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Panic Erupts: Infigen Set to Offload Worn-Out Australian Wind Farms to Even 'Greater Fools'
May 30, 2016 by stopthesethings 6 Comments
Infigen's happier times …
In the hard-hitting Danish docu-drama, Follow the Money, the Armani suited executives of Energreen play a game of cat and mouse with the Fraud Squad, pumping up the value of their wind farm 'assets', while erasing anything from their books that investors might reasonably conclude were liabilities. Some viewers might call it 'creative accounting', others good old-fashioned 'fraud'.
The apparent purpose of Energreen's book keeping shenanigans is to lure in a steady stream of gullible investors to keep the whole circus afloat, long enough for those at the top of the Pyramid to line their pockets and set up bolt-holes in Brazil (or any other sunny place without an extradition treaty).
In terms of duping creditors and investors Energreen's on-screen exploits aren't that far from the truth. Wind back the clock on the story of Australia's most notorious wind power outfit, Infigen and its 'Phoenix' rising start and the parallels are uncanny.
In 2009 Infigen magically emerged from the ashes of Babcock & Brown (which took creditors and investors for a lazy $10 billion). Despite its ashen origins Infigen hardly set the world on fire, managing to destroy $millions in shareholder value, in a matter of months.
Drowning in debt, it was forced by its financiers to offload its US wind farm 'assets' in a fire sale last year (see our post here). Hoping to pocket over $500 million from that sale, it collected a little over half that – adding further to its balance sheet's woes. It then went on to lose another $304 million last year – blaming its dwindling revenue on, of all things, the WIND! (see our post here): that dismal result took its total losses to a lazy $448 million, since 2011.
However, for all the delusional confidence exuded by Miles George & Co about Infigen and its wind power 'assets', it seems that its owners are hell-bent on getting out before yet another Ponzi scheme collapses. Here's a scene from Follow the Money Downunder.
Infigen Energy ramps up efforts to find potential buyer, funding partners
Sarah Thompson, Anthony Macdonald & Joyce Moullakis
There has been a formal expressions of interest round to flush out a buyer for all or parts of ASX-listed Infigen Energy, sources told Street Talk.
Street Talk can reveal that Infigen's house-adviser, Lazard, wrote to potentially interested parties seeking formal expressions of interest in the company.
It's understood those interested parties were asked to provide details on who they were, the nature of their interest in Infigen and any foreign investment hurdles they may have to overcome to make an investment in the company or one of its assets.
The expressions of interest were due in mid-April, multiple sources told Street Talk, and was to be followed by a potential bid stage should the company have received sufficient response.
It is understood the process was aimed at parties who had been seeking an Australian renewable energy investment, including Chinese energy companies in and around renewables auctions.
Infigen has made no secret of its desire to consider all options, in what's widely seen to be an exciting time for the company.
Infigen's shares have been on a strong run as expectations grow of strong earnings growth thanks to underlying electricity market conditions. Much of Infigen's merchant capacity is located in South Australia, where wholesale electricity prices have been rising thanks to a number of changes among existing market participants.
Infigen has also benefited from the rising price of renewable energy certificates – or LGCs – which are expected to fuel the company's bottom line.
As Street Talk reported earlier this month, there is also growing expectation of corporate activity around Infigen. The company's largest shareholder, The Children's Investment Fund Management, is seen to be a seller at the right price, while prices for renewables assets more generally have been strong.
There are also few ways for new entrants to play the Australian energy market, particularly if they are after coal-light options.
The hotly contested sale of Pacific Hydro by IFM Investors to China's State Power Investment Corporation in a deal said to be worth more than $3 billion, including debt, left several suitors standing on the sidelines in late 2015.
How very 'Energreen'!
Claiming that its wind farm assets are 'hot property' doesn't quite sit with its disorderly rush to sell.
As there are just a few factors overlooked by the AFR – that potential buyers ought to know about Infigen's 'assets' – STT is more than happy to fill in the blanks. What follows provides a far better explanation for Infigen's 'sell at all costs', fire sale.
First, there is the small matter of its banker. Most Australian wind power outfits, Infigen no exception, have bank facilities which either expire this year or next.
STT hears that Australia' commercial banks are refusing to even consider rolling over their existing facilities with wind power outfits. As the terms of these facilities expire, the wind power outfit concerned has a choice: it can either find another banker willing to lend; or cash in its assets and repay the loan.
That RATCH, Pacific Hydro and AGL have already cashed out (see our post here), and Infigen is about to put its wind farms on the block, suggests that they were unable to find another willing lender (at least one willing to lend at a commercial rate of interest); and, therefore, had no other option but to flog their "assets" ASAP, in order satisfy their lender's demands (by repaying the outstanding loan in full). It was either that or a date with their Bank's receivers.
STT also hears that Australia's Commercial Banks have taken the view that – unless Hell freezes over – they will never again put up any finance for any new wind farm projects, on any terms. The reason being that which bankers avoid at all events: R-I-S-K – namely the risk that the LRET subsidies, upon which the wind industry critically depends, will inevitably have to be scrapped (see our post here).
Another classic piece from the Energreen playbook is the line that Infigen is perfectly situated to benefit from its wind farm assets in "South Australia, where wholesale electricity prices have been rising thanks to a number of changes among existing market participants".
Always ready to rain on Infigen's parade, while it is true that the average wholesale price is now fully double that of neighbouring Victoria, the fact of the matter is that in South Australia spot prices plummet whenever the wind blows.
With 1,477 MW of capacity, when the wind is blowing – without much warning and for spurts of a few hours at a stretch – SA's 17 wind farms can deliver around 500 to 1,000 MW of that capacity, which literally floods the market, sending spot prices below zero.
In the last 12 months or so, wind power outfits in SA have been literally paying the grid operator to take their skittish wares; on occasions up to $20 per MWh delivered.
That kind of negative-revenue largess is only made possible where a wind power outfit is in a long-term Power Purchase Agreement with the retailer, under which the price is fixed at more than $110 per MWh.
For every MWh delivered, the wind power outfit receives a REC which it hands over to the retailer: RECs (or LGCs) are currently trading at around $80. It's that subsidy driven perversity that has South Australia paying the highest power prices in Australia, by a factor of two, and has its grid on the brink of collapse. For a detailed analysis of SA's government mandated power market chaos (see our post here).
Commercial retailers haven't signed a PPA with a wind power outfit since November 2012 and have no intention of doing so: turning their backs on the wind to face the Sun (see our post here).
So, outside of a PPA there is no way a wind power outfit could break even by selling into an open spot market on 'merchant' terms. With the market delivery of wind power an all or nothing, weather driven affair, for wind power outfits selling electricity on a windy day or night is like trying to sell ice to Inuit in winter.
Of course, on the hundreds of occasions each year when SA's wind farms are producing close to nothing, or nothing at all (see above and below), Infigen & its ilk have NOTHING to sell. It's pretty hard to participate in a perversely 'buoyant' power market unless you can actually deliver:
The other thing that has Infigen mimicking Energreen is the fact that its ageing fleet of turbines are all out of warranty, which will leave any unwitting buyer with spiralling maintenance and replacement costs.
Wind power outfits still make wild claims about these things running on the smell of an oily rag and lasting for 25 years or more, needing little more than a hug from time to time. However, the operations and maintenance cost of these things, as reported by Infigen, is around $25 per MWh (hardly the zero marginal cost claimed by wind cultists!); and their turbines will be lucky to have an economic life of anything more than 10 years.
Hepburn Wind's crack maintenance team deliver scheduled hugs.
When a 3½ year old Suzlon S88 turbine at Infigen's Woodlawn wind farm died of premature bearing failure last year, on 'message' and true to form, one of its spruikers first claimed that its turbines run for "25-plus-years"; and then went on to claim that a wind turbine seen with its blades removed "had a failure of the main bearing. This is the only known failure of this turbine type and is very rare for wind turbines in general. The cause is still being investigated".
The furphy concerning the rarity of bearing failure is pretty easy to skewer: mechanical wear and tear, including bearing failure is one of the most common reasons for turbines to be put out of action; and is one of the key factors that accounts for the fact that the 'economic' life of wind turbines is 10-12 years, which runs contrary to Infigen & Co's wild claims about them lasting for "25-plus years" (see our post here and this paper).
