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Tag: E.K. Johnston
Tundra Telegram: Books that'll Make You Sweat
Hello, and thanks for joining us at Tundra Telegram, the column where we simmer on topics that we're all stewing on, and recommend some scalding stories to generate further discussion.
Much of Europe and North America and several provinces in China are in the middle of a massive heat wave. And while that sounds like fun and a good excuse to get ice cream, this is not the fun kind of heat. This is catastrophic heat that's breaking records, cancelling rail travel, killing people, and contributing to massive wildfires in what some are calling a "heat apocalypse."
The best course of action, should you be in the middle of a heat wave (and many of you reading this are), is to stay hydrated, limit your exertion, and – if needed (and possible) – get to a local cooling station. But if you want to read some books that are just as sweltering as the weather (the same kind of rationale as drinking coffee in the heat), get ready to sizzle – we've got hot books, books about how the earth is heating up, and books with the hottest summers ever recorded – so far.
If you think you're hot, imagine what it would be like in this heat as a long-haired dachshund! That's the predicament the hero of Hot Dog by Doug Salati faces: this is a wiener pup who is overheated and overwhelmed. He's had enough of a sizzling city summer, so his owner hails a cab and finds them so relief on the beach!
A book of value to anyone in a heat wave is Too Hot? Too Cold?: Keeping Body Temperature Just Right by Caroline Arnold and Annie Patterson. In easy-to-understand writing, young readers will discover the many different ways humans and animals adapt to heat and cold. Have you ever wondered why you sweat when you're hot? Or why dogs pant in the heat? These burning questions and more are answered within.
How can young readers prevent this summer's heat wave from being the first of regular occurrences? Climate Action: The Future Is in Our Hands by Georgina Stevens and Katie Rewse has a few ideas! Not only does this book outline for young readers the causes of climate change and how it is affecting our world, it provides some innovative ideas for tackling climate breakdown, inspired by the positive stories from young people effecting change all around the (currently very hot) globe.
CHAPTER BOOKS & MIDDLE GRADE
If you're looking for books about the causes of the incredible heat and how climate change contributes to it, but for a slightly older reading level, there are several great books to choose from. What Is Climate Change? by Gail Herman and John Hinderliter presents all sides of the climate change argument in this fact-based, fair-minded, and well-researched book that looks at the subject from many perspectives, including scientific, social, and political. And it has a polar bear on the cover, who we currently envy (even if its ice floe is looking mighty small!).
Once you've figured out what climate change is, and want to do something about it, you'll want to read This Book Will (Help) Cool the Climate by Isabel Thomas and Alex Paterson, which offers 50 different ways to "cut pollution, speak up, and protect the planet" from bartering to assigning school some eco-homework. (No word on if anything will immediately turn the temperature down, but every bit helps!)
Want more ammunition on cooling the climate? Naomi Klein and Rebecca Stefoff's How to Change Everything has what you need. As the book notes, temperatures are rising all over the world, leading to wildfires, droughts, animal extinctions and ferocious storms (and that's just this week). Using examples of change and protest from young activists around the world, Klein shows we can help make things better – if we're willing to change everything.
For something (mostly) fictional in the same vein, try Carrie Firestone's The First Rule of Climate Club, in which eighth grader Mary Kate Murphy starts a podcast on climate activism and rallies her friends to create lasting change in their small suburban town. (It's like the kids in this book read How to Change Everything!)
You may identify with the protagonist of our next book: Penelope March Is Melting by Jeffrey Michael Ruby. Set in a frozen town, Glacier Cove, that sits atop a literal iceberg, it seems like the book's resident bookworm Penelope March need not worry about heat waves. But when the iceberg begins to melt, Penelope and her friend Miles must set out on an adventure.
And it wouldn't be a heat wave without deadly forest fires. Cue Canadian Iain Lawrence and his forthcoming novel, Fire on Headless Mountain, in which eleven-year-old Virgil is separated from his siblings in the midst of a disastrous forest conflagration, and must use his wits and mother's lessons to survive on his own.
Moving from forest fires to another kind of heat, Kasie West's YA romance Sunkissed finds Avery spending a hot summer at a family resort, with – surprise, surprise – an even hotter resort staff member, Brooks. This swoony love story won't give you heat exhaustion, but it will make you sweat.
And Say Yes Summer by Lindsey Roth Culli emanates a similar heat, as Rachel Walls spends a sweltering summer saying "yes," to everything – yes to new experiences, yes to spontaneous road trips with crushes. Let's just hope she also says "yes" to drinking plenty of fluids and finding shade.
Summer Fires by Giulia Sagramola is a graphic novel that depicts summer heat so well in its color palette and its characters languid movements, you'd think you've been transported to southern Italy. The book, translated from the Italian, follows two sisters faced with impossible choices of teenaged life, which mirror the massive forest fires (again!) in the surrounding hillsides of the town. Turn on the ceiling fan and dive in!
Speaking of forest fires, Julie Buxbaum's Year on Fire uses fire season in Wood Valley as a backdrop for changing friendships as a single kiss with new boy Rohan shakes the foundation of the connection among twins Arch and Immie and their best friend, Paige. There's even an arson in the school bathroom, if you need more heat!
There are few things better to beat the heat than ice cream. Melt with You by Jennifer Dugan is a funny and heartfelt queer YA rom-com about two girls on a summer road trip in an ice cream truck. Former best friends Fallon and Chloe haven't talked since a fateful summer they hooked up. But a year later, a series of unfortunate events mean they'll be working an ice cream truck together through a heated road trip. Not since the Smashing Pumpkins' "Today" music video has an ice cream truck been filled with such angst!
As Bruno Mars noted in "Uptown Funk," there's not much hotter than a dragon's breath – at least we think that's what he's talking about when he croons, "Too hot. Make a dragon wanna' retire, man." E.K. Johnston agrees, as her book The Story of Owen: The Dragon Slayer of Trondheim combines the heat of dragon fire with the heat of climate change. See, sixteen-year-old Owen is training to be a dragon-slayer in modern-day Canada, so he (and his friend and bard Siobhan) can protect his rural town from dragons who feed on fossil fuels. Yes, in this world dragons feed on carbon emissions (!).
Sure it's hot now, but is it horses-combusting-into-flame hot? Then you need to read Ashlords by Scott Reintgen, an epic fantasy story about three "phoenix riders" who compete in a multi-day horse race in which the horses, made of ash and alchemy, are summoned back to life each sunrise with uniquely crafted powers to cover impossible distances and challenges before bursting into flames at sunset. (Kentucky Derby, time to up your game.)
Stay cool, stay hydrated, and enjoy some hot reads!
Tundra Telegram: Books That Aren't Gonna' Take It Anymore
Hello, and thanks again for reading the Tundra Telegram, the column where we dig into the subjects on readers' minds and recommend some recent great books to continue the discussion.
And what is on many North Americans' minds this week? The fight for abortion rights in the United States. No doubt, our readers have heard about the leaked draft of a U.S. Supreme Court opinion that indicated the court is set to overturn the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade case that legalized abortion nationwide. In the days and nights that followed, abortion rights protesters have rallied in cities around the United States (and sometimes outside Supreme Court Justices' houses) to express their outrage and opposition.
While few picture books delve much into abortion or abortion rights, we have included a few YA titles that do in a frank manner. But our focus in this telegram is on books that demonstrate the power of protest and collective action to influence political decisions.
To get your kids involved in activism early, start with an ABC book, like A Is for Activist, written and illustrated by Innosanto Nagara. Perfect for families who want their kids to grow up in a space that is unapologetic about activism, environmental justice, civil rights, LGBTQ rights, and everything else that activists believe in and fight for, A Is for Activist will have your kids associating M with Megaphones and Marches over Moons and Monsters.
Inspired by the 5 million people (many of them children) in 82 countries who participated in the 2017 Women's March, Andrew Joyner's The Pink Hat follows the journey of a pink hat that is swiped out of a knitting basket by a pesky kitten, blown into a tree by a strong wind, and – after a series of misadventures – finally makes its way onto the head of a young girl marching for women's equality.
Kids in protest march are also central to Lubaya's Quiet Roar by Marilyn Nelson and Philomena Williamson, a book that shows the power of introverts in social justice movements. A reserved girl draws pictures on the back of her parents' protest posters. So when the posters are needed again when Lubaya and her folks march in the streets, the girl's artwork makes a massive visual statement and demonstrates how "a quiet roar can make history."
Shirley Chisholm Dared: The Story of the First Black Woman in Congress by Alicia D. Williams and April Harrison is not just a picture book biography, but the story of an activist turned political leader. Chisholm started as a kid who asked "too many questions," soon became a young activist with the Harriet Tubman Society and Bedford-Stuyvesant Political League, and eventually became the first Black woman to run for Congress, as you'll learn when you read this acclaimed picture book!
We Rise, We Resist, We Raise Our Voices is an anthology of poems, letters, personal essays, art, and other works by 50 diverse creators who lend voice to young activists, and edited by legendary writers and editors Wade and Cheryl Willis Hudson. From authors like Kwame Alexander, Jacqueline Woodson, Ellen Oh, and others comes a book that, as Ashley Bryan says in the foreword, "just to touch this book … will lift your spirits."
