SICHUAN FULIN BUILDING MATRIAL CO., LTD. Fulin Building Material Co., Ltd is a leading commercial concrete and premixed mortar manufacturer in Mianyang City. The company has received ISO9001 quality system certification, owns most advanced fully automated production line in China, with an annual production capacity for premixed mortar of more than 300,000 ton.
Fulin Building Material Co., Ltd adopts the most advanced new tower premixed mortar production line and the most advanced free from drying production facilities in China, and deploys Mianyang's only manual sand production line. The widely adoption of premixed mortar is benefit to protecting the city's environment and accelerating construction progress.
Fulin Building Material Co., Ltd insists on its philosophy of taking responsibility to build high quality construction projects. With the support of technology progress, the company is committed to market expansion and management strengthening. Since its foundation, the company has supplied concrete for more than 100 construction projects, including Fulin Waitan Garden, Xinyi Mansion, Mianyang Central Hospital, Garden Mansion, Walmart Plaza, Mianyang national defense construction projects, Yuewang Tower, Changhong Century City, 009 construction project for 63820 troop and airport pass.
Fulin Building Material Co., Ltd has been awarded many honor titles, such as Sichuan Little Giant Enterprise, Mianyang Advanced Bulk Cement Manufacturer, Fucheng District Key Advantage Enterprise, Advanced Tax-paid Enterprise and AA+ Credit Enterprise.


text:
Victims of trafficking entitled to arrears in payment after court ruling | Immigration and asylum
By Rachel M. Phillips	 Last updated Dec 17, 2021
Thousands of trafficking victims whose government support payments were cut amid the pandemic are entitled to payment arrears of up to millions of pounds, following a high court ruling that ruled illegal politics.
His decision came after the Home Office cut financial support in July 2020 to victims of trafficking who had applied for asylum and were staying in hotels.
Previously, people in this group were eligible for support of up to £ 65 per week from the Home Office and were usually placed in self-contained accommodation where they bought and prepared their own food. After the pandemic started, some were placed in hotels and the money was withdrawn.
People were left without basic necessities such as toothpaste and hygiene products and it was reported that some had to resort to begging.
On August 30, the Home Office flip-flopped on politics after the launch of a lawsuit.
The High Court ruling on Friday by Peter Marquand, serving as Deputy High Court judge, concluded that the Home Office's sudden change in policy aimed at supporting victims of trafficking who had also requested l asylum was illegal. A separate High Court hearing will be held to discuss the details of refunds for people who have had their money wrongly withdrawn in 2020.
The case was brought by a man who was trafficked from Ghana to the UK in March 2011. He was held captive at property in Birmingham and forced to work for his captors. He was physically abused with beatings before escaping. In November 2019, he was arrested as an illegal immigrant and identified as a potential victim of trafficking. In March 2020 he received government support and placed in temporary hotel accommodation, receiving £ 35 a week and three meals a day.
On July 10, 2020, his financial support was discontinued before being reinstated later at a lower rate.
Ahmed Aydeed of lawyers for Duncan Lewis, who brought the case on behalf of the trafficked victim, said: "We welcome the court's decision and hope that the survivors can finally get the basic support they had. right and desperately needed. However, we will never know how many survivors were once again trafficked into debt bondage due to the illegal action of the Home Secretary.
Zoe Dexter, head of welfare and housing at the Helen Bamber Foundation, which supports asylum seekers and victims of trafficking, also welcomed the decision and said when the money was retired in 2020, the foundation stepped in to provide emergency aid.
"The Home Office's decision in the summer of 2020 to suddenly withdraw vital livelihood funds from trafficking survivors, who were also seeking asylum, was devastating for so many affected. " She said this group found themselves without adequate access to food, travel and the means to stay in touch with their support networks.
The Interior Ministry has been approached for comment.
Remove layers of history and reveal a new museum
Post office closed, roads closed as fire ravages Grade II listed building in Market Drayton
Concept of medical office building, hotel in downtown Pasadena parking lot – Pasadena Now
Resorts World Las Vegas brings cashless technology to its casino
Lender Price and Blend Integrate to Improve User Experience for Digital Lending Processes | national news
NOW INC. : entering into a material definitive agreement, creating a direct financial obligation or obligation under an off-balance sheet arrangement of a holder, disclosure of FD settlement, financial statements and exhibits (Form 8-K )
A billion dollar project to transform the south shore of Tempe Town Lake
Exciting new developments in Chester city center in preparation for 2022
Colorado fires live updates: thousands evacuated from homes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This week on B-Side Stories host Martin Andrews is joined by Helen Brasting, founder and driving force behind Film For Change Aotearoa. Film For Change works collaboratively to make and distribute short films for charities that may not otherwise have the financial means for digital advertising or marketing. Helen discusses her personal journey from budding film maker to recently celebrating the first birthday of her community based organisation Film For Change Aotearoa.
This entry was posted in Arts & Culture, Enterprise, Entertainment, Social & Civic and tagged Charity, collaboration, Film by lauriestarfish. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
John Coley
j.coley@northeastern.edu
Conceptual Organization, Reasoning, and Education Lab Website
In my lab, we study a host of interrelated questions about the structure of knowledge, reasoning, and conceptual development. How do we organize what we know? How do we use what we know to make guesses about what we don't know? How do people decide what kind of knowledge is relevant in a particular situation? How does the acquisition of expertise influence how people organize and use knowledge? How do knowledge and reasoning change as children develop? How does growing up in different environments lead to different ways of thinking and reasoning about the world?
We take an experimental approach to answering these questions by systematically examining overt reasoning behavior in children and adults, as well as the processing that underlies such reasoning. By looking at how people think about rich real-world knowledge domains like plants and animals, food, and people, we strive to characterize the breadth, depth, and flexibility of human cognition.
John Coley in the news
07/05/17 – BOSTON, MA. Professor John Coley practices in the recording studio on July 5, 2017. Photo by Adam Glanzman/Northeastern University
College of Science, Psychology
Professor lives out rock star fantasy
John Coley, a psychology professor who moonlights as a bassist in a blues-rock band, reflects on the adrenaline rush of playing for a live audience. "After the show you feel so revved up," he says. "You go home and you can't fall asleep for hours."
Cognitive psychology Professor John Coley
Psychology professor discusses memory of new administration with Wired
Psychology professor John Coley discusses memory and cognition in relation to President Donald Trump and Secretary Ben Carson.
Why biology students have misconceptions about science
Cognitive scientist John Coley has helped unlock why misconceptions persist in science education—research that could change the way instructors teach and improve how students learn science.
Psychology professor helps frame memory discussion
John Coley, associate professor of psychology, weighs in after Charlie Baker's memory fails.
The thinking behind gender stereotypes
Adults and children hold equally stereotypical views about gender, according to new research from associate professor of psychology John Coley's lab.


text:
Synspective, a portfolio company of Abies Ventures…
Synspective, a portfolio company of Abies Ventures, has acquired the first image from its third SAR satellite "StriX-1"
Synspective Inc., a SAR satellite data and analytics solution provider, is pleased to announce that it has successfully acquired the images from its third SAR satellite, "StriX-1".
"StriX-1" was launched by Rocket Lab's Electron from New Zealand's Mahia Peninsula launch site on September 16, 2022 (JST) and put into the target orbit at an altitude of 561km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). Since then, it has been operating effectively and has successfully observed several places around the world including Venice and its Lagoon in Italy.
The links below will take you to the actual images and comments from Motoyuki Arai, CEO of Synspective CEO.
https://synspective.com/press-release/2022/strix-1-image/


text:
package com.aje.apm.common;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class ImageUtils {

    /**
     * Decode string to image
     * @param imageString The string to decode
     * @return decoded image.
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static BufferedImage decodeToImage(String imageString, String pathFile) throws IOException {
        BufferedImage image = null;
        byte[] imageByte;
        try {
			imageByte = Base64.decodeBase64(imageString);
            ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(imageByte);
            image = ImageIO.read(bis);
            bis.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (image != null){
        	ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", new File(pathFile));
        }
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * Encode image to string
     * @param image The image to encode
     * @param type jpeg, bmp, ...
     * @return encoded string
     */
    public static String encodeToString(BufferedImage image, String type) {
        String imageString = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        try {
            ImageIO.write(image, type, bos);
            byte[] imageBytes = bos.toByteArray();

            Base64 encoder = new Base64();
            imageString = encoder.encodeToString(imageBytes);

            bos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return imageString;
    }

	public static String convertStreamToString(InputStream is){
		/*Convierte un InputStream en un String*/
		Scanner s = new Scanner(is).useDelimiter("\\A");
		return s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";
	}
    //231 10 65 646 telcel
    public static void main (String args[]) throws IOException {
        /* Test image to string and string to image start */
        BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File("c:\\java.jpeg"));
        BufferedImage newImg;
        String imgstr;
        imgstr = encodeToString(img, "png");
        System.out.println(imgstr);
        newImg = decodeToImage(imgstr,"c:\\a.jpg");
        ImageIO.write(newImg, "png", new File("c:\\copy_of_java.jpeg"));
        /* Test image to string and string to image finish */
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Pył wodny – rodzaj hydrometeorów (opadów) unoszących się w powietrzu. Jest to zbiór kropelek porwanych przez wiatr ze sfalowanych powierzchni wodnych.

Przypisy

Opady

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Home › African Black Soap with Oats and Aloe Body Wash 13 oz.
Treat skin to a total cleansing experience with this combination body wash and scrub that treats breakouts while gently exfoliating from head to toe. Mineral-rich Dead Sea Salt and Jojoba Beads slough off dead skin while Oats and Aloe extracts soothe and firm. The high concentration of Shea Butter maximizes moisture retention and promotes healing.
Heritage: African Black Soap, made from palm ash, tamarind extract and plantain peel has been used in Africa for centuries to treat eczema, acne, oily skin Historical references to Shea Butter, a staple of African pharmacology, date back to the reported Shea Butter caravans of Cleopatra's Egypt.
Daily use will result in cleaner, clearer, healthier skin.
Link to our Body Washes.


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text:
Like every other astronomy nerd, I'm super-geeked about all the pictures and data we're getting from the planet. The only thing I have to add to the conversation that hasn't already been said that for some reason the photos we're getting back from New Horizons feel drawn or painted to me, rather than being entirely photorealistic. In fact, they remind me quite a bit of old drawing of Mars, not unlike this one, from 19th Century French astronomer Étienne Léopold Trouvelot:
It's probably only me who sees it, but I still see it. I think it has to do with New Horizons' camera, which among other things is adapted to see in very very low light (Pluto is very far away, and we're looking at the side of it not illuminated by the sun). I like the effect, mind you. But it weirdly makes Pluto still very much mysterious to me.
Thoughts on our Pluto sojurn?
← The Movie Review That Made Me a Movie Reviewer
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72 Comments on "Pluto"
sbradfor
I think that is because we have spent our lives looking at drawing and paintings of Pluto so our brains are accustom to it.
Now that we actually have real pictures it will take some getting used to.
It's probably a result of the broad spectrum sensor used due to the low light. Add some heavy post-processing to highlight detail, etc, and you start to get something that's pint-shop-esque. You see similar things all over instagram.
But it's still freakin' cool, ain't it?
matthughes419434748
I watched the Guardian's video of the press conference and when someone posted a congrats to "the guys at NASA," I added a comment that I'd like to repost here.
One thing that struck me as pretty cool was how many of the guys were female. I watched the Gemini and Apollo missions live on tv, all those years ago, and the operations centres were staffed entirely by men. Nerd girls have come a long way in the last fifty years.
Best picture of Pluto yet:
http://thenakedcamera.com/this-is-the-real-first-image-of-pluto-nasa-didnt-show-you/
I was thrilled to see that many people so happy about their work, and all in one place. Such a feeling of accomplishment they must be experiencing. I had a job like that once.
The pictures are amazing. I've been reading about and imagining Pluto all my life, so it seems weird that these are the first good pictures were have of it.
They have an old-timey look. Something in the image quality makes them look like like they were taken on glass plates. They also look hand-colored, which I think is because they used color information from a lower resolution camera to add color to the higher resolution black and white. I've used a similar method to make pictures look hand-colored in Photoshop: copy the photo to two layers, desaturate the top one and put a heavy Gaussian blur on the bottom one, then set the blending on the top one to "darken."
drplokta
What makes you say that we're seeing the unilluminated side of Pluto? I've not read anything else saying that, and I think it's pretty unlikely, given that New Horizons was approaching from inside Pluto's orbit and that the dark side has not so much low illumination as none at all, except for a bit of starlight.
http://dduane.tumblr.com/post/124136243946/first-high-resolution-image-of-pluto-causes
Dr Plotka:
I didn't say unilluminated, I said, "the side not illuminated by the sun." My understanding is that the illumination is coming from light reflected by Charon, Pluto's largest moon. This article in The Atlantic has more details on that.
Michael Frasca
Randall Munroe has an excellent analysis of the pareidolia on Pluto:
The article you refer to talks about observations during the flyby. We don't have any of those pictures yet. The picture you linked to was taken before the flyby, and I'm now certain that it was illuminated by the sun, not by the very much fainter light from Charon.
@matthughes419434748 – I'm online friends with a few of the women working for NASA now. :)
It's kind of great to see how many women are into space exploration.
Peter Hornby
I think the Atlantic article is referring to the geometry of the flyby, when, yes, the surface New Horizons is passing over was illuminated by Charon-shine. During the approach phase, which is where all the images we've seen so far come from, I'd imagine that Pluto would have been illuminated by the Sun.
It's not a dot or a blurry image anymore. It's a real place.
Andy Farke
It was pretty moving to see the scene in the control room as they got the first data indicating the flyby went as planned. I'll confess to tearing up a little bit at that…(heightened perhaps a bit by knowing firsthand the feelings of scientific exploration & discovery, and what the team must be going through). Now if only the reality of scientists as real human beings with real emotions would make it into more of pop culture…
I think it's endlessly fascinating and I'm glad that I'm here to witness this exploration. I was not yet born for the Apollo missions, and was but a small child for the early days of the space shuttle program. The amount of excitement and enthusiasm among my friends and co-workers of the same age as me for New Horizons is awesome.
zer_netmouse
Seeing pictures of Pluto with its moon just makes me upset all over again that they downgraded it from being a planet.
I'd been thinking about this for a while – that so many of the pictures from Pluto look like very old special-effects shots. It's strangely romantic, in that adventurer sense, you know? I have to remind myself repeatedly that no, it's real.
And yes, those old paintings absolutely apply. Same sort of thing, really. I imagine one could find a chain of influence all the way back around.
Oh, yeah, and I love the image attached to this tweet, of pictures of Pluto over time:
https://twitter.com/JohnDCook/status/621002820070805504/photo/1
Misti Cato (@spooky5)
It looks like a giant round toasted marshmallow. I think it looks delicious!
Seriously, I'm super excited to find out what kind of data New Horizons sends back.
Sooz
I remember the Moon landings so seeing these pix is very special. And I still get a shiver down my spine every time I see a picture of Mars – an actual planet, that we have an actual machine on, taking pictures! Whee!
All of the images we've seen so far have been sun illuminated for sure. It's questionable whether we'll be able to see anything but the crescent of Pluto in the Charon-shine attempts. And Pluto's axis is rotated almost 90°, like Uranus, so we've mostly seen only its northern hemisphere all through the approach. The southern hemisphere will mostly remain a mystery until we send another probe out there.
rochrist
It's my understanding that the good stuff won't finish downloading for 12-18 months.
John Sundman
Discussion with lead camera/color person from the New Horizon team (soundcloud): https://soundcloud.com/bbcamos/making-pluto-crystal-clear?utm_source=soundcloud&utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=twitter
Correction to my earlier comment: Pluto's axis is rotated 120°, so we could see a fair bit of it as it rotated. Bjorn Jonsson made a great video of the rotation we've seen so far.
https://youtu.be/MO2uj5zp1Qk
But there's still plenty that'll still be in shadow.
Jonathan Vos Post
{Assuming that I am on-topic as an ex-Astronomy Professor who spent two decades in the Space Program, to say what I SEE in this image}:
Meta-Sonnet: "Pluto Rising"
by Jonathan Vos Post
Dark curved quadrilateral
in the Southwest of the visible hemisphere
the huge white Head of the Whale,
at and below the equator,
and the dark streak below the Tail of the Whale
and the delta tip from
the Head of the Whale
to a bright South Polar area —
and the Chaotic Terrain: what does it mean?
Alien beauty of the Kuiper Belt
Unique Geometries
of clathrate ices
under the dim glow of the Boatman:
Charon, other side of the Double Dwarf Planet
2 Tankas + 1 Quatrain = 1 Sonnet
tolladay
The quality of the image reminds me of very old glass negative photography, like around the time of the civil war. Perhaps its the color, which appears as if a duotone, or the sharpness, which is likely caused by the low level of illumination, but effect is startling and somewhat fantastic.
Simon Pride
It's because the designers of the simulation we inhabit have a strategy of conserving resources where they don't think they're needed, and only rendered the Kuiper Belt at 150 dpi.
SSteve
This seems like as good a time as any to link to I'm Your Moon (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82vHIs6wXI8) by Jonathan Coulton for those who aren't already familiar with it. It's the only song about astronomy that has ever brought a tear to my eye.
Becca Stareyes
Folks upthread are right: the picture is Sun-illuminated, and (in fact) is the anti-Charon side. Pluto always keeps one face to Charon (and Charon keeps one face to Pluto). The fly-by was planned so the nightside of Pluto would be lit by Charon, in hopes that something could be seen.
Even if those observations fail, the crescent Pluto and Charon images will help look for things like dust rings in the orbits of the small moons. Dust tends to show up better in that sort of lighting (think about looking back at a projector and seeing the dust caught in the beam). In fact, we have a couple of well-publicized gorgeous image mosaics of Saturn's rings taken for the same purpose.
(You also learn a bit about the surface by looking at observations like this: more about the size of the stuff on the surface than the composition. That and we can never get views of crescent Pluto and Charon from Earth, given we're always looking out, and not in.)
Charon:
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_feature/public/thumbnails/image/nh-charon.jpg
Pluto close-up (bottom of the heart):
https://twitter.com/NASA/status/621400583442796544
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_feature/public/thumbnails/image/nh-plutosurface.png
TheMadLibrarian
My first impression was of a giant jawbreaker, probably because of the low-rez, airbrushed effect. Still better than anything we've seen of Pluto et.al. so far. New Horizons will be taking the better part of a year to send back imagery, just because their data stream makes dialup look blazingly fast.
Charlie Kilian
I felt the same way about the Voyager pictures. They looked painted to me. The beautiful pictures of the Great Red Spot seemed like paintings. Like this one, for example: http://www.nasa.gov/content/jupiters-great-red-spot-viewed-by-voyager-i
{now that that APL released the highest resolution images}:
Meta-Sonnet: "Pluto in Hi-Res."
Like a squashed insect
on a motorcycle headlight
dark asterisk on lightness —
what organic polymers in the dark stuff?
More like tar, or protein?
Was I right in my
"Skiing the Methane Snows
of Pluto", in Focus, Magazine of the British Science Fiction Association,
London, England, Vol.1, No.1, Autumn 1979
or is it Nitrogen snow, or what?
That story of mine
correctly predicted
volcano terrain
on Jupiter's moon Io.
Glorin
I am a science nerd of broad but modest knowledge (in the words of a chemist friend: "you are the most science literate history major I know…). When I was a kid we had the Time-Life books on science and another set focused on astronomy. I have been having some cognitive dissonance over the color photos because on a lot of solar system maps then and still Pluto is blue.
I believe the "painted" appearance is mostly because the pre-flyby images we've been seeing before today were all taken while New Horizons was basically barrelling straight out of the Sun, so the light was coming from directly behind the point of view. That tends to flatten out topography, like a bad flash photo with the flash mounted on a pocket camera. It is also the situation with early observations of Mars from Earth, so the same thing happened there: mostly what people see are albedo features, not topography.
Combine that with the low-res data being used to colorize the pictures, and you get this slightly unreal appearance.
Now, the closeup that they just released today is a very, very, very different story.
Ssteve; YES! I've had that song stuck in my head for days now. I feel so melancholy …
Origuy
One of the first science fiction books I ever read was Heinlein's Have Space Suit, Will Travel. I suspect I'm not alone. Anyway, I read it so many times I still remember large chunks of it. One that stands out is the section where Kip has been captured and how he figures out that he's on Pluto.
Another, more chilling story was the one about the space explorer frozen on Pluto, who doesn't die, but his nervous system becomes superconductive at certain temperatures. It was Larry Niven's "Wait it out".
mythbri
The most emotional part of this for me is knowing that some of Clyde Tombaugh's ashes have made it to the place he discovered 85 years ago. It's like the feeling you get when you visit someplace you've only seen pictures of before, only multiply that feeling by a billion.
Anyway, the Charon-light pictures are, I think, scheduled to come back sometime later; the ones we've seen so far aren't them. I get the impression that it's unlikely they'll show much, in part because of glare in the optics, but it's worth a shot.
Also, have some ICE MOUNTAINS OF PLUTO:
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=229
If you like this stuff check out brady harans yourube channels. He has several. He talks to science progessors. One channel is called deep sky and its all above astronomy. My favoritechannel is the physics channel. Its not like sitting in classroom and anyone can follow. The professors are very engaging.
DigitalAtheist
brianklowe
If I were Pluto, I'd be complaining about the paparazzi.
Personally I think that there are no huge surprises there, some parts are darker than other parts and definitely a large impact crater. Not really the Pluto depicted in the Flash Gordon comic by Dan Barry "The Pluto Spectacular". (Check with kingfeatures.com for that one.)
Anyway – it's a great achievement to reach Pluto! The more we know the more we know we don't know, so there may be new mysteries to look at now!
drphilphysics
Also, I expect that as more data comes in that the color palette will be refined. We've seen that with early images from other probes. It's pretty dark out there.
Matt cartoon from The Telegraph today
Geoff Hart
Don't know details of how they're processing the New Horizons pixels into a continuous-tone photograph, but I've done enough remote-sensing work to have a plausible explanation for why the image looks painted: Whenever you take discrete pixels and convert them into a depixillated image, you have to rely on some kind of algorithm (linear or cubic spline interpolation, kriging, nearest-neighbor area-weighted resampling, pixel unmixing, whatevs) to increase the perceived resolution. Each algorithm introduces its own artefacts into the final image, but in each case, you end up with a "smoothed" image that looks artificial because the smoothing doesn't fully account for the complexity of a real image. You're basically making up data based on what you can see from a limited number of pixels.
Still bloody amazing images.
darrelle
Origuy,
I do remember those. Another that came quickly to mind was The Legion Of Space by Jack Williamson. In it an intrepid band of heroes, John Ulnar (Star), Jay Kalam, Hal Samdu and of course Giles Habibula, are on their way out of the Solar System to follow the trail of the horridly alien Medusae that, in cahoots with Eric Ulnar and his uncle, who was the commander of the Legion, had kidnapped Aladoree Anthar the Keeper of the super secret ultimate weapon known by the cryptic acronym AKKA.
The entire Legion has been turned against them by the traitor commander, but their stolen ship can not make the journey to the Medusae home world, orbiting Barnard's Star, without massive provisioning. So they raid the last Legion outpost in the system on their way out. Pluto!
Pluto, the planet having been discovered by Clyde
Tombaugh in 1930:
* Stanton Coblentz's "Into Plutonian Depths" [1931; Avon, 1950]
* Jack Williamson's "The Plutonian Terror" [publisher?, 1933]
* Stanton Coblentz's "Riches for Pluto" [Astounding, Dec 1934]
* Stanton Coblentz's "Blue Haze on Pluto" [Astounding, June 1935]
* Donald W. Horner's "Winged Destiny" [1912]
* Wallace West's "En Route to Pluto" [Astounding, Aug 1936]
* Laurence Manning & Fletcher Pratt's "Expedition to Pluto"
[Planet Stories, Winter, 1939]
*S.D. Gottesman (pseudonym of C.M. Kornbluth) "King Cole of Pluto"
[Super Science Stories, 1940]
* Joseph Ferrell's "Mind-Stealers of Pluto" [Planet Stories, Winter 1944]
* Murray Leinster's "Pipeline to Pluto" [Astounding, Aug 1945]
* Clifford D. Simak's "Cosmic Engineers" [Gnome, 1950]
* Jack Williamson's "The Cometeers" [Fantasy Press, 1950]
* Clark Ashton Smith's "The Plutonian Drug" [The Outer Reaches,
ed. August Derleth, Pelligrini Cudahy, 1951]
* Vargo Statten's (pseudonym of John Russell Fearn)
"Deadline to Pluto" [Scion, 1951]
* Charles A. Stearn's "The Pluto Lamp" [Planet Stories, Fall 1954]
* Algis Budrys' "Man of Earth" [Ballantine, 1958]
* Robert Heinlein's "Have Spacesuit, Will Travel" [Scribner's, 1958]
: great scene trekking across Pluto's surface with The Mother Thing
sharing the teenaged protagonist's spacesuit
* Wilson Tucker's "To the Tombaugh Station" [Ace, 1960]
* Larry Niven's "World of Ptaavs" [Ballantine, 1966]
* Larry Niven's "Wait It Out" [Future Unbounded, Westercon Program Book, 1968]
* Philip Latham's (pseudonym of R.S. Richardson) "The Rose-Bowl Pluto Hypothesis"
[Orbit 5, ed. Damon Knight, Putnam, 1969]
* Hugh Walters' "Passage to Pluto" [Nelson, 1973]
* Jonathan V. Post "Skiing the Methane Snows of Pluto" [Focus, Autumn 1979]
: Your Humble Webmaster not only predicted the methane snows of Pluto (now confirmed by spectroscopy) but also "the volcanoberg terrain of Io" well before Voyager discovered volcanoes on Io!
* Keith Laumer's "No Ship Boots in Fairyland" [Once There Was a Giant,
ed. Keith Laumer, Tor, 1984]
* Kim Stanley Robinson's "Icehenge" [Jove, 1984]
: alien artifact found on Pluto
expanded from the short story "On the North Pole of Pluto"
* Kim Stanley Robinson's "The Memory of Whiteness" [Tor, 1985]
* Rick Gauger's "Charon's Ark" [Ballantine, 1987]
* Donald A. Wollheim's "Secret of the Ninth Planet" [19zz]
* Roger MacBride Allen's "The Ring of Charon" [Tor, 1990]
: living alien spacewarp generator buried in the giant moon of Pluto
* Colin Greenland's "Take Back Plenty" [AvoNova, 1992]
* Stephen Baxter's "Gossamer" [Science Fiction Age, Nov 1995]
: ingenious cruogenic ecology on Pluto
* Colin Greenland's "Seasons of Plenty" [AvoNova, 1996]
* Robert Silverberg's "Pluto in the Morning Light" [magazine?, date?]
* By the way, H. P. Lovecraft claimed to have predicted the discovery
of Pluto in fiction! He had published various astronomy articles in a Rhode island newspaper, and in his Horror/Science Fiction he described prior to 1930 a planet beyond Neptune. [some of the above were also listed in "Steven Silver's Pluto in SF"
Hmmm. I don't recall Pluto being featured in Jack Williamson's "The Cometeers". Neptune was featured, though. The main antagonist, Stephen Orco, was imprisoned on Neptune in an isolated super secret, super secure prison that the Legion built just for him. From which he was sprung by the alien energy entities, the Cometeers.
Re: the women working on New Horizons
NASA posted a nice article about the women who work on the New Horizons team: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-women-who-power-nasa-s-new-horizons-mission-to-pluto
It get's better when you add in the extended scientific community, who will be contributing to the data analysis and interpretation for the next few years and whose younger echelons of scientists have a closer to parity mix of women and men.
Re: the 'painted' quality of the images
The painted quality of the images is likely due to a combination of reasons mentioned in comments above. The current images that have been downlinked are lossy JPEG images, so there will be artifacts in the images. Then, the New Horizons team applied a number of standard processing algorithms to increase the effective resolution of the images, which can 'smear' any artifacts. Finally, for the color images, they have been applying the lower resolution MVIC color images to the higher resolution LORRI panchromatic images. This 'colorization' process involves interpolation of data that can lead to some of the 'painted' quality seen in the official images. On top of all of this, some of the images were purposefully over- and under-exposed. I believe that the photo at the top of this post may be an overexposed 100 ms image (see: http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/soc/Pluto-Encounter/view_obs.php?image=data/pluto/level2/lor/jpeg/029912/lor_0299124574_0x632_sci_1.jpg&utc_time=2015-07-13%3Cbr%3E20:17:35%20UTC&description=&target=PLUTO&range=0.8M%20km&exposure=100%20msec ) which was then colorized.
Personally, as a planetary scientist who studies atmospheres, I am much more excited about Friday's press release, where they should release the first results about Pluto's thin but intriguing atmosphere. This mission is going to keep tantalizing us with amazing results for years to come.
ctein
Dear Jon,
Please stop using your posts to promote yourself. It gets annoying fast. This isn't about you.
johntshea
I must commend my fellow commenters here, who generally know a lot more about astronomy than I do. I even like Mr. Vos Post's descriptive doggerel! It's great to see people excited about space for a change.
Steve C.
New Horizons has uncovered the last major world of our solar system. The nine classical planets (and their moons) have now all been imaged by our probes, and it happened in the space of less than sixty years.
I am sort of disappointed that the arrow that points to Pluto wasn't around to photograph. In all the pictures of Pluto I saw growing up, there was that arrow. :)
http://www.covingtoninnovations.com/michael/blog/0608/060826-Pluto-3.jpg
I'm still stuck on the idea that pluto is 3 Billion miles away, and a human built machine was there. 3 Buh… buh… BILLion miles. BILLION….
My God, its full of miles….
Dear Geoff,
Along with what you said, I'd like to caution people against trying to read too much into the fine details in the photographs. At this point we outsiders don't know which of those are real and which of those are image processing artifacts. For example, the fine zebra striping that's visible in the badlands terrain near the terminator in the high-resolution photograph–– I can make equally good cases that it's real (because it's similar in scale and orientation to the clear striping we see on the ice mountains towards the left) and that it's an artifact (because the consistent size, spacing, contrast and orientation of the striping is physically implausible but typical of some kinds of image artifacts). So, reserving judgment until we know more.
Breaking my own rule… That looks suspiciously like a caldera to me in the leftmost ice mountain.
Dear NH,
I would respectfully disagree. Pluto and Charon are pretty damn surprising. That they are both geologically active, with diverse and heterogeneous processes still going on, is flabbergasting. At this point we have no idea what energy source is driving that. When we see similar stuff on the moons of the gas giants, it's because of interactions with other moons, tidal heating, and stuff like that. None of that's going on in the Pluto system.
We can't explain the surfaces by some recent cataclysmic event. The moon system around Pluto is pretty stable and pretty tightly packed. Impact events that would be large enough to cause resurfacing of either Pluto or Charon shouldn't leave the moon system in that orderly a state.
We also don't know where the nitrogen atmosphere is coming from. Pluto doesn't lose a lot of nitrogen gas each summer, but it loses enough that over 4,000,000,000 years a few hundred meters to a few kilometers of nitrogen snow would've escaped as vapor into space. Pluto doesn't look to be covered with a layer of nitrogen snow that deep, so it has to be coming from some sort of internal geologic process.
It's a big mystery.
All this suggests to me that it's going to be a lot harder to find "primordial" bodies to look at than we thought. We figured that once we got out as far as Pluto, we'd be able to see things that hadn't changed much since they formed (not counting an ongoing shower of impacts). We're zero for two. At this point I'd not be making any bets on whether other Kuiper belt dwarf planets we visit will turn out to be in their primordial state.
— Ctein's Online Gallery http://ctein.com
— Digital Restorations http://photo-repair.com
Greg Leon Guerrero
I'm still trying to get over 'ice mountains the size of the Rockies.' Wow.
I have a comment held for moderation – probably because of a picture link. It was a random picture of Pluto.
Nova Cletus
Yes, the pictures are cool, and yes, as an enthusiastic sci-fi reader, I can't help enjoying them. But as a grown-up living in a world of scarce resources, I have to say that the whole project represents tragically misplaced priorities and poor choices.
The New Horizons mission cost $700 milliion. Suppose we'd spent that on teachers for inner-city schools instead? According to the New York City Department of Education, salaries for starting teachers range from $45,000 to $75,000. That's likely to be higher than almost anywhere else in the nation, because of the cost of living in NYC. Let's assume that the cost of a teacher-year is $70,000, including benefits. Then the money we spent on New Horizons could've gone for 10,000 teacher-years; in other words, in each of the 10 years of the mission, we could've had 1,000 additional teachers working to help underprivileged kids. Was it worth giving that up so we could have cool pictures of Pluto?
Nova Cletus, while I sympathize with the desire to put more resources into public education, the US spent $621 billion in 2011-2012 on public elementary and secondary education in 2011-2012. The New Horizons mission didn't deprive us in any measurable manner.
The Pluto mission did get a fair amount of public interest in the media, but that's because we've never been there. We graduate millions of people every year from high school. That's important, but it isn't really news. New Horizons is.
Dear Nova,
As sympathetic as I am for education (I ALWAYS vote for school bonds) this is not even a conversation worth having, because it has no basis in political reality. It's a fantasy discussion taking place in an unreal scenario. Here are some of its major failures to connect with reality:
–– It's just a variant of the guns vs. butter fallacy. In its most stereotyped form, do you spend your tax dollars on a social safety net or on a strong military? (Assuming you can distinctly parse the two.) It's a fallacious argument because it assumes that given sufficient money, the body politic would happily spend for both. That's readily shown to not be the case. On the whole, people who are inclined to pay for Column A are disinclined to pay for Column B. There are exceptions to this, but they are in the minority. For example, the socially conservative factions in government (and it's been this way for 60 years, so it's not a New Republican thing) think that a strong military is vital to the health and survival of this country whereas a large safety net is at best a necessary evil and at worse a debilitating influence.
I'm not saying that to pick on conservatives. It's not hard to find a substantial cohort that feels just the opposite. I'm one of them. You can cut back the money for social programs all you want, I'm still not going to want see it spent on the military.
–– It's not your pie, and your piece is pathetically small. Why should all the money from a NATIONAL program go to the New York City school system? I live in California, whose schools have been gradually going to hell ever since they passed goddamn Prop 13. I can lay as big a claim on the money for my entire state as you can for your one city. I strongly suspect pretty much everyone, living anywhere could do the same thing. As Steve pointed out, New Horizons ate up 1/10,000 of the US's educational budget. How much is it going to serve you to entirely kill a scientific program to get you a 0.01% increase in your school budget? Unless you're arguing that the program has no merit whatsoever, in which case we're back to guns vs. butter.
–– Comparing pain never leads to anywhere good. I can find dozens of social causes much more important and time-critical than yours. Hell, I can find some programs within the New York City school system that are more important than just hiring new teachers. There's always something that's more vital than the cause you advocate. You do not hold primacy. Which, in a nuanced form, also tends to wander back to guns vs. butter.
–– Your world of scarce resources is a fallacy. It's one of your collective political making. The US is fabulously rich with an amazing level of economic resources available. All you have to do is be willing to pay the taxes to get all those services you want. By which, I do mean you collectively. I have no idea what your individual personal tax policies are. It doesn't matter. You really want to do something to get more money into the New York City school system? Work the political system to raise taxes. Because I can pretty much guarantee you that the people who are hanging on to other pieces of the pie aren't going to give them up without fights.
And this is why I say your argument is being made in the land of make-believe, not the real world. For that reason, there is no purpose in engaging it.
starkis
If it makes anyone feel better, it was about 25 cents per mile to Pluto. If we fund a visit to another Kuiper Belt Object, that price will go down. (the probe is going through the Kuiper Belt anyway, so it's a matter of paying people to collect the data and study the results. I have to agree with Ctein and Steve C. about funding. We'd probably just buy another non-functioning jet. Besides, exploring is what we do.
Steve C., your drop-in-the-bucket argument could be used to justify any $700M budget item, be it New Horizons, a four-lane highway between Podunk and Hicksville, or the Pentagon's new FreedomAndJusticeDefender destructobot. I suspect that most of us wouldn't be nearly as sympathetic toward the argument in the latter two cases: we're receptive to it in this case because, amazing Pluto photos!
I assume that the $621Bn figure you cite refers to all educational spending in the US, which is not wisely allocated: a great deal of it goes to provide AP courses and Olympic-sized swimming pools for overprivileged children in wealthy suburbs. The same amount of money spent through the federal Department of Education, particularly under a socially enlightened administration, would be directed toward meeting the real needs of society's most vulnerable members.
Ctein, you're completely misreading my post. I wasn't proposing that the $70M/year be spent on NYC alone. I was doing a back-of-the-envelope calculation of about how many teachers we could hire with the money that we're spending on Pluto pictures, and I used the NYC figures because I thought they'd be high, so my estimate would come out low.
Suppose that 10% of the Whatever readership had contacted their Congressional delegation and said: "We'd love to see what Pluto looks like, but we've got more urgent needs right here in the US. With much regret, we're asking you to axe New Horizons and put the money into inner-city education." Don't you think that an outpouring of support like that could've swung enough votes in Congress to accomplish that, especially coming from people who were offering to give up something that they genuinely wanted, as opposed to the usual procedure where supporters of a program suggest that it be financed by taking funds from something that they don't personally care about?
But hey, Pluto!
This isn't just about cool pictures that are cool; that's just the public-outreach arm. The main product is knowledge about the solar system that becomes the common heritage of humanity.
That knowledge, in synthesis with other things scientists discover, could end up telling us something important that contributes to our ability to sustain existence on this planet.
Or it might not. Odds are, it probably won't.
The trouble is, every basic science program in the world could be attacked on these same grounds. Any individual, purely curiosity-driven science program has a fairly small probability of providing some easily identifiable practical benefit. And science costs money. The money could be used instead to feed the hungry and clothe the naked.
So should we just shut down all publicly-funded basic science until every poor person is fed and every underprivileged child educated, which is synonymous with "forever" (while leaving all the far more expensive wars, destructo-bots, fossil-fuel subsidies and tax cuts for the rich intact, as a token of our political selflessness)?
This is the divide-and-conquer strategy that's being used when people issue stern warnings about how the country is broke. People get motivated to fight each other over slivers of a shrinking pie, and they all lose. The trouble with curiosity-driven science is that every so often someone hits some vital jackpot, but it's impossible to identify them in advance, and the same progress can't be made with narrowly targeted applied research. So it's always difficult to justify. Occasionally some legislator makes hay out of the silly-sounding title of a grant on birdsong neurology or oyster sex: look where your tax dollars are going! It's still mistaken.
As space-exploration programs go, these interplanetary probes are cheap. To my mind, the right metric is scientific output per dollar. Some missions that the US has funded were probably not worth it (as fun as it is to see astronauts on the International Space Station, I don't think the vast cost of it, which is something like 200 New Horizonses, can be justified on scientific grounds). This one was.
Nova Cletus says:
"I assume that the $621Bn figure you cite refers to all educational spending in the US, which is not wisely allocated:"
"The same amount of money spent through the federal Department of Education, particularly under a socially enlightened administration, . . ."
These are two problems with the common argument you are presenting here. The amount of money currently spent on education is enough to provide a good education for all children in the US, if it were spent wisely and efficiently. It isn't, not remotely. And, we don't have a socially enlightened, let alone efficient or honest, administration. Those problems are much more important than the amount of money budgeted to education. Those problems will need to be fixed before adding money.
Additionally, science missions like this have significant value. Much of the value they add to society is less tangible than being able to count dollars, but real none the less. They inspire, they help create a demand for educated people, they help advance technological innovation, they add considerably to our knowledge (about the most important resource there is), and more. I claim that all of that is worth spending money on.
You present a false dichotomy. In reality we easily have the resources to do both education and science considerably better than we do right now. Both are highly valuable and, what's more, closely related. Taking the science budget and giving it to education won't have any significant impact on education because the amount of money is not really the problem. Yes, absolutely, even if the current education budget were spent wisely and honestly, more money towards education would be warranted. Education is a no-brainer investment in the individuals that compose our society. And there is no risk in it not paying off. Personally I think, seeing as we are supposed to be such a great country and all, that we should be able to find a way to provide as much education, up to and beyond PhD, as each individual wants and can accomplish without them having to worry about the costs.
But the primary problem is not the amount of money. Throwing more money at the system as it is won't do anything. First the system needs to be fixed. And YES. New Horizons is worth every damn penny.
Sten T
zer_netmouse: If I understand correctly Charon wouldn't be a moon of Pluto even if Pluto were a planet. The center of mass is outside of Pluto, so both bodies rotate around a point in space between them. Double-dwarf-planet?
(This also means that the *other*, much smaller, moons rotate around *both* Pluto and Charon, which I for some reason find incredibly neat.)
Karen Blocher
It reminds me of the 1960s Star Trek planets, only more detailed and in a subtler shade of pink. When I read that it was a bit larger than was recently believed, I hoped against hope that the PTB would say, "Well, then! It's a proper planet after all!" Sigh.
No, I completely read your post correctly. I responded, in small part, to your specific example, but all my counter-arguments emphasized that they could be applied to ANY such dichotomy that you cared to set up. They do. No matter what specific antimony you choose to create, is going to fail on those arguments.
Furthermore, you've doubled down on the un-realism in your reply. Along with changing who's getting what money, you're magically going to reform the educational system in the United States. That is a laudable goal, to be sure, but declaring it as a given to be associated with reallocating the money means you're no longer discussing any kind of real political action.
And your "what if" is also not a real political action. First, it would not do what you think it would do (John doesn't have all that many readers compared to the body politic) and politicians are not swayed by claims of "sincerity" from mass mail movements because that is way too easy to fake, and it regularly is. You can make that point in a one-on-one conversation. You can't make it in a letter-writing campaign. Second, stating a what-if as if it were a real-world argument is ridiculous. Once you've gotten 10% of John's readers to agree to this plan, then we'll talk. In the meantime, it's about as realistic a what-if as me saying what if I won the California lottery.
And, furthermore, back to the guns and butter problem, why pick on New Horizons? You'd be much more likely to get Whatever readers to write their congresspeople and say that they'd like the defense budget cut by 10% and that money given to education than get science cut. So, why are you picking on the science? Why shouldn't you pick on the military budget? It's a much juicier target.
Take those last two questions as being non-rhetorical. If you come up with a serious and thoughtful response to them, you can probably get a serious discussion out of the readership here. Simply saying, repeatedly, that you think New Horizon's a stupid use of the money, which is really all you've done, isn't going to get you much in the way of edifying conversation.
Dear Sten,
I don't think we have a rigorous definition of "moon," yet. The common one is "a body that is orbiting around a secondary body rather than a primary star." Does that mean we call every grain of sand in orbit a moon? We do talk about moonlets, for things that are big enough to see but small enough to make us wonder if we should be bothering, but that's even less rigorous.
I don't recall the location of the center of mass being a criterion for moon-hood, save that the body it's farthest from gets called the "moon." It would be a pretty arbitrary distinction. The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is three quarters of the way to the surface. A slightly smaller earth or slightly bigger moon and using that criterion, we'd be no longer calling the Moon a "moon."
(But Pluto is and always will be a PLANET, he said adamantly.)
The idea of paying attention to the barycenter location was in an IAU draft proposal for the definition of a planet, which came out in the days before the vote on the final definition. That one would have defined Ceres, Pluto and Charon as planets!
One objection to this definition is that the barycenter can move in or out of the surface of a planet. There could even be some (currently undiscovered) system out there in the Kuiper belt where a moon turns into a planet and back again over the course of its orbit!
The IAU's current definition doesn't recognize double planets, and just takes all of the bodies smaller than the biggest one in a planetary system as moons. But I don't think it defines any hard lower limit for what counts as a moon, which is definitely an issue to think about for the ringed planets: given the observations of ring clumps by Cassini, I'm pretty sure there are bodies in the Saturn system that would test any limit you care to define.
About the Pluto-as-planet controversy, my personal opinion is that I really don't care what Pluto is called either way, but what people really need to take away from the whole business is that the solar system does not just consist of a short list of planets that schoolchildren can memorize with a mnemonic. Even discounting the small-scale debris, there are dozens of major worlds out there, including not just the dwarf planets and large asteroids/KBOs, but many moons that are as interesting as some of the listed planets or more so.
Reclassifying Pluto as a dwarf planet did not make it go away, and I remember it just getting hastily deleted from a lot of educational materials, which was the worst way to deal with it.
Emily Lakdawalla once did an informal survey of K-12 teachers about what they knew of the status of Pluto, and it turned out that a plurality of them thought Pluto had turned out to really be a star. I just saw somebody expressing that misconception on an online thread about New Horizons. There seems to have been an outreach failure: people know Pluto was declared not to be a planet, but that's all they know, and there seems to be a vague idea that Pluto turned out to be a mistake of some sort, or maybe it wasn't there at all, or astronomers didn't like it for some reason.
What the science was saying is that there's more. There may be dozens or even hundreds of bodies in the Kuiper belt/scattered disk/inner Oort cloud that are obviously in the same general category as Pluto. There are at least seven or eight that are already well-known to astronomers, one of which is more massive than Pluto (apparently slightly smaller in diameter, though there's no reason that should really matter), and others that are almost as big. Popular notions of the solar system seem vaguely aware that the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter exists, but not any of this, which is far vaster in extent and content, though further away.
The other thing that seems not to be well-known is that astronomers already went through this with the asteroids. In the early nineteenth century, most references listed Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta (and, in some cases, a few others) as planets of the solar system; they got neat little symbols and everything. Their planetary status got rescinded when the known bodies began to multiply without apparent limit. There's a respectable argument that for the case of Ceres that was a mistake.
gwangung
You'd be much more likely to get Whatever readers to write their congresspeople and say that they'd like the defense budget cut by 10% and that money given to education than get science cut.
That's because that's where the money is. Biggest slice of discretionary spending is there—so…logically…that's where you should look first.


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bold & opulent
Sweet tawny Port. Aroma to red fruits jam, combined with slight wood with vanilla hints.
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Guter Port für das tägliche Glas am Abend.
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FROM THE MOMENT I PICKED UP A CAMERA FOR THE FIRST TIME TO CAPTURE MY FAMILY FOR A MIDDLE SCHOOL ART PROJECT, I KNEW I WAS ONTO SOMETHING SPECIAL. WATCHING THE SMILES SPREAD ACROSS MY PARENTS' FACES AS THEY RELIVED OUR SILLY HOME VIDEOS ON THE SMALL SCREEN WAS THE PERFECT PRECURSOR TO MY CAREER TODAY. THROUGH YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL COURSES AND LIFE EXPERIENCES,THE PULL TO CAPTURE LIFE'S MOMENTS WAS NEVER FAR AWAY, AND MY DREAMS TO DOCUMENT MORE MEMORABLE MOMENTS FOR OTHERS ULTIMATELY LED ME TO MY CAREER AS A CINEMATOGRAPHER AND PHOTOGRAPHER. I OFFICIALLY REGISTERED AS A BUSINESS IN 2014. HOWEVER, WHEN I'M NOT IN COLLEGE STUDYING BUSINESS AND DIGITAL CINEMA OR RUNNING SOCIAL MEDIA FOR SEVERAL LOCAL COMPANIES, I NURTURE MY CAREER AND GOALS TO TRAVEL THE WORLD BY PHOTOGRAPHING AND FILMING A NUMBER OF DESTINATION SHOOTS ANNUALLY. SEEING THE WORLD WHILE DOCUMENTING IMPORTANT MOMENTS AND EVENTS FOR CLIENTS REMAINS ONE OF MY GREATEST PLEASURES IN MY CINEMATOGRAPHY AND PHOTOGRAPHY BUSINESS AND IN MY LIFE. AND, AS I DID FOR MY FAMILY WHO STILL REMINISCES OVER THAT FAMILY VIDEO I SHOT 10 YEARS AGO, I LOOK FORWARD TO CREATING UNIQUE, BEAUTIFUL WORK WHICH WILL ACT AS A WINDOW BACK TO YOUR SPECIAL MOMENTS FOR YEARS TO COME—AND ALL WITH A BURNING PASSION FOR CINEMATOGRAPHY AND ART.


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Ohr Somayach
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About Ohr Somayach
Explore Judaism
» Shabbat Shmot
Israel & Jerusalem
Donation of Organs
Organs, Donation Of
Anonymous Donations
Odessa, Ophanage
Passover, Charity Before
Counting of the Jewish People in Bible, Rounding Off to the Nearest 50
Topic: Donation Of Organs
Rhoda B. Kabak writes:
Why are we not allowed to donate our organs after death? My friends and I are interested in the basis for this. Would this not be considered a mitzvah if it ultimately saved a life? Thank you for this opportunity to learn from home!
Dear Rhoda,
According to Jewish law one is forbidden to mutilate a lifeless body, derive any use or benefit from the use of a cadaver or to delay the interment of any part of a corpse. If, however, there is an immediate possibility of saving someone's life, these prohabitions would be overruled, and not only would one be allowed to donate our organs after death, it would even be a mitzvah.
That's the theory. In practice the issue is complicated by the fact that we must be certain that the patient is actually dead before his organs may be removed. According to Halacha, death is determined by a cessation of biological functions as can be determined by external senses. This means: No breathing, no heartbeat, etc., and that the body can no longer be restored to function as a living organism. If the success of the transplant requires that the person's heart be working when removing the organ to be transplanted, the transplant would be forbidden according to Halacha.
In the first paragraph we wrote that if there was an 'immediate' possibility of saving someone's life, one would be obligated to donate organs after death. According to The former Chief Rabbi of the British Commonwealth, however, even if we do not know of a specific emergency, it is permitted to donate organs or blood to donor banks provided that there is a 'reasonable certainty' that they will eventually be used in life-saving operations.
Nachum L. Rabinovich - What is the Halachah for Organ Transplants?, Jewish Bioethics, edited by Fred Rosner and J. David Bleich, Hebrew Publishing Company.
Fred Rosner - Organ Transplantation in Jewish Law, ibid.
J. David Bleich - Establishing Criteria of Death, ibid.
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Йохан XI Салм-Кирбург-Мьорхинген (; * 17 април 1635; † 16 ноември 1688, Флонхайм, Рейнланд-Пфалц) е вилд – и Рейнграф на Салм-Кирбург-Мьорхинген.

Биография
Той е единстевеният син на вилд – и Рейнграф Ото Лудвиг фон Салм-Кирбург-Мьорхинген (1597 – 1634) и съпругата му графиня Анна Магдалена фон Ханау (1600 – 1673), вдовица на граф Лотар фон Крихинген († 1629), дъщеря на граф Йохан Райнхард I фон Ханау-Лихтенберг (1569 – 1625) и първата му съпруга графиня Мария Елизабет фон Хоенлое-Нойенщайн-Вайкерсхайм (1576 – 1605). Майка му Анна Магдалена се омъжва трети път на 8 април 1636 г. за граф Фридрих Рудолф фон Фюрстенберг-Щюлинген (1602 – 1655).

Йохан XI се ражда след смъртта на баща му. С неговата смърт на 16 ноември 1688 г. във Флонхайм линията "Салм-Кирбург-Мьорхинген" изчезва. Той е погребан в градската църква на Кирн.

Фамилия
Йохан XI се жени на 27 декември 1669 г. в Мьорхинген за пфалцграфиня Елизабет Йохана фон Пфалц-Велденц (* 22 февруари 1653, Лаутерекен; † 5 февруари 1718, Мьорхинген), дъщеря на пфалцграф и херцог Леополд Лудвиг фон Пфалц-Велденц-Лютцелщайн (1625 – 1694) и съпругата му графиня Агата Христина фон Ханау-Лихтенберг (1632 – 1681). Те нямат деца.

Вдовицата му Елизабет Йохана фон Пфалц-Велденц получава за вдовишка резиденция дворец Мьорхинген и принадлежащите му места, също господствата Димеринген и Хелфинген в Елзас за доживотно ползване.

Литература
 Winfried Dotzauer: Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07878-9, S. 364.
 Bernd Warlich: Salm in Kirburg, Mörchingen und Tronecken, Otto Ludwig, Wild – und Rheingraf von in: Der Dreißigjährige Krieg in Selbstzeugnissen, Chroniken und Berichten

Източници

Графове в Германия
Дом Салм
Родени през 1635 година
Починали през 1688 година


The painting is Girl in a Red Kimono. The model is Geesje Kwak. The artist is George Hendrik Breitner.
No letters concerning this topic have yet been received.
Your letters are welcome at thecolonel@colonelfarrell.com. All letters are subject to the normal editing process.
Colonel James J. Farrell, CSA, Retired, is but one pseudonym of an author who wishes to remain anonymous, or pseudonymous, as the case may be. He is also known, or suspected, to have written under the pseudonyms Nancy Whiskey, Richard J. Farrell, Robert J. Farrell, and Joyce J. Jameson.
The Colonel is the author of the new novel Nancy Whiskey, the story of a girl who is too young to be no better than she should be, as told by a man who is old enough to know better than to get involved with her sort in the first place.


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About Maseno
Maseno in Brief
Officers of the University
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Bsc Nursing with IT
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Welfare of the students in the University is considered crucial to the well being of the entire University community. The University has an office of the Director of Students Welfare Services. The Director of Students works in conjunction with the Dean of Students in all matters affecting students' life and welfare. Students are encouraged to participate in as many activities as possible in order to make their non- academic life fully worthwhile.
In conjunction with relevant organs of the university, the office of Director of Students Welfare Services also co-ordinates activities that affect students' health,accommodation and catering, sports, career and placement services including activities of Student Organization of Maseno University (SOMU), student clubs/societies/associations.
The location of Maseno in a rural environment makes provision of accommodation a critical component of Student Welfare. In this regard therefore the University has been quite focused in increasing the number of accommodation facilities to allow as many students as possible to have an opportunity to stay on campus
In this regard, the University has constructed self-catering accommodation units which will not only curb accommodation crisis but also encourage responsibility and discipline in students. Apart from the daily programmme of lectures, this new accommodation concert will enable students to run their own schedule for the study and meals respectively.
The University has a full-fledged Counseling Units which caters for all students who may require counseling. Three trained counselors support the services of the Unit.
Games and Sports.
Maseno University has some of the best field game facilities in the region. The climate allows for evergreen playing fields events. There is an Olympic size stadium which is the envy of many. Students are encouraged to participate in the games.
About Students
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Hotel "California" is located in the resort village of Koblevo, 25 meters from the sea with direct access to the beach. The hotel is a modern building, one-room suites and two-room apartments are offered at the choice of visitors. Each room is made in an individual original style, has access to a balcony or terrace and is equipped with LCD TV with satellite TV, refrigerator, air conditioning, clothes dryer, hairdryer and electric kettle. Cold and hot water is served around the clock. Most rooms have a beautiful view of the sea. Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the property. There is a guarded parking lot for guests. In walking distance from the hotel "California" a wide selection of cafes and bars.
Description of the room: Comfortable single rooms, each of which is made in an individual, modern style according to catalogs of American designers. A distinctive feature is the original layout, an abundance of panoramic windows, balconies and terraces in each room overlooking the seascape. All the necessary amenities for a comfortable stay are provided, namely: hydro box, hot and cold water round the clock, safe, refrigerator, wardrobe, air conditioning, LCD TV with satellite TV, hairdryer, personal equipment set, electric kettle, clothes dryer.
Description of the room: Comfortable single rooms, each of which is made in an individual, modern style in the catalogs of American designers. A distinctive feature is the original layout, an abundance of panoramic windows, balconies and terraces in each room overlooking the sea landscape. All amenities necessary for comfortable rest are provided, namely: hydrobox, hot and cold water around the clock, safe, refrigerator, wardrobe, air conditioning, LCD TV with satellite TV, hairdryer, set of personal belongings, electric kettle, clothes dryer.
Description of the room: Spacious two-room rooms, each of which is made in an individual style according to the catalogs of American designers. The bedroom opens onto a spacious (100 sq.m.) balcony-terrace with sea views. All amenities necessary for comfortable rest are provided, namely: hydrobox, hot and cold water around the clock, safe, refrigerator, wardrobe, air conditioning, LCD TV with satellite TV, hairdryer, set of personal belongings, electric kettle, clothes dryer.
Within walking distance from the hotel "California" there are cafes and bars for every taste.
The hotel is located in the center of the resort village of Koblevo, 25 meters from the sea.
From Odessa: from the suburban bus station (near the "Privoz") - a shuttle to the bus station Koblevo. From Nikolaev: from the railway station or bus station - a shuttle to the bus station Koblevo.


hd00:22ROME - CIRCA MAY 2012: A uniformed man walks down the Spanish Steps, which are crowded with tourists.
hd00:19BRUSSELS, BELGIUM - APRIL 26, 2014: Unidentified people visit the Grand Place. The square is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
hd00:11SAINT PAUL, MN - CIRCA JULY, 2013 - A young couple buy food at the Saint Paul Farmer's Market, which has become a leading local farmer's market in a trend that is booming nationwide.
4k00:11BOROUGH MARKET, LONDON - JANUARY 10, 2019: Customers peruse fresh market vegetable produce on a greengrocer stall at Borough Market in Southwark, London, UK.


text:
De Intercontinental Cup basketbal 1968 in 1968 vond plaats in de Palestra-arena in Philadelphia. Van FIBA Europe speelde Real Madrid en Simmenthal Milano mee. Van de Liga Sudamericana speelde Botafogo FR mee en van de NABL speelde Akron Goodyear Wingfoots mee.

Wedstrijden
Eerste dag 4 januari 1968

Tweede dag 6 januari 1969 3e - 4e plaats

Tweede dag 6 januari 1969 finale

Externe link
 1968 Intercontinental basketball Cup

1968


The state has launched a pilot program to test fully autonomous vehicles, an initiative lawmakers created last year to bring Connecticut to the forefront of the self-driving car industry.
Up to four interested towns and cities will be selected to participate by allowing manufacturers to test fully self-driven cars on their roadways, Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said Tuesday.
The program is meant to show the automotive industry that Connecticut is keeping pace with fast-growing, forward-thinking technologies, Malloy said.
"Make no mistake, autonomous vehicles are the future of transportation, whether it is people looking for a safer and easier commute, more efficient and cheaper commercial transit, more precise ride-sharing and for-hire services, or beyond," he said.


Whenever I travel somewhere new, I always like to do something involving animals. Florida is home to a whole load of swamps, and in them a whole load of gators. After all the media hype surrounding the alligator incident at Disney World I was half expecting to see them crawling around everywhere, kind of like foxes in the UK. But, it's okay guys, we actually had to go searching in their natural habitat to find some.
After a tonne of research into prices and convenience, we settled on heading to Boggy Creek on Lake Kissimmee. I'm still not over the fact that I've actually been on Lake Kissimmee (ticks bucket list), and it was EPIC.
I was about a zillion miles out of my comfort zone for the entire time we were there, and it was the best thing ever. From the moment we arrived, my tiny little zone was tested: we wandered over the leaf-strewn grass to the toilets, only to be told later that there were rattlesnakes on the grounds, and it all escalated from there.
The air boat ride was one of my favourite moments of the entire trip (it even beat Harry Potter world, it was that good). We slowly rode out onto the swamp, but soon the 'captain' revved it up a notch and we were soaring over giant lilypads, rushes and into Lake Kissimmee at a nerve-wracking speed. I quite literally had the wind in my hair, the sun on my back and my eyes were peeled for the gators. Naturally, I didn't spot any myself: they were so well hidden, but the captain was a pro, and had us all gasping at sly gators popping up out of the blue.
Despite being a half hour long, the airboat ride felt like it was over far too soon: I could've stayed on all day. My easily sunburn-able skin would've said no, of course, but my heart would have totally been up for it.
After the ride there was one thing left to do. I've spoken about food fears before, and how I've challenged them, and the opportunity to eat alligator in this tiny little attraction was something that in the past I would 100% have turned down. However, I promised myself that I would live life to the fullest whilst in America - it was even one of my New Year's resolutions - and so I gave it a go. It looked and tasted a lot like popcorn chicken, with a bit of a fishy aftertaste.
If you're looking to visit the swamps when you visit Florida, I would definitely recommend heading to Boggy Creek. We had the best day there, and it didn't break the bank either. This is not a sponsored post btw, I just loved our little day trip.
The cows live in the swamp because they're too big for the alligators to try and eat - I was so shocked to see them!
A massive Bath and Body Works haul!


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Sitka Fine Arts Camp is a nationally-recognized fine arts summer camp located in Sitka, Alaska. The camp was established in 1973 at Sheldon Jackson College. It used other locations in the years that followed before acquiring the majority of historic Sheldon Jackson College buildings and campus in 2011. It took almost four years for a USDA Rural Development loan to be transferred from the college to the camp because of a "maze of paperwork," but it was done in 2013.

The college was established in 1878 and was the oldest institution of higher learning in Alaska. The camp enrolled approximately 700 in 2013 and offerings have expanded to include a circus program. Adult programs such as a Native Jazz Workshop and the Sitka Arts and Science Institute are also offered and have included artists such as Jason Marsalis.

History
Founded in 1973, Sitka Fine Arts Camp is a multi-disciplinary arts camp featuring the dramatic arts, music, literary arts, visual arts (ceramics, painting, drawing, sculpture, mask making, photography, video production, Alaska Native arts), and dance. The camp features four separate sessions: "mini camp" (fifth grade and below), middle school camp, high school camp, and a musical theatre camp for high school and college students. Each session culminates in final performances and visual art exhibits. The camp was founded at the Sheldon Jackson College campus, moved to the University of Alaska Southeast/Mt. Edgecumbe High School campus in the 1980s, switched back to Sheldon Jackson College in the 1990s, returned to the Mt. Edgecumbe High School campus in 2006, and in 2011, after the bankruptcy of Sheldon Jackson College and the transfer of its campus to the Fine Arts Camp's parent organization, Alaska Arts Southeast, Inc., the camp returned to the SJ campus.  In 2013 the United States Department of Agriculture approved the transfer of two USDA-funded buildings on the campus to Alaska Arts Southeast, and the campus is undergoing continuing renovation activities.

Recognition
In 2004, was selected by the National Endowment for the Arts as one of ten exceptional summer arts programs in the country.
In 2004, camp executive director Roger Schmidt was awarded the 2004 Alaska Governor's Award for Arts Education.
In 2005, was selected by the National Endowment for the Arts as one of 25 exceptional summer arts programs in the country.
In 2007 received the Coming Up Taller Award from the President's Committee on Arts and Humanities at a ceremony with First Lady, Laura Bush at the White House.

Notable faculty
Alon Yavnai
Kristin Korb
Marco d'Ambrosio, noted composer.
Brian Neal, member of Dallas Brass.
Amy Butcher

External links
Sitka Fine Arts Camp

References

Education in Sitka, Alaska
Educational institutions established in 1973
Summer schools
Summer camps in Alaska
Buildings and structures in Sitka, Alaska
1973 establishments in Alaska


As a charity leader I know only too well that staff smell a rat when we're inauthentic – when we espouse one set of values but behave altogether differently. But the voluntary sector as a whole could be accused of the very same thing. We bleed the hearts and wallets of the public with our causes yet we don't always live up to those values in our corporate behaviour.
The sector is exceptionally vigorous when de-crying the impact of public spending cuts. But are the public aware that this is sometimes driven by organisational self-interest – defending our own funding and services? Of course the cuts will have real impact on some much needed, if not essential, services and some could very likely be lost forever. But let us not only be the voice of commissioning, cuts and contracts. While we are vociferous when the axe could fall on our own finances, are we robust enough in articulating our passion for those most disadvantaged, isolated or discriminated against?
When it comes to services, we fall back on brand and unique selling proposition. We sell our services competitively – sometimes we defend the mediocre because it's ours and just as often fail to share our intellectual property, and what works for our clients, because of the need to preserve competitive advantage.
Filed Under: Readers Forum Tagged With: the U.K.


As you will see the car has weathered well over the past 19years - The springs shown here after refreshed nylon coating. The dampers are the new items - The Diff removed opened checked and reshimmed courtesay of a Triumph 'authority' on these matters and a legend...Same for gearbox with a layshaft mod.
Notice the paint damage on the baulkhead from a battery leak - Decided that I want to fix this although for the most its hidden by the battery tray.


text:
North Italian
Visit Theatres / Channel Route
Individual Trips
ERHT Project
ERHT Team
Théâtre du château
The Lords of Chimay – who became Princes in 1482 – ruled the Chimay region from 1241. Their castle was almost completely destroyed by a fire in 1935 – but for the theatre to which a new building in the style of Henri IV was attached. The theatre had been commissioned in 1861 by Joseph II, 16th Prince of Chimay. He had served the new Kingdom of Belgium as ambassador and at the same time acted as mayor of Chimay. Invited by him, Trappist monks founded the famous Scourmont abbey.
As architect of the new theatre the Prince chose the French architect and stage designer Charles-Antoine Cambon (1802–1875). He brought with him the plans of the first theatre at Fontainebleau that had burned down in 1856. Now Cambon created a new version of this French theatre in Chimay: a jewel in the crown of Belgian theatres. Inaugurated in 1863, it seats 200 spectators and is used occasionally for concerts.
Château de Chimay
www.chateaudechimay.com
Visits: from Easter to end of September daily
at 10:00, 11:00, 15:00, 16:00; groups on appointment only