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← Mining Digest 366 – Nov 23, 2018: Adoptions in Canada, Advice Columnist, AI and Man-Machine Interface, Arctic Warming, Black NRA, Black Run Court, Blockchain Uses, Brazil Politics, Britain and U.S.in Middle East, Broadband Industry, Cameroon Atrocities, Canadian Personal Debt, Caravan of Refugees, Chinese Leonardo Di Vinci, Climate Warming Lawsuit, Computer Repair Business, Congresswoman Lee, Construction Insurance, Disinformation Menace, Eating Disorders, Evolution Research, Hajj Boycott, Heat Wave Deaths, Indigenous Canadian Youth Suicides, Jamal Khashoggi Death, Jewish Refugees in China, John Service, Julious Assange, Kavanagh Selection Impact, Longevity Explorers, Marijuana Legalization in Canada, Matt Nathanson, Medical Doctor Burnout, Medically Assisted Death, Myanmar Muslims, Opioids in Philadelphia, Organ Transplants in China, Personal Finances, Phone Scams, Pittsburgh Synagogue Shootings, Political Differences, Pollution in Nova Scotia Water, Prenatal Care, Presidential Leadership, Refugee Scandal in Nauru, Refugee Shelter Arson, Sleep Needs, Social Media Hazard, Storm Proofing Homes, Urban Agriculture, Virginia Voters, Woman Nobel Laureate, Women in Politics, Women Working in Afghanistan, Writer Ron Friedman, Yemen Starvation
Mining Digest 368 – Dec 7, 2018: American Indian History, Angry Women, Bassem Youssef, Bay Blankets, Bloodline Issues, Breathing for Performance, Brexit Explained, Bulletproof Diet, Cancer Immunotherapy, Cheetah Urine and Vision Research, Childhood Obesity, Climate Report, Coal in West Virginia, Congressional Violence, Conservative Corrosiveness, Crossfit Training Expert, Cybersecurity Threats, E-cigarettes in Schools, Fertilizer in Water, FISA Warrants, Gun History, HIV Infection Intro, Hypertension, Immigration History in U.S., Impeachment Lawyer, Khashoggi Death Investigation, Latino Vote in U.S., Libel Laws, Minority Gun Ownership, Money History, Nuclear Weapons Posturing, Opioid Abuse Treatment, Over Population, Pregnancy Discrimination, Prescription Price Disclosure, Privacy Policies, Problem Solving, Rock Climbing El Capitan, Sears Catalog and Jim Crow, Silicon Valley Work Conditions, Stoicism, Student Loan Crisis, Supreme Court Legitimacy, Tenement Museum, U.S. and Saudi Arabia, Voting Security, Whales and Whaling →
Mining Digest 367 – Nov 30, 2018: AI Creator and China Impact, Bias Conflicts, Cancer Cure, Catalysts, Challenger Disaster Lesson, Crime in Australia, Cybersecurity, Disabled Women, Dr Who as a Woman, Ebola Responses, Elephant Preserve, End of Life Facts, Equal Rights for Women, Executive Abuses of Police and Intelligence Operations, Fake News Technology, Free Radicals, Gig Economy Tactics, Girl Child International Day, Hidden Video Cameras, Historic Storms, Hungarian Democracy Declines, Immigrant Housing, Malaria Vaccine, Mesmerism, Microchipping Employees, Militarized Democracy, Native Indian DNA Discussion, Native Indian Education, Nipah Virus Outbreak, Orbit Braille Reader, Oscar Wilde Women, Parkinsons and Genetics, Pennsylvania Gerrymandering, Prosthetic Joint Infections, Reconstruction Amendments, Suicides in Military, Surviving the Next Century, Trump Supporters, Virtual Reality Equipment, Wage Equity
Posted on December 1, 2018	by virginiajim
Exercise your ears: the 72 podcasts shown below present the best ideas, information and stories from a larger group of 577 for the week, to hear while your hands and eyes are busy. Get all the files as a group for the next four months here, or double (ctrl-click) individual titles to get single podcasts and explore the source. A collection of 23,365 podcasts, listed alphabetically and grouped by topic, can be downloaded piecemeal, with files A-B at this link, files C-E link, and the remainder here. You'll be limited to a 4GB maximum per download at the last place, so multiple group downloads will be needed to get all files, totaling over 140GB and may take a few hours. The first entry in the collection is a text file with just titles for quicker reference. A collection of abstracts for all the podcasts is available at this link and updated quarterly. Get the discarded material, too, using a podcast aggregator loaded with this opml file of the 496 sources. And try PodcastRE from the University of Wisconsin with over 150,000 titles. Exercise your ears and relax the rest.
AI Creator and China Impact 48 mins – "We talk to artificial intelligence expert and former president of Google China Kai-Fu Lee about his recent book AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order." At the link find the title, "China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files d9746b31-9e44-4ec2-9c38-d4310fde64ef.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Algorithms and People 31 mins – "We talk to mathematician and science writer Hannah Fry about her latest book Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms." At the link find the title, "Being Human in the Age of Algorithms, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files a8d2e26b-7116-4f7b-8f2b-cb02f9b5ca89.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Bias Conflicts 41 mins – "In this episode, we are joined by author and social scientist, Dolly Chugh, to discuss her book, The Person You Mean to Be: How Good People Fight Bias, which studies how implicit bias and unintentional ethical behavior affects our everyday decision making. Dolly is a Professor of Management and Organizations at New York University, has won several awards for excellence in teaching and ethics, and is a monthly columnist for Forbes.com. Why our brains are biased, and the ways in which we can begin to recognize our own conscious and unconscious biases Why confirmation bias can hinder the success of a recruiting the best potential talent in the workplace How we can learn to recognize and use our own privileges to challenge and help change other people's biases" At the link right-click "Download this Episode" and select "Save Link As' from the pop-up menu.
Bike Racing in Europe 72 mins – "Minerva lecture on 12 September 2018 given by Dr Ian Walker. Transport psychologist from the University of Bath, Dr Ian Walker, notched up 4,300km in just 11 days to win the North Cape 4000 unsupported bike race this summer. How do you prepare for this kind of ride? What do you pack? What should you eat and what do you actually end up eating? If you hit the wall and feel like there's nothing left in the tank, then how do you push through? And what do you think about for mile after mile, cycling up to 16 hours a day? Hear more from Ian sharing his experiences and reflections with some expert help from researchers across the University." At the link rind the title, "How I cycled through 11 countries in 11 days to win the trans-European North Cape bike race, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files 521566062-uniofbath-how-i-cycled-through-11-countries-in-11-days-to-win-the-trans-european-north-cape-bike-race.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Business Enterprise Program 10 mins – "The Business Enterprise Program (BEP) is a great way for interested Blind/Visually Impaired clients of their State Agency/Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) to own their own business and be their own boss. Michael Colbrunn is a business owner in the BEP and joined Jeff Thompson of Blind Abilities in the studio to talk about the BEP and about his work at his campus location and his work on the State Rehabilitation Council for the Blind in Minnesota. Join Michael and Jeff in this brief interview packed with useful information. You can find out more about the BEP and more from Michael Colbrunn on a previous podcast: The Business Enterprise program: Business Ownership Opportunities and a Promising Career If you are interested in knowing more about the Business Enterprise Program, and live in Minnesota, email John Hulet If outside Minnesota, contact your State Servicesand ask about the Business Enterprise Program and how you can learn more about the opportunities available to you." At the link find the title, "Meet Michael Colbrunn: Business Enterprise Program Owner/Operator and Advocate for the Blind, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files MikeBEP2018.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Cancer Cure 56 mins – "Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice answer fan-submitted Cosmic Queries on cancer research with freshly-minted 2018 Nobel laureate and immunologist Dr. Jim Allison, who's at the frontier of finding new cancer immunotherapy treatments." At the link find the title, "Curing Cancer, with 2018 Nobel Laureate Jim Allison, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ff094cac-2a19-4848-8e82-eba3669d0702.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Cancer Research 39 mins – "Unexplained cancer outbreaks are happening around the world. But here's the mystery – why is the epidemic striking certain parts of the world, while others remain untouched? In this episode of Komando on Demand, Kim looks at how, with the latest technology, teams of "DNA Detectives" are discovering surprising clues in the fight to cure cancer. Kim talks to Dr. Cullen Taniguchi of the MD Anderson Cancer Center who shares crucial, new information about the progress of the fight against cancer." At the link find the title, "Cancer: How DNA detectives are cracking the case against the world's most perplexing killer, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD DNA DETECTIVES FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Catalysts 58 mins – "From brewing beer to cleaning up car emissions and even making less polluting fuels. We're asking – what exactly are catalysts, and how do they work? Plus, in the news, scientists discover the mechanism behind the majority of Alzheimer's cases, new technology helps beekeepers keep bees, and we explore the prospects for the survival of humanity with the Astronomer Royal." At the link find the title, "Catalysts: Our Tiny Chemists, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files catalysts-our-tiny-chemists.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Challenger Disaster Lesson 32 mins – "Failure Is Your Friend In which we argue that failure should not only be tolerated but celebrated." At the link you can listen but not download; however, a copy is included in the blog archive.
Copyright Problems 26 mins – "Making copyright fit for purpose for the digital world is a popular undertaking for governments– though almost never so for publishers. So-called "reforms" are often little more than thinly-veiled attacks on the fundamental principles of intellectual property and the livelihoods of publishers and authors. Notions of balance seem to have vanished as the scales tip further away from rightsholders. At the 2018 Frankfurt Book Fair, Michael Healy, Executive Director, International Relations, spoke with Michiel Kolman, President of the International Publishers Association and Senior Vice President for Information Industry Relations, Elsevier. According to Kolman, the critical connection to make for legislators and the public alike is that intellectual property rights make up the foundation of value in publishing. "I would say overall in the copyright discussion, it [should be] linked to a much broader discussion, and that's the value of publishing. If the value of publishing is more broadly appreciated and recognized, the copyright discussions are easier. And I think that is an area where we [as publishers] should all invest in," Kolman explained. "Whether you're a trade publisher or a literary publisher or an educational publisher or a science publisher, if the products that we deliver – our books and articles and databases – don't have that appreciated value, then the copyright discussions are much more complicated," he told CCC's Healy." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Crime in Australia 62 mins -"Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton addresses the National Press Club in Canberra on the topic of organised crime." At the link find the title, "National Press Club: Peter Dutton, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files NPCc_Dutton_1010_512k.mp4" and select 'Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Cyberlaw 38 mins – "It's Cyber Security Awareness Month, and whether it's a data leak or a data breach, it seems that your private information is getting passed around every day. In this episode of Komando on Demand, guest host and renowned attorney Steven Teppler talks to retired FBI special agent Lawrence Wolfenden, now a cybersecurity and privacy expert, about his experiences with electronic privacy issues during his career as well as what the government can and can't do when it comes to protecting our privacy." At the link find the title, "Can the government protect your online privacy?, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD_Cyberlaw_Replay_FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Cybersecurity 41 mins – "The rate and intensity of cyber attacks on financial institutions has increased in recent years, but the risk that these attacks pose to our financial stability remains understudied in the financial industry and among regulators and policymakers. What would it look like if malicious actors took direct aim at the systemic stability of U.S. financial institutions? On October 11, Susan Hennessey spoke to three senior research scholars from Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs who are taking early steps to find the answer: Katheryn Rosen, former deputy assistant treasury secretary for financial institution policy; Jason Healey, former White House cyber adviser on the Bush administration; and financial-stability expert and former Federal Reserve official Patricia Mosser. They talked about how to understand financial stability, the unique risks that cyber threats pose to it, and what gaps remain in how to mitigate those risks." At the link find the title, "Cybersecurity and Financial Stability," right-click "Direct download: Episode 361.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Disabled Women 73 mins – "Millions of people are dealing with invisible illness, possibly not even knowing it. Guest co-host and contributor Yves Jeffcoat discusses women with invisible illnesses." At the link find the title, "Invisible Illness, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW5057567608.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Dr Who as a Woman 21 mins – "Our guest on this week's Nerdette is the very first lady doctor. No! We're not talking about Merit-Ptah, chief physician of the court of the Egyptian pharaoh back in 2700 B.C. We're not even talking about British physician Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States back in 1849. Both of those ladies were not available for an interview. We're talking with Jodie Whittaker, the first woman to play the lead role in the long-running, time-travel-based BBC television series Doctor Who. (That means that Whittaker, rather than a doctor of medicine, is a fictional doctor of time.) Whittaker, who also starred in the critically acclaimed drama Broadchurch, told Nerdette host Greta Johnsen how she got the Doctor Who role, how fans have reacted to her casting, and why she thinks her character's gender, "more so than probably any other role I've ever played, is irrelevant." Below are highlights." At the link find the title, "Jodie Whittaker And The New 'Doctor Who', Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files jodie whittaker and the new doctor who greta johnsen.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Ebola Responses 10 mins – "Human Ebola virus disease can be caused by four viruses: Sudan virus, Tai Forest virus, Bundibugyo virus, and Ebola virus (EBOV, species Zaire ebolavirus). The 2014 outbreak of EBOV in West Africa was the worst ever, with more than 28,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths in Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Mali. Investigational studies undertaken during the latter stages of the response, however, have led to progress in the development and use of biologic and chemical compounds to treat EBOV and Ebola virus disease (EVD). Recommendations to study vaccines and therapeutics and evaluate their benefit in the context of Ebola responses have been issued by a panel of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the form of an EVD Blueprint.1,2 " At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the popup menu.
Elephant Preserve 84 mins – "John Kay reveals his journey from escaping the Iron Curtain, getting on with limited vision, his passion for music and his love and commitment for wildlife and especially elephants. Ironically, I first learned about John Kay being legally blind from Dan Gausman, a librarian at State Services for the Blind of Minnesota. A client requested to have the Communications Center record an audio copy of John Kay's 1994 autobiography, Magic Carpet Ride. This is a service provided to people who are blind, visually impaired, dyslexic or have difficulty in reading the printed word. Dan mentioned that John was legally blind. This I did not know. John Kay explains his vision and how it led him from behind the Iron Curtain to the freedoms of West Berlin, his adventures as a youth and his days at Sight Saving school in Toronto. Canada. Most importantly, John talks about feeding the fire, feeding his passion for music and for the protection of wildlife. John Kay is transforming from Rock Star to Wildlife Advocate as his touring days with John Kay and Steppenwolf come to a well-deserved rest after 50 years since the release of the first Steppenwolf album. John is ready to make this transition as he has been devoting his time and proceeds from his touring over the last 10 years towards John and his wife Jutta's Maue Kay Foundation, and NGOs, Non-Governmental Organization, similar to a Non-profit organization, that focus on the protection of wildlife…." At the link find the title, "John Kay: From Rock Star to Elephants, We Were All Born To Be Wild #Steppenwolf to #MaueKayFoundation, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files JohnKayFinal.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
End of Life Facts 14 mins – At the link find the title, "End-of-Life Facts and Sentiments – Part 2," right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Equal Rights for Women 43 mins – "Episode Four begins, as all episodes should: with Dolly Parton. Parton wrote a song for us (!) about the 19th Amendment and women (finally) getting the right to vote.
Also in this episode: Our siblings at Radiolab share a story with us that they did about how the 19th Amendment almost died on a hot summer night in Tennessee. The 19th Amendment was obviously a huge milestone for women in the United States. But it was pretty well-understood that this wasn't a victory for all women; it was a victory for white women. People of color have faced all sorts of barriers to voting throughout our nation's history. This includes poll taxes, which were fees people had to pay in order to vote. The 24th Amendment eliminated federal poll taxes in 1964. We hear a song inspired by the 24th Amendment, created for us by Caroline Shaw. Kevin Morby made an excellent song for us about the 24th, too. Check it out here. Finally, Simon Tam, from the band The Slants tells the story of the Supreme Court case about their name, and talks about the song they wrote about the 18th and 21st Amendments for our album. (It's a jam!)" At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Executive Abuse of Police and Intelligence Operations 43 mins – "On October 3, Benjamin Wittes co-hosted an event with his Brookings colleague, Norm Eisen, on The State of Rule of Law in the U.S. Ben moderated a panel on national security and law enforcement with Lawfare contributor and long-time Department of Justice official Mary McCord; former head of the DEA Chuck Rosenberg; and Representative Adam Schiff, ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee. They spoke about the impact of today's political environment on national security investigations in the Executive Branch; Congress's conduct in this recent spate of such investigations; and how—under normal circumstances—these two branches are supposed to interact." At the link find the title, "The State of Rule of Law in the U.S.: National Security and Law Enforcement," right-click "Direct download: Episode 356.mp3"and select 'Save Link as" from the pop-up menu.
Failure Value 32 mins – "Why are so many people so reluctant to quit projects or jobs or relationships that have soured? One reason, Stephen Dubner argues, is that we tend to equate quitting with failure, and there's a huge stigma attached to failure. But … should there be? In their new book Think Like a Freak , Dubner and Steven Levitt argue that perhaps we're not thinking clearly about failure. Failure, they say, can be your friend: LEVITT: I always tell my students — fail quickly. The quicker you fail the more chances you have to fail at something else before you eventually maybe find the thing that you don't fail at. When failure is stigmatized, people will do everything they can to avoid it, often at great cost. Levitt tells the story of a large multinational retailer that was opening its first store in China — and how the company's executives couldn't express their misgivings to a bullish boss. Then we hear a story in which the boss's "go fever" had far more tragic ramifications: the 1986 launch of the space shuttle Challenger. Allan McDonald, an engineer on the shuttle project and author of the book Truth, Lies, and O-Rings , tell us how his attempts to delay the launch were overruled:…" At the link right-click the down-pointing arrow at the end of the sound bar nd select "Save Link As' from the pop-up menu.
Fake News Technology 34 mins – "It seems like every time we fire up the computer, we are bombarded with doctored images, fake videos, false accusations, and outright lies. With all these messages hitting us, how can we determine what's true and what's false? In this episode of Komando on Demand, Kim looks at the latest technology that people are using to generate fake news and how to spot it. Kim talks to filmmaker Charles Dutka about how fake videos and images are created as well as Adrienne Gonzales, owner of Go Fraud Me, who combats fake online fundraisers." At the link find the title, "Generation Deceived: The tech behind fake news, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD Fake News-Generation Deceived FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Fantasy Computer Games 110 mins – At the link find the title, "331. The Art of Dungeons and Dragons (with Michael Witwer, Brian Stillman), Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files geeksguide331final.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Free Radicals 42 mins – "Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the properties of atoms or molecules with a single unpaired electron, which tend to be more reactive, keen to seize an electron to make it a pair. In the atmosphere, they are linked to reactions such as rusting. Free radicals came to prominence in the 1950s with the discovery that radiation poisoning operates through free radicals, as it splits water molecules and produces a very reactive hydroxyl radical which damages DNA and other molecules in the cell. There is also an argument that free radicals are a byproduct of normal respiration and over time they cause an accumulation of damage that is effectively the process of ageing. For all their negative associations, free radicals play an important role in signalling and are also linked with driving cell division, both cancer and normal cell division, even if they tend to become damaging when there are too many of them." At the link right-click "Download" and select"Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Future Trends 71 mins – "Economist and author Michael Munger of Duke University talks about his book, Tomorrow 3.0, with EconTalk host Russ Roberts. Munger analyzes the rise of companies like Uber and AirBnB as an example of how technology lowers transactions costs. Users and providers can find each other more easily through their smartphones, increasing opportunity. Munger expects these costs to fall elsewhere and predicts an expansion of the sharing economy to a wide array of items in our daily lives." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Gig Economy 33 mins – "Looking for a way to make some extra money but find your time is limited? Many employers don't want to go through the hassle of hiring employees but still need people to meet specific needs. Enter the Gig Economy. In this episode of Komando on Demand, Kim takes a look at how people are making a quick buck on sites like Wonolo, Bellhops, Doordash and others. Kim talks to Randi Himelfarb, a video editor who is thriving in the Gig Economy." At the link find the title, "How to take advantage of the Gig Economy, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD_THE_NEW_GIG_ECONOMY_FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-u menu.
Girl Child International Day 69 mins – At the link find the title, "International Day of the Girl Child: A Conversation with Kakenya Ntaiya and Sarah Craven, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files Kakenya Edited Discussion.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Hidden TV Cameras 34 mins – "In this digital age, hidden surveillance is everywhere and if you've ever felt watched in the past, odds are you probably were. From Airbnb to a house of worship, hidden cameras are everywhere. In this episode of Komando on Demand, Kim looks at how hidden spy cameras have become so prevalent in our society and how technology has enabled these cameras to be placed anywhere. Kim also gives tips and advice on how to protect yourself from hidden cameras." At the link find the title, "Who's watching you? The threat of hidden cameras in the digital age, Nov, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD_11-01-2018_WHOS_WATCHING_ME_FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Historic Storms 34 mins – "We're traveling back to a 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina about catastrophic storms, which are almost historical characters in their own right, leaving indelible marks on the places they affect. Here, we cover five of history's most destructive storms, including the Tri-state Tornado of 1925 and the Great Hurricane of 1780." At the link find the title, "SYMHC Classics: 5 Historical Storms, Nov, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW2683621085.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the op-up menu.
Hollywood Power Broker 66 mins – "Michael Ovitz changed the business of show business. In 1975, with a $21,000 loan, he co-founded Creative Artists Agency, which quickly became the world's leading talent agency. As a leader of CAA, Michael's clients included Paul Newman, Barbara Streisand, and Steven Spielberg. But Ovitz has never been a mere Hollywood mogul. Over the years he's deployed his deal-making skills in advertising, finance, and philanthropy. In other words, Michael Ovitz has had a remarkable, and very public, career. He tells his side of the story in a new memoir, Who is Michael Ovitz. Debbie talks to Michael Ovitz about his long and controversial career as a Hollywood power broker. "When you are in the eye of the storm, you really don't see around you very well." At the link find the title, "Michael Ovitz, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files Michael-Ovitz.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Hong Kong Operations 74 mins – "Neil Monnery, author of Architect of Prosperity, talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about his book–a biography of John Cowperthwaite, the man often credited with the economic success of Hong Kong. Monnery describes the policies that Cowperthwaite championed and the role they played in the evolution of Hong Kong's economy. How much those policies mattered is the focus of the conversation. Other topics include the relationship between Hong Kong and China and the irony of the challenges Hong Kong faced from U.S. and British protectionism." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Hungarian Democracy Declines 46 mins – "Last week while traveling in the United Kingdom, Benjamin Wittes met up with András Pap, a Hungarian scholar of constitutional law. Pap is a professor with Central European University's Nationalist Studies Program in Budapest, and the two spoke over breakfast about the decline of Hungarian democracy. They talked about the Fidesz party, Hungary's strongman ruler Viktor Orbán, to what extent Hungary is similar to and different from other European countries, and why Pap was cheerfully having breakfast with Ben talking about all these things and not fearing what would happen to him when he returns to Budapest." At the link find the title, " András Pap on Viktor Orbán and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy," right-click "Direct download: Episode 358.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Immigrant Housing 55 mins – "PhD student Mei Lan Fang's parents survived the Cultural Revolution and immigrated to Canada with dreams of settling in a country where human rights are protected and social mobility is possible. After years of financial struggle in Vancouver, the family verged on homelessness. Mei uses her family's own experience of migration from China to help her understand the life struggles of Vancouver's marginalized seniors in a virtually impossible housing market. Her approach is known as the "life course perspective", reflecting a shift in how many social scientists view their work, and their roles." At the link find the title, "The Life Course – trauma, migration and 'renoviction' in Vancouver, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-fcjQ8lke-20181009.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Indian Life 20 mins – "The big end of season show! Kalki is joined by guests Insia Dariwala, Rahul Sonpimple and Diskit Angmo at St Xavier's College in Mumbai, where they talk to students about being a young adult and Indian in the 21st century. Includes some difficult issues. #MyIndianLife" At the link left-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Irish War 53 mins – "Bank robberies, building explosives and prison hunger strikes. These were just part of Kieran Conway's life in the Irish Republican Army. Decades later, he's a well-known criminal lawyer in Dublin. This episode from IDEAS producer Mary O'Connell looks at Conway's political transformation from British admirer to IRA fighter." At the link find the title, "Avenging Empire: My time in the IRA, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-rNGuLhCC-20181026.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Lawyers Grow Older 30 mins – "The Insurance Industry Studies the Future of Law Practice Chris Newbold discusses the role of malpractice carriers and how the risk assessment process changes in law practice and the future of the profession." At the link find the title, "The Digital Edge : The Insurance Industry Studies the Future of Law Practice, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files episode_130.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Lecturing Rules 34 mins – "Last podcast Mike and Jacob gave you their tips on how to be an effective lecturer. This week our mentors (Haney Mallemat, Resa Lewiss, Alyson McGregor, Victoria Brazil, Matt Dawson, and Anand Swaminathan) give us their top tips for how to be a rockstar on the stage. Check it out! Wanna learn from us in person? Well, we have good news. There are 2 conferences coming up, one in Bend, Oregon, and the other in Lexington, Ky. Click the links to learn more!" At the link find the title, "Top tips for how to be a rockstar on the stage, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files How_to_lecture_Part_2_V2.mp4" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Malaria Vaccine 39 mins – "To eliminate malaria, you have to stop transmission, and that's what Carolina Barillas-Mury hopes to do. Her work on the interaction of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may lead to a transmission-blocking vaccine. She explains how, and discusses the co-evolution of malaria, mosquitos, and man. …Julie's Biggest Takeaways: When born, babies carry antibodies from their mothers, which may protect them through passive immunity; additionally, babies are more easily protected from mosquito exposure by placing them under bed netting. As they grow, children become more active, and their passive immunity concurrently wanes. They may be exposed to mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites and their still-developing immune systems aren't able to keep the parasites from replicating, leading to more severe disease, including cerebral malaria. The Culicines and Anopholines are two major groups of mosquitoes that carry disease. The culicines have recently spread around the world, but the Anopholines species moved from Africa into South America one hundred million years ago, but malaria only moved into the New World a few hundred years ago with the slave trade. The relationship between the mosquitoes and malaria parasites has been evolving much longer in Africa than it has been with the specific population of mosquitoes in South America – one of the reasons why the disease is less devastating in South America. The 'invisibility gene,' pfs47, is expressed in the banana-shaped ookinete and helps the malaria parasite to avoid detection by the mosquito immune system. The pfs47 malarial gene is adapted for the localized mosquito populations from the same region as the parasite; if an African mosquito is infected with a South American parasite, the parasite is more likely to be recognized and killed than if the African mosquito is infected with an African parasite. The most immunogenic proteins in parasites may produce an immune response, but this immune response may not block infection. New vaccines are concentrating on where antibodies bind, to ensure there is a biological effect of the immune response, and this is why Barillas-Mury has used a modified Pfs47 protein to generate immune responses, rather than its native form." At the link find the title, "092: A new type of malaria vaccine utilizing the mosquito immune system with Carolina Barillas-Mury, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files MTM092.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Mesmerism 29 mins – "We're revisiting a 2010 Halloween episode from Sarah and Katie. Today, Franz Mesmer is hailed as the father of hypnosis. His original pursuit was called mesmerism, but what exactly was it? How did it (supposedly) work?" At the link find the title, "SYMHC Classics: He Was Killed by Mesmerism, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW1711825748.mp3"and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Microchipping Employees 49 mins – "Microchip implants are starting to increase in popularity, especially for employers microchiping their employees. But, is this merely the next logical step in efficiency and security? Or is it the next step toward a frightening 1984, Big Brother society that many have warned us about for years? In this episode of Komando on Demand, Kim looks at the technology behind embedding RFID microchips in our bodies, how some employers in Sweden are already starting to microchip their employees as well as how this technology works." At the link find the title, Are employees getting microchip implants for convenience and security?, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files KOD MICROCHIPPING EMPLOYEES_FINAL.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Migrant Caravan 45 mins – "There is a caravan—you've probably heard something about it. Stephanie Leutert, director of the Mexico Security Initiative at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, has heard something about it. On Friday, Benjamin Wittes caught up with Stephanie to talk about her time on the Mexico-Guatemala border traveling with migrants who are following a trail not unlike that of the caravan. They talked about why people are joining this caravan, what the alternatives to it are, why certain migrants are shunning it, the pushes out of countries like Honduras and Guatemala, and what it's like to be a child on the long trek to the United States." At the link find the title, "The Migrant Caravan and its Dissenters," right-click "Direct download: Episode 359.mp3" and select "Save link as" from the pop-up menu.
Militarized Democracy 39 mins – "In recent decades, both democratic and republican administrations have tried to guide other countries toward liberal democracy. But international relations theorist John Mearsheimer's latest book, "The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realties," says that strategy has made the U.S. a "highly militarized state fighting wars that undermine peace, harm human rights, and threaten liberal values at home." Last week at the Hoover Institution's Washington office, Jack Goldsmith sat down with Mearsheimer to talk about the book. They talked about why administrations try to promote democracy, how that strategy has bolstered non-democratic governments, and whether a more restrained foreign policy could better serve U.S. interests." At the link find the title, "John Mearsheimer on 'The Great Delusion'" "Direct download: Episode 357.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Narrative Value 56 mins – "Narrative thinking is how we process and understand our own story. American psychologist, Dan McAdams wrote, "We are all storytellers, and we are the stories we tell." But some of us have no unfolding internal autobiography that helps us bridge our brains and minds. Some of us experience life episodically with one event simply following what came before with no sense of any overarching continuity. If narrative thinking is what makes us human, makes us conscious of ourselves, where does that leave those who who don't tell themselves this story, and their place in the world?" At the link find the title, "Have I Got A Story For You!, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-Ep2sOhVa-20181025.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Native Indian DNA Discussion 43 mins – "Ok, so far be it from me to mention in passing Elizabeth Warren's Cherokee heritage claims. Seriously, I intended for it be a throwaway comment.. I certainly neve intended for it to be a TWENTY FIVE minute conversation. I had WAY more planned for this week's show than what we got to. but hey, good news right? I dont have to prepare for next week's show! Because BRANDON couldn't let a simple stupid comment lie. So, the majority of this week's episode is unexpectedly about Elizabeth Warren's Native American claims and her subsequent DNA test release. Honestly, i wish id been more prepared to talk about it, but silly me i thought it was ginna be a 30 second conversation. (Yes i'm a little inebriated as I write this if you're womdering, but no I wasn't when we recorded it.)/. i actually had like 3 times as much stuff as we needed for a full show as usual. i'm always prepared. but sometimes things… go off the rails. so anywaty, yea. ELIZABETH WARREN!!!! cuckoo crazy bird that she is. takes over the show. whatever. It's still entertaining if muy memory serves. it sure was fun to record anyway. I liked ity. I only do this show to have anexcuse to talk to my brother anywatY!!!! so…shutup/. it's fun and ebnjoyable to listen to. so download the audio file and enjoy. Then we talk about the Noth Dakota voter ID registration debacle, which honestly i think i remember we both agree on. the issue. i dunno man, this was like,… two days ago. im peretty sure we agreed. Listen and find out. Nativetalk.net bitch. we gotta buncha shows. it's fun. we like it, . liosten. lots. cliff & brandoN" At the link find the title, "Elizabeth Warren Cherokee Heritage & North Dakota Voter ID Laws, Oct, 2018,"right-click "Media files elizabeth warren cherokee heritage north dakota voter id laws.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Native Indian Education 42 mins – "On todays NativeTalk.net radio program, we begin with the Plains Indians and the fact that not ALL of them were nomadic. Some actually stayed back and farmed, and built permanant structures. We talk about what they farmed, how they built their homes, and about some of the festivals they had. Then we discuss the dismal graduation rate in North Dakota (65%), especially when compared to their white counterparts which is 23% higher. We discuss this and some of the changes the N.D. school system is adopting to address the situation. A year later, it does seem as though things are improving. Finally, Chris wrote in in response to the last live show we did to call CLiff out on his views in regard to white privilege, and seeks to explain what it is, and why it is a thing. Quite a good program, and I am sure everyone will enjoy listening!" At the link find the title, "Plains Food, Native HS Graduation Rate & Chris Writes In On White Privilege, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files plains food native hs graduation rate chris writes in on-white privilege.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Neolithic Age 42 mins – "This week we go back thousands of years to meet our Neolithic ancestors, and discover how their innovations paved the way for all life as we know it. Explore the origin of farming and wine making, and find out how the Neolithic wielded the remarkable material obsidian." At the link find the title, "Meet the Neolithic!, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files meet-the-neolithic.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Nipah Virus Outbreak 42 mins – "A recent Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, India, was halted due to improved detection capabilities. G. Arunkumar tells the story of his involvement. …Julie's Biggest Takeaways: Because bats are the normal reservoir, Nipah virus outbreaks appear to be seasonal, with an increase in cases coinciding with the spring, when the bat reproduction season is. Once a person is infected through direct contact with the virus, the virus is transmitted person-to-person through respiratory droplets. Family clusters combined with the right incubation time acted as a clue that a Nipah virus outbreak had begun. Molecular tests improved virus detection during the 2018 Nipah outbreak because patients presented symptoms within a few days, which was too short for them to have developed antibodies. Molecular tests allowed identification of infected patients within days. Previous outbreaks have taken weeks to months, or even years, to identify the infectious virus. A single crossover event in the recent Nipah outbreak led to person-to-person transmission within the 22 additional individuals. Hospital infection control practices are important to reduce transmission to healthcare workers and hospital attendants….'This is the first time in the history of Nipah that the diagnosis was done in country. All the previous diagnoses were done at CDC Atlanta.'"At the link find the title, "094: Containing a Nipah virus outbreak with G Arunkumar, Nov, 2018," right-click "Media files MTM094.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Nobel Prizes 2018 12 mins – "This week: We recap the 2018 Nobel Prizes and look at a study exploring a new way to use electrical stimulation to regenerate nerves." At the link find the title, "Up To Date Nobel Prizes and Electrical Nerve Regeneration, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files 29e09150-a455-44c8-8f56-6c473b81e770.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Online Dating 33mins – "Online dating can feel like drudgery… can science help you game the system? And do those matching algorithms actually work? To find out, we talked to psychologist Asst. Prof. Paul Eastwick, social psychologist Prof. Viren Swami, mathematician Asst. Prof. Hannah Fry, and Rose Reid." At the link find the title, "Online Dating: Can Science Find You Love?, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files GLT1248820241.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Opioid Use 30 mins – "There is very little guidance on withdrawing or tapering opioids in chronic pain (not caused by cancer). People can fear pain, withdrawal symptoms, a lack of social and healthcare support, and they may also distrust non-opioid methods of pain management. This can mean that patients receive repeat opioid prescriptions for extended periods of time. In this podcast, Harbinder Sandhu, health psychologist in pain management at Warwick Medical School, Andrea Furlan, associate professor of medicine at University of Toronto, and Sam Eldabe, consultant in pain medicine at The James Cook University Hospital join us to set out the evidence on tapering opioids – and give practical advice on how to support patients. We're also joined by Colin, who was prescribed opioids for a decade, before he decided to reduce his usage. What you need to know: For people with chronic pain and who do not have cancer, the benefits of long term opioids are outweighed by the issues of tolerance, dependence, and the requirement for higher doses Tapering is the gradual reduction of opioids with the aim of limiting withdrawal symptoms; it may target complete discontinuation of the opioid, or on occasion a reduction of the dose It is not clear how best to support people to taper their opioids; whether it is best done by interdisciplinary pain management programmes, buprenorphine substitution, or behavioural interventions" At the link find the title, "How to taper opioids, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files 512673732-bmjgroup-how-to-taper-opioids.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Orbit Braille Reader 19 mins – "Two years ago the RNIB hailed the Orbit Reader 20 a revolutionary development in affordable, refreshable Braille, but despite assurances it would be available within six months, it took a long time coming. But it's here now and we put our questions to the RNIB's director of services David Clarke. And there's been a gene therapy breakthrough in the treatment of the rare eye condition, choroideremia. Trials involving the injection of a virus containing a missing gene have been ongoing since 2011 at the Oxford Eye Hospital, and the newly published results show a significant gain in vision across the group of patients as a whole. We talk to Professor Robert Maclaren about his study, now led by Nightstar Therapeutics. And Joe Pepper, one of the patients, tells us how it transformed his life." At the link you can listen, but not download; however, a copy is included in the blog archive.
Oscar Wilde Women 56 mins – "Irish-born Oscar Wilde was Britain's most famous playwright in the late 19th century. He was also famous, or infamous, for being gay. But the people who arguably had the most important influence on him and his work were women. From the Stratford Festival, a discussion featuring writer and director Peter Hinton, literary scholar Carol Tattersall and theatre director Lezlie Wade." At the link find the title, "Wilde Women in a Man's World, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-R8q1WuZy-20181016.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Parkinsons and Genetics 60 mins – "New discoveries are deepening our understanding of how genetics influences the risk of developing Parkinson's and how we can effectively treat the disease.In our Third Thursdays Webinar series, Moderator Dave Iverson was joined by a Parkinson's patient, a Columbia University neurology professor and the chief of the neurogenetics laboratory at the National Institute on Aging. The wide-ranging discussion covered: What we know about Parkinson's genetics The relationship between genes and cellular proteins And ways to participate in genetic research, even if you don't have a known Parkinson's mutation" At the link right-click "Download Audio File" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Pennsylvania Gerrymandering 47 mins – "Pennsylvania is key to American politics. It's a state that helps pick presidents, of course, and it's a microcosm that reflects the country as a whole. It's populous with a mix of urban and rural voters. The electorate is evenly split between Republicans and Democrats. President Trump won Pennsylvania by less than 45,000 votes out of the 6 million ballots cast here in 2016. So it would make sense to expect that same even split in the state's Congressional delegation — half Democrat, half Republican. But that's not the case. The GOP held 13 out of Pennsylvania's 18 congressional seats after the 2016 election cycle. It was one of the most gerrymandered states in the country. That changed this year. The state supreme court struck down the old district map and made a new one. It wipes away the 13-5 GOP advantage. Suddenly, more than a half-dozen of Pennsylvania's congressional races are newly competitive. That could mean major change in the midterm elections…." At the link right-click the down-pointing arrow and select "Save Link As" as from the pop-up menu.
Political Spectrum Changes 56 mins – "If you're not a socialist at twenty, you have no heart; and if you're not a conservative at forty, you have no brain." The saying has been around since at least the late 19th century, and it's not entirely clear who coined it. But the fact that it's still in circulation today says something about the way many of us do become more conservative as the years pass. Producer Peter Mitton explores why this tendency exists, and what it says about the way we acquire our political beliefs." At the link find the title, "Conservative with Age: Why your political stripes change over time (Encore December 11, 2017), Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-u5OxogFM-20181030.mp3" and select "Save Link As: from the pop-up menu.
Positive Mental Health 52 mins – "In this episode, we are joined by Steven MacGregor, who is the founder and CEO of The Leadership Academy of Barcelona and author of Sustaining Executive Performance and his latest book is Chief Wellbeing Officer, in which he discusses the importance of maintaining positive mental health in the workplace. Steven is also an academic specializing in executive education and has taught at Stanford University, IMD at Lausanne, and CIBS in Shanghai. Why Steven believes that positive mental health and humanity will help us to thrive in the future world of work .How not to be over busy, and the benefits of slowing down in the workplace. Why Steven believes we should focus on the small picture, and how to quickly learn new and automatic habits." At the link right-click "Download this Episode" and select "Save Link As' from the pop-up menu.
Prosthetic Joint Infections 60 mins – "Robin Patel discusses her work on prosthetic joint infections and how metagenomics is changing infectious disease diagnostic procedures. …Julie's Biggest Takeaways: The term antimicrobial resistance can mean many things. Although acquisition of genetic elements can lead to drug resistance, so can different growth lifestyles of bacteria; the same bacteria growing in liquid culture may be more susceptible to a drug than those bacteria growing on a biofilm. Lifestyle and genetics can intertwine, however, when bacteria growing as a biofilm exchange resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. How do bacteria reach an implanted surface, such as on a prosthetic joint, to cause infection? It may rarely occur during surgery, if even a single bacterium reaches the joint surface despite the sterile conditions; alternatively, it could occur through hematogenous spread (through the blood) after the surgery is over. Most infections are believed to be seeded at the time of implantation. While scientists don't perform teeny, tiny implants in animal models of infection, the materials are placed in animal bone to mimic as similar an immune response as possible. Targeted metagenomics and shotgun metagenomics are both being developed clinically. Targeted metagenomics looks at one specific gene found in a number of species, such as the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Shotgun metagenomic looks at all DNA present, and requires a lot more cleaning up to eliminate human genomic material, which is the major sequence of any human-derived sample. At the link find the title, "093: Biofilms and metagenomic diagnostics in clinical infections with Robin Patel, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files MTM093.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Publish Your Material 105 mins – "Phil M. Williams is an author, permaculture consultant, and activist for a stateless society. He is the author of thirteen books with permaculture and anarchist themes. In 2008, after a decade as a landscape contractor, Phil sold his business and moved from the McMansion filled suburbs of Northern Virginia to rural Pennsylvania. He spent a couple of years as a mediocre gardener, before finding permaculture. A few years later, and two completed PDC's, he became a permaculture consultant. In addition to consulting, he's spent the past six years developing his six-acre hillside into a permaculture site. His permaculture work can be found at FoodProduction101.com. Phil is an accidental author. He had been writing in the winter for many years—with no intention of publishing. With the support of his wife, he published his first book, Fire the Landscaper in 2015. With his permaculture site mostly complete, more of his time is now spent writing. He believes that entertainment is biased in favor of the state. Books, movies, and television often feature government employees as heroes, and anti-government people as the antagonists. With his books, he endeavors to counteract this bias, and show the state as it is. He joins us today to discuss how independent publishing can be a path to freedom." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Reconstruction Amendments 33 mins – "Amendments 13, 14, and 15 are collectively known as the Reconstruction Amendments: they were passed as instructions to rebuild the country after Civil War. They addressed slavery, citizenship, equality and voting rights for black people. This week, the More Perfect team explores the legacy of the amendments beyond the Civil War — the ways the promises of these amendments changed the country and the ways they've fallen short. First, More Perfect Executive Producer Suzie Lechtenberg and Legal Editor Elie Mystal explore the loophole in the 13th Amendment's slavery ban that's being used in a strange context: college football. We share songs about the 13th Amendment from Kash Doll and Bette Smith. Then, producer Julia Longoria shares a conversation with her roommate Alia Almeida exploring their relationship to the amendments. Inspired by the 14th's Amendment's grant of equal protection and citizenship rights, Sarah Kay's poem tells the story of her grandmother, a U.S. citizen who was interned during World War II in a Japanese American Internment camp. Despite the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of U.S. citizens based solely on their Japanese heritage in a case called Korematsu v. United States. In 2018, the Supreme Court said Korematsu was "wrong the day it was decided." The Court went on to uphold President Trump's controversial travel ban in Trump v. Hawaii. "Korematsu has nothing to do with this case," wrote the majority. In a dissenting opinion, Justice Sotomayor accused the majority of "redeploying the same dangerous logic underlying Korematsu" when they upheld the ban. Finally, hear songs inspired by the 15th Amendment by Aisha Burns and Nnamidi Ogbonnaya." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Recycling for Blind 19 mins – "What help can you get if you struggle to recycle your rubbish? Listeners talk about the problems they have with recycling their rubbish: from knowing which bin to put the right rubbish in, to finding it again once it has been collected. We talk to Wayne Priestly from the Association for Public Service Excellence about what help visually impaired-residents can expect to receive from their local council. Professor Christopher Tyler from London City University believes he has found evidence artist Leonardo da Vinci had an eye condition called Strabismus – where the eyes are misaligned. He thinks this may have had an impact on the way Da Vinci represented three-dimensional art on a canvas. Ross King, biographer of Claude Monet, says Monet's cataracts impacted his work later in life." At the link right-click "Download" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Routers for Gaming 57 mins – "Gaming is much bigger than the system a game is running on. Nowadays, gaming is enhanced and oftentimes defined by how it interplays with the cloud, and that poses complications for home networks. Jason Howell and Sam Machkovech from Ars Technica check out the category of gaming routers to understand what makes them effective, and how even mediocre systems are now capable of so much more thanks to cloud gaming services." At the link left-click "Download Options," right-click "Audio" on the pop-up menu and select "Save Link As" from the next pop-up menu.
Scottish Enlightenment 56 mins – "Two hundred and fifty years ago, a relatively remote and economically-challenged country called Scotland became the surprising host to one of the most exciting intellectual developments in the world. Magically, the best and the brightest minds were being promoted and distributed by enterprising and adventurous publishers, in places like Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. Not surprisingly, a select group of printers with rare genius rose to meet an obvious need. Beautiful books were born! Part 2 of a 3-part series." At the link find the title, "A book lover, his library and the Scottish Enlightenment (Encore February 22, 2018), Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files ideas-rWykllrg-20181011.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Sinking of SS Princess Sophia 37 mins – "The sinking of the SS Princess Sophia was a massive tragedy for both Canada and the United States. But it was also really overshadowed by the end of World War I and the flu pandemic, so it's been nicknamed the unknown Titanic of the West Coast." At the link find the title, "The Sinking of the SS Princess Sophia, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW1301113216.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Suicides in the Military 48 mins – "Women veterans are taking their own lives at staggering rates, according to the latest research from the VA. E&B take a closer look at the numbers to better understand the problem – and possible solutions." At the link find the title, "SMNTY Classics: Skyrocketing Suicide Among Women Vets, Nov, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW2951247201.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Surviving the Next Century 54 mins – "How can humanity survive the next century of climate change, a growing population, and emerging technological threats? Where do we stand now, and what steps can we take to cooperate and address our greatest existential risks? In this special podcast episode, Ariel speaks with Martin Rees about his new book, On the Future: Prospects for Humanity, which discusses humanity's existential risks and the role that technology plays in determining our collective future. Martin is a cosmologist and space scientist based in the University of Cambridge. He is director of The Institute of Astronomy and Master of Trinity College, and he was president of The Royal Society, which is the UK's Academy of Science, from 2005 to 2010. In 2005 he was also appointed to the UK's House of Lords…." At the link left-click the down-pointing arrow at the end of the sound bar, select "Save File" and "OK" from the pop-up menu to download the podcast.
Trump Supporters 58 mins – "Back in January, Benjamin Wittes sat down with Mike Doran—a foreign policy and Middle East specialist who served in the George W. Bush White House, State Department, and Pentagon, and is a former Brookings colleague—to discuss his support of President Trump and dismissal of the Trump-Russia allegations and the investigation of L'Affaire Russe. At the end of that conversation, Ben and Mike said they would check in again in a few months to see who was right. Earlier this week, the two sat down over Scotch to talk through Doran's views on—among other things—the Mueller investigation, the Steele dossier, Carter Page's FISA warrant, and the congressional investigations into L'Affaire Russe. It's safe to say that their views have not converged, and Doran's view of the world differs from the standard fare on Lawfare. Hang onto your hats, folks, this one's a wild ride." At the link find the title, "Through the Looking Glass with Mike Doran, An Update," right-click "Direct download: Episode 355.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Trustworthiness 16 mins – "Is it always good to be trustworthy? Can trustworthiness come into conflict with other values, such as generosity? Katherine Hawley discusses these and other questions about trustworthiness with Nigel Warburton in this episode of the Philosophy Bites podcast." At the link find the title, "Katherine Hawley on Trustworthiness," right-click "Direct download: Katherine Hawley on Trustworthiness.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
U.S. and EU Relationship 58 mins – "It's easy to spend all our time focusing on American domestic politics these days, but the rest of the world is not going away. Take the European Union, for example—our neighbors from across the pond, and one of the US's most valuable economic and security relationships. There's a lot going on over there, and some of it even involves us. How is that relationship faring in the age of tariffs, presidential blusters, Brexit, and tensions over Iran sanctions? To figure that out, Shannon Togawa Mercer and Benjamin Wittes spoke to David O'Sullivan, the EU Ambassador to the United States. They talked about the US-EU trade relationship, Iran and Russia sanctions, Privacy Shield, the rule of law in deconsolidating democracies in the EU, and more." At the link find the title, "Ambassador David O'Sullivan on the US-EU Relationship," right-click "Direct download: Episode 354.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Ultrasound Research Tactics 34 mins – "We always lecture about ultrasound, but we've never lectured on how to lecture about ultrasound. In our latest episode, Mike Mallin and Jacob Avila discuss the finer points of how to produce a good lecture. Also, stay tuned for our next episode where we get tips from the experts: Haney Mallemat, Anand Swaminathan, Resa Lewiss, Vic Brazil, Ashley Shreeves and Matt Dawson. Wanna learn from us in person? Well, we have good news. There are 2 conferences coming up, one in Bend, Oregon, and the other in Lexington, Ky. Click the links to learn more!" At the link find the title, "How to Lecture, Oct, 2018," right-click "Media files How to lecture V2.mp4" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Virtual Reality Equipment 53 mins – "Virtual Reality is experiencing explosive growth and that means you have options! From mobile phone solutions like Daydream, to high-end systems like the Oculus Rift, Sam Machkovech from Ars Technica and Jason Howell show them off and advise on ways to improve on their strengths out of the box." At the link left-click "Download Options," right-click "Audio" on the pop-up menu and select "Save Link As" from the next pop-up menu.
Wage Equity 69 mins – "One of the ways frequently proposed to combat the gender and racial wage gaps is with pay transparency, but that begs the question – why are we so weird about money? A & B take a closer look at pay transparency, and get a little weird themselves." At the link find the title, "Women and Pay Transparency, Nov, 2018," right-click "Media files HSW4187774382.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
Yemen War 58 mins – "Since 2011, Yemen has transitioned from the scene of a political crisis to one of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world, but how U.S. policy affects the situation is the subject of little discussion. The United States provides intelligence and logistical support to the Saudi- and Emirati-led coalition fighting against Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen, and the conflict implicates the future stability of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the U.S.'s longest standing ally in the region. To shed light on the complicated dynamic of the conflict, on October 25, the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution hosted a panel discussion on U.S. policy in Yemen, featuring Brookings senior fellows Daniel Byman and Bruce Riedel, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Dafna Rand, and Arabia Foundation senior analyst Fatima Abo Alasrar. They talked about the U.S.'s role in the conflict, the extent of the humanitarian crisis, and how the dire conditions on the ground can be alleviated." At the link find the title, "U.S. Policy and the Crisis in Yemen," right-click "Direct download: Episode 360.mp3" and select "Save Link As" from the pop-up menu.
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This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged AI Creator and China Impact, Algorithms and People, Bias Conflicts, Bike Racing in Europe, Business Enterprise Program, Cancer Cure, cancer research, Catalysts, Challenger Disaster Lesson, Copyright Problems, Crime in Australia, Cyberlaw, cybersecurity, Disabled Women, Dr Who as a Woman, Ebola Responses, Elephant Preserve, End of Life Facts, Equal Rights for Women, Executive Abuses of Police and Intelligence Operations, Failure Value, Fake News Technology, Fantasy Computer Games, Free Radicals, Future Trends, Gig Economy Tactics, Girl Child International Day, Hidden Video Cameras, Historic Storms, Hollywood Power Broker, Hong Kong Operations, Hungarian Democracy Declines, Immigrant Housing, Indian Life, Irish War, Lawyers Grow Older, Lecturing Rules, malaria vaccine, Mesmerism, Microchipping Employees, Migrant Caravan, Militarized Democracy, Narrative Value, Native Indian DNA Discussion, Native Indian Education, Neolithic Age, Nipah Virus Outbreak, Noble Prizes, Online Dating, Opioid Use, Orbit Braille Reader, Oscar Wilde Women, Parkinsons and Genetics, Pennsylvania Gerrymandering, Political Spectrum Changes, Positive Mental Health, Prosthetic Joint Infections, Publish Your Material, Reconstruction Amendments, Recycling for Blind, Routers for Gaming, Scottish Enlightenment, Sinking of SS Princess Sophia, Suicides in Military, Surviving the Next Century, Trump Supporters, Trusthworthiness, U.S. and EU Relationship, Ultrasound Research Tactics, Virtual Reality Equipment, Wage Equity, Yemen War. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: Expected number of vertices of a "random" polytope in $d$ dimensions Suppose I have a polytope with $m$ hyperfaces in $d$ dimensions. How many vertices should I expect it to have?
Clearly an upper bound is $\binom{m}{d}$ if every face touches every other, as in the simplex, but for $m > d+1$ this situation is overly pessimistic.
I found a paper by Matheiss and Rubin (https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~deloera/MISC/BIBLIOTECA/trunk/Matheiss.pdf) which gives an upper bound $O(m^{d/2})$ of vertices. But again, this is in the worst case. How many vertices should one expect?
I imagine this will depend somewhat on how one defines a "typical" polytope. I'm not sure myself, but one setup would be sampling points from a normal distribution on $\mathbb{R}^d$ until their convex hull has $m$ faces.

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Dalkard & Elliott Leicester stock Moduleo flooring, Project Flooring, Earthwerks and Natural Solutions collections of Luxury Vinyl.
Every style is available in a fantastic range of finishes in stone and wood effects.
Your living space will look stunning in the look of traditional flooring.
In addition all these floors are a highly practical.
So much warmer than laminate and most of all, very durable.
Classic styles of wood that are fitted in straight plank and herringbone fashion, are simply perfect for your lounge.
Vinyl & LVT flooring complements wood and leather furniture beautifully. It creates a timeless space for you and allows you to peacefully unwind.
Very suitable for large families and pets, Luxury Vinyl Tiles (LVT) are easily cleaned.
They are completely waterproof and as a result, it is so simple to maintain.
You may need some work carrying out to prepare the sub-floor, before the Vinyl or LVt can be fitted.
If you room has floorboards, we will need to fit ply-wood over the boards, to give you the perfect base to lay your new flooring to.
If your sub-floor is made of concrete, it is very likely that the room will need to be screeded smooth.
Dalkard & Elliott will make sure that all the tests are taken out, to make sure that you have a trouble free installation. With over 50 years of fitting experience, there really is nothing that we haven't been able to do, so far!
The fitting is 1st class and our attention to detail so excellent.
Dalkard & Elliott will call out and carry out a full survey of the areas you want to have fitted. As a result your new flooring will be perfectly supplied and fitted. In addition, if you fancy fitting the flooring yourself, Dalkard & Elliott will also supply you everything that you need at great supply only prices.
Match your flooring to our extensive range of stylish drapes, curtains and blinds. and enjoy making it special!
Visit our Leicester showroom today or call 0116 255 5043 for advice on choosing Lounge Vinyl flooring & Luxury Vinyl Tiles for your Lounge.


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Ronald Fieldstone and Anthony Kang featured in China Business Network segment
By Arnstein & Lehr LLP
Ronald Fieldstone
Arnstein & Lehr Miami Partner Ronald R. Fieldstone and Associate Anthony Kang were recently interviewed for a segment with the China Business Network regarding foreign investments in Miami. The segment focused on foreign investments in Miami and what attracts investors to South Florida. The segment opens with the notion that the Miami Heat helped the city gain visibility to foreigners who otherwise would not necessarily think to come to Miami to invest. Mr. Kang discussed the different types of investors that come here (typically high net-worth individuals/entities). Mr. Fieldstone discussed EB-5 investment opportunities.
LEWIS RICE OPENS EDWARDSVILLE OFFICE
By Lewis Rice LLC
To better serve its long-standing and growing client base in Southern Illinois, the law firm of Lewis, Rice & Fingersh is pleased to announce the opening of a new office on Main Street in downtown Edwardsville, across the street from the historic Wildey Theatre. Lewis Rice brings to Edwardsville its 104 year history of providing the business community the highest quality legal services across all practice specialty areas. More…
TARK GRUNTE SUTKIENE actively works in all major legal processes following the bankruptcies of Ūkio and Snoras banks
Lawyers of TARK GRUNTE SUTKIENE currently work in all major legal processes following the bankruptcies of AB SNORAS and AB Ūkio Bankas.
In 2012 – 2013 the law firm represented State Enterprise "Insurance of Deposits and Investments" in the process of transferring a part of assets and liabilities of AB Ūkio Bankas to AB Šiaulių Bankas, which was the first transaction of this type ever executed in Lithuania.
Week of July 29, 2013 on ILNToday – A Roundup!
By Lindsay Griffiths of ILN
It's been a surprisingly busy week for the summer here at the ILN, and with August here already, the summer is flying by! Who's ready for our European Regional Meeting in Mainz next month?
Here are this week's top posts:
Changing or Revoking a Will from Halsbury Chambers: This post kicked off a great discussion in the ILN's LinkedIn group about estate laws by jurisdiction.
This Week in Washington from McDonald Hopkins: McDonald Hopkins delivers another top-notch review of the issues in Washington, DC from last week.
Federal Court hands down Hewlett-Packard decision – fined $3 million for misleading consumers and retailers from Gadens Lawyers: The ILN's Australian member reviews the recent HP decision and its impact.
Hospital Medical Staff Lacks Capacity To Sue – Medical Staff Bylaws Are Not a Contract from Ogden Murphy Wallace: OMW's Greg Montgomery discusses a recent decision by the Minnesota Court of Appeals.
Exploring the Rise of Native American Gaming from Davis & Gilbert: Ron Urbach talks about Native American Gaming in his latest post, which includes an interview with Jim Diamond, an expert in Indian law.
Posted in Zen & the Art of Legal Networking
Business Property Renovation Allowance (BPRA) – HMRC Review 18 July 2013
By Fladgate LLP
HMRC have announced a "technical review" of BPRA legislation with a view to making their policy purpose even clearer, so that the relief will be easier for both claimants and HMRC to operate. Perhaps this should be interpreted as code for "easier for HMRC to reject claims"?
The technical note which HMRC have issued highlights a number of concerns which have emerged from their review of existing relief claims and Disclosure of Tax Avoidance Schemes (DOTAS) notifications. More…
Swaps mis-selling – SMEs and the sophistication complication
This April saw the start of the compensation process by the banks(1) taking part in the review regarding the mis-selling of interest rate swaps and other interest rate hedging products (IRHPs)(2). However, despite this, the news is far from good for some SMEs.
This is because there is a significant obstacle on the road to compensation and it is important that SMEs are aware of this and how to face it. This obstacle is the sophistication test. More…
The Senate Has Confirmed A "Full" 5 Member NLRB That Includes 3 Union Lawyers – Are You Ready?
By Epstein Becker & Green
by: Adam C. Abrahms and Steven M. Swirsky
On July 30th the Senate confirmed career union lawyer Kent Hirozawa (D) and retired AFL-CIO Associate General Counsel Nancy Schiffer (D) as well as seasoned management labor lawyers Philip Miscimarra (R) and Harry Johnson (R) to serve on the National Labor Relations Board. The Senate also confirmed current NLRB Chairman Mark Gaston Pearce (D).
The confirmations are of course the result of the Senate Republicans backing down in the face of the threat by Senate Democrats to change Senate rules so that they could force a vote, up or down, on President Obama's nominations for the Board and other positions. The "deal", inspired by the threat, included the withdrawal of President Obama's nomination of his recess appointees, Sharon Block and Richard Griffin , whose appointments were held unconstitutional recess. The President, however, merely replaced Block and Griffin with Hirozawa and Miscimarra, and only after consultation with and approval from AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka and Organized Labor.
Employment Tribunal fees now in force
The introduction of fees for claims to the Employment Tribunal and Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) came into effect on 29th July 2013.
The BBC reports that the fees to lodge a claim at a tribunal are set at £160 or £259, with an additional £230 or £950 if the case proceeds. At the EAT, it will cost £400 to lodge an appeal. If the case goes to a full hearing, it will cost a further £1,200.
The introduction of fees has received a mixed reception. The Forum of Private Business has welcomed the move, with its Chief Executive, Phil Orford, saying:
Ohio Statehouse Update: This Week in Ohio — August 2, 2013
By McDonald Hopkins News
Speaker of the House William G. Batchelder (R-Medina) recently announced the creation of three summer legislative study committees that will conduct a series of hearings around the state through August and September focused on higher education, prescription drug abuse and tax reform.
"The committees present an opportunity to hear from experts and others impacted by these policies to learn more and help us make well-informed policy decisions," said Batchelder.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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NYC Curbed Comparisons
What $4,700 Can Rent You Around New York City
By Jeremiah Budin Jul 27, 2012, 1:30pm EDT
Welcome back to Curbed Comparisons, a column that explores what one can rent for a set dollar amount in various New York City neighborhoods. Is one man's studio another man's townhouse? Let's find out! Today's price: $4,700/month.
? Most of us probably agree that $4,700/month (give or take a hundred) is too much to spend on an apartment. ("New York real estate is a racket!" ?someone in the comments, probably.) However, if you have the money, and you're so inclined, $4,800/month can rent you 1,140 square feet in Downtown by Philippe Starck in FiDi. The apartment itself is fine, but what you're really paying for are the amenities, which include a roof deck, gym, basketball court, bowling lane, absurd chandelier pool, billiards room, sauna, what looks like a squash court, and seriously, what is with that pool?
? In the East Village, a newly renovated 3BR, 2BA is available for $4,695/month. It features a good amount of exposed brick and a small roof deck.
? Over on the Upper East Side, a 1,025-square-foot corner 2BR, 2BA can be yours for $4,800/month. It features large windows and a balcony.
? If your intention is to spend a lot of money on not a lot of space, one good strategy is to live on the south border of Central Park (Central Park South, for voting purposes.) This 550-square-foot condo is going for $4,800/month and has a chandelier that looks like it takes up half the living room. "The best." ?Donald Trump
? In Williamsburg, a 1,064-square-foot 2BR, 2BA in The Aurora is going for $4,750/month. It has floor-to-ceiling windows and has a balcony overlooking McCarren Park. Frankly, it looks quite lovely.
? This 2BR, 2BA in West Chelsea has exposed brick and the fireplace, but really the only thing we can focus on is how shiny the floors are. So shiny! Don't walk around this apartment in socks, because it looks really slippery. It costs $4,750/month.
· Curbed Comparisons archives [Curbed]
15 Broad St, New York, NY 10005
Next Up In NYC Curbed Comparisons
What $1M buys in NYC right now
What $3,100 rents in NYC right now
What $700,000 buys in NYC right now


Above all else, we understand that our job is to look after our clients and their best interests.
At Holding Redlich, great law is our starting point.
Across our offices in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Cairns we provide a complete range of legal services for clients of all sizes including many of Australia's largest public and private companies and all levels of government.
We provide solutions tailored to our clients' needs, underpinned by the very best legal thinking and expert industry knowledge.
But it takes much more than great law to build enduring partnerships - our aim with every client.
That's why we have a personal stake in our clients' success and longevity, a commitment to quality in everything we do and an informal culture which values respect and collaboration.
We also believe it's what you know and who you know. Our clients receive the benefit of our strong political, commercial and cultural networks where necessary to get results.
And above all else, we understand that our role is to look after our clients and their best interests.
Our informal, caring and supportive culture is part of our DNA. Respect and collaboration long ago replaced ego and pretence.
We are committed to creating an environment that values the contribution of all our partners and staff.
For years before it was fashionable, we have encouraged our people to achieve a realistic balance between their work and personal lives.
The firm has a range of policies and programs in place designed to reflect the diverse range of family obligations and the need for people to be able to balance those obligations with work.
Holding Redlich is committed to creating an environment that values and recognises the diverse backgrounds and unique experiences of our partners and staff.
"I am particularly proud of Holding Redlich's commitment to gender equality. We strive to create an environment that values and recognises the diverse backgrounds and unique experiences of our partners and staff.
Holding Redlich has a longstanding commitment to working pro bono to support access to justice for the most disadvantaged and vulnerable.
We have advised and represented refugees seeking asylum in Australia; people with disabilities challenging employment discrimination; homeless young people facing accumulated fines; elderly people duped into financial arrangements which could leave them homeless; emerging artists entering into contractual arrangements; and Indigenous organisations seeking to maintain their cultural heritage.
We also provide legal services to many community organisations working for social justice and human rights, and partner with pro bono legal referral services and community legal centres.
The Holding Redlich Social Justice Fund (a sub-fund of the Australian Communities Foundation) is a firm-wide initiative to promote social justice in the community at a grass roots level, through a structured program of philanthropic giving. The firm matches all contributions from staff and partners and since 2006 has supported initiatives aimed at addressing the needs of the most marginalised young people – particularly those who are homeless and/or at risk of leaving school.
We have always encouraged our partners and staff to contribute to the community by accepting positions of responsibility in government, community and arts organisations. A number of our lawyers serve on, or have served on, boards and committees of government, statutory, arts and community organisations.
Holding Redlich has, for many years, been involved with a number of organisations in the arts as part of our commitment to support the communities in which we live and work.
In addition to a range of initiatives, both past and current, the firm is proud to sponsor Salon des Refusés in New South Wales, the Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) Art Masters Exhibition, the Flying Arts Alliance in Brisbane and regional Queensland and the Cairns Indigenous Art Fair (CIAF).
We have sponsored the Salon des Refusés exhibition at the National Trust's S.H. Ervin Gallery since 1999. The firm also sponsors the Holding Redlich People's Choice Award for the most popular artwork of the Salon des Refusés as voted by exhibition visitors. The Salon des Refusés was initiated by the S.H. Ervin Gallery in 1992 in response to the large number of works entered into the Archibald Prize which were not selected for display in the official exhibition. The Archibald Prize is one of Australia's most high profile and respected awards which attracts hundreds of entries each year and the S.H. Ervin Gallery's 'alternative' selection has become a much anticipated feature of the Sydney arts calendar.
Holding Redlich sponsors the VCA Art Masters Exhibition, a showcase of work from students completing the Master of Contemporary Art and Master of Fine Art at the Victorian College of the Arts. The firm also sponsors the Peter Redlich Memorial Art Prize, which is awarded to the most senior student at research-level as recognition of their achievements throughout their study and to further their artistic practice.
We are proud to be the inaugural Touring Exhibition Partner of the Flying Arts Alliance Queensland Regional Art Awards. As part of our partnership, the firm also co-sponsors the main award, the Art for Life Award. The Flying Arts is an arts and cultural development organisation which has been delivering visual arts projects and services to regional and remote Queensland for 45 years. Its primary annual activity is the Queensland Regional Art Awards.
The Cairns Indigenous Art Fair (CIAF) is dedicated to supporting the careers of Queensland Indigenous artists by providing a platform for exposure and income generation. CIAF is committed to strengthening and celebrating culture, creating professional development opportunities for artists, and cultural exchange between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and visitors.
Holding Redlich is proud to be the sponsor of The Green and Main Stage at CIAF 2019.
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Our membership of LawExchange International means that our clients have access to 1,800 lawyers in 29 firms in 23 countries around the world.
By contacting another member firm of LawExchange International firms are able to provide their clients with prompt access to high-quality legal services specific to that country.
This is invaluable in terms of removing language and cultural barriers and ensuring that clients have access to knowledge about specific legislation and legal processes in the countries in which they are doing business.
LawExchange International members are in regular contact with each other, maintaining close working relationships which are essential to ensure the continuity and quality of services.
For more information about LawExchange International please visit www.lawexchange.org.
Holding Redlich has strong links to a number of businesses and law firms in Asia, with particular emphasis on China and Singapore.
Our aim is to provide excellent, expert advice to businesses wishing to invest in Australia. Our overseas clients appreciate our high level skills and experience in business migration, foreign investment rules, business structures, commercial real estate, agribusiness, infrastructure, and energy and resources in particular.
When Peter Redlich founded Holding Redlich, he began with a vision – to make high quality legal services available to all members of our community, from government and the biggest corporation to the humblest worker. His vision was rooted in his utter conviction that social justice is a precondition to a good and civilised society and that lawyers bear much of the responsibility for making our society fair.
Peter worked tirelessly for nearly 40 years to bring his vision to life. Peter was always full of ideas in pursuit of his vision. He often said that "chance is worth a thousand plans" and many of his ideas came from chance meetings or Peter seeing an opportunity before anyone else.
Although Peter was dedicated to the firm, he was a man of many other parts. As President and past-President of the Victorian branch of the ALP he was influential in both State and Federal politics. He was a mentor and informal adviser to a number of politicians, both those who had achieved senior positions and those starting out on their careers.
Peter also had a strong and enduring relationship with the union movement, particularly with ACTU Secretaries Bob Hawke and Bill Kelty and ACTU President Simon Crean. Many union officials still speak admiringly of Peter's passionate and no-holds barred advocacy of their members' claims.
Peter also had time to be, at various times, Chair of the Victorian Arts Centre, the TAB and Film Victoria, a director of the Australian Industry Development Corporation and Telstra and a member of the Monash University Council. He was made an AO for his services to the law, politics and the community – an appointment of which he rightfully was very proud.
Peter's death left a big hole. But the firm he created, and the values he has instilled in everyone he worked with continue as a living and lasting monument to his rich life and determination to help build a better and fairer society.


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An exoskeleton (from Greek  éxō "outer" and  skeletós "skeleton") is an external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) in for example, a human. In usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as "shells". Examples of exoskeletons within animals include the arthropod exoskeleton shared by chelicerates, myriapods, crustaceans, and insects, as well as the shell of certain sponges and the mollusc shell shared by snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some animals, such as the turtle, have both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton.

Role
Exoskeletons contain rigid and resistant components that fulfill a set of functional roles in many animals including protection, excretion, sensing, support, feeding and acting as a barrier against desiccation in terrestrial organisms. Exoskeletons have a role in defense from pests and predators, support and in providing an attachment framework for musculature.

Arthropod exoskeletons contain chitin; the addition of calcium carbonate makes them harder and stronger, at the price of increased weight. Ingrowths of the arthropod exoskeleton known as apodemes serve as attachment sites for muscles. These structures are composed of chitin and are approximately six times stronger and twice the stiffness of vertebrate tendons. Similar to tendons, apodemes can stretch to store elastic energy for jumping, notably in locusts. Calcium carbonates constitute the shells of molluscs, brachiopods, and some tube-building polychaete worms. Silica forms the exoskeleton in the microscopic diatoms and radiolaria. One species of mollusc, the scaly-foot gastropod, even makes use of the iron sulfides greigite and pyrite.

Some organisms, such as some foraminifera, agglutinate exoskeletons by sticking grains of sand and shell to their exterior. Contrary to a common misconception, echinoderms do not possess an exoskeleton, as their test is always contained within a layer of living tissue.

Exoskeletons have evolved independently many times; 18 lineages evolved calcified exoskeletons alone. Further, other lineages have produced tough outer coatings analogous to an exoskeleton, such as some mammals. This coating is constructed from bone in the armadillo, and hair in the pangolin. The armor of reptiles like turtles and dinosaurs like Ankylosaurs is constructed of bone; crocodiles have bony scutes and horny scales.

Growth

Since exoskeletons are rigid, they present some limits to growth. Organisms with open shells can grow by adding new material to the aperture of their shell, as is the case in snails, bivalves and other molluscans. A true exoskeleton, like that found in arthropods, must be shed (moulted) when it is outgrown. A new exoskeleton is produced beneath the old one. As the old one is shed, the new skeleton is soft and pliable. The animal will typically stay in a den or burrow for this time,  as it is quite vulnerable during this period. Once at least partially set, the organism will plump itself up to try to expand the exoskeleton. The new exoskeleton is still capable of growing to some degree, however.  Animals of the order arthropoda, like lizards, amphibians, and many other animals that shed their skin, are indeterminate growers. Animals that are indeterminate growers grow in size continually throughout their life because, in this case, their exoskeleton is always being replaced. Failure to shed the exoskeleton once outgrown can result in the animal being suffocated within its own shell, and will stop subadults from reaching maturity, thus preventing them from reproducing. This is the mechanism behind some insect pesticides, such as Azadirachtin.

Paleontological significance

Exoskeletons, as hard parts of organisms, are greatly useful in assisting preservation of organisms, whose soft parts usually rot before they can be fossilized. Mineralized exoskeletons can be preserved "as is", as shell fragments, for example. The possession of an exoskeleton  permits a couple of other routes to fossilization. For instance, the tough layer can resist compaction, allowing a mold of the organism to be formed underneath the skeleton, which may later decay. Alternatively, exceptional preservation may result in chitin being mineralized, as in the Burgess Shale, or transformed to the resistant polymer keratin, which can resist decay and be recovered.

However, our dependence on fossilized skeletons also significantly limits our understanding of evolution. Only the parts of organisms that were already mineralized are usually preserved, such as the shells of molluscs. It helps that exoskeletons often contain "muscle scars", marks where muscles have been attached to the exoskeleton, which may allow the reconstruction of much of an organism's internal parts from its exoskeleton alone. The most significant limitation is that, although there are 30-plus phyla of living animals, two-thirds of these phyla have never been found as fossils, because most animal species are soft-bodied and decay before they can become fossilized.

Mineralized skeletons first appear in the fossil record shortly before the base of the Cambrian period, . The evolution of a mineralized exoskeleton is seen by some as a possible driving force of the Cambrian explosion of animal life, resulting in a diversification of predatory and defensive tactics. However, some Precambrian (Ediacaran) organisms produced tough outer shells while others, such as Cloudina, had a calcified exoskeleton.
Some Cloudina shells even show evidence of predation, in the form of borings.

Evolution

On the whole, the fossil record only contains mineralised exoskeletons, since these are by far the most durable. Since most lineages with exoskeletons are thought to have started out with a non-mineralised exoskeleton which they later mineralised, this makes it difficult to comment on the very early evolution of each lineage's exoskeleton. It is known, however, that in a very short course of time, just before the Cambrian period, exoskeletons made of various materials – silica, calcium phosphate, calcite, aragonite, and even glued-together mineral flakes – sprang up in a range of different environments. Most lineages adopted the form of calcium carbonate which was stable in the ocean at the time they first mineralised, and did not change from this mineral morph - even when it became the less favorable.

Some Precambrian (Ediacaran) organisms produced tough but non-mineralized outer shells, while others, such as Cloudina, had a calcified exoskeleton, but mineralized skeletons did not become common until the beginning of the Cambrian period, with the rise of the "small shelly fauna". Just after the base of the Cambrian, these miniature fossils become diverse and abundant – this abruptness may be an illusion, since the chemical conditions which preserved the small shellies appeared at the same time. Most other shell-forming organisms appear during the Cambrian period, with the Bryozoans being the only calcifying phylum to appear later, in the Ordovician. The sudden appearance of shells has been linked to a change in ocean chemistry which made the calcium compounds of which the shells are constructed stable enough to be precipitated into a shell. However this is unlikely to be a sufficient cause, as the main construction cost of shells is in creating the proteins and polysaccharides required for the shell's composite structure, not in the precipitation of the mineral components. Skeletonization also appeared at almost exactly the same time that animals started burrowing to avoid predation, and one of the earliest exoskeletons was made of glued-together mineral flakes, suggesting that skeletonization was likewise a response to increased pressure from predators.

Ocean chemistry may also control which mineral shells are constructed of. Calcium carbonate has two forms, the stable calcite, and the metastable aragonite, which is stable within a reasonable range of chemical environments but rapidly becomes unstable outside this range. When the oceans contain a relatively high proportion of magnesium compared to calcium, aragonite is more stable, but as the magnesium concentration drops, it becomes less stable, hence harder to incorporate into an exoskeleton, as it will tend to dissolve.

With the exception of the molluscs, whose shells often comprise both forms, most lineages use just one form of the mineral. The form used appears to reflect the seawater chemistry – thus which form was more easily precipitated – at the time that the lineage first evolved a calcified skeleton, and does not change thereafter. However, the relative abundance of calcite- and aragonite-using lineages does not reflect subsequent seawater chemistry – the magnesium/calcium ratio of the oceans appears to have a negligible impact on organisms' success, which is instead controlled mainly by how well they recover from mass extinctions. A recently discovered modern gastropod Chrysomallon squamiferum that lives near deep-sea hydrothermal vents illustrates the influence of both ancient and modern local chemical environments: its shell is made of aragonite, which is found in some of the earliest fossil mollusks; but it also has armor plates on the sides of its foot, and these are mineralized with the iron sulfides pyrite and greigite, which had never previously been found in any metazoan but whose ingredients are emitted in large quantities by the vents.

See also
 Spiracle – small openings in the exoskeleton that allow insects to breathe
 Hydrostatic skeleton
 Endoskeleton
 Powered exoskeleton
 Osteoderm

References

External links

Animal anatomy
Biomechanics
Skeletons

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