text:
13 July, 2018 - 01:13 lizleafloor
Medieval Medicine: 1,000-year-old Onion and Garlic Salve Kills Modern Bacterial SuperBugs
To the surprise and excitement of researchers, a ninth century Anglo-Saxon treatment for eye infections has been used successfully to kill tenacious bacteria cultures. The ancient remedy consisting of onion, garlic, cow bile and wine might be an effective weapon against modern antibiotic-resistant superbugs such as MRSA.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham 's Center for Biomolecular Sciences, UK, and Anglo-Saxon expert Dr. Christina Lee worked together to create the 1,000-year-old remedy found in Bald's Leechbook, (also known as Medicinale Anglicum ) a medical text written in Old English believed to be one of the earliest-known books of medical advice.
Middle-English leech-book, containing medical receipts, including some charms; a Latin-English Glossary of herbs; short tracts on urines, the cure of wounds, uses of herbs, etc. Wikimedia Commons
The medieval recipe for salve used to treat eye infections lists as ingredients: garlic, onion (or leek), wine, and cow bile, reports BBC News . The scientists were astonished to find that the ingredients alone had little effect, but when combined they were effective at killing 90 percent of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria cultures.
MRSA is a serious public health concern; it is a difficult infection to treat, as it has naturally developed resistance to modern antibiotics, and has thus been given the classification of "superbug".
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Ancient skull was drilled and harvested for medicine in the 18th century
Ancient Healing Methods Offer an Alternative Paradigm in Health
University microbiologist, Dr Freya Harrison says of the discovery in a University press release , "We thought that Bald's eye salve might show a small amount of antibiotic activity, because each of the ingredients has been shown by other researchers to have some effect on bacteria in the lab—copper and bile salts can kill bacteria, and the garlic family of plants make chemicals that interfere with the bacteria's ability to damage infected tissues. But we were absolutely blown away by just how effective the combination of ingredients was." The ancient remedy reportedly outperformed modern conventional antibiotics against the bacteria.
Further, the success of the remedy has demonstrated to the researchers that Anglo-Saxon physicians may have used observation and experimentation, processes of the modern scientific method, in order to come to their remedy.
Top: Physicians offer draughts of agrimony to two warriors to cure sword wounds. Lower portion: Physicians offer a draught of Cyclamine against serpent bite. The herb which forms the ingredient of the draught is at the side of the picture; in it the English scribe has written Arnote i.e. "Earth-nut". This name was applied by the Anglo-Saxons to a variety of bulbous plants. [This file comes from Wellcome Images , a website operated by Wellcome Trust, a global charitable foundation based in the United Kingdom.]
As proponents of ancient medicines might point out, "it wouldn't be the first modern drug to be derived from ancient manuscripts – the widely used antimalarial drug artemisinin was discovered by scouring historical Chinese medical texts," reports NewScientist.
Early Medieval medicine had many guises but it was also a time when an early scientific method was beginning to be employed. As an article published on The Conversation reported, 11 th century Europe saw a 'medical revolution'. At this time medical texts of over 500 years old were studied. These texts were transcribed and taught. It is from such a text that this ancient recipe was derived, meaning the recipe is likely much older than the Medicinale Anglicum it came from.
Following up on the successful salve study, the team calling theselves AncientBiotics embarked on compliling a database of medieval medical recipes.
Erin Connelly wrote of the hopes of the group:
During our eyesalve study, chemist Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of a new therapy for malaria after searching over 2,000 recipes from ancient Chinese literature on herbal medicine. Is another "silver bullet" for microbial infection hidden within medieval European medical literature?
Certainly, there are medieval superstitions and treatments that we would not replicate today, such as purging a patient's body of pathogenic humors. However, our work suggests that there could be a methodology behind the medicines of medieval practitioners, informed by a long tradition of observation and experimentation.
Medical supplies found aboard the wreck of Blackbeard's flagship
Alcohol as medicine through the ages
Ancient Pazyryk nomads carried out highly advanced cranial surgery in Siberia
Scientists now are looking to expand their understanding of medieval medical practice and the processes behind it, as they existed in a time before there was knowledge of germ theory or scientific method as we know it today.
In the University press release, Dr. Lee says new research "will greatly improve our understanding of medieval scholarship and medical empiricism, and may reveal new ways of treating serious bacterial infections that continue to cause illness and death."
Findings by the team are due to be presented at a conference of the Society for General Microbiology in Birmingham, UK this week.
Scanning electron micrograph of bacteria: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Public Domain
Featured Image: The written instructions for an onion and garlic eye salve from the Anglo-Saxon manuscript Bald's Leechbook. The remedy was found to kill MRSA bacteria. Credit: The British Library Board
By Liz Leafloor
Bald Leechbook
Liz Leafloor is Editor, Writer and Graphic Designer for Ancient Origins.
Having worked in news and online media for years, Liz covers exciting and interesting topics like ancient myth, history, technology, archaeological discoveries, life and death, and the unexplained.
Liz has been... Read More
Noel Ryan wrote on 15 July, 2018 - 03:27 Permalink
Interesting perusing the ancient texts referenced and illustrated with this article. The influence of Celtic Insular writing from the early Christian era is clear. The Anglo-Saxon King of Northumbria Oswald (c.604-642) was educated and Christianised during his exile in Iona and subsequently as King brought Christian monks from Iona to evangelise and educate his subjects, St Aidan being foremost. During the Dark Ages, the practice of Irish medicine was widely known in Europe. From literary and historical sources there is clear evidence from the fourth century BCE that physicians in Ireland were skilled not only with herbal remedies but in performing Caesarean operations, amputations and even brain surgery. It's not surprising then that given the strong connections between Northumbria, Iona and Ireland that this medical knowledge and expertise should have been inculcated into Anglo-Saxon culture.
foreign wrote on 9 April, 2015 - 12:51 Permalink
is it this?
700 ml organic apple vingar
1/4 cup hacked garlic
1/4 cup hacked onions
2 fresh cilies/peperoni (very hot!)
1/4 cup grated ginger
2 tablespoons "horseradish"
2 tablespoons "curcuma" (pulver) or 2 turmeric (root)
karin wrote on 8 April, 2015 - 11:04 Permalink
absolutely true – it really irks me when modern scientists do that! It's pretty obvious that people living long ago had brains that worked like ours and were the same size so why couldn't they figure things out?
And their remedies were a lot more effective too
Sunniva1947 wrote on 3 April, 2015 - 09:25 Permalink
quote: may have used observation and experimentation, processes of the modern scientific method, in order to come to their remedy.
Funny, these scientists seem to think people who lived a few hundred years back were all kinds of stupid, just whipping up salves for the fun of it.
Sunny Young
23 March, 2018 - 00:57 ancient-origins
Scientists Find aDNA Evidence of the Bacteria that Almost Wiped out the Aztecs
Architectural investigations of the Grand Plaza resulted in the unexpected discovery of a large epidemic cemetery associated with the 1545-1550 cocoliztli epidemic. The cemetery was found to contain...
Read more about Scientists Find aDNA Evidence of the Bacteria that Almost Wiped out the Aztecs
18 February, 2017 - 02:04 Alicia McDermott
Have Researchers Discovered What Caused the 16th Century Mexican Epidemic That Killed Over 80% of the Population?
A pair of recently published studies point the finger at a deadly form of salmonella as the cause of millions of deaths in a 16th century Mexican epidemic outbreak. This cocoliztli (pestilence in...
Read more about Have Researchers Discovered What Caused the 16th Century Mexican Epidemic That Killed Over 80% of the Population?
13 January, 2017 - 14:46 ancient-origins
800-Year-Old Skeleton Discovered in Troy Shows Signs of Death from a Fatal Infection
Eight hundred years ago, in a hardscrabble farming community on the outskirts of what was once one of the fabled cities of the ancient world, Troy, a 30-year-old woman was laid to rest in a stone-...
Read more about 800-Year-Old Skeleton Discovered in Troy Shows Signs of Death from a Fatal Infection
15 April, 2016 - 00:49 ancient-origins
Neanderthals May have been Infected by Diseases carried out of Africa by Humans, say Researchers
A review of the latest genetic evidence suggests infectious diseases are tens of thousands of years older than previously thought, and that they could jump between species of 'hominin'. Researchers...
Read more about Neanderthals May have been Infected by Diseases carried out of Africa by Humans, say Researchers
5 April, 2016 - 03:49 ancient-origins
How Ancient Horse-Dung Bacteria is Helping Locate Where Hannibal Crossed the Alps
Chris Allen / The Conversation Despite thousands of years of hard work by brilliant scholars, the great enigma of where Hannibal crossed the Alps to invade Italy remained unsolved. But now it looks...
Read more about How Ancient Horse-Dung Bacteria is Helping Locate Where Hannibal Crossed the Alps
8 January, 2016 - 00:53 Alicia McDermott
Stomach Troubles for the Iceman: How Otzi Continues to Provide Information About the Past
Ötzi, the Copper Age man, continues to tell tales of our homo sapien past. Now, an international team of scientists including paleopathologist Albert Zink and microbiologist Frank Maixner from the...
Read more about Stomach Troubles for the Iceman: How Otzi Continues to Provide Information About the Past


