text:
Solar Insights: Grid parity is really here, this time
Spain and Italy are expecting their solar PV markets to thrive, even as all forms of subsidies are removed. In Australia, the solar industry will have to wait a few extra years. In the meantime, the energy industry has to ask itself an important question: which way to point the panels?
Giles Parkinson Posted on 22 October 2012 22 October 2012 11 Comments
Grid parity is a term that is often discussed and a goal that is often raised, but until subsidies are stripped away it is a concept that has not been tested – beyond some off-grid and island locations.
Where better to test it then, than in Spain, the country that did so much to support the deployment of wind and solar energy but which, thanks to the continuing fallout of its property crash, can no longer afford to pay energy subsidies, be they green, grey or black.
The German solar company Conergy last week highlighted what it said was its first "grid parity" solar installation in Spain. Other, larger installations have been talked about, but have yet to be financed, this installation is only 8kW, installed on the roof of an organic restaurant in Barcelona, but for the solar industry it's an installation that highlights the fact that the game has now changed from an investment driven market to a genuine energy market.
This is occuring not just in Spain, but elsewhere. Italy, which enjoyed the highest deployment of solar in 2010/11 with more than 9,000MW, is just about to reach its €6.7 billion budget for solar support. Still, the government expects that between 1GW and 2GW of solar PV will be installed each year, even without any subsidies. That is a figure that is likely to grow.
The two key takeaways from the Barcelona installation are this: The restaurant owner normally pays around €0.15 to €0.17 /kWh for his electricity (about 19c-21.5c/kWh), and Conergy says the restaurant will pay €0.101/kWh ($12.7c/kWh) for solar – based on a levellised cost of energy over 25 years.
Those are interesting numbers in the Australian context. The first is that solar PV can deliver parity in a country where retail prices are about 25 per cent cheaper (or more in some cases), than in Australia.
The second is that they can deliver solar PV on rooftops at a cost of just under 13c/kWh. That's probably half the price in Australia – and it's mostly got to do with the balance of system costs than it has to do with the price of panels. In Australia, those balance of systems costs are about twice the price of the panel.
Getting those balance of system costs down is the primary goal of the US SunShot Initiative – which wants them at 50/50 by 2020, and in Japan, where balance of system costs are about four times the cost of the panel. This is why the
Japanese, having duly noted the experience in Europe (and in Australia), have decided on a generous feed in tariffs of around 52c – with the simple goal of getting enough solar deployed to lower the cost of installation. They don't have Productivity Commissions obsessing about the "abatement cost" of the tariff because that is not the point of it.
Conergy says the Barcelona restaurant, La Sal Varador, will source 95 per cent of its energy needs from the 34 panels during the day. No payment will be made for any energy exported back into the grid. "The conclusion is simple," it says. "Solar is a cost-effective choice without subsidies in cases where a substantial amount of power is required during the daytime."
Luis Jiménez Gutierrez, the head of Conergy Spain, says the move of solar towards a genuine energy market means that the important criteria are now the availability of electricity and the price of every kilowatt hour. "The objective is no longer for the plant to be as large as possible, but for it to be matched precisely to the customer in order to optimise electricity generation and consumption behaviour."
Grid parity has arrived for this Spanish restaurant.
This will have some resonance in Australia, which is on the point of making that transition to an investment driven market to a genuine energy market. In the commercial sector, there is now even talk that manufacturing plants that once operated at night to take advantage of lower prices may now be able to transfer operations to the daytime, supported by solar.
And in the residential market, there are now broader discussions about whether solar PV should be pointed north to generate as much energy as possible, or oriented more towards the west, so it can be more focused on reducing peak demand, which is essentially driven by households.
There is now an understanding that offering no tariffs, a static tariff or a time of use tariff will achieve different results. Solar will ultimately be attractive in all of them. The utilities are still trying to figure out which is best for them. How this unfolds will largely dictate the course of the energy industry in this country over the long term.
The pace of solar development overseas is quite extraordinary. Last week, Saudi Arabia, which has already begun a $100 billion program to install 42,000MW of solar over the next 20 years, says it aims to cease generation of electricity of oil and gas and generate only low or zero carbon energy – solar, wind and nuclear. Meanwhile, China is introducing new rules that will accelerate the connection of solar PV plants of less than 10MW to the grid, and Iraq has unveiled a $1.6b renewable energy plan to add at least 400MW of wind and solar to to the national grid.
In Chile, approval has been given for another two large-scale solar PV projects totalling 288MW to be built in the northern Antofagasta region. In Hawaii, SolarCity will build a 14MW solar PV plant on the island of Kaua'i to provide 6 per cent of its average daily energy needs, a new 10MW solar PV plant will be built in western Japan by Eurus Energy, with construction starting next month, and Sky Solar has broken ground on a 50MW PV project. In Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
New US Navy solar power plant to save $13m a year
Mixed Greens: Gas joins coal generation in holding pattern
Tim 7 years ago
In the above scenario, "smart appliances" will have a role for consumers with PV. If a few clouds pass overhead, the aircon or fridge compressor, pool pump or electric car charger (for example) reduces its load to match the output of the PV array. This is the best economic outcome for the consumer, and it surely reduces the "peakiness" effect on the grid.
Mart 7 years ago
If some academic tells you that north-pointing PV panels is the way to maximise production, he doesn't have a clue. Better check Whirlpool Forums (whirlpool.net.au) to see what people who know something about PV actually do.
If meeting the NEM peak demand with PV is the issue, then Western Australia holds the key. But I guess Sandgropers will be Sandgropers, staring down their mine shafts instead of looking up at their far bigger and enduring resource.
Ronald Brak 7 years ago
Okay, I'm stumped. How do you get more kilowatt-hours a day out of a solar panel in Australia than facing it north at an angle appropriate for the latitude?
Wrong question. We're not talking about a single solar panel but a grid-connected PV system. The most important limiting factor of any such system is the capacity of the grid inverter. The maximum allowable capacity of such an inverter is set by the grid owner or the feed-in rules. But there is no rule against using solar tracking. There is also no rule against increasing the number of panels attached to a given inverter in order to maximise output during a longer period of the day.
So for a single fixed panel, facing it north would be the way to maximise its output through the day?
Mack 7 years ago
How is Western Australia key to solving peak demand in the NEM when WA's not even part of the NEM? WA is on it's own electricity network.
John D 7 years ago
A ix of north, east and west panels will give the best fit with actual demand. However, we would still need some energy storage to carry us through the end of day peak.
Jonathan 7 years ago
This is not my area of expertise, but there are current issues if you have solar panels facing various directions. The panels that are generating less current (eg. North facing panels at 4pm) hold back those producing more current (eg. West facing panels at 4pm). The trick is how you wire them up. I thought it was worth noting.
Having panels orientated in two directions does introduce a technical problem that can raise costs, but given that some people only get eight cents a kilowatt-hour for electricity they export to the grid, or even in some cases just have it completely stolen, I think it is something that installers will soon get better at dealing with. Of course, since houses are generally already connected to each other through an electricity grid type arrangement, we could just use a single orientation on each house and share electricity between them. That would be logical, and so I'm sure we won't do that.
Pete Moran 7 years ago
I'm somewhat cynical of Saudi Arabia low/no-carbon plans (and the UAE's nuclear program for that mater) as I think you'll discover it's a way for them to sell the oil they would have otherwise used domestically.
No point in burning it for $5 profit for domestic electricity when you can sell it to the Americans for $100, but for the people to pay your local electric rate of $10 now that they have solar/wind or nuclear power.
At least, that's the explanation that was doing the rounds in the UAE as I had a sister who lived there. Power prices were to rise pretty heavily thanks to their proposed Korean NPPs.
Kyle Sager 7 years ago
Tic-tock…Australia continues to point the way for the State of Georgia in SE USA on the other side of the planet. I wish we were doing the tiniest fraction of the solar Australia is. Your tireless drumbeat is always inspiring.


