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Explore The Guide
Introduction to Company Valuation
Valuation Analysis
6 Basic Financial Ratios
5 Must-Have Metrics for Value Investors
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)
Price-To-Book Ratio (P/B Ratio)
Price/Earnings-to-Growth (PEG Ratio)
Fundamental Analysis Basics
Intrinsic Value of a Stock
Intrinsic Value vs. Current Market Value
Equity Valuation: The Comparables Approach
4 Basic Elements of Stock Value
How to Become Your Own Stock Analyst
Due Diligence in 10 Easy Steps
Determining the Value of a Preferred Stock
Fundamental Analysis Tools and Methods
Bottom-Up Investing
What Book Value Means to Investors
Liquidation Value
Enterprise Value (EV)
How to Use Enterprise Value to Compare Companies
How to Analyze Corporate Profit Margins
Decoding DuPont Analysis
Valuing Non-Public Companies
How to Value Private Companies
Valuing Startup Ventures
Investing Fundamental Analysis
By Troy Segal
Reviewed By Michael J Boyle
What Is Fundamental Analysis?
Understanding FA
Investing & Fundamental Analysis
Quant. vs. Qual. Analysis
Qualitative Fundamentals
The Concept of Intrinsic Value
Examples of Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis (FA) is a method of measuring a security's intrinsic value by examining related economic and financial factors. Fundamental analysts study anything that can affect the security's value, from macroeconomic factors such as the state of the economy and industry conditions to microeconomic factors like the effectiveness of the company's management.
The end goal is to arrive at a number that an investor can compare with a security's current price in order to see whether the security is undervalued or overvalued.
This method of stock analysis is considered to be in contrast to technical analysis, which forecasts the direction of prices through an analysis of historical market data such as price and volume.
Fundamental analysis is a method of determining a stock's real or "fair market" value.
Fundamental analysts search for stocks that are currently trading at prices that are higher or lower than their real value.
If the fair market value is higher than the market price, the stock is deemed to be undervalued and a buy recommendation is given.
In contrast, technical analysts ignore the fundamentals in favor of studying the historical price trends of the stock.
Understanding Fundamental Vs. Technical Analysis
Understanding Fundamental Analysis
All stock analysis tries to determine whether a security is correctly valued within the broader market. Fundamental analysis is usually done from a macro to micro perspective in order to identify securities that are not correctly priced by the market.
Analysts typically study, in order, the overall state of the economy and then the strength of the specific industry before concentrating on individual company performance to arrive at a fair market value for the stock.
Fundamental analysis uses public data to evaluate the value of a stock or any other type of security. For example, an investor can perform fundamental analysis on a bond's value by looking at economic factors such as interest rates and the overall state of the economy, then
studying information about the bond issuer, such as potential changes in its credit rating.
For stocks, fundamental analysis uses revenues, earnings, future growth, return on equity,
profit margins, and other data to determine a company's underlying value and potential for future growth. All of this data is available in a company's financial statements (more on that below).
Fundamental analysis is used most often for stocks, but it is useful for evaluating any security, from a bond to a derivative. If you consider the fundamentals, from the broader economy to the company details, you are doing fundamental analysis.
Investing and Fundamental Analysis
An analyst works to create a model for determining the estimated value of a company's share price based on publicly available data. This value is only an estimate, the analyst's educated opinion, of what the company's share price should be worth compared to the currently trading market price. Some analysts may refer to their estimated price as the company's intrinsic value.
If an analyst calculates that the stock's value should be significantly higher than the stock's current market price, they may publish a buy or overweight rating for the stock. This acts as a recommendation to investors who follow that analyst. If the analyst calculates a lower intrinsic value than the current market price, the stock is considered overvalued and a sell or underweight recommendation is issued.
Investors who follow these recommendations will expect that they can buy stocks with favorable recommendations because such stocks should have a higher probability of rising over time. Likewise stocks with unfavorable ratings are expected to have a higher probability of falling in price. Such stocks are candidates for being removed from existing portfolios or added as "short" positions.
This method of stock analysis is considered to be the opposite of technical analysis, which forecasts the direction of prices through an analysis of historical market data such as price and volume.
Quantitative and Qualitative Fundamental Analysis
The problem with defining the word fundamentals is that it can cover anything related to the economic well-being of a company. They obviously include numbers like revenue and profit, but they can also include anything from a company's market share to the quality of its management.
The various fundamental factors can be grouped into two categories: quantitative and qualitative. The financial meaning of these terms isn't much different from their standard definitions. Here is how a dictionary defines the terms:
Quantitative – "related to information that can be shown in numbers and amounts."
Qualitative – "relating to the nature or standard of something, rather than to its quantity."
In this context, quantitative fundamentals are hard numbers. They are the measurable characteristics of a business. That's why the biggest source of quantitative data is financial statements. Revenue, profit, assets, and more can be measured with great precision.
The qualitative fundamentals are less tangible. They might include the quality of a company's key executives, its brand-name recognition, patents, and proprietary technology.
Neither qualitative nor quantitative analysis is inherently better. Many analysts consider them together.
Qualitative Fundamentals to Consider
There are four key fundamentals that analysts always consider when regarding a company. All are qualitative rather than quantitative. They include:
The business model: What exactly does the company do? This isn't as straightforward as it seems. If a company's business model is based on selling fast-food chicken, is it making its money that way? Or is it just coasting on royalty and franchise fees?
Competitive advantage: A company's long-term success is driven largely by its ability to maintain a competitive advantage—and keep it. Powerful competitive advantages, such as Coca-Cola's brand name and Microsoft's domination of the personal computer operating system, create a moat around a business allowing it to keep competitors at bay and enjoy growth and profits. When a company can achieve a competitive advantage, its shareholders can be well rewarded for decades.
Management: Some believe that management is the most important criterion for investing in a company. It makes sense: Even the best business model is doomed if the leaders of the company fail to properly execute the plan. While it's hard for retail investors to meet and truly evaluate managers, you can look at the corporate website and check the resumes of the top brass and the board members. How well did they perform in prior jobs? Have they been unloading a lot of their stock shares lately?
Corporate Governance: Corporate governance describes the policies in place within an organization denoting the relationships and responsibilities between management, directors and stakeholders. These policies are defined and determined in the company charter and its bylaws, along with corporate laws and regulations. You want to do business with a company that is run ethically, fairly, transparently, and efficiently. Particularly note whether management respects shareholder rights and shareholder interests. Make sure their communications to shareholders are transparent, clear and understandable. If you don't get it, it's probably because they don't want you to.
It's also important to consider a company's industry: customer base, market share among firms, industry-wide growth, competition, regulation, and business cycles. Learning about how the industry works will give an investor a deeper understanding of a company's financial health.
Financial Statements: Quantitative Fundamentals to Consider
Financial statements are the medium by which a company discloses information concerning its financial performance. Followers of fundamental analysis use quantitative information gleaned from financial statements to make investment decisions. The three most important financial statements are income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.
The Balance Sheet
The balance sheet represents a record of a company's assets, liabilities and equity at a particular point in time. The balance sheet is named by the fact that a business's financial structure balances in the following manner:
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity
Assets represent the resources that the business owns or controls at a given point in time. This includes items such as cash, inventory, machinery and buildings. The other side of the equation represents the total value of the financing the company has used to acquire those assets. Financing comes as a result of liabilities or equity. Liabilities represent debt (which of course must be paid back), while equity represents the total value of money that the owners have contributed to the business - including retained earnings, which is the profit made in previous years.
The Income Statement
While the balance sheet takes a snapshot approach in examining a business, the income statement measures a company's performance over a specific time frame. Technically, you could have a balance sheet for a month or even a day, but you'll only see public companies report quarterly and annually.
The income statement presents information about revenues, expenses and profit that was generated as a result of the business' operations for that period.
The statement of cash flows represents a record of a business' cash inflows and outflows over a period of time. Typically, a statement of cash flows focuses on the following cash-related activities:
Cash from investing (CFI): Cash used for investing in assets, as well as the proceeds from the sale of other businesses, equipment or long-term assets
Cash from financing (CFF): Cash paid or received from the issuing and borrowing of funds
Operating Cash Flow (OCF): Cash generated from day-to-day business operations
The cash flow statement is important because it's very difficult for a business to manipulate its cash situation. There is plenty that aggressive accountants can do to manipulate earnings, but it's tough to fake cash in the bank. For this reason, some investors use the cash flow statement as a more conservative measure of a company's performance.
Fundamental analysis relies on the use of financial ratios drawn from data on corporate financial statements to make inferences about a company's value and prospects.
One of the primary assumptions of fundamental analysis is that the current price from the stock market often does not fully reflect a value of the company supported by the publicly available data. A second assumption is that the value reflected from the company's fundamental data is more likely to be closer to a true value of the stock.
Analysts often refer to this hypothetical true value as the intrinsic value. However, it should be noted that this usage of the phrase intrinsic value means something different in stock valuation than what it means in other contexts such as options trading. Option pricing uses a standard calculation for intrinsic value, however analysts use various complex models to arrive at their intrinsic value for a stock. There is not a single, generally accepted formula for arriving at the intrinsic value of a stock.
For example, say that a company's stock was trading at $20, and after extensive research on the company, an analyst determines that it ought to be worth $24. Another analyst does equal research but determines that it ought to be worth $26. Many investors will consider the average of such estimates and assume that intrinsic value of the stock may be near $25. Often investors consider these estimates highly relevant information because they want to buy stocks that are trading at prices significantly below these intrinsic values.
This leads to a third major assumption of fundamental analysis: In the long run, the stock market will reflect the fundamentals. The problem is, nobody knows how long "the long run" really is. It could be days or years.
This is what fundamental analysis is all about. By focusing on a particular business, an investor can estimate the intrinsic value of a firm and find opportunities to buy at a discount. The investment will pay off when the market catches up to the fundamentals.
One of the most famous and successful fundamental analysts is the so-called "Oracle of Omaha," Warren Buffett, who champions the technique in picking stocks.
Criticisms of Fundamental Analysis
The biggest criticisms of fundamental analysis come primarily from two groups: proponents of technical analysis and believers of the efficient market hypothesis.
Technical analysis is the other primary form of security analysis. Put simply, technical analysts base their investments (or, more precisely, their trades) solely on the price and volume movements of stocks. Using charts and other tools, they trade on momentum and ignore the fundamentals.
One of the basic tenets of technical analysis is that the market discounts everything. All news about a company is already priced into the stock. Therefore, the stock's price movements give more insight than the underlying fundamentals of the business itself.
Followers of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), however, are usually in disagreement with both fundamental and technical analysts.
The efficient market hypothesis contends that it is essentially impossible to beat the market through either fundamental or technical analysis. Since the market efficiently prices all stocks on an ongoing basis, any opportunities for excess returns are almost immediately whittled away by the market's many participants, making it impossible for anyone to meaningfully outperform the market over the long term.
Take the Coca-Cola Company, for example. When examining its stock, an analyst must look at the stock's annual dividend payout, earnings per share, P/E ratio, and many other quantitative factors. However, no analysis of Coca-Cola is complete without taking into account its brand recognition. Anybody can start a company that sells sugar and water, but few companies are known to billions of people. It's tough to put a finger on exactly what the Coke brand is worth, but you can be sure that it's an essential ingredient contributing to the company's ongoing success.
Even the market as a whole can be evaluated using fundamental analysis. For example, analysts looked at fundamental indicators of the S&P 500 from July 4 to July 8, 2016. During this time, the S&P rose to 2129.90 after the release of a positive jobs' report in the United States. In fact, the market just missed a new record high, coming in just under the May 2015 high of 2130.82. The economic surprise of an additional 287,000 jobs for the month of June specifically increased the value of the stock market on July 8, 2016.
However, there are differing views on the market's true value. Some analysts believe the economy is heading for a bear market, while other analysts believe it will continue as a bull market.
Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy.
Cambridge Dictionary. "Quantitative." Accessed Aug. 14, 2020.
Collins Dictionary. "Qualitative." Accessed Aug. 14, 2020.
Nasdaq. "SPX Historical Data." Accessed Aug. 14, 2020.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. "The Employment Situation—June 2016," Page 1. Accessed Aug. 14, 2020.
Consensus Estimate Definition
A consensus estimate is a forecast of a public company's projected earnings based on the combined estimates of all equity analysts that cover the stock.
Undervalued Definition
Undervalued refers to an asset or security whose price is perceived to be less than its fair value, representing a buy opportunity.
Overbought refers to a security that traders believe is priced above its true value and that will likely face corrective downward pressure in the near future.
Financial statement analysis is the process of analyzing a company's financial statements for decision-making purposes.
Oversold Bounce
An oversold bounce is a rally in prices that occurs due to the selloff preceding it being perceived as too severe.
A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.
Stock Trading Strategy & Education
How to Identify Mispriced Stocks
Tools for Fundamental Analysis
What Is The Intrinsic Value Of A Stock?
The Weak, Strong, and Semi-Strong Efficient Market Hypotheses
The Main Focus Points When Analyzing a Balance Sheet
What Are Stock Fundamentals?
The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham Book Review


Representatives from across the wine industry converged on Melbourne recently for the inaugural Australia Trade Tasting.
Held across three days in Melbourne and one in Sydney, the event started with a trade tasting of beer, wine and spirits from across the globe followed by a series of seminars in Melbourne and an additional trade tasting in Sydney.
Sid Patel, CEO and Founder of Beverage Trade Network which produced the event, said the impetus for creating the Australia Trade Tasting (AuTT) was a gap in the number of trade-only events being offered that focused specifically on what suppliers and trade buyers are looking for.
Sid Patel, CEO and Founder of Beverage Trade Network welcoming AuTT delegates. Credit: Beverage Trade Network.
In addition to the trade tasting, masterclasses highlighting international regions such as Alsace and Castilla-La Mancha were also offered. The first day of seminars focussed on doing business in Australia with several highly respected speakers sharing their insights and experience. The focus shifted to the export market for the second day as experts from both Australia and the USA spoke about exporting successfully to the USA, a key market for Australian wine.
Seminar topics for the Australian market started with an overview of the country's wine, beer and spirit market delivered by Wine Intelligence. Key findings included an overall decline in the consumption per capita of alcohol, the lowest in Australia for the past 50 years. There was good news, however, from the craft beer sector, which showed growth among recent respondents to a Wine Intelligence survey.
As the first day of seminars progressed a common theme emerged, one that was recently echoed in the strategy document for Wine Australia 2015-2020: The key to selling Australian wine both on the domestic and international markets, in the words of writer, presenter and television host Tyson Stelzer, is "the story of the people and the story of the land".
The seminars offered industry members the chance to gain inside knowledge from some of the most experienced members of the Australian industry. A wide range of topics were covered including managing your beer brand with Glenn Cooper AM of Coopers Brewery, a closer look at what independent retailers look for with the Australian Liquor Stores Association's president Guiseppe Minissale, and effective merchandising programmes in retail with Rose Scott, general manager for buying at Woolworths, one of the two supermarkets giants in Australia.


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In some locations you may need to place your masts, antennas or satellite dishes in an elevated position to gain a strong signal. If the structure is less than 3 m above the highest point of the building, no permit is required. If it is a free-standing device and no more than 8m tall, again no permit is required.
However, if the structure is taller than specified above, then you will need a building permit.


