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Image: Flickr / Chad Davis
Demanding Justice for the Living
An interview with Derecka Purnell about her new book Becoming Abolitionists, how we should think about the systems that produce violence, and, ultimately, the resources that will allow people to live safely.
Derecka Purnell Nia T. Evans
Categories: Law, Race
Topics: Crime and Prison, Interview, Law and Justice, Power over Policing, Race
What does justice look like in the aftermath of police violence? For many Americans, their vision of justice looks like accountability: police officers who kill Black people, indiscriminately and without cause, should be held accountable by the legal system, same as anyone. Our culture and institutions reinforce this view. Justice, we're told, is a matter for lawyers, courts, and juries; it demands equal treatment under the law. And so when police have murdered Black civilians, those seeking justice have by and large turned expectantly to the criminal legal system. We have called for arrests and convictions. We have followed the trials with bated breath because the outcomes are our collective measure of whether Black lives really matter.
Modern-day abolition rejects prisons and police as solutions to violence and aims to create safety through investments in social goods, such as education, housing, and healthcare.
But something changed in 2020 when the idea of police abolition broke into the mainstream. Modern-day abolition, which traces its political roots to the abolition of slavery, rejects prisons and police as solutions to violence and aims to create safety through investments in social goods, such as education, housing, and healthcare—all necessary ingredients for reducing the likelihood of harm. The mainstreaming of abolition has supplied popular culture with a new set of questions about what might constitute justice. What if justice isn't conferred by a court but created by building healthy, resourced communities? What if violence and harm are born of violent conditions and built into the institutions that claim to keep us safe? What if we weren't satisfied with convictions after death and instead sought justice for the living?
These are just a few of the questions at the heart of Derecka Purnell's book Becoming Abolitionists: Police, Protests and the Pursuit of Freedom. To Purnell—a social movement lawyer, writer, and organizer—abolition is not a utopia or an ideal but a practice. This vision of abolition seeks to understand the material needs that trigger police involvement and then build an ecosystem of support that interrupts the need for policing, in part by offering a more diverse range of options and responses to harm. Far from avoiding the tough questions, Purnell dives in headfirst. Drawing from history, she deftly connects the roots of violence to the racial and economic hierarchies police are charged with maintaining, arguing that precarity cannot be eradicated by the people who are paid to protect it. Becoming Abolitionists is ultimately about the importance of asking questions and our ability to create answers. And in the end, Purnell makes it clear that abolition is a labor of love—one that we can accomplish together if only we decide to.
Nia T. Evans: Becoming Abolitionists is an invitation to a new way of thinking about liberation, to join a growing freedom movement, and to witness your journey. And you really go on a journey in this book, from being a high school student in the Youth Crime Watch of America, to being someone who called for police convictions after the murders of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, to now fighting for an abolitionist future. What inspired you to write the book and document your journey?
Policing is a very normal fixture of our society. And I can understand that abolition may seem scary.
Derecka Purnell: I didn't anticipate writing the book the way I ended up writing it. I had a lot of conversations with scholars and organizers who were doing abolitionist work, and I laid out all these questions. I thought I was going to go into a PhD program and find answers. And I was very happy to be discouraged from doing that by Robin D. G. Kelley, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, and Ruth Wilson Gilmore, who all told me I didn't need to go into a PhD program to find answers for our liberation—that we can figure out on our own, for ourselves, those answers.
The book became an expansion of an article I wrote last year called "How I Became a Police Abolitionist." That article made me realize the best way to talk to people who are curious about abolition is to discuss how I became an abolitionist. I wanted to write something that said, look, I get it. Policing is a very normal fixture of society. I relied on police. They were a huge part of my childhood, and even early adulthood. And I can understand that abolition may seem scary. I understand that some people hear abolition and just think that means police absence, or that we don't care about violence or survivors. I wanted to show that many of the people fighting for an abolitionist world are survivors of violence themselves. Many of us live in neighborhoods and communities that are plagued with different kinds of violence, including police violence. And we have tried working within the system for change, and found that it's impossible. So I started asking myself questions about my earliest thoughts and ideas around police. How did they form? Where did they come from? How did they change?
NE: Your point about police as fixtures, that they feel like unmovable parts of our society, is so important. Your book really exposes the U.S. love affair with policing. Every time there's an economic or social crisis, we're told police are the solution. Immigration crisis? We need border police and enforcement. Global pandemic? We give cops millions of dollars to enforce public health orders. Kids are struggling in school? Well, let's throw some police in there. Where does that impulse come from? And what are the ramifications?
DP: Part of the impulse is not just the U.S. love affair with police, but the U.S. love affair with capitalism, which obviously produces inequality. If you've committed to maintaining oppressive systems so that very few people can benefit and thrive, then you use police to manage all the people who are excluded from those systems. Police become a cheap way of responding to all the crises you just created. Instead of having robust immigration ideas or working toward a global economy that doesn't rely on the forced displacement of people, it's much cheaper to pay for people to patrol the border. We don't want to deal with global capitalism, so we manage a global capitalist crisis by just hiring more border police. The same is true with schools. Instead of investing in the type of neighborhoods where families and children can thrive with dignity and agency, we put "school resource officers" (police officers) in schools. And instead of paying for counselors and investing in athletic programs, we'll just do a police athletic league, so cops can be counselors, and cops can be boxing coaches, and cops can be mentors. It becomes a cheap catchall way to respond to the crises in our community.
The United States has committed to maintaining oppressive systems in which few people can thrive. Police are a cheap way to manage all the people excluded from those systems.
And even more insidiously, police serve as a jobs program. We have all of this inequality, and instead of undermining the inequality, we say, look, you can become a part of the system that manages it. And isn't it better to become a cop and get a salary and earn a spot in the middle class, rather than ending up in prison or in the grave like so many people in your neighborhood? It's the same with the military. It's presented as an option for how to escape the crises that capitalism, racism, homophobia, and ableism create. So it's an escape route and a jobs program.
NE: As you say, policing is a symptom of the violence enacted by capitalism, patriarchy, colonialism, homophobia, all these oppressive systems. So it's impossible to understand policing without knowing how these histories intersect. Becoming Abolitionists takes us through that history—from slave patrols in the eighteenth century to South Carolina adopting some of the earliest forms of policing based on lessons learned from oppressing enslaved people in the Caribbean. We typically only grapple with policing in the U.S. context but you work to show this is a global struggle. That empires and nations have always shared knowledge about how to police, control, and surveil Black people. Can you tell me why the history is so critical to understanding policing right now?
DP: A lot of the history written about modern-day policing traces it back to slave patrols. This narrative concludes that police are bad because they arose from the violent enforcement of slavery. But the more I started to think about the history of policing, the more that I realized that it's not enough to suggest that police started from slave patrols, or—another popular historical narrative—that they were a U.S. adoption of UK bobbies.
The history of policing starts with the freedom, and then subsequent repression, of Black people, poor people, and colonized people.
Rather, I argue that the history of policing starts with the freedom, and then subsequent repression, of Black people, poor people, and colonized people. Capitalists and people who were interested in maintaining empire created police to oppress people, to colonize them, to enslave them. Which means the history of policing starts with freedom and then resistance to oppression. Because if people didn't resist oppression from empires, slave owners, and capitalists, then you wouldn't need to create a police force to manage them. You wouldn't need to create a police force to capture people who ran away or to create informants to figure out their secret plans for rebellion.
I found it interesting that the history of our resistance was so muted in this history when so much of the formation of police was in response to our resistance. Why did they need cuffs, chains, and cages? Or a system of surveillance and patrols? Well, they were looking for people who were resisting, and that history of resistance is equally if not more important than just the formation of police itself. Look at all the people who were enslaved and sharing information about rebellions—in South Carolina, Barbados, Louisiana, Haiti. There were deep legacies of solidarity across borders. That resistance informed how police had to respond to that community-based resistance and insurgent work that was happening.
NE: Yes, there's something in there that flips the agency and the frame, that it didn't just start with slavery or subjugation. It started with our freedom. It started with our resistance, and there needing to be a state-led response to that resistance.
DP: Absolutely, yes.
NE: That's huge. I love that "freedom" is in the title of your book because abolition and freedom and liberation all reinforce each other. And you grapple with what freedom and safety looks like in this book, specifically for Black people. You challenge the idea that police, private property, and capitalism will make us free. There's a part where you write, "I didn't want what white people had to be the basis of our liberation. White people weren't even free. They were bound to rotten fruits of slavery, colonialism, and genocide." What does freedom and liberation look like in the context of abolition?
DP: In one sense, freedom and liberation in an abolition context is the dismantling of the prison-industrial complex—the system of police, prisons, prosecutors, and surveillance that adds so much more oppression to the violence that we face every day. Being free from those systems and eliminating the reasons why people think that we need those systems moves us closer to liberation. Freedom is also experimenting with creating the kinds of worlds that we choose for ourselves. Police are a default answer because many of us don't have agency, time, imagination, or political will to build alternative ways of being a community. Freedom is a decision and a political commitment to building that—to deciding what we want instead of defaulting to the oppressive institutions we've been given.
Freedom is a decision and a political commitment to deciding what we want instead of defaulting to the oppressive institutions we've been given.
Black political thinkers been making these arguments for generations—from Angela Davis to Ruth Wilson Gilmore to Mariame Kaba, all the way back to W. E. B. Du Bois. And for people who are fighting for or defending the traditions of abolition, it's not just about abolition alone. It's also fighting racism, homophobia, ableism. It's fighting for a world that's not rapidly heating because of industrial capitalism. We've got to ask: How do we fight what we're up against? I love the way Amanda Alexander, founding executive director of the Detroit Justice Center, frames it. She asks: "How do we do offense, defense, and dream?" How do we play defense against these systems that oppress us? How do we play offense and actively attack them? And, finally, how do we dream? How do we figure out new ways that we want to be in relationship with each other?
In the beginning of Robin D. G. Kelley's Freedom Dreams (2002), he issues a challenge that activists of my generation want to destroy and dismantle oppression, but have not given much thought to what they want to build. The book goes on to talk about artists, poets, organizers, musicians, communists, and socialists who have imagined a world they want to build that is different from the one that they inherited. Freedom is deciding to build that world, asking questions about what it is, and then reevaluating if what you did was right. It's taking the time to say, you know, we tried to do this thing. Did it work? Maybe. Will it work again? Maybe. Can we do something better? Yes. Let's try. It's an iterative process to keep going back to the drawing board and to figure out what's going to help this generation move forward.
NE: I love the idea that abolition is a commitment to experimenting and trying new things. It's not about having all the answers. In the book's opening chapter, you write, "If abolitionists had waited to convince every single person that freedom was worth the pursuit, Black people might still be on plantations. Slavery's violence and repression was riskier than Black people's plans, imagination, and will to be free. So they held the uncertainty in the bellies and started planning. Some started running." That's such an affecting and relevant point. It strikes me as exciting but also hard—holding uncertainty while moving toward freedom.
"If abolitionists had waited to convince every single person that freedom was worth the pursuit, Black people might still be on plantations."
DP: What's exciting is the refusal to accept repressive institutions. Many of the people who were able to run didn't know what was on the other side. It was enough to know that freedom could be on the other side and that what they had in front of them was wrong and worth rejecting. But we also know not everyone could physically run. There were many people who remained on plantations simply because they could not run, or they were too old, or they were children. Fortunately, there were often people who tried to make sure that people didn't get left behind. They carried each other, built wagons, and found new ways to hide and protect one another from people who were bringing them harm. And after the Civil War, people who ran went back and liberated those left behind on plantations and in jails. So we have a tradition of people who fought to make sure everyone got free, not just those who could physically run. We need to learn from them today.
One of the hardest aspects of abolition, then as now, is not having a clear timeline. People want certainty. For those who were escaping the plantations, they didn't know how much longer slavery was going to last. They didn't know if the abolitionists on their side would change their minds or get tired and burnt out. They had to act with the very limited information they had. We're in a position now where we can try to help create a timeline. Conversely, if we all don't do our part, we're going to delay the possibility of total abolition. But if we all do our part, if we continue to ask questions, to be curious, to experiment, to love, to study, to struggle, we can get there. That's very exciting—to be the ones fighting to end these oppressive institutions and making it easier for people to fight now and in the future.
NE: I want to talk a bit about your ideas around justice. In the aftermath of police killings, there are often calls for convictions of police. But in Becoming Abolitionists, you argue that we can't secure justice for the dead. You write: "Justice is a process where people decide to create the conditions that will help us all thrive, and it involves the people most impacted by those conditions. The dead cannot participate in this process. We can demand a lot of outcomes, punishment, revenge, release, relief, but not justice." Can you say more about what justice looks like to you in the aftermath of police killings?
DP: Let me underline a point I make in the passage you just read: there's no justice for the dead. What happens with the dead is that they become the rallying cry for what should happen for the living. For people such as Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, the living decide what justice is for them; they are no longer capable of deciding what justice would look like for themselves. Too often, when someone is murdered by the state, justice gets conflated with a conviction. That's the thing that we think we can win. We measure justice based on the current system that we have. To me, justice is removing the capacity for police to kill and continue to harm people in that community. To get there, we need to reduce funding for police, initiate hiring and budget freezes, and reduce encounters with police. That brings us closer to community-based justice—justice not just for the dead, but also for the living.
There's no justice for the dead. The dead become the rallying cry for what should happen for the living.
We need to start asking what communities need in the wake of police violence. Usually, the focus is on what police need. We say police need training, more diversity, a consent decree, or body cameras. No, what we need to know is what the community needs. How do you make sure the families of police victims have resources? People who are murdered by police are often the breadwinners for their children, partners, and parents. How are we accommodating the needs of that family? How are we accommodating the needs of that community? It's taking the time to be responsive, to organize.
NE: One of my favorite things about your book is how many thinkers, scholars, and organizers it is in dialogue with. Abolition feels like a conversation across generations. You make it clear that we are not out here floating without anchors, that there are deep and rich traditions for us to draw on. Why is political education so critical to the work of abolition?
DP: I didn't know what political education was until I was in law school. I remember meeting Robin D. G. Kelley and he kept talking about political education, and I was like, where do I go get it? What should I read for my political education? And he said, I can't tell you what you need for your political education. You've got to decide what it is with the people you're organizing with. And then I went to South Africa, and I watched students there engaging in political education. I watched them read different texts and use those texts to inform the demands that they were making against their schools and country. They were so passionate, and so committed to deciding how they would situate the work they were doing, asking: Are we an ANC tradition? Are we a Biko tradition? Are we a Mandela tradition? What's the legacy that's informing the work that we're doing?
To me, justice is removing the capacity for police to kill and continue to harm people in that community.
When I returned to organizing at Harvard Law School—where we were, among other demands, trying to get the school to repudiate its founding by the Royall family, which made its fortune off of Caribbean slavery—what I had witnessed in South Africa brought up a new set of questions. How do we know that we're doing the right thing? What are our politics? A group of us decided to do our own political education to help inform our demands. Once we started reading, debating, reshaping, and reformulating our demands, we realized that some of the things we had been fighting for didn't move us much closer to liberation. Some were good and important, but we could fight for something much more transformational. That's why political education is indispensable to anyone doing freedom work. And every organizing space I've been in since already knew that lesson. Look at Action St. Louis or the Dream Defenders. These are organizations that have committed to political education. Look at their demands from when they started to do some of their abolitionist campaigns. You can see that change. What it means for them to read and study Du Bois as an organizer. To figure out, what does abolition democracy mean to our movement today versus when Du Bois wrote about it in Black Reconstruction (1935) over eighty years ago. That's indispensable. And it's not something you do to just get smart or get woke or have arguments. You're reading to figure out what tradition you're in and how to keep moving toward liberation.
NE: You end the book reflecting on the Ma'Khia Bryant, a sixteen-year-old Black girl who was killed by police in Columbus, Ohio, on the day Derek Chauvin was found guilty of killing George Floyd. Why did you end the book with her story?
DP: For me, it was the juxtaposition of the excitement about the conviction happening at the same moment that we learned police had just killed another person. We're so committed to the idea that if we just start convicting police, it will make Black people safer. But it didn't make Black people safe that day. And it's because the underlying harm that created that police encounter could not be addressed with policing. Here is a little Black girl in foster care, who was being threatened and attacked by adult women, adult women who had also been in foster care. And that exchange, that fight, led to a police encounter and the death of a girl who was removed from her home primarily because her mom was poor, Black, and didn't have help in parenting her child. It made me so angry.
Becoming Abolitionists is ultimately about the importance of asking questions and our ability to create answers. Abolition is a labor of love—one that we can accomplish together if only we decide to.
As someone who's been in foster care, who's had to fight in foster care, who's had abusive foster parents, I saw so much of my life through this particularly violent situation that happened the day of the celebration. I had to write about it. I hope it shows that these systems are connected. That they must be resisted and dismantled. And that police cannot solve these problems. I hope that as people continue to examine these issues alongside each other, we also commit to dismantling them together.
Derecka Purnell
Derecka Purnell is a lawyer, writer, organizer, and author of Becoming Abolitionists: Police, Protests, and the Pursuit of Freedom. She is also a Guardian columnist.
Nia T. Evans
Nia is a Black Voices in the Public Sphere fellow at Boston Review where she writes about race, gender, politics and policing. She holds a master's degree from Harvard's Graduate School of Education. Her writing and research has been featured in Slate, The Hill, NPR, Vox, the Washington Post, and USA Today. You can find her on Twitter at @niatonitone.
Power over Policing
As Minneapolis agrees to disband its police force and Denver votes unanimously to remove police from its public schools, police abolition has entered the public consciousness with full force and considerable support.
Alongside select archival essays, this special project features lawyers, activists, historians and more responding to the demands of the 2020 uprisings. They not only boldly imagine an abolitionist future without police and prisons, but outline the steps needed to get us there.
Accept Nothing Less Than Police Abolition
Lydia Pelot-Hobbs
Police Reform Doesn't Work
Michael Brenes
Police Violence Is a Disability Justice Issue
Twenty Years Later, Guantánamo Is Everywhere
The lawless—and ongoing—administration of the prison by four American presidents underwrites the broader democratic crisis we face today.
Baher Azmy
The Fight for Reparations Cannot Ignore Climate Change
Racial redress should be modeled on the global anticolonial tradition of worldbuilding.
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò
The Invisible Hand of Greg Tate
Robin D. G. Kelley and Bongani Madondo honor the writer's life, work, and legacy.
Robin D. G. Kelley Bongani Madondo


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'13 Reasons Why' Author Jay Asher Responds to Sexual Harassment Claims
Meaghan Darwish February 14, 2018, 3:45 pm
Beth Dubber/Netflix
Dylan Minnette and Katherine Langford in 13 Reasons Why
UPDATE: As of February 14, 2018, Jay Asher's spokesperson Tamera Taylor has since released a statement on his behalf:
"The SCBWI's recent statement about author Jay Asher is completely false. There was no allegation, investigation or finding of sexual harassment.
In April 2017, Mr. Asher voluntarily agreed that he would no longer attend SCBWI conferences. This was in response to hurt feelings of a group of authors with whom he had consensual relationships that ended poorly.
Mr. Asher was not banned by the SCBWI. In fact, when he let his membership in the group lapse last summer, Lin Oliver, the group's executive director, suggested that he keep his membership going. He did as requested, and Mr. Asher's membership is active today.
These women were not subordinates of Mr. Asher; they were his peers and they each entered into romantic relationships with him voluntarily, with some initially pursuing him.
Mr. Asher was married at the time of these relationships, as were many of the women. He is deeply sorry for the pain these consensual decisions caused his family, and others.
The false statements to the news media have resulted in inaccurate and hurtful news coverage, which is threatening Mr. Asher's livelihood. Mr. Asher has retained legal counsel and is demanding SCBWI and Lin Oliver promptly retract the false and defamatory statements they made."
ORIGINAL STORY: Last March, 13 Reasons Why made waves when it premiered on Netflix. The series—focusing on a teenage girl named Hannah (Katherine Langford) and the tapes she made before her suicide—became a national phenomenon, causing both controversy and conversation.
Does '13 Reasons Why' Go Too Far? Inside the Raging Debate Surrounding the Netflix Drama
A probing look at the ongoing debate regarding the depiction of teenage suicide in Netflix's '13 Reasons Why'.
Now, the show is making headlines again, but this time, it's for the sexual harassment claims being made against author Jay Asher. The public is now learning that the writer, who penned he show's primary source material, Thirteen Reasons Why, was kicked out of The Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators late last year for breaking their code of conduct.
Asher and another author were banned from the group based on these allegations, though no specific details have been released. On Mandy, Asher released a statement to Buzzfeed addressing the accusations, stating that he's been "thrown under the bus."
'13 Reasons Why' Renewed for Season 2
Producer Selena Gomez announced the news via Instagram.
"It's very scary when you know people are just not going to believe you once you open your mouth," he continued. "I feel very conflicted about it just because of what's going on in the culture and who's supposed to be believed and who's not."
Though he was banned from the organization last year, this is all coming to light now in part due to the #MeToo movement. It also doesn't help that some of the subjects Asher tackles in his novel are bullying, harassment, and even rape.
Jay Asher with 13 Reasons Why stars Katherine Langford and Dylan Minnette
Of course, these claims have yet to effect the popular Netflix show: 13 Reasons Why is expected to return sometime in 2018, with Katherine Langford returning as Hannah.
Time will tell if the claims against Asher will have any impact on the second season.
13 Reasons Why, streaming now, Netflix
'The Watch' Preview: Mysterious Baddie Carcer Dun Keeps Danger Alive Yesterday, 11:00 am
10 Top Betty White Moments in Celebration of Her 99th Birthday 1 hour ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Matthaeus von Wesenbeck (* 11. August 1600 in Bremen; † 24. April 1659 ebenda) war ein brandenburgischer Staatsmann.