Grassroots organizing is highlighted in Take Back the Block by Chrystal D. Giles. In it, Wes is more focused on his style and playing video games than the protests his parents keep dragging him to. But when a developer attempts to buy Kensington Oaks, the neighborhood where Wes has lived his entire life, he gets a hard lesson in gentrification and becomes a reluctant activist who learns the power of community.
It may not have the awesome power of a thousands-strong march, but Tanya Lloyd Kyi's Banksy and Me features a street-art-style protest against cameras being brought into classrooms and unites a group of middle-grade students together against an unfair school policy.
And Property of the Rebel Librarian by Allison Varnes celebrates a different kind of activism, when straitlaced student June Harper starts an underground reading movement in reaction to a massive book ban at her middle-school, showing you can make a difference by marching in the streets and by granting access to forbidden information!
Maybe she's not fighting for reproductive rights, but young feminist Jemima Kincaid takes aim at her private school's many problematic traditions in The Feminist Agenda of Jemima Kincaid by Kate Hattemer. When Jemima is named to student council's Senior Triumvirate, she's finally in a position to change things, but she may inadvertently end up reinforcing patriarchy instead of fighting it!
If that's not angry enough for you, you'll love Iron Widow, Xiran Jay Zhao's "400 pages of female rage." It's like Pacific Rim mashed up with The Handmaid's Tale and a heaping spoonful of Chinese history. As Julie C. Dao insists, "Zetian's fight to shatter patriarchal definitions of power makes for a truly thrilling read."
But if you're looking for YA books that discuss abortion, you can't go wrong with E. K. Johnston's Exit, Pursued by a Bear, an unforgettable story about the aftermath of a cheerleader's sexual assault, that refuses to play to stereotypes and focuses instead on the importance of creating strong community support systems. It's no spoiler to say an abortion is pivotal in our heroine Hermione's journey.
And an oldie-but-goodie on the topic of abortion is bestselling author Sarah Dessen's Someone Like You, following teen best friends Scarlett and Halley as they encounter new understandings of love, sex, and responsibility – something highlighted when Scarlett finds herself pregnant two months after her boyfriend dies in a motorcycle accident. Could abortion be her answer? You'll never know unless you read this classic from 1998!
Holiday Spotlight: Penguin Young Readers 2021
Here at Penguin Random House Canada, we're lucky to work with so many different publisher lists. This holiday season, we'll be highlighting each one with a dedicated post to help you find the perfect gift (or your next read). Today's post is all about Penguin Young Readers.
Aetherbound
By E. K. Johnston
ISBN 9780735231856 | Dutton BFYR
Set on a family-run interstellar freighter called the Harland and a mysterious remote space station, E. K. Johnston's latest is story of survival and self-determination. Pendt Harland's family sees her as a waste of food on their long-haul space cruiser when her genes reveal an undesirable mutation. But if she plays her cards right she might have a chance to do much more than survive. During a space-station layover, Pendt escapes and forms a lucky bond with the Brannick twins, the teenage heirs of the powerful family that owns the station. Against all odds, the trio hatches a long-shot scheme to take over the station and thwart the destinies they never wished for.
Beasts of Prey
By Ayana Gray
ISBN 9780593405680 | Putnam BFYR
There's no such thing as magic in the broken city of Lkossa, especially for sixteen-year-old Koffi, who holds a power within her that could only be described as magic – a power that if discovered could cost her life. Indentured to the notorious Night Zoo, Koffi knows the fearsome creatures in her care and paying off her family's debts to secure their eventual freedom can be her only focus. But the night those she loves are gravely threatened by the Zoo's cruel master, Koffi finally unleashes the power she doesn't fully understand, upending her life completely. As the second son of a decorated hero, Ekon is all but destined to become a Son of the Six – an elite warrior – and uphold a family legacy. But on the night of his final rite of passage, Ekon encounters not only the Shetani – a vicious monster that has plagued the city for nearly a century and stalks his nightmares, but Koffi who seems to have the power to ward off the beast. Koffi's power ultimately saves Ekon's life, but his choice to let her flee dooms his hopes of becoming a warrior. Desperate to redeem himself, Ekon vows to hunt the Shetani and end its reign of terror, but he can't do it alone. Meanwhile, Koffi believes finding the Shetani could also be the key to solving her own problems. Koffi and Ekon form a tentative alliance and together enter the Greater Jungle, a world steeped in wild, frightening magic and untold dangers. The hunt begins. But it quickly becomes unclear whether they are the hunters or the hunted.
Call Us What We Carry
By Amanda Gorman
240 Pages | All Ages | Hardcover
ISBN 9780593465066 | Viking Books
Formerly titled The Hill We Climb and Other Poems, the luminous poetry collection by #1 New York Times bestselling author and presidential inaugural poet Amanda Gorman captures a shipwrecked moment in time and transforms it into a lyric of hope and healing. In Call Us What We Carry, Gorman explores history, language, identity, and erasure through an imaginative and intimate collage. Harnessing the collective grief of a global pandemic, these poems shine a light on a moment of reckoning and reveal that Gorman has become our messenger from the past, our voice for the future.
Change Sings: A Children's Anthem
Illustrated by Loren Long
ISBN 9780593203224 | Viking BFYR
In this stirring, much-anticipated picture book by presidential inaugural poet and activist Amanda Gorman, anything is possible when our voices join together. As a young girl leads a cast of characters on a musical journey, they learn that they have the power to make changes – big or small – in the world, in their communities, and in most importantly, in themselves. With lyrical text and rhythmic illustrations that build to a dazzling crescendo by #1 New York Times bestselling illustrator Loren Long, Change Sings is a triumphant call to action for everyone to use their abilities to make a difference.
Dark and Shallow Lies
By Ginny Myers Sain
La Cachette, Louisiana, is the worst place to be if you have something to hide. This tiny town, where seventeen-year-old Grey spends her summers, is the self-proclaimed Psychic Capital of the World – and the place where Elora Pellerin, Grey's best friend, disappeared six months earlier. Grey can't believe that Elora vanished into thin air any more than she can believe that nobody in a town full of psychics knows what happened. But as she digs into the night that Elora went missing, she begins to realize that everybody in town is hiding something – her grandmother Honey; her childhood crush Hart; and even her late mother, whose secrets continue to call to Grey from beyond the grave. When a mysterious stranger emerges from the bayou – a stormy-eyed boy with links to Elora and the town's bloody history – Grey realizes that La Cachette's past is far more present and dangerous than she'd ever understood. Suddenly, she doesn't know who she can trust. In a town where secrets lurk just below the surface, and where a murderer is on the loose, nobody can be presumed innocent – and La Cachette's dark and shallow lies may just rip the town apart.
Fatima's Great Outdoors
By Ambreen Tariq
Illustrated by Stevie Lewis
40 Pages | Ages 4-8| Hardcover
ISBN 9781984816955 | Kokila
Fatima Khazi is excited for the weekend. Her family is headed to a local state park for their first camping trip! The school week might not have gone as planned, but outdoors, Fatima can achieve anything. She sets up a tent with her father, builds a fire with her mother, and survives an eight-legged mutant spider (a daddy longlegs with an impressive shadow) with her sister. At the end of an adventurous day, the family snuggles inside one big tent, serenaded by the sounds of the forest. The thought of leaving the magic of the outdoors tugs at Fatima's heart, but her sister reminds her that they can keep the memory alive through stories – and they can always daydream about what their next camping trip will look like. Ambreen Tariq's picture book debut, with cheerful illustrations by Stevie Lewis, is a rollicking family adventure, a love letter to the outdoors, and a reminder that public land belongs to all of us.
Hello (From Here)
By Chandler Baker and Wesley King
ISBN 9780593326121 | Dial BFYR
Maxine and Jonah meet in the canned goods aisle just as California is going into lockdown. Max's part-time job as a personal grocery shopper is about to transform into a hellish gauntlet. Jonah's preexisting anxiety is about to become an epic daily struggle. As Max and Jonah get to know each other through FaceTime dates, socially distanced playground hangs, and the escalating heartbreaks of the pandemic, they're pushed apart by what they don't share and pulled closer by what they do. As thoughtful, probing, and informed as it is buoyant, romantic, and funny, Hello (From Here) cuts across differences in class, privilege, and mental health, all thrown into stark relief by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here's a novel that looks at the first two months of the quarantine, and adds falling in love to the mess.
Huda F Are You?
192 Pages | Ages 12+ | Paperback
Huda and her family just moved to Dearborn, Michigan, a small town with a big Muslim population. In her old town, Huda knew exactly who she was: She was the hijabi girl. But in Dearborn, everyone is the hijabi girl. Huda is lost in a sea of hijabis, and she can't rely on her hijab to define her anymore. She has to define herself. So she tries on a bunch of cliques, but she isn't a hijabi fashionista or a hijabi athlete or a hijabi gamer. She's not the one who knows everything about her religion or the one all the guys like. She's miscellaneous, which makes her feel like no one at all. Until she realizes that it'll take finding out who she isn't to figure out who she is.
I Don't Want to Read This Book
By Max Greenfield
Illustrated by Mike Lowery
Words, sentences, and even worse, paragraphs fill up books. Ugh! So what's a reluctant reader to do? Actor Max Greenfield (New Girl) and New York Times bestselling illustrator Mike Lowery bring the energy and laugh-out-loud fun out for every child (and parent) who thinks they don't want to read a book. Joining the ranks of favorites like The Book With No Pictures and The Serious Goose, this clever and playful read-aloud breaks the fourth wall and will have all readers coming back for laughs again and again!