Top flight German fan maker, Siemens booked a €223 million write down (ie loss) in 2014 due to the fact it has had to replace bearings in a fleet of turbines that were less than 2 years old. Siemens talking about the loss said: "The charge is related to inspecting and replacing bearings due to the early degradation in certain turbine models. We believe this is related to recent batches of bearings and we are in discussions with the supplier" (see our post here).
For potentially willing buyers (read 'dupes'), here's some detail on the 'assets' Infigen is so keen to offload.
The turbines Infigen speared into the communities at Woodlawn and Capital in NSW are all Suzlon S88s – just about the worst designed and built turbine there is.
Suzlon – aka Suzlon REPower, aka Senvion – have planted hundreds of its S88s all over the Australian countryside: in addition to those Infigen operate in NSW, Trustpower planted 47 at Snowtown, in South Australia's Mid-North; and AGL speared a hundred or so into SA's Mid-North, around Jamestown and Hallett.
To keep their workings lubricated and operating, wind turbine gearboxes have oil-reservoirs, like the sump in a car engine, and – like a car engine – the oil needs to be drained and changed on a regular basis.
At Woodlawn and Capital – the wind farms Australia's former Treasurer, Joe Hockey rightly called "utterly offensive" – STT's operatives informed us that the maintenance crew – charged with the job of changing the oil in Infigen's Suzlon S88 turbines there – have found the task getting more difficult over time.
Apparently, the gearboxes are wearing out a whole lot faster than expected, with metal filings gumming up the oil-reservoirs; which has mechanics resorting to special efforts to first clear away the ground-up metal, in order to get the metal/oil mixture to drain out of the oil-reservoir.
Repairs, general maintenance, metal fatigue, wear and tear, blade and bearing failure all cost – and, together, help make intermittent, unreliable and intermittent wind power insanely expensive; and smash to bits the wind industry's nauseating falsehood about wind power being "free".
As noted, wind farm operating costs are typically in the range of $25 per MWh dispatched to the grid. And due to the need for repairs to blades, gearboxes, generators, cooling systems, etc – or wholesale replacement thereof – that cost naturally increases over the life of the turbines used.
In its Energreen-like P&L Statement for 2013 (click here for the pdf) Infigen set out the financial "performance" of its American and Australian operations. From page 26, here's Table 16 relating to its Australian operations, where it reports "Operating Cost (A$/MWh) as $23.93 for 2012/13 compared to an "Average Price" of electricity sold of $96.57 per MWh.
From page 29, here's Table 20 where, on total operating costs of $36.3 million, $17.2 million is attributed to "Turbine O&M" (ie operation and maintenance); $0.9 million to "Balance of plant"; and $7.5 million to "Other direct costs". Infigen's US operations reported similar operating costs of US$24.18 per MWh for 2012/13 (refer to Infigen's report at page 20 and Table 15 on page 24).
In 2015, Infigen's financials told much the same tale (and, ironically, included a veiled curse on the Wind Gods for its falling revenues):
Bear in mind that wind farm operating costs of $24-25 per MWh compare with the ability of Victorian coal fired power generators to profitably deliver power to the grid at less than $25 per MWh.
The bulk of wind farm operating costs are taken up by maintenance and repairs: see Table 20 above (and see our post here for more detail).
Although some 'repairs' are more costly than others – if a 'repair' is possible, that is.
In this post we reported on a cluster of Suzlon S88s at a wind farm in Nicaragua that burst into flames and threw their blades to the four-winds – after which, one of them collapsed and hit the deck – all in spectacular fashion: the cause was said to be a "failure in their emergency braking systems".
Then there's the cost of a more mundane class of 'repairs'.
The pictures below are of the bits and worn out pieces of Suzlon S88s taken at Suzlon's yard in Jamestown, South Australia.
The picture above is of the gearbox assembly of a Suzlon S88 that literally ground itself to a halt at (what was then) AGL's Hallett 2 wind farm in SA. The main ring-gear in the planetary section split into multiple pieces, destroyed the housing and sent about 250 litres of gear oil – contained in the housing – raining down the inside of the tower.
The turbine in question was out of action for over 3 months: the replacement was under warranty, meaning Suzlon was liable to stump up for the cost of doing so. That it took so long is no wonder, as Suzlon – which suffered India's biggest convertible-bond default in 2012 – was seriously struggling then and isn't in any better shape now – even a name change to "Senvion" hasn't helped.
As well as the gearbox self-destruction episode at Hallett 2, the 34 Suzlon's S88s used there suffered a raft of generator failures, all requiring complete replacements.
STT's SA operatives tell us that there are at least 3 of those 34 turbines that have not been operating for months now. The fact that there has been no attempt to repair or replace whatever is wrong with them suggests the cost of doing so is substantial and is not covered by the manufacturer's warranty.
The photo above is of 4 'worn out' generator assemblies from Hallett 2's S88s that were replaced some time ago. The photo below is of a suite of new generator assemblies lined up to ready to replace other failed or failing S88 generators.
The gearbox and generator failures in Suzlon's S88s at Hallett 2 (a wind farm that only started operating in June 2009), stand alongside what was the wholesale replacement of blades at the Hallett 1 (Brown Hill) wind farm south of Jamestown. There, 45 Suzlon S88s were used; commencing operation in April 2008. Not long into their operation, stress fractures began appearing in the 44m long blades; Suzlon claimed that there was a "design fault" and was forced by AGL to replace the blades on all 45 turbines, under warranty.
That probably just about covers the story pitched up by Infigen about the "rarity" of wind turbine breakdowns – especially in relation to the highly 'reliable' Suzlon S88s that it uses in NSW.
Buyers ought to also note that the Suzlon S88s Infigen operates at Woodlawn will celebrate their 5th birthdays in October this year; and that those it operates at Capital tuned 6 in January this year. And with that in mind consider what's left of the useful economic life of Infigen's South Australian wind farm 'assets', the bulk of which are much older than its Suzlons in NSW.
Its SA 'assets' – comprising 112 ageing Vestas turbines at Lake Bonney in the South-East – are 11, soon to be 8 and 6 years old, respectively: Stage 1 (80.5 MW), March 2005; Stage 2 (159 MW), September 2008; and Stage 3 (39 MW), July 2010. Its wind farm at Geraldton in Western Australia has been steadily grinding away for more than a decade.
Scratch the surface on what is really on offer here, and Infigen's hurried sales pitch has all the persuasive pizazz of the gold-toothed grin that accompanies the suburban second-hand car salesman's line about a 30 year-old BMW being "good for at least another 100,000 kms, or so".
In getting the AFR to add some second-hand car yard 'shine' to its wind farm portfolio, Infigen are clearly hoping to get out of a brewing financial disaster by way of the "greater fool theory", that vendors of toxic assets rely on when they're looking to ditch them in a hurry.
STT's salient warning to the cashed up and foolhardy: caveat emptor!
Oh, almost forgot, they spontaneously combust, too
Filed Under: Australia, Big wind industry, Big wind politics Tagged With: Alinta wind farm, Anthony Macdonald AFR, Capital wind farm, Greens 100% renewable, Hepburn wind farm, infigen creditors, Infigen Energy, Infigen wind farms, investing in wind farms, investing in wind power, investor risk wind farm, Joyce Moullakis AFR, labor 50% renewable target, Lake Bonney wind farm, Miles George, risks of investing in wind power companies, Sarah Thompson AFR, The Children's Investment Fund Management, wind power in Australia, Woodlawn wind farm
« South Australia: Proving Wind Power a Recipe for Social & Economic Disaster
Kathleen Wynne's Ontario Wind Power Fantasy Doubles Power Prices »
About stopthesethings
We are a group of citizens concerned about the rapid spread of industrial wind power generation installations across Australia.
william gray says:
WHAT ELSE IS NEW. SHOW ME THE MONEY IS THE WIND TURBINE COMPANIES' MANTRA. ALL WE CAN HOPE IS THAT THE IDIOTS IN POWER SEE THE LIGHT.
Bon says:
Like Jack and the Beanstalk the wind weasels believe they have a right to never ending rivers of subsidy money scammed from Australian power users. They don't and sooner or later their stairway to heaven is gonna come tumbling down!
One of your best articles to date. I'll be referring people to this one on other forums.
This is the kind of detail needed to demolish the lies of wind carpet-baggers.
All politicians should read it.
Anthony Gardner says:
I can see 4 Capital turbines from my residence (at 11 kms). I look at them every day to remind me of the proposed Jupiter wind farm which will be much closer. Earlier this month, in a very windy period, one of the 4 was down for close on 2 weeks.
Routine preventative maintenance I guess.
windy scams breaking the bank … | pindanpost says:
[…] Australian wind farm companies going broke […]
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Ticklish Ears » Blog Archive » You want jargon?
This makes my point that the academics still have a long way to go.
'I have been out of the loop and want to touch base on whether we are in that best practice ballpark that would empower us to proactively revisit the bottom line of strategic fit, to think outside the box, ….
That's a piece of the "winning entry" in their contest to squeeze as many "weasel words" into one sentence.
– University of New South Wales Strategic Plan 2005, which is not time-limited.
This entry was posted on Sunday, July 31st, 2005 at 11:28 pm	and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
David at Ticklish Ears isn't impressed by the edu-jargon drinking game and proceeds to use his government and industry experience to one-up me. Warning: Could produce convulsions in those allergic to Dilbert-ese….