Leben

Herkunft und Familie
Die Familie Wesenbeck stammt aus Brabant, ihr Stammhaus Wesenbeck liegt bei Brüssel. Der reformierte bedeutende flämisch Jurist Matthias Wesenbeck (1531–1586) war sein Großvater. Die Eltern waren Anastasius von Wesenbeck (* 1569 in Jena; † in Verden) und Margarethe (von) Schnedermann aus dem Hause Strohm im Stift Bremen.

Wesenbeck vermählte sich in erster Ehe in Berlin mit Magdalena Hübner († 1630 in Küstrin). Ein zweites Mal trat er mit Maria Magdalene von Hardesheim († 1686 zu Bremen) in den Stand der Ehe. Von acht Kindern überlebten den Vater vier Söhne, die sämtlich in Frankfurt an der Oder studierten, sowie eine Tochter.

Er war Erbherr auf den märkischen Gütern Grimnitz und Balkow. Am 5. Mai 1650 wurde ihm auf eigenen Antrag, vom Kaiser, der Adel, den sich schon sein Großvater 1575 konfirmieren ließ, erneut bestätigt.

Werdegang
Wesenbeck studierte seit 1622 Marburg und Frankfurt an der Oder, dann seit 1624 in Wittenberg und Altdorf, erwarb wohl schließlich 1627 Lizentiat beider Rechte.

Am 10. Juni 1630 wurde er zum Regierungsrat der neumärkischen Regierung in Küstrin ernannt. 1634 erhielt er dazu die Hof-Advokatur mit einer Besoldung von 350 Talern im Jahr. Er wechselte 1639 als Kriegs-, Hof- u. Kammergerichtsrat nach Cölln, begann aber bereits im Folgejahr seine diplomatische Laufbahn.

Vom Sommer 1640 bis Oktober 1641 hatte er die Führung der pommerschen Stimme auf dem Reichstag in Regensburg inne. Von Mai 1643 bis Mai 1645 war er Gesandter auf dem Reichsdeputationstag in Frankfurt am Main. Er war weiterhin seit September 1645 und bis Februar 1649 einer der brandenburgischen Vertreter auf dem Westfälischen Friedenskongreß in Münster und Osnabrück, schließlich von April 1649 bis Dezember 1650 ebenfalls Gesandter auf dem Nürnberger Exekutionstag.

Als Der Fähige wurde er bereits 1645 in die Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft aufgenommen. 1651 avancierte er zum Kanzler des Fürstentum Minden und schließlich 1655 bzw. 1658 zum Wirklichen Geheimen Rat.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Gesandten beim Westfälischen Frieden

Literatur

Weblinks

 433 Matthaeus (von) Wesenbeck (Der Fähige) in der Mitgliederdatenbank der Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft

Einzelnachweise

Verwaltungsjurist
Hofbeamter
Wirklicher Geheimer Rat
Diplomat
Gesandter (Westfälischer Friede)
Kanzler (deutsche Geschichte)
Adliger
Geboren 1600
Gestorben 1659
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A 12-year-old boy has been charged following investigations into a single vehicle traffic crash at Kirwan yesterday.
Preliminary investigations indicate just before 7am a boy driving a mini-van on Ross River Road lost control causing the vehicle to roll.
All six occupants of the vehicle were treated at the scene and two boys aged 10 remain in a critical condition.
A 12-year-old boy was charged with seven offences including three counts of dangerous operation of a vehicle and one count each of unlawful use of a motor vehicle, enter premises and commit indictable offence by break, receiving tainted property and driving a motor vehicle without a driver licence.
A 14-year-old has also been dealt with under the provisions of the Youth Justice Act.


Stage 2 proceedings of the Environment (Wales) Bill took place in the Environment and Sustainability Committee on 26 November 2015. Stage 2 is the first chance for Assembly Members to make amendments to the Bill.
During the Stage 2 meeting on the Environment Bill a number of amendments were agreed. In addition the Minister for Natural Resources, Carl Sargeant, indicated a number of areas where the Welsh Government will be seeking to bring forward further amendments at Stage 3.
An amendment requiring the Welsh Ministers when publishing a National Natural Resources Policy to set out the priorities, risks and opportunities for biodiversity.
Requiring Welsh Ministers to lay a statement before the Assembly setting out how they will address a failure to achieve a carbon budget within 3 months of notifying the Assembly that a carbon budget has been exceeded. The Bill previously said this had to be 'as soon as reasonably practicable'.
Requiring Welsh Ministers to publish any consultation responses received during the development of a National Natural Resources Policy.
Including a biodiversity index and targets on the face of the Bill.
Stage 3 of the Bill will take place in January 2016 when the Assembly as a whole will have an opportunity to amend the Bill during a Plenary debate.


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Laplink.PCmover.Windows.Upgrade.Assistant.v10.1.649 Systemtools 138 MB 08.11.17.
Laplink.PCmover.Professional.v10.1.649 Systemtools 138 MB 08.11.17.
Laplink.PCmover.Image.&.Drive.Assistant.v10.1.649 Systemtools 138 MB 08.11.17.
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Anticloud.for.Adobe.Creative.Cloud.2018.Rev.3 Systemtools 5 MB 08.11.17.
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Abvent.Artlantis.Studio.v6.5.2.14.(x64) Grafik/Design 540 MB 08.11.17.
All.Activation.Windows.7-8-10.v17.0 Systemtools 490 MB 05.11.17.
Tekla.Structures.v2017i CAD/CAM/CAE 802 MB 05.11.17.


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Small California Church Leads Community to Pack Thousands of Shoebox Gifts
November 15, 2017 • United States
Pastor Bill and Robin Rist pause to show their support of Operation Christmas Child in front of their rural California home.
A rural congregation of 10 rallies ranchers to get involved with Operation Christmas Child.
Nestled in the Gabilan Range just 15 miles east of King City, California, is the community of Lonoak. Once a bustling stagecoach stop in the 1800s, now all that remains of that time are two houses and the vast amounts of surrounding ranch land.
Members of Brushed Up Ministries pause to pray after setting up for the packing party on Saturday afternoon.
Just down the road in a more than 100-year-old school building called Tully Hall, Brushed Up Ministries—a 10-member congregation made up primarily of ranchers—hosted 80 people on November 12 for their annual Operation Christmas Child packing party.
After a brief Gospel message by Pastor Bill Rist, members of the community started filling shoeboxes with toys, school supplies, and hygiene items as they also prayed for the boys and girls who will receive them.
After only about six and a half hours of packing, the community had loaded 2,175 shoebox gifts onto a livestock trailer to be transported to a nearby drop-off location.
The group celebrates packing 2,175 boxes in 6.5 hours.
Included with those boxes was the suggested donation for shipping and other ministry costs. Despite the small size of the congregation and the challenging volume of shoebox gifts they collect, every year God provides the army of people necessary for this part of the project.
Brushed Up is a church plant of First Baptist Church in King City that's focused on reaching the ranching community in the Gabilan Range. Led by Pastor Bill and his wife Robin who also tend roughly 200 cattle on 6,000 acres of leased land in the area, the church is named after a cattleman's term for when an animal feels threatened and runs into brush for safety. It is called being "brushed up."
"I want to find the cowboys and the country people who are finding their comfort and safety in the wrong places and bring them to the brush pile of the Lord where they can find true comfort, true protection, and true safety," Bill said.
"Most ranchers 'brush up' in their work—we're workaholics. I want to help them find their identity in Christ."
Looking Ahead to This Day All Year
Members of the church collect items year-round for their annual packing party and store them at the Rists'. They earn money for the project by taking on side jobs and sorting through recycling at a local dude ranch.
Tully Hall swells with people for the annual Brushed Up packing party.
Members of the community also approach them with donations for the project while three of the women knit hats throughout the year to include in the boxes.
Through prayer and determination, the church has packed more than 1,000 shoeboxes each of the past five years. Shari Schmidt said, "There's only 30 ranches in this valley. It's pretty amazing what we can do."
Friends of the community came from as far as an hour and a half away to join in Sunday's annual festivities.
"I want the cowboys and the country people to find true comfort, true protection, and true safety in the Lord."
Ellie Skromme, 17, exuded a contagious smile as she attached boy/girl labels to the boxes people had packed—a role she's had at Brushed Up packing parties the last few years.
Ellie Skromme enjoys labeling shoebox gifts after they are packed.
After a September car accident left her paralyzed from the waist down, she was grateful that she could still do her usual Operation Christmas Child role from her wheelchair.
Ellie prays "that each child who opens their box would find the joy of the Lord."
Bill's mother, Alberta Rist, 90, packed 80 boxes on her own at home, and spoke of her desires for the children who will receive her gifts: "I hope they learn about God, become Christians, and spread the Word."
Another church member, Vickie Sabin, said, "We're kind of little, but we're kind of mighty. We try to do our part. I think the best part is that we've involved the community."
"I don't come on Sundays," said Lynn Dodge, a local cattle rancher, "but I really enjoy doing this—it makes you feel good about what you've done for the day."
"I hope they learn about God, become Christians, and spread the Word."
After being ordained at the age of 50, Bill thought God would call him to a church in Los Angeles or some other place just as foreign to the ranching lifestyle his family has enjoyed for seven generations.
Pastor Bill feeds some of his 200 head of cattle.
"I took my [all-terrain vehicle]—I don't ride my horse anymore—and rode all over the ranch saying goodbye to it and telling God I was ready to go," Bill said. "There were a lot of tears."
"We're kind of little, but we're kind of mighty. I think the best part is that we've involved the community."
"God was waiting for me to turn everything over to Him," Bill said, before the Lord made it clear that He wanted him to plant a church among ranchers in his own community.
On Mother's Day 2006, Brushed Up Ministries began meeting with a handful of families in backyards and corrals. As they moved toward fall that first year, Bill and Robin led the fledgling group to pack 126 shoebox gifts for the Samaritan's Purse project. Every year since, they have increased their shoebox total.
"In theory, we should not be able to do this," Robin said. "We don't have the money or the people. It's all the community."
Outsiders Welcomed In
An unreached Baka village in Gabon receives shoebox gifts and the Gospel with joy! ▶
Franklin Graham Thanks Processing Center Volunteers
A community event in Charlotte celebrates the hard work of shoebox packers and volunteers... ▶
Shoebox Gifts Open Doors Among the Unreached in Asia
We give thanks for how the one true living God is working through Operation Christmas... ▶
Here's Your Opportunity to Invest in the Lives of Afghan Families!
Homeowners Share Stories of Horror; Volunteers Hard at Work After Tornadoes
Afghan Translator Joins Others on Path Toward Healing
Samaritan's Purse Serves Christmas Eve Meal in Mayfield, Kentucky
Tornado Survivors in Arkansas Grateful for Help and Encouragement
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GVT (German Volumn Training) for Martial Artists?
DMSO anyone us it ?
Loosin' a little weight for a comp.
Help Building A Diet Plan.
What is your hygiene routine ?
Advice needed for a BJJ'er on complimentary exercise for Squats and Deadlifts.
Will this workout do me any good?
How Jacked is a Fat Dude?


On Sunday's Last Week Tonight, John Oliver gave a passionate defense of the nuclear deal with Iran. The Israel Project identified Oliver's main arguments in favor of the JCPOA and explained the shortcomings in his analysis. The Israel Project maintains that the major flaws of the agreement must be fixed: the sunset clauses, ballistic missiles, research and development on advanced centrifuges, verification mechanisms, and the sanctions windfall from the JCPOA.
Wrong: Rouhani is not a moderate. He's just a less extreme extremist. First, Rouhani was only elected because the ayatollah establishment put him on the ballot – the real moderates were disqualified before the election took place. Second, the human rights situation in the country has deteriorated under his reign. According to an investigation by the U.N.'s Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Iran, at least 966 people were put to death in the country in 2015—the highest number since 1989, twice as many as in 2010, and 10 times as many as in 2005.
6:04 Oliver is citing a tweet from Rouhani in which he wishes "all Jews" a Happy Rosh Hashana as a sign of his moderation.
Wrong: The accusation of having real or perceived ties to Israel is a powerful tool of oppression in the Islamic Republic and is frequently levelled against the country's few remaining Jews. The regime denies the Holocaust and regularly calls for the elimination of the state of Israel. State-owned publications publish anti-Semitic cartoons that depict Jews as demonic and malevolent creatures.
Wrong: The JCPOA does not permanently prohibit Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. To the contrary, it equips the Iranians with a patient pathway to achieve its goal. The regime in Tehran knows that by following the terms of the JCPOA, Iran will emerge as a nuclear threshold state with an industrial-size enrichment program and close to zero-breakout time in little more than a decade.
Wrong: IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano confirmed that the nuclear watchdog has been unable to verify that Iran is implementing Section T of the nuclear agreement, based on Iran's refusal to provide adequate information and access. Effectively, it means that we can't be sure that they are not designing a bomb, the crux of the nuclear agreement.
Wrong: The verification procedures to ensure Iran's compliance are not nearly as airtight as Oliver claims. Iran can hold international inspectors at arm's length for at least 24 days, and likely even for a period of three months or longer before some of the nuclear sites can be inspected. This would allow Iran to clean up sites where the country engages in weaponized activities. Experts also warn that "Tehran may only need two days to remove nuclear equipment from a small facility and remove any traces of uranium, which even environmental sampling may be unable to detect." In addition Iran has declared that military sites, where Iran has previously done nuclear weapons research, are off-limits to IAEA inspectors.
12:17 Oliver suggests that Iran is in compliance because the IAEA didn't find breaches of the agreement.
Wrong: First, that's not relevant for certification: condition 1 of Corker-Cardin requires the president to certify Iran has implemented all parts of the agreement, not that Iran hasn't been caught cheating on the parts they have implemented. Second, the IAEA hasn't caught Iran cheating because they haven't been able to look where Iran is cheating.
14:00 Oliver charges that the deal is a good deal because without it Iran could start building a bomb now.


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Narrow Web Europe
Roll-to-roll solar energy
Several label industry companies exhibited at Pharmapack in Paris.
The city of Brussels has launched a new marketing campaign.
Domino N610i inkjet label press installed in Spain
Karlville
'Speed up your success' with Gallus
Domino announces new 7-color ink set for N-series label press
John Penhallow03.09.18
The name of Count Lev Perovski may not be familiar to all readers of this column, but it was he who, in 1839, discovered and named perovskite, a compound of calcium, oxygen and titanium. This remained a geological curiosity until 10 years ago when a Japanese team discovered that certain perovskites are semi-conductors. Unlike the silicon-based semi-conductors that permeate every part of today's life, and which are brittle, the perovskite semi-conductors can be printed in roll-to-roll production. They have several drawbacks, including not liking damp conditions, but could potentially lead to that El Dorado, the fully flexible smart label. One of the first uses of the new material is likely to be in producing cheaper solar cells. Other uses could be in the construction sector, or in a wide range of label applications ranging from logistics to pharmaceuticals.
Linerless labels
The linerless label has been described, unkindly, as a product with a great future behind it. Brand owners love the idea but are wary of the cost and speed of the labeling equipment needed for linerless. For many years, Italy's Ritrama has been in the forefront of linerless developments. The company has announced a breakthrough – unsurprisingly – in direct thermal labels, of the kind used in price-weigh machines. These labels are generally one-color printed, but Ritrama offers them in a range of background colors. Ritrama's Sergio Veneziani does not give figures but says sales volumes are growing significantly. "January 2018 has already exceeded the forecasts we made at the end of 2017," he says. "As far as retail is concerned, this positive trend surely results from the fact that traditional weigh scales, which work with standard rolls, are being replaced with linerless scales. As for our products, Ritrama is currently working on a new version of Direct Thermal Linerless with a special adhesive for frozen products."
Into the cold - Labels in Russia and the 'near abroad'
In January of this year, the two Moscow exhibitions, Upakovka and Interplastika, hosted 900 exhibitors and visitors, totaling around 25,000 people. Show organizers Messe Düsseldorf reported continuing growth of the Russian packaging market. "Now that business in Russia is gaining momentum again, our foreign exhibitors noted the high degree of interest of Russian businessmen and their willingness to place orders," enthused Werner Dornscheidt of Messe Düsseldorf. But few, if any, of the big names in narrow web converting turned up. HP Indigo was present, but there were no other narrow web press manufacturers. Asked why they didn't exhibit this year, a major label pressmaker told your correspondent, "The Russian market is very quiet, we have seen few investments lately." Label converter CCL, present in most of the world's markets, operates a plant in Podolsk, just outside Moscow. Gallus has an agency office in Ukraine but interestingly does not list one in Russia. Neither company exhibited at the Moscow shows. The Russian winter this January was cold, as Napoleon learned to his cost some years back, but no colder than usual. Sanctions are unlikely to be the reason, as they hit mostly Russia's agricultural imports. A more likely reason is the slow but continuing fall in the country's industrial production.
For Russians, the term "near abroad" refers to those countries that became independent after the breakup of the USSR. Many of these, like Ukraine and Belarus, are beset with problems, both political and economic. The three Baltic States, though very different from each other, are small but promising markets for labels and packaging. All three have the euro as their currency, and all three, just after independence, were quick to apply for membership to NATO (a glance at the map tells you why). Though, for historical reasons, we group the three together. Estonia, the northernmost, is closely linked to Finland, both by geography and language. UPM Raflatac is Estonia's main supplier of labelstock, and Estonian converters like LabelPrint OÜ export both to Finland and to other parts of Scandinavia. Further south, in Latvia and Lithuania, the Finnish influence gives way to Swedish and German commercial partnerships. That has not stopped Britain's Domino from signing an agency agreement with Lipnus in the Lithuanian capital Tallin. Domino sees markets in these states for its digital inkjet label presses. Lipnus also represents Alpha Cure and supplies labelstock, UV lamps, plates and inks throughout Lithuania and to the bordering states of Latvia, Belarus and Russia's Kaliningrad enclave.
Pharmapack catches a cold
This year's Pharmapack show in Paris was one-third bigger than in 2017, no doubt buoyed by this country's reputation as the biggest pill-pusher in Europe. Alas, just before the opening of this two-day show, the city had its heaviest snowfall in years. Brushing the snow off his boots, your correspondent was pleased to find that most exhibitors had plenty of time to answer his questions. The label sector was well represented at the show, with a dozen or more converters, including market leaders Reynders, Autajon, Schreiner MediPharm and Labelys. Most were showing the tamper-proof closures and serialization technologies that will become mandatory next year. UPM Raflatac and Avery Dennison both talked up their pharma-specific labelstock and other security solutions. Track-and-trace was the buzzword for many exhibitors, including Atlantic Zeiser and ATT. Pharmapack 2018 attracted few machinery producers (Domino was an exception) and unlike Labelexpo, the exhibition has a genteel, the-doctor-will-see-you-now atmosphere. The very full program of lectures included such recondite topics as "Thoughts on the ongoing revisions of EN ISO 11607…" Happily for the organizers, the snow was largely cleared by the second day of the show, and there were more visitors around. Most exhibitors seemed happy, but one whispered that he had met just two good prospects at his booth, "And not just because of the snow."
The times they-are-a-changin'
In the bad old days, globalization was generally perceived in Europe as being the way American firms invested overseas to establish their brands worldwide. Nowadays some of the boots are on the other feet. Few consumers even in the US know that Kraft Heinz is Brazilian-owned, and now another American icon has come under the hammer. In January 2018, Dr Pepper Snapple, the world's fifth biggest producer of soft drinks, was acquired by an investment group controlled by Germany's Reimann family. Even though it's unproven whether these and similar acquisitions will benefit label converters like the German-Brazilian All4Labels Group, it certainly won't do them any harm.
Seawater-resistant labels
Herma is fast becoming a brand to be reckoned with in Europe, often mentioned in the same breath as Avery Dennison and UPM Raflatac. Herma's latest labelstock production line, with its ability to lay down two different adhesive layers, has opened up possibilities to get the best of both worlds in many specialty PS materials. Herma's latest product is a label guaranteed to meet the accepted European norm for seawater resistance (BS 5609 certificate, Section 2). For most products used in the chemical industry, this certification is required. It requires the label to be stored for three months in seawater without coming adrift. This allows labeled containers to be transported by sea without any problems, and equally important it means label converters can supply their customers with a certified product without going through the expense of testing it themselves. Watertight labelstock is one thing, however, and water-resistant inks are another. Now, after exhaustive tests carried out in cooperation with inks manufacturer Siegwerk, Herma guarantees that certain flexo inks will ensure compliance with the relevant certification. Specified inkjet inks have already been approved, as has thermal-transfer printing when a Zebra printer is used.
Shrink labeling grows
Label association FINAT and industry analyst AWA agree that shrink sleeve labeling is a vibrant part of the label business, with growth rates up to 7% annually. Your correspondent took a trip to his local (French) supermarket and found that sleeve labels were used to decorate one in five of plastic-bottled household products. Not statistically proven but a pretty good indicator, this view is shared just over the Pyrenees by Spanish label converter Ovelar. Its latest investment is an MPS flexo and gravure combination press – its fourth from this Netherlands manufacturer – specially designed for shrink label production. The new press, according to MPS commerical director Eric Hoendervangers, is for making highly complex shrink sleeves and is especially competitive for short runs. Spain's label market is expanding at above the European average, according to Iban Cid of label converter Germark. However, the country has still not fully recovered from the financial crisis of 2008-09 when unemployment hit 30% and the bottom dropped out of the property market. For the record, unemployment is now down to 16%, still the second highest in Europe after Greece, and holiday homes that could be picked up for a song are now inching up in value.
Tale of a sprout
Fifty-six thousand stickers is not the order of the century for a label converter, but this one comes with a difference. For the city fathers of Brussels have decided in their wisdom to festoon their city with stickers, badges and t-shirts marked "sprout to be Brussels." Buses, cars and public buildings are all sprouting the slogan, despite the fact that many non-English-speakers may not get the joke, which isn't much of a joke anyway. There is incidentally no truth to the rumor that Belgian farmers developed the sprout because the narrow lanes of Belgian cities could not accommodate shoppers trundling full-sized cabbages. A pity, it makes a nice story.
Avery Dennison responds to evolving film substrates market
ePac buys 10 HP Indigo 20000 flexible packaging presses
Avery Dennison releases new wine and spirits constructions
Avery Dennison meets substate demand for desktop digital printer market
Siegwerk and partners join forces to create 'Lookxury'
MPS hosts Flexo Innovation Open House event in Green Bay
A closer look at Avery Dennison innovation unveiled at Labelexpo
Labelexpo Europe 2017 in Pictures, Part 2
Herma presents safe, permanent adhesive
Adhesivos Romero Garcia goes digital with Domino
Color-Logic displays print samples with HP Indigo
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This 1879 double page color print of Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi (Star-gazer, Cod, &c.) is from W. F. Kirby's Natural History of Reptiles, Fishes, Amphibias, Insects, Worms, Mollusca, Zoophytes, & C. for the Use of Young People, which was published in London by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The print shows Star-gazer, Hake, Ling, Cod, Haddock, Dorse, Gadus minutus, and Eel Pout against an off-white background. The print measures 15.625" wide by 12.75" high and has been printed in shades of brown, gray, pale blue, green, and yellow with touches of pink and orange on fragile paper with a high acid content. This 1879 Print of Star gazer, Cod, etc. from Natural History by W F Kirby is in good condition, having retained its original colors, sharp lines, and details of each scale. The border, however, has discolored and has small tears at the bottom. Ideal for framing.


ORlean has the pleasure of inviting all master students of IEOR to our welcome session on the first day of the academic year. This will take place on Monday 24/9 at 9o'clock on the campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, in Auditorium A.03 on the second floor of building 903. There we will offer you breakfast between 9 and 10 o'clock. This immediately gives you the occasion to get to know your fellow students. After the breakfast, professor Raa (chairmen of the programme committee of the master Industrial Engineering and Operations Research) will give some more information about the master, mainly about composing your curriculum, internships, exchanges and the master dissertation.


