text:
author: robmyers
comments: true
date: 2008-11-06 04:36:31+00:00
layout: post
slug: open-source-publishing
title: Open Source Publishing
wordpress_id: 1689
categories:
- Free Culture
---

The excellent [Open Source Publishing](http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/), who did the design for the [FLOSS+Art](http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/?p=565) book that my revised "Open Source Art Again" essay appears in have used some quotes from it (or the [older version](http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/rob-myers-critique-of-open-source/2007/08/25) reblogged by [the P2P Foundation](http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/)) as part of a thoughtful and insightful blog post on their name and what "freedom" might mean for design [here](http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/?p=1315). Highly recommended for anyone interested in free culture and/or graphic design.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Exports grew by 9.01 per cent year-on-year to $3.32 bn in May riding on the higher shipment of garment items, Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) revealed recently. However, the receipt is 1.70 per cent lower than the monthly target of $3.38 bn, according to data from the EPB. The main driver of the growth, garments exports grew by 9.77 per cent year-on-year to $28.12 bn in the first 11 months of the fiscal year. Knitwear exports rose by 11.48 per cent to $13.94 bn and woven garments exports were up by 8.15 per cent to $14.18 bn.
The shipment of garments, which account for more than 80 per cent of the national export, grew because of the increased sales of high-value items and the depreciation of the local currency against the US dollar, according to exporters."At the end of the year, we will be able to export more than the target set for the current fiscal year at $30.16 bn," said Siddiqur Rahman, President of Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA).
The earning from garment export even crossed the 11 months' target at 3.24 per cent to $27.24 bn. The export growth in the apparel sector in June might be a little less, but it will grow more from July onwards as the manufacturers have a handful of work orders, the BGMEA President said. In recent months, garment export to the US is declining as China, India and Vietnam are performing well to the US markets. "However, we are performing strongly in the new markets like in Japan, India, Russia, South Africa, Australia and in Latin American markets," said the leader of the apparel exporters' body. Although the export is growing, the prices and demand for the garment items are declining worldwide, he said. "We need to modernise our machinery and production for more productivity to be more competitive in the global apparel markets," he said. He said the country's garment factories are full of orders from international retailers and brands, thanks to the massive progress in workplace safety carried out by the Accord, the Alliance and the government.
The exporters also benefitted from the depreciated exchange value of the taka. The interbank exchange rate was Tk 83.70 per US dollar, up from Tk 80.50 a year earlier, according to Central Bank data. Shipment of agricultural products such as fruits and spices was up by 18.09 per cent to $609.01 mn. Cement, salt and stone fetched $11.88 mn, up by 24.01 per cent, and pharmaceuticals brought home $95.98 mn, an increase of 15.89 per cent.
Cotton, cotton products, and yarn exports went up by 15.86 per cent to $117.15 mn in the July-May period. Jute and jute goods also fared well as the demand for the goods made in Bangladesh from the natural fibre is rising. In July-May, jute and jute goods fetched $966.90 mn, up by 6.99 per cent. Jute and jute goods may fetch more than $1bn at the end of the current fiscal year after three years. f it happens, only three sectors among 725 kinds of export goods from the country apparel, leather and leather goods, and jute and jute goods will be earning more than one billion dollars.
Home textile export rose by 11.67 per cent to $823.00 mn, footwear by 2.55 per cent to $225.77 mn, furniture by 21.33 per cent to $58.19 mn, bicycle at 4.47 per cent to $81.34 mn and ceramic products at 10.92 per cent to $40.52 mn. On the other hand, exports of plastic goods fell by 17.82 per cent to $90.04 mn in July-May. Leather and leather goods sector, the second largest export earner after garments, fetched $999.07 mn in the 11-month period, down by 11.08 per cent.
The shipment of leather and leather goods was hit largely by the relocation of tanneries from Hazaribagh to Savar as production was hampered. All the 155 tanneries have been relocated, but only 25 of them have so far been able to start production in their new location, industry people said. Frozen and live fish exports fell by 1.59 per cent to $465.32 mn. Overall, exports rose by 6.66 per cent yearon- year to $33.72 bn in the July-May period. The earnings narrowly missed the periodic target of $33.87 bn, according to the data.


Empty the waste basket and switch the shredder into "Reverse" in order to clear any paper jams. Slowly alternate between the "Auto" and "Reserve" switches to work the jammed paper free. If the jam holds, unplug the shredder and carefully pull out the lodged paper with tweezers. Turn the shredder on "Auto" to remove any remaining traces of paper. If the cutting cylinder on your shredder jams frequently, it may need oiling.
Clear any blockage by placing the power switch in "Auto" and pressing the "Manual Forward" button for about five seconds, if the shredder only works in reverse. The sensor at the center of the shredding console must be engaged to activate the forward shredding process.


text:
This 'Game of Thrones' Actress Opened Up About Her Character's Extremely Dark Fate
"I think it's really clever."
Aug 6 2017, 3:47 pm EDT
This post contains spoilers for Game of Thrones Season 7, episode 3, "The Queen's Justice."
Game of Thrones is known for being ruthless with its characters and Season 7 has already seen several fan favorites meet their doom. This season's third episode, "The Queen's Justice," was particularly brutal, with the loss of Olenna Tyrell, as well as Ellaria and Tyene Sand.
Although all three deaths (/impending death following years of torture) took place offscreen, the actress who plays Ellaria (ironically, the one character who is certainly still alive—and will be for years if Cersei has her way), promises that even though her character's demise wasn't seen on screen, fans shouldn't expect her return.
"[Showrunners David Benioff and Dan Weiss] called me, but I kind of knew already," she told Entertainment Weekly of learning her character's fate. "Obviously there's lots of trimming going on. It's all coming to a head and you have to get rid of less important characters that the audience hasn't had the chance to invest in as much. So I was expecting it. I wasn't heartbroken. And I was like, 'As long as I die on screen…' and they were like 'Yeah!' But of course I don't die on screen. I stay alive, I'm just not going to reappear. I think it's really clever."
Ellaria doesn't die on screen, as fans know. Instead of killing her, Cersei forced her to witness her daughter's death (Cersei poisoned Tyene exactly as Ellaria poisoned Cersei's daughter, Myrcella), and then sentenced her to live out her days in a cell, watching the body decompose. Of all the dark, dark fates Game of Thrones characters have suffered, Ellaria's is almost certainly the darkest.
Now, we're still waiting for confirmation that Lady Tyrell is really, truly gone (because, TBH, we have to hold out hope that she had the antidote to that poison hidden somewhere close by).
From: Marie Claire US
Kayleigh Roberts Kayleigh Roberts is the weekend editor at Marie Claire, covering celebrity and entertainment news, from actual royals like Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle to Hollywood royalty, like Katie Holmes and Chrissy Teigen.
More From Film, TV & Theatre
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Selena: The Series Part 2 Arrives in May
Sanaa Lathan Joins the 'Succession' Season 3 Cast
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9 Times 'Game of Thrones' Recast Characters
The Internet Is Already Obsessed With the Newest Character on 'Game of Thrones'
Lena Headey: Cersei Will Never Turn Good