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Storage- This is obviously the primary benefit of getting a garden shed installation. When you have this extra space, you can easily use it for all your garden equipment and tools, BBQ's, bikes and a number of other oddly-shaped items that can sometimes be very hard to store in your home.
Most garden equipment is too grimy, muddy or greasy to store inside your home. But leaving the garden equipment lying around in the yard exposes it to the elements and it may fail or become damaged and you will end up spending a significant amount of money on getting them fixed. This is why outdoor sheds are the perfect space for it.
Organization– Even when you store things in cupboards and cabinets in your home, you sometimes lose track of where you have kept them. If you get a good-sized shed installed, you can customize the amount and number of cabinets, shelves and other storage you need. This will give you the proper space to store all the things that you use very rarely but can't always discard. In fact, most people that get garden sheds installed find that their garage and basement becomes more well-organized once they move many of the things from there into the shed.
Open up living spaces– Most people have some equipment and possessions that they don't currently need. The best way to make optimum use of the shed is to keep all of the larger things there. This will free up a lot of space in your home which can be used in a better way.
Relaxation zone- Outdoor sheds can be used as more than just storage spaces. Many people turn these into play zones for their kids, an entertainment room or even a home office, home gym, man-cave, she zone, or entertainment area. If you are planning on making your shed a multi-use space you will have to plan the features well and ensure there is plenty of storage, the proper amount of counter space, and sufficient light and ventilation.
To ensure this you can add a skylight to the shed and install larger shed windows. Not only will this increase the amount natural light and air that come into the shed, but these features will also make the indoor space more comfortable and cheerful.
While a shed can have a number of uses, you don't want it to stand out like a sore thumb in your yard and this is why you need to choose it with care. Today you will find there are a large number of shed materials to choose from and the one you pick should be long-lasting, complement the look and aesthetic of your home and the other features in the yard. In addition, a beautiful, trendy shed will increase the value of your property and add to its curb appeal too.