LAFC forward Carlos Vela has said rivals LA Galaxy will "regret" allowing fellow Mexican Giovani dos Santos to leave the club.
The Galaxy exercised their option to buy dos Santos out of his contract as they had reached their limit of three Designated Players with Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Romain Alessandrini and Jonathan dos Santos.
But Vela, whose LAFC earned a stoppage time winner over Sporting KC in the opening weekend of the Major League Soccer season, said he thinks dos Santos will prove Galaxy's decision wrong.
"Obviously, I don't know the full situation but he knows, in the good times and the bad, he can count on me," Vela said. "I will always support [him] -- I will always be there for him.
"I am calm because he will show what a good player he is and surely Galaxy will regret having let him go."
Dos Santos, who started his career at Barcelona before joining in Tottenham in 2008, signed from Villarreal in 2015 but has struggled to hit the heights expected of him.
Due to MLS rules, he will continue to earn a salary from the Galaxy despite not being a registered player until he finds a new club.


7716 Austin St # 5g is located in Forest Hills, a neighborhood in Queens.
7716 Austin St # 5g is a Condo Building in Queens's Forest Hills.
The closest subway access includes the E and F at Union Tpke & Queens Blvd and the typical wait time for a taxi at 7716 Austin St # 5g is 20 minutes.
As for the demographics around 7716 Austin St # 5g, the median age is 37, 52% of residents are married, and 25% of residents have at least one child. The median individual full-time income is about $76,478 and about 34% of adults here have a bachelor's degree or higher. Voters in this area are 70% Democrat.
This address is zoned for New York City Public Schools, which is rated below average overall. You can see individual ratings and program information on nearby schools like Ps 101 School In The Gardens, Jhs 190 Russell Sage, and Townsend Harris High School in the report below.


text:
Character Class 04/24/2007
Sturdy Brawlers 4
By Skip Williams
During the past few installments of Character Class, we considered races, weapons, and armor for martial characters. This time, we conclude our look into martial characters by considering less concrete aspects of character creation. Namely, how the character acts and why the character took up a fighting career in the first place.
As with any occupation, serving as a fighting character in a party of adventures offers both rewards and hardships. The difficulties a fighting character encounters are easy to enumerate. They must be ready to exert themselves physically at almost any time. They must risk life and limb in deadly physical combat. They must spend hours, if not days, at a time encased in weighty armor that can hardly remain comfortable to wear for such long periods. Finally, they must deal with a recurrent, or possibly continuous, feeling of exhaustion and many episodes of physical pain from battle wounds or other injuries.
The rewards of a fighting career are harder to pin down. All successful adventurers enjoy numerous rewards, such as wealth, reputation, and the knowledge that they have experienced and accomplished things that most folks can only dream about. Martial characters, however, must value a few other things or they wouldn't become fighting characters. Perhaps these characters feel a special thrill when they come to grips with foes and defeat them using nothing more than muscle, stamina, steel, and well-honed fighting instincts. Fighting characters probably also feel satisfaction from knowing that their comrades depend on them for protection from physical dangers. In any case, it pays to think about what brings your character satisfaction. When you do so, you'll find it much easier to think and act as your character would.
Some Basic Personality Types
Almost any kind of person might take up a fighting career. If you're new to the game, however, consider one of the possibilities presented here. After trying a few of these, you'll be ready to try some of your own.
These characters choose martial careers because they offer direct and uncomplicated approaches to life's difficulties. Or they might take up fighting simply because they haven't considered any other alternatives. Brash characters aren't necessarily shallow or foolish, but they often are. A brash character tends to act first and consider the situation later, if ever.
A character might be brash because of inexperience. He might be young and fresh from the farm, urban neighborhood, or noble castle. He hasn't encountered enough adversity or misfortune to worry much about the consequences of his actions. A brash and youthful character also might come from a difficult childhood and be well acquainted with privation, dishonesty, and even death. He might consider himself invulnerable to misfortunes (after all, he's still alive), or he might have decided that it's best to charge ahead and embrace life as much as possible before cruel fate overtakes him.
A brash character might have plenty of life experience but act impulsively anyway. The character might believe that a positive attitude and quick action produce the best results, especially when facing the unknown.
In any case, brash characters rely on their personal fortitude, luck, and capacity for quick action to carry the day. They aren't averse to planning ahead, especially when a respected ally urges caution. They just aren't likely to think ahead themselves. The character also isn't prone to looking too deeply beyond the obvious facts in any situation. The character might prove an easy mark for con artists, or he might mistrust strangers (trusting his sword arm more than other creatures' capacity for honest dealing).
Barbarians are often brash, using their rage powers for that extra push they need to prevail when things turn out more difficult than they initially seemed. Some successful fighters and swashbucklers are brash as well, charging into combat without apology or delay. Some paladins are brash, especially the crusading types who are eager to strike a blow for their cause.
Brash characters often have chaotic alignments to suit their impulsive nature, but it's certainly possible to be brash and lawful. Such characters have one-track minds and tend to see things in terms of stark black and white. A brash character might be good or evil. A good character who is brash might be overly trusting or very much focused on serving some greater good or short-term goal. In evil characters, brashness often translates into a violent nature and an abrupt manner.
Most brash characters are humans, half-orcs, or halflings. Dwarves or elves usually are too disciplined or thoughtful to be brash, but exceptions are possible.
These characters relish their physical prowess. They like breaking things and smashing their foes into pulp. They choose fighting careers because they emphasize brute force over trickery or finesse. In any case, crude characters usually lack social graces. They scratch, belch, spit, and don't waste much time with the nicer social conventions.
A crude character might be ignorant of the social rules she breaks, or she might enjoy offending other people's sensibilities. She might always have been something of a boor and bully, or she might have gradually become jaded and developed an abrasive and rebellious nature. Perhaps some dire event in the character's past broke her down. Some crude characters might come from privileged backgrounds -- they're so spoiled they've never had to worry about offending anyone, and they're not accustomed to finishing second.
Unlike a brash character, however, the crude character often embraces careful reconnaissance and planning -- all the better for producing maximum carnage once she enters battle. Crude characters may relish single combat for the unadulterated joy of an unshared victory.
Not surprisingly, many barbarians are crude. Crude hexblades use their spells to create extra mayhem, and crude fighters can do very well. Paladins, knights, and samurai, with their courtly ways and traditions, usually don't do well as crude characters.
Crudity can pair well with most alignments. Chaotic characters are accustomed to doing things their own way, and disdain for social conventions often comes naturally to them. Likewise, a chaotic outlook lends itself well to a taste for destruction. Evil characters often find that crude actions make them more fearsome. Evil characters usually don't care how their actions affect others. Good characters are seldom crude unless they simply don't know any better or they harbor a rebellious streak.
Half-orcs and dwarves, with their racial Charisma penalties, often are crude. Halflings, with their penchant for wandering in uncivilized lands, and gnomes, with their love of pranks and jokes, usually have no trouble being crude. Elves and half-elves, with their high culture and flair for diplomacy, usually don't do well as crude characters unless you're out to deliberately play them against type.
Taciturn
Some martial characters have flinty personalities and unsympathetic natures. The uncompromising nature of physical combat -- you must fight and win to survive -- suits them well. Such characters often shrug off the discomforts of a martial career, and they're capable of killing without feeling a bit of remorse.
A taciturn character might be driven by some powerful desire such as revenge, wealth, or status. Or perhaps the character has a tragic past that caused him to withdraw into himself, building emotional armor every bit as tough as the physical armor he wears. Another might be fatalistic, weary of the world's troubles and resigned to fate that condemns him to endless struggles against earthly foes and his own inner demons. Or perhaps the character is doomed by some prophetic curse, real or imagined.
A taciturn character is always a smart and deadly combatant. He might fight according to some plan, even if it's as simple as defeating his foes one by one. Perhaps he simply throws himself utterly into a battle, risking all in a bid to win or to die trying. Thanks to his unfeeling nature, a taciturn character isn't given to taking prisoners or granting mercy, though his friends might persuade him to show mercy if the group can gain some advantage by doing so.
A member of any martial class might be taciturn, except for barbarians, who are prone to displays of powerful emotions. Even so, a barbarian might maintain a facade of even temper, which he breaks only under extreme circumstances.
Taciturn characters often follow a personal code or serve some tradition or higher power. This personality is well suited for lawful characters. Taciturn characters have steady minds and tightly controlled emotions, which makes this personality ill suited for chaotic characters unless they're downright mean and ruthless. Evil characters might easily be taciturn. Good characters aren't often taciturn unless they're fatalistic or prone to melancholy.
A character of almost any race might become taciturn. Dwarves are infamous for being gruff and well suited to a taciturn personality.
Some characters believe that fighting is a high calling (perhaps the highest calling). These characters stand at the front of a party, facing the worst dangers, because they know someone must do it, and it might as well be them. Most of these characters are natural leaders, though many of them accept subordinate roles.
A character might be literally noble -- that is, an aristocrat. Others can come from humble backgrounds. Many noble characters are well educated. Privileged characters might have attended formal schools or learned from private tutors. Characters from modest or poor backgrounds probably had some influential mentor who gave them a sense of mission in life. In either case, a noble character has a sense of history and understands that the success or failure of any venture often depends on a single person who makes a heroic effort or sacrifice at the right place and at the right time.
A noble character prefers to lead the attack when entering battle. This urge to be out front might arise from vanity -- the character sees herself as a great hero who simply must lead the charge. Other noble characters consider the whole group when entering combat. When possible, they formulate plans for getting the most out of the group's abilities. Naturally, the battle plan places the noble character front and center because she has the physical prowess to anchor the group.
A noble character often has some personal code that affects how she fights. For example, the character might never accept retreat as an option in combat, eschew ranged or reach weaponry because she thinks keeping foes at a distance is unchivalrous, or refuse to attack flat-footed opponents. Others will consider any course of action that might ultimately bring success. The choice ultimately boils down to how the character sees herself -- indefatigable champion or dedicated servant.
Any martial class can fit with the noble personality, though paladin, knight, or samurai are natural matches. Barbarians and fighters also make great self-sacrificing (or self-absorbed) heroes.
Nobility fits best with lawful alignments in keeping with the character type's propensity to consider others first. A noble character could be chaotic, especially if most of her noble sentiments involve herself. Likewise, nobility fits better with good than evil, though even an evil character might dedicate herself to some cause or think of herself as a great leader or hero.
Dwarves, with their sense of community and forbearance in the face of adversity, fit the noble type well. Elves and half-elves often have a sense of history or a talent for getting along with others which suits the noble type. Humans and halflings, too, can rise to great heights when serving a higher purpose or simply protecting kith and kin.
These characters enjoy the thrill of victory no matter how minor or how it's achieved. A clever martial character has plenty of brawn but prefers to rely on his brains. They choose fighting careers to take advantage of their natural talents for physical tasks and because they like taking risks. They're not afraid to engage in lethal combat when necessary but are just as happy when they can embarrass or hoodwink foes. Some clever characters can't resist showing off a little. They not only fight smart, they make sure everyone knows it.
Clever characters often come from backgrounds where resourcefulness is a necessity. They might be orphans who grew up on the streets, former soldiers forced to live off the land for a time, or poor peasants who've eked out a living from a small parcel of land. Sometimes, clever characters were sickly or puny children who worked hard to become fit or who simply found themselves hale and hearty once they got their full growth. A clever character might have suffered a grave defeat and learned the hard way that sometimes it pays to think before crossing swords with a foe, or perhaps the character had an opportunity to work for a while with a true strategist. For example, the character might have been a servant to a famous general or had a friend who was a grizzled veteran of many wars.
Clever characters seldom plunge into fights without taking some time to learn what they face. Even when ambushed, they'll often attempt to withdraw to a safe place until they get their bearings or at least turn their attention to foes who seem familiar before tangling with opponents whose powers they can only guess.
Many swashbucklers embrace the clever type, albeit with some panache thrown in. Martial characters who have some magic to wield, such as paladins or hexblades, can do well as clever characters. The clever type usually doesn't work well for barbarians, because they tend to lose control when raging. However, a barbarian who shows some animal cunning and who is judicious about raging could be very successful as a clever character.
A character of any alignment might be clever. Chaotic characters tend to be flamboyantly clever. Lawful characters tend to be more careful and steadfast. Good clever characters discreetly use their power and intellect to solve problems with a minimum of violence and bloodshed. Evil clever characters tend to be sly and calculating.
Elves, halflings, and gnomes often adopt the clever type out of necessity. Humans and half-elves, too, often find that the surest way to victory is through clear thinking. Dwarves and half-orcs usually prefer action over deliberation, but even these races produce their share of strategists and even a few showoffs.
As noted earlier, these are only a few options for martial characters. Keep in mind that the examples presented here can be combined to create more complex characters. For example, your character might be high-minded and noble but with a hint of brashness.
You can create your own personality types as well. Consider why your character chose a fighting profession and what life experiences might have led up to that decision. Also consider how the character's personality and history affect the way the character handles a fight.
To learn more about the sturdy brawler, be sure to read our installments on character roles, martial races, weapons and fighting styles, and armor.
Skip Williams keeps busy with freelance projects for several different game companies and was the Sage of Dragon Magazine for many years. Skip is a co-designer of the D&D 3rd Edition game and the chief architect of the Monster Manual. When not devising swift and cruel deaths for player characters, Skip putters in his kitchen or garden (rabbits and deer are not Skip's friends) or works on repairing and improving the century-old farmhouse that he shares with his wife, Penny, and a growing menagerie of pets.
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Hunting dogs and their owners have stronger bonds than most owners and dogs, with the hunting the added adhesivewith squirrel hunting dogs better than most. Breeds that are best for squirrel hunting tend to favor the curs and feists, with some terriers good at it also. The best squirrel dog that is able to track the scent of the squirrel to where it is located, and then notify the remaining pack and hunters, is considered an excellent one at "treeing the squirrel." The squirrel hunters feel if a dog is good with squirrel hunting traits, it really doesn't matter the breed, even though once they find one they stay with it.
Squirrel hunting dogs demonstrate an abundant energy and stamina, an excellent sense of smell, and are able to maintain a highly alert hunt with their eyes and ears. Excellent companions to their owners, they are part of the family, due to their high responsive behavior to commands and their ability to need less discipline than most other breeds. Squirrel hunting dogs are part of a hunting field all its own, with little in common with the other hunting types.
The rule of thumb is hunting dogs that hunt game well, other than squirrel, are usually not as good at squirrel hunting. Once this dog is found, squirrel hunters will breed this dog down for generations to maintain this natural squirrel hunting instinct. The physical characteristics of a feists, one of the best squirrel hunting dog, is a small dog that weighs less than 30 pounds, and stands 10-18 inches at the shoulder. The feists breed is a short-haired type with a variation of solid or mixed and makes a top-notch favorite for squirrel hunting dogs success story.
Another favorite breed for squirrel hunting dogs is the cur, which many non-hunters refer to as a low-class mutt due to their lack of knowledge of hunting dogs. This breed was developed during the medieval times in Europe, and was known as a favorite of the peasant farmer and herders. The dog came to the New World with our settlers, with squirrel hunting as one of its best functions. They have a high sense of smell allowing them to hunt with their head up, and are powerful and courageous fighters, having developed an instinct for family protection. Weighing 40-60 pounds, and standing 17-24 inches at the withers, they are considered a short-haired strong muscular dog in an assortment of colors. This dog also is known as an excellent hunter for bear and wild hogs, but their intelligence is best used for squirrel hunting, instead of brute strength.
Squirrel hunting dogs lasts about two to three hours tops, with an estimate of more than a dozen to two dozen squirrels hunted during that time. But if the squirrels are denned in the trees, the dogs cannot get a scent so the hunt will not be as productive as if they are done. Known as being highly unpredictable, a hunt is always a wild guess. It is one of the few sports when the noise of the hunters and dogs do not deter the hunting of the squirrel.