Kiki Kallira Breaks a Kingdom
By Sangu Mandanna
Kiki Kallira has always been a worrier. Did she lock the front door? Is there a terrible reason her mom is late? Recently her anxiety has been getting out of control, but one thing that has always soothed her is drawing. Kiki's sketchbook is full of fanciful doodles of the rich Indian myths and legends her mother has told her over the years. One day, her sketchbook's calming effect is broken when her mythological characters begin springing to life right out of its pages. Kiki ends up falling into the mystical world she drew, which includes a lot of wonderful discoveries like the band of rebel kids who protect the kingdom, as well as not-so-great ones like the ancient deity bent on total destruction. As the one responsible for creating the evil god, Kiki must overcome her fear and anxiety to save both worlds – the real and the imagined – from his wrath. But how can a girl armed with only a pencil defeat something so powerful?
The Last Kids on Earth and the Doomsday Race
By Max Brallier
Illustrated by Douglas Holgate
With his zombie-controlling powers growing stronger, Jack Sullivan and his buddies are road-tripping toward the mysterious Tower, where they must once and for all stop Rezzoch the Ancient, Destructor of Worlds, from descending upon our dimension. But their journey is sidetracked when they are swept up by the Mallusk, an enormous centipede monster carrying the world's largest shopping mall on its back. On board, the kids discover a thriving monster society: Mallusk City! There, they encounter old allies – as well as old foes, who are ruling over Mallusk City with an iron fist. Beating these bad guys in battle is not an option, but beating them in an election is . . . so Jack runs for mayor of Mallusk City! At first, proving his leadership skills just means shaking monster hands, kissing monster babies, and promising to fill the water fountains with strawberry Nesquik. But when the Mallusk falls under attack, Jack must learn how to be a true leader – before it's too late.
Laxmi's Mooch
By Shelly Anand
Illustrated by Nabi H. Ali
Laxmi never paid much attention to the tiny hairs above her lip. But one day while playing farm animals at recess, her friends point out that her whiskers would make her the perfect cat. She starts to notice body hair all over – on her arms, legs, and even between her eyebrows. With her parents' help, Laxmi learns that hair isn't just for heads, but that it grows everywhere, regardless of gender. Featuring affirming text by Shelly Anand and exuberant, endearing illustrations by Nabi H. Ali, Laxmi's Mooch is a celebration of our bodies and our body hair, in whichever way they grow.
The Legend of Auntie Po
By Shing Yin Khor
304 Pages | Ages 10-14 | Hardcover
Aware of the racial tumult in the years after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Mei tries to remain blissfully focused on her job, her close friendship with the camp foreman's daughter, and telling stories about Paul Bunyan – reinvented as Po Pan Yin (Auntie Po), an elderly Chinese matriarch. Anchoring herself with stories of Auntie Po, Mei navigates the difficulty and politics of lumber camp work and her growing romantic feelings for her friend Bee. The Legend of Auntie Po is about who gets to own a myth, and about immigrant families and communities holding on to rituals and traditions while staking out their own place in America.
The Legend of the Christmas Witch
By Dan Murphy and Aubrey Plaza
Illustrated by Julia Iredale
Gather 'round the fire to hear a Christmas legend that has never been told before . . . until now. Each year a mysterious figure sweeps into town, leaving behind strange gifts in the night. No, not Santa Claus, but his sister . . . The Christmas Witch. Her story begins many, many years ago when her brother was torn away from her as a child. Raised alone by a witch of the woods, Kristtōrn's powers of magic grew, as did her temper. Determined to find her long lost twin, she set out on a perilous journey across oceans to find him. But what she found instead was a deep-seated fear of her powers and a confrontation that would leave the fate of Christmas hanging in the balance.
When We Make It
By Elisabet Velasquez
Sarai is a first-generation Puerto Rican eighth grader who can see with clarity the truth, pain, and beauty of the world both inside and outside her Bushwick apartment. Together with her older sister Estrella, she navigates the strain of family traumas and the systemic pressures of toxic masculinity and housing insecurity in a rapidly gentrifying Brooklyn. Sarai questions the society around her, her Boricua identity, and the life she lives with determination and an open heart, learning to celebrate herself in a way that she has been denied. When We Make It is a love letter to girls who were taught to believe they would not make it at all. The verse is evocative and insightful, and readers are sure to be swept into Sarai's world and rooting for her long after they close the book.
Summer is here and we're ready to soak up some sun . . . and books! During our Penguin Teen Social in May, we listed the ten books we're definitely reading this summer – how many of these are on your TBR?
A Lesson in Vengeance
By Victoria Lee
ISBN 9780593305829 | Delacorte Press
Felicity Morrow is back at the Dalloway School to finish her senior year after the tragic death of her girlfriend. She even has her old room in Godwin House, the exclusive dormitory rumored to be haunted by the spirits of five Dalloway students – girls some say were witches. Felicity was once drawn to the dark legacy of witchcraft. She's determined to leave that behind her now; but it's hard when Dalloway's occult history is everywhere. And when the new girl won't let her forget it. It's Ellis Haley's first year at Dalloway. A prodigy novelist at seventeen, Ellis is eccentric and brilliant, and Felicity can't shake the pull she feels to her. So when Ellis asks Felicity for help researching the Dalloway Five for her second book, Felicity can't say no. And when history begins to repeat itself, Felicity will have to face the darkness in Dalloway – and in herself.
All Our Hidden Gifts
By Caroline O'Donoghue
ISBN 9781536213942 | Walker Books US
After Maeve finds a pack of tarot cards while cleaning out a closet during her in-school suspension, she quickly becomes the most sought-after diviner at St. Bernadette's Catholic school. But when Maeve's ex–best friend, Lily, draws an unsettling card called The Housekeeper that Maeve has never seen before, the session devolves into a heated argument that ends with Maeve wishing aloud that Lily would disappear. When Lily isn't at school the next Monday, Maeve learns her ex-friend has vanished without a trace. Shunned by her classmates and struggling to preserve a fledgling romance with Lily's gender-fluid sibling, Roe, Maeve must dig deep into her connection with the cards to search for clues the police cannot find – even if they lead to the terrifying Housekeeper herself. Set in an Irish town where the church's tight hold has loosened and new freedoms are trying to take root, this sharply contemporary story is witty, gripping, and tinged with mysticism.
Instructions for Dancing
By Nicola Yoon
Evie Thomas doesn't believe in love anymore. Especially after the strangest thing occurs one otherwise ordinary afternoon: She witnesses a couple kiss and is overcome with a vision of how their romance began . . . and how it will end. After all, even the greatest love stories end with a broken heart, eventually. As Evie tries to understand why this is happening, she finds herself at La Brea Dance studio, learning to waltz, fox-trot, and tango with a boy named X. X is everything that Evie is not: adventurous, passionate, daring. His philosophy is to say yes to everything – including entering a ballroom dance competition with a girl he's only just met. Falling for X is definitely not what Evie had in mind. If her visions of heartbreak have taught her anything, it's that no one escapes love unscathed. But as she and X dance around and toward each other, Evie is forced to question all she thought she knew about life and love. In the end, is love worth the risk?
Radha & Jai's Recipe for Romance
By Nisha Sharma
Radha is on the verge of becoming one of the greatest kathak dancers in the world . . . until a family betrayal costs her the biggest competition of her life. Now she has left her Chicago home behind to follow her stage mom to New Jersey. At the Princeton Academy of the Arts, Radha is determined to leave performing in her past and reinvent herself from scratch. Jai is captain of the Bollywood Beats dance team, ranked first in his class, and is an overachiever with no college plans. Tight family funds means medical school is a pipe dream, which is why he wants to make the most out of high school. When Radha enters his life, he realizes she's the exact ingredient he needs for a show-stopping senior year. With careful choreography, both Radha and Jai will need to face their fears (and their families) if they want a taste of a happily ever after.
Rising Like a Storm
By Tanaz Bhathena
With King Lohar dead and a usurper queen in power, Gul and Cavas face a new tyrannical government that is bent on killing them both. Their roles in King Lohar's death have not gone unnoticed, and the new queen is out for blood. What she doesn't know is that Gul and Cavas have a connection that runs deeper than romance, and together, they just might have the strength and magic to end her reign for good. Then a grave mistake ends with Cavas being taken prisoner. Gul is left to train an army of warriors alone. With alliances shifting and the thirst for vengeance growing, the fate of Ambar seems ever more uncertain. It will take every ounce of strength, love, and sacrifice for Gul and Cavas to reach their final goal – and build a more just world than they've ever known.
Six Crimson Cranes
By Elizabeth Lim
Shiori'anma, the only princess of Kiata, has a secret. Forbidden magic runs through her veins. Normally she conceals it well, but on the morning of her betrothal ceremony, Shiori loses control. At first, her mistake seems like a stroke of luck, forestalling the wedding she never wanted. But it also catches the attention of Raikama, her stepmother. A sorceress in her own right, Raikama banishes the young princess, turning her brothers into cranes. She warns Shiori that she must speak of it to no one: for with every word that escapes her lips, one of her brothers will die. Penniless, voiceless, and alone, Shiori searches for her brothers, and uncovers a dark conspiracy to seize the throne. Only Shiori can set the kingdom to rights, but to do so she must place her trust in a paper bird, a mercurial dragon, and the very boy she fought so hard not to marry. And she must embrace the magic she's been taught all her life to forswear – no matter what the cost.
Tell Me When You Feel Something
By Vicki Grant
It seemed like a cool part-time program – being a "simulated" patient for med school students to practice on. But now vivacious, charismatic Viv lies in a very real coma. Cellphone footage just leads to more questions. What really happened? Other kids suspect it was not an intentional overdose – but each has a reason why they can't tell the truth. Through intertwining and conflicting narratives, a twisted story unfolds of trust betrayed as we sift through the seemingly innocent events leading up to the tragic night. Perhaps simulated patients aren't the only people pretending to be something they're not. . . . The perfect after-school job turns deadly in this contemporary YA thriller that exposes the dark reality of #MeToo in the world of medicine, for fans of Karen McManus and Holly Jackson.
The Great Godden
By Meg Rosoff
This is the story of one family, one dreamy summer. . . . In a holiday house by the sea, our watchful narrator sees everything, including many things they shouldn't, as their brother and sisters, parents, and older cousins fill hot days with wine and games and planning a wedding. Enter two brothers: irresistible, charming, languidly sexy Kit and surly, silent Hugo. Suddenly there's a serpent in this paradise – and the consequences will be devastating.
Tremendous Things
We all have moments that define us. For the comically clueless Wilbur, his moment happened on the first day of middle school, when someone shared his private letter with the entire student body. It revealed some of Wilbur's innermost embarrassing thoughts that no one else should ever know. Now it's the start of ninth grade and Wilbur hasn't been able to escape that major humiliation. His good friend Alex stuck by him, but Alex doesn't have as much time since he started dating Fabrizio. Luckily, Wil can confide in his best friend: his elderly neighbor Sal. Also, Wil's in the school band, where he plays the triangle. They're doing an exchange program with students from Paris, and Wilbur's billet, Charlie, a tall, chic young woman who plays the ukulele and burps with abandon, captures his heart. Charlie likes him, but only as a friend. So Alex, Fabrizio, and Sal host a Queer Eye-style intervention to get Wil in shape and to build his confidence so he can impress Charlie when their band visits Paris, and just maybe replace humiliation with true romance in the City of Love.
CTV Your Morning Kids' Book Segment on Quarantine Reads and Virtual Storytimes
Our Marketing & Publicity Associate Director, Vikki VanSickle, was on CTV's Your Morning today to talk about books to read while in quarantine and virtual events to keep kids occupied. Check out our titles from her recommended list below and don't forget to watch her segment!
Studio: A Place for Art to Start
By Emily Arrow
Illustrated by The Little Friends of Printmaking
ISBN 9780735264854 | Hardcover
40 Pages | Tundra Books
In this charming ode to creativity, noted children's singer and entertainer Emily Arrow introduces readers to the concept of the studio: a place for painters, dancers, singers, actors, sculptors, printmakers . . . and you! Whether it's a purpose-made space with big windows, a room filled with equipment, or the corner of a bedroom, your studio can be anywhere–you just have to find it! Check out At Home with Emily Arrow on YouTube!
Alma and the Beast
By Esme Shapiro
Alma lives happily in her hairy world, where she can braid the trees, comb the grass, pet the roof and feed her plumpooshkie butterfly. Until one day . . . a hairless, button-nosed beast appears in the garden!
If I Had a Gryphon
By Vikki VanSickle
Illustrated by Cale Atkinson
If I Had a Gryphon is a raucous rhyming read-aloud about fantastical beasts in everyday situations–and the increasingly beleaguered heroine who has to deal with them. Keep up with all our virtual story times and events using this handy schedule!
ISBN 9780735266957 | Paperback
192 Pages | Tundra Books
The first installment of a sweet and hilarious chapter book series about a boy and a bat, two unlikely friends who bond over loneliness, jellyrolls and Darth Vader.
240 Pages | Viking Books For Young Readers
Told in a mixture of text and black-and-white illustration, this is the perfect book for any kid who's ever dreamed of starring in his or her own comic book or video game. And then grab the rest of the series, now a New York Times bestseller!
The first season of The Last Kids on Earth is available on Netflix now!
The Blue Castle
By Tanya Lloyd Kyi
At twenty-nine, Valancy has never been in love, and it seems romance has passed her by. Then a letter arrives from Dr. Trent–and Valancy decides to throw caution to the winds. For the first time in her life Valancy does and says exactly what she wants. Soon she discovers a surprising new world, full of love and adventures far beyond her most secret dreams. Listen to Rachel McAdams narrating Anne of Green Gables for free on Audible.ca!
The Story of Owen
By E.K. Johnston
320 Pages | Holiday House
Dragons. In modern day North America. How can sixteen-year-old Owen fight back when he can barely pass algebra? It takes a village to train a dragon slayer, and Owen needs all the help he can get.


won't slow you down. They even travel well over sensitive outdoor surfaces. And because all four tracks are independent, they steer like a wheeled machine — great for sites where you need to maneuver close to walls and foundations. In addition, Trax models can be transported without over-width permits. Trax systems are available on Genie S™-40, S-45, S-60 and S-65 telescopic boom lifts.


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A recently renovated spacious ground floor apartment peacefully positioned on the outskirts of this well served town centre with the added benefit of garaging and off street parking.
This attractive home has the benefit of sealed unit double glazing and gas fired central heating and in brief comprises: Entrance hall, lounge, refitted kitchen, two bedrooms and shower room. Communal gardens, off street parking and single garage.
Micklethwaite View is situated just over the river from the town centre in Wetherby. The property is ideal for various purchasers being within walking distance of the town centre and also close proximity of the A1, linking with the region's motorway network.


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Anastasios Hudson
Orthodox Christian Freelance Writer, Web Developer, and Speaker
Metropolitan Petros, Old Calendarists, True Orthodox
Excerpt from Upcoming Book on Metropolitan Petros
by Anastasios Hudson on July 22nd, 2014
My book, Metropolitan Petros: A Microcosm of the Old Calendar Church in America will be released as an ebook and in print-on-demand format this week, God-willing. I am putting together the final edits and formatting to meet the various publishers' requirements. In the meantime, here is an excerpt of the work, the Preface to the Published Edition. Please stay tuned, and plan to purchase your copy, which will help raise awareness of this monumental figure, and help support my writing career and family!
Preface to the Published Edition
The first time that I visited the Cathedral of Saint Markella was during Lent of 2004, after I dropped someone off at nearby La Guardia airport. On my way back, on a whim, I decided to stop in, after having read about this Church and its people—the Greek Old Calendarist Orthodox Christians—for several years. Tucked away on a sleepy Astoria street sits this modest-sized cathedral, which was founded in 1954 by Metropolitan Petros of blessed memory, who came to America after suffering through the persecutions directed against the Old Calendarists in Greece from 1924 on, after they had refused to go along with the change in the Orthodox festal calendar introduced that year.
I was a seminarian at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in nearby Yonkers, New York, having arrived there in the summer of 2002. I was not Orthodox at the time, but rather an Eastern-Rite Catholic, and part of the reason I had enrolled in the seminary was to learn as much as I could about the Orthodox Church, in order to discern whether to remain Catholic or become Orthodox. It was not long before I decided to become Orthodox, but I noticed differences between the modern presentation of Orthodoxy and what was being described in the ancient texts we were studying. I also grew concerned with how Orthodox participation in the Ecumenical Movement might be negatively impacting the missionary activity of the Orthodox Church.
I was always aware of and appreciated the small but vocal traditionalist element in the Orthodox Church, which I had become familiar with as early on as I had discovered Orthodox Christianity itself, but I doubted whether the issues I was having were serious enough to lead me to join an Old Calendarist Church, or whether I should just join one of the "mainstream" jurisdictions in America and be an advocate for traditionalism "from within," as many were encouraging me to do. This is what I was wrestling with that April evening ten years ago when I decided to pay a visit to St. Markella's.
Stepping into the cathedral, I was struck with a peaceful feeling. The hymn "God is with us" from Great Compline was being chanted by a monk and a nun alternatively while a priest served, and there were a few people in attendance, but not a crowd. Still, the fact that there was a church that was open all day every day where people could just stop in and pray, with services that had been going on daily since 1954, made a strong impact on me. I left at the conclusion of the service, without having spoken to anyone, but feeling convicted of a need to take these people and their claims seriously.
A few months later, I returned to the cathedral to speak first with Bishop Christodoulos and later with Metropolitan Pavlos, the grandnephew of Metropolitan Petros; and after an afternoon spent with them, I felt called to join the Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians, but I took the process slowly. I was still enrolled in the Seminary, and didn't want to cause any unnecessary conflict. There were also personal and family concerns. In August 2006, a year after I graduated, I was baptized at the cathedral by Bishop Christodoulos with the assistance of Fr. Theodore Giannakopoulos.