text:
You will be surprised how public transport looks like in the AI decade
AI video technology is about to take security & operations in public transportation to the next level. Here's how smart IoT cameras will reinvent public surveillance.
All, occupancy control, transport
How smart cameras increase efficiency in transportation
Mar 7, 2019 11:34:00 AM
Modern surveillance cameras not only provide video data. Thanks to intelligent IoT apps, they can also analyze this data in real time. This offers enormous potential for operators of airports and railway stations, as well as for transport companies.
More than 20 billion end devices are already networked via the Internet. By 2025, there will likely be three times more than this. And IoT devices are becoming increasingly more intelligent and efficient. The reason for this is the progress that is being made in artificial intelligence (AI) along with increasing computing power.
This offers companies numerous new opportunities: They have the opportunity to use the IoT to better manage their resources, to design processes more efficiently, and to improve the customer experience. It is no wonder that 83 percent of transport companies want to increase their IoT spending in the next three years.
Smart camera systems in airports and railway stations
Surveillance cameras are everywhere in airports and railway stations. These are increasingly being networked and equipped with intelligent IoT applications. Powerful processors and operating systems make it possible for even complex applications to run directly on the camera.
This means that security cameras are able to compare, in real time, video data with photos from a database, in order to identify people who are wanted by the police, for example. The applications can also analyze how quickly and in which direction people are moving, and can interpret these patterns based on the context. This means that hazardous situations can be detected and safety can be increased in passenger transport.
IoT applications in cameras can even be used to increase passenger safety. In buses and trams, these can analyze whether more females or males, young or older people are in the vehicle and automatically adjust the passenger television to suit the viewers. Intelligent apps can also be used to optimize waiting times in airports and railway stations, as can be seen in the following example of Budapest Airport.
Reducing waiting times and optimizing processes
Security checks in airports frequently cause long waiting times. This frustrates passengers and increases the workload of staff members, which may cause additional security risks. For this reason, many airports use camera systems to monitor queues. If a queue becomes too long, staff will direct the passengers to a different security lane. At Budapest Airport, they have used an intelligent video solution to optimize this process.
This solution can analyze video data in real time and predict waiting times with 96 percent accuracy. These times are shown on displays in order to control visitor flows and to reduce waiting times. The result? Improved customer experience and increased security. By evaluating historical data, the airport management team can also improve planning for staff deployment.
Source: Bosch Security and Safety Systems
High standards for security and efficiency
Airports are facing the challenge of having to check in increasing numbers of passengers while, at the same time, guaranteeing a high standard of security. IoT applications can provide significant support here:
Security cameras analyze the visitor flows and can also control these using smart displays.
Passengers are kept informed, in real time, about waiting times, when their gate is opening, and when the baggage carousel will start up.
Surveillance cameras with automatic facial recognition allow you to identify people who are wanted by police and therefore ensure a higher level of security in the check-in areas.
Camera systems in air traffic control towers analyze irregularities on the runways and inform the airport management team. New technologies guarantee the perfect view – even at night or in poor weather conditions.
By linking to other data sources (e.g. weather data, traffic data, flight bookings), camera systems can create intelligent forecasts about potential operational disruptions.
Video analyses can be used for the early detection of suspicious behavior, for example if employees are in sensitive areas for which they are not responsible or if passengers behave unusually.
Security personnel can follow suspicious people throughout the entire airport in real time.
The theft of luggage and other items can be detected early and prevented.
Unattended luggage can be discovered and investigated by security personnel more quickly.
The IoT therefore has the potential to significantly improve the operating ability of airports and significantly increase passenger satisfaction. This means that key criteria of the Skytrax World Airport Awards are also fulfilled. However, it is not enough to simply network the hardware. For a successful practical implementation, more is required: Applications, devices and platforms must interact perfectly, and a strategic overall concept must be ingrained.
We at Security and Safety Things support you in truly benefiting from the opportunities offered by the IoT revolution. In our new whitepaper, you can find out how you can get more out of your camera technology and gradually achieve "IoT excellence".
Whitepaper: IoT Excellence in Transportation
The digital networking of camera systems offers you unique opportunities to optimize your use of resources, to design your operations more efficiently, to reduce costs and to improve the customer experience. Don't miss out on this opportunity!
Did you like this article? Follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter to get all the latest information about Security and Safety Things including when and where to meet us at our event days.
Furthermore, register now for our newsletter – and find out how we bring together innovative companies creating a security and safety ecosystem. Help your colleagues and connections know about our insights by sharing this article.
Share via Facebook Share via Twitter Share via Email Share via LinkedIn Share via Whatsapp
How IoT is reshaping the future of video surveillance
75+ start-ups that revolutionize Computer Vision in IoT
Start-ups shaping Face, Gesture & Object Recognition for smart cameras
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text:
NC schools assist with Shaw University cleanup
A tornado blew the roof off of the student center and left two of the four dorms uninhabitable. The damage forced school officials to end the semester early.
"It blows my mind that there are this many students that are as like-minded as I am and come out and help Shaw," said Jennifer Prince, Meredith College student.
Prince is one of a handful of Meredith students that joined others from NC State, Carolina, Duke, Saint Augustine's and other HBCUs from the Piedmont Triad. The students picked up debris, bagged trash and did anything to help the Shaw Bear community put its campus back together.
"I think that a lot of the people that are out here today realize that it could have been just as easily their school," Meredith staff member Jane Mitchell said.
The cost of the damage is still unknown.
Alumni participating in the cleanup hope the community will respond the same way financially to keep students in class next semester.
"Knowing financially what that does to the university, when you don't have students so that federal money's not going to come in, so it's been - you know just devastating to see," Shaw alumnae Denise Daley said.
The university fed volunteers in the school gym and plan to wrap up for the day around 6 p.m. However, because of the outpouring of help from volunteers, they may remain on campus longer.
Shaw students have voiced concerned about their grades since the semester ended eight days early. University officials say professors will allow students to do extra work to improve grades if they are unhappy with their mid-term grades.
Graduation is scheduled for May 7.