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Motto: Where Families Grow, and Businesses Prosper.
The thirteenth and last in order of creation, it was erected from Liberty Township by the Butler County Commissioners on June 2, 1823, upon petitions from residents of the township. No boundaries were given in the resolution passed by the commissioners, but it originally contained 35 square miles (91 km²), just short of a full survey township. The new township was given the name "Union." Because Union Township was familiarly known as West Chester, plus the abundance of other townships in Ohio called Union, the name was changed to West Chester Township effective June 28, 2000, after being ratified by the township's voters at the March 9 primary election. Many census and government records, including the 2000 census, refer to Union Township. Today, it is the only West Chester Township statewide.
West Chester Township lies within an oval area geologically known as the "Cincinnati Arch." This area has been one of the best on the continent for collecting fossils because the Miami Valley was once at the bottom of an ancient ocean.
In Ohio, Butler County is only second to Ross County in the number of antiquities and Native American mounds discovered. At one time, West Chester claimed eleven mounds.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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State budget chief says there's no formal proposal for a grocery tax
By Christopher Keating
| HARTFORD
State budget director Melissa McCaw speaks with Rep. Edwin Vargas of Hartford and Deputy Speaker Pro Tem Robert Godfrey of Danbury after her confirmation hearing to be Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management. (Christopher Keating)
Gov. Ned Lamont's budget chief said Tuesday there is no formal proposal to impose the state sales tax on groceries — a highly controversial idea that has been strongly opposed by Republican and Democratic legislators.
But Melissa McCaw, who has been working as the acting chief for about a month, also said no final decisions have been made on Lamont's budget, which will be unveiled publicly on Feb. 20.
"The administration has not put forth a budget, so there is no proposed tax on food that we've formalized," McCaw told legislators during her confirmation hearing Tuesday. "Every idea is currently being considered. We have not locked in the final decision. His package will reflect his values."
Lamont had asked his budget team to present him with a series of scenarios of possible tax increases, and those included a potential tax on groceries. Currently, groceries, prescription medicines and a variety of other items are exempt from the state's 6.35 percent sales tax. McCaw said Lamont has approached budget deliberations with the view that "no idea is a bad idea."
[Politics] Gov. Ned Lamont receives support on tolls from Massachusetts, Rhode Island governors at first regional summit »
With plan to tax groceries in Connecticut floated, here's 11 other items that are tax-exempt »
When asked how a 2 percent tax on groceries would impact some citizens, McCaw answered, "It would be a challenge.''
[Politics] In switch, state board of education withdraws support for Bloomfield superintendent and Meriden educator is expected to be tapped as next commissioner of education »
"I would tend to agree with that," responded Rep. Jason Perillo of Shelton, the top House Republican on the executive and legislative nominations committee.
Later in the hearing that lasted about 90 minutes, McCaw told the committee she came from "humble beginnings'' and would remember that background when it came to crafting the state budget.
Deputy House Speaker Pro Tem Robert Godfrey of Danbury, one of the longest-serving legislators, said numerous Connecticut families are living in poverty, and he is not interested in approving policies that would "continue to make Connecticut safe for rich people.''
"I will not vote to increase the sales tax and certainly not put it on groceries," he told McCaw.
Gov. Ned Lamont receives support on tolls from Massachusetts, Rhode Island governors at first regional summit
Gov. Ned Lamont considering scaled-back tolls proposal
Godfrey, a Democrat, then asked McCaw about her department's focus and whether the state would be helping the middle class under the Lamont administration. McCaw answered, "I will always have the lens of the mom who is struggling to buy food."
[Politics] Gov. Ned Lamont considering scaled-back tolls proposal »
Raised in Waterbury, McCaw was the only child of a single mother who is of Jamaican ancestry and emigrated to the United States from England. Her mother, a a certified nursing assistant, earned $9 or $10 an hour through most of McCaw's youth. McCaw has said that her mother told her she would go to college so she could have a better life. McCaw later graduated from Wesleyan.
McCaw, whose formal title is secretary-designate of the Office of Policy and Management, was approved unanimously Tuesday by House members of the committee. Her nomination now goes to the state House of Representatives. If confirmed by the House, McCaw would be the first African-American woman to lead the agency and be the state's top budget official.
Regarding proposals for increasing the minimum wage, McCaw said, "I think it's important that we never lose sight of the struggle of lower-income families in the state of Connecticut. Certainly, if we are able to influence some of the proposals surrounding minimum wage, I think we're saying that Connecticut is a place where we want you to be able to have a decent life. That should be part of our marketing message as well.''
Despite being asked a series of questions Tuesday by legislators, McCaw declined to provide details of Lamont's proposed budget, including spending cuts. During the campaign, Lamont spoke in favor of enacting electronic highway tolls only on tractor-trailers. That system is currently in place in Rhode Island, but the truckers have filed a lawsuit against the practice.
When Perillo asked if the idea of tolls on all vehicles — not just trucks — is currently under consideration, McCaw responded, "A decision has not been made on tolls.''
As the former budget chief in the city of Hartford, McCaw was asked about the controversial bailout of Hartford that was included in the state budget and roundly criticized by Republicans. Some legislators said they were not aware of the precise details of the bailout, which requires the state to pick up about $550 million of Hartford's debt payments over the next two decades or so. McCaw was asked whether she believes cash-strapped cities receive their fair share of state funding.
"The truth of the matter, however, is the state's resources are rather limited," she said. "The question of whether or not it's an adequate level of funding is also a question about what is our ability to pay. That is a discussion we will be having on Feb. 20 until early June. I believe that there are some that are struggling, and then there might be other municipalities that have a greater ability to withstand a reduction in municipal aid."
In switch, state board of education withdraws support for Bloomfield superintendent and Meriden educator...
House approves $15 minimum wage for Connecticut after marathon debate
JT Lewis, brother of Sandy Hook victim Jesse Lewis, is running for state Senate


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Copyright row threatens Open golf press coverage
Els: winner of last year's Open
National newspapers are meeting the first challenge to their new strategy for reporters and photographers to have unrestricted access to sporting and entertainment events.
Copyright demands from the Royal and Ancient Golf Club will restrict newspapers' freedom to exploit their copyright from material gathered at The Open in July, they have discovered. If the issue is not addressed in time for the tournament there may be a re-run of the boycott by newspapers over the British Horseracing Board's and Celtic Football Club's demands on copyright and fees earlier this year which forced their governing bodies into U-turns.
After a meeting to review the R&A's new conditions last week, Newspaper Publishers' Association director Steve Oram said: "What the R&A proposes is not consistent with allowing the owner of copyright to do what the owner of copyright ought to be able to do. Those terms were considered and believed to be very seriously restrictive."
The NPA has informed the club of its views and Oram said newspapers would make up their own minds whether they will cover the event.
At the end of this month, there is the initial two-day meeting for the walkabout of the course, at Royal St George's, Sandwich, which is hosting The Open this year. Several groups are considering whether or not to attend.
Colin Gibson, sports editor of the Daily Mail, said: "I'm sure we are looking at the whole question of accreditation very closely and at the restrictions people are trying to place upon us. If we were to concede ground to any individual organisation, I am sure we would find it was the thin end of the wedge. Who knows where their attempts to control the media would end?"
Colin Harrow, group managing editor at MGN, said: "Everybody is jumping on this bandwagon and if you give in to one, you just open the doors."
Some groups fear that others, more concerned with costs than principles, will break ranks and do a deal.
An R&A spokesman said: "The Royal and Ancient is aware of the importance of maintaining a good working relationship with the media and is looking forward to welcoming them to Royal St George's in July.
"We have attempted to address specific concerns in our revised accreditation documents while at the same time protecting our own interests."
Meanwhile, in a separate move, sports photographers and writers within the National Association of Press Agencies have formed the NAPA Sports Group to negotiate jointly with a number of sport governing bodies over licensing and accreditation.
The NAPA-SG had its first meeting shortly before Easter and discussed the first major task – to renegotiate with Football DataCo over the photographic licence and writers' accreditation agreements, both of which are due for discussion this summer.
By Jean Morgan
Monk arrives to build on success for homes title


Karun Nair was dropped from the Indian Test team for the two-match Test series against West Indies, starting October 4.
The biggest name that was missing from the India squad for the two-match Test series against West Indies was that of Karun Nair. The right-handed batsman was leading the Board President's XI squad that was playing against West Indies in a practice game when the team was named. While few sensed that the batsman will not be getting a go for the home series, a handful of people had a hope that Nair might retain his place in the side. After the selection, it became crystal clear that he has to do a bit more to regain his place in the team.
The way Nair was sidelined from the Test squad did not go down well with former Indian skipper and chief selector Dilip Vengsarkar, who termed his dropping as 'baffling'. "The way Karun has been dropped is quite baffling, to say the least. He scored a triple century in a Test against England at home not so long ago. Scoring a triple ton in any grade of cricket is an outstanding feat and not many have scored a triple ton in Test cricket," Vengsarkar was quoted as saying by The Times of India.
"However, since then, he has been out of the playing eleven, and even when he was in the squad, Vihari was flown in from India and was preferred to Karun for the last Test at the Oval, which I feel is not only demeaning for the batsman but most unfair. Only the wise men of Indian cricket can explain why such a treatment is being meted out to a Test triple centurion. The entire case is quite intriguing," he added.
When Karun scored a triple century in 2016, he was expected to be given a longer run in the longest format of the game. He lost his place in the playing XI in the very next game as vice-captain Ajinkya Rahane made his comeback.
It can be said that Nair failed in three Tests that he played against Australia but the right-handed batsman has done enough for India A to play for the national side again. He was dropped from the Test team after sitting out for six Tests, one against Afghanistan and five against England. The 26-year-old might now turn up for Karnataka in the ongoing Vijay Hazare Trophy to present his case for national selection, again.


Tatjana Dachsel was born in Berlin in 1976 and studied both art at the Ruth Prowse School of Fine Art Cape Town and opera at the University of Cape Town.
Her first engagements as a stage manager and assistant stage director for Cape Town Opera between 2002 and 2008 were followed by further work as an assistant stage director for projects including "Showboat" (Sörmlands Musik o Teater, Schweden) and in 2010 für "Rusalka" (Kammeroper Schloß Rheinsberg). She has been part of the Umculo team since 2012.


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My novel Burning the Middle Ground, in print Nov. 30, was inspired by–among other things–my profound ambivalence about the impact of organized religion on American politics. Parts of it were also inspired by how incredibly creepy I find white vans. This post is about religion and white vans. It has nothing else to do with my novel, which everyone should soon buy and read and recommend to friends.
Today I drove from Louisville to Durham,following a nine-hour route through Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. With the autumn leaves in full color, the route was the second-most gorgeous stretch of road I've ever experienced (the first is California's PCH; the third is I-40 through Arizona). Despite the fact that most of the territory I covered went for the other team in the election, the scenery made me feel profoundly patriotic. How could I not love every square inch of a country as beautiful as this? I felt prouder to be an adopted Kentuckian than ever, and considering how quickly Louisville has become one of my favorite cities in the world, that's saying something.
Deeply immersed in a landscape-inspired aesthetic fervor, buoyed by the intoxicating scent of the smoke from a "scheduled burn" not far from the highway, I drifted into traffic thick enough to be annoying but not as thick as Atlanta and Los Angeles's Friday equivalents. As I coasted cautiously in the left lane, on my right appeared a white van. Since I have exposed white vans' evil in my forthcoming fictional page-turner, I tend to pay attention to them. Imagine my pleasure at seeing not a demonic, mind-controlling presence through the back window but an enthusiastic, innocent and very All-American-looking child, holding up a piece of paper and waving to get my attention.
Flashback: at about the same age, maybe a little farther into adolescence, I went on a church-sponsored road trip to Gatlinburg, Tennessee. The other boys and I made a game out of doing everything in our power to encourage truckers to honk as we rode by. Jesus had nothing directly to do with our efforts. Neither did my unrealized-until-years-later attraction to the PK (Google it… what I mean is hidden on the Wikipedia list under "Other").
The present: I wanted very much to make this kid happy, but I didn't do it. My reason (the conscious one, anyway) was that using my car horn in the fast-moving but heavy traffic might be dangerous. What kind of example would I be setting? A moment later, I changed lanes, positioning my vehicle in front of the white van. I realized then that my Obama-Biden bumper stickers would be at least as visible as the "HONK FOR JESUS" sign had been.
The layered significance of the child's request and my non-response rushed in. I had refused to honk for Jesus. I, an irreligious, liberal-voting homosexual, had refused a child the simple pleasure of an aural affirmation of his socially-conditioned by still heartfelt religiosity. And then, by waving my bumper stickers in his face as plainly as I do my "lifestyle choice" whenever I go into public without hiding who I am, I had reinforced every prejudice he likely has about my kind.
I felt, then, that I should have honked my horn. The dangers of falsely signaling a road hazard be damned–a kid's happiness, not to mention his ideological future, was at stake! At that point, however, the white van was lost in a sea of other vehicles, most of which, like my own, sported license plates from red states.
At this point the post would undoubtedly benefit from moral resolution, a final decision about why I was or wasn't right to honk my horn for Jesus.


In 1898, photographer Gertrude Käsebier looked out of her studio window on Fifth Avenue in New York City and saw the cast of Buffalo Bill's Wild West parading past. Buffalo Bill, a.k.a. William Cody, was by that time a legendary figure of the American Old West, a legend he partially self-generated. Cody's nickname arrived when he supplied buffalo meat to workers on the Kansas Pacific railroad.
In 1872, Cody performed in the Wild West theatre production Scouts of the Prairie, and in 1883, aged 37, he founded his own circus-like show, called Buffalo Bill's Wild West. The show toured annually across the U.S. and Europe, performing in front of Queen Victoria and the future kings Edward VII and George V of Britain, and the future Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. In Rome, the cast met the pope.
The show included sharpshooting acts, horseriding demonstrations and reenactments of American history. The performers included several Native Americans, many of them Sioux.
What Gertrude Käsebier saw from her window connected with her memories of the Native Americans she had known in the 1850s and 1860s, growing up in Colorado and on the Great Plains. Käsebier wrote to Cody asking if she might photograph the Native American performers in her studio. They arranged a session.
A number of the Sioux photographed had fought against the U.S. military. Chief Flying Hawk was a veteran of Great Sioux War of 1876, the Battle of the Little Big Horn of the same year and was present at the massacre of Wounded Knee — just eight years before Käsebier took his portrait.
I have seen your Wild West show two days in succession, and have enjoyed it thoroughly.
It brought vividly back the breezy wild life of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, and stirred me like a war-song.
I thought I was benefiting the Indians as well as the government, by taking them all over the United States, and giving them a correct idea of the customs, and life of the pale faces, so that when they returned to their people they could make known all they had seen.


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Continuum International Publishing Group. In the s, agricultural production fell dramatically as international rice prices declined, and did not recover for several decades. Burma continues to be ruled by one of the world's most repressive regimes.
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During her first official visit to Washington, D. Fertile plains exist in the valleys between the mountain chains. Myanmar's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. United Nations Development Programme.
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Myanmar at Wikipedia's sister projects. The elections of resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. The British then granted independence to the colony, and handed over their plans to rebuild to the new government. Northern Illinois University.
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This third book in the Bourbon Kings series delivers a satisfying conclusion to the complex challenges faced by the Bradford family. The mystery is solved and unfinished business is resolved. This series is really good. One of the best I've read in a long time. So much suspense. Bourbon, horse racing, murder, complicated relationships, and wealth set the stage for a page turner. J.R. Ward delivers another hit.
This second book in the "The Bourbon Kings" series delivered a captivating next chapter for Lane and his family. I perhaps liked it better than Book 1 (maybe). The story of the Bradford family continues. A case of who-done-it beautifully woven between relationship tales and intriguing characters. Wealth and stature, family and solidarity meet adversity in this one. I savored this book and tried to take my time, but my goodness! the pages wouldn't stop turning. The end is beautiful. I can't wait to see what Book 3 brings.
My favorite moment in the book (moderate spoiler) is when Gin and Samuel T. meet at the Seminary. Oh my heart was heavy. I'll leave it there.
Beautifully written passages and quotes that make you pause, pepper this beauty.
First in a three-book series. Lane finds himself in a position to fix all that has been lost. A wealthy family who prides itself on luxury, bourbon, and horse racing, finds itself in many different intriguing situations. It reminds me of a Kentucky Derby meets Downton Abbey. They may appear all that you could ever want, but no family is without it's secrets. Characters are very likeable. Text is rich and descriptive. This is suspenseful and romantic with a surprise around every corner. J.R. Ward hit it out of the park. Now on to Book 2.
I recommend this book! So good.
Welcome to our blog! We hope you enjoy our reviews and commentary on the books we read. Check back often for new books and recommendations.


Situated on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains over-looking the Carson River Valley, this home is carefully designed to take advantage of the rugged beauty of the site. Working with the slope, orientation, and dramatic views, the house is structured around a shaded courtyard oasis, providing outdoor space protected from both summer sun and winter winds. While the garage and guest wing to the west blend in to the landscape via sod roofs that lift from grade, the main form juts out like a boulder, mimicking the mountains beyond. The main south-facing roof peels up at the corner for passive solar gain and for a dramatic view of snow-capped Job's Peak to the southwest.
Guests enter between upturned sod-roofed wings into the sheltering courtyard flanked by a pond that physiologically and literally contributes to cooling in the dry summer climate, and collects water from the metal roofs. Photovoltaic panels sit atop a trellis shading the courtyard, and unheated entry separates the space from the driveway to the north.
It was the owner's intent that this house be virtually energy independent, utilizing no fossil fuels for operation. This required careful shading, high insulation levels, and thermal mass to keep the structures from overheating in the summer, aided by flushing of cool night air. Photovoltaic panels were also placed on the main roof and trellis to generate electricity (grid-tied with battery backup), and installed solar thermal panels provide hot water and heating via sand beds under concrete slabs (described in detail under "Solar Heating").
Natural, efficient, and durable materials were also used; primarily straw-bales with an earthen finish (using soil from the site), metal roofing and slatted cement-board siding. Salvaged materials were used throughout the project; among the most visible examples are airplane flaps employed as sunshades on the greenhouse, and ore cart wheels that support railroad track trellis beams. Salvaged and reclaimed wood is used throughout the home as well.
The solar water heating and solar space heating systems are incorporated in the same system. There are solar collectors (seven 4 x 10 Heliodyne Gobi panels) mounted below the terrace for minimized visual impact. They are tilted to optimize the winter sun (±60° from horizontal), to maximize the space heating function of the system when it is needed most. During the non-space heating part of the year, the solar water heating works well because there is extra collector area at that time, with a shunt that delivers heat to the ground out doors and the lap pool in the greenhouse. One set of pipes runs from the collectors to the floor and water storage tank.
When the sun shines, the collectors get hot, and a 12V circulating pump powered by PV panels turns on and circulates the hot solar fluid from the collectors into the home. A non-toxic antifreeze solution is in the collectors and piping. All the time some of the solar fluid passes through a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger that heats domestic hot water. A storage tank stores this hot water, which is a pre-heat to a regular water heater. During the heating season some of the hot solar fluid will circulate through Pex tubing, which is buried in sand beneath the floor slabs. The hot solar fluid transfers heat to the sand; this heat will rise evenly, warming the floors for a long time. During the cooling season the unheated thermal mass serves to help keep the spaces cool and comfortable.
More information about this heating system (and solar water heating in general) can be found in a new book called Solar Water Heating, by Bob Ramlow, the designer of this system. This practical guide is available from New Society Publishers.
During its first winter, while the house was still under construction, the weather was near or above the recorded average temperature (upon which the design was based) and the indoor temperatures remained within 10° of the comfort zone without any additional heating. Generally the sand bed was able to quickly reheat following 1-3 days of cloud cover. The following winter was one of the coldest and cloudiest on record in the Carson River Valley, and the performance of the house suffered accordingly. The electric forced air heating system was used regularly to make up for the loss of heat input from the solar panels. Still, the heating bills at this residence were 1/10th those of neighboring homes. This most recent winter the home performed admirably, especially under normal weather patterns.
In summer, the residence remains cool through most of the season, but during the hottest periods the night flush alone is not sufficient to cool all areas of the home following a hot (100°+) summer day. With the exception of these extreme weather periods, the home remains comfortable in a hot desert climate without relying on air conditioning.
The importance of a tight envelope cannot be understated. Due to design constraints, the bay at the kitchen has minimal amounts of insulation above and below, and in winter this area is a source of heat loss. The fresh air exchange, while featuring heat recovery, also contributes to lowering air temperatures.
Another lesson learned pertains to air circulation. The 12 V PV panels dedicated to powering the floor can remain covered with snow even when the solar thermal collectors are not, causing them to overheat. Conversely, early and late in the day the sun hits the PV panels but not the collectors, resulting in cool liquid being circulated into the floors. Since the house has a renewable energy system with battery backup, the 12V pump has been replaced by a 110V AC pump controlled with temperature sensors.
Perhaps the most important lesson learned is that of providing at least 24 inches (609.6 mm) depth to the sand bed. Due to the footings there were areas of this residence where the sand bed was less than 12 inches (304.8 mm) deep, and only 21 inches (533.4 mm) in others. This smaller mass heats quickly once the sun returns, but cools within two days of cloud cover.
Finally, an important lesson learned is that solar gain from morning sun—especially when on an east-facing slope—can be considerable and it needs to be controlled. Generally, we limited the size and number of these windows, and provided operable awnings at the kitchen bay, but are making plans to add shutters to a few more east-facing windows.
Passive Survivability puts forth the concept that buildings should allow people to continue to occupy a structure safely and with reasonable comfort when any or all utilities serving that building may fail. During winter, the power grid serving this area went down, as it often does in mountain regions, and neighbors called wondering why Suzanne had power when they did not. They learned that not only was her PV system powering the home, but also that she was warm despite having no gas service to the house.
Overall, the project strives to demonstrate that ecological design and good architecture are not mutually exclusive, nor necessarily mutually beneficial, but are in fact one and the same.


NOTE: Please ensure the weighting platform is clear.
2. Use the Review keys ▲▼ to scroll and select "Reset the Scales to Zero?".
4. The Scales will reset and then show the correct weight.
1. Turn the franking machine off at the power lead.
2. Remove the scale interface lead from the rear of the machine.
3. Re-insert the scale interface lead.
4. Re-insert the power lead and wait for the franking machine to re-initialize.


Maya Island Air Flight 2M4050 connects San Pedro, Belize to Corozal, Belize, taking off from San Pedro Airport SPR and landing at Corozal Municipal Airport CZH.
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COVID-19 Updated Building Access, Online Payment Options Read On...
How to Become an Election Judge
The Election Judges who operate the polling place are a very important part of the electoral process. These persons are the only contacts the Election Office has with the public during voting hours. Without these individuals, it would be impossible to conduct an election.
All Election Judges must make sure that qualified voters who are properly registered are able to cast their vote in a trouble-free environment. Therefore, the Election Judge must be reliable and courteous, present a neat appearance, be able to follow procedures exactly, and above all, possess good judgment.
To be an election judge, you must be:
16 years old or older*
A registered voter in the State of Maryland;
Able to speak, read, and write English
Physically and mentally able to work at least a 15-hour day
Willing to work outside your home precinct
Able to sit and/or stand for an extended period of time
*If you are 16 years old, you can serve if you demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Allegany County Board of Elections, that you meet the requirements for an election judge and at least one parent or guardian gives permission.
Please note that some positions require election judges to be able to lift boxes and other items weighing 10 to 25 pounds.
Disqualifiers
Additionally, you cannot be an election judge and a:
Candidate or currently hold a public or political office, including State and county political party central committees
Chairman, campaign manager or treasurer for a political or candidate committee
No experience is required, and the Allegany County Board of Elections will provide comprehensive mandatory training. Knowledge of computers is preferred but not necessary.
Voter Registration Volunteer
Any citizen may become an official Voter Registration Volunteer by attending an instruction class. Following the certification class, a certificate will be issued. Once certified each volunteer is authorized to register voters. Volunteers must re-certify every two years thereafter. Volunteers will be issued 50 voter registration forms at a time. Classes are by appointment only.
Allegany County Election Office
Email the Election Office
Allegany County Complex
701 Kelly Road
Cumberland, MD 21502
Judge Application
COVID-19: State of Emergency Resources
Allegany County has coordinated an emergency response effort in collaboration with business and charity partners throughout the region.
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Watch Allegany County's Video
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La Quinta Inn and Suites in Brookfield welcomes business and leisure travelers, featuring double and king sized bedrooms. Complimentary services include free wireless high-speed internet, breakfast, and parking. Meeting space is available. Pets are welcome. For more information or to make a reservation, click below.


The 15th edition of the Ho Chi Minh City International Travel Expo, the largest of its kind in the Mekong sub-region, will take place at the Saigon Exhibition and Convention Centre in Vietnam's largest city from September 5-7.
The second Cambodia Travel Mart (CTM) opened at Koh Pich Convention and Exhibition Centre, Phnom Penh, on October 11.
The north central province of Nghe An has been taking numerous measures to promote the province's tourism in both domestic and foreign markets.
The central province of Quang Binh welcomed over 1.8 million tourists in the first half of this year, up nearly 17 percent year-on-year.
The number of international arrivals in Ho Chi Minh City has to date this year reached 3.18 million, up 32 percent from last year and meeting 42.4 percent of the yearly target.
The first international conference on sustainable tourism development in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the central region of Vietnam was recently held in Da Nang city.
The annual ASEAN Tourism Forum (ATF 2019) is scheduled to take place in the northeastern province of Quang Ninh from January 14-19 under the theme "ASEAN: The Power of One".
The Mekong Delta province of Ben Tre has served over 472,000 tourist arrivals, including nearly 200,000 foreigners, since the beginning of this year, a year-on-year rise of 12 percent.


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Home > Browse Lawyers > All Cities in Texas > Uvalde Texas Lawyers
Uvalde, Texas (TX)
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Find a Lawyer in Uvalde, Texas from the (26) results list of lawyers below. Select a lawyer for an expanded listing. Search for Uvalde law firms from our law firm database.
Displaying Records 1 to 20 of 26
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Busbee, Christina Mitchell
100 N Getty St, Ste 5, Uvalde, TX 78801-5239 (Uvalde County)
Dodson, John P.
318 E Nopal St, Uvalde, TX 78801-5331 (Uvalde County)
PO Box 1830, Uvalde, TX 78802-1830
Downing, Charles W.
201 N Getty St, Ste C, Uvalde, TX 78801-5203 (Uvalde County)
DuBose, Camile Glasscock
100 N Getty St, Box 17, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
Duron Perez, Juan C.
5 Charles Pl, Uvalde, TX 78801-4064 (Uvalde County)
Evans, Jerry D.
127 N West St, Uvalde, TX 78801-5215 (Uvalde County)
Flores, Rodolfo
117 W South St, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
Garcia, Juan P.
104 E North St, Ste C, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
Gear, Gerald D., Jr.
1217 Magnolia St, Uvalde, TX 78801-4212 (Uvalde County)
Gerdes, Stephen M., II
218 N Getty St, Uvalde, TX 78801-5204 (Uvalde County)
Gonzales, Richard O.
621 W Main St, Uvalde, TX 78801-5126 (Uvalde County)
Hagen, Andrew W.
PO Box 799, Uvalde TX, 78802-0799 (Uvalde County)
Harris, Ronald E.
625 Cenizo Blvd, Uvalde, TX 78801-4008 (Uvalde County)
Kessler, William Arthur, Jr.
Kessler & Kessler
First State Bank Building, 200 East Nopal Street, Suite 200, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
P.O. Box 1040, Uvalde, TX 78802-1040
View profile for Kessler & Kessler
Kimble, Kelley T.
100 Main St, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
Lowe, John P.
2402 E Main St, Uvalde, TX 78801-4943 (Uvalde County)
Munoz, Rogelio
231 S Getty St, Uvalde, TX 78801 (Uvalde County)
Munoz, Rogelio F.
Nieto, Pedro G.
220 E Main St, Ste 100, Uvalde, TX 78801-5639 (Uvalde County)
Rodriguez, Joaquin L.


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Conferences Planning
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International Science and Technology Conference Institute (ISTCI) was founded for the purpose of building an infinite connection for professionals who devote to science and technology.
At ISTCI, we believe when people come together, there are always sparks and inspirations.
ISTCI is specializing in the sponsoring, organizing, planning and operating high-end international advanced science and technology conferences and professional exhibitions.
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ISTCI is aiming to create unforgettable experience for all our clients from multinational companies, industry associations, research institutes, private companies, industrial parks, governments, and universities.
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The opening ceremony was hosted by Dr. Michael Stockenhuber, Professor of The University of Newcastle, Australia and the President of the Australian Catalysis Society. Dr. Gabor A. Somorjai, Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, winner of Wolf Prize in Chemistryin 1998, and Professor of University of California at Berkeley, USA addressed a important speech at the opening ceremony.
The International Congress on Advanced Materials Sciences and Engineering (AMSE-2019) took place 22 -24 July 2019 in Osaka, Japan.
The congress was run under the auspices of ISTCI and operated by Four Leaf Clover Event. A total of approx. 500 participants from 22 Nations attended the conference in Osaka.
AMSE-2019 in accordance with the current problems observed with future life change, put a strong focus material R & D in our future life; while a second major topic was associated to Nano Material as one of the future advanced materials. The program was structured in 22 parallel sessions to give room for the 313 contributions that were selected by the Scientific Advisory Committee for oral presentations in the fields of: Semiconductor and Superconductor Materials, Electronic Materials and Device, Optical Materials, Magnetic Materials, Information Materials, Smart Materials and Structure, Artificial Intelligence, Nano Materials, Materials and Energy, Biomaterials and Bio-engineering, Polymer Materials, Composites Materials, Structural Materials, Carbon and Graphene, Environment and Green Materials, Metals and Metallurgy and Alloy, Physical Behavior of Materials and Surface Science, Design, Modeling, Fabrication, Processing and Synthesis of Materials, Chemical Analysis of Materials, Materials, Mechanical, and Manufacturing, 3D, 4D Printing Materials, Advanced Materials Application in Architecture and Civil Engineering.
The Keynote Forum
AMSE- 2019 was opened by keynote speakers Nigel Brandon, Raymond Oliver, Suong Van Hoa, Alan Kin Tak Lau, Huiling Duan and A. P. S. Selvadurai who showed us how the future materials look like. Technology has forever changed how we process and interact with knowledge. What are the challenges and opportunities ahead of us? The six experts examined the implications of tomorrow's tech and looked at how we can ensure that material changes and works for our life.
The Keynote Forum was always a highlight of the programme, it didn't disappoint with a lively discussion of a controversial motion: Future material Could, Should and Will Replace the current one. What the future battery will be used for our life and how does it work? Dr. Nigel Brandon, Director of UK Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Supergen Hub gave us this answer.
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text:
Bringing Justice to Catalonia
Artur Mas © Marco Zouvek
Alfons Lopez Tena
@alfonslopeztena
February 03, 2017 11:44 EDT
The leader of Catalonia's independence movement deserves a fair trial.
Authoritarian rulers have a crush on parading themselves as the embodiment of the country itself—usually called with the more uplifting name of fatherland—feeling entitled to crush any criticism and dissent as treason and sedition.
An outcome of liberal democracy's ideological hegemony is that even the more ruthless dictators feel obliged to feign respect for the rule of law to conceal the fact that they just impose the law of the ruler, crushing their opponents by way of rubber-stamp judges applying biased laws. Paying homage to La Rochefoucauld's motto: "Hypocrisy is the compliment vice pays to virtue."
The collateral damage of that hypocrisy has been to cast a regrettable shadow of suspicion over laws and judges, even in perfectly fine liberal democracies where it is too easy for political tricksters to cry foul when they are indicted, pretending to be victims of illegitimate laws and government-kowtowing, justice-denying judges.
James Madison rightly remarked: "If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary." Therefore, our fallen condition cannot totally exclude wicked laws and partial or less-than-independent judges, anywhere and at any time.
I served seven years in the Spanish council of the judiciary, mainly committed to uphold, defend and guarantee the independence of judges against public officials too eager to get the rulings they craved and the judges supine enough to provide them—both in Spain and in other countries as well. It wasn't always easy, and sometimes it was really rough and nasty, but that's what checks and balances are for and public duty means.
The usual conflict surrounds free speech, by way of laws and rulings intended to curb it against dissenters and minorities, or politicians denouncing their indictment as a violation thereof. Two liberal democracies come to mind: India and Spain.
THE INDIAN EXAMPLE
India's current sedition law, established in British Raj times, has often been used against journalists, writers, students, social activists, political foes and those critical of the government. In 2016, India's Supreme Court asked all authorities to stick to the guidelines laid down by its landmark 1962 ruling Kedar Nath vs. State of Bihar over sedition, summarized by R. Balaji in Kolkata's The Telegraph:
"Any written or spoken words that have implicit in them the idea of subverting the government by violent means will be punishable.
Strong words used to express disapprobation of government measures, with a view to their improvement or alteration by lawful means, would not come within sedition.
Comments, however strongly worded, expressing disapprobation of the actions of the government without exciting those feelings that generate the inclination to cause public disorder by acts of violence will not be penal.
Disloyalty to the government is not the same thing as commenting in strong terms on the measures or acts of the government or its agencies so as to ameliorate the condition of the people or to secure the cancellation or alteration of those acts or measures by lawful means.
Freedom has to be guarded against becoming a licence for vilification and condemnation of the government established by law in words that incite violence or have the tendency to create public disorder.
A citizen has a right to say or write whatever he likes about the government or its measures, by way of criticism or comment, so long as he does not incite people to violence against the government established by law or with the intention of creating public disorder."
Nevertheless, the same court has ruled that the Indian national anthem must be played in every cinema before a film is screened. Countless people have been indicted for not standing or somehow disrespecting the anthem, including the writer Kamal C. Chavara, charged with sedition for allegedly showing disrespect to it, and student leader Kanhaiya Kumar, arrested because he and others allegedly shouted anti-India slogans in a rally.
As far as I know, none of these people have accused the judges of being politically biased against them, and therefore, the conflict will be solved inside the constitutional frame of judges being accepted and respected by all parts involved. It is sedition law, free speech and the constitutional approach to both what's being discussed.
BIASED JUDGES IN CATALONIA
That's not, regrettably, what happens today in Catalonia, where judges are regularly vilified as political operators whose strings are pulled by the Spanish government.
This threshold has been momentously trespassed by Catalan politicians, such as councilors, members of parliament (both the Catalan and Spanish ones) and members of the Catalan government, including both its former and current president. Some of them have been indicted for contempt of court because they allegedly failed to obey a court order, in some cases by the constitutional court itself. One councilor was indicted on sedition charges.
Nobody has been indicted over speech supporting Catalonia's independence, in spite of the flood of propaganda concocted by the Catalan government and its supine media, feigning they are persecuted just because of speech.
The real issue is judges ordering public officials to do or not to do what judges rule as illegal, such as allowing a vote in the Catalan parliament over Catalonia's independence aims and ways to get it, or organizing an official mock-referendum regardless of the constitutional court prohibition.
The response of those Catalan politicians has taken a populist, illiberal stance upholding people's will as being paramount above laws and judges—putting themselves as the embodiment of that alleged people's will and, therefore, above so-called illegitimate laws. It is an astonishing and risky stand that defies the very principles of rule of law and checks and balances, whose slippery slope leads to negate judicial review and denounce judges as mere Spanish government's stooges.
A former member of the Catalan government, Quico Homs, who is now a lawgiver in Spain's parliament, declared after being indicted by the supreme court: "This is a political, not a legal judgment. We have the impression that the Spanish institutions have acted arbitrarily and following the will of the Popular Party [Spain's ruling party]. When I see the coincident positions of both the prosecution and the judges I see that this is very cooked."
Catalonia's former president, Artur Mas, said: "I'm absolutely convinced that both me and the members of Catalan government indicted by the High Court of Justice of Catalonia will be condemned. We will be judged over our ideas and not by disobeying the Constitutional Court. The sentence is pre-established. I do not say it's already written because it would be ugly to say so, but it is drafted or preformed."
Forget any pretense of decorum appropriate to high office and position, that should be retained come what may. The gloves are off in Catalonia.
EXTRADITION AS DUE PROCESS OF LAW
It would be preposterous to decide right away if these gnarly accusations against judges are really founded or are mere rants by politicians willing to divert attention away from their misdemeanors.
Here is a way to find out: If Mas really means what he says, if the Spanish judges are puppets whose strings are pulled by the government, the right thing for him to do—in order to get an impartial judge solely committed to the due process of law—is to leave the country and wait calmly in France or the United Kingdom for an extradition or mutual assistance request.
Both French and British judges are off-limits, so the Spanish government has no way whatsoever of any pulling strings. Therefore, they can deliver to Mas and the other indicted officials the due process and impartial verdict any person is entitled to.
If the current and coming indicted officials, especially Mas, win the case, it is up to them to choose exile or return to Catalonia and be judged, strengthened by an extradition order denied as politically motivated—with all the sympathy and support this outcome would generate worldwide on behalf of them, Mas and Catalonia's plight.
*[A shorter version of this article was originally published by Business Insider.]
Photo Credit: Marco Zouvek
Artur Mas and Catalonia's Quest for Independence
Silvia Alvarez & Artur Mas, January 30, 2018
The People of Catalonia Demand Their Right to Vote
Silvia Alvarez, September 28, 2017


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text:
Dan Loeb: Yahoo CEO Scott Thompson Is Lying About His College Degree
Yodel Anecdotal
Here's what happens when you go to war with a crazed hedge funder: He digs up dirt on your past.
In this case, Dan Loeb is claiming that Yahoo CEO Scott Thompson is lying about his college degree.
Loeb says Thompson only has an accounting degree, not an accounting and computer science degree.
Here's Loeb's letter on the matter:
Dear Board of Directors:
According to the Yahoo! Form 10-K/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2012, newly-hired Chief Executive Officer, Scott Thompson, "holds a Bachelor's degree in accounting and computer science" from Stonehill College. This assertion was repeated in the Company's draft proxy statement, also filed with the SEC on April 27, 2012, as well as on the Company's website.
A rudimentary Google search reveals a Stonehill College alumni announcement stating that Mr. Thompson's degree is in accounting only. That announcement is consistent with other documents (including filings with the SEC) that reflect Mr. Thompson received a degree in accounting, but not computer science.
Upon recognizing this discrepancy, Third Point initially assumed that the documents we had reviewed were incorrect and the representations in Yahoo!'s public filings were accurate. However, we were then informed by Stonehill College that Mr. Thompson did indeed graduate with a degree in accounting only. Furthermore, Stonehill College informed us that it did not begin awarding computer science degrees until 1983 -- four years after Mr. Thompson graduated. We inquired whether Mr. Thompson had taken a large number of computer science courses, perhaps allowing him to justify to himself that he had "earned" such a degree. Instead, we learned that during Mr. Thompson's tenure at Stonehill only one such course was even offered - Intro to Computer Science. Presumably, Mr. Thompson took that course.
If Mr. Thompson embellished his academic credentials we think that it 1) undermines his credibility as a technology expert and 2) reflects poorly on the character of the CEO who has been tasked with leading Yahoo! at this critical juncture. Now more than ever Yahoo! investors need a trustworthy CEO.
Shareholders must also question how the Board of Directors, specifically the Search Committee chaired by Ms. Patti Hart, could permit the Company to hire a CEO with this discrepancy in the public record. We assumed previously that the Committee would have conducted a thorough background check on Mr. Thompson - and even if not thorough, the most basic of such checks would address Mr. Thompson's education and degrees. Should our concerns about Mr. Thompson's record be accurate, that would call into serious question whether the Board failed to exercise appropriate diligence and oversight in one of its most fundamental tasks - identifying and hiring the Chief Executive Officer.
As we pondered how Mr. Thompson's academic credentials could seemingly be overlooked, we discovered another apparent discrepancy regarding the academic background of Ms. Hart, the Chair of the Search Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
Specifically, Ms. Hart, we are told in various corporate filings (including the aforementioned Form 10-K/A), holds a "Bachelor's degree in marketing and economics" from Illinois State University. However, we understand that Ms. Hart's degree is in Business Administration. She received a degree in neither Marketing nor Economics, (although we understand that she may have taken a small number of courses - not enough for even a minor degree - in each).[1]
The Yahoo! Code of Ethics sets forth a standard of conduct that "applies to all Yahoo! employees (including officers... and directors...)". Page 13 of the Code relates to Accurate Business Communications, Records and Contracts, and states:
"Disclosure in reports and documents filed with or submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by Yahoo! must be full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable.... Make sure information we disclose about our company is clear, truthful and accurate."
Third Point believes Mr. Thompson and Ms. Hart owe Yahoo!, its Board of Directors and its shareholders an explanation. We also call upon the Board to immediately commission an independent investigation to determine whether these individuals (i) made misrepresentations to the Yahoo! Board and the investing public or (ii) have violated the Company's Code of Ethics. Unless there are satisfactory explanations for these apparent discrepancies, the Board will need to decide whether these two individuals should remain at the helm of Yahoo!. The actions of the other members of the Search and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees who had a hand in the vetting process should also be reviewed and handled appropriately.
If misrepresentations were made, they would confirm yet again that Yahoo! is in dire need of a complete corporate governance overhaul. As we have asserted repeatedly and forcefully, as Yahoo!'s largest outside shareholder and a voice for our fellow investors, we believe the Yahoo! Board requires fresh, outside perspectives from individuals who have no connection to a failed regime and have the expertise to address the serious challenges facing the Company. It is also critical that these individuals possess the highest levels of integrity and exhibit diligence and due care in all their dealings. Third Point has nominated four such individuals to the Board, whose qualifications can be reviewed on our shareholder website: www.valueyahoo.com . Rest assured, our nominees will adhere to the highest standards of corporate governance.
If there is a good explanation for the apparent discrepancies regarding the academic records of Mr. Thompson and Ms. Hart, we are confident that it will be provided promptly. However, in the event that there is no good explanation, we expect the Board to take immediate action. Yahoo! shareholders should not have to wait until the (not yet scheduled) Annual Meeting for our nominees to begin the hard work of truly changing the Yahoo! Board.
Daniel S. LoebChief Executive OfficerThird Point LLC
Get the latest Yahoo stock price here.
More: Dan Loeb Scott Thompson Yahoo


The NSA document stolen and published two days ago tying Russians to election hacking is worthless as proof of anything. It's a definite maybe in the unnamed analysts' judgement.
The Intercept published the top secret intelligence documents stolen by the 25-year old liberal, anti-Trumper, Reality Leigh Winner.
All the reports about the stolen documents claim this is detailed proof of Russia hacking because they want to delegitimize Trump's election win.
The stolen documents continue the Russian hacking narrative. If Putin is hacking elections, that is very serious, however, consider how the story is being used and the possible political motivations as well as the quality of the document.
ABC News reports that the top Democrat on the Senate Homeland Security Committee, Claire McCaskill, today said that "we now have verified information" showing that Russian intelligence services were in fact behind last year's cyber-assault on the U.S. election.
That's categorically untrue. It proves nothing and it is not verified information.
Actually, does it matter if Russians leaked? Our own people are leaking all our intel and threatening national security.
The Intercept story based on her leaked document, titled, TOP-SECRET NSA REPORT DETAILS RUSSIAN HACKING EFFORT DAYS BEFORE 2016 ELECTION, claims the documents show Russian military intelligence have engaged – possibly successful – in more extensive hacking efforts than we've previously been told.
The authors of the article admit, however: A U.S. intelligence officer who declined to be identified cautioned against drawing too big a conclusion from the document because a single analysis is not necessarily definitive.
That's disingenuous, it's not definitive at all because it is unverified and it's one opinion by people unidentified.
The article assures the reader the report: states unequivocally in its summary statement that it was Russian military intelligence, specifically the Russian General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, or GRU, that conducted the cyber attacks described in the document.
The NSA document which they uploaded is unverified and, while it comes from an NSA agent, it is also hypothetical.
The Russian military – ostensibly – stole credentials and spearphished to breach the VR systems, a Florida-based vendor of electronic voting services and equipment whose products are used in eight states.
Following is the graphic or view it here.
The spy, Reality Winner, has been charged and arrested under the same espionage act that the former FBI Director Jim Comey said couldn't be used against Hillary Clinton.
Her Twitter and Facebook feeds are very left and very anti-Trump. Like most Millennials today, she has been indoctrinated and much of her mutterings on social media are outlandish.
The underlying tone of media reporting is the revelations may have been worthwhile in what they reveal about the Russia hacking case. That's absurd because there were other legal routes she could have taken.
The Trump-hating Winner, now spy, leaked to the far-left magazine, The Intercept, which is run by Glenn Greenwald who coached Edward Snowden.
Her parents now claim she was in fear for her life, afraid she'd disappear. Perhaps that will be her defense for spying and leaking what really is proof of nothing.
This is reminding more and more of the Y2K situation. As one who had, at that time, worked in computers for over 20 years I was familiar with the situation.
Remember, this was covered as if the worst disasters ever conceived would pale in comparison. Planes would fall out of the sky, and on and on.
At the time C-Span had two "experts" on who had written books on the subject. Surprisingly I was able to get in on the call-in line. I immediately tried to explain how so much of the coverage was sheer nonsense. They would hear none of it and I was labeled a kook caller.
These reports were SO convincing that the company I worked for spent literally millions on escaping the disaster. They even had people stationed at strategic locations to stand by at midnight, myself included. No matter how hard I tried I couldn't convince them otherwise.
We have the same situation today when it comes to computers, Cyber Security and analysis.
Considering the media wants a particular angle on any story they cover it should come to no surprise the experts they choose will substantiate that angle. There's no "story" without that confirmation. Essentially there is no alternative but to do so.
It is quite similar to the email phishing as described in this report. Email addresses are not some hidden information guarded by the service provider. Once you send an email over public networks you have just exposed your address to anyone with knowledge on how to capture it.
These addresses are collected and entered into databases that are then sold around the globe. Domains that host email servers are constantly probed for usernames and when found are subject to phishing attempts.
There are many actors who can and could accomplish this task and not necessarily Russia. I'm rather surprised there are NO indications of forensic evidence being gathered. It seems everything from the NSA document is quite rudimentary in its scope and analysis.
So far everything that has come out about Russian interference with regard to technology has been on a low-skill level. I certainly would make the assumption that Russia would have abilities and capabilities far greater than what we have currently been made aware of.
Also, on the matter of experts. During the ransomware that exploded not long ago even the "experts" were stating the person's files were "encrypted". THAT is NOT the case. There were some registry changes that made it impossible for that user to access "machine" functions, to put it simply. There were also a few other minor changes.
Our intelligence agencies have been shown to be involved in illegal surveillance, disinformation, coverups, and oppose Trump. Nothing that comes out like this without hard evidence has credibility.


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text:
Para quienes quieran enseñar los cursos en el Grupo Calumet, se tienen algunas
directivas para guiar el aprendizaje con estos recursos.

## Requisitos para estudiantes

- Conocimiento y experiencia básica en programación en algún lenguaje como Java,
  C/C++/C#, Python o similar.
- Nivel intermedio de inglés, suficiente para entender documentos y videos técnicos.

## Metodologías

Algunas directivas que se buscan seguir a lo largo de los cursos:

- 25% del tiempo en clases: sobrevista teórico/práctica, debate de ideas y resolución de dudas.
- 75% del tiempo por parte del estudiante: investigación y práctica. Se busca inculcar:
  - **Curiosidad**: se tiene a disposición de la Internet para buscar y encontrar
  información en diferentes formatos a través de muchos recursos. La curiosidad es importante
  para incentivar la búsqueda de conocimiento a través de los medios acerca de la tecnología,
  debido a su continuo cambio y evolución.
  - **Creatividad**: se logra experimentando nuevas cosas mientras se va aprendiendo
  acerca de cualquier interés. Es necesaria para establecer una mente que le guste llevar
  sus ideas a la realidad, especialmente con la tecnología.
  - **Dedicación**: como cualquier ámbito en la vida, es recomendado invertir tiempo de calidad
  en el proceso de llevar ideas a la realidad.
- Lectura y escucha de contenidos multimedia (plataformas, foros, blogs, videotutoriales)
en gran medida en inglés.
- Clases prácticas a través de Google Hangouts con Share Screen.
- Uso de los ejemplos encontrados en este repositorio y en cualquier otro para explicar
las temáticas.
- Desarrollo de sencillos proyectos a través del los cursos para ir implementado lo que
se vaya aprendiendo. Lo que no se aplica, es dificil aprenderlo bien.

## Recursos web

Los recursos para aprender se deben ir leyendo, escuchando y analizando en el transcurso
de los cursos. No está cuantificado cuánto se debe estudiar antes de cada clase para una
temática en específico. Se recomienda que se vayan consumiendo y por cuenta propia se
decida hasta lograr que cada quien comprenda los contenidos que objetivizó.

## Uso de ejemplos

Los ejemplos encontrados en el repositorio son de guía para las explicaciones de las
tecnologías ofrecidas en los cursos de programación.

## Uso de herramientas/servicios

Para cuando sea necesario exponer alguna temática, resulta recomendable hacerlo mediante
la herramienta Google Hangouts compartiendo pantalla. Esto facilita que se muestre como
en realidad se trabaja con las herramientas las tecnologías presentadas.

## Comentarios

La organización de contenido y tiempo para implementar los cursos debe ser definida por los
instructores que asistan los mismos.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub