias will be for Every L.A.B. to be great!.
Did you check A list of Homebrew?
he wants only the best...thats why he likes the Iron Legion!
THE IRON LEGION Dog of War for T9A !
This is what you could be looking for.
I'm very much interresed in a ''Dogs of war'' like mercenary faction but I'm a bit confused when I look at the list @Calisson gave. There is like 10 project going on ?!
What is the project the T9A Team is more likely to approve as an offical book ? (sooner or later).
The more advanced seems to be Iron Legion and Grand Companies ?
Why is there so much divergence and project going on ?
There is no official intention at the moment for T9A to approve any.
The official intention is for T9A to create its own Icron Crown AB.
Because of this intention, Homebrew DoW were at some point strongly discouraged.
Until the team realized that chances were near certain that no IC AB would be delivered for 5 years or more, and informed the community.
- encourage model companies ot keep providing adequate models during the interval.
Among the many Homebrew DoW, Grand Companies was made with the clear intention to prepare T9A IC the best it could.
In order to do so, the organizers took care to use as much as possible of IC fluff already released, to use as much as possible the T9A procedures, and most importantly, to incorporate the largest possible number of participants.
However, it is not finished yet. And there is no guarantee it will be completed, nor that it will serve its purpose of preparing IC.
Only when it will be completed do I intend to help its writers to investigate with T9A team how possibly to upgrade its status. Being the result of a collective vision and effort adapted to T9A is hoped to be a convincing argument.
All other Homebrew seem more to be basically one-man-projects, based more on GW fluff or a personal vision than on anticipated T9A fluff.
Their main advantage is to exist - and that's huge! They also present strong spirit, thanks to their internal coherence as a one-man's-work.
They should be soon-ish all superseded by the Grand Companies when ultimately it will be delivered, presuming that more DoW players will invest in that collective book than in others.
In any case, in the long term, all will be replaced by IC. If ever IC is done.


To see our full Precision Spray Nozzles ad click here.
These are three words that often come to mind when you think of Hawaii. And this has been the Kona Irrigation Supply business focus for the past three decades: Helping our many customers assist nature in making Hawaii greener and more attractive.
Since its founding in Kona in 1980, Kona Irrigation Supply has provided a wide variety of quality irrigation products and systems for residential, commercial, agricultural, golf, and hotel/resort projects on all the Hawaiian Islands and Guam. These projects have included supplying the irrigation needs of numerous luxury and high end residences along with some of the Islands' most well-known golf courses.
While our extensive inventory of quality products is a vital part of our business, over the years Kona Irrigation Supply has built a reputation for outstanding customer service and support to homeowners as well as landscapers and other professionals. Our friendly staff and their irrigation knowledge and experience has helped thousands of customers make their irrigation projects a success.
Today, Kona Irrigation Supply is a modern company, promoting new products and technologies for enhanced water conservation, ease of installation and improved aesthetics. Kona Irrigation Supply is also the exclusive distributor for Brand irrigation products for the State of Hawaii.
Kona Irrigation serves the whole State of Hawaii from its two office warehouses in Kona in the Kaloko Light Industrial Area and in Honolulu near the Airport off Lagoon Drive on Waiwai Loop.


Welcome to SU Enterprise, Inc.
We are dedicated to providing innovative cost-efficient vehicle-diagnostic solutions.
See our list of available products on our Products page.
Copyright © 2017 SU Enterprise, Inc.