Difference between revisions of "Eclipse DemoCamps November 2011/Kassel"
The list of demos is closed. If you would like to speak at the next demo camp, please get in touch with Manuel!
If you plan on attending please add your name and company to the list below. We'd like to see as many people show up as possible. If you have any trouble with the wiki, just send an email to support at yatta dot de.
For tasks, Mylyn already streamlines workflow by providing first-class integration with the IDE. The recent Mylyn project restructuring now enables the same integrated workflows for code reviews, builds and version control systems like Git. We will show how the tools available in the Mylyn project work together to seamlessly integrate development artifacts in Eclipse and provide traceability all the way from the requirement to the final merge into the production branch.
Patric Boscolo: Eclipse Anwendungen und die Microsoft Cloud?
Microsoft bietet mit Windows Azure eine "Software as a Service" Lösung für moderne verteilte Anwendungen. Dieser Vortrag verschafft einen ersten Überblick über die Windows Azure Plattform und den Entwicklungsprozess mit Eclipse.
10 Jahre Eclipse steht auch für den Erfolg serverseitiger Anwendungen. Die Entwicklung serverseitiger Anwendungen in der "Public Cloud" stellt Entwickler vor neue Herausforderungen. Wir erklären Ihnen wie sie dank der Windows Azure Tools für Eclipse Integration diese Herausforderungen meistern können.
The Rich Ajax Platform (RAP) is an open source web framework run by the Eclipse project. It contains a powerful SWT compatible widget toolkit that allows developing desktop- and webclients from a single code base. While previous versions had been focused on the Equinox world the widget toolkit opens up to the OSGi standard. With the current development stream, RAP integrates seamlessly with the OSGi service platform. This allows to start separate RAP applications in a single process and to add UI contributions dynamically to those applications. In this talk I will give an overview of the technical concepts and show how these technologies can be used to build dynamic web applications.
This page was last modified 07:50, 29 November 2011 by . Based on work by Manuel Bork, Markus Knauer and Werner Keil and others.


Kale Crisp Chips | STIR UP THE KITCHEN!!!
Preheat oven to 425 degrees. Toss kale with oil, and spread in a single layer on 2 rimmed baking sheets. Bake, tossing kale and rotating sheets halfway through, until crisp, about 13 minutes. Let cool on sheets. Sprinkle with lemon zest and salt, and toss to coat.
this specific article, "Kale Crisp Chips � Country Kitchen Recipes".


text:
Cuphead Developers Want To Make A Legend Of Zelda Game
Nintendo/Studio MDHR
It might have slipped past you, but it's worth pointing out that an excellent Zelda spinoff called Cadence of Hyrule was released for Nintendo Switch a few weeks ago. If you're a fan of The Legend of Zelda, I cannot recommend it enough. Hell, if you're a fan of games, go get it.
Developed by indie darlings Brace Yourself Games, Cadence of Hyrule is essentially a Zelda-themed sequel to the studio's last game, the rhythm-based roguelike Crypt of the Necrodancer. It shouldn't work, but it absolutely does.
There are dungeons, puzzles, bosses, items to find, and secrets to uncover in a surprisingly large open world Hyrule, but the twist is, as it was in Necrodancer, that you can only move and fight to the beat of the music. Seriously, it's really great. Go. Play it. I'll wait right here.
When Nintendo first announced the game a few months ago during an Indie Direct, people were floored. The company has always been famously protective of its IPs in the past, presumably because the 90's Super Mario movie and those CD-i Zelda games are real dog turds.
With Cadence of Hyrule, however, we have a Nintendo that's willing to lend its creations to some of the newest and most exciting developers around. Given the critical response to the spinoff (and the fact that it breezed into the Switch charts within a day), I'd imagine we'll be seeing more indie/Ninty team-ups.
Nintendo's willingness to open previously locked doors hasn't gone unnoticed by other indie developers, either. Jared Moldenhauer of Studio MDHR, who developed the excellent run and gun platformer Cuphead, recently spoke to Nintendo Force magazine and revealed a desire among Cuphead staff to make their very own hand-drawn Legend of Zelda game.
Moldenhauer painted a compelling picture of an MDHR-developed Zelda, suggesting a vast open world game with bosses that could take up entire screens, and an animation style similar to that of Cupheads, which is of course gorgeous.
A sprawling Zelda title brought to life in a doting 2D hand-animated style…Think of all the expressiveness and life you could bring to the tribes, people, and enemies of a universe that rich! And much like Cuphead, we would get to test our design mettle coming up with screen-filling bosses of an entirely different nature. Of course, backgrounds would be completely hand-painted with nothing re-used! The list just goes on and on. It would be an absolute dream come true.
I love Cuphead. I love The Legend of Zelda. I love Cadence of Hyrule. If Nintendo could get in touch with Studio MDHR to set this up, that'd be absolutely wonderful, please and thank you. Failing that, I reckon the studio could do a great Paper Mario.
Topics: Cuphead,Indie,Nintendo,Studio MDHR,The Legend of Zelda,Xbox
House Votes To Kill Impeachment Resolution Against Trump
FaceApp Now has Access To More Than 150 Million People's Faces And Names

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Setting IsCheckable seems to prevent submenus from showing up I'm trying to bind IsChecked to the Selected DependancyProperty on the object I'm displaying, this code appears to work, but submenus don't show up if I use it. Is this the right way to go about it, and how do I fix the problem?
<MenuItem Header="Window" Name="windowMenu" ItemsSource="{Binding}">
    <MenuItem.ItemContainerStyle>
        <Style>
             <Setter Property="MenuItem.IsChecked" Value="{Binding Path=Selected}" />
             <Setter Property="MenuItem.IsCheckable" Value="true" />
        </Style>
    </MenuItem.ItemContainerStyle>
</MenuItem>

A: A quick test reveals that if a MenuItem's IsCheckable property is set to True, it will not display its child items.
    <Menu>
        <MenuItem Header="File">
            <MenuItem Header="Exit" />
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="Tools">
            <MenuItem Header="Options" IsCheckable="True">
                <MenuItem Header="one" IsCheckable="True" />
                <MenuItem Header="two" IsCheckable="True" />
            </MenuItem>
        </MenuItem>
    </Menu>

In the example above, Options will have no children displaying.
Edit: The reason this is the case is that from a user experience standpoint, this is not a case that really makes sense. The only case I can think of is checking an item which checks all of its subitems, but I'd suppose you'd be better off using checkboxes for that.
Redefining the ControlTemplate is certainly an option. Blend can usually tell you what the default control template it and you can go from there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pub Club: There's More To Temecula Than Being Southern California's Wine Country
Friday, May 18, 2018 10:00 AM
by Kevin Wilkerson
Southern California's wine country is a lot more than that, a glass-clinking destination that tees up other activities such as golf, gambling, spas and great dining, as well as events such as a chili cookoff paired with a craft beer festival and its signature balloon festival.
And yes, wineries. Lots of wineries. Nearly 50 of them, in fact. And in 2018, the area is celebrating 50 years of wine in Temecula Valley.
It is all of this that Visit Temecula, the area's tourism board, showcased at an event in Los Angeles that included travel blogs like PubClub.com and travel bloggers such as myself. Which is why I'm writing about it here, because while I pretty much knew of the diversity of the area, it's good to get up-close exposure to it.
This beautiful bar is in a circle on the casino floor at Pechanga Resort.
This chair at Pechanga Spa sends rippling sensations up and down the body to the rhythm of the music. Photo: PubClub.com
Ahi crisp tacos are served at the Pechanga golf club restaurant. Photo: PubClub.com
Pechanga casino provides a lot of the pulse of Temecula and it has just undergone a huge expansion that includes a Vegas-stlye pool featuring cabanas and a swim-up bar. It has gambling and a whole lot more, including several good restaurants, soul-soothing spa (they mix oils for you based on your birthdate and you've got to relax in that big lounge chair that vibrates with the subtle beat of the music playing through headphones). a comedy club, nightclub and hotel.
It also hosts the spectacular Pechanga Microbrew Festival, an outstanding day of great local chili recipes, craft beers and cranking fun party bands (June 9).
Pechanga also has an 18-hole golf course, Journey, (with little water, the club pro assures me, tho there's plenty of sand for my ball to find) as well as four other courses, including Cross Creek, which is scenically set among oak and sycamore trees and creeks (uh oh, water!).
The balloons come in at night for a spectacular show.
The Temecula Wine & Balloon Festival is the first of June; in 2018 it's June 1-3.
One thing that's easy to overlook with all the wineries around Temecula is that it also has a fair amount of craft beer. There are 10 breweries, the most recognizable being Ballast Point and Karl Strauss. Garage Brewing Company's Mango Hefeweizen is so popular you can find it in BevMo and Refuge makes a West Coast Red that could keep you in its tap room for lot longer than you had planned.
Some people will tell you that Temecula wines are overall not that exciting, that they lack the full flavor of other California wine growing areas.
They have a point, to a point, but those people obviously have never had the award-winning and outstanding zinfandel from Doffo winery, the rose from Carter Estate Winery or spoken to the winemaker at Wilson Creek, who was explaining their grapes and winemaking process to me with passion I could clearly understood but in words I could barley comprehend. The man knows his grapes and his wine.
And, as if to top it off just perfectly, the Temecula Olive Oil Company makes a huge variety of local olives oils and vinegars and the Temecula Lavender Company satisfies those with that particular taste.
Personally, what I suggest is taking more than a day trip to Temecula (it's about 2 1/2 hours from Los Angeles and two from San Diego off the 15 freeway). I recommend spending one a night at Pechanga and another around the cool 12-block Old Town with its restaurants and a few bars.
This is, of course, in addition to drinking wine at the wineries. And a craft brew or two.
https://www.pubclub.com/destinations/usa/california/los-angeles/temecula/theres-more-to-temecula-than-being-southern-california-wine-country/
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Romance Blossoms at South Coast Winery Resort & Carter Estate Winery & Resort
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Visit Temecula Valley, Temecula Valley's official tourism destination marketing organization, now in its seventeenth year, announces its new Chairman, Executive Officers, and Directors. Visit...
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In partnership with Riverside County, the Temecula Valley Chamber of Commerce is happy to announce Shop Local Temecula Valley, a campaign dedicated to uplifting local and small businesses in the
Visit Temecula Valley Launches "Find Your Peace" Winter Campaign
Tuesday, November 24, 2020 5:00 PM
The year 2020 has been a challenging year for everyone so Visit Temecula Valley is spreading the message of peace to its visitors. Visit Temecula Valley's (VTV) holiday campaign "Find...
Top Drink Recommendations for Winter from Temecula Valley
For entertaining, sipping by the fire, or gift giving, these Temecula Valley beverages are perfect for the winter season. They are available online or make a safe holiday getaway out of it and shop


A show at the Chichester Festival Theatre was temporarily stopped last night after an audience member collapsed.
The incident happened during a performance of Art - a comedy starring Nigel Havers, Denis Lawson and Stephen Tompkinson.
A spokeswoman for the theatre, based in Oaklands Park, Chichester, said: "Last night's performance of Art began at 7.30pm.
"At 8.10pm a gentleman collapsed in the front row of the auditorium.
"Our Front of House Manager, Ben Geering, called a show stop in order to be able to assist the gentleman.
"A number of doctors came forward from the audience to offer help. An ambulance was called.
"Ben made an onstage announcement calling an interval and thanking the audience for their understanding whilst we dealt with the situation."
Paramedics then helped the man out of the auditorium using an 'evac-chair' after 15 mins. This is an upright chair used by paramedics to transport patients up and down stairs.
The spokeswoman said: "After a second onstage announcement, again thanking the audience for their understanding, the show was restarted; the total stop time was 22 minutes.
"The gentleman was treated by the ambulance crew."
The theatre spokeswoman said the man was discharged by paramedics, and therefore not taken to hospital, but is not thought to have returned to see the rest of the show.


If you are facing deportation, you still may be able to file for Adjustment of Status in front of a judge. Adjustment of Status is one of the processes for receiving Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) status or a green card.
In order to fight your deportation and remain in the United States, a green card may still be an option. You may be able to apply for adjustment of status in front of the judge, or even file with immigration while fighting your deportation in court. It is highly recommended that you seek the advise of an experienced immigration attorney. Our firm has the experience to help you apply your green card. Contact Dorsett Immigration Law now for your free consultation.


With winter well and truly upon us, the shorter days combined with the struggle to get out of the office at lunchtime makes it hard for us to enjoy the winter sun. When you live in the sunburnt country that is Australia, this might not seem like a big deal; that is until you realise the warm rays of the sun are pretty important for providing us Aussies with vitamin D. The latest research suggests that vitamin D plays a pretty important role in keeping us fit and healthy and reducing illness. But alarmingly, more than 50% of us aren't getting enough of this sunshine vitamin.
The percentage of us not getting enough vitamin D actually fluctuates throughout the year, with spring being the season when we are in shortest supply. Even when we reach December, the first month of summer, 46 percent of us are still low. So what's the problem with not getting enough vitamin D? Well, vitamin D plays a role in everything from maintaining your energy levels and a healthy immune system to keeping your bones strong and your heart healthy, making it one very important vitamin.
Now you might be wondering how is it possible to get enough vitamin D when you are also meant to Slip, Slop, Slap and protect our skin when we're in the sun? The good news is; a little bit of the sun's rays goes a long way with providing enough vitamin D. In other words, you don't need to bake or burn and put your skin's health at risk in order to get enough.
Increasing your intake of oily fish; While 90 percent of your vitamin D comes from the sun's rays, the remaining 10 percent comes from food. Including two to three 150g serves of nutrient-dense fish each week, of which at least one serve is an oily variety such as salmon, herring and swordfish, will help with reaching your vitamin D requirements.
Eating mushrooms each day: Mushrooms exposed to sunlight naturally generate vitamin D, but if left too long in the sun they will shrivel and go brown. But farmers have found a way to generate vitamin D by exposing mushrooms to a short burst of sunlight after harvesting. This generates vitamin D while maintaining a nice looking mushroom, and just three mushrooms will provide 20 percent of your vitamin D requirements. For tasty mushroom recipes visit Power Of Mushrooms.
Taking a 'sun' break: The amount of sunlight you need to make vitamin D varies depending on the season, time of day, the state you live in and the colour of your skin. While 5-10 minutes of sunlight exposure at midday in summer might be enough for a moderately, fair-skinned person, in winter, anywhere from 7-30 minutes of sunlight at midday is needed depending on where you live. People in Hobart and Melbourne require nearly twice as many minutes in the sun as people who live in Sydney or Perth. For more specific recommendations on your individual sunlight requirements, check out the Vitamin D and Bone Health Position Statement.
Getting a blood test: A blood test will be able to confirm your levels of vitamin D and whether or not you should consider supplementation.


