The Royal "Radio Mill" in my private collection is one of the more interesting typewriters I own. The typeface (10 pitch all-caps) is very easy to read. Considering its purpose, that makes sense. I've been using it recently to make lists for our Sunday shopping. It is a fairly mundane task and I am sure that there have been far more important things that a 10 pitch radio-mill Royal would have done in its life.
This is a naval dispatch is dated 7 DEC 1941; a date that will live in infamy. I found it while browsing the National Archives web page. This particular dispatch was sent to Sqantum Naval Air Station outside of Boston.
When you see something like this it really makes history come alive.
I started working on cleaning up a typewriter that has sat neglected for a while. It's this Sears Tower.
Many of you know it as a Skyriter and it is one in every aspect except name. This particular machine is missing the decorative paper arm cover. It is a common piece to find missing.
I was looking out the sliding glass door at the butte behind our home. (There's another one in front of our house called Deem Hill.) The sky was a pale blue. A haze covered the finer delineations of the rock face. Falcons and eagles circled overhead slowly catching thermals rising and then falling. The hilly country of the Sonoran desert has a stark beauty. It takes time to learn to appreciate it, but the beauty is there to find.
I started to think about the name Tower. It's an odd name to give a typewriter. It makes me think of the towers of Silence that played a significant role in the funerary rights of the Zoroastrians.
Was this little Tower left to decay out of sight? Will the carrion artists pluck key tops and repurpose them as horrible rings and necklaces? Who will sweep your brittle remains into the ossuary?
I happen to have another Tower from Ton S. This Tower is Presidential, the one above is a Chieftain.
A Chieftan of what? It's fitting that not too far from my home is an amazing museum: The Deer Valley Rock Art Center. At this off-the-beaten-path museum you can see petroglyphs dating back 7,000 years. Could they be neolithic blog posts? Is this an heir to the kingdom of the Hohokam?
A rock and an idea. It could be the ultimate in distraction-free writing.
Back to this typewriter. As with most 1950s Smith-Coronae, the sound-deadening material smells very bad. It has a must that can only be eliminated by removal. I was able to remove the offending odor and get to work on the dirty mechanism. It's not a big job, but it might take a few days.
Today was the first day that a student wanted to use the copper-painted Hermes Ambassador. I fitted it out with a nice green ribbon from Baco and let a young lady in my first hour have a go at this freshly customized typewriter.
After reading a post by Will Davis about a very mysterious Webster, I decided to look at the CTP collection. When I really started looking there were actually quite a few. Many are rebrands, but two are the real-deal.
During journals the other day, I grabbed a few pictures of busy typing hands.
The Typewriters Are A Hit and Oh, Brother!
Due to some scheduling difficulties, we were finally able to use the typewriters on Friday. Our Journal topics for Fridays are "freewrites" so it was perfect opportunity to have them used. They could take all the time they needed to get comfortable with the typewriter. I front-loaded instruction on Thursday with a small presentation all bout the CTP and some of the data behind using the typewriters. The Thursday presentation primed them for the excitement on Friday.
The sound of 20 typewriters tapping away is really very familiar. For three years my work day has been filled with the whack of type bars against papers and platens. I have grown so accustomed to the sound that the absence is more deafening than the presence.
Of all the classes who have used typewriters, this group was the most enthusiastic. They really loved giving it a chance. This group of kids really paid attention to the into diagram and had very little trouble getting started. You know something is a success when it's time to switch activities and their is an audible groan of disapproval. I think that over the course of the school year the typewriter love will increase.
I mention 20 typewriters because I have decided to keep 20 in constant rotation; moving out typewriters that become damaged or a little worn out. I have enough of a back stock that I can be a few months behind on repairs and still have 20 completely working typewriters. As always Royals make up a large portion of what students use, but there seem to be more and more Brothers moving through the ranks.
Brother typewriters have proven to be incredibly rugged and dependable. The harsh view I held of the Performer has been worn smooth by nearly three years of dependable service. I am nearly amazed at how student-proof they are. While the pile of Olivettis gets larger and larger, the brothers keep on working. In the course of repairing the few minor problems that so many of Brother's parts are completely interchangeable. Screws tend to be a uniform size. They are easy to work on because components (like the escapement) are easily accessible. The bottom line is that they can survive in my classroom and that is no easy feat.
I am slowly becoming a convert. They tend to grow on you. That brings me to one of the newest typewriters to make an appearance in the classroom. Ton S. spoke about this Brother in his blog. I got an email saying that he would like to send it on to my classroom rather than keep it. I was more than happy to take it off his hands. I had a couple of Smith-Coronae that needed to be retired for repairs. That funny little clasp they use for linking the segments tends to fail under heavy use. It's one of the perennial problems with 1950s Silents and their Galaxy siblings. Ton was a gentlemen of the first order and paid to have this shipped over to me. It arrived packed incredibly well, but the carriage was freewheeling just as Ton had described in his post. The fix did not hold.
The carriage would just spring all the way over to the marginal stop. It was freewheeling in the worst way. I cracked the case open to get a closer look. Just as Ton had described, there was a hairline fracture on one end of the escapement paddle (is that what they are called?). You know, its the thing that swings into place to stop the carriage from advancing more than one space.
I could see that the crack had caused the little prong of metal to be bent back so it was not engaging with the escapement wheel teeth. I looked at it closer and as soon as I touched it the whole enchilada fell apart. It was being held on by a thread. Clearly the trip over hill and dale proved to be too much for Ton's repair. The paddle was held in place by a pivoting screw and it was very easy to remove the part and have a closer look. I was able to save the little piece that fell off.
I looked at the piece and (initially) I thought that I would try to make a new piece out of some scraps I had around here, but I noticed that there was a vertical post attached to the underside. This little bit is part of the carriage release linkage. Pressing the carriage release button presses on this post and swings the paddle out of the way of the escapement wheel. Obviously, I wouldn't be able to manufacture a piece easily so I looked to fixing the piece I had.
Glue wouldn't be strong enough unless I had a very strong and powerful glue. Something like…J.B. Weld might do the trick. I looked at the piece and saw that the break was clean. There were no gaps when the two parts were put together. I would need to make sure that the J.B. Weld bridged the break to add to the strength. Also, the piece was fairly smooth. Sanding it well to create a key would be very important.
I took out my rotary tool and used an emery bit to roughen up all the sides that would touch the epoxy. I mixed up a small amount and glued the pieces together. I was totally prepared to have this not work at all, so with apprehension I let it sit until the epoxy cured. This was what emerged 24 hours later.
I reinstalled the piece in the typewriter and it works like a charm. Time will tell how well the epoxy will hold, but the package says it is rated strong at 3,000 PSI (That is tensile strength.) with shear strength of 1000 PSI. The proof is in the pudding. It works.
The joint is the weakest part and I assume that it will only be a matter of time before it fails. This, however, will buy me time until I find a suitable replacement.
P.S. Ton, you are awesome!
So if this blog's sub-heading is "Classroom Typewriter Project" I am sure you are noticing a lack of classrooms and projects. Typewriters? Plenty of those, but very few classrooms and projects.
Well, I am happy to say that the final spool has been wound and the ribbons are set to go back into the machines. It looks like Tuesday will be the introduction to the project with a presentation for my classes and the first typed documents will be coming out of the machines shortly after that.
Ton's' second donation is still in a case at home. I am going to be taking it to school on Tuesday. If I remember, I'll post a copy of my presentation for everyone to see.
I also desperately need to update the donors list and the machines currently in rotation. So, in reality, there are quite a few projects.


text:
Black Women With Fibroids Have Greater Cancer Risk
Researchers found that the association between a history of uterine leiomyoma—or fibroids—and cancer was strongest for cancer diagnosed within two years of uterine fibroids being found. The results could be explained by greater surveillance of women with fibroids or misdiagnosis of cancer as uterine leiomyoma.
Relief for depression: the key may be individualized help
By Alicia Armeli
With increasing demands at work, family responsibilities, and the expectation of what having it all should look like, statistics show depression affects women at a rate higher than men in every age group.1 Although labeled as one of the most common mental disorders in the US,2 it manifests differently for each person. And it's because of this individuality that creating a treatment plan based on specific needs may be the key to finding relief.
Depression can show up in a number of ways that include both mental and physical symptoms. From feelings of hopelessness and anxiety to disturbed sleeping and eating patterns, when you're depressed, you just don't feel like you.
"Think of being depressed in a literal way—as actually being pressed down into a smaller, uncomfortable, more limited version of yourself. Depression is about not being able to shake that feeling," explains Katherine Schafler, New York City-based emotional health expert and in-house licensed psychotherapist at Google. "One major criterion of depression is experiencing that pressed down feeling for most of the day, nearly every day in a two-week time period—that's not the only criterion for depression, but if you're experiencing the constancy it might be time to seek professional help."
Among the many options for women to choose from, Schafler points to psychotherapy—also called talk therapy—as being a big one. A woman can find a qualified therapist through doctor referral or by a convenient click of a button. Nationally accredited mental health organizations have made it possible to find qualified support through sponsored online therapist locators. By plugging in a zip code, online locators allow a woman to sift through local therapists' profiles using specialty filters, thereby helping her receive proper diagnosis and treatment.
Medical therapy is another viable option. When used together with talk therapy, research has shown this combination to be the most effective treatment for depression—especially when it's severe.1 "Anti-depressants can be extremely helpful and there are many to choose from," says Schafler. "It's normal to feel hesitant about exploring medication but becoming as informed as possible can reduce this anxiety significantly, as can finding a psychiatrist whose approach you feel good about."
In recent years, an interest in exploring Traditional Chinese Medicine has grown—with the most familiar treatment method being acupuncture. Although more research is needed to support its efficacy, meta-analysis studies have shown depression patients to benefit more from acupuncture combined with antidepressants versus the use of medication alone.3
Along with professional help, Schafler encourages women to create daily self-care routines. Participating in healthy relationships, eating nutritious foods, moving your body, and continuously doing what you enjoy are essential. "Adults need play, too," she emphasizes. "Do something fun, sing in the car, dance, ride a bike, draw—what makes something feel playful is highly individualized, so only you can really know what play feels like for you."
There are many more treatment options to help overcome depression and experimenting with what works (and what doesn't) can take a lot of trial and error. A World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Survey4 revealed that people commonly hold back from starting or continuing treatment because of a "perceived ineffectiveness of treatment" or "negative experiences with a treatment provider." From talk therapy to self-care and beyond—trying different things under the guidance of a mental health professional you feel comfortable with is a significant part of recovery.
"Maybe the efficacy is in the treatment itself, but there's also something healing in the gesture of trying," notes Schafler. "For example, if you want to try acupuncture and it helps you to feel better, that's fabulous, but even if it doesn't help directly, the fact that you tried will bode well for you in the bigger picture. When you reach for something restorative and make choices based on self-progression instead of self-destruction, you communicate the following to yourself: 'I'm worth it. I deserve to be happy. I deserve to feel good.' And you do."
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alicia Armeli is a Health Freelance Writer and Photographer, Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, and Certified Holistic Life Coach. She has master's degrees in English Education and Nutrition. Through her writing, she empowers readers to live optimally by building awareness surrounding issues that impact health and wellbeing. In addition to writing, she enjoys singing, traveling abroad and volunteering within her community.
ABOUT THE THERAPIST Katherine Schafler (link www.katherineschafler.com) is an NYC-based emotional health expert; she splits her time between running her private psychotherapy practice and being an in-house therapist at Google. With dual master's degrees in clinical assessment and psychological counseling from Columbia University and post-graduate training and certification from the Association for Spirituality and Psychotherapy in New York, NY, Katherine helps women change their lives for the better by learning how to—not just survive—but thrive. With twelve years of counseling experience in a broad range of capacities, Katherine tailors her approach to the unique needs of each of her clients.
1.Pratt, L. A., & Brody, D. J. (2014). Depression in the U.S. Household Population, 2009-2012. Retrieved March 8, 2016, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db172.htm
2.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. (2015). Depression (NIH Publication No. 15-3561). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 9, 2016 from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-what-you-need-to-know-12-2015/index.shtml
3.Chan, Y. Y., Lo, W. Y., Yang, S. N., Chen, Y. H., & Lin, J. G. (2015). The benefit of combined acupuncture and antidepressant medication for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 176: 106-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.048
4.Andrade, L. H., et. al. (2014). Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Psychological Medicine, 44(6): 1303-1317. doi: 10.1017/S003329171300194
Depression may increase uterine fibroid risk in African American women
Uterine fibroids are more common and more severe among African American women. In an effort to uncover the cause of this health disparity, researchers are now investigating how mental health conditions like depression may play a role in the growth and development of fibroids.
In a recent study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology1, L. A. Wise and a team of researchers from Boston University analyzed the medical data of 15,963 premenopausal women participating in the Black Women's Health Study.
In 1999 and 2005, the researchers used questionnaires that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depressive symptoms among these women. Between the years of 1999 and 2011, women completed follow-up biennial surveys reporting if they'd been diagnosed with depression, had any history of antidepressant use, and whether they'd been diagnosed with uterine fibroids by either ultrasound or surgery.
In all, 4,722 cases of diagnosed uterine fibroids were reported. Among these women, the authors of the study discovered that as the risk of depressive symptoms increased so did the risk of fibroids—even after the use of antidepressants was taken into account.
Wise and colleagues believe this connection between depression and fibroids is due to something they refer to as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is an internal communication system made up of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland inside the brain and the adrenal glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Among its many functions, the HPA axis is responsible for regulating emotions and stress responses.
If the HPA axis malfunctions, it heightens the body's stress response and can lead to changes in mood. HPA axis abnormalities have been linked to mood disorders like depression. This change can then alter how the body processes hormones—including sex hormones that are thought to influence fibroid growth. For example, levels of progesterone—a fibroid-stimulating hormone—are higher in women who are depressed than in those who aren't.
The HPA axis theory is one of the many that are being explored in hopes of finding a cause and cure for fibroids. Although the results of this study support this theory, how depression and fibroids are possibly linked is still unclear. The authors concluded that further studies are still needed.
1. Wise, L. A., Li, S., Palmer, J. R., & Rosenberg, L. (2015). Depressive symptoms and risk of uterine leiomyomata. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212:617. e1-10.
Hysterectomy Alternatives Often Underutilized Leaving Women With Unnecessary Surgery as Only Option
In the US alone, more than 400,000 hysterectomies are performed each year, with 68 percent of these done to treat noncancerous conditions. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) supports the use of alternatives to hysterectomy to treat non-life threatening gynecologic conditions. Yet, a recent study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology1 showed that these guidelines aren't always followed and, as a result, women are undergoing unnecessary surgery.
Over a ten-month period in 2013, a team of researchers led by L. E. Corona analyzed the medical charts of women from 52 Michigan-based hospitals participating in the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative. Their goal was to investigate whether alternative treatments are offered to women with benign gynecologic diseases—such as fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and pelvic pain—before proceeding to hysterectomy. Alternative treatments can include medical therapy such as pain management and levonorgestrel intrauterine devices or minimally invasive procedures like endometrial ablation and hysteroscopy.
Overall 3397 women underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions and results showed that among this group of women, nearly 40 percent didn't have documentation of receiving any alternative treatments before surgery.
Of those who were provided with alternative treatments, 24 percent underwent minor procedures alone, while 18 percent were given medical therapy only. What's more, the majority of women had been given no more than one documented therapy. The authors noted, "more than one therapy may have resulted in adequate treatment without the need for hysterectomy."
Other factors such as age played a role in whether women received womb-sparing treatments. Sixty-eight percent of women younger than 40 years of age received alternative treatments in comparison to 62 percent of those 40-50 years old and 56 percent of women 50 years and older.
The end of the study revealed another key finding. Was hysterectomy appropriate for each woman?
Pathological reports following surgery showed that 18.3 percent of women did not have a supportive need for hysterectomy. When broken down by age groups, unsupportive hysterectomy was highest among women younger than 40 years of age. More than one-third of women (37.8%) under 40 had unsupportive hysterectomies versus those 40-50 years of age (12%) and over 50 years (7.5%).
This rate of unsupportive surgery, the authors contend, reflects the likelihood that a significant number of women who undergo hysterectomy for reasons like abnormal uterine bleeding are doing so for reasons inconsistent with ACOG guidelines that recommend medical therapy before surgery.
Although the number of hysterectomies performed in the US has reportedly declined, the appropriateness of hysterectomy is still an area of concern, the authors stressed. "The fact that 18 percent of women did not have pathology supportive of the need for hysterectomy and that the majority of women consider at most one alternative treatment prior to hysterectomy indicates that there are opportunities to decrease the utilization of hysterectomy."
1. Corona, L.E., Swenson, C.W., Sheetz, K.H., et al. Use of other treatments before hysterectomy for benign conditions in a statewide hospital collaborative. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212: 304e1-7.
Shelaagh Ferrell: A fight for UFE
Having trained as a dancer, Shelaagh Ferrell knew her body inside out.
"It seemed as if I was developing muscle on one side of my abdomen and not the other," explained Shelaagh. "I went to my doctor and said, 'It's really strange. Why do I have overdeveloped muscles on my right side of my abdomen and not on my left?'"
It was then that Shelaagh was diagnosed with fibroids—common benign tumors that grow from smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. "That was really the first time I had even heard the word fibroid," she admitted.
Uterine fibroids are commonly associated with symptoms such as heavy painful periods, but Shelaagh's case was different. Not having the usual symptoms, she had what physicians refer to as asymptomatic fibroids. "I wasn't feeling any pain. I wasn't experiencing heavy bleeding, as many women do with fibroids."
But her fibroids were problematic in other ways. "As the fibroids grew, it was clear I was starting to look rather pregnant," she described. And for Shelaagh, body image is important. With a lean physique of a former dancer and with her work as an actress, singer, film producer and writer, she takes obvious pride in this facet of her femininity.
"The other symptom was that I really started to feel tired. Exceedingly tired," Shelaagh continued. "Doctors thought perhaps it was because I was doing a lot, but I knew it wasn't."
With a large fibroid the size of an avocado, Shelaagh was given four options: a hysterectomy, a myomectomy, uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), or to watch and wait.
Like many other women, she found herself stuck between a rock and a hard place. At the time, she was unfamiliar with UFE. And describing herself as a person who will "avoid surgery at all costs"—going under the knife was not a viable choice. And so, she decided to continue to monitor her fibroid growth.
"I was told the [UFE procedure] would be really painful," Shelaagh explained. "I worried about a benign tumor dying inside of me and wondered how bad that would be. So I thought it was probably best to do nothing."
Six years after her diagnosis, she continued to watch and wait. During this time, her fibroid grew to 20 centimeters and began pressing on her inferior vena cava, a major vessel that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. Something had to be done.
After diligently researching UFE, Shelaagh decided it was the right fibroid treatment for her. "I was adamant. I didn't want a hysterectomy," she stressed. "I didn't even want a myomectomy."
Against the wishes of many general practitioners, she continued to fight for her body. "Of course you want to keep your womb," Shelaagh recalled passionately. "The first instinct of most general practitioners is to say, 'We'll put you in for a hysterectomy. Why do you want to keep your womb? You don't need a womb at your age.' That's very upsetting. It's very insulting."
With her mind made up, she searched for an interventional radiologist to ask if she could be a candidate for UFE. "I was very lucky. I had Dr. Cheryl Hoffman from UCLA. She was so supportive. She was so impressed that I had fought for UFE."
With Dr. Hoffman, Shelaagh finally got the relief she fought so hard for. Using words like "comfortable" and "not painful" to describe the approximately hour-long UFE procedure, she was pleased with her experience. Only having "a little ache" for a week afterwards—she was able to start dancing again within two to three weeks.
"The result for me is I don't feel tired anymore. I feel younger than I was then. I have far more energy…[and] a flatter looking tummy," she said. "It's been just over a year now. My fibroid is still there but it is a lot smaller and lighter."
Back on the dance floor, able to move the body she knows so well and fought so hard to protect, Shelaagh avidly encourages women everywhere to "ask for UFE."
Treating Fibroids from the Wrist
For over 20 years, interventional radiologists have performed uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), providing women a nonsurgical option to treat their fibroids. Recently, some of these doctors have started taking a different approach to this decades-old procedure. Instead of accessing fibroids through the groin, patients are offered a safe and effective alternative—the wrist. A growing number of interventional radiologists report that this technique has improved patient care and comfort both during the UFE procedure and recovery.
Uterine fibroids affect up to 40 percent of women 35 years of age and older1 and
can cause symptoms such as heavy painful periods, pelvic pressure, painful intercourse, and urinary incontinence. But in order to treat these noncancerous growths, interventional radiologists have to reach them first.
Traditionally, the femoral artery in the groin has been the go-to access site when performing UFE. Making a small incision in the skin, an interventional radiologist threads a thin catheter through the femoral artery into the uterine arteries that feed blood to the fibroids. Tiny particles are injected into the uterine arteries, blocking blood flow to the fibroids, causing them to significantly shrink and scar down into the surrounding tissues. Studies show that UFE can offer an approximate 90 percent cure rate.2
With a continuous drive to improve UFE, interventional radiologists have now found they can just as easily access fibroids using the radial artery in the wrist.
This approach, formally known as percutaneous transradial access, was first used in 1989 to perform a coronary angiography (a test that uses dye and special x-rays to show the arteries supplying blood to a patient's heart). Today, in some parts of the world, transradial access is used for 80 percent or more of interventional coronary procedures.3
"Transradial access provides many benefits for patients," said Dr. Neil Resnick, Chief of the Division of Interventional Radiology at NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem, and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. "My UFE patients may assume the most comfortable positions during recovery without worrying about major bleeding complications if they bend at their hip. They may sit up right away and are able to move around much earlier. Issues related to patient modesty, religious preferences, and groin sensitivity are minimized."
These advantages reflect the results of large multicenter studies that have revealed more than 90 percent of patients who have experienced both transfemoral and transradial access for cardiovascular care would choose transradial if they had to undergo another procedure.4
Initially, data on transradial safety and efficacy were mainly limited to interventional cardiology studies. But the many benefits of the transradial approach are transferrable to procedures that treat conditions beyond the heart—and research is emerging to support this.
"Cardiologists have studied thousands of these procedures, which have been shown to be safer compared with their traditional transfemoral counterparts," Dr. Resnick explained. "Transradial access is presumably safer still during interventional radiology procedures, especially UFE, given that these patients tend to have significantly less cardiovascular disease and aren't routinely given high doses of blood thinning medications."
A 2016 clinical study published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology5 followed the recovery of over 900 patients who underwent more than 1500 transradial access interventional procedures—UFE being one such procedure. Fischman and a team of experts at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai evaluated patient progress after 30 days and found transradial access to have a success rate of greater than 98 percent with virtually negligible complications reported.
These results mirrored those seen in a smaller study where success rates reached 100 percent with no immediate major or minor complications.6
However, just as with any medical procedure—albeit minimal—transradial access does have its risks. According to Dr. Resnick, the more common risks include slight bruising at the puncture site, inflammation of the radial artery, arterial spasm, and, very rarely, silent arterial blockage.
"Major complications involving significant bleeding or injury to the radial artery requiring repair are exceedingly rare events," he added. "Any risk to the fingers is minimized when [specific tests] are performed ahead of time." Stroke is another risk associated with transradial access, but "to date, there are no published reports of stroke caused by transradial interventional radiology procedures."
Most importantly, patients now have options when it comes to choosing an access site for UFE—transfemoral or transradial. This can be especially important for women with fibroids. "Over the years I've received a number of calls from patients who sought to reschedule their UFE on account of having their period at the time they are to undergo the procedure," Dr. Resnick explained. "My transradial patients are quite pleased when I remind them that I won't be working from the groin and we may proceed as scheduled."
For patients who have chosen UFE through their wrist, Dr. Resnick said the reviews have been positive. "Patients are amazed by transradial access, and they love it." This technique is becoming increasingly available to patients, reported Dr. Resnick. "There will always be resistance to change among physicians who have been performing a procedure the same way for many years. However, I'm seeing more and more interventional radiologists undertake transradial access once they learn of its many benefits."
ABOUT THE DOCTOR Neil J. Resnick MD is Chief of the Division of Interventional Radiology at NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem, and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. Through his research and diverse experience in Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Resnick strives to improve the field of Interventional Radiology with the goal of providing patients with the best care possible.
1. Society of Interventional Radiology. (2016). Uterine Fibroid Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. Retrieved February 9, 2016, from http://www.sirweb.org/patients/uterine-fibroids/
2. McLucas, B., Voorhees Iii, W. D., & Elliott, S. (2015). Fertility after uterine artery embolization: a review. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies, 2: 1-7.
3. Global Radial Adoption. Taken from https://thinkradial.com/for-patients/the-basics
4. Jolly S.S., Amlani S., Hamon M., Yusuf S., Mehta S.R. (2009) Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or intervention and the impact on major bleeding and ischemic events: a systematic review and metanalysis of randomized trials. American Heart Journal. 157:132-140.
5. Posham, R., Biederman, D. M., Patel, R. S., Kim, E., Tabori, N. E., Nowakowski, F. S., Lookstein, R. A., Fischman, A. M. (2016). Transradial approach for noncoronary interventions: a single-center review of safety and feasibility in the first 1500 cases. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 27(2): 159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.10.026
6. Resnick, N. J., Kim, E., Patel, R. S., Lookstein, R. A., Nowakowski, F. S., &Fischman, A. M. (2014). Uterine artery embolization using a transradial approach: initial experience and technique. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 25: 443-447. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2013.11.010
UFE: An Internet-Driven Treatment Option
Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE)—also known as uterine artery embolization (UAE)—is one of many fibroid treatment options available to women. However, unlike other fibroid therapies and procedures, studies show UFE's growing popularity may not come from doctor referral but instead from an entirely different source—the Internet.
Although UFE was first used to ease heavy bleeding after childbirth,1 it wasn't until the mid 1970s that it was also seen to alleviate symptoms associated with fibroids.
Nearly two decades later, UFE was analyzed for its safety and effectiveness in fibroid treatment. In the early stages, it was seen to have a 70 percent success rate.2 Today UFE has been found to be 90 percent<sup">3 effective in treating fibroid-related symptoms like heavy painful periods, urinary incontinence, pelvic pressure, and painful intercourse.
Despite these findings, approximately 600,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in the US alone4—many of which are done to treat benign conditions like fibroids. And according to research, these numbers may reflect a lag in patient knowledge regarding minimally invasive treatment options, like UFE. Women have reported their doctors recommending hysterectomy but no other alternatives, prompting them to learn about UFE in other ways.
"[Uterine fibroid embolization] development has been largely driven by patients seeking a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy," wrote Dr. James Spies, MD MPH and Dr. Jean-Pierre Pelage, MD PHD, authors of the book Uterine Artery Embolization and Gynecologic Embolotherapy.5 This revolutionary movement, they continued, could be largely attributed to the development of the Internet, which allows patients to explore more treatment options available to them.
With the push of a button, women can now explore the web for fibroid information, locate interventional radiologists who perform UFE, and find strength among thousands of other women who belong to online fibroid support groups.
However, this endless information comes with a catch. Ease of accessibility doesn't always guarantee reliability. Using the keywords "uterine artery embolization," a team of experts led by A. N. Tavare of the British Medical Journal Publishing Group, British Medical Association House in London, UK investigated the top 50 results from three major search engines. The results published in CardioVasular and Interventional Radiology6 revealed that although these sites scored high in the categories of accessibility and user-friendliness at 80 percent and 77 percent respectively, they were only 39 percent reliable.
The main problem? The authors found that the information published online often didn't have any evidence cited to support it. The authors noted that as women search online for answers, it's important they seek websites that contain researched information when making decisions about their fibroid care.
Uterine Fibroids: Treating fibroids non-invasively. (2015). Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE). Retrieved October 30, 2015, from http://www.uterine-fibroids.org/uae.html
Gonsalves, C. (2008). Uterine artery embolization for treatment of symptomatic fibroids. Seminars in Interventional Radiology, 25(4): 369-377. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1103001
McLucas, B., Voorhees Iii, W. D., & Elliott, S. (2015). Fertility after uterine artery embolization: a review. Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies, 2: 1-7.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Hysterectomy in the United States, 2000-2004. Retrieved February 19, 2016, from
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/
Spies, J. B., & Pelage, J. (2005). Uterine artery embolization and gynecologic embolotherapy (1st ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Tavare, A. N., Alsafi, A., & Hamady, M. S. (2012). Analysis of the quality of information obtained about uterine artery embolization for the Internet. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 35(6): 1355-1362.
There's No 'I' in Team: Research Shows Gynecologist and Interventional Radiologist Collaboration is Best for Fibroid Care
Although the roles of gynecologist and interventional radiologist seem like two unrelated specialties when treating uterine fibroids, researchers have found the opposite to be true. Working together as a team has resulted in a win-win situation for doctors—and most importantly—for patients.
"One of the challenges if you're a specialist in gynecology or radiology is that you really only have one tool," said Dr. Christopher Tarnay, Clinical Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Urology at UCLA School of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Fibroid Treatment Program at UCLA in Los Angeles, Calif. "You tend to only offer the tools you have available to that patient. If you're a gynecologist, you have medications or surgery. If you're an interventional radiologist, you'll offer the things you have in your tool belt like uterine fibroid embolization (UFE)."
Currently a reality of our healthcare system, this prevalent gap between specialties could be doing patients more harm than good. Without full disclosure of all fibroid treatment options, a woman may potentially undergo a procedure that doesn't align with what she wants or needs.
"Patients are increasingly opting for less invasive therapies compared to the past, when hysterectomy was considered the mainstay of treatment," said Dr. Neil Resnick, Chief of the Division of Interventional Radiology at NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. "Patients see tremendous benefits when gynecologists and radiologists collaborate strongly. All patients requiring invasive fibroid treatment are evaluated by both specialties at my institution. Our patients may choose from the entire spectrum of anti-fibroid therapies. We have found that comprehensive care is optimal for addressing women's health needs."
But this collaboration hasn't always come easy. Gynecologists may disagree with practicing in a collaborative manner for fear of losing patients—instead the opposite has been observed. "My colleagues found over time they did not lose all of their patients," Dr. Resnick discussed referencing his institution's collaborative environment. "And [patients] who returned to them after UFE were very satisfied with the results and pleased with the referral they made."
To investigate how a cooperative referral relationship affected patient and doctor experience, a team of experts led by R. K. Zurawin at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, tracked the course of fibroid treatment among 226 women. Of these women, 138 were referred to an interventional radiologist by a gynecologist and 88 were self-referred.
The results, published in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology1, revealed that 62 percent of the women were candidates for UFE and 38 percent had the procedure done during the study. Those who didn't undergo UFE returned to the referring gynecologist for further care.
In terms of patient satisfaction—whether women underwent UFE or another treatment—70 percent of those self-referred and 92 percent of those gynecologist-referred reported being satisfied with their original gynecologist and were referred back to their doctor.
A reported 8 percent of gynecologist-referred women were dissatisfied and switched to another doctor mainly because of "the gynecologist's failure to fully disclose treatment options or offer desired minimally invasive procedures."
From a business perspective, collaboration with an interventional radiologist was seen to improve "patient flow to a gynecologist practice." Including self-referred women who were sent to in-network gynecologists as new patients, researchers saw a 119 percent return rate on the original 138 women referred to a radiologist by their gynecologist.
It was concluded that establishing a "trusting, collaborative, long-term, noncompetitive" relationship between specialties not only expanded business but also was seen to meet patient needs for full disclosure of all treatment options and improve overall care.
A significant part of developing this noncompetitive relationship between doctors is recognizing the limits of each specialty and respecting these boundaries. "Gynecologists and radiologists each have different strengths to bring to the table for women with symptomatic fibroids," Dr. Resnick emphasized.
"Interventional radiologists play an important role," Dr. Tarnay agreed. "But a patient who has a fibroid really needs to first see a gynecologist who can offer a pelvic exam and evaluate all symptoms. This was the nidus for developing a comprehensive program at UCLA. The more you can collaborate and learn about other options—the better." In Dr. Tarnay's research published in the Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound2, an integrated approach at his facility was shown to increase the use of less invasive options over hysterectomy. "Our study supports the feasibility of a combined approach and likely facilitates the increased use of less invasive options over hysterectomy for fibroid treatment."
With so many treatment options available, how can a woman with fibroids ensure she's receiving comprehensive care?
Both doctors commented on the importance of working with specialists who candidly pool together their knowledge and expertise. This openness can provide a clearer picture of a woman's condition and how to effectively treat it. If this isn't a woman's experience, she should feel secure in her choice to look elsewhere.
"A patient should feel free to seek out a gynecologist who is collaborative about patient care and understands the value of UFE," Dr. Resnick stressed. "Alternatively, she may set up an appointment directly to see an interventional radiologist to discuss if she may be an appropriate candidate for the procedure. However, it is highly valuable and, in fact, necessary that she also be evaluated by a gynecologist, who can ensure her care is complete."
"Explaining all of the information with balance is the intent of collaboration," Dr. Tarnay explained. "Ultimately, it's about putting the patient's best interests first."
ABOUT THE DOCTOR Christopher Tarnay is a Clinical Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Urology at UCLA School of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Fibroid Treatment Program at UCLA. Dr. Tarnay incorporates the latest advances in minimally invasive surgery emphasizing the importance of uterine and fertility preservation. Named a Super Doctor of Southern California Los Angeles, Dr. Tarnay is American Board Certified in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery.
ABOUT THE DOCTOR Neil J. Resnick is Chief of the Division of Interventional Radiology at NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. Through his research and diverse experience in Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Dr. Resnick strives to improve the field of Interventional Radiology with the goal of providing patients with the best care possible.
Zurawin, R. K., Fischer, J. H., & Amir, L. (2010). The effect of a gynecologist-interventional radiologist relationship on selection of treatment modality for the patient with uterine myoma. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 17(2):214-221. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2009.12.015
2. Tan, N., McClure, T. D., Tarnay, C., Johnson, M.T., Lu, D.S., & Raman, S.S. (2014). Women seeking second opinion for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma: role of comprehensive fibroid center. Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound, 15(2):3. doi: 10.1186/2050-5736-2-3

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Home Environment/Energy	Why Resources Aren't 'Natural' and Will Never Run Out
Why Resources Aren't 'Natural' and Will Never Run Out
written by Steve Goreham May 15, 2019
Steve Goreham
Steve Goreham is a speaker, author, and researcher on environmental issues, energy, and public policy. He's a frequently invited guest on radio and television as well as a free-lance writer. He is the Executive Director of the Climate Science Coalition of America (CSCA), a non-political association of scientists, engineers, and citizens dedicated to informing Americans about the realities of climate science and energy economics. CSCA is the US affiliate of the International Climate Science Coalition.
Steve is the author of three books on sustainability, climate change and energy. His latest book, Outside the Green Box: Rethinking Sustainable Development, tells readers "what their green consultant didn't tell them." More than 100,000 copies of his books are now in print.
Steve holds an MS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois and an MBA from the University of Chicago. He has more than 30 years of experience at Fortune 100 and private companies in engineering and executive roles. In his last industry position, he was vice president and general manager of an engineering and manufacturing operation with 350 employees and annual sales of $300 million. Steve is a husband and father of three and resides in Illinois.
Latest posts by Steve Goreham (see all)
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Last week, the World Wildlife Fund proclaimed May 10 to be Europe's "Overshoot Day," the day that Europe consumed its portion of Earth's resources for the year. The WWF, the United Nations, and universities continue to warn that modern society is rapidly depleting our natural resources. But instead, trends show that for all practical purposes, Earth's resources will never run out.
The World Wildlife Fund proclaims August 1 this year as Earth Overshoot Day, where society will have used "more natural resources than the planet is able to produce in a 12-month period." They estimate that Overshoot Day for the United States occurred already in March, warning that the US is using four times its share of sustainable global resources.
Overshoot Day is a continuation of the long-running ideology that humans are consuming too much of Earth's resources. Environmentalist David Suzuki said, "We live in a world of finite resources. Although it may sometimes seem quite big, Earth is really very small―a tiny blue and green oasis of life in a cold universe." Margaret Beckett, UK Environment Secretary pointed out in 2006, "It is a stark and arresting fact that, since the middle of the 20th century, humankind has consumed more natural resources than in all previous human history."
Price trends are usually a good indicator of resource scarcity. The World Bank maintains a world commodity price database of 41 commodities from 1960 to present. Inflation-adjusted trends show that from 1960-2015, food prices have declined, agricultural raw material and industrial metal prices have been flat, and energy prices, dominated by the price of oil, have increased. Commodity prices fluctuate widely from decade to decade, but we don't see a rising price trend indicating resource exhaustion.
The 1972 international best-selling book Limits to Growth predicted humanity would run out of aluminum by 2027, copper by 2020, gold by 2001, lead by 2036, mercury by 2013, silver by 2014, and zinc by 2022. But today, none of these metals is in historically short supply.
Global production of industrial metals soared from 1960-2014. Annual production levels were up: aluminum (996 percent), copper (417 percent), iron ore (531 percent), lead (343 percent), nickel (455 percent), tin (66 percent), and zinc (348 percent). At the same time, the World Bank industrial metal real price index of these seven metals was flat, down a little more than one percent by 2015. World reserves of copper, iron ore, lead, and zinc stand near all-time highs. Prices are not rising as predicted by resource-depletion pessimists.
"Natural resources" is a misleading label. The term "natural resources" conveys the naive idea that food, energy, or materials can merely be plucked from a tree or gathered from a field or stream. Raw materials are natural, but resources are created by humans from raw materials.
Consider the miracle of copper refining. Rock containing copper is fragmented by explosions and then loaded onto huge trucks with 240-ton capacity. Each ton of rock contains only 13 pounds of copper. The copper ore then goes through a series of milling machines that grind the rock down to a fine powder. Next the powder goes through a flotation cell, where the copper floats to the top of a solution and is skimmed off, producing 28 percent copper concentrate. Three different furnaces come next, smelting the metal into 98 percent copper. Finally, electrolysis is used in a half-mile-long factory to produce ingots that are 99.99 percent copper. Advancing human technology continues to produce high-quality copper from ores of declining copper concentration.
But aren't we running out of raw materials to make copper metal and other resources? Most people don't realize the vast quantity of raw materials available on our planet. Canadian geologist David Brooks estimated that a single average cubic mile of Earth's crust contains a billion tons of aluminum (from bauxite), over 500 million tons of iron, a million tons of zinc and 600,000 tons of copper.
There are 57 million such square miles of Earth's land surface and almost triple that area under the surface of the oceans. Of course, only a tiny fraction of metals in Earth's crust is economically recoverable with today's technology. Nevertheless, Earth's supply of raw materials is finite, but vast.
But aren't we running out of hydrocarbon energy? In 1977, President Jimmy Carter told the nation, "World consumption of oil is still going up. If it were possible to keep it rising during the 1970s and 1980s …we could use up all the proven reserves of oil in the entire world by the end of the next decade."
President Carter and his advisors were wrong. Petroleum engineers changed the world with the technological advances of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. United States daily oil production more than doubled from 5 million barrels in 2008 over 12 million barrels today. US natural gas production also doubled over the last decade.
From 1980-2017 world petroleum production increased more than 50 percent. But world crude oil reserves increased 150 percent, from 27 years of supply to 46 years of supply at higher production rates. The same doomsayers that continue to forecast resource depletion were certain we had reached peak oil a decade ago.
Today, humanity has the greatest abundance of resources in history. Human ingenuity determines resource availability, not the amount of fruit on a tree or the number of rocks on the ground. Driven by advancing human technology, for all practical purposes, Earth's resources will never run out.
[Originally Published at the Washington Times]
Why Resources Aren't 'Natural' and Will Never Run Out was last modified: June 4th, 2019 by Steve Goreham
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text:
Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
Critical Overview
Essays and Criticism
"I'll Eat My Head"
"Please, Sir, I Want Some More"
"The Law Is A Ass–a Idiot"
Teaching Guide
Ideas for Reports and Papers
Topics for Further Study
What happens in Oliver Twist?
In Oliver Twist, Oliver is born in a poor house. He's later sold to an undertaker, from whom he runs away. Oliver then has a series of adventures with the Artful Dodger, the criminal mastermind Fagin, and a woman who turns out to be his aunt.
Oliver spends part of his childhood in a workhouse for the poor, where one day he goes up to a cook and says his famous lines, "Please, sir, may I have some more?"
After he meets the Artful Dodger and the evil Fagin, he unwittingly joins their gang and becomes a pickpocket.
Oliver is arrested, reprieved, kidnapped, and forced to break into the house of a woman who turns out to be his aunt. He inherits a decent sum of money and thereafter lives a respectable life.
Download Oliver Twist Study Guide
(Masterpieces of World Literature, Critical Edition)
The first chapters of Dickens's first "true" novel, Oliver Twist, which he began to write concurrently with the picaresque adventures of Mr. Pickwick, form a hard-hitting satire on the inhuman cruelties of the New Poor Laws of 1834. These dictated that society's jobless and desperate should be virtually imprisoned in harsh institutions known as workhouses. Into one of these a little bastard boy is born—the lowest of the low, christened "Oliver Twist" by a pompous parish official, Mr. Bumble the beadle. Yet Oliver is in fact a gentleman by blood, with a fortune awaiting him, for his story is also a romance of origins, a battered child's wish fulfillment.
The Parish Boy's Progress (to use Dickens's subtitle) really starts when Oliver draws the short straw among a group of starving workhouse boys and must approach the master at dinnertime to utter his famous request: "Please, sir, I want some more." He is promptly sold to an undertaker, whose wife locks him up among the coffins for punishment. He escapes to London, where he is befriended by a streetwise boy, the Artful Dodger, who initiates him into the all-boy household of an "old gentleman" called Fagin (the name of one of Dickens's companions at the blacking factory), a criminal mastermind. Innocent as ever, it is not until Oliver is mistakenly arrested that he realizes that his new friends are pickpockets. During his trial at the police court, the gentleman, Mr. Brownlow, whom he is supposed to have robbed, recognizes Oliver's innate goodness and takes him into his home.
All seems safe—but Oliver knows too much about wily, demonic Fagin and his companion-in-crime, Bill Sikes. Sikes's woman, Nancy, a prostitute, is employed to steal Oliver back—an act that she immediately regrets and tries to repair. Sikes tries to seal Oliver's degradation and his power over him by employing him on a housebreaking expedition. The plan misfires when Oliver is shot crawling through the window of a country house and is taken in by the gentle people he is supposed to be robbing—an old lady and her ward, who eventually turns out to be Oliver's aunt.
As this excess of coincidences indicates, the second half of the novel is inferior to the first. Good eventually defeats evil, and Oliver inherits the heaven of respectable middle-classness, hardly a radical solution to a novel that trumpets its social criticism. Creative energy dissipates, however, when the action leaves the nightmare underworld of London, which seems almost a projection or map of...
(The entire section is 682 words.)
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Oliver Twist Homework Help Questions
How does Charles Dickens represent marriage in Oliver Twist?
There are two prominent depictions of marriage that Dickens draws in Oliver Twist The first is that marriage is necessary between young people who act so as to bring a baby into the world. This is...
What is a short summary of Oliver Twist's conclusion?
Here is a summary of what happens to some of the characters at the end of the story:Oliver: learns that he and Monks are half-brothers. Monks's father was in love with a girl named Agnes, who died...
How does Oliver Twist get his name?
Oliver Twist was named according to an alphabetical system used to name orphans but the name is actually a play on words. Oliver Twist is, in fact, "all of a twist". Although born in a poorhouse,...
What is the major theme of Dickens' novel Oliver Twist and is it a novel or a novella?
The primary theme in "Oliver Twist" is the age-old battle between good and evil. As quoted in Enotes, Dickens once wrote that he "wished to show, in little Oliver, the principle of...
What happens in Chapter 7 of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens? Please give a short summary.
Chapter seven presents some very important events in the novel, Oliver Twist. When it begins, we find Noah frantically searching for Mr Bumble to tell him of their confrontation. Noah embellishes...
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ACCEPTED

#### According to
International Plant Names Index

#### Published in
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 72:124. 1922

#### Original name
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### Remarks
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Ziegfeld Collection earrings in sterling silver with freshwater cultured pearls. | Tiffany & Co.
Inspired by Tiffany creations from the 1920s, this collection echoes the bold and lavish design of the iconic Ziegfeld Theatre and the elegance of the Jazz Age. Art Deco details accentuate elegant pearls in these classic earrings.


text:
Half of people don't understand state pension changes, DWP poll finds
Open-access content Tuesday 18th November 2014
Almost half of UK people have no idea how changes to the state pension will affect them, a Department for Work and Pensions poll has revealed.
A survey of more than 2,200 adults aged 22-plus (of which 1,443 were yet to retire) was carried out on behalf of the DWP to explore the public's awareness and understanding of the current and incoming state pension system.
From April 2016, a flat-rate state pension will come in, but 44% of those polled admitted that they were unaware how the changes would impact them, while just 22% were aware.
Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith said: 'The new state pension is one of this government's boldest reforms; it will give people clarity over their retirement income, significantly reduce the means testing of pensioners and put right inequalities affecting women, low earners and the self-employed.'
Pensions minister Steve Webb added that the reform was 'a real game changer'.
He said: 'Arriving in April 2016, the new state pension will help create a simplicity that hasn't existed in decades. It will give workers the knowledge that there is a strong foundation upon which they can build their savings.'
A further 42% of non-retired people admitted that they still needed to find out more about saving for retirement, while 38% said they 'try to avoid thinking about' what will happen when they stop working.
And only 60% of all adults polled knew it was possible to take action to increase their State Pension.
The reforms will tackle 'inequalities of the past', the DWP said, noting that women, carers, low earners and the self-employed would benefit most from the changes, making it easier for them to plan for later life.
DWPs analysis suggests that in the first ten years that around 650,000 women are expected to benefit from the transition valuation, receiving on average £8 a week more in state pension.
Under the new system, pensioners would in time receive around £150 a week or over if they have 35 years of full-rate National Insurance contributions, but those soon to retire will need to check what it means for them, with traditional arrangements in place as the system switchover.
This survey coincides with the launch of a new multi-channel campaign, called 'Your Pension, Your Future', and is designed to explain the reforms and how people can get the most out of it.
Yesterday, the department launched a radio 'soapbox' tour to publicise the wider pension reforms that are due to come in next April.
This article appeared in our November 2014 issue of The Actuary.


text:
HOME | SEARCH | AUTHORS | HELP
Journal Issues
JETP, Vol. 30, No. 2, February 1970
(Russian original - ZhETF, Vol. 57, No. 2 , February 1970)
The Anisotropy of the Superconducting Properties of Niobium Diselenide and the Relationship between the Properties and the Crystal Structure and Composition
E.A. Antonova, S.A. Medvedev, I. Yu. Shebalin
Indicatrix and Spectra of Stimulated Raman Scattering Excited by Picosecond Optical Pulses in Liquids
M.A. Bol'shov, Yu. I. Golyaev, V.S. Dneprovskii, I.I. Nurminskii
Effect of Pressure on the Shubnikov-de Haas Effect in Antimony
N. Ya. Minina, V.V. Lavrova
Effect of Magnetic Field on the Faraday Effect in Erbium, Terbium, and Holmium Iron Garnets
G.S. Krinchik, S.A. Gushchina
Exchange Interactions in Cobalt Garnets
K.P. Belov, B.V. Mill', V.I. Sokolov, Than Duc Hien
Pulsed Laser Action on CO Electronic Transitions with Cooling of the Gas
M.D. Baranov, V.M. Kaslin, G.G. Petrash
Spectral Distribution of the Radiation of Shock Waves in Noble Gases
E.G. Popov, M.A. Tsikulin
Investigation of Some Hexagonal Ferrites with an M Structure by Employing the Mössbauer Effect
T.A. Khimich, V.F. Belov, M.N. Shipko, E.V. Korneev
tudy of the Energy Spectrum of Secondary Electrons Arising from Passage of α Particles and Fission Fragments through Thin Foils
V.M. Agranovich, D.K. Daukeev, Yu. V. Konobeev, S. Ya. Lebedev
Creation of Population Inversion in Polyatomic Molecules through the Energy of Chemical Reactions
M.S. Dzhidzhoev, M.I. Pimenov, V.G. Platonenko, Yu. V. Filippov, R.V. Khokhlov
"Slow" Depolarization of μ+ Mesons in Some Materials
E.V. Minaichev, G.G. Myasishcheva, Yu. V. Obukhov, V.S. Roganov, G.I. Savel'ev, V.G. Firsov
Charge Exchange of Alkali Metal Ions in Alkali Metal Vapor and Inert Gases
L.I. Pivovar, L.I. Nikolaichuk, A.N. Grigor'ev
Effect of a Weak Magnetic Field on the Hyperfine Structure of Fe3+ Móssbauer Spectra in Paramagnetic Substances with Nonaxial Symmetry of the Crystal Field
I.P. Suzdalev, V.F. Korneev, Yu. F. Krupyanskii
Resonant Radiative Processes
T. Ya. Popova, A.K. Popov, S.G. Rautian, A.A. Feoktistov
Finite Amplitude Ion Acoustic Waves in an Unstable Plasma
A.V. Shut'ko
Electron Scattering and the Conductivity of a Film with Surface Defects
E.M. Baskin, M.V. Entin
Exciton Polarons and Plasma-exciton Waves
E.L. Nagaev
Theory of Waves Close to the Exact Solutions of Nonlinear Electrodynamics and Optics. II
V.M. Eleonskii, V.P. Silin
Absorption and Dispersion of Sound in a Superfluid Liquid near the λ Point
I.M. Khalatnikov
Some Features of Threshold Absorption of High-frequency Magnetic Field by a Uniaxial Antiferromagnet
L.D. Filatova, V.M. Tsukernik
Fluctuations in Semiconductors in a Strong Electric Field and the Scattering of Light by "Hot" Electrons
S.V. Gantsevich, V.L. Gurevich, R. Katilyus
Parametric Luminescence in Crystals Involving Polariton Excitation
V.V. Obukhovskii, V.L. Strizhevskii
Effect of External Fields on the Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions and Surface Tension
I.V. Ioffe
Spectral Diffusion in Inhomogeneously Broadened EPR Lines
N.A. Efremov, A.M. Kozhushner
Temperature Dependence of the Coercive Force of Ferrimagnets near the Compensation Temperature
B.P. Goranskii, A.K. Zvezdin
Angular Dependence of the Amplitude of Giant Sound-absorption Oscillations
Y.M. Gal'perin
Establishment of an Equilibrium Distribution of Nonlocalized Excitons in Magnetic Crystals
E.G. Petrov
Recombination Radiation in Semiconductors during the Pinch Effect under Conditions of Strong Degeneracy of the Electron Gas
I.I. Boiko, V.V. Vladimirov, A.P. Shotov
Weak Turbulence of Helicons in an Electron-hole Plasma
V.M. Yakovenko
Cascade Ionization of a Gas during Optical Breakdown in a Wide Range of Radiation Fluxes
Yu. V. Afanas'ev, E.M. Belenov, O.N. Krokhin, I.A. PoIuektov
Vibrational Relaxation and Population Inversion in the CO2 Molecule in Nonstationary Conditions
A.S. Biryukov, B.F. Gordiets, L.A. Shelepin
Nonlinear High-frequency Properties of Thin Superconducting Films
I.O. Kulik
Contribution to the Theory of the Dynamics of Injection Lasers
N.V. Basov, V.N. Morozov
Finite-amplitude Wave Beams in a Magnetoactive Plasma
A.G. Litvak
Kinetic Phenomena near the Critical Point of Binary Mixtures
M. Sh. Giterman, E.E. Gorodetskii
Influence of Impurities on an Isomorphic Phase Transition
V.L. Pokrovskii, G.V. Uimin
Positron Production during the Mutual Approach of Heavy Nuclei and the Polarization of the Vacuum
S.S. Gershtein, Ya. B. Zel'dovich
Translational Invariance in Uniform Fields and the Equation for the Density Matrix in the Wigner Representation
I.B. Levinson
An "Averaged" Phase Transition
I.E. Dzyaloshinskii, A.M. Dykhne
Quadratic Corrections to the Lagrangian Density of the Gravitational Field and the Singularity
T.V. Ruzmaikina, A.A. Ruzmaikin
Disturbance of a Nonisothermal Plasma by a Body Moving with Supersonic Velocity
N.I. Bud'ko
Motion of a Particle in a Linear Periodic Array of Small-radius Potential Wells in Quantum Mechanics
Yu. N. Demkov, R. Subramanian


Supply and Demand are Up, but Certification is Waning. What to Do? :: Start Here, Go Places.
As you may know, every two years, the AICPA publishes a Trends Report outlining the latest hiring trends in the accounting profession. In the 2013 edition, the report indicates "very positive signs on both the supply and the demand side of the equation," which is great news for everyone, including your students. Other reports, though, indicate that although more people are entering the accounting profession, fewer are getting certified as CPAs. We think this pair of trends is something you and your students ought to know a little more about.
The numbers in the Trends Report showed conclusively that accounting enrollments and degrees are being awarded at all-time highs, indicating very strong interest in accounting as a career. Equally encouraging is that hiring by public accounting firms is also at an all-time high, meaning all those aspiring students have a pretty favorable set of job prospects to look forward to. In fact, hiring demand has surpassed its previous all-time high, set in 2006-2007, and in 2013 that demand reflected 40,350 new accounting graduates hired by CPA firms.
You can also tell your students – and be backed by the Institute of Internal Auditors as you do so – that the people hiring in the internal audit departments are looking to hire even more. More than 40% of those departments said they plan to increase their spending, and half plan to maintain their current levels.
But while the numbers of accounting degrees and accounting grads hired are both up, the number of CPA certifications being awarded is down. This could mean that while accountant-hopefuls see the industry as a great one to get into, they don't fully understand the benefits of taking the extra step to become a CPA. We can fix this.
Sure, whatever an aspiring CPA may have heard about the grueling nature of the CPA Exam is true. But on the other side of that exam, the career benefits will more than make up for the 18-month window of stress.
Let's start with the one that will grab your students' attention the most: money. That's right – CPAs make 10-15% more than non-CPAs for the same accounting job. Other studies have shown the gap as high as 41% between the certified and uncertified. Why? Because CPAs come with a virtual guarantee (from being licensed by their state) that they have the education, ethics, experience and exam under their belts to back up their work. Students should know that CPAs can charge and earn more for their services because they are bound to high work standards, ethics and professionalism.
Another solid reason for your accounting-inclined students to become CPAs is the additional job security, especially because they can do things that non-CPAs simply don't have the legal authority to do. Plus, being licensed makes it easier to climb the corporate ladder to CFO or go in any direction they want and do something completely different. And with many current CPAs reaching retirement, the firms and companies they work for are looking to fill their shoes with – not surprisingly – other CPAs.
Respect. Prestige. Clout. Whatever you want to call it, it's yet another benefit to holding a CPA designation. In a group of accountants, those with their CPA automatically stand out. And, like other post-name letters, such as Ph.D. or M.D., CPA has a certain air of impressiveness to it. In fact, CPAs are now considered the most trusted advisors in business.
So the next time your students show any interest or aptitude in accounting, make sure they understand not only that the accounting profession is a great choice offering lots of benefits, but also that the CPA designation offers all of that – and then some.


text:
if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
  echo "You must set the JAVA_HOME variable before running CARBON."
  exit 1
fi

# OS specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
cygwin=false
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"

while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '.*/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
  fi
done

# Get standard environment variables
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`

# Only set CARBON_HOME if not already set
[ -z "$CARBON_HOME" ] && CARBON_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." ; pwd`

# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
if $cygwin; then
  [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CARBON_HOME" ] && CARBON_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CARBON_HOME"`
  [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
fi

# For OS400
if $os400; then
  # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using
  # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests
  # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.
  COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'
  system $COMMAND

  # Enable multi threading
  QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
  export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED
fi

# update classpath
CARBON_CLASSPATH=""
for f in "$CARBON_HOME"/../../lib/*.jar
do
  CARBON_CLASSPATH=$CARBON_CLASSPATH:$f
done
for f in "$CARBON_HOME"/../lib/*.jar
do
  CARBON_CLASSPATH=$CARBON_CLASSPATH:$f
done
CARBON_CLASSPATH=$CARBON_CLASSPATH:$CLASSPATH

# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
if $cygwin; then
  JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
  CARBON_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CARBON_HOME"`
  CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
  JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
fi

CARBON_CLASSPATH=$CARBON_CLASSPATH:$CARBON_HOME/../lib/runtimes/cxf3/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

"$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" \
-classpath "$CARBON_CLASSPATH" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CARBON_HOME/tmp" \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$CARBON_HOME/../../lib/bps-endorsed":"$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/endorsed":"$JAVA_HOME/lib/endorsed" \
-Dcarbon.components.dir.path="$CARBON_HOME/../../wso2/components/plugins/" \
-Duser.timezone="GMT" \
-Dcarbon.home="$CARBON_HOME" \
 org.wso2.ei.businessprocess.utils.migration.MigrationExecutor $*


A Rhododendron with strikingly coloured flowers!
A fabulous, evergreen, broad-growing shrub that flowers in a very unusual colour changing combination - pink, yellow and white. At first glance, the flowers look a salmon pink but with a closer inspection you can see the individual colours. Rhododendron 'Percy Wiseman' will look just beautiful in a shady shrubbery, you really should get one. Will also thrive in a large planter on a shady patio or decking and will live there quite happily for many years.
Order this adorable plant now and enjoy the exceptional flowers in spring.
Delivery height 20-25 cm, pot size Ø 13 cm.
Plant your rhododendron bush in a container or in the garden upon receipt. Keep the root ball nice and moist – soak it in a bucket of lukewarm water. Use a pot with holes in the base and be sure to layer the bottom with potsherds or hydro-granules before adding potting compost. Use fresh potting compost and plant at the right depth. Fill up with more fresh potting compost and press the plant well in. When planting in the garden, dig a nice wide hole and loosen the soil with a fork. Plant your rhododendron so that the top of the root ball lies just under soil level and fill up the hole with more soil before heeling in. Water immediately. A rhoddodendron likes acidic, humus rich soil so improve garden soil with compost. Clay soil is not so good for rhododendrons so is best avoided or replaced. Part shade or full shade is best.
A Rhododendron is a strong shrub that is very undemanding. You just need to ensure that the soil around the base of the plant doesn't dry out. Carefully snip off overblown flowers without damaging the new bud just below. When shoots get too long you can safely prune them away. Older shrubs can be thinned out by removing a few thicker stems and a rhododendron can be cut hard back to rejuvenate it but of course you will then loose flowers that year.
The much-loved rhododendron is a sturdy shrub that retains its foliage over the winter. The large flower clusters appear from May onwards with flowers in a lovely, bright shade of purple. The centre of each flower is a shade lighter with pretty markings. This rhododendron will become quite a large shrub in the garden. Potted, it will remain more compact. Looks lovely on its own, looks fabulous together with a Camelia.
Rhododendron is classified under Ericaceae (the heather family).


text:
Q: Remember selected day and show list after refresh I've a layout (Let's call it WeekReservations) with different textview which represent the days of this month. For each day there's a listview with reservations. The listview is for each day different. Also for each selected day you can make a reservation.
First time landing on WeekReservations

First time landing on this page won't show anything until you choose a day.
After selecting a day

Default, if I land on this page there are no selected days. Which means I can't see a listview until I choose a day. When I make a reservation and submit it, I will be directed back to the WeekReservations page (to redirect them back, I've refreshed this page).
To do the refresh I used these line of codes:
var intent = new Intent (this, typeof(WeekViewActivity));
            intent.SetFlags (ActivityFlags.ClearTop);
            StartActivity (intent);

All the data will be updated correctly. Until here it works all fine.
But the problem is, when I'm directed back to the WeekReservations page, I won't be seeing the day with the list of reservations where I made my reservation. I need to choose the day again (the day where I made the reservation) to see my recent made reservation.
I've tried to remember the id selected day and pass it through the activities and pass it back to the WeekReservations activity. But this gave me an error. because if it's the first time landing on this page there won't be anything to pass to this WeekReservations activity.
My question is:
Is there a way to remember which day the user has selected (to make a reservation) and show this selected day with list of reservations after the refresh?
If it's still unclear what I'm asking or lacking details, please feel free to point that out. I'll do my best to explain myself

UPDATE
Below is my code how I did it until now:
WeekViewActivity.cs
Code for choosing a day and show the listview and making a reservation
namespace iChargeClassTest
{
    [Activity (Label = "WeekViewActivity", Theme =     "@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar")]
    public class WeekViewActivity : Activity
{
    List<WeekReservationClass> result;
    string myCPID;
    string myCPAddress;

    TextView showDay1, showDay2, showDay3, showDay4, showDay5, showDay6, showDay7, selectedDay;
    Button makeBooking;

    int totalDays;
    DateTime chosenDateCP;
    List<WeekReservationClass> newList = new List<WeekReservationClass> ();

    private List<ReservationTime> myItems;
    private ListView mListView;

    protected async override void OnCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        base.OnCreate (savedInstanceState);
        SetContentView (Resource.Layout.WeekViewLayout);

        TextView showCurrentMonth = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtCurrentMonth);
        showCurrentMonth.Text = DateTime.Now.ToMonthName ();

        showDay1 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtToday);
        showDay2 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay2);
        showDay3 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay3);
        showDay4 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay4);
        showDay5 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay5);
        showDay6 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay6);
        showDay7 = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtDay7);

        makeBooking = FindViewById<Button> (Resource.Id.btnBooking);

        selectedDay = FindViewById<TextView> (Resource.Id.txtSelectedDay);

        showDay1.Text = DateTime.Today.Day.ToString ();
        showDay2.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (1).Day.ToString ();
        showDay3.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (2).Day.ToString ();
        showDay4.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (3).Day.ToString ();
        showDay5.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (4).Day.ToString ();
        showDay6.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (5).Day.ToString ();
        showDay7.Text = DateTime.Today.AddDays (6).Day.ToString ();

        mListView = FindViewById<ListView> (Resource.Id.myListView);
        myItems = new List<ReservationTime> ();

        myCPID = Settings.CharchingPoint_ID;
        myCPAddress = Settings.CharchingPointAddress;
        selectedDay.Text = myCPAddress;

        //get all the reservations from webservice
        try {
            string pathUrl = "reservations/weekReservations/";
            string currentToken = Settings.Token;

            var getResponse = await RequestClass.GetData (pathUrl, currentToken);

            result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<WeekReservationClass>> (getResponse);

        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Console.WriteLine ("Check error: " + ex);
        }

        showDay1.Click += ShowDay1_Click;
        showDay2.Click += ShowDay2_Click;
        showDay3.Click += ShowDay3_Click;
        showDay4.Click += ShowDay4_Click;
        showDay5.Click += ShowDay5_Click;
        showDay6.Click += ShowDay6_Click;
        showDay7.Click += ShowDay7_Click;

        makeBooking.Click += MakeBooking_Click;
    }

    void MakeBooking_Click (object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Settings.ChosenReservationDate = chosenDateCP.ToString ();
        Settings.CharchingPoint_ID = myCPID;
        StartActivity (typeof(ReservationHoursActivity));
    }

    //get and show reservation in listview
    void ShowDay7_Click (object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        totalDays = int.Parse (showDay7.Text) - DateTime.Today.Day;
        chosenDateCP = DateTime.Today.AddDays (totalDays);

        myItems.Clear ();
        newList.Clear ();
        mListView.Adapter = null;

        //loop through json to get only reservation for day 7
        for (int i = 0; i < result.Count; i++) {
            Console.WriteLine (Convert.ToDateTime (result [i].startTime));

            if (Convert.ToDateTime (result [i].startTime).Date == chosenDateCP.Date && result [i].chargingPointID == myCPID) {

                var newReservation = new WeekReservationClass ();

                newReservation._id = result [i]._id;
                newReservation.endTime = result [i].endTime;
                newReservation.startTime = result [i].startTime;
                newReservation.chargingPointID = result [i].chargingPointID;
                newReservation.userID = result [i].userID;
                newReservation.__v = result [i].__v;
                newReservation.modified_at = result [i].modified_at;
                newReservation.created_at = result [i].created_at;

                newList.Add (newReservation);
            } else {
                Console.WriteLine ("failed");
            }
        }

        //loop through filtered list and show in listview
        for (int j = 0; j < newList.Count; j++) {
            Console.WriteLine (newList [j].startTime);
            myItems.Add (new ReservationTime () {
                StartTime = Convert.ToDateTime (newList [j].startTime), EndTime = Convert.ToDateTime (newList [j].endTime)
            });
        }
        MyListViewAdapter myadapter = new MyListViewAdapter (this, myItems);

        if (myadapter.IsEmpty) {
            Toast.MakeText (this, "There are no reservations for today", ToastLength.Long).Show ();
        } else {
            mListView.Adapter = myadapter;
        }

    }

    void ShowDay6_Click (object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        totalDays = int.Parse (showDay6.Text) - DateTime.Today.Day;
        chosenDateCP = DateTime.Today.AddDays (totalDays);

        myItems.Clear ();
        newList.Clear ();
        mListView.Adapter = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < result.Count; i++) {
            Console.WriteLine (Convert.ToDateTime (result [i].startTime));
            if (Convert.ToDateTime (result [i].startTime).Date == chosenDateCP.Date && result [i].chargingPointID == myCPID) {

                var newReservation = new WeekReservationClass ();

                newReservation._id = result [i]._id;
                newReservation.endTime = result [i].endTime;
                newReservation.startTime = result [i].startTime;
                newReservation.chargingPointID = result [i].chargingPointID;
                newReservation.userID = result [i].userID;
                newReservation.__v = result [i].__v;
                newReservation.modified_at = result [i].modified_at;
                newReservation.created_at = result [i].created_at;

                newList.Add (newReservation);
            } else {
                Console.WriteLine ("failed");
            }
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < newList.Count; j++) {
            Console.WriteLine (newList [j].startTime);
            myItems.Add (new ReservationTime () {
                StartTime = Convert.ToDateTime (newList [j].startTime), EndTime = Convert.ToDateTime (newList [j].endTime)
            });
        }
        MyListViewAdapter myadapter = new MyListViewAdapter (this, myItems);

        if (myadapter.IsEmpty) {
            Toast.MakeText (this, "There are no reservations for today", ToastLength.Long).Show ();
        } else {
            mListView.Adapter = myadapter;
        }
    }
}

}
ReservationHoursActivity.cs
Code for making a reservation and submit it to the webwervice
namespace iChargeClassTest
{
[Activity (Label = "ReservationHoursActivity", Theme = "@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar")]
public class ReservationHoursActivity : Activity, TimePickerDialog.IOnTimeSetListener
{
    string myDate;
    string myCP_ID;
    string selectedButtonDate;

    Button submitButtonMyslot;

    protected override void OnCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        base.OnCreate (savedInstanceState);
        SetContentView (Resource.Layout.ReservationHoursLayout);

        myDate = Settings.ChosenReservationDate;
        myCP_ID = Settings.CharchingPoint_ID;

        submitButtonMyslot = FindViewById<Button> (Resource.Id.btnSubmitSlot);
        submitButtonMyslot.Click += SubmitButtonMyslot_Click;

        /*
        Code for time picker
        */
    }

    /*
        methodes for time picker
    */

    //submit reservation
    async void SubmitButtonMyslot_Click (object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //post submitted data to webservice
        try {
            string stringDateTimeEND = Convert.ToDateTime (myDate).ToShortDateString () + " " + Convert.ToDateTime (time_display_End.Text).ToLongTimeString ();
            string stringDateTimeSTART = Convert.ToDateTime (myDate).ToShortDateString () + " " + Convert.ToDateTime (time_display_Start.Text).ToLongTimeString ();

            DateTime dtEnd = Convert.ToDateTime (stringDateTimeEND);
            DateTime dtStart = Convert.ToDateTime (stringDateTimeSTART);

            string utcEnd = dtEnd.ToUniversalTime ().ToString ("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss'.'fff'Z'");
            string utcStart = dtStart.ToUniversalTime ().ToString ("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss'.'fff'Z'");

            var postData = "endTime=" + utcEnd;
            postData += "&startTime=" + utcStart;
            postData += "&chargingPointID=" + myCP_ID;
            postData += "&userID=" + Settings.User_ID;

            string pathUrl = "reservations/add";

            var post_response = await RequestClass.PostData (postData, pathUrl, Settings.Token);

            Toast.MakeText (this, "Your Booking is succefully send!", ToastLength.Long).Show ();

            //restart weekactivity to refresh
            var intent = new Intent (this, typeof(WeekViewActivity));
            intent.SetFlags (ActivityFlags.ClearTop);
            StartActivity (intent);

            Finish ();//close the reservationHoursActivity

        } catch (WebException exception) {
            string responseText;
            using (var reader = new StreamReader (exception.Response.GetResponseStream ())) {
                responseText = reader.ReadToEnd ();
                Console.WriteLine (responseText);
            }
            Toast.MakeText (this, "Reservation Failed!", ToastLength.Long).Show ();
        }
    }
}

}

A: You shouldn't restart the activity after adding a new reservation. You should be opening the "New reservation" activity with StartActivityForResult, then handling a returned value in the OnActivityResult override method.
You wouldn't need to actually return anything, just an OK result would let you know to refresh the data(the user cancelling the add would return a Cancel result).
So something like...
private void AddReservationButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     var intent = new Intent(this, typeof(AddReservationActivity));
     StartActivityForResult(intent, 1000); // 1000 is just a random number, though it needs to match the value in OnActivityResult
}

protected override void OnActivityResult(int requestCode, Result resultCode, Intent data)
{
     if (resultCode == Result.Cancelled)
     {
        // user cancelled the reservation add, so don't refresh
        return;
     }

     if (requestCode == 1000)
     {
         RefreshReservationData();
     }
}

This would avoid having the recreate the Activity, which would probably save on memory. It would also fix your issue of remembering the day that was chosen as that day would still be chosen.
This is the typical way of a child activity letting a parent activity know that it's done something.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


OREANDA-NEWS. OPEC's latest announcement may end up having the biggest regional impact in the US, given the high sensitivity the shale sector has to oil prices and any subsequent changes in oil pricing, according to Fitch Ratings. We believe that the recently announced oil production targets of 32.5m-33.0m b/d at a meeting last week in Algiers are largely symbolic and unlikely to result in a strong rebound in global oil prices.
However, it remains the case that the US is among the most price-sensitive regions for several reasons. These include its high percentage of fast-response shale production, estimated by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) at 52% of total US oil supply as of year-end 2015, and a healthy supply of drilled but uncompleted wells (DUCs), which also can be brought on quickly if conditions warrant. The EIA estimated the supply of DUCs in oil-rich shale plays (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Niobrara, Permian) at approximately 4,100 as of September 2016.
Efficiency gains and deflation in service costs have helped move US shale producers down the cost curve faster than other regions. While there is significant variability in full-cycle costs both across and within US plays, portions of the lower cost shale plays are economic in the $40/bbl WTI range. Fitch believes a more substantial amount of shale oil production could be 'turned on' at a sustained $55-$60 level.
This heightened sensitivity can be seen in the recent step-up in the rig count, with the Baker Hughes oil rig count having risen by +109 over the past 14 weeks to 425 despite near-term prices that averaged just $45/barrel. This is up 34% from the lows seen in May of this year, but remains far below the all-time high on the oil rig count of 1,609.
Fitch would note that the forward curve for oil for delivery two years out has been largely range-bound below the $55 level. However, if future developments or news flow around possible OPEC cuts were to push the forward prices for the next two years materially above this level, it would allow many US onshore producers to hedge their production forward at economic levels, potentially leading to an early ramp-up in US production.
While such a scenario might prolong the global price downturn, it could also offer a measure of near-term relief to onshore North American drillers and service providers, which have been among the hardest hit names in the space due to the drop off in drilling activity.


Davis & Company is an award-winning firm that helps companies reach, engage and motivate their employees. Founded in 1984, Davis & Company develops innovative solutions and programs that improve the success of employee communication for leading companies such as Nestlé, PepsiCo, and Pfizer. The company also offers web-based workshops, industry reports, how-to books and newsletters for communication professionals on important topics pertaining to employee communication.