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The Australian Sailing Team rely on B&G for the gathering and display of data on board their coach boats. Pic - Beau Outteridge
B&G and the Australian Sailing Team – enduring, evolving and essential
When you are so utterly focussed on getting the best out of a particular programme, you need to put only the very best into it.
In a way, this would have to be a streamlined version of one of the key messages from our super-coach, the masterful Victor Kovalenko.
When it comes to real-time sailing information, and the delivery of it, the Australian Sailing Team (AST) has for the last eight years been able to rely on B&G for the gathering and display of data on board their coach boats, all over the globe. Recently, this long-term partnership was extended for another four years, as a sign of the commitment shared, and it is not just for the supply of equipment, either.
One of the fundamental elements behind it all, and so therefore not that well known about, is the support applied by B&G's software technicians. Usually this is under very short timeframes, quite often just before major international regattas, and it has to eventually be installed across the entire fleet. Throughout the tenure of the relationship, B&G have always been there and always delivered. Naturally, this stress-free environment then allows the coaches and sailors to get on with what they do.
B&G Zeus home screen.
Laura Tolmay, Marketing and Communications Manager from B&G's parent company Navico commented on the expansive relationship, "The partnership between B&G and the AST was first established in 2014, with the intention of providing high-end sailing electronics to support vessels across Australia for the training of athletes."
"Each training vessel was fitted with a B&G Zeus MFD, heading sensor, along with a wind sensor, and the primary use for these systems was to collect and provide coaches with real-time environmental information, so they can identify trends and relay these to the sailors. As part of the sponsorship agreement, B&G committed to supply upgraded and newly improved equipment each year, or when released, along with support for software enhancements as required by the team."
"As the only electronics brand designed specifically for sailing B&G is committed to elevate sailing in Australia, and take a bigger role within the sailing community where we can support not only performance racing, but youth sailing and cruising. The successful partnership with the AST allows us to partake in youth sailing events, regattas, and various other activities that promote sailing, and inspire those within the fraternity."
"It is a great honour that the AST has chosen B&G as an electronics partner for the next four years, and we are thrilled to be working with each of the athletes, coaching staff, administrators, and all those involved who share the same passion for sailing", said Tolmay in closing.
Australian Sailing's Performance Analyst, Sam Ellis, added, "The challenge we face is that in a sport as multifactorial and complex as sailing, is that there are no silver bullets when it comes to performance. The key is to be able to reliably identify and understand the complex relationships between the environment you are sailing in, and your boat's performance. So you need to be able to respond accordingly, as the environment changes around you."
Australian Sailing Team using their B&G system to analyse data. Pic – Beau Outteridge
"Since beginning my role with Australian Sailing Team four years ago, Brookes and Gatehouse have been instrumental in providing us with the equipment and support we need to be able to not only monitor our environment in real-time in a simple user-friendly manner, but also collect that data for long-term analysis. B&G have supported us at every major and minor regatta, both locally and internationally."
"Every single one of our coach boats around the world is fully fitted out with cutting-edge environmental sensors, supplied by B&G, which means no matter where we go in the world, we are always gaining insights into our environment, allowing our coaches and sailors to identify trends in the environment, and react to get the best out of their boats, no matter what the conditions."
"Sailing is a sport of decision making and risk analysis. The better the information you have on hand, typically then sets you up for a much higher degree of decision making. Be it in equipment choice, or course navigation decisions, it all relates back to how well you can determine what is happening out on the racecourse. The B&G systems we employ gift us with the most accurate and reliable information to base our decisions on."
In terms of being able to develop for the future, Ellis added, "The data we gather from our B&G systems forges the base of information that sets us up for all other research. Without a great understanding of the environment, performance analysis in sailing is near impossible."
Of course, it all comes down to being out on the water. The AST is blessed to have the services of Michael Blackburn. He's quite the handy Laser regatta sailor himself, and yes the understatement is intentional, but let's not forget he has also crossed Bass Strait in one of Bruce Kirby's 'Weekenders', as they were originally known. That's quite the achievement.
Now today, 'Blackers' as he is known so well, is a coach. This time we are not going to veil his accomplishments at all, for there are three exceptional athletes who now all have the much-prized sailing Gold Medal to their name, stemming from their time under his tutelage. They're almost household names, as well, and these sailors par-excellence are Tom Slingsby, Tom Burton, and now Matt Wearn.
Blackburn reflected on the relationship with B&G, which is significant, for he has been part of the whole journey to date. "AST coaches need reliable equipment that just works in harsh conditions, and also when the going gets tough during major international regattas. We've benefited immensely from our eight-year partnership with B&G, depending on their weather monitoring gear on our fleet of coach boats for accurate and reliable insights into wind strength and direction."
"It's also valuable for us to be able to compare weather data between coach boats to give us a better picture of what the wind is doing across the course. With B&G's support, we've outfitted our fleet of regatta coach boats with feature packed performance tools that enhance our coaches and athletes understanding of wind behaviour. The AST is absolutely looking forward to continuing its partnership with B&G for the next four years, and all the regattas we will attend in that time."
In something as dynamic as sailing, where nothing is ever entirely the same, something from way back when might well be the enduring sentiment. Back in the 70s and early 80s, computer theory was always distilled down to 'Garbage In = Garbage Out'. Today, with society's ever-expanding reliance on technology, it is probably even more apt than then.
So in the end, if you want the best from your sailing, you have to start with the best. In terms of performance data, and real time intel, that means Brookes and Gatehouse.
By Australian Sailing
SailGP Season 3 is comingJohn Stanley: 18 footer historian and Sydney Hobart survivor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
package objects.size;

import hydra.*;

/**
 *  A class used to store keys for configuration settings.
 *
 * @author Lise Storc
 * @since 5.0
 */

public class ObjectSizerPrms extends BasePrms {

  /**
   *  (String)
   *  Type of object.  Must be an object in the "objects" test directory.
   *  Default is "objects.PSTObject".
   */
  public static Long objectType;