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
First Trust Energy Income And Growth Fund (FEN)
Fund Summary | News & Literature | Historical Pricing | Distribution History | Contact Fund
Investment Objective/Strategy - First Trust Energy Income and Growth Fund (the "Fund") is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund's investment objective is to seek a high level of after-tax total return with an emphasis on current distributions paid to shareholders. The Fund pursues its objective by investing in cash-generating securities of energy companies, with a focus on investing in publicly-traded MLPs, related public entities in the energy sector and other public companies, which EIP believes offer opportunities for income and growth. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 85% of its managed assets in securities of energy companies, energy sector MLPs and MLP-related entities.
There can be no assurance that the Fund's investment objectives will be achieved. The Fund may not be appropriate for all investors.
Ticker FEN
Fund Type Energy
Investment Advisor First Trust Advisors L.P.
Portfolio Manager/Sub-Advisor Energy Income Partners, LLC
Investor Servicing Agent BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.
CUSIP 33738G104
Fiscal Year-End 11/30
Exchange NYSE American
Inception Price $20.00
Inception NAV $19.10
Current Fund Data (as of 1/17/2020)
Closing NAV1 $21.73
Closing Market Price2 $23.12
Premium to Net Asset Value (NAV) 6.40%
Total Managed Assets $580,880,090
Common Shares Outstanding 20,011,594
Dividend Frequency Quarterly
Dividend Per Share Amt3 $0.5800
Distribution Rate4 10.03%
Daily Volume 110,495
Average 30-Day Daily Volume 108,198
Closing Market Price 52-Week High/Low $23.40 / $20.10
Closing NAV 52-Week High/Low $22.81 / $19.54
Expense Ratios (as of 5/31/2019)
Annual Expenses Percent of
Net Assets Percent of
Management Fees 1.35% 1.00%
Total Operating Expenses 1.53% 1.14%
Leverage Costs 1.39% 1.03%
Current Inc Tax Expenses 5.83% 4.31%
Deferred Inc Tax Expenses -2.38% -1.76%
Total Annual Expenses 6.37% 4.72%
Leverage costs include interest, fees and any upfront/offering costs associated with borrowings by the Fund.
FEN is treated as a regular C corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and as such is obligated to pay federal and applicable state and foreign corporate taxes on its taxable income.
Leverage Information (as of 1/17/2020)5
Total Net Assets with Leverage $580,880,090
Amount Attributable to Common Shares $434,880,090
Amount Attributable to Preferred Shares $0
Amount Attributable to Other Borrowings $146,000,000
Leverage (% of Total Net Assets) 25.13%
Market Price and NAV History (Since Inception)
Past performance is not indicative of future results.
% Premium/Discount (Since Inception)
Top 10 Holdings (as of 12/31/2019)6
Holding Percent
Enterprise Products Partners, L.P. 13.12%
Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P. 9.40%
TC Energy Corp. 8.60%
TC Pipelines, L.P. 8.06%
Kinder Morgan, Inc. 7.47%
Enbridge, Inc. 5.59%
Plains All American Pipeline L.P. 4.91%
Energy Transfer L.P. 4.35%
ONEOK, Inc. 3.91%
Williams (The) Cos., Inc. 3.77%
Industry Breakdown (as of 12/31/2019)6
Industry Percent
Natural Gas Transmission 34.43%
Petroleum Product Transmission 29.90%
Crude Oil Transmission 18.86%
Electric Power & Transmission 13.58%
Coal 1.60%
Other 1.33%
Propane 0.30%
Performance (as of 12/31/2019)
3 Month YTD 1 Year 3 Year 5 Year 10 Year Since
Inception7
Fund Performance *
Net Asset Value (NAV) 0.42% 20.73% 20.73% 2.88% -2.26% 8.32% 8.54%
Market Price 2.67% 34.63% 34.63% 4.87% -0.14% 8.07% 8.70%
*Total return is the combination of reinvested dividend, capital gain, and return of capital distributions, if any, at prices obtained by the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, and changes in the NAV and Market Price. The NAV total return takes into account the fund's total annual expenses and does not reflect sales load. Returns are average annualized total returns, except those for periods of less than one year, which are cumulative. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
1 The fund's NAV is calculated by dividing the value of all the fund's assets, less all liabilities, by the total number of common shares outstanding.
2 Fund shares are purchased and sold on an exchange at their market price rather than net asset value (NAV), which may cause the shares to trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
3 Most recent distribution paid or declared to today's date. Subject to change in the future. There is no guarantee that the fund will declare dividends.
4 Distribution rates are calculated by annualizing the most recent distribution paid or declared through today's date and then dividing by the most recent market price. The distribution consists of the sum of net investment income, net realized short-term capital gains, net realized long-term capital gains, and return of capital. Distribution rates may vary. Any distribution adjustment will not be reflected until after the declaration date for the next distribution. See the fund's 19a-1 Notices, if any, located under the "News & Literature" section of the website for estimates of distribution sources. Final determination of the source and tax status of all distributions paid in the current year will be made after year-end.
5 Leverage is a technique where a closed-end fund's manager borrows assets at one rate and invests the proceeds from the borrowed assets at another rate, seeking to increase yield and total return. Use of leverage can result in additional risk and cost, and can magnify the effect of any losses.
6 Market value information used in calculating the percentages is based upon trade date plus one recording of transactions, which can differ from regulatory financial reports (Forms N-CSR and N-PORT Part F) that are based on trade date recording of security transactions. Holdings are subject to change.
7 Inception Date is 6/24/2004
The fund is subject to risks, including the fact that it is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Investment return and market value of an investment in the fund will fluctuate. Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost.
Because the fund is concentrated in securities issued by energy companies, energy sector MLPs and MLP-related entities, it will be more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting those industries, including high interest costs, high leverage costs, the effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, increased competition, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies and other factors.
The fund's use of derivatives may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times, may limit the amount of appreciation the fund can realize on an investment, or may cause the fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell.
Investment in non-U.S. securities is subject to the risk of currency fluctuations and to economic and political risks associated with such foreign countries.
Use of leverage can result in additional risk and cost, and can magnify the effect of any losses.
The risks of investing in the fund are spelled out in the prospectus, shareholder report and other regulatory filings.
Not FDIC Insured • Not Bank Guaranteed • May Lose Value


text:
Q: Condition variable signalling issue I am in a soup. The idea may be bad but i do need a solution.

*

*I have two condition variable, say A and B.

*Threads 1, 2 and 3 are waiting on A. Thread 4 is waiting on B.

*B will be pthread_cond-signal() by thread 2, that is thread 4 will be
signaled to wake up by thread 2.
Now, I have another thread 5 which pthread_cond_broadcasts() on condition variable A. I need all threads 1, 2 and 3 to wake up before thread 4 wakes up. That is say if thread 2 wakes up and signals on B thread 4 may wake up before thread 3 does, which is not what i want.
Any pointers will be highly appreciated.
thanks

A: You can solve this using condition variables.  Instead of having Thread 4 wait just for the condition set by Thread 2, have it wait for a condition that is only set after all of Thread 1, Thread 2 and Thread 3 have done their thing:
pthread_mutex_lock(&thread4_lock);
while (!thread1_flag || !thread2_flag || !thread3_flag)
    pthread_cond_wait(&thread4_cond, &thread4_lock);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&thread4_lock);

/* Thread 4 can continue */

When Thread 1 has done its thing, it sets its part of the condition:
pthread_mutex_lock(&thread4_lock);
thread1_flag = 1;
pthread_cond_signal(&thread4_cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&thread4_lock);

...and likewise for Thread 2 and Thread 3.  Thread 4 will only continue once all the flags have been set.

A: Use a semaphore: have each of threads 1-3 post the semaphore, and have thread 4 wait on the semaphore 3 times instead of on a condition variable.
You'll want to use sem_init(3) or sem_open(3) to create the semaphore, sem_post(3) to post the semaphore, sem_wait(3) to wait on the semaphore, and then either sem_destroy(3) (if created with sem_init) or sem_close(3) and sem_unlink(3) (if created with sem_open) to destroy the semaphore.

A: Consider using ZeroMQ's in-process signalling for this. ZeroMQ implements a messaging model which can be used effectively to coordinate threads, as well as for inter process or network messaging.
For more info: http://api.zeromq.org/2-1-1:zmq-inproc
Here is an example of load-balancing between threads using ZeroMQ and Java.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: It is possible to avoid making condition in 12:00 time? Hello I have this code below to format 12 hrs from my mvc3 controller to my jqgrid. I have a value of null from my database but it return 12:00 I want is if it is null I want to return a blank space or blank.
            string FitaIn1 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FAIn1).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaOut1 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FAOut1).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaIn2 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FAIn2).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaOut2 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FAOut2).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaCorIn1 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FACorrectionIn1).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaCorOut1 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FACorrectionOut1).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaCorIn2 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FACorrectionIn2).ToString("hh:mm");
            string FitaCorOut2 = Convert.ToDateTime(req.FACorrectionOut2).ToString("hh:mm");

At the same time I encounter this problem i try this code below because the null value returns 12:00
if (FitaIn1 == "12:00") { FitaIn1 = "00:00"; }

It is possible to log-in / log-out in 12:00 noon right?. I'm out of idea.