text:
By Eva Gale
Adult Erotica
England, 1860, and by her mother's orders Constance is in treatment for Hysteria. She never complains. Until a new doctor takes over and threatens the only pleasure she knows in life.
18 and over please.
Download: epub mobi (Kindle) pdf more Online Reader
rtf lrf pdb txt
Price: Free! USD
Category: Fiction » Erotica » Women's Erotica
Erotica themes: Unknown
Published: Jan. 27, 2009
Tags: romance erotica historical erotica erotic romance
About Eva Gale
Eva Gale loves white cupcakes with bitter chocolate frosting, lots of dark roast coffee and six-foot piles of books. She would prefer them all at once, but she takes what she can get. She lives in the farmlands of NJ, with her husband and seven children whom they homeschool. They have one doofus Doberman, a Yellow Naped Amazon named Gizmo, two cats and two Blackberry Hamsters named Mac and PC but are looking to add chickens, guinea hens, bees and Lancashire Heelers to their collection. When she's not guiding school, she's writing, weeding the garden or doing endless loads of dishes and laundry.
Learn more about Eva Gale
Fiction > Erotica > Men's Erotica
Fiction > Erotica > Contemporary
Fiction > Erotica > General
Fiction > Erotica > Menage/Multiple Partners
Fiction > Erotica > BDSM
Lana Amore reviewed on on Jan. 29, 2016
If you filled in those 'Two Years Later" you'd have an amazing book on your hands. The first two chapters are spectacular.
(review of free book)
J.J. Black reviewed on on March 28, 2015
Too short needs more filler content. What was present was good though
Tez Miller reviewed on on Feb. 28, 2015
Only 24 pages? Good, but I don't see how Dr Drake fell in love with Constance.
Nenia Campbell reviewed on on July 19, 2014
I'm not really sure why this is shelved as a romance, as there really isn't much. HYSTERIA is a short (very short) story about a girl named Constance who is being treated for her hysteria in Victorian England.
Hysteria is now known as a synonym for "panic" (or the title of a Muse song), but it used to be a handy-dandy catch-all term to describe the behavior of women who didn't act the way society wanted them to. This could be anything from bona fide mental illness to causing trouble to...I don't know, sexual abnormalities.
Constance has mental illness in her family and her mother preemptively signed her up for these treatments for her "hysteria." Apparently, these treatments sometimes included manual stimulation to induce "hysterical paroxysms", or orgasms.
And what did they use to do this, apart from their hands?
Dildos! Vibrators! And water nozzles!
Not much has changed in the last 150 years!
(Image from Wikipedia)
Once a week, Constance is dressed to go to the doctor and then she disrobes and the doctor shoves a metal dildo in there and starts twisting it around and Constance hates it and is humiliated, obviously, but she also loves the orgasms, which makes her feel guilty, and self-blamey (I really am crazy). She's gotten addicted enough to the sensation that she's started masturbating furiously whenever she's alone, which only serves to reinforce her dysfunction.
One day, the Doctor is replaced by a comely new young doctor named Doctor Drake. And Constance is horrified (and yet also perversely delighted) that he is attractive. Horrified, because now she can no longer separate her physical arousal from its instigator, and delighted because ooooh, Dr. McDreamy has just met his Victorian-era match. But then Constance's mother must intervene because she is a bitch...
HYSTERIA just didn't really work as a 24-page short. Everything was so abrupt and I was very confused about what was going on until I read some of the other reviews on this site and then did some research about the treatment of hysteria in Victorian times. (What I know about hysteria is that it refers to "wandering womb" and was popularized by Hippocrates, that brilliant, misogynistic bastard, and was treated by forced hysterectomies. Owie.)
If this was a full length novel, and featured some actual character depth and plot arcs, I feel like HYSTERIA could have been more than decent. As it was...meh.
1.5 stars.
Rakab reviewed on on July 27, 2013
Nice peek into mind of a girl tortured by prohibited desires. Quite hot story beside that.
maria rivera reviewed on on April 12, 2013
I'll read it again, it is a good story, too short though.
L. Neal reviewed on on Jan. 24, 2013
What a creepy, dark short tale. I learn something new everyday, never knew this went on....I was actually wondered who condoned these treatments. Medicine has come very far in the modern world, thank God. I enjoyed this short story. Hoping the author gives us a full novel.
Michelle Birbeck reviewed on on Nov. 20, 2012
This is the second of Eva Gale's short stories I've read, and I loved it. I'm not one for history, but the occasional historical novel I do enjoy. This is one of those. It isn't the hot and steamy erotica that 101 Degrees Fahrenheit was, and was more along the lines of The Seduction of Gabriel Stewart, in its slow build and fantastic finale.
The only complaint I had, in fact, was that, as with the other stories by Eva Gale, the ending seemed somewhat rushed.
Overall though, five stars, and absolutely a recommended read!
(reviewed for Short, Sweet, and Snappy blog)
Bertha Sampson reviewed on on Nov. 7, 2012
Excellent writing. I enjoyed this very much.
Kelly Krance reviewed on on Sep. 27, 2012
An excellent piece of writing. I would like to read more about these characters and the life they build together.
Manuela Cardiga reviewed on on Sep. 16, 2012
Stunningly well-writen, captures the spirit and the feel of the Victorian era beautifully.
Nicole Thornton reviewed on on May 28, 2012
Thanks for a good read.
Sarah Spelbring reviewed on on April 27, 2012
Its a bit too graphic for me, even if the "treatments" are true. It gave me shivers as I read it, wonderful story-telling, I'm just not fond of the content.
Punya punyah.rashid@yahoo.com reviewed on on Jan. 28, 2012
Interesting. I loved it!
SM Johnson reviewed on on Dec. 23, 2011
Quite nice.
Chay No reviewed on on Nov. 23, 2011
Quite strange... don't know if I would actually read this one again.
Doris Holmes reviewed on on Sep. 13, 2011
I'm glad we are not giving those type of treatments in this day and age. Men always think that sex is the answer. Good story.
Sibel Hodge reviewed on on June 21, 2011
First of all, when I read this, I wasn't aware of the "treatments" for hysteria given to women in the 19th Century, and it's pretty creepy and freaky to think this actually went on!
I'm not in to erotic romance really but I have to admit the writing sucked me in. It's very eloquently written and pretty powerful. But I was disappointed with the ending which happened too quickly and gave no real reason or explanation for it. I think the short story could've been expanded on to make for a more fulfilling ending.
Anjelika Thea reviewed on on June 11, 2011
This review has spoilers.
2.5 stars. When I first started this, I did not know about the historical background of Hysteria and the treatments that had been recommended until I'd read a couple of reviews and looked up the information online. It enabled me to look at it from a different perspective, and made it a better reading experience.
I liked this story. The HEA was rather sweet although it was too short to show why and how Dr. Drake and Constance fell in love. It was also a bit uncomfortable to read and I wasn't certain I would finish it. I think it was because there was some "ick" factor for me in how the two met and under what circumstances. There was also the fact that as the reader, I was reading from Constance's 1st person, present tense POV. It is actually a bit disturbing how eagerly she looks forward to her treatments and manipulates her mother and her doctor to get her way although I can see why she would do so. But the writing style lent her voice a particular "mad" quality to it. If I could have seen her processing why she had felt so anxious and disturbed by Dr. Drake, I think I would have liked it better. And then, there's the question of whether Dr. Drake had the authority to remove her from her parents' care and take her as his Ward.
Rikki K reviewed on on June 7, 2011
The 'treatments' are creeping me out. I had no clue about those. The story however is well written, and I really thought the main character and her mother were completely mad.
Chay No reviewed on on April 23, 2011
Interesting story... can't decide if i like it or not... quess I will have to go back and re-read this story...
Rushmore Judd reviewed on on April 23, 2011
Interesting. We both wrote a story with the same title in a similar time frame and with a similar experience. Of course our stories are different. I complement you on yours. Well done. I agree with an earlier commenter that it could have been longer.
Ernest Winchester reviewed on on April 22, 2011
Odd! Two stories. Same title. Two fictitious accounts of very real nineteenth century quack treatments of "Hysteria" in women. Stories of machines designed to do what a man should have been taught to do.
BD Nelson reviewed on on April 21, 2011
Thank you for sharing this delightful story. I enjoyed it very much and found it to be very well written.
a_white reviewed on on Feb. 19, 2011
I actually wish it was written out to be a little longer, like mending time periods together, but other than that it was beautifully written.
Tina H. reviewed on on Feb. 8, 2011
This story has gotten a number of positive reviews with good reason. It is tastefully and beautifully done, and draws attention to a little known historical fact of how women were viewed and treated in the nineteenth century. Sometimes people are just drawn together. It is part of the mystery of love. To have expanded on the relationship between the main character and her doctor would have required a full length novel, and though it would have been enjoyable to learn of that two year period spent together as their relationship developed, as a short story, it still felt powerful and stirring.
Brandy Hunt reviewed on on Jan. 14, 2011
While there are parts here that could have used some expansion, I felt this was well written. And caused some conflicting emotions. What a strange and horrid time for women.
Shelley Cramer reviewed on on Dec. 26, 2010
I have to agree with Alice. An explanation of the connection they felt would have been helpful.
I had never heard of such treatments, and after reading was prompted to do a little research out of curiosity.
Excellent reading and I learned something!
Alice V reviewed on on Dec. 19, 2010
A very good read. I love the different words usedto describe Constance's encounters with the doctors. I wish the ending wasn't so rushed. I think it needs to explain more of why Dr Drake wanted her and their "connection."
Ms. Milliscent reviewed on on Sep. 5, 2010
I'd heard of, but not thought much about, these quack medical treatments for hysteria in the Victorian age. This book did a wonderful job portraying the emotions such treatments could have elicited. Thank you for this fun story.
Keri Armstrong reviewed on on May 8, 2010
I enjoyed this one quite a bit.
seraphina reviewed on on April 18, 2010
Great story. You did your research for this one. The feelings of the female lead are nicely expressed, the 'evil' mother, the rescue... I really enjoy this!
Katarr Kanticles Press reviewed on on Aug. 18, 2009
I had only recently learned of the 'treatment' for hysteria in that time period. Have to say that you did a wonderful job at portraying it and Constance's emotions.
Very much enjoyed reading.
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SSC 10+2 RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION 2013 was held on 20th October all across India. Lakhs of candidates appeared in this examination for securing themselves a Central Government Job.
The overall level of the SSC 10+2 RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION 2013 was very easy and many students were able to attempt a good number of questions in it.
Looking the easy level of the paper the Cut offs of SSC 10+2 RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION 2013 would be somewhere around 90 out of 200.
If you have queries regarding any question kindly post them here in the comments section.
1. who said human is a social animal?
2.extreme form of market are?
3.who is the author of the book "the state of the nation"?
5supply function expresses relation between ?


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Advanced Supplies adhesive rolls are manufactured from a carefully selected paper base which is tested for thickness, consistency and profile to ensure a constant high wind quality. The paper is highly moisture resistant to ensure the material remains stable during transit, storage and use. The specially formulated adhesive is designed to work effectively with all elastomer roller based contact cleaning systems.
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Advanced Supplies recently announced the launch of a new range of W&H doctor blade chamber end seals developed to address a problem that many flexo printers deal with every day; leaking ink. Ink leakage and the mess that it creates is one of the biggest causes of press downtime, not to mention the cost in waste ink that cannot be recovered.
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The new end seals are now available for W&H Miraflex, Novoflex and Primaflex presses and can also be custom designed for most other commonly used flexo presses.
Unilux Inc (stand 4C68) will introduce six new LED and LED-UV strobe lights at Labelexpo Europe 2015. The new models complete a full offering of LED-based stroboscopes that combine brighter output, more efficient operation and reduced maintenance. This LED technology replaces xenon-based lights that have been the foundation of inspection solution strategies for decades.
Unilux will be introducing three new sizes of its highly versatile handheld H2L Series LED strobe: the LED-9, LED-27, and LED-36. These allow label printers and converters to clearly view printing and slitting quality anywhere on the press. The new sizes are in addition to models introduced by Unilux earlier this year, the LED-1, LED-3 and LED-12, further expanding the range of coverage available in the H2L Series of handheld LED strobes.
This new generation of LED strobe lights provides brighter illumination than the xenon-based technology, as well as lower cost of ownership by using only 35 percent of the power and eliminating lamp replacement and downtime caused by lamp burnout. The expected lifetime of the LEDs is 8 years plus, rather than 6 months for xenon-based units. LED designs also operate at cooler temperatures and emit no ozone gas.
Unilux will also be showcasing its UV line of strobes, the only source for LED UV inspection lighting. By using LED diodes instead of UV filters which go over the lenses of xenon-based strobes, Unilux is able to make the lights 10 times brighter than comparable xenon lamps, eliminating the need to build special inspection stations where ambient light is a factor. The combination of brighter light and greater choice of sizes, including battery-powered portability, lets printers inspect product wherever it's most efficient for their operations.
Also on display at the Unilux Labelexpo 2015 booth will be three sizes of its fixed-mount LED2000 for real-time surface inspection across the entire width of the web.
A simple, sensitive and rugged tank mounted viscosity sensor for use with inks, adhesives, coatings, chemicals and paints is now available from the Norcross Corporation via UK agents Advanced Supplies Limited.
The Norcross MXBO Viscosity Sensor uses the proven "piston time-of-fall" method for measuring viscosities from 0.1 to 100,000 CPS and is PLC compatible for use with a customer's process controllers. Suitable for water and solvent-based applications with open tanks between 10" and 24" deep, this sensor is unaffected by level or turbulence for high or low mix conditions.
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Manchester based specialist extruder, flexographic printer and converter Duo Plastics had been using a variety of double diaphragm and centrifugal pumps on their flexo presses for a number of years. Faced with having to carry an ever-increasing number of spare parts for a growing range of models Print Manager, Frank Taylor decided he needed to source a reliable, affordable alternative, which would cover most of his pumping requirements.
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text:
layout: post
title: Ezora
date: 2016-09-24 00:00:00
homepage: https://github.com/ezrasavard/ezora-jekyll-theme
download: https://github.com/ezrasavard/ezora-jekyll-theme/archive/master.zip
demo: http://www.ezrasavard.com/ezorademo
author: Ezra Savard
thumbnail: ezora.png
license: MIT License
license_link: https://github.com/poole/poole/blob/master/LICENSE.md
---

### Ezora Theme for Jekyll

Ezora is a responsive Jekyll theme with a clean single column layout,
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text:
Self-interest Cartoons
Self-interest cartoon 1 of 56
"I won't attend a benefit unless I know it's for a worthwhile photo spread."
Gregory, Alex
photo spread, photo spreads, priorities, bad priorities, wrong priorities, benefit gala, benefit galas, publicity, famous person, famous people, selfish, selfishness, self interest, self-interest, rich person, rich people, the one percent, the 1 percent, wealth divide, wealth gap, charity, charities, charity gala, charity galas, magazine, magazines
"There is no justice in the world."
psychology, philosophy, politics, the world is just, food chain, food chains, hierarchy, hierachies, classes, class difference, class differences, privilege, privileged, justice, justice system, social difference, social differences, first world, third world, self-interested, perspective, perspectives, system of justice, systems of justice, mankoff, selfish, self-interest, self-interested, elite, elites, elitist, elitists, elitism, predator, prey, capitalism, capitalist, capitalists, socialism, socialist, socialists, little guy, big fish
"We would like to be genetically modified to taste like Brussels sprouts."
Gross, Sam
brussels sprouts, cows, genes, wishes, fairy godmother, dna, genetic engineering, modern life, agriculture, animals, myths, vegetables, food, gmo, gmos, genetically modified organism, genetically modified organisms, gm food, gm foods, self-preserve, self-preservation, wish, wishes, fairy, fairies, vegetarian, vegetarians, vegan, vegans, animal rights, slaughter, slaughters, slaughtering, self-interest, self-interested
"Isn't it true that you did not love the victim, as you claim, but, in point of fact, feigned affection for the sole purpose of obtaining tuna fish?"
cat, cats, cat person, cat people, cat lover, cat lovers, selfish, self-interest, self-interested, trial, trials, courtroom, courtrooms, court trial, court trials, tuna, tuna fish, user, users, feign affection, feigned affection, affection, insincere, insincerity, pet, pets
"My child's school is having an auction, so can your entire life come to a halt?"
school, schools, auction, auctions, fundraiser, fundraisers, fundraising, unrealistic, expectation, expectations, self-interest, self-interested, selfish, parent, parents, modern parent, modern parents, parenting, annoyance, annoyances, annoying, nuisance, nuisances, co-worker, co-workers, colleague, colleagues, entitled, entitlement complex, imposition, impositions, impose, imposing
"Damn it, man, do I look like I have any yellow ochre?"
ochre, yellow ochre, train track, train tracks, artist, artists, self-interest, self-interested, self-absorbed, self absorption, egotist, egotists, egotistical, ego, egos, big ego, big egos, self-important, self-importance, selfish, selfishness
"Here I was, all this time, worrying that maybe I'm a selfish person, and now it turns out I've been suffering from compassion fatigue."
selfish, selfishness, selfish person, selfish people, compassion, compassionate, empathy, empathetic, sympathy, sympathetic, self-diagnose, self-diagnosis, self-diagnoses, worry, worries, worrying, elite, elites, wealthy elite, rich, riches, rich person, rich people, 1%, spare change, begging, panhandle, panhandles, panhandling, callous, indifferent, indifference, uncaring, self-interested, self-interest
"Part of me wants to help you with your crisis, Hargraves, but part of me wants to go to lunch."
crisis, crises, help, helps, helping, helper, helpers, care, cares, caring, selfish, selfishness, lunch break, lunch breaks, lunch hour, lunch hours, help out, helps out, helping out, self-interest, self-interested
"I can only discuss salary and benefits. You'll have to analyze the babe situation yourself."
babe, babes, sexist, sexists, misogynist, misogynists, misogyny, workplace, workplaces, male-dominated, man, men, glass ceiling, glass ceilings, bro, bros, dudebro, dudebros, job interview, job interviews, salary, salaries, benefits, job qualification, job qualifications, attraction, self-interest, self-interested, hiring officer, hiring officers, feminist, feminists, feminism, corporate culture
Self-interest cartoon 10 of 56
Time in the airport is all measured against the time in New York City.
new york, new yorker, new yorkers, self-centered, self-centred, self-interest, self-interested, center of the world, center of the universe, elite, elites, elitist, elitists, new york city, centre of the world, centre of the universe
"No, you're not too late. Cathy's just beginning to put calcium into perspective."
calcium, chat, chats, chatting, science, scientist, scientists, party, parties, partying, cocktail party, cocktail parties, monologue, monologues, put into perspective, bore, bores, boring, self-interest, self-interested, element, elements, mineral, minerals, vitamin, vitamins, health food, health foods, healthy food, healthy foods
"I'm doing a think piece on me."
think piece, think pieces, journalist, journalists, journalism, couple, couples, accomplishment, accomplishments, achievement, achievements, modern life, modern lives, modern times, online journalism, clickbait, click bait, listicle, listicles, fame, 15 minutes of fame, fifteen minutes, 15 minutes, self-interest, self-interested, autobiography, autobiographies, autobiographical
"I'm starting my own movement—Occupy Fifty-Seventh Street."
Acocella Marchetto, Marisa
occupy wall street, opportunist, opportunists, opportunistic, shop, shops, shopping, shopper, shoppers, shopaholic, shopaholics, retail therapy, retailer, retailers, 57th street, fifty-seventh street, new yorker, new yorkers, new york city, fifth avenue, 1%, 99%, rich person, rich people, fashionista, fashionistas, dress up, dresses up, dressing up, protest, protests, protesting, protester, protesters, self-interest, self-interested, left wing
"I have this fantasy of everyone else in my life reinventing themselves."
fantasy, dreaming, hoping, dream, grumpy, resentful, resent, reverse, inverse, inverted, asocial, dislikes, people person, stubborn, narrow minded, intolerant, utopia, jaded, tired, bored, self-interest, self-interested, self-centered, self-centred, selfish, callous, diva, divas, antisocial, expectation, expectations, expectant
"My majesty."
your majesty, king, kings, monarch, monarchs, monarchy, monarchies, throne, thrones, throne room, throne rooms, fealty, swear fealty, swearing fealty, courtier, courtiers, ego, egos, egotist, egotists, egotistical, narcissist, narcissists, narcissism, self-worship, selfish, selfishness, status, high status, royal, royals, royalty, self-interest, self-interested, high society, divine right, divine rights
"Congratulations, sire - your financial reforms have been successful!"
financial reform, financial reforms, tax, taxes, tax break, tax breaks, levy, levies, levying, fine, fines, royal, royals, royalty, king, kings, conflict of interest, conflicts of interest, self-interest, self-interested, greed, greedy, 1%, upper 1%, wealthy, wealth, politician, politicians, corrupt, corruption, conservative, conservatives, conservative economics, tax season, overtax, overtaxed, overtaxing
"I don't like six per-cent unemployment, either. But I can live with it."
rich person, rich people, the one percent, the 1 percent, wealth divide, wealth gap, employment figures, unemployment figures, unemployment, employment, upper class, upper classes, employment rates, self interest, self interested, self-interest, self-interested, male pale stale, business man, business men, businessman, businessmen, businessperson, capitalism, capitalist, capitalists
"Tell your grandfather how much you like his present and ask him if he still has the receipt."
return, returns, gift, gifts, present, presents, christmas, x-mas, xmas, unwanted, unwanted gift, unwanted gifts, receipt, receipts, returns department, returns departments, self-interest, self-interested, phone, phones, cellphone, cellphones, cell phone, cell phones, mobile, mobiles, smartphone, smartphones, smart phone, smart phones, exchange, exchanges, exchanging, birthday, birthdays, thankful, grateful, inappropriate, ask permission, asking permission, limited screen time, limiting screen time
"I've always had this vague curiosity about me."
curious, self, self interest, self-interest, selfish, self obsessed, curiosity, pretentious, ostentatious, vague, vague curiosity, oneself, deep, woke, dating, chatting, chat-up
Rashomon of West 84th Street
rashomon, rashomon effect, parking space, parking spaces, kurosawa, akira kurosawa, perspective, perspective, perspective shift, perspective shifts, different perspective, different perspectives, psychology, human psychology, memory, memories, unreliable, unreliable narrator, unreliable narrators, self-interest, self-interested, ego, egos, dispute, disputes, disputing, disputed, parking spot, parking spots, new york, new yorker, new yorkers, new york city
Government cheese and crackers.
handout, handouts, handing out, government handout, government handouts, crackers, cheese and crackers, government cheese, welfare, welfare system, benefits, government benefits, giveaway, giveaways, give away, gives away, giving away, greed, greedy, greediness, self-interest, self-interested
"Afterward, there will be a short Q. and A. that will be just long enough for one person to take up too much of it."
q and a, question and answer, q. and a., q & a, session, sessions, attention hog, attention hogs, hog the mic, hogs the mic, hogging the mic, selfish, selfishness, self-interest, self-interested, greed, greedy, question, questions, lengthy question, lengthy questions, audience participation, emcee, emcees, emceeing, host, hosts, hosting, inevitable, cliche, murphy's law, interview, interviews, panel, discussion panel, discussion panels, debate, debates, public debate, public debates, debating, expert, experts, expertise
"I'm even better off than I was four years ago."
slogan, slogans, political slogan, political slogans, better off, president, presidents, presidential term, presidential terms, political elite, political elites, politician, politicians, self-interest, self-interested, fatcat, fatcats, fat cat, fat cats, enrich, enriches, government spending, executive, executives, business executive, business executives
Support our C.E.O.s.
Shaw, Michael
ceo, ceos, c.e.o., c.e.o.s, overprivileged, privileged, executive, executives, charity, charities, charity drive, charity drives, support our troops, bumper sticker, bumper stickers, bumper, bumpers, sticker, stickers, iraq, war in iraq, self-interest, self-interested, selfish, selfishness
"Peace on Earth, good will toward crows."
Harris, Sidney
selfish, self-interest, self-interested, prayer, prayers, pray, prays, praying, peace on earth, world peace, nature, animal, animals, selfishness, bug, bugs, turtle, turtles, chipmunk, chipmunks, frog, frogs, crow, crows, god, ego, egotist, egotists, egotistical, species, preference, preferences, self-involved
More cartoons with the keyword 'self-interest'


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/IvanProdaiko94/hekdi.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/IvanProdaiko94/hekdi)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/mashape/apistatus.svg)]()
[![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/hekdi.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/hekdi)
[![npm](https://img.shields.io/npm/dt/hekdi.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/hekdi)

# node.js Dependency Injection

### Scale your node.js app with ease.

```bash
npm i hekdi
```

![App Example](assets/draw.png)

## Basic usage:

```javascript
// imported.module.js
const { createModule } = require('hekdi');

class Dependency1 {
  constructor() {
    this.name = 'Dependency1';
  }
}

class Dependency2 {
  static get $inject() {
    return ['LocalDependency'];
  }

  constructor(d1) {
    this.name = 'Dependency2';
    this.d1 = d1;
  }
}

module.exports = createModule({
  name: 'ImportedModule',
  declarations: [
    { name: 'LocalDependency', strategy: 'singleton', value: Dependency1 },
    { name: 'PublicDependency', strategy: 'service', value: Dependency2 },
    { name: 'Arr', strategy: 'value', value: [1, 2, 3] }
  ],
  exports: ['PublicDependency', 'Arr']
});
```

```javascript
// main.module.js
const { createModule } = require('hekdi');
const importedModule = require('./imported.module');

class Ctrl {
  static get $inject() {
    return ['PublicDependency', 'Arr'];
  }

  constructor(publicDep, arr) {
    console.log(publicDep, arr);
  }
}

module.exports = createModule({
  name: 'SharedModule',
  declarations: [
    { name: 'Controller', strategy: 'singleton', value: Ctrl },
    { name: 'ControllerAs', strategy: 'alias', value: 'Controller' }
  ],
  imports: [ importedModule ]
})
```

```javascript
// app.js
const { DI } = require('hekdi');
const MainModule = require('./main.module');
const di = DI.create();

di.bootstrap(MainModule);

const ctrl = di.resolve('ControllerAs');
// Dependency2 { name: 'Dependency2', d1: Dependency1 { name: 'Dependency1' } } [ 1, 2, 3 ]
```

## Main concepts:

### Top level API:
Top level api is `DI` class that bootstraps main module and serves dependencies from it then.

```javascript
const { DI } = require('hekdi');
const di = DI.create();

di.module(moduleConfig) // creates new module from config

di.bootstrap(moduleConfig) // register module as main one and resolve dependencies from it

const dep = di.resolve('dependency') // return dependency that was registered to bootstrapped module according to its strategy
```

### Modularity:

DI provides modules as a structural unit of app.
- `declarations` array sets own dependencies of this module.
- `exports` array tells what dependencies are available for other modules
- `imports` array will inject exported members from other module to this one

```javascript
const { createModule } = require('hekdi');

createModule({
  name: 'SomeModule',
  declarations: [
    { name: 'LocalDependency', strategy: 'singleton', value: class X {} },
    { name: 'PublicDependency', strategy: 'service', value: class Y {} },
    { name: 'Arr', strategy: 'value', value: [1, 2, 3] }
  ],
  exports: ['PublicDependency', 'Arr'], // if '*' set, module will export all of the dependencies including imported
  imports: [ AnotherModuleInstance ]
});
// here 'LocalDependency' will be available for injection only for members of this module.
```

### Strategies:
- `service` - each time a new instance will be created with `new` keyword.
- `factory` - return the result of plain function call.
- `singleton` - only one instance will be created.
- `value` - just will be returned.
- `constant` - the same as `value` but can't be reassign.
- `alias` - used to create an alias for some dependency.

# Koa.js usage:

`hekdi` can be integrated with [koa.js](https://github.com/koajs/koa).

The main concept of framework integration is monkey patching of functions
that are responsible for requests handling.

While using koa hakdi monkey patches `use` method.

#### Basic usage:
```javascript
const Koa = require('koa');
const { koaDI } = require('hekdi');
const app = new Koa();

const moduleToBootstrap = {
  name: 'MainModule',
  declarations: [
    { name: 'ctrl', strategy: 'singleton', value: SomeClass },
    { name: 'echo',
      strategy: 'value',
      value: async (ctx) => {
         ctx.body = ctx.request.body;
      }
    }
  ],
  exports: '*'
};

koaDI(moduleToBootstrap, app);
// now di is already bootstrapped and ready to work.
// In koa app you can reach di as `app.context.di`
// In di you can get koa app as `App` dependency.
app.use({
  controller: 'ctrl', // if dependency is object
  action: 'middleware', // you tell which of its methods will be called
  params: [1, 2, 3] // also you can pass additional params to call if needed
});

app.use({ action: 'echo' });
// you can reach some function without class creation by passing only action
// to `use` method

app.use(async (ctx) => { // you still can pass function to `use` method
  ctx.body = ctx.request.body;
});

app.listen(3000)
```

### Usage with router
While using router the story is almost the same:
```javascript
'use strict';

const Koa = require('koa');
const Router = require('koa-router');
const bodyParser = require('koa-body-parser');
const { koaDI } = require('hekdi');

const app = new Koa();
const router = new Router();

const moduleToBootstrap = {
  name: 'MainModule',
  declarations: [
    { name: 'ctrl', strategy: 'singleton', value: SomeClass },
    { name: 'echo',
      strategy: 'value',
      value: async (ctx) => {
         ctx.body = ctx.request.body;
      }
    }
  ],
  exports: '*'
};

koaDI(moduleToBootstrap, app, router);

app.use(bodyParser());

router
  .post(['/', '/test'], { action: 'echo'})
  .get('/', {
    controller: 'ctrl',
    action: 'getHandler',
    params: [1, 2, 3]
  }).get('/test', async (ctx) => {
    ctx.body = 'handled';
  });

  app
    .use(router.routes())
    .use(router.allowedMethods());

  app.listen(3000);
```


text:
Q: Can we open existing web application using AWS Lambda? I am new to AWS Lambda. I am able to create a Web application and manage it using AWS Lambda function but is it possible to open existing web application and manage them?
For instance, I want to open a Gmail application in a browser and enter the details in a sign up page via AWS Lambda automatically. Can some one please confirm if this is possible and if yes kindly guide me on the same.

A: If the web application has an end-point then with POST method you could pass data from a lambda function.
Getting started with AWS Lambda - https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/getting-started-create-function.html
Some pointers -

*

*Lambda function needs to reside in a private subnet under a VPC.

*Reason being, a lambda function doesn't have a public IP address to traverse through the internet.
Try with a proof of concept, before hitting an actual application. Works for me!
Let me if that helps!


University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus can be found in Waterbury, CT, a public college which focuses on only a select few programs offered. University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus has an enrollment of approximately two thousand students.
Students can report either the SAT or ACT exam scores at University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus. A score within the range of 910 - 1120 on the SAT exam, or 19 - 24 on the ACT exam is among the 25th - 75th percentile range among admitted students. Based on sampled GPA data collected and applied, it is estimated that the University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus average GPA range for accepted students is around 2.98 - 3.25. 42% of all those students that apply are granted admission to University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus, from which 51% choose to enroll. You can get more information from the admissions office website at admissions.uconn.edu.
The overall acceptance rate for University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus was reported as 42.1% in Fall 2013 with over 939 applications submitted to this school. Both in state and out of state applicants are included in these figures. We do not have data on transfer acceptance rates currently.
How Hard Is It to Get into University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus?
When determining how difficult it is for students to get into University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus, ACT/SAT test scores and high school average GPA ranges of accepted students of previous years can help estimate the selectivity of a school.
The historical trend chart shows acceptance rates from the previous years, from which we have projected the acceptance rate for the 2019-2020 school year. The overall acceptance rate trend for University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus has been getting lower when compared to averages from previous years.
How Does University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus Compare?
The acceptance rate for University of Connecticut-Tri-Campus is thirty-two percent lower than the national average of all colleges which is around 55.5%.


7-Zip is a free and open source file archiver designed originally for Microsoft Windows, and later made available to other computer operating systems. It supports .zip, .rar, .gzip, .gz, .iso and more!
Flowcharts and browsable source structure tree views automatically generated from C source. EasyStructure hugely aids understanding source code from its analysis and charts (can be printed or copied). Will also reformat and show the source as XML.


text:
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences (1)
Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems (1)
Zygote (1)
Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation (1)
European Psychiatric Association (1)
Associations of major depressive disorder with chronic physical conditions, obesity and medication use: Results from the PISMA-ep study
Margarita Rivera, Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Paula Rovira, Esther Molina, Blanca Gutiérrez, Jorge Cervilla
Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 60 / August 2019
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2020, pp. 20-27
Life expectancy of people with depression is on average 15 years less than that of the general population. This excess of mortality is largely attributed to a deteriorated physical health. Evidence about the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and physical health is still lacking in some areas. The aim of this study was to explore the association between MDD and physical health-related variables in southern Spain.
The PISMA-ep is a cross-sectional study based on community-dwelling adult population. Our main outcome was current prevalence of MDD. Independent variables explored were: lifetime prevalence of twenty-one chronic physical conditions (CPCs), anthropometric measures (height, weight, body max index, and hip and waist circumferences), general health status, and medication use.
MDD was significantly associated with any CPC (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 2.01–3.35; p < 0.001). Increases in BMI were associated with MDD in women (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.11; p < 0.001), but not in men (OR=0.99; 95% CI: 0.95–1.05; p = 0.916). Variables associated with MDD in the multivariate model were: female gender, obesity, general health status, cancer, peptic ulcer, tinnitus and vertigo. 21.4% of participants with MDD received antidepressant treatment.
MDD is associated with CPCs, obesity, and increased use of medication. The high rates of comorbidity between MDD and CPCs call for a more holistic management of patients in the clinical practice. The low rate of antidepressant use may be indicating underdiagnosis. Anthropometric variables were differently associated with MDD depending on gender, suggesting a strong influence of psychosocial factors.
"The Other Side of the Coin": Hemorrhagic Stroke in Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia
Amado Jimenez-Ruiz, Alejandro Gutierrez-Castillo, Jose Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2019
Output Feedback Hybrid Force/Motion Control for Robotic Manipulators Interacting with Unknown Rigid Surfaces
Alejandro Gutiérrez–Giles, Marco Arteaga–Pérez
Journal: Robotica / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / January 2020
Print publication: January 2020
The problem of hybrid force and motion control over unknown rigid surfaces when only joint position measurements are available is considered. To overcome this problem, an extended state high-gain observer is designed to simultaneously estimate the contact force and joint velocities. These estimated signals are in turn employed to design a local estimator of the unknown surface gradient. This gradient is utilized to decompose the task space into two orthogonal subspaces: one for force tracking and the other one for motion control. A simple position Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and force Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are proposed to track the desired signals. Finally, a mathematical analysis of the closed-loop dynamics is carried out, guaranteeing uniform ultimate boundedness of the position and force tracking errors and of the surface gradient estimation error. A numerical simulation is employed to validate the approach in an ideal scenario, while experiments are carried out to test the proposed strategy when uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics are present.
Wandering intervals in affine extensions of self-similar interval exchange maps: the cubic Arnoux–Yoccoz map
MILTON COBO, RODOLFO GUTIÉRREZ-ROMO, ALEJANDRO MAASS
Journal: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems / Volume 38 / Issue 7 / October 2018
Print publication: October 2018
In this article, we provide sufficient conditions on a self-similar interval exchange map, whose renormalization matrix has complex eigenvalues of modulus greater than one, for the existence of affine interval exchange maps with wandering intervals that are semi-conjugate with it. These conditions are based on the algebraic properties of the complex eigenvalues and the complex fractals built from the natural substitution emerging from self-similarity. We show that the cubic Arnoux–Yoccoz interval exchange map satisfies these conditions.
Glycerol decreases the integrity of the perinuclear theca in boar sperm
Marco Antonio Arenas Núñez, María de Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda, Oscar Gutiérrez-Pérez, Santiago René Anzaldúa Arce, Alejandro Córdova Izquierdo, Roberto Martínez Rodríguez, María Elena Trujillo Ortega
Journal: Zygote / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / May 2013
We evaluated the effect of glycerol on the perinuclear theca (PT) of boar sperm. Samples from six ejaculates obtained from three different boars were incubated in the detergent Brij 36-T. Spermatozoa were treated with a glycerol concentration of either 2 or 4%, and incubated for 10 or 30 min; two other samples were treated with protease inhibitors (PI; leupeptin or an inhibitor commercial cocktail), mixed with 4% glycerol, and incubated for 30 min. A third glycerol-free group was used as the control. The samples were processed for electron microscopy evaluation. The PT remained intact in 78% of the control samples while, after addition of glycerol for 30 min, the proportion of spermatozoa with disrupted or absent PT increased (P < 0.05). PT was preserved in PI samples, but PT changes increased (P < 0.05). Differences due to treatment with glycerol (2 or 4%) at 10 or 30 min were not observed. These results show, to our knowledge for the first time, the adverse effect of glycerol on the integrity of the PT.
Mathematical Simulation of the Copper Drossing in Lead Bath with Sulphur Injection
Victor Hugo Gutiérrez Pérez, Alejandro Cruz Ramírez, Marissa Vargas Ramírez, Marlenne Gonzalez Nava, Angélica Sánchez Martínez
Journal: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1380 / 2012
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 February 2012, imrc2011-1380-s21-full009
Lead is an engineering material used mainly in the manufacturing of lead-acid batteries for the automotive industry. Lead recovery from exhausted batteries is carried out by the pyrometallurgical route by injecting sulfur the powder reagent through a lance into the lead bath. In this work a mathematical simulation was carried out on the copper drossing process with the software COMSOL 3.4. A kinetic study of the injection process of the lance-kettle system was carried out. The copper concentration profiles were obtained according with the injection rate of the particles. The best conditions for the copper drossing process were an injection rate of 3.31 m/s at 380°C. The modeling results were validated with experimental results obtaining good agreement.
Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Alejandro Gómez Sánchez , Lada Domratcheva Lvova, Víctor López Garza, Ramón Román Doval, María de Lourdes Mondragón Sánchez
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 December 2012, pp. 111-116
In this paper, an experimental study aimed at achieving better control of the deposition patterns of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. CNTs were grown on a long of reactor by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a benzene/ferrocene solution at 1073 K. The deposition patterns on the substrate were controlled for process times and carrier gas flow rates. In order to investigate the reaction mechanism and production rate for the growth of CNTs in catalyst CVD, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed in this study. Then the computational model was integrated with the dynamic model to optimize the process parameters formulating a correlation between turbulence, deposition rate for the growth of carbon nanotubes and parameters as process time and carrier gas flow rate. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are used to characterize carbon nanotubes products.
Thermal decomposition and fractal properties of sputter-deposited platinum oxide thin films
Adolfo Mosquera, David Horwat, Luis Vazquez, Alejandro Gutiérrez, Alexei Erko, André Anders, Joakim Andersson, Jose L. Endrino
Journal: Journal of Materials Research / Volume 27 / Issue 5 / 14 March 2012
Print publication: 14 March 2012
Porous platinum thin films were prepared by thermal decomposition at temperatures from 25 to 675 °C of platinum oxide films deposited by a pulsed reactive sputtering technique. The samples' chemistry and structure were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), showing that the decomposition of the oxide begins as low as 400 °C and follows a sigmoidal trend with increasing annealing temperature. In the XRD spectra, only an amorphous-like signature was observed for temperatures below 575 °C, while Pt 4f XPS showed that the deposited oxide was a mixture of PtO2 and PtO. Pt-L3 edge XANES and Pt 4f XPS spectra showed that the Pt concentration and electronic structure are predominant for temperatures equal to or above 575 °C. The morphologies of the films were investigated by the area-perimeter method from atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, indicating that the surfaces exhibit a combination of Euclidian and fractal characteristics. Moreover, the thermal evolution of these characteristics indicates the agglomeration of the grains in the film as observed by SEM.
Study of the Effects of Si Addition on the Properties of Hard Nanocomposite Thin Films
Jose Luis Endrino, Sergio Palacin, Alejandro Gutierrez, Myriam Aguirre, Franz Schäfers
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 July 2012, 0976-EE03-18
In the present study, hard TiSiN coating compounds with different Si content have been deposited by the magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have been employed to investigate the effects of Si addition on the composition, structure and phase development of the cubic NaCl-type structure. To get some insight on these changes, X-ray absorption spectra have been measured at the Ti and Si K-edges in fluorescence yield mode. The collected data showed that the interaction between Ti and Si was weak and the formation of a-Si3N4 can be assumed. Hardness measurements were also consistent with the formation of hard nanocomposite films. A maximum hardness of about 36 GPa was obtained for the sample with 11 at. % Si.