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An Amplification of HR Legal Trends from the Last Decade
February 6, 2020 / Stephanie Davis / 0 Comments
In our ever-changing workforce, it's more important than ever for employers to stay on top of HR trends and what legal implications they may have on their organization, workplace culture and overall brand. We had the chance to speak with Greg McGinnis, Partner at Matthews Dinsdale & Clark LLP, about upcoming trends in employment law. What we discovered was that the trends from the latter half of the last decade are amplifying. Read on to see how.
Although there have been many societal shifts within the last few years, Greg comments that there really aren't any new or radical changes in employment law, but rather previous trends are continuing. He does mention, however, that there's a common theme or phenomenon happening as a result of previous trends, like the #MeToo movement, legalization of Cannabis and diversity in the workforce, which is fostering an increased demand for flexibility and zero tolerance for toxic workplaces.
Flexibility and Accommodation
"The main trend, if I can call it that, is that people are looking for flexibility in their work. They're looking for flexibility in terms of hours of work, days of work, time off when they need it. The big trend is that employees want their work to fit in with their lives, and so employers are increasingly having to accommodate that kind of flexibility. That comes in all kinds of different forms. One form would be people who have young children, who want the time for child care or to attend events in their kids' lives. Then you also have, especially in Canada, a large population of people who come from other places originally and they travel, so they want to have longer periods of time off to visit family or just travel. There's an increasing trend towards flexibility at work, where it could be accommodated."
"The idea that work is Monday to Friday, 9 to 5 and you better just show up – that concept has slowly been eroding for a long time and it's continuing to erode. There are of course jobs where you need to be [at work] for certain time periods, but even then, people will want extended time off. We see this in every domain, from factory workers to office workers. People are demanding that their personal life and needs are reflected at work."
Zero Tolerance for Toxic Workplaces
As a result of the same societal factors that gave rise to the #MeToo movement, Greg has found that the number of complaints being made that require the employer to carry out investigations has significantly increased. "I would say the #MeToo movement is a reflection of the same underlying phenomenon that people aren't prepared to be treated poorly or suffer in silence. There's next to no tolerance for toxic workplace behaviour. It is increasingly important for employers to ensure their workplace provides a positive, constructive atmosphere for people to work in and if they don't do it, they will be facing a requirement to invest in workplace investigations…There's a whole raft of time-consuming expensive consequences that can result from not dealing with these problems."
Diversity is an important value for many organizations. In Greg's experience, diversity hiring has to be managed effectively by most employers to ensure all job seekers are given an equal opportunity to join a positive workplace, but that's not always easy to achieve and maintain once your workforce becomes diverse. "Diversity has an impact on workplace culture because when you have new people or experiences, people come to work with different cultural expectations or behaviours that may require an adjustment on the part of the employer."
Once you recruit a diverse workforce, you need to ensure your policies are, and the workplace is, welcoming, accommodating and, again, flexible. "You have a diverse workforce, you need a diverse workforce, then you need to find ways to reconcile new and different expectations where you need to get the work done. The challenge of diversity is that you don't really know what's next, you have to adapt to the people you are employing the best you can, and they need to adapt to you too."
Cannabis: Biggest Issue That's a Non-issue
Now that Cannabis has been legal in Canada for over a year, there have been minimal impacts on employment law, according to Greg. "Cannabis is the big nothing. It may have a long term impact, but the short term impact has been next to zero."
"It's not that all of a sudden people are bringing their drugs to work or consuming drugs in a different way. Most employers in anticipation of the legalization of cannabis took another look at their fitness for duty policies, and perhaps even their testing policies and gave some thought on how to approach that. Then legalization occurred and people braced themselves for the onslaught of stoners as if all of a sudden we were all going to turn into Cheech and Chong and it just didn't happen!"
"Outside of safety-sensitive positions where someone could be seriously injured or killed or your actions could result in someone being seriously injured, or death or property damage, the issue of cannabis has not made any difference. And I think the reason for that is – cannabis is just one intoxicant. There's a wide array of drugs out there, legal and illegal, and the legalization of cannabis has had a marginal impact on the way cannabis impairment, specifically, has been addressed when it's been detected."
There were concerns about the 'gig' economy and the impact on the career prospects for millennial and Gen Z workers, but in regards to employment law, it's really only made employers consider instituting more flexible work environments.
"My perspective on the gig economy is that it's provided opportunities for people to work in small amounts on their schedule that competes with the regular employment pool. So people who want more flexibility can get it by becoming a gig worker. I think the gig economy has expanded opportunities for people. [Employers] have to recognize that their employees can go and do consulting or gig work as an alternative to regular employment. So it forces more flexibility onto employers as well."
With the evolution and expansion of trends from the last few years, Greg notes that in the legal sphere, changes in the law are harder to predict. "The world of work is driven more by cultural change than by legal change. We're not seeing a lot of radical legal changes now or anticipated in the future. The society is changing, so we have to respond to that." It's important that employers are staying on the cutting edge of emerging and continuing societal and workplace trends, especially when considering incoming talent will come into the workforce with new and sometimes challenging expectations for employers to meet.
For more TalentEgg Legal Briefs, be sure to subscribe to our monthly employer and career educator newsletter.
Diversity and inclusion: Showing support and taking action
October 22, 2014 / Michelle Sammut / 0 Comments
It's as true in business as it is in life: we are better when we work as one.
Diversity and inclusion are societal values that Canadians hold in high regard, and Canadian employers are adopting these values into their overall corporate structures.
In order to thrive, businesses must understand the connection between a diverse, inclusive workforce and long-term success.
360 poll results: Top campus recruitment priorities for 2013-2014
June 25, 2013 / Cassandra Jowett / 0 Comments
The summer is a busy time for campus recruitment professionals across Canada as you prepare to launch new on-campus and online campus recruitment campaigns for the 2013-2014 school year.
Due to labour shortages and skills gaps, competition for talent continues to heat up in many industries, including natural resources (mining, oil and gas, forest products, etc.), financial services and technology. Continue reading