  /**
   *  (int)
   *  Index encoded in object.  Default is 0.
   */
  public static Long objectIndex;

  static {
    setValues(ObjectSizerPrms.class);
  }
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    dumpKeys();
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Curl Mesabi
On the Iron Range
Free Guard Zone Bar & Food Service
Pro Shop – Curling Supplies
Curl Mesabi Raffle
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Bonspiels
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Mon & Wed Senior Open League – 1:00 p.m.
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Junior Curling
Burger Nights
Curl Mesabi Foundation
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The season is almost here and this year the club will be offering a new league with a new concept on Tuesday nights. It will be open to all Men, Woman, Juniors, and Seniors (members and non-members). Anyone can play on any given Tuesday at 6:30pm and we'll select new teams every week by drawing names out of a hat then play a 6 end match. Members will be free and non-members will pay a weekly fee of $5. The focus on this league will be a few things, first it's a way for people to curl that can't always commit to a team on a night every single week and second, it will allow new members a way to be in a league and meet other members and form connections for the future which will help build our membership base. It's also a way for veteran members to get an extra night of practice. Please come out and give it a try.
The first night will be TUESDAY November 24th.
by Dennis Peterson
Two Major Maintenance Items Completed
Curling Night In America
I'm Interested in Curling!
Sign up to learn about new curler events. Give us your contact information and we'll drop you an email or give a call.
Tell us about your level of interest?*
Curious - want to give it a tryCurled a few times...need some instructionI am an experienced curlerJust want to play a few times a yearBonspiel (1 or 2 day tournament)Weekly league


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If Stephen McMennamy's Instagram photos were boxing moves, they'd each be a perfect one-two punch. He constructs them from two photos of seemingly unrelated objects—like fruit loops and an old dump truck—combined to create one wildly imaginative scenario.
The inspiration struck last year, when McMennamy happened to see images of a banana and the Empire State Building at the same time. On a lark, he combined them in PicFrame and was thrilled with the result. "It instantly got me wondering what else was out there to tinker with," he says.
Mcmennamy has since posted more than 70 "combophotos" and has many more in reserve. He's a master at creating dreamlike, mouth-watering scenes like a fork lift spearing a giant hot dog and whimsical combinations of unlikely objects, like a fire extinguisher with the bottom of a shiny red jalapeño.
Making the images is far harder than mashing two photos together in Photoshop and calling it done. The photos are meticulously composed, often with a lot of trial and error. Getting the Marlboro French fries just right required three trips to McDonald's. "I felt like a food stylist," he says. "I ended up having to go with the super size box, since the smaller boxes have some weird graphic near the top, but the bigger box resulted in me having to use frozen, thick cut fries."
What began as a small side project has become an obsession. Mcmennamy started out with his iPhone, but has since upgraded to a mirrorless Sony A6000 and a Phantom II Vision+ drone for aerial shots. He's painted the walls of his garage so he can use them as a backdrop, and he drives to a parking garage near his home whenever he needs a shot of the sky. And he's moved on from PicFrame to Photoshop or the collage app Layout so he can stitch the images together seamlessly. He still posts everything on Instagram.
He keeps a list of ideas in his pocket, but they don't all fly. Outtakes and utter failures are posted to his combophotofail Instagram account. It's a hilarious stream of melted ice cream, blurry cereal and WTF? moments, and an insightful look at his creative process. "The project is a chance to tinker, fail, experiment, fail again, explore, get extremely frustrated, and succeed," he says.
Mcmennamy enjoys the challenge. He fiddles with his combophotos on weekends, since his gig as creative director at BDDO—where he comes up with commercials for the likes of AT&T—keeps him busy all week. "My job allows for plenty of creativity, but as you slip into more of a management role, you end up doing less of the 'making,'" he says. "I missed getting my hands dirty, and that's exactly what this project has given back to me."


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Home » Electric Vehicles, Fame India, Hyundai, Ministry of Road transport and highways, NITI Aayog, Ola, Policy, Uber
Transport ministry proposes exemption from registration fees for electric vehicles
The Ministry of Road, Transport and Highway (MoRTH) said in a notice on Wednesday that is has proposed amendments to the Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 that would do away with registration fees for battery operated or electric vehicles (EVs). The ministry said it issued a draft notification to amend Rule 81 of CMVR to allow this, and is seeking comments and suggestions from stakeholders. However, MediaNama could not find a copy of the draft notification online. We have reached out to Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors for comment on the proposal's likely impact, and will update this when they reply.
The news comes at a time when the government has been trying to push for the electrification of Indian transport. We reported recently that the NITI Aayog had proposed that only electric vehicles (EV) should be sold after 2030. It had moved a Cabinet note seeking to assign responsibility for different ministers, and for the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) to prepare a framework to phase out the sale of diesel and petrol vehicles by 2030.
What else the NITI Aayog proposed
The NITI Aayog also made the following proposals to MoRTH:
MoRTH should be tasked with issuing norms for cab aggregators to replace all fuel-run vehicles with electric vehicles by 2030
Ministry of Heavy Industries should work on replacement of fuel powered vehicles of union ministries, agencies and the public sector with EVs by 2030
MoRTH should pilot an e-highways program with an overhead electricity network to enable plying of electric trucks and buses on select national highways
As of now, the only government scheme for electric vehicles is FAME (Faster Adoption of Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles), which is currently in its second phase. Interestingly FAME-II, when it was last updated in March, did not provide incentives to private car buyers, unlike FAME-I, which gave buyers a direct subsidy of Rs 1.38 lakh. While FAME-II provides for an even higher subsidy of Rs 1.5 lakh, it is limited only to those buyers who want to put their electric car to commercial use. This had led to confusion for auto makers like Hyundai, which felt that there was not enough clarity in the government's vision for electric vehicles.
Data localisation: US Dept of State says it has 'no plans' to cap H-1B visas
Bengaluru City Court orders Google to not divert the Milaap's site traffic to Impact Guru
Walmart had told US govt that India's FDI in e-commerce rules were 'regressive': report
New POCSO bill to expand child porn definition to include anime, adults posing depicting children
Don't access social media on official devices unless permitted: Home ministry's social media and internet policy for govt employees
ORF Round Table: India, US, Law Enforcement and data governance
Delhi HC restrains e-commerce platforms from selling products of 'Direct Selling Entities'
Income Tax Department's "Project Insight" looks at data management for non-compliance of tax filing


Boldly go where no kids have gone before by building a legion of robots unimaginable before this toy set was invented. It includes easy-to-follow plans for building a Man, Mini, Rover, Machine, and Sentry bot all at once. It also frees you to experiment and pioneer your own sci-fi creatures. Bloco is a groundbreaking patented construction toy whose high-density foam pieces and uniquely designed plastic connectors interlink, stack and rotate at any angle to create lovable and captivating creatures you can play with or display as decorative items.
Over 74 people already bought it on Amazon!


Discussion in 'Archived Classifieds' started by DanH471, Feb 22, 2013.
Time for a de horde! Too much sitting about not doing anything so following is for sale. There will be a few more items being listed over the weekend. Payment by BT preferably but can do PPG if required.
Boxed including stock cooler unused.
Boxed, complete with all accessories.
Unfortunately no, it didn't come with any.
How old is the card and what did you use it for?
I have not used it so don't know if it is in IR or IT mode. It was for a future build which I have changed direction on.
I can check tomorrow. I can flash to any firmware if you like and set it to IT mode so it is ready for your use. I bought it in October. It came out of a new server.
Sorry no can do. I want to get back what I paid for it seeing it's not been used. Asking price delivered is firm.
£60 for the P55 Motherboard??
Go on then. To PM.
Hi, ile offer £30 for 8GB G.Skill Ripjaws DDR3 RAM 4x2GB including postage with bank transfer immediately.
Are all the raptors in good health?
And the difference in the oem model??
£32 to cover postage and you have a deal.
I'll run some tests now but they were good when I removed them about 6 - 8 months ago. The only reason I removed them was to use an SSD instead.
The OEM drive is just an 80GB drive without a WD warranty.
I didnt know of an 80GB model! And i have a 150 gb raptor and ssd, just to keep speeds nice any of them have the side panel?
Do you mean the window to see the spindle?
Sorry i didn't realize it was 4 2gb sticks, im looking for 4gb sticks so to leave room for future upgrade to 16gb, good luck with the sale im sure someone will snap these up rather quickly.
No none of these do. I believe they were from a later generation raptor.
Hi, the Gen2's checked out fine, did full surface scan and writes all ok. SMART checks out too. The older Gen1 disk did have reallocated sectors but did pass the surface scan on a write and read.
Have details and health of drive?
iTrader feedback left for the buyers.
Still interested in the raptors?
can you confirm if this is 2x2GB or 2x1GB?