We get behind the cheapest car on sale in the UK to see if it's cheerful too.
If you're in the market for a new cheap to buy, cheap to run supermini, then you've probably considered a Dacia Sandero. The Renault-owned firm has become renowned for vehicles that simply work — and come with the peace of a mind that buying new with a manufacturer warranty brings to a consumer.
Put politely, the Dacia Sandero doesn't really offer anything in the way of performance. With a 0.9-litre, naturally aspirated three-cylinder petrol engine delivering just 90bhp and 140Nm to the front wheels via a five-speed manual gearbox on our test car, 0-60mph comes in 11.1 seconds with the hatch topping out at 109mph.
This is absolutely fine, though. Nobody buys a Sandero with the intention of sending it down a B-road at full pelt or going for Autobahn runs — what matters is that it's affordable, and it delivers on the efficiency front. A respectable 52.3mpg can be returned along with low emissions of 123g/km. You'll struggle to achieve that in many of its rivals.
Most Sandero owners are going to put their Romanian workhorse through a life in the town with the occasional motorway run, so it's key that it's dead easy to drive and does so in comfort. It certainly delivers on that front, with light steering aiding maneuverability — albeit it doesn't feel quite as tight in the same way a Volkswagen Up! or Hyundai i10 does.
Ride quality isn't terrible, but there's certainly something to be desired from the car's long-term comfort. Bumps and potholes in the road will feed through to the cabin quite noticeably, meaning it might become a little tiresome over longer drives.
From a car costing £6,995, you can't really expect too much in the way of interior comforts — but that said, the hard-plastic dashboard is certainly rugged and more than fit for purpose. There's a sense in the cabin that it's just going to run forever, and the lack of electric gubbins such as the mirrors and rear windows means there's just less to go wrong - key for anyone simply wanting an A-to-B machine.
It's not entirely without luxuries, mind. Leather features on the gear knob, while some piano black inserts and satin chrome interior handles give a little bit of character to the cabin. The downsides? Ergonomically it's not the best, with control placement a bit wayward — but we suspect it's fine for owners once they're used to it. As for space, you can seat five with a reasonable amount of comfort in the Sandero, while boot space comes in at remarkable 320 litres — putting it right at the forefront of the class.
When it comes to equipment, there's not a whole lot going on for base-level cars — but again, this is only £6,995. LED daytime running lights come as standard, but that's about all. Top-spec Comfort models benefit from rear parking sensors and an infotainment screen, but that starts at £8,795.
We've mentioned it plenty, but that's because it's worth noting — that £6,995 price tag. Other cars that cost similar (but still slightly more), like the Volkswagen Up!, Suzuki Celerio, Hyundai i10 etc. offer less practicality while direct supermini rivals all come in at least upward of £9,000. For a car to simply go A-to-B in, it's hard — nay, impossible — to argue with the price.
It'll be cheap to run too. The aforementioned 52.3mpg means fuel stops should be few and far between, while 123g/km of CO2 results in a first-year VED of just £165. With insurance groups maxing out at 12 depending on spec, and most well below that, premiums are going to be, well, not at much of a premium at all.
Looking for a car that can simply go from A-to-B, while having the peace of mind a new motor brings? Look no further than the Dacia Sandero. It's easy to drive, practical and cheap to run — and that's all you can ask of it at £6,995. Sure, higher trims can get pricier but you'd be hard-pressed to spec one more than £10k, keeping it well below direct rivals.
Of course, if you're willing to spend more money, then there are cars that will offer more luxury and more style. But that's not the point of the Sandero, which proves cheap can certainly mean cheerful.
Looking for a new Sandero? Get local available prices and offers from your local dealership.


text:
The funding
The progress
The website name: Kyprios Character
The logo of the website
The drawings of the website
External collaborators
Grave reliefs from Cyprus from the Archaic to the Roman period
Poyiadji-Richter, Elena
The Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia
The study of the existing burial sculptures from Cyprus reveals a continuous production of reliefs with human representations. With the exception of some isolated finds of anthropomorphic reliefs of the Middle Bronze Age period, as in the case of the low relief from a tomb at Karmi1, the continuous development of the grave reliefs on the island started at the end of the 7th century BC to the 3rd century AD. The characteristic figures and types, as well as the idiomorphic style of these reliefs, demand an independent approach, and not only in terms of the established Greek models.
Most of the reliefs were found during amateur excavations in the 19th century, made by foreign consuls and bankers who, besides their formal duties, were also engaged in archaeological activities. Best-known amongst them is Luigi Palma di Cesnola, who served as the American Consul in Cyprus and excavated at various regions all over the island. The result of these activities was the lack of excavation reports and documentation regarding the location and positioning of the grave reliefs and the burial contexts, a fact that hampers the archaeological research related to the burial cult and to the precise dating of these stelae.
Most of these grave reliefs were found at Golgoi, Amathous, Marion, and Salamis, while many of them are of unknown provenance. Today they are scattered, together with other Cypriote antiquities of the 19th century, at various museums mostly in Europe and the United States, such as the Metropolitan Museum of New York, the Louvre in Paris, the John and Mable Ringling Museum in Sarasota, Florida, and the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia. More recent finds were mainly produced during hazardous excavations and are kept in the museums of Cyprus.
In spite of the relatively small number of grave reliefs that have been found, there is a wide variety of stelae forms and scenes with figures and symbols that demonstrate the merging of different influences from neighbouring cultures into the local traditions and perceptions.
Chronology and stylistic classification
As already mentioned, most of the grave reliefs have been found extracted from their original context, a fact that considerably hampers the determination of their chronology. As a consequence, their chronological classification and evolution had to be achieved mainly through stylistic comparisons.
In the Cypro-Archaic period, stelae with a cavetto capital crowned by two heraldic lions, sitting or reclining, predominate [Fig. 1]2. The crowning of the stelae with lion figures has a long tradition in Cyprus. Already since the late 7th century BC stelae with a cavetto capital. The lions are portrayed in profile and they occupy the whole of the horizontal upper surface of the architectural framework. They turn their heads towards the viewer, exposing their tongue and teeth in a threatening manner, crossing their front legs and coiling the tail around their hind leg. Comparable reclining lions are known from the Near East and Asia Minor, yet these are stylistically far from those found on the island.3 The stelae crowned with lions cease to exist after the 4th century BC.
Sitting lions, on the other hand, are stylistically related to the lions found on Rhodes, Samos and in Cnidus, while numerous examples sculptured in-the-round have been found in various parts of Cyprus, such as at Trikomo and Kyra. The chronological evolution of the stelae crowned with lions is attested mostly through the shape and form of the lion's mane, whereas other features remain almost unaltered. The earliest example dates to the late 7th/early 6th century BC.
During the 6th century BC, stelae crowned with sphinxes4 appear sporadically. The position of the body of the sphinxes coincides with that of the previously mentioned lions of the 6th century BC. The stylistic treatment of the wings and the hair refer to identical in-the-round examples found at Kameiros on Rhodes.
In addition to the crowning types of stelae of the Cypro-Archaic period, stelae with a human figure in a niche also existed. A typical example is the grave relief at the Cyprus Museum, depicting a young man in a frontal pose with his arms close to his body touching the side of his thighs and draped in chiton and himation, resembling the statues of Cypriote kouroi.5
During the Cypro-Classical period, most grave reliefs follow in general the new stylistical tendencies of their contemporary sculpture. Hence they reflect the growing influence of the Greek art on the artistic production of Cyprus at a period when it was impossible to ignore the canon of the classical forms and style, in particular of the Attic grave reliefs of the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Despite the Greek influence however, the deeply-rooted archaic local traditions and perceptions continued and remained alive, especially at the interior of the island.
On the basis of archaeological research, classical grave reliefs are divided in three groups according to their style. The first category includes stelae based on the Cypro-Archaic traditions featuring sporadic east Greek influences, as is the case of reliefs with banquet scenes crowned with lions [Fig. 2], and reliefs with frontal human figures placed inside deep niches.6 The distribution of these stelae can be observed from the the central-eastern regions of the island as far the east coast, which certainly reflects a local workshop production at the area of Golgoi that was known as far as the city of Salamis. The second category includes stelae of Cypriote character that imitate Greek prototypes, in particular reliefs with figurative scenes that follow the themes of the Attic grave reliefs [Fig. 3], for example a woman with a slave, farewell or mourning scenes.7 Most of these stelae have been found in the northwest and south regions of the island. The third category includes stelae of Greek origin. These are excellent marble stelae imported to Cyprus most probably after their completion and have been found mainly at Marion and Kition.
The Cypriote grave stelae of the Hellenistic period are hard to be dated with any certainty. The unclear picture of the stylistic development of the Cypriote sculpture, the absence of comparanda and the fragmentary state of many of the stelae cause additional difficulties to their chronological classification.
The stelae of the Εarly Hellenistic period follow traditional Cypriote as well as Greek forms, such as niches with pediment that resemble funerary banquet scenes (Totenmahl) and also naiskoi and pseudo-naiskoi with a variety of themes [Fig. 4].8 During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, characteristic features of Ptolemaic portraits penetrate the Cypriote sculpture, due to the island's incorporation in the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 310 BC. Figures on grave reliefs obtain portrait-like features and contemporary hairstyles, while less attention is paid to the execution of the body. The height of the stelae can reach 185 cm and all the main figures are worked in high relief. Only a fragmentary grave relief with a male head wearing a wreath can be dated to the end of the 2nd/beginning of the 1st century BC.9 However, in many cases the chronology is limited to the general designation "Hellenistic", since the study of the Hellenistic sculpture cannot yet present accurate chronological criteria.
The use of traditional Cypriote themes continues on Roman grave reliefs and so does the idiomorphic local style that assimilates Greek elements from the Hellenistic world. At the same time, certain features of imperial portraits and contemporary hair styles are adopted. The series of grave reliefs with banquet scenes continues until the first half of the 1st century AD and becomes monumental in size [Fig. 5]. During the period of the ruling Flavian dynasty until the 2nd century AD, grave reliefs with standing figures may be considered to be a provincial variety of Greek prototypes closely related to those of the east Greek and the Cycladic areas. The development of grave reliefs with figural representations is limited during the late 2nd century AD to kioniskoi decorated with a bust placed in a small niche. After the period of the Antonine dynasty, the use of aniconic kioniskoi with incised inscriptions as grave-markers gradually becomes common and accepted.10
Types and shapes of the stelae
Based on their shapes, grave stelae can be grouped into six main types, distributed in certain parts of the island. Type 1a includes stelae with cavetto capital crowned with heraldic lions [Fig. 1], and type 1b, rectangular stelae crowned with heraldic sphinxes. Type 2 includes a characteristic group of stelae with representations of funeral banquets placed in a niche. This type follows a chronological development that is subdivided as follows: a) stelae with a small rectangular niche crowned with lions placed on a narrow plain slab [Fig. 2], b) stelae with double niche and pediment, and c) stelae with one niche of large dimensions and pediment [Fig. 5]. Type 3 includes stelae with a simple rectangular niche, often crowned with palmettes. Type 4 involves frameless stelae decorated with palmettes [Fig. 3]; type 5 includes stelae with naiskos and pseudo-naiskos [Fig. 4]; finally, type 6, stelae with kioniskoi.
Regarding the chronological association of these stelae types, type 1 is only attested in the Cypro-Archaic period; types 2 and 3 develop from the 5th century BC to the 1st century AD; types 4 and 5 occur sporadically as they tend to appear mostly during the 4th century BC. Finally, type 6 is attested only in the Roman period, mostly in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.11
Typology and iconographic comments
The study of the origin and interpretation of the figures and motifs on grave reliefs of Cyprus reveals a variety of subjects, symbols and features that are defined by the tradition as well as by the adoption and alteration of foreign elements. Their presence is either of a symbolic character or serves the heroization of the deceased or corresponds to their function in daily life.
Symbolism played an important role in the burial context of the Cypro-Archaic period. The frequently attested motifs of the crescent and the solar disc or the winged sun disc are examples of stellar symbolism. They offer a variety of interpretations and they usually relate to religious beliefs and burial customs. These motifs were adopted in Cyprus from the Phoenician religious cult and were incorporated into local burial customs. The interpretation of these motifs in Cypriote funerary cult, and consequently in the existing grave reliefs, relates to the circle of life, death, and the afterlife. Lions and sphinxes depicted as grave guards [Fig. 1]. The Cypriote use of lions in burial contexts was probably inspired by the East, yet the use of sphinxes was already known on the island from Greek grave stelae.
The depiction of these figures suggests a steady development from the beginning of the second quarter of the 5th century BC down to the Roman period. The focal point is the depiction of the deceased imself placed often in scenes of heroization [Fig. 2], farewell scenes often attributed through the characteristic gesture of dexiosis [Fig. 4], as well as family scenes in which gestures reveal the affinity of the represented figures with the decised [Fig. 5]. Cypriote subjects and figure representation are closely related to the corresponding Greek ones, yet some diffrences and alterations can be detected, as in the case of the strictly frontal posture or the depiction of family bonds among the figures that reflect local perceptions and habits.
Banquet scenes, known as Totenmahl, constitute a characteristic, widely spread category of depictions on the grave reliefs of Cyprus [Fig. 2 and Fig. 5]. The Cypriotes were among the first ones to place banquet scenes on grave stelae. Archaeological research has shown that the symposium and at the same time the motif of the reclining man probably derived from the East.12 The rite of symposia initiated in the 8th century BC from the courts of aristocracy. It was then transferred to Cyprus, Asia Minor and Greece by the Phoenicians.13
Based on current data research, the motif is attested in burial contexts for the first time only in the 5th century BC. The funerary banquet scene is sporadically depicted on grave stelae from Asia Minor, with superimposed fields.14 In these examples, the reclining man is interpreted according to the eastern perception, as a nobleman in a banquet, in order to stress the high social status of the deceased.
In parallel to stelae from Asia Minor, these scenes are also attested in burial contexts in Cyprus, from the beginning of the 5th century BC.15 Funerary banquet scene was a popular theme in Cypriote burial art, as is implied by the frequency of its depiction. The scenes depicted on grave reliefs developed their own distinct character, as they preserved a combination of eastern and Greek perceptions.
The symposiast is depicted with a rich wreath, well-combed hair and beard, often holding a pouch (valantion) and a cup in his hand, accompanied by his wife, child, or servant, or is depicted in a family scene. Compared to other figures, the reclining man is represented disproportionally large so that his high position in the family and in the society in general can be stressed. Women are usually placed in the middle of the couch or separately on a stool. However, the depiction of the reclining woman in the 4th and 3rd century BC is unique. In Greece, similar scenes are not attested prior to the Roman period.
Farewell scenes that resemble the known Attic motif of a seated and a standing figure shaking hands (dexiosis) are also part of the figurative scenes [Fig. 4]. In this frame, the deceased is usually depicted seated, while the wife/husband, a servant, some relative, or a child is standing in front of them. Another depiction is that of a mother known in Cyprus as kourotrophos, that was adopted in grave reliefs and was incorporated into a family scene with the presence of children.
Among the depictions of individual figures, there are those with features suggesting the age, the profession or the occupation of the figures, as in the case of young Aristila with a small bird in her hand [Fig. 3], and warrior Dionysios in an armour.16 Last but not least, the bust of a figure in relief, placed in a niche, is depicted on some inscribed burial kioniskoi.
Regional associations and workshop production
Stylistically, iconographically and typologically, grave reliefs display common features according to their provenance and finding spot. The considerable production of sculpture in the Mesaoria Plain, where there is an abundance of available limestone, explains the dense distribution of grave reliefs especially in the central-eastern parts of Cyprus. In spite of the strong influence of workshops of other cultural landscapes, local production at the workshops of Golgoi preserved its own distinct character to a high level of quality. The constelation, iconography and style of most of the Archaic and Classical stelae from Golgoi and the surrounding area are based on Cypriote traditions with occasional Phoenician and east Greek influences.
The systematic production of grave reliefs at the sculpture workshops of the northwest and south regions began in the Classical period, with the exception of some archaic samples from Amathous, and was dominated by the imitation of Greek models. The Cypriote grave reliefs made of limestone coexisted with imported, high-quality marble stelae of Greek origin that mark the strong commercial links with the Greek world.
The production of grave reliefs that was based on traditional Cypriote perceptions continued during the Hellenistic and the Roman periods in the central-east regions and along the east coast. East Greek influences became more obvious but they also adopted elements of the Ptolemaic and Roman imperial portraiture.
During the Hellenistic period, the stelae of the northwest and south regions meticulously follow Greek prototypes, while during the Roman period a tendency of a conventional and provincial implementation on stelae can be observed.
Placing the stelae in their burial context
Due to insufficient evidence, many questions regarding the placement of the stelae in the burial grounds still remain unanswered. The lack of information regarding the necropoleis, along with the inaccurate information about their origin and position in the burial ground, limit the research considerably. Technical observations, sporadic information from written sources and comparisons with other cultural landscapes suggest that the reliefs were placed either in the walls of the dromos of the rock-cut chamber tomb, or right over the grave or tumulus, on a plinth or base.
Material and paint
The majority of Cypriote grave reliefs were made of a local, soft, fine limestone. As already mentioned, soft limestone was found in abundance in the central and east parts of Cyprus, since it is the main rock formation in the Mesaoria Plain. Consequently, the production of Cypriote sculpture was mostly located in these areas.
Grave stelae made of porous limestone, in which small fossil-shells were found, are limited. Porous limestone was rarely used due to the deterrent properties of the material that hamper the curving of the surface.
At the same time, due to the commercial links with the Aegean islands and mainland Greece, ready-made marble stelae reached the coastal regions of the island, and were available to be used.
A large number of grave reliefs preserve traces of paint, mostly red, and also green and yellow (that were probably blue and white originally). These traces suggest that the whole representation was initially decorated. Paint was used to denote the space where the scene was taking place, for example the entrance or the decorated walls of a house, as well as all the details, such as patterns and motifs on garments and objects, and also hair and facial features.
The study of grave reliefs is based on the surviving number of stelae that are kept in various museums in and outside Cyprus. This number of stelae is of course relatively small; however, it sheds light on many questions related to burial art and practices as well as to the social background of the island, especially from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. Moreover, through the grave reliefs, acculturation processes and the assimilation of foreign cultural elements by local traditions are attested, as a result of the relations between the island and neighbouring peoples.
Because of its geographic position, Cyprus was in close cultural and social relations with the East (Syria, Phoenicia, Egypt), and the Greek world over the centuries. Throughout its history, Cypriote art assimilated the influences of the surrounding cultures, incorporated them into local traditions, and thus shaped its own distinct identity. However, until recently the idiomatic character of Cyprus had received only minor attention from archaeological research. On the contrary, the influences of various foreign cultures that prevailed at times were viewed as individual stylistic phases of Cypriote art. Noticeably, acculturation processes in the East Mediterranean, with Cyprus being a "meeting point" of cultures, were disregarded. This acculturation process shaped an independent artistic style, which we could call, using the phrase of Aeschylus, Cypriote Character.
Published: September 11, 2015 Updated at: September 11, 2015 Submitted in: Greek
Translated by: Bourogiannis, Giorgos
Edited by: Bourogiannis, Giorgos, Panagiotopoulou, Chryssa
Final editing: Markou, Evangeline
Fig. 1: Grave stele with heraldic lions from Idalion (Second half of 6th century BC – beginning of 5th century BC). Cyprus Museum, Nicosia, 1941/X-6/Ia. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities).
Fig. 2: Grave relief with funerary banquet scene, unknown provenance (Second quarter of the 5th century BC). Cyprus Museum, Nicosia, C235. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities).
Fig. 3: Grave relief of Aristila from Marion (Circa 420 BC). Local Museum of Marion-Arsinoe, Polis Chrysochous, MMA 276. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities).
Fig. 4: Grave relief of a seated woman (Late 4th - early 3rd century BC). Regional Museum of Paphos, PM 2023. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities).
Fig. 5: Grave relief with three figures from Tremetousia (near Golgoi) (1st century AD). British Museum, London C431. © The Trustees of the British Museum, London (photograph: British Museum) link: http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=464240&partId=1&images=true.
1 Cyprus Museum, Nicosia, 1961/V-10/1 – Merrillees 1994, 37-41, pl. 12b.
2 Pogiatzi 2003a, 1-7.
3 Tatton-Brown 1986, 440-442.
4 Pogiatzi 2003a, 8-10.
5 E.g. Pogiatzi 2003a, 31.
6 E.g. Pogiatzi 2003a, 12-19 and 32-36.
7 E.g. Pogiatzi 2003a, 41, 43, 57 no. 102.
8 E.g. Pogiatzi 2003a, 19 no. 31, pl. 21 no. 33, pl. 48 no. 84.
9 Pogiatzi 2003a, 66 no. 118.
10 E. g. Pogiatzi 2003a, 26, 39 no. 67, 55. 97.
11 Drawings of the different types of stelae: Pogiatzi 2003a, 31, 34, 37.
12 For example the relief from the palace of Assurbanipal at Nineveh at the British Museum in London: Fehr 1971, 7-9, pl. 1. Symposium: Dentzer 1982, Matthäus 1999/2000, 46 ff.
13 Matthäus 1999/2000, 47-49, 51, 55. Poyiadji-Richter 2007, 212-215.
14 Stelae from Daskyleion, at the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul: Fabricius 1999, 34, fig. 6, 35, fig. 7.
15 Sarcophagus of Golgoi, Metropolitan Museum of New York: Karageorghis et. al. 2000, 204-206 no 331.
16 Grave relief of Aristila from Marion: Pogiatzi 2003a, pl. 41 no. 70. Grave relief of Dionysios Kardianos, from Lysi: Pogiatzi 2003a, pl. 43 no. 73.
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How to cite this paper
Poyiadji-Richter, Elena, "Grave reliefs from Cyprus from the Archaic to the Roman period", in the website: Kyprios Character. History, Archaeology & Numismatics of Ancient Cyprus: kyprioscharacter.eie.gr/en/t/Aj
grave relief
banquet scene
stelae
farewell scene
Map - Location list
Locations of places mentioned in the article
Amathous
Golgoi
Idalion
Mesaoria plain
Karmi
Daskyleion
Tremetousia
The research project "The Silver Coinage of the Kings of Cyprus: Numismatics and History in the Archaic and Classical Periods (6th to 4th centuries BC) (SilCoinCy)" is conducted at the Institute of Historical Research (IHR), National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, Greece and during the period January 2014 - October 2015 it has been funded by the Action ARISTEIA II. The Action falls under the Fourth Strategic Objective of the Operational Programme (OP) "Education and Lifelong Learning" (EdLL), entitled "Supporting the Human Capital in order to Promote Research and Innovation" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) 2007-2013 which is co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) and National Resources.
Scientific Coordinator: Evangeline Markou
© Copyright 2019. Institute of Historical Research. National Hellenic Research Foundation.
Fig. 1: Grave stele with heraldic lions from Idalion (Second half of 6th century BC – beginning of 5th century BC). Cyprus Museum, Nicosia, 1941/X-6/Ia. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities)
Fig. 2: Grave relief with funerary banquet scene, unknown provenance (Second quarter of the 5th century BC). Cyprus Museum, Nicosia, C235. © Department of Antiquities (photograph: Department of Antiquities)
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Author Thomas Scharf's compilation of more than 200 rarely, seen photographs that skillfully illustrate Baltimore's heritage as an elite boxing town highlight the effect the city had on the sweet science.
Scharf, a boxing historian and member of the International Research Organization and elector to the International Boxing Hall of Fame, also touched on Joe Gans, a fighter dear to two of Baltimore's old-time sluggers— Louis Butler and Marvin McDowell.
"The first African-American world boxing champion Joe Gans, he's from Baltimore and he was one of the best lightweights to ever put the gloves on," said McDowell, who runs the popular UMAR Boxing Gym at 1217 W. North Avenue.
"Gans was the first African-American world champion in any sport," said Butler, who along with McDowell, are members of the Maryland Boxing Hall of Fame.
Gans became the first Baltimore resident and the first African-American to win a championship in 1902. "He earned the nickname, 'The Old Master,' because his skills far preceded his age. It was like he'd been here before," McDowell said.
Both Lewis and McDowell recalled the Baltimore boxing scene as being the gateway to champions and big name stars like Baltimore's Dwight Braxton (who changed his name to Muhammad Qawi) and Palmer Park Maryland's Sugar Ray Leonard.
They reminisced about tough fighters like Johnny Wilburn who boxed from 1975 to 1980, squaring off against the likes of future champions Michael Spinks and Eddie Mustafa Muhammad.
Venues like the Civic Center, Painters Mill and Fells Point hosted many fighters.
On February 5, 1977, the Baltimore Civic Center played host to Leonard's professional debut where the eventual "Fighter of the Decade" defeated Luis Vega. Three months later, Leonard returned to the Civic Center and defeated Willie Rodriguez.
"For young and aspiring Baltimore fighters, there were plenty of heroes," Butler said.
"Mine were anyone I had watched on the black and white television. Guys like Joe Lewis, Sonny Liston, Sugar Ray Robinson and Jack Johnson," he said.
"One time someone told me I was like Jack Johnson and I was so happy," said Butler, who helped to kick-start the career of another Baltimore legend, Hasim Rahman, who would go on to become a two-time world heavyweight champion.
"I was crazy about Duran and I was a great fan of Sugar Ray Robinson, who nobody compares to him," said McDowell, who earned induction in the Maryland Boxing Hall of Fame in 1996 after a career highlighted by victories at the 5th Regiment Armory in Baltimore over Darryl Cherry and at the Steelworkers Hall in Baltimore over Anthony Williams and Maurice Young.
Butler's career, which led to a Hall of Fame induction in 2004, included wins at the Civic Center over Joe Sprowell and Eddie Smith. He twice battled Qawi, once at the Civic Center and at Steel Pier Arena in Atlantic City, N.J.
"Back in the day, we were at the top of the line. If a guy wasn't in our weight class, we didn't worry about him but if he was in our weight class, we wanted to know who he was so that we could take care of him," McDowell said.


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Full US Trailer for Russian Submarine Film 'The Command' aka 'Kursk'
"Time is of the essence… I implore you - accept our help." Saban Films has debuted an official US trailer for an indie submarine thriller titled The Command, which is the new US title for the film originally known as Kursk. This premiered at the Toronto Film Festival last year and already opened in most of Europe last fall, but it just now getting a US release with the new title this summer. The film tells the tragic true story of a Russian submarine stuck at the bottom of the ocean. The ship is deemed unsinkable but explosions on a test run leave it sunken and useless, and instead of rescuing the surviving crew, the Russians left them there. A nearby British ship intervenes and attempts to save them. This English-language take on the Kursk features Matthias Schoenaerts, plus Léa Seydoux, Colin Firth, Max von Sydow, August Diehl, Steven Waddington, and Matthias Schweighöfer. Unfortunately, the film is terrible despite being a true story.
Here's the official US trailer (+ original poster) for Thomas Vinterberg's The Command, from YouTube:
You can also watch the original international trailer for Vinterberg's Kursk film here, for more footage.
It is the first major Russian Navy exercise since the end of the Soviet Union, but the K-141 Kursk is deemed unsinkable and its crew recognized as the best in the Northern Fleet. Among that crew is Captain-Lieutenant Mikhail Kalekov (Schoenaerts), a devoted naval officer with a loving wife (Seydoux), a child, and another on the way. He and his crew board the Kursk and descend into the Barents Sea with a sense of optimism and fraternity. Then come the explosions. Many lives are lost instantly, but Mikhail and others are safe in one of the sealed rear compartments. They have air and food to last until they are rescued, but when will help arrive? Once the sub's seismic activity is detected, Britain, France, and Norway offer their assistance, but Russia insists it has the situation under control. Time is of the essence, but time keeps passing. Kursk is directed by acclaimed Danish filmmaker Thomas Vinterberg, of the films The Third Lie, It's All About Love, Dear Wendy, When a Man Comes Home, Submarino, The Hunt, Far from the Madding Crowd, and The Commune previously. The screenplay is written by Robert Rodat. This premiered at the Toronto Film Festival last year. The film originally opened in Europe last fall. Saban Films will release Vinterberg's The Command in select US theaters starting on June 21st, 2019 coming up.
Find more posts: Indies, To Watch, Trailer


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© 2019 Talk The Line
Naughty Boy on Home Cooking
Superstar producer Naughty Boy chats about his love of home cooking and feeding the likes of Sam Smith, Ed Sheeran, Mary J Blige and Zayn Malik.
In Podcast
Under the name of Naughty Boy, producer Shahid Khan has been behind some of the most succesful pop music of the last few years.
As a seventeen year old growing up in Watford, Shahid was turned onto the possibilities of music after hearing Timbaland and Aaliyah's 'Try Again' but he only began making music 11 years ago.
His career was kickstarted by a grant from the Princes Trust and an appearance on Deal or No Deal which netted him the forty grand he used to fund a collaboration with Bashy. The resulting track "Black Boys" became one of the first UK urban tracks to be playlisted on MTV Base .
His breakthrough came in 2013 when "La La La" shot to number one. The song featured a relatively unknown Sam Smith and since then Shahid has worked with the likes of Beyonce, Ed Sheeran, Emilie Sande, Popcaan, Janet Jackson and Missy Elliot. This year he's back with a Joe Jonas collaboration which is the first song taken from his second album.
Shahid is a real foodie, whether it's rustling up a lamb kofte for Sam Smith, a spicy curry for Zayn Malik or a cottage pie for Mary J Blige and on this episode of Talk The Line we're chatting about his love of home cooking.
#cooking #naughty boy
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Tracey Thorn on London Walking
Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson on Paganism


Madalyn Kell, 87, died March 11, 2019 of natural causes at the Mifflin Center, Shillington, PA where she was living since February 2018. Madalyn was the wife of the late George R. Kell and daughter of the late Bill and Gladys Fritz. She was born and raised on a farm in Benton, Columbia County, PA. She and George were married in the Benton United Methodist Church in 1954. Madalyn was a member of Calvary United Methodist Church, Mohnton, PA since 1971 when she moved to the area with her family. She was a compassionate person with a quick wit and deep concern for young people. She served as youth leader and was very active in the life of Calvary. Before coming to the Reading area, Madalyn was also youth leader at Shepherdstown United Methodist Church in Mechanicsburg, PA. Madalyn was wonderfully creative and focused much of her creativity into teaching art. Her interest in art and teaching began early and was nurtured at the State Teachers College in Indiana, PA. At Indiana, from which she graduated in 1953, Madalyn met lifelong friends, was elected president of her Zeta Tau Alpha sorority and was a cheerleader at Indiana football games. Her first teaching job was at the Scotland School for Veterans Children in Scotland, PA. She met her future husband while searching dealerships for a used car that would get her to her new teaching job. Later, she taught at Upper Allen Elementary School in Mechanicsburg, PA and retired from teaching at Governor Mifflin Intermediate School, in Shillington PA. From an early age, Madalyn played the piano and loved music, something she inherited from her father. In high school she accompanied choral assemblies, silent movies and visiting magicians. She even played on the radio. Madalyn also had a rich alto voice and in younger years sang in a trio at church gatherings and performances. Madalyn was preceded in death by her husband George and two brothers, Sterling and Carroll Fritz. Surviving are her sons Jeffrey Kell (Joni Dowling-Kell) of Rochester NY and Bradley Kell (Mame Kell) of Kenmore, WA and daughter Jennifer Wocklish (Tom Wocklish). Madalyn is survived by four wonderful grandchildren, Valerie Wocklish, Tyson Wocklish, Kevin Kell and Tessa Kell and one beloved great grandchild, Carson Wocklish. Throughout her life, Madalyn has been so very grateful for the family, friends, neighbors and colleagues who have filled her life with joy and supported her through many good and difficult times. Thank you as well to the staff at The Heritage, The Green Hills Manor and the caring people at Mifflin Center.


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30 Powerful Picture Books About Death
Updated Mar. 27, 2019
Death can be a difficult conversation with our little ones, but it's definitely an important one. You never know when a loved one or pet might pass away, and helping them be familiar with the concept can help them cope if someone in their life does die. These books are a great help to start that conversation and create some special, safe moments learning about life and death together with your child.
Top 10 Death Books
Ida, Always
Written by Caron Levis and illustrated by Charles Santoso
Thoughts from Mr. Staccato
A beautiful, calming book about two bears that spend their days together at the zoo, loving life and their friendship. Things change one day, however, when Gus learns that Ida is sick and not going to get better. This book introduces a difficult topic and the pain that is often associated with losing a loved one, but it makes you feel like everything is going to turn out alright.
A polar bear grieves over the loss of his companion, based on the real-life Gus and Ida of New York's Central Park Zoo.
Wherever You Are
Written and illustrated by Nancy Tillman
This one brings the tears...such a meaningful, beautiful, loving book that is a perfect reminder of love from someone who has passed on or even just lives far away. The illustrations are sweet, and the text talks about all of the things around you that are reminders of love from someone who can't be near.
. . . I wanted you more than you'll ever know, so I sent love to follow wherever you go. . . . Love is the greatest gift we have to give our children. It's the one thing they can carry with them each and every day. If love could take shape it might look something like these heartfelt words and images from the inimitable Nancy Tillman. Here is a book to share with your loved ones, no matter how near or far, young or old, they are.
Written and illustrated by Debi Gliori
Small, a little fox, seeks reassurance that Large will always provide love, no matter what.
Something Very Sad Happened
Written by Bonnie Zucker and illustrated by Kim Fleming
A "tool for parents, caregivers, therapists, and teachers to help young children understand the concept of death and begin the process of coping with the loss"--Amazon.com.
The Invisible String
Written by Patrice Karst and illustrated by Geoff Stevenson
I love the lesson shared by this book. I especially love how well the story of the String works literally, like the "tugs" that we feel for each other. It's message about that String connecting even with deceased loved ones is certain to help console any reader, young or old, coping with loss.
Picture book for children 4-8 years of age. A simple story that reminds children they are never truly alone. People who love each other are connected by an invisible string made of love.
The Memory Box
Written by Joanna Rowland and illustrated by Thea Baker
Grieving over the death of a special person, a young child creates a memory box to keep mementos and written memories of the loved one. Includes a guide for parents with information from a Christian perspective on helping manage the complex and difficult emotions children feel when they lose someone they love, as well as suggestions on how to create their own memory box.
The Goodbye Book
Written and illustrated by Todd Parr
From bestselling author Todd Parr, a poignant and reassuring story about loss. Through the lens of a pet fish who has lost his companion, Todd Parr tells a moving and wholly accessible story about saying goodbye. Touching upon the host of emotions children experience, Todd reminds readers that it's okay not to know all the answers, and that someone will always be there to support them. An invaluable resource for life's toughest moments.
Written and illustrated by Hans Wilhelm
A child's sadness at the death of a beloved dog is tempered by the remembrance of saying to it every nignt, "I'll always love you."
One Wave at a Time
Written by Holly Thompson and illustrated by Ashley Crowley
After his father dies, Kai experiences all kinds of emotions: sadness, anger, fear, guilt. Sometimes they crash and mix together. Other times, there are no emotions at all—just flatness. As Kai and his family adjust to life without Dad, the waves still roll in. But with the help of friends and one another, they learn to cope—and, eventually, heal. A lyrical story about grieving for anyone encountering loss.
Finn's Feather
Written by Rachel Noble and illustrated by Zoey Abbott
Finn runs to show his mother the feather left for him by his brother Hamish, who is now an angel, but she only gives him a big hug. In school, Finn's teacher responds similarly. Why isn't anyone as excited as he is? Finn sits quietly, cradling the beautiful, amazing feather. "Why did Hamish give it to you?" asks his friend. "Maybe he wanted to say hi?" wonders Finn. "Maybe," his friend replies, mischief sparkling in his eyes, "Hamish wanted you to have fun with it." Finn's Feather, beautifully illustrated by Zoey Abbot, is a story of love, loss, memory, and presence. It was written by Rachel Nobel following the loss of her son in 2012. This marks the author's and illustrator's debut into the world of picture books.
Books About Coping With Death & Death
Something Very Sad Happened - A "tool for parents, caregivers, therapists, and teachers to help young children understand the concept of death and begin the process of coping with the loss"--Amazon.com.
The Invisible String - The Goodfather - I love the lesson shared by this book. I especially love how well the story of the String works literally, like the "tugs" that we feel for each other. It's message about that String connecting even with deceased loved ones is certain to help console any reader, young or old, coping with loss.
The Memory Box - Grieving over the death of a special person, a young child creates a memory box to keep mementos and written memories of the loved one. Includes a guide for parents with information from a Christian perspective on helping manage the complex and difficult emotions children feel when they lose someone they love, as well as suggestions on how to create their own memory box.
The Goodbye Book - From bestselling author Todd Parr, a poignant and reassuring story about loss. Through the lens of a pet fish who has lost his companion, Todd Parr tells a moving and wholly accessible story about saying goodbye. Touching upon the host of emotions children experience, Todd reminds readers that it's okay not to know all the answers, and that someone will always be there to support them. An invaluable resource for life's toughest moments.
Want to see even more books about death and coping with death?
How about books about coping with death?
Books About Bereavement & Death
Want to see even more books about death and bereavement?
How about books about bereavement?
Books About Love & Death
Always Remember - A lyrically told, beautifully illustrated book that brings comfort to children–and adults–who have lost someone they love After Old Turtle swims his last swim and breathes his last breath, and the waves gently take him away, his friends lovingly remember how he impacted each and every one of them. As the sea animals think back on how much better Old Turtle made their lives and their world, they realize that he is not truly gone, because his memory and legacy will last forever. Jago's gorgeous illustrations accompany Cece Meng's serene text in a book that will help chidren understand and cope with the death of a loved one.
Grandpa's Stories - One young girl reflects on a year with her beloved grandpa. She remembers the fields and parks they explored in the springtime and the old toys they fixed up in the summer. She remembers the handmade gifts they exchanged in the fall and the stories Grandpa told by the fi re each winter. But this year, the girl must say good-bye to Grandpa. In the face of her grief, she is determined to find a way to honor him. She decides to record her Grandpa stories in the notebook he made for her and carry Grandpa with her as she grows. An honest and relatable depiction of loss, Grandpa's Stories celebrates life and the ways in which love lives on.
Heart and the Bottle - There is a wonder and magic to childhood. We don't realize it at the time, of course . . . yet the adults in our lives do. They encourage us to see things in the stars, to find joy in colors and laughter as we play. But what happens when that special someone who encourages such wonder and magic is no longer around? We can hide, we can place our heart in a bottle and grow up . . . or we can find another special someone who understands the magic. And we can encourage them to see things in the stars, find joy among colors and laughter as they play. Oliver Jeffers delivers a remarkable book, a tale of poignancy and resonance reminiscent of The Giving Tree that will speak to the hearts of children and parents alike.
Want to see even more books about death and love?
How about books about love?
Books About Pets & Death
A Stone for Sascha
Written and illustrated by Aaron Becker
A girl grieves the loss of her dog in an achingly beautiful wordless epic from the Caldecott Honor-winning creator of Journey. This year's summer vacation will be very different for a young girl and her family without Sascha, the beloved family dog, along for the ride. But a wistful walk along the beach to gather cool, polished stones becomes a brilliant turning point in the girl's grief. There, at the edge of a vast ocean beneath an infinite sky, she uncovers, alongside the reader, a profound and joyous truth. In his first picture book following the conclusion of his best-selling Journey trilogy, Aaron Becker achieves a tremendous feat, connecting the private, personal loss of one child to a cycle spanning millennia -- and delivering a stunningly layered tale that demands to be pored over again and again.
My Old Pal, Oscar - After a young boy's beloved pet passes away, he encounters an adorable stray dog on the beach. The boy tries to walk away and ignore the cuddly creature, but the puppy continues to follow him, undeterred. Though the boy is still dealing with the pain of his loss and feels afraid to care about a new pet again, as the two walk the sand together, the boy slowly opens himself up to the joy of having a new dog in his life and making peace with the past. New York Times bestselling Amy Hest and Amy Bates, the beloved team who created The Dog Who Belonged to No One, have created a touching story about new beginnings and how friendship and love have the power to heal.
Saying Goodbye to Lulu - When her dog Lulu dies, a girl grieves but then continues with her life.
The Rough Patch - Evan and his dog do everything together. They play and read and eat. But mostly you will find them tending to Evan's extraordinary garden, where flowers and other good things flourish and reach for the sky. But friends don't always stay forever, and when Evan loses his, he destroys the place that meant the most to them, and creates something to match his mood. Something ugly and twisted, sad and stubborn, ragged and rough—and he likes it that way. Until one day . . . New York Times–bestselling author Brian Lies has created a breathtakingly beautiful and luminescent book about loss and grief, love and hope, and the healing power of friendship, curiosity, and nature.
Want to see even more books about death and pets?
How about books about pets?
+ coping with death (25)
+ bereavement (21)
+ love (6)
+ pets (6)


If you're contemplating obtaining a motorcycle, then think about a BMW. The cause of painting your motorcycle is to become rid of scratch marks and wear as a way to reach a premium quality striking finish your bike deserves. You all are knowledgeable about the term motorcycle.
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If you're contemplating obtaining a motorcycle, then think about a BMW. The cause of painting your motorcycle is to become rid of scratch marks and wear as a way to reach a premium quality striking finish your bike deserves. You all are knowledgeable about the term motorcycle.
Should you be interested in receiving a bike, then knowing your financial alternatives is among the very first priorities to contemplate. Should youn't need a heavy bike, search for a different form of motorcycle. It cushions the bike together with maximum security. Sport bikes, also referred to as a crotch rockets, are another kind of motorcycle that are famous for their capacity to speed. In spite of the fact people utilize these bikes within this manner each and every day, this sort of motorcycle is intended for short preferably non interstate highway based trips. Based on your skill degree, you ought to look for a bike with the smallest quantity of damage.
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Finding the perfect balance between work and home- is it possible?
From trying to do your best at your job, to going to your kid's baseball game to finally fixing the squeaky door, it's a challenge to balance your time. The line between work-life and personal-life is often blurred making it difficult to find the right balance between your career and your family.
Read the tips below to learn how you can get started on the path to living a happy and fulfilling life!
There are companies that do not understand or prioritize their employees' work-life balance. It can be hard to find an employer who shares the same goals of having both a challenging career and a thriving personal life. The good news is there are companies that are perfect for reaching the right balance for you. From consumer product makers to tech companies, there are companies that give you the necessary personal and relaxation time to thrive at your job and at home. Salesforce, JetBlue Airways and American Express are some examples of large companies that understand and respect their employees' personal life. They aim to help their employees enjoy their job while being able to spend time with family.
Don't text while you're at your son's baseball game. Don't check your work email while you are having dinner or hanging out with your friends. If you are constantly on your phone, it's hard for the work day to actually end. We all know there are times that there is a huge project due at work or a major crisis happens, but if you are checking your phone or email too often, your mind is never leaving work. That means you're not shifting your focus onto you or your family. Challenge yourself to not look at your phone until after dinner. It will help your relax and be present.
Come on, you deserve some time off. The average U.S. employee only takes half of his or her eligible vacation. Taking a vacation allows you to not only spend valuable time with friends and family, it also gives you time for peace and quiet. You need to take time to reboot and refresh.
Use a calendar to manage both professional and personal priorities. Not only does a calendar help you remember birthdays and those important deadlines, it helps you stay accountable and follow through. It also helps you visually organize your time and prioritize. You can physically see your free time and be able to find the time to work on yourself.
Besides a physical calendar, have a mental one. Follow an established morning and bedtime routine to make sure days start and end on the right note. Nighttime rituals especially serve as a signal to your body that it's time to wind down for sleep.
You no longer have the metabolism of a sixteen year old, so you can't consume copious amounts of greasy foods without some serious consequences. Doing physical activity even as small as walking or biking to work, will help you stay in shape and also works as a great stress reliever.
Taking some quiet time, such as having lunch away from your desk or going on a walk, will let you channel negative feelings in a productive way. It can be something as simple as reading a book, meditating or even drawing a picture. Take some deep breaths and calm yourself to be ready to get back out there.
Setting boundaries will help you stay focused on both work and life. Look at your day's priorities and your previous commitments and see what limits you will have that day. Establish your boundaries with others, such as when to talk about work with your significant other or how often you can meet with co-workers after work. If you can't live up to your set boundaries, then you need to redefine them so you can.
Instead of trying to do it all, focus on activities you specialize in and value. A work-life balance doesn't have to be a myth. There are many ways to find the right balance for you. What are some struggles you have found when trying to do it all?


Systems software programs support application software by directing the basic func- tions of the computer. For example, when the computer is turned on, the initialization... The primary difference between AutoCAD and other 3D programs is the purpose it's designed for. Your usual 3D modeling and animation programs are designed to be a blank canvas where you can build anything from scratch.


I mean to crate a thread where everyone can post his/her projects of typed images in ppl bios.
Do you mean Ascii Art (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art)? Been doing this since the 80's.
Yes I'm old. Get off my lawn.


Lithuania Climate is transitional between maritime and continental. You have no reason to worry about weather in Lithuania. The average annual temperature is about 6 C. The average temperature of January is -4.8 C. (in Ignalina). The average temperature of July is 17.2 C, fluctuates from 16.5 C (in Klaipeda) to 17.6 C (in Kaunas). The mean annual precipitation varies from 540 mm (in the Middle Lowlands) to 930 mm (on the southwest slopes of the Zemaitija Uplands). The greatest amount of it falls in August, at the seaside - in October. The vegetation season in Lithuania lasts from 169 to 202 days (the shortest - is in Eastern Lithuania, the longest - at the seaside). Above all, Lithuania weather is not a deterrent to the travelers and visitors. People from across the world get in to the place to relax and enjoy like anything.


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Mary Chinery-Hesse, , née Blay (born 29 October 1938) is an international civil servant and diplomat serving as the first woman Chancellor of the University of Ghana, inducted on 1 August 2018. She was the first female Deputy Director-General of the International Labour Organization

Early life and education
Mary Blay was born to Robert Samuel Blay, a barrister, jurist and a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana during the First Republic. Her mother was Dinah Blay. She had her secondary education at the Wesley Girls' Senior High School in Cape Coast. She also holds a BA (Hons) in Sociology and Economics, and Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) from the University of Ghana and did postgraduate training in Development Economics at the University of Dublin.

Career
In her early career, Mary Chinery-Hesse was a Principal Secretary at the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, and Secretary of the National Economic Planning Council. She joined the UN in 1981 where she held the appointment of the first African Woman Resident Coordinator of the United Nations System and Resident Representative of UNDP to many countries including, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, the Seychelles, and Uganda. She headed the Consultative Committee on Programme and Operational Questions (CCPOQ) of the United Nations from 1993 to 1998, the Commonwealth Expert Group of Eminent Persons on Structural Adjustment and Women and was instrumental in the published report, Engendering Adjustment. She belonged to the Council of African Advisers of the World Bank between 1992 and 1998. In the 1990s, she chaired the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on Review of Progress in the Implementation of the Programme for the Least Developed Countries. She was a member of the Eminent Persons' Advisory Panel of the African Union and served on the Zedillo Commission, more formally known as the Distinguished High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on Financing for Development.

In 1989, she was appointed as the first woman Deputy Director-General of the International Labour Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. She served as an advisor to John Kufour, the former President of Ghana. She was the Vice-Chairman of the National Development Planning Commission.

She has served on several boards including those at the Centre for Policy Analysis and the Voluntary Fund for Technical Cooperation-UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. She was also a Commissioner at the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission and at the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa.

She was appointed as the Chancellor of the University of Ghana. She assumed this position on 1 August 2018, and succeeded Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary-General.

Chinery-Hesse Committee
She was commissioned by the erstwhile government of former President John Kufour to determine the end of service benefits/emoluments of Article 71 officer holders.

Personal life
She was married to Lebrecht James Chinery-Hesse (1930-2018), a Ghanaian lawyer and a former principal state attorney who had done international stints in Sierra Leone, Zambia and Uganda, and was awarded the Grand Medal by the Ghanaian government. Their son, Herman Chinery-Hesse is a software entrepreneur.

Works

 Chinnery-Hesse, Mary et al. (1989) "Engendering adjustment for the 1990s : report of a Commonwealth expert group on women and structural adjustment" London: Commonwealth Secretariat

Legacy
From 2010 to 2013, she was a member of the Panel of the Wise, a consultative body of the African Union for West Africa and the Board Chairman for Zenith Bank, Ghana.

Awards and recognition
Chinery-Hesse received the highest national award of Ghana the Order of the Star of Ghana under the John Kufour's administration. She was also awarded the Gusi Peace Prize for International Diplomacy and Humanitarianism in Manila, Philippines, on 24 November 2010. In November 2021, she was awarded an honorary doctorate  by the University of London for her contributions to public service.

References

Living people
Akan people
Ghanaian civil servants
Ghanaian Protestants
People from Accra
University of Ghana alumni
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
People educated at Wesley Girls' Senior High School
Ghanaian Methodists
1938 births
Ghanaian presidential advisors
International Labour Organization people
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
Honorary Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Private Excursion
Private Tours in the South of France
Discover Provence & French Riviera
contact@private-excursion.com
Private Tours in Provence
Private-Excursion
Let me show you all the beauties of Provence.
Romain Bouchaud Tour Guide
Provence is my homeland, where I grew up, where I live. I love my territory, its nature, its history, its people and its culture.
I became a professional guide-lecturer because I love to connect travelers with my land and help them fall in love with its beauties just as I am.
People of Provence are quite different than other French people. Provence has a very different history than France and it was before an independent kingdom. But let's talk more about history later…because it is long, complicated, but fascinating.
I can meet you anywhere you are in Provence.
Whether you are staying on a cruise ship, in a hotel or in a private residence, I can pick you up at the time you desire to start our exploration.
I can provide any kind of tours for any group size from walking tours to van tours and from bus tours to yacht tours or helicopter tours. I can also organize balloon flights over the lavender fields or having you trying the last Ferrari on a racetrack.
Find below the must things to do for a perfect day trip in Provence:
Tour Aix en Provence, Marseille & Cassis
Those 3 destinations can be explored within 7 or 8 ours starting from Marseille. For me this tour is the best if it is your first ime in Provence. You will discover 3 very different destinations, atmospheres and landscapes.
Aix en Provence is the former capital city of the Kingdom of Provence and many consider it as the most beautiful city in Provence. It is very elegant, "Bourgeois" and perfect for a walking tour passing by markets and local shops while tasting local specialties.
Marseille is the capital city of Provence since the French Revolution. It is also the oldest French city with 2600 years of history. It is a big city and the biggest port of France. It is perfect for a panoramic tour with a couple must stops such as the basilica Notre Dame de la Garde.
Cassis is a small port south from Marseille nested between huge cliffs. It offers the best panoramas over the coast of Provence and is the heart of the Calanques National Park.
Follow Van Gogh Footsteps in Provence
A must if you like the painter ! On this tour we will go to Arles and Saint Rémy de Provence. We will first stop by Van Gogh's Langlois Bridge and then go for a walking tour in Arles to see where he used to live, where he painted, where he had his fight with Paul Gaugin and where he when after cutting his ear. We will follow to Saint Rémy de Provence to explore the Asylum where he stayed. It is a monastery called Saint Paul de Mausole. It is a magic place. I highly recommend this tour not only for Van Gogh but also for the beautiful landscapes and the amazing heritage from the Roman Empire that is visible everywhere.
The Popes & Their Love For Wine !
On this tour we will explore Avignon together where stands the impressive Popes Palace from the 14th century. The Popes remained in Provence during an entire century. It is a fascinating piece of history involving the Italian civil war, the King of France, the Knights Templar's, the King of Provence, the King of England and the Popes. Let's explore together the Popes Palace, the biggest palace build in the 14th century.
When the Popes were in Avignon, one of them decides to plant grapes next to the city on a hill dominating the Rhone river. He also decided to have a secondary residence there and thus created Châteauneuf du Pape. The wines from Châteauneuf du Pape are nowadays famous in the entire world, especially for the quality of their powerful reds. But did you know that they also produce white and that it is impossible to find outside of the village because it is less than 5% of the production ? Come with me and let's taste the best red and white Châteauneuf du Pape directly in the wine estates.
Yacht Tour In The Calanques National Park
Better than a simple boat trip to the Calanques (fjords) that doesn't let you get down the boat to the beach and swim into the crystal clear waters of the National Park, let's board a private yacht in Marseille Old Port with a private captain for the day. The yacht can host up to 16 people and the captain (quite a funny man) provides food, drinks (including Champagne) snorkeling equipment and a 3-seat jet-ski to go ashore. A perfect day to share with your party !
There are many other nice things to enjoy in Provence depending on your main center of interest such as:
Following to Footsteps of Mary Magdalene who lived and died in Provence.
Exploring the heritage of Cézanne in Aix en Provence and visiting his Studio.
Go to the lavender fields in the Lubéron Nature Park and visit the lavender museum, or fly over the fields on a helicopter tour of Provence.
Exploring the Pont du Gard (the biggest Roman Empire Aqueduct) and its museum of Roman Engineering.
Admire the best painting exhibition of Provence in "Les Carrières de Lumières" in Les Baux de Provence.
Please contact me, write me, phone me for more information and to organize your private tour in Provence.
Kindest regards.


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HEALTH CLINIC - Sunday, April 7, 2019 -- email Wendy Stang at wendy@bctonline.com for an appointment.
EYE CLINIC Dr. Paul Scherlie will perform eye exams. Forms will be provided for you to fill out when you arrive (OFA eye forms available day of clinic). Upon arrival for eye exams, don't forget that your dog will need drops in his/her eyes prior to the exam and you need to fill out the forms so arrive at least 20 minutes prior to your appointment. OFA Eye Exams $30.00 each.
Appointments Please – For heart and eye exam appointments email Wendy Stang at wendy@bctonline.com or call (503) 704-2321. Walk-ins may be worked in around appointments if time allows. Eye and heart exams may be paid by VISA or MASTERCARD, cash or check.