text:
Lefemine for Life
"He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God." 2 Samuel 23:3, KJV
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum – Flyer
Posted by lefemine on January 17, 2012 No comments
1) "Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for partial-birth abortion supporter, pro-abortion activist, CFR-member Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor, and for pro-abortion Arlen Specter for US Senator in Pennsylvania. Rick Santorum is NOT a principled Pro-Life politician !
2) No Rick Santorum sponsorship of known principled Federal PERSONHOOD Legislation in 16 Years in US Congress (1991-2007)
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
Continued … See complete flyer as Word document at:
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) member Newt Gingrich
To: The Times Examiner, Greenville, SC
Subject: Letter to the Editor
The purpose of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is "to submerge our nation into
a socialist, one-world government", according to an article in the May 15, 1995 issue of
The New American, entitled "The Definition of Tyranny". The full text of the article is posted at:
www.christianlifeandliberty.net/CFR-TNAart.doc.
Newt Gingrich is a long-time member of the CFR, and he is currently listed on the CFR website,
on the CFR�s own Membership Roster, at: www.cfr.org/about/membership/roster.html. The recent
past CFR membership of Newt Gingrich can also be verified on CFR Membership lists for 2006, 2008,
and 2009 posted at: www.stopthenorthamericanunion.com/DidYouKnow.html. In fact, Newt Gingrich
is documented as a CFR member on the June 30, 1991 CFR Membership Roster printed in the book,
"The Insiders, Architects of the New World Order," By John F. McManus, 1992.
Newt Gingrich voted for NAFTA on November 17, 1993, as can be seen on the U.S. House website at:
http://clerk.house.gov/evs/1993/roll575.xml. Newt Gingrich also voted in 1994 for the creation of the WTO and America's membership therein; and Newt Gingrich voted in 1998 for Most Favored Nation status for Communist China. Newt Gingrich also endorsed pro-abortion, pro-sodomite RINO Dede Scozzafava in the well-publicized U.S. House NY District #23 special election in 2009. See "Newt Gingrich endorses Dede Scozzafava in NY-23 House race", dated October 16, 2009, at: www.syracuse.com – Type article title into "Site Search".
May the Lord deliver us from such false leadership, which leads to destruction (Isaiah 3:12, Isaiah 9:16, KJV).
/ s /
Steve Lefemine, pro-life missionary
dir., Columbia Christians for Life (CCL)
PO Box 12222, Columbia, SC 29211
_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
Posted as Word document at:
Steve Lefemine, January 5, 2012
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
IOWA: Romney (25%), Santorum (25%), Paul (21%), Gingrich (13%), Perry (10%), Bachmann (5%)
Romney Wins Iowa Caucus by 8 Votes
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/us/politics/santorum-and-romney-fight-to-a-draw.html?_r=2&hp Published: January 3, 2012
[ excerpts ]
– "With 99 percent of the vote counted, Mr. Santorum and Mr. Romney, whose views represent the polar sides of the party, each had 24.6 percent."
– "Representative Ron Paul of Texas was a close third on Tuesday with 21 percent of the caucus votes."
– "Mr. Gingrich was in fourth place with 13 percent of the votes, followed by Mr. Perry with 10 percent and Representative Michele Bachmann of Minnesota with 5 percent. More than 120,000 Republicans took part in the caucus, a turnout that was slightly higher than four years ago."
From Columbia Christians for Life:
– Iowa chooses 3 followers of false religion out of top 4 candidates
1. MITT ROMNEY – follower of false religion of Mormonism
2. RICK SANTORUM – follower of false religion of Roman Catholicism, Papal Knight of Malta
3. RON PAUL – professed Christian (Baptist)
4. NEWT GINGRICH – follower of false religion of Roman Catholicism, Papal Knight of Malta
5. RICK PERRY – professed Christian (evangelical)
6. MICHELE BACHMANN – professed Christian (evangelical)
Continued … See complete report at:
Posted: January 4, 2012 / Revised January 5, 2012
No Rick Santorum sponsorship of known principled Federal PERSONHOOD Legislation in 16 Years in US Congress (1991-2007)
RICK SANTORUM IN U.S. SENATE: January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2007
RICK SANTORUM IN U.S. HOUSE: January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1995
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_
In 16 years in the U.S. Congress (4 years in the U.S. House, then 12 years in the U.S. Senate, Rick Santorum is not known to have ever introduced any principled Personhood Bill or Personhood Amendment as primary sponsor, nor to have ever even co-sponsored any principled Personhood Bill or Personhood Amendment, in either the U.S. House or the U.S. Senate.
No Rick Santorum sponsorship of known principled Federal PERSONHOOD Legislation
in 16 Years in US Congress (1991-2007)
– In 16 years in the U.S. Congress (4 years in the U.S. House, then 12 years in the U.S. Senate),
Rick Santorum is not known to have ever introduced any principled Personhood Bill or
Personhood Amendment as primary sponsor, nor to have ever even co-sponsored any
principled Personhood Bill or Personhood Amendment, in either the U.S. House or the
U.S. Senate.
Iran war-monger Rick Santorum, Papal Crusader Knight of Malta, Says He Would Bomb Iran's Nuclear Plants
Posted by lefemine on January 16, 2012 1 comment
Iran war-monger Rick Santorum, Papal Crusader Knight of Malta,
Says He Would Bomb Iran's Nuclear Plants
Santorum Says He Would Bomb Iran's Nuclear Plants
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/santorum-says-he-would-bomb-irans-nuclear-plants/
[ emphasis added ]
Rick Santorum said today that would be in favor of launching airstrikes against Iranian nuclear facilities.
"We will degrade those facilities through airstrikes, and make it very public that we are doing that," Santorum said on "Meet the Press."
[ CCL: Jesuit-ruled–CFR-member, 33rd Degree Mason, Papal Crusader Knight of Malta ] Newt Gingrich is only other candidate in the race who has said he is would support bombing Iran, although he said he would only do it as a last resort and as part of a plan to replace the leadership in Iran.
Iran war-monger Rick Santorum, Papal Knight of Malta Crusader,
END of UNJUST NWO Crusade War against IRAQ (2003-2011) – Part 1
December 15, 2011 – U.S. Secretary of Defense, Jesuit-educated, Knight of Malta, Roman Catholic Leon Panetta and JCS Chairman, Knight of Malta, Roman Catholic Army General Martin Dempsey attend Baghdad end-of-war / casing-the-colors ceremony
March 20, 2003 – "On my orders", Knight of Malta, Skull and Bones masonic secret society member, President George W. Bush, launched UNJUST Crusade War against sovereign nation of IRAQ.
"The invasion was aimed at removing Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction, which were not found." http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/story/2011-12-15/Iraq-war/51945028/1?csp=
The bogus "War on Terror" is Rome's Vatican / Jesuit General / Papal "Tenth Crusade" – advancing Rome's New World Order.
[ May the Lord forbid both a future UNJUST NWO Crusade War against IRAN,and a World War 3 (WW3). ]
Posted: December 26, 2011 / Corrected and Revised December 31, 2011 / Revised January 6, 2012
Continued from Part 1:
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
See www.ChristianLifeandLiberty.net, "News (2005-2010)" page and "News (2011)" page for additional reports and information.
This is the Globalist agenda behind 9-11, and the series of wars, conflict, and general CHAOS in the Middle East which that False Flag event on 9/11/2001 effectively launched. The fighting, turmoil, and bloodshed in Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, and the so-called "Arab Spring" involving Egypt, Libya, Syria, and elsewhere, are part of this cruel scenario. And now we are hearing the war-mongering rhetoric of those who want the United States to be ready to go to war against Iran. Where was the United States' support in 2009-2010 when there were bona fide popular election protests of the people in Iran against this latest designated Mid-East boogeyman, Freemason Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ?!?!?!
Freemason Ahmadinejad is playing a NWO role, right along with these his fellow Masonic brothers:
1) U.S. "President" Barack Hussein Obama – 32nd Degree Prince Hall Mason, Papal Servant
2) Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu – Freemason
3) Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas – Freemason [ Photo ]
4) Israeli President Shimon Peres (a former Israeli Prime Minister) – Jesuit–educated, Freemason
5) Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak (a former Israeli Prime Minister) – Freemason
6) Jordanian King Abdullah II – Freemason 7) Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair – Freemason, Knight of Malta, Bilderberger, Roman Catholic – Special representative of the so-called "Quartet" – the U.S., the U.N., the European Union and Russia 8 ) Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad – Freemason !!!
Ordo Ab Chao – "Order Out of Chaos"
The New World Order operative dynamic is "CHAOS" – to then bring a pre-planned "ORDER"
Scottish Rite Freemasonry 33rd Degree motto: (The New World) Order Out of (pre-planned, contrived, or opportunistic) Chaos
The United Nations – framework for the New World Order of one-world socialist / marxist / fascist / Masonic / Romanist / Jesuitical global tyranny.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
Posted: December 26, 2011 / Corrected and Revised December 31, 2011 / Edited and Revised Jan. 6, 2012
(Video) IOWA – Rick Santorum defended his support for partial-birth abortion supporter, pro-abortion activist, Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor – Oct. 22, 2011
Posted by lefemine on December 31, 2011 No comments
(Video) IOWA – Rick Santorum defended his support for partial-birth abortion supporter, pro–abortion activist, Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor – Oct. 22, 2011
C-SPAN video: After conclusion of Presidential Candidate Forum featuring six Republican Candidates at Iowa Faith and Freedom Coalition event, Des Moines, Iowa – October 22, 2011
– Providential sound bites recorded by C-SPAN of one-on-one between "pro-life" [sic] fraud Rick Santorum and principled young man after the Iowa Faith and Freedom event (partial transcription further below:)
– Rick Santorum campaigned for, and recently (October 22, 2011) [ view video at 3:47:00+ ] defended campaigning for, Jesuit-ruled–CFR-member, and partial-birth "abortion" supporter, Christine Todd Whitman, the feminist pro–abortion activist, former Governor of New Jersey !!! ]
(Video) IOWA – Rick Santorum defended his support for partial-birth abortion supporter,
pro-abortion activist, Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor – Oct. 22, 2011
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for partial-birth abortion supporter, CFR-member Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for partial-birth abortion supporter, CFR–member Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for pro–abortion candidates Christine Todd Whitman and Arlen Specter.
"Rick Santorum for President 2012″
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcg4TyyP5KU
Video (1:08) Views 5,520
Uploaded March 08, 2010
Rick Santorum is running for President in 2012.
Video script excerpts: [ emphasis added ]
" … Rick Santorum is a pro-life fraud.
"In 97, Rick Santorum campaigned for the abortion-promoting governor of New Jersey, Christine Todd Whitman. Governor Whitman has deep associations with radical abortion-supporting groups, Republicans for Choice and Republican Majority for Choice. In fact, Governor Whitman was an active proponent of partial-birth abortions."
"In 2004, Senator Santorum actively campaigned for radical abortionist Senator Arlen Specter instead of pro-life [ CCL: ??? ] Congressman Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania."
CCL Notes: 1) Christine Todd Whitman is also member of the New World Order's Jesuit-ruled, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
2) Senator Arlen Specter switched parties from Republican to Democrat in 2009.
3) Arlen Specter is also a 33rd Degree Mason
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for partial-birth abortion supporter,
CFR-member Christine Todd Whitman for NJ Governor
"Pro-life" fraud Rick Santorum campaigned for pro – abortion candidates Christine Todd Whitman and Arlen Specter.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
Selected CFR Military Leadership Membership List – America's Jesuit-ruled-CFR-led US Military
See the list below of over 60 selected senior United States military officers (US Army, US Air Force, US Marines, US Navy) who are now, or were in the past, members of Rome's treasonous New World Order Jesuit-ruled Council on Foreign Relations (CFR):
America's Jesuit-ruled-CFR-led US Military:
Fighting for Rome's Vatican / Papal / Jesuit General New World Order NATO and the US Military are being used as the Vatican's de facto UN Military in Rome's Papal "Tenth Crusade" !
Selected CFR Military Leadership Membership List
– America's Jesuit-ruled-CFR-led US Military
_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________
Steve Lefemine
Director, Columbia Christians for Life
Previous Candidacies
2008 US House (Independent / Write-in)
2004 US House (CP)
2000 SC Senate (CP)
DIY on Pro-Abort Fred Thompson on YouTube: 1994, 1996, and 2007
vb centella on Insider Senators 33rd Degree Mason Specter (R-PA) and CFR-member Snowe (R-ME) help pass U.S. Socialism Bill
suplemen otak on Rome Promotes Evolutionism, Excludes the God of Creation
vb centella on Masonic, Ecumenist, Universalist US President George W. Bush speaks at UNITED NATIONS on FAITH in "God"
suplemen otak on Bush White House 'Whipping the Vote' for CAFTA
Declaration of Causes of Secession
Occultic Symbols
Ordinance of Secession
Personhood Legislation
Priest Abuse
Rep. Bobby Franklin
War Between the States
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When a divorce happens, whether you're the one who decided to file for divorce or your spouse did, it can be surprising. Frankly, nobody ever gets married with the expectation of eventually getting divorced. However, these things do happen – and when they happen, it is imperative that you take the steps needed to protect your interests and the interests of your children, if you have any. Depending on your specific circumstances, you could be looking at a lengthy and contentious divorce process that causes a great deal of stress and concern about your future. The best way to ensure that you are happy going forward is to have a knowledgeable family law attorney on your side and helping you to navigate the New Jersey divorce court system. An experienced Maplewood family lawyer can take care of the complicated legal matters and allow the divorce process to go as smoothly as possible.
If you are considering a divorce, Joseph Nitti, Esq. can assist you. He has decades of experience representing clients in divorces in Maplewood and everywhere else in Essex County, NJ. Contact him today to get answers to any questions you might have.
You can count on Joseph Nitti, Esq. and the other skilled lawyers at Nitti & Nitti Attorneys at Law to handle your divorce or family law case with the care it deserves. We will take the time needed to go over the details of your case, address your concerns, and keep you informed throughout the legal process.
The family lawyers at Nitti & Nitti Attorneys at Law have been serving Maplewood residents for more than 30 years. Joseph Nitti, Esq., the law firm's managing partner, is a Member of the New Jersey State Bar Association and the Essex County Bar Association. He is a successful trial attorney who knows how to win in the courtroom. More than that, Mr. Nitti understands that contentious divorce cases can be hard on both spouses – which is why he will work diligently to try to resolve your divorce through mediation or some other less costly alternative, if possible. The NJ divorce process can be lengthy, time-consuming, and expensive. Let Joe Nitti and the other knowledgeable family law attorneys at Nitti & Nitti get you the closure you want and the financial security you deserve.
Joseph Nitti, Esq. is prepared to represent you in your Maplewood family law case. He will go over the details of your case with you and make sure that you are comfortable and confident about the next steps. Whether your case goes through divorce mediation or involves a more contentious courtroom battle, Joe Nitti and the other attorneys at Nitti & Nitti Attorneys at Law will make sure that your needs are met. Contact us today to discuss your case or to schedule a free initial consultation at our Roseland, NJ office.
Maplewood is a township in Essex County, New Jersey. Maplewood has a population of around 24,600 people packed into a geographic area of just under 3.9 square miles. Maplewood was formed in 1861 under the name South Orange Township, but the township name was eventually changed to Maplewood in 1922. Today, Maplewood is bordered by Irvington, Millburn, Newark, South Orange, West Orange, and Union. The main unincorporated communities in Maplewood are Hilton and Valley View. The Rahway River runs through Maplewood and other municipalities in Essex County, NJ.
According to the 2010 United States Census, there are 8,240 households and 6,287 families in Maplewood, New Jersey. Approximately 58% of Maplewood households have married couples who live together, while roughly 15% of households have a female householder and no husband. The median household income in Maplewood is more than $101,000 and the median family income is more than $122,000.


text:
Q: Spring profiles with Gradle I'm running a spring boot project with three different property files (application.properties, application-prod.properties, application-uat.properties. I'm using Maven and if I don't specify any argument, it will pick the default property file which is application.properties. Here's how the related files look.
application.properties
#Set active profile
spring.profiles.active=@activatedProperties@

#MongoDB configuration
spring.data.mongodb.host=${MONGODB_HOST:localhost}
spring.data.mongodb.port=${MONGODB_PORT:27017}
spring.data.mongodb.database=database
spring.data.mongodb.username=username
spring.data.mongodb.password=password

pom.xml
<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>UAT</id>
        <properties>
            <activatedProperties>uat</activatedProperties>
        </properties>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>PROD</id>
        <properties>
            <activatedProperties>prod</activatedProperties>
        </properties>
    </profile>
</profiles>

How can I achieve the same with Gradle? How can I let Gradle to pick the default (application.properties) if I don't specify any arguement?

A: I think this link will be useful for you...
https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/migrating_from_maven.html#migmvn:profiles_and_properties
Sample:
if (!hasProperty('buildProfile')) ext.buildProfile = 'default'

apply from: "profile-${buildProfile}.gradle"

task greeting {
    doLast {
        println message
    }
}

#profile-default.gradle
ext.message = 'foobar'

#profile-test.gradle
ext.message = 'testing 1 2 3'

#profile-prod.gradle
ext.message = 'Hello, world!'

This link can be useful too:
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-profiles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


October in Ferguson - anti-product. = Art All Sizes.
Back in October I got a call from my kid sister saying that my mom was being rushed to the hospital after suffering three heart attacks. I didn't think about anything and just hopped on a plane. At LAX I got word that she was undergoing triple bypass surgery and the whole trip to STL was filled with dread that I'd land to bad news. [I didn't.] My mom pulled through like a champ and I spent the next three weeks or so with her and my family.
Growing up I attended the Ferguson-Florissant school district and I spent decades in Ferguson. I know that city well and after hospital visiting hours were over I'd just spend the nights driving around and looking at the places where I grew up and I was able to see the protests that were planned for the month of October. I'd not been back for about a decade and it was surreal in so many ways.
I had a small set that was unfinished and since I hadn't made any new pieces for the project during my trip back home I finished these to fill in those empty slots.
Anyway, I'm not sure what I'll do with these but I really am happy with how they turned out.


text:
"The Fear of the LORD is the Beginning of Wisdom"
America Has Lost Its Moral Compass!
On May 26, 2019 By Earl RuncanIn Current Events, Our American Heritage
America: A Historical Reminder
Anyone who has taken the time to read about the factual history of our nation would have to agree that America was founded on the Judeo-Christian principles of the Holy Bible. There's just no denying it!
In fact, most of our Founding Fathers who signed our Declaration of Independence and our Constitution were professing Christians, and those who weren't still professed a belief in the God of creation.
How and why is it that so many of these men and women, and their families, were professing Christians?
To find those answers we literally have to go back to the earliest days of our founding, to the days of the Pilgrims and the Puritans.
In his book, America's Christian History: The Untold Story, Gary DeMar states, "One of the most useful tools in the quest for power is the educational system. The implication of this statement is obvious: Whoever controls the educational system will set the goals for the nation, establish its religious values, and ultimately control the future. From Sparta and Athens to Geneva and Harvard, education has been the primary means of cultural transformation."
In America, DeMar states, "One of the first acts performed in the New World was the establishment of schools and colleges. The Virginia colony was the first to charter a college at Henrico, Virginia in 1619, nineteen years before Harvard and seventy-four years before the College of William and Mary. Like all the colonial colleges, Henricus College was designed around the precepts of the Christian faith, 'for the training and bringing up of infidels' children to the true knowledge of God and understanding of righteousness'. The New England colonial colleges were designed to further the gospel of Christ in all disciplines."
"The founders of these early educational institutions understood the relationship between a sound education based upon biblical absolutes and the future of the nation. Putting the Bible in the hands of the people was an essential step toward religious and political freedom. From the very beginnings, the expressed purpose of colonial education had been to preserve society against barbarism, and, so far as possible, against sin."
DeMar continues to say, "When Trinity University was endowed as Duke University in 1924, its bylaws stated: 'The aims of Duke University are to assert a faith in the eternal union of knowledge and religion set forth in the teachings and character of Jesus Christ, the Son of God….' A study of colonial colleges will show that the character of Duke's founding was nearly identical to those colleges started in the seventeenth century."
"As the following chart demonstrates, with the exception of the University of Pennsylvania (1755), all of the colonial schools began as distinctly Christian institutions. Unfortunately, Duke and its educational predecessors no longer hold to their original denominational affiliations or their religious affirmations."
Date College Colony Affiliation
1636 Harvard Massachusetts Puritan
1693 William and Mary Virginia Anglican
1701 Yale Connecticut Congregational
1746 Princeton New Jersey Presbyterian
1754 King's College New York Anglican
(Columbia)
1764 Brown Rhode Island Baptist
1766 Rutgers New Jersey Dutch Reformed
1769 Dartmouth New Hampshire Congregational
DeMar emphasizes the obvious fact that, "Regardless of the vocation for which a student was preparing, the colonial college sought to provide an education that was distinctly Christian."
Where and With Whom Does the Fault Lie?
Because all humans have inherited Adam and Eve's "original sin", we are all born sinners! We aren't sinners because we sin, we sin because we are all sinners right out of our mother's wombs.
And even though no generation in America has been or is perfect, I believe from my generation of the Baby Boomers until now, the moral decline of America has escalated in some very concerning ways.
The battle cry of the Baby Boomers in the 1960's and 70's was, "If it feels good, do it", and we did!
What used to be considered sinful acts and speech by the majority of American citizens prior to the Baby Boomer generation, they are now celebrated as main street life choices that must not only be tolerated but accepted as the "new normal"! Anybody disagreeing with this "new normal" is now labeled as having some sort of phobia that must not be tolerated, or worse yet, a racist!
Sins of abortion (murdering babies), adultery, divorce, fornication (sex outside of marriage), homosexuality, lying, profanity, and sex changes were considered shameful acts only to be whispered about in generations prior to the Baby Boomers.
The truth is, we should all be ashamed of the sins in our lives and strive to turn from them, not continue to live openly in sin and celebrate them as if everyone should agree with those choices! This is clearly not a God-honoring way to live!
Sadly, many of our liberal elected officials not only disagree, they are feverishly passing laws, or attempting to pass laws, that do in fact happily celebrate some of these sinful acts!
Without a belief in a Holy Sinless God who expects and commands us to know and live by His standards, there is no need to be ashamed of anything since the "new normal" of moral relativism has now taken such a strong hold in our culture today.
How Can America Regain Its Moral Compass?
For starters, we can all take the time to get better acquainted with the Holy Sinless God who expects and commands us to know and live by His standards. That means making a commitment to read the Holy Bible, maybe for the first time in your life!
Next, choose to admit to, confess, and repent, or turn away, from the obvious sins in our lives. This is never an easy step. Christians, who have placed their faith in Jesus Christ, have been filled with God's Holy Spirit who empowers us and helps us turn from our wicked ways. For unbelievers, living without the indwelling of God's Holy Spirit, they must rely on their own strength and will power to change their ways.
Last, but certainly not least, if you are sincerely interested in doing your part to help America regain its moral compass, we must work feverishly and commit to voting out of office every liberal/socialist who stands against our morals and the values this great nation was founded on! This would also include all elected officials who have been spewing hateful antisemitic rhetoric from the halls of Congress.
To the Holy Sinless God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob be the glory now and forever! AMEN!
See you next week for more Wisdom Matters!
Is The "Great Tribulation" Coming Soon?
A News Flash For The World: Israel Will NEVER Be Defeated!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hello! My name is Jack Kovach and I am a Senior studying Computer Engineering and Computer Sciences. I am excited to be working as an Industry Co-Chair for Engineering EXPO. Throughout my life, I have had great enthusiasm for science and technology. I joined EXPO because the organization inspires students to feel a similar passion that I felt while I was growing up. These children are our future. It is important for them to encounter a positive (and fun) scientific environment and where they can see themselves fitting in.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Special relativity (SR)  postulates that the
laws of physics share many of the symmetries of Maxwell's equations and is valid at the largest energies attainable today
 \cite{pi}.  The maximal symmetry
group of Maxwell's equations is the   conformal
group $SU(2, 4)$.  However, the existence of particles with mass
 constrains spacetime symmetry to be no greater than the Lorentz group along with spacetime translations (i.e. Poincar\'e group).  The Poincar\'e
group is proposed as the symmetry of nature by SR principles.
 The possible violation of the
  Lorentz symmetry has received much attention  with new experimental
and theoretical challenges. For instance,
many theories of quantum gravity predict breaking of some symmetry groups
 \cite{alf}.    Experiments and astrophysical observations   set precise limits upon the parameters  illustrating these violations.
 The
spontaneous symmetry breaking of the Lorentz symmetry is assumed
  in extension of  the minimal standard model Refs. \cite{col,f}.
 On the other hand,  the nondynamical tensor fields are
introduced to determine the preferred directions that break the
Lorentz symmetry. Some of such investigations   are discussed by the Myers-Pospelov model \cite{rc} together with QED in a constant axial vector background \cite{aa}.
The
  Lorentz-invariant
theories  could emerge as effective
theories from a more fundamental scheme,  which is invariant under VSR groups but not invariant under the full
Poincar\'e group; this is  addressed in Ref. \cite{co}.

VSR is the set of subgroups of the Poincar\'e group which preserve the constancy of the velocity of light.
In this framework, it is   proposed that the laws of physics
are   invariant under the subgroups of Lorentz group SO(1,3) (with six parameters) rather than full Lorentz group    \cite{co,co1}.
Two most interesting
  subgroups of Lorentz group, the  four parameter   $SIM(2)$  group,
and the three parameter  $HOM(2)$ group have the property of rescaling a fixed null vector.
The remarkable property of these subgroups of the Lorentz
group is that  when they are supplemented
with $T, P$, or $CP$  the whole Lorentz group will be recovered.
 VSR has been studied as regards  several aspects. For instance, it has been generalized for the inclusion of supersymmetry \cite{co2, vo}. It
admits the generation of a neutrino mass without lepton
number  and sterile neutrinos violations \cite{co1}.
Further, it has been discussed in the case of
  curved spaces \cite{7,8},  noncommutativity
\cite{11}, the cosmological constant \cite{12}, dark matter
\cite{13}, cosmology \cite{14}, Abelian gauge fields \cite{15}, Born--Infeld electrodynamics \cite{16}, and non-Abelian gauge fields \cite{17}. Indeed it is not surprising that in spite of a considerable volume of research
on VSR, the higher form gauge theories in VSR  are still unstudied. A basic motivation of this paper is to
bridge this gap.

Higher-form gauge theories are generalizations of electromagnetism in which the
vector potential  a one-form  is replaced by exterior forms of higher degree.
Higher-form gauge theories are  an important ingredients in supergravity and superstring theory.
They are also   important  for the other branches of physics  \cite{green, pol, sud}.
For instance, the low energy excitations in string theories contain states described by antisymmetric tensor fields \cite{h,i}.  The antisymmetric tensor fields help to describe the various
supergravity models.  The  Abelian rank-2
tensor field gets relevance for the classical string theories \cite{a}, for the theory of
vortex motion in an irrotational, incompressible fluid \cite{b,c}, for the
dual formulation of the Abelian Higgs model \cite{d,e}.
They are also an ingredient of   supergravity multiplets
\cite{g} and play a role in anomaly cancellation of certain superstring theories \cite{degu}.
The 3-form gauge fields are also important for supergravity theories.
For instant, $N=1$ supergravity theory in $d=11$ dimensions includes a massless 3-form gauge
field. The study of solutions of such  supergravity theory shows that there are two-branes that indeed
do provide sources for 3-form fields \cite{st}.

In this paper we study the Kalb-Ramond (2-form) and Abelian rank-3 tensor (3-form) gauge theories in VSR.
Specifically,  we derive  the
gauge-invariant action for such theories  in VSR. We notice that such an action is not invariant
under the usual gauge transformation. However, it is invariant under the modified gauge
transformation written in terms of the wiggle operator.  The equations of motion for a Kalb-Ramond field is derived by which one eventually
gets a mass in VSR. A guage theory cannot be quantized without
choosing an appropriate gauge. Therefore,  we  choose a VSR-type Lorenz
gauge to quantize the theory. This gauge is incorporated in theory by adding a
corresponding  gauge-fixing term to the gauge-invariant action.
To make the theory physically equivalent, the gauge-fixing term induce  a ghost term in the path
integral. A remarkable feature of such study is that the ghost fields and ghost of ghost fields also get mass in
VSR. Since all these fields   acquire a common mass, it cannot be used as an alternative for the Higgs mechanism.
Further we compute the BRST symmetry for Kalb-Ramond theory in VSR.
To quantize the theory a VSR-type axial  gauge is also chosen
which has a simpler form than the VSR-type  Lorenz  gauge.
We   also quantize  the theory
utilizing BV formulation where we derive the extended quantum action of the model
satisfying the quantum master equation.
Further we study an Abelian 3-form gauge theory in VSR.
The 3-form gauge field together with various ghost fields also acquires mass in the VSR framework. We further perform the BRST quantization of such model also in VSR.
We also shed light on Abelian 3-form gauge theory in a BV formulation with a
similar outcome as in case of the 2-form gauge theory.

This presentation of the paper is as follows.
First we discuss the BRST quantization of an  Abelian 2-form gauge theory in
VSR in section II. In this  section the  BV formulation prospects are also studied.
In section III, we analyze Abelian 3-form gauge theory in
VSR. The BRST quantization and BV formulation are also studied in this section.
Finally, we conclude the results with a  remarks on future future in the last section.
 \section{Abelian 2-form fields in VSR}
 The Maxwell theory is modified in VSR; the same must happen to the
 Abelian rank-2 tensor (Kalb-Ramond) field theory.
To see this, we start with
  the field-strength tensor in VSR for Kalb-Ramond tensor field $B_{\mu\nu}$ in VSR involving a fixed null vector $n_\mu$ as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 F_{\mu\nu\rho}&=&\partial_\mu B_{\nu\rho}+\partial_\nu B_{\rho\mu}+\partial_\rho B_{\mu\nu}
+\frac{1}{2}m^2\left[n_\mu \frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2} n^\alpha(\partial_\nu B_{\rho\alpha} +\partial_\rho B_{\nu\alpha}) \right.\nonumber\\
 &+&\left. n_\nu \frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2} n^\alpha(\partial_\rho B_{\mu\alpha} +\partial_\mu B_{\rho\alpha})+n_\rho \frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2} n^\alpha(\partial_\mu B_{\nu\alpha} +\partial_\nu B_{\mu\alpha})\right].\label{fi}
 \end{eqnarray}
 The null vector  $n^\mu$  transforms multiplicatively under a VSR transformation
so that  the terms containing ratios having  $n^\mu$ are invariant.
 This field-strength tensor  is not invariant under the standard gauge transformation
 $ \delta B_{\mu\nu}= \partial_\mu \zeta_\nu - \partial_\nu\zeta_\mu$, where  $\zeta_{\mu}(x)$ is a vector
parameter.
Rather, this remains invariant under the following modified (VSR-type) gauge transformation:
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \delta B_{\mu\nu}&=&\tilde\partial_\mu \zeta_\nu -\tilde\partial_\nu\zeta_\mu,\nonumber\\
 &=&\partial_\mu\zeta_\nu -\partial_\nu\zeta_\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\zeta_\nu +
 \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\zeta_\mu,
 \end{eqnarray}
 where $\tilde\partial_\mu=\partial_\mu  -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu$ is known as the wiggle operator. To have the usual mass dimension for the wiggle operator, a
constant $m$ has to be introduced which fixes the scale of
VSR effects.

The gauge-invariant action in VSR  describing the massive Kalb-Ramond tensor field is given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
 S^{(2)}_0=\frac{1}{12}\int d^4x\ \tilde F_{\mu\nu\rho}\tilde F^{\mu\nu\rho},\label{cl}
 \end{eqnarray}
 where the wiggle field-strength tensor has the following form:
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \tilde F_{\mu\nu\rho}&=&\tilde \partial_\mu B_{\nu\rho}+\tilde\partial_\nu B_{\rho\mu}+\tilde\partial_\rho B_{\mu\nu},\nonumber\\
 &=&\partial_\mu B_{\nu\rho}+\partial_\nu B_{\rho\mu}+\partial_\rho B_{\mu\nu}
 -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu B_{\nu\rho}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\nu B_{\rho\mu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\rho B_{\mu\nu},\nonumber\\
 &=&F_{\mu\nu\rho}  -\frac{1}{2} m^2 \left(n_\mu\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha F_{\nu\rho\alpha}+n_\nu\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha F_{ \rho\mu\alpha}+n_\rho\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha F_{\mu\nu\alpha} \right).
 \end{eqnarray}
It is evident from the above relation that $\tilde F_{\mu\nu\rho}$ does not coincide with  $  F_{\mu\nu\rho}$ given in (\ref{fi}).

 The equations of motion (EOM) for the Kalb-Ramond field is calculated as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \tilde\partial_{\mu}\tilde F^{\mu\nu\rho}=0.
 \end{eqnarray}
 For the VSR-type Lorenz gauge $\tilde \partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu}=0$, the EOM reduces to
 \begin{eqnarray}
 [\square -m^2 ]B^{\nu\rho}=0,
 \end{eqnarray}
which remarkably implies that the field $B_{\mu\nu}$ has mass $m$. The non-local terms
are dealt with the following relation \cite{ale}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}=\frac{1}{\partial_t +\partial_z}=\int  dt_+,
\end{eqnarray}
where $t_+=\frac{t+z}{2}$.
Here we observe that our results are in agreement with \cite{15}.
Next we will study the covariant quantization of Abelian 2-form gauge theory in VSR.
 \subsection{Different gauges}
 In order to quantize a gauge theory we must add gauge fixing
term and the corresponding Faddeev-Popov term to the invariant action. Doing so, the gauge fixing term breaks the local gauge symmetry
and thus  the divergence of the functional integral disappears. However, the ghost term improves
the integration measure to provide correct predictions for gauge invariant observables. Therefore, for
so-called BRST quantization, it is necessary to introduce the following
ghost and auxiliary fields for reducible 2-from gauge theory: anticommuting vector fields $\rho_{\mu}$ and $\bar\rho_{\mu}$,
a commuting vector field $\beta_{\mu}$, anticommuting scalar fields $\chi$ and $\bar\chi$,
and commuting scalar fields $\sigma, \varphi,$ and $ \bar\sigma $.
The gauge fixing and ghost action for antisymmetric rank 2 tensor field in VSR-type Lorenz gauge is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
S_{gf+gh}^{(2)L}&=&\int d^4x\left[ i\bar\rho_\nu \tilde\partial_\mu(\tilde\partial^\mu\rho^\nu -
\tilde\partial^\nu\rho^\mu )-\bar\sigma\tilde\partial_\mu\tilde\partial^\mu\sigma +\beta_\nu(\tilde\partial_\mu B^{
\mu\nu} +\lambda_1\beta^\nu -\partial^\nu\varphi)\right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left. i\bar\chi(\tilde\partial_\mu\rho^\mu +\lambda_2 \chi) -i\bar\rho^\mu \tilde \partial_\mu \chi \right],\nonumber\\
&=&\int d^4x\left[i\bar\rho_\nu \left(\partial_\mu\partial^\mu \rho^\nu -\partial_\mu\partial^\nu
\rho^\mu -m^2\rho^\nu +\frac{1}{2}	\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n^\nu\partial\cdot\rho
+ \frac{1}{2}	\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial} \partial^\nu n\cdot\rho\right.\right.\nonumber\\
& -&\left.\left. \frac{1}{4}\frac{m^2}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\nu n\cdot\rho\right) -\bar{\sigma}
(\partial_\mu\partial^\mu -m^2)\sigma +\beta_\nu\partial_\mu B^{
\mu\nu} -\frac{1}{2}m^2\beta_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+\lambda_1\beta_\nu\beta^\nu \right.\nonumber\\
&-& \left. \beta_\nu\partial^\nu\varphi -i\bar\chi \partial_\mu\rho^\mu +\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\chi\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \rho^\mu-i\lambda_2\bar\chi\chi -i\bar\rho^\mu\partial_\mu\chi-\frac{i}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}\bar\rho^\mu n_\mu\chi\right], \label{gfix}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\lambda_1$ and $\lambda_2$ are gauge parameters.
It is evident from the above expression that the ghost fields and ghost of ghost fields
have   mass $m$ in  VSR. Since all the fields   acquire a common mass, it cannot be used as a replacement for the Higgs mechanism.
The ghost propagator and ghost of ghost propagator are computed, respectively, as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&D_{\mu\nu}^{gh}(k) =-\frac{1}{k^2+m^2}\left[g_{\mu\nu}+\frac{k_\mu k_\nu}{m^2}\right],\nonumber\\
&&D^{ggh}(p) =-\frac{1}{p^2+m^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
It can be seen that   the propagators and
vertices have the same large momentum behavior as in
Lorentz-invariant  theories. So the 2-form gauge theory in VSR is renormalizable.

The expression (\ref{gfix}) can further be written in terms of BRST variation $\delta_b$
of gauge-fixing fermion $\psi^L$ as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
S_{gf+gh}^{(2)L}&=&\delta_b\int d^4x\ \psi^L,\nonumber\\
&=&\delta_b\int d^4x\left[-i\bar\rho_\nu(\tilde\partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+\lambda_1\beta^\nu-\tilde\partial^\nu\varphi)
-i\bar\sigma(\tilde\partial_\mu\rho^\mu +\lambda_2\chi)\right],\nonumber\\
&=&\delta_b\int d^4x\left[-i\bar\rho_\nu  \partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu B^{\mu\nu}-i\lambda_1\bar\rho_\nu\beta^\nu +i\bar\rho_\nu\partial^\nu\varphi
 \right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left.  \frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot \partial}n^\nu\varphi -i\bar\sigma\left(\partial_\mu\rho^\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu \rho^\mu +\lambda_2\chi\right)\right],\label{gff}
\end{eqnarray}
where the BRST transformation of the fields is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta_b B_{\mu\nu} &=& -\left(\partial_\mu\rho_\nu -\partial_\nu\rho_\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\rho_\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\rho_\mu\right)\Lambda, \nonumber\\
\delta_b\rho_\mu &=& -i\left( \partial_\mu\sigma - \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\sigma\right)\Lambda,    \ \ \ \ \delta_b\sigma
= 0, \nonumber\\
\delta_b\bar\rho_\mu &=&i\beta_\mu \Lambda,    \ \ \ \
\delta_b\beta_\mu = 0,\  \ \ \
\delta_b\bar\sigma =-\bar\chi\Lambda, \nonumber\\
\delta_b\varphi &=& -\chi\Lambda, \ \ \ \ \
\delta_b\bar\chi =0, \ \ \ \ \delta_b\chi =0.\label{sym}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $\Lambda$ is an infinitesimal Grassmann parameter.

The gauge fixing and ghost action for the antisymmetric rank-2 tensor field in VSR-type axial gauge
 (i.e. $\eta_\mu B^{\mu\nu}=0$) is given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
S_{gf+gh}^{(2)A}&=&\int d^4x\left[ i\bar\rho_\nu \eta_\mu(\tilde\partial^\mu\rho^\nu -
\tilde\partial^\nu\rho^\mu )-\bar\sigma\eta_\mu\tilde\partial^\mu\sigma +\beta_\nu(\eta_\mu B^{
\mu\nu} +\lambda_1\beta^\nu -\eta^\nu\varphi)\right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left. i\bar\chi(\eta_\mu\rho^\mu +\lambda_2 \chi) -i\bar\rho^\mu \eta_\mu \chi \right],\nonumber\\
&=&\int d^4x\left[ i\bar\rho_\nu \eta_\mu\left(\partial^\mu\rho^\nu -
\partial^\mu\rho^\nu  -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n^\mu\rho^\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n^\mu\rho^\nu\right)-\bar\sigma\eta_\mu\partial^\mu\sigma \right.\nonumber\\
&+&\left.\frac{1}{2}m^2
\bar\sigma \frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}\eta\cdot n\sigma +\beta_\nu(\eta_\mu B^{
\mu\nu} +\lambda_1\beta^\nu -\eta^\nu\varphi)
- i\bar\chi(\eta_\mu\rho^\mu +\lambda_2 \chi) -i\bar\rho^\mu \eta_\mu \chi \right].
\end{eqnarray}
In terms of a gauge fixing fermion it can further be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
S_{gf+gh}^{(2)A}&=&\delta_b\int d^4x\left[-i\bar\rho_\nu(\eta_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+\lambda_1\beta^\nu-\eta^\nu\varphi)
-i\bar\sigma(\eta_\mu\rho^\mu +\lambda_2\chi)\right].
\end{eqnarray}
We see here that the gauge-fixed action in VSR-type axial  gauge has simpler form than the
Lorenz gauge. Next we discuss BV formulation of this model.
\subsection{Batalin-Vilkovisky formulation}
To analyze the BV formulation for Abelian rank-2 antisymmetric
tensor field theory  in VSR, we  first define the
generating functional in the VSR-type Lorenz gauge in field/antifield formulation by introducing
an antifield  corresponding to each field of the theory  with opposite statistics, thus:
\begin{eqnarray}
Z_{2-form}^L &=&\int\left[dBd\rho d\bar{\rho}d\sigma d\bar{\sigma}d\varphi d\chi d\bar{\chi}d
\beta\right]\exp\left[i\int d^4x\left\{\frac{1}{12}F_{\mu\nu\lambda}F^{\mu\nu\lambda}\right.\right. \nonumber\\
&-& \left.\left.  B^{
\mu\nu\star}\left(\partial_\mu\rho_\nu-\partial_\nu\rho_\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\rho^\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\rho^\mu\right)
\right.\right. \nonumber\\
&-& \left.\left. i\rho^{\mu\star}\left(\partial_\mu\sigma - \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\sigma\right) +i{\bar{\rho}}^{\nu\star}\beta_\nu-\bar{
\sigma}^\star\bar\chi-\varphi^\star\chi\right\}\right].
\end{eqnarray}
These antifields (starred fields) are identified  with the help of
the gauge fixed fermion given in (\ref{gff}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi^L
&=&  -i\bar\rho_\nu  \partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu B^{\mu\nu}-i\lambda_1\bar\rho_\nu\beta^\nu +i\bar\rho_\nu\partial^\nu\varphi -\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot \partial}n^\nu\varphi
 \nonumber\\
&-&  i\bar\sigma\left(\partial_\mu\rho^\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu \rho^\mu +\lambda_2\chi\right).
\end{eqnarray}
These identifications are
 \begin{eqnarray}
B^{\mu\nu\star }&=&\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta B_{\mu\nu}}=i\partial^\mu\bar\rho^\nu+
\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho^\nu\frac{1 }{n\cdot\partial}n^\mu,  \nonumber\\
\bar\rho^{\nu\star}&=&\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta \bar \rho_\nu}=-i\left(\partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{2}m^2\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu B^{\mu\nu}+
\lambda_1\beta^\nu -\partial^\nu\varphi +\frac{1}{2}m^2\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n^\nu\varphi \right),\nonumber\\
\rho^{\mu\star }&=&\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta \rho_{\mu}}=i\partial^\mu\bar\sigma +\frac{i}{2}\bar\sigma\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n^\mu,  \ \ \ \
\bar\sigma^\star =\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta\bar\sigma}=-i\left(\partial_\mu\rho^\mu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot \partial}n_\mu \rho^\mu +\lambda_2\chi\right),\nonumber\\
\sigma^\star &=&\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta \sigma}=0, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \chi^\star =\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta\chi}=-i\lambda_2 \bar \sigma,\nonumber\\
\varphi^\star &=&\frac{\delta \psi^L}{\delta\varphi}=-i
\partial_\mu\bar\rho^\mu -\frac{i}{2}m^2\bar\rho_\nu\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n^\nu, \ \ \bar\chi^\star =\frac{\delta \psi^L}{
\delta\bar\chi}=0.
\end{eqnarray}
This  can further be expressed  in a compact form as
\begin{equation}
Z^L_{2-form} = \int {\cal D}\phi\ e^{iW_{2-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)},
\end{equation}
where $W_{2-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)$ is an extended quantum action for the Abelian 2-form gauge theory in
the VSR-type Lorenz gauge  written in terms of generic field $\phi$ and antifield $\phi^\star$. It is well-known that the value of generating functional $Z^L_{2-form}$ does not depend on the choice of gauge-fixing fermion.
This extended quantum action, $W_{2-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)$, is the solution of  certain rich mathematical
relation, which is called the quantum master equation, given by
\begin{equation}
\Delta e^{iW_{2-form}[\phi, \phi^\star ]} =0,\ \
 \Delta\equiv (-1)^{\epsilon}\frac{\partial_l}{
\partial\phi}\frac{\partial_l}{\partial\phi^\star } .
\end{equation}
Corresponding to different choices of gauge condition, there will be many
possible solutions of the quantum master equation.
The ghost number and statistics of $\phi^\star$
are
\begin{eqnarray}
\mbox{gh} [\phi^\star]=-\mbox{gh} [\phi]-1,\  \ \ \epsilon(\phi^\star)= \epsilon(\phi)+1\ (\mbox{mod}
\ 2).
\end{eqnarray}
 The quantum action can be extended up to the one-loop order correction
   as
   \begin{equation}
  W_{2-form}[\phi, \phi^\star ]=S_0[\phi] +S^{(2)L}_{gf+gh} [\phi, \phi^\star ] +\hbar M_1[\phi, \phi^\star ],
   \end{equation}
where $S_0 +S^{(2)L}_{gf+gh} $ is the complete action   given in Eqs. (\ref{cl}) and (\ref{gff}) and $M_1$ appears from nontrivial measure factors.

   The behavior of $ W_{2-form}$  for BRST
   transformations can be given by
   \begin{equation}
  \delta_b
 W_{2-form} =i\hbar\Delta  W_{2-form}.
   \end{equation}
   For (non-anomalous) gauge theory up to first-order correction $M_1$
  the solution does not depend on antifields.
   In this situation, the BRST transformations of the complete
   action $S_0 +S^{(2)L}_{gf+gh}$ and $M_1$    are given by
   \begin{equation}
   \delta_b (S_0 +S^{(2)L}_{gf+gh})=0, \ \ \delta_b M_1 =i\Delta (S_0 +S^{(2)L}_{gf+gh}).
   \end{equation}
This result can further be generalized up to higher order of perturbation.

In the next section we will study the   case of an Abelian rank-3 tensor field theory in VSR.
\section{Abelian 3-form fields in VSR}
The Abelian 3-form gauge field is important for supergravity theory in higher spacetime dimensions.
So it is important to study such a gauge field in VSR.
Let us start by writing the  the field-strength for the Abelian 3-form gauge theory  in
  arbitrary $d$ dimensions
for VSR as
\begin{eqnarray}
H_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}&=&\partial_\mu B_{\nu\eta\chi} -\partial_\nu B_{\eta\chi\mu}+
\partial_{\eta}B_{\chi\mu\nu}-\partial_\chi B_{\mu\nu\eta}+\frac{1}{2}m^2 \left[n_\mu
\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha (\partial_\nu B_{\eta\chi\alpha
}-\partial_\eta B_{\chi\alpha\nu}+\partial_\chi B_{\alpha\nu\eta})\right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left. n_\nu
\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha (\partial_\eta B_{ \chi\mu\alpha
}-\partial_\chi B_{\mu\alpha\eta}+\partial_\mu B_{\alpha \eta\chi})+n_\eta
\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha (\partial_\chi B_{\mu\nu\alpha
}-\partial_\mu B_{\nu\alpha\chi}+\partial_\nu B_{\alpha\chi\mu})\right.\nonumber\\
&-&\left. n_\chi
\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha (\partial_\mu B_{ \nu\eta\alpha
}-\partial_\nu B_{\eta\alpha\mu}+\partial_\eta B_{\alpha\mu\nu})
\right].
\end{eqnarray}
It is straightforward to check that this field-strength is not invariant under the
standard gauge transformation, $\delta B_{\mu\nu\eta}=\partial_\mu\lambda_{\nu\eta}+\partial_\nu\lambda_{\eta\mu}+\partial_\eta
\lambda_{\mu\nu}$.
Rather, this  is invariant under the following modified (VSR-type) gauge
transformation:
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta B_{\mu\nu\eta}=\partial_\mu\lambda_{\nu\eta}+\partial_\nu\lambda_{\eta\mu}+\partial_\eta
\lambda_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\lambda_{\nu\eta}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\lambda_{\eta\mu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\eta\lambda_{\mu\nu},
\label{gau}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $\lambda_{\mu\nu}$ is  a tensor parameter of transformation.

To describe a massive 3-form field we define the VSR-type gauge invariant action in $d$ dimensions as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
S_0= \kappa\int d^dx \ \tilde H_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}\tilde H^{\mu\nu\eta\chi},\label{ac}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\kappa$ is some fixed constant and the wiggle field strength for the 3-form gauge field is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde H_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}&=&\tilde \partial_\mu B_{\nu\eta\chi} -\tilde \partial_\nu B_{\eta\chi\mu}+
\tilde \partial_{\eta}B_{\chi\mu\nu}-\tilde \partial_\chi B_{\mu\nu\eta},\nonumber\\
&=&H_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}+\frac{1}{2}m^2\left[n_\mu\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha H_{\nu\eta\chi\alpha}
- n_\nu\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha H_{ \eta\chi\mu\alpha}\right.\nonumber\\
&+&\left. n_\eta\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha H_{ \chi\mu\nu\alpha}-n_\chi\frac{1}{(n\cdot\partial)^2}n^\alpha H_{\mu\nu\eta\alpha} \right].
\end{eqnarray}
From the above expression it is evident that the wiggle field strength does not coincide
with the field strength $H_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}$.
Now, the EOM for the 3-form gauge field is calculated by
\begin{equation}
\tilde{\partial}_\mu\tilde{H}^{\mu\nu\eta\chi} =0,
\end{equation}
which, in turn, for VSR-type Lorenz gauge (i.e. $\tilde{\partial}_\mu B^{\mu\nu\eta}$)   reduces to
\begin{equation}
(\square -m^2)B^{\nu\eta\chi}=0.
\end{equation}
This is a Klein-Gordon equation for a massive field.
This implies that the 3-form gauge field $B^{\nu\eta\chi}$ has mass $m$.

Since the action (\ref{ac}) respects the VSR-type gauge symmetry, for a perturbative formulation,
we need to break the local gauge invariance by adding a gauge-fixing term. When constructing
the effective action at higher orders, maintaining unitarity, one has to replace the
local guage symmetry by (global) BRST symmetry. To make the
gauge-fixing term BRST invariant, we need to add ghost terms to the effective action.
We, therefore, fix a VSR-type Lorenz gauge (i.e. $\tilde{\partial}_\mu B^{\mu\nu\eta}=0$).
Since it is a reducible gauge theory,
we need some more fixing for other (ghost) fields.
So, this gauge-fixing condition is incorporated by adding the following
gauge-fixed action together with the induced ghost term:
\begin{eqnarray}
S^L_{gf+gh}
&=& \int d^dx \left[ \tilde\partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu\eta}B_{\nu\eta} +
\frac{1}{2}B_{\mu\nu}\bar B^{\mu\nu}
+
(\tilde\partial_\mu \bar c_{\nu\eta} + \tilde\partial_\nu \bar c_{\eta\mu}
+ \tilde\partial_\eta \bar c_{\mu\nu})\tilde\partial ^\mu
c^{\nu\eta}\right.\nonumber\\
&-&  \left.(\tilde\partial_\mu\bar \beta_\nu -\tilde\partial_\nu \bar\beta_\mu )\tilde\partial^\mu\beta^\nu -BB_2 -
   \frac{1}{2} B_1^2 +(\tilde\partial_\mu \bar c^{\mu\nu}+\tilde\partial^\nu \bar c_1)f_\nu  \right.
\nonumber\\
&-&\left.(\tilde\partial_\mu c^{\mu\nu}- \tilde{\partial}^\nu c_1)\bar F_\nu +\tilde\partial_\mu\bar c_2 \tilde\partial^\mu c_2
 + \tilde\partial_\mu\beta^\mu B_2 +\tilde\partial_\mu \phi^\mu B_1 -
\tilde\partial_\mu\bar\beta^\mu B\right],
\end{eqnarray}
where antisymmetric ghost    and   antighost fields ($c_{\mu\nu}$ and $\bar c_{\mu\nu}$) are
Grassmannian and  the vector field
 $\phi_\mu$, antisymmetric auxiliary fields  $B_{\mu\nu}, \bar B_{\mu\nu}$  and  auxiliary fields  $B,
B_1, B_2$  are bosonic in nature. The ghost of ghosts ($\beta_\mu$ and $\bar\beta_\mu$) are bosonic in nature. However, ghost of ghost of ghosts ($c_2$ and $\bar{c}_2$) are
fermionic in nature. The rest of the Grassmannian fields ($c_1, \bar c_1, f_\mu$ and $\bar F_\mu$) are  auxiliary fields.  It can easily be see here that
the ghosts ($c_{\mu\nu}$ and $\bar c_{\mu\nu}$), ghost of ghosts ($\beta_\mu$ and $\bar\beta_\mu$) and ghost of ghost of ghosts ($c_2$ and $\bar{c}_2$) have mass $m$.

Expanding the wiggle operation, it reduces to
\begin{eqnarray}
S^L_{gf+gh} &=&  \int d^dx \left[  \partial_\mu B^{\mu\nu\eta}B_{\nu\eta} -\frac{1}{2}m^2B_{\nu\eta}\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu B^{\mu\nu\eta}+
\frac{1}{2}B_{\mu\nu}\bar B^{\mu\nu}
+
( \partial_\mu \bar c_{\nu\eta} +  \partial_\nu \bar c_{\eta\mu}
+  \partial_\eta \bar c_{\mu\nu}) \partial ^\mu
c^{\nu\eta}\right.\nonumber\\
&+&  \left.m^2\bar c_{\nu\eta}c^{\nu\eta} -m^2\partial_\nu\bar c_{\eta\mu}\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}
n^\mu c^{\nu\eta} -\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\bar c_{\eta\mu}\partial^\mu c^{\nu\eta}+
\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^4}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\bar{c}_{\eta\mu}\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n^\mu c^{\nu\eta}
\right.\nonumber\\
&-&  \left.( \partial_\mu\bar \beta_\nu -  \partial_\nu \bar\beta_\mu ) \partial^\mu\beta^\nu -m^2\bar \beta_\nu\beta^\nu -\frac{1}{2}m^2\partial_\nu\bar\beta_\mu\frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n^\mu\beta^\nu
-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\bar\beta_\mu\partial^\mu\beta^\nu
\right.
\nonumber\\
&+&\left.\frac{1}{4}\frac{m^4}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu\bar\beta_\mu \frac{1}{n\cdot\partial}n^\mu\beta^\nu
-BB_2 -
   \frac{1}{2} B_1^2 +(\partial_\mu \bar c^{\mu\nu})f_\nu -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\bar c^{\mu\nu}f_\nu \right.
\nonumber\\
&+&\left. \partial^\nu \bar c_1 f_\nu - \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n^\nu \bar c_1 f_\nu -( \partial_\mu c^{\mu\nu})\bar F_\nu  +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu c^{\mu\nu}\bar F_\nu
+\partial^\nu c_1 \bar F_\nu
  \right.
\nonumber\\
&-&\left.   \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n^\nu c_1 \bar F_\nu   -\bar c_2( \partial_\mu\partial^\mu -m^2)c_2
  +  \partial_\mu\beta^\mu B_2-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\beta^\mu B_2 \right.
\nonumber\\
&+&\left.   \partial_\mu \phi^\mu B_1-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu   \phi^\mu B_1-
 \partial_\mu\bar\beta^\mu B+ \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \bar\beta^\mu B\right].\label{lag}
\end{eqnarray}

The effective action together with (\ref{ac}) and (\ref{lag}) remains invariant under
the following set of BRST transformations:
\begin{eqnarray}
\delta_b B_{\mu\nu\eta} &=& -\left(\partial_\mu c_{\nu\eta}+\partial_\nu c_{\eta\mu} +\partial_\eta c_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu c_{\nu\eta}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu c_{ \eta\mu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\eta c_{\mu\nu}\right) \Lambda,\nonumber\\
\delta_b c_{\mu\nu}  &=& \left(\partial_\mu\beta_\nu -\partial_\nu \beta_\mu-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \beta_\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu \beta_\mu\right) \Lambda,\
\delta_b\bar c_{\mu\nu}=B_{\mu\nu} \Lambda, \nonumber\\
\delta_b\bar B_{\mu\nu}  &=&-\left(\partial_\mu f_\nu -\partial_\nu f_\mu-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu f_\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu f_\mu\right) \Lambda,   \ \
\delta_b\bar\beta_\mu = -\bar F_\mu \Lambda,\nonumber\\
\delta_b\beta_\mu &=&-\left(\partial_\mu  c_2 -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu c_2\right)\Lambda,  \ \ \
\delta_b\bar c_2 =B_2 \Lambda,\ \ \  \ \  \delta_b c_1=-B \Lambda,\nonumber\\
 \delta_b \phi_\mu
 &=&-f_\mu \Lambda,\ \
\delta_b \bar c_1=  B_1  \Lambda,\ \ \
\delta_b {\cal M} =0,\ \ \ \
{\cal M}   \equiv   \{c_2, f_\mu, \bar F_\mu, B, B_1, B_2, B_{\mu\nu}\},\label{brst}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Lambda$ is the fermionic transformation parameter.
The gauge fixing fermion is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_L &=&  -\partial_\mu\bar c_{\nu\eta}B^{\mu\nu\eta}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}
n_\mu \bar c_{\nu\eta} B^{\mu\nu\eta} -\frac{1}{2}\bar c_2 B
+\frac{1}{2}c_1B_2
 -  \frac{1}{2}\bar c_1 B_1 - c^{\mu\nu}
\partial_\mu\bar \beta_\nu +c_1\partial_\mu \bar{\beta}^\mu  \nonumber\\
&+&\frac{1}{2}c^{\mu\nu}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\bar\beta_\nu - \partial_\mu \bar c_2 \beta^\mu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \bar c_2 \beta^\mu + \frac{1}{2}\bar c_{\mu\nu} \bar B^{\mu\nu}  +\bar c_1\partial_\mu \phi^\mu -\frac{1}{2}\bar{c}_1 \frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \phi^\mu. \label{psi}
\end{eqnarray}
This expression will play an important role in the next subsection
to get identification for the antifields in VSR-type Lorenz gauge.
\subsection{Batalin-Vilkovisky formulation}
To describe 3-form gauge theory in BV formulation in VSR, we
introduce the antifields corresponding to  each field of the model with opposite
statistics having non-vanishing
BRST symmetry in the generating functional as follows:
 \begin{eqnarray}
Z_{3-form}^L &=&\int {\cal D}\phi \exp\left[i\int d^dx\left\{\frac{1}{24}F_{\mu\nu\eta\chi}F^{\mu\nu\eta\chi}
-
B_{\mu\nu\eta}^\star \left(
\partial^\mu c^{\nu \eta} + \partial^\nu c^{  \eta\mu} +
\partial^\eta c^{\mu\nu }\right. \right.\right. \nonumber\\
 & -& \left.\left.\left.  \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu c_{\nu\eta}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu c_{ \eta\mu}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\eta c_{\mu\nu} \right)+
    {c}_{\mu\nu}^\star \left( \partial^\mu\beta^\nu  -\partial^\nu\beta^\mu \right. \right.\right. \nonumber\\
 & -& \left.\left.\left.  \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \beta_\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu \beta_\mu
    \right)+\bar{c}_{\mu\nu}^\star
 B^{\mu\nu}  -\bar B_{\mu\nu}^\star \left(\partial^\mu f^\nu   -\partial^\nu f^\mu  \right. \right.\right. \nonumber\\
 & -& \left.\left.\left. \frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu f_\nu +\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\nu f_\mu\right)
-\beta_\mu^\star \left(\partial^\mu c_2   -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu c_2  \right) -\bar \beta_\mu^\star \bar F ^\mu \right.\right. \nonumber\\
 &  +& \left.\left.
\bar c_2^\star   B_2
 +\bar c_1^\star  B_1 -c_1^\star  B
-\phi_\mu ^\star   f^\mu \right\}\right ].
\end{eqnarray}
These antifields (starred fields) are evaluated with the help of the gauge-fixing fermion (\ref{psi}) as follows
\begin{eqnarray}
&&B_{\mu\nu\eta}^\star=-\partial_\mu \bar c_{\nu\eta}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}
n_\mu \bar c_{\nu\eta} \ \
  c_{\mu\nu}^\star  = -\partial_\mu\bar \beta_\nu+\frac{1}{2} \frac{m^2}
  {n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\bar\beta_\nu,\ \
\bar  B_{\mu\nu}^\star = \frac{1}{2}\bar  c_{\mu\nu},\nonumber\\
&&\bar  c_{\mu\nu}^\star =\frac{1}{2}\bar  B_{\mu\nu} +
\partial^\eta B_{\mu\nu\eta}-\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}
n^\eta   B_{\eta\mu\nu},\ \
 \beta_{\mu}^\star =- \partial_\mu\bar  c_2+\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \bar c_2,
 \nonumber\\
&&\bar \beta_{\mu}^\star =-\partial_\mu c_1 +\partial^\nu c_{\nu\mu}-\frac{1}{2}c_{\nu\mu}\frac{m^2}
{n\cdot\partial}n^\nu,\ \ \bar  c_2^{\star}=-\frac{1}{2}B+\partial_\mu\beta^\mu -\frac{1}{2} \frac{m^2}
{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu\beta^\mu,\nonumber\\
&&
  c_1^{\star} =\frac{1}{2}B_2 +\partial_\mu \bar \beta^\mu,\ \
\bar  c_1^{\star} =-\frac{1}{2}B_1 +\partial_\mu\phi^\mu -\frac{1}{2}\bar{c}_1 \frac{m^2}{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu \phi^\mu,\nonumber\\
&&\phi_{\mu}^\star =-\partial_\mu \bar c_1 -\frac{1}{2}\frac{m^2}
{n\cdot\partial}n_\mu,\ \
 B^{\star} =-\frac{1}{2}\bar  c_2,\ \
  B_1^{\star} =-\frac{1}{2}\bar  c_1,\nonumber\\
&&B_2^{\star} = \frac{1}{2}c_1,\ \
 \{  B_{\mu\nu}^\star, \bar  F_{\mu}^\star, f_{\mu }^\star,   c_2^{\star}\}=0.
\end{eqnarray}
The generating functional can further  be written in compact form as
\begin{equation}
Z^L_{3-form} = \int {\cal D}\phi\ e^{iW_{3-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)},
\end{equation}
where $W_{3-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)$ is an extended quantum action for Abelian 3-form gauge theory in
the VSR-type Lorentz gauge  written in terms of generic field $\phi$ and antifield $\phi^\star$.
This extended quantum action, $W_{3-form}(\phi,\phi^\star)$, is the solution of a certain rich mathematical
relation, which is called the  quantum master equation, given by
\begin{equation}
\Delta e^{iW_{3-form}[\phi, \phi^\star ]} =0,\ \
 \Delta\equiv (-1)^{\epsilon}\frac{\partial_l}{
\partial\phi}\frac{\partial_l}{\partial\phi^\star } .
\label{mq}
\end{equation}
Here $W_{3-form}[\phi, \phi^\star ]$ is the solution of quantum master equation.
For different gauge choices, it corresponds to different solutions of the
quantum master equation.
From this  quantum master equation one can get a relation between different
correlation functions.
 \section{Conclusion}
In this paper we have analyzed the reducible gauge theories in VSR. To be more specific, we
have demonstrated the Kalb-Ramond field theory in VSR involving a fixed null vector. We have derived the
classical action for such theory in VSR. We have found that the action is not invariant
under the standard gauge transformation for the Kalb-Ramond field. However, such action remains invariant under the modified (VSR-type) gauge
transformation written in terms of
the wiggle operator.  We have derived the equations of motion for a Kalb-Ramond field, which eventually
turns out to be the Klein-Gordon equation for a massive field.
This ensures that the Kalb-Ramond field in VSR gets a mass.
gets a mass. Further, to quantize such a theory in VSR we have fixed a VSR-type Lorenz
gauge which breaks the local (VSR) gauge symmetry. The propagators have also been calculated.
This gauge-fixing term   induced a ghost term in the path integral.
Here we have observed that the ghost fields and ghost of ghost fields also get a common mass in VSR.
Therefore it cannot be an alternative to the Higgs mechanism.
Further we demonstrate the BRST symmetry for Kalb-Ramond gauge theory in VSR.
To break the gauge symmetry an axial-type gauge has also been chosen
which has simpler form than the Lorenz type gauge. We have also quantized the theory
utilizing BV formulation where we derive the extended quantum action of the model to the first
order in perturbation
satisfying the quantum master equation.

Subsequently, we have considered an Abelian 3-form gauge theory (another reducible gauge theory) also in VSR which plays an important role in $11$ dimensional supergravity.
It has been shown that this model also respects a VSR-type gauge invariance rather than standard gauge symmetry.
We have found that the gauge fields together with all ghost fields get s common mass for s such theory in VSR. We have also analyzed the BRST quantization of 3-form gauge theory in VSR.
Further, we have studied the model in  BV formulation.
Now it would be extremely interesting to evaluate the different identities following the BRST symmetry of the reducible gauge theories in VSR. This might be helpful in gaining a clear understanding of the theory in VSR. It will
also be interesting to explore such
results in further interesting models such as perturbative quantum gravity,
super-Yang-Mills theory and supersymmetric Chern-Simmons theory etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Analysis: Lawmakers start looking at tax proposals this week
As they look for ways to solve next year's budget problems, Louisiana lawmakers are getting a crash course in the state's tax system: the loopholes they've created, the tax cuts they've given and the price tag for the myriad tax breaks they've approved.
Analysis: Lawmakers start looking at tax proposals this week As they look for ways to solve next year's budget problems, Louisiana lawmakers are getting a crash course in the state's tax system: the loopholes they've created, the tax cuts they've given and the price tag for the myriad tax breaks they've approved. Check out this story on dailyworld.com: https://www.dailyworld.com/story/opinion/2015/04/19/analysis-lawmakers-start-looking-tax-proposals-week/25997087/
Published 5:00 p.m. CT April 19, 2015
Now, Democrats and Republicans worried about deep reductions to health care and colleges are wondering if they've been too generous, and that has become the central theme of this year's legislative session as lawmakers start sifting through tax rewrite options in Senate and House committees Monday and Tuesday.
Legislative economist Greg Albrecht gave the Senate Finance Committee a detailed presentation last week, walking senators through the various tax breaks and cuts that have been passed over the last decade.
Carrying one of the biggest price tags, Albrecht said Louisiana lost $800 million in yearly revenue from income tax cuts passed to undo the Stelly Plan, a 2002 tax rewrite that eliminated sales taxes on groceries and residential utilities in exchange for increased income taxes on middle- and upper-income earners. The tax increases were rolled back in 2007 and 2008 after public backlash, and the sales taxes were never put back in place by lawmakers.
"We have permanently reduced our tax base in two areas, sales and income taxes," Albrecht told senators.
And that doesn't count other tax breaks that lawmakers passed or expanded or that unexpectedly grew much larger than anticipated after they were on the books. The cost for the state's various tax credits, rebates and exemptions has ballooned by more than $600 million in the last five years alone, according to the Department of Revenue.
Albrecht's presentation essentially showed senators how the Legislature helped create some of the state's budget shortfalls. Lawmakers and governors stripped sizable amounts of money from the state treasury, and the problem deepened when the national recession hit.
Gov. Bobby Jindal and lawmakers refused to shrink state expenses to match state revenue, instead using patchwork financing to piece together budgets each year. Now, next year's shortfall has ballooned to $1.6 billion for the fiscal year that begins July 1.
And everyone's scrambling to find money.
Republicans who traditionally have defended business tax breaks have started describing the credits, rebates and exemptions as "government expenses," a distinction that allows them to frame possible changes not as tax hikes, but as cuts to state spending.
Even Jindal, who has rigidly guarded his anti-tax reputation as he considers a likely presidential campaign, has targeted a set of tax breaks for scale-back in his budget recommendations.
He's describing those tax credits, in which businesses get checks from the state treasury above their state tax liability, as "corporate welfare" and "excessive spending" to justify his proposal to lessen $500 million in tax breaks while also saying he's not proposing a tax hike.
"To me that's expenditures. That's government spending. And that should be on the table. It would be wrong to protect that spending and then make deeper cuts to higher education," Jindal said Thursday.
He added: "I do make a distinction."
Meanwhile, Jindal's revenue secretary, Tim Barfield, has been circulating data that shows many of Louisiana's biggest companies aren't paying income taxes to the state at all.
Barfield said he found companies aggressively using tax avoidance options and tax breaks to avoid owing anything to Louisiana.
Of the 87 largest companies that filed corporate tax returns in 2012, one-quarter of them, 22 businesses, paid corporate income taxes in Louisiana, according to the revenue department data. About half of the businesses, 42, paid corporate franchise taxes.
The department had similar findings from the 2011 returns.
Barfield's talking to lawmakers about possibly closing some of the loopholes, and several bills are proposed in the 60-day legislative session to do that.
The discussions are far different from seven or eight years ago when lawmakers were proposing new ways to cut taxes and add tax break programs, or even two years ago when legislators were resistant to ratcheting back existing tax breaks.
Budget desperation has changed the conversation this legislative session.
— Melinda Deslatte covers the Louisiana Capitol for The Associated Press.
Read or Share this story: https://www.dailyworld.com/story/opinion/2015/04/19/analysis-lawmakers-start-looking-tax-proposals-week/25997087/
No matter what the new year brings, follow where Jesus leads
Dec. 28, 2019, 3 p.m.
Welcome Jesus into your heart this Christmas
Let God fill you with joy, peace and love
Dec. 7, 2019, 3 p.m.
Do not be deceived; there is only one true God
Nov. 30, 2019, 3 p.m.
Be thankful for all of God's great gifts
Heed the words of God and you will be blessed


Showing 2 posts from April 2016.
Biological gender or gender identification? The question is gaining increased importance when it comes to employers, currently with the topic of public restrooms. Following backlash from guidance from the Michigan Department of Education on restroom options for LGBT students and a recent North Carolina ordinance, Patricia Nemeth, founder of Nemeth Law, looks at the potential impact on employers and workplace restrooms. Recent trends indicate the public restroom battle will quickly move to private restrooms and employers should have a plan of action in place with an emphasis on gender identity for bathroom preference.


text:
Equal Justice Society
Transforming the nation's consciousness on race through the law, social science, and the arts.
Implicit Bias Training for Public Defenders
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Upholds Voter Disenfranchisement Law, Citing Lack of 'Intentional' Discrimination
October 14, 2010 March 23, 2017 / Keith Kamisugi
A recent decision by an eleven-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit underscores the importance of the Equal Justice Society's efforts to overturn the Intent Doctrine.
Earlier this year, the Equal Justice Society (EJS), the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights, Legal Services for Prisoners with Children, and the American Parole and Probation Association submitted an amicus brief in the Ninth Circuit case, Farrakhan v. Gregoire, which would determine whether Washington's felon disenfranchisement law violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA).
Section 2 of the VRA was enacted to protect against racial discrimination in voting, and prohibits states from using any voter qualification system that results in a denial of the right to vote on account of race or color. Here, Washington's disenfranchisement law resulted in the loss of voting rights to an astonishing 24 percent of African-American men and 15 percent of Washington's overall black population.
An earlier ruling by a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit relied on undisputed, "compelling" evidence of racial bias throughout Washington state's criminal justice system to determine that the disproportionate disenfranchisement of Blacks, Latinos and Native Americans as a result of this bias violates Section 2 of the VRA. The case was subsequently taken up by an en banc, eleven-judge panel.
In a disheartening ruling, the en banc panel overruled the three-judge panel and upheld Washington's felon disenfranchisement law. While acknowledging the presence of discrimination in Washington state's criminal justice system, the court declined to adopt the previous holding that Washington's disenfranchisement law violates the VRA because it found no evidence of intentional discrimination.
The court concluded:
[P]laintiffs bringing a section 2 VRA challenge to a felon disenfranchisement law based on the operation of a state's criminal justice system must at least show that the criminal justice system is infected by intentional discrimination or that the felon disenfranchisement law was enacted with such intent.
Because plaintiffs presented no evidence of intentional discrimination in the operation of Washington's criminal justice system and argue no other theory under which a section 2 challenge might be sustained, we conclude that they didn't meet their burden of showing a violation of the VRA. (Emphasis added.)
The court's conclusion is particularly troubling given that – as noted by the earlier three-judge panel – voter discrimination need not be intentional to violate Section 2 of the VRA. In fact, Section 2 was explicitly drafted to cover both intentional and disparate impact-based instances of discrimination. The court's holding provides yet another example of how the "intent" requirement first articulated in the 1976 Supreme Court case Washington v. Davis gradually has crept into areas of law beyond 14th Amendment equal protection jurisprudence, denying victims of discrimination access to meaningful relief in a wide variety of contexts.
According to EJS President Eva Paterson, "In the years since Washington v. Davis was decided, the requirement of proving discriminatory intent has barred countless victims of discrimination from accessing a legal remedy because it fails to address contemporary forms of discrimination. We no longer have George Wallace's chanting: 'segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever' on the school house steps, yet we continue to see race-based disparities in almost every measure of societal well-being. Requiring proof that these disparities resulted from 'intentional' discrimination simply makes no sense in an age when the majority of racial bias is implicit or structural."
Extensive empirical and theoretical research confirms that implicit bias substantially motivates disproportionate outcomes even absent an express intent to discriminate. However, courts have been slow to acknowledge this reality. For instance, in McCleskey v. Kemp, a 1987 Supreme Court case, a habeas petitioner presented statistical evidence showing grave disparities in the imposition of the death penalty in Georgia. Specifically, a review of over 2,000 cases illustrated that the death penalty was assessed in 22% of cases involving black defendants and white victims, and just 1% of those involving black defendants and black victims. Likewise, application of the death penalty was 4.3 times higher when the defendant was charged with killing a white victim. Despite this clear evidence of systemic racial bias, the Supreme Court held that the petitioner failed to show discriminatory intent or purpose sufficient to establish a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Moreover, the Court insinuated that accepting McCleskey's claim would require the court to address discrimination present throughout the criminal justice system, a task that was simply "too large" for the Court to undertake. Making a similar argument in Farrakhan, the Pacific Legal Foundation asserted that allowing disenfranchisement statutes to be invalidated based on unintentional racial discrimination would require states to monitor their criminal justice systems to ensure that arrests and convictions were "racially balanced." [1]
These arguments fly in the face of the notion of equal protection enshrined by the 14th Amendment. That the task of "addressing systemic bias within the criminal justice system" is too large is not a reason to avoid undertaking it. In fact, justice demands that we do undertake this task, alongside the task of addressing systemic bias throughout our society, and that our courts do the same. This is why the Equal Justice Society's commitment to overturning Washington v. Davis and the Intent Doctrine is so essential. Voters in Washington State and victims of discrimination everywhere should again be able to rely upon the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law.
The Equal Justice Society is a national legal organization that promotes a vision of a society where race is no longer a barrier to opportunity. To achieve its mission, EJS is active in a number of criminal justice and voting reform initiatives, as well as cases that highlight modern-day manifestations of discrimination.
[1] Bob Egelko, Court upholds Washington inmate voting ban, The San Francisco Chronicle, October 8, 2010, available at: http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-10-08/bay-area/24117303_1_felons-appeals-court-justice-system
African Americans, Constitutional Law, Intent Doctrine, race, supreme court, Voting
14th Amendment, African American, Farrakhan v. Gregoire, Intent Doctrine, McCleskey v. Kemp, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, voting rights, Voting Rights Act, Washington State, Washington v. Davis
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4 thoughts on "Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Upholds Voter Disenfranchisement Law, Citing Lack of 'Intentional' Discrimination"
This shows that the so called "liberal leaning" 9th circuit stands squarely with the right wing when it comes to civil rights protections for racially stigmatized groups. This is especially true of African Americans, whose rights have been the most violated. By denying so many of them the right to vote, this has tremendous consequences for determining the outcome of elections. Since they overwhelmingly vote for Democrats, clearly, this decision is a major win for Republicans and the Tea Party.
Sadly, many White people (as well as other groups), even those who are Democrats or progressives, are loathe to admit to the existence, relevance, or pervasiveness of implicit racial bias. Because that would mean that they would have to admit to their own internal biases and how they might negatively effect their decisions, behaviors and attitudes towards Black people. Seems like the Justices on the Court would rather not have their own implicit racial biases held up to scrutiny, but keep them buried along with those of the rest of the majority culture.
Greg W
With a practice that started in mid evil times disenfranchisement has kept the powers to be from jeperdising their control. It was easy at first when people looked at minority cultures as inferior people and easly disregaurded their opinions. Then society as a whole evolved to a higher truth and could not exclude people just on their race.The powers to be had to find new ways to secure their hold so they incorporated law infractions into disenfranchisements.How can a infraction of a law coincide with an incompitencey to know and have conviction on the needs of a persons government? Even after a debt to society is established and fufilled many places in the U.S. still with hold the rights of the convicted. This has compiled a significant number of disenfranchised americans and is another corupt attempt to control our contry.
Stimulus Checks for Incarcerated Persons
https://youtu.be/gvWs9kgw5s8
Transforming Public Safety
About EJS
The Equal Justice Society is transforming the nation's consciousness on race through law, social science, and the arts. Led by President Eva Paterson, our legal strategy aims to broaden conceptions of present-day discrimination to include unconscious and structural bias by using social science, structural analysis, and real-life experience.
Join our email list and receive updates about our work, and related news and events. Click here to subscribe.
This Week in White Supremacy: Special Edition
EJS Among 70 Groups Urging House to Vote Immediately to Impeach President Trump
Coalition to Next AG: Establish Task Force to Investigate Potential Crimes by Trump and Associates
Happy Holidays from the Equal Justice Society!
EJS Joins Call for a Justice Department Committed to Civil Rights Enforcement


text:
« A lot of women have become detached from reality
That's a terrible way of "celebrating the First Amendment," guys »
The nearly constant attacks on the press from the president
Apr 29th, 2018 | By Ophelia Benson
Good grief. The comedian at the White House reporters' dinner last night said some words about Sarah Huckabee Sanders – who lies to those reporters every day for her dishonest bullying fraud of a boss – and people are shocked.
It is an American press tradition that goes back decades: the US president endures a friendly ribbing in front of an audience of journalists, all in the name of charity.
It's a "tradition" I wasn't even aware of until a day back in the 90s when I went to a bookstore reading by Christopher Hitchens of No One Left to Lie To. It was the day after that year's dinner, which he had attended before taking the red eye to Seattle. He was indeed red of eye, and told us frankly he was feeling "pretty seedy" – and he was scathing about the "tradition" of that dinner. The reasons are (or should be) obvious: it's way too cozy and cuddly for the relationship between power and the press. He was not wrong.
But with Donald Trump skipping the White House Correspondents' Dinner for the second year running, the honour of attending this year went to his press secretary, Sarah Sanders.
Sanders said the president had encouraged his staff to attend, and that she thought it was "important for us to be here".
After enduring biting mockery from comedian Michelle Wolf, she looked as though she might be regretting the choice.
Oh, gee, really? That's so sad. Of course, she works for a guy who dishes out biting mockery from a position of more power than any of his victims have, so maybe that makes it kind of fair to make "biting" jokes about her job performance? Especially given that it really wasn't all that "biting"? At all?
In a 'roast' that drew both laughs and gasps, Wolf started by saying: "We are graced with Sarah's presence tonight. I have to say I'm a little star struck."
"I love you as Aunt Lydia in 'The Handmaid's Tale'," Wolf told Sanders.
Mean, perhaps, but also fair. I think Sanders's perpetual scowl is a wretchedly bad look for a press secretary – amateurish, hostile, belligerent – of a piece with Trump's constant authoritarian attacks on the legitimate news media. That stuff isn't trivial and it isn't amusing and it isn't about Sanders's appearance; it's a branch of a relentless attack on the free press. Yes, we do get to push back against it.
Maggie Haberman, White House correspondent for the New York Times (which stopped attending the event in 2008), questioned Wolf's attack on the press secretary's appearance.
I didn't know the Times had stopped attending. Seems wise; see Hitchens above. But Haberman's tweet…
That @PressSec sat and absorbed intense criticism of her physical appearance, her job performance, and so forth, instead of walking out, on national television, was impressive.
— Maggie Haberman (@maggieNYT) April 29, 2018
Oh come on. PressSec works for the guy who calls Elizabeth Warren "Pocahontas," Chuck Todd "sleepy eyes," Charles Schumer "Cryin' Chuck," and on and on. She works for a "president" who insults people on Twitter every day…not to mention the fact that there was no "intense criticism of her physical appearance": there was a joke about "the perfect smokey eye." That's it. Haberman confirmed that's what she meant:
The jokes I watched/heard about her eye makeup weren't making fun of her appearance? What were they?
One, not jokes plural, but one joke; two – a joke about perfect makeup is not making fun of her [immutable] appearance. It's partly a joke about her presentation, but it's not an insulting one. I do dislike attacks on people's looks, and that can include presentation, but I don't think a reference to perfect eye makeup counts as that.
But either way, being impressed that Sanders didn't walk out is simply pathetic coming from a journalist. Jim Acosta has it right.
My problem with last night's dinner is not that we had a comedian who told some nasty jokes. It's that we did not really address the nearly constant attacks on the press from the president. The dinner should change with the times so we send a strong message to the world. #WHCD
— Jim Acosta (@Acosta) April 29, 2018
Talk about the elephant in the room…
Know who's facing constant attacks, Ted?
Defending the tweet during her daily press briefing
Constant negative press qsrrtnf
Can we handle the truth?
The first thing dictators do is shut down the press
12 Responses to "The nearly constant attacks on the press from the president"
Pliny the in Between
Perspective:
http://farcornercafe.blogspot.com/2018/04/perspective.html
Screechy Monkey
If Maggie Haberman is willing to mute her own criticism of the Trump Administration, and even put up with them lying about her in public, in order to preserve her access, that's her call. Arguably she serves a valuable function by getting Trump and his flunkies to leak to her.
But she's got a lot of nerve attacking other people who aren't willing to play that game and are willing to call the Administration out. Because we definitely need that kind of journalist.
I think it's perfectly possible to point out that the backhanded compliment about Sanders' use of makeup was indeed backhanded *and* to note that the crux of the joke was about the lies, and not just gratuitously attacking her choice of camouflage. Indeed, that is the demarcation between biting humour and gratuitous humour. It won't do us any favours if we pretend that a comedian riffing sarcastically on "the perfect smokey eye" was actually making a legitimate compliment.
It wasn't a compliment. Its insult was very real, and intentional, but the insult served as a vehicle to the actual point. In all, it was quite a well-constructed joke.
Lady Mondegreen
Seth, the point is that the target of the insult wasn't SH-S's looks. Or even her eye makeup.
The last time there were this many wealthy white people whining because somebody made fun of a powerful political figure was 2006, when the culprit was Stephen Colbert.
Can we just have the annual dinner-plus-roast and keep the reporters out of it?
Seth, I didn't say Wolf had paid her a compliment, I said "there was a joke about "the perfect smokey eye"" and "a joke about perfect makeup." It was a joke not a compliment, and the joke as a whole is certainly harshly critical, but the bit about the perfect smokey eye isn't the insulting or critical bit.
Oh hey, Trump skipped an event that would put cameras on him. The only, and extremely obvious explanation being that he knew it would be an evening of ridicule, and Two Scoops just can't handle anything other than primacy.
I will say that I see another reason to get rid of this event. Legend has it that it was Obama's ribbing of Trump at this event that brought us the Trump campaign (not just against Obama, but for President). Therefore, it has done the country an enormous disservice.
I don't actually care for roasts much.
I detest roasts, and always have. They seem like the reification of the "humor" of Don Rickles, and what's good about that?
While I'm not a particular fan of roasts, I think the White House Correspondents' Dinner is an important symbol. It's one of the miner's canaries of the health of our democracy. It's a time when Presidents have to shut up and sit there while the court jesters take them to task. The fact that Trump refuses to attend is a symbol of how dangerous or situation has become.
The good thing about roasts? Michelle Wolf's set. Stephen Colbert's in 2006.
At its worst, it's just a bunch of comedians making in-jokes about a famous person, most of them not very funny.
At its best, it's a continuation of the tradition of the court jester.


text:
Mairie d'Aubervilliers è una stazione della linea 12 della metropolitana di Parigi.

La stazione
La stazione è stata aperta il 31 maggio 2022. La stazione fa da capolinea settentrionale per la linea 12.

Note

Voci correlate
 Stazioni della metropolitana di Parigi

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Stazioni della metropolitana di Parigi
Aubervilliers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Subway sandwich contest: Homeschoolers not wanted
By Jay Baggett
Published May 24, 2008 at 7:00pm
Subway, the sandwich restaurant, wants to hear your child's story – unless he or she is homeschooled.
The national chain's "Every Sandwich Tells a Story Contest" offers prizes and a chance to be published on the Subway website and in Scholastic's "Parent & Child" magazine but specifically excludes homeschoolers:
NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. Contest is open only to legal residents of the Untied (sic) States who are currently over the age of 18 and have children who attend elementary, private or parochial schools that serve grades PreK-6. No home schools will be accepted.
Subway's website promotion not only misspells "United" States, but offers the grand prize winner a "Scholastic Gift Bastket (sic) for your home."
The 2007 winner of the Scripps National Spelling Bee was Evan O'Dorney, a 13-year old homeschool student from Danville, Calif.
Contestants are urged to write, in 500 words or less, a story that has a beginning, middle, and end using one of four provided story starters:
The Mysterious Meatball
When the invitation to the Meatball came in the mail...
Turkey Doesn't Live Here Anymore
There was a loud knock on the door, but when Salami Sam opened it ...
The Race to Red Onion Ranch
Everyone gathered in the center of town for the start of the race except ...
Nothing Better
The smell of fresh baked bread coming from the store was so good that ...
The contest, launched in January, has a deadline of June 30, 2008. A grand prize winner and 6 runners-up will be selected on July 15 and announced approximately a week later.
The company's website promotion encourages submitters to describe in their essays "random acts of fitness," such as eating right, exercising, playing sports and living a healthy lifestyle.
Subway has marketed itself for several years as a healthy alternative to fast food, featuring spokesman Jared Fogle who went from 425 pounds to 190 pounds on a daily diet of the chain's lower-calorie sandwiches.
The exclusion of homeschoolers, presumably because the grand prize includes $5,000 worth of athletic equipment for the winning child's school, has caught the attention of bloggers who educate their children.
Valerie Bonham Moon, writing for HomeEdMag, referred to the exclusion as "Subway's P.R. gaffe."
"By now, the Subway sandwich shop marketing division must know how bad of a decision it was on the part of whichever wonk who decided to expressly exclude homeschoolers from their latest contest. E-mail lists may not be utterly aflame over the exclusion, but there is more than one p---ed-off homeschool mom spreading the word. I've been reading their e-mails."
Moon notes Subway, with a bit of forethought, could have easily included homeschoolers:
"One of the more obvious work-arounds that the developers of the Subway contest could have included for homeschooling parents who entered on their children's behalf, was for the equipment to be donated to a local park, or to a school of the winner's choice. Problem solved – good will all around. Too bad that it didn't play out that way.
"I look forward to seeing how the Subway wonks handle their self-inflicted wound."
The blogger at Capturing Today, a homeschooling mother, isn't waiting for the self-inflicted wound, suggesting homeschool families "act now!"
"Excuse me, but there are MILLIONS of homeschool students in this nation and this is just discrimination. A homeschool student could easily donate the athletic equipment to their homeschool athletic association, local park, athletic center, neighborhood center or the like. I realize they are doing this to have a mass-marketing effect, but they could have just as great a media response from a charitable homeschool student donating the prize.
"I believe this is a wonderful opportunity for us to make our voices heard that we as homeschool families are tired of being cast in a negative light.
Jim and Cathy Peschke, blogging at Croydoncraft, expressed their displeasure by entering an essay on behalf of their 3-year-old homeschooled daughter who, while visiting a Subway restaurant, breaks into tears upon learning she's not eligible to enter the contest.
"I cried and cried, and asked Daddy if we could leave. He said 'Certainly. Not only will we never visit a mean old Subway store again, we'll organize a B-O-Y-C-O-T-T of Subway stores by all your homeschooling friends!'
'I sure hope Subway changes their silly policy so Mommy and Daddy can take me back for more sandwiches.'"
If you would like to sound off on this issue, participate in today's WND Poll.
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Jay Baggett
Jay Baggett came to WND in 2004, having previously worked as an executive at the Sacramento Union and as an agricultural remote-sensing researcher with the University of California. Also, he spent twelve years working in California electoral politics. Baggett holds a bachelor of arts degree in geography and environmental studies and a master of arts in geography. He is active in his church and a hands-on grandfather. When time permits, he pursues his passions of cooking and Bible geography
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