Finding the nomadic gem miners in the wild eastern Cambodian province of Ratanakiri is a challenge. After talking with the locals we were led to their current site, a small area of churned up red soil with 12 meter deep holes punctuating the landscape. Miners with a mix of soil and sweat caked on their skin surround the mines, some working and others resting with a cigarette after safely re-emerging from deep within the earth.
The miners are searching for semi-precious stones including zircon, amethyst and onyx. The atmosphere has a 'gold-rush' buzz, but the frantic search for the next big gem is evened out by the relaxed Cambodian nature of the miners who welcome us with warm smiles and the occasional nervous laugh. The women surround us with their husbands wares, cut or uncut. With a few minutes of haggling you can be the proud owner of two glistening aqua blue zircon stones for just $10 US dollars.
Mining for gems is a three man operation. The men take it in turns descending into the ladder-less mines. They spend up to an hour below ground digging and filling buckets of earth to be sent to the surface. The second miner turns a makeshift rope mechanism that brings the soil above ground to be hand sifted by the third team member.
Mining the lose loamy clay makes for dangerous work. The same day we visited two men had suffocated in a cave-in at another mine site nearby. The miners dig two holes alongside each other to provide life-giving airflow for those who venture underground, however, this adds to the instability of the mine site and increases the risk of a cave in. It is rare that the miners who fall victim to a collapse can be pulled out in time. Even with the significant risks involved these men chose a life of mining rather than working the rice fields because of the glimmer of hope of a higher income, taking a gamble on what the next bucket might hold.


text:
New Set Photos From SPIDER-MAN NO WAY HOME Show Spider-Man Meeting Doctor Strange
The Most Important Equipment To Have in a Video Studio
Daniel Radcliffe Set To Play Weird Al Yankovic In New Biopic
Dave Grohl and the Foo Fighters Deal With A New Album and Demonic Possession In STUDIO 666 Trailer
X Trailer Reveals Horror Film About an Adult Movie Shoot
FINAL DESTINATION 6 Coming To HBO Max With No Way Home Director Jon Watts
All the SCREAM Movies Ranked
New Set Photos From SPIDER-MAN NO WAY HOME Show Spider-Man Meeting Doctor Strange.
Some new photos have surfaced from the set of Marvel's Spider-Man: No Way Home. They feature a meeting between Spider-Man and Doctor Strange in New York City, both in full costume.
Tom Holland and Benedict Cumberbatch are two of my favorite actors in the MCU and I am happy to see they will share the screen once again. With the multiverse having been shattered and opened, we are sure to see many strange things ahead as we can tell from some casting announcements of previous Spider-Man films.
New set photo shows Tom Holland meeting Doctor strange#SpidermanNoWayHome pic.twitter.com/5288zoFlwi
— NoWay (@1mperial32) August 1, 2021
It was previously shared that the title, No Way Home, "wasn't in reference to Spider-Man, but to the villains. That the villains are coming out of these different alternate dimensions, that they don't have a way home."
In a previous interview with Variety, Molina revealed that his story in No Way Home will pick up Doc Ock's story from "that moment" in the river that ended the Sam Raimi-directed Spider-Man 2.
Spider-Man: No Way Home is being directed by Jon Watts, and Spider-Man: No Way Home swings into theaters on December 17th.
In this article:Benedict Cumberbatch, Comic books, comics, Doctor Strange, Entertainment, Entertainment news, FIlm, Jon Watts, Loki, Movie, New Set Photos From SPIDER-MAN NO WAY HOME, News, No Way Home, Read, Sam Raimi, spider-man, Spider-Man No Way Home, Spider-Man: No Way Home, Tom Hiddleston, Tom Holland, Write
A New Digimon Series and Film Are Coming Our Way
Actor Xolo Maridueña in Talks to Star in the DC Film BLUE BEETLE


text:
#ifndef __SCE_LIBSLEDDEBUGGER_STRINGARRAY_H__
#define __SCE_LIBSLEDDEBUGGER_STRINGARRAY_H__

#include "../sledcore/base_types.h"
#include <cstdio>

#include "common.h"

/// Namespace for sce classes and functions.
namespace sce
{
/// Namespace for Sled classes and functions.
namespace Sled
{
	// Forward declaration.
	class ISequentialAllocator;

#ifndef DOXYGEN_IGNORE
	/// <c>StringArray</c> configuration structure.
	/// @brief
	/// <c>StringArray</c> configuration struct.
	struct SCE_SLED_LINKAGE StringArrayConfig
	{
		uint16_t maxEntryLen;	///< Maximum length of an entry
		uint16_t maxEntries;	///< Maximum number of entries
		bool allowDuplicates;	///< Whether or not to allow duplicates
	};

	// Forward declaration.
	class StringArray;

	/// String array const iterator structure. Helper class to iterate through a <c>StringArray</c>.
	/// @brief
	/// String array const iterator structure.
	///
	/// @param Example
	/// @code
	/// StringArrayConstIterator iter(pStringArray);
	/// for (; iter(); ++iter)
	/// {
	///     printf("Item: %s\n", iter.Get());
	/// }
	/// @endcode
	class SCE_SLED_LINKAGE StringArrayConstIterator
	{
	public:
		/// <c>StringArrayConstIterator</c> constructor.
		/// @brief
		/// Constructor.
		///
		/// @param pStringArray <c>StringArray</c> to iterate through.
		StringArrayConstIterator(const StringArray *pStringArray);

		/// <c>StringArrayConstIterator</c> destructor.
		/// @brief
		/// Destructor.
		~StringArrayConstIterator() {}
	private:
		StringArrayConstIterator();
		StringArrayConstIterator(const StringArrayConstIterator&);
		StringArrayConstIterator& operator=(const StringArrayConstIterator&);
	public:
		/// Check whether or not the item exists at the current iteration.
		/// @brief
		/// Check whether or not item exists at current iteration.
		///
		/// @retval True if the item exists; false if at the end of iteration
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>get</c>, <c>reset</c>
		bool operator()() const;

		/// Get the current item that the iterator points to.
		/// @brief
		/// Get current item iterator points to.
		///
		/// @retval Item from <c>StringArray</c>
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>reset</c>
		const char *get() const;
	public:
		/// Iterate to the next item in the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Iterate to next item in <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @retval Reference to iterator after updating internal iteration index
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>get</c>, <c>reset</c>
		StringArrayConstIterator& operator++();

		/// Reset iteration to the starting item in the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Reset iteration to starting item in <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>get</c>
		void reset();
	private:
		const StringArray *const	m_pStringArray;
		uint16_t m_iIndex;
	};

	/// String array indexed const iterator structure. Helper class to have indexed-based iteration over/access to a string array.
	/// @brief
	/// String array indexed const iterator structure.
	///
	/// @param Example
	/// @code
	/// StringArrayIndexedConstIterator iter(pStringArray);
	/// for (uint16_t i = 0; i < iter.GetCount(); i++)
	/// {
	///     printf("Item %i: %s\n", i, iter[i]);
	/// }
	/// @endcode
	class SCE_SLED_LINKAGE StringArrayIndexedConstIterator
	{
	public:
		/// <c>StringArrayIndexedConstIterator</c> constructor.
		/// @brief
		/// Constructor.
		///
		/// @param pStringArray The <c>StringArray</c> to iterate through
		StringArrayIndexedConstIterator(const StringArray *pStringArray);

