--10 Handmade CHRISTMAS/HOLIDAY Cards--Joyous Noel, Copper Foil-CLEARANCE!
10 Handmade CHRISTMAS cards, Dec. Sale, ornaments, trees-Stampin Up!-CLEARANCE!
--6 Handmade CHRISTMAS/HOLIDAY Cards-In Acetate Gift Box, CLEARANCE!


Your engine's oil is it's life blood. Proper maintenance and regular oil changes helps your engine stay in good operating condition. We recommend changing your oil every three months or three thousand miles (3 months / 3,000 miles) which ever comes first for most daily driven vehicles. Some vehicles have different service and maintenance intervals. If you are not sure what your vehicle needs, bring it to the trustworthy professionals at Coastal Tire and Auto Service. Every automobile manufacturer establishes recommended oil change intervals for each model they manufacture. Some oil change intervals are 5,000-7,500 miles for many new cars. You should follow your car manufacturer's recommendations on oil change intervals while the car is under warranty. If your car is no longer under warranty, you can extend your oil change intervals by upgrading to synthetic motor oil. There are a number of quality synthetic motor oils available to choose from. Most lubricant manufacturers will give a recommended number of miles you can drive between oil changes under normal conditions. The number of miles you can allow between oil changes will depend on the way you drive and the oxidation stability (useful oil life) of the motor oil. Call or stop by the shop for more detailed service and maintenance information for your vehicle.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) established a numerical code system for grading motor oils according to their kinematic viscosity.
The viscosity (or thickness) of single-grade oil derived from petroleum unimproved with additives changes considerably with temperature. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the oil decreases. On single-grade oils, viscosity testing can be done at cold, winter (W) temperature to grade an oil as SAE number 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, or 25W.
The temperature range the oil is exposed to in most vehicles can be wide, ranging from cold temperatures in the winter before the vehicle is started up to hot operating temperatures when the vehicle is fully warmed up in hot summer weather. A specific oil will have high viscosity when cold and a low viscosity at the engine's operating temperature. The difference in viscosities for any single-grade oil is too large between the extremes of temperature. To bring the difference in viscosities closer together, special polymer additives called viscosity index improvers, or VIs are added to the oil. These additives make the oil a multi-grade motor oil.
10W-30 designates a common multi-grade oil. Historically, the first number associated with the W (the 'W' is for Winter, not Weight) is not rated at any single temperature. The "10W" means that this oil can be pumped by your engine as well as a single-grade SAE 10 oil can be pumped. The second number, 30, means that the viscosity of this multi-grade oil at 100°C (212°F) operating temperature corresponds to the viscosity of a single-grade 30 oil at same temperature.
Coastal Tire and Auto Services has the best brands of conventional and synthetic motor oils as well as oil filters. If you prefer a specific brand of oil and/or oil filter, please let us know. We are happy to service your vehicle with high quality parts at affordable prices. Call or visit the shop today to have your oil changed. Coastal Tire and Auto Service uses environmentally responsible used oil collection and storage methods. Used oil and filters are sent to recycling centers that help to conserve and renew our planet's resources.


In Real Life, a small band of the al-Queda terrorist network, a terrorist group operating outside the law, takes it upon themselves to rid the world of the scourge of the United States. They fly a surprise attack against the United State's primary symbol of its economic power, and destroy the World Trade Center. In "Operation Enduring Freedom", the United States, angry at the loss of its World Trade Center, initiates a massive campaign against the al-Queda terrorist network, destroying their main base of operations.
In Star Wars, a small band of the Rebel Alliance, a terrorist group operating outside the law, takes it upon themselves to rid the universe of the scourge of the Empire. They fly a surprise attack against the Empire's primary symbol of its war power, and destroy the Death Star. In "The Empire Strikes Back", the Empire, angry at the loss of its Death Star, initiates a massive campaign against the Rebel Alliance, destroying their main base of operations. In "Return of the Jedi", the Rebel Alliance retaliates to destroy the Empire's last power center, and along with it, Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader. Thus a new age is ushered in, with the galaxy no longer in the grips of the Empire, but returning to the teachings of the Jedi.
Logically, in "Return of the Muslims", the al-Queda terrorist network retaliates to destroy the United State's last power center, and along with it, President Bush and Colin Powell. Thus a new age is ushered in, with the world no longer in the grips of the United States, but returning to the teachings of the Muslims.
This has been by far my most controversial chapter, with many people taking both sides on whether something like this should even be written. My purpose with the piece was not to offend, but rather to force a different perspective at a time where it seemed there was a halt on independent thought.


Latest News – Class moved and space available!
The open workshop scheduled for Sunday 28th January has been move to Saturday 27th January. At the time of writing there are two places available so if you are interested please get in touch as soon as possible.


Bruxism (derived from Greek βρυγμός, masculine noun - grinding [teeth]) is grinding of the teeth. The infinitive is "to brux".
Often, it occurs during sleep; even a short nap may induce it. In a typical case, the canines and incisors are commonly moved against each other laterally, i.e. with a side to side action. This abrades tooth enamel, removing the sharp biting surfaces and flattening the edges of the teeth. Sometimes, there is a tendency to grind the molars together, which can be loud enough to wake a sleeping partner.
The cause, or causes, of bruxism remains unclear. Some dentists believe it is due to a lack of symmetry in the teeth; others, that it reflects anxiety, digestive problems or a disturbed sleep pattern. The most likely explanation is that the cause of bruxism includes the simultaneous conditions of emotional stress and occlusal disharmony (where teeth do not bite down on each other correctly).
A recently introduced device called the BiteStrip enables at-home overnight testing for Sleep Bruxism and might help diagnose bruxism before damage appeared on the teeth. The device is a miniature electromyograph machine that senses jaw muscle activity while the patient sleeps. A dentist can establish the severity level, which helps in choosing a treatment plan.
The effects of the condition may be quite advanced before sufferers are aware they brux. Abraded teeth may be brought to the patient's attention during a routine dental examination. If enough enamel is abraded, the softer dentine will be exposed, and abrasion will accelerate. This opens the possibility of dental decay and tooth fracture, and in some people, gum recession. Early intervention by a dentist is advisable.
Unfortunately, there is no accepted cure as yet; mainly as there is no accepted model of causation for the condition. Ongoing management of bruxism is based on prevention of the abrasion of tooth surfaces by the wearing of an acrylic dental guard, created to the shape of the individual's upper teeth from a bite mould. This requires trips to the dentist for measuring and fitting. Alongside this full width guard, smaller and alternative shapes can be obtained, some with proprietary names. It is worth noting that some clinicians advise against the fitting of fitted guards as a long term treatment.
Though, presently, there is no cure available for bruxers, it may be found beneficial to work at reducing stress and anxiety before bedtime, by a winding-down activity such as massage, meditation or reading, and eating early enough to ensure a fairly empty stomach at bedtime may also help. Additionally, there is some evidence to suggest that prolonged magnesium supplementation may alleviate bruxism.


4. Quickly and easily copy text into and out of TextFix • Use the icons at the top of the screen to:Your Workspace - Replace the current document with the clipboard. - Copy the current document onto the clipboard.
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TOPIC: Am I able to track my order?
You may track the progress of your order on your My Account page. We will show the status of your order from the time it is processed to the time it has shipped. At this time we do not offer tracking numbers for standard shipping.
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Suspended House of rep part Abdulmumin Jibrin and his dazzling spouse, Maryam, who got married in November 2014 in Abuja, have respected their first tyke together..
Abdulmumin, who took to his IG page to share the uplifting news, uncovered that the child young lady is named Fauzia and said thanks to his better half to carry the infant for 9 months and for being a superb spouse.
We welcome to the world with so much joy baby Fauzia. May Allah SWT grant her and her worthy mother, Maryam His blessings, amin Ya Rabbi. Well, 9months is no joke. We can never be able to pay back our wives and mothers for that delicate and extremely tough 9 months journey.


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Home » In Person, Live Music
Bessie, Billie, & Nina – Pioneering Women in Jazz (Santa Rosa)
Tuesday, March 22, 2022 - 7:30 pm to 10:00 pm | Cost: $35*
*$35 & $49
Luther Burbank Center for the Arts | 50 Mark West Springs Rd, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
LBC Presents
Bessie, Billie, & Nina – Pioneering Women in Jazz
Tuesday, March 22, 2022 at 7:30PM
$35 & $49
Tickets on sale Friday, June 11th at 10am!
Become a member to buy early and guarantee your tickets.
Don't wait until June 11th—call 707.546.3600 or join online!
Produced by Grammy®-winning Eli Wolf (Norah Jones, Cassandra Wilson), and with arrangements by pianist and musical director Carmen Staff (Dee Dee Bridgewater), Bessie, Billie, & Nina — Pioneering Women in Jazz features three dynamic vocalists, each a rising star in her own right. Charenée Wade and Camille Thurman are both regular performers with Jazz at Lincoln Center and Tahira Clayton is co-leader of Women in Jazz Organization. Presented in affiliation with WIJO and backed by an all-female band, Wade, Thurman, and Clayton celebrate the enduring legacies of Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, and Nina Simone with performances of classic songs by these iconic women and artists, including Bessie's "Downhearted Blues," Billie's "Strange Fruit," and Nina's "Mississippi Goddam."
The musical and social legacies of Bessie, Billie, and Nina remain as relevant as ever. Their contributions resonate with today's artists across many genres, as well as with ongoing movements toward progress and equality for women, African Americans, and the LGBTQIA+ community. Bessie, Billie, & Nina will entertain, inspire, and empower audiences during this pivotal time in our own history.
Cost: $35*
Categories: In Person, Live Music
Venue: Luther Burbank Center for the Arts
Address: 50 Mark West Springs Rd, Santa Rosa, CA 95403

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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'It is strange to see the British struggling with the beaver': why is rewilding so controversial?
In barely a decade, nature has reconquered a West Sussex estate – but conservationists, farmers and even broadcasters are divided over the R word
Patrick Barkham
@patrick_barkham
Mon 3 Jul 2017 05.13 EDT First published on Sat 1 Jul 2017 19.05 EDT
The rewilded Knepp Castle estate, near Gatwick airport. Photograph: Knepp Safaris
Just down the road from Gatwick, the neatly hedged English countryside gives way to an exuberant, utterly alien-looking landscape. Arable fields are obliterated by dense thickets of sallow. Eight metre-wide blackthorn hedges spill into flowery meadows. Wild pigs and red deer run rampant through ragwort, thistles and other weeds. The air is alive with birdsong rarely heard in Britain today – spectacular bursts of nightingale and the purring of turtle doves.
In barely a decade, rewilded nature has conquered Knepp Castle in West Sussex. Rewilding appears to be conquering conservation too. As Brexit and the savaging of agricultural subsidies loom, farming may also be engulfed by this new wild. But as rewilding blossoms, so do controversies. Scientists recently warned that wild boar illegally released into Scotland could carry the CC398 strain of the MRSA superbug that is resistant to antibiotics.
While many farmers denounce the folly of replacing food production with wilderness, some conservationists admit the term is divisive. Privately, senior National Trust staff say they can't mention the R-word even though they recently launched ambitious plans to "restore" 25,000 hectares of Natural Trust land – creating new meadows, hedges, marshes and woodlands.
Last year the charity was attacked by broadcaster Melvyn Bragg and the author and sheep farmer James Rebanks for purchasing a sheep farm on Borrowdale without the farmhouse, intending to reduce sheep grazing in this part of the Lake District.
In Wales, one ecologist says the concept is alienating landowners and can't be mentioned to farmers. In Northumberland, attempts by the Lynx UK Trust to release the wild cats have been mired in controversy. Even the harmless, herbivorous beaver is the subject of fierce debate: while it was recognised as a native animal in Scotland last year, beavers unofficially released into the river Otter in Devon roam free only on a government trial.
"For us it is strange to see the British struggling with the beaver. Come on, we have thousands of them!" Dutch ecologist Leo Linnartz told a rewilding conference at Knepp Castle last week. Knepp is an intensive 3,500-acre arable and dairy farm that has been dramatically rewilded by its owner, Charlie Burrell. Linnartz says that many Dutch people objected to "nature development" 30 years ago but rewilding principles are now mainstream. "We have wolves coming into the Netherlands again and we are much, much smaller than Britain. If the Dutch can do it, everybody can do it."
In Britain, the movement ignited by writer and environmental activist George Monbiot is popularly seen to seek the return of extinct carnivores – bears, wolves and lynx. In practice, this large-scale restoration of wildlife is returning more modest herbivores to the countryside. Since 2001 at Knepp, Burrell has set free wild herbivores – konik ponies, longhorn cattle, red deer and Tamworth pigs – to mimic the grazing of extinct aurochs, wild boar and wild horses.
Deer on the Knepp Castle estate, West Sussex. Photograph: Knepp Safaris
Nature has bounced back astonishingly quickly. Barren monocultures of maize have been replaced with a landscape that looks more like African savannah. The Knepp Castle estate boasts more purple emperor butterflies than anywhere in Britain. It's thought to be the only place in the country where Britain's fastest-declining bird, the turtle dove, is increasing in number, with at least 16 pairs this summer. It's a hotspot for endangered nightingales. The air is thick with birds of prey – elusive long-eared owls, hobbies and one of the country's only tree-nesting peregrine falcons.
A few rewilding purists scoff at reintroducing herbivorous free-roaming livestock but ecologists say that rewilding's key principle is to replace conservation "mollycoddling" with "restoring natural processes" – allowing a landscape and its plants and animals to run wild. For decades, ecologists believed the end result would be dense forest – and a mass extinction of sun-loving wild flowers and butterflies – but this dogma has been demolished by Dutch ecologist Frans Vera. Since the 1980s Vera has introduced wild cattle, horses and red deer to 4,000 hectares of rewilded marshland at Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve, and proven that "natural" grazing creates a more dynamic landscape, a constantly changing mosaic of open glades and wooded groves.
Why it's time to bring back the great British stork | Patrick Barkham
In the Highlands, rewilding is taking a different form as large landowners such as the Danish owner of Glenfeshie estate and Paul Lister at Alladale restore ancient Caledonian pine forest by culling the historically unprecedentedly high numbers of red deer. But David Balharry, former Scotland director of Rewilding Britain, cautions that rewilding in Scotland will only be championed by policymakers and politicians when it is led by local communities.
For Burrell at Knepp, rewilding has been a pragmatic way to revive the struggling family farm. Ecotourism makes as much profit as his conventional farming business once did. And with Brexit looming, Burrell's diversified business is no longer dependent on the disappearing EU subsidy regime.
Knepp's unproductive heavy clay meant Burrell could not compete with globalised food production. The government's inevitable post-Brexit slashing of farm subsidies could make hundreds of similarly "marginal" farms unprofitable. Burrell's profits may be steady while conventional dairy and cattle farm incomes fall off a cliff but no farmers have yet followed his example.
"It takes a new eye to look at this and say, 'that's beautiful', rather than go, 'that's just a real mess'," says Burrell. "Other farmers may have a moral attitude towards it too – why are you stopping food production?" Burrell produces 75 tonnes of organic free-range meat each year but many farmers criticise rewilding for abandoning productive farmland when the world's population is growing.
The purple emperor thrives on rewilded farmland. Photograph: Alamy Stock Photo
Wouter Helmer, rewilding director of Rewilding Europe, sees no conflict between food production and rewilding: Europe is heading for a future of food produced more intensively in fewer areas, releasing less productive arable land for rewilding, he says. "Farming is being done by fewer and fewer farmers on a larger scale on the best soils. They leave the less profitable lands – the Scottish Highlands or continental marshlands and river deltas become adventure land for an increasingly urban population."
Helmer says there is no point in seeking to feed the world with traditional organic farming because there is no one to do the labour: when he asks Dutch students who wants to farm, none raise their hands. "They have a completely different relationship to nature to their parents or grandparents. They are not fighting with it on a daily basis. On one hand they are disconnected from nature but on the other hand they are becoming more relaxed with nature – it's hunting and gathering but hunting with a camera and gathering experiences. Corporate training or meetings are held outside. The part of the countryside which is not used for intensive farming starts to serve all these new urban needs."
At the Knepp conference, ecology professors reported that students were newly inspired by rewilding but some environmentalists worry how it connects with urban populations. "The challenge is how to make rewilding an issue that people in their ordinary lives can take action on," says Elaine Gilligan of Friends of the Earth. "It has a real wow factor for engaging people in nature but how can rewilding be taken to the streets of Birmingham?"
Rewilders argue that reducing flood risks for cities is one practical way rewilding can enhance urban life. The Yorkshire Peat Partnership is restoring 30,000 hectares of upland bogs which act as giant sponges for floodwater. Conservationists are also working with Leeds city council on proposals to rewild the upper river Aire – adding meanders, planting trees and creating new washlands – to reduce the floodwater flows through Leeds.
Great British Bee Count 2017 – in pictures
As well as reducing flood risk, rewilding alleviates soil erosion, says Ted Green, founder president of the Ancient Tree Forum. Intensive farming can worsen flash flooding, and cause fertile soils to be swept out to sea. "The land may belong to the landowner but the soil must belong to the nation," says Green. "We are fertilising the ocean. When you see people cleaning out their houses after floods, you don't see them removing water, you see them removing mud. If we used the word 'mud' instead of floodwater, it's no longer an engineering problem – it's a farming problem."
As conventional conservation jumps on the rewilding bandwagon, Miles King, founder of the charity People Need Nature, fears it could become a cliche. A project to release water voles into Northumberland was recently described as rewilding. "That's just a basic conservation project," says King. "The risk is you end up rebadging all these conventional nature conservation activities as rewilding in the hope that people take an interest. We need to avoid being sucked into that."
And some conservationists worry that rewilding could replace the traditional protection of rare species on small nature reserves. "If rewilding really takes off there's a risk people will say, 'Oh we don't have to do any of that old stuff,'" says Matt Shardlow, chief executive of Buglife. "But we still have habitat fragmentation and species in tiny places and we have to take care of them even if you have some areas made bigger for wildlife.
"If in 100 years time you have a Knepp in every parish, maybe some species can come off the endangered lists and won't need such precious care."
As turtle doves purred in the burgeoning thickets at Knepp, the conservationist Sir John Lawton, the author of the influential government report, Making Space for Nature, led a rallying cry for "more, bigger, better and joined" wild areas. "We need more Knepps and Ennerdales. If we can do impressive mid-range rewilding somewhere as close to Gatwick airport as this, we can do it anywhere. This is the south-east of England for crying out loud! Let's not pretend we can't make space for nature because we can and we must."
Purists wouldn't call it rewilding but some councils are relaxing their management of verges and parks, letting grass grow longer and allowing wild flower areas to develop. Burnley borough council estimates it is saving £58,000 a year by reducing grass-cutting to benefit wildlife. Councils including Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, East Sussex and Bristol have adopted "pollinator action plans" with strategies for wilder areas to encourage bees and butterflies. Friends of the Earth is campaigning for more local action for on pollinators.
Flutter bye: where did all the city butterflies go?
Gardeners are unlikely to be able to reintroduce wild boar (rewilders say you need a minimum of 120 hectares to create a large enough area for wild grazing) but we can at least liberate our lawns. Instead of unleashing wild ponies, sow yellow rattle, a flower that is a parasite of grass and creates space for wild flowers and herbs. Long grass is the food plant for butterfly caterpillars including meadow browns, ringlets and marbled whites, and home for grasshoppers and meadow ants that attract green woodpeckers.
Many rewilded Dutch reserves are coastal and riverine areas close to cities and towns and some of the most exciting rewilding in Britain is happening on the Thames estuary. The RSPB has returned the arable flatlands of Wallasea Island to salt marsh, while rewilded brownfield nature reserves such as Canvey Wick are "brownfield tropical rainforests", rich in rare invertebrate species. Even London has new wild habitats, such as Woodberry Wetlands in north London, where bittern lurk in new reedbeds.
There are dozens of exciting habitat creation or restoration projects under way across Britain. The Great Fen Project in Cambridgeshire seeks to connect the last fragments of undrained fen and restore a unique wetland once home to the extinct large copper butterfly. The great bustard has been reintroduced to Salisbury Plain. The coastline around Medmerry, East Sussex, has been realigned to expand what is the last great wilderness in southern Britain – salt marsh. There are new woodlands, such as Carrifan Wildwood in Scotland's southern uplands and rewilded estates such as Glenfeshie and Knepp can be explored via the public foopaths that cross them.
You can join rewilding campaigns by volunteering for Rewilding Britain, the new charity inspired by George Monbiot.
Beavers released in Forest of Dean as solution to flooding
Hope is that dams built by pair of beavers will hold back water and improve biodiversity
National Trust criticised after hiring marksman to cull wild boar
Animals to be removed from Stourhead estate after complaints from 'intimidated' visitors
Rewilding success stories
Reintroduction programmes of animals driven from their once-natural habits are a cause for optimism
'Boar War': the Forest of Dean pixies fighting against the cull of wild pigs
Activists claim the boar should be welcomed in Gloucestershire – and they are determined to sabotage marksmen targeting pigs roaming ancient woodland
Country diary: beavers adjust to the first proper Highland winter in years
Police hunt wild boar spotted roaming around Gloucester city centre
The Tories' rebranding won't wash: being green is about more than fluffy bunnies
Molly Scott Cato
We dare not say 'rewilding' out loud, but I long for a patch of long grass
Michele Hanson
Published: 3 Jul 2017


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Hakuoki: Stories of the Shinsengumi debuts May 6, limited edition detailed
March 25th, 2014, 23:58 Posted By: wraggster
Localization studio Aksys Games launches its latest campaign to capture theotome (female audience-targeted) adventure game genre with the upcoming PlayStation 3 release of Hakuoki: Stories of the Shinsengumi, due to arrive at retail and digitally via the PlayStation Network on May 6.
Presented as a choose-your-own-adventure styled visual novel, Stories of the Shinsengumi is the first PlayStation 3 entry in the series to arrive stateside. Aksys kicked off the series with Hakuoki: Demon of the Fleeting Blossom and its spin-off action game Hakuoki: Warriors of the Shinsengumi for Sony's PSP, later following up with last year's Hakuoki: Memories of the Shinsengumi for the Nintendo 3DS.
Aksys additionally revealed the contents of its upcoming Limited Edition retail release for Stories of the Shinsengumi. In addition to a copy of the game, the Limited Edition includes an "Omamori" love charm, a Japanese-style comb and a hairpin, allowing players to look their best as they woo the samurai of their dreams.
http://www.joystiq.com/2014/03/25/ha...imited-editio/


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Team payments
How is the Team paid?
How do team members request ad...
Once a project is awarded to a team, and the Team delivers the milestones in accordance to the initial agreement with the Hirer, the Team can then raise an Invoice for a pre-agreed amount for the completed work. Payments for Teams is achieved in two different parts:
The Team Member's Payments
Team Members could be paid in three easy steps:
Step 1 - Each Team Member will raise an invoice for a pre-agreed amount. To do this, the Team Member needs to go to the PAYMENT section of the Project Workstream and click on the 'Invoice to Team Lead' button. Fill in all the required information in the Raise an Invoice form and click on Send Invoice.
Step 2 - The Team Lead will then receive the Members' invoice and will subsequently raise an invoice for that exact amount, to the Hirer. To do this, the Team Lead must go the PAYMENT section of their Project Workstream and click on Invoice to Hirer, and then fill in the required fields.
Step 3 - Once the Hirer receives and accepts the invoice and releases the funds into the Project Workstream, the Team Lead can then Accept the Team Member's invoice and pay that Member, accordingly.
The Team Lead's Payments
The Team Lead could receive its payments by raiding an invoice directly to the Hirer, for the pre-agreed amount. To do this, the Team Lead simply needs to go to the PAYMENT section of their Project Workstream and click on the Invoice to Hirer button. After filling in all the required information and Sending the invoice, the Hirer will then receive and Accept the invoice, and pay the Team Lead, accordingly.
Please note, the invoices could ONLY be accepted, and the Team could ONLY be paid IF there are enough funds available in the Project Workstream. If there are no adequate funds available, the Team Lead must request the remaining funds from the Hirer, or in some cases, seek additional Deposit Payments, and the Hirer MUST release these funds to the Project Workstream prior to Team Lead accepting any of the Team's Invoices.
Click here to find out more on how a Team could request the remaining or additional Deposit Payments...


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'American Idol' Is Returning For Season 19 — When Is The Premiere?
It's been several months since the last season of American Idol wrapped up, and we're ready to see Season 19. Fortunately, the show just announced a premiere date, and we'll only have to wait a few more months.
All three judges — Katy Perry, Lionel Richie, and Luke Bryan — will be returning to the panel for the upcoming season, as well as host Ryan Seacrest and mentor Bobby Bones. Read on to find out more about the new season.
2021 here we come! A new season of #AmericanIdol premieres February 14 on ABC! #TheNextIdol
A post shared by American Idol (@americanidol) on Nov 10, 2020 at 9:15am PST
When Is 'American Idol' Season 19 Premiering?
American Idol announced this week that the show will return for a new season on Sunday, February 14, 2021, on ABC. (What a way to celebrate Valentine's Day!) This will be the fourth season on ABC, and the nineteenth season overall.
RELATED: 'AMERICAN IDOL' STAR GOES COMPLETELY NUDE IN IG PHOTOSTORM
The show accepted video auditions earlier this year, and also allowed some singers to perform for a producer on Instagram Live. Unfortunately, auditions are now closed for this season.
According to Deadline, all auditions in front of the judges this year will take place in California, due to COVID-19 concerns. Filming reportedly began October 5. Cast and crew were tested for the virus, and social distancing was practiced.
Air hugs all around! 🎬🎶🤩 We're SO happy to be back on set, safe and sound, and ready to find the next superstar! Think it's YOU? You can still sign up to audition online, face-to-face with an Idol producer, at AmericanIdol.com/Auditions!
A post shared by American Idol (@americanidol) on Oct 7, 2020 at 1:02pm PDT
The Judges Have Been Back On Set
Last month, American Idol posted a photo of Katy, Lionel, Luke, and Ryan standing behind the judges' table, several feet apart. This is different from last season, when singers had to perform remotely from home during the final weeks.
RELATED: CAR CRASH SURVIVOR MAKES KATY PERRY CRY ON 'AMERICAN IDOL' [VIDEO]
In August, judge Katy Perry gave birth to her daughter Daisy Dove Bloom. She tweeted about returning to work in September, writing, "I love my job." She also advocated for paid family leave for working mothers.
Last season, singer Just Sam won Season 18 of American Idol. Who will be crowned the winner for the 2021 season? We'll have to wait and see. Be sure to check out the premiere on Sunday, February 14, on ABC.
Wheelchair-Bound Singer Inspires Everyone On 'American Idol' To Follow Their Dreams
Inspiring 'Idol' Contestant Who Spoke About Abusive Boyfriend Is Back To Audition Again
Singer Performs Emotional Original Song About Friends Suicide On 'American Idol' [VIDEO]
WATCH 'American Idol' Judges Urge Church Janitor To Quit His Job And Pursue Singing
Former Homeless 'American Idol' Contestant Gets A New Outlook On Life After Becoming A Dad
Father With Heartbreaking Story Brings Baby To Tearful 'Idol' Audition [VIDEO]
16 YO Battling Cystic Fibrosis Wows Judges During 'American Idol' Audition [VIDEO]
'American Idol' Winner Fantasia Barrino Opens Up About Fertility Struggles After Announcing Pregnancy


Beautiful! These colours are almost ghostly… Mysterious and lovely.
Very pretty! I like the soft colors!
reminds me of autumn and spring in one. Lovely!
You're a doll, Olga. Thanks!
Really subtly gorgeous. Thanks for sharing!
It may be an early effort, but it works very well on all the items shown.


There were 381 entries and reducing them to ten wasn't easy at all. Many brilliant stories had to be omitted. It was fascinating, as always, reading each and every submission. When you think of all the craftsmanship, thought and sheer imagination there is out there, it's quite heartening.
Congratulations to the writers of the short-listed stories and thanks to all who entered. The first and runners-up prizes will be announced by the judge, Charles Lambert, on April 16 at a special event in BAR Gallery in Willesden. New Short Stories 8, the anthology containing all the stories above, will be launched at the same time.
Jo Barker Scott was born in London, but grew up mostly overseas, in Kenya, Pakistan and Iran. These days she lives in Winchester, writing fiction and loitering on social media. Her work has been variously ignored, long-listed, short-listed, prize-winning and published, and she is currently polishing a novel. Her dream is to become a good enough writer to do justice to her family's story.
Gina Challen is originally from London but has lived in West Sussex for over 30 years. She left her job as an Insurance Broker in 2012 to complete a Masters in Creative Writing at the University of Chichester. This she calls her mid-life crisis. Her short stories have been published in anthologies by Cinnamon Press and Rattle Tales, and her essays can be found on line at The Thresholds Short Story Forum. She is currently working on a collection of short stories linked by the life and landscape of the Sussex Downs.
CG Menon is Australian, but currently splits her time between London and Cambridge. Her stories have appeared or are forthcoming in a number of venues including Litro Online and Stupefying Stories. She was short-listed for the first Words and Women competition and has a story forthcoming in the associated anthology.
Dan Powell grew up in the West Midlands and currently lives in Lincolnshire. His short stories have been published in Carve, Paraxis, Fleeting and The Best British Short Stories 2012. He is a prize winning author, receiving both the Yeovil Prize and an Esoteric Award for his short stories. His Scott Prize short-listed debut collection of short fiction, Looking Out Of Broken Windows, is published by Salt. When not writing, Dan teaches part time and takes care of his young family as a home-dad. He is currently working on his first novel and procrastinates at danpowellfiction.com and on Twitter as @danpowfiction.
Angela Sherlock has worked in engineering and in education but now lives in Devon where she writes full time. She has published reviews and articles but currently concentrates on fiction. Her first novel, The Apple Castle, (as yet unpublished) was long-listed for the Virginia Prize and short-listed for the Hookline Novel Writing Competition. She has published some short stories and is currently working on a novel that draws on the history of Plymouth. Postman's Knock, her third story to be short-listed by Willesden Herald is from her collection, Exports, which explores the Irish Diaspora.
Megan Taylor is the author of three novels, 'How We Were Lost' (Flame Books, 2007), 'The Dawning' (Weathervane Press, 2010) and 'The Lives of Ghosts' (Weathervane Press, 2012), but for the last year and a half, she has been concentrating on her short stories. In 2013, she was highly commended in the Manchester Fiction Prize and had a story published in an anthology, 'Weird Love' (Pandril Press). She was also recently awarded runner-up in Tin House's Shirley Jackson competition and in Synaesthesia Magazine's short story competition. She lives in Nottingham with her two children.
Lindsay Waller-Wilkinson worked in fashion for 25 years, but more recently spends her days writing – mainly short stories and poetry – and has been published in various literary magazines, both online and print. She is working on her first full length poetry collection titled DressCode and a novel length collection of linked short stories. She is an associate editor for The Word Factory and blogs at www.poemstorydreamreality.com.
Medina Tenour Whiteman is a writer, singer, musician, translator, small-time farmer and mother of two children who writes at a frenetic rate in the rare opportunities she has to do it. Born in Andalusia in 1982 to American-English Sufi Muslim converts, she is currently based in the Granada province, where she is co-writing a travel guide to Muslim Spain and trying to find time to finish a novel.
First prize includes a writing retreat courtesy of LitCamp. Click on the image for more information.
UPDATE 7 Feb. 2014: Shortlisted stories on their way to the judge this week. There were a lot of contenders and now it will not be an easy decision, picking prizewinners. Thanks to all who entered. Stand by for more news.


"Solomons, MD - The rich history of where the Chesapeake Bay meets the Patuxent River was showcased Saturday, May 6 at Calvert Marine Museum (CMM). The facility in Solomons hosted its annual Maritime Festival. Although the looming clouds and possibility of rain kept the numbers down, visitors of all ages still took advantage of all there was to see and do."
Just in time to be displayed for Discovering Archaeology Month, a rare archaeological find was caught in oyster tongs last month: an entire 300-year-old olive oil jar used for transatlantic trade. On March 25, watermen from Solomons Island Heritage Tours and Patuxent River Seafood found the barnacle-encased jar in the Patuxent River.
"Sometimes one boat just isn't enough"
"Dean currently fishes a 40-foot fiberglass and wood deadrise built by John Kinnamon Sr. of Tilghman, Island, Md. The boat works fine, but the distance between Dean's fisheries prompted him to look for a second boat."
"See, in addition to teaching young people — and the mother of two actually teaches professionally: high-school English — Captain Rachel Dean also works on and around the Chesapeake Bay as a waterman."
"Photo Essay: Patent Tonging for Oysters on the Patuxent River"
"Dean and his wife, Rachel, are working to change this oft-held perception, using heritage tourism to teach both children and adults about estuarine life and the role that watermen play in the region's history and economy."
"Now considered an endangered Maryland icon, watermen are intertwined with the unique identity of the Chesapeake Bay, influencing its history, culture, and economy. Watermen Heritage Tours offers a rare glimpse into their way of life. More than entertaining, these authentic experiences are helping to preserve a culture and continue a Chesapeake Bay tradition."
"Southern Maryland Watermen Navigating More than the Waters"
she refused a state offer to buy her crabbing licenses."
"These Fish Tales Include Props"
"Dean, an English teacher at Patuxent High School, said she had a fiberglass replica of a 42-inch rockfish made because it was the first rockfish caught while she was operating as the charter captain. 'Nothing feels as good as the first fish … it's what we call 'getting the skunk out of the boat,' she said."
"Join friends, neighbors and patrons of clean water on Maryland's longest and deepest intrastate waterway for the Annual Patuxent Trash Clean-Up."
"Teacher, Waterman Sees her Work as Sacred Trust"
heritage on the water, which is all around them."
"If men can do it, so can women"
" 'My mom took me crabbing and fishing when I was a kid,' Dean said. She got her captain's license after college. 'My dad always said I should get a real job, but I can't get away from it. I love it.' "
"Captain Rachel Dean is not a stripper, but there has been some confusion.
At seven-months pregnant, Dean walked onto the docks to assist her husband with a bachelor party charter.
"Alright! The stripper's here!" shouted one of the bachelors.
"That's my pregnant wife," corrected Simon Dean, captain of the Red Osprey, where Rachel is first mate."
"Can They Still Make a Living Out There?"
"Dean is a first generation waterman who also owns a wholesale seafood business in Lusby, near the mouth of the Patuxent River.
She, along with the other panelists, stressed the importance of educating the public on watermen and the local seafood industry. She gives heritage tours and helps the watermen's association facilitate programs like Waterman's Appreciation Day at the maritime museum."
"Time to start reeling them in"
"Chesapeake Workboat Roughwater – Be a Waterman for a day and take a one hour excursion aboard the Roughwater, a Chesapeake Workboat with Captain Rachel Dean. "


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How astonished would we be if, during our Sunday morning worship service, a Court Process Server delivered a court summons to our church, along with other local churches, informing us that we were being sued? How much more astonished would we be when we were notified that the plaintiff in the case was none other than Almighty God? As shocking as this may sound, this is exactly the scenario that the nation of Israel faced in the sixth chapter of Micah. Micah informs Israel that God has a grievance against them, and condemns the leaders of His people for injustices perpetuated against the poor and powerless. Micah advises Israel that God is not pleased as they turn a blind eye to the abuse of power inflicted by both political and religious leaders. According to Micah, God is not only outraged by their treatment of the poor and marginalized, God is not impressed or satisfied with their feigned attempts of worship.
The realization of having to defend the indefensible in a court case against God would be overwhelming had Micah not approached the bench with the offer of a plea bargain. Micah says to the nation of Israel, in spite of your treatment of the poor and powerless, and your insincere acts of worship, there is something that God does require of God's people. God requires us to "act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God." I believe that meeting these requirements are a way to speak God's love language.
In his 1995 book, The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate, Gary Chapman outlines five ways individuals express and experience love and argues that it is vital that we discover our spouse's love language. Chapman identified these "love languages" as gift giving, quality time, words of affirmation, acts of service (devotion), and physical touch. Chapman claims that every person has a primary and a secondary love language and believes that people tend to naturally give love in the way they prefer to receive love, and marriages could be strengthened if we learned to love our mates in their primary love language.
I believe that God has a love language and that Micah helps us understand it in verse 8 of chapter six. The nation of Israel was trying to express their love for God by coming before him with burnt offerings, thousands of rams, ten thousand rivers of olive oil, even their firstborn, but were they really speaking God's love language? Micah says the God required the nation of Israel, and I believe God requires us, to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with our God. When we act with a just heart, I believe we are speaking God's love language. When we love mercy (not just show mercy, or give mercy, but LOVE mercy), I believe we are speaking God's love language. When and walk humbly with a God, who modeled humility by taking the form of a slave, and being born in human likeness, and found in human form, humbled himself to point of death on the cross, I believe we are speaking God's love language.
Is God impressed that we make it to church every Sunday morning if we are not acting justly? Is God impressed that we attend bible study or small groups if we don't love mercy? Is God impressed with what we put in the offering plate or how loud we sing our hymns and anthems, if we're not walking humbly with God? God is impressed with what is going on in our hearts. God is impressed with how respond to our fellow human beings. God is impressed with not only how we love Him, but how we love our neighbors, whoever they may be. I challenge you to start speaking God's love language.


text:
Securities Regulation Keyed to Coffee
There are no principal cases in Chapter 1 of this casebook
The Basic Structure and Prohibitions of the Securities Act
Definitions of Security and Exempted Securities
The Private Offering Exemptions: Sections 4(2) and 4(6)
Intrastate Offerings: Section 3(a)(11) and Rule 147
Reorganizations and Recapitalizations
Offerings by Underwriters, Affiliates, and Dealers
Regulation of the Securities Markets
Regulation of Broker-Dealers
Tender Offers, Management Buyouts, and Takeover Contests
Civil Liability Under the Securities Act of 1933
Rule 10b-5 in Connection With a Purchase or Sale of a Security
General Civil Liberty Provisions
Federal Securities Law and Shareholder Voting
American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, Employees Pension Plan v. American International Group, Inc. 462 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2006)
CA, Inc. v. AFSCME Employees Pension Plan Del. Sup. Ct., 953 A.2d 227 (2008)
Adams v. Standard Knitting Mills, Inc. 623 F.2d 422 (6th Cir. 1980)
J.I Case Co. v. Borak 377 U.S. 426 (1964)
Mills v. Electric Auto-Lite Co.
Civil Liability Under the Investment Company Act
Criminal Enforcement of the Federal Securities Laws
International Enforcement
Securities Regulation > Securities Regulation Keyed to Coffee > Federal Securities Law and Shareholder Voting
Adams v. Standard Knitting Mills, Inc.
Citation. Adams v. Standard Knitting Mills, 623 F.2d 422, Fed. Sec. L. Rep. (CCH) P97,382 (6th Cir. Tenn. May 2, 1980)
CitationAdams v. Standard Knitting Mills, 623 F.2d 422, 1980 U.S. App. LEXIS 17932, Fed. Sec. L. Rep. (CCH) P97,382 (6th Cir. Tenn. May 2, 1980)
Brief Fact Summary. Peat, Marwick & Mitchell (Defendants) failed to state in a proxy solicitation that a corporation attaining control of Standard Knitting Mills (Defendant) via shareholder authorization, Chadbourn, was constrained by the terms of a bank loan contract from paying dividends on preferred stock.
Synopsis of Rule of Law. Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Rules 10b-5 and 14a-9 necessitate a demonstration of scienter of defendants in forming material misrepresentation or omission for a private cause of action to prevail.
This consistent and longstanding interpretation by the agency charged with administration of the Act, while not controlling, is entitled to considerable weight.
Facts. A hosiery producer,Chadbourn, which attained control of Standard Knitting Mills through an exchange of Chadbourn's securities for Standard shares by shareholders. The Standard and Chadbourn packages were equally similar in market value, however, the Chadbourn stock gave more liquidity and higher dividends to holders. After Chadbourn lost millions as a result of plummeting sales, the holders sued it, Standard, their management, lawyers, and Peat, Marwick & Mitchell, and the accountant who prepared the proxy after the transfer of Standard's control. The parties engaged in a settlement contract which granted the shareholders control of Chadbourn, renamed "Stanwood Corporationâ€, with Peat not being party to the settlement contract. Damages were evaluated against Peat when it was discovered that it had negligently failed to mention in the proxy statement it prepared that Chadbourn was limited by a bank loan contract from paying dividends on the preferred stock it was offering in trade for Standard shares. Peat appealed, claiming that Rules 10b-5 and 14a-9 announced under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 necessitated a demonstration of scienter prior to liability being imposed.
Issue. Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, do Rules 10b-5 and 14a-9 necessitate a demonstration of scienter of defendants in forming material misrepresentation or omission for a private cause of action to prevail?
Held. (Merritt, J.) Yes. Peat did not disclose the full effect of the bank loan contract limitations on the payment of dividends in the proxy statement it had prepared. Although, as found by the district court, the facts show that the omissions failed to be the result of scienter. The most the evidence demonstrates that Peat was negligent in document prep. Imposing liability on defendants participating in "intentional or willful conduct designated to deceive or defraud investors†was without a doubt why Rule 10b-5 was passed. This is why in a private action based on Rule 10b-5, scienter is vital. Likewise, a private right of action is formed under § 14 of the 1934 Act, which after a reading of its statutory history one could glean, targeted the "distorting†and "concealing†of the facts that should be contained in a proxy statement. So under the 1934 Act, both rules require a demonstration of scienter of defendants in forming a material misrepresentation or omission for a private cause of action to prevail. Reversed.
Discussion. Other jurisdictions like the Second Circuit, see Gerstle v. Gamble-Skogmo, Inc., 478 F.2d 1281 (1793), have held that negligence is sufficient for imposition of liability on corporate issuers of proxy statements. A distinction can be drawn betwixt corporate issuers and "outside†issuers hired by the corporation, because the outside issuers and corporations would not have the same motives in a failure to disclose. Although, an accounting firm hired by a corporation may share the interests of its customers, which offers little support to the difference.
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text:
HomeMaritime NewsRegionsAsiaQatari fund might ride to the rescue of Polish yards
Qatari fund might ride to the rescue of Polish yards
Warsaw: A ray of hope emerged Tuesday for two struggling Polish shipyards as the government said Qatar's national investment fund could step in after the failure of their sale to Qatari investors.
"I received an official letter from the Qatar Investment Authority concerning the launch of moves that could lead the authority to take over the investors' commitments to the shipyards," Treasury Minister Aleksander Grad told reporters.
Earlier Tuesday, Warsaw had said that the investors had failed to meet an August 17 payment deadline for the takeover of the Baltic Sea shipyards of Szczecin and Gdynia.
In May, Warsaw triumphantly announced that the yards had been sold -- and saved from European Union-ordered liquidation -- but refused to give details.
The following month, the treasury said the buyer was Qatari bank QInvest but the latter insisted it was simply an adviser on the deal.
The initial deadline for the 364-million-zloty ($123m) payment was July 21. It was later moved to August 17 after the investors asked for more time in order to probe claims of graft among Szczecin's previous management -- an allegation Poland rejected.
Last month the European Commission threw a lifeline to a third yard, in Gdynia's neighbouring port of Gdansk, when it cleared previous state aid but still ordered a major restructuring of operations.
The Gdansk yard was sold to Ukrainian shipbuilding group Donbass in 2007.
The Qatar Investment Authority is a sovereign wealth fund which manages more than 60 billion dollars of Qatari money. [19/08/09]


The concentration of particulate matter in the air varies depending on the region because it is lightweight and generated from a variety of sources. To assess the relationship between particulate matter and eye disease, this study analyzes the concentration data obtained from spatial analysis of particulate matter and emergency visit data.
The study included 769 residents of Daegu, Korea who had visited an emergency room for the problem of conjunctivitis or keratitis. Concentrations of PM10 and other air pollutants were obtained from the Korean Ministry of the Environment. PM10 concentrations and the number of patients from each of 143 administrative dongs (sub-municipal level administrative units) of the city of Daegu were obtained using spatial analysis. The patient distribution and PM10 concentration were mapped for comparison, and their relationship was examined using scatter plot, regression analysis, and the independent sample t-test.
The number of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis was significantly higher in the regions of the top 20% areas than the bottom 20% areas in terms of PM10 concentration. The distribution of PM10 concentration and number of patients was visually similar on the map. The concentration of PM10 and the number of patients showed a dose–response relationship. When the concentrations of other air polluta9nts were controlled for, the numbers of conjunctivitis and keratitis patients were 0.04 per 1000 ER patients and 0.10 per 1000 ER patients, respectively.
As PM10 is associated with the prevalence of conjunctivitis and keratitis, measures to reduce particulate matter through environmental methods are needed.
Exposure to particulate matter has been reported to contribute to various illnesses, such as pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and eye disease [1–9]. Sources of particulate matter vary widely, including road dust, resuspended sediment, fossil fuel burning, sea salt, automobile exhaust gas, wood burning, ships, railroad tracks, biomass burning, industrial processes, and cooking . Consequently, the amount of particulate matter generated varies across regions, and because it moves constantly owing to its lightweight, its concentration shows spatial variation depending on the geographic location, such as urban and rural areas, seashores, inland areas, near highways, communities, and areas with ascending and descending air flow . Thus, research has recently been conducted on the effects of particulate matter on health, considering the spatial variation across different regions rather than studying a single area. A U.S. study investigated the relationship between the amount of PM2.5 exposure calculated based on residence address and morality ; a German study examined the association between the amount of PM2.5 exposure, which was calculated based on the distance between the residence and the road, and cognitive disorder status ; a study conducted in Los Angeles showed the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and mortality using spatial analysis .
Other studies have investigated the relationship between particulate matter and eye disease. It has been reported that high levels of PM10 may increase the number of outpatients with conjunctivitis , and that high levels of PM2.5 may cause keratitis . However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between particulate matter and eye disease considering the spatial variation.
Regarding the study area in the present work, the city of Daegu was selected as it has a large geographical range, sufficient amount of exposure to air pollution, and objective air pollution and patient data are available. Daegu is the fourth most populous city of Korea and has the third highest number of vehicles of cities in Korea . Daegu has 13 air quality monitoring stations , and its monthly average PM10 concentration obtained based on 1996–2010 data was 62.2 ± 17.3 μg/m3, which was second highest next to Seoul . Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between the distribution of PM10 and the distribution of outpatients with conjunctivitis and keratitis using spatial analysis considering the geographical variation in Daegu.
The study was conducted with 769 Daegu residents who has visited the emergency department of Dongsan Medical Center for emergency treatment between June 1, 2006 and December 31, 2014, and were diagnosed with conjunctivitis or keratitis at the time of their visit. The patient diagnosis was based on patient disease information submitted to the National Emergency Medical Center, and conjunctivitis and keratitis were defined as H10.0–10.9 and H16.0–16.9, as specified in the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) 7th revision. Patient residence was determined based on the addresses patients provided at the time of their visit to the emergency room, and all addresses were classified into one of 143 administrative dongs in Daegu as of 2005. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Dongsan Hospital of Keimyung University (IRB No. DSMC 2016–10-003).
PM10 concentrations were calculated using the data from 11 air quality monitoring stations in Daegu, which were installed and operated by the Korean Ministry of the Environment and in which measurements are taken throughout the study period (Fig. 1). The concentration of PM10 was measured using the β-ray absorption method (BAM), an official method used in the air quality monitoring network . The measurement unit was μg/m3 and the measurements were made at the integer level with no decimal points.
In this study, spatial analysis requires the PM10 concentration for each administrative dong. However, there were 143 administrative dongs in Daegu in 2005, while there were only 11 monitoring stations in Daegu to use in the study. Moreover, the stations do not accurately measure the PM10 of the administrative dong in which they are located. Thus, the study used a geographic information system (GIS) to obtain more reliable PM10 concentrations for each administrative dong. First, PM10 concentrations for the areas without stations were calculated using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation and the locations of monitoring stations in Daegu, which were obtained in the form of transverse Mercator coordinates from Daegu Health and Environmental Research Institute. Interpolation is a method used to estimate the values in the intervening space. IDW is known to be a flexible and popular method of interpolation . The distribution of particulate matter is influenced by vertical variations in geography, such as elevation, which indicates how high the ground is above sea level, as well as horizontal variation in geography, such as administrative dongs . Therefore, the present study incorporated the variation in elevation by co-kriging contour data for Daegu for additional interpolation when calculating concentrations of PM10 (Fig. 2). This suggests that, for the areas at horizontally the same distance from a specific station, the concentrations of PM10 are less likely to reflect the values measured at the station when there is more variation in elevation in the terrain between two sites because this increases the actual distance.
The PM10 measurements obtained using the process were rasterized, and the average concentration was obtained for each administrative dong. All spatial analyses were performed using ArcGIS 10.4.1 for desktop.
The data on the monthly average concentration of the four substances from June 2006 to December 2015 were obtained from the Ministry of the Environment. The air pollutant concentrations for each administrative dong to use in spatial analysis were calculated using GIS as in the calculation of PM10 concentrations. The measurement unit was ppm, and measurement was made to three decimal places for SO2, NO2, O3, and to one decimal place for CO.
The analysis of the relationship between the average concentration of PM10 and the distribution of patients in the 143 administrative dongs in Daegu was conducted for each year. The Visit Index was used to determine the distribution of patients by administrative dong, and it was defined as the number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis per 1000 visitors to the emergency room of Dongsan Medical Center. An independent sample t-test was performed to determine whether the top 20% and bottom 20% areas in terms of PM10 concentrations significantly differed in prevalence of the diseases. Spatial analysis of mapping the distributions of PM10 and patients was performed using ArcGIS. Scatter plots were also used to determine whether PM10 concentration and the number of patients have a dose–response relationship. The association between PM10 and the number of patients was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis, which examined the effect of PM10 only, and multiple regression analysis, which examined both PM10 and other air pollutants. All statistical analyses were carried out at the 0.05 significance level using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.
The total number of study participants was 769, of whom 191 (24.8%) had conjunctivitis and 578 (75.2%) had keratitis. Regarding gender, 494 (64.2%) were male and 275 (35.8%) were female. Among the age groups divided into 20-year ranges, 268 (34.9%) were aged from 40 to less than 60, and 266 (34.6%) were aged from 20 to less than 40. Regarding the residence district, Seo-gu had most participant residents of 236 (30.7%) followed by Buk-gu with 205 (26.7%). The total number of visitors to the emergency room was 282,017. This number is equal to the sum of all the Visit Index denominators (Table 1).
Between June 2006 and December 2014, the average PM10 concentration was 48.15 μg/m3, the minimum was 27 μg/m3, and the maximum was 86 μg/m3. The mean concentrations of other air pollutants were 0.005 ppm for SO2, 0.024 ppm for NO2, 0.024 ppm for O3, and 0.5 ppm for CO (Table 2).
The study examined whether the number of patients differed between the areas with high and low mean concentrations of PM10 for the entire study period. In other words, an independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the numbers of patients between the top 20% areas (top 29 administrative dongs) and the bottom 20% areas in terms of PM10 concentrations (bottom 29 administrative dongs) (Table 3). The results showed that the top 20% areas had significantly higher numbers of emergency patients for conjunctivitis (p < 0.01) and keratitis (p < 0.05) than the bottom 20% areas.
The distributions of PM10 and patients were mapped using ArcGIS, and compared by year (Figs. 3 and 4, Additional file 1: Figure S1, Additional file 2: Figure S2, Additional file 3: Figure S3, Additional file 4: Figure S4, Additional file 5: Figure S5, Additional file 6: Figure S6). Figs. 3 and 4 show the distributions of PM10 and patients in 2007 and 2013, respectively, which showed relatively clear regional differences during the study period. In 2007, PM10 concentrations were high in the northwestern region and the number of patients was also high in the northwest and some eastern parts, showing similar distributions between PM10 concentrations and patients. In 2013, PM10 concentrations were high in the northwest and some eastern parts, and the numbers of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis were also high in the northwest, some eastern parts, and some southwestern parts, showing similar distributions between PM10 concentrations and patients.
To determine the dose–response relationship between the PM10 concentration and the number of patients, scatter plots were plotted for each administrative dong. Figure 5 is a scatter plot showing the relationship between PM10 concentration and conjunctivitis, with a trend line with a positive slope. Figure 6 is a scatter plot showing the relationship between PM10 concentration and keratitis, also with a trend line with a positive slope.
A linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the concentration of PM10 and the numbers of conjunctivitis and keratitis patients (Table 4). In a simple linear regression analysis with PM10 only, the number of patients with conjunctivitis increased by 0.04 per 1000 patients in the emergency room and the number of patients with keratitis increased by 0.09 per 1000 patients in the emergency room when PM10 increased by 1 μg/m3, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis with SO2, NO2, O3, and CO in addition to PM10, the number of patients with conjunctivitis increased by 0.04 per 1000 patients in the emergency room and the number of patients with keratitis increased by 0.10 per 1000 patients in the emergency room when PM10 increased by 1 μg/m3, and the differences were also statistically significant (p < 0.05).
This study investigated the relationship between the concentration of PM10 in Daegu and the numbers of conjunctivitis and keratitis patients who visited a university hospital emergency room, and found that the numbers of patients were significantly higher in the top 20% than in the bottom 20% areas in terms of PM10 concentration. The results of spatial analysis showed visual similarity between the distribution of PM10 concentration and the distribution of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis for certain years during the study period. In addition, dose–response relationships were observed between PM10 concentration and the eye diseases, and the relationships were statistically significant even after controlling for leading gaseous air pollutants related to eye disease – sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) .
Some cases of keratitis due to causes other than air pollutants such as PM10 (for example, photokeratitis from welding  and corneal ulcers from chemical burns ) may also be included in this study, and this could interfere with the reliability of the results. However, no patient was diagnosed with photokeratitis, so there was no need to consider it. In contrast, 53 patients (6.9%) were diagnosed with a corneal ulcer, so an analysis of keratitis excluding those cases was performed. The difference in the Visit Index between the top 20% districts for PM10 concentration and the bottom 20% districts was 0.9, which is statistically significant. In addition, linear regression showed that the unadjusted coefficient was 0.092 and the adjusted coefficient was 0.103; both are statistically significant (data are not shown). Therefore, the results before and after excluding the corneal ulcer patients were similar. In addition, there are various other causes of corneal ulcer besides chemical burn, which means that the influence of PM10 cannot be excluded in all cases. Therefore, the results of the analysis including the corneal ulcer cases are provided in this study.
Research on the health effects of particulate matter has often used the mean concentration of particulate matter for the entire area where the study participants resided as the particulate matter exposure level of the study participants . However, air pollution assessments using only regional mean concentrations are likely to underestimate the localized increase in incidents of disease due to elevated concentrations near the sources of air pollutants [26, 27]. The health effects may be more pronounced around the source, but the effects may appear to be small if the mean concentration of the entire region is used . Moreover, exposure to air pollution varies spatially within a city [28–31]. Thus, errors owing to classical exposure measurements can bias the results to null .
Regions selected for research on the health effects of particulate matter in the past often included metropolitan cities such as Beijing in China , Sao Paulo in Brazil , Seoul in Korea , and Texas in the U.S.  because the study findings had greater implications owing to the high population density of the cities, and these cities often show concentrations of particulate matter that are hazardous to health owing to a large concentration of industrial complexes and high traffic volume, thus generating a large amount of particulate matter. The city of Daegu, the study area in this work, also has general characteristics of metropolitan cities as it is one of the most populous cities in Korea, has a high concentration of industrial complexes, such as the Seongseo Industrial Park and the Third Industrial Park, and ranks fifth in terms of the length of road per area. However, Daegu is contrasted with other metropolitan cities in that it is a basin, which reduces air circulation.
Regarding the hospital selected for this study, Dongsan Medical Center is one of four tertiary hospitals in Daegu, and has high accessibility from various regions of the city owing to its location in the central district of Daegu. In addition, the distribution of emergency room visitors by medical specialty area for the hospital was similar to the national statistics based on the Yearbook of Emergency Medicine Statistics published by the National Emergency Medical Center, showing even distribution across specialties, which was another reason for selecting the hospital for this study.
Nucci et al.  reported that the incidence of conjunctivitis in pediatric populations was significantly higher in areas with high PM10 concentrations than in areas with low PM10 concentrations; Szyszkowicz et al.  reported a significant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis in both men (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000, 1.038) and women (OR = 1.017, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.031); Mimura et al.  showed a significant relationship (OR = 9.05) between PM2.5 concentration and allergic conjunctivitis during the period of May through July. In contrast, Gehring et al.  found no significant relationship between conjunctivitis and PM10 or PM2.5 concentrations in children and adolescents; Jiaxu et al.  found no significant relationship between the number of outpatient for allergic conjunctivitis and PM10 or PM2.5 concentrations.
Aerosol and soil bacteria are some of the major components of particulate matter. They may produce metabolites that affect the microbiome colonies of the ocular surface . Changes in the microbiome of the eye can cause a secondary immunomodulating effect. Although the mechanism of this effect is not clearly known, it seems to involve oxidative stress, pro-inflammation, changes in intracellular proteins, stimulation of autonomic nervous system receptors, and inhibition of normal defense mechanisms . This makes the eye vulnerable and may increase the likelihood of infectious eye diseases. In addition, particulate matter carries sources of infection from the natural environment to the eye. Therefore, particulate matter may directly cause infectious eye diseases. Moreover, these air pollutants accelerate the development of ocular inflammatory disease because they break the homeostasis of the tear film, ocular membrane, ocular surface, and eyelid margin of the eyeballs .
Previous studies have mostly shown that particulate matter can cause conjunctivitis. The present study showed that the prevalence of keratitis as well as conjunctivitis is associated with the concentration of PM10. In addition, the study found that the incidence of conjunctivitis and keratitis varies from region to region with the distribution of particulate matter, and is more frequent in areas with higher concentrations of particulate matter.
This study has several features that distinguish it from other studies.
The first distinctive feature is that the study area was the city of Daegu, which is situated in a basin. Daegu shares the characteristics of metropolitan cities, including large population, a large concentration of industrial complexes, and many roads, while having the distinctive feature of being in a basin, which reduces air circulation. In a basin, the surface temperature is often lower than the upper layer, which is called temperature inversion. In this case, the stability of the atmosphere weakens convection, and thus the radiation mist combines with the polluted air to create smog.
The second distinctive feature of this study is the systematic spatial analysis. When studying particles that vary in distribution across different spaces, such as particulate matter, there is a limitation in interpreting the study results accurately without understanding the spatial variation. In the present study, the study area of Daegu was divided into 143 administrative dongs and the concentration of particulate matter was obtained for each administrative dong. In particular, consideration of vertical variation is a large difference of this study from other studies that considered regional variation of particular matter, among which vertical variation was rarely considered . The present study used contour lines considering the fact that the movement of particulate matter varies in actual travel time due to elevations in the terrain (e.g., hills and plane) as well as two-dimensional distances.
The present study also has several limitations.
First, most patients with eye disease visit the hospital through outpatient clinics rather than large hospital emergency rooms. The subjects of this study are expected to have had severe enough symptoms to visit a large hospital emergency room. Therefore, the results of this study can be only applicable to severe cases. Second, individual PM10 exposure concentrations were not measured. Most people spend the day sitting in transportation, working in the workplace, or remaining at home. The characteristics of indoor PM10 sources may be different from those of outdoor PM10 sources. However, one study has shown that indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10 are highly correlated within individuals . Therefore, ambient PM10 concentrations can be used as an indicator of exposure in studies involving health endpoints such as hospital visits. Third, because the study included only the patients who visited the emergency room of a single hospital as study participants, it was not possible to obtain information on the patients in the entire area of Daegu, and patients may have varied in terms of accessibility and preference regarding hospital choice. Therefore, the study tried to increase the generalizability by selecting the hospital located in the central district of Daegu. In addition, to control for the variation in the populations and hospital accessibility of individual administrative dongs, the Visit Index, which is the proportion of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis in the total number of patients, instead of the number of the diseases, was used as the outcome variable. Fourth, subgroup analyses according to demographic characteristics, disease subtypes and other underlying diseases were not performed. Such analyses may offer more specific information on the effects of particulate matter because the susceptibility to particulate matter may vary according to gender  or age , and conjunctivitis and keratitis are classified into various subtypes, such as bacterial, fungal, and allergic types . However, the number of study participants in this study was not sufficient to perform a subgroup analysis. In fact, most patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis rarely visit a hospital because they often monitor the progress at home while keeping their eyes clean or trying over-the-counter drugs . Performing a special analysis on over a hundred administrative dongs require a large number of patients. In this study, the number of eligible study participants was smaller than expected and the spatial analysis was conducted on ocular surface disorders, including both conjunctivitis and keratitis. However, since the study results showed that both conjunctivitis and keratitis were significantly higher in the high PM10 concentration areas than in the low PM10 concentration areas, it is important to examine the pattern of the two diseases together. In addition, considering that both the conjunctiva and the cornea are the main constituents of the ocular surface and that particulate matter influences eye health primarily by breaking the homeostasis of the ocular surface and making it susceptible to infection , conjunctivitis and keratitis can be considered as a group of ocular surface disorders, within the context of the effects of particulate matter on health. Moreover, the fact that the study included only patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis who complained of symptoms severe enough to visit the emergency room suggests the possibility that the relationship between particulate matter concentration and eye diseases may be underestimated in this study. Conjunctivitis is more common in patients with allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis , and keratitis is more common in diabetic patients . However, there were not enough data on the history of underlying disease to be included in the analysis. Fifth, in the analysis on the spatial distribution of patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis, the spread of infectious eye disease among people was not considered. Some ocular diseases, such as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, are known to be caused by spread among people [46, 47]. However, it is a time-consuming and costly process to collect information on all the contacts between people. Furthermore, since particulate matter causes inflammation of the eyeballs primarily through the eye's antioxidant defense mechanism, and carries a source of infection itself, the infection with the diseases can be related to exposure to particulate matter. Sixth, the registered addresses of study participants used in the study may be different from where they actually spend most of their time. The data of participants' administrative dongs used in spatial analysis were obtained from the addresses provided at the time of their emergency room visit, but those in the same administrative dong may have individual differences in terms of the administrative dongs where they are exposed to particulate matter. For example, for a participant who spends most of the day at work located far from his or her residence, it would be more reasonable to use the concentration of particulate matter for the administrative dong for the workplace, rather than the administrative dong of the residence, as the amount of exposure. Even for those who spend most of their time in the administrative dong of their residences, the amount of exposure to particulate matter inevitably varies greatly between those who spend most of their time outdoors, such as children and adolescents, and those who stay mostly indoors, such as the elderly with illnesses. Although this study did not take into account all of these individual characteristics, the study has significance as an ecological study on the population as a whole. Seventh, there may be some errors in the classification of administrative dongs owing to the change of administrative districts during the study period. The study used the 2005 administrative district system with 143 administrative dongs in Daegu to calculate the PM10 concentrations for spatial analysis. However, some of the emergency room patients' addresses included legal dongs instead of administrative dongs, and some administrative dongs were combined, split, or renamed during the study period. In addition, because a new address system called the street name address was designated as the legal address in July 2011, old addresses and new addresses have been used together. Since 2014, only the street name address has been used, which inevitably created errors. However, the study minimized the errors in the address conversion using Geocoding, which utilizes the coordinate system. Eighth, although we defined patient disease using the specific diagnostic code, the classification may have errors because the exact diagnosis of each case cannot be confirmed without the individual's medical records .
Despite these limitations, this study has significant implications in that it investigated the relationship between PM10 concentration and eye disease using three-dimensional spatial analysis incorporating both distance and elevation, and showed the dose–response relationship as well as the specific role of PM10 concentration with other air pollutants controlled for.
This study showed a spatial relationship between the concentration of PM10 and the emergency room visits of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis in a region that has both the general characteristics of a metropolitan city and the specific feature of a basin. The findings of this study can be used as basic data for research on the effects of particulate matter on eye disease.
JYL (author) designed the study and carried out data analysis. JWK contributed acquisition of data and helped to analysis and interpretation of data. EJK and MYL designed and supervised process of spatial analysis. CWN and ISC conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study has been approved by the IRB of Keimyung university Dongsan medical center. The approval number is DSMC 2016–10-003.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2008. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 317 kb).
Additional file 2: Figure S2. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2009. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 304 kb).
Additional file 3: Figure S3. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2010. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 305 kb).
Additional file 4: Figure S4. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2011. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 295 kb).
Additional file 5: Figure S5. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2012. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 304 kb).
Additional file 6: Figure S6. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentration and Visit Index of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis in 2014. Visit Index – number of patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis / number of all patients × 1000 (JPG 298 kb).


text:
Aidac Bihare (Aidak Bihare, Aidabahare)  ist eine Aldeia des Sucos Camea (Verwaltungsamt Cristo Rei, Gemeinde Dili). 2015 zählte die Aldeia 1451 Einwohner.

Lage und Einrichtungen
Aidac Bihare liegt auf einer Meereshöhe von , im Osten des Sucos Camea. Nordwestlich von Aidac Bihare liegt, jenseits der Rua Fatu-Ahi, die Aldeia Suco Laran, südwestlich befindet sich die Aldeia Buburlau und südlich die Aldeia Caisabe. Im Norden und Osten grenzt Aidac Bihare an den Suco Hera.

Der Ort Aidac Bihare befindet sich im Westen der Aldeia. Östlich davon befindet sich der Ort Susan und nordöstlich das Dorf Fatuahi. Die Grundschule Escola Primaria E.P. Aidac Bihare liegt an der Rua Fatu-Ahi im Norden.

Geschichte
Ursprünglich bildete Fatuahi einen eigenständigen Suco.

Nach der Invasion Indonesiens in Dili am 7. Dezember 1975 flohen viele Bewohner Fatuahis nach Osten. Ab 1977 wurden evakuierte Zivilisten in neuen Dörfern um den Matebian nach ihrer Herkunft angesiedelt. Neben ehemaligen Bewohnern aus Fatuahi waren es auch Osttimoresen aus Benamauc, Camea (Gemeinde Dili), Tequinaumata, Samalari, Boleha, Guruça, Afaçá und Namanei (Gemeinde Baucau). Am 25. November 1978 kapitulierten diese Widerstandsbasen. Die Gefangenen wurden in ein Transit camp interniert und nach FALINTIL-Kämpfern und Zivilisten getrennt. Viele verschwanden spurlos, die anderen wurden später auf größere Camps wie in Quelicai verlegt.

Bald nach der Unabhängigkeit Osttimors 2002 wurde Fatuahi an den Suco Camea angegliedert. Die Grundschule Aidac Bihare wurde bei den Unruhen in Osttimor 2006 zerstört und danach wieder aufgebaut.

Weblinks
 Fotos von Aidac Bihare (2021) von José Ramos-Horta

Einzelnachweise

Aldeia in Dili (Gemeinde)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Meet 'the king of the historical thriller' (Providence Journal). William Martin is a New York Times bestselling author of twelve novels, an award-winning PBS documentary, book reviews, magazine articles, and a cult classic horror movie, too. He is best known for his historical fiction, which has chronicled the lives of the great and the anonymous in American history while bringing to life legendary American locations, from Cape Cod to the Sierra foothills during the California Gold Rush. His latest, December '41, sweeps us across America in the weeks after Pearl Harbor and has been hailed as "propulsive," "cinematic,' and "riveting" by critics. He was the recipient of the prestigious 2005 New England Book Award, given to "an author whose bo Meet 'the king of the historical thriller' (Providence Journal). William Martin is a New York Times bestselling author of twelve novels, an award-winning PBS documentary, book reviews, magazine articles, and a cult classic horror movie, too. He is best known for his historical fiction, which has chronicled the lives of the great and the anonymous in American history while bringing to life legendary American locations, from Cape Cod to the Sierra foothills during the California Gold Rush. His latest, December '41, sweeps us across America in the weeks after Pearl Harbor and has been hailed as "propulsive," "cinematic,' and "riveting" by critics. He was the recipient of the prestigious 2005 New England Book Award, given to "an author whose body of work stands as a significant contribution to the culture of the region." And in 2015, the USS CONSTITUTION Museum gave him the Samuel Eliot Morison Award. He has three grown children and lives near Boston with his wife. ...more
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Back Bay (Peter Fallon, #1)
3.90 avg rating — 2,137 ratings — published 1979
3.95 avg rating — 1,565 ratings — published 1991 — 18 editions
Harvard Yard (Peter Fallon, #2)
The Lost Constitution (Peter Fallon, #3)
The Lincoln Letter (Peter Fallon, #5)
City of Dreams (Peter Fallon, #4)
4.01 avg rating — 643 ratings — published 2010 — 22 editions
Citizen Washington
December '41: A World War II Thriller
4.13 avg rating — 477 ratings — published 2022
Bound for Gold (Peter Fallon, #6)
4.18 avg rating — 458 ratings — published 2018 — 6 editions
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Patriot's Day, Boston, 2013
I am going to bed. No more to learn tonight. This was a terrible thing on a beautiful day on Boston's biggest annual weekend, when we celebrate the beginning of the American Revolution with the oldest marathon in the world. Somebody - or somebodies - saw a twenty...-six mile long target of opportunity. It might be Islamic terrorists. It might be homegrown wackos. We don't know yet. But they took a Read more of this blog post »
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Published on April 16, 2013 06:41 • Tags: boston, patriot-s-day, the-american-revolution, the-boston-marathon, the-boston-public-library
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" HARVARD YARD picks up with Peter and Evangeline twenty years later. And that book is followed by four more Peter-and-Evangeline adventures. There will HARVARD YARD picks up with Peter and Evangeline twenty years later. And that book is followed by four more Peter-and-Evangeline adventures. There will be another. ...more "
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Peter Fallon & Evangeline Carrington live. The ending left me wondering if there's a sequel to this book.
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𝕎𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕓𝕠𝕠𝕜 𝕒𝕓𝕠𝕦𝕥:
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" Thanks for the review and the kind comments. However, the name is Martin, not Harris. Of course, I admire English author Robert Harris, who wrote Pomp Thanks for the review and the kind comments. However, the name is Martin, not Harris. Of course, I admire English author Robert Harris, who wrote Pompeii and Enigman, among others. so if I was putting you in mind of him, I'll take the compliment. ...more "
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"A man will be known by his books."
― William Martin, Harvard Yard
"And the violence we will reap,
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― William Martin
"And part of growin' up is learnin' to see the world through other men's eyes."
― William Martin, Citizen Washington
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HISTORICAL FICTION POLL "C"
There will be a series of polls to begin putting together a potential reading list for the "historical fiction folder". I have divided the books into groups of 15 books apiece. Make sure to choose your favorite from each poll and make sure to vote in each of these polls so that we can generate a list according to priorities and interests. You will only receive one notification per poll. There will be simultaneous polls so please make sure to vote in each one.
MR. MIDSHIPMAN HORNBLOWER BY C.S. FORESTER
8 votes, 22.9%
James A. Michener
ALASKA BY JAMES A. MICHENER
KIDNAPPED BY ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
3 votes, 8.6%
MEN OF IRON BY HOWARD PYLE
HIS MAJESTY'S DRAGON BY NAOMI NOVIK
BURR BY GORE VIDAL
CREATION BY GORE VIDAL
Kenneth Roberts
RABBLE IN ARMS BY KENNETH ROBERTS
JULIAN BY GORE VIDAL
Kenneth Lewis Roberts
THE LIVELY LADY BY KENNETH ROBERTS
1 vote, 2.9%
NORTHWEST PASSAGE BY KENNETH ROBERTS
LINCOLN BY GORE VIDAL
SPACE BY JAMES A. MICHENER
TEXAS BY JAMES A. MICHENER
35 total votes
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The Seasonal Read...: 15.4 - Learn Your Numbers 137 381 Aug 19, 2010 10:47PM
Historical Fictio...: Challenge #3 - June 1 - August 31st 741 596 Sep 01, 2010 07:10PM
Unputdownables Bo...: In General... 49 64 Nov 24, 2010 07:48PM
The Seasonal Read...: Winter Challenge 2010-2011 Completed Tasks (do not delete any posts) 2589 1048 Feb 28, 2011 09:05PM
Historical Fictio...: Challenge #5: Report Points Here 357 188 Mar 07, 2011 11:20AM
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Some pleasing information for Orange customers out there as a report from mobilenewscwp.co.uk confirms.
Apparently Orange have refreshed its range of consumer contract tariffs with the Canary tariffs, which although were dropped last year have been re introduced.
Also the refreshing news to the contract tariffs are said to include multimedia services as well as standard or as a supplementary bolt on. The Animal brands have been retained both Dolphin and Panther multimedia tariffs will come with unlimited internet as standard from April 1st.
The Canary tariff which has been re introduced will also include unlimited texts and also and other services. Dolphin starts from £20 per month and Panther £30. Orange is also launching six multi media add on services for £5 each.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub