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Preview — All the Stars in the Heavens by Adriana Trigiani
All the Stars in the Heavens
Adriana Trigiani (Goodreads Author)
3.50 · Rating details · 10,012 ratings · 1,445 reviews
Adriana Trigiani, the New York Times bestselling author of the blockbuster epic The Shoemaker's Wife, returns with her biggest and boldest novel yet—a hypnotic tale, based on a true story—that dazzles with the signature elements of her previous work—family ties, artistry, romance, adventure—and introduces an unforgettable new heroine: Loretta Young, an ambitious starlet st Adriana Trigiani, the New York Times bestselling author of the blockbuster epic The Shoemaker's Wife, returns with her biggest and boldest novel yet—a hypnotic tale, based on a true story—that dazzles with the signature elements of her previous work—family ties, artistry, romance, adventure—and introduces an unforgettable new heroine: Loretta Young, an ambitious starlet struggling to survive in Hollywood's dream factory
In this spectacular saga as radiant, thrilling, and beguiling as Hollywood itself, Adriana Trigiani takes us back to Tinsel Town's golden age—an era as brutal as it was resplendent—and into the complex and glamorous world of a young actress hungry for fame and success. With meticulous, beautiful detail, Trigiani paints a rich, historical landscape of 1930s Los Angeles, where European and American artisans flocked to pursue the ultimate dream: to tell stories on the silver screen.
The movie business is booming in 1935 when twenty-one-year-old Loretta Young meets thirty-four-year-old Clark Gable on the set of The Call of the Wild. Though he's already married, Gable falls for the stunning and vivacious young actress instantly.
Far from the glittering lights of Hollywood, Sister Alda Ducci has been forced to leave her convent and begin a new journey that leads her to Loretta. Becoming Miss Young's assistant, the innocent and pious young Alda must navigate the wild terrain of Hollywood with fierce determination and a moral code that derives from her Italian roots. Over the course of decades, she and Loretta encounter scandal and adventure, choose love and passion, and forge an enduring bond of love and loyalty that will be put to the test when they eventually face the greatest obstacle of their lives.
Anchored by Trigiani's masterful storytelling that takes you on a worldwide ride of adventure from Hollywood to the shores of southern Italy, this mesmerizing epic is, at its heart, a luminous tale of the most cherished ties that bind. Brimming with larger-than-life characters both real and fictional—including stars Spencer Tracy, Myrna Loy, David Niven, Hattie McDaniel and more—it is it is the unforgettable story of one of cinema's greatest love affairs during the golden age of American movie making. ...more
Published October 13th 2015 by Harper
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Popular Answered Questions
Does anyone know if the Edna Ferber quote about Mussolini is an actual quote that can be credited to her? Loretta quotes Ferber, saying she had sat next to her at a dinner.
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Marji Morris This doesn't answer the question, but I had to comment. I read this book during the throes of the primaries in 2016. I got chills at the description…moreThis doesn't answer the question, but I had to comment. I read this book during the throes of the primaries in 2016. I got chills at the description of Mussolini and the "beware the clowns" quote. The parallels to current politicos are frightening.(less)
Was Alda based on a real person?
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Adriana Trigiani Yes, she is based on the story of a young nun who came to the United States during the early part of the last century. I loved the elements of her…moreYes, she is based on the story of a young nun who came to the United States during the early part of the last century. I loved the elements of her story which blended beautifully with the world of characters from the golden age of Hollywood- very different journeys of faith arriving at similar destinations. Thank you for asking!(less)
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Historical Fiction 2015
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· 10,012 ratings · 1,445 reviews
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Nov 09, 2015 RoseMary Achey rated it did not like it
A vast departure from the warmth and authentic characters in Trigiani's previous novels. I found this book extremely dull and struggled to stay engaged.
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Nov 03, 2015 Jeanette rated it it was ok
Disappointed in that the character Alda was not the core of this tale. Liking Trigiani's work and her more original plots, this highly fictionalized rendition of Loretta Young's life falls far short. Too many words, too few authentic emotive or associative links to the crux issues during that time, IMHO. Some of the under characters were completely flat and never began to come alive, not even after 100 pages of them. Like Alda's husband Luca and nearly every Catholic clergy person in the mix. Th Disappointed in that the character Alda was not the core of this tale. Liking Trigiani's work and her more original plots, this highly fictionalized rendition of Loretta Young's life falls far short. Too many words, too few authentic emotive or associative links to the crux issues during that time, IMHO. Some of the under characters were completely flat and never began to come alive, not even after 100 pages of them. Like Alda's husband Luca and nearly every Catholic clergy person in the mix. The opposite of "pop"- they just lay down there like a deflated balloon. This one was for easy money and the crowd who lives on celebs? Regardless, it was a terrible idea and I wish she wouldn't have used this route at all. ...more
Nov 01, 2015 Carol Brill rated it really liked it
Kept me turning pages, and I'm torn about the rating, I'm a huge Adriana Trigiani fan. This wasn't my favorite of her many books, More a 3.5 for me. I remember Loretta Young, Clark Gable, and many of the other stars involved, but didn't know about the event that is at the center of this story. I'm intrigued about the research that must have gone into writing this and how much of the story is fiction vs. based on reported facts. Creating dialogue for characters who were real people fascinates me. Kept me turning pages, and I'm torn about the rating, I'm a huge Adriana Trigiani fan. This wasn't my favorite of her many books, More a 3.5 for me. I remember Loretta Young, Clark Gable, and many of the other stars involved, but didn't know about the event that is at the center of this story. I'm intrigued about the research that must have gone into writing this and how much of the story is fiction vs. based on reported facts. Creating dialogue for characters who were real people fascinates me. Can't wait to hear an interview with A.T. to learn more about her process ...more
Sep 13, 2015 Suze rated it it was ok
I'm really disappointed in this book from the woman who wrote 'The Shoemaker's Wife', which I loved. I felt as if I was reading a movie magazine, and had to force myself to finish it.
Too wordy, overloaded with detail (often repeated), and not as much depth as I prefer in a storyline. It made me sad, also, to read how unhappy the movie stars I admired were in real life. I had a crush on Clark Gable when I was just a little girl. Even then I thought he had sad eyes.
I hope the author's next book i I'm really disappointed in this book from the woman who wrote 'The Shoemaker's Wife', which I loved. I felt as if I was reading a movie magazine, and had to force myself to finish it.
I hope the author's next book is more like her other books. ...more
Nov 09, 2015 Diane rated it it was amazing
Reading Adriana Trigiani's newest novel All The Stars In The Heavens feels like watching a fascinating Turner Classic Movies documentary. I felt like putting on my best peignoir, slipping on my feathered mules, applying the reddest shade of lipstick, and mixing myself a martini garnished with olives as I dove into the story-behind-the-story of Loretta Young and Clark Gable's forbidden Hollywood romance while reclining on my bedroom chaise.
Loretta Young was a hardworking, well-known young actress Reading Adriana Trigiani's newest novel All The Stars In The Heavens feels like watching a fascinating Turner Classic Movies documentary. I felt like putting on my best peignoir, slipping on my feathered mules, applying the reddest shade of lipstick, and mixing myself a martini garnished with olives as I dove into the story-behind-the-story of Loretta Young and Clark Gable's forbidden Hollywood romance while reclining on my bedroom chaise.
Loretta Young was a hardworking, well-known young actress when she was cast as the thirteen-years-older Clark Cable's love interest in the movie The Call of The Wild. The movie was to be shot on location in a remote area near Seattle.
Young's assistant, the former-almost-nun-until-she-was-told-by-Mother-Superior-that-she-was-not-nun-material Alda Ducci accompanied Loretta. They were among the very few women on the set, so they managed to attract the attentions of more than a few of the men.
Clark Gable avidly pursued Loretta, even though he was married. Loretta had just ended a romantic, though chaste, relationship with actor Spencer Tracy and even though she had a reputation for falling a little bit in love with her leading men, she was determined not to do so with Gable.
She resisted until she couldn't anymore, and when Loretta and Gable traveled to Seattle to be witnesses to a wedding between Alda and a set painter after a whirlwind romance, she gave in.
The affair had long-lasting consequences, and although Gable promised that he was going to divorce his wife to be with Loretta, he strung Loretta along. Loretta had a career to worry about, and home wrecker would not look good in the tabloids or on her resume.
There were so many things I loved about All The Stars In The Heavens, it could be a multi-part post, but I will just touch on the highlights.
The novel takes real people and a true story and imagines what really happened, and those kind of stories I find irresistible when done well, and Trigiani aims high and hits a home run here.
I love Hollywood behind-the-scenes-stories, and to see a different side of have such unforgettable characters as Young, Gable, a young David Niven, Spencer Tracy, Myrna Loy and Hattie McDaniel was thrilling.
The scene with Gable and Hattie McDaniel on the set of Saratoga, the 1937 movie where Jean Harlow died on set, made me giddy. We see their bantering and flirting, and now I remember why I loved the scenes between Mammy and Rhett Butler in Gone With The Wind so much. (GWTW is my favorite movie!)
Women in Trigiani's books are strong women, and always strive to have a career. Here we see that Loretta worked hard to support her mother and sisters, and invested her money in real estate. How many women (or men) in Hollywood were smart enough to do that? Loretta's mother, a single mom, had to raise her four daughters, and built a stellar career in real estate investment and interior design. She was a terrific example for her girls, and Trigiani's protagonists are good examples for women to work hard and follow their dreams to get ahead.