While in seminary, we were required to write a thesis for our Master's program, and with all the research I had invested in the Old Calendarist Orthodox Christians, I decided to write my thesis on Metropolitan Petros and his work to establish and support the Old Calendar church in America. I enjoyed researching and writing the thesis greatly, and was given access to important documents that many had never had the chance to see. The present work was originally submitted as a thesis to the faculty of St. Vladimir's Seminary on April 20, 2005, and has now been revised for publication.
I would like to thank all those who have supported me over the years and I pray that my publication of this work on the life of Metropolitan Petros will help to further raise awareness of the Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of America.
July 3, 2014 (o.s.)
Martyr Hyacinth of Caesarea in Cappadocia
From → General
4 Comments →
Maria Regina permalink
Excellent preface!
Stephanos Karavas permalink
Great work Anastasios, can't wait to read it
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Photo credit should read JON LEVY/AFP via Getty Images
The car John F. Kennedy was assassinated in still exists at this museum
Who was Malikah Shabazz's mother Betty and how did she die?
Disha Kandpal
On Monday, November 23, Malcolm X's youngest daughter Malikah Shabazz was found dead in Brooklyn, New York. We take a look at her late mother Betty Shabazz.
The death of Malcolm X's child, Malikah shocked many people across the world. Tributes began pouring in for the activist's daughter as the news of her death began spreading online.
The 56-year-old had a twin sister named Malaak Shabazz, both of whom were born months after her their father's assassination.
FIND OUT: Is JoJo Siwa dating Jenna Johnson from DWTS?
Photo by Truman Moore/Getty Images
Who was Betty Shabazz?
Betty whose real name was Betty Dean Sanders was a well-known American educator as well as civil rights advocate. She was married to Malcolm X for seven years between 1958 until his death in 1965.
The educator grew up in Detroit, Michigan, with foster parents and attended Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. It was during her time at the institution where Betty had her first encounters with racism.
She later moved to New York City and began working as a nurse. It was during this time, that she met Malcolm X and the couple tied the knot in 1958.
Following the civil rights activist's death, Betty was left alone with the responsibility of raising six daughters as a widow. She decided to pursue higher education and began working at Medgar Evers College in Brooklyn, New York.
SEE: Tinley Park School staff outraged after being misled into TikTok
Photo credit should read HELAYNE SEIDMAN/AFP via Getty Images
How did Malikah Shabazz's mother die?
In 1995, following the arrest of her second-born daughter Qubilah, Betty began caring for her ten-year-old grandson Malcolm.
In 1997, she passed away at the age of 61, in New York City's Bronx hospital. The educator died three weeks after suffering extensive burns in a fire that was reportedly started by her troubled grandson, who was 12 at the time.
The shocking death of Malcolm X's widow left many heartbroken.
Photo by Ron Galella, Ltd./Ron Galella Collection via Getty Images
A brief look at Malcolm X's family and kids
Malcolm X had six children with his wife Betty, all of them daughters: Qubilah, Attallah, Gamilah Lumumba, Ilyasah, Malaak, and Malikah. All of the orator's daughters have the last name, Shabazz.
The orator's eldest daughter, Attalah, was a schoolgirl in 1965 when the assassination occurred. She is 62, now, and works as a writer, and diplomat.
Qubilah, 60, was also very young when her father was assassinated.
Gamilah was only one in 1965 when Malcolm X died. She has gone to create a clothing line called Malcolm X Legacy, after her father's name. The brand includes sweatshirts, hats, and T-shirts.
Ilyasah, 59, is a professor who promotes higher education for at-risk youth. She was also a member of the US Delegation that accompanied President Bill Clinton to South Africa during former President Nelson Mandela's election.
Malaak, 56, who is Malikah's twin is also a human rights activist.
FBI | FBI Tuesdays Trailer | CBS
In other news, How does Drew Brees' NBC salary compare to his playing days?


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Euro 2012: Cristiano Ronaldo says 'mature' Portugal ready to fight
Last updated on 22 June 201222 June 2012 .From the section Euro 2012
Cristiano Ronaldo says Portugal are 'ready to fight' for a place in the final of Euro 2012.
Ronaldo was once again the match-winner in the 1-0 quarter-final win over Czech Republic, which earned a spot against Spain or France in the last four.
He said: "Our great aim is to get to the final. We have a great squad and now I'd say the chances are 50-50 and we just have to believe.
"We are very mature, so we are ready for the fight."
Alan ShearerBBC Sport for MOTD in Warsaw
"Ronaldo was exceptional. The desire, the hunger to get in the right place. He got on the end of the cross and deservedly got his team into the semi-finals. He was the stand-out player. Czech Republic never looked like winning, they never troubled the goalkeeper and didn't deserve to go through."
Ronaldo followed up his superb performance against Netherlands in the final group game with another dominant showing, hitting the post in each half before breaking the deadlock with a powerful header.
"I think it was a fantastic game for Portugal," the Real Madrid forward said.
"In the first 20 minutes we weren't that good but we improved a lot. It was a perfect game for us, with a lot of opportunities. The Czechs didn't have one opportunity.
"We always had the quality to reach the semi-finals. We are happy but know the next match will be difficult but the team is very mature and we are ready."
Portugal coach Paulo Bento agreed that his side grew into the game against disciplined opposition and deserved their place in the semi-finals.
"We showed a great response in the second half, a great capacity to respond to the Czechs and that is why we really deserved this victory," he said.
"We had prepared ourselves in the best possible way for their strategy. We knew they would try to defend very deeply and would press against us on the counter-attack, because they have very quick players who are good technically.
"All the players have tasks on the pitch, and Ronaldo played to our tactical system.
"He has the capacity to play in the penalty area, but also a little deeper."
The Portuguese will now come up against either defending champions Spain, who knocked them out of the last World Cup,external-link or France, who eliminated them at the semi-final stage of Euro 2000.
Bento - who was banned for five months for dissent after the contentious defeat by France - has no preference which side he takes on in Donetsk on Wednesday 27 June.
"In the semi-finals of a tournament like this, there are always great teams with different characteristics who are well organised with players of great quality," he said.
"It has been a lot of work by us to reach the semi-finals and we will try to recover to reach the pitch in the best condition.
"Our aim will be to win against France or Spain. There cannot be any other goal for us."
Stubborn Palace end Arsenal's winning run
Listen: Australia v India - fourth Test, day one
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Staff photo by Jeremy Behnke Sleepy Eye's Joey Walter delivers one of his three hits in Saturday's Class C state amateur baseball game in New Prague. Walter had two RBIs in the game and Sleepy Eye advanced with a 3-0 win over Fergus Falls.
NEW PRAGUE — Sean Mathiowetz went the distance, picking up his second win in a week as the Stark draftee helped Sleepy Eye advance to the third round of the Class C State Amateur baseball tournament with a 3-0 win over Fergus Falls on Saturday.
Joey Wall was 3 for 4 with two RBIs and Andrew Woitas was 3 for 4 with a run scored. Alan Woitas had Sleepy Eye's other RBI.
Sleepy Eye will play at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday in Shakopee.


ROME (Reuters) - The Roman Catholic Church ordered a Polish archbishop accused of sexual abuse in the Dominican Republic to be defrocked, pending further criminal proceedings, the Vatican said on Friday.
The Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ordered Jozef Wesolowski, a former Vatican nuncio or ambassador to the Caribbean nation, to be stripped of the priesthood, an extremely rare step against such a senior Church official.
He will have two months to appeal the ruling, delivered after a canonical trial - under Church law - in the Vatican, which has been under pressure for more than a decade to clean up the scandal of sexual abuse of children by priests.
A statement from the Holy See said criminal proceedings by Vatican judicial authorities would begin once the sentence was confirmed. If found guilty in a criminal trial, Wesolowski could risk extradition to the Dominican Republic.
Last month, Pope Francis pledged "zero tolerance" for anyone in the Church who abused children and likened sexual abuse to a "satanic mass".
Wesolowski was recalled last August to the Vatican, which said a month later that it would cooperate with Dominican authorities investigating him on suspicion of paedophilia.
The Vatican said his movements had not been restricted while the case was being considered but that following the decision to expel him from the priesthood "all measures appropriate to the seriousness of the case will be adopted".
As an independent city state, the Vatican can detain or limit the movements of those subject to its jurisdiction.
Last month, the United Nations watchdog body against torture called on the Vatican to investigate the Wesolowski case and ascertain whether it warranted criminal prosecution or extradition to face charges in the Dominican Republic.


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Emerging Indian economy after the pandemic
Rajiv Khosla
Submitted by rkhosla on Wed, 2020-07-29 16:42
Prime Minister Narendra Modi while addressing the 'India Ideas Summit' organised by the US-India Business Council (USIBC) emphasised that India is an open economy with no shortage of opportunities and options. He also stated that this is the best time to invest in India. But this optimism contradicts the claims made by leading economists and research organisations.
We have come across such a contradictory state of affairs when the Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal announced that India in the month of June 2020 has turned out to be a 'trade surplus' economy thereby breaking the record of the last 18 years, wherein our export earnings have exceeded import payments. This declaration was immediately lapped up by social media as a success of the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' mission.
Such farcical messages and announcements are beyond explanation keeping in consideration the fact that proposals and feasibility reports of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' projects are awaiting approval of the Parliament. The Indian economy was rendered 'trade surplus' on account of a sharp fall in the level of imports. Outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown led to a sharp decline in the demand for crude oil, gold and other imported goods. The entire economic structure has crippled, demonstrating catastrophic consequences instead of being a subject matter of merriment.
Statistically, where trade exports declined by 12.4% in the month of June, imports declined by 47.6% thereby bringing the momentary trade surplus to the extent of $790 million. Even before the pandemic, we were in a recessionary phase and fundamental economic variables like GDP growth, investment, consumption, and savings were underperforming. Now clogged economic conditions due to the prolonged lockdown (partially or fully) has pushed the economy into dire straits in terms of unemployment, poverty and inequality.
Problem of unemployment
Even before the outbreak of the pandemic, unemployment in India was at an all-time high. Data released by the National Statistical Office highlighted that the unemployment rate (6.1%) was at its highest in 45 years in 2017-18. In the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, the unemployment rate remained unusually high at 7%. Ironically, the GDP growth rate is declining day by day, whereas the unemployment rate is scaling new heights.
In the next six months or so, the unemployment rate is likely to remain high owing to the reverse migration of workers from cities to villages. Persistent lockdown in urban areas will lead to prolonged joblessness and fewer job options in rural areas (vis-a-vis urban areas). Surveys carried out by the leading newspapers state that workers are reluctant to come back to cities, since many state governments are declaring full or partial lockdowns in different phases. This ambiguity in decision making is not letting businesses function at their full potential and they are operative at less than their usual capacity with limited number of workers. Tough job market conditions are coercing workers either to adopt work under MGNREGA and Garib Kalyan Rozgar Yojna or indulge themselves into the sowing of kharif crops on their ancestral land holdings, thereby promoting disguised unemployment.
Increase in poverty
A report released by the International Labor Organisation (ILO) in April 2020 revealed that 90% of the people working in the informal sector in India have been affected by the unplanned and severe lockdown. The same report also mentioned that about 400 million people are in danger of falling into poverty due to the lack of work. Pertinently, the migrant workers who used to work as peddlers, hawkers, jobbers or small shopkeepers in cities and earned Rs 12,000-15,000 a month have now lost their occupation. Nonetheless, these petty sellers used to remit 60-70% of their earnings to their villages which has now stopped. Further, the amount they used to remit to their villages stand equal to the petty amount which they earn today either by working under MGNREGS or by tilling the soil. This decrease in income is transpiring into a sustained decrease in consumption. Much of the consumer spending is now restricted to essential items like flour, rice, pulses and healthcare. Again, the units which were involved in the manufacturing and trading of ostensible goods are constantly incurring losses and are unable to re-employ their original workforce.
History stands testimony that recession in a country is followed by the propping up of monopolies. India is no exception. Even before the pandemic, we were passing through a recessionary phase. Innate monopolies were getting created both in case of trivial products like milk, bread, butter, cheese, or giant tech-companies like taxi services, mobile recharge, online trading, and aviation companies. Indian consumers were brazing with fewer options and mounting monopolies. Many companies in the organised sector are on the verge of closure and hence, mergers and acquisitions are going unbridled. It is eventually culminating into the operation of businesses by few big corporate houses with limited employment opportunities and growing inequality in all areas.
In anticipation of the emerging catastrophe, the Indian government needs to redesign its policies in favour of the common man and shun the use of hollow sloganeering. Only pro-people policies can help the government tackle the monstrous problems of unemployment, poverty and inequality. Even a capitalist country like the US is taking concrete steps like pay-check protection programmes to curb unemployment by offering restaurants, hospitals and retailers a monetary help of up to $10 million at the rate of interest equal to 1% and with the option of deferred payments for six months.
The writer is Associate Professor in the Institute of Management, DAV College, Chandigarh.


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Political Science and Government
Independent Counsel
views updated May 17 2018
An attorney appointed by the federal government to investigate and prosecute federal government officials.
Before 1988, independent counsel were referred to as special prosecutors. In 1988, Congress amended the ethics in government act of 1978 (Ethics Act) (92 Stat. 1824 [2 U.S.C.A. §§ 701 et seq.]) to change the title to independent counsel. This change was made because lawmakers considered the term special prosecutor to be too inflammatory.
Independent counsel are attorneys who investigate and prosecute criminal activity in government. They hold people who make and implement laws accountable for their own criminal activity.
The need for independent counsel arises from the conflict of interest posed by having the established criminal justice system investigate government misconduct. Prosecutors and law enforcement agencies work under the authority of government leders. When government leaders are accused of wrongdoing, these entities face conflicting duties: the duty to uphold the laws on the one hand, versus the duty of loyalty to superiors on the other. Independent counsels do not answer to the government officials they are assigned to investigate, and therefore they avoid much of this conflict of interest. One potential element for bias remains: the political affiliations of the accused government official and the independent counsel. The people rely on independent counsel's duty as a member of the bar to uphold the laws and the U.S. Constitution, to overcome any similarities or differences in political beliefs. Independent counsel who appear to be motivated by political or other bias may be dismissed.
President ulysses s. grant was the first to appoint independent counsel to investigate high-level federal government officials. In 1875 Grant's personal secretary, Orville E. Babcock, was indicted in federal district court on charges of accepting bribes. Babcock had allegedly arranged favorable tax treatment for a group of moonshiners who were known as the Whiskey Ring. Grant removed the federal district attorney and replaced him with an independent counsel, who finished the investigation and the trial.
In the early 1920s, another bribery scandal, known as teapot dome, led to the appointment of an independent counsel. President warren g. harding appointed independent counsel to investigate the sale of oil-rich federal lands. The independent counsel's investigation led to the prosecution of Harding's secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall.
In its later days, President harry s. truman's administration labored under allegations of corruption. Specifically, officials in the internal revenue service and the Tax Division of the justice department were accused of giving favorable treatment to tax evaders. Attorney General j. howard mcgrath appointed a special assistant attorney to investigate. When the special prosecutor sought to investigate McGrath, McGrath fired him. Truman then fired McGrath and refused to pursue the matter.
The watergate scandals of the 1970s gave Congress the incentive to create the first statutory framework for investigating government officials. In 1973, newspaper reports concerning a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., implicated officials in the administration of President richard m. nixon. Attorney General elliot l. richardson appointed archibald cox, a Harvard law professor, as independent counsel to investigate the situation.
Cox endeavored to uncover the facts surrounding Watergate. As it became apparent that White House officials were involved in the episode, Cox was forced to investigate the president himself. When Cox asked Nixon for White House tape recordings, Nixon sought to have Cox fired. One weekend in October 1973, in a turn of events later known as the Saturday Night Massacre, Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William D. Ruckelshaus resigned rather than carry out Nixon's order to fire Cox. That same night, Solicitor General robert h. bork, who had just become acting head of the Department of Justice, carried out Nixon's request and fired Cox.
Nixon then appointed leon jaworski to be the second independent counsel to investigate Watergate. Like Cox, Jaworski sought Nixon's White House tapes. After a court battle that reached the U.S. Supreme Court in united states v. nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 94 S. Ct. 3090, 41 L. Ed. 2d 1039 (1974), Jaworski successfully subpoenaed the tapes. Nixon resigned the office of president shortly thereafter.
After the Saturday Night Massacre and the Watergate matter, it became obvious that independent counsel were necessary to check government misconduct. In 1978, Congress passed the Ethics Act to establish on the federal level a statutory scheme for policing the executive branch.
Ethics in Government Act
Under the Ethics Act, the process of appointing independent counsel began when the attorney general received information on criminal activity. The attorney general could investigate all violations of criminal law other than minor misdemeanors and minor violations. This permission included special ethics laws that applied to Executive Branch officials, such as laws that make it illegal for an Executive Branch official to receive money from a person if the official has arranged for that person to be employed by the federal government.
There had to be sufficient credible information of criminal activity to constitute grounds for an investigation, and the information had to pertain to the president, the vice president, a member of the president's cabinet, a high-level executive officer, a high-level Justice Department official, the director or deputy director of the central intelligence agency, the commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service, any person with a personal or financial relationship with the attorney general or any other officer in the Department of Justice, or the president's campaign chair or treasurer.
Once the attorney general received credible inculpatory information, the attorney general had to decide within 30 days whether to investigate the matter. If the attorney general determined that the matter warranted an investigation, he had to begin an investigation. The attorney general could not conduct this initial investigation for more than 150 days. At the close of the investigation, the attorney general submitted a report to the Independent Counsel Division of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The members of this three-judge panel were appointed by the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
In the report, the attorney general requested or declined the appointment of independent counsel on the matter. A court could not review this decision. If the attorney general requested independent counsel, the panel appointed one and defined the scope of the investigation. Generally, the panel limited the counsel's investigation to certain persons or certain issues.
The appointment of independent counsel was unusual because the Department of Justice already is required to police the Executive Branch. In theory, the attorney general is an independent official. In practice, however, he usually is a political ally of the president. Like other Executive Branch officials, the attorney general is appointed by the president and reports to the president. Because the attorney general decided whether independent counsel should be appointed by the panel, an investigation could be influenced by the Executive Branch. An attorney general might have been reluctant to recommend the prosecution of a political ally. However, if enough sources exerted sufficient pressure, the attorney general could be forced to avoid the appearance of favoritism by requesting the appointment of independent counsel.