		/// <c>StringArrayIndexedConstIterator</c> destructor.
		/// @brief
		/// Destructor.
		~StringArrayIndexedConstIterator() {}
	private:
		StringArrayIndexedConstIterator();
		StringArrayIndexedConstIterator(const StringArrayIndexedConstIterator&);
		StringArrayIndexedConstIterator& operator=(const StringArrayIndexedConstIterator&);
	public:
		/// Get the number of items in the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Get number of items in <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @retval The number of items in the <c>StringArray</c>
		uint16_t getCount() const;

		/// Get the item at a specific index in the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Get item at specific index in <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @param iIndex Index of the item to get
		///
		/// @retval The item at given index in <c>StringArray</c>
		const char *operator[](uint16_t iIndex) const;
	private:
		const StringArray *const	m_pStringArray;
	};

	/// Class for string arrays.
	/// @brief
	/// String array class.
	class SCE_SLED_LINKAGE StringArray
	{
		friend class StringArrayConstIterator;
		friend class StringArrayIndexedConstIterator;
	public:
		/// Create a <c>StringArray</c> instance.
		/// @brief
		/// Create <c>StringArray</c> instance.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @param pConfig Configuration structure that details the settings to use
		/// @param pLocation Location in memory in which to place the <c>StringArray</c> instance.
		/// It needs to be as big as the value returned by <c>requiredMemory()</c>.
		/// @param ppArray <c>StringArray</c> instance that is created
		///
		/// @retval 0										Success
		/// @retval SCE_SLED_ERROR_INVALIDCONFIGURATION		Invalid value in the configuration structure
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>requiredMemory</c>, <c>shutdown</c>
		static int32_t create(const StringArrayConfig *pConfig, void *pLocation, StringArray **ppArray);

		/// Calculate the size in bytes required for a <c>StringArray</c> instance, based on a configuration structure.
		/// @brief
		/// Calculate size in bytes required for <c>StringArray</c>, based on configuration structure.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @param pConfig Configuration structure that details the settings to use
		/// @param iRequiredMemory The amount of memory that is needed for the <c>StringArray</c> instance
		///
		/// @retval 0										Success
		/// @retval SCE_SLED_ERROR_INVALIDCONFIGURATION		Invalid value in the configuration structure
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>create</c>
		static int32_t requiredMemory(const StringArrayConfig *pConfig, std::size_t *iRequiredMemory);

#ifndef DOXYGEN_IGNORE
		static int32_t requiredMemoryHelper(const StringArrayConfig *pConfig, ISequentialAllocator *pAllocator, void **ppThis);
#endif // DOXYGEN_IGNORE

		/// Shut down a <c>StringArray</c> instance.
		/// @brief
		/// Shut down <c>StringArray</c> instance.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @param pStringArray <c>StringArray</c> instance to shut down
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>create</c>
		static void shutdown(StringArray *pStringArray);
	private:
		StringArray(const StringArrayConfig *pConfig, const void *pStringArraySeats);
		~StringArray() {}
		StringArray(const StringArray&);
		StringArray& operator=(const StringArray&);
	private:
		const char *operator[](uint16_t iIndex) const;
		uint16_t getFirstFreeSlotIndex(const uint16_t& iStartPos = 0) const;
		uint16_t getFirstFullSlotIndex(const uint16_t& iStartPos = 0) const;
	public:
		/// Determine whether or not the <c>StringArray</c> is empty.
		/// @brief
		/// Determine whether or not <c>StringArray</c> is empty.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Whether or not the <c>StringArray</c> is empty
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>isFull</c>, <c>getNumEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntryLen</c>
		inline bool isEmpty() const { return m_iNumEntries == 0; }

		/// Determine whether or not the <c>StringArray</c> is full.
		/// @brief
		/// Determine whether or not <c>StringArray</c> is full.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Whether or not the <c>StringArray</c> is full
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>isEmpty</c>, <c>getNumEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntryLen</c>
		inline bool isFull() const { return m_iNumEntries == m_iMaxEntries; }

		/// Determine whether or not duplicate entries are allowed.
		/// @brief
		/// Determine whether or not duplicates allowed.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Whether or not duplicates are allowed
		inline bool allowDuplicates() const { return m_allowDups != 0; }

		/// Get the number of entries.
		/// @brief
		/// Get number of entries.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Number of entries
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>isEmpty</c>, <c>isFull</c>, <c>getMaxEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntryLen</c>
		inline uint16_t getNumEntries() const { return m_iNumEntries; }

		/// Get the maximum number of entries.
		/// @brief
		/// Get maximum number of entries.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Maximum number of entries
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>isEmpty</c>, <c>isFull</c>, <c>getNumEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntryLen</c>
		inline uint16_t getMaxEntries() const { return m_iMaxEntries; }

		/// Get the maximum entry length.
		/// @brief
		/// Get maximum entry length.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @return Maximum entry length
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>isEmpty</c>, <c>isFull</c>, <c>getNumEntries</c>, <c>getMaxEntries</c>
		inline uint16_t getMaxEntryLen() const { return m_iMaxEntryLen; }
	public:
		/// Add a string to the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Add string to <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @param pszEntry String to add
		///
		/// @return True if the string is added; false if the string was not added or there was an error
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>remove</c>, <c>clear</c>
		bool add(const char *pszEntry);

		/// Remove a string from the <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Remove string from <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @param pszEntry String to remove
		///
		/// @return True if the string was removed; false if the string was not removed or there was an error
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>add</c>, <c>clear</c>
		bool remove(const char *pszEntry);

		/// Clear the contents of <c>StringArray</c>.
		/// @brief
		/// Clear contents of <c>StringArray</c>.
		///
		/// @par Calling Conditions
		/// Not multithread safe.
		///
		/// @see
		/// <c>add</c>, <c>remove</c>
		void clear();
	private:
		const uint16_t	m_iMaxEntries;
		const uint16_t	m_iMaxEntryLen;
		const uint8_t	m_allowDups;
		uint16_t		m_iNumEntries;
		uint8_t*		m_pBuffer;
		uint8_t*		m_pFreeList;
	};
#endif //DOXYGEN_IGNORE
}}

#endif // __SCE_LIBSLEDDEBUGGER_STRINGARRAY_H__

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On Friday, November 16nd, Head of Special Collections and Archives at UMass Robert Cox will present a talk about the Spiritualist movement in the Pioneer Valley. A product of the "spiritual hothouse" of the Second Great Awakening, Spiritualism became the fastest growing religion in the nation during the 1850s, and was a religion centered around communication with the spirits of the dead, usually through a spirit medium who interpreted the messages of those beyond. How did this powerful movement manifest in the communities of the Pioneer Valley, and what impacts did it leave? What losses and comforts drew local residents to Spiritualism?
The 30-minute program begins promptly at 12:15 with seating and beverages ready just before noon. The lectures are free and everyone is welcome to attend.


The VA and many other government departments and agencies have conducted research studies on the possible health effects of Agent Orange exposure on U.S. Veterans. The VA has recognized certain cancers and other health problems as associated with exposure to Agent Orange. The VA has a toll-free helpline for Vietnam Veterans to answer their questions about Agent Orange exposure, healthcare, and benefits.
In addition this toll-free number connects callers with a special Persian Gulf War helpline to inform those Veterans about medical care and benefits available to them for this conflict.
Veterans may be eligible for disability compensation (a monthly monetary allowance) for injuries or diseases related to active military service. The VA call these disabilities "service-related" or "service-connected."
After VA receives your application, it will send you a letter that explains what evidence we need in order to grant your claim. The VA will help you get records to support your claim, including records of Vietnam service or exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides during military service. Learn more about the disability claims process.


text:
Q: how to add attribute to tags in CKEDITOR? I need that my link will have attribute vfoto='advert'.
For example:

How to realize that? What files to edit?