text:
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { ToasterService, Toast, ToasterConfig } from 'angular2-toaster';

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: 'toast-component',
    templateUrl: 'toast.component.html'
})
export class ToastComponent implements OnInit {

    public toasterconfig: ToasterConfig =
    new ToasterConfig({ positionClass: 'toast-top-right' });

    constructor(private toasterService: ToasterService) {
    }

    popToast(type: string) {
        // this.toasterService.pop('success', 'Success Notification', 'Data is stored successfully.');
        var toast: Toast = {
            type: type.toLowerCase(),
            title: 'Success Notification',
            body: 'Data is stored successfully.',
            showCloseButton: true,
        };
        this.toasterService.pop(toast);
    }
    ngOnInit() {

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"When my dad died, my mom could not keep our large family together. I know that she loved me, but the problems in her life forced her to send me to a countryside orphanage. I was 12.
Separated from my family, I did okay at the orphanage, but I missed my mom and family. I adjusted and made friends over time, but I always felt empty on the inside. I didn't do well at school, but the other kids didn't do any better.
I lived at the orphanage for several years, and as I got closer to high school graduation, I worried. The orphanage director told me that I had to leave after graduation. Where would I go? Who would take care of me? I worried a lot.
Then one day, I heard about a place called Victory House. I knew a girl there. She said that Orphan Voice gave her a nice place to live with a kind lady to cook for all the girls. They paid for everyone's school and Hanh, the housemother, acted like a mom to everyone. Oh, how I wanted to go there! I asked my orphanage director about it. He made application for me and I was accepted!
Now, almost three years later, I will soon graduate with a Tourism degree! I will get a good job! It was hard. I had to be tutored a lot and Linh really made me work hard (sometimes I got mad at her). But it was all worth it.
(Ny's story told through Tony Brewer and factually true in all respects).
Thank you, Orphan Voice partners. You do this every day!


The Women's Ministry at Ascent Church offers women fellowship, opportunities to study God's Word and to pray together. We wish to strengthen one another in the various roles women hold in their families, homes and workplaces with encouragement and support through the love of Christ.
1st and 3rd Wednesdays of each month from September - May from 9:00-11:30 am at Ascent Church in the Lodge.
Contact Julie Morlan at julie@ascentchurch.co.
For: Moms with children from the womb through Kindergarten!
MOPS is a mothers' support group that embraces the journey of motherhood and recognizes the challenges faced with raising young children. Come connect with other moms, be inspired and mentored, engage in honest conversation and relevant teaching. Enjoy delicious food and creative activities while savoring a break as your children experience an awesome Moppets class! Continue building relationships through play dates, Moms' Night Outs, fundraisers and service projects.


text:
Home ■ Health ■ Medicine ■ Artificial pancreas may improve treatment
22 April 2018 /
Andrew Masterson
Artificial pancreas may improve treatment
Review finds AI systems are better than injections.
An artificial pancreas may be a new way forward for patients with type 1 diabetes.
An artificial pancreas delivers better outcomes or people with type 1 diabetes than manual injections, according to a review published in the British Medical Journal.
However, the good news is tinged with caution, with both the researchers and the authors of an accompanying editorial warning that most studies testing the devices failed to meet robust standards for evidence.
Artificial pancreas units test blood-sugar levels using a continuous glucose monitor. The monitor sends data to an insulin pump that then calculates the amount of insulin that needs to be injected into the body.
Most diabetes patients rely on measuring their insulin levels through finger-prick blood tests and then have to calculate the dosage and frequency of manual injections. The daily regime comprises one or two baseline injections, plus others accompanying meals. Adjustments in relation to exercise and alcohol intake add further complexities.
The BMJ editorial, written by researchers led by Norman Waugh of the University of Warwick, UK, points out that even for highly motivated patients maintaining proper self-management is hard, and most people fail to do achieve optimal outcomes.
{%recommended 4850%}
Artificial units, which use a microprocessor and mathematical algorithms to boost or suspend insulin infusions based on changing plasma glucose levels, potentially remove the burdens of testing and decision-making.
The review, conducted by a team led by Eleni Bekiari at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, scoured the medical literature and chose 41 randomised control trials of the units, involving more than 1000 people with type 1 diabetes.
The researchers found that on average artificial pancreases were better at keeping patients in the sweet zone between dangerous high and low blood glucose levels. All up, people using the units experienced an extra two-and-a-half hours every day in the normal glucose range compared to those using manual testing and injections.
Bekiari and her colleagues found that the benefits of the artificial units were most pronounced at night – when blood glucose levels can change during sleep. They also report that the results were strong across all devices and dosages tested, including in studies involving people in normal living conditions, without external supervision. They noted the "convenience and ease of use of artificial pancreas systems".
However, the researchers also sounded a note of warning, noting that many of the trials in the review ran only for short periods of time and were designed to test for safety rather than long-term efficacy.
Although the initial findings suggest the pancreas units deliver much better outcomes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, the scientists concluded with a call for more, and more rigorous, trials, to confirm the findings and better assess the cost-effectiveness of the units.
The conclusion is echoed by Waugh and his colleagues, particularly in the context of making the devices more easily available and affordable.
"Closed loop systems have much to offer," they write, "but we need better evidence to convince policy makers faced with increasing demands and scarce resources."
Andrew Masterson is a former editor of Cosmos.
Barry Marshall and Robin Warren have guts
COVID-19's problem of confounding variables
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Early disc galaxy puts theories in a spin
Gondwana in amber


Health Messenger Alerts will utilize short code 45778 to send messages to health clinic clients/participants. Participants may receive messages for appointment reminders, missed appointment notifications, program termination alerts, and emergency alerts for things like clinic closings. It will be advertised on the Teletask website with our Health Messenger Service. To subscribe users will be initially signed up at the clinic and have the option to unsubscribe later via SMS response or by asking clinic staff who will have the ability to opt them out.
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Have a seat under our huge glass roof, which opens up to the sky to create a cozy dining atmosphere. Our inspiration is multicultural American cuisine and our menu ranges from lobster rolls and blackened tuna to pickled tofu. Our chefs design food experiences for hungry minigolfers with creativity, playfulness and endless reinvention.
In The Dining Room you can enjoy food inspired by the whole spectra of American food. There's no reason not to get a bite to eat after a rough game of minigolf!
Ceviche on cod and pulpo	Topped with jalapeño dressing, corn and tomato- and coriandergranité.
Wine suggestion: Corvers Kauter Terra 50 (Eko), Riesling, Rheingau, Germany 125:- gl.
Risotto with black winter truffle	Served with buttered shiitake, Portabello mushroom and Gorgonzola/Mascarpone topped with sultan raisins and roasted almond.
Wine suggestion: Chanson Chablis, Chardonnay, Chablis, France 140:- gl.
Boston lobster rolls	Sourdough roll stuffed with chunky lobster. Topped with grated boiled egg, roe from trout, black truffle and fried onions. Served with potato or sweet potato crispy fries.
Baked cocolatepasty	Topped with creamy toffee, Italian meringue and RumTopf.


