text:
Excuse Me, Ms.!
Subject to Debate
February 24, 2020, Issue
Confused about Latinx, alumnx, even mxn? Fear not: Inclusive language has been evolving for decades.
By Katha PollittTwitter
Gloria Steinem and Patricia Carbine, cofounders of Ms. magazine. (Angel Franco / New York Times Co. / Getty Images)
Recently, I got some blowback on a feminist listserv when I said I was thinking of writing about "Latinx," the new gender-neutral replacement for "Latino" and "Latina." Why was I, a non-Latinx, writing about it?
Never mind that no one, including myself, knew what I would say, or that "Latinx" is an English word and that as an English-speaking person, I have a certain stake in its usage.
The same goes for other "x" words—"Mx." as a genderless honorific, "womxn," and yes, "alumnx"—to say nothing of "they" as a singular pronoun. Still, the discussion reminded me that there is a rich conversation already going on about "Latinx" that I was ill prepared to take part in without more research and interviewing. So I'm staying in my lane. Let's talk about words for women!
Take "Ms." According to The New York Times Magazine's erstwhile word expert Ben Zimmer, this replacement for "Mrs." and "Miss" was first proposed in 1901 by an anonymous writer to the Sunday Republican of Springfield, Massachusetts, who suggested it as a way around awkward social situations with strangers. "To call a maiden Mrs. is only a shade worse than to insult a matron with the inferior title Miss," the person wrote. "Yet it is not always easy to know the facts."
The Problem With Latinidad
Miguel Salazar
"Ms." went nowhere until a young civil rights worker, Sheila Michaels, fiercely promoted it on WBAI's feminist show Womankind in the runup to the Women's Strike for Equality, which took place in 1970. The publicity put "Ms." on the map. Ms. magazine started in 1971, and the rest is herstory.
Even so, it took a long time for "Ms." to become standard. To a lot of ordinary people, including women, it seemed outlandish: How do you pronounce it? Why does it have a period when it isn't an abbreviation? Wasn't it enough that a chairman was now a chair (my husband, a Brit, still thinks that's hilarious) and a garbageman a sanitation engineer? (The brilliant cultural historian Jacques Barzun spent years arguing, with no success, that the "man" in these words did not mean "male person" but was derived from the Sanskrit manu, for "human being.")
The writer Louise Bernikow remembers being asked if her name was Manuscript Bernikow, after the abbreviation for "manuscript" ("MS"). The Times' top editor, Abe Rosenthal, banned "Ms." from the paper until 1986, the year he retired. I remember reviewing books back then and being tasked with ferreting out the marital status of women authors in order to figure out which word to use.
At The New Yorker, where I was a proofreader and copy editor in the 1970s, the all-powerful editor Mr. William Shawn didn't get it at all. He thought "Ms." was a fig leaf for unmarried women—a less embarrassing synonym for that poor, lonely social failure "Miss." Indeed, many wives were proud to be a Mrs. Husband and probably still are.
But "Ms." turned out to foreshadow the ongoing move toward inclusive language. And ultimately, it took hold because it made sense. Why should women be identified by marital status when men are not? "Ms." meant newspapers didn't have to track down a woman's marital status, it solved the problem of what to call women after divorce and widowhood, and besides, "Miss" sounded so fussy and Victorian. As marital status become more fluid and women grew more independent, it just seemed troublesome and also not all that important to identify women by whether they were married. The gender-egalitarian argument suited the times as it did not in 1901, especially as other female identifiers like "poetess" declined.
I asked members of a women's studies listserv for their memories of the word's early days. It surprised me how deeply liberating "Ms." was. Women wrote about insisting on the word as pharmacists and bankers and salespeople tried to force them to use "Miss" or "Mrs." They wrote about its deeper emotional resonance, too. "When I divorced in the early 1980s, I felt militant using the label Ms.," wrote Diana L. Gustafson. "The title was a signifier of my battle in my home life to be seen, to reject the division of labour in a marriage that seemed to be attached to the title Mrs."
TJ Boisseau wrote, "The term 'Ms.,' to me, recalls all the feminist history that my mother conveyed to me…while we were sweeping, or folding, or stirring, or putting away whatever it was that needed never-ending tending. Women's work became bound up in my mind with the work of the feminist movement, and those conversations with my mother were why I became a historian of women and of feminism."
I was also surprised by how much resistance to the word still exists. Gabriela Torres, who lives in Massachusetts, told me that she still has to fight for her own name: "My children's school system as well as my pediatrician routinely refer to me as either mom or Mrs. Husband Full Name. My name and independent personhood [are] erased by both, and I am dismissed and still looked at as ridiculous when I challenge their use of the Mrs."
It's easy to pooh-pooh language innovations offhand; I'm kind of a traditionalist myself when it comes to "x" and "they." Many or most of these linguistic mutations fall by the wayside. "Womyn" never really caught on, nor, unfortunately, did the practice of shedding your father's last name in favor of your mother's first name plus "child," following the example of the radical feminist Kathie Sarachild. I could have been Katha Leanorachild all this time!
Most married women still take their husband's last name, including many who are strong feminists, like my daughter. The changes that stick seem to be the ones that parallel an ongoing social change and fill a true gap in the language while allowing for breathing room and the convenience of older usages. "Garbageman" is still in use, while the euphemistic "sanitation engineer" has morphed into "sanitation worker" or "garbage collector."
What lies ahead for "Latinx," "Mx.," "womxn," and, Lord help me, "alumnx"? Will "mxn" replace "men"? If you live long enough, you'll probably find out.
Author's note: Nominations for the Ann Snitow Prize are now open! It will award $10,000 to a feminist who best exemplifies Ann's spirit—her combination of feminist intellectual work and activism. Someone broad-minded and curious and wonderful. It could be a writer, a scholar, someone in the arts, a humanitarian. I'm on the nominating committee and we are reaching out to people like you who might have great ideas. Here's all the information about the prize and how to nominate someone. The deadline is March 1. This is your chance to help win recognition and $10,000 for someone you admire and whose work you want to promote! Questions? I am here to help!
Katha PollittTwitterKatha Pollitt is a columnist for The Nation.


text:
Q: How to convert a single char into NSString? I know how to convert a 'C' style string into a NSString, but is there an elegant (or even just easy!) way of converting a single 'C' char into a single character NSString?
I.e. 'Z' -> @"Z"
Short of creating a char *string and setting string[0] = myChar and then using
[NSString stringWithUTF8String:string]

I can't see a better way.

A: Try [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c", myChar]

A: try using
char myChar = 'r';
NSString* string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c" , myChar];

A: Alternative solution (just for fun!), using a C99 "Compound Literal"
with a Objective-C "Boxed Expression":
char myChar = 'A';
NSString *string = @((char[]){myChar, 0});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When sun shines hot and high in the sky, you will start searching for summer suits for men. While shopping is hard during sultry days, you will have to take full advantage of the online shopping experience. We welcome you to MensUSA, the complete online outlet for mens wardrobe collection. Summer suits are the best if you are a person who likes to dress according to the climate and to your own comfort while stain in style. Summer is a season that will want you to get dressed up as lightly as you can so that it will be easy for your skin to breathe some fresh air though it is hot. Sweating is one horrible feel that all of us hate during summer and hence it is good to wear suits that are made up of fabrics that are perfect for the season. Linen, seersucker or any normal full cotton fabric is a great choice for the summer season and we are sure to have a lot of collection in website for our convenience.
Do you want suits that are perfect for summer? Then we would like to introduce you to the summer suit collection at MensUSA, which is sure to attract you for all good reasons. If you think that you won't have anything fashionable to wear during summer, then you are wrong as you will be surprised to see the latest fashions in our collection of summer suits for men. As we are mens clothing experts, we would like to supply our products that are endured with perfection and comfort in all levels. Do you know that we have everything ranging from a normal size summer suit to big and tall size suits to make sure that all our customers are fully satisfied with their needs?


Unlike Hyperfrank, I actually like this tune from Tempa T and JME. It sounds like a fun track and I think the younger crowd will really appreciate this one. I know I've said this before, but Tempa T's album is out of this world, it's a really well put-together piece of work and I think it might do really well in and out of the grime scene (please don't ask me when it's out because I have no idea).


buddhabutter™ (Michael Willson) is a one person creative consulting shop that is based on the principle that brands who define culture are more successful than those who follow it. I make and share things with the world that hopefully add to the quality of people's lives and I'm currently available for full-time or freelance opportunities.
Consumers are empowered to create, share and exchange information online. Learn to lead the discussion, and let me help you manage and leverage these conversations for your brand.
Using a unique combination of design, technology, responsiveness and cyberspace savvy – I create effective, engaging and artful digital and experiential campaigns that deliver results.
Forging your identity begins with understanding your business. With the combined knowledge of my writers, artists, technologists and influencers, I can bring your brand to life.
I always start with a stellar strategy that combines a tailored mix of analytics, clairvoyance, anthropology and real-world insight. It guides my creative thinking and powers every custom execution.
Social Media, Strategy, Public Relations, Branding, Ideation, Sales & Marketing, CRM, Design, Corporate Branding, Print Collateral, Interactive, Publication, Environmental, Packaging, Advertising Campaign, Direct Mail, Interactive Website Development, Mobile Apps, E-mail Management, Social Analytics + Measurement and Interior Design.
The NSA already takes care of our social media profiles, for everyone else who wants to get connected with me regularly, don't hesitate!
My ideas take various forms. From film to brand launches, apps to soundtracks, social + experiential campaigns to emerging platforms. The common thread of every project is a firm commitment to create inspiring work that delivers powerful business results.
Ideation, Strategy, Branding and Creative Content Development.
Advertising, Experiential, Social, PR, Sales & Marketing, CRM, Design, Branding, Interactive, Publishing, Print Collateral, Packaging, DM, Mobile, E-mail Management, Analytics + Measurement.
Film, Website Development, Photography, Audio & Digital Production, Mobile Applications and of course placemats.
When required, I collaborate with a diverse range of talented personnel that bring creative skill, experience, execution and ideas to the table. I'm the buddha. They're the butter.
After a detour through academia and a handful of degrees, Dré studied journalism and worked at a bunch of pretty great magazines and won a bunch of awards. But when the dark side came a-calling — what with its filthy lucre and promises of awards glory* — she heard it. Next stop: Marcom. You know, custom content strategy and creation?
Months of learning the craft in the middle of its first heyday, the late '90s, became years and Dré's client list grew.
Those clients have included: Google, Scotiabank, Home Hardware, Unilever, LCBO, Proctor & Gamble USA, Acura, Sears, Toronto Hydro, Direct Energy, SickKids, BILD, UNICEF and more. Want proof? Go to dredee.com.
*Money: check. Glory: eagerly anticipated — help me.
Molson, Moms Demand Action, Guiness, Dolce & Gabbana + BMW.
glossy is publicity and marketing specializing in advertising and creativity.
Brian has been shooting and producing photography for decades. He is one of North America's new go-to photographers, capturing the artists in the entertainment and music industry. Whether he's shooting Hollywood stars in a unique candid moment, or snapping shots of rock bands and pop idols, Brian has a great eye for capturing what magazines, publishers, agents and publicists want – fresh images that capture the soul of the artists.
It all started from his lifelong passion for music and photography. After years of watching live music shows, Brian's friend Eric Kretz (drummer for the Stone Temple Pilots) asked him to come backstage and capture shots of STP for Eric's percussion sponsor, GMS Drums. The photographs were so well received that Brian landed a photo assignment contract with Corbis Entertainment and Associated Press, two of the largest entertainment photo agencies in the world based in Los Angeles and New York. The rest is history.
Over the past decade, Brian Patterson's photographs have been featured in Rolling Stone Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, TORO Magazine, and a long list of other global online and print publications.
I'm a seasoned professional in the digital realm and appreciate a good challenge. I'm also Google certified, fun to work with and have a passion for music + arts.
Suzanne Pope has over twenty years' experience in traditional, digital and direct-response advertising for business-to-business, consumer and healthcare clients alike. Her work has won international recognition from the One Show, Communication Arts, the London International Advertising Awards, the New York Festivals and Lürzer's Archive, among others. Suzanne's recent digital projects include online work for Audi, Nestea and Bell, as well as custom content for Applied Arts Magazine.
Passion. Persistence. A love of music in all its forms. These are the qualities that have taken Igor Vrabac on an epic journey from war-torn Yugoslavia to Toronto, Canada where he currently works as an independent composer, arranger and producer.
Since his professional debut in Toronto in 1997, Igor has met with much success. It first came in the form of an original score for Dennis McIntyre's ambitious stage play Modigliani, based on the life of the great modern artist. Critics at the time, including Geoff Chapman of The Toronto Star, praised the score for its beauty as well as its authenticity in evoking the mood of early 20th Century Paris. With the good reviews came more work. Igor soon was invited to compose the score for the film Full Frontal, starring Jennifer Dale. The score went on to garner a Silver Statue at the Worldfest Film Awards in Houston. From here, Igor went on to score a raft of other films, most notably Dr. Cabbie (2014), 13 Eerie (2012) and Impedimento (2008).
Amid all this activity, opportunities in television presented themselves. Igor was invited by Glenn Morley at Tambre Productions to score the popular animated children's show Freaky Stories on YTV, produced by Decode Entertainment. This lead to more television projects through celebrated Canadian composer Lou Natale. Lou and Igor scored the hit sci-fi television series Mutant X, season one. Music for one of the episodes was nominated for a Gemini Award. More recently, Igor has been writing music for the second season of Zoe Busiek – Wild Card. Today, television commercials, such as Molson's Rickard's Red, along with many projects for interactive media and independent artists keep Igor busy traveling across the continent as a composer, arranger, conductor and music producer.
By age 17, after graduating with distinction from Serbia's Josif Marinkovich School of Music in the late 1980s, Igor was already writing sophisticated classical compositions. Meanwhile, aside from European-wide engagements with the Josif Marinkovich Mixed Youth Choir – and ongoing studies with revered Conductor Slobodan Bursach – Igor plied his trade as a multi-talented musician at Serbia's prestigious Academy of Arts in Novi Sad.
Hostilities in Yugoslavia during the early 1990s did not dampen Igor's spirit. He escaped the country's embattled landscapes, arriving finally in Budapest, which served as a gateway to Canada. In Toronto, he quickly established Canadian citizenship and redoubled efforts to master his art. Fate conspired to bring him in contact with an array of talented professionals. Through further studies in classical composition at The University of Toronto, Igor found benefactors in tutors Gary Kulesha, composer-in-residence with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and Christos Hatzis, an internationally acclaimed Canadian composer whose Greek origin helped Igor recognize and nourish the Balkan roots in his own music. Phil Nimmons and Paul Reed of the jazz department have also helped and guided Igor. Soon Igor's music was being performed by the remarkable Saint Lawrence String Quartet out of New York City.
By 1996, many of Igor's original works were being performed by artists and musicians in concert venues throughout Toronto, including The Ford Centre for the Performing Arts and The New Music Festival.
Simon's lifelong dedication to digital and mobile media has allowed him to be part of the meteoric rise of these platforms. When Simon is conceiving, planning and producing successful, integrated advertising or mobile campaigns, his infectious energy coupled with his experience and creative, strategic mindset make him a valuable Executive Production Consultant and visionary guide, or as some like to call him, a Digital Sherpa.
As Canada's first official Digital Strategist, Simon's professional experience includes working in Europe and North America as a freelance producer and creative digital strategist for over 15 years, applying creative and strategic production methods to digital media campaigns for agencies and brands. His talent in conceptualizing new creative campaigns and his ability to cultivate relationships and alliances among developers, designers and agencies is globally recognized.
Simon is generally renowned as a digital industry connector, having served as Ambassador of FITC events for over 12 years. FITC is a global design and technology event company which originated in Toronto. Simon has been integral in building FITC since its inception back in 2001 as well as helping FITC become the globally recognized industry event and award show that it is today. He was also instrumental in growing the world's largest Adobe Flash user group based right here in Toronto during his role as Executive Director of FlashinTO.
Simon originally hails from England where at age 8 and a half, he started interacting with a ZX80 computer using BASIC. He currently lives in Toronto with his wife and two children and is a Senior Digital Creative / Producer. More information may be found at www.simonconlin.com.
Twenty-five years of getting people to buy stuff, change opinions, etc. through captivating creative and the odd bribe.
I moved to Toronto from Ottawa 25 years ago to give this advertising thing a go. My first 6 months were spent selling fake watches at the corner of Bay and Bloor. Yeah, that guy.
Eventually I was hired as a copywriter. Sadly, it coincided with the end of the three martini lunch and out of control budgets. Oh, well. Throughout the years I've worked at agencies such as BBDO, Publicis•SMW, Cossette and Saffer. Worked with clients like Chrysler, Pepsi, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Kraft, Wal-Mart, Bayer, McDonald's, Molson Coors, Scotiabank & Manulife Financial. Traveled to such exotic locales as Miami, Cape Town, Calgary and Guelph. Written and directed spots for ClubLink and The Pork Producers of Canada. Tried to sell a TV show to Hollywood producers. And learned ads don't necessarily get better as logos get bigger.
In my spare time I write and perform music, attempt to complete a screenplay and think up new swear words. I once owned a plant.
From bricks + mortar to bytes, banners + beyond, I'm a media neutral ad guy and I began my creative journey in 1988 after graduating with an advertising + design degree from the Center of Creative Studies in Detroit, Michigan.
Since then I have been very fortunate to work in various roles as vp, creative director, art director, design director and CMO in Toronto, New York, London, Montreal, Paris and Los Angeles. Agencies include Saffer Advertising, Saatchi & Saatchi, GJP, Blast, Reason Partners, Blammo Worldwide, Dashboard Communications, Euro RSCG 4D, Arnold Worldwide, Havas Worldwide, MTHRTY, #engagementlabs global and CD/Founder of Buddhabutter™.
I believe anything you want to create – product, experience, environment, and process – starts first with the user and from a marketer's perspective that means understanding a customer's relationship to content, technology and community. Consumers have become more inclined to speak, share, comment, update and check-in rather than listen and absorb.
As an earned media specialist, I build and maintain traditional and digital businesses. From the implementation of 360 degree multi-channel campaigns through to specific online driven strategies involving strategy, advertising, media, digital, social, PR, direct and most recently, analytics.
Along the way, I've received numerous advertising, design, web and social media awards while working for a multitude of clients in traditional/non-traditional advertising mediums that include digital, television, print, outdoor, radio, events, social, mobile and experiential, retail promotions, analytics + measurement.
Specialties: social media engagement, art direction, UX design, design direction, creative/brand strategy, ideation, new business development and agency leadership.
My favourite social platforms include LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and Snapchat.


text:
La Route principale 25 est une route principale suisse reliant Lenzburg à Arth.

Parcours
 Lenzburg
 Cham
 Zoug
 lac de Zoug
 Arth

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des routes principales de la Suisse

Liens externes
 Liste des routes principales sur admin.ch

025
Transport dans le canton d'Argovie
Transport dans le canton de Zoug
Transport dans le canton de Schwytz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Do you remember two days ago, when we talked about the mirror picture in the Toy Box dedicated to Humphrey Bogart? You do? Well, we have another one for you today! This one honors another great silver screen actor - Clark Gable - and it is located right next to Bogart's, to your left as you enter the Toy Box.
When Ohio-native Clark Gable was born in 1901 to an oil-well driller and his wife, he was accidentally identified as a 'female' on his birth certificate, a mistake none would make once he grew to maturity. His youthful passions for hunting, car mechanics and language seem like an odd combination, but they nurtured the masculine image that would help him become established in his acting career, which began modestly in silent films such as 1925's The Merry Widow. Then, he moved into the role of the gangster in a number of early talkies before his highly-successful pairing with blonde bombshell Jean Harlow. It Happened One Night (1934) made him a superstar, after which he followed up with such classics as Gone With the Wind (1939), Mogambo (1953), and over sixty other films - quite a few of them included in the artwork in the Toy Box.
Similar to Humphrey Bogard, Clark Gable was married to four women during his lifetime - one of them he actually married twice. With whom did he have his double wedding?
The year 1776 is considered somewhat important in the establishment of the United States of America for very good reasons. We celebrate one of those reasons today, because it was on March 28th that Lieutenant-Colonel Juan Batista de Anza, the Mexican-born officer for the New Spain Army, established the Presidio of San Francisco in what is now Central California. It took him and his small entourage over two years to get there, having started their walk from Tubac, Arizona, on January 8th, 1774. By taking this trek, de Anza was able to claim the territory for New Spain, which served as a buffer against Russian colonial forces moving south from Alaska. The colonists on the east coast of North America were far from their thoughts, but they were getting busy, too.
The Congressional Gold Medal is one of the most prestigious awards the United States government can give to its civilian citizens. On this day in 1990, a great American received his award - posthumously - from President George H.W. Bush to honor his accomplishments. The American Treasure Tour blog has recognized the great Jesse Owens before - the multiple gold medalist at the 1936 Berlin Olympics who impressed Nazi Germany and segregated America with his talents - and we are happy to do so again.
Dianne Wiest turns 65 today. As a young woman in Kansas CIty, Missouri, Wiest had ambitions to become a ballerina, but decided instead to focus on a career in acting. Two Academy Awards, two Emmys and a Golden Globe suggest that she made the right call. She first established herself on the stage before moving to the small - then the big - screen, playing Lori Singer's mom in the original film Footloose in 1984. Three years later, Woody Allen cast her in Hannah and Her Sisters, for which she won her first Oscar. Allen did her well again a decade later, when she won her second award for Best Supporting Actress for Bullets Over Broadway. Happy birthday, Dianne!
And now, the ATT blog is prepared to show you just how topical we can be as we celebrate the birth of a musician whose career can safely be described as controversial! Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born today in 1986. It is certainly easier to call her Lady Gaga, and at 27 years old - well, now 28 - it can certainly be said she is a very busy woman. Listed on her resume are musician, actor, record producer, businesswoman, fashion designer, philanthropist and activist. Having sold over twenty million albums worldwide since her first studio record was released only six years ago, it will be interesting to see where it goes from here for young Lady Gaga!
Answer: b) Maria Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham, nicknamed "Ria." They were married in Texas, then again in California immediately thereafter, possibly due to differences in state requirements. And, for the record, the one person in the choice with whom Gable was never married was d) Mary Martin.


In honor of the Eclipse (& I live in the Path of Totality!) I am offering a super special on Astrology Readings pertaining to the Eclipse for just $33 & I will include Distance Reiki for your Eclipse Transformation! Eclipses are transitional points, a time of potent change both collectively & individually. An Eclipse going over our location has an even stronger effect. On July 23rd New Moon in Leo, an Energetic Portal has been opened. August 7th is the Lunar Eclipse in Aquarius South Node. August 21st New Moon Leo marks the Total Solar Eclipse. The portal will close on September 6th Pisces Full Moon. I have been doing Astrology Readings to find out where the Eclipse will land in the charts of many of my friends and family, it is fascinating stuff! I have a Leo Ascendant on the Midheaven, this is a time for me to bloom & become. For my husband, the Eclipse lands in Knowledge & Career, transforming the way he works, which is so funny because he is starting a brand new job where he will be able to do things in a much more creative way. Another friend has Big Love coming as her Venus is in Leo in the house of relationships & love affairs. What will transform for you?!
Also I will be hosting an Eclipse Tibetan Gong Bath at Juniper Yoga on Sunday 8/20/17 7pm bathe in the sounds of the singing bowls & gongs & clear your energy before the big day! You can find more about this event on our FB page.
Purchase here with the Paypal Button & Include your Birthdate, time & location!


text:
package pl.grzeslowski.wykop.posts;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public final class Score {
    private final int upVotes;
    private final int downVotes;

    public Score(@JsonProperty("upVotes") int upVotes, @JsonProperty("downVotes") int downVotes) {
        Preconditions.checkArgument(upVotes >= 0, "upVotes == " + upVotes);
        Preconditions.checkArgument(downVotes >= 0, "downVotes == " + downVotes);
        this.upVotes = upVotes;
        this.downVotes = downVotes;
    }

    public int getUpVotes() {
        return upVotes;
    }

    public int getDownVotes() {
        return downVotes;
    }

    public int calculateScore() {
        return upVotes - downVotes;
    }

    @JsonIgnore
    public boolean isPositive() {
        return calculateScore() > 0;
    }

    @JsonIgnore
    public boolean isNegative() {
        return calculateScore() < 0;
    }

    @JsonIgnore
    public boolean isNeutral() {
        return calculateScore() == 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof Score)) return false;

        Score score = (Score) o;

        return upVotes == score.upVotes && downVotes == score.downVotes;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = upVotes;
        result = 31 * result + downVotes;
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Score{" +
                "upVotes=" + upVotes +
                ", downVotes=" + downVotes +
                '}';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Populating Publication list using a Data extension, is that possible? I have set up a Smart Capture form to handle subscription preferences, it just receives the subscriber information and stores it in a DE, there are 5 boolean attributes in the DE that correspond to 5 newsletter options. My idea was to use those fields to add the subscriber to 5 different publication lists depending on which attribute is true.
Is that possible through some automation options Marketing Cloud has? I'm new to the Marketing cloud, and I'm trying to wrap my head around everything.
Thank you so much.

A: No automation needed.
Sending from a DE, and specifying the Publication List for the Send will add  the recipients to the List, as Active Subscribers.
You could use the Booleans inside the Cloud Page Data Extension in Journey Builder as a criteria for a Decision Split to add the correct List to each Send.


text:
Cocamba is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 10 km from Manangatang, Victoria.

Cocamba Post Office opened on 13 December 1913 and closed in 1941.

References

Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Rural City of Swan Hill


text:
Iran Nuclear Deal Struck, Reactions Pretty Much What You'd Expect
Depending on who you listen to, it's either peace in our time or an epic catastrophe.
James Joyner · Tuesday, July 14, 2015 · 91 comments
The long-awaited nuclear deal with Iran was struck in the early morning hours Washington time and President Obama and President Rouhani gave dueling speeches about it at 7 Eastern. Depending on who you listen to, it's either peace in our time or an epic catastrophe.
BBC ("Iran nuclear talks: 'Historic' agreement struck"):
World powers have reached a deal with Iran on limiting Iranian nuclear activity in return for the lifting of international economic sanctions.
US President Barack Obama said that with the deal, "every pathway to a nuclear weapon is cut off" for Iran.
His Iranian counterpart, Hassan Rouhani, said it opened a "new chapter" in Iran's relations with the world.
The deal reportedly gives UN nuclear inspectors extensive but not automatic access to sites within Iran.
Negotiations between Iran and six world powers – the US, UK, France, China and Russia plus Germany – began in 2006.
The so-called P5+1 want Iran to scale back its sensitive nuclear activities to ensure that it cannot build a nuclear weapon.
Iran, which wants crippling international sanctions lifted, has always insisted that its nuclear work is peaceful.
Mr Obama said that the deal "makes the world safer and more secure", and that it provides for a rigorous verification regime. "This deal is not built on trust – it is built on verification," he said.
EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said the deal was "a sign of hope for the entire world".
"It is a decision that can open the way to a new chapter in international relations," she said, ahead of a final meeting between negotiators in Vienna.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said the deal was "not perfect for anybody", but that it was the "best achievement possible that could be reached".
Iran's President, Hassan Rouhani, tweeted: "With this unnecessary crisis resolved, new horizons emerge with a focus on shared challenges."
The text of the deal is yet to be officially released but these are some of the details it is believed to contain:
A compromise over the inspection of sites within Iran, the Associated Press quotes a diplomat as saying – UN inspectors would be allowed to monitor military sites but Iran could challenge requests for access
Iran has accepted that sanctions could be restored in 65 days if it violates the deal, Reuters cited diplomats as saying
A UN arms embargo and missile sanctions would remain in place for five and eight years respectively, Reuters reports
Sanctions in areas including oil and gas trading, financial transactions, aviation and shipping will be lifted and billions of dollars of Iranian assets unfrozen, Iranian media report
The text is here, actually, but I haven't had time to digest it. The reaction on Twitter from the foreign policy experts I follow is, as with everything else, heavily divided by ideology.
Senator Lindsey Graham, a longshot contender for the Republican nomination with real expertise on foreign affairs issues, was typical of the critics, calling the deal "akin to declaring war on Israel and the Sunni Arabs" and "far worse than I ever dreamed it could be and will be a nightmare for the region, our national security and eventually the world at large." Even granting that hyperbole is the coin of the realm in a crowded presidential field, that's both stupid and irresponsible. I'm not yet persuaded that the deal will actually delay the Iran nuclear program for the promises 10-15 years but it's harder for Iran to get a nuke today than it was yesterday.
Graham added, "Hillary Clinton's reaction to this deal is the first real test of her ability to be president and her judgment," and "If she believes it's a good idea to lift the arms embargo without first seeing a behavior change by the Iranians, then her judgment as commander in chief will be very much in question." First off, Clinton was Secretary of State for four years; this isn't her first foreign policy test. Second, the whole point of sanctions was to force the Iranians, who had all the leverage otherwise, to make a deal. Third, to the extent that immediate reaction to the deal is a test of fitness for the presidency, Graham has failed it. Indeed, because he's a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee rather than a governor or other outsider, he should be held to a higher standard than most of the other candidates on these issues; he should know better.
Senator Tom Cotton, who emerged on the national stage with a publicity stunt directed at the Iranian leadership, observed that "The fundamental point is the nature of Iran's regime." That's probably true. But it wasn't going to change at the negotiating table.
I'm insufficiently expert on either the logistics of fielding nuclear weapons or the subtleties of inspection regimes to have a strong opinion on how good the deal is. Certainly, we made a lot of concessions that would have been unacceptable—that President Obama and his chief diplomats said were unacceptable—not long ago. My instinct, however, is twofold. First, this is likely the best deal achievable given Iran's leverage. Second, that the artificial timeline imposed by US domestic politics increased the pressure on our side to get a deal done now further increasing Iran's leverage.
Beyond that, I'm frankly shocked that Iran doesn't already have a nuclear weapon. They've been working hard for well over a decade to acquire 1940s technology that countries with far less wealth and human capital, notably including North Korea and Pakistan, acquired long ago. That we've delayed them this long and seemingly kicked the can years down the road is a remarkable achievement.
FILED UNDER: Middle East, World Politics
About James Joyner
James Joyner is Professor and Department Head of Security Studies at Marine Corps University's Command and Staff College and a nonresident senior fellow at the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. He's a former Army officer and Desert Storm vet. Views expressed here are his own. Follow James on Twitter @DrJJoyner.
Mark Ivey says:
Tuesday, July 14, 2015 at 08:37
The comments on this from Republicans are primo today. Think: Book of Revelation meets Infowars.
humanoid.panda says:
I'll say this: when Obama was elected, he had 3 major goals: to escape Great Depression 2.0, to reform healthcare, and achieve a Middle Eastern breakthrough. The first 2 are in the books, and while the latter ambition was unrealistic, it's a huge step forward. If the deal holds, it put him solidly in the 2nd echelon of American presidents, somewhere between LBJ and Reagan.
stonetools says:
@humanoid.panda:
I said a couple of weeks ago that Obama concluded this Iranian nuclear deal, he'd move into the Presidential Top Ten. Done. And he has 16 months to go.
OzarkHillbilly says:
That we've delayed them this long and seemingly kicked the can years down the road is a remarkable achievement.
James, James, James…. (shakes head) Don't you see? Now it is even harder to justify a war. Just an epic failure.
On the slightly more serious side, I had thought this year wass shaping as a Battle Royale for the coveted Golden Diaper Award. Normally, the distinguished Senator from S Carolina is a front runner from Jan 1 on, but what with the SC decisions in Obergefell and King, he had fallen behind. This however should push him over the top.
@James Joyner:
Depending on who you listen to, it's either peace in our time or an epic catastrophe.
I doubt that anyone supporting the deal would be using the phrase "peace in our time", that would be a phrase used by opponents.
James Joyner says:
@PJ: I'm being somewhat tongue in cheek with the phrasing. I think the truth is somewhere between the two extremes, but much closer to the supporters' view than the opponents'—especially given the alternatives.
C. Clavin says:
Senator Lindsey Graham, a longshot contender for the Republican nomination with real expertise on foreign affairs issues, was typical of the critics, calling the deal "akin to declaring war on Israel and the Sunni Arabs" and "far worse than I ever dreamed it could be and will be a nightmare for the region, our national security and eventually the world at large."
Emphasis mine…and please stop typing this crap.
Butters DOES NOT have foreign policy expertise any more than Dick Morris has political expertise. Expertise implies an expert knowledge or skill. An expert would not be so so wrong so often as this clown is.
gVOR08 says:
@humanoid.panda: In the Senate, non-proliferation was Obama's special interest, and something he was effective at. I expect that simply preventing Iran from getting the bomb was the primary goal. Any improvement of relations with Iran or in the ME generally is a bonus.
Ron Beasley says:
In reality the neocons and the Netenyahu government would never had been satisfied with any outcome that didn't turn Iran into a vast sea of radioactive glass. There also has to be some fear among those companies with operations in the Bakken shale and Ontario tar sands as the price of oil is going to drop once even more making their operations even more uneconomical than they were already.
There are already at least three countries with nuclear weapons that I see as less rational than the Iranian government: North Korea of course, Pakistan and I would also include Israel.
To me, our domestic politics WRT to this deal will be distressingly predictable and banal. I would like to know more about internal Iranian politics which seem to me extraordinarily complex with many competing actors. I get hints of strong opposition within Iran basically making the American and Iranian right wings allies. If anyone can point to an article or two concerning this, it would be appreciated.
@Ron Beasley: I agree that Iran is a rational actor and should not be treated as a caricature. Seems to me we have more common interests, politically, economically, and militarily with Iran than with many other so-called Mid East allies.
Certainly, we made a lot of concessions that would have been unacceptable—that President Obama and his chief diplomats said were unacceptable—not long ago.
If you like your nukes, you can keep your nukes. Period. – Obama
I suspect that most participants in the political process had their press releases on this treaty written a long time ago, and those press releases will not be impacted very much by what's actually in the treaty.
Paul Hooson says:
Mideast relations are complex. Iran's help to fight ISIS in Iraq is needed in the absence of U.S. ground troops, while at the same time many Mideast states combat Iran's proxy war in the region. Saudi Arabia and Israel both fear a nuclear Iran as well. – And, a further problem is that Iran is only delayed from developing a nuclear bomb, not prevented by this proposal, leaving a mess for a future president to deal with, if Israel or Saudi Arabia don't act first at some point…
@C. Clavin:
By any reasonable standard, Graham is an expert on foreign policy and military affairs. The Wikipedia definition is a good one:
An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain. An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation and in a particular area of study. Experts are called in for advice on their respective subject, but they do not always agree on the particulars of a field of study. An expert can be believed, by virtue of credential, training, education, profession, publication or experience, to have special knowledge of a subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon the individual's opinion.
Graham has spent years on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and more than three decades in the Air Force. He's extremely knowledgeable about, among other things, the Iranian nuclear issue and is privy to far more information than most people.
My specific point in highlighting his expertise here is to call him out: he should simply know better than some of the crap he's spouting here.
Then again, it's possible that he genuinely believes a less hyperbolic version of what he's saying—that this is a bad deal that insufficiently protects against an Iranian nuclear capability and prematurely eases the sanctions. Lots of Middle East scholars—people with PhDs from prestige universities and decades of experience in the field, published in highly respected journals—take that view.
Experts in the field of national security policy disagree all the time. The issues are extremely complicated.
@Scott: I agree. While the Saudi royal family sees Iran as a threat the real threat to that regime is internal. A Saudi Arabia controlled by the Wahabis will be a much greater threat to Israel than Iran and I expect to see the Saudi royal family living in condos in New York city and estates in the Hamptons in the not too distant future. I'm sure they have plenty of dollars stashed in Swiss bank accounts to keep them going for decades.
I too have considered Iran to be our natural ally in the region.
I want to read the fine print. The large print is bad enough. All the while "negotiations" were going on, Iranian leaders were threatening the US, Iraq, and Israel – with nuclear attack. They still have not toned down or turned off their rhetoric.
The president gave Iran the store before negotiations had even got started good. This is not how you deal with Nazi type leaders. Evidently Sec. Kerry has been using Chamberlain's play book.
Their leaders have repeatedly vowed no inspections.
The president this time did not bother with drawing a line in the sand – he gave them the whole beach. And probably the keys to Ft. Knox and Pentagon computer passwords.
I want to read what, if any, the penalties and consequences will be when Iran violates this agreement, which they probably have already done.
Iran still has not been held fully accountable for its attack on the US embassy, seizure of US property, and the imprisonment of US citizens. This was led of course by the infamous nutcase Ayatollah Khomeini, who acted and looked like a character straight out of some Hollywood Sinbad movie. There should have been trials of their leaders for their crimes against the US. We have not forgotten their treatment of US citizens. Part of any treaty should be their public apology.
Any treaty must include investigations of human rights violations and guarantees of human rights, including freedom of speech, and open elections.
I will withhold final judgement on this treaty until I can get more details. If it meets the criteria of guarantees, reparations, and enforceable penaties, fine.
One thing for sure, the US needs to double its flyover recons of Iran.
See Charles Krauthammer's article: " The worst agreement in US diplomatic history"
"Fine print ? They don't even read the small print !"
@Tyrell:
Iranian leaders were threatening the US, Iraq, and Israel – with nuclear attack.
WTF? Gotta link for that?
whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public
So by your own standard Butters is a complete failure. Nothing he says is correct…ever. He is consistently and habitually wrong. Jesus-gawd…he was so wrong about Iraq alone that he should never ever be consulted about Foreign Affairs again.
That's one of the biggest problems with the Republican party…there is absolutely zero accountability for being wrong.
Rick DeMent says:
So what is keeping them from doing whatever they want to do in absence of a deal? I mean let's assume Lindsey Graham is right and this is somehow the worst of all possible deals. What do they get that they don't already have specifically regarding their nuke capability? I mean to hear the pearl clutching class tell it, the sanctions are in no way any kind of deterrent from them developing their nuclear capability. The deal only relaxes those sanctions in stages so if the break the deal then they snap back into place and we are back as square one.
I'm simply not getting the practical downside. And it's not like this was some kind of hand shake deal between Obama and his muslim overlords, 5 other countries had to sign off too. Does this mean that Lindsey Graham knows something they don't?
@Jack:
Cites omitted.
Slugger says:
For me the key point to all this is the one made in Dr. Joyner's last paragraph. Fission bombs are a "1940's technology" that are achievable by nations like N. Korea and Pakistan. The only way to keep a nation like Iran from having bombs is to convince them that they don't want nuclear weapons. I would guess that belligerent talk by US Senators goes over as well in Teheran as saber rattling talks by ayatollahs do in Washington.
There are a couple of ways to convince Iran that nukes are a bad idea. One way is to continue economic sanctions, but as long as the world needs oil this raises the cost of a nuclear program but does not disincentivewise it. Actual war is another option, but a quick look at the history of America's wars since Korea does not show a pattern of outright success. This leaves the negotiation option; there is little other choice in my opinion.
We Americans may have to accept a world that does not simply say "how high?" when we say "Jump!"
Tillman says:
I have a high-enough opinion of the Republican party to think voting one for president in '08 or '12 wouldn't have automatically signaled a war with Iran, but I also believe no Republican administration could've gotten a deal like this. See, for reference, Cotton's letter stunt and his utterly-rotten showing on Meet the Press this past Sunday.
Republican politicians used to see Iran through the lens of the '80s, but enough of them are being replaced by a new generation formed in the media bubble who just presume Iran is evil regardless. Sure, the Serious People will keep them from outright war, but they wouldn't have the tact or patience for diplomacy either. Which is odd since if you take the aftermaths of most wars into account, diplomacy seems quicker.
James Pearce says:
Gotta link for that?
It wouldn't be too hard to find a video on Youtube of an angry Iranian crowd chanting "Death to America."
And from that, it wouldn't be too hard for someone stuck in the 70s, who is still chilled by the image of Khomeni, dead for almost 30 years now, to think that was coming from the "Iranian leadership."
JohnMcC says:
@Rick DeMent: It's always Munich and it's always 1938. Always.
@JohnMcC: I could add that Munich/1938 is even more boring than the negotiation that right-wingers constantly had resort to back in the day: It was always Yalta. And it was always 1945. Always.
@Slugger:
One way is to continue economic sanctions
The problem with sanctions (which gets lost on idiots like Butters who have no foreign policy expertise) is that they only strengthen the hand of the extremists. The extremists in Iran are the losers in this deal. It's much harder for them to sell their propoganda when the moderates have shown that the US and it's allies can be negotiated with and that we aren't evil. The key to a peaceful ME is not forcing Democracy on them at gunpoint…it's in helping moderates get into positions of power. Moderate Arabs and Muslims are the only ones who can defeat the forces of extremism in the region. You cannot fight extremism by being extremists.
@James Pearce:
No…he said Iranian leaders, and while negotiations were ongoing.
I want to see a link for that.
wr says:
@Tyrell: ""Fine print ? They don't even read the small print !""
Um, Tyrell? While one could easily spend hours debunking every silly right-wing lie you've regurgitated in your screed, I think I'll just point out one small nuance:
The fine print IS the small print.
I mean, seriously — if you can't get that part right, why would anyone listen to you on the intricacies of diplomatic agreements?
Moosebreath says:
"An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain" (emphasis added)
Is there any evidence that Graham actually judges rightly, justly or wisely, James? Always looking to pour oil onto every hot spot in the world does not qualify.
@wr: Thanks for pointing out my error, made whilst waiting in line at a drive through. It should read:" fine print ? They don't even read the large print !" This was a quote from a lawyer.
It would be nice, wouldn't it?
But I understand that this is something that Tyrell cannot actually backup with a link. And that if any link were put forth, it would not be of the "Iranian leadership." It's pretty clear Tyrell based that statement on his memories of 1979 rather than, you know, something he observed here in 2015.
@C. Clavin and @Moosebreath: The point isn't whether we agree with his judgments—I generally don't—but whether they're "accorded authority by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain." By those standards Graham is an expert. He's looked to as such by both his peers and by the general public.
@humanoid.panda: We haven't rid Iran of a nuclear program, merely delayed its implementation. We didn't get unfettered inspections, merely good enough inspections. Again, I think that's quite good considering what we were up against. But it's far short of what the administration's public minimums were at the outset.
Rafer Janders says:
The point isn't whether we agree with his judgments—I generally don't—but whether they're "accorded authority by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain." By those standards Graham is an expert. He's looked to as such by both his peers and by the general public.
OK, so by a completely banal and meaningless standard Graham is an expert. Basically, he's an expert because other people call him an expert. He's an expert not because of any demonstrated real world expertise or knowledge, but because he's presumed to have expertise and knowledge by those who don't know any better.
As always with Republicans, it's the facile shiny surface, and not any actual substance, that counts.
@C. Clavin: I think your missing the real point here, C. Yes, Graham has been wrong about everything (except Joe Biden). Just as conservative pundits are wrong about nearly everything. Just a W broke everything he touched (except Al Qaeda). But opinions differ, both sides do it, reasonable people may disagree. In other words, IOKIYAR.
I will disagree with you as to what the point is. If one is consistently wrong, then one isn't an expert. Anywhere. On any topic.
Also, I suspect that the only reason that you think Graham is accorded authority and looked to as an expert is because you are listening only to a narrow group. Outside of that group, he is looked on as a joke, at best as John McCain's Mini-Me, and at worst a totally irresponsible person who is uncounscious of how badly he would irreparably damage US interests.
@Rafer Janders:
OK, so by a completely banal and meaningless standard Graham is an expert. Basically, he's an expert because other people call him an expert.
I think he's saying Graham is more acclimated to foreign policy than the average dude by sheer brutal experience. Not that Graham knows something through careful study or has discerned something through judicious observation, but after forty years he's got a feel for it.
1st…I'm not talking opinions…I'm talking about facts…from Iraqs WMD's to Benghazi…he is always wrong on the facts. (Of course his opinions and judgments are based on the same erroneous facts…ipso facto they are wrong as well.)
2nd…You and John McCain are the only ones who accord him any authority. I guess because of his brilliant insights, like:
There are no moderates in the Iranian government
There are interesting developments in the price of oil which may be related to this deal. The price is continuing to drop! The prospect of the removal of sanctions on a big oil producer certainly puts downward pressure on the price. A simple economic analysis would indicate that this deal should be favored by oil importers like Europe, disliked by oil producers like our good friends in Saudi Arabia, and get a mixed reception in a nation with a big petroleum producing sector like the USA. I would predict that American politicians with oil money backing will be quite vocal in their opposition.
Maybe all of this furor is not about religion or fanaticism but understandable from a simple market analysis.
@Moosebreath: @C. Clavin: I'm using "expert" in the standard, academic sense which is value neutral: does the person possess the credentials, knowledge, and experience to make him able to speak authoritatively on a subject. In the social sciences, highly regarded experts disagree, vehemently, on a regular basis. Paul Wolfowitz is both an honest-to-goodness expert on defense policy and yet got most everything about the Iraq War wrong; the two aren't mutually exclusive. Nobel Prize-winning economists disagree on fundamental issues on a regular basis; it doesn't render one of them non-expert.
@Slugger: I think the Israel issue colors this one far more than does oil. Plus, 36 years of animus going back to the days of the Hostage Crisis.
Basically, he's an expert because other people call him an expert.
No…because he calls himself an expert. I've spend some time looking online and I can't find anyone else calling him a foreign policy expert…except Lindsey Graham. And James Joyner.
If I'm president of the United States, and you're thinking about joining Al Qaeda or ISIL — anybody thinking about that? — I'm not gonna call the judge, I'm gonna call the drone. And we will kill you.
He clearly isn't an expert on the Constitution.
Who cares about the reactions from Republicans? I could have told anyone what they would say weeks, even years, before this deal.
The only thing that matters is the reaction from Clinton and the reactions from Democrats in Congress.
Really, people. Talk about boring discussions. Instead of discussing the issue at hand, it quickly devolved into a discussion of Lindsay Graham. Childish.
the two aren't mutually exclusive
I'd love to talk to you after an expert mechanic screws up your car beyond all recognition.
You gotta get out of that Ivory Tower, my friend. Experts don't get everything wrong…fools do. Wolfie and Butters are both fools.
@Scott:
Sorry – I didn't mean to hijack the discussion.
But we have to stop listening to idiots like Graham who have no authority based on their own track record.
For my take on the topic please see:
Tony W says:
James, I think the point that is being missed here is that hyperbole itself is evidence that Graham is not an expert in foreign policy. Symbols and rhetoric are the core tools of diplomacy – and in those areas Graham is clueless. The most effective diplomats, as Clavin points out above, are the moderates because they neutralize the crazies (on both sides). Graham is part of the problem – not the solution.
anjin-san says:
An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers
So a guy who is pretty much always wrong is recognized by his peers on the right, who are pretty much always wrong, as an expert. And that makes him an expert.
The 21st century gives me a headache…
It's too early in the morning for treaty-reading here on the west coast. But I'd suggest that one way to judge the honesty of critics is by the alternatives they put forward. Because as far as I can see there are three scenarios:
1) A fantasy negotiation that would have come out better.
2) Eternal sanctions.
3) War.
#1 is just so much vapor. If you weren't in the room for the last 2 years you don't know what you could or couldn't have negotiated.
#2 is nonsense – the sanctions regime is already fraying and will only continue to weaken. Russia isn't going to play along indefinitely.
#3 is what Israel, Saudi Arabia, their Congressional employees and the ever-agitated neocons really want. But they are doomed to disappointment because the American people are just not interested in another war at this time.
So, if your position is that "Person X could have negotiated better," you'll need to explain how Person X would have managed this given that we have allies in this, given that sanctions are never forever, given that we are not up for a war just now, and given that Iran knows all this.
Iran still has not been held fully accountable for its attack on the US embassy, seizure of US property, and the imprisonment of US citizens.
Iranians would say that the United States has not been held fully accountable for overthrowing a democratically-elected government in Iran in 1953 and putting the Shah (and his hideous secret police) in power…you reap what you sow…
Actually, the point is that you're contradicting yourself. Now that I look at it again, I notice that your first claim wasn't, in fact, that Graham was "accorded" expertise, but that he actually had it. You wrote:
Senator Lindsey Graham, a longshot contender for the Republican nomination with real expertise on foreign affairs issues,
You didn't just claim other people regarded him as an expert, you yourself lauded his "real expertise on foreign policy." When called on this, you're now trying to walk it back, because even you can't point to any actual real-world accomplishments, predictions, or pronouncements that indicate an actual knowledge and understanding of the subject on Graham's part.
Gustopher says:
@Paul Hooson:
And, a further problem is that Iran is only delayed from developing a nuclear bomb, not prevented by this proposal, leaving a mess for a future president to deal with, if Israel or Saudi Arabia don't act first at some point…
Would you really trust a permanent deal?
I think this is better than a permanent deal as it keeps the pressure on the Iranians. This isn't a solved problem that everyone in the international community can then walk away from pleased to have done their job once and for all — whereupon Iran can restart when people aren't paying close attention and then we have the problem of getting everyone worked up about it again.
@Scott: To answer my own request, I recommend this: not a political power article but a cultural one. Impressionistic but interesting.
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/iran-past-the-paranoia/
@humanoid.panda: I was quoting James' article. If you read it, you would know that.
A sub-title on Salon.Com…really sums up all the reaction that I've seen so far:
A Win for Diplomacy is a Loss for Republicans
@stonetools: I would say the president is down near the Millard Fillmore range and is getting closer to Andrew Johnson.
"Worldly wisdom teaches that it is better for reputation to fail conventionally than to succeed unconventionally." — John Maynard Keynes
Still waiting for you to back this up…
All the while "negotiations" were going on, Iranian leaders were threatening the US, Iraq, and Israel – with nuclear attack.
If you can't…or aren't willing to admit you were lying…then you shouldn't be commenting further.
@Tyrell: If I challenged Stonetools on his opinion of Obama, I expect he could,top of the head, produce a pretty good argument with examples. You?
@Rafer Janders: We're having two related arguments—both tangential to the subject of the post—on Graham's expertise. I note, in damning Graham's comments, that they're worse because of his genuine expertise in foreign policy. In response to this, it was alleged that Graham can't be an expert because he's on the wrong side of the issue. I then produce a definition for "expert" that demonstrates Graham meets the facets required for that designation, which produced a sidebar debate on whether he met the definition.
Expertise on complex problems isn't gauged on one's ability to predict the future but by a combination of credentials, experience, and being sought out for one's opinions on the subject. Indeed, experts are often very poor predictors for a variety of reasons. In contentious fields like foreign policy, leading experts often diverge bitterly on interpretations of the facts.
Graham knows more about foreign and military affairs than 99.99% of the populace. He's legitimately an expert in those fields. I nonetheless disagree with him on most issues related to foreign policy. (Relatedly: Rand Paul is an expert in the field of medicine. I'm not. I nonetheless disagree with him on vaccines and feel comfortable doing so.)
being sought out for one's opinions on the subject
Who is doing that?
"In response to this, it was alleged that Graham can't be an expert because he's on the wrong side of the issue."
No, the problem is that Graham cannot be an expert because he has been on the wrong side of every issue. At some point, his track record has to be taken into account in determining whether he actually possesses the knowledge of the field needed to be an expert.
@C. Clavin: The United States Senate. Pretty much every media outlet on the planet.
@Moosebreath: It's hyperbolic to say he's wrong on every issue. He's generally pro-interventionist but then so are a whole lot of people, left and right, who are widely acknowledged experts. (Susan Rice is wrong at least as often as Graham. She's clearly an expert.)
@humanoid.panda: Here you go: Iran Nuclear Deal Struck, Reactions Pretty Much What You'd Expect
2nd to last paragraph.
de stijl says:
@An Interested Party:
And this has been explained to that particular commenter again and again and again.
He will not be satisfied until Iran eats our poop, poops out the remnants of our poop, and is forced by international law to rub it all over their faces and in their hair, and then we get to call them poopyheads for eternity. That's the level of his analysis.
One – Butters got himself elected to the Senate…the Senate didn't come looking for him.
Two – the media wouldn't know an expert if said expert bit the media in the arse. McCain, Bill Kristol, Dick Morris, Liz Cheney, Stephen Moore, Sarah Palin, Tucker Carlson…the list of people with no expertise who regularly appear on the media is shameful…and hardly a qualifier for anything.
@Tyrell: Then you really are completely ignorant of history in addition to everything else.
Pretty much every media outlet on the planet.
Uh James? Pretty much every media outlet on the planet seeks out Donald Trump for comment too. I don't think it's his expertise they're interested in.
So basically what you have moved the goal posts to is that Butters is a Senator who gets on TV alot and that makes him an expert.
(Susan Rice is wrong at least as often as Graham. She's clearly an expert.)
(A) Susan Rice is not wrong at least as often as Graham. It's idiocy to assert that.
(B) Susan Rice studied history at Stanford and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford, where she earned a DPhil and where her dissertation was lauded as the most distinguished in the UK in the field of international relations. She served on the National Security Council, as director for international organizations and peacekeeping, and as special assistant to the president and senior director for Africa under Clinton, was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and has served as UN Ambassador and National Security Adviser under Obama. With almost thirty years of high-level academic and professional work in the field, she's legitimately an expert.
Graham, by contrast, is a US Senator with a BA in Psychology and a JD from the University of South Carolina. Where did he study foreign affairs? What has he published? Lacking any actual academic or practical background in the field, his only claim to expertise can come from what he's done and said on the Senate Int'l Relations Committee — but, as noted above, virtually all of what he's done and said there indicates he has little to no actual understanding of the topic.
@Moosebreath:
If a doctor could diagnose every ailment competently and expertly, but his only suggested treatment plan solution for every patient, no matter the disease from the common cold to bowel obstruction to Stage 4 bone cancer, was an appendectomy, would you consider that doctor to be an "expert?"
For Joyner, the definition of "expert" is someone who has knowledge.
Graham knows more about foreign and military affairs than 99.99% of the populace. He's legitimately an expert in those fields.
But if belligerence and war is the only tool in his kit, he is a very fixated, foolish expert.
So Lindsey Graham is an expert on international affairs the same way Donald Trump is, then, if we're counting the fact that media outlets want to interview them as proof of expertise.
@Rafer Janders: So, Rice is an expert because she had a PhD and has worked in foreign policy for decades, whereas Graham isn't an expert, despite working in foreign policy for decades, because he only has a JD? Surely Paul Wolfowitz, also a neocon, is an expert then? He has his PhD from Chicago.
@C. Clavin: Not just a Senator but a longtime member of the SASC, an Air Force judge, etc. He's deeply learned in the issues and has spent years as a high level practitioner.
@de stijl: Foreign policymaking isn't akin to being an auto mechanic or even a physician. Steady state systems allow for a different level of skill than complex systems.
@Rafer Janders: Trump has legitimate expertise in business and self-promotion, but none in foreign affairs.
You cannot always be wrong and also be
a high level practitioner.
Perhaps he's a low level practitioner?
C'mon…admit it…he's a hack pretending to be something he's not. He's a wannabe. I'm willing to bet real experts laugh at him behind his back. I mean…he was a judge…he was never even deployed.
If he were a Dr. he would lose his license for malpractice.
I think the problem you are having here is linguistic in nature. You are saying expertise when you mean experience. Experience is what you get by showing up; winners and loser both get experience from the game but the winner is the one waking away with the expertise. A towel boy is at the same game as the quarterback but you'd never confuse the two at crunch time. Being wrong is an experience that can lead to expertise if one bothers to learn from it and seeks to not make the same mistakes but it is not an automatic process. If one keeps losing/being wrong because one does nothing to improve oneself or evolve, then all one continually experiences is being a loser.
Graham has experience through contact, exposure, his job and duties. This is a fact. Graham is not an expert or have relevant expertise most would want to utilize based off his past performance. This is pretty much self-evident to everyone but Graham.
Steady state systems allow for a different level of skill than complex systems.
You've never watched House.
But seriously, I understand that you are arguing to your definition of "expertise" as knowledge and I agree with your assertion that:
Graham knows more about foreign and military affairs than 99.99% of the populace.
But expertise is more than knowledge of the current state. It is understanding that one's actions have both intended and unintended consequences and will change the dynamic. "What will our course of action be in this new environment we've created?" should not be an alien question to an expert in my definition of the word.
@James Joyner: It took Doug a couple years to learn to, usually, not lurk on the thread and keep digging. @C. Clavin: Made a snarky comment, a little hyperbolic. I think you've overreacted.
This is really a semantic argument. Are the people at the Heartland Institute experts on Global Warming? Yes. Are any of their public statements true? No. Should anyone seek or take their advice? No. Are they still experts? Yes, kinda, sort of.
I think you and C are both using this as a surrogate for debating the whole neocon enterprise. Or maybe even about whether there is objective truth. Either of which might be a more interesting discussion.
Trump has legitimate expertise in business and self-promotion, but none in foreign affairs.
I dunno, he is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in the domain of foreign affairs, and is believed to have special knowledge of the subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon the individual's opinion. Seems like an expert to me…..
So, Rice is an expert because she had a PhD and has worked in foreign policy for decades, whereas Graham isn't an expert, despite working in foreign policy for decades, because he only has a JD?
Yes, that's partly right. Rice is an expert both because of (a) academic credentials and (b) decades of work and experience in the field. Foreign affairs is all she's ever done. Graham, by contrast, has neither the education nor the experience. His work in foreign policy is merely one of multiple things he's responsible for as a Senator, and despite his years on committees it's not at all apparent that he's absorbed or learned anything.
Surely Paul Wolfowitz, also a neocon, is an expert then? He has his PhD from Chicago.
Yes, Paul Wolfowitz, though a neocon, is actually an expert. He's has a PhD from Chicago and decades of 24/7 hands-on work in the foreign policy field. He's wrong, and he's an idiot, but he does have a legitimate claim to expertise in his field and a deep and vast breadth of knowledge. Graham, by contrast, is merely an opinionated amateur. Had you claimed Wolfowitz as an expert you'd have had no quibble from me.
LWA says:
Graham is to Mideast expertise what Robert McNamara was to Asian expertise.
Or to paraphrase, a first class intellect and a second rate temperament.
Not just a Senator but a longtime member of the SASC, an Air Force judge, etc. He's deeply learned in the issues and has spent years as a high level practitioner.
Being in the Air Force and being a military judge in no way qualifies someone as a foreign policy expert. That's ludicrous.
Trump has been married thrice, two of his wives were foreigners.
He secretly started dating his second wife while still being married to his first.
Now, his second wife is an American, so that would only make it a domestic affair.
But, from the evidence presented, his personality and views, and my personal view of him, I assume that he has quite the expertise in not only domestic affairs, but also foreign affairs.
I would say the president is down near the Millard Fillmore range and is getting closer to Andrew Johnson.
Heh, Tyrell, you are an expert on Presidents like Lindsay Graham is an expert on foreign policy…
@stonetools:
Did he stay at a Holiday Inn Express last night by any chance? I hear Graham's trying to permanently book the room down the hall…..
Hal_10000 says:
OK. Whoever had "Tyrell" in the pool for "first person to mention Chamberlain in reference to the Iran deal" collect your winnings.
I think this is the last bad option. We can't bomb them without starting a massive international crisis. We can't maintain the sanctions forever. So we'll have to live with this (or Syria will, once Iranian money begins flowing into there).
Just 'nutha ig'rant cracker says:
He's looked to as [an expert] by both his peers and by the general public.
You're kidding, right? I mean, I can see the "by the general public" part, but by his peers? Are you guys really that credulous or is this more in the spirit of academic freedom/dorm room debates?
Here you go, Scott:
http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/02/23/is-the-iranian-regime-rational/
http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/03/irans-leaders-are-not-suicidal-nuclear-deal/386507/
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2012-06-15/why-iran-should-get-bomb
Foreign Affairs has a great article in one of its mid-2000s (IIRC) issues narrating Iran's assistance, cooperation, and outreach to the U.S. in the wake of 9/11/2000, but I'm loathe to go digging for it …
One more thing, having more foreign policy/military affairs expertise than "99.99% of the population" may not be that high of a bar to jump.
dazedandconfused says:
Our intelligence community dubs it "likely" that Iran stopped their weapons development program with the fall of Saddam in 2003. They found evidence there had been one up to then and evidence which strongly suggests they ceased at that time. I imagine they wished to save money and the problems testing would have brought upon them are clear. No testing equals little credible nuclear deterrent and a lot of people very angry at them. Bad combo.
I doubt reading the thing will provide a clear picture. The devil in the details of practice on verification prevents much certainty. At this time the primary effect is to separate Bibi from the balls he displayed at the UN and thereby lessen the risk the Likud dragging Israel and very likely the US along for another war in the ME.
Wow, a thread mostly on whether Lindsay Graham is a foreign policy expert. IMO, Lindsay Graham is a foreign policy expert like General George McClellan was a military strategist-except I think McClellan was a better general than Graham is a foreign policy expert.
As to the deal, I think it's the best we could get under the circumstances. I note most of the real foreign policy experts think the Administration did quite well, and most of the right wing ideologues are convinced that Iran was on the brink of total capitulation when OBummer and and that Vietnam War turncoat Kerry snatched defeat from the jaws of victory.
Time will tell, but I'm betting that the experts will be vindicated. I think these last 30 days may have been the best run ever by a "lame duck" President. What next , Obama? A cancer cure?
Wednesday, July 15, 2015 at 06:38
@stonetools: McClellan was a great strategist. Landing on the Virginia Peninsula was brilliant. And would have worked if led by anyone except McClellan. Great planner, lousy fighter.
IMO, Lindsay Graham is a foreign policy expert like General George McClellan was a military strategist-except I think McClellan was a better general than Graham is a foreign policy expert.
Heh heh. No one gets that reference.
Trump Imposes New Sanctions On Iran. They Won't Work.
Trump Reimposes Sanctions On Iran Previously Lifted Pursuant To Nuclear Deal
Trump Taking Ill-Advised Militaristic Position Regarding Iran
Netanyahu's New Claims Against Iran Prove To Be Much Ado About Nothing
Quick Release Of American Sailors Shows The Value Of Diplomacy
Facts over Feelings
A Repudiation After All?
House Democrats and Dashed Expectations
Two Parties, Not Two Countries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Game Classy has posted episode 71 of their podcast up online for your listening pleasure.
The boys apply to be the new CEO of Games Workshop, it doesn't go well. They also talk about A new DC Cryptozoic expansion and Tank War. All this and some kickstarter news.


text:
Vivian Cherry (July 27, 1920 – March 4, 2019) was an American photographer best known for her street photography. She was a member of the New York Photo League.

Early life
Vivian Cherry was born in Manhattan on July 27, 1920, and grew up in the Bronx, New York. Her parents, Sasha and Ida (Agranovitch) Cherry, were Russian Jewish immigrants. Her father anglicized his name to Sam after arriving in the United States, and found work as a house painter. Her mother was a homemaker.

Cherry's earliest ambition was to become a dancer. She studied dance at the Denishawn School in the Bronx before attending Walton High School.

Career
After a short stint at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Cherry began dancing professionally. She performed with the Helen Tamiris Dance Company; in nightclubs like La Conga and Le Bal Tabarin; in the Lunch Hour Follies, a wartime entertainment put on by the American Theater Wing; and the Broadway musical Sadie Thompson.

When a knee injury put her dance career on hold, Cherry found work at a photography lab for the news service Underwood & Underwood. As she mastered the technical elements of the darkroom, she became more and more curious about the photographers who took the images she processed. She bought a Graflex camera and went out to take pictures of her own. Cherry returned to Broadway once more, to dance in the 1945 revival of Showboat, but when that musical closed she decided to pursue a career in photography full time.

Vivian Cherry joined the Photo League cooperative in 1946. She met the photographer and teacher Sid Grossman through the League; he would become her mentor. In the 1940s and 1950s, she licensed photographs to magazines like Collier's, Life, Look, Ebony, and Popular Photography. She documented ordinary people amid the swirl of city life; one of her best-known photo series is of commuters traveling to and from work on the Third Avenue El. That series is bookended by a later one showing men at work dismantling that train line in 1955.

Cherry also traveled outside of New York City for her photo essays, including a pair that focused on issues of healthcare among the Navajo and Pueblo nations and among West Virginia coal miners. Her photography was inspired by the documentary work of Dorothea Lange, Helen Levitt, and Paul Strand.

Like Helen Levitt, she frequently photographed children at play on the streets of New York City. One of these photographs, Playing Lynched, East Harlem, New York (1947), was taken when Cherry witnessed a group of children playing a game that reenacted, in pantomime, the scene of a lynching. The image illustrates the pervasive effects of racial terror in the United States, a theme that was of great concern to the leftist Cherry and her colleagues at the Photo League. Its composition references the photo postcards of lynchings that circulated in the United States at that time, creating a disturbing contrast with the actual subject of the photograph, a Black child playing a game. Although it is now one of her most prominent works, at the time Cherry could not immediately find a publisher for this photograph and others from the same series – when she submitted them to McCall's, the magazine rejected them. In 1948, her larger series "Game of Guns" looking at violence and children's play was published in the French magazine Regards; it wasn't published in the US until 1952.

Vivian Cherry took a long hiatus from photography beginning in the early 1960s. For about 25 years, she focused on jewelry-making as an artistic pursuit, while working as an X-ray technician alongside her husband Dr. Louis Finger. When she returned to photography in the late 1980s, she began working for the first time in color, including on a series of photographs of people with tattoos. By the early 2000s she had returned to her signature black-and-white film.

Cherry continued shooting street photography into her eighties. She was injured while photographing an anti-war protest in Manhattan – crushed by the crowd, she broke her hip, a wrist, and several ribs. Speaking of this event, she later said "I wasn't as fast as I used to be."

Publications
Helluva Town: New York in the 1940s and 50s. New York: powerHouse, 2008. . With a text by Barbara Head Millstein.
Vivian Cherry's New York. New York: powerHouse, 2010. . With an essay by Julia Van Haaften.

Collections
Cherry's work is held in the following permanent collections:
 Museum of Modern Art, New York: 4 prints (as of December 2019)
 Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY: 25 prints (as of December 2019)
 International Center of Photography, New York: 3 prints (as of December 2019)
The Jewish Museum, New York: 3 prints
National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC: 1 print

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions
Vivian Cherry: a Working Street Photographer, 1940s–1990s, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY, 2000

Group exhibitions
Life of the City, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2002
Photography Collection: Rotation 4, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2006–2007

Personal life
Vivian Cherry was married four times; three of the marriages ended in divorce. She had one son, Steven Schmidt.

She died in Albuquerque, NM on March 4, 2019. She was 98 years old.

References

External links

Street photographers
20th-century American photographers
Queens College, City University of New York alumni
1920 births
2019 deaths
People from Manhattan
20th-century American women photographers
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
21st-century American women


To view my writing and blog posts not pertaining to photography/cinematography/design, please visit my new website, Hopeful Undertones!
Because "tomorrow" will always become "tomorrow" once again. Once we stop making today into "tomorrow" is when we really start living. In the grand scheme of existence, there is a thin line between our beginning and our end. But how can we live without death in our sights? How can we have life, in all it's extremes and urgencies, without knowing that our bodies will one day part the sensations of this earth? There are no extremes without an opposite. To understand life we must understand the inevitability of death. To strive for good we must oppose the tendencies of evil. Learn to embrace the fleeting state of this life, as both a motivator and as a current; a current that pulls you along with every other ebb and flow of life. Love each moment for what it is, because every moment is unique in all it's senses. Find hope, with perseverance and suffering, in the hard times. Find joy, with bliss and thankfulness in the good times. And always, regardless of the situation, find comfort in the presence and being of others, because others are those who make us. Don't avoid death, simply confront life.
Many people see life as one big journey, with a finish line as their final destination. They see this finish as the main goal, a point in time or place in life that will finally bring them the satisfaction or happiness they are looking for. It's great to have goals like this, because it will give you a drive and motivation all through life. However, many people become too fixated on nothing but a culmination of everything they live for. Due to this tunnel vision, they forget to appreciate everything that is surrounding them.
Everyday, whenever I feel impatient, anxious, or sad, I remember to slow down and take in everything around me. Live life with a goal in mind, always, but don't forget to enjoy every step of your journey.
It seems that many people are under the impression that they never have had, and never will have, the opportunity to become "successful." They look at other's success with envy, choosing to believe that success comes from nothing but good look. Yet, while this jealousy is consuming their lives, they fail to see the vast amount of opportunities that are presented to them. Everyday we are given the chance to do something new, to work towards something greater, and to be something more.
Taking action in this life is the only reliable way to move forward. How many times have you thought to yourself, "I wish I would have started yesterday." This can be discouraging to think about sometimes; we continue to think about the negatives in our inability to act, and lose time that could have been spent working. Learn to allow this frantic push to encourage you to keep doing, rather than letting it hold you back. My encouragement to all of you is to start something new today. Start something that you will be eager to work towards every single day. Start something that drives you. Start something that forces you to wake up each morning and jump out of bed. Start something you love. Give yourself an opportunity that you can grasp, and give yourself a meaning to live every day.
Work at what you love.
Sometimes, especially after confrontations of difficulty, we choose to cut ourselves off and face troubles alone. Often times when we are lonely, we choose to stay in solitude rather than enjoy the presence of friends. In life, we occasionally become disconnected from those around us. Although I've only enjoyed 17 years on this life, I can say with confidence that the company of others is extremely important in multiple aspects. Every person you will meet will bring something new to the table. Try to befriend every person you anticipate can bring something positive to your life, and try to spread that positivity around in return.
Stay connected to the things and people that help you, and eliminate the presence of anything that brings harm. In my blog post, Language, I've written about a similar idea. Communication and constant company can lead to relationships that improve your life in so many ways. It is hard to enjoy the unavoidable mundane occurrences in life when you are alone, but with the company of even one good friend, the most boring of moments can be transformed into something memorable and great. Seek the friendship of other great people, and always be willing to give as much as you receive.
Live with a purpose, and don't let common obstacles get in the way of the life you think is optimal to yourself. Success is not defined by the amount of money you earn, or the number of followers you obtain. Success is completely subjective to each and every person. Learn enough about yourself that you can tailor every action you take to bring a benefit to both your immediate and distant future.
Always have goals in mind.
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text:
BR Home Page > Box Scores > 2021 > Milwaukee Brewers at Pittsburgh Pirates Box Score, July 1, 2021
Pittsburgh Pirates Schedule
Milwaukee Brewers Schedule
Milwaukee Brewers Batting
Pittsburgh Pirates Batting
Milwaukee Brewers at Pittsburgh Pirates Box Score, July 1, 2021
Venue: PNC Park
Milwaukee Brewers 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 7 9 0
Pittsburgh Pirates 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 6 0
WP: Corbin Burnes (4-4) • LP: Wil Crowe (1-5)
You are here: BR Home Page > Box Scores > 2021 > Milwaukee Brewers at Pittsburgh Pirates Box Score, July 1, 2021


It is spring here on the Olympic Peninsula. New birds are chirping in the forest, and the seasonal fish are starting to migrate into the area. It's an exciting time in the forest. Just today I counted a few dozen trilliums hiding in the sea of ferns. Amazing!
Hiking season is officially here, now that the snow is melting from the mountains. I can't help reflecting back to all the mistakes I've made on the trail in the past, even more so how many right choices as well. So many great adventures! How does one process them all? For me it takes a few months or even years to truly appreciate doing something unique, of let's say a 10 day trek across the Olympic Mountains.
Maybe I should focus on being more in the moment? Maybe it takes going in the city and being stuck in traffic for hours, to truly appreciate it all. I don't really have all the answers, but I do know how nice it is to breathe fresh air.


Hi guys, my name is Rowan. I am 20 years old currently living in Cardiff working a part time job. As well as a part time job I am looking to do some volunteering in the mental health sector or with the homeless community until the next academic year where I will start my psychology degree at Nottingham Trent University.
Volunteering locally is really important, however I have felt to really challenge myself I would have to travel. Hearing of my friends volunteering experiences abroad made me realise that this is something I really needed to do for the experience as well as the rewarding aspect of it . From reading the description of the organisation on the website I came to admire the reasoning behind Tom Gill and Carla Powell that inspired them in creating the organisation. They realised that there were issues that needed addressing in these parts of the world but also realised that there were not projects set up that made it affordable for people to get involved. This along with the projects close ties with universities prompted me to get involved as I saw them as a project I could really trust to have its volunteers best interests at heart.
Something about being a child is very special. I feel that play is important in anyones upbringing and I think anyone who looks back on their childhood will always remember the times of playing as being the best. In countries such as Uganda children are often left with little facilities they can play on, this is where I believe East African Playgrounds can step in by providing facilities to those less fortunate than ourselves. I hope with my help and the other volunteers we can really change these peoples lives for the better.
Best of luck on your amazing Journey!


Joan graduated with a Bachelor's in Science Industrial Management and Master's in Science in Management from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Her electrolysis and laser training is from the Georgia School of Electrology, and the Electrology Institute of New England. She is a licensed electrolysis and member of the American Electrology Association.
Joan has been married over 30 years, has two daughters, a son-in-law, one grandson and a beloved black lab named, Spade. She is very active in her community and church. Her hobbies include working out, baking, playing fetch with Spade, and visiting/spoiling her grandson.
Electrolysis and Laser training was completed from Dectro International Electrology Institute and the Electrology Institute of New England.
Sue has been married over 40 years with two children. Her hobbies include baking, reading, traveling, exercising and volunteering for her community and church.
Holly complete her training from the Electrology Institute of New England.
Holly is married with one son. She has two dogs: a Chocolate Labrador Retriever, Maple and a Labrador Retriever Mix, Barney. Her hobbies include exercising, cooking, and playing with her dogs.


Hawks are 10-43 from arc in series. Carroll is banged up, Korver is out for the series and Atlanta is down 2-0 heading to Cleveland, after they had won seven of previous eight games with Cavaliers. Six of last nine series games went over total. Cleveland won last five games, is 10-2 in playoffs with eight of last 11 games staying under total- their last three wins were by 21-8-12 points. Tristan Thompson had 16 rebounds, was +21 in Game 2 win. Hawks split six road playoff games this spring.


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Easter is a very important day for Christians, The sunrise creates awesome scenes and great feeling on this day, Christians wake up early in the morning and enjoy this day with ukessays company people and also with their families.
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A knife (plural knives) is a cutting tool with an exposed cutting edge or blade, hand-held or otherwise, with or without a handle. Knife-like tools were used at least two-and-a-half million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools.Originally made of rock, bone, flint, and obsidian, knives have evolved in construction as technology has, with blades being made from bronze, copper, iron, steel, ceramic. and titanium. Many cultures have their own unique version of the knife. Due to its role as humankind's first tool, certain cultures have attached spiritual and religious significance to the knife. Most modern-day knives follow either a fixed-blade or a folding construction style, with blade patterns and styles as varied as their makers and countries of origin.


Turn your son into a man-mangling murderer with a Freddy Fazbear Costume for boys! This Five Nights at Freddy's costume features a Freddy mask with his creepy brown bear face, light brown ears, and black top hat. The plush top features brown sleeves, a light brown chest, and a black bow tie. Complete Freddy's not-so-cuddly teddy bear look with the brown bear mittens, and your son will be ready to prowl the pizza parlor! Shoes and pants not included.