Legislators and opinion-formers need to start thinking about how autonomous machines like driverless trucks, surgical robots and smart homes that keep an eye on their occupants could affect society, according to the Royal Academy of Engineering.
In a new report, the Academy points out that the technology to develop such systems is either already available or closer to reality than many people think — and the legal system needs to catch up fast.
The report's authors looked at two particular types of system — autonomous transport, which they believe is maybe ten years off and most likely to first be used on heavy lorries; and smart homes, particularly in reference to the elderly, who could benefit from health monitoring systems and even devices to provide 'companionship', such as robotic pets.
Autonomous trucks are a good example; as Lambert Dopping-Hepenstal, a member of the Academy's engineering ethics working group and BAE Systems' Military Air Solutions' science and technology director pointed out, autonomous vehicles already operate in mines and warehouses. Such trucks would use lasers and radar to monitor their surroundings and neighbouring cars, and would have the Highway Code programmed into them.
One problem, explained Chris Elliott, a consultant engineer and barrister who also contributed to the report, is that the legal framework isn't set up to deal with this sort of situation.
The legal and ethical systems have to catch up, he added, and the engineers developing these systems need guidance on how their machines might be licensed and approved.
Elliott is particularly concerned about a possible 'yuck factor' that might hinder public acceptance of autonomous systems. Heavy trucks and robot surgeons inherently carry some risk, and the prospect of one of these systems making a mistake and killing someone has to be discussed before they are developed.
Smart homes also present an ethical problem: systems which monitor an elderly person, watching for activity when they normally wake up; checking whether they take regular medication; and even monitoring vital signs, would doubtlessly reduce the risk of their condition deteriorating, said Dopping-Hepenstal.
The question about smart homes goes further than the comment in the article. We are developing smart home systems for people with dementia that use a voice prompt to remind people what to do, or to prompt them that an activity might be inappropriate, based upon received sensor data. We've worked to a very strictly defined ethical and consensual framework, but how are products like these to be implemented? The potential for abuse is great – keeping granny quiet and out of trouble, but we have shown that the benefits can be great too – examples include less wandering, reduced incontinence and improved sleep. We want many people to be able to benefit from this technology, but should it be clinically supervised, or can we trust families and carers to use it responsibly for the duration of its installation in a person's home?
We need to think about questions like these in our context – autonomous systems working with vulnerable people, but also in contexts such as automatic car guidance. Link the car guidance agent to my satnav and the car can be programmed to take me anywhere, perhaps even if I don't want to go there.
These issues should not mean that we don't develop this technology, but rather that we work out how we are going to integrate autonomous technologies into the lives we need while still maintaining and protecting /our/ autonomy and our dignity.


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Winds are blowing in sustainability-linked bond sails
Home Publikationen Winds are blowing in sustainability-linked bond sails
Sustainability-linked bonds, or SLBs, are debt instruments structured with the issuer's achievement of sustainability-related targets built in. Unlike so-called "green bonds" or straight "sustainability bonds," the use of proceeds from an SLB are not typically required to be applied to any particular environmentally-conscious purpose; however, the issuer will covenant to achieve stated sustainability performance targets. Shipping companies can utilize SLBs to creatively engage in balance sheet management, or finance capital expenditures, while at the same time demonstrating their commitment to de-carbonization and ESG principles.
Autoren: Robert Lustrin
IMO targets for emissions reductions
All eyes in the shipping industry are fixed on de-carbonization and environmental, social and governance (ESG) concerns. Mileposts have been set by the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), requiring reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from shipping worldwide from 2008 levels by at least 40 percent by 2030, and at least 70 percent by 2050.1 In addition, to measure the energy efficiency and carbon footprint of ships, shipowners will need to calculate (among other measures) efficiency and carbon emission indexes, enabling the IMO, other government regulators and industry participants to rate ships as part of an overall carbon emissions compliance program.
With the COP26 climate conference currently underway among nations that signed the UN convention on climate change, many nations are setting targets for net zero carbon emissions, led by the United States and the European Union, which have indicated their intention to achieve this goal by 2050.2 The MEPC will be meeting at the end of this month (November 2021), which may result in further refinements to the IMO's own 2050 target or the implementation of interim targets. It has also been reported that the Poseidon Principles initiative may amend its own zero emissions target date to 2050 in light of the results of COP26 and forthcoming pronouncements of the MEPC.3
What are sustainability-linked bonds, or SLBs?
SLBs are debt instruments structured with the issuer's achievement of sustainability-related targets built in. Unlike so-called "green bonds" or straight "sustainability bonds," proceeds from an SLB are not typically required to be applied to any particular environmentally-conscious purpose; however, the issuer will covenant to achieve stated sustainability performance targets, or SPTs. The failure by the issuer to achieve an SPT may result in interest premiums or penalties or changes in amortization. Typically, the targets will be measured by objective and verifiable criteria, called key performance indicators, or KPIs.
What is the framework for an SLB issue?
The key elements of any SLB is to properly establish the SPTs and define the KPIs in a way that can be objectively measured. The covenants would set forth the method of calculation, the issuer's related reporting and disclosure requirements, the standards upon which the reviewer would make a determination of compliance and an alternative compliance mechanism to be used as a fallback, if desired. Also, the covenants would necessarily need to address events that could potentially affect the calculation, such as extraordinary transactions or corporate events.
Industry associations, such as the International Capital Market Association (ICMA), have delineated SLB principles, or SLBPs, which provide guidance as to the process for an SLB issue.4 Relatedly, the Asia Pacific Loan Market Association (APLMA), the Loan Market Association (LMA) and the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (LSTA) have published combined guidance on sustainability-linked loan principles, or SLLPs.5 The common thread between SLBPs and SLLPs is the selection of KPIs and SPTs, and the determination of covenants, and reporting and verification mechanisms.
SLBs and shipping
SLBs can be designed to work well within the ESG and sustainability-linked framework of shipping companies, and seem well-suited for programs that relate to IMO de-carbonization expectations. For example, in January 2021, Odfjell SE closed what has been reported as the shipping industry's first SLB offering.6 The Odfjell SLB is unsecured, with proceeds to be used for the refinancing of an existing bond issue and for general corporate purposes. Compliance is linked to its average CO2 emission reduction targets for its controlled tanker fleet.
Also in January 2021, container shipping stalwart Seaspan Corporation closed its first SLB, raising $200 million with a three-year term, followed in April 2021 with a $300 million five-year issue.7 Both of these SLBs are unsecured, with an announced use of proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment of debt. In Seaspan's case, the SPTs and KPIs are linked to expenditures on ships that can be powered by alternative fuels. While these bonds were offered in the Norway bond market, the same principles can be applied in other bond markets, such as in the U.S. debt capital markets with their deep ESG-driven investor base.
Certain legal considerations
As with any securities offering, applicable securities laws and regulations will apply to the SLB offering process. For example, the issuer, the underwriters and other persons will be subject to the disclosure requirements and anti-fraud provisions as may be applicable to the offering. Also, the jurisdiction of incorporation of the issuer, as well as the choice of law of the indenture governing the SLBs, can have important effects on the rights and obligations of the issuer, as well as the investors as creditors of the issuer, under applicable laws. Finally, an issuer of, and an investor in, an SLB offering should be aware of the tax benefits and burdens of entering into the transaction.
With SLBs, a shipping company can creatively engage in balance sheet management, or finance capital expenditures, while at the same time demonstrating its commitment to de-carbonization and ESG principles.
IMO, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships
VOX, COP26 Climate Change Net Zero Emissions Carbon Offsets
Trade Winds News, Poseidon Principles won't Wait for imo to Add Zero Carbon Goal to Ship Finance
ICMA Group, Sustainability Linked Bond Principles
lSTA, Sustainability Linked Loan Principles
Odfjell, Odfjell Successfully Places Shippings First Sustainability Linked Bond. AND Trade Winds News, Future Finance Odfjell is First Shipowner to Sell Sustainability Linked Bond in 100m Deal
PR News Wire, Seaspan Announces Pricing of US 200 million Senior Unsecured Sustainability Linked Bond Issue AND PR News Wire, Seaspan Announces Pricing of US 300 million Senior Unsecured Sustainability Linked Bond Issue
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A technique of a business may be diminished to considered one of three generic methods. By the time the article is accepted to the journal, the draft is usually effectively written by the authors, requiring little or no modifying by the writer. Swiss pharmaceutical titan Novartis AG on Tuesday announced an overhaul of its operations that involved a number of multibillion-dollar offers with GlaxoSmithKline supposed to allow Novartis to deal with its oncology enterprise and enhance profitability, the companies stated. I am now writing e-books, articles and blogs for clients worldwide, and have never been happier.
The FAQ level above this one mentioned that you're by no means allowed to create a 2nd Facebook account, even when it is for business. But quitting a job to begin a business in a time when there's little market for the product or service, can be a main mistake. Consult an lawyer, accountant, or other enterprise advisor earlier than you put any money down or signal any papers. Sites like , StumbleUpon, Digg, and Reddit are standard for sharing your favourite sites or favorite information articles and spreading the nice phrase on websites which might be price a look.
There are plenty of printing companies on the web that make designing and printing your personal business cards not solely simple but inexpensive. Let's say that you write eighty three articles per thirty days (roughly 2-3 per day) – that's a total of $249,000 per year. Your business ideas and tales might even get shared on the 1,000 ways to start out a business with $1,000 or much less weblog with hyperlinks to your website. Mitt Romney and Hector Barreto on stage at The Latino Coalition's Annual Economic Summit during Small Business Week 2012.
The beauty of article marketing is there is simply no restrict to where your articles will find yourself. Deciding on where the business will be operated in your home – then set a deadline, as an illustration, by 1 month. Start your own online home-based business at present with an Income Generating Website arrange free within 24 hours. This article has explored in more detail the price leadership technique position. Great lens, We are a business and generate most of our visitors from sicial websites, as that is what we specialize in!
Some business homeowners congratulate themselves on making the leap from offline to on-line buying and selling believing that in itself is enough. By incomes a Business Management diploma with a Human Resources specialization, you'll probably be nicely in your technique to benefiting from a job that gives you the power to maintain an entire workplace operating smoothly. These ideas will prove to be very helpful for any one that is keen to start a enterprise in a small amount. Again, Valeant appeared to be one of many few firms within the enterprise that considered R&D like another capital investment and scaled it again, as the payoff decreased.


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module Resque
  module Plugins
    class MultiStepTask
      module AtomicCounters
        def counter(name)
          class_eval <<-INCR
            def increment_#{name}
                redis.incr('#{name}')
            end
            INCR

          class_eval <<-GETTER
            def #{name}
                redis.get('#{name}').to_i
            end
            GETTER
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Beautiful paint job on the grills!!! I highly recommend Bimmian to anyone looking to upgrade their grills. Another note, their customer service is fantastic!!!! Extremely professional and the response turnaround time is phenomenal! Thank you for a GREAT purchase experience! Highly satisfied customer!!! J.S.


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Program to find out the vertical area between two points where no point lies and is the widest in Python
Suppose, we are given n number of points as (x, y). A vertical area is an area that is extended infinitely along the y-axis. We have to find out the vertical area between two points such that no other point is inside the area and is the widest.
So, if the input is like pts = [[10,9],[11,11],[9,6],[11,9]], then the output will be 1.
The areas in red and blue are optimal and there are no points inside them.
sort the list pts
for i in range 1 to size of pts, do
return the maximum value of (pts[i, 0] - pts[i - 1, 0])
Let us see the following implementation to get better understanding
def solve(pts):
pts.sort()
return max(pts[i][0] - pts[i - 1][0] for i in range(1, len(pts)))
print(solve([[10,9],[11,11],[9,6],[11,9]]))
[[10,9],[11,11],[9,6],[11,9]]
Published on 06-Oct-2021 07:37:22
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Shading an area between two points in a Matplotlib plot


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Berkeley's News · Thursday, July 18, 2019
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Lupoi's absence haunts Bears' defense
When defensive line coach Tosh Lupoi left Cal to take the same position at Washington, he didn't just leave his former team devoid of a head recruiter. Heading into the 2012 season, Cal's defensive line was unanimously considered to be the clear strength of the team. With a core of
Cal hires Todd Howard to coach defensive line
Former Washington State assistant coach Todd Howard has been named Cal's new defensive line coach, head coach Jeff Tedford announced on Saturday. Howard spent five seasons as UCLA's defensive line coach before holding the same position with the Cougars in 2011. "This is an outstanding opportunity for me to work
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Facebook's Revenue Jumps, But Profits Plummet!
Facebook released its 2nd quarterly earnings yesterday, with some big shocks followed by a drop in stock prices.
Facebook has grown at an almost unprecedented pace since inception, and now their growth problem is that almost everyone already has a Facebook account, so they need to target other opportunities outside their core browser application and into new products and continue to push their mobile services.
The drop in stock prices reflects a 9% drop in profits; Facebook (FB) noted that this drop is because they are investing billions into the future development (and monetization) of some of their other projects, like the WhatsApp messaging service. It is also adding "smarter" ads to Instagram, and putting more resources into Oculus Rift, an upcoming virtual reality headset. It is also putting more resources into the development of the Facebook mobile apps, which have seen the cost-per-ad more than double over the last year.
← Barclay's analysts warning against hype in Netflix, Google, and More!


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Positively Fit
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OK, you didn't win any summer swimsuit competitions. Now, let HIVer and pro trainer Jeffrey Gross buff you into fall.
September 1, 2005 • By Laura Whitehorn
Jeffrey Gross
47,Chicago
Diagnosed 1985
As a kid, Jeffrey Gross says, "I sucked at team sports. I was the last one picked." So he turned to gymnastics and later, as an adult, weight training. The workouts pumped more than Gross' muscles—they helped give his HIV a working over.
"In the early '90s, I developed AIDS and fell to 89 pounds," the 5'6", 140-pound stud reports. "I had to leave work—I hit bottom." Once his protease-inhibitor combo kicked in, Gross got back into fitness, believing it would boost his immune system. Indeed, the workouts "caused an increase in T cells and a decline in myv iral load," he says. "That only happens with an aggressive workout," he adds, "but even less ambitious regimens can help you feel good about yourself and balance mind, body and spirit." Gross now runs BYOB (Build Your Own Body; BYOBJeff@aol.com) and designs fitness programs for HIVers at Chicago's Rush University Medical Center. "It's something I can give back to the community," he says.
All this exercise fits Gross to a (muscle) T. With 1,000 T cells and an undetectable viral load, he's managed to deflate his belly lipoaccumulation—notoriously hard to reverse because it settles around the internal organs. "It took me six and a half years," he says, "but I've reduced that lipoaccumulation by 90%." No sweat.
Proper Behavior
Gross promotes "the three Ps" for safe, successful workouts: Proper form (do the exercise correctly), proper clothing (wear stuff you can move in and supportive, comfortable shoes) and proper nutrition (smaller, more frequent meals and eight daily glasses of H2O).


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Starbucks – Racism
This is your brain. This is your brain on race.
By: Kyle Smith – nationalreview.com – April 18, 2018
We can all easily imagine circumstances in which a manager of a coffee shop or restaurant might properly call the police to ask them to remove loiterers. These are places of business. There's nothing wrong in principle with calling the cops on non-customers who are taking up space. And there's nothing wrong with police asking people to leave private property where they aren't welcome, given that trespassing is a crime. When such people refuse, that's unfortunate, but what can the police do but arrest them?
On the other hand, calling the police on two men in a Starbucks because they're black would be very, very wrong, even outrageous. At a glance, what happened at that Philadelphia coffee shop last Thursday looks like racism. But there's little context. Does the manager also routinely call the police on white people who loiter in the shop? If a white manager called the police on two white guys hanging around a coffee shop, it wouldn't make the news, much less become a national obsession. Was the manager new on the job and unfamiliar with the generally lax policy at Starbucks when it comes to allowing nonpaying customers to hang out? Did the manager have some reason we don't know about for disliking the two men?
I'm convinced, as I believe most Americans are, that being black is like a tax or burden that you carry with you at all times. In his book Please Stop Helping Us, my friend Jason L. Riley, a Wall Street Journal columnist, writes eloquently about how he used to routinely get stopped and questioned by police in Buffalo for no apparent reason as he was driving in white neighborhoods. Riley maintains more sangfroid about this state of affairs than I would: Frustration, even anger, with the status quo is easy to understand.
We know racism exists, it inflames our sense of injustice, and so we're eager to punish it. But it can be frustratingly difficult to prove that a given incident is an example of it. Firing any employee who demonstrates race bias would seem to be a fair punishment and would also serve as a warning to other staffers that racism won't be tolerated. But at this point we don't even know whether that Starbucks manager was fired. ("We can confirm that she is no longer at that store" is all the company had to say about the unidentified worker.) On the other hand, if Starbucks has found reason to believe that the employee isn't prejudiced, firing her would appear to be unwarranted. But how would someone demonstrate that anyway? It's hard to see into someone's heart.
Would you boycott Richmond because one person there had committed murder, much less because one person there was shown to be a racist?
A glance at social media reveals little interest in thinking through such subtleties. The incident is making people unhinged. When the "racism" circuits in our brain get activated, we stop thinking clearly. We go out looking for someone to chastise, and one low-level staffer isn't enough. We want a larger target suited to the strength of the frenzy. It affects our judgment the way being drunk does. This is your brain. This is your brain on race. At "a protest outside a Starbucks at the typically tranquil corner of 18th and Spruce Streets," reported the Philadelphia Inquirer, "a woman poured a cup of (non-Starbucks) coffee out onto the sidewalk."
Only via frazzled, race-drunk thinking can a (possibly) racist act on the part of one out of 238,000 Starbucks employees somehow become the fault of the whole company. Starbucks as a corporation is comparable to a midsize city: larger than Richmond, Va. Would you boycott Richmond because one person there had committed murder, much less because one person there was shown to be a racist? Unless it turns out that Starbucks's training materials include the admonition, "Call the cops on any black people in your store who don't buy anything," I doubt the company as a whole is to blame.
That this particular corporation has been at pains to publicize its concern with race tensions — at one point in 2015 even encouraging employees to write "race together" on customers' cups while sponsoring a series of anti-racism articles in USA Today — has caused some chortling among conservatives. The lesson there is that no matter how loudly you declare yourself one of the good guys, it'll be forgotten when the mob assembles. Any money spent buying indulgences in the church of racial enlightenment buys you no insurance against cries of racism.
When that cry goes up, everyone wants in on the action. So, on Monday, a mob of protesters shut down the Philadelphia Starbucks in question for more than three hours. Any nonracists in the mood for a cup of Starbucks java had to go elsewhere. Why punish them? Why harass all the good people at that location for the actions of someone who doesn't even work there anymore? And if it's the arrest that's the most bothersome part of the story, why train your fury mostly on baristas rather than cops?
Local politicians rushed to join the fray: "Starbucks has issued an apology, but that is not enough," Philly mayor Jim Kenney said, adding that he had ordered the Philadelphia Commission on Human Relations to investigate. Starbucks was open to dialogue with the demonstrators — Camille Hymes, a regional vice president for the company, offered to talk to them on Monday at the Philly store — but they refused. "We know that you don't have the power to change everything. You're just a figurehead, but we're going to get to those in power, and we're going to make sure that we shut you down," a demonstrator replied in a moment captured on a video.
Then the leadership of Starbucks unwisely granted the mob's premise — that the entire company is tied to the action of the Philadelphia employee — when it announced it would close every store in the chain (that's 8,000 stores) on May 29 to train 175,000 employees in how to avoid racial bias. This centralized the manager's action instead of distancing the corporation from it. It's as though the entire city of Richmond vowed to undertake a reeducation program every time one of its citizens commits a crime. The move guaranteed that "Starbucks" and "race" will continue to be linked in the public imagination for weeks to come.
In ironic juxtaposition to the viral video of the two black men being confronted by police was a picture taken during the protest at the Philadelphia Starbucks Sunday by the Inquirer's Michael Bryant. It captures Black Lives Matter activist Asa Khalif standing in front of a staffer, identified on his apron as Zack. Zack is not the employee who called the police last week. Khalif is yelling into a bullhorn despite being maybe three feet away from poor Zack, who is standing with his hands folded, patiently absorbing abuse for something he had nothing to do with. "Today, this space is now secure, secured by the people" was among the announcements Khalif thought it necessary to make through his bullhorn.
That photo, shared widely on social media, is the perfect American tableau for our demented political moment, when one guy feels entitled to yell through his bullhorn at another guy for an incident that didn't involve either of them. In 2018 America, it's as if just about everyone is either Khalif, absurdly overreacting to the latest news, or Zack, getting dragged into somebody else's political controversy. At the Philadelphia protest on Monday, one man shouted to his fellow demonstrators, "What do we want?" The crowd responded, "Liberation!" "When do we want it?" he cried. "Now!" they answered. Sorry — Starbucks may be a great place to get a venti macchiato, but it's not able to offer anyone liberation.
Source: Starbucks Anti-Racism Protests Capture Race Frenzy
Tags: BusinessMediaTrends in Society