The appointment of independent counsel was often politically charged, in large part because independent counsel investigated Executive Branch officials and their political opera-tives. When politicians are investigated, an invariable response is that the investigation is politically motivated. Nevertheless, most politicians considered independent counsel to be crucial to conveying at least the appearance of propriety in the Executive Branch of government. The danger of independent counsel is that they may be called for on a regular basis by politicians who are opposed to the president, for the sole purpose of demoralizing the Executive Branch and gaining an electoral advantage.
Once appointed, independent counsel could proceed as any other prosecutor. Counsel filed criminal charges in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia and had the power to subpoena witnesses, and to grant immunity to witnesses.
Under the Ethics Act, only the attorney general could fire independent counsel. Independent counsel could be dismissed only for good cause or because a physical or mental condition prevents counsel from performing the position's duties. Dismissed independent counsel had the right to appeal to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.
The first government officials investigated under the new Ethics Act were two officials in the administration of President jimmy carter. After investigating allegations of drug use and conflict of interest, the independent counsel declined to file criminal charges.
In May 1986 an official in the administration of President ronald reagan mounted a challenge to the Ethics Act. Theodore B. Olson, a former assistant attorney general in the administration (and now solicitor general), argued that the Executive Branch had the power to conduct all criminal investigations, and that it was unconstitutional for Congress to give the judiciary the power to appoint independent prosecutors. The U.S. Supreme Court disagreed, ruling that the Ethics Act was constitutional because the attorney general, an officer within the Executive Branch, had the power to remove independent counsel and therefore retained ultimate control (Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654, 108 S. Ct. 2597, 101 L. Ed. 2d 569 [1988]).
The list of federal government officials investigated or prosecuted by independent counsel under the Ethics Act is long and ever growing. In December 1987, Michael Deaver, former aide to President Reagan, was convicted of perjury after prosecution by independent counsel. In February 1988, Lyn Nofziger, another presidential aide, was convicted of ethical violations. Nofziger's conviction was later overturned on appeal. President Reagan's attorney general edwin meese iii resigned in July 1988 after an investigation by independent counsel James McKay. Although Meese was not prosecuted, McKay stated in his report to the panel that he believed that Meese had broken the law by helping a company in which Meese owned stock, Wedtech Corporation, to solicit contracts with the U.S. military.
In December 1986, before he resigned, Meese appointed Lawrence E. Walsh as independent counsel to investigate and prosecute wrongdoing in the burgeoning iran-contra scandal, which involved trading arms to Iranians and diverting the proceeds to fund a covert war in Nicaragua. Walsh was able to obtain several convictions of high-level Reagan administration officials, but some of those were overturned on appeal.
The administration of President bill clinton was heavily investigated by independent counsel. In 1994, Donald C. Smaltz was appointed as independent counsel to investigate Clinton's secretary of agriculture Mike Espy. The independent counsel was directed to investigate whether Espy had accepted gifts from organizations and individuals with business pending before the agriculture department and whether Espy had committed any crimes connected to, or arising out of, the investigation, such as obstruction of justice and false testimony or statements.
In October 1994, just a few months after Smaltz began work, Espy resigned his office. Nevertheless, the investigation of Espy and several associates continued. Over the next four years, Smaltz spent more than $17 million to bring 30 counts of corruption against Espy. At Espy's 1998 trial, Smaltz produced 70 prosecution witnesses, yet a jury took just nine hours to acquit Espy on all 30 counts.
In January 1994, Robert Fiske Jr. was appointed as independent counsel to investigate the death of White House counsel Vincent Foster and alleged financial misconduct by Clinton and the first lady, hillary rodham clinton. Because the Ethics Act had lapsed, Attorney General janet reno herself chose Fiske. When Congress reauthorized the Ethics Act, Reno submitted the matter to the panel, which appointed a new independent counsel, kenneth w. starr.
Starr, a former U.S. solicitor general and U.S. district court judge, worked on the Clinton investigation until 1999. He obtained convictions against a number of Clinton associates, but it was not until 1998 that he ensnared President Clinton. Allegations of a sexual affair with a White House intern shifted Starr's work. In January 1998, Clinton was deposed for the sexual harassment lawsuit filed by Paula Jones. At the deposition, Clinton denied that there had been a sexual relationship with intern Monica Lewinsky. In August 1998, he changed his story when
called before Starr's grand jury, but he still would not give details. In the fall, Starr sent his report to the House of Representatives and testified before a House panel. Starr accused the president of having had a sexual affair with the intern. The report, which contained graphic sexual descriptions from Lewinsky, claimed that Clinton had committed perjury and obstruction of justice, and that he had abused his presidential power in an effort to keep the affair from coming to light. This report led to the House passing articles of impeachment in December 1998. Clinton was acquitted of the charges by the Senate in February 1999.
By the end of Starr's investigation, very few people in Congress or the White House had positive feelings about the Ethics in Government Act. The 1980s and 1990s had seen independent counsel spend years and millions of dollars on seemingly open-ended investigations of official misconduct, usually with little to show for it. Even Starr agreed that the law should expire, testifying to that effect before Congress in April 1999. With no congressional support for its continuation, the act was allowed to expire on June 30, 1999. Although bills have been introduced seeking to curtail the powers of future independent counsel while requiring greater accountability, Congress has not acted.
Congress and Independent Counsel
When Congress is in session, independent counsel do not investigate or prosecute the criminal activities of members of Congress. Instead, Congress polices its members through ethics committees and can expel a member with a two-thirds vote of the member's house (U.S. Const. art. I, § 5, cl. 2). Members of Congress cannot be arrested while Congress is in session, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace (§ 6, cl. 1). When Congress is not in session, members of Congress are not exempt, and they may be prosecuted in the jurisdiction where an alleged offense occurred.
Congress may also investigate official wrongdoing in the Executive Branch. When Congress and independent counsel are investigating the same persons or events, the matter can become a political tug-of-war, and one investigation can run afoul of the other. For example, if Congress grants immunity to a witness who is under investigation by independent counsel, it becomes difficult for independent counsel to prosecute the witness.
State or Local Independent Counsel
Independent counsel also may be appointed at the state or local level. In Alaska, for example, executive branch officials may be investigated by independent counsel who is appointed by a special personnel board (Alaska Stat. § 39.52.310 [1995]).
In its broadest sense, the term independent counsel can describe any attorney who is appointed by one party to represent, prosecute, or bring suit against someone who is connected with that party. For example, in Alaska, a municipal school board is represented by a municipal attorney. If the municipal attorney has a conflict of interest in a particular matter, the school board may appoint independent counsel for that particular matter (§ 29.20.370). Thus, if the municipal attorney owns stock in a construction company that is hired by the school board, the school board might seek a different attorney to handle legal issues associated with that company, in order to avoid the appearance of collusion between government and private business. The new attorney would be called an independent counsel, to describe his or her independence in the matter.
Danner, Allison Marston. 2003. "Navigating Law and Politics: The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court and the Independent Counsel." Stanford Law Review 55.
Kutler, Stanley I. 1994. "In the Shadow of Watergate: Legal, Political, and Cultural Implications." Nova Law Review 18.
O'Sullivan, Julie. 1996."The Independent Counsel Statute: Bad Law, Bad Policy." American Criminal Law Review 33.
Roof, Judith. 2002. "Investigating the Special: The Symbolic Function of the Independent Counsel." Indiana Law Journal 77.
Sels, John van Loben. 1995."From Watergate to Whitewater: Congressional Use Immunity and Its Impact on the Independent Counsel." Georgetown Law Journal 83.
Solloway, Robert G. 1988. "The Institutionalized Wolf: An Analysis of the Unconstitutionality of the Independent Counsel Provisions of the Ethics In Government Act of 1978." Indiana Law Review 21.
"Workshop: Preliminary Information on Ethics Investigations." 1995. Journal of Law and Politics 11.
Congress of the United States.
West's Encyclopedia of American Law
"Independent Counsel ." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Jan. 2022 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Independent Counsel ." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 24, 2022). https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/independent-counsel
"Independent Counsel ." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. . Retrieved January 24, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/independent-counsel
In 1978, Congress established a permanent framework for dealing with allegations that a senior official of the federal government had committed federal crimes. The fundamental element of the new process is the selection of a special officer with the sole responsibility of investigating the allegations. The special selection of a person from outside the government frees the person from the institutional and personal restraints that might affect the judgment and objectivity of a regular Justice Department prosecutor called upon to investigate his governmental superiors or colleagues.
As originally enacted as part of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, this officer was called a special prosecutor. Congress later changed the officer's title to "independent counsel" in order to diffuse criticism that appointment of an official called a "special prosecutor" prejudged the outcome of the investigation. The original title seemed to suggest that the offense being investigated was special and that prosecution was probable or necessary. The title "independent counsel" signifies that the official's responsibility is to be more neutral and dispassionate.
Before Congress acted in 1978 to provide a permanent mechanism for appointing an independent counsel, the decision whether to take any unusual steps to respond to reports of high-level corruption was left to an unpredictable combination of public notoriety and political integrity. For example, in order to deal with reports of massive corruption in the warren harding administration concerning the sale of the Teapot Dome petroleum reserves, Congress enacted a special statute authorizing the President, with Senate confirmation, to appoint "special counsel" to investigate and prosecute criminal violations relating to the leases on oil lands in former naval reserves. The incumbent attorney general, Harry Daugherty, lacked public trust, since he himself faced separate criminal allegations. President calvin coolidge appointed a former Ohio senator and a private lawyer from Pennsylvania (later a Supreme Court Justice) to serve as special counsel. Among those prosecuted was the former secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall, who was convicted of bribery and sentenced to prison.
During the administration of harry s. truman, public pressure forced Attorney General J. Howard McGrath to appoint a highly respected former New York City official to serve as his "special assistant" to investigate widespread corruption in federal tax cases. The special assistant, however, had no statutory mandate. When he tried to press his investigation by seeking information from high-level Justice Department officials, including the attorney general himself, Attorney General McGrath fired him. President Truman immediately fired the attorney general, but did not see to the appointment of any replacement special prosecutor. Not until a new administration took over did the allegations yield prosecutions and convictions, including the convictions of the former assistant attorney general in charge of the Tax Division and of President Truman's own appointments secretary.
Then came watergate. Shortly after the beginning of President richard m. nixon's second term, allegations surfaced that his senior aides in his reelection committee, the White House, and the Justice Department had been personally involved in planning a burglary at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 presidential campaign or had helped to cover up the guilt of the conspirators. Public skepticism about a Justice Department investigation led the new attorney general, Elliot Richardson, to appoint a Harvard Law School professor, Archibald Cox, as the "Watergate special prosecutor." When Cox insisted on subpoenaing tape recordings that President Nixon had made in his White House office and refused to yield voluntarily, the President fired him.
The public firestorm that followed Cox's firing and Richardson's resignation forced the President to agree to the appointment of a new special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, whose authority was derived from newly issued Justice Department regulations that the President pledged to respect. Those regulations guaranteed that the special prosecutor would not be removed except for "gross impropriety" or other special cause. In united states v. nixon (1974), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional authority of the Special Prosecutor to press another subpoena directed to the President, despite the President's objection that it invaded his constitutional right to invoke executive privilege. The Court concluded that the Justice Department regulations to which the President had agreed and which remained in effect provided the special prosecutor with autonomy to pursue the investigation, regardless of the President's wishes.
During the jimmy carter administration, Attorney General Griffin Bell appointed an official outside the Justice Department to serve as his "special counsel" to investigate allegations concerning the financial interests of the President and his brother.
The 1978 legislation goes well beyond any of the prior approaches. It requires the attorney general to apply to a special court to appoint a special prosecutor (or independent counsel) whenever preliminary inquiry into allegations against the President or other senior government officials specified in the statute leads the attorney general to conclude that there are "reasonable grounds" for further investigation. The court then must appoint an independent counsel from outside the government. That counsel becomes vested with all of the investigative and prosecutorial authority that the attorney general and his subordinates would otherwise have. In exercising his judgment, the independent counsel is not subject to supervision or direction by the attorney general or even the President. The statute protects the independent counsel's autonomy by specifying that he may be removed only by the attorney general personally and only for "good cause." The statute also makes the removal decision subject to judicial review.
In the first ten years of experience under the statute, there were more than thirty instances in which the statute came into play and at least eight special prosecutors or independent counsels were formally appointed. In Morrison v. Olson (1988) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the independent-counsel provisions. Their constitutionality had been challenged by the target of an investigation, a former assistant attorney general. The Justice Department itself joined in urging the Court to strike down the statute as an invasion of the President's constitutional prerogatives. The constitutional attack rested on two basic arguments: first, that the provisions for court appointment and protected tenure violated the President's right to appoint and remove all senior "officers" of the government and, second, that the independent counsel's autonomy invaded the prerogatives assigned to the President under the separation of powers, particularly the responsiblity for enforcing federal law.
The Court ruled, however, that an independent counsel is only an "inferior officer" within the meaning of the appointments clause of Article II of the Constitution, so that Congress may vest the appointment power in a court. The Court reasoned that the narrowness of the investigative charter and other statutory constraints put an independent counsel into the "inferior officer" status.
The Court also rejected the more fundamental objection that the independent-counsel mechanism violates the Constitution's separation of powers. The Court agreed that investigation and prosecution of federal crimes is essentially an executive-branch function, but concluded that the attorney general's role in the initial decision to apply for appointment of an independent counsel and his power to remove the counsel "for good cause" provide adequate executive-branch control over the assertion of these powers. The Court also concluded that Congress' solution to a difficult problem of assuring public confidence in the integrity of the criminal process satisfies the constitutional separation of powers because neither the legislature nor the judiciary had "aggrandized" its powers at the expense of the executive branch.
Although the Court's decision settles the constitutional question, doubts about the wisdom of the statute remain. An independent counsel lacks either an electoral base or public accountability. The appointment to investigate a particular set of allegations, with virtually no limit on the resources that can be devoted to the investigation, may tend to distort, rather than protect, the fair and objective judgment that the statutory mechanism is supposed to promote. This special charter may also lead to relentlessly intensive and sweeping investigations that subject government officials to substantially more onerous treatment than an "ordinary" criminal suspect would receive at the hands of a full-time, professional prosecutor.
Philip A. Lacovara
Baker, Howard H. 1975 The Proposed Judicially Appointed Independent Office of Public Attorney: Some Constitutional Objections and an Alternative. Southwestern Law Journal 29: 671–683.
Cummings, Homer S. and Mcfarland, Carl 1937 Federal Justice: Chapters in the History of Justice and the Federal Executive. New York: Macmillan.
Huston, Luther A. 1967 The Department of Justice. New York: Praeger.
——1968 Roles of the Attorney General of the United States. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.
Jacoby, Joan E. 1980 The American Prosecutor: A Search for Identity. Indianapolis: Lexington Books.
Tiefer, Charles 1983 The Constitutionality of Independent Officers as Checks on Abuses of Executive Power. Boston University Law Review 63:59–103.
Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
"Independent Counsel ." Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Jan. 2022 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Independent Counsel ." Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 24, 2022). https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/independent-counsel
"Independent Counsel ." Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. . Retrieved January 24, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/independent-counsel
Kenneth Winston Starr , Starr, Kenneth Winston STARR, KENNETH WINSTON Kenneth Starr has served as a judge on the court of appeals, as U.S. solicitor general, and came to nat… Iran-contra Affair , Iran-Contra Affair The Iran-Contra Affair involved a secret foreign policy operation directed by White House officials in the national security counc… Independents , in·de·pend·ent / ˌindəˈpendənt/ • adj. 1. free from outside control; not depending on another's authority: the study is totally independent of centra… Edwin Meese 3d , Edwin Meese III served as U.S. attorney general from 1985 to 1988. A close and trusted advisor to President ronald reagan, Meese sought to advance th… Independence , Independence was a central keyword of politics in the eighteenth century. For individuals as well as the United States in 1776, independence—the abil… Attorney General , Attorney General ATTORNEY GENERAL The chief law enforcement officer of the United States or of a state government, typically serving in anexecutive b…
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Happy Friday! Today I want to share with you a sweet baby quilt that I made as a gift for my BFF's new grandbaby. Our kids grew up together, and so her kids I treat as my own and vice versa. It really is great to have such a special friend, and so OUR new grandbaby needed something special.
Just like the red fox quilt, this quilt also centered around a yard of fabric that I found and just had to have. This fabric is by Deena Designs for Free Spirit. Aren't these cute little love birds just adorable?
And then I just couldn't bear to cut the fabric up. I did manage to cut a 3-1/2 strip off of it for use on the front, to pull the front and the back of the quilt together, but the rest became a large block on the back of the quilt.
I raided my stash for coordinating pink, green, and blue tone on tone fabrics. I love this combination of pink and green and have used it before for other quilts. First for a Mexican Rose quilt (pictured below). This was the first quilt pattern I designed and it is still for sale on Etsy. And then for a quilt that I made for my cousin's baby (couldn't find a picture of that quilt).
For this new baby quilt however, I needed to mix in some blues and brighter pink in with the green to match the love birds fabric. Alternating 9″ blocks created a simple, modern baby quilt. I just love how it turned out!
The quilt finishes at 45″ square. I quilted a simple curved design along all 4 edges of each square using a half-circle of cardboard as a template.
And even though the quilt itself was finished when she was only a week old, I didn't ship it off because I wanted to add a quilt label to it. I have been trying to be more consistent with adding quilt labels to all quilts that I make. But it is certainly a last minute thought, and not something I have already designed. I am ashamed to say that I finally had the label made, attached to the quilt, and the quilt delivered when she turned 6 months old. I need to automate this part of quilt making somehow. 5-1/2 months to make and attach a quilt label is quite ridiculous. I did have a lot of other things going on though, so I'll give myself a break.
Linking up with Finish it Friday at Crazy Mom Quilts, Needle and Thread Thursday at My Quilt Infatuation, Link a Finish Friday at Richard and Tanya, and Can I Get a Whoop Whoop at Confessions of a Fabric Addict.


text:
Q: What is the negation of the statement $S\cup T$ is a subring? I am trying to prove the statement $S\cup T$ is a subring implies $S\subseteq T$ or $T\subseteq S$. What is the contrapositive of this statement?
Thanks

A: "If $S\not\subseteq T$ and $T\not\subseteq S$, then $S\cup T$ is not a subring" is the contra positive. Remember, the negation of an or statement is an and statement of negations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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