A: I don't have a lot of experience width CKEDITOR, but accordint to this post and this documentation you need to allow the attribute you want to add in the config.
config.extraAllowedContent = 'a[vfoto]';

Hope that helps, see ya :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Beau James Nokes
Nokes & Nokes, a Law Corporation
Welcome to Nokes & Nokes, where clients get big firm experience with small firm service.
It doesn't matter who you are, when you have been a victim of a catastrophic injury or a loved one is gone due to someone else's negligence, your world is changed forever. Victims and their families need a strong, steady hand to help them put their lives together and find justice.
At Nokes & Nokes, we are personal injury lawyers who believe the legal system is for everyone, not just big companies and their insurers who can afford to pay enormous sums to fight legitimate claims.
Nokes & Nokes' contingent fee representation helps level the playing field when injured people are faced with a battle against well-funded insurance companies and corporate manufacturers of dangerous and defective products.
Call us for a free consultation. You will not be charged any attorneys fees unless we recover damages for you.
Born: Fullerton, California, October 8, 1960
College: University of Utah, B.A., magna cum laude, 1982
Law School: University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, J.D., 1985
Membership: State Bar of California; The Association of Trial Lawyers of America; Consumer Attorneys of California; Orange County Trial Lawyers Association.
Practice Areas: Personal Injury; Automobile Accidents and Injuries; Slip and Fall; Wrongful Death; Medical Malpractice; Arbitration; Mediation; Automotive Design Liability; Brain Injury; Chemical Products Liability; Products Liability
Admissions: 1985, California; 1986, U.S. District Court, Central District of California; 1992, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California
Beau James Nokes, a founding partner of Nokes & Nokes has been in practice in personal injury litigation since 1985. He has particular expertise in the areas of major injury product liability, auto accident and uninsured motorist litigation, premises liability litigation, medical malpractice and mass tort litigation involving medical devices.
Mr. Nokes graduated magna cum laude from the University of Utah in 1982 and received his J.D. from the McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific in 1985. He was admitted to the bar of California in 1985 and is also admitted to practice before the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California and the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California.
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Nytram @ Pt England School: Chess Activity.
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SRS - Spaced Repetition System
Japanese, Japanese Tips
SRS - Spaced Repetition System, also known as SRS, is a learning technique that uses time gaps between reviews of the same content already studied.
This means that in order to learn something you studied today and never forget it, you will need to carry out periodic reviews over longer and longer periods of time.
So the first revisions happen at hourly intervals, then at day intervals, then at intervals of weeks, months, and years.
In today's article, we're going to talk a little about how the Spaced Repetition System works and how to use this system to learn Japanese more efficiently and effectively.
How does an SRS (Spaced Repetition System) work?
It is already a real and known fact that people forget things. And this is a natural process of our brain, working as a defense mechanism when selecting important and disposable information.
Have you ever wondered what it would be like if we remembered everything all the time? I think I would go crazy.
When receiving an avalanche of information, our mind is forced to select which information will be memorized and which will be forgotten.
Subconsciously, the brain uses various criteria to select and organize the information that will be stored for future memories.
Some of the best known criteria are the remarkable facts of our lives and everything that we find interesting.
Even with its selection criteria, some even adequate, the brain is not very good at selecting what is important and what should be forgotten.
Another aggravating factor is that this process occurs subconsciously and not consciously.
Repeating and revising so as not to forget
When we study a subject at school or elsewhere and don't revise it, we tend to forget most of what we learn.
On the other hand, at the time of a review, we recall the subject studied and the subject becomes more vivid in memory.
Therefore, the more we use new information, the longer it will stay in memory and not be forgotten.
This is the key point of the Spaced Repetition System (SRS). This technique uses periodic reviews to force the brain to classify the reviewed information as important, storing it in memory so that it does not forget even after a long period of time without using that information.
How to know the right time range to review?
Many scholars in learning techniques, teachers and psychologists have different conclusions on the subject.
Despite this, the general consensus is to start reviewing the material studied at short intervals and increase the time interval to longer intervals between one review and another.
Does SRS (Spaced Repetition System) only work with FlashCards?
Many people confuse SRS with FlashCards, but one thing can work perfectly without the other. The basis of everything is to create questions that remember the main concepts of what we learned.
As one of the most common ways of doing this is using FlashCards, the SRS – Spaced Repetition System has become almost synonymous with FlashCards.
Why use an SRS to learn Japanese?
The process of learning a new language, be it Japanese or not, demands a lot from our memory. The process of learn japanese it is almost to memorize new words and grammatical structures.
Therefore, using the Spaced Repetition System (SRS) technique can be a way to considerably improve vocabulary retention and japanese grammar.
In addition, there are other advantages of using an SRS to learn Japanese that are worth mentioning:
To use an SNS it is necessary to summarize the content studied in simple questions and answers, focusing on what must be memorized and eliminating unnecessary information.
Using SRS provides an easy way to practice proofreading, since you don't have to keep rereading book chapters or old articles.
The Spaced Repetition System (SRS) shortens review time by focusing on what really matters.
SRS considerably increases information retention and acquisition of a good japanese vocabulary.
The Disadvantages of Using an SRS to Learn Japanese
Like any learning technique, the Spaced Repetition System (SRS) also has its drawbacks.
Because it is not very practical to manage the time slots for review manually, the use of SRS is done more in computer programs, creating a dependency on the PC.
Contrary to what you might think, creating questions and answers (or FlashCards) is a process that demands a lot of effort and can become tiring.
The SRS is a review system, not a learning one. Therefore, it is not suitable for new information, but for subjects that have already been studied in advance.
Where to find SRS programs?
If you are curious and want to use some SRS program to learn Japanese, I recommend taking a look at the programs below. They are very good and widely used by hundreds of students of Japanese and other languages.
Mnesyone
smart.fm
Nowadays the Spaced Repetition System (SRS) is widely used by language students and several other areas of knowledge.
I myself have been using the SRS system – Spaced Repetition System for some time and it has been very good for my learning of Japanese language.
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Career run support for starting pitchers
For the little study I did last post, I used Retrosheet data to compile run support stats for every starting pitcher in recent history (specifically, pitchers whose starts all came in 1950 or later).
Comparing every pitcher to his teammates, and totalling up everything for a career ...the biggest "hard luck" starter, in terms of total runs, is Greg Maddux. In Maddux's 740 starts, his offense scored 238 fewer runs than they did for his teammates those same seasons. That's a shortfall of 0.32 runs per game.
Here's the top six:
Runs GS R/GS
-238 740 -0.32 Greg Maddux
-199 773 -0.26 Nolan Ryan
-192 707 -0.27 Roger Clemens
-168 430 -0.39 A.J. Burnett
-167 690 -0.24 Gaylord Perry
-164 393 -0.42 Steve Rogers
Three four of the top five are in the Hall of Fame. You might expect that to be the case, since, to accumulate a big deficiency in run support, you have to pitch a lot of games ... and guys who pitch a lot of games tend to be good. But, on the flip side, the "good luck" starters, whose teams scored more for them than for their teammates, aren't nearly as good:
+238 364 +0.65 Vern Law
+188 458 +0.41 Mike Torrez
+170 254 +0.67 Bryn Smith
+151 297 +0.51 Ramon Martinez
+147 355 +0.41 Mike Krukow
+143 682 +0.21 Tom Glavine
The only explanation for the difference, that I can think of, is that to have a long career despite bad run support, you have to be a REALLY good pitcher. To have the same length career, with good run support, you can just be PRETTY good.
But, that assumes that teams pay a lot of attention to W-L record, which would be the biggest statistical reflection of run support. And, we're only talking about a difference of around half a run per game.
Another possibility: pitchers who are the ace of the staff usually start on opening day, where they face the other team's ace. So, that game, against a star pitcher, they get below-average support. Maybe, because of the way rotations work, they face better pitchers more often, and that's what accounts for the difference. Did Bill James study this once?
In any event, just taking the opening day game .. if those games are one run below average for the team, and Nolan Ryan got 20 of those starts, there's 20 of his 199 runs right there.
UPDATE: see the comments for suggestions from Tango and GuyM. The biggest one: GuyM points out that good pitchers lead to more leads, which means fewer bottom-of-the-ninth runs when they pitch at home. Back of the envelope estimate: suppose a great pitcher means the team goes 24-8 in his starts, instead of 16-16. That's 8 extra wins, which is 4 extra wins at home, which is 2 runs over a season, which is 30 runs over 15 good seasons like that.
Here are the career highs and lows on a per-game basis, minimum 100 starts:
- 85 106 -0.80 Ryan Franklin
- 94 134 -0.70 Shawn Chacon
-135 203 -0.66 Ron Kline
- 72 116 -0.62 Shelby Miller
-154 249 -0.62 Denny Lemaster
- 68 115 -0.59 Trevor Wilson
+127 164 +0.77 Bill Krueger
+ 82 108 +0.76 Rob Bell
+ 89 118 +0.76 Jeff Ballard
+ 81 110 +0.73 Mike Minor
+106 161 +0.66 Jake Arrieta
These look fairly random to me.
Here's what happens if we go down to a minimum of 10 starts:
- 29 12 -2.40 Angel Moreno
- 30 13 -2.29 Jim Converse
- 23 11 -2.25 Mike Walker
- 20 11 -1.86 Tony Mounce
- 25 14 -1.81 John Gabler
+ 32 11 +2.91 J.D. Durbin
+ 43 17 +2.56 John Strohmayer
+ 58 25 +2.30 Colin Rea
+ 61 28 +2.16 Bob Wickman
+ 23 11 +2.33 John Rauch
It seems weird that, for instance, Bob Wickman would get such good run support in as many as 28 starts, his team scoring more than two extra runs a game for him. But, with 2,169 pitchers in the list, you're going to get these kinds of things happening just randomly.
The SD of team runs in a game is around 3. Over 36 starts, the SD of average support is 3 divided by the square root of 36, which works out to 0.5. Over Wickman's 28 starts, it's 0.57. So, Wickman was about 3.8 SDs from zero.
But that's not quite right ... the support his teammates got is a random variable, too. Accounting for that, I get that Wickman was 3.7 SDs from zero. Not that big a deal, but still worth correcting for.
I'll call that "3.7" figure the "Z-score." Here are the top and bottom career Z-scores, minimum 72 starts:
Z GS R/GS
-3.06 72 -1.16 Kevin Gausman
-2.94 203 -0.66 Ron Kline
-2.89 249 -0.62 Denny Lemaster
-2.57 134 -0.70 Shawn Chacon
-2.57 740 -0.32 Greg Maddux
+3.79 364 +0.65 Vern Law
+3.24 254 +0.67 Bryn Smith
+3.16 164 +0.77 Bill Krueger
+3.12 93 +1.02 Roy Smith
+2.73 247 +0.56 Tony Cloninger
The SD of the overall Z-scores is 1.045, pretty close to the 1.000 we'd expect if everything were just random. But, that still leaves enough room that something else could be going on.
I chose a cutoff 72 starts to include Kevin Gausman, who is still active. Last year, the Orioles starter went 9-12 despite an ERA of only 3.61.
Not only is Gausman the highest Z-score of pitchers with 72 starts, he's also the highest Z-score of pitchers with as few as 10 starts!
Of the forty-two starters more extreme than Gausman's support shortfall of 1.16 runs per game, none of them have more than 41 starts.
Gausman is a historical outlier, in terms of poor run support -- the hardluckest starting pitcher ever.
I've posted the full spreadsheet at my website, here.
UPDATE, 3/31: New spreadsheet (Excel format), updated to account for innings of run support, to correct any the bottom-of-the-ninth issues (as per GuyM's suggestion). Actually, both methods are in separate tabs.
Labels: baseball, run support
At Friday, March 24, 2017 11:40:00 PM, Tangotiger said...
A bad hitting pitcher is worth around -.05 runs per PA relative to other pitchers, and a good hitting one is +.05 runs per PA. Give them 3 PA, and that's a range of +/- .15 runs per game. You should check into that.
At Saturday, March 25, 2017 2:54:00 AM, Phil Birnbaum said...
Good point, thanks. GuyM also emailed me that good pitchers stay in the game longer, which means more pitcher PA and therefore fewer runs.
More significantly, Guy pointed out that good pitchers lead to more wins, which means they lead to more home wins, which means less bottom-of-the-ninths in those games. That's a big one.
At Saturday, March 25, 2017 12:31:00 PM, GuyM said...
I would guess that part of Maddux's low run support is that he hated pitching to Javy Lopez. Lopez only caught 421 of Maddux's career innings, compared to 1,652 of Glavine's. Lopez was a vastly better hitter than whoever the Braves' backup was in any given year, so that must have cut into Maddux's run support. (And the reverse would be true for Glavine and other ATL starters in these years, to a lesser extent.)
I don't know how common it is for a starter to have a catcher pairing pattern so different from that of the other pitchers on his team, but when it happens the impact could be substantial. Lopez was a 112 OPS+ hitter, while the average backup catcher is probably about 35 points lower. So that could explain maybe .17 runs for each extra game that Maddux did not throw to Lopez.
At Saturday, March 25, 2017 3:16:00 PM, Phil Birnbaum said...
GuyM, that's a good one. Who are the other well-known "personal catchers", and do the support numbers also tend to go the expected direction?
At Saturday, March 25, 2017 3:50:00 PM, GuyM said...
Doing a quick search, personal catchers seem to be fairly common for knuckleballers, which makes sense.
Bob Uecker and Chris Bando for Phil Niekro.
Doug Mirabelli for Tim Wakefield.
Josh Thole for R.A. Dickey.
B-Ref also mentions that from 1976 to 1979, Tim McCarver started 128 of Steve Carlton's 140 starts.
It probably only accounts for a small amount of your variance, but made a difference for a few outliers.
At Thursday, April 27, 2017 2:25:00 PM, Anonymous said...
4 of the top 6 are in the HOF?? Neither Clemens or Burnett are in.
Actually, 3 of the top 6....
At Thursday, April 27, 2017 2:36:00 PM, Phil Birnbaum said...
Oops! Thanks, will fix.
At Saturday, September 25, 2021 6:31:00 PM, Staff Writer said...
"relative to teammates" is a little questionable. I mean Nolan Ryan didn't have run support with the Angels or the Astros at all and they weren't great hitting teams for any of their pitchers.
I suspect if you did runs score by their team in their own games started, you'd see a pretty good trend as it's pretty hard to get a win if your team doesn't score.
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Men's ski jumping will be included at the Vancouver-Whistler Olympics. Female ski jumpers and their supporters say their exclusion is tantamount to gender discrimination.
"I think VANOC and the COC, Sport Canada and the government of Canada – everyone – believes in equality in this country and we're promoting that," said Brent Morrice, the chair of Ski Jumping Canada.
Jan Willis, the mother of Canadian Ski Jumper Katie Willis, said she and the athletes are heartened by the support they've received for their cause from government, sporting officials, and the Canadian public.
"I think (the support) is really helping the girls, too," Willis said after the meeting.
Interestingly enough, Katie Willis has already found fame in the arena of ski jumping. She's in the history books as not only the youngest athlete, but also the first Canadian woman to win a gold medal at an international ski jumping event. She was only 14 when she finished on top against the world's best athletes, many nearly a decade older than her, at a summer Continental Cup event in Klingenthal, Germany.
Um, doesn't she sound like a prime candidate to compete for Canada?


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THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below.
Alternative Title: light fixture
Luminaire, orlight fixture, Complete lighting unit, consisting of one or more lamps (bulbs or tubes that emit light), along with the socket and other parts that hold the lamp in place and protect it, wiring that connects the lamp to a power source, and a reflector that helps direct and distribute the light. Fluorescent fixtures usually have lenses or louvers to shield the lamp (thus reducing glare) and redirect the light emitted. Luminaires include both portable and ceiling- or wall-mounted fixtures.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Kathleen Kuiper, Senior Editor.
Lamp, a device for producing illumination, consisting originally of a vessel containing a wick soaked in combustible material, and subsequently such other light-producing instruments as gas and electric lamps. The lamp was invented at least as early as 70,000 bce. Originally it consisted of a…
Lighting, use of an artificial source of light for illumination. It is a key element of architecture and interior design. Residential lighting uses mainly either incandescent lamps or fluorescent lamps and often depends heavily on movable fixtures plugged into outlets; built-in lighting is…
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Conservation OnLine - Luminaire Efficacy


Slurp is a tool used by information security professionals to enumerate AWS S3 buckets. Slurp takes a domain name (example.com) or wordlist as input and cycles through likely S3 bucket names (example.s3.amazonaws.com) looking for any world-read/writeable buckets. S3 buckets are a great find for offensive security pros because they are commonly misconfigured. This leads to things like the famous RNC Voter Records breach or Verizon's 2017 breach.
While performing a routine internal penetration test, I began the assessment by running Responder in analyze mode just to get an idea of what was being sent over broadcast. Much to my surprise, I found that shortly after running it, a hash was captured by Responder's SMB listener.
If you want to learn what's up and coming for Google Cloud and make some great connections, Google Cloud NEXT is an informative, lively event to prioritize on your conference calendar. Coalfire attended the recent Google Cloud NEXT '18 conference in San Francisco (July 24-27) and found it to be a good venue to meet existing customers, make new contacts, and attend informative technical sessions. This is the second year for Google Cloud's conference, and it proved to be a platform for many product and feature announcements while conveying a strong security theme. In addition to the many technical talks on security topics, Google Cloud made several important service announcements related to security; this blog post will review a few of the more noteworthy topics.
For those of us charged with managing cyber risk as well as planning and budgeting for cybersecurity, the Gartner "Hype Cycle for Risk Management, 2018" provides some helpful perspectives that are useful in setting both priorities and expectations.


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Verold > Blog > General > teutons aoe 2 wiki
teutons aoe 2 wiki
Explore Wikis; Community Central; Start a Wiki; Search Sign In Don't have an account? Unique technologies They rely on infantry, cavalry, siege units, and fortifications, which is typical for a medieval European army. This allows Teuton castles to match all non-Turkish Bombard Cannons and Cannon Galleons, leaving them vulnerable to only the trebuchet and elite cannon galleon. Rate of Fire Fully upgraded, they have 100 HP, 21 attack, 13 melee armor, and 6 pierce armor. Infantry Teutonic Knight Their slow speed also makes them weak against Monks. Food A confrontation between the emperors and the church over investiture of bishops weakened the emperors in both Germany and Italy. Ironclad Crenellations. Also Bombard Cannons work well against longer-ranged enemy units. Games Movies TV Video. With 100 HP, the Elite Teutonic Knight is the strongest infantry unit in the game. The Age of Kings Introduced in All catapults move at the same speed, 3/hour. Teutonic Knights are tough enough to beat almost every unranged unit in a one-on-one fight, but even with their high melee armor, h… Teutons are a civilization in Age of Empires. This might explain why the Teutonic Knight is highly resistant to melee damage but vulnerable against pierce attacks such as arrow and hand cannon fire. Elite Teutonic Knight With update 36906, Teutonic Knights now move at a speed of 0.8. In-game Teutonic Knights fight on foot for gameplay considerations; historical Teutonic knights almost always fought on horseback. 0.8 Farmsare 40% cheaper. Teutons Armor classes The in-game "Teutons" actually represent many migration period's West Germanic-speaking peoples, East Francia, the Holy Roman Empire, Crusader states, and three famous crusading orders: the Knights Hospitaller, Knights Templar, and the Teutonic Knights. Speed 5, 10 (Elite) In Italy, the rising city-states combined to form the Lombard League and refused to recognize the emperor. https://ageofempires.fandom.com/wiki/Teutonic_Knight?oldid=291587. Their economy is good, particularly their Farms, which are the most cost effective of all civilizations. The Italians welcomed the relative peace and stability the empire ensured. With their increased bulk due to Ironclad, they can support the Teutonic Knights against almost any kind of threat. Teutonic Knights are tough enough to beat almost every unranged unit in a one-on-one fight, but even with their high melee armor, high hit points, and powerful attack, they prove to be vulnerable to units such as the War Elephant, Battle Elephant, and the Cataphract, as well as double-teaming from infantry who have bonuses against them, such as Samurai or Jaguar Warriors, both of which can defeat the Teutonic Knight in mass battles. Teutonic Knights pair well with Paladins since they have no trouble with archers at all. Now I like to casually indulge myself in an online session of the new HD edition of the game! Germany remained a minor power in Europe for centuries to come. German soldiers were known to be heavily armored in battle, which is represented by the increased melee armor for both Barracks and Stable units and the iconic high melee armor of their unique unit, the Teutonic Knight. Main Wikis. The Teutons were known for their mighty citadels and fortress cities which defended their cities from invaders across Europe. Non-Elite Teutonic Knights now have 80 HP. Castle The historical Teutons were first mentioned by Republican Roman authors as being from Scandinavia and allies with the Cimbri against Rome. The Holy Roman Empire was successful at first because it benefited the principal members, Germany and Italy. Introduced in Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition game guide focuses on a simple Build Order for a fast castle start for Dark Age and, Feudal Age. The German princes cared only about their own holdings. The Teutons are best known for their participation in the Cimbrian War with the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC. They can defeat fully upgraded Paladins more effectively than fully upgraded Halberdiers, but the latter are still much more cost effective against cavalry. With Update 35584, Barracks units receive +1 melee armor in the Castle Age. As such, they have excellent infantry with all upgrades, an extra +1 melee armor, and the Teutonic Knight, a unit that is, albeit slow, unrivaled in melee combat. During desperate attempts to regain Italy, more concessions were given to the local princes in Germany. FANDOM. 2. Trained at Games Movies TV Video. As a great fan of the game Age of Empires II, I used to be an avid player of local online games with the group. ... 2019-06-24 | Teutons … Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. With update 36906, Teutonic Knights move at a speed of 0.8. They benefited greatly from Italian culture, technology, and trade. The Teutonic Knight appears to be wearing a mail hauberk (under a surcoat and a cloak). The most renowned German soldiers were the Teutonic Knights, a religious order of warriors inspired by the Crusades. Teutons are a civilization in Age of Empires. Europe 5. [1], The Central European architecture set the Teutons share with the. Attack Gold Focus 4. With 13 melee armor, the Elite Teutonic Knight has the highest melee armor of all units in the game. The Teutonic Knight is the most powerful infantry unit in the game. With patch 4.8, Teutonic Knights move at a speed of 0.7. By the middle of the thirteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire existed in name only. With Update 35584, Farms are now 40% cheaper. Age of Empires II: The Last Battle Wiki… Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings is a real-time strategy video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft.Released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh, it is the second game in the Age of Empires … The imperial armies were manned partially by tenants of church lands who owed service to the emperor. Unit information Like rams, all catapults are as effective at destroying buildings - for example 5… His son Otto became emperor in 962. Their archers are very weak, missing improvements all over the board, but Hand Cannoneers are available. Castle Age 50 seconds. Once researched, it increases the melee armor of siege weapons by +4. This is a quick guide on a simple fast castle Build Order. A second important contingent were the ministriales, a corps of serfs who received the best training and equipment as knights but who were not free men. It is a slow, heavily armored infantry unit with a powerful attack. Their cavalry is, in fact, limited to the Paladin, which unfortunately lacks Husbandry and thus misses out on an important speed bonus; it remains a strong unit with extra 2 melee armor, however. Age of Empires Series Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. The siege weapons are great, mostly due to Ironclad, which helps patch up their main weakness: melee attacks. Teutonic Knights now train in 12 seconds. With patch 4.8, Teutonic Knights now move at a speed of 0.7. Fully upgraded, they have 100 HP, 21 attack, 13 melee armor and 6 pierce armor. +4 vs Standard building+4 vs Eagle Warrior The biggest threat to that combination are siege weapons on the other side, especially other Bombard Cannons and long-ranged Onagers, because they hit the entire army very hard and can also hit approaching Teutonic Knights before being reached due to their slow speed. Teutons are a civilization in Age of Empires. Their biggest disadvantage, however, is their extremely slow speed due to the large amount of armor they wear, giving them a disadvantage against ranged units, as almost all of them can hit-and-run them.
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