text:
Unanimously, the STJD says 'no' at Flamengo's request to stop the Brazilian
Penelope Bird June 18, 2021 2 min read
The Supreme Court of Sports Justice (STJD) on Thursday (17) rejected an application by flamingo who stopped Brazilian Championship 2021. The decision, which was made unanimously, was based on Article 10 of the General Regulations for Brazilian Football Confederation Competitions.
The same states that "calling athletes to join the national teams does not guarantee their clubs the right to change the dates of their matches in the competitions." Despite this, a large portion of the reviewers considered request Robro Blackin which four athletes were called to participate in America's Cup 2020.
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In addition to the fact that Gabigol and Everton Ribeiro have been called up by BrazilIsland of Mauritius Chile It is Arrascaeta by Uruguay, FC Rio de Janeiro used the fact that the Maracana, the stadium that hosts its matches, is one of the competition venues as the basis for its demand argument.
On Friday last week (11), the president of the Tunisian Union for Justice and Democracy, Ottavio Noronha, initially refused Flamengo's request, but was sent to judge him in the plenum for being considered a revealer.
In addition to the four athletes, this Thursday also saw Flamengo call up striker Pedro by coach Andre Jardin to compete in the tournament. the Olympics From Tokyo, Japan. Even before the call-up, the club's board of directors informed that the player would not be released, In fact, a new controversy began between Robro Black Issam Kabf.
See also Mozart saves Cruzeiro "Mansi" and leaves the others after "Expulsion"
CT from Ninho do Urubu, who belongs to Flamengo Alexandre Vidal / Flamengo
Previous The match between Gremio and Cuiaba for the Brazilian Championship has been postponed and has no specific date | Brazilian series
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Why I will not be having a monogram at our wedding | Journey to "i do"
"Why can't we have a monogram at our wedding?" I asked this question out loud on the couch more to myself than to Mr. Sword but he immediately chimed in with, " For one, you don't know how to make one." BAHAHAHA. This, unfortunately, is quite true. I have no freakin' clue how to design or make a monogram on a computer. I'm sure you need some sort of special design program (and some design skills), but I'm pretty sure my first step would be to go to Microsoft Word, make the font really big, change the color, and then stare at the screen wondering why they don't make an overlap key. Mr. Sword knows me well, and I'm not opposed to asking him for help (hello, he works as a software engineer, he could figure something out), but there's the other problem.
Most monograms at weddings include the first letter of the groom's name, the first letter of the bride's name, and the first letter of the couple's new last name (usually this is the groom's). Monograms don't have to be only initials but frankly, it's the most common version I've seen and that is what I was thinking about when I posed my question.
The thing is, Mr. Sword's first name starts with a vowel. And while some first names starting with vowels look nice, A, and E for examples, his name starts with an "I" and well, that's just confusing! People mistake it for a lowercase "L" all the time and imagine it in a monogram! People might think it's just a line of decoration instead of an actual letter. Plus, adding a vowel can turn your monogram into a real word and that word could be weird or inappropriate. Such is not the case with ours, but our letters CAN make a word and that defeats the purpose if people look at your monogram and read a word instead of your lovely names.
The good news is I think our first names written out, in lowercase letters, are adorable together and I'm thinking of putting them on our Welcome Bags along with the date of the wedding for all of our OOTG.
Does anyone else have a partner with an "I" as the first letter of their name? Anyone else not doing a monogram for a silly reason?


text:
Christiaan Conover
Who Likes the 0 Series?
March 26, 2010 · 3 minute read
Now that we know a front-wheel drive BMW is all but official and we've seen a photo of what appears to be a concept, it's time to put the cards on the table. The glaring issue for every BMW enthusiast is the fact that BMW doesn't build front-wheel drive cars. They're known for building well-balanced, powerful, well-handling rear-wheel drive cars. This is tantamount to heresy for many enthusiasts, and likely will keep many who are BMW fans from considering buying one. I'll admit that it actually looks pretty good in the picture, at least for a compact hatchback, but it just doesn't say "I'm a BMW" when you look at it. The front end looks sloped and elevated more like a SAV than a compact car, and it just looks like it'd be better suited for your 16 year old needing to get to school or for the Honda tuner looking to make the jump to Europe than as a proper BMW driver's car.
Of course, according to this article that's sort of what BMW has in mind. The author states that the car is taking aim at the new Ford Fiesta, with a pricetag "likely to start from around £16,000" (about $24,000 USD). I certainly can't fault BMW for wanting to expand into new markets (and really, this is a market they've been near in Europe for years with cars like the 120d as a recent example), but I don't think this is the way to do it.
Certainly the report that 80% of 1 series drivers either think their car is FWD or couldn't tell you either way is disappointing, but when you look deeper into that statistic and realize that it's based on polls taken of drivers of 3 and 5 door 1 series hatchbacks, it starts to make some more sense. The people driving coupes and convertibles, for the most part, know what their car is about and how it's made. They're the ones buying cars for handling, power, balance, with some comfort & luxury added in. The hatchback drivers are likely buying the car for economy, comfort, perhaps styling, and the ability to still have the Roundel on the hood. Obviously speculation and generalization, but looking at the statistic cited above I can't help but think that's partly what's at play here.
So capitalizing on that, BMW wants to build a sporty little hatchback on the MINI platform for an entry-level price. However, they did that once before, back in the 90s during the days of the E36 - the 318ti. A 3 door hatchback with an economical yet still moderately powerful 4 cylinder engine with good handling & rear wheel drive like any other 3 series or proper BMW. Why not build off of that model with the new 0 series? Judging by the proportions in the photo, it's fairly similar in size to the old 318ti so it's not a stretch to suggest it. Sure, there are plenty in the BMW community who laugh off the 318ti as a "baby Bimmer" and make jokes about its trunk having been stolen, but when you put all the kidding aside it was (& many still are) a good little car that was true to the BMW heritage.
If you want a BMW-built front-wheel drive 2 door hatchback, buy a MINI. If a car is carrying the BMW emblem however, there are certain elements of the car that are non-negotiable: kidney grills, the Hofmeister kink, good handling & power, and rear-wheel drive. Without those things, you might as well just drive a Civic or a Golf.
0 series 318ti bmw front wheel drive hatchback hofmeister kink kidney grills rear wheel drive
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New Hampshire fears eight exposed to rare brain disease in hospital
Dr. Jose Montero says they are taking the step of notifying the patients who may have been exposed to a rare brain condition similar to "mad cow" disease in cattle.
PHOTO: New Hampshire fears eight exposed to rare brain disease in hospital
BOSTON - New Hampshire warned on Wednesday that eight patients who recently underwent neurosurgery at a Manchester hospital may have been exposed to a rare brain condition similar to "mad cow" disease in cattle.
The state health department said the exposure may have been the result of a surgery on a ninth patient, who is now believed to have had a sporadic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a condition similar to "mad cow" disease but not linked to beef consumption.
All eight patients have been notified of their potential exposure, officials said, adding that there was no risk to the general public.
In the disease's sporadic form, it crops up spontaneously without a known cause. There is no known treatment or cure for the fatal condition, which has symptoms including failing memory to personality changes, blindness and sudden jerky movements, the health department said.
"After extensive expert discussion, we could not conclude that there was no risk, so we are taking the step of notifying the patients," said Dr. Jose Montero, the state's director of public health.


Japanese investment firm Mitsui has signed a deal to acquire 15 percent of Turkish metal packaging firm, Sarten Ambalaj.
Sarten produces metal packaging products, such as cans for food, cosmetics and industrial products. Established in 1972 in İstanbul, Sarten is a family-owned firm with production facilities in Turkey, Russia, Bulgaria and Romania. The company is now Europe's third largest producer of steel cans.
Mitsui is one of many Japenese companies looking to expand in fast-growing overseas markets. Turkey's proximity to Europe and the Middle East, coupled with its economic growth and manufacturing capabilities has made the country's businesses attractive to foreign investors.
The Japanese firm has prioritized Turkey in its medium term management plan. With a market value of $26 billion, Mitsui is one of Japan's largest trading houses and its operations include the sale of iron and steel products.
The Sarten family will retain management control of the company. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.


Home >> BIO-KILL >> How Safe is Bio-Kill?
On June 24, 2018,	Posted by Jerome ,	In BIO-KILL,	With Comments Off on How Safe is Bio-Kill?
A guy in Japan wanted to commit suicide and bought two trigger spray bottles of Bio-Kill pest control insecticide. He drank them both and informed his family that he is now going to die.
Of course, some family members rushed over to his place and promptly carted him off to a hospital, alarmingly telling the doctors that the patient is about to die from severe poisoning.
The doctors immediately started examining him, looking for usual tell-tale signs of poisoning. Not finding any such signs immediately, they sat him down and told him to wait. They kept checking him every 15 minutes or so.
He remained there for several hours until eventually the doctors told him that there is absolutely nothing wrong with him and sent him home. What a happy ending!
You could walk around with 1,000 litres of Bio-Kill in your stomach (if it was big enough of course! Lol) , and nothing will happen to you.
Eyes, ears, mucous membranes….. nothing is affected by Bio-Kill. Yet it is such a Highly effective insecticide.
Feel totally confident in using The Green Way for your pest control needs. The best product and the best service ever.


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30 — 06 20:00, su
The theater:
FC Bergman (Antwerp, Belgium)
FC Bergman (Stef Aerts, Joé Agemans, Bart Hollanders, Matteo Simoni, Thomas Verstraeten, Marie Vinck)
1 h. 30 min. The Performance runs without intermission
The languages of performance:
Without words
Artplay on map
FC Bergman theatre-makers drew inspiration for The Land of Nod in a fact of contemporary social life. Due to the massive renovation of the Flanders Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp, the Rubens' Gallery — one of the sacred places for the cultural code — had to be closed for several years. The stage design of the performance is built to let the audience in the museum hall prepared for renovation: all paintings are removed but the one, Christ on the Cross. The spectators become witnesses to the absurd, funny, mysterious and even catastrophic events taking place in the museum. The performance is virtually wordless. The action progresses from ironic pantomime which might as well occur in the reality, to the phantasmagoria. Biblical associations form a meaningful part of the performance which itself bears the name of the land of vagrancy whereto Cain was banished after he had committed his fratricide. The museum as a metaphor of culture and as physical place becomes a shelter where a small human being seeks solace.
After its premiere in Antwerp and a series of performances in Belgium and Netherlands, The Land of Nod was presented within the program of Festival of Avignon and participated in theatre festivals in Switzerland and Spain.
FC Bergman company draws the spectator's attention to the fact that the production belongs to the site-specific theatre genre.
Members of FC Bergman
© Kurt Van der Elst


Bajes Kwartier is a joint development of AM, AT Capital and Cairn. The consortium bought the property from the Government Real Estate Agency and, together with OMA, FABRICations and LOLA Landscape Architects, is developing a new, low traffic city district with 1300 houses: Bajes Kwartier.
Five prison towers are demolished, while one is transformed into a green tower with a vertical park and urban agriculture. The existing main building of the prison will be the design cluster: a place for artists of international standing. Furthermore, there will be restaurants and a health center. The municipality is developing a secondary school. Parking is done underground, the neighborhood is further car free.
The future outdoor space of Bajes Kwartier is characterized by the combination of parts from the past with high quality public space design. From a few courtyards between the cell towers to a realm of gardens full of freedom of choice. In total there are more than 60 different gardens, courts and water features. Bajes Kwartier is a nature inclusive stepping stone in the ecological structure of Amsterdam: free nature in a robust framework. Where possible, the prison wall is preserved, as a relic of the past, but with a new use as a climbing wall or vertical garden or outdoor cinema.
98 percent of the material from the prison is reused. Concrete floorboards and facade elements get a second life in the new buildings and the landscape. Concrete and cement are broken and reused using new techniques. Bridges are made with the old cell doors. Bajes Kwartier becomes completely energy neutral. The organic waste from the district is converted into electricity. Heat in the winter and cold in the summer comes via heat pumps in the buildings. There are no connections to natural gas.
In collaboration with the Central Government Real Estate Agency, the municipality of Amsterdam has drawn up the starting points for the new district. Five consortia submitted a plan for the summer of 2017 and made an offer. In the assessment, the quality of the plans counted as heavily as the level of the bids. AM came out as the winner. The consortium pays over 84 million euros for the site. The master plan has now been drawn up.


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© Prykhodov | Dreamstime
Apple Will Reportedly Stop Manufacturing Rose Gold iPhones
By: Nicki G.
Rumors are swirling about the upcoming release of the iPhone 8. It's expected to be announced soon.
Danny Winget is a YouTuber who claims that he has the final proto-type for the phone. He showed it off in a recent video posted to his popular YouTube channel.
The part I think is kind of crazy? Apple may replace the rose gold iPhone with copper gold/bronze color. It's disgusting! Of course, nothing has been confirmed, but there is usually some truth to rumors before an iPhone release.
Winget notes that the shade is much darker. In fact, he said it's a drastic change from the rose gold color, and went on to call it "pretty ugly."
I really don't get why they would change it. Rose gold is HUGE right now. Seems like a big mistake to me.
Watch the full video below to see for yourself:


Some of our songs say that God created the earth, and some say that the Lord God made the earth. The creation is clearly described in the Pearl of Great Price, and we can be grateful that we have latter-day scripture to help us understand the purpose of the earth and how it was created.
This activity can help you appreciate the wonder of the creation.
1. Color and cut out pictures.
2. Place pictures on flannel board or long roll of paper as you sing "All Things Bright and Beautiful" (Sing with Me, B-89).
1. Ask children to draw each object in song. Have them print their names under their drawings; cut around names and pictures. Mount all drawings of same object on sheet of poster board. Arrange pictures in order; have children hold them up as song is sung, or assemble and display as flip-chart as song is sung.
2. Discuss interesting facts about each object, such as formation of rocks and mountains, growth of seed into tree, life cycle of butterfly, to help children appreciate intricacies of our world. Encourage children to share what they know.
Read Moses 1–3, and look in Index for other references on Creation.


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A member of the American Federation of Government Employees has a message about the looming federal shutdown for the Trump administration and Democrats in Congress.
JUST IN time for the holidays, we federal employees face the uncertainty of a furlough as Donald Trump tries to cram $5 billion in funding for his racist U.S.-Mexico border wall into the federal budget.
As of now, the Tangerine Tantrum is ready to partially shut down the government at midnight on December 22 if Congress doesn't give him all the funding on his Christmas wish list.
A shutdown would mean that 380,000 federal employees — made up of permanent employees, contract employees and grant workers — would be furloughed. Another 420,000 would be forced to work without pay.
And while federal employees have usually received back pay after past shutdowns, those checks, coming in January or February 2019, would be too late to stop the immediate pain.
As American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) President J. David Cox Sr. said in a statement, "Our members take home an average of around $500 each week. Any interruption in their pay will have a devastating impact on them, their families, and their communities."
AFGE members go #RedForFeds in Washington, D.C., to protest Trump's union-busting. (AFGE)
If Trump's call to shut down the government sounds familiar, it is because we've witnessed this brinksmanship before. Trump has threatened a federal closure regularly when the deadlines for appropriations bills or the expiration of continuing resolutions approach.
As Cox said in response to Trump's bluster last year, "Using American civil servants as a bargaining chip illustrates that President Trump's priorities are not to take care of the American people."
Not only is Trump displaying contempt for federal employees and their families, never mind the "American people" to whom we provide vital services, but this shutdown is entirely about heaping more abuse on the vulnerable with his racist wall.
In a now-notorious December 11 meeting with Democratic congressional leaders Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, Trump said he would be "proud" to close the federal government if he doesn't get his way. "I'll be the one to shut it down," he told Pelosi and Schumer. "I will take the mantle. And I will shut it down for border security."
PRESIDENT TRUMP when you decide to lock my co-workers and me out of our workplaces, you do so in the name of your own agenda. Your racist wall makes no one secure.
Trump's diatribes hide the fact that he and the congressional Democratic leadership agree on most aspects U.S. border policy. This allows the Democrats to pose as allies of federal employees, while ignoring the racist elephant in the room: that both main parties have supported drastically increased measures at the border since long before Trump.
"[Trump's] taking full responsibility for the Trump shutdown," Pelosi commented after the meeting. "Perhaps he doesn't understand people need their paychecks. Maybe that's not the life he leads. It's not enough to say we'll pay you in January when people have to make ends meet in December."
Federal workers should remember that this "friend of labor" has held a seat in Congress for more than 30 years. Pelosi and Schumer have been in both the majority and the minority for a long period in which our wages have declined, our health care premiums have increased and more — and they often voted in favor of budgets that hurt our living standards.
In the 1990s, Bill Clinton, Al Gore and the Democrats "reinvented government," which is double-talk for reducing the federal workforce by 377,000 positions between 1992 and 2000.
Perhaps more disgusting is the fact that Pelosi and Schumer never call out Trump's anti-immigrant assumptions when he demands his border wall — because the Democratic Party shares that racist outlook.
Shamefully, Pelosi, Schumer and the Democrats have already agreed to the original amount that the White House asked for in June: $1.6 billion to fund border security in fiscal year 2019.
But following the typical "can't take yes for an answer" pattern that has emerged in recent decades, as soon as the Democrats rolled over and agreed with Republicans, the Republicans cried foul and move the goalposts.
The Democrats aren't any less racist on immigration and border control — they only cost less. Don't forget that the warehousing of migrant children in detention centers, which earned Trump an extra measure of scorn in the summer, began during the Obama presidency. And with every compromise, they enable the Republicans to move politics to the right.
If Pelosi and Schumer want to make a racist deal with Trump that "only" includes $1.6 billion in border security, they shouldn't be allowed to compromise in the name of protecting the paychecks of federal workers. That is not a check I would want to cash.
ANTI-IMMIGRANT measures are bipartisan policy in the U.S. Capitol. But federal workers have noting to gain in this racist compromise. What we need is a clarion call for cross-border solidarity.
I was thrilled to read the inspiring "Call to Organized Labor" from the Sanctuary Caravan. But I as I scanned the list of endorsing unions, I was disappointed, though not surprised, to find that AFGE has not, as of this writing, endorsed the call. And it does not seem likely that my union will.
Over the past two years AFGE has been a source of inspiration for its members. In the spring and summer, the union took to both the courts and the streets, successfully stopping Trump's executive orders (EOs) designed to limit the rights of federal employee unions.
In a show of solidarity with the teachers' strikes last spring, AFGE launched a #RedForFeds campaign, with more than 2,000 federal employees rallying in Washington on July 25.
AFGE took a stance against the growth of the far right in the Trump era, with President Cox putting out a moving statement after the murder of anti-racist activist Heather Heyer in Charlottesville:
White supremacy, Nazism and demonstrations steeped in hatred go against everything that we believe at the American Federation of Government Employees. Unions are about strength in numbers and standing up for all workers, regardless of their race, color, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation or political views. As one of the most diverse unions in the country that represents workers from all walks of life and various backgrounds, we are infuriated by what occurred this weekend.
AFGE continued to speak out about the rise of racist vandalism at federal monuments and harassment of federal employees by Klan-sympathizing bosses.
Sadly, however, AFGE leadership has yet to call out the racism of Trump and the Democrats on immigration and border policies.
Cox's letters to the House and Senate protesting a possible shutdown focus only on the adverse economic impact on federal employees and the loss of services to the public.
While they recognize that a Trump-forced closure is all about the $5 billion for the border wall — and that there is a growing opposition to U.S. immigration policy, including among federal workers — AFGE leaders refuses to connect anti-immigrant racism to the broader rise of the right that the union has condemned.
Thus, in the letters to the two houses of Congress, Cox wrote: "I urge you to resist efforts by those who would use a government shutdown as leverage to pass divisive, unpopular legislation. Shutting down the government should not be the way we resolve disputes over controversial policies."
President Cox, the border wall is not just divisive or controversial. It is racist, and AFGE should not be silent on that racism.
AFGE LEADERS obviously feel some pressure from their more right-wing member councils and locals to walk a narrow path on the border wall and immigration policy.
AFGE is the union that, among other federal employees, represents workers and officers in the Department of Homeland Security, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Border Patrol. The National Border Patrol Council and National ICE Council, both AFGE affiliates, endorsed Trump for president in 2016.
But I can tell you from conversations in my workplace that NBPC and NIC do not speak for all federal employees. Far from it.
We are disgusted by the separation of families at the border, angered at the growth of the white supremacist right and fed up with our livelihoods being used as political poker chips.
AFGE has made strong statements against the growing racist threat, such as: "These incidents are increasing in frequency and show no signs of going away, the union is now doubling down, calling on the administration to distance itself from white nationalism, anti-Semitism and all types of prejudicial extremism, and condemn these acts."
But if these are going to be more than posturing, AFGE must break its silence and call out the racism of Trump's border wall.
The federal workforce is racially and culturally diverse, in part due to equal employment opportunity laws. Our workplaces and unions routinely celebrate not only African American History Month, but Asian-American, Native American and LGBTQ history months.
The seeds of solidarity and anti-racism exist in the federal workforce. Our union leadership could build on those — but not if it stays silent about the racism of border wall or the actions of small sections of the federal government, such as ICE, or the right-wing unions representing those employees.
In a nation of immigrants, migration should not be seen as a crime. Our union should take up the slogan: "La lucha obrera no tiene frontera." ("The working class struggle has no borders")
When I talk to my co-workers about the border wall and a possible shutdown, my response will be: "No racist wall! No racist compromise! No silence on racism!"
Trump's campaign of terror against immigrants
The racist in the White House is demanding every anti-immigrant measure he can think of--while ICE is stepping up raids and arrests across the U.S.
Khury Petersen-Smith
Chuck Schumer and the art of the sellout
Why do the Democrats cave so often? The problem isn't just bad tactics, but the fact that they're committed to the same basic agenda as Republicans.
The bitter fruit of Trump's China-bashing
Donald Trump's new cold war rivalry with China has put Chinese foreign students at U.S. universities squarely in the crosshairs.
By a federal worker
Will labor learn the lessons of the shutdown?
With the threat of another shutdown coming later this month, federal workers and their unions have to get ready for another fight.
Who shut down the shutdown?
It wasn't the Democrats, but federal workers, who finally put real pressure on the Trump administration to reopen the government.
Larry Bradshaw and Lorrie Beth Slonsky
The lessons of Katrina that haven't been learned
Two SW contributors who were trapped in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina consider the striking parallels with today's unnatural natural disasters.
Witnesses to the violence in Charlottesville
Three ISO members describe what happened when a neo-Nazi attacked their contingent in Charlottesville--and the lessons they've drawn going forward.
Sharon Smith
A Marxist case for intersectionality
Intersectionality is defined in very different ways, but the concept as developed by Black feminists can help advance Marxist theory and practice.
The election of Trump and the struggle ahead
The direction of politics after this election will depend on building a fighting left based on social movements, unions and popular organizations.


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Book Catalogue Reviews - December - 2005 Issue
Latest Update from Manhattan Rare Books
Electronic offering of latest titles from the Manhattan Rare Book Company.
We have received the most recent electronic update to the catalogues published by The Manhattan Rare Book Company. For those not familiar, Manhattan Rare Book is a New York dealer offering titles in a wide range of subjects. Included among its many fields are science and technology, pre-1900 literature, modern firsts, history and politics, Americana, art, medicine, and children's books. The common thread is that Manhattan does specialize in top tier books. This is a bookseller you should consult if looking for the most important works in these fields. Here are a few of the items on their latest electronic list of new offerings.
Annalen der Physik, by Albert Einstein. This 1905 paper (offered is a first printing in rare, original wrappers) led to his discovery expressed in the famed equation, E =mc2, something we all know even if we don't really understand it. Priced at $8,500.
The Collected Poems of Robert Frost, published in 1930. It is in fine condition with a virtually fine rare original dust jacket. It is signed by Frost, dated 1930, and noted as signed in Amherst. $3,000.
A first edition of The Christopher Robin Birthday Book. This A.A. Milne 1930 classic contains quotes and words of wisdom from the creatures who inhabited the Hundred Acre Wood. Not really, of course. Milne made them all up himself. $2,800.
A 1905 typed and signed letter from Thomas Edison to James W. Caples concerning the purchase of cobalt ore. Edison believed he could use metallic cobalt to construct a better battery. $2,600.
Walt Whitman's Democratic Vistas, an 1871 first printing in original wrappers. It combined Whitman's optimism for America with post-Civil War reality. Don't be fooled by the "75 cents" price on the cover. It now goes for $2,800.
The 27-page commentary between Mission Control in Houston and the crew of the lunar landing module Eagle during their landing on the moon. It was issued to reporters by Mission Control shortly after the landing took place. It includes Neil Armstrong's famous words, "That's one small step for man. One giant leap for mankind." $1,400.
The Photographic History of the Civil War, a 10-volume set produced by Francis Trevelyan Miller. This set remains one of the best sources of photographs from that terrible conflict. This is a first edition from 1911. $1,800.
The six-volume The Second World War, by Winston Churchill, published 1948-54. Churchill said, "History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it." We think history would have been kind to Churchill even if he didn't write it. Nonetheless, it is quite amazing to find a complete history of such a major event written by someone who was a critical participant. Who knows what the world would be today were it not for this great man. $1,850.
You may find the Manhattan Rare Book Company online at www.manhattanrarebooks.com or call them at 212-326-8907.


"The Magnetic and Optical Signature of a Pg Pulsation" by G. Chisham, D. Orr et al.
A giant pulsation (Pg), observed on two magnetometer arrays in Northern Europe, has been analysed. The integrated video records from an all-sky TV camera that had been recording pulsating aurora concurrently, had an identical periodicity to the Pg. Complex demodulation analysis of the event has yielded the amplitude, phase and polarization characteristics of the wave packet. The dominant East-West (D) component wave signature in amplitude and phase suggests that this Pg has guided poloidal mode characteristics. On the basis of equatorial mass density calculations it is shown that the Pg is most likely to be a second harmonic oscillation. The bounce resonance instability with 17 keV protons is discussed as being a possible candidate for the generation of the Pg. The mechanism of Coroniti and Kennel (1970, J. geophys. Res. 75, 1279) is discussed as being the most likely mechanism for the generation of the pulsating aurora seen on this night.
Publisher PDF is available through the link above. Publisher requires a subscription to access the article.
Chisham, G., D. Orr, M.J. Taylor, and H. Luhr, The magnetic and optical signature of a Pg pulsation, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1443, 1990.


We have had a great first week at CU Boulder! On Sunday, 70 students from all over the world joined the Summer Discovery staff on campus. The students jumped right into their classes, which include Medical Sciences and Research, Exploring Engineering, 3D Printing, The Brain, and Aerospace. Our 4-week students have teamed up with their mentors and have been hard at work researching. Here at Boulder, we work hard and play hard, participating in a field day at Farrand Field, followed by an amazing fireworks show at Folsom Field. Everyone is looking forward to a great weekend as we travel to Rocky Mountain National Park on Saturday and explore Denver on Sunday! Check back in Sunday night to hear all about it!


Are you a LEADER or a MANAGER?
When you're building value in your company, it's vital to hire the right people for the right roles.
Welcome to my blog! I'm Lexi. I write about finding (and following) your purpose.


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Lords: 18 March 2019
Brexit: Article 50 Period Extension Procedure
Volume 796: debated on Monday 18 March 2019
The Minister of State, Department for Exiting the European Union
(Lord Callanan) (Con)
My Lords, with the leave of the House I shall now repeat in the form of a Statement the Answer to an Urgent Question given earlier today in another place by the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, the Member for Spelthorne. The Statement is as follows:
"Mr Speaker, as set out in a Written Ministerial Statement and in accordance with the Motion approved by this House on 14 March, the Government will now seek to agree an extension with the European Union. The extension process has been set out in a government paper, published last Thursday. While Article 50 does not set out how either party should request an extension, the Government believe that it would be appropriate for the Prime Minister to write to the President of the European Council.
It is highly likely, and expected, that the European Council will require clear purpose for any extension, not least to determine its length. The European Council also has to approve an extension by unanimity. With this in mind, we will look to request any extension in advance of the March European Council. It is the Government's expectation that the European Council will decide whether to agree to any UK request at this meeting.
As soon as possible, following agreement at the EU level, we will bring forward the necessary domestic legislation to amend the definition of "exit day". That legislation will take the form of a statutory instrument. If agreement is reached at the European Council, the statutory instrument will be laid in Parliament next week. It will be subject to the draft affirmative procedure and will need to be approved by each House. I hope that this reassures honourable and right honourable Members about the procedure that will be followed this week and next".
Baroness Hayter of Kentish Town
(Lab)
Well, I think we all feel rather sorry for the Minister, who has, after all, said again and again that we will leave on 29 March and now knows that we will not—and that is because of the Prime Minister's failed strategy of running down the clock to get her own way.
We are told that, if the Government are allowed to table the existing deal yet again in the Commons and it wins approval—the Speaker has just suggested that he is not minded to permit a third meaningful vote without a substantial change to the deal; we hear that perhaps we will have to prorogue and then come back—they will apply for an extension to 30 June.
The more likely eventuality is that the Government will fail to get their deal agreed and thus request a longer extension, such that we will need to participate in the European Parliament elections. Given that returning officers must publish notice of the poll by 12 April, with the Government announcing the date beforehand, can the Minister inform the House which date is planned for these elections, whether the Electoral Commission is geared up for this and when purdah will commence?
Baroness Ludford
(LD)
My Lords, I think the Speaker in the other place will tonight be a national hero for—
Baroness Goldie
(Con)
This is an Urgent Question; the Minister must respond.
Lord Callanan
The noble Baroness stated that we will not leave on 29 March. Of course, she cannot say that definitely. UK law still requires that we do, and any extension—which we have said we will apply for—has to be agreed unanimously by the European Council. She asked about the European elections; I will give her a detailed answer. EU law requires European parliamentary elections to be held between 23 and 26 May, and the new European Parliament will meet on 2 July. For the UK to participate in the elections, notice of the poll must be published by 12 April. This is set out in Schedule 1 of the European Parliamentary Elections Regulations 2004. In advance of this date—in other words, by 11 April—the Government would have to set the date of the poll by making an order under the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002.
My Lords, as I was saying, I think that the Speaker in the other place will tonight be a national hero for stopping this Government prolonging their manipulative games playing and making a mockery of parliamentary sovereignty. Over the weekend we heard attempts by the Attorney-General to claim that Article 62 of the Vienna convention could be invoked to get out of the backstop early and that this was a substantive change. That has been shot down by all good legal opinion.
MPs have already had two votes on Mrs May's deal, having been permitted to reassess the information on Brexit and update their views. If the Prime Minister had had her way, it would have been three or four votes. Meanwhile, the voters are denied even one opportunity for a rethink. So is it not finally time to allow the people to have the same opportunity for review and reassessment that MPs and the Government are permitting themselves? This weekend a poll showed that almost six in 10—57% of voters—wanted that opportunity.
Any extension sought under Article 50 must be for a democratic purpose, which does not mean only the European Parliament elections. It is as clear as day that the most legitimate purpose must be for a people's vote, and that the extension sought must be long enough to facilitate the holding of such a vote, with an option to stay in the EU on the ballot paper. It is rumoured that the Government will seek a nine-month extension. Can the Minister confirm whether that is true?
No, I cannot confirm that. I can also reassure the noble Baroness that we will not be seeking permission to hold another people's vote. We have already had a people's vote, and the people voted to leave. We are still committed to implementing the results of that decision.
Lord Wigley
My Lords, what happens if the European Union turns down an application by the United Kingdom for an extended period of time for Article 50 and it comes back here? Will we not then need primary legislation to avoid a cliff edge on 29 March? Do the Government have a Bill ready for that eventuality?
We will then have the choice of either passing the meaningful vote or we will leave by the normal operation of the law that this House has voted for.
Lord Bridges of Headley
My Lords, what purpose will the British Government tell the European Union that a long extension would fulfil? What is the precise purpose that the Prime Minister will say she needs this period for?
This will be something the Prime Minister will want to address in her discussions with the European Council. The reason we are requesting this is the request by the House of Commons in the vote it had last week.
Lord Browne of Ladyton
My Lords, I assume that the Government were aware that the other place had a convention dating back to 1604 that you could not bring a proposition substantially the same as one that had already been decided in the same Session of Parliament. If that is the case, why is the Solicitor-General going about today saying that the House of Commons Speaker's restatement of that convention—that is all he did—has generated a "constitutional crisis"? Is it not the Government's intention to get the House of Commons to breach its own convention repeatedly until they got their preferred deal through the House of Commons that generated the constitutional crisis, not the restatement of the convention?
I am not aware of the Solicitor-General making those comments. I have not seen them; I have been briefing for this session and listening to the debate in the House of Commons. The procedures of the House of Commons are a matter for the Speaker and the property of the House, and nobody is in any doubt about that.
Viscount Waverley
(CB)
Can the Minister confirm whether any extension of Article 50 could be rescinded on the same terms as the original Article 50 was applied for?
If the noble Lord is asking whether it can be withdrawn once it has been agreed, I do not think so. We are allowed to apply for an extension, and it has to be agreed unanimously. Once that is done, we will need to amend the appropriate legislation in this country, which is the EU withdrawal Act.
Lord Dobbs
My Lords, perhaps I might ask my noble friend the Minister—and he is a friend—a gentle but serious question. How can he expect noble Lords from these Benches to support the policy that is now being advocated, which the Government themselves have consistently opposed and repeatedly promised to never bring before this House?
My noble friend makes a very good point and he knows I have some sympathy with his view. However, the will of the House of Commons was clear; it refused to pass the withdrawal agreement that would have resulted in us leaving in a satisfactory manner, and it has requested the Government to seek an extension to Article 50. That is what we will do.
Lord Davies of Stamford
My Lords, the Government have had two and a half years to resolve this matter. They have spectacularly failed to do so, in such a way that we have now become a byword throughout the world for incompetence at the highest level of government. Parliament has now been trying to solve the problem for a few weeks, and has so far failed to do so. Is it not time to go to the final stage—the one that will produce the highest degree of legitimacy for a final decision—and ask the British people, knowing all that we now know about the conditions that would apply if we had an arrangement with the European Union, and so much more than any of us knew in 2016? Is it not time to let the British public take a considered and final decision?
I refer the noble Lord to the answer I gave earlier to the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford. I do not agree that there should be a further people's vote; we have already had a people's vote and we should implement that one first.
Lord Tugendhat
My Lords, the Minister is of course quite right to say that a majority of people voted to leave the European Union. Does he not therefore think it rather ironic that it is, by and large, Members of Parliament who are strongly in favour of leave who are doing so much to undermine the Prime Minister's plans to get us out of the European Union on the date that the Government promised and now look as though they cannot deliver?
There are indeed many ironies in this process, and that is one of the largest.


text:
{{Katonai konfliktus infobox
 | konfliktus = Román front
 | kép = Falkenhayn's cavalry entering Bucuresti on December 6, 1916.jpg
 | képfelirat = Erich von Falkenhayn lovassága bevonul Bukarestbe 1916. december 6-án
 | kontextus =Az Első világháború egyik frontja
 | helyszín =Erdély, Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia és aRomán Királyság területének nagy részén
 | dátum =1916. augusztus 28. – 1917. december
 | eredmény =Központi hatalmak győzelme, Romániát megszállják
 | ok =Az antant jelentős területek átengedését ígéri Romániának
 | területváltozások =A bukaresti békében Románia határmenti területeket és Dél-Dobrudzsát elveszti
 | támadó = Román Királyság Orosz Birodalom Szerb Királyság Támogató:
 | védekező = Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia Német Birodalom Bulgária  Oszmán Birodalom
 | parancsnok1 =  I. Ferdinánd Constantin Prezan Alexandru Averescu Eremia Grigorescu Ioan Culcer Mihail Aslan Alekszej Bruszilov Andrej Medardovics ZajoncskovszkijVladimir Sakharov Dmitry Shcherbachev  Milenko Milićević  Henri Berthelot
 | parancsnok2 =  Erich von Falkenhayn August von Mackensen Johannes von Eben  IV. Károly Arz Artúr Rohr Ferenc Nikola Zsekov  Stefan Toshev Mustafa Hilmi Pasa
 | haderő1 =Román Front:
  4. hadsereg
  9. hadsereg
  6. hadsereg
  8. hadsereg
  1. hadsereg
  2. hadsereg
 3. hadsereg
 4. hadsereg
 szerb önkéntes hadosztály

1916:
   fő
   fő

1917:

   fő
Összesen:  (1917)
 | haderő2 =  9. hadsereg  52. hadtest  1. hadsereg  3. hadsereg  6. hadtest

      fő
 Összesen:
 | veszteségek1 =  halott sebesült elfogták      sebesült

Összesen:  fő
 | veszteségek2 =

Összesen:
 | veszteségek3 =
 | egyéb =
}}

A román front' az 1916-os erdélyi támadás miatt jött létre a keleti fronton az első világháborúban, melynek során a román hadsereg támadást indított Magyarország erdélyi területei ellen. A támadás megindítása esetén az antant nagy területek átadását ígérte meg a románoknak, ha belépnek a központi hatalmak ellen vívott háborúba. A kezdeti területvesztések után a német és osztrák–magyar csapatok ellentámadásba mentek át, mire hadba lépett a románok ellen Bulgária és Törökország is. Ezt már nem bírta el a román hadsereg, a központi hatalmak kiverték a románokat Erdélyből, a bolgárok Dél-Dobrudzsából, majd Bukarestet is elfoglalták 1916. december 6-ára. A románok 1917-ben békét kértek, a bukaresti békében pár határ menti területet, valamint a bolgárok által megszállt Dobrudzsát át kellett adniuk.

 Előzmények

A román értelmiség (főként papok) már a 18. század végétől kitűzte maga elé az ország egyesítésének célját. Ez Havasalföld, Moldva és Erdély egyesítését jelentette. Ennek azonban sokáig nagy akadályai voltak, többek között az, hogy a román fejedelemségek török fennhatóság alatt álltak, Erdély pedig az erős Habsburg Birodalom része volt. Románia függetlenségi háborúja (1877–78), majd a Balkán-háború után (amelyben megszerezte Dobrudzsát) azonban csak a kedvező pillanatot leste, hogy Erdélyt is elfoglalhassa. Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchiával szemben való területi igénye ellenére 1882-ben csatlakozott a központi hatalmakhoz, az orosz befolyás gyengítésére. Ezenkívül a király I. Károly maga is a Hohenzollern-ház egyik mellékágából (Hohenzollern–Sigmaringen ház) származott, így természetesen nem akart rossz viszonyba kerülni rokonával II. Vilmos német császárral. 1914-ben kitört az első világháború. Románia, habár szövetséges volt a központi hatalmakkal, nem lépett be a háborúba, hanem a fegyveres semlegesség mellett döntött. Versenyfutás kezdődött Románia "kegyeiért", amelyet az antant nyert meg. A román miniszterelnök, Brătianu, titkos szerződést írt alá az antanttal, amelyben a felajánlott területekért cserébe vállalta, hogy támadást indít a Monarchia ellen és történjék bármi, nem köt különbékét. A hadba lépésben fontos szerepet játszott az antant azon stratégiája, miszerint az 1916-os évnek döntőnek kell lennie, egyszerre kívánták támadás alá vonni a központi hatalmakat, de különösen a Monarchiát. Az elsődleges terv szerint a Monarchia minden frontjára heves támadást kívántak mérni, hogy ezzel a központi hatalmak gyengébb láncszemét végleg kiüssék a háborúból. Így nagyjából egy időben kezdődött meg a keleti fronton minden idők egyik legvéresebb hadművelete, a Bruszilov-offenzíva, ami óriási vereséget okozott Ausztria-Magyarországnak, csak német segítséggel tudták megállítani azt. Augusztus közepén támadásba lendültek az olaszok is, a Hatodik isonzói csata során először tudták áttörni a frontot és nagyobb győzelmet aratni. Mindezek felbátorították a román vezetést, úgy gondolták, könnyed győzelmet tudnak aratni. Ezután Brătianu bejelentette a parlamentben a háborúba való belépést, majd 1916. augusztus 27-én elküldte a hadüzenetet a Monarchiának. Ebben azt írta, hogy "elnyomott erdélyi testvéreik felszabadításáért" indul harcba a román hadsereg. Még a hadüzenet előtt a román csapatok megkezdték támadásukat a Kárpátok gyengén őrzött hágóin keresztül.

 Román offenzíva

A román hadsereget már az 1916-os év elején a Kárpátok körül vonták össze, így 1916. augusztus 27-ének éjszakáján egyszerre tudták megindítani az összes erdélyi szorosban a támadást. A hadsereg a Tölgyesi-, Gyimesi-, Békás-, Ojtozi-, Tömösi-, Bodza-, Törcsvári-, Vöröstoronyi- és Szurdok-szoroson keresztül nyomult előre, míg egy hadosztály Orsovával szemben, Ada Kaleh szigetének elfoglalásával kezdte meg a támadást. Az erdélyi szorosokban hamar letörték a határőrök ellenállását a románok, csak a Vöröstoronyi-szorosban és a Tömösi-szorosban védekező 82. hadosztály, amely jórészt székelyekből állott, tudta feltartóztatni egy ideig a román támadást. A román vezérkar a Budapest irányába indított offenzívát két részben akarta megvalósítani: A seregnek először a Beszterce–Marosvásárhely vonalig kellett volna eljutnia, majd a csapatoknak a Tiszántúl egy részét, egészen Debrecenig, illetve Békéscsabáig és Szegedig kellett volna elfoglalniuk.

A román sereggel szemben már másnap megindult a Kolozsváron állomásozó I. osztrák–magyar hadsereg, melynek vezetője Arz Artúr gyalogsági tábornok volt, a sereg azonban lassan haladt, mivel a románok elől a Székelyföld és a szász vidékek lakossága igyekezett elmenekülni, a lakosok ugyanis az 1848-as vérengzések megismétlődésétől tartottak. A menekültáradat teljesen igénybe vette a vasúthálózatot, amelyre pedig szükség volt a hadsereg szállításához. A románok időközben elfoglalták egész Csík és Háromszék vármegyét, majd bevették Brassót és egy kemény ostrom után Nagyszebent. A román katonaság általában fegyelmezetten viselkedett az elfoglalt területeken, de a sereg után érkező félkatonai alakulatok kegyetlenkedtek, gyújtogattak, fosztogattak. Többek között szinte teljesen felégették Csíkszeredát és súlyos károkat okoztak Brassóban.

A román támadás után, válaszlépésként augusztus 28-án Németország, 29-én Törökország, és szeptember 1-jén pedig Bulgária hadat üzent Romániának, az utóbbi másnap megtámadta Dobrudzsában a románokat, akik képtelenek voltak ellenállni a bolgár támadásnak. Időközben megkezdődött a német és osztrák–magyar csapatok Erdélybe szállítása. A román csapatok erejéből még annyira futotta, hogy elfoglalták Lupényt, Vulkánt és Petrozsényt – az utóbbit egy bányász-zászlóalj védelmezte, mely az utolsó szál emberig elesett a harcokban – szeptember 8-án azonban a román hadvezetés azt az utasítást adta, hogy a csapatok tartsák az elért vonalakat és minden nélkülözhető erőt küldjenek Dobrudzsába. Mielőtt azonban erre sor került volna, megkezdődött az egyesült német–osztrák–magyar csapatok erdélyi ellentámadása.

 Az ellentámadás

A német–osztrák–magyar sereg élére Erich von Falkenhayn tábornokot nevezték ki, aki szeptember elején megindította az ellentámadást. Szeptember 10-én Hátszeg mellett legyőzte a román sereget, majd a sereg még aznap visszafoglalta Petrozsényt. Petrozsény visszafoglalásában nagy szerepe volt Maderspach Viktornak, aki partizánalakulatot szervezve zavarta a románok hadműveleteit. Szeptember 28-án a Falkenhayn vezette sereg győzött a kisbári és nagybári csatákban, aminek eredményeként visszafoglalták Nagyszebent. A Nagyszeben alól visszavonuló román hadosztályokat a Vöröstoronyi-szorosban teljesen megsemmisítették. Ezt követően szabadult fel a Székelyföld is. A 2. román hadsereg még megkísérelt egy offenzívát Brassónál október 4-én, de sikertelenül, a központi hatalmak csapatai teljesen kiszorították őket Erdélyből. A román fronton harcolt és sebesült meg a későbbi rendkívül sikeres hadvezér, Erwin Rommel is.

 Harc a regáti területeken
A románok erdélyi kiverését követően nem szüneteltek a harcok, a központi hatalmak seregei két fronton harcoltak a románokkal: Dobrudzsában August von Mackensen vezetésével és Erdélyben továbbra is Falkenhayn vezetésével.

Még a román csapatok erdélyi előrenyomulása javában tartott, amikor az August von Mackensen és Nikola Zsekov vezette bolgár–német haderő (kisebb oszmán kontingenssel is megerősítve) szeptember 1-jén betört Dobrudzsa területére és Constanţa felé vette az irányt. A megállításukra kivezényelt román csapatok – annak ellenére, hogy túlerőben voltak – a turtucaiai csatában vereséget szenvedtek, a sereg nagy része pedig fogságba esett. A veszélyes helyzetben a román hadsereg parancsnokság kidolgozott egy haditervet Bulgária hátbatámadására. Amíg a központi hatalmak seregei a dél-dobrudzsai Cobadinért harcoltak, egy román expedíciós hadtest átkelt a Dunán és támadást indított Rusze térsége ellen. A bolgárok azonban heves ellenállást fejtettek ki, majd miután a Központi Hatalmak seregeinek is sikerült áttörést elérni Cobadinnál, Averescu tábornok leállította a bulgáriai hadműveletet és visszavezényelte katonáit Románia területére.

Miután Falkenheyn vezetésével a német és osztrák–magyar csapatok kiverték a románokat Erdély területéről, Mackensen is újabb offenzívát indított Dobrudzsa térségében. A románok képtelenek voltak az ellenállásra, így kiürítették a teljes Dobrudzsát, visszavonulva a Duna vonalára. A Központi Hatalmak csapatai október 22-én bevonultak a térség legjelentősebb városába, Constanţába.

November 23-án egy német expedíciós különítmény Szvistovnál átkelt a Dunán, és támadást indított a román csapatok állásai ellen, akiket teljesen felkészületlenül ért ez a támadás, így Mackensennek lehetőséget adott a Dobrudzsából való kitörésre és offenzíva indítására Bukarest irányába. A román csapatok Constantin Prezan parancsnoksága alatt megkíséreltek egy ellenoffenzívát az Argeș folyó déli folyása mellett, de a román hadvezetés kapkodása miatt december 1-jén egyértelmű vereséget szenvedtek, és kénytelenek voltak visszavonulni. A román király a kormánnyal együtt elhagyta Bukarestet és Jászvásárba menekült. Mackensen csapatai december 6-án bevonultak Románia fővárosába.

A román hadsereg folyamatos harcok közepette visszavonult a Szeret folyó vonaláig. Súlyosabb összecsapásra csak Râmnicu Sărat mellett került sor, amelyet Mackensen csapatai egy négy napos ostrom után tudtak csak bevenni.

 A frontvonal megállapodása
A Dobrudzsától északra állomásozó orosz–román csapatok január 5-én kiürítették Brăilát, majd visszavonultak a Duna-delta területére. A Központi hatalmak csapatai január 23-án megkíséreltek egy offenzívát Tulcsa irányába, de a mocsaras terep a védőknek kedvezett, így a német–bolgár csapatok kénytelenek voltak leállítani a támadást.

A frontvonal északi részén Mackensen csapatai még január 8-án bevették Foksányt, de a Szeret vonalán kiépített védelmet már nem tudták áttörni. Ez nagy mértékben az angol és francia fegyverszállítmánynak és a Henri Berthelot vezette francia expedíciós missziónak volt köszönhető, mely segített a román haderő helyreállításában (Berthelot tábornokot a román katonák csak Bertălău papa (taica Bertălău) névvel illették).

1917 nyarán a román csapatok a Kerenszkij-offenzíva támogatására nagyarányú hadműveletbe kezdtek Nămoloasa és Mărăşti irányába. A nămoloasai támadás megfeneklett, de Mărăştinél a románok sikerrel áttörték az ellenséges vonalakat, visszafoglalva mintegy 10 falut. A győzelmet azonban a Kerenszkij-offenzíva kudarca miatt nem sikerült kihasználni, viszont a Központi Hatalmak csapatai ellentámadást indítottak Mărășești-nél Mackensen, az Ojtoz-völgyében pedig Rohr Ferenc vezetésével. A román csapatoknak Alexandru Averescu és Eremia Grigorescu vezetésével viszont sikerült súlyos veszteségek árán visszaverni az ellenséges támadást.

 A harcok vége és a bukaresti béke

Az oroszországi bolsevik hatalomátvétel nehéz helyzetbe hozta a románokat, mivel egyedül maradtak a keleti fronton, közvetlen támogatás nélkül. 1917. december 9-én a román kormány képviselői Foksányban fegyverszünetet kötöttek a Központi Hatalmakkal, majd 1918. május 7-én megkötötték a bukaresti békeszerződést, melyben korlátozták a román hadsereg létszámát, ezenkívül a teljes Dobrudzsát kénytelenek voltak átadni Bulgáriának és egy 5600 km²-nyi sávot a Kárpátok mentén az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchiának, viszont a békében hallgatólagosan Romániának adták Besszarábiát. Gazdaságilag a békeszerződés teljesen kizsákmányolta Romániát, a Ploieşti környéki kőolaj kitermelést teljesen a német cégek vették át, míg a román lakosságot élelmiszer leadásra kötelezték. A békeszerződésben foglaltak betartását a Központi Hatalmak csapatai hat megszálló hadosztállyal biztosították.

A bukaresti békeszerződéssel Románia számára az első világháború gyakorlatilag véget ért. A háború befejezése előtt egy nappal, 1918. november 10-én Románia azonban ismét hadat üzent Németországnak, így mégis a győztes oldalon fejezhette be a háborút.

Jegyzetek

 Források
 Pilisi Lajos: A megrohant és felszabadított Erdély (Auktor, 2005)
 Nagybaczoni Nagy Vilmos: A Románia elleni hadjárat 1916–1917'' (M. Kir. Honvédelmi Minisztérium, 1922)
 Hitchins, Keith: România (1866–1947), Humanitas Könyvkiadó, Bukarest, 1998.

Erdély történelme
1916 hadműveletei
Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia az első világháborúban
Németország az első világháborúban
Románia az első világháborúban
Bulgária az első világháborúban
Oroszország az első világháborúban

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Wow, what a great kid!!!
I forwarded it to all my friends!
OMG! Exactly my sentiments, and it's so well done too. E-mail forwards are one of my top pet-peeves.
IME they've been coming close to extinct with Facebook.
Not for the old school folk.
I don't think I'll send it to any of them email friends though, I don't want to hurt them. Maybe those that can take a joke, they;ll have a good lough!
lol that was done very well!


The latter issued a mandate to the semiconductor maker to license out its modem chip patents to rival chipmakers.
Each industry player may have a preferred technology that they're developing and can also have multiple patents for that technology. However, for a standard to be defined, one of those technologies needs to be chosen.
The commission argued that Qualcomm had voluntarily committed to the FRAND (free and non-discriminatory) licensing requirements of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATUS), and those agreements required it to offer licences to competitors where patents covered standards-essential technology. It appears that Qualcomm might be forced to share some of its patents, according to a recent federal court ruling reported by the Verge. This is roughly what Qualcomm is doing with modems, allowing companies to use its technologies if they agree with its terms (usually that means buying Qualcomm chips) or pay expensive licensing fees. Not doing that would allow Qualcomm "to achieve a monopoly in the modem chip market and limit competing implementations of those components." the court explained.
Whether the ruling will directly affect Qualcomm's success in flogging modem chips has yet to be seen, given the likes of Intel have their own wireless comms tech.
Opening up the patent is also a source of good news to companies like Apple and Samsung. In its lawsuit, FTC accused Qualcomm of overcharging customers, such as Apple, for its patents.
This court case is running parallel to a legal battle between Qualcomm and Apple. And the ruling's impact should be even more positive for shoppers if the court eventually rules that Qualcomm should charge reasonable rates for those modem patents.


text:
Q: Install Oracle 12c on Oracle Linux 6.7 port in use I have attempted to install Oracle 12.1.0.2.0 on Oracle Linux 6.7 multiple times without success.  I have installed the database software only with the configuration assistant and am attempting to configure the listener with the net configuration assistant (netca).  I go through the steps and the netca hangs and eventually fails on the standard port saying it is in use by another process.  I have checked the ports (sudo ss -tulw) and know this is not true.  I have searched and have seen similar problems that seem to be associated with either the .bash_profile or /etc/hosts files not being set correctly.  I have checked both of those files and do not see any issue, but I am new to setting up a DB so please see below for any possible errors:
/etc/hosts
#127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.1.77 ggsrv1.localdomain ggsrv1
192.168.1.78 ggsrv2.localdomain ggsrv2

I am attempting to set up 2 databases to try out Oracle GoldenGate. so ggsrv1 is the current database I am trying to install and ggsrv2 is the other database I hope to install, an a second vm.
.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ggsrv1.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=db1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=db1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

I am able to start up dbca and netca from the terminal so I feel the paths are set correctly.  Is there something above that I am not seeing or could there be another possible issue?
lsnrctl start output
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 04-SEP-2019 07:44:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ggsrv1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ggsrv1.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12535: TNS:operation timed out
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00505: Operation timed out

the contents of /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ggsrv1/listener/alert/log.xml show that it is listening on the post in /etc/hosts.
Any help is greatly appreciated.  Thank you
Edit
I did not have a listener.ora file so I created one that looked like the below.
LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ggsrv1.localdomain)(PORT=1521))
      ))

 SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = db1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1)
    )
)

I then ran the below with the following output:
[oracle@ggsrv1 admin]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 05-SEP-2019 10:24:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ggsrv1/listener/alert/log.xml
TNS-01150: The address of the specified listener name is incorrect

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

I do not have a sqlnet.ora file, and do not know what it is, but I will investigate now.
Edit 2
After reading about the files located in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin it seems like I do not need these if I accept the system defaults correct?
I have added a listener.ora and tnsnames.ora files anyways, but I still cannot start the listener:
TNS-01150: The address of the specified listener name is incorrect
the contents of my tnsnames.ora file:
db1 = (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ggsrv1.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db1)
    )
  )

ifconfig output
  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:D0:AE:EC
          inet addr:10.0.2.15  Bcast:10.0.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fed0:aeec/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:44741 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:32187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:30928622 (29.4 MiB)  TX bytes:5468976 (5.2 MiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:480 (480.0 b)  TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)

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