In the townsland of Cantwells-court on the Johnswell road situated in Buggy's field stands the "Golden Rath". One May day some years ago two men were out hunting in the rath. As they went along a beaten track which wound its way through the rath they came upon a huge rock in the middle of the path.
Going over to the stone the rolled it aside, and 'behold' lying in a hollow under the stone was a pile of gold. Suddenly, before they had decided whether they should leave it there or try to recover it a huge dog jumped from under the rock and sprang at them.
Turning on their heels the two men ran from the rath never stoping until they reached the safety of their own home. They told the people about the gold, several people attempted to recover the gold, but none succeeded. The rock still stands guard over the treasure.


Inhale aromatic fragrances and let them permeate your entire being, as skin nourishing cocoa butters blended with essential oils help liberate your potential. With Chamomile and Cardamom essential oils. A medley of warming fruit notes, with a blackberry, strawberry and blackcurrant heart, and hints of baked and apple and pear. To use your bath brulee up to four times by dropping it in the bath and allowing a portion of it to melt.


Did you know that if you have had the same Flood insurance policy since before 2016 you may be leaving hundreds or even thousands of dollars on the table?
If you have had a flood insurance policy which you started before 2016, chances are you have a policy through the Nation Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This is a federal program governed by FEMA which provides consumers with standardized rates, meaning that no matter which company or agent you go through the rate should be exactly the same (assuming that agent does your quote right). Since early 2016 there have been a host of new private companies which have entered the Flood Insurance market. This is great news for you, as this means you have more options finally for your flood insurance! So if you have had that same flood policy since before 2016 you need to check on getting a quote from one of these new private companies as you may be overpaying dearly. Also your flood policy through Many of these new private companies can offer better coverage at a better price. Worst case may be that you discover your placement with NFIP is the best for your scenario, but you would be wise to at least check.
Imagine that you are home for what appears to be your typical rainy day in Florida. However, on this day the rain doesn't let up and its coming down hard. Before long you (and most of your neighbors in their homes) are ready to panic as the water that usually pools up in your driveway recess is now pouring over into your garage. The rising water slips right through your entry doors and makes its way throughout your entire home. When you find out that your homeowners policy does not cover you for flood you are going to be upset. Unfortunately, this is the case with most homeowner's policies. Even if your policy includes coverage for water damage, Flood is not considered water damage by most insurance policy definitions.
This does not mean that you are not covered for any rain damage if you have water damage covered under your home insurance policy. It does mean that you need to be educated on what is included before you blindly purchase a policy to cover something as valuable as your home.
So in a nutshell, insurance can be tricky. Keep in mind when shopping for flood insurance, it's what you don't know that can really hurt you. No two companies write the same exact policy, and where one company may give you something another may take it away. This is why having a good agent is so important. When shopping for insurance make sure to find an agent that is willing to answer all your questions, and more importantly ask you all the right questions to ensure you are covered correctly.
Although it may appear that water has damaged your home during a flood, technically your homeowner's policies may disagree. Insurance policies are filled with terminology that if you don't pay close attention to can financially sink you after a natural disaster such as a flood.
In insurance, Flood can be defined as a general and temporary condition where two or more acres of normally dry land or two or more properties are inundated by water or mudflow. If you do some research you will notice this is not how your homeowner's policy defines "water damage", which may be covered under your policy. If you are concerned by the risk of flood damage, or flood is mandated for you to carry (lender request, etc.) you can usually obtain a flood policy through several sources.
What will flood insurance cover me for?
What Options Do I have for Flood Insurance?
Did you know that most people who have flood insurance are likely through FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This is a Federal program which offers subsidized rates many homeowners looking to protect their homes from flood damage. If you do not have a flood policy now you should check with an agent to see what options you have. With new home closing documentation, an elevation certificate, and a down payment you can usually get covered in less than 30 days through NFIP.
If you currently have flood insurance through NFIP there are several other options (you are probably with NFIP if you have flood insurance now). Fortunately, this is no longer the only route to go if you are looking to protect your home from a destructive flood. Some homeowner's companies are now offering the option to bundle your home and flood onto one policy. This can benefit you in several ways, one of which is the possibility of a bundle discount! Also, new private companies have recently emerged who are willing to insure your home against the risk of flood. These private companies can offer you a lot more coverage for a reduced rate in many cases.
If you have not considered these alternative options then you should contact an agent who has multiple options for your Flood insurance. You may ultimately find out that NFIP is your cheapest option for your flood coverage, but don't leave money on the table just because you were afraid to ask!
Does my homeowners insurance policy offer flood coverage at a cheaper rate than my current NFIP policy?
What Do I Need to Get Flood Insurance?
Most policies start with a quote, and flood is no different. However, you may get stone walled by an agent if you call asking for a flood quote as there is usually a required form needed even to obtain a quote (from NFIP). This form is called an Elevation Certificate. You most likely will have to have a survey done (assuming one hasn't been done already) to get an Elevation Certificate which is needed when being quoted by an agent through the National Flood Insurance Program. Depending on your homes age and the city you live in one may be obtainable through a city official.
Fortunately, this is not always true as some private companies exist that may not require one for a quote. If you are having issues finding an agent to quote you without having access to an Elevation Certificate please feel free to call us.
Imagine you're shopping for a new home and through your search you discover the house of your dreams. Its right in your price range, perfect size, and it's even close to the water. You put a bid in on the house and it gets accepted! All the necessary inspections (home inspection, survey, appraisal, etc.) are being done as requested by your mortgage company. The survey comes in and your agent quotes you a flood insurance policy that costs over $3000 per year!
Fortunately, this may not be the end of road in your pursuit of your dream home. Depending on when your dream home was built, it may have been built in "compliance" at the time of its construction. What this means is that you may be able to get a lower rate on your flood insurance through NFIP based on its elevation and the flood maps in effect as of its completed construction. You will need the correct documentation, which isn't always readily available and can be hard to find in some cases. But the bottom line is this nightmare of an insurance situation may have a silver lining at the end. Don't be afraid to ask your agent, or find one that knows more on Grandfather your flood insurance.
Is my home eligible for "grandfather"?
What documentation is needed to "grandfather" my home's flood insurance?
Where can I find this documentation?
What is Covered by My Flood Insurance Policy?
Did you know that if your flood insurance is through National Flood Insurance Program (FEMA), most detached structures are not likely covered by your flood insurance policy? Your Flood policy most likely only has two coverage's listed, dwelling and contents. Dwelling is referred to as the primary building listed on the policy (main home), and does not include any detached structures such as a detached garage, storage shed, fence, etc. If a flood sweeps away your pool house which is a stand-alone second building on your property, you may be upset to find out this is not covered by your flood insurance. Also, something to note is that a standard NFIP flood insurance policy has your dwelling coverage capped at $250,000. If your home is worth more than that, you would be best to obtain excess flood coverage to make sure you are adequately insured.
Contents coverage can be included, but keep in mind that you may be capped at a max of $100,000 and you are insuring your contents at actual cash value. This valuation of your personal property means it will be depreciated and you will most likely receive pennies on the dollar for your valuable personal belongings in the event of a claim.
If you have questions on what is or is not covered on your flood policy, you should ask an agent to go over your policy with you. Also with many new private companies entering the flood insurance market there may be deals out there that provide you better coverage and in some cases a much lower cost.


text:
Q: how can i execute a node.js in cmd prompt? I am newbie in Node.js and started making hello world exercise. I have run into a problem, it is that I make a file with code 'console.log ("Hello World");' and saves it as a test. Then I open it in cmd and write node and then the node test, but for this answer ..... do not know why it does it, although I expect Hello World? I've tried and looking at the internet but can not find an answer to it.
I have install git and node.js.
hope someone can help me?

A: For example, if you save your file in `/home/toto/example.js with :
console.log('Hello World');

You just launch that by :
nodejs /home/toto/example.js
# or
cd /home/toto/
nodejs example.js

If the command nodejs is not found, test with the command node. It depend of your installation package.
node /home/toto/example.js
# or
cd /home/toto/
node example.js

A: 1.Save the helloword.js file into a directory of your choice for example the folder "home"
2.Go to the directory in command prompt where the "helloword.js" file is by with cd:
cd home

3.You can test if the file is there by typing:
ls (mac)

dir (windows)

4.If the file is there simply write
node helloworld.js

and you should be good!:)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Iran-Backed Houthis Take 'Several' Americans Hostage In Yemen
Jordan Schachtel
7 Sep 2015 Washington, DC
Yemeni Houthi jihadists have reportedly taken a number of Americans hostage in Yemen as they fight to take control of the country, the U.S. State Department confirmed Monday. One of the American captives has been identified.
Scott Darden, 45, is one of the captives, a source with knowledge of the ongoing hostage situation told CNN. He was captured by the Iran-backed Houthi militants in March, and they have yet to ask for a ransom, the source said.
The Houthi militants are notoriously anti-American, proven by their slogan: "God is Great, Death to America, Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews, Victory to Islam."
Darden, an Atlanta, Georgia native, was captured while working on humanitarian aid projects in the country.
"We are aware of reports that several U.S. citizens are detained in Yemen. Due to privacy considerations, we do not have any further personal details or information to share. The protection of U.S. citizens overseas is one of the Department of State's highest priorities. We strive to assist U.S. citizens detained abroad whenever possible," the U.S. State Department said of the hostage crisis.
Darden's employer, Transoceanic Development, released a statement on Monday, writing:
We have been working tirelessly since March with governments and other organizations globally to secure the release of Scott Darden, who was in Yemen coordinating the warehousing and delivery of humanitarian aid as part of his job in international logistics. We continue to call on the Houthis to immediately release Scott so that he can be reunited with his family.
Before American officials publicly confirmed that Mr. Darden had been taken hostage, Darden's wife, Diana Loesch, told the Washington Post: "We are asking for his safe return… He loved the Yemeni people."
In mid February, the United States abandoned its embassy in Yemen. Shortly thereafter, the embassy was ransacked by the Houthis, who took possession of several vehicles and weapons, according to reports.
Iran provides overt political support for the Houthis, and although the Islamic Republic denies providing military assistance to the group, reports have surfaced suggesting otherwise.
Israel / Middle EastNational SecurityAmerican hostageshostagesHouthisIranIslamjihadnational securitySana'aterrorismU.S. State DepartmentYemen


In the backyard of the Magen David Synagogue at Byculla, more than 20 local bakers have been working overtime in a makeshift kitchen since Monday.
Their hands covered with dough, the bakers are striving to complete 10,000 hand-made crackers of matzo, or unleavened bread, days ahead of Passover.
Passover, which will start on April 6, is an eight-day Jewish festival that commemorates the exodus of Jews from Egypt.
"The biblical narrative relates that the Jews left Egypt in such haste that they did not have the time to wait for the bread dough to rise," said Solomon Sopher, president and chairman of the city's two Baghdadi Jewish synagogues.
Thus, the Jews ate flat bread for the next eight days.
"Preparations to make the hand-made matzo crackers began early this week, almost ten days before the festivities," said Sopher, adding that the matzo symbolises freedom and redemption.
The matzo prepared at the Magen David Synagogue is distributed to Jews settled across the country including those in Mumbai, Goa, Cochin and Kolkata.
For community members such as Sharon Galsurkar, a Jewish educator, the matzo is prepared in his own house. "It is very similar to preparing chapattis. Owing to time constraints, some Jews also plan a community festive meal. We organise festive evenings during the eight days, where families get together and share their bread," said Galsurkar. "Each year, we also get boxes of Israeli machine-made matzos delivered to our homes. We then distribute it to other community members as a sign of freedom," he said.
Explaining the traditional technique to prepare the unleavened bread, Galsurkar said that the bread should not be allowed to bake for more than 18 minutes. "The water and flour mixture cannot be allowed to rest at any point in time. It is a continuous process, and the bread in the oven has to be removed seconds before it begins to rise," he said.


text:
Long-term Developmental Effects of Lactational Exposure to Lead Acetate on Ovary in Offspring Wistar Rats
Mehran Dorostghoal
Ahmad Ali Moazedi
Mehrnaz Moattari
During the last decades, environmental contamination by lead generated from human activities has become an evident concern. The present study assessed the long-term effects of neonatal exposure to different doses of lead acetate on the ovaries of offspring rats.
Pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups received 20, 100 and 300 mg/L/day lead acetate via drinking water during lactation. Ovaries of the offspring were removed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age, their weights recorded and fixed in Bouin's solution. Following tissue processing, 5 μm serial sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and then, the numbers and diameters of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea were estimated.
Ovary weights decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 300 mg/L/day dose groups at 30, 60 and 90 days postnatal development. Significant dose-related decreases were seen in the numbers of primary, secondary and antral follicles in 100 (p < 0.05) and 300 mg/L/day doses groups at 30 and 60 days of age (p < 0.01). There was significant decrease in mean number of corpora lutea in the 100 (p < 0.05) and 300 (p < 0.01) mg/L/day dose groups at 60 days of age. It seems that neonatal lead treatment has transient effects on follicular development in the ovary of offspring and ovarian parameters gradually improve until 90 days of age.
The present study showed that maternal lead acetate exposure affects prepubertal ovarian follicle development in a dose dependent manner, but ovarian parameters gradually improve during the postpubertal period.
Ovarian follicles
The female reproductive system and, therefore human fertility may be affected by exposure to environmental toxicants. In this regard, most attention has been paid to toxic environmental factors that cause ovarian toxicity (1). Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that trace metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury have the potential to disrupt ovarian function (2).
Lead is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant widely dispersed in the environment and remains in the biotope. Exposure to lead may be via contaminated food or water and fuel additives (3). Reports state that paint, gasoline, printing material and acid batteries (4), as well as some industries such as mining and the refining of plants (5) are the greatest sources of exposure to lead. It is well known that lead passes through the placenta from mother to fetus and accumulates in fetal tissues during gestation (6) and can be obtained through the milk during lactation (7).
Golmohammadi et al. found an association between mean concentrations in blood lead of mothers and newborns (8). Since gastrointestinal absorption may be increased during lactation, along with increased calcium absorption, practically all lead ingested in contaminated milk is absorbed by pups. However, it has been shown that increases in maternal blood lead levels during gestation do not affect the birth weight of neonates (9).
Lead can be concentrated in the cell nucleus, thus perturbing cell proliferation and DNA synthesis (10, 11). It is reported that the female gamete physiology in vitro is modified by exposure to very low levels of lead (12). Specific effects of lead on ovarian function have been observed in mice (5, 13), rats and monkeys (14-16). Longer and more variable menstrual cycles have been found in lead treated female Rhesus monkeys (17). Moreover, it has been shown that circulating levels of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) decline in prepubertal females exposed maternally to low levels of lead (4, 18, 19). In contrast, other investigators have detected little or no reproductive toxicity in adults when exposures were restricted to early developmental periods (20-22). The current study evaluates long-term effects of lactational exposure to different doses of lead acetate on ovarian development in offspring Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods Animals and treatments
The Ethics Committee of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz approved this research project. Forty female Wistar rats were obtained from the animal house of the Jundishapour Medical Sciences University of Ahwaz and kept under specific conditions on a constant 12-hour light/dark cycle and at a controlled temperature of 22 ± 2°C. All rats had unlimited access to standard pellet food (Pars Co.) and distilled water. After acclimatizing to the laboratory conditions for one week, female Wistar rats (100 ± 10 days old) were mated overnight at a proportion of three females per male. After childbirth, mothers and their pups were randomly divided into four equal groups: control and three treatment groups that received 20, 100 and 300 mg/L/day lead acetate (Merk Co.) in drinking water from day 1 to day 21 of the lactational period. Doses were established from related studies of reproductive toxicity. Then, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age five pups were randomly selected, weighed and under chloroform (Merk Co.) inhalation anesthesia, their left and right ovaries were removed, trimmed of fat and extraneous tissue, weighed and fixed by immersion in Bouin's solution for 24 hours.
Microscopic study
Following tissue processing, 5 μm serial paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin- eosin. For microscopic analysis, sections were selected using a non-random 10% sampling. Numbers of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea were counted in each 10th section of the ovary (23), so that each counted section was separated by a distance of approximately 50-60 μm from the next 10th section. Differential follicle counting and categorizing was performed by a blinded person. Ovarian follicles were classified on the basis of ovarian follicle morphology. Follicles that contained a single layer of squamous follicular cells were considered as primordial; the primary follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells; the secondary follicle contains more than one layer of follicular cells around the oocyte and the antrum was not present; and the follicles containing scattered spaces or a distinct antrum were considered as antral (24). All follicles counted were classified as either healthy or atretic, respectively; according to the absence or presence of signs of oocyte and/or granular degeneration, such as pyknosis of the nucleus and infolding of the cell wall in the oocyte, ingression of granulosa cells within the antral cavity, pulling away of granulosa cells from the basement membrane, infolding and thickening of base membrane and uneven layers of granulosa cells (25).
For measuring the diameter of ovarian follicles in each developmental stage, 45 microscopic fields were randomly chosen in each rat. Then, using an ocular micrometer of light microscopy (Olympus EH), at a magnification of ×10, the largest and smallest diameters of each ovarian follicle were measured and the mean was calculated. To avoid counting the same follicle more than once, only individual follicles having an oocyte with a nucleus were evaluated, and we measured the size of the follicles in which the oocyte was present with an ocular micrometer.
All data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.0 for Windows. The data in different groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test was used as a post hoc test. Differences were considered to be significant when p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001.
Mean body weight showed significant decreases in the highest dose group at 30 (p<0.001), 60 (p<0.01) and 90 and 120 (p<0.05) days of age in comparison with control group. Significant (p<0.05) decreases were observed in the moderate dose group at 30 days of age in comparison with the control group (Table 1).
There were significant differences between mean relative ovary weight in the 300 mg/L/day dose group and control group at 30, 60 and 90 (p<0.05) days of postnatal development (Table 1). No statistically significant differences were seen between mean relative ovary weight in the 20 and 100 mg/L/day dose groups at different stages of postnatal development.
Mean number of primordial follicles was higher significantly at 30 days of age in 100 (p<0.01) and 300 (p<0.001) mg/L/day dose groups and at 60 (p<0.01) and 90 (p<0.05) days of age in the 300 mg/L/day dose group in comparison with the control group (Table 2).
Mean ± SEM body weight (g) and relative ovary weight (%) in control and neonatal lead-treated offspring Wistar rats during different stages of postnatal development
Days of age
Relativeovary weight
Control (a) 30 28.37 ± 0.71cd 0.055 ± 0.003d
60 79.96 ± 1.62d 0.046 ± 0.001d
120 95.12 ± 2.16d 0.050 ± 0.002
20 mg/L/day(b) 30 24.54 ± 0.18d 0.053 ± 0.003
60 77.91 ± 1.27d 0.045 ± 0.003
120 91.65 ± 2.01 0.050 ± 0.001
100 mg/L/day(c) 30 20.47 ± 0.35a** 0.052 ± 0.002
60 74.66 ± 2.80 0.043 ± 0.001
300 mg/L/day(d) 30 17.26 ± 1.50ab*** 0.050 ± 0.002a*
60 69.29 ± 1.24ab** 0.040 ± 0.002a*
90 75.82 ± 1.16ab* 0.047 ± 0.003a*
120 85.42 ± 2.36a* 0.048 ± 0.001
Different letters indicates significant (p<0.05) differences between groups.
*Significant difference between control and treatment groups. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001
Mean ± SEM number of ovarian follicles in control and neonatal lead-treated offspring Wistar rats during different stages of postnatal development
Primordial F.
Primary F.
Secondary F.
Antral F.
Control(a) 30 12.30 ± 0.27cd 17.30 ± 0.25cd 17.20 ± 0.35cd 6.63 ± 0.41cd
60 12.07 ± 0.23c 16.97 ± 0.21d 15.80 ± 0.48d 6.93 ± 0.47d
90 11.97 ± 0.15d 16.55 ± 0.38d 15.87 ± 0.25bd 6.97 ± 0.46d
120 11.32 ± 0.20 15.43 ± 0.23 16.64 ± 0.45 7.65 ± 0.50
20 mg/L/day(b) 30 12.36 ± 0.25c 17.11 ± 0.38d 16.92 ± 0.22d 5.39 ± 0.15d
60 12.63 ± 0.21 16.56 ± 0.27 15.44 ± 0.28 6.58 ± 0.23d
100mg/L/day(c) 30 14.87 ± 0.36a** 13.03 ± 0.21a* 13.79 ± 0.42a* 4.67 ± 0.22a*
60 12.79 ± 0.28 15.34 ± 0.32 14.13 ± 0.45 4.03 ± 0.31a*
90 12.10 ± 0.16 16.20 ± 0.62 15.23 ± 0.60 5.83 ± 0.26
300mg/L/day(d) 30 15.63 ± 0.26a*** 12.53 ± 0.30ab** 11.80 ± 0.38ab** 3.4 ± 0.20ab**
60 15.52 ± 0.42a** 13.12 ± 0.31a* 12.31 ± 0.43a* 4.86 ± 0.31ab*
90 13.07 ± 0.32a* 15.01 ± 0.55 14.73 ± 0.54 5.50 ± 0.28
Mean (±SEM) number of ovarian follicles in control and neonatal lead-treated offspring Wistar rats during different stages of postnatal development
Control(a) 30 21.40 ± 0.66 52.61 ± 0.55 99.40 ± 4.60cd 207.17 ± 4.05cd
60 22.93 ± 0.75 52.57 ± 0.75 103.00 ± 2.26d 232.00 ± 3.34cd
90 22.50 ± 0.74 52.57 ± 0.69 106.87 ± 3.27d 237.00 ± 5.23d
120 21.42 ± 0.80 52.56 ± 0.54 108.33 ± 3.30 244.54 ± 4.14
20 mg/L/day(b) 30 21.30 ± 0.37 52.30 ± 0.51 98.10 ± 2.25d 205.36 ± 3.14d
60 22.57 ± 0.46 51.92 ± 0.63 100.33 ± 1.88 225.97 ± 2.20d
100mg/L/day(c) 30 21.13 ± 0.64 52.34 ± 0.46 90.16 ± 4.53a* 193.50 ± 4.41a*
60 22.90 ± 0.74 52.11 ± 0.71 97.67 ± 1.82 217.33 ± 6.63a*
90 22.45 ± 0.73 51.76 ± 0.52 100.67 ± 3.70 229.67 ± 9.83
300mg/L/day(d) 30 20.27 ± 0.44 52.18 ± 0.54 87.83 ± 2.90ab** 188.15 ± 2.89ab**
60 22.68 ± 0.52 51.69 ± 0.33 96.03 ± 2.50a* 209.63 ± 2.10ab**
90 21.86 ± 0.65 51.55 ± 0.52 98.33 ± 3.29ab* 222.33 ± 2.34ab*
* Significant difference between control and treatment groups. *p<0.5, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
Comparison of mean ± SEM number of atretic follicles and corpus luteum in control and neonatal lead-treated offspring Wistar rats during different stages of postnatal development. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001.
Histological sections of ovarian follicles in ovary of offspring Wistar rats at 60 days of age in control group (hematoxyline & eosin); primordial (A) (scale bar: 20 μm), primary (B) (scale bar: 100 μm), secondary (C) (scale bar: 100 μm) and antral (D) (scale bar: 100 μm) follicles.
Significant decreases were observed in the mean numbers of primary, secondary and antral follicles at 30 days of age in 100 (p<0.05) and 300 (p<0.01) mg/L/day dose groups and at 60 (p<0.05) days of age in the 300 mg/L/day dose group in comparison with the control group (Table 2). There was no significant difference between the mean numbers of ovarian follicles in the 20 mg/L/day dose group and control group at different stages of postnatal development.
In addition, the means of secondary and antral follicle diameters decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the 100 mg/L/day dose group at 30 (p<0.05) days of age and in the 300 mg/L/day dose group at 30 (p<0.01), 60 and 90 (p<0.05) days of age in comparison with the control group (Table 3).
There were significant increases in the mean number of atretic follicles at 30 days of age in 100 (p<0.01) and 300 (p<0.001) mg/L/day dose groups and at 60 (p<0.01) and 90 (p<0.05) days of postnatal development in the 300 mg/L/day dose group in comparison with the control group (Figes1, 2 and 3).
Significant decreases were seen in the mean number of corpora lutea in 100 (p<0.05) and 300 (p<0.01) mg/L/day dose groups at 60 days of age in comparison with the control group (Fig 1).
During recent decades concerns have been raised about human infertility that might stem from exposure to environmental contamination. Exposure to environmental contamination prior and after the initiation of pregnancy, and during the early period of postnatal development could affect reproductive efficacy of offspring (26). Although few studies have been performed in women, several cases of lead poisoning have been associated with sterility, miscarriage, abortion, premature delivery and infant mortality (27, 28). The present study showed that maternal lead acetate exposure affects prepubertal ovarian follicle development in a dose-related manner and can reduce fertility and reproductive efficiency of offspring Wistar rats.
Mean body weight of the offspring decreased significantly in neonatal lead treatment of Wistar rats, particularly in the 300 mg/L/day dose group. Ronis et al. observed that lead exposure during pregnancy and lactation resulted in significant dose-responsive decreases in birth weight and crown-to-rump length in all litters of the treatment group (20). Cezard and Haguenoer reported that lead intoxication resulted in body weight reduction caused by a loss of appetite (29).
Neonatal lead treatment caused dose-related reductions of ovaries' relative weights in offspring rats. It seems that these reductions may be due to dosedependent increases of atretic follicles, as well as decreases of secondary and antral follicular diameters in the ovaries of rats' offspring. McGivern et al. and El Feki et al. have shown that ovarian weight reduces in offspring exposed maternally to low levels of lead (30, 31). Mansouri has reported that lead treatment causes follicular atresia, reduction of tertiary follicle size, loosening of junctions between granulosa cells and destruction and degeneration of oocytes (32). Azarnia et al. found that the number of atretic follicles increased significantly (p<0.05) in NMRI mice exposed to lead acetate at a dose of 10 mg/kg/week for 15 weeks (33).
The present study showed that neonatal lead treatment reduced the number of primary, secondary and antral follicles in the ovaries of offspring rats, particularly in the 300 mg/L/day dose group. Junaid et al. showed that low lead acetate levels reduced small and medium follicle numbers and high levels resulted in fewer large follicles numbers in mice (34). Dose-dependent reductions of growing follicles and the presence of higher numbers of primordial follicles suggest that neonatal lead treatment inhibits transition from the primordial to primary follicle stage. In addition, neonatal lead treatment causes a reduction in number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of offspring rats at puberty.
McGivern et al. and El-Feki et al. found that maternal exposure to low lead levels causes fewer corpora lutea and abnormal estrous cycles in offspring (30, 31). Also, a significant decrease in serum progesterone levels was seen in female Rhesus monkeys exposed to lead acetate for 75 months via drinking water, indicating that luteal function was blocked by lead (13).
Overall, these data suggest that neonatal lead treatment inhibits follicular development in the ovaries of offspring in a dose-related manner. Ercal et al. observed that chronic exposure to lead damaged primordial and medium follicles and arrested follicular development in Rhesus monkeys (35). Crystel et al. showed that even low doses of lead provoked an inhibition in folliculogenesis leading to dysfunction of this process (36). It has been reported that lead acetate reduces the number of primordial follicles and increases atretic antral follicle number in mice (5). In rats the formation of primordial follicles is completed by around postnatal day 3 or 4 (37). During postnatal development some of primordial follicles grew and primary, preantral and antral follicles were seen in the ovaries from 9 to 20 days of age (38). The first estrus and ovulation occured between 35-42 days of age (39).
However, the present study showed no significant differences in numbers of growing follicles and corpora lutea at 90 and 120 days of age in the treatment groups. Additionally, the mean numbers of secondary and antral follicles, and ovarian weight in the treatment groups normalized until 120 days of age in comparison with 30 days of age. In this regard, Mansouri and Abdennour have shown that increase of exposure time to lead caused more toxic effects to gametes (32). It seems that lead has transient effects on follicular development in the ovary of offspring and ovarian parameters become better gradually until 120 days of age. Thus, our results show the reversibility of toxic effects of neonatal lead treatment on the follicular development in ovaries of offspring rats. Also, Piasek and Kostial concluded that the adverse reproductive action of lead is reversible after withdrawal of adult female Albino rats from exposure (40).
Consequently, the present study shows that maternal lead acetate exposure during lactation affects prepubertal ovarian follicle development in a dose dependent manner, but ovarian parameters become better gradually during the postpubertal period.
Dorostghoal, M., Moazedi, A., Moattari, M. (2011). Long-term Developmental Effects of Lactational Exposure to Lead Acetate on Ovary in Offspring Wistar Rats. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 5(1), 39-46.
Mehran Dorostghoal; Ahmad Ali Moazedi; Mehrnaz Moattari. "Long-term Developmental Effects of Lactational Exposure to Lead Acetate on Ovary in Offspring Wistar Rats". International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 5, 1, 2011, 39-46.
Dorostghoal, M., Moazedi, A., Moattari, M. (2011). 'Long-term Developmental Effects of Lactational Exposure to Lead Acetate on Ovary in Offspring Wistar Rats', International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 5(1), pp. 39-46.
Dorostghoal, M., Moazedi, A., Moattari, M. Long-term Developmental Effects of Lactational Exposure to Lead Acetate on Ovary in Offspring Wistar Rats. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 2011; 5(1): 39-46.


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I am back from Sin City got back early this morning at about 12:30 am. Woke up this morning and was back on the day to day grind. I have been hydrating all day with my favorite Zico Pure Premium Coconut Water!! I just finished at work and am pretty exhausted. Here are some pics and a little recap of Olympia weekend. I had a blast!
Arriving in Vegas with my husband Christopher.. Do you love our new matching kicks? Yup they glow in the dark too!
Being goofy with my teammate Alea Suarez in our new O.F.F Challenge shirts we love!
Thursday: Went to check ins midday! I love the fact that we get "Olympia" jackets! Feel like a BAMF wearing them hehe! Also my sponsor Bodybuilding.com surprised me and fellow teammates Alicia Harris and Ali Rosen with our hoodies that had our name embroidered in the front! It was very nice of them. I got to reunite with my manager J.M. Manion and the rest of my FMG team right before "Meet the Olympians" meeting. I had such a great time here. I remember my first time going to the "meet the Olympians" back when I first turned pro and being so inspired by all the pros. I couldn't wait until the day I was sitting behind those tables signing autographs. I got teary eyed because I had some sweet girls come up to me and tell me I was all over their vision boards and that I inspire them. It is such a rewarding feeling to know that I can inspire people all over the world. I want to continue to do this and let others know that they too can do anything if they set their minds to it. I feel that if I have the voice to do it then why not?
Our surprise hoodies from Bodybuilding.com!
I must say me and Nathalia had the coolest kicks of the night! My shoes even glow in the dark lol!
Classic gangsta pic with Adela, Alea, and Dianna!
Friday: Show time! LIGHTS! CAMERA! ACTION! hehe This was the show day. Although I didn't place I had an amazing time with all the girls backstage and onstage. For me it is just an honor to be on that Olympia stage! I would be lying if I said I didn't want to place but sometimes you win sometimes you don't. As long as I had a great experience is all that matters to me! I was very happy for my coach for winning her 6th Fitness Olympia and for Alea being in the top 15 her first Figure Olympia! These ladies are wonderful and talented and deserve it!
After prejudging I always Look forward to seeing my hubby right around the corner to surprise me! I love him so much he supports me in all of my shows!
Classic Bathroom pic with our coach as she got dolled up before going on stage to collect her trophy and check!
Saturday: This day was fun as well! I got to do a signing with fellow team athlete Ali Rosen at noon! It makes me feel good when even guys come up to me for workout advice. Ali and I always have so much fun together when we get the chance to work together. We always get glammed up together before work. It is now our ritual to get glamified together before any bodybuilding.com event;) Love her mucho! At night I went and supported Alea at Figure Finals followed by the Olympia Gala where I hung out with more FMG sistas!
Bodybuilding.com made us cool banners yay!
I love these girls so much! Oh and that cupcake! #kidding!
muah Love these ladies too!
Sunday: Last day in Sin City.I got to sleep in and man did it feel good! Me and Chris had brunch with Alea and her husband Aziel at the cutest place called Serendipity 3. It was cute, pink, and had hello kitty everywhere! I didn't take pics with my camera but as soon as I get them from Alea I will post them! We had a mini feast there not going to lie and it was good and deserving!
All in all I feel happy that I got to grace the Olympia stage for a second year in a row now. Next weekend is my bridal shower in Austin so this week I am getting ready for that. I hope my dress comes in time! eeekkkk! Keep put I will post pics from the bridal shower for my next blog! Thank you for reading and don't forget to subscribe to my blog so you get notified everytime I write a new one!


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Q: Exceptions to filters/sorting in ag-grid I have a very large set of data that I'm rendering using ag-grid. Without going into too much detail, some elements in the data set have references to others and should be displayed in the grid if the element they are linked to passes the filters that are currently applied. So if element A is linked to element B, element A should display if B passes the filters, whether A passes the filters itself or not.
Is there a built-in way to do this with ag-grid without making custom filters for every column? I believe I could just make every column filter by the 'parent' element's values in the case of these linked elements, but that would take a lot of work and I'm wondering if there's a better way.
Additionally, these linked elements would appear in the grid right below the element they're linked to, so for all intents and purposes they would be treated as equal to their parent elements in the case of sorting.
It seems like this kind of functionality might be possible with rowspanning, but ag-grid's rowspanning seems a little clunky to me, in that the documentation itself says that sorting and filtering will behave weirdly when rowspanning is used. Also, implementing rowspanning with ag-grid seems pretty counterintuitive so I would like to avoid it if possible.
(using ag-grid with Angular 6)


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New park rises from ashes of former Rustic Mill site
Written by Jackson County Chronicle
A green space and gathering place will be created out of the ashes of a restaurant destroyed in an arson fire in 2011, according to a recent briefing for the Friends of the Black River.
Town of Albion Chair Leonard Olson and supervisors Tom Tomter and Dan Hannan presented an update of the park project planned for the former Rustic Mill restaurant site located on State Hwy. 54, south of Black River Falls.
Before being remodeled in the 1960s, the Rustic Mill was the Charter Oak Mill. Built in the mid-19th century, the grist mill ground grain for area farmers.
"A lot of us have good memories of the Rustic Mill," FBR member Grady Gutknecht said.
After the fire, charred wreckage remained piled on the site until this year. Acting on complaints the wreckage was a public nuisance and an eyesore, the town pressed the county to allow it to remove the debris.