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Playing God: A Discussion of Power
Speaker(s): Andy Crouch
Date: June 5 2014
Length: 1h33min
Product ID: RGDL4402F
MP3 Download - $5.00
Power corrupts - as we've seen time and time again. People too often abuse their power and play god in the lives of others. Shady politicians, corrupt executives, and ego-filled media stars have made us suspicious of those who wield influence and authority. They too often breed injustice by participating in what the Bible calls idolatry. Yet power is also the means by which we bring life, create possibilities, offer hope and make human flourishing possible. This is "playing god" as it is meant to be. If we are to do God's work - fight injustice, bring peace, create beauty, and allow the image of God to thrive in those around us - how are we to do these things if not by power?
Andy Crouch unpacks these ideas from his book Playing God: Redeeming the Gift of Power. Andy facilitates and leads a conversation about humanity's role in God's economy. What are the implications to our day to day lives if we re-enact our creative, life-giving and redeeming role that we were originally ordained with?
See All Audio by Andy Crouch
Andy Crouch is executive editor of Christianity Today. He is also the author of Culture Making: Recovering Our Creative Calling, winner of Christianity Today's 2009 Book Award for Christianity and Culture and named one of the best books of 2008 by Publishers Weekly, Relevant, Outreach and Leadership. In 2011 he became special assistant to the president at Christianity Today International, where he has served as executive producer of the documentary films Where Faith and Culture Meet and Round Trip. He is a member of the editorial board of Books & Culture, a senior fellow of the International Justice Mission's IJM Institute, and a member of the Board of Advisors for the John Templeton Foundation. He lives with his family in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
From 1998 to 2003, Andy was the editor-in-chief of re:generation quarterly, a magazine for an emerging generation of culturally creative Christians. For ten years he was a campus minister with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship at Harvard University. He studied classics at Cornell University and received an M.Div. summa cum laude from Boston University School of Theology. A classically trained musician who draws on pop, folk, rock, jazz, and gospel, he has led musical worship for congregations of 5 to 20,000.
Poetry and the Word: Roundtable Discussion
Speaker: Lynn Cohick, Malcolm Guite, Phil Long … (see details for all)
Who Was Jesus?
Speaker: N.T. Wright
Reading the Song of Songs as Ancient Love Lyrics & as Word of God
Speaker: Tremper Longman III
The Meaning of the Sacraments
Speaker: Gordon Smith
The Ongoing Story: Church & Culture, 1500-2000 (CTC II Winter 2006)
Speaker: Sarah Williams
Hymns and the Christian Spirit: A Short History of Song and Devotion
Speaker: Bruce Hindmarsh, Steve Bell
I've Been Meaning to Tell You This: Confessions of an Ex-Pastor
Speaker: Mark Buchanan
Introduction to Christian Spirituality
Speaker: Glen Scorgie
Stop in the Name of Love: The Radical Practice of Sabbath-Keeping
Speaker: Susan Phillips
Reading Paul Missionally
Speaker: Michael Gorman
Ancient-Future, Ekklesial, Emerging, Missional, New Monasticism? Practicing Church Theology
Speaker: Jonathan Wilson
Spiritual Pilgrimage: Image & Experience
Speaker: Maxine Hancock
Roundtable Discussion: History in the Ancient World & Us: Historiography in Relation to Ancient Conventions
Speaker: John Walton, Phil Long
Living with Never-Ending Expectations as a Leader
Speaker: Peter Shaw
Roundtable Discussion: Soul Health: How to Survive in the Church and the Academy
Speaker: Gordon Smith, Mariam Kovalishyn, Maxine Hancock … (see details for all)
Icons in Prayer and Worship
Speaker: Ralph Wood
The Mindfulness of Marilynne Robinson
Speaker: Chad Wriglesworth
Reading Culture: The War of Myths and the Mission of the Church
Speaker: Iain Provan
1 Corinthians - The Rock Garden Series
Speaker: Rikk Watts
Teaching and Admonishing One Another Through Worship in the Spirit
Speaker: Cherith Fee Nordling
The History of Evangelicalism
Speaker: David W. Bebbington, Mark Noll
Lunchtime Lecture - Protestantism without reformation: Bonhoeffer's View of the North American Churches
Speaker: David Robinson
Roundtable Discussion: 'Watch What You Say!': The Use and Abuse of Words
Speaker: Craig Gay, Iwan Russell-Jones
Roundtable Discussion: The Bible In Contemporary Storytelling
Speaker: Drew Lewis, Everett Hamner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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<< Previous TITLE 18 / PART II / CHAPTER 207 / § 3156 Next >>
18 USC 3156: Definitions Text contains those laws in effect on January 14, 2021
From Title 18-CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDUREPART II-CRIMINAL PROCEDURECHAPTER 207-RELEASE AND DETENTION PENDING JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Jump To: Source CreditMiscellaneousEffective Date
(a) As used in sections 3141–3150 of this chapter-
(1) the term "judicial officer" means, unless otherwise indicated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041 of this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to detain or release a person before trial or sentencing or pending appeal in a court of the United States, and any judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia;
(2) the term "offense" means any criminal offense, other than an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost court, or other military tribunal, which is in violation of an Act of Congress and is triable in any court established by Act of Congress;
(3) the term "felony" means an offense punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of more than one year;
(4) the term "crime of violence" means-
(A) an offense that has as an element of the offense the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another;
(B) any other offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense; or
(C) any felony under chapter 77, 109A, 110, or 117; and
(5) the term "State" includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(b) As used in sections 3152–3155 of this chapter-
(1) the term "judicial officer" means, unless otherwise indicated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041 of this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to detain or release a person before trial or sentencing or pending appeal in a court of the United States, and
(2) the term "offense" means any Federal criminal offense which is in violation of any Act of Congress and is triable by any court established by Act of Congress (other than a Class B or C misdemeanor or an infraction, or an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost court, or other military tribunal).
(Added Pub. L. 93–619, title II, §201, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2088 ; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §§203(c), 223(h), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1985 , 2029; Pub. L. 99–646, §55(i), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3610 ; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40501, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1945 ; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, §607(i), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3512 ; Pub. L. 105–314, title VI, §601, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2982 ; Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §112, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 240 .)
2015-Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 114–22 inserted "77," after "chapter".
1998-Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 105–314 added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "any felony under chapter 109A or chapter 110; and".
1996-Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–294 added par. (5).
1994-Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–322 added subpar. (C).
1986-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–646 substituted "the term" for "The term" in pars. (1) to (4) and struck out "and" after "Congress;" in par. (2).
1984-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473, §203(c)(1), substituted "3141" for "3146" in provision preceding par. (1).
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–473, §203(c)(2), substituted "to detain or release" for "to bail or otherwise release" and struck out "and" after "District of Columbia;".
Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 98–473, §203(c)(3), (4), added pars. (3) and (4).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–473, §203(c)(5), substituted "to detain or release" for "to bail or otherwise release".
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–473, §223(h), substituted "Class B or C misdemeanor or an infraction" for "petty offense as defined in section 1(3) of this title".
Amendment by Pub. L. 99–646 effective 30 days after Nov. 10, 1986, see section 55(j) of Pub. L. 99–646, set out as a note under section 3141 of this title.
Amendment by section 223(h) of Pub. L. 98–473 effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such amendment, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of this title.


The Pan Am Games are Coming!
The DUFF. Designated Ugly Fat Friend. Yep. It's a real thing.
What the H*** Am I Going to Wear?
Jump-Start Your Designer Wardrobe With Only 3 Pieces!
Apply False Eyelashes Like A Pro!
Dark lipstick, Welcome to the Dark Side.
Eyeshadows for Beginners, Easy as 1, 2, 3!
Embrace The Summer, Not The Shine!
'Gardening' for the Garden-Hater and/or Plant-Killer.
White or Red Wine with Your Thanksgiving Turkey? YES!
Online Dating. Take 2. The Dates.
How a Disaster Restored my Faith in People.
Passion for a day or passion for life?
Personal Space. Learn It. Know It. Respect It.
With this still too-cold weather hanging out, it's hard to think of Spring and all the pretty blooms that come with it. Fortunately, Mother Nature is getting ready to warm up and soon enough spring showers will bring May flowers and all of the lovely greenery we look forward to. One of my favourite things about spring is getting outside and planting some beautiful things to make the summer and fall extra special. Here are a few of my tips for making the most of your garden this year.
Tools: Making sure you have everything you need before getting started is a major plus. Gardening gloves, small tools and garden twine are all very important to creating a flourishing plot. Certain plants & flowers need specific spacing, so it's always important to have a measuring tape on hand too. Getting dirty sounds fun and all, but having gloves can help to protect your hands from any stray thorns, and those plastic holders can leave deep cuts too! A small spade or trowel, mini rake and a watering can are all vital as well.
Planning: Before you start to stick the plants in the ground, it's a good idea to make a plan for where you want things to go. Colours that look nice together, which plants need more space to grow, and where your shade & sun areas are all affect a great garden. Make sure to make at least a rough idea of where you want everything to go, and leave space if you want to add anything.
Different Elements: Some people like lots of green; others want more colour. Ensure that when you make your trip to the garden centre you have an idea of what you want the space to look like. There are so many types of flowers, greenery and fillers that you want to ensure to read the labels and make sure the space you have will be compatible with your plants. Sometimes it's nice to mix your green with your flowers, so this comes back to planning your space out and ensuring you have an even balance.
There are so many great gardening ideas on how to foster large growth spots, creating a flourishing garden for your home. Check back soon for a follow up article where I discuss growing herbs, fruits & vegetables!
Creator of fabulous fetes, designer of sassy stems, glitter lover and girly girl. Creative thinker, passionate about love, and all the fabulous things that go into your big day.
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Today's world can make it very challenging to keep our main focus where it needs to be. Too often things of the world move to the foreground and matters of the heart become somewhat blurred as we run through the busyness of our days, barely able to catch a breath. No matter who we are, where we live, what we spend our time doing, it happens to all of us at some point. Life just takes hold of us from behind, it would seem, and steers us along before we realize it.
But suddenly there are those things, or moments, that come along and cause us to stop in our tracks. They give us pause and fill our hearts to overflowing again. Like holding a newborn baby in our arms whether it be our own child or our grandchild. Breathing in that sweet smell... So fresh from God... Well, there's nothing that really even compares to it. Suddenly all the fibers of our being are at once more calmed and somehow more fully alive at the same time. Deep down inside we have the comfort of knowing that this moment will be ours for a lifetime. These are the things that soften and shape us. They are our blessings and joys along this pathway of life.
Then there are those times when life throws us an unexpected curve.
Anyone who has either had cancer or been touched by it closely knows what I mean here. One moment we are sailing along, then the next moment ... well... there's a bolder in the road. What I'd like to say is this, we already know all of the bad things that go along with this dreaded illness but what some people may not realize is that, as in all things we struggle with in this world, there are good things that come out of it as well.
Although my husband still has a rash that comes and goes from the massive amount of radiation treatments he received and his energy level is not what it used to be, I stand in awe of all he is and does and can accomplish. Of course, I have to say, I have always felt this way about him really.
But let me insert this here, cancer never leaves anyone unchanged.
Scott has always been gentle natured, tender hearted, soft spoken and is more concerned for others than he is for himself. God put all of those things in his original blueprint. I have watched him, however, in the nearly five years since his battle with pancreatic cancer, and I see all of these things fine tuned to an even greater perfection in him. He laughs more often, hugs his children and grandchildren a little longer and tighter than even before. He cries with abandon when he is moved to do so. He has an endless well of compassion for others. He spends countless hours taking care of everyone in the family, including me. He never complains about anything. I believe he enjoys his family on a deeper level now. I think he pauses more often to soak in the beauty around him.
I'm not saying it's ever easy to go through any hardship that life brings our way. What I am saying is that God really does bring good out of it all though. He reminds us to focus in on what matters most in life. He fine tunes our character and softens our rough edges. Trust me, I got some much needed repair work throughout the whole process as well. One thing I know for sure is that I'd like to be just like my husband when I grow up someday; full of kindness. What else really matters in this world we wander after all, more than our kindness towards each other?
One last thing I would like to share with you is this hat I just finished knitting.
As I have walked from room to room at the Peoria Cancer Center I've noticed baskets in each room that are full of handmade hats for the patients to help themselves to. I decided that the next time I go with my sister, which will be tomorrow, I wanted to have something to toss in one of those baskets. God has blessed me abundantly and I want to give back in this very small way. So I knitted a hat. I used Knit Picks Organic Cotton thinking it would be a good choice for patients going through treatments because I know oftentimes their skin can be sensitive. This fiber is ultra soft and the cotton was grown organically. This is its natural color, free of dye. There are no chemicals whatsoever on this yarn. I hope my small gift is a blessing to someone special.
It's the very least I can do.
"What is desirable in a man is his kindness..."
Hi Danette! Your husband sounds like a true star!
The hat you made is precious! Everyone will want one!
You have a golden heart, friend.
Oh my Beca! What a thing for a 19 year old to go through! God is so good... look at you now with your beautiful family!
I continue to pray daily for your Dad and whole family.
Such a wonderful reflection, and that hat is beautiful, and made with such care and love... I can't help but believe that whomever picks that hat will be very blessed indeed.
Oh Julie... that is my prayer. Thank you for getting to the real heart of the matter. Bless you my sweet, sweet friend.


perhaps things behave different in other versions?
> control on a stack that is suspended.
> > Then if you have the long id of an object you can do this..
> >> you what stack its on, no parsing necessary.
> >> Just tried it here, and it works fine.
> >>>> be a native reference I think?
> >>> everyone would have it everywhere.


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About PEN
2021 Online Institute for Imaginative Inquiry
PEN National Conference
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The Children's School Master Class
Midtown Atlanta, GA
The Children's School is hosting a Master Class in Inclusive Leadership this summer. The leadership training session provides coaching for teachers and administrators aspiring to personal and professional advancement in independent schools.
More information here: The Children's School Master Class
The Children's School is hosting a Master Class in Inclusive Leadership this summer. The leadership training session provides coaching for teachers and administrators aspiring to personal and professional advancement in independent schools.
More information here: The Children's School Master Class
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Announcing the next cohort of NEW PEN...
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7:00pm CT on 9/16, 10/7, 11/11, & 12/9
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Want To Access Business Finance?
Learn from an expert within the field In association with Harbour Key, GrowthAccelerator is offering free clinics for companies in and around the South-West to speak to one of their experts about raising business finance.
Businesses often find that growth is hampered by a lack of funding or the know-how on obtaining funding. Accessing up-to-date information about what finance options are available to help you achieve your growth plans can also prove difficult.
The clinics offer you access to both GrowthAccelerator and the tax and funding experts at Harbour Key.
Matt Daily, an Access to Finance Growth Manager at GrowthAccelerator, and Harbour Key, will be available on 25th June (from 9am-12pm and from 1pm to 5pm) to offer specialist advice on raising finance that will support your business growth plans.
The actions you need to take in order to maximise your ability to secure finance for your business.
Places are limited for clinic sessions and need to be booked in advance. The time slots are on a first come first served basis.
These clinics are essential for those high growth companies who are seeking financial knowledge and support to enhance their business growth plans.
A free business clinic for companies in the South-West, providing the opportunity to discuss how you can raise finance for your business.


text:
César Vea (Logroño, 5 de febrero de 1965) es un actor y productor de cine español, conocido por interpretar el papel de Cesáreo Villar en la telenovela Acacias 38.

Biografía
César Vea nació el 5 de febrero de 1965 en Logroño, en la provincia de La Rioja (España), desde temprana edad mostró inclinación por la actuación.

Carrera
César Vea se licenció en teatro en el bachillerato de Madrid. Luego completó su educación estudiando actuación tanto en Nueva York como en Los Ángeles. Ha participado en numerosas series de televisión españolas como Compañeros, en Hospital Central, en Al filo de la ley, en Los simuladores, en Doctor Mateo, en Isabel, en El Ministerio del Tiempo y en la telenovela Acacias 38. En el campo cinematográfico actuó en El laberinto del fauno, en Bajo las estrellas, en La torre de Suso, en 25 kilates, en Lope, en Plan de fuga y en El tutor.

Filmografía

Actor

Cine

Televisión

Cortometrajes

Productor

Cine

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 César Vea en listal.com

Actores de cine de España
Nacidos en 1965
Nacidos en Logroño
Actores de España
Productores de cine de España

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With the long awaited BFRC Doorset Energy Rating (DSER) scheme launched on 01 September 2011, do you know what you need to do to start producing rated doors? In just the same way as windows and white goods, this new scheme scheme will allow consumers to compare the thermal insulating performance of different doors, regardless of type or material.
If you don't have a suitable Quality Management System (QMS) or Factory Production Control (FPC) system, you need to install a FPC to provide traceability and proof of compliance with the various scheme requirements. You may wish to appoint a consultancy company to assist you with implementation of a suitable Factory Production Control (FPC) system.
You will need to get a BFRC approved assessment of the performance of the door range you wish to be DER labelled. A computer based simulation prepared by a BFRC Approved Simulator is normally used to assess the door range. It is based upon standard door configurations which use doors of specific sizes depending upon type.
Once you have obtained simulation reports to provide evidence of the calculated Doorset Energy Ratings, an Independent Agency (IA) such as ER Certification Ltd. can then start the process of the factory production control assessment. During the visit to the manufacturer's premises, the IA will check through the simulation reports, confirm that the detailed components are those actually used to produce the relevant doors then check the operation of the Quality or Factory Production Control system. When the IA is satisfied that the necessary requirements have been met, they will forward an information pack including details of the assessment to BFRC, who will process the application. On payment of their fees BFRC will then issue details of the DSER labels to the door manufacturer and put information onto the BFRC website. The door manufacturer will then be able to start labelling products for sale into the market place.
Download the application form to join one of the ER Certification scheme.
More questions about the Doorset Energy Rating scheme? Then go to our Doors Q & A page.


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Luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. It was invoked to explain the ability of the apparently wave-based light to propagate through empty space, something that waves should not be able to do. The assumption of a spatial plenum of luminiferous aether, rather than a spatial vacuum, provided the theoretical medium that was required by wave theories of light.
The aether hypothesis was the topic of considerable debate throughout its history, as it required the existence of an invisible and infinite material with no interaction with physical objects. As the nature of light was explored, especially in the 19th century, the physical qualities required of an aether became increasingly contradictory. By the late 1800s, the existence of the aether was being questioned, although there was no physical theory to replace it.
The negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley experiment (1887) suggested that the aether did not exist, a finding that was confirmed in subsequent experiments through the 1920s. This led to considerable theoretical work to explain the propagation of light without an aether. A major breakthrough was the theory of relativity, which could explain why the experiment failed to see aether, but was more broadly interpreted to suggest that it was not needed. The Michelson-Morley experiment, along with the blackbody radiator and photoelectric effect, was a key experiment in the development of modern physics, which includes both relativity and quantum theory, the latter of which explains the wave-like nature of light.
In the 17th century, Robert Boyle was a proponent of an aether hypothesis. According to Boyle, the aether consists of subtle particles, one sort of which explains the absence of vacuum and the mechanical interactions between bodies, and the other sort of which explains phenomena such as magnetism (and possibly gravity) that are, otherwise, inexplicable on the basis of purely mechanical interactions of macroscopic bodies, "though in the ether of the ancients there was nothing taken notice of but a diffused and very subtle substance; yet we are at present content to allow that there is always in the air a swarm of steams moving in a determinate course between the north pole and the south".
Christiaan Huygens hypothesized that light is a wave propagating through an aether. He and Isaac Newton could only envision light waves as being longitudinal, propagating like sound and other mechanical waves in fluids. However, longitudinal waves necessarily have only one form for a given propagation direction, rather than two polarizations like transverse wave. Thus, longitudinal waves can not explain birefringence, in which two polarizations of light are refracted differently by a crystal. In addition, Newton rejected light as waves in a medium because such a medium would have to extend everywhere in space, and would thereby "disturb and retard the Motions of those great Bodies" (the planets and comets) and thus "as it [light's medium] is of no use, and hinders the Operation of Nature, and makes her languish, so there is no evidence for its Existence, and therefore it ought to be rejected".
In 1720, James Bradley carried out a series of experiments attempting to measure stellar parallax by taking measurements of stars at different times of the year. As the Earth moves around the sun, the apparent angle to a given distant spot changes. By measuring those angles the distance to the star can be calculated based on the known orbital circumference of the Earth around the sun. He failed to detect any parallax, thereby placing a lower limit on the distance to stars.
During these experiments, Bradley also discovered a related effect; the apparent positions of the stars did change over the year, but not as expected. Instead of the apparent angle being maximized when the Earth was at either end of its orbit with respect to the star, the angle was maximized when the Earth was at its fastest sideways velocity with respect to the star. This effect is now known as stellar aberration.
Bradley explained this effect in the context of Newton's corpuscular theory of light, by showing that the aberration angle was given by simple vector addition of the Earth's orbital velocity and the velocity of the corpuscles of light, just as vertically falling raindrops strike a moving object at an angle. Knowing the Earth's velocity and the aberration angle, this enabled him to estimate the speed of light.
Explaining stellar aberration in the context of an aether-based theory of light was regarded as more problematic. As the aberration relied on relative velocities, and the measured velocity was dependent on the motion of the Earth, the aether had to be remaining stationary with respect to the star as the Earth moved through it. This meant that the Earth could travel through the aether, a physical medium, with no apparent effect – precisely the problem that led Newton to reject a wave model in the first place.
A century later, Thomas Young and Augustin-Jean Fresnel revived the wave theory of light when they pointed out that light could be a transverse wave rather than a longitudinal wave – the polarization of a transverse wave (like Newton's "sides" of light) could explain birefringence, and in the wake of a series of experiments on diffraction the particle model of Newton was finally abandoned. Physicists assumed, moreover, that like mechanical waves, light waves required a medium for propagation, and thus required Huygens's idea of an aether "gas" permeating all space.
However, a transverse wave apparently required the propagating medium to behave as a solid, as opposed to a gas or fluid. The idea of a solid that did not interact with other matter seemed a bit odd, and Augustin-Louis Cauchy suggested that perhaps there was some sort of "dragging", or "entrainment", but this made the aberration measurements difficult to understand. He also suggested that the absence of longitudinal waves suggested that the aether had negative compressibility. George Green pointed out that such a fluid would be unstable. George Gabriel Stokes became a champion of the entrainment interpretation, developing a model in which the aether might be (by analogy with pine pitch) rigid at very high frequencies and fluid at lower speeds. Thus the Earth could move through it fairly freely, but it would be rigid enough to support light.
In 1856, Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch measured the numerical value of the ratio of the electromagnetic unit of charge to the electrostatic unit of charge. They found that the ratio equals the product of the speed of light and the square root of two. The following year, Gustav Kirchhoff wrote a paper in which he showed that the speed of a signal along an electric wire was equal to the speed of light. These are the first recorded historical links between the speed of light and electromagnetic phenomena.
Maxwell had, however, expressed some uncertainties surrounding the precise nature of his molecular vortices and so he began to embark on a purely dynamical approach to the problem. He wrote another paper in 1864, entitled "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field", in which the details of the luminiferous medium were less explicit.[A 2] Although Maxwell did not explicitly mention the sea of molecular vortices, his derivation of Ampère's circuital law was carried over from the 1861 paper and he used a dynamical approach involving rotational motion within the electromagnetic field which he likened to the action of flywheels. Using this approach to justify the electromotive force equation (the precursor of the Lorentz force equation), he derived a wave equation from a set of eight equations which appeared in the paper and which included the electromotive force equation and Ampère's circuital law.[A 2] Maxwell once again used the experimental results of Weber and Kohlrausch to show that this wave equation represented an electromagnetic wave that propagates at the speed of light, hence supporting the view that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
The apparent need for a propagation medium for such Hertzian waves can be seen by the fact that they consist of orthogonal electric (E) and magnetic (B or H) waves. The E waves consist of undulating dipolar electric fields, and all such dipoles appeared to require separated and opposite electric charges. Electric charge is an inextricable property of matter, so it appeared that some form of matter was required to provide the alternating current that would seem to have to exist at any point along the propagation path of the wave. Propagation of waves in a true vacuum would imply the existence of electric fields without associated electric charge, or of electric charge without associated matter. Albeit compatible with Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic induction of electric fields could not be demonstrated in vacuum, because all methods of detecting electric fields required electrically charged matter.
In addition, Maxwell's equations required that all electromagnetic waves in vacuum propagate at a fixed speed, c. As this can only occur in one reference frame in Newtonian physics (see Galilean-Newtonian relativity), the aether was hypothesized as the absolute and unique frame of reference in which Maxwell's equations hold. That is, the aether must be "still" universally, otherwise c would vary along with any variations that might occur in its supportive medium. Maxwell himself proposed several mechanical models of aether based on wheels and gears, and George Francis FitzGerald even constructed a working model of one of them. These models had to agree with the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse but never longitudinal.
Aethers were invented for the planets to swim in, to constitute electric atmospheres and magnetic effluvia, to convey sensations from one part of our bodies to another, and so on, until all space had been filled three or four times over with aethers. ... The only aether which has survived is that which was invented by Huygens to explain the propagation of light.
Contemporary scientists were aware of the problems, but aether theory was so entrenched in physical law by this point that it was simply assumed to exist. In 1908 Oliver Lodge gave a speech on behalf of Lord Rayleigh  to the Royal Institution on this topic, in which he outlined its physical properties, and then attempted to offer reasons why they were not impossible. Nevertheless, he was also aware of the criticisms, and quoted Lord Salisbury as saying that "aether is little more than a nominative case of the verb to undulate". Others criticized it as an "English invention", although Rayleigh jokingly stated it was actually an invention of the Royal Institution.
That is, movement adds only a fraction of the medium's velocity to the light (predicted by Fresnel in order to make Snell's law work in all frames of reference, consistent with stellar aberration). This was initially interpreted to mean that the medium drags the aether along, with a portion of the medium's velocity, but that understanding became very problematic after Wilhelm Veltmann demonstrated that the index n in Fresnel's formula depended upon the wavelength of light, so that the aether could not be moving at a wavelength-independent speed. This implied that there must be a separate aether for each of the infinitely many frequencies.
The key difficulty with Fresnel's aether hypothesis arose from the juxtaposition of the two well-established theories of Newtonian dynamics and Maxwell's electromagnetism. Under a Galilean transformation the equations of Newtonian dynamics are invariant, whereas those of electromagnetism are not. Basically this means that while physics should remain the same in non-accelerated experiments, light would not follow the same rules because it is travelling in the universal "aether frame". Some effect caused by this difference should be detectable.
A simple example concerns the model on which aether was originally built: sound. The speed of propagation for mechanical waves, the speed of sound, is defined by the mechanical properties of the medium. Sound travels 4.3 times faster in water than in air. This explains why a person hearing an explosion underwater and quickly surfacing can hear it again as the slower travelling sound arrives through the air. Similarly, a traveller on an airliner can still carry on a conversation with another traveller because the sound of words is travelling along with the air inside the aircraft. This effect is basic to all Newtonian dynamics, which says that everything from sound to the trajectory of a thrown baseball should all remain the same in the aircraft flying (at least at a constant speed) as if still sitting on the ground. This is the basis of the Galilean transformation, and the concept of frame of reference.
Thus at any point there should be one special coordinate system, "at rest relative to the aether". Maxwell noted in the late 1870s that detecting motion relative to this aether should be easy enough—light travelling along with the motion of the Earth would have a different speed than light travelling backward, as they would both be moving against the unmoving aether. Even if the aether had an overall universal flow, changes in position during the day/night cycle, or over the span of seasons, should allow the drift to be detected.
The Michelson–Morley experiment compared the time for light to reflect from mirrors in two orthogonal directions.
While the first-order experiments could be explained by a modified stationary aether, more precise second-order experiments were expected to give positive results, however, no such results could be found.
The famous Michelson–Morley experiment compared the source light with itself after being sent in different directions, looking for changes in phase in a manner that could be measured with extremely high accuracy. In this experiment, their goal was to determine the velocity of the Earth through the aether.[E 19][E 20] The publication of their result in 1887, the null result, was the first clear demonstration that something was seriously wrong with the aether hypothesis (Michelson's first experiment in 1881 was not entirely conclusive). In this case the MM experiment yielded a shift of the fringing pattern of about 0.01 of a fringe, corresponding to a small velocity. However, it was incompatible with the expected aether wind effect due to the Earth's (seasonally varying) velocity which would have required a shift of 0.4 of a fringe, and the error was small enough that the value may have indeed been zero. Therefore, the null hypothesis, the hypothesis that there was no aether wind, could not be rejected. More modern experiments have since reduced the possible value to a number very close to zero, about 10−17.
It is obvious from what has gone before that it would be hopeless to attempt to solve the question of the motion of the solar system by observations of optical phenomena at the surface of the earth.
—  A. Michelson and E. Morley. "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Æther". Phil. Mag. S. 5. Vol. 24. No. 151. Dec. 1887.
A series of experiments using similar but increasingly sophisticated apparatuses all returned the null result as well. Conceptually different experiments that also attempted to detect the motion of the aether were the Trouton–Noble experiment (1903),[E 21] whose objective was to detect torsion effects caused by electrostatic fields, and the experiments of Rayleigh and Brace (1902, 1904),[E 22][E 23] to detect double refraction in various media. However, all of them obtained a null result, like Michelson–Morley (MM) previously did.
These "aether-wind" experiments led to a flurry of efforts to "save" aether by assigning to it ever more complex properties, while only few scientists, like Emil Cohn or Alfred Bucherer, considered the possibility of the abandonment of the aether hypothesis. Of particular interest was the possibility of "aether entrainment" or "aether drag", which would lower the magnitude of the measurement, perhaps enough to explain the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. However, as noted earlier, aether dragging already had problems of its own, notably aberration. In addition, the interference experiments of Lodge (1893, 1897) and Ludwig Zehnder (1895), aimed to show whether the aether is dragged by various, rotating masses, showed no aether drag.[E 24][E 25][E 26] A more precise measurement was made in the Hammar experiment (1935), which ran a complete MM experiment with one of the "legs" placed between two massive lead blocks.[E 27] If the aether was dragged by mass then this experiment would have been able to detect the drag caused by the lead, but again the null result was achieved. The theory was again modified, this time to suggest that the entrainment only worked for very large masses or those masses with large magnetic fields. This too was shown to be incorrect by the Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment, which detected the Sagnac effect due to Earth's rotation (see Aether drag hypothesis).
Similarly the Sagnac effect, observed by G. Sagnac in 1913, was immediately seen to be fully consistent with special relativity.[E 29][E 30] In fact, the Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment in 1925 was proposed specifically as a test to confirm the relativity theory, although it was also recognized that such tests, which merely measure absolute rotation, are also consistent with non-relativistic theories.
Since the Miller experiment and its unclear results there have been many more experimental attempts to detect the aether. Many experimenters have claimed positive results. These results have not gained much attention from mainstream science, since they contradict a large quantity of high-precision measurements, all the results of which were consistent with special relativity.
Aether theory was dealt another blow when the Galilean transformation and Newtonian dynamics were both modified by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, giving the mathematics of Lorentzian electrodynamics a new, "non-aether" context.[A 18] Unlike most major shifts in scientific thought, special relativity was adopted by the scientific community remarkably quickly, consistent with Einstein's later comment that the laws of physics described by the Special Theory were "ripe for discovery" in 1905.[B 10] Max Planck's early advocacy of the special theory, along with the elegant formulation given to it by Hermann Minkowski, contributed much to the rapid acceptance of special relativity among working scientists.
Einstein based his theory on Lorentz's earlier work. Instead of suggesting that the mechanical properties of objects changed with their constant-velocity motion through an undetectable aether, Einstein proposed to deduce the characteristics that any successful theory must possess in order to be consistent with the most basic and firmly established principles, independent of the existence of a hypothetical aether. He found that the Lorentz transformation must transcend its connection with Maxwell's equations, and must represent the fundamental relations between the space and time coordinates of inertial frames of reference. In this way he demonstrated that the laws of physics remained invariant as they had with the Galilean transformation, but that light was now invariant as well.
With the development of the special theory of relativity, the need to account for a single universal frame of reference had disappeared – and acceptance of the 19th century theory of a luminiferous aether disappeared with it. For Einstein, the Lorentz transformation implied a conceptual change: that the concept of position in space or time was not absolute, but could differ depending on the observer's location and velocity.
In later years there have been a few individuals who advocated a neo-Lorentzian approach to physics, which is Lorentzian in the sense of positing an absolute true state of rest that is undetectable and which plays no role in the predictions of the theory. (No violations of Lorentz covariance have ever been detected, despite strenuous efforts.) Hence these theories resemble the 19th century aether theories in name only. For example, the founder of quantum field theory, Paul Dirac, stated in 1951 in an article in Nature, titled "Is there an Aether?" that "we are rather forced to have an aether".[A 20] However, Dirac never formulated a complete theory, and so his speculations found no acceptance by the scientific community.
When Einstein was still a student in the Zurich Polytechnic in 1900, he was very interested in the idea of aether. His initial proposal of research thesis was to do an experiment to measure how fast the Earth was moving through the aether. "The velocity of a wave is proportional to the square root of the elastic forces which cause [its] propagation, and inversely proportional to the mass of the aether moved by these forces."
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^ The 19th century science book A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar provides a brief summary of scientific thinking in this field at the time.
^ Robert Boyle, The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, ed. Thomas Birch, 2nd edn., 6 vols. (London, 1772), III, 316; quoted in E.A. Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1954), 191-192.
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^ They commented in a footnote: "From [the Michelson–Morley] experiment it is not inferred that the velocity of the earth is but a few kilometers per second, but rather that the dimensions of the apparatus vary very nearly as required by relativity. From the present experiment we similarly infer that the frequency of light varies conformably to the theory."
^ The confusion over this point can be seen in Sagnac's conclusion that "in the ambient space, light is propagated with a velocity V0, independent of the movement as a whole of the luminous source O and the optical system. That is a property of space which experimentally characterizes the luminiferous aether." The invariance of light speed, independent of the movement of the source, is also one of the two fundamental principles of special relativity.
^ Lorentz wrote: "One cannot deny to the bearer of these properties a certain substantiality, and if so, then one may, in all modesty, call true time the time measured by clocks which are fixed in this medium, and consider simultaneity as a primary concept." However, he went on to say that this was based on his conception of "infinite velocity", which according to his own theory is not physically realizable. Lorentz also admitted that the postulate of an absolute but undetectable rest frame was purely metaphysical, and had no empirical consequences.
^ Dirac wrote about his theory: "We have now the velocity at all points of space-time, playing a fundamental part in electrodynamics. It is natural to regard it as the velocity of some real physical thing. Thus with the new theory of electrodynamics we are rather forced to have an aether."
^ Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 47–48.
^ Einstein 1920: We may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an aether. According to the general theory of relativity space without aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luminiferous aether.
Harry Bateman (1915) The Structure of the Aether, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 21(6):299–309.
Decaen, Christopher A. (2004), "Aristotle's Aether and Contemporary Science", The Thomist, 68 (3): 375–429, doi:10.1353/tho.2004.0015, retrieved 2011-03-05.


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HomeIndiaBudget to be seen as part of mini budgets of 2020, says...
Budget to be seen as part of mini budgets of 2020, says PM Narendra Modi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday expressed confidence that the Budget for 2021-22 would be seen as part of the packages announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman over the past 10 months to offset the impact of Covid-induced lockdowns.
"Perhaps for the first time in the history of India a finance minister had to present four-five mini budgets in the form of separate packages in 2020," Modi told the media before Parliament's Budget Session started.
Sitharaman is scheduled to present the Budget in the Lok Sabha on Monday.
As businesses were almost shut in April last year due to the countrywide lockdown, announced to tackle the pandemic, the finance minister announced the first package in March. She followed these up with three more.
ALSO READ: Economic survey 2020-21: Forget rating agencies, spend without fear
The packages focused on vulnerable sections of the people, giving them free food, work under the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act and direct benefit transfers, besides agriculture and micro, small and medium enterprises. They initiated reforms and linked some of them to the fiscal leeway given to the states.
The government claimed it, along with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), announced packages worth Rs 29.87 trillion, which is about 15 per cent of India's GDP. Of this, the RBI's measures constituted 6 per cent of GDP and the government's 9 per cent. However, independent experts estimated the fiscal cost of the government measures at slightly more than Rs 3 trillion.
ALSO READ: A missed opportunity: Eco Survey fails to address the problem of employment
Of the reforms announced by the finance minister in packages, three related to the controversial farm laws.
The 19 Opposition parties boycotted the president's address to the joint sitting of Parliament on Friday, in solidarity with the farmers' protests against the Acts.
Modi asked MPs to debate and discuss all the issues that concerned the people of the country, and hoped they would not shy away from contributing to fulfilling the people's aspirations, by making full use of Parliament and following all the propriety of democracy.
"A golden opportunity has come before the nation to fulfil the dreams of the freedom fighters. There should be proper utilisation of this decade and, therefore, there should be discussion and presentation of different views this session for meaningful results, keeping in mind this entire decade," he said. "I have full faith that all the members of Parliament will make this session more productive."
Business Standard has always strived hard to provide up-to-date information and commentary on developments that are of interest to you and have wider political and economic implications for the country and the world. Your encouragement and constant feedback on how to improve our offering have only made our resolve and commitment to these ideals stronger. Even during these difficult times arising out of Covid-19, we continue to remain committed to keeping you informed and updated with credible news, authoritative views and incisive commentary on topical issues of relevance.
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Budget session
budget spending
budgetary allocations
economic survey 2021
KV Subramanian


MARSEILLES, Ill. (CBS) – June 15 marks the 10th anniversary of the Middle East Conflicts Wall Memorial on the Illinois River in Marseilles. There will be a motorcycle ride from the Grundy County Fairgounds on that day, and a ceremony at the memorial.
It's the war memorial that most people don't even know exists, even after ten years.
It bears the names of more than 7,000 soldiers killed in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
They're bikers who want the families to know their loved ones will never be forgotten.
Like a lot of bikers, Yarber has a nickname. "Most of the families know me as Big Daddy," he says.
Yarber's role is family liason. He spends a lot of time on the phone with family members and meets them in person when they come to see the wall memorial.


text:
Q: MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume: mount failed: exit status 32 I have 1 master node and 2 worker nodes built using Amazon Linux in my dev kubernetes cluster.
I have correctly mounted AWS EFS at /share on worker1 and worker2.
Now, I am trying to create pvc, pv and deploy using the below manifests:

PersistentVolume YAML
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: c2labs
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  mountOptions:
    - hard
    - nfsvers=4.1
  nfs:
    path: /share
    server: fs-0djdd8320680f8f98.efs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

PersistentVolumeClaim YAML
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: c2labs-files
spec:
  storageClassName: ""
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi

Deploy YAML
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: test
  name: test
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: test
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
            name: logs-files
      volumes:
        - name: logs-files
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: c2labs-files

Now, I am getting an error - MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "c2labs" : mount failed: exit status 32
Need help to determine what is causing this error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Home » New Kid: We Fit Together
New Kid: We Fit Together
By Jerry Craft
❗Many publication dates have moved recently and may not be up to date. ❗
Availability: On our shelves now
Ages 8 to 12, Grades 3 to 7
This colorful 450-piece puzzle in a keepsake box features original art by Jerry Craft—a must-have for fans of his bestselling graphic novels New Kid and Class Act.
Jerry Craft's breakout graphic novel New Kid was devoured by hundreds of thousands of middle-schoolers who related to the ups and downs of his characters' lives. This 450-piece jigsaw puzzle featuring original art of Jordan and his friends lets readers bring New Kid home in a new way. Once the puzzle is assembled, the box becomes a place for kids to safely store souvenirs, notes, and treasures.
Jerry Craft is a graphic artist and writer. He is the author of New Kid (a Newbery Medal, Coretta Scott King Award, and Kirkus Prize winner)and Class Act. He has worked on numerous picture books, graphic novels, and middle grade novels. Jerry is the creator of Mama's Boyz, an award-winning syndicated comic strip. He has won five African American Literary Awards, and he is a cofounder of the Schomburg Center's Annual Black Comic Book Festival. He received his BFA from the School of Visual Arts and now lives in Connecticut.
Author Residence: New Canaan, CT
Format: Game
Publisher: Clarkson Potter
No reviews yet. Be the first to write a review.
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Linden Tree Books
265 State Street, Los Altos, CA 94022
Copyright 2023 Linden Tree Books


5. Category you want to enter, it is ONE of these : Funny shot, Scary shot, Boss pawning, General shot.
1. You MAY NOT edit your screen shot.
Winner : 1 person for each category, except "General shot" which have 2 winners.
Nice screenie ^^. And you're the first contestant , will receive a bonus prize (2 fashion items) !
How do I change my avatar and sig?
Oh I can relate alot of the emotes ingame and the way weapons and stuff are spelled to become extremely perverted.
XXXX : Suddenly I can't view your screen shot, can you move them to another image host?
well... i cant view some of the screenshot. but i think this contest is fun ^^... hohoho come on, give ur best screenshot !
Must go faster, must go faster!
Jeff Goldblum, eat your heart out!
Moonbrow "Now where is that cat?"
» "Gladiator" Four Shot Crossbow Movie Prop: Feasible?


text:
Q: Why care distribution functions more than random variables? This may be wrong, but I have often heard some saying " we mainly care about CDFs". Similarly, in textbooks, one sees $X \sim N(0,1)$, without any reference to sample space.  But why - and how do we justify this?
My thoughts: with my limited knowledge in probability, two results:

*

*Any distribution function $F:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow [0,1]$, yields a Lebesgue-Stiltjes measure $\mu_F$. Considering the space $(\mathbb{R}, B_{\mathbb{R}}, \mu_F)$ with randon variable $X$ being identity, we obtain,
  $$P(X \le t ) = \mu((-\infty, t]) = F(t)$$

This implies it is sufficient in specifying cdf $F$, and say there exists a RV, $X$ with cdf $F$.

*

*(Skorokhod's construction, in Williams) Let $F: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow [0,1]$ be a cdf. $U\sim U[0,1]$.
  $$ X^-:= \sup \{ y \in \mathbb{R} \,: \, F(y) < U \} $$
  is a RV on $[0,1]$ with same distribution as $F$.

I believe there is also a generalization to joint variables.
But these results are not satisfying, I don't see how they are canonical.

A: Because of the Kolmogorov existence theorem. It tells us that given any distributions (not defined in a dumb way), there exists a stochastic process (in particular, a random variable) with those distributions.
Often we do not care about the actual probability space. The entire point of a random variable is to assign numbers to outcomes. Real numbers are easier to deal with than generic probability spaces. Although there are times where the space itself is important.
Taken from Wikipedia:

Since the two conditions are trivially satisfied for any stochastic process, the power of the theorem is that no other conditions are required: For any reasonable (i.e., consistent) family of finite-dimensional distributions, there exists a stochastic process with these distributions.
The measure-theoretic approach to stochastic processes starts with a probability space and defines a stochastic process as a family of functions on this probability space. However, in many applications the starting point is really the finite-dimensional distributions of the stochastic process. The theorem says that provided the finite-dimensional distributions satisfy the obvious consistency requirements, one can always identify a probability space to match the purpose. In many situations, this means that one does not have to be explicit about what the probability space is. Many texts on stochastic processes do, indeed, assume a probability space but never state explicitly what it is.
The theorem is used in one of the standard proofs of existence of a Brownian motion, by specifying the finite dimensional distributions to be Gaussian random variables, satisfying the consistency conditions above. As in most of the definitions of Brownian motion it is required that the sample paths are continuous almost surely, and one then uses the Kolmogorov continuity theorem to construct a continuous modification of the process constructed by the Kolmogorov extension theorem.


text:
import random
import re
import time
from urllib.parse import quote

from loguru import logger
from requests import RequestException

from flexget import plugin
from flexget.entry import Entry
from flexget.event import event
from flexget.utils.cached_input import cached
from flexget.utils.simple_persistence import SimplePersistence
from flexget.utils.soup import get_soup
from flexget.utils.tools import parse_filesize

logger = logger.bind(name='magnetdl')

class Page404Error(Exception):
    pass

class MagnetDL:
    """Creates entries from magnetdl categories"""

    url = 'https://www.magnetdl.com'

    schema = {
        'oneOf': [
            {'type': 'boolean'},
            {
                'type': 'object',
                'properties': {
                    'category': {
                        'type': 'string',
                        'enum': ['software', 'movies', 'games', 'e-books', 'tv', 'music'],
                    },
                    'pages': {'type': 'integer', 'minimum': 1, 'maximum': 30, 'default': 5},
                },
                'additionalProperties': False,
            },
        ]
    }

    def _url(self, category, page):
        return self.url + '/download/' + category + '/' + (str(page) if page > 0 else '')

    def parse_page(self, scraper, url: str):
        try:
            logger.debug('page url: {}', url)
            page = scraper.get(url)
        except RequestException as e:
            raise plugin.PluginError(str(e))
        if page.status_code == 404:
            raise Page404Error()
        if page.status_code != 200:
            raise plugin.PluginError(f'HTTP Request failed {page.status_code}. Url: {url}')

        soup = get_soup(page.text)
        soup_table = soup.find('table', class_='download')
        if not soup_table:
            # very likely no result
            return
        table_tbody = soup_table.find('tbody')
        if not table_tbody:
            raise plugin.PluginError('Parsing crashed, no tbody, please report the issue')

        trs = table_tbody.find_all('tr')
        if not trs:
            logger.critical('Nothing to parse')
            return
        for tr in trs:
            try:
                magnet_td = tr.find('td', class_='m')
                if not magnet_td:
                    # skip empty trs
                    continue
                magnet_a = magnet_td.find('a')
                magnet = magnet_a['href']
                title_td = tr.find('td', class_='n')
                title_a = title_td.find('a')
                title = title_a['title']
                seed_td = tr.find('td', class_='s')
                seed = int(seed_td.text)
                leech = int(tr.find('td', class_='l').text)
                content_size = parse_filesize(seed_td.previous_sibling.text)
                yield Entry(
                    url=magnet,
                    title=title,
                    torrent_seeds=seed,
                    torrent_leech=leech,
                    content_size=content_size,
                )
            except AttributeError as e:
                raise plugin.PluginError('Parsing crashed, please report the issue') from e

    @cached('magnetdl', persist='4 minutes')
    def on_task_input(self, task, config):
        try:
            import cloudscraper
        except ImportError as e:
            logger.debug('Error importing cloudscraper: {}', e)
            raise plugin.DependencyError(
                issued_by='cfscraper',
                missing='cloudscraper',
                message='CLOudscraper module required. ImportError: %s' % e,
            )

        scraper = cloudscraper.create_scraper()
        category = config['category']
        persistence = SimplePersistence(plugin='magnetdl')
        last_magnet = persistence.get(category, None)
        logger.debug('last_magnet: {}', last_magnet)
        first_magnet = None
        stop = False

        for page in range(0, config['pages']):
            logger.verbose('Retrieving {} page {}', category, page + 1)
            url = self._url(category, page)
            logger.debug('Url: {}', url)
            try:
                for entry in self.parse_page(scraper, url):
                    if first_magnet is None:
                        first_magnet = entry['url']
                        logger.debug('Set first_magnet to {}', first_magnet)
                        persistence[category] = first_magnet
                    if last_magnet == entry['url']:
                        logger.debug('Found page where we have left, stopping')
                        stop = True
                    yield entry
            except Page404Error:
                logger.warning('Page {} returned 404, stopping', page)
                return
            if stop:
                return
            time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))

    # Search API method
    def search(self, task, entry, config):
        if not config:
            return
        try:
            import cloudscraper
        except ImportError as e:
            logger.debug('Error importing cloudscraper: {}', e)
            raise plugin.DependencyError(
                issued_by='cfscraper',
                missing='cloudscraper',
                message='CLOudscraper module required. ImportError: %s' % e,
            )
        scraper = cloudscraper.create_scraper()
        entries = []
        for search_string in entry.get('search_strings', [entry['title']]):
            logger.debug('Searching `{}`', search_string)
            try:
                term = search_string.lower().replace(' ', '-')
                # note: weird url convention, uses first letter of search term
                slash = term[0]
                url = 'https://www.magnetdl.com/{}/{}/'.format(slash, term)
                for entry in self.parse_page(scraper, url):
                    entries.append(entry)
            except Page404Error:
                logger.warning('Url {} returned 404', url)
                return entries
            time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
        return entries

@event('plugin.register')
def register_plugin():
    plugin.register(MagnetDL, 'magnetdl', api_ver=2, interfaces=['task', 'search'])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Feast Day of St. Apronian the Executioner	1820: The pirates of the William
1860: James Stephens
February 3rd, 2020 Headsman
James Stephens hanged in New York on this date in 1860, for poisoning his wife.
We've referenced passingly a number of 19th century hangings on then-trendy "upward-jerking" gallows — whose action is not to drop the offender down through a trap, but to drop a heavy weight which levers the offender up.
Thanks to the Feb. 4, 1860 edition of the New York Herald, we have a very detailed description of this macabre device.
Perhaps the reporter's skepticism as to this machine's humane efficacy is informed here by a bit of hindsight, for when it engaged to end the life of our Mr. Stephens,
Up went the culprit high into the air, not with a sudden violent jerk as usual, but slowly, as if by the strength of a man's arms, instead of a powerful weight of some 300 pounds. It became evident immediately that something was wrong, and soon a rumor went round that the rope had been unwound instead of cut by the hangman. It appeared that the executioner, who was inexperienced, got frightened, and thus the barbarous manner of hanging the culprit was explained.
It was extraordinary that under these circumstances the unfortunate wretch, suspended between heaven and earth, did not exhibit indications of violent suffering. The moment the rope tightened around his neck, and he was elevated about half way up, a slight twitching of the fingers and kicking of the legs were perceptible. Then a few moments intervened without the slightest indication of suffering, except the hard breathing, which was fearful to listen to. After hanging two minutes in this way, another convulsive throe took place; the vessels in the neck seemed to be swelled almost to bursting, the fingers and wrists assumed a bluish hue, and the feet twitched once or twice spasmodically. Three minutes came, and with it a very feeble tremor showed itself in the whole body; but it lasted only a few seconds, when all further motion ceased, and life seemed to be completely extinct. The surgeons, Drs. Woodward, Simmons and Covell, viewed the body after a suspension of five minutes, and gave it as their opinion that animation was certainly gone; but the body was not lowered until fourteen minutes had expired. The surgeons then again examined the body, found no pulse, and the flesh icy cold. Considering the circumstances, the culprit died a remarkably easy death, which was owing, doubtless, to the feeble condition of his constitution. Had he been in good strength at the time of his execution there is no question but that he would have struggled in the most frightful agony for half an hour.
1685: James Algie and John Park, Paisley Covenanters - 2019
1977: Marta Taboada and Gladys Porcel, Argentina revolutionaries - 2018
1903: Amelia Sach and Annie Walters, the Finchley baby farmers - 2017
2016: Brandon Astor Jones - 2016
1891: Michel Eyraud, bailiff-strangler - 2015
1814: Mariano Matamoros, Mexican revolutionary - 2014
1578: Blessed John Nelson, martyr - 2013
1537: "Silken Thomas" FitzGerald, Earl of Kildare - 2012
1945: Not Fabian von Schlabrendorff, saved by a bomb - 2011
1967: Ronald Ryan, the last hanged in Australia - 2010
1915: Veljko Cubrilovic, Danilo Ilic and Misko Jovanovic, Archduke Ferdinand's assassins - 2009
1998: Karla Faye Tucker, for an axe murder and a Republican presidency - 2008
1807: James McLean, twice
1858: James Rodgers, lamented
1819: John Van Alstine
1806: Francisco Dos Santos
1874: Marshall Martin, "an innocent man compared to that woman"
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Botched Executions,Capital Punishment,Common Criminals,Crime,Death Penalty,Execution,Hanged,Murder,New York,USA
Tags: 1860, 1860s, february 3, james stephens, poison, poisoner


text:
UNPO's 2018 Mission to the Republic of Rwanda
From 7 to 14 February 2018, a representative of the UNPO travelled to the Republic of Rwanda on an observation mission, thanks to the support of the Nando and Elsa Peretti Foundation. The objective of this mission was three-fold: delivering an advocacy training to Member and partner organisations; meeting with diplomatic representations, development actors and civil society organisations (CSOs) in Kigali; and visiting a Batwa community. During this interesting and important mission, the UNPO observed no significant improvement in the Batwa's livelihood, but was impressed by the continuous commitment of CSOs to enact change, sometimes with the support of international actors present in Rwanda.
In the context of post-genocide Rwanda, raising the topic of the rights of the Batwa is always sensitive, and even forbidden in public spaces. However, this part of the country's population, representing about 0.4% of the Rwandans, is today left far behind both in terms of socio-economic development and human rights. Lack of access to health services, food security, education, employment and widespread discrimination are but a few examples of the challenges facing Batwa communities.
This was confirmed to the UNPO during a visit organised by the African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization (AIMPO) to the district of Gicumbi, sector of Byumba. In a village composed of more than 50 families and 250 people, the UNPO's representative observed that many children were undernourished and several inhabitants faced serious health problems, including AIDS. It is in this context that the AIMPO, with the support of the Canada Fund for Local Initiatives, put in place the "Integrated food and nutrition community program for historically marginalized people in Gicumbi district, Rwanda".
Rabbit hutch and one of the kitchen gardens
The project consists in the breeding of rabbits – 57 at the moment – and installation of 63 kitchen gardens in order to secure food and improve the inhabitants' nutritional status. The rabbits are used, among others, to feed the children at school. According to the village chief, the inhabitants are happy with the project and wish that such initiatives would multiply.
The village also benefits from other projects focussing on potato cultivation and sensitization to good hygiene practices. The chief stressed that education also constitutes one of his top priorities and wishes for more of the village's youth to complete higher education – as only a handful do so at present.
The UNPO believes that one of the keys for the Batwa's living standards and overall situation to sustainably improve is advocacy. Organisations such as AIMPO and the Cultural Conservation Act (CCA, which is a member of UNPO) have been working in this field for years now, bringing their message to local, national and international bodies. In this context, the UNPO seized the opportunity of its presence in Kigali to deliver an advocacy training to seven representatives of AIMPO and four of the CCA.
The participants to the training and the UNPO representative
This one-day capacity-building session touched upon the basics of advocacy, the functioning of the United Nations system, the international framework for human, indigenous and minority rights, as well as practical tips for efficient advocacy. The training saw the active participation of all those present, who expressed their satisfaction with this "much-needed" session.
During the rest of her stay, the UNPO representative met with diplomatic representations and development actors based in Kigali. All acknowledged the dire situation of the Batwa and recognised the great difficulty and even sometimes impossibility for them and for local CSOs to engage in a dialogue with the government on issues facing the Batwa and "historically marginalised peoples". Some of them are however committed to providing support to Batwa associations, without necessarily raising the issue specifically.
The UNPO recognises that the Rwandan context is a very complex one for international and national actors wishing to provide support the Batwa, due to the country's painful and recent history. In parallel however, the government of Rwanda is praised by the United Nations for having been successful in reaching "virtually all the MDGs [Millennium Development Goals]" and by the World Bank for fostering rapid socio-economic development to the benefit of a significant part of its population. The UNPO therefore strongly encourages the government of Rwanda to offer a helping hand to the most marginalised within its people, as well as leave more space for international actors and CSOs to work effectively, in order to "leave no one behind" and let the whole population benefit from the country's development, as required by the Sustainable Development Goals.
Main photo: Inhabitants of the village visited by UNPO and AIMPO
Language, Culture and Education	Humanitarian Crisis
Batwa: President Paul Kagame Dismisses Human Rights Violations
Batwa: New Study Shows People is Less Integrated into Social Welfare Programs
Batwa: Exclusion from Genocide Commemorations
Batwa: Fundraising Campaign to Raise Money for A New School Project
Batwa: Poverty and Discrimination Threaten Livelihoods
Batwa: Recent Attacks Wake Memories of Ethnic Conflict
Batwa: Climate Change to Hit Vulnerable People the Hardest
More Batwa news »
UNPO Submits Report for CEDAW Review of Rwanda
UNPO Submits Paper on the Batwa of Rwanda to the OHCHR
UNPO "Indigenous Peoples - Invisible Peoples" Report Marks One Year Since UN Conference Pledges
UNPO Submits Reports for Universal Periodic Review on Mauritania, Rwanda and Myanmar
UNPO Submits Report on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples with Respect to their Cultural Heritage
Three Human Rights Reports To Shed Light On Persecution Of UNPO Members
UNPO Report Draws Attention to Batwa Extreme Poverty
More Batwa publications »