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Tag: health reform
The Kaiser Permanente Model and Health Reform's Unfinished Business
Oct 1, 2014 • 20
By JEFF GOLDSMITH
For decades, health policymakers considered Kaiser Permanente the lode star of delivery system reform. Yet by the end of 1999, the nation's oldest and largest group model HMO had experienced almost three years of significant operating losses, the first in the plan's history. It was struggling to implement a functional electronic health record, and had a reputation for inconsistent customer service. But most seriously, it faced deep divisions between management and the leadership of its powerful Permanente Federation, which represents Kaiser's more than 17,000 physicians, over both strategic direction and operations of the plan.
Against this backdrop, Kaiser surprised the health plan community by announcing in March 2002 the selection of a non-physician, George Halvorson, as its new CEO. Halvorson had spent most of his career in the Twin Cities, most recently as CEO of HealthPartners, a successful mixed model health plan. Halvorson's reputation was as a product innovator; he not only developed a prototype of the consumer-directed health plan in the mid-1990's, but also population health improvement objectives for its membership, both firsts in the industry.
A Swedish Country Doctor's Proposal for Health Insurance Reform
May 4, 2014 • 7
By HANS DUVEFELT, MD
In the forty years since I started medical school, I have worked in socialized medicine, student health, a cash-only practice and a traditional fee for service small group practice. The bulk of my experience has been in a government-sponsored rural health clinic, working for an underserved, underinsured rural population.
Today, I will pull together the threads from my previous posts in the series "How Should Doctors Get Paid?" I will make a couple of concrete suggestions, borrowing from all the places I have worked and from the latest trends among the doctors who are revolting against the insurance companies by starting Concierge Medicine and Direct Primary Care practices.
Because I am a primary care physician, I will mostly speak of how I think primary care physicians should be paid.
I will expand on these concepts below, but here are the main points:
1) Have the insurance company provide a flat rate in the $500/year range to patients' freely chosen Primary Care Provider, similar to membership fees in Direct Care Medical Practices.
2) Provide a prepaid card for basic healthcare, free from billing expenses and administration.
3) Unused balances can be rolled over to the following years, letting patients "save" money to cover copays for future elective procedures.
4) Keep prior authorizations for big-ticket items, both testing and procedures, if necessary for the health of the system.
5) Keep specialty care fee-for-service.
6) Have a national debate about where health care ends and life enhancement begins and who should pay for what.
Health insurance needs to be simple to understand and administer. It needs to promote wellness, and it needs to remove barriers from seeking advice or care early in the course of disease. It needs to empower patients to use health care services wisely by aligning patients' and providers' incentives.
Health insurance should not be deceptive. It should not promise to pay for screenings (colonoscopies and mammograms) and stop paying if the screening reveals a problem (colon polyps or breast cancer). It should offer patients the right to set their own priorities for their health while demanding concern for our fellow citizens' right to also receive care.
What Do Millennials Want from the Healthcare System?
Mar 18, 2014 • 54
By Paul Keckley
The 18-34 year old segment of our population is large, growing and important in our society. They are 80 million strong. Their attitudes, beliefs, values and actions are re-shaping the way every organization, business and institution thinks about its future.
According to a Pew Research report released last week, Millennials are independents and skeptics: 50% have no political affiliation, 29% no religious affiliation, and 19% say they do not trust established institutions to do the right things (versus 40% for Baby Boomers).
Millennials worry about money. A study by the Investor Education Foundation of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority concluded that their concerns about their auto, credit card and school debt trump other issues.
Most think economic stability should come before marriage and family life. Half who went to college have a student loan to repay, and one third moved into the homes of their parents at some point to make ends meet.
And they worry about the future. Paul Taylor's The Next America: Boomers, Millennials, and the Looming Generational Showdown predicts economic battle between Millennials and Baby Boomers:
"Every family, on some level, is a barter between the generations…If I care for you when you're young so you'll care for me when I'm old…But many Millennials won't be able to afford that…The young today are paying taxes to support a level of benefits for the old that they themselves have no prospect of receiving when they become old."
Pew survey data supports his contention:
51% of Millennials do not think there will be any money for them in the Social Security system by the time they retire.
39% believe they'll get reduced benefits
So what do Millennials want from the health system? Their view is likely to disrupt how industry leaders operate their businesses and how policymakers make laws that govern its commerce.
Can Hospitals Survive? Part II
In 1980, while working at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, I wrote an article for the Harvard Business Review entitled "The Health Care Market: Can Hospitals Survive?". This article, and the book which followed, argued that hospitals faced a tripartite existential threat:
1) ambulatory technologies that would enable physicians to compete successfully with hospitals at lower cost in their offices or freestanding settings, 2) post-acute technologies that would enable presently hospitalized patients to be managed at home and 3) rapidly growing managed care plans that would "ration" inpatient care and bargain aggressively to pay less for the care actually provided.
I predicted a significant decline in inpatient care in the future, and urged hospitals to diversify aggressively into ambulatory and post acute services. Many did so. A smaller number, led by organizations like Henry Ford Health System of Detroit and Utah's Intermountain Health Care, also sponsored health insurance plans and became what are called today "Integrated Delivery Networks" (IDN's).
In the ensuing thirty years, US hospital inpatient census fell more than 30%, despite ninety million more Americans. However, hospitals' ambulatory services volume more than tripled, more than offsetting the inpatient losses; the hospital industry's total revenues grew almost ten fold.
Ironically, this ambulatory care explosion is now the main reason why healthcare in the US costs so much more than in other countries. We use far fewer days of inpatient care than any other country in the world. But as the McKinsey Global Institute showed in 2008 ambulatory spending accounts for two thirds of the difference between what the US spends on healthcare and what other countries spend, far outstripping the contribution of higher drug prices or our multi-payer health financing system.
Metrics: Surprisingly, People Who Were Uninsured Last Year Remain Undecided About the ACA
Mar 1, 2014 • 7
By Katherine Grace Carman
Since mid-December, we've brought you the latest data on public opinion of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) from the RAND Health Reform Opinion Study (RHROS), a new way to measure public opinion of health reform. The RHROS allows us to observe true changes in opinion by surveying the same people over time.
The trend of overall stability masking churn in individual opinion that we discussed last week has continued with our latest data. This week, however, we delve deeper to look at differences in opinion between two groups: those who had insurance in 2013 and those who did not.
Understanding how the ACA impacts these groups differently is particularly important. While the ACA is currently changing the landscape of health insurance, its impact should be especially pronounced for Americans who lacked access to insurance through their employer or government programs in 2013.
The following graph illustrates the opinions over time of all individuals who had insurance, regardless of the source.
This includes those who had coverage through their employer, purchased it on the private market, or received it through a variety of government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid.
This group represents about 85 percent of the overall sample.
This graph shows opinion of the ACA among those who were uninsured in 2013:
At first glance, what's striking about these two graphs is how similar they are—more on that in a moment—but there are actually some very important differences.
What the New York Times Got Wrong about Medicare's Innovation Center
Feb 5, 2014 • 2
By Dan Diamond
Since CMS's Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched three years ago, its staff have been frequently hailed for undertaking an ambitious research agenda.
But a New York Times story this week was eye-catching for a different reason: author Gina Kolata mostly assailed Medicare's researchers for how they're choosing to do that research.
"Experts say the center is now squandering a crucial opportunity," Kolata wrote in a front-page article. "Many researchers and economists are disturbed that [CMMI] is not using randomized clinical trials, the rigorous method that is widely considered the gold standard in medical and social science research."
But many researchers and economists that I talked to at this week's Academy Health conference say that's not the case at all. (And some were disturbed to learn that they were supposed to be disturbed.)
"RCTs are helpful in answering narrowly tailored questions," Harvard's Ashish Jha told me. "Something like—does aspirin reduce 30-day mortality rates for heart attack patients."
"However, for many interventions, RCTs may be either not feasible or practical."
"While RCTs may be the gold standard for testing some hypotheses, it is not necessarily the most effective or desirable model for testing all hypotheses," agrees Piper Su, the Advisory Board's vice president of health policy.
CMMI's ambitious goals
On its surface, Kolata's article is built around a reasonable conclusion: RCTs offer plenty of value in health care, and we'd benefit from more of them.
As Jha alludes to, think of a double-blinded pharmaceutical study where half the participants randomly get a new drug and the other half get a placebo; that's an RCT.
The famous RAND study that found having health insurance changes patients' behavior: An RCT.
The ongoing Oregon Health Insurance Experiment: Also, an RCT.
And it's fair to examine how CMMI is pursuing its research, too.
Twelve Things We're Pretty Sure We'll See Happen In Health Care In 2014
Jan 3, 2014 • 12
By Jaan Sidorov, MD
While your humble columnist eschewed forecasting for 2013, he has decided to reverse course and inaugurate the 2014 blogging season with a contrarian duodecimal exercise in futurism. Will this antidecimal augury align with the mysterious cosmic order and governing perfection? Let the readers be the judge in January 2015……
1. Obamacare will neither succeed or fail. This hugely complex law will have too many outcomes, statistics and analyses that will be subject to too much spin by both supporters and detractors. Like puppies clamoring for the mother's attention, the loudest wins, but only in 15 minute media increments.
2. Inflation returns, with a vengeance: While we won't know it until well into 2015 or 2016, 2014 will be the year that the sleeping giant of healthcare costs awakens. Millions of new insureds in an improving economy will finally get their pent-up pricey preference-sensitive health care needs fulfilled.
3. Duh, it's the delays stupid: While low income Americans will appreciate having access to subsidized health insurance and Medicaid, the middle class' unsubsidized sticker shock will threaten the fall 2014 elections. Caught between conflicting advice of insurance actuaries and political hacks, the White House's regulatory choices will be obvious.
4. Commercial scientific misconduct: Unable to resist the allure of bonus payments (like this) or the branding that is dependent on the public release of quality outcomes, at least one large health entity will be caught committing "reporting fraud."
5. Snowden blow-back: as the promise of big-data grows, fearful health care consumers will be even less inclined toward allowing access to their health information. Too bad they won't be given a say.
6. Innovator's Dilemma for health tech: solutions that are simple, transparent and modular will continue to make 'from the bottom' inroads into a tech industry that – like early data storage – is too complex, opaque and entangled.
7. Speaking of health tech, patient-monitoring solutions that offer more insight and less data will grab market share. Instead of a series of blood glucose results dumped into an electronic inbox, think algorithms that suggest insulin dose adjustments.
What We Don't Know Can Hurt Us
Dec 18, 2013 • 32
By David Dranove & Craig Garthwaite
As the health insurance exchanges find their footing and potentially millions of Americans gain access to insurance, this may be a good time to step back and take a longer term view of the ACA. When you get down to it, expanding health insurance coverage was the easiest and least controversial part of health reform. There is no shortage of ways to expand health coverage and almost any credible health reform proposal would have done the job, provided enough money was thrown at the problem.
In designing the ACA, perhaps as a result of political pressure, President Obama opted for a combination of heavily subsidized individual insurance exchanges and generous expansions of Medicaid. Freed from political constraints, he might have instead pushed for the single payer system that many of his most ardent supporters desired. Republicans inclined to expand coverage (at least one of us is proof that unlike the unicorn these do exist) might have pushed for a pure voucher program that harnessed market forces.
All of these options would expand coverage to the degree that policymakers were willing to fund them. So while we congratulate the President for his political success (we doubt the other options could have made it through Congress), it is a simplistic mistake to evaluate the implementation of the ACA by counting the numbers of uninsured or waiting for the monthly updates on the enrollment figures from the exchanges website. Any regulator with a big enough purse can, in the fullness of time, expand access. Frankly, that's the "easy" part of healthcare reform.
But what about the other elements of the so-called "triple aim" of health reform: cost and quality? You see, while we agree that liberal, moderate, and conservative health reforms can all improve coverage, they each will have very different effects on the other important outcomes. Consider for example the oft-discussed "Medicare for all"; i.e. a single payer system. This would increase access without the messiness of the exchanges. It would also allow the government to flex its monopsonistic muscles and quickly reduce costs – though likely at the expense of quality. In contrast, relying on markets may not reduce costs in the short run, and may not necessarily reward real quality (though it has a better short than single payer in this regard).
Evaluating health reform in the context of the "Triple Aim" is important, but even that approach is not nearly enough. There is a broad consensus among that technological change is the most important long run driver of cost and quality. It follows that the most important element of health reform is its impact on technological change.
To understand how technological change affects all of us, consider the profound impact of the top ten medical advances in the last ten years, as listed by CNN:
1.	Sequencing the human genome
2.	Stem cell research
3.	HIV cocktails
4.	Targeted cancer therapies.
5.	Laparoscopic surgery
‹ Newer 1 2


Hey, I'm just a kid! What do you have for me???
Try the The Junior Ranger Program and earn a badge, walk some of the 18 miles of the interpretive trails or during the summer months watching the artillery demonstrations are always a favorite. Scouts can earn patches by hiking the trails or conducting a service project. For more information contact the visitor center.
Wanna be a Jr. Ranger?
Hey kids, do you want to remember your trip to Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield for years to come? Here's your chance. Purchase a Jr. Ranger booklet for only $3.00 in the bookstore and you're ready to go. After completing the activities in the Junior Ranger book, you will receive a Junior Ranger badge and have a National Park Ranger sign and present a certificate to our newest Jr. Ranger.
Complete the activities to earn your badge.


These sizes can be purchased at most hardware stores and can be changed to suit your design.
The cuts can be done with a handsaw, circular saw, or mitre saw. If you can use a stop block to ensure all the legs and rails are the same length that going to help too.
Start by cutting the 4 legs, then move onto the 8 rails, then the single cross rail.
In step 2 you'll cut the half lap joins. These are a strong yet simple joins. If you're using a circular saw spend some time dialing in the depth. Once you have it setup you'll make all the cuts on the same setting.
Start with the legs and line all of them up to get cut at one time. This will speed up the process but also give your saw more surface area to rest on.
Make a sequence of cuts, roughly 5mm apart, then knock them out using a mallet.
An easy way to clean up the surface is to run a circular saw back and forth sideways. Make sure to wear eye protection for this cut because chips tend to fly everywhere when you do this.
Once the legs are done move onto the rails. Pay attention to the drawing here because the cuts aren't the same at the end of each rail.
Begin step 3 by marking each half lap join so when you go back and fine tune them with a chisel you know which belongs to what.
I found it easiest to glue each join as I finished with it. Spread the glue in the join before clamping. I've always used my finger because I always have one on hand, but you can use a brush. Use a single clamp to hold it in place while the glue dries and make sure they dry at a 90 degree angle. You can check this with a speed square.
Once the glue dries in each joint drill an 8mm hole and insert a dowel right through. Make sure to apply glue to the hole and dowel, because this spreads a the glue a lot better.
I'd suggest starting with the corner rails then add the legs to them.
In step 4 we assemble the table top. This is made up of 2 pieces of timber with the same measurements. I used 2 285 millimetre wide boards, but you could also use a laminated top.
Line them up with each other along the long edge and clamp them together using a few clamps. You want both boards as tight together as possible.
Then attach your hinges. I used a router to mortise mine but you could also use a chisel. There's lots of ways to attach hinges so I won't go into that detail in this Instructable.
With the boards still clamped together pre drill holes for the hinges. I used a self entering bit, or a 'Vix bit', and this makes sure the hinge is centred exactly where you want it.
Now lie the table top down and cut to width. Generally a board is a little longer than it's described length so you can cut it back to an exact length. In this case cut the board to 1200mm. Keep the boards clamped so they are exactly the same length after the cut and if you're using a circular saw make sure to apply some masking tape before cutting to avoid any blowout.
Then go ahead and dismantle the top.
In step 5 we'll start by sanding all the pieces. Once that's done you can apply a finish, or in my case, stain first and then finish. I used an oil based walnut stain, then applied 2 coats of polyurethane.
When everything has had a chance to dry we'll start by attaching the 2 legs to the centre rail. Place all the pieces upside down on a flat surface and line them up against a straight edge. Once they're in place clamp them down.
Now screw in the 2 strap hinges and then place the leg assembly on the bottom half of the table top and centre it against the back edge.
When you're happy it all looks good screw the cross rail into the table top making sure the screws don't go all the way through.
Now flip everything over and attach the hinges and top half of the table top.
You'll also want to add 4 stop blocks, a pair for the closed position and and another pair for the open position. This makes it a lot easier changing the tables configuration.


One of the most basic forms of argument, believe it or not, is satire. How many times in a playground have kids made fun of something somebody has said or done?
Satire can take many forms, and its use in argument is tricky, because satire can easily fall into the logical lie of emotional language. Sharp satire – satire that really scores points against its target – can be, however, one of the most powerful and effective tools in argument.
On a recent episode of the HBO political humor show "Real Time," a fake commercial began the show. It showed a series of obviously very wealthy young people. While showing one, the voice-over said that this "poor young man" had been expecting to inherit 7 million dollars, but after the death tax, he'd be lucky to get only 6.4 million.
In other words, this fake commercial used satire to make fun of the opponents of the estate tax by using the same kind of language and visual techniques that are used to do commercials for real charities.


A previously issued Client Alert advised that on July 6, 2015, the Department of Labor (DOL) proposed a new rule that would update the FLSA's overtime exemptions. That new rule was released on May 18th and will become effective as of December 1, 2016.
Under the FLSA, employers must pay employees overtime pay at a rate of time-and-a-half, but certain employees are exempt from the overtime pay rate. The "White Collar Exemption" applies to executive, administrative, professional, outside sales, and computer employees who are paid a predetermined salary. Previously if these employees made more than $455 per week ($23,660 per year) and met the duties test they were exempt from the overtime pay requirement. The DOL's new overtime rule increases that threshold to $913 per week ($47,476 per year). Future salary thresholds will be subject to inflation, and every three years the threshold will rise to the 40th wage percentile for full-time salaried workers in the country's lowest-wage region.
In addition, the new rule allows for the inclusion of nondiscretionary fringe benefits (including nondiscretionary bonuses, incentive payments and commissions) to satisfy up to 10 percent of the standard salary level. To be included, these payments must be made on a quarterly or more frequent basis, but an employer is permitted to make a "catch-up" payment.
The final rule is not changing any of the existing job duty requirements to qualify for exemption; both the standard duties test and the HCE duties test remain unchanged.
Some health care providers that rely predominantly on Medicaid funding will not be subject to the new overtime rule until March 17, 2019. This "non-enforcement policy" period is due to limited funding concerns caused by the newly implemented requirements to make necessary enhancements to Medicaid home and community based systems.
• some combination of all the above.
Nothing in the new rule requires employers to change employees' pay to hourly from salaried even if an employees' classification changes from exempt to overtime eligible.
If you have questions about the impact of the DOL's new overtime rule or how to implement any of the requirements mentioned above, contact a member of MacDonald Illig's Employment and Labor Practice Group.
The final rule is not changing any of the existing job duty requirements to qualify for exemption; the standard duties test remains unchanged.


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Regulation and Resources | 4
Foreign Policy and National Security | 4
Climate Energy and the Environment | 4
Economy & the Welfare State | 9
Urbanisation | 3
Inclusive Citizenship | 3
Federalism | 4
Understanding Land Conflict in India and Suggestions for Reform
Policy Challenges 2019-2024:
The Key Policy Questions for the New Government and Possible Pathways
Rapid urbanization; growing energy demands; environmental degradation; declining agricultural productivity; weak human capital; generating productive jobs; new security threats; and re-positioning India in a changing global order – the new government takes charge at an important policy juncture. This document is an effort to spark debate and ideas on how India can negotiate these challenges and build a cutting edge 21st century policy environment.
Policy Challenges 2019-2024.pdf
Namita Wahi
An estimated 7.7 million people in India are affected by conflict over 2.5 million hectares of land, threatening investments worth $ 200 billion.[i] Land disputes clog all levels of courts in India, and account for the largest set of cases in terms of both absolute numbers and judicial pendency. About 25% of all cases decided by the Supreme Court involve land disputes, of which 30% concern disputes relating to land acquisition.[ii] Again, 66% of all civil cases in India are related to land/property disputes.[iii] The average pendency of a land acquisition dispute, from creation of the dispute to resolution by the Supreme Court, is 20 years.[iv] Since land is central to India's developmental trajectory, finding a solution to land conflict is one of the foremost policy challenges for India.
Understanding Incidence and Pendency of Land Conflict in India
Legislative and administrative factors are responsible for the high incidence of legal and extralegal conflicts over land, and judicial factors are behind the pendency of land disputes. Competing historical and current policy narratives of property rights over land, have resulted in the coexistence of numerous, conflicting laws leading to legal disputes over land. This is the legislative factor. This problem is compounded by administrative failure to comply with the rule of law. This is the administrative factor. The pendency of conflict, in turn, is a result of legal and evidentiary barriers in bringing land disputes to court, largely due to administrative and judicial incapacity; this prevents expeditious resolution of land disputes. This is the judicial factor.
Conflicting narratives, policies and land laws create land disputes
There are two conflicting narratives about ownership and management of land in India. The first narrative – inherited from the British colonial state[v] – views common land, or land that is not privately owned, as merely a commodity, no different from labour and capital, with the state as the ultimate owner.[vi] This claim to ultimate ownership gives the state the power to redistribute land at will, as largesse to selected beneficiaries.[vii] Such state acquisition of land has historically been the source of considerable dispute. According to estimates by CPR's Land Rights Initiative (LRI), these disputes constitute 30% of all land litigation in the Supreme Court over the past 70 years. LRI's comprehensive study of land acquisition litigation before the Supreme Court over a 66-year period, from 1950 to 2016, reveals that all litigation is with respect to privately held land. In contrast, data from the Land Conflict Watch project reveals that the vast majority of current, on-ground, extralegal conflict over land is with respect to common lands.[viii] Thus, it is clear that in the face of state acquisition of land, when people have legally recognized land rights, they go to court. Where their rights are insufficiently recognized by law, they protest on the ground.
The second narrative – articulated by the 'people', including farmers, both landowners and tenants; and other traditional communities, such as cattle grazers, forest dwellers, tribals and fisherfolk – views land as an economic, social and cultural resource over which multiple groups exercise property rights. Usually, after intense on-ground contestation, the property rights of certain groups like Scheduled Tribes (STs)and tenants have been protected by the Constitution[ix] and statute,[x] while in case of other groups like fisherfolk,[xi] their rights are protected by custom and, often, executive action.
As a consequence of these two historically competing policy narratives, the constitutional, legislative and administrative framework governing land is as fragmented as the land holdings in India.[xii] Enacted at different points of time, land laws clash with each other, because they seek to articulate in law these two competing narratives. For instance, the provisions of the Forest Rights Act, 2006, are in conflict with those of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, and are also threatened by proposed amendments to the Indian Forest Act.[xiii] Legal conflicts also arise when laws are enacted or amended at different times to appease different stakeholders. For instance, the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act has, in the five years since it came into force, been amended by seven state legislatures.[xiv] This will likely create more legal disputes with respect to land acquisition, because the original RFCTLARR Act provisions had been included with a view to addressing growing conflict over land acquisition.[xv] Moreover, in many states, we find laws that provide for eviction of unauthorized occupants over public lands coexisting with laws that provide for regularization of unauthorized occupation, thereby creating potential for dispute/conflict at the level of law itself.[xvi]
Finally, the legislative landscape is complicated by the fact that many subjects pertaining to 'land' are in the 'state' and 'concurrent' lists of the Constitution, leading to a multiplicity of original and active land laws.[xvii] Yet, there is no official comprehensive database of all land laws in India. A first of its kind, ongoing LRI study estimates that India has over a thousand original and active central and state land laws.[xviii]
The problem of 'multiple laws' is exacerbated by the fact that these laws are administered by numerous government ministries at the central level, and departments at the state level. These include, for instance, the ministries of Law and Justice, Rural Development, Mining, Industries, Infrastructure, Urban Development, Tribal Affairs, Home Affairs and Defence.
Administrative non-compliance with law also creates and prolongs land disputes
Where laws are clear, disputes and conflicts arise because of administrative non-compliance with the rule of law due to both unwillingness and incapacity. The LRI study of all Supreme Court cases on land acquisition during 1950-2016 shows that 95% of the disputes arose because of administrative non-compliance with the legal procedure for acquisition of land, including the process of computation of market value compensation for land acquired.[xix] Around 34% of the disputes involved irregularities in completion of the procedure for acquisition. Almost half of such cases concerned with procedural irregularities involved administrative unwillingness to comply with the rule of law. The remaining half of the cases involved administrative incapacity to comply with the rule of law, in part because of governmental failure to regularly update administrative manuals based on changes in the law. Moreover, the government was more likely to lose than win these land disputes before the Supreme Court.[xx]
Additionally, since colonial times, land in India has been broadly administered by the revenue and forest departments. But there have also always existed disputes between both departments as to which land belongs to which department. This in turn creates and prolongs land disputes.
Finally, legal disputes over land are also created by evidentiary barriers for establishing rights over land in the absence of documentary proof[xxi] because of outdated/no land surveys[xxii] and inaccurate/outdated land records[xxiii] in most states. The Department of Land Resources has sought to resolve the problem of inaccurate land records through the 'Digitisation of Land Records Modernisation Programme'. However, unless the government makes a serious attempt to update land records on the ground to reflect the property rights of all landowners, digitizing them would not eliminate the problem of inaccurate land records.
Judicial reasons cause pendency of land disputes
Once a land dispute goes to court, serious judicial incapacity leads to pendency of disputes. First, a major cause for pendency of all disputes is India's low judge-to-people ratio.[xxiv] Land cases form more than half of all civil cases and constitute over a quarter of cases before the Supreme Court; they also have the longest pendency compared to other cases. Hence low judge-to-people ratio particularly prolongs resolution of land disputes. Second, the judiciary, particularly at its lowest levels, lacks the financial, technical and infrastuctural capacity necessary to resolve disputes quickly.[xxv] Finally, poor enforcement of court decisions by the government, and limited judicial capacity to follow up on such enforcement, especially when such decisions go against the government, also lead to prolonging of land disputes.
Policy Recommendations for Reducing Incidence and Pendency of Land Disputes
Eliminate legal conflicts. No government has ever attempted an exercise to rationalize existing land laws. But this is the need of the hour. The Law Ministry and Law Commission are best positioned to conduct or commission such an exercise. This would involve, first, the creation of an exhaustive database of all land laws in India. Once such a database of laws is created, the Law Ministry and Law Commission must identify, and Parliament must repeal, laws that deny rights of certain groups of people, particularly women,[xxvi] and eliminate genuine conflicts between laws.
Improve administrative willingness and capacity to implement the rule of law: The government must take steps to ensure greater administrative capacity and willingness to implement the rule of law. In addition, we need greater coordination between government departments dealing with land, transparency of land administration, and better access to land data. This can be achieved by undertaking the following measures.
The Department of Land Resources, currently under the Ministry of Rural Development, is the nodal agency for coordination of land policy across states. But land is not merely a rural concern. As India becomes increasingly urbanized, the government needs to have a more comprehensive imagination of land requirements for rural and urban populations. The creation of a separate Ministry of Land to serve as the nodal agency for coordinating land policy across different types of land is critical.
There needs to be a coordinated effort between the Ministry of Law and Justice, Department of Land Records, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, state boards of revenue, and state forest departments to resolve conflicting land laws and streamline land administration.
All government departments dealing with land, and particularly those involved in land acquisition, must update administrative manuals in accordance with changes in legislation and judicial precedent.
Through dedicated interdepartmental meetings and other coordination, government must resolve land boundary disputes between the revenue and forest departments.
The government must devote financial and technical resources to conduct land surveys and update paper records to reflect property rights of all the people, as opposed to digitization of existing records that are substantially inaccurate.
The government must ensure better skills training so that officials dealing with land have both the knowledge and the capacity to implement the rule of law. Institutional mechanisms should be designed to incentivize compliance with, not defiance of, the rule of law.
Given the low success rate of government appeals, the government must carefully evaluate the likelihood of success of an appeal before pursuing it. Government officials must be incentivized to not appeal cases that have little likelihood of success following such an evaluation. This would go a long way in reducing pendency of land disputes.
The government must wholly commit to transparent land administration and comply with its obligations under the Right to Information Act, 2005, to make digitally accessible all land laws, executive notifications, rules, circulars, etc. pertaining to land administration. In addition, the government must open up to public scrutiny departmental data on compliance with land laws.
In addition to legislative and administrative reforms, judicial reforms can go a long way towards reducing the pendency of land litigation in India. The first step in this direction would be the implementation of key recommendations of the Law Commission.[xxvii] These include:
Changing the base for determining sanctioned posts for judges from 'Judge: Population Ratio' to 'Rate of Disposal Method[xxviii]
Filling up all existing vacancies
Increasing the retirement age of subordinate judges to 62; and those of High Court and Supreme Court judges to 65 and 68 years respectively.
Greater financial allocations to the lower and higher judiciary, to enable infrastructure, technical and skills upgradation
Some states like Bihar have created separate land tribunals for expeditious resolution of land revenue cases. This model should be studied, and if found effective, should be replicated in other states.
Land conflict in India, both legal and extralegal, has existed from colonial times because of the imposition by the British state of the notion that all land not privately held belongs to the 'state'. This concept has been continuously resisted by the 'people' who were disempowered by the colonial state's deprivation of their legal property rights under precolonial administration. Over time, competing 'state' and 'people' narratives over land have led to conflicting policy and legal interventions. This has, in turn, led to legal disputes over land. Even when laws are clear, administrative failure to comply with the rule of law, due to unwillingness and incapacity, contributes to the incidence and pendency of land disputes. Serious judicial incapacity in turn prolongs pendency of land disputes.
Due to the increasing population pressure on land, and the corresponding demand for land to fuel the development engine, the scale and scope of land conflict today has assumed gigantic proportions, stalling development projects and threatening livelihoods and investments. Equitable and efficient intergenerational management of land is necessary not just for India's economic development, but also for its political and social stability. Therefore, working towards resolving land conflict, in light of the above policy recommendations, is an imperative agenda for the new government.
[i] Land Conflict Watch, https://www.landconflictwatch.org/.
[ii] This is based on preliminary findings from a CPR Land Rights Initiative study, and is also consistent with findings from a comprehensive quantitative study of the Supreme Court's caseload between 1993 and 2011. See Nick Robinson, 'A Quantitative Analysis of the Indian Supreme Court's Workload', Journal of Empirical Legal Studies,10(3) (2003): 570-601.
[iii] Daksh, 'Access to Justice Survey, 2016', http://dakshindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Daksh-access-to-justice-survey.pdf.
[iv] Namita Wahi et al., 'Land Acquisition in India: A Review of Supreme Court Cases from 1950 to 2016' (New Delhi: CPR, 2017).
[v] Articles 294 and 295 of the Indian Constitution stipulate that the Indian state succeeds to all property, claims and assets of the British state.
[vi] B.H. Baden Powell, The Land Systems of British India (Oxford University Press: 1892); B.H. Baden Powell, A Manual of Jurisprudence for Forest Officers Being a Treatise on Forest Laws (Calcutta, 1882).
[vii] An LRI study estimates that there are 102 laws of land acquisition alone, including state amendments to the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Supra note 4.
[viii] 'Land Conflicts in India: An Interim Analysis', https://rightsandresources.org/en/publication/land-conflicts-india-interim-analysis/.
[ix] Article 244(1) and Article 244(2), read with the Fifth and Sixth Schedules respectively, create special protections for land rights of Scheduled Tribes in geographically demarcated areas, known as Scheduled Areas.
[x] Starting with the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885, almost each agrarian state has laws protecting tenancy rights. Similarly, the Forest Rights Act, 2006, recognizes land rights of Scheduled Tribes and other forest dwelling communities.
[xi] A prolonged movement has sought the enactment of a Fishing Rights Act, along the lines of the Forest Rights Act.
[xii] 86.21% of all land holdings in India are small and marginal holdings taken together (0.00-2.00 ha). See Census of India.
[xiii] Nitin Sethi et al., 'Modi government plans more draconian version of colonial-era Indian Forest Act', The Wire, 21 March 2019, https://thewire.in/rights/modi-government-plans-more-draconian-version-of-colonial-era-indian-forest-act
[xiv] These include the states of Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand. See Namita Wahi, 'How central and state governments diluted the historic land legislation of 2013', The Economic Times https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-central-and-state-governments-have-diluted-the-historic-land-legislation-of-2013/articleshow/63764378.cms.
[xv] Jairam Ramesh et al., Legislating for Justice: The Making of the 2013 Land Acquisition Law (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2015); Namita Wahi, 'The Story of Jairam Rajya' India Today, June 2015, https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/books/story/20150622-jairam-ramesh-land-acquisition-law-book-819874-2015-06-11.
[xvi] Ongoing LRI study on 'One Thousand Land Laws'.
[xvii] Article 246 read with the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
[xviii] CPR 'Land Laws' Database; see: https://www.cnbctv18.com/legal/hundreds-of-indian-land-laws-cause-confusion-conflict-researchers-2640041.htm.
[xix] Wahi et al., 'Land Acquisition in India'.
[xx] Ibid. p. 28.
[xxi] Sections 61-64 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, emphasize that documents must be proved by primary evidence, that is, presentation of the document itself. However, many people with legally recognized land rights do not have documentary proof for the same. This makes judicial resolution of land disputes extremely difficult.
[xxii] Much of the northeastern part of India, including the state of Assam, has never been fully surveyed. The last full land survey for the state of Bihar happened in 1950s-1960s.
[xxiii] Former Minister for Rural Development notes that the state's failure to fairly compensate those who lost land under the 1894 Act arose due to inaccurate land records, rampant undervaluation of sale deeds, and absence of land markets in many rural areas. See Ramesh et al., Legislating for Justice.
[xxiv] Two reports – the 245th Law Commission Report on 'Arrears and Backlog: Creating Additional Judicial (Wo)man) power' (2014), http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/Report_No.245.pdf, and the 230th Law Commission Report on 'Reforms in the Judiciary: Some Suggestions', http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/report230.pdf – highlight this as a major cause for disputes.
[xxv] Ibid.
[xxvi] Bina Agarwal, 'Gender and Legal Rights in Agricultural Land in India', Economic and Political Weekly A39 30(12) (March 1995).
[xxvii] Supra note 24. (Q: Pl give direct source)
[xxviii] 245th Law Commission Report, 29.
Regulation and Resorces_all pages.pdfRegulation and Resources
Regulating India's resources, be it land, water, ecology or the Internet, remains one of key challenges confronting the government today. In each case, the system is burdened with
archaic legal structures, cumbersome judiciary and bureaucracy and the inability or the lack of desire to adapt quickly. Be it an age-old problem like land ownership or an emerging domain like digital technologies, the Indian State's Achilles's heel remains the same – lack of rational and overarching regulatory frameworks. In the following essays, CPR faculty offer broad principles and specific suggestions to develop holistic approaches to deal with the
challenge of regulating India's resources.
Understanding Land Conflict in India and Suggestions for Reform by Namita Wahi.pdf
Protecting Water While Providing Water to All_ Need for Enabling Legislations by Philippe Culet.pdf
Protecting Water while Providing Water to All: Need for Enabling Legislations
Philippe Cullet
Safeguarding the Fragile Ecology of the Himalayas by Shyam Saran.pdf
Safeguarding the Fragile Ecology of the Himalayas
Shyam Saran
Regulating New Technologies_Three Central Principles.pdf
Regulating New Technologies: Three Central Principles
Ananth Padmanabhan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


- Project manages the development of design from inception to completion.
The UX Producer must be a fast-paced creative individual able to manage projects and introduce innovative strategies in a high performance environment. The UX Producer is responsible for managing and defining detailed project plans for the UX team. This includes driving internal as well as external stakeholders to ensure all creative/digital executions are managed and completed appropriately while supporting business objectives.
- Partners with Product, Engineering, Marketing and Design teams as appropriate.
- 3-5 years' experience in marketing or advertising.


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Hoek (Limburgs: D'n Hook) is een buurtschap van Roggel in de gemeente Leudal, in de Nederlandse provincie Limburg. Tot 2007 viel de buurtschap onder de gemeente Roggel en Neer.

Hoek is gelegen in het buitengebied ten noordwesten van Roggel, aan de gelijknamige weg tussen de N279 en de buurtschap Blenkert. De buurtschap wordt slechts gevormd door een vijftal boerderijen en woningen. Qua adressering valt het onder de woonplaats Roggel. Naburige buurtschappen zijn verder Nijken en Schans. Zuidwestelijk van het plaatsje stroomt van noord naar zuid de Roggelse Beek.

Geografie van Leudal
Buurtschap in Limburg (Nederland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Minimalism: Beyond the narrative
by Ben Dorey
in 40, July 2011
I am standing surrounded by bodies flailing in a field, the beat progressing ever forward at a steady tempo but creating the illusion of standing still. As the rhythms continue, their evolution barely perceptible, I remember a quote from John Cage - 'In Zen they say if something is boring after two minutes, try it for four. If still boring, try it for eight, sixteen, thirty two and so on. Eventually one discovers that it is not boring at all but very interesting.' Dance music, especially techno and its offshoots, has as a backbone a constant revolution of looping beats and bass that are presented unfettered by any narrative. No questions are asked of the music's emotional origins or of a story behind it - not because there is no tale behind its creation, but because such a thing is unimportant to the music. One of the underlying aims in musical minimalism is the distancing of the creator from the product. As minimal avant-gardist Tom Johnson put it to his pupils, 'I am not interested in autobiography'. Dance music has become one of the most lucrative facets of the music industry, with leading artists in the genre earning footballer's salaries for their efforts. Whether in Ibiza or any small town across Europe, you will find people convening to dance to music that seems at odds with trends in the rest of popular media. Whilst our lust for narrative in other mediums spirals ever onwards - whether in the form of TV series, popular novels or the weaving by news journalists of scattered events into grandiose stories - we are increasingly drawn to music without one. The re-establishment of this minimal mode of music is a relatively recent development in the canon of western music. In fact, it stands very much at odds with the dominant trend of ever increasing narrative that has been evident at least since Romanticism took a hold. Beethoven's famously emotive symphonies were revolutionary precisely because of the amount of himself he put into the music, with titles such as 'Eroica' for his third symphony suggesting lofty emotions and themes running above the score, the music itself a collection of signifiers for human experiences. As the 19th century progressed, leading composers moved towards more narrative forms, with opera and ballet being received for the first time as equal to symphony in worth, and symphony itself ever evolving into more romantic, narrative form. Mahler, one of the preeminent romantic symphonists, went so far as to use the literature of Goethe as a basis for his eighth symphony, employing a choir as well as an orchestra to enable verbal realisation of the stories behind his compositions. All of this music is brilliant, and I don't want to suggest some kind of hierarchy between different musical styles, but it interests me that for a prolonged period almost no western music was composed outside this linear style. In the 20th century ideas were explored that led away from such grandly structured narrative music. Jazz's extensive reliance on improvisation led to a less tightly controlled, more free-form story being told by the music, and as its explorations of musical possibilities went further often struck upon moments where the grander structures of music were eclipsed by the immediacy of repeating patterns. At the same time, blues musicians were relating the stories of centuries of oppression over the entrancing repetition of the twelve bar, and avant-gardist's such as Cage, Boulez and Stockhausen developed classical music which experimented with the repeating phrase to the point that some of their compositions can be seen as precursors to modern dance music. The next generation of popular musicians included figures who developed the music of repetition further, whether in the proto-electro of Kraftwerk or the adaptation of blues and jazz tropes into the cyclic grooves of disco. It only needed the pioneers of house and techno to strip down that music to discover at its skeletal essence a radically different form of composition. The steady, paradoxically timeless groove of constant tempo and repeating rhythm had returned to the music of the west, and though disco died we kept dancing. I won't attempt to put my finger on the reason why we have such a strong reaction to repetition. Whether you feel a gradual assimilation with the music through dance or enjoy the constant pond of sound in which you read the ripples is very much down to the individual. But in a world in which we are consciously and subconsciously conditioned to understand, by way of narrative, the minimal music of repetition - whether it's dance, ambient, avant-garde classical or the rhythmical folk traditions of Africa and the Indian subcontinent - provides us with an opportunity to meditate and briefly escape the complications of modern existence. In a society that sidelines achieving such states through religious or spiritual practice, this is no bad thing. )
Next article in issue 40
Illum Sphere: Long live the plan
Illum Sphere is Ryan Hunn, a Manchester resident in his early 20s with a somewhat original take on bass music. Stating his intentions with…
The Street Food Series: Clapping Seoul
In the first of our spotlights on Sheffield's best street food, Clapping Seoul told us what's on the menu.
Live / stage review "Skilfully suspenseful and darkly delightful": Nightmare Magic
Nightmare Magic by David Alnwick nestles itself somewhere between a one-man play, a magic show and piece of well-imagined storytelling. Paul Szabo reviews the horror-inspired event.
Yorkshire Gold: The rise of Bullion Chocolate
Sheffield's first and only 'bean-to-bar' craft chocolate maker is slowly but surely becoming an integral part of the city's food scene. Luke Owen Smith finds out more from founder Max Scotford.


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Mount Eden man ruled incompetent to stand trial
After a confidential hearing Thursday, a Mount Eden man accused in the stabbing death of his nephew was ruled incompetent to stand trial.
George T. Henderson allegedly stabbed his nephew, Phillip Ray Bentley Jr., two days before Christmas in 2007.
An order from Circuit Court Judge Charles Hickman, which was entered Friday, says, "Hearing held. Testimony taken by Dr. Drogin. Court finds [Henderson] incompetent to stand trial."
Henderson is now scheduled for a hearing on Aug. 4 at 9 a.m.
Mills Lyons stepping down from SCHS
Family has always been important to Spencer County High School Principal Jocelyn Mills Lyons.
But her father's recent and unexpected death, coupled with the reality of being her daughter's primary caretaker, inspired Mills Lyons to inspect and realign her priorities. Mills Lyons realized she had to step down from her post as SCHS principal in order to devote more time to her family, especially her daughter, Makiah, who will be a high school freshman this fall. Her resignation will be effective tomorrow.
COLUMN: Troubleshooting tomato problems
This time last year, I had some healthy looking tomato plants, which was a delight because in 2009, I had some disease issues.
Turned out that 2010 was a bust though because of all the crazy heat we had. This year, the garden and the tomatoes look promising, but I am always on the lookout for emerging problems. So far, the 2011 daytime and nighttime summer weather and temperatures are absolutely perfect for tomatoes.
Fun at the 4-H tractor contest
The 2011 Spencer County 4-H Tractor Contest was held on Friday, May 27th at the Spencer County Fairgrounds. The Spencer County Youth Service Center provided snacks for the group, which were greatly appreciated. All participants took a knowledge skill test, inspected the tractors, and drove through an obstacle course, while using the safety procedures that they learned at the tractor safety S.O.S. class, taught by Adam Butler and Todd Bivens this past March.
COLUMN: Producers likely have time to make more hay
Exceptionally wet weather delayed hay cutting this spring, but producers likely still have time to make enough hay to last them through the winter.
While many producers were able to make hay during the hot, dry weather the first two weeks of June, producers of alfalfa and alfalfa-mixed grasses were about a month behind with their first cutting. This delay will likely cost them one cutting this year.
CARTOON: The Far Middle
Two Spencer students make Center dean's list
Two local students were named to the winter/spring dean's list at Centre College, an honor reserved for students who maintain at least a 3.60 grade point average.
Whitney Brown is the daughter of Arnold and Melissa Brown of Taylorsville and is a graduate of Spencer County High School.
Amber Martin is the daughter of Kyle and Catherine Martin of Taylorsville and is a graduate of Spencer County High School.
Four graduate from McKendree
Graduates of McKendree University's Louisville and Radcliff campuses received their diplomas at commencement exercises June 11 at the Highview Baptist Church East Campus.
The class of 2011 undergraduates were the first McKendree "University" freshmen when the 183-year-old institution changed its name from McKendree "College" in 2007.
Sixty-eight of the 103 members of the class of 2011 from both Kentucky campuses participated in the ceremony.
Taylorsville graduates are:
Four local students make UK dean's list
The following Spencer County students were named to the dean's list at the University of Kentucky for the spring 2011 semester:
Taylor Ann Carden, pre-journalism freshman; Sarah Elizabeth Jones, communications junior; Alex Eugenia Poole, undergraduate studies freshman; Christopher Joseph Shouse, history junior; and Chelsea Elizabeth Sleep, psychology junior.
UK Public Relations provided the students' names, majors and classes.
Snider, Karrer make Georgetown dean's list
The following students have been named to the dean's list at Georgetown College for the 2011 spring semester:
Hannah Marie Snider of Mount Eden. Hannah is the daughter of Amos and Suzanne Snider of Mount Eden.
Rachel Christine Karrer of Taylorsville. Rachel is the daughter of Bill and Karen Karrer of Taylorsville.
The dean's list honors undergraduate students who completed the semester with at least 12 credit hours and a 3.7 GPA, according to Dr. Rosemary Allen, provost/academic dean.


Your website's load speed, which is the time it takes for your website to fully load when someone clicks on your URL, link, etc., is extremely important.
Because people are impatient—very impatient! Which means they won't wait more than two seconds before they click off and try another website that does load more quickly.
Think about the last time you visited a slow loading webpage. How long did you wait before clicking off and going to another website?
Types of Clients We Work With!
DUI Lawyers, Personal Injury Lawyers, Family Law Lawyers, Float Spas, Weight Loss Programs, Dental Implants, Zygomatic Dental Implants, Wealth Management Firms and much much more.


2018 State School of Character!
Riverview School educates the whole child by engaging all learners in a rigorous academic curricula and social–emotional character development. Our learning community fosters respectful, responsible, and empathetic citizens that are able to meet challenges with grit and grace.
Kindergarten Registration for 2019-2020 is now open.
*Riverview's hours are 8:40 am - 3:33 pm.
Looking for a family activity to do over the spring break?
There's still time to sign up for the Riverview Family Science Fair!
We are proud to announce year two of our awards program for Denville Public Schools stakeholders.
Denville School Superintendent Steven Forte presented the Denville Board of Education proposed 2019-20 budget to the members of the Denville Town Council on April 9.


stylby.me 9 out of 10 based on 700 ratings. 200 user reviews.
Short Beds (114.5" W.B.) uses the 118" W.B. Short Bed C10 chassis. (requires moving the rear axle 3" forward) Note: Shortening a Long Bed chassis is another option.


The hotel Luxelthe is located in the heart of Paris's Montmartre district, just 80 metres from the Pigalle Metro station. Provided with free WiFi, it offers rooms with flat-screen TVs.
Each guest room at the Luxelthe has a private bathroom, and some also feature balconies. A TV with satellite and international channels is provided.
The Sacre-Cœur Basilica is less than a 10-minute walk from the Luxelthe hotel and the Moulin Rouge is just 500 metres away.
This room features a flat-screen TV and private bathroom. Some of them offer a balcony.
Rate: € 60.20 ... € 154.00; select dates below to get current rates.
Rate: € 49.00 ... € 154.00; select dates below to get current rates.


Mike Roberts' "Return to Ditch Day" is a full-size, medium-difficulty puzzle game, and a very strong example of this type. The map is large, and much of it is open to unrestricted exploration from the outset of the game. There are a hundred and fifty points to be earned. There's a story that provides ample motivation and context for your behavior, but lets the puzzles shine through. This is a game you can settle into for a while. You'll want to make a few notes; you may even want to draw a map, though if you dislike mapping as much as I do, you can get away without doing so. I think it took me six or eight hours to complete the game in full.
As puzzle-fests go, "Return to Ditch Day" is extremely playable and forgiving. There is a full and context-sensitive hint menu. The puzzles are of medium difficulty -- some may be on the easy side for the most die-hard fans of a challenge, but I thought they were just about right, neither too frustrating or too trivial. It may be possible to make the game unwinnable, but I don't know how. The pacing is also excellent; despite the scope of the map, I very very rarely found myself wandering around at a loss. Some of this may have been luck, but most of the time it seemed that I always had at least one specific lead to pursue, and so -- while I was allowed to explore at will -- I didn't *have* to wander too aimlessly just in order to make progress. In this respect it reminded me a little of "Anchorhead" -- while "Return to Ditch Day" isn't at all like "Anchorhead" in tone, they both make good use of mystery plots to lead the player through an extensive environment. "Return to Ditch Day" even offers an extremely ingenious map with pathfinding, which means that you can look up another location and get directions from wherever you happen to be at the moment.
This is just one of a number of neat features either built into T3 or added for this particular occasion: most of the traditional aspects of IF are handled so smoothly that you almost miss realizing how slick it all is. NPCs can be followed. Keys work as they ought to, unlocking things by default whenever you want them to. The inventory manages itself nicely, not only by stowing items in your tote bag but by taking care of any other business before you put something away (e.g., "You close your wallet and put it in your pocket."). In fact, the game almost never refuses to let you do something just because you haven't completed another trivial action first, but almost always does your accounting for you. These may seem like minor features individually, but they collectively leave the playing experience remarkably smooth and free of frustration, allowing the player to get on with the fun parts.
The NPCs are also quite well-handled. They're not deep creatures with complex backgrounds, but they suit the story to which they belong very well, and they're certainly not placeholders. Some are infuriating, some are endearing, and they mostly give a convincing imitation of having their own agendas and work to do. There are quite a few points where NPCs move around on the map, or become available for conversation due to time, which helps. There were one or two portions that strained credibility -- NPCs who seemed preternaturally stupid or patient in service of keeping a puzzle winnable -- but there weren't too many of these spots, and they weren't particularly vexing. On the other hand, the main villain is given a range of nasty remarks to interject whenever you say or do anything in his presence, and several of the other NPCs react to your behavior at points when, in a less meticulous game, they might sit silently being non-entities. As I played -- this was partly a function of the individual NPCs and partly of the setting description -- I developed a definite sense of moving through a community of people. A somewhat crazed community, maybe, but a community.
Conversation is via ask/tell, but with some good additional features: the TOPICS command will suggest whether there's any conversation that would be especially appropriate at the moment, and sometimes during the conversation the interface will offer a set of alternatives in parentheses, like so: "(You can apologize for pouring chocolate milk on Joe or tell him about the napkins.)" Whenever it is contextually appropriate to say yes or no, these commands are also handled properly.
Time within the game is somehow managed in such a way that it reflects your progress but still seems to pass naturally. There are no incongruous or blatant leaps where you solve a puzzle and suddenly it's sunset. At the same time, you have a watch, and it keeps progressing. I'm not quite sure how this was done, but it works wonderfully.
As for the story, it's not terribly serious, but it is very well integrated with the puzzles, and never threatens to outshine them. Though I did feel a certain amount of urgency to find out what was going on and (even more importantly) to outwit my competition, it remained fairly light-spirited throughout.
It's possible that some people will be a little put off by the game's unabashed geek factor. This is a game about engineers, and though you can get past the puzzles even if you don't know much engineering, things may seem a bit alien if you're the sort of person who doesn't enjoy fiddling with machinery. The hint system provides some background for people who aren't familiar with hex or don't know what an IP address is, but the fact that this is necessary gives you some idea of what the game is like. Occasionally at the beginning I was a little nervous both about the large scope of the map and the technical sound of some puzzles, and worried that I might be getting in over my head. But I never *actually* got stuck, and after a while I found myself relaxing and trusting the game. If you're actively bored by physics and electronics, this may not be the game for you, but if you're merely a little daunted by the beginning, don't worry. It's all manageable.
Overall, then, "Return to Ditch Day" is a very solid, enjoyable game, with strong design and classy implementation. It promises good things to come from T3, as well.


Travelling overseas to receive cosmetic treatment can be dangerous and costly. Although some people may think that it's the cheaper option, that might not end up being the case. The actual cost of the procedure may be lower, but there are other hidden costs to account for. Typically, surgeons in the U.S. include postoperative care and follow-up visits when providing the total cost, and these are not always included (or paid for) when going overseas.
Additionally, many of the activities you'll be doing during your post-operation greatly increase the risk for complications. Your ability to move around or reposition your body is limited in a car, airplane, or train. Bag lifting, standing for long periods of time, and limited access to normal comforts can compromise recovery and increase the risk for complications. These can range from infection, increased swelling, blood-clots, and in severe cases, pulmonary embolisms. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons includes protruding scars, hematomas, and unsatisfactory results as additional risks of surgery overseas.
Serious complication may even require a secondary medical procedure. While a surgeon in the U.S. is likely equipped to perform the secondary procedure, they may not be aware of the initial surgeon's plan for the first procedure or the type of technology/materials used. These factors make the secondary procedure more difficult and risk further complications. These are all serious dangers to your health and add-ons to the total cost.


GAINESVILLE, Ga. – The Lander women's cross country team finished 23rd at the NCAA Southeast Regional on Saturday morning at the UNG Gainesville campus.
GAINESVILLE, Ga. – The Lander cross country teams will participate in the NCAA Southeast Regional on Saturday morning at the UNG Gainesville campus. The men will race at 9:00 a.m., followed by the women at 10:15 a.m.
BEECH ISLAND, S.C. – The Lander women's cross country team finished 10th at the Peach Belt Conference Championship on Saturday morning with a combined score of 321.
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. – The Lander women's cross country team finished 17th on Saturday morning at the Bobcat Invitational, hosted by Georgia College.
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. – The Lander men's and women's cross country teams head to Georgia College on Saturday to compete in the Bobcat Invitational. The men will run an 8K at 8:30 a.m. and the women will compete in a 5K at 9:30 a.m.
COLUMBIA, S.C. – The Lander women's cross country team finished eighth on Saturday morning at the Koala Classic.
SPARTANBURG, S.C. – The Lander women's cross country team raced to a 20th-place finish on Saturday morning at the Upstate Invite. The Bearcats finished ahead of rival Erskine and in-state foe Claflin.
SPARTANBURG, S.C. – The Lander men's and women's cross country teams open their 2018 campaigns on Friday night at the Eye Opener Invitational in Spartanburg, SC at 6:30 p.m. The women's 5K race and the men's 8K race will be held at the Roger Milliken Center.
BEECH ISLAND, S.C. – Freshman Sarah Trotter led the Lander women's cross country team at the Jaguar Invitational on Saturday morning with a time of finishing with a time of 23:53, good for a 60th-place finish.
BEECH ISLAND, S.C. – The Lander men's and women's cross country teams compete in their second event of the season on Saturday morning at the Jaguar Cross Country Invitational in Beech Island, S.C. at the Redcliffe Plantation State Historic Site. The event was originally scheduled for last Saturday, but was pushed back due to Hurricane Florence.


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A life changing place to make friends and to be seen
Meet Betsy.
Betsy joined Youth For Christ's Campus Life ministry her freshman year of high school. Curious maybe? But, mainly to get connected with other people on campus – to make friends and to be seen.
Entering high school is a pivotal moment, story shaping moment for young people. Oftentimes, students can feel overlooked, YFC's faithful leaders understand that every story is beautiful and meet kids right where they are.
YFC Campus Life has become a life-changing place for Betsy. Every week for two years, you would find Betsy engaged in the ministry of YFC Campus Life. For two years she faithfully built relationships with YFC leaders and other friends. Then the moment we pray for. The moment we ask ministry partners, like you to pray for. The moment that changes eternity happened, Betsy said, "yes" to Jesus. Since then, Betsy has committed to sharing the love of Christ with her friends, and the amazing part is her YFC leaders get to watch as she passionately shares her faith and her story with her family. Betsy comes from a Spanish-speaking home where both her parents and grandparents only speak Spanish. YFC has been able to connect Betsy's family to a local Spanish Church where she and her family could attend together. But there is more, on Easter Sunday Betsy's entire family was baptized! Betsy continues to share God's story with her friends through YFC's Core ministry.
YFC Campus Life: Through a holistic approach Campus Life helps students as they wrestle with critical issues. Leaders help young people realize a Christ-centered life that provides balance mentally, physically, spiritually, and socially.
YFC Core® mobilizes students to reach other young people in their schools, communities, and in other spheres of life.
Youth For Christ has chapters impacting thousands of communities across the nation that seek out and serve young people from all walks of life, just like Betsy. Many are silently struggling through a variety of challenging issues. YFC encourages staff and volunteers to build authentic Christ-sharing relationships through the ups and downs of everyday life.
See how YFC is a life changing place for young people
Rain & Rebekah
Rain is a student searching for belonging and purpose. Rebekah is a YFC caring adult leaders who understands the complexities of young people
The Positive Effects of Mentoring
More than one in three young people never had an adult mentor of any kind while growing up.
Combating Increased Loneliness Felt During Pandemic
"Our team didn't give up. Even in the face of discouragement. Love unmasked. Generosity unleashed."


Governor's revised plan adds $13 million to Minnesota State and $12 million to the University of Minnesota.
When Janet Nguyen first heard that Gov. Tim Walz's budget would give the University of Minnesota far less than it requested this year, the sophomore student deployed her six roommates. They each called the governor's office to tell him to put up more money.
A first-generation college student and campus government representative, Nguyen said she is personally worried about a potential tuition increase. She believes that for some classmates, it could determine whether they can stay in school.
Nguyen and other student leaders at Minnesota's public colleges and universities called Walz's original budget plan in February a disappointment, saying it continues a troublesome saga of lower state spending per student in higher education. Walz responded Friday with a revised budget adding another $13 million for Minnesota State and $12 million for the University of Minnesota.
"Our families, our students and our educators across Minnesota convinced me that we needed to change this," he said.
Walz's budget now includes 26 percent of the additional $246 million that Minnesota State asked for and 59 percent of the University of Minnesota's requested funding boost of $87 million. The schools still face another challenge as they turn to the Legislature, where Senate and House leaders are drawing up their own spending plans.
When inflation is factored in, the state's investment in the public institutions lags where it was pre-recession and 20 years ago.
Walz said Friday he would like to see a tuition freeze, but University of Minnesota President Eric Kaler said that's not possible without more money from the state. Kaler said Walz's budget increase takes some pressure off tuition, but the U still would have to look to students for support. He is also looking at the alternatives.
"That means cuts. That means diminution in compensation. It could mean reducing staff and, at the end of the day, it would dramatically affect what students are able to get from the U in terms of advising, support, career advice, counseling, class availability," he said.
The University of Minnesota has been urging students, staff and alumni to join an e-mail and Twitter campaign to get Walz to change his budget. And student government leaders from all five U campuses took the unusual step of passing the same resolution calling on the administration to spend more on their schools and keep them affordable. The resolution, which they sent to legislators and the governor, noted that Walz previously committed to once again having the state cover two-thirds of the cost of attending a state college or university.
"That's where we need to be," said Dennis Olson, commissioner of the state Office of Higher Education. He said administration is open to other ways to raise money to meet that threshold.
Minnesota State students and faculty are also pushing for more.
Inver Hills Community College instructor Matt Williams handed Gov. Tim Walz a fat stack of notecards from faculty at two-year schools across the state during an event this month. The handwritten messages stressed the importance of funding state colleges.
"There is a lot of hope riding on Governor Walz and his leadership in the governor's residence," said Williams, who is vice president of the Minnesota State College Faculty union. He noted that as a candidate, Walz tapped into a national conversation about student debt and advocated for two years of free tuition.
Walz's revised budget reduces higher education spending in other areas. It cuts $4 million from a new initiative to help adults re-enroll in postsecondary education and reduces by $11 million the additional funding he proposed for tuition assistance grants. Meanwhile, some public school students and faculty, including Williams, have raised concerns about the grants benefiting students at private colleges.
Thirty-five percent of the total state grant money offered in 2018 went to students at state colleges and universities, while 29 percent went to University of Minnesota students and 36 percent went to students at private nonprofit or for-profit schools, according to Office of Higher Education data.
The Minnesota Association of Private College Students sent Walz a letter this month saying in his short time in office he has made "tremendous efforts" to support the grant program.
State grants work in concert with federal Pell Grants. The federal program subsidizes more of the tuition for students from very low-income families. State grants also extend aid to families that make a bit more.
"Low-income students have great barriers to college in terms of affordability, but so do many middle-income families," Minnesota Private Colleges President Paul Cerkvenik said.
The state sees a good return on the dollars it spends on private schools, he said, noting that they produce about 30 percent of the four-year degrees granted each year in the state. Private colleges advocated for $92 million in new funding for state grants, Cerkvenik said.
In addition to his budget, Walz proposed a large infrastructure and public works borrowing package that would help maintain public colleges' and universities' campuses. His proposal includes $300 million that would be divided evenly between Minnesota State and the U.
Senate leadership, however, has said this is not the year for such a large bonding bill.
Frankie Becerra, president of the organization representing community and technical college students, said students are trying to sway legislators. Instead of focusing on spending, he said they have been talking to lawmakers about the importance of an educated workforce. It's a message he also shared in a letter to Walz on Tuesday, when he asked the governor to shift his budget to focus on the Minnesota State system rather than putting a lot more money into state grants.
"When there is a workforce shortage in many skilled jobs, our state's economy cannot afford to create more barriers for these students in obtaining a degree," Becerra wrote.
Nguyen said U students are also taking their stories to legislators en masse.


Epoxy floor paint – One of the most common types of paint used in industrial applications are epoxy floor paint, which can even be found in some specialized outlets. Clearly the name does not tell us much about this product unless we are linked to the technological development of products, as are the people working in Sherwin-Williams. For this reason we have to clarify your doubts regarding this product and list some of their uses.
The epoxy floor paint is a product of two components; the first is an epoxy resin consisting of high durability and strength, while the second is high performance epoxy enamel. It is mostly industrial and high duty use.
He Iponlac 331 of Sherwin Williams is an epoxy floor paint enamel termination poly amide, formulated for protecting steel and concrete in industrial environment exposure. This product is ideal for layering maintenance and arsenals. Its characteristics are that it is a product of great strength and durability, excellent brightness, easy application and wide range of colors. Although, as we told you, is a product used mainly in the industrial sector, it can also be used for certain domestic work, to cover the floor of a subway, parking, a terrace to the weather or to protect walls outward separation exposed to high levels of humidity and heat.


text:
Charly Boy: 96% of Nigerian pastors are fake… I'll soon start calling their names
Charles Oputa, singer better known as Charly Boy, says 96 per cent of Nigerian pastors are fake.
The 68-year-old Afrobeat star disclosed this while speaking in a recent interview with Goldmyne, on the heels of the release of 'God of Men' his collaborative project with Falz, Nigerian rapper.
Charly Boy also vowed to start calling their names.
Oputa claimed to have witnessed how some clergymen capitalize on people's poverty and insecurities to enrich their pockets.
According to him, youths are, for this reason, made to believe that wealth and good fortune can be made out of nothing.
"Yeah, I will soon start calling their names. I've called a few names because religion is part of our problem. They have turned the mind of young people to something else," he exclaimed.
"They make the youth believe they can get something out of nothing. No miracle happens these days again. The only miracle that happens is the one you create for yourself.
"That is why I hate these fake pastors. That is not to say that all of them are fake. But if you had a hundred pastors in Nigeria, 95/96 of them are all fake.
"They're after their pockets and capitalize on people's poverty, poverty, insecurities, paranoia. I've been to a lot of churches and it's so sad to notice that the congregation almost takes their pastors as their God.
"That is crazy. You can imagine a pastor shaking his leg and visas are falling off his shoe. This is a war against fake pastors. I'll start to call their names."
Oputa, who earlier said he'll be boycotting street protests, added that his forthcoming project will still convey messages on matters of social importance.
"I can't be singing about boobs and nyash. I sing about things that piss me off. I'm singing about people's frustration, my frustrations," he added.
"I sing about the fact that Nigeria is sliding deeper into the abyss because of our inactions. I can't sing about love either because we don't even have love for one another."
Charles Oputa
Charly Boy
Fake Pastors
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Ambali Olaogun
Charley Boy, Your observation is good although is long over due.You know why? Nigeria Christians take their pastors as God. accepting whatever they tell them to do even if it is nonsense or illogical.They feed off tithes meant for the Lord.If your intention is mention names it is good.Protecting indecency thinking that some people are important encourages evil behavior.


Beautiful light 1BR apartment on the 5th floor of a building equipped with an elevator. The apartment spreading over 106 m2 is structured on two levels. At the bottom floor there is an open space connecting the living room, dining room and kitchen. All that forms a very welcoming and social space which is prolonged by a quiet and intimate balcony looking over the courtyard. There is a bathroom with WC. On the second floor there is an attic bedroom, bringing a sense of sleeping under the stars.


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Cultural Affairs and Special Events
Chicago Cultural Plan
Cultural Affairs And Special Events To Hold Town Hall Meetings In July
Mary May 312.744.0576 mmay@cityofchicago.org
(CHICAGO) The Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events (DCASE) will hold four town hall meetings in July to seek public input from residents, cultural organizations and community leaders on a draft 2012 Chicago Cultural Plan. DCASE will release the draft plan for public comment in early July and host the town halls to continue the conversation with stakeholders from across the city.
The four Town Hall Meetings with dates and locations are as follows:
July 24: 6–8pm (rsvp)
1900 W. Van Buren Street (map)
South Shore Cultural Center
7059 S. South Shore Drive (map)
July 28: 10am–12pm (rsvp)
St. Augustine College–Essanay Studios
1345 W. Argyle Street (map)
78 E. Washington Street (map)
Additionally, the summary of public engagement is available for viewing at www.chicagoculturalplan.org. The final Chicago Cultural Plan will be introduced to the public in October.
"Chicago's depth of diverse cultural offerings and arts experiences brings vitality to city life that benefits visitors and all citizens young and old," said DCASE Commissioner Michelle T. Boone. "This new cultural plan must inspire collective action from all corners of the city. I remain excited by the engagement process thus far and by working together, we will be able to translate our collective vision for the cultural future of our great city."
To date, more than 30 meetings have been held since February where attendees discussed a vast number of ideas. Many common themes and issues emerged, such as, the desire for more arts education, the need to support and emphasize access to quality arts experiences in neighborhoods, spaces for arts and culture to thrive, and support for artists and creative fields.
Lord Cultural Resources was selected earlier this year as a consultant on the cultural plan initiative. It is one of the world's largest cultural professional practices and has developed cultural plans for major cities across the globe. Lord partnered with Chicago-based Research Explorers, Weetu, Dickerson Global Advisors and arts consultant and researcher Nick Rabkin.
Funding for the initiative is provided by the generous support of The Allstate Insurance Company, The Chicago Community Trust and the Illinois Arts Council.
About The Allstate Corporation
The Allstate Corporation (NYSE: ALL) is the nation's largest publicly held personal lines insurer known for its "You're In Good Hands With Allstate®" slogan. Now celebrating its 80th anniversary as an insurer, Allstate is reinventing protection and retirement to help nearly 16 million households insure what they have today and better prepare for tomorrow. Consumers access Allstate insurance products (auto, home, life and retirement) and services through Allstate agencies, independent agencies, and Allstate exclusive financial representatives in the U.S. and Canada, as well as via www.allstate.com and 1-800 Allstate®.
About The Chicago Community Trust
For 96 years, The Chicago Community Trust, our region's community foundation, has connected the generosity of donors with community needs by making grants to organizations working to improve metropolitan Chicago. In 2011, the Trust, together with its donors, granted more than $100 million to nonprofit organizations: developing new audiences to sustain Chicago's vibrant arts organizations, protecting the human success safety net for those hardest hit by the recession, stemming the devastating effects of foreclosures on our communities, elevating teaching to meet world class standards; and improving conditions for healthy and active lifestyles. To learn more, please visit the Trust online at www.cct.org.
About the Illinois Arts Council: "Building a strong, creative, and connected Illinois through the engagement of all Illinoisans in the pursuit of, participation in, and enjoyment of the arts." In 1965, the Illinois General Assembly created the Illinois Arts Council (IAC) for the purpose of encouraging the development of the arts throughout Illinois. This state agency assists artists, arts organizations, educational institutions and other community organizations that present arts programming by providing financial and technical assistance. The Governor and General Assembly and the National Endowment for the Arts provide funds annually to the Illinois Arts Council. For additional information, visit the IAC website – www.arts.illinois.gov.
About the Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events
The Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events (DCASE) is dedicated to promoting and supporting Chicago's arts and culture sector. This includes, but is not limited to: fostering the development of Chicago's non-profit arts sector, independent working artists, and for-profit arts businesses; presenting high-quality, free or low-fee cultural programs accessible to residents and visitors; and marketing the City's cultural assets to local, regional, and global audiences. DCASE produces nearly 2,000 public programs, events and support services annually, generating millions in economic benefits for the City of Chicago. For more information visit www.cityofchicago.org/DCASE or join us on Facebook or on Twitter @ChicagoDCASE.
For additional information on the Chicago Cultural Plan please visit www.chicagoculturalplan.org.


End of street setting on county paved street with overhead utilities and county water in a subdivision with protective covenants, neighborhood watch program, volunteer fire department, community emergency response team, and almost daily activities at the community center. Come and build you home in a community built around a golf course. Endless possibilities on this one.
Hello, I'd like more information about the listing I found on Homes.com at Hekau St.
Offered ByRoyal Palm Properties, Inc.
This home is located at Hekau St Naalehu, HI 96772 US and has been listed on Homes.com since 4 March 2019 and is currently priced at $35,000.


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The Age Curve: How to Profit from the Coming Demographic Storm by Kenneth W. Gronbach
By Jody Brightman, PhD
The Age Curve: How to Profit from the Coming Demographic Storm
By Kenneth W. Gronbach
AMACOM 2008
Early in the Foreword of The Age Curve, there is a heads-up: this book is a Johnny-one-note. There is but a single message and it is so simple a child can understand it. But this message is also powerful, and it bears telling and re-telling in myriad forms.
The message is this: the 78 million baby boomers are past their purchasing prime. They are in their 50s and 60s and leaving the work force. Right behind them, at the peak of their demand cycle, is Gen-X, only 69 million strong, which represents an 11 percent drop in market volume that is reaching its steepest decline in a five-year trough. Gronach points to the turmoil in the U.S. economy and asks, "Do they not learn about supply and demand at business school?"
He cruises through more than a dozen product and service categories from Japanese motorcycles and SUVs to mansions and healthcare to demonstrate the impending crisis of demographic proportions. There simply are not enough entry-level workers, especially in the skilled trades, to fill jobs, and there are not enough employed workers to buy the "stuff" that keeps the U.S. economy moving.
Enter the immigrants. Some 15 to 25 million Latinos are pouring across our southern borders to fill the shortfall in workers for unskilled entry-level jobs. Yet there are even more chronic worker shortages in the skilled labor pool. Gronach suggests that we relieve the unemployment problems in Europe by importing their skilled workers to the United States on a temporary basis. The Bush administration liked this idea and proposed it a year ago, but the bill has languished in Congress.
The key point to consider is that all of these problems are temporary. Just wait awhile. The downward blip ended in 1985 when birthrates started to climb, then soar. Generation Y, or the Echo Boomers as they are called, number 100 million. If you happen to be a visionary marketer who can hang on, get this: Echo Boomers consume at a rate five times higher than that of their Boomer parents. There is a "gotcha" though. If the economy contracts during the Gen-X shortfall, where will Gen-Y find the jobs to buy all the stuff they are so conditioned to demand?
This supply-and-demand drama plays out in chapter after thought-provoking chapter. Some are better developed than others, but the story arc hinges on one question: How will a good, well-meaning corporate giant beat the demographic curve? Gronach's advice? Stay ahead of the age curve. To do otherwise is to slide down the slippery slope of declining markets.
Summaries of the 2015 "The Future of Healthcare Symposium"
ARCHIVE - VIDEO LIBRARY
CEO Performance of 125 of Northern California's Largest Companies


Yalova thermal and waterfall tour beginning from Istanbul that you chose allows you, our valued guests, to rest and relax with nature. After the breakfast at the hotel, we arrive in Yalova, which is also known as thermal area, by Capellatour vehicles after about a 2 hours trip. We give you, our esteemed guests, free time so that you can benefit from all the facilities of the thermal facility. During the free time, our guests will have the opportunity to buy the desired massage and sauna packages. After completing the thermal tour, we arrive in Sudüşen Waterfall by Capellatour vehicles after a journey of about 8 km. Here, you can evaluate the walking areas around the waterfall, browse the souvenir shops, take photos and sit in the cafes. We complete our extremely enjoyable Yalova thermal and waterfall tour by returning to Istanbul by Capellatour vehicles and leaving you to your hotel hoping to see you in our different tours.


text:
InsertCommand.java

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package org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence;

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/**

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 * Command representing the insertion of one object of the second sequence.

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 * <p>

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 * When one object of the second sequence has no corresponding object in the

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 * first sequence at the right place, the {@link EditScript edit script}

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 * transforming the first sequence into the second sequence uses an instance of

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 * this class to represent the insertion of this object. The objects embedded in

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 * these type of commands always come from the second sequence.

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 *

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 * @see SequencesComparator

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 * @see EditScript

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 *

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 * @since 4.0

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 * @version $Id: InsertCommand.java 1477760 2013-04-30 18:34:03Z tn $

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 */

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public class InsertCommand<T> extends EditCommand<T> {

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    /**

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     * Simple constructor. Creates a new instance of InsertCommand

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     * @param object  the object of the second sequence that should be inserted

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     */

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    public InsertCommand(final T object) {

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        super(object);

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    }

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    /**

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     * Accept a visitor. When an <code>InsertCommand</code> accepts a visitor,

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     * it calls its {@link CommandVisitor#visitInsertCommand visitInsertCommand}

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     * method.

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     *

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     * @param visitor  the visitor to be accepted

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     */

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    @Override

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    public void accept(final CommandVisitor<T> visitor) {

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1. accept : removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/sequence/CommandVisitor::visitInsertCommand → KILLED

        visitor.visitInsertCommand(getObject());

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    }

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}

Mutations

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1.1
Location : accept
Killed by : org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest.testExecution(org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest) removed call to org/apache/commons/collections4/sequence/CommandVisitor::visitInsertCommand → KILLED

Active mutators

INCREMENTS_MUTATOR

VOID_METHOD_CALL_MUTATOR

RETURN_VALS_MUTATOR

MATH_MUTATOR

NEGATE_CONDITIONALS_MUTATOR

INVERT_NEGS_MUTATOR

CONDITIONALS_BOUNDARY_MUTATOR

Tests examined

org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest.testExecution(org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest) (7 ms)

org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest.testShadok(org.apache.commons.collections4.sequence.SequencesComparatorTest) (899 ms)

Report generated by PIT 0.33

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Shower Panel Tower Rain&Waterfall Massager Body System Jets Tub Tap Stainless Steel. About shower panel: Built from stainless steel, this shower panel is a durable unit, providing a thorough and unique shower each and every time. With 60 nozzles dedicated to providing ample body sprays and Round massager jets design that provide a cascading rainfall shower experience, this shower panel is the star of the show. A waterfall style nozzle is added to the rainfall, offering just another way to get clean. With 5 functions this shower panel can be operated with all features on, without the fear of scalds or chilly water. A tub filler is found at the bottom, allowing for rapid filling of buckets, washing of feet and pets. A handheld shower wand controls the flow and spray and delivers it where it is needed. Using 1/2 standard sizing, this model is perfect and easy to use. Specifications -Faucet Body Material: Brass -Panel Material: SUS304 Stainless Steel -Finish: brushed shower system -Hand Shower : Engineering Grade Plastics ABS, outer finish Zinc Alloy, PVD Plating -Shower Hose: Flexible Stainless Steel Hose, -Installation Method: Wall Mounted -Functions: Five Modes Rainfall, Waterfall, Horizontal Massage Spray, Hand Shower, tub Spout Massage+ Energy Saving = New Shower Life Features We have design patent which follow trend and meet your all fantasy on shower #304 stainless steel (Cr-Ni-Mo 18%-8%-0%), compared with # 210 stainless steel (Cr-Ni-Mo 17%-6%-0%), the quality is much better and no rust or oxidation Multifunctional—- hand shower, raifall , message jets, waterfall Each brass valve control for every function of shower panel High quality brass material –more stable, no leaking 7 layers well protected package, ensure no shake and no damage during transportation. 1 Inbuilt Rainfall and 1 Waterfall. 60 total rainfall nozzles. Massage enjoyment , like raining —- clear and comfortable. Dynamic waterfall flap shoulder skin softly, let you enjoy comfortable massage. Saving 50% water, pressurize 300% more than 300 water branches. Active side spray : 180-degree rotation of water, multi-directional shower. HIGH PRESSURE HANDHELD SHOWER HEAD. The handheld shower head of our shower set made of brass 2.0GPM, removable flow restrictor. You can remove the flow restrictor to get more water pressure. Optimal performance even in low water pressure installationsoptimal performance even in low water pressure installations. Chrome Plated Finish, will not rust. Tub spout—- no leaking, no splash but smooth water. Unidirectional limiting technology—- more superior water-saving performance. We do our best to send out your order as soon as possible. Our priority is to satisfy you! The item "Brushed Nickel Shower Panel Tower LED Rain&Waterfall Massager Body System Jet" is in sale since Monday, January 9, 2017. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Home Improvement\Plumbing & Fixtures\Faucets". The seller is "mvmhome" and is located in New Jersey. This item can be shipped to United States.