Yes, Clenbuterol offer worldwide shipping including Mula, Spain. They offers free shipping to some countries.
Are you Trying to Find Clenbuterol in Mula? Why Do Not you Take Advantage of This Best Deals?
Clenbuterol (Clen) is the common term utilized that describes the popular bronchodilator Clenbuterol Hydrochloride. Designed with the intent of treating persistent asthma, Clen is also an effective fat-burner with some similarities to Ephedrine yet far more powerfully reliable. While created to treat respiratory issues it is this medications fat-burning abilities that have actually intrigued so many and by and large without question it is the number one reason many buy Clenbuterol (Clen) in the first place.
Clenbutrol is a fat-burner, established by CrazyBulk. The product sounds very just like the prescription drug Clenbuterol. However, they are essentially 2 various formulations and there will be no unfavorable adverse effects or legal concerns with using CrazyBulk's Clenbutrol.
Clenbutrol from CrazyBulk will certainly ship worldwide, according the the CrazyBulk main website delivery information, so it can be purchased from the CrazyBulk main website to ship to Mula. There is another address provided likewise on the CrazyBulk official web site for returns from international customers, as well as especially discusses CrazyBulk proposing it ships there routinely.
Can I Buy Clen Inexpensive or On Sale?
I would recommend you to buy Clenbutrol from the official supplier. Not just will you get a cash back warranty, you will receive discreet shipping and billing. The cash back guarantee enables you to attempt the Clenbuterol Ambroxol and return it within six weeks if you do not begin seeing outcomes! As somebody who utilizes the Clenbutrol and has called consumer support previously, the business is really reputable. At the time of writing, you can get a discount on the Clenbutrol main site. For a Clenbuterol Ambroxol it is competitively priced. With a cash back ensure too, this definitely a wise choice.
Where Can You Purchase Clenbuterol Ambroxol in Mula?
A lot of look for a devoted area to Purchase Clenbuterol Ambroxol in Mula connected to numerous website sale of a Clenbuterol Ambroxol products. There does not seem to be a specific website where Clen offers to Mula, and all searches return to the regular internet site or to numerous other products. Clen can be bought from the CrazyBulk official site from Mula as well as this looks like the only method to obtain it. Just like any product, it might occasionally show up on ebay.com or Amazon, however this is not likely to be as dependable as from the CrazyBulk official web site as well as it is usually encouraged not to purchase from eBay or Amazon.com as the high quality or refunds can not be ensured.
If you have chosen that you are going to purchase a Clenbuterol Ambroxol, I would recommend you buy from the main provider. Personally, I have done just that, and have discovered the buying procedure safe, educated and with a good level of client service.
I make certain there are a lot of guys who choose to keep their Clenbuterol Ambroxol products to themselves. It's not generally something you discuss with everyone. The official supplier has a complete privacy disclosure significance, your personal payment and identity details are not shown everybody.
Customer care is excellent. If you have any issues with your Clenbutrol, simply email them first. I got a reaction in hours. You can constantly call on the numbers supplied.
Some bodybuilders do taper towards completion of a clenbuterol cycle to reduce their body's shock when coming off. However, lots of consider this an individual option that depends on the individual.
What kinds does clen come in?
You can discover tablet type, spray and liquid clenbuterol offered. Many bodybuilders appreciate that they do not have to utilize a needle to inject this substance, unlike numerous other bodybuilding drugs.
Exactly what's much better: liquid clenbuterol or the pill kind?
This is actually a continuous argument in the bodybuilding community, with individuals taking both sides. Those who like liquid clenbuterol typically say that it's more-easily absorbed and truly powerful. Fans of the pills like that they can easily measure dosages and merely pop a tablet(s) into their mouth.
Look across the internet and you'll see a lot of clenbuterol reviews that rip this drug, while asserting that it's for women and pretty-boy underwear designs. Lots of cynics are worried about bulking and adhere to drugs like testosterone, deca-durabolin, anadrol and trenbolone. Nevertheless, don't let this alone turn you off from clen because it's a highly reliable cutting substance as well as has some muscle-hardening advantages. Once again, however, be aware that the adverse effects are absolutely nothing to scoff at.
The nice feature of clen is that you can add it to a range of cycles. Many prefer to produce a clenbuterol cycle that revolves around cutting and add another fat-burning compound like cytomel (T3) for fast outcomes; they also utilize other supplements to ward off clenbuterol side effects. Others will alternate cycles with fat-burning drugs so that they can use clen and other drugs on and off throughout the year. Listed below, you can see an excellent clenbuterol before and after image to get a smart idea on what one of these cycles can do.
You do not have to bother with Clenbuterol distribution to your address since presently Clenbuterol shipping is available to all regions or cities throughout Mula.
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How Can I Lose Weight Without Working Out?
How To Lose Weight From A Sauna Or Steam Room?
How Much Fat To Lose Weight?
How To Lose Weight Smoking Weed?
How Fast Can You Lose Weight After Pregnancy?
How to lose weight while still being healthy?


Morpisse is a Audio Book of a very popular series of Maharashtra times name "Morpisse". This Audio Book contains stories of the author Mrs. Anuradha Ganu living in United States of America, sharing all of her experiences and challenges that she had encoutered during her stay in America. This Audio Book contains 24 such short stories narrated by the author herself Mrs. Anuradha Ganu.


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Trovit West Midlands Warwickshire Riverside warwickshire
Riverside warwickshire
Receive new listings by email riverside warwickshire
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Similar searches "riverside warwickshire ":
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Kings Meadow, Bidford-on-Avon, B50 4JH
B50 4JH, Bidford on Avon CP, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...riverside walks and boat trips along the River Avon, and the more unusual local attractions including Bidford Gliding and Flying Club, two...
1 Bed Flat For Sale Clifford Chambers Stratford-upon-Avon
CV37, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...and church. Recently redeveloped to an exacting standard as part of an exclusive new development of just six executive apartments, Riverside...
6 Bed Detached For Sale Welford Road Alcester
B50 4NP, Mary Tavy, West Devon, Devon, South West England
Large Detached Country Residence. Situated In The Warwickshire Village Of Barton. Riverside Views And Walks. Ideally Situated For Stratford...
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CV37 9PU, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...famous for being William Shakespeare's birthplace and home to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. The town is also a prosperous riverside...
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CV34 5FT, Warwick, Warwickshire, West Midlands
An immaculate three double bedroom town house with two en-suites located at the desirable Portebello Riverside Development. The Development...
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2103-- - bed Flat For Sale Warwick Warwickshire CV34. Brand new apartmentsmeg integrated appliancesporcelonosa bathroom suiteporcelain tiling...
Property Wide 30+ days ago
Packhorse Road, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, CV37
CV37 6QT, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...attracts almost four million visitors a year who come to see its rich variety of historic buildings. Stratford is also a prosperous riverside...
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...off-road parking. Just over one mile from town with access to the Welcombe Hills, Hotel and Golf Course opposite, the River Avon, riverside...
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...well presented, three storey semi-detached, period townhouse, perfectly situated close to the town centre high street and popular riverside...
On The Market 4 days ago
2 bedroom detached bungalow for sale
CV32 5PA, Ballymaglave South
...property is within walking distance of Leamington Spa town centre and train station and in close proximity to local shops, schools and riverside...
CV37 7BD, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
A unique riverside property which is perfect both in its practical design for living and in its location, overlooking the Avon and unspoilt...
B50 4BQ, Alcester, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...riverside village situated between Straford-upon-Avon and Evesham, Bidford on Avon benefits from access to the motorway system via the M40...
CV37 6HE, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...riverside market town with fine restaurants and inns, a good choice of public and private schools and excellent sporting and recreational...
High Street, Bidford-on-Avon, B50
CV37 6EE, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
TENURE: To be advised Wow! What a stunning home in an impressive Riverside position with Mooring Rights, living up to its name of'Waters Edge'...
Move To 3 days ago
Squirrels Street, Bishopton, Stratford-upon-Avon, CV37
Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
1 bedroom apartment for sale
CV37 6FF, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
...Shakespeare and home to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and attracts almost four million visitors a year. Stratford is also a prosperous riverside...
2 bedroom retirement property for sale
CV37 6GW, Stratford-upon-Avon, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, West Midlands
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Skin Care Clinics in Sonipat, Haryana can be expensive, time consuming and stressful. You receive no promises and just a single meeting with the Dermatologist is never enough! The answer? Get the CureSkin App! Fix all your Skin/Hair issues, without stepping out of your home. Doorstep delivered medication, free follow-ups, quick chat support and more!
Good Skin Care Clinics in Sonipat are tough to come by. Most Sonipat residents struggle with issues like Acne, Under Eye Dark Circles, Dark Spots, Psoriasis, Boils, Allergies, Hair Loss etc. and go on to either attempt ineffective home remedies or go to general doctors who have hardly any knowledge about such issues. Wouldnt' it be better to seek the best assistance from skilled experts? That's what the CureSkin app is all about!
How Sonipat Skin Care Clinics work.
The citizens of Sonipat are forced to face many skin/hair troubles as a result of the Semi-arid climate. The atmospheric conditions are merciless and cause conditions like Dry skin, Pigmentation and Chapped lips regularly. Finding a proper Skin Care Clinic anywhere in Sonipat is tough, and when you find one, you encounter more troubles.
First, you are forced to spend a long time to fix an appointment. After this, you are expected to take out significantly more time to actually visit the Skin Care Clinic and wait in the reception till the Dermatologist looks at your issue. After this, you are required to purchase your prescription medication from a medical store and finally, you are given no guarantee that there will be results.
CureSkin is an App which treats your Skin or Hair concern with the aid of artificial intelligence, from the convenience of your house! Based on the knowledge base of skilled Dermatologists, CureSkin is depended on by thousands of individuals from every part of India for all Skin and Hair care needs. First, you are requested to click a picture of your Skin or Hair problem. This photo is analysed by the app and the problem is diagnosed.
After this, a regimen of medicines is given to you. This regimen is put together by experienced in-house Skin and Hair professionals to fix your Skin and Hair troubles. You can choose to pay Cash on Delivery or Online to get this regimen shipped to your door in Sonipat!
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Treat your Skin/Hair conditions and get your confidence with CureSkin, your virtual Skin Care Clinic in Sonipat! The cure is only a few taps of your phone away. What is the wait for? Download now!


Resort Realty is proud to announce the opening of its Hatteras Island division for 2014. This will make the fifth office for the company, who currently represents more than 500 OBX vacation homes from four offices in Corolla, Duck, Kitty Hawk and Nags Head.
As Resort continues to steadily grow and increase market share on the Outer Banks, the decision to open on Hatteras Island and offer property management services to Hatteras owners was inevitable. Resort's CEO, Mike Harrington as well as COO, Stuart Pack, began their property management careers on Hatteras, and are eager to begin working in the area again.
"We are extremely excited to once again work with the vacation rental homeowners on Hatteras Island, as well as become part of the local business community. Starting my career in Avon, I have a deep passion and knowledge for the entire area. We feel there is a growing demand for an owner-centric property management program on Hatteras Island, and that is our business," stated Harrington.


Once a Notice of Default (NOD) gets recorded, it enters pre foreclosure stage.
In CA, it is not required to record rescissions (cancellations) of NODs, therefore it can not be tracked unless, it is sold to another party or a Notice of Trustee Sales has been recorded against the property.
You may have already settled the debt with the lender but because it is not a requirement to record cancellation of NOD, unfortunately your property will show up when ever someone is searching for NODs. Most reputable platforms remove the names from the list within 180 days of recoding date.


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Top 10 stories of the week: May 21st to 27th May 2018
In no particular order, here are MediaNama's top 10 stories of the week ended 27th May 2018
MediaNama would like to thank its sponsors: E2E, for their support.
HT Media to launch paid news subscription soon: Digital CEO
"Anybody who tells you in the news media industry that they won't be taking the subscription route is either lying or soon going to bankrupt."
Rajiv Bansal, the head of the Hindustan Times's Digital Streams, told exchange4media that the media company will soon launch a paid news subscription product. He indicated that Mint, the financial daily, may be one of the few brands that they will experiment with this year. Bansal didn't elaborate on precisely what kind of subscription product HT might end up launching. Read it here
Delhi HC issues notice to Google, Facebook, Twitter for revealing identity of Kathua rape victim
The Delhi High Court issued notices to Google, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube for allowing the upload content which revealed the identity of an eight-year-old girl who was raped and killed in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir. While issuing the notice the court said that the platforms had done "a great disservice to the nation" by allowing these uploads. The notice was issued to these global web giants after the Indian subsidiaries of these companies told the bench that they were not the concerned entity to reply to the court's notice on the issue. Read it here
JustDial reports net profit increase of 53.6% with Rs 39cr in Q4FY18
Online classifieds and e-commerce company Justdial has reported a net profit of Rs 39 crore for the quarter ended 31st March 2018 (Q4 FY18). Net profit was up 53.6% on a year-on-year (YoY) basis and 36.3% on a quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) basis. Other income stood at Rs 16.6 crore for the quarter, up 30.7% from Rs 12.7 crore in the same quarter last year. Read it here
Lending platform Faircent gets NBFC-P2P certification from RBI
P2P lending platform Faircent has received its NBFC-P2P certification from the Reserve Bank of India. The RBI issued those guidelines last October, to register and accredit P2P lending firms that resell loans from individuals who have money to invest. Faircent is the first P2P lender to get this certification from the RBI. Read it here
Mark Zuckerberg's EU 'grilling' ended up as a damp squib: Highlights
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg addressed legislators at the European Parliament in an hour and a half long discussion. The event which was followed closely by both tech and political circles turned out to be a bit of a damp squib despite a set of strong questions put forth by the MEPs (Members of European Parliament). Unlike the US Congressional hearings which had a much softer line of questioning, Zuckerberg was only required to answer the questions he chose to because of time constraints. Read it here
Swiggy launches POP, offers meals in the range of Rs 99-200
The food ordering and delivery platform Swiggy has launched a new service called Swiggy POP targeted at young professionals across seven cities in India. As part of this new service, the company offers a curated menu of single-serve meals in the range of Rs 99- 200 from neighborhood restaurants. Read it here
MobiKwik's UPI payments service goes live, offers own VPA handle @ikwik
Payments company Mobikwik has launched UPI-based payments on its platform, becoming the latest mobile wallet to add the interoperable payment service. Mobikwik users will now be able to make and receive payments via their @ikwik Virtual Payments Address (VPA). Mobikwik's addition of UPI doesn't come as a surprise because mobile wallets, like the one run by Mobikwik, have seen a decline in usage over the past month as RBI's stricter KYC norms have come into effect. Read it here
Telecom infrastructure builders now included in DOT's Right of Way rules
Telecom infrastructure providers build wireless telecom towers, the base stations on them, lay out fiber, and the duct space that's needed to support that fiber. They are now included under the telecom department's right of way rules. This is something that infrastructure providers have been demanding for the two years since the rules were first announced. The DOT announced the inclusion in a circular on Tuesday. Read it here
3 Tamil Nadu districts shut both broadband and mobile internet down
In the Tamil Nadu districts of Thoothukudi, Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli, both mobile and broadband internet has been shut down for five days, the PTI reports. MediaNama was able to confirm with a BSNL representative that both broadband and mobile internet have been shut down, across both private operators as well as BSNL. "Not even fiber internet will work," a BSNL representative said. Read it here
Twitter follows Facebook, tightens rules for political ads and campaigns
Twitter is tightening its rules for political advertisements and campaigns on its platform. It said that advertisers will have to follow a set of guidelines on how they present their profiles.
This move follows major backlash against social media platforms for their role in influencing election results earlier, specifically the Russian influence on the 2016 US Presidential elections with bots and fake accounts and pages to run ads. Read it here
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Top 10 stories of the week: July 6th to July 12th 2020
In no particular order, here are MediaNama's top 10 stories of the week ended 12th July 2020 MediaNama would like to thank its sponsors:...
MedianamaJuly 11, 2020
Top 10 stories of the week: June 22nd to June 28th 2020
In no particular order, here are MediaNama's top 10 stories of the week ended 28th June 2020 MediaNama would like to thank its sponsors:...
MedianamaJune 27, 2020
Top 10 stories of the week: June 15th to June 21st 2020
In no particular order, here are MediaNama's top 10 stories of the week ended 21st June 2020 MediaNama would like to thank its sponsors:...
Top 10 stories of the week: June 8th to June 14th 2020


text:
package com.spotify.heroic.metric;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedSet;
import com.spotify.heroic.common.Series;
import lombok.Data;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

@Data
public class SeriesValues {
    final SortedSet<String> keys;
    final Map<String, SortedSet<String>> tags;

    @JsonCreator
    public SeriesValues(
        @JsonProperty("keys") SortedSet<String> keys,
        @JsonProperty("tags") Map<String, SortedSet<String>> tags
    ) {
        this.keys = checkNotNull(keys, "keys");
        this.tags = checkNotNull(tags, "tags");
    }

    private static final Comparator<String> COMPARATOR = new Comparator<String>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(String a, String b) {
            if (a == null) {
                if (b == null) {
                    return 0;
                }

                return -1;
            }

            if (b == null) {
                return 1;
            }

            return a.compareTo(b);
        }
    };

    public static SeriesValues fromSeries(final Iterator<Series> series) {
        final SeriesValues.Builder builder = builder();

        while (series.hasNext()) {
            final Series s = series.next();
            builder.addKey(s.getKey());
            builder.addSingleTags(s.getTags());
        }

        return builder.build();
    }

    public static SeriesValues of(final String k, final String v) {
        return new SeriesValues(ImmutableSortedSet.of(), ImmutableMap.of());
    }

    public static SeriesValues empty() {
        return new SeriesValues(ImmutableSortedSet.of(), ImmutableMap.of());
    }

    public static Builder builder() {
        return new Builder();
    }

    public static class Builder {
        final SortedSet<String> keys = new TreeSet<>();
        final Map<String, SortedSet<String>> tags = new HashMap<>();

        public void addKey(final String key) {
            this.keys.add(key);
        }

        public void addSingleTags(final Map<String, String> tags) {
            for (final Map.Entry<String, String> e : tags.entrySet()) {
                SortedSet<String> values = this.tags.get(e.getKey());

                if (values == null) {
                    values = new TreeSet<String>(COMPARATOR);
                    this.tags.put(e.getKey(), values);
                }

                values.add(e.getValue());
            }
        }

        public void addKeys(final Collection<String> keys) {
            this.keys.addAll(keys);
        }

        public void addTags(final Map<String, SortedSet<String>> tags) {
            Set<Map.Entry<String, SortedSet<String>>> entries = tags.entrySet();

            for (final Map.Entry<String, SortedSet<String>> t : entries) {
                SortedSet<String> values = this.tags.get(t.getKey());

                if (values == null) {
                    values = new TreeSet<>();
                    this.tags.put(t.getKey(), values);
                }

                values.addAll(t.getValue());
            }
        }

        public void addSeriesValues(final SeriesValues series) {
            addKeys(series.getKeys());
            addTags(series.getTags());
        }

        public SeriesValues build() {
            return new SeriesValues(keys, tags);
        }
    }
}


Have you ever wondered why they put so many LEDs on the front panel of networking equipment? I sure have, and I never found an answer. Perhaps the networks that I managed were not typical but all of them had networking equipment hidden in server rooms or wiring closets where no one ever saw them. However, one of the tasks of network administrators is to keep a constant watchful eye on the equipment they manage. How can it be done? By using monitoring tools, of course. How else could you monitor something that's in a remote location? Luckily, there are plenty of monitoring tools out there. Perhaps too many to make it easy to pick one that best suits your particular needs. We're going to help you by reviewing some of the best switch monitoring tools.
We'll start off by talking about monitoring, what it is and why it is useful. Then, we'll have a look at two different types of network monitoring tools, As you'll see, these tools don't just monitor your network switches, they also monitor the traffic they handle. Without going too technical, we'll also do our best to explain how the two main types of monitoring work. It will help you better appreciate our reviews of the best products. And talking about reviews, this is what we have next. We'll first have a look at the bandwidth monitoring tools and then look at the flow analysis tools.
Monitoring network switches can mean different things to different people. To me, there are two primary components of monitoring these devices. First, you need to ensure that they are up and running and that their operational parameters are within an acceptable range. On top of that basic monitoring, you might also want to monitor the traffic that these devices handle. It is an excellent way of ensuring all is operating normally.
Network traffic is often compared to road traffic. Network circuits can be thought of as highways and the data they transport are like vehicles travelling on them. However, while car traffic is visible and any problem or congestion that happens is readily observable, seeing what's going on on a network can be tricky. Network traffic is hidden within copper cables or glass fibres and is way too fast for anyone to see it.
Network monitoring tools are used to poll devices to get their operational metrics and to let you "see" exactly what data travels on your network.
Of the many types of network monitoring tools, two are of particular interest in the context of this post. Bandwidth utilization monitors are the most basic of these tools. They will read the network switches operational parameters such as CPU and memory loads and, more importantly, they will measure how much data is transported on each device interface.
The second type of tools we'll look into is called flow analyzers. They will typically give yo much more details about the data carried on the networks. They don't just tell you how much traffic is passing by, they tell you what type of traffic it is, where it's coming from and where it's going to.
Most network monitoring tools rely on the Simple Network Management Protocol or SNMP to poll devices and read their operational metrics as well as the amount of traffic going through their interfaces. They can use the polled data to build graphs that depict the evolution of the monitored parameters over time. They will often let you zoom in into a short time span where graph resolution is high and shows, for instance, 5-minute average traffic or zoom out to a longer time span–often up to a month or even a year–where it shows daily or weekly averages.
The Simple Network Management Protocol it the most used technology to remotely monitor and networking equipment. Despite its name, implementing it can prove to be a complex task. SNMP-enabled network switches make a certain number of parameters available. Some are modifiable configuration parameters, allowing one to change them while others are read-only counters, used for monitoring purposes. There are, for example, CPU and memory usage gauges available via SNMP.
Monitoring bandwidth usage is a bit more elaborate. Two counters called bytes in and bytes out are read by the monitoring tool at precisely timed intervals. A typical network bandwidth utilization monitoring system will poll each device at 5 minutes intervals. It will then subtract the previous value of the counter from the current one to get the number of bytes transferred in five minutes. It will multiply that number by 8 to get the number of bits. And finally, it will divide it by 300 to get the bandwidth in bits per second.
If you need to know more than the amount of traffic passing by, you need a more advanced monitoring system such as a flow analysis tool. These systems rely on software that's built into the networking equipment's firmware to send them detailed usage data. They can typically display top talkers and listeners, network usage by source or destination address, network usage by protocol or by application and several other useful information about what is going on.
Several flow analysis technologies exist but Cisco's NetFlow is the most common of them. Furthermore, most other technologies, such as Juniper's J-flow or NetStream on HP and Huawei equipment. There's even an IETF standard protocol called IPFIX which is based on the latest version of NetFlow. Most flow analysis tools will support several—if not all—technologies.
Originally created as a way of simplifying the creation of access control lists, NetFlow was developed by Cisco Systems where engineers quickly realized that the collected data could be put to a different use by exporting it to a device that can analyze the information.
NetFlow uses a three-component architecture. The exporter runs on the monitored device, aggregates packets into flows, and exports flow records to a flow collector. The flow collector handles the reception, storage and pre-processing of the flow data. Finally, the flow analyzer is used to analyze the flow data. Many systems combine the collector and analyzer in one device.
Because they are the most common monitoring tools and because they are likely to be the first you deploy, let's start by reviewing the top bandwidth monitoring tools. All of them use SNMP to periodically poll your network—and other—devices, and create graphic gauges and bandwidth utilization graphs, giving you some visibility on the status of your equipment and the network's usage.
SolarWinds enjoys a solid reputation for making some of the best network and system administration tools. Many of the company's products have received rave reviews and are considered among the very best in their respective fields. But SolarWinds is also famous for its free tools, smaller tools which address a specific need of network administrators. Two good examples of those free tools are the Real-time Bandwidth Monitor and the Kiwi Syslog Server.
The SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor (NPM), it is primarily an SNMP monitoring tool. At its core, it offers comprehensive fault monitoring and performance management using SNMP and it is thereby compatible with most equipment. It also comes with many advanced features such as its NetPath feature lets you view the critical network path between any two monitored points on your network. It can also automatically generate intelligent network maps.
Other features of the NPM include advanced alerting and the tool's PerfStack performance analysis dashboard. The Network Insights functionality is another advanced feature which allows for complex device monitoring. The tool can monitor Software Defined Networks (SDN) and has built-in Cisco ACI support as well the ability to monitor wireless networks and to generate network performance baselines. The SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor is a highly scalable tool that can be used on any network from the smallest to the largest.
The SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor's pricing structure is quite simple. Licensing is based on the number of monitored elements. Five licensing tiers are available for 100, 250, 500, 2000, and unlimited elements at prices ranging from $2 955 to $32 525, including the first year of maintenance. If you'd rather give the tool a test run before committing to a purchase, a free 30-day trial version can be obtained.
The PRTG Network Monitor from Paessler AG is another great product. It is, at its base, an SNMP monitoring tool. However, thanks to a concept called sensors—which can be thought of as add-ons that are already built into the product—additional metrics can be monitored. There are a couple hundred sensors available with the product. Installation speed is another strength of the product. According to Paessler, you can set it up in a couple of minutes.
The PRTG Network Monitor is a feature-rich product. It lets you choose between a native Windows enterprise console, an Ajax-based web interface as well as mobile apps for Android and iOS. Alerting and reporting are excellent and the product boasts a wide range of reports that can be viewed as HTML or PDF or exported to CSV or XML to be processed externally.
The PRTG Network Monitor is available in a free version that will limit your monitoring to 100 sensors. Each parameter you want to monitor counts as one sensor. For example, monitoring bandwidth on each port of a 48-port switch will require 48 sensors and monitoring the CPU and memory on that same switch will use up 2 more. For more than 100 sensors you'll need a paid license which starts at $1 600 for up to 500 sensors, including the first year of maintenance. A free 30-day trial version is also available.
The ManageEngine OpManager is a complete management solution that will address most monitoring needs. The tool can run on either Windows or Linux and it is loaded with excellent features. For instance, its auto-discovery feature can graphically map your network, giving you a uniquely customized dashboard.
The tool's dashboard is another one of its strong points. It is super easy to use and navigate and has drill-down functionality. If you're into mobile apps, they are available for tablets and smartphones and will allow you to access the system from anywhere. Overall, this is a very polished and professional product.
Alerting in OpManager is another of the product's strengths. There is a full complement of threshold-based alerts that will help detect, identify, and troubleshoot network issues. Multiple thresholds with various notifications can be set for every performance metric.
If you want to try the ManageEngine OpManager, get the free version. It is not a time-limited trial version. It is, instead, feature-limited. It won't, for instance, let you monitor more than ten devices. While this might be sufficient for testing purposes, it will only suit the smallest networks. For more devices, you can choose between the Essential or the Enterprise plans. The first will let you monitor up to 1 000 nodes while the other goes up to 10 000. Pricing information is available by contacting ManageEngine's sales.
Cacti is one of the most used free and open-source monitoring systems. It might not be as feature-rich as some commercial products but, given its price, it a great tool. Aside from MRTG–which is the mother of all network monitoring tools and a distant parent, Cacti is possibly the oldest monitoring tool still around. The simple fact that it is still in widespread use today is a testament to its value.
Cacti dates back to 2004 and it originally was meant as a web front-end to RRD tool, the logging and graphing component of MRTG. The tool's main components are a fast poller, advanced graph templating, and multiple data acquisition methods. Cacti also features customizable user access control where users can be configured to have access to a different set of graphs. This can be useful for large deployments with multiple support teams. The tool also boasts an easy to use albeit somewhat antiquated web-based interface. It can scale from a small business or home LANs to complex networks with thousands of devices on multiple sites.
Cacti is primarily written in PHP, making it easy to modify to suit your needs. It has built-in templates for several types of devices which already include most of the elements you might want to monitor. Cacti is such a popular tool—even today—that many device-specific templates can be downloaded either from device manufacturers' websites or from community-driven Cacti forums.
While SNMP monitoring systems will show you the important metrics of your devices and how much your network is used, it won't tell you how it is used. For that, you need the next level of monitoring systems, flow analysis tools. These tools use NetFlow and its variants to gather detailed information about what traffic is being transported on your network. Here are the best flow analysis tools we could find.
The SolarWinds NetFlow Traffic Analyzer can monitor network usage by application, protocol, and IP address group. It will monitor NetFlow devices and also J-Flow, sFlow, NetStream, and IPFIX. The tool collects flow data, arranges it into a usable and meaningful format and present it to users in a web-based interface. It can be used to identify which applications and categories consume the most bandwidth. It is one of the best NetFlow collector and Analyzer you can find.
Here are some of the product's best features.
The SolarWinds NetFlow Traffic Analyzer can monitor Bandwidth use by application, protocol, and IP address group.
It can monitor Cisco NetFlow, Juniper J-Flow, sFlow, Huawei NetStream, and IPFIX flow data to identify which applications and protocols are the top bandwidth consumers.
It collects traffic data, correlating it into a useable format, and presenting it to the user in a web-based interface for monitoring network traffic.
It Identifies which applications and categories consume the most bandwidth for better network traffic visibility with Cisco NBAR2 support.
The SolarWinds NetFlow Traffic Analyzer is an add-on to the Network Bandwidth monitor. You can save by acquiring both at the same time as the SolarWinds Network Bandwidth Analyzer Pack. Prices start at $4 910 for monitoring up to 100 elements and vary according to the number of monitored devices. While this may seem a bit expensive, keep in mind that you're getting not one but two of the best monitoring tools available. If you'd prefer to try the product before purchasing it, a free 30-day trial can be downloaded from SolarWinds.
Scrutinizer from Plixer is not just a flow analysis system. It has the ability to monitor different flow types such as NetFlow, J-flow, NetStream, and IPFIX so you're not limited to monitoring only Cisco devices. The tool offers efficient data collection and can easily scale up to many million flows per second. It works in both physical and virtual environments and comes with advanced reporting features.
Scrutinizer is available in many versions from the basic free version to the full-fledged "SCR" level which can scale up to over 10 million flows per second. The free version is limited to 10 thousand flows per second and it will only keep raw flow data for 5 hours but it should be more than enough to troubleshoot network issues. A free 30-day trial is available for all the paid versions. And after the trial period is over, it will revert back to the free version.
The ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer has a web-based interface that offers an impressive number of different views on your network. You can view traffic by application, by conversation, by protocol, and several more options. You can also set alerts. For example, you could set a traffic threshold on a specific interface and be alerted whenever traffic exceeds it.
The tool's dashboard includes several pie charts showing top applications, top protocols or top conversations. It can also display a "heat map" with the status of the monitored interfaces. Dashboards and reports can be customized to include only the information you need. The tool's dashboard is also where alerts are displayed in the form of pop-ups. A smartphone app that will let you access the dashboard and reports from anywhere.
The ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer supports most flow technologies including NetFlow, IPFIX, J-flow, NetStream and a few others. The product is available in two versions. The free version is identical to the paid one for the first 30 days but it then reverts to monitoring only two interfaces or flows. For the paid version, licenses are available in several sizes from 100 to 2 500 interfaces or flows.