I could go on and on, but I'll just tell you that I loved that Trigiani has stepped up her already stellar game in All The Stars In The Heavens, and you will lose yourself in a dazzling Hollywood love story that will have you googling Loretta Young/Clark Cable to find out the story that inspired this gorgeous novel. I give it my highest recommendation. ...more
Jan 09, 2017 Amanda - Mrs B's Book Reviews rated it liked it
Shelves: 2017-books
*3.5 stars
Hollywood of the bygone era is the principal subject of Adriana Trigiani's newest book, a historical crossed with biographical fiction novel, titled All the Stars in the Heavens.
All the Stars in the Heavens focuses heavily on the life of Hollywood glamour girl and renowned actress Gretchen Young, known to many by her stage name, Loretta Young. It examines Loretta's life in her catholic home, where she was raised with her sisters by her single parent mother. Loretta's modest home life a *3.5 stars
All the Stars in the Heavens focuses heavily on the life of Hollywood glamour girl and renowned actress Gretchen Young, known to many by her stage name, Loretta Young. It examines Loretta's life in her catholic home, where she was raised with her sisters by her single parent mother. Loretta's modest home life as an Italian Catholic, is starkly contrasted to the opulence of her Hollywood career. All the Stars in the Heavens begins to tell Loretta's story at a pivotal part in Loretta's life, as she makes the transition from a child star, to a headlining movie star. The reader learns Loretta has just embarked on a love affair with Spencer Tracy, a married man and leading star in Hollywood. Much of the novel is focussed on Loretta's time spent filming the iconic movie Call of the Wild, with Clark Gable. It is on this fateful movie set that a passionate love affair sparks behind the scenes between Gable and Young. It also becomes a love affair that has long lasting implications for Loretta. So much seems to stand in Loretta and Clark's way, as they are prevented from officially cementing their relationship as a couple. Trigiani highlights the strict moral codes and studio obligations of the time that stood in the way of this golden couple. In addition to Loretta's star studded life, the book also chooses to focus on the life of Alda Ducci. Alda is a young Italian woman from a convent, sent to work with Loretta as her personal secretary.
I haven't read a novel written by Adriana Trigiani before this one. I was keen to read this novel, as the golden age of Hollywood completely fascinates me. I surprised myself by knowing very little about Loretta Young, despite having researched this area in depth during high school. It was enlightening to discover what a rich life Loretta lead. I also didn't know anything about her affair with Gable, an actor who I have always held in high regard. As far as research and content goes, Trigiani does this very well. She presents her reader with a highly interesting narrative, based on a fascinating period and topic in history. The choice to focus on Loretta Young was a good one, as Loretta appeared to be both a likeable person, with a colourful life to match.
The device of using Alda, the sister turned secretary sent to Loretta near the opening of the novel was also a wise move. Alda offers the reader a completely different set of eyes on Hollywood. Alda's version of the events that take place in Loretta's life are from someone outside the movie making business, which was refreshing. Alda's story itself was an interesting one, full of secrets and revelations, as the book progressed. As well as Alda's memorable friendship and loyalty to Loretta, there is also a gentle love story that develops between Alda and a set designer.
What I enjoyed overwhelmingly about this novel, was how Trigiani was able to resurrect the forgotten and iconic pillars of Hollywood. I have admired many of the stars featured in this novel from the screen and it was a lovely experience watching them come alive through Trigiani's dialogue. All the Stars in the Heavens also gave me a behind the scenes look at how Hollywood operated in the era of tight moral codes and highlighted the lack of rights experienced by the actor/actresses. It astounded me just how many movies a year were churned out by certain stars.
The central relationship between Young and Gable did not sweep me off my feet as much as I would have liked to. Gable came across as a complete womaniser, who was unable to stand up to the people in his life and make a decision for himself. I did begin to wonder if he truly did want to be with Loretta, or he was happy to play the field. The fallout from their relationship is handled well by Trigiani. I felt devastated by the choices women in this era had to face, as it seemed so unfair compared to the men.
All the Stars in the Heavens provided me with the ultimate journey back into Hollywood's yesteryear. It was a glamorous age to be a part of, but also a tough one for many stars. It inspired me to do some further reading on this fascinating era and brush up on my knowledge of the talented set of celebrities that paved the way for our stars today. I warn you, it is best to do this after completing the novel, as this may spoil your version of events. Loretta Young's story, told through Loretta herself and the memorable Alda, made this book a most pleasant way to end a weekend of reading. All the Stars in the Heavens is a book I highly recommended to fans of history, biopics and Hollywood.
https://mrsbbookreviews.wordpress.com ...more
Sep 12, 2015 Christine Roberts rated it really liked it
Shelves: first-reads-books-arcs, 2015-read, i-own-it
I have never read anything by Adriana Trigiani before, but I read an excerpt from this book in a preview style galley for fall 2015 fiction, and was hooked. I was lucky enough to receive an ARC from Goodreads, and I am so glad.
"All the Stars in the Heavens" is about the golden age of Hollywood, the age of Clark Gable, Carole Lombard, Spencer Tracy, and Loretta Young. Our protagonist is Loretta, who has been in "the business" since she was four. She seems to fall in love with her costars, and th I have never read anything by Adriana Trigiani before, but I read an excerpt from this book in a preview style galley for fall 2015 fiction, and was hooked. I was lucky enough to receive an ARC from Goodreads, and I am so glad.
"All the Stars in the Heavens" is about the golden age of Hollywood, the age of Clark Gable, Carole Lombard, Spencer Tracy, and Loretta Young. Our protagonist is Loretta, who has been in "the business" since she was four. She seems to fall in love with her costars, and the virile Clark Gable is no exception.
Loretta Young, circa 1930's
Loretta becomes pregnant with Gable's child, and they both decide to lie and scheme to hide the child, because Gable was still married to No.2 (of 5) wives, and it would cause a scandal and violate codes of conduct mandated by their respective studios.
This novel begins as a love story, and evolves into a life story. The focus is on Young, but the supporting characters and background information are just as interesting.
4 stars for a funny, sweet, strong historical fiction. Well done.
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Oct 20, 2015 Joan of Park rated it did not like it
I can sum this one up in one word: boring. Which is extremely disappointing because the last Trigiani novel I read, THE SHOEMAKER'S WIFE, was spectacular. While Trigiani does have a couple of Italian characters and a brief scene in Italy, which is usually where and how her writing shines as she brings the old and intimate villages to life, for the most part, this book was flat and monotonous. Over and over again, we hear about Loretta's thoughts concerning Gable, her thoughts concerning her daug I can sum this one up in one word: boring. Which is extremely disappointing because the last Trigiani novel I read, THE SHOEMAKER'S WIFE, was spectacular. While Trigiani does have a couple of Italian characters and a brief scene in Italy, which is usually where and how her writing shines as she brings the old and intimate villages to life, for the most part, this book was flat and monotonous. Over and over again, we hear about Loretta's thoughts concerning Gable, her thoughts concerning her daughter, other people's thoughts on other matters. Then two or three pages later, we hear those same thoughts again. And again. Oh, and once more just in case you didn't fully understand Loretta's dilemma. The dialogue was also confusing since there were hardly ever any allusions to who was speaking. Instead, you find two or three pages of dialogue quotes going back and forth. Would it kill the editors to throw in a "Loretta said" or "Clark said" every once in a while?
Finally, I didn't think the Alda/Loretta relationship was that strong or deep. Alda spoke her mind to Loretta, Loretta took Alda in from the convent. Then they barely ever talk to each other, except behind the scenes. The book focused more on Clark and Loretta, which was a mistake because I never bought into the intensity of their relationship. History over time equals a deep and understanding love? Sure, if you bother to see one another more often than in passing once every few years.
It probably didn't help that I also found Clark Gable repulsive and couldn't understand why Loretta was yearning for him. Or that I am not familiar with old Hollywood and the movies associated with that time period.
All in all, this 400+ page internal dialogue was boring. Try THE SUPREME MACARONI COMPANY or THE SHOEMAKER'S WIFE instead. ...more
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Aug 26, 2015 Sarah Beth rated it it was ok
Shelves: harpercollins-advance-reader-copies
I received an advance reader's edition of this novel from HarperCollins.
This novel tells the fictional account of the relationship between actors Loretta Young and Clark Gable on the set of The Call of the Wild in 1935. Told largely through the perspective of Loretta and her secretary Alda, this novel portrays the world of Hollywood in its early years and imagines the behind the scenes romances that fans could only read about in tabloids.
I love the glamorous setting of this novel in the early y I received an advance reader's edition of this novel from HarperCollins.
I love the glamorous setting of this novel in the early years of Hollywood. Trigiani has revived almost forgotten scandals and stars in this novel and recalls the early years of movies in America. Additionally, the inclusion and focus on the character of Alda was an excellent addition to this story. Alda was a fascinating character since she had originally planned to become a nun and had worked delivering unmarried women's babies in the convent before leaving to work for Loretta Young. Her friendship and loyalty to Loretta added greatly to the story.
The most recent novel I read by Trigiani was The Supreme Macaroni Company and I was left wary of reading another of her novels. While I did find this novel to be more entertaining, it suffers from some of the same issues I had with her earlier novel, namely poor characterization and stilted plot development. This novel frequently jumps through time to cover the actors' whole lives and thus resorts to summaries of events and feelings rather than having the characters actually experience events. To me, the true drama of this novel is the dilemma over hiding Loretta's pregnancy from the press. I would have enjoyed a novel that focused on that and then jumped forward in time in the epilogue to reveal the ending of the Clark Gable and Loretta Young story. Yet in an effort to condense the full saga into one novel, the author has had to rely on summarized accounts of the relationships between characters, whole marriages and children, and background information that would have been more effective coming directly from the characters themselves or through the reader witnessing the events as they unfolded. In short, there was too much telling and not even showing.
Additionally, a major theme of this novel is male infidelity and the assumption among the characters that men are incapable of being loyal to their wives and families. This is seen throughout and even baldly stated by Loretta when she asks, "Is there a man in this world who could be faithful?" (349). In fact, there doesn't seem to be a single male character in the book who is faithful to his wife. I realize that this sadly seems to be a reality of celebrity life, but as a reader it was difficult to buy that Clark truly loved Loretta when he was constantly looking for his next woman, oblivious to his daughter, and constantly remarrying throughout the book. Alda's marriage is little better, since their relationship was rocky and full of arguments from the start. When her husband misses her, he reflects on what she has brought to his life: "Alda provided a closet full of pressed clothes, a cup of black coffee in bed every morning, a hot meal on the table every night, and someone to talk to about his frustrations at work" (280). Any paid servant could do the same. In other words, there was no genuine sign of true love and romance in this novel for me despite the author frequently reminding me of how true their love was.
Furthermore, it was doubly hard to buy into the "true love" between Loretta and Clark, knowing that in real life, Loretta accused Clark Gable of raping her. Obviously this is a fictionalized portrayal of events, but it was hard to dismiss the actual events' influence on my perception of their relationship. Obviously this is unproven and it would greatly degrade Clark Gable's name to even fictionalize him as a rapist. Yet if it is true, I can't imagine that Loretta Young would appreciate seeing her rapist portrayed as her one great love.
2.5 Stars ...more
Oct 08, 2015 Trisha Smith rated it really liked it
Shelves: italy, historical-fiction
See my review and others here: http://onceuponatime-bookblog.blogspo...
I was first introduced to Adriana Trigiani a little over two years ago when I read The Shoemaker's Wife. I really enjoyed that book and I loved this one too. I was a bit spectacle to start it - it got somewhat mixed reviews from what I've seen and there has been a lot a negative feedback due to the fact that Loretta Young's daughter-in-law publicly claimed that the birth of Loretta's daughter, Judy Lewis, had been 4 1/2 stars
I was first introduced to Adriana Trigiani a little over two years ago when I read The Shoemaker's Wife. I really enjoyed that book and I loved this one too. I was a bit spectacle to start it - it got somewhat mixed reviews from what I've seen and there has been a lot a negative feedback due to the fact that Loretta Young's daughter-in-law publicly claimed that the birth of Loretta's daughter, Judy Lewis, had been a result of date rape by Clark Gable and that they did not have an affair that had been previously assumed. I believe that this happened in 2015 - shortly before the book came out. Since this is a fictional account of the characters and their lives, I am going to base my review of the book on that and not the accuracy of the events - which I am assume that the author did not know about when the book was being written.
This novel was the story of two women - the famous movie star of the 1930s and 1940s, Loretta Young, and her secretary, Alda Ducci. They novel covered several decades of their always intertwining lives. I would have liked to see a little more character development of both women, but what really draw me into the novel was the writing of the setting and the time period - primarily Hollywood in the 1930s. I'm not sure if I would have gotten this as much if I had read the book instead of listening to the audio version, but what I loved most about the novel was the energy. From Loretta's life at home with her sisters and mother to the set of Call of the Wild, I could almost feel as if I were there. The sections focusing on Loretta were also a very interesting contrast to that of Alda - who was involved in show business, but in a much more simple and mostly removed way.
I felt for both women, who had their own set of life-long struggles and burdens to bare. And when Judy Lewis was born, I felt for her as well. Even though I understood the circumstances, I felt that it was unfair that she wasn't even given the option to know her father, especially when she grew older. Gable seemed to love Loretta (to an extent) and Judy, but - as the book states many times - he didn't know how to love them. And he knew nothing about how to be a good father or husband, despite the fact that he was married several times. Despite what was true and what wasn't, I really enjoyed this book: the energy, the setting, the characters, and the tragic love stories that I kept cheering on even though I ultimately knew the outcome.
And now to go watch some old Hollywood movies :)
"Everything was the same. Nothing had changed. Everything but the snow." ...more
Nov 27, 2015 Kylie rated it it was ok
At the end of the novel was a copyright disclaimer - that the book is a work of fiction and while many of the characters lived and worked in Hollywood, the storytelling around them in this novel is completely made up by the author.
And therein lies the problem.
If you are going to fictionalise the lives of real people, you need to make sure that they have been dead long enough that people are not going to feel uncomfortable, thinking about how this sort of book reads to the children of the people At the end of the novel was a copyright disclaimer - that the book is a work of fiction and while many of the characters lived and worked in Hollywood, the storytelling around them in this novel is completely made up by the author.
If you are going to fictionalise the lives of real people, you need to make sure that they have been dead long enough that people are not going to feel uncomfortable, thinking about how this sort of book reads to the children of the people in it. With so much of their lives is already made up by so-called entertainment journalists, having it further fictionalised must just be another stretch too far. Especially when something that has since been reported by Loretta Young's daughter to have been date rape is now treated as this grand romance. True or not, it is hardly something to make light of is it?
How much better might it have been if the characters were loosely based on the ideas of the past, but named something completely different. Mix in the world of the real, but firmly anchored in the world of fiction.
Although that would not have helped the somewhat stilted writing and internal discord either. Many times I had to flick back to check something as a few pages later, the absolute opposite was said (for example when Loretta marries, her new husband gives Judy a gift with a lovely letter, then within pages it becomes obvious that he barely tolerates the child, and treats her rather badly - so why romanticise the first, without showing why he would switch so quickly? No motives are given for any of these turn-abouts, and the book is full of them). Somehow anything of real drama is glossed over, and I felt that the whole story was very flat.
I had really enjoyed a previous book by Adriana Trigiani - Lucia, Lucia - so had great hopes for this. Now I recall that the same narrative device is used (bookended with a story teller starting and finishing the story), and I wonder if perhaps my previous rating was too generous. Disappointing from start to finish. ...more
Jan 11, 2019 Pamela rated it it was ok
Shelves: historical-fiction, womens-fiction, chick-lit, not-my-cup-of-tea, book-club, celebrities
This was a January bookclub pick, which gave members of our group much to talk about. A couple ladies enthusiastically liked everything about it. A couple more thought it good, but just marginally. The remainder, including myself, just couldn't warm up to the cast of characters; too superficially drawn with key events (true to their authentic lives) either glossed over or conveniently omitted and/or dramatically altered.
Two Stars, for me. Not Trigiani's best work, in my opinion.
Aug 24, 2015 Terri rated it really liked it
Shelves: edelweiss
Review also found at http://kristineandterri.blogspot.ca/2...
I received an advanced copy of this book from the publisher via Edelweiss in exchange for an honest review. The expected publication date is October 13th, 2015.
I have to admit that this story took me a long time to read. This is because I kept stopping to google the characters in the story. I have to be honest, the only one I had ever heard of was Clark Gable and that was only from one movie that to this day I don't believe I have eve Review also found at http://kristineandterri.blogspot.ca/2...
I have to admit that this story took me a long time to read. This is because I kept stopping to google the characters in the story. I have to be honest, the only one I had ever heard of was Clark Gable and that was only from one movie that to this day I don't believe I have ever seen from beginning to end in one sitting. One downfall of google is that I also knew how the story was going to play out.
This story was fascinating in how it depicted the era that was 1930's Hollywood. From all the leading men and woman, the glamorous lifestyles, and the double standards and hypocrisy that was the movies and its players. The stars of this era seem to stand alone as legends compared to the stars of today, perhaps because they are so much more accessible today than back then.
I really liked Loretta's spunk and how she cared for those in her life. I did not like how she fell for her leading men as none of them seemed right for her. In fact based on this story none of her choices were good. Although they did have some chemistry, I also didn't really feel Loretta and Clark together. I don't know why, perhaps his womanizing ways, the fact that he was married, or the fact that he just reads slime ball to me. As a side note, did the woman back in the day really swoon for him? I have seen a ton of photo's and he simply does not look like the attractive guy described and also looks like he could use a good shower in all of them. I am glad I have grown up on much better eye candy in show business!
That aside, this story was rather tragic. Although there is obviously artistic liberty taken with the storyline, it does outline the storyline of Loretta Young. The details of the story may have been different in real life but the outcome is the same. I enjoyed my time researching all of these characters just as much as reading the story.
One last thought. To address the elephant in the room as I have seen some mention in some other reviews. Some information has come to light that the romance between these two was perhaps not what it was depicted and that it was something a lot more dark with unpleasant consequences. This has dampened somes opinion of this story. As there is nobody alive to validate the facts I recommend to treat this story as it is meant to be...a work of fiction. This story could be just as entertaining if the characters had made up names.
I enjoyed this one!
Oct 04, 2015 Laurie Gold rated it did not like it
Shelves: hist-fiction
The author likely researched and wrote this book without knowledge of the news stories that broke a couple of months ago. According to Young's daughter-in-law, they were watching a date rape segment on Larry King Live and when Young learned what that was, she allegedly exclaimed, "That's what happened with me and Clark." That this book was published shortly after the news came out ... and there's no reason not to believe Young's daughter-in-law ... makes it horribly timed and I honestly wish the The author likely researched and wrote this book without knowledge of the news stories that broke a couple of months ago. According to Young's daughter-in-law, they were watching a date rape segment on Larry King Live and when Young learned what that was, she allegedly exclaimed, "That's what happened with me and Clark." That this book was published shortly after the news came out ... and there's no reason not to believe Young's daughter-in-law ... makes it horribly timed and I honestly wish the publisher had just yanked it. A dubious love story to begin with is now tainted by rape, and whether or not it's a whitewash or ignorance, who would want to read it knowing the truth? Reading it left a bad taste in my mouth because I could not separate the facts from the fiction. The facts sat there, looming like an elephant in the room.
So, it's not the author's fault that the book earned a single star from me, but that's not the point. ...more
Mar 28, 2018 Tracy rated it it was ok
I like old Hollywood and liked the idea of reading about Loretta Young who I honestly knew nothing about. Come to find out she started in Hollywood as a four year old little girl and really never stopped! Then, the mystery of her having a child with Clark Gable and not telling the truth about it until she was elderly...all very interesting!
Often there was too much description and "internal thinking" on the part of the characters which had me skimming the middle of the book. I did like the story I like old Hollywood and liked the idea of reading about Loretta Young who I honestly knew nothing about. Come to find out she started in Hollywood as a four year old little girl and really never stopped! Then, the mystery of her having a child with Clark Gable and not telling the truth about it until she was elderly...all very interesting!
Often there was too much description and "internal thinking" on the part of the characters which had me skimming the middle of the book. I did like the story line and wanted to know how it ended; it just could've been more A to B.
If you enjoy old Hollywood I think you'd be interested in the story. ...more
Nov 19, 2015 JoAnne Pulcino rated it it was ok
Shelves: adult-fiction
ALL THE STARS IN HEAVEN
Adriana Trigiana
Ms. Trigiana has long been a favorite author and I've enjoyed so many of her books I won't give up on her, but this was not her forte.
The author wrote a fairy tale version of the love affair of Clark Gable and Loretta Young and their child. Mr. Gable was notorious as a love them and leave them co star, and Ms. Young was obsessive about her virginal career and her Catholicism. Needless to say it was not a match made in heaven, but the novel makes you believe ALL THE STARS IN HEAVEN
The author wrote a fairy tale version of the love affair of Clark Gable and Loretta Young and their child. Mr. Gable was notorious as a love them and leave them co star, and Ms. Young was obsessive about her virginal career and her Catholicism. Needless to say it was not a match made in heaven, but the novel makes you believe that Ms. Young thought it was. Of course, they both went on to have extremely successful and long careers and prospered.
This is not the usual warm and incisive writing usually associated with Ms.
Trigiani, and a laborious read especially if you were aware of the story before reading the book.
Sep 13, 2015 Stephanie rated it it was amazing
Baby, It's Cold Outside: "All the Stars" in the Heavens by Adriana Trigiani
from the Militant Recommender Book review Blog:
http://militantrecommender.blogspot.com/
Adriana Trigiani's dishy, addictive new book, All the Stars in the Heavens, is a fictionalized look at one of Golden Age Hollywood's great (and sssshhhh... secretive!) love stories! The story of Loretta Young and Clark Gable. Anyone who grew up on the great films of that era in the movies or on TV or maybe on TCM will find this look in Baby, It's Cold Outside: "All the Stars" in the Heavens by Adriana Trigiani
Adriana Trigiani's dishy, addictive new book, All the Stars in the Heavens, is a fictionalized look at one of Golden Age Hollywood's great (and sssshhhh... secretive!) love stories! The story of Loretta Young and Clark Gable. Anyone who grew up on the great films of that era in the movies or on TV or maybe on TCM will find this look into their love and lives fascinating and you can imagine those larger than life figures acting exactly the way Ms. Trigiani captures them. Loretta, actually Gretchen, was one of four beautiful sisters raised by a single Mom who was a star in her own right, an interior designer to the stars. These amazing women lived and worked in the early days of the studios, all having jobs in the industry. Loretta was in film from the age of 4 and had made 50 movies by the time she met Clark and starred opposite him in William Wellman's "Call of the Wild". Loretta has been given a secretary in this story. A young woman from Italy who had been hoping to become a nun. Circumstances lead her to Ms. Young's employ and she acts as a witness to the drama unfolding both on and off camera in the wilds of Washington State on the wintery, snowy Mt. Baker. What happened on Mt. Baker stayed on Mt. Baker... to a degree, but you'll be in on the scoop as you follow the story to its moving conclusion. Highly recommended!
Dec 13, 2015 Laurel rated it really liked it
A beautifully researched and written historical fiction novel focusing on actress Loretta Young and her 1935 love affair with actor Clark Gable during the filming of the movie Call of the Wild. Trigiani's take on the famous "secret" affair (Gable was married at the time) and their child will be an eye opener for some.
Based on facts and including many Hollywood names from the Golden Age of film, readers will be swept up in the era and the lives of many of the famous and fabulous. The love of the A beautifully researched and written historical fiction novel focusing on actress Loretta Young and her 1935 love affair with actor Clark Gable during the filming of the movie Call of the Wild. Trigiani's take on the famous "secret" affair (Gable was married at the time) and their child will be an eye opener for some.
Based on facts and including many Hollywood names from the Golden Age of film, readers will be swept up in the era and the lives of many of the famous and fabulous. The love of the subject and the detail of characterization is evident on every page. I found Trigiani's channeling of Gable's "voice" through the novel especially gratifying, but found the plot at times slow and ponderous, burdened by a devotion by the author to tell the Young/Gable story in such detail. If I have one niggling complaint, it is with the pacing.
Some readers will be aware of the new information about the actual events regarding the couple's sexual relationship that came out after this book was put to bed with its publisher. While this could have changed Trigiani's decision to write this book at all, I am glad that she did not re-write it or pull it all together.
Regardless, this is a fictionalization of the most famous love affair that could never be more than that, and their secret love child that grew up never knowing, beyond gossip, who her father was.
Laurel Ann, Austenprose ...more
Aug 12, 2015 Christina (Confessions of a Book Addict) rated it really liked it
Shelves: for-review, adult-historical-fiction, arc
It's 1935 and it's the Golden Age of Hollywood. Loretta Young is a young actress living at home with her mother and sisters. She has already been in many successful movies and hires a new assistant named Alda. Alda has just left the St. Elizabeth's Infant Hospital where she assisted many unwed mothers, but has recently been let go, because the nun in charge felt she wasn't the best fit. Instead she set her up with a job as Loretta Young's secretary. It's a good fit, because Loretta is known to b It's 1935 and it's the Golden Age of Hollywood. Loretta Young is a young actress living at home with her mother and sisters. She has already been in many successful movies and hires a new assistant named Alda. Alda has just left the St. Elizabeth's Infant Hospital where she assisted many unwed mothers, but has recently been let go, because the nun in charge felt she wasn't the best fit. Instead she set her up with a job as Loretta Young's secretary. It's a good fit, because Loretta is known to be a devout Roman Catholic. Alda's life changes completely as she goes from living a simple life as an almost-nun to living at Loretta's luxurious mansion. The two women hit it off instantly and Loretta introduces Alda to Hollywood. Alda helps Loretta navigate the rough seas of Hollywood, the many failed romances with her leading men, and even accompanies her to the far-off set of The Call of the Wild starring the infamous and utterly charming Clark Gable. What happens on set will change both women's lives forever. Adriana Trigiani's All the Stars in the Heavens is an interesting glimpse into Old Hollywood as well as the star-crossed relationship between Clark Gable and Loretta Young.
Read the rest of my review here:
http://www.confessionsofabookaddict.c... ...more
May 02, 2015 Jenny Belk rated it it was amazing
I was interested in reading this new Adriana Trigiani book when I read the synopsis. Having read her books, I knew this would be a treat. It reads like a movie itself. It's based on the true story of Clark Gable and Loretta Young's tumultuous love affair, of which I knew nothing about. This books sizzles with glamour, romance, and heartache. It's the Golden Age in Hollywood and beautiful actresses compete for leading roles in blockbuster films among the picks- Loretta, Carole Lombard, Rosalind R I was interested in reading this new Adriana Trigiani book when I read the synopsis. Having read her books, I knew this would be a treat. It reads like a movie itself. It's based on the true story of Clark Gable and Loretta Young's tumultuous love affair, of which I knew nothing about. This books sizzles with glamour, romance, and heartache. It's the Golden Age in Hollywood and beautiful actresses compete for leading roles in blockbuster films among the picks- Loretta, Carole Lombard, Rosalind Russell, and Myrna Loy.
This book kept me up late. It's a delightful romp through an unforgettable era
of cinematography. You will laugh and you will cry. Adriana has written another wonderful book.
Aug 31, 2018 Sterlingcindysu rated it liked it
I didn't know *anything* about Loretta Young and very little about Clark Gable so I think Trigiani did a great job in spinning a yarn about their friendship. If a writer's goal is to make a reader aware of a whole new world, then mission accomplished.
Of course Trigiani always has an Italian family (at least in the stories I've read) and this is no exception...but I wish she had just concentrated on the Hollywood stars. She would have stepped out of her comfort zone but I think the story was str I didn't know *anything* about Loretta Young and very little about Clark Gable so I think Trigiani did a great job in spinning a yarn about their friendship. If a writer's goal is to make a reader aware of a whole new world, then mission accomplished.
Of course Trigiani always has an Italian family (at least in the stories I've read) and this is no exception...but I wish she had just concentrated on the Hollywood stars. She would have stepped out of her comfort zone but I think the story was strong enough without having a secondary story.
(getting out soapbox) That introduction and epilogue just annoyed me. I'd forgotten about the intro by the time the epilogue was read, and I had an huh? moment. In fact this book came very close to my 59 page trial period where I decide to keep going or not. Readers want to get right to the story. OK, I'm older, but I'm not going to remember characters who aren't mentioned for 435 pages.
Jun 15, 2018 Michelle rated it it was amazing · review of another edition
Shelves: 40s-50s, historical, 2018, celebrity-hollywood
I've long been a fan of Adriana Trigiani and when one trade review compared my latest book to this one, naturally I had to pick it up! And I must say, I greatly appreciate the compliment. This book is about the affair between Loretta Young and Clark Gable and although it was on the longer side, I was immediately captivated and read it in one day. I liked the angle she took with telling this from the secretary's point of view. A fabulous read for historical fiction fans, especially those interest I've long been a fan of Adriana Trigiani and when one trade review compared my latest book to this one, naturally I had to pick it up! And I must say, I greatly appreciate the compliment. This book is about the affair between Loretta Young and Clark Gable and although it was on the longer side, I was immediately captivated and read it in one day. I liked the angle she took with telling this from the secretary's point of view. A fabulous read for historical fiction fans, especially those interested in Old Hollywood. ...more
Oct 25, 2015 Raven Haired Girl added it
Shelves: 2015
With the resent accusation Loretta Young made known I struggled with this book, my reading experience was blighted despite my best efforts. In light of the revelation made public, I am surprised Trigiani went ahead with this book, even more surprised it's still circulating. I feel for the family as I'm sure they question the reasoning and timing of Trigiani's version of events.
Trigiani rewinds the hands of time and takes the reader to the glamorous days of Hollywood along with the stars shining With the resent accusation Loretta Young made known I struggled with this book, my reading experience was blighted despite my best efforts. In light of the revelation made public, I am surprised Trigiani went ahead with this book, even more surprised it's still circulating. I feel for the family as I'm sure they question the reasoning and timing of Trigiani's version of events.
Trigiani rewinds the hands of time and takes the reader to the glamorous days of Hollywood along with the stars shining bright during this era. The scandals, secrets, truths all present and accounted for as we are privy to center stage and backstage behavior. Alda Ducci serving as former nun turned secretary to Loretta Young played a vital role in the story. I found the blooming friendship between the two women authentic, the report grounded the narrative as Alda proved to be a fascinating character. Quasi parallel 'love story's' between the two women but nowhere near similar.
The narrative was far from a love story in my opinion. Infidelity, numerous marriages, love occurring on a whim, it all felt sullied and frivolous. It is a wonder these marriages failed with the beliefs and conduct demonstrated. Poor choices and decisions being the root cause for the demise of many of these relationships. The dialog felt off, stilted, the interaction between characters wooden and dramatically contrived.
Loretta Young came across as a woman constantly choosing the wrong men, always falling for men unavailable in all ways. Her religious convictions and her actions caused great hypocrisy not matching with her true character. The connection written between Loretta Young and Clark Gable was far from a love story, perhaps it was due to much more telling than showing. I never felt sparks or passion but there sure was an onslaught of words telling me they were the loves of each other's lives. The narrative fetters along, it is far too lengthy as well, omitting 100 pages might have helped.
I realize this was a fictional account yet I couldn't dismiss Young's indictment thus influencing my reading. Regardless of the allegation I was disappointed, this in not the Trigiani writing I am familiar with, definitely not her usual high-caliber.
Visit Raven Haired Girl for more reviews & giveaways ...more
Nov 03, 2018 Laini rated it liked it
Shelves: historical-fiction, hollywood
I wanted to like this so much more than I did. Considering I write in the same genre, I was prepared to be taking notes on what I needed to do that maybe I wasn't already.
The first 1/3 I loved. Lots of great detail about old Hollywood and the stars within. But then cracks started to show.
I've never been a big Loretta Young fan anyway. From what I've read, she pushed her religion on everyone else (something I can't stand). This book makes her a bit more likable, but it wasn't very realistic to I wanted to like this so much more than I did. Considering I write in the same genre, I was prepared to be taking notes on what I needed to do that maybe I wasn't already.
I've never been a big Loretta Young fan anyway. From what I've read, she pushed her religion on everyone else (something I can't stand). This book makes her a bit more likable, but it wasn't very realistic to me. She loves Gable, but pushes him away. That plot device never ceases to annoy me. I know I know....she's trying to protect her career. But she was being a total bitch to him. If she really loved him as she said she did, they could conveniently not meet but be in touch through their intermediaries and try to keep the connection going. She wouldn't, but then was mad that he moved onto Carole Lombard? Yeah...not buying that.
Also, I ran across a laughable error at the beginning of Chapter 11. In the first paragraph, Clark is driving in his "forest-green Jaguar convertible", but then 3 paragraphs later, he "drove up to the portico on Sunset House in his Duesenberg." Oops! Editor, you're fired.
The last quarter was the worst. It is literally ALL tell, not show. This guy dies, then that guy dies, then this happens, then that happens. For over TWENTY YEARS! The first part of the book takes its leisurely time introducing Loretta, Alda, and all the other characters, but the last part races downhill at breakneck speed.
I'm still trying to figure out what the prologue and epilogue had to do with anything. If you're going to write about old Hollywood, WRITE about old Hollywood. This was a story about Loretta and Clark and Judy. In my opinion, those wasted pages dedicated to the modern day would have been better served fleshing out the people and situations between the 1940s and 1990s. I would love to have seen a big fight between Judy and her stepfather. There was all this tension there....show us why she hated him so much! Show us the strain on the relationship between mother and daughter because of this big secret. Show us Judy's curiosity about where she came from, and THEN Loretta's eventual forced confession.
So disappointed. ...more
Oct 06, 2015 Eve rated it really liked it
Shelves: amzn, advance
All the Stars in the Heavens is a wonderfully apt title for this sprawling novel set in 1930s Hollywood, with a cast of characters that include Clark Gable, David Niven, Spencer Tracy and the star of the novel – Loretta Young. I have been a fan since I watched an old video of The Crusades by Cecil B. DeMille in which she was just luminous, with her large, long-lashed eyes and sweet beauty. I watched a clip on Youtube recently and I had to cringe and laugh at it, except for Young – she was as exq All the Stars in the Heavens is a wonderfully apt title for this sprawling novel set in 1930s Hollywood, with a cast of characters that include Clark Gable, David Niven, Spencer Tracy and the star of the novel – Loretta Young. I have been a fan since I watched an old video of The Crusades by Cecil B. DeMille in which she was just luminous, with her large, long-lashed eyes and sweet beauty. I watched a clip on Youtube recently and I had to cringe and laugh at it, except for Young – she was as exquisite as ever.
I was not aware of Young's relationships/friendships with various leading men and so I had to Google as I read Trigiani's fictionalized account, wondering how much of it was true. With some shock and discomfort, I read how after her death, Young's family claimed she said her illegitimate daughter with Gable was a result of date rape. If that was true, then this romantic account (however fictionalized) would be inappropriate, to say the least. But, bear in mind that Young and her family were very devout Catholics. Young never publicly acknowledged the affair nor did she ever acknowledge her "adopted" daughter as her and Gable's biological offspring. In fact, according to Young's daughter, Young only admitted it upon being confronted by her and never spoke of it again. So there was a decades-long, determined effort to hide the relationship. Could her family have been keeping up appearances for propriety and religious purposes by claiming rape on her behalf? Maybe. Since Young herself never publicly spoke about the whole thing, we will never know.
Setting aside that unfortunate dissonance, All the Stars in the Heavens was full of juicy, behind-the-scenes chapters about the early days of Hollywood, how movies are made- and how stars are made.
Sep 15, 2017 Jean Cole rated it it was ok
Shelves: 2017-aty
Given the setting (the Golden Age of Hollywood) and the cast of characters (none other than Loretta Young, Spencer Tracy, Clark Gable and others) I was pretty disappointed. This is purported to be the story of the grand love affair between Ms. Young and Mr. Gable. A side story is that of Ms. Young's personal secretary, Alda, and the love of her life, Luca Chetta, a sought-after scene painter. I googled my way through this, trying to determine how much of the story is supported by fact. As it tur Given the setting (the Golden Age of Hollywood) and the cast of characters (none other than Loretta Young, Spencer Tracy, Clark Gable and others) I was pretty disappointed. This is purported to be the story of the grand love affair between Ms. Young and Mr. Gable. A side story is that of Ms. Young's personal secretary, Alda, and the love of her life, Luca Chetta, a sought-after scene painter. I googled my way through this, trying to determine how much of the story is supported by fact. As it turns out, most of it. Ms. Young had an affair with Mr. Gable when she was in her early 20s and he was married and in his 30s. This affair produced a child, which in those days, would have meant the end of Ms. Young's career. The aftermath of this affair and the lengths to which Ms. Young went to hide the truth about her daughter form the basis of most of this book. I've tried, but I can't determine whether Alda actually existed. It seems that Luca Chetta did.
Unfortunately, I found the writing to be clunky and awkward and the characters to be hollow and soulless. I noticed at some point that the entire narrative consisted of declarative sentences.
"Alda raced home after the radio broadcast to pack for Loretta's weekend trip to San Francisco. Usually Loretta took the train, but this weekend she would drive, because she planned to stay an extra day. Ruby had backed a hamper of food to take to San Francisco."
This style of writing wore on me after a while.
That, and the notion that Loretta, a supposedly devout Catholic, who engaged in at least one and maybe two affairs with married men, was unfailingly kind and generous to everyone around her just didn't seem believable. We're also supposed to believe that the Young/Gable love affair was the true love of each of their lives, despite the fact that Gable married Carole Lombard and from most other accounts, was devastated by her sudden death in a plane crash. And the fact that Gable never acknowledged or had anything to do with his daughter by Young, Judy.
Sorry, this one gets a big "meh" from me. ...more
Apr 12, 2017 Victoria rated it it was amazing
This book was incredible -- I knew about the story of Loretta Young and Clark Gable but not in the colourful and vivid way it's told in this book. I also had no idea that the novel would cover as much ground as it does -- it moves from the 1930's right into the 1960's, with so many familiar names and personalities.
Sep 12, 2018 Yvonne rated it really liked it
It was a different type of book for me, but I really loved the story!
Jul 20, 2015 Vicki rated it really liked it
Got to confess that all I have read is the preview the author graciously shared with fans at the Gala Author Tea at ALA in San Francisco. Look forward to reading every page when it's published!
Adriana Trigiani, was the last and by far the funniest speaker at the GALA Author Tea at the ALA Conference in San Francisco.. She told us about producing a movie of her book, Big Stone Gap, which opens on October 9.
She gave us a "Special ALA Preview" of her upcoming book, All The Stars In The Heavens, a Got to confess that all I have read is the preview the author graciously shared with fans at the Gala Author Tea at ALA in San Francisco. Look forward to reading every page when it's published!
She gave us a "Special ALA Preview" of her upcoming book, All The Stars In The Heavens, a novel based on the golden age of the movie industry and the studio system. It is rich in glamor, romance, and secrets, and includes the stars and the behind the scenes workers who made the magic happen. If you ever have the chance to hear this woman, don't pass it up. She works the room like nobody's business, hilarious and then just grabs your heart with her sincerity.
Review of complete Book:
Little Gretchen Young, a precocious fun loving child of the early days of movie-making in Hollywood, appeared in her first movie at the age of 4. By her late teens, she is known as Loretta Young, having transitioned from child/extra to star of multiple movies. Author Adriana Trigiani, having done her research, has written a fictionalized version of Loretta's life, both professional and private, and calls it All The Stars In The Heavens.
This is the golden era of movie making and the studios call the shots. Loretta is a contract actress, meaning she has a relationship with a movie studio which has the power to make or break her career, depending on whether she follows the direction they set for her. She works regularly and still enjoys it. Her friends are people she works with on the lot. She lives with her mother, a successful decorator, three sisters and a brother in a beautiful Hollywood home which is partially paid for by Loretta's movie work, which is fine with her.
Loretta is a practicing Catholic, but it does not keep her from falling into romantic relationships with leading men, though they are frequently also married men. The big stars avoid scandal because the powerful studios can squelch rumors (or make them up out of whole cloth) by virtue of their relationships with gossip columnists and movie magazines.
But in spite of her faith, Loretta finds the charms of Clark Gable, her leading man in Call of the Wild, too overwhelming to resist. He is married and around 12 years older, but they fall head over heels and are inseparable for the duration of the shoot. When they return to Hollywood, Loretta is stunned to find out she is pregnant. Clark's wife refuses to give him a divorce and the contract Clark and Loretta have each signed has a morals clause that they have clearly violated. Loretta knows that Clark is such a big money maker for the studios that they would cover for him but if she reveals that she is carrying a love child, her career is over; her reputation ruined. So with the collaboration of her family and closest friends, she finds a way to carry the baby to term and deliver her precious daughter in secret.
By contrast we also come to know Alda Ducci, an Italian girl who has spent several years in a convent before coming to live with and work for Loretta. They become close friends, so close that Alda is Loretta's touchstone for truth and integrity. Alda harbors some secrets of her own, and knows not to betray the secret that Loretta has entrusted to her.
Time passes quickly and Loretta eventually "adopts" her daughter, but keeps the identity of the father a secret. Her career continues to flourish, but she moves more into radio and then into the newest media, television.
Trigiani is clearly a movie star fan herself, accepting their "right" to a different standard of behavior than mere mortals. Clark Gable comes across as a good guy, even as he moves from woman to woman, failing to keep promises or accept responsibility for his behavior. The only "bad guys" seem to be the bitter wives who are humiliated and don't take defeat well, and perhaps the man Loretta marries later to make a family for her daughter. It's an interesting exploration of a glamorous time in Hollywood that has come and gone. Many famous names are "dropped," as Loretta's life story is revealed.
If you are a fan, you may enjoy this detailed saga too.
The book goes on sale October 2015, so be watching for it. It just might feature Loretta Young and maybe Clark Gable. I am eager for Adriana to fill in the details of the very intriguing story she begins to reveal in the Special Preview. This is an author who always makes the wait worthwhile! ...more
Aug 27, 2015 Jo Dervan rated it really liked it
Loretta Young was a young starlet when the fictional biography began. Loretta had been in 50 films dating back to her first at the age of 4. She and her Mom and sisters and brother all lived together in Sunset House, an imposing house near Hollywood. Loretta's father had abandoned her mother when she was born and her stepfather had also left while she was a child.
So it is no surprise that a woman like Loretta, raised by her single mother, would take firm control of her career but also have so ma Loretta Young was a young starlet when the fictional biography began. Loretta had been in 50 films dating back to her first at the age of 4. She and her Mom and sisters and brother all lived together in Sunset House, an imposing house near Hollywood. Loretta's father had abandoned her mother when she was born and her stepfather had also left while she was a child.
So it is no surprise that a woman like Loretta, raised by her single mother, would take firm control of her career but also have so many romantic problems. The two great loves of her life were both married men. The first was Spencer Tracey and the second Clark Gable. Although the affair with Tracey was platonic, the brief affair with Gable resulted in a pregnancy.
Gable was married and his career may have suffered if he acknowledged the affair. So Young faked an illness and went to to Europe with her assistant, Alda, for most of the pregnancy. Gable never acknowledged the child, Judy. He visited Judy shortly after her birth and again when she was 15. However Judy did not learn of her paternity until she was in her 30s and demanded that Loretta tell her.
This book gives an insight into the studio system that controlled the lives of Hollywood actors from the 1930s until the early 1950s. Loretta Young was a major player in that system and was friends with many of the stars of that golden era of Hollywood. As the new medium, television, became popular, an older Loretta Young became one of the first weekly television stars. ...more
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Around the Year i...: All the Stars in the Heavens, by Adriana Trigiani 1 23 Feb 18, 2016 08:33AM
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About Adriana Trigiani
Beloved by millions of readers around the world for her "dazzling" novels (USA Today), Adriana Trigiani is "a master of palpable and visual detail" (Washington Post) and "a comedy writer with a heart of gold" (New York Times). She is the New York Times bestselling author of eighteen books in fiction and nonfiction, published in 38 languages, making her one of the most sought after speakers in the Beloved by millions of readers around the world for her "dazzling" novels (USA Today), Adriana Trigiani is "a master of palpable and visual detail" (Washington Post) and "a comedy writer with a heart of gold" (New York Times). She is the New York Times bestselling author of eighteen books in fiction and nonfiction, published in 38 languages, making her one of the most sought after speakers in the world of books today.
Adriana is also an award-winning film director and screenwriter, playwright, and television writer and producer. Her screen adaptation of her bestselling novel Very Valentine premiered on Lifetime television in June 2019, launching their National Book Club. In 2018, she directed the feature film Then Came You, filmed on location in the Highlands of Scotland. She wrote and directed the award-winning major motion picture Big Stone Gap, based on her debut novel, filmed entirely on location in her Virginia hometown. Big Stone Gap spent 11 weeks in theatres in the fall of 2015 and was the #2 top-grossing romantic comedy of the year. She wrote and directed the documentary film, Queens of the Big Time, winner of the Audience Award at the Hamptons and Palm Springs International Film Festivals. Adriana co-founded The Origin Project, an in-school writing program which serves over 1,700 students in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. She lives in New York City with her family.
Join Adriana on Facebook and Instagram @AdrianaTrigiani or visit her website: AdrianaTrigiani.com.
Books by Adriana Trigiani
Trivia About All the Stars in ...
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Quotes from All the Stars in ...
"She told me something that has stayed with me. Ferber said, 'Beware the clowns.' The leaders who start out as jokes—people make fun of them, they're caricatures, cartoons in newspapers, and people decide they are harmless. Those men are the most dangerous. The day comes when they use their power against their own people." Alda" — 9 likes
"Nobody ever told me that motherhood was temporary. You think you have years and years with them, but the truth is, you don't." — 2 likes


Time for another photo interlude here at Wigwam. Due to technical difficulties with our on site slideshow app, we have created an album on google for you.
I make my way across the Hudson River twice a day most days. Last week, with sustained colder temperatures, the waters were finally showing signs of significant ice formation, especially on the shallower eastern (Beacon) shoreline. But a couple of days in the 50s and most of that has already disappeared. If the milder weather holds up, the ferry could see uninterrupted service this winter. Last year it was out of commission for almost 2 months.
Also at least once a week I like to do the Beacon Loop Trail. Sometimes I'll park and explore a section on foot. Mingled in with the shots from the bridge are a few pictures taken the last day of January from the shoreline near Dennings Point.
Please click the link below to enjoy the photos!
Nice picture! Looking at the river this year compared to how much ice was on it this time last year makes it hard to believe. Very strange weather!
Mother Nature sure is strange. Thank you for sharing.


bNeurology (K.M., W.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Case reports demonstrate that coiling of a sigmoid sinus diverticulum can treat pulsatile tinnitus. We hypothesized that MR imaging 4D flow and computational fluid dynamics would reveal distinct blood flow patterns in the venous outflow tract in these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with pulsatile tinnitus of suspected venous etiology underwent MR imaging at 3T, using venous phase contrast-enhanced MR angiography, 4D flow, and 2D phase contrast. The contrast-enhanced MRA contours were evaluated to determine the presence and extent of a sigmoid sinus diverticulum. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed using the 4D flow inlet flow and the luminal contours from contrast-enhanced MRA as boundary conditions. In addition, computational fluid dynamics was performed for the expected post treatment conditions by smoothing the venous geometry to exclude the sigmoid sinus diverticulum from the anatomic boundary conditions. Streamlines were generated from the 4D flow and computational fluid dynamics velocity maps, and flow patterns were examined for the presence of rotational components.
RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with pulsatile tinnitus of suspected venous etiology and 10 control subjects were enrolled. Five (20%) of the symptomatic subjects had sigmoid sinus diverticula, all associated with an upstream stenosis. In each of these patients, but none of the controls, a stenosis-related flow jet was directed toward the opening of the sigmoid sinus diverticulum with rotational flow patterns in the sigmoid sinus diverticulum and parent sigmoid sinus on both 4D flow and computational fluid dynamics.
CONCLUSIONS: Consistent patterns of blood flow can be visualized in a sigmoid sinus diverticulum and the parent sinus using 4D flow and computational fluid dynamics. Strong components of rotational blood flow were seen in subjects with sigmoid sinus diverticula that were absent in controls.
Tinnitus is the auditory perception of sound in the absence of an extracorporeal source, which affects millions of Americans.1 Patients' lives can be severely impacted by tinnitus, and it is not uncommon for patients to have insomnia, depression, or even suicidal ideations because of their tinnitus.2⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–9 A subset of tinnitus is rhythmic, termed "pulsatile tinnitus" (PT). PT accounts for up to 10% of patients with tinnitus.10⇓–12 Some causes of PT are associated with a very high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, or blindness. Even the more benign causes of PT have a very high association with debilitating comorbid psychiatric disease. Some causes of PT can be treated. In our experience, treating an underlying cause of PT not only alleviates the risks of hemorrhage, stroke, or blindness but can also mitigate the comorbid psychiatric disease. Thus, identifying and treating causes of PT can be very beneficial to patients.
However, the exact pattern of blood flow in patients with SSD has not been studied. Two recent approaches provide the ability to explore the flow patterns in complex vascular geometries. One is direct measurement of the velocity field using MR imaging techniques; the other is using a numeric simulation approach to compute the velocity field. Advances in MR imaging have facilitated the visualization of the 3D velocity field of blood flow through the cardiac cycle. We have adapted these techniques for imaging the flow patterns in the transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, and the internal jugular vein near to and including the jugular bulb (a region of venous sinus anatomy we will refer to as the SSIJ) using 3T MR imaging.23⇓–25 Alternatively, with known boundary conditions (ie, the luminal surface and the inlet flow waveform), numeric simulations (computational fluid dynamics [CFD]) can be used to calculate the velocity field. The aim of this study was to apply these techniques to subjects with SSD and evaluate the blood flow patterns in this venous anomaly. We hypothesize that subjects with PT with SSD demonstrate a distinct flow pattern in the SSIJ and SSD that is absent in control subjects.
We prospectively performed MR imaging analysis on adult patients with suspected venous etiology of pulsatile tinnitus and control subjects without pulsatile tinnitus using a study protocol approved by our institutional review board. All patients signed written informed consent to participate in this study.
Patients were recruited from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Pulsatile Tinnitus Clinic. The UCSF Pulsatile Tinnitus Clinic is a multispecialty clinic that evaluates patients with PT. PT was suspected to be of venous etiology if the patient described a low-pitched, pulse-synchronous PT that improved with ipsilateral neck compression and potential arterial (or other) etiologies (such as carotid atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, tumor, or dural arteriovenous fistula) were not identified on prior imaging studies. All patients underwent the UCSF Pulsatile Tinnitus Clinic MR imaging and MRA protocol, which included brain MR imaging with fat-saturated postcontrast sequences, time-of-flight MRA of the head, time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA of the neck through the circle of Willis, and postcontrast spoiled gradient-recalled imaging to evaluate venous sinus anatomy.
The imaging protocol used in this study is an adaptation of contrast-enhanced MRA and 4D flow (4DF) described in prior articles.23⇓–25 High-resolution contrast-enhanced MRA was performed on a 3T Magnetom Skyra scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). A 3D time-resolved imaging with a stochastic trajectory timing run with a 2-mL gadolinium bolus was used to determine the venous phase of contrast opacification as the point when the contrast first appears in the distal transverse sinus. The full contrast-enhanced MRA study was then performed with a 20-mL injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent at 2 mL/s with an acquisition time of 35 seconds. Images had 0.7-mm isotropic resolution covering an FOV of 280 × 180 mm with an 84-mm-thick slab. Image acquisition used an elliptic centric k-space ordering with the center of k-space synchronized to the venous phase as determined from the timing run. Following acquisition of the MRA, a finger-pulse-triggered 4D MR velocimetry study (4DF) was acquired at a 1.3-mm isotropic resolution and 32-mm slab coverage. Subsequently, 2D phase contrast was acquired in a slice transverse to the vessel in the mid-transverse sinus and proximal to any stenosis if one was present. Phase contrast in-plane resolution was 0.65 × 065 mm.
The contrast-enhanced MRA vein and 4D MR velocimetry datasets were segmented using Clem-volume, an in-house software package. The velocity field, streamlines, path lines, vorticity, and helicity maps were generated from these data using Paraview (Kitware, Clifton Park, New York). In addition, a numeric simulation of the velocity field (ie, a CFD analysis) was performed using the contrast-enhanced MRA for the luminal surface boundary conditions and the inlet flow condition as acquired from the 2D phase contrast study. Several assumptions were made in our CFD analysis, including Newtonian flow, steady flow conditions, pressure of 0 cm H2O at the outlet of the modeled segment, and rigid walls, as per our previously published method.24 To investigate the effects of an interventional treatment on the velocity field, we altered the geometry to provide a simulated, smooth, and continuous luminal surface that excluded the SSD. Path lines and streamlines were generated from the CFD-predicted velocity field.
The streamlines were extracted and visualized in Paraview, using seed points dispersed throughout the flow domain. As can be seen in the figures, regions of recirculating or vortical flow were identified by visual inspection.
Twenty-five patients with a suspected venous etiology of PT and 10 control subjects without PT were imaged using our protocol. Of the 25, five (20%) had an SSD identified on MRA (Table). Streamlines of the CFD- and 4DF-resolved velocity field images for the 5 patients with SSD and 1 control subject are shown in Fig 1. All SSDs had a bulbous shape directed away from the flow in the upstream sinus, either laterally or anteriorly, and all were associated with an upstream stenosis with a flow jet directed toward the SSD opening.
MRA isosurface MIP rendering, CFD-predicted flow fields, and 4D-flow MR imaging from 6 subjects. The first subject is a control subject. The other 5 are subjects clinically suspected of having a venous cause for pulsatile tinnitus who were found to have a sigmoid sinus diverticulum on MRA. The following observations are made in symptomatic subjects with a sigmoid diverticulum: 1) high velocity flow jet in an upstream stenosis in the transverse sinus directed at the SSD opening; 2) a flow jet into the SSD along the long axis of the SSD, either anteriorly or laterally directed; 3) a vortex of flow in the SSD; and 4) a strong vortex component of flow in the sigmoid sinus from the SSD. In the control subject, none of these flow components were present.
In vivo measurement of blood flow in the SSIJ revealed some commonalities among patients with SSD: 1) a high-velocity flow jet is demonstrated at the stenosis in the transverse sinus, directed distally at the SSD opening; 2) the flow jet into the SSD is oriented along the long axis of the SSD (either anteriorly or laterally directed); 3) there is a vortical flow in the SSD; 4) a large component of rotational flow is present in the sigmoid sinus downstream from the SSD; and 5) none of these flow features were seen in the SSIJ of control subjects.
The flow patterns observed in the CFD analysis were very similar to those identified by 4DF. The flow jets through the stenoses, the vortices of flow in the SSD, and the flow recirculation in the sigmoid sinuses were all comparable between modalities. While the gross flow features were similar, there were some minor differences in the velocity fields resolved by 4DF and CFD in certain locations.
CFD analysis was performed on the expected post treatment geometries lacking SSDs and demonstrated the absence of flow recirculation in the parent sinus. Subject 2 elected to have surgical resurfacing of her SSD, which resulted in resolution of her PT symptoms. This subject subsequently underwent repeat MR imaging evaluation using our protocol. No flow was identified at the site of the prior SSD, and recirculation was no longer present in the parent sinus. The pre- and post treatment 4DF and CFD flow fields based on the pre- and post treatment MRA are shown in Fig 2. The SSD was excluded from the flow domain to simulate resurfacing of the pretreatment sinus geometry, and CFD was performed. For this simulated post-treatment geometry, the flow jet through the stenosis remained unchanged but the vortices in the sigmoid sinus downstream from the diverticulum remained.
MRA, CFD simulation, and 4D-flow MR imaging from subject 2 before and after surgical exclusion of her sigmoid sinus diverticulum, which resulted in resolution of symptoms. There was an absence of flow in the SSD as well as lack of a vortex in the downstream sigmoid sinus. Only the SSD was excluded from the CFD flow domain. Thus, the flow jet through the proximal stenosis is unchanged.
We present a case series of 5 subjects with suspected venous PT and SSD in whom we imaged the anatomy and blood flow of the venous anomaly as well as the parent sinus using contrast-enhanced MRA and 4DF, and we also performed CFD analysis. All SSDs had similar anatomic and flow imaging, consisting of a bulbous outpouching projecting anteriorly or laterally from the sigmoid sinus, with the long axis of the SSD in the direction of a flow jet through the upstream transverse sinus stenosis. This study was an observational analysis that provides an illustration of the ability of imaging and computational methods to visualize complex flow patterns present in patients with venous diverticula. To have a clinical impact, inclusion of a broader range of geometrically varying SSDs is needed to provide a definitive link between geometry and flow and subsequently to the manifestation of PT symptoms.
While 4DF has been used fairly extensively in the vasculature, it has found the greatest application on the arterial side. To develop confidence in the 4DF measurement of the velocity field in the tortuous venous anatomy, we also performed numeric simulations of the flow fields using a CFD approach. Both 4DF and CFD demonstrated comparable flow patterns consisting of a flow jet through the stenosis, a vortex of flow in the SSD, and an additional vortex of flow in the parent sigmoid sinus. One case of repeat 4DF and CFD after SSD surgical exclusion, which resulted in cessation of PT, demonstrated an absence of flow in the SSD as well as resolution of the vortex of flow in the sigmoid sinus.
Previous publications have demonstrated the ability to evaluate flow in the SSIJ of patients with pulsatile tinnitus using both in vivo and patient-specific flow models,23 evaluate flow differences in the SSIJ of subjects with and without PT using CFD,24 and provide an overview of the varying flow patterns that can be seen in subjects with PT with different SSIJ anatomies using 4DF.25 Levitt et al26 used patient-specific MR imaging and catheter-obtained pressure measurements to generate CFD models of transverse sinus stenoses. The current work expands on prior articles by systematically reviewing a series of subjects with an anatomic aberration, SSD. In addition, we are the first group to evaluate flow in the dural venous sinuses of patients to establish the boundary conditions for the inlet flow conditions of our CFD analysis. This work also includes pre- and postsurgical evaluation of flow using both 4DF and CFD. In keeping with our group's prior publications of blood flow evaluation in the cerebral venous structures, we have again identified several interesting flow features in these patients.
The role that these flow patterns, specifically the vortices in the SSD and parent sinus, play in sound generation in patients with SSD and PT is unclear, and in fact, they may play no role at all. It is conceivable that turbulent flow downstream of the stenosis, within the SSD or at the outlet of the SSD, may contribute to sound generation. However, the unique pattern of flow presented in this work has not been previously demonstrated, to our knowledge. Our hope is to eventually use this technique to prospectively identify patients whose PT would be well-treated with surgical or endovascular exclusion of the SSD.
All subjects with SSDs had a concomitant transverse sinus stenosis. Transverse sinus stenosis has also been shown to be a cause of PT, and the high rate of comorbid sinus stenosis and SSD has been previously reported.18,20,22,27⇓⇓⇓⇓–32 The stenosis and subsequent flow jet may cause the SSD, similar to the effects of complex patterns of wall shear stress and spatial wall shear stress gradients previously reported in intracranial bifurcation aneurysms such as at the basilar tip.33,34 Our observation that the long axis of the SSD is coincident with the flow jet from the stenosis would seem to lend credence to this hypothesis; however, the relationship between the entities remains speculative.
To establish the role that geometric features of the diverticulum, such as maximal diameter and neck width, have in defining specific flow patterns such as vortices in the SSD and parent sinus, it will be necessary to expand this study to include a broader spectrum of geometric conditions. Expanding the study will similarly contribute to defining the link between flow patterns and sound generation in patients with SSD and PT. The unique pattern of flow presented in this work has not been previously demonstrated.
It is also unclear whether the stenosis, the SSD, or both are causing patients' symptoms. Many authors have treated both the stenosis and the diverticulum and reported resolution of symptoms27,31,32; others have treated only the SSD and also reported resolution of symptoms.18,22,28⇓–30 We suspect that sound generation in these patients with PT is multifactorial, and the source of sound generation remains a focus of ongoing research.
All 5 patients with PT found to have an SSD were women. This may be simply a result of the small sample size, though there may be a component of idiopathic intracranial hypertension contributing to the transverse sinus stenosis in these patients, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension is more common in females.35 In fact, subject 5 was found to have idiopathic intracranial hypertension based on standard criteria,36 and her symptoms greatly improved with stent placement in a transverse sinus stenosis, which decreased the pretreatment pressure gradient across the stenosis from 13 to 3 mm Hg.
There are several limitations to our study. Our small sample size limits the extent of the conclusions we can derive. Several assumptions were made in our CFD analysis, including Newtonian flow, steady flow conditions, zero pressure at the outflow, and a noncompliant vessel wall. While Newtonian flow is a reasonable assumption in capacious vessels such as the sigmoid sinus and jugular vein, the flow may be non-Newtonian in transverse–sigmoid junction stenosis. Steady flow conditions have been used in our prior work and have previously captured most flow information with a high degree of fidelity.24 Rigid wall conditions are likely a reasonable assumption in the transverse and sigmoid sinuses, which are encased by the thick dura and bone. However, the validity of this assumption is challenged by known changes in PT with lumbar puncture and removal of CSF, particularly in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.37 In addition, the jugular vein has a very high capacitance and is known to not be a rigid structure. Our models in this work include only the jugular bulb that is, at least partly, bounded by the skull base.
This prospective case series applied 4DF and CFD analysis to patients suspected of having a venous etiology of PT and identified a consistent pattern of blood flow that was absent in controls. The flow pattern consists of a high-velocity jet through a transverse sinus stenosis directed into the SSD, vortical flow in the SSD, and a vortex of flow returning to the sigmoid sinus from the SSD. 4DF and CFD of the post treatment state show resolution of flow in the SSD and resolution of the vortex in the sigmoid sinus. The role the vortices play in sound generation for PT is unclear and remains a subject of future investigation.
Disclosures: Matthew R. Amans—RELATED: Grant: National Institutes of Health, Comments: This project was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through UCSF-CTSI Grant Number B27552C. In addition, the research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award number R21 DC016087–01A1. Its content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health*; UNRELATED: Consultancy: Covidien, Comments: I have worked as a proctor for Pipeline embolization procedures. The total annual compensation is less than $25,000. David Saloner—RELATED: Grant: National Institutes of Health*; UNRELATED: Grants/Grants Pending: National Institutes of Health, Comments: The National Institutes of Health is funding a grant related to this article. *Money paid to the institution.
This work was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through UCSF-CTSI Grant Number B27552C. In addition, the research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award number R21 DC016087-01A1.
Paper previously presented, in part, at: Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, September 18–21, 2016; San Diego, California; and another portion of these data were presented at: Annual Meeting of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, July 25–29, 2016; Boston, Massachusetts.
Accepted after revision August 20, 2018.


text:
Bentham, Byron, and Greece: Constitutionalism, Nationalism, and Early Liberal Political Thought
F. Rosen
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200789.001.0001
Part I Theory
2 Liberty and Constitutional Theory
3 Constitutional Theory I: From the Fragment to the French Revolution
4 Constitutional Theory II: The Mature Theory of the 1820s
5 Theory and Practice I: Bentham and the Greek Constitution of 1822
6 Theory and Practice II: Bentham and the First Greek Loan
Part II Ideology
7 Blaquiere's Liberalism and Mediterranean Nationalism
8 Stanhope's Liberalism
9 Conflict and Confusion in Early Liberalism
10 'The Last Days of Lord Byron'
11 Tories, Whigs, and Philhellenism
Part III Interest
12 Who Killed Lord Byron?
13 Greek Pie
14 Conclusion: Liberalism, Nationalism, and the Study of Political Ideas
Appendix I: Early Membership of the London Greek Committee
Appendix II: Full Membership of the London Greek Committee
Appendix III: Major Subscriptions to the London Greek Committee
3 Constitutional Theory I: From the <i>Fragment</i> to the French Revolution
'The Last Days of Lord Byron'
(p.185) 10 'The Last Days of Lord Byron'
Bentham, Byron, and Greece
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200789.003.0010
The myth of Leicester Stanhope, the Benthamite soldier, and Lord Byron, the romantic poet, forming two opposing poles of doctrine and attitude in Greece was based in part on Stanhope's Greece, in 1823 and 1824. However, the work which developed the thesis of Stanhope versus Lord Byron was actually written as a reply to Stanhope. Of the numerous books, articles, and poems published after the death of Lord Byron, William Parry's The Last Days of Lord Byron, published in 1825, was the only one to concentrate almost wholly on the supposed opposition between Stanhope and Byron. It also linked Stanhope and Jeremy Bentham by incorporating a notorious chapter which lampooned Bentham's life-style. In the 1820s, Bentham's reputation was at its peak, and he was perhaps the most highly regarded English philosopher and jurist of his day. He had a growing reputation as an advocate of radical reform which included the advocacy of representative democracy based on universal suffrage.
Keywords: Leicester Stanhope, Lord Byron, Greece, The Last Days of Lord Byron, Jeremy Bentham, democracy, universal suffrage, reform

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl