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Welcome to JFCY's Legal Wiki which provides information about the legal rights of children and youth in Ontario; this information is also available in Publication format. Please contact us if you have any questions or trouble finding the information that you seek. You should speak to a lawyer for legal advice since laws often change.
Who has a legal right to "special education"?
Students who are identified as "exceptional" have a right to special education. There are five categories of exceptionality: Behaviour, Communication, Intellectual, Physical, and Multiple (more than one exceptionality). Most exceptionalities are considered disabilities under the Ontario Human Rights Code.
How are students identified as exceptional?
Parents can make a written request for an "Identification, Placement and Review Committee" (IPRC) meeting to be held.
Students of any age, who believe they have special needs, should tell the principal who can request an IPRC based on the student's request or on the advice of a teacher; this does not require the parents' consent.
Within 15 days of an IPRC request, the Principal must give parents a copy of the school board's Guide to Special Education explaining the processes and the parent's rights; and a written notice of the approximate date of the IPRC. The principal may also ask the parent for written consent to conduct a health and/or psychological assessment of the student. The principal cannot refuse to refer the student to an IPRC.
What happens at the IPRC meeting?
There will be at least 3 IPRC members at the meeting, including a Principal or a Superintendent. They will listen to all the information provided to them and make a decision in writing. The decision must state the student's strengths and needs, type of exceptionality and classroom placement. The IPRC can also make recommendations for programs and services that they believe the student should receive.
The IPRC must give parents, and students over 16, a copy of the decision. If the parents agree with the decision, the student will be placed in the appropriate type of class. If a parent does not agree but does not appeal the decision, the student will be placed after 30 days. If the parents appeal the decision, then the placement will not change until the appeal is over. Whether there is an appeal or not, the school must always try to accommodate the student's needs in the meantime.
What are the rights of parents and students at an IPRC?
Parents, and students over 16, have a right to attend and give their views and information. Parents may bring a representative to speak for them, an interpreter if needed, a support person (e.g. family member or friend) and someone who can speak about the student's needs, such as a representative from a service agency.
The more information that parents have to share, the better the IPRC will be able to do its job, especially if parents and the school disagree about the needs of the student. Information may include reports from doctors and psycho-educational assessments; and insight on how the student learns best or ways to help the student concentrate or improve behaviour.
Where can an exceptional student be placed?
The IPRC can place an exceptional student in a:
regular class with special education services;
regular class but taken out for part of the day for special services or special education instruction from a special education teacher, an educational assistant or other specialist;
special education class with part of the day in a regular class;
special education class for the whole day; or
special education school.
The IPRC may refer the student to a provincial committee for admission to one of the Provincial Schools for Blind, Deaf or Deaf-Blind students or to one of the Provincial Demonstration Schools for students with severe learning disabilities. These schools do not have to accept a student if they do not have room or think their program is not suitable.
The IPRC cannot place a student in a treatment facility or special care facility (also called Section 23 programs). This kind of educational setting must be requested by the parent.
What if a parent disagrees with an IPRC decision?
If a parent disagrees with the identification and/or the placement, they must file a notice of appeal with the secretary of the school board saying what part of the IPRC decision they disagree with (identification and/or placement) and give reasons for the disagreement. The IPRC can then hold a second meeting; and will confirm the first decision or change the decision. If a parent is still not satisfied with the decision after the second meeting with the IPRC, they can appeal the IPRC decision to the Special Education Appeal Board (SEAB).
If the disagreement is about the programs or services the school board says it will provide, a parent can file a complaint with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO). For information, advice and help on this, contact the Human Rights Legal Support Centre
What happens at the Special Education Appeal Board(SEAB)?
The SEAB is a panel of 3 people who will review the IPRC decision. The school board or SEAB chair must give you written notice at least 10 days before the appeal board meets. Parents, and students over 16, have the right to attend and participate in the meeting.
The process is slightly more formal than the IPRC and will review the information that is provided about the student's needs. If you have new or more complete expert information, you should ask the SEAB to consider it. It is unusual for lawyers to be present at a SEAB meeting.
Parents, students over 16, and the school board will receive a written statement of the SEAB's recommendations and their reasons. Within 30 days of receiving the statement from the SEAB, the school board must decide whether to accept or reject the recommendations. The school board must then send notice of its decision to the parents and students over 16.
What if the parent disagrees with the SEAB's decision?
The SEAB's decision can be appealed by writing to the Ontario Special Education Tribunal (OSET)
What can happen at the Special Education Tribunal (SET)?
The SET has broad powers and its process is fairly formal. The school board usually has a lawyer and parents are allowed to have a lawyer for the appeal (see back for help finding a lawyer). Prior to a hearing, parents are often encouraged to participate in mediation to see if the school board and the family can come to an agreement beforehand; mediation is voluntary and confidential.
After the hearing, the SET may dismiss the appeal or grant the appeal and set aside the identification or placement, or both. If they grant the appeal they may substitute the identification and/or the placement decision. The SET can also recommend appropriate programs and services.
The SET decision must be given to everyone in writing and is final. All parties must follow the decision, including parents, students, principals and school boards. There is no automatic appeal to a court from the SET's decision but in some limited circumstances it may be possible to ask a court for a judicial review. Speak to a lawyer if you do not agree with the decision.
When does an IPRC get reviewed?
IPRC decisions must be reviewed once every school year.
Parents may also request an IPRC review after a student has been in a placement for 3 months. Within 15 days of receiving the request, the Principal must send the parent a written notice of the time and place of the IPRC review.
A Principal can ask for an IPRC review any time but must give the parents notice in writing.
What is an Individual Education Plan (IEP)?
Following an identification, the school must create an Individual Education Plan (IEP) for each exceptional student. The IEP should contain specific learning expectations and the school's outline of educational services to address them. For example, whether they will provide an educational assistant or whether a speech pathologist will work with the student every other week.
The IEP must also explain how the student's progress will be reviewed. For students who are 14 years of age or over (and not solely gifted), it must also include a plan for the student's transition into the world after high school.
Parents, and students over 16, must be consulted about the IEP and must be given a copy of the IEP within 30 days of a student's placement in a special education program.
What kinds of help is the student entitled to?
The school must provide "appropriate" programs and services. "Appropriate" does not mean that they have to be the best programs or services available anywhere but they must be good enough to meet the student's needs. This is sometimes a difficult area to work out with the school board. The SET has made it clear that finding the right placement must include some consideration of the programs and services that will be delivered.
If either the parent or student are not happy, they should speak with the Principal and/or the Special Education teacher, and may want to speak to the Superintendent in charge of special education, to explain why the program is not working.
Parents and students who do not believe the school is providing programs and services that accommodate their disability, may file a complaint with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (see back for contact details).
Can an exceptional student be suspended or expelled?
Some Principals and school boards believe that they must suspend or seek to expel students for specific listed behaviours. This is wrong. If a student's actions are the result of their disability, then the school has a legal obligation to accommodate the disability before considering disciplinary action, for example, using closer supervision to address the behaviour.
If the school has accommodated the student's disability to the point of it causing an undue hardship to the school board, then the student can be disciplined for misconduct. This should happen only when other ways of maintaining order do not work.
If the student's disability has not been accommodated, the parent should appeal the suspension or fight the expulsion (see our other pamphlets on these topics). Parents and students may wish to file a complaint with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario if the appeal upholds the suspension or an expulsion is imposed.
Can an exceptional student be excluded from school?
A Principal may "refuse to admit" a student if the student's presence is "detrimental to the physical or mental well-being of pupils". Parents and students have a right to appeal this. Speak to a lawyer if this happens.
Can an exceptional student be transferred to another school?
Students can sometimes be transferred from one school to another, occasionally this is to provide the student with a "fresh start". If you don't agree with the transfer, you may have a right to appeal. Speak to a lawyer if this happens.
What other rules apply to exceptional students?
The instructional day may be reduced to less than 5 hours if appropriate for the student. This decision can only be made by the school board, not the principal or superintendent.
Class sizes can be limited depending on the exceptionality of the students.
There is no right to transportation for any student under the Education Act. However, if the board does provide transportation, it must also provide appropriate transportation for students with disabilities.
Hey! I'm the actual student! Do I have any rights?
Once you turn 18, you hold all the rights. However, you might find it helpful to ask adults that you trust for support by having them attend meetings and appeals with you.
If you are 16 or older, you have the right to attend your IPRC; give them any information you think is useful; receive a copy of any information that others give the IPRC; and you must be consulted about your IEP. You are assumed capable to give or refuse consent to have health and/or psychological assessments done for the IPRC.
If you are under 16 and the IPRC thinks it is useful to interview you, the committee can only do so with your parent's consent.
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Youth Criminal Justice
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) provides unique rights and procedures for young people between the ages of 12 - 17 who are charged with a criminal offence in Canada.
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Going to school is a legal requirement for young people between the ages of 6 and 17. The Education Act gives parents and children specific rights in the publicly funded school system.
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In Ontario, you can choose where you live when you are 16 years old. The decision to leave is often not easy and can lead to difficulties in getting all your belongings, having enough money to support yourself and attending school.
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The Ontario Human Rights Code protects you from discrimination on many grounds and in many social areas. Specific legal concerns raised by youth identifying in LGBTQI2S communities are about GSAs, Trans and Gender Inclusive Spaces and changing their ID.
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In family law, the rights of children are unique. Become informed about the law on corporal punishment ("spanking"), how a Children's Aid Society may become involved in your life and a description of what happens in the related court proceedings, and your right to be heard when your parents are splitting up.
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Street Youth Legal Services (SYLS) is a program that provides information and services for homeless youth between the ages of 16 - 25. These are some of the common issues that the SYLS lawyer is asked about.
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Erin E. Moulton knows sisterhood–its presence shines in her novels. It's woven throughout her newest release, Keepers of the Labyrinth, with mystery, mythology and a touch of magic. Erin knows magic, too–not just the enchanted kind, but the kind that connects us to one another. It's her deep understanding of what binds us together, and what makes us human, that renders her characters and their stories so irresistable. I'm proud to host on WRITE NOW, and even more honored to be a part of her circle of writing sisters, the inspiring and most fabulous, Erin E. Moulton.
Keepers of the Labyrinth is a mystery adventure set in present day Crete that has an ancient backstory of a secret sisterhood that dates back to the Minoans. At its very root, it is a story of sisters in an ancient secret society, a story of sisters with secrets shared and kept. A story of sisters protecting something universally sought after. Only they know how to keep it safe. It has been their duty since the beginning.
It's my third, or if you're really digging, my fourth book, that showcases strong sister and girlfriend relationships. It's my fourth book and happens to have a primarily female cast of characters. Why? Femininity–and my relationship to it– has never been an easy thing for me to understand. Or perhaps I just have always struggled with what it means to be a girl. When you grow up with three sisters, there is no brother to compare yourself to, so you are just a girl, among girls. Be as you are. We fought, fist over teeth. We hugged and cuddled on the couch like a pack of pups. We literally bathed in the mud and climbed trees and skinned our knees. We jumped off rocks, dug up artifacts, hunted for frogs and salamanders in our front yard. We made up stories and read books and wrote books. We slayed dragons and laid in lagoons. We were girls, but often called tomboys because we were rough and tumble and played in the dirt and forest. Tomboy was like a badge of honor. You're a girl, but you're like a boy. It was seen as a step up.
To this day, I struggle with understanding femininity and my place in it. Am I not being feminine enough? Am I being too feminine? What does it mean to be feminine?
My first sisters were my blood sisters. Amber, oldest, wisest and the one with a smart shadow that threatened to crush me if I attempted to follow her path. My younger sister, Casey, the strong, bull-headed athlete, is small but fierce, and she tackled people more easily than homework. Moie, the youngest and tallest was always loving, lanky and beaming…most of the time. Put on a happy face and everything will be ok, right?
My other sisters came swiftly on the heels of my blood sisters. Kim, pretty like a princess and able to sing like a nightingale, but funny as hell. Then there was Sam, quiet, realistic, unsure of me and my ability to fight dragons on the playground. But somehow, she was patient and accepting of other's oddities even though they didn't make sense to her. Later, Tristan–a mother since she was born, perhaps–sharp, inventive, but could call you out with the language of a sailor and was able to freeze people with a single stare.
Later still, sisters in the theater, hanging from scaff and A-Frames with biceps hooked like c-clamps, and just as sturdy. Theater sisters were always leading-Stage Manager, Master Electrician, Props Master. Master of the scaffolds and galleys in the wee hours of the morning. Theater sisters are nocturnal, you see.
And then even more sisters when I disappeared to writing school. Sisters with pens and paper and heart. Some sisters armed with dancing. Some sisters armed with advice. Some sisters armed with Lysol. Sisters with words and sisters with tears. All different. Grey and gold and serious and silly. Demanding and smart and visionary.
And finally, today, library sisters. Even among women in the same trade, the personalities abound. Serious and conservative, liberal and artistic, hurrying and scurrying. Laid back and plodding. Sisters who break down walls, set up tables. Sisters who love Nascar. Sisters who love crafting. Sisters who love kickboxing, sisters who love quilting. Sisters who love nonfiction. Sisters who love comic books. Sisters who create websites and haul donations. Sisters who deal with a wide variety of needs and neediness, sweet tempers and sour ones. Firm sisters, bold sisters, wild sisters, quiet sisters.
You see, what I understand about femininity is that it is as varied as a box of Crayola crayons. There is simply no black and white. No category that could possibly fit the capacity of the gender. Femininity is unfurled, uncaught, and unrestricted (so is masculinity). The beauty of writing a cast that is so abundantly female is just like living and being around so many women. I have soldiers and artists, engineers and bookish ladies. Ladies that some people mention they keep picturing as boys, but the truth is, they're girls. They're not tomboys. They're not girlie girls. They're just, straight up, girls. This is reality, as I see it. Should the definition change to fit reality, or should reality bend to the definition? I think we're more complex than that.
In the mostly female world of Keepers, I wanted to stretch and see if I could hit more of the glorious personalities along the spectrum that encompasses femininity. And so that, perhaps, I might identify with it a bit more—and perhaps others will, too? I hope I was able to harness what I love about women and put it in the book. And that is simply that they can be sensitive and gentle. But they can also be strong and bold. They can be everything in between.
Min Zeis Aplos. Zeis Tolmira.
Erin E. Moulton graduated with an MFA in Writing for Children from the Vermont College of Fine Arts. She is the author of Flutter: The Story of Four Sisters and One Incredible Journey, Tracing Stars and Chasing the Milky Way, as well as the new YA, Keepers of the Labyrinth. She lives in Southern New Hampshire with her husband, unruly dogs and son. You can visit her online at www.erinemoulton.com or on twitter @erinemoulton.
GIVEAWAY! We're so excited that Erin is offering a copy of her thrilling new book, Keepers of the Labyrinth, plus super cool book swag! Just comment on the post for a chance to win!
🙂 Thanks, Sarah! UNs! UNs! UNs!
Powerful thoughts; powerful writing. Another great reason to read Erin E. Moulton's novels – and Keepers is a real "keeper". Love it!
🙂 You should write reviews, Ma!
So proud of my cousins daughter…so goodhearted and talented…spot on writing….Love her style!
I'm thinking about our sisterhood, stating with my mom, your grandma Erin, as the matriarch of our family now is my inspiration for living life. She lived through the Great Depression, went on to be the only one among her siblings to graduate from high school. She married my dad and when he became ill and unable to work, she went to work while raising a family and intermittently running for hospital visits when dad was hospitalized. Dad died when your mom was ten, so mom was the head of the household and worked full time. She adapted to all the changes in her life, met and married grandpa Pete and enjoyed many years of marriage and happiness until his passing away a few years ago. Again she rallied to gain strength to continue on in this life excepting the challenges of living alone for the first time in her life. She continues to amaze us with her interest in the changes in the world, at age 89 she has tackled email, Skype, texting, and now has a smartphone. I think her daughters, your mom, Aunt Joyce and me all have the strength that Gram has demonstrated throughout her life feminism and sisterhood caring for her mom, and living for family. Amber, Casey Moie and you can thank those genes and life's experience that we all learned by seeing Gram live through so many changes in her life. I think your doing just fine in figuring out your feminism. Doing what needs to be done at any certain moment in life when the unexpected happens reveals your strength.
Thanks for this. :)I'm all teary, now.
Hi Erin. I absolutely loved the book. I think in my younger years I would have been the Protector, or at least imagine myself to be, now I would probably be the Creator.


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As I noted in the first part of this article (see The Department of Justice vs. eBooks I), the settlement proposed by the DOJ raises a lot of issues but doesn't attack the central premise that agency pricing is okay.
I mentioned in part I that publishers could raise the list/wholesale prices of not-yet-published ebooks. But there is another option that could prove to be even more effective: Publishers are not obligated to give ebooksellers a 50% or higher discount as the wholesale price. Publishers could limit the wholesale discount to 30%, which would reflect the current 70-30 split that comes from agency pricing.
And there is nothing preventing publishers from limiting the format that an ebook can be sold in.
The point is, publishers do not have to think of themselves as helpless. I expect publishers will look at the situation as if they are helpless. They aren't, but they need to be creative, something they are not known for. As the current debacle demonstrates, publishers are being led, they are not leading.
Well, the b&m stores rely on pbook sales, not ebook sales. Even Barnes & Noble relies on pbook sales. The only major bookseller of pbooks that doesn't have b&m storefronts is Amazon. If publishers want to help ensure that the b&m stores continue to be competitors to Amazon, the simple way to do so is to not only insist that every bookseller get the same wholesale discount (there is no law that requires volume discounting) but then to supplement the b&m stores with higher co-op payments for displays, which would enable them to have additional funds for discounting to compete pricewise with Amazon.
The law requires that similar parties be treated similarly. So if Amazon wanted co-op money, it would have to open b&m stores. In other words, publishers could help level the playing field without straying from the requirements of the DOJ settlement.
It has been stated on numerous blogs and forums that the key to fighting Amazon is to do away with DRM. Without DRM, people would navigate to the ebookseller with the best pricing and service. I do not think that is true in the absence of devices that can handle different formats. Most Kindle owners will continue to shop at Amazon because Kindles can't handle ePub in the absence of conversion and side loading. Similarly, Nooks can't handle Amazon's proprietary format without conversion and side loading. The question isn't whether converting and side loading are hard to do — they aren't — but whether most ebookers would do so to save a dollar or two. I think not.
What Kindlers and Nookers always cite in defense of buying from Amazon or B&N, respectively, is the ease of buying and then seeing their purchase appear on their device effortlessly. Right now they could buy a lot of the indie books that they buy at Smashwords in the DRM-free format of their choice. But they don't because then they would have to side load the ebooks; they aren't automatically loaded onto their device. Why would habits change?
Ultimately, the real keys to ensuring competition remains are a single, uniform format that is device agnostic (and if DRM must be, then the DRM also be uniform) and agency pricing.
I can hear the uproar as I write about agency pricing, but consider that many of the electronic items we buy are either agency priced or have the same effect through resale price maintenance agreements. Every ad I see for an Apple iPad gives the same price. Every ad I see for a Kindle Touch lists the same price. Yet no one complains that there is no price competition for these items (where is the DOJ's proconsumer department in these cases?); the complaints are all directed at ebooks.
Of course, the answer is that Kindles don't compete with Kindles, they compete with Nooks and each vendor independently decided to set the prices. But it is the blind person who fails to see that there is really no difference in effect for the consumer and the purpose of the antitrust laws, ultimately, is to protect competition for the benefit of consumers. Whereas the DOJ recognizes that the Kindle and the Nook are not the same, it insists that the Stephen King and the Dean Koontz novels are the same, at least in book form.
And if the DOJ were really focusing on the effect on the consumer, it would take a look at the various formats and DRM schemes that lock most consumers into a particular eco system. How much more anticompetitive can one be than to capture an audience and make it difficult for them to stray elsewhere?
Here is another question: Where are the authors in this dogfight? The Author's Guild has come out against the DOJ settlement, but where are the indie authors? Based on comments I read elsewhere, most indie authors are pleased by the settlement because it will make Amazon even stronger and the majority of their sales are at Amazon.
In the short-term view, the stronger Amazon is, the better it is for the indie author. But is that true for the long-term? I can only speculate, but based on Amazon's attempting to squeeze publishers for more money, I think it is fair to expect that eventually it will turn to squeezing indie authors. The more dependant an indie author is on Amazon, the less the indie author can refuse whatever terms Amazon wishes to impose. And it must be remembered that Amazon owes its obligations to itself and its shareholders, not to its suppliers. Amazon is the Walmart of ebooks.
There is also one other potential negative effect to the settlement. If Amazon succeeds in establishing the $9.99 price point, indie authors who have not yet found a large audience for their books will be squeezed into even lower pricing than currently. More of their ebooks will be priced at 99¢ and free because the reading public will not see them as being worth more when one can by the well-established and well-known author for $9.99 or less.
How this will all turn out is of great interest to me. I am pleased that Macmillan and Penguin have the moxie to fight the DOJ settlement, as I do not think the settlement is in anyone's best interest over the long-term. It may be of benefit over the short-term, but somewhere along the continuum, in the not-so-distant future, publishers, authors, and consumers will face a different reality.
As most of you already know, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has filed a lawsuit against Apple and 5 of the Big 6 publishers alleging collusion in the establishment of agency pricy pricing (see "Justice Dept. Sues Apple and Publishers Over E-Book Pricing; 3 Publishers Settle"). In several of the forums I participate in, ebookers are celebrating the expected lower ebook prices.
Yet, there are several things worth thinking about and noting. First, Random House, one of the Big 6 publishers, and Smashwords, the leading indie author distributor, both of which have agency pricing, are not named defendants in the DOJ lawsuit. That signals to me that the problem is not with agency pricing, but with the collusion aspects.
Second, the 3 publishers that settled with the DOJ, which settlement, it is worth noting, is not effective until approved by a court, are restricted from instituting agency pricing for 2 years, after which they can reassert agency pricing as long as they don't agree over dinner to do so. This, too, indicates to me that agency pricing is not contrary to the law or necessarily thought to be anticonsumer by the DOJ.
The third notable matter is that the publisher with the greatest moxie, the one that first stood up to Amazon, Macmillan, is not settling with the DOJ and intends to fight, as do Penguin and Apple. That means that the DOJ case is not so strong that it cannot fail once tested. And should it fail, so will the settlement agreements with the 3 settlers fail. It appears that in Macmillan's case, CEO John Sargent is alleged to have attended only 1 meeting with his fellow CEOs, which means that the DOJ will have to demonstrate that it was at that meeting that the collusion occurred, not an easy task unless the settlers will testify that that is when the collusion came to fruition and that Sargent was present when the decision was made. Hachette, one of the settlers, claims there was no collusion, so it makes me wonder how the DOJ will sustain its burden of proof. Allegations are one thing, proof is another. Simply that there was an opportunity to collude doesn't prove there was collusion.
There are other problems with the lawsuit. It has been too many years since I last practiced antitrust law (last time was nearly 30 years ago), so I'm not current on the state of the law and I admit that I'm not sure exactly what the DOJ must prove to prevail, but it is clear to me that the Republican-dominated U.S. Supreme Court doesn't look favorably on these lawsuits. It was a Republican court that upheld resale price maintenance agreements, which has the same effect — setting a floor price below which goods cannot be sold — as the agency pricing system.
An interesting legal question, which may or may not be relevant to the DOJ lawsuit, is this: What constitutes the market? If all ebooks constitute the market, then ebooks are interchangeable commodities, an idea that is resisted by publishers and authors and even by many consumers. If the market is an individual title because you cannot substitute Dean Koontz for Stephen King, then wouldn't the DOJ have to prove collusion among publishers to set the price for Stephen King, not collusion to set the mechanism for pricing of all ebooks? Of course, there are numerous variables to the market scenario, but they make for a fascinating legal chess game.
A more important question is this: Several of the Big 6 have — so far — refused to sign renewal contracts with Amazon because of demands made by Amazon. In the absence of agency pricing, will some or all of the Big 6 refuse to renew agreements with Amazon? Would such a refusal affect both pbooks and ebooks or just ebooks? If they do not renew the agreement, what can Amazon do about it?
The settlement agreement says that publishers cannot prevent a retailer from discounting the publishers ebooks except that it can require the retailer to make a profit across the publisher's line. I find that an interesting proviso. Consider how secretive Amazon has been about how many ebooks it really has been selling. Amazon has only been forthcoming with broad numbers and in a few cases announcing that an author has joined the millions club. Will Amazon, who is not a party to the proceedings, voluntarily share sales information? I doubt it.
Yet the sharing of that information is necessary to make the exception meaningful. If the wholesale price, that is, the price the ebooksellers have to pay the publisher, of the new James Patterson ebook novel is $13 and Amazon sells it for $10 and sells 1 million ebook copies for a $3 million loss, somehow Amazon must sell enough other books in that publisher's line to overcome the loss. How is that going to work?
Will Amazon offer the first 10,000 units of Patterson's ebook for $10, the next 10,000 units for $16, the next 10,000 units for $13, and so on? Customers will be thrilled. Especially if they can buy the same ebook someplace else for $13 when Amazon wants $16.
Another problem with the settlement is that it does not — and cannot — establish a wholesale price for not-yet-published books. The DOJ could say that current agency-priced ebo0ks' wholesale price is 70% of the current agency price, because that is what the publisher has been willing to accept. But what about future ebooks? The DOJ is not in a position to dictate individual pricing, so there is no reason why publishers cannot raise list prices to $30 and set wholesale prices at $15. The settlement speaks to discounting, not to setting of wholesale price.
There is more to say, but it needs to be said in another installment of this article, so this will be continued in my next post.
eBooks: Has Amazon Turned eBooks into Commodities?
For a long time, publishers and readers have argued that each book is unique and thus one cannot substitute, say, a book by Dean Koontz for one by Stephen King. For years I accepted that — until ebooks and agency pricing and Amazon exclusivity. Now, in the case of fiction at least, I think the tides have turned and ebooks demonstrate books and authors are substitutable, that is, (fiction) books are commodities.
Until inflated agency pricing of bestsellers and Amazon's concerted effort to dominate the ebook market, I would not have considered substituting one author for another author — at least not consciously. Yet the more I think about book buying and reading habits, the more convinced I am that between the criteria genre and author, it is genre that dominates.
Before the advent of ebooks on a wide scale, most readers bought (or borrowed) physical books to read. Physical books, except in the secondary market, were (and are) highly priced. A popular hardcover today, averages $25 and climbing. As a consequence, a reader carefully chose the book to buy and placed the emphasis on author and genre. For $25, the reader wants Tom Clancy, not Jack Unknown.
Amazon began to whittle away at that reader preference with its heavy discounts. Selling bestsellers at $9.99 rather than $25 meant that a reader who had already read Clancy's latest novel could look for something else within the genre and take a chance on Jack Unknown. The investment was not overwhelming.
Today, Amazon has gone further with ebooks. Tom Clancy's newest release may cost $14.99 in ebook form (and less in hardcover), but readers are increasingly finding ebooks at $2.99 and less in the same genre by unknown authors worth a try as they wait for the Tom Clancy novel to come down in price — or simply move beyond Clancy altogether.
Amazon, by aggressively courting the indie author and by aggressively pricing indie titles, has expanded what readers will search to find a good book to read. And Amazon has gone the further step with its Prime Lending program and Kindle Direct Publishing programs. Amazon has given its stamp of approval to indie books and authors. Although I think Amazon is not a bookseller to patronize because of its desire to monopolize the integrated book market, it deserves a great deal of credit for changing books into commodities.
I know that many of you will clamor to say that I am wrong, but I ask you to consider this: Once you have bought and read the latest release from your favorite author, do you stop buying and reading books until that author's next release in 2 or 3 years or do you continue to buy and read books within that genre? And if you do continue to buy and read books, do you continue to be entertained by them or are you only entertained by books written by your favorite author? Finally, do you rush out to buy your favorite author's newest release or do you wait for a less expensive edition to appear?
If you answer yes to the latter parts of each question (at least the first two questions), then books are commodities and substitutable. And this is the revolution that Amazon has wrought aided by the Agency 6 — the change in how readers view books, especially ebooks. What the Agency 6 claimed they wanted to prevent by instituting agency pricing, they have instead brought about by encouraging, through their actions, Amazon to legitimize the indie marketplace.
Prior to this legitimization, indie books and vanity books were synonymous. That is no longer true. Amazon has made it possible for known and respected authors to go indie and not be negatively viewed by readers. What vanity presses sought for decades, the Agency 6 gave them in months.
The commoditization of books is both good and bad. It is good because a wider range of authors are discovered. The Shayne Parkinsons, Vicki Tyleys, L.J. Sellers, and Richard Tuttles of the indie world — authors who write very well and excellent stories but who were unable (or unwilling) to break into the traditional publishing world — now have a chance to be discovered and claim the large and broad readership their writings deserve. I admit that prior to the commoditization of books, I would not have tried any of these authors. But once indie books were legitimized and books commoditized, I began to explore the indie world and found numerous gems, with some authors and books being better than what I could find in the traditional book world.
Commoditization is, however, also bad — bad for publishing, for authors, and readers — because in coming years the writers who currently make grand incomes from writing — the Stephen Kings and Tom Clancys of publishing — may well find themselves unable to attract an audience for their higher priced efforts. Granted that this is just the marketplace at work, but the pendulum can swing too far in either direction. As the market settles on a low price ceiling, that ceiling will become crowded and with the ease of entry into ebook publishing, it will become increasingly difficult to find the King and Clancy of the 2020s.
A balance is needed, but I have no idea how to bring it about or what that balance should be. Amazon deserves praise and scorn for commoditizing books, but more praise than scorn. In this, Amazon has done well.
I have been following the story regarding Amazon's foray into publishing. It reminded me of an old (early 1960s) hit by Gerry and the Pacemakers called How Do You Do It? So let's set the question with Gerry and the Pacemakers.
As the song asks and says, "If I only knew, I'd do it to you." And that is the crux of the matter in the latest nose thumbing by Amazon.
If publishers cannot figure out what is happening, cannot see the upheaval that is coming, then perhaps they should fold their tents and slither away in the night.
The truth is that the publishers do have an ultimate weapon, a "nuclear bomb" so to speak, at their disposal if they are willing to stand up and use it now, before it is too late.
It is clear that the future lies in ebooks. eBook sales are growing, paperback sales are declining, and hardcover sales seem to be remaining steady. Although I think publishers should begin to pull the rug out from under paperbacks, perhaps it is too soon. But the one thing that it isn't too soon for is to put an end to the ebook format war.
By format war, I mean both the underlying format and the DRM wrapper. It is time for publishers to go the route of DVD producers and enact a single standard that all ebooks adhere to and that all retailers must abide by. Doing that now is the only way to tame the Amazon tiger.
In no other field has a retailer been able to set its own standard. If you notice, the DVDs that Amazon sells, just like the TVs it sells, adhere to the same format and copy protection scheme as those sold by Best Buy, Barnes & Noble, Walmart, and any retailer you can name — but not ebooks. In ebooks, we have two different formats — ePub for everyone except Amazon; mobi or a derivative for Amazon — and multiple copy protection schemes — a base Adobe DRM for everyone except Amazon; a proprietary scheme for Amazon.
Now that Amazon has decided to challenge publishers at their own game and has begun signing authors to Amazon exclusives, the publishers need to strike back while they can. For now, as Amazon's dispute with Macmillan over agency demonstrated, Amazon needs the publishers more than the publishers need Amazon. Yes, Amazon has the largest market share, but that can be changed. Publishers need only to find some backbone.
Once Amazon starts signing frontlist authors to exclusive contracts, publishers will be in trouble. The way to head that off is to make it mandatory that every bookseller sell ebooks only in ePub and only with a standard DRM scheme. Doesn't matter what the DRM wrapper is as long as everyone uses it, just like it doesn't matter what the copy protection scheme is for DVDs because everyone is using it.
Amazon is at its most vulnerable now. That status vulnerability will change, eventually disappearing, as Amazon expands its publishing base. Amazon will become a vertically integrated company that handles ebooks from beginning to end. When that occurs, there will be no need for the traditional publisher and other bookstores will be at Amazon's mercy.
Yet it is now that publishers can act to preserve themselves and bookstores by simply leveling the playing field. Just as publishers were able to force feed Amazon the agency system, they can modify that agency system to require that ebooks be sold in ePub with a publisher-approved DRM wrapper. Amazon needs content to survive and it is in the process of developing its own content. Because it is just starting the process, now is the time to strike.
Following this path has one other benefit. It will allow the publishers to create the ebook version themselves and be sure that errors aren't introduced in Amazon's conversion process (or if there are errors, that they appear universally in all ebookseller versions). Of course, this would mean that publishers would need to proofread and edit, but there is always hope that they might do so. This would just be an incentive to do so.
Alas, I expect publishers to wring their hands, palpably worry about their future, and do nothing. Their past practice indicates that they always do too little too late, and there is no reason to expect otherwise now, even though they can see their future demise if they open their eyes.
Is This the Next Sneak Attack on eBookers?
Here's something I'm sure every major publisher is thinking about: How can I get consumers to buy both the pbook and ebook versions of a book? Well, maybe they aren't really sitting around the table thinking about that, but with my latest pbook purchase, I'm wondering if they are thinking about it.
I have enjoyed the "Safehold Series" of books by David Weber. Because Weber is one of my favorite authors, I buy his books in hardcover so I can read them and add them to my permanent library. A week ago, the fifth book in the series, How Firm a Foundation, was released. I had preordered it in hardcover and eagerly awaited its arrival.
It arrived and I put down my Sony 950 Reader to take up Weber's book. That lasted a whole five minutes and two pages. The publisher chose a font size that was so small I could barely read the text. For my eyes to read the text, I needed a magnifying lens. This is the first time this has happened; I don't know whether my eyes suddenly got worse (not likely based on the lack of problem I have with any other pbook I own) or the font size was deliberately smaller than usual in an attempt to keep production costs down.
Now I was in a quandary. Do I struggle to read the book? Do I put the book aside and simply not bother to read it? Do I break down and buy the ebook version, thereby doubling my cost because the book is published by TOR, an Agency 6 imprint? I struggled with these choices for about 30 minutes and ultimately settled on the third choice. The ebook cost $1 less than the hardcover, which was significantly discounted, so I effectively doubled what I paid to read this book.
This experience started me thinking: Will this be the next ploy of publishers? Will the Agency 6 decide that a small font size that is difficult for a good portion of readers is the best way to force readers to buy an overpriced ebook?
Experience demonstrates that publishers are investing fewer dollars in quality control, and fewer dollars in otherwise standard production services like editing. Experience also shows that overpriced ebooks from the Agency 6 are likely more profitable for them, which means a push to agency-priced ebooks.
In olden days, I would not have even thought to view what happened through the lens of conspiracy. But the Agency 6 have so badly botched their public relations regarding ebooks and ebook pricing that the conspiracy lens jumps right out at me. The Agency 6 publishers have met their Waterloo — consumer mistrust that paints everything the Agency 6 does with the brush of distrust.
It seems to me that for publishers to maximize return, they need to help move readers to ebooks and away from any form of pbook. I know I've written this before (see, e.g., The Business of Books & Publishing: Changing the Pattern), but if I were a publisher today, seeing that the trend is rapid growth in ebooks and no to flat growth in pbooks, I would be working on plans to drop mass market paperbacks and publish only trade paperbacks, hardcovers, and ebooks. Phase 2 of my planning would be to eliminate trade paperbacks and just publish hardcovers and ebooks. Perhaps a decade or two down the road, I would look at publishing hardcovers in limited edition runs for collectors and those pbook diehards.
So, moving back to David Weber's new book and the font size, I guess it is possible that this was unintentional (i.e., using a small font in hopes of selling the ebook version) but now that it has occurred, I wonder if someone at TOR is following sales closely enough to draw a conclusion whether future TOR books should also use this hard-to-read font size.
I'm continually amazed at how the Agency 6 stumble around the periphery of a plan for ebooks but never quite have the moxie to do something constructive for them and for their readers. Recently, I wondered if they were going to draw the right lesson from the Harris Interactive Survey (see The Survey Gives a Lesson?). It is not that I'm cheerleading for the Agency 6 — frankly, I think their pricing scheme is a major consumer ripoff that has no merit — but there are certain things that I would like to see the Agency 6 accomplish because I think it would be good for me as a consumer and for ebooks. The question is how to lead them by their collective nose to those things that would benefit everyone.


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text:
Beacon House > BEACON HOUSE
Welcome to Beacon House
"Beacon House" has always been a home away from home for families and patients receiving critical care at UP Health System – Marquette and the Upper Peninsula Medical Center. Our 33-room hospitality house was just a block away from the hospital but when it was announced that a new hospital would be built on the other side of town, it was essential for Beacon House to move too. The "old" Beacon House was just recently sold to reduce our debt and begin building for the future.
We have launched a capital fundraising campaign to build the new "Steve Mariucci Family Beacon House" next to the new hospital on Seventh Street in Marquette. We have raised over $2 million and will break the ground and open the new facility when the pledges reach $3 million for "Phase 1" of the new hospitality house. We have an exciting opportunity to build a more efficient house, while still providing our guests all the warmth and comforts they need during difficult medical emergencies when they're far from home.
With the old hospital slated to close and move, we are no longer able to operate our 21-bed Hospitality Rooms in the hospital.
We will continue to assist as many families as we can during this interim period through our Beacon House "Operation Overnight" program. We have collaborated with Travel Marquette to create all available no-cost and low-cost lodging at area hotels and motels, as well as Airbnb's and apartments.
Patients and families needing assistance can call our new "Operation Overnight" office at the Upper Peninsula Medical Center at 906-225-7100.
Our office hours are Monday through Friday, 9 am to 5 pm.
We are in Suite 110 off the Fair Avenue entrance of the Peninsula Medical Center, and will help in any way we can until the new "Steve Mariucci Family Beacon House" opens.
About Beacon House
Beacon House is an independent 501(c)(3) organization that provides lodging and other supportive services in a home-like environment for patients and their caregivers traveling to Marquette County for medical treatment. More than 263,000 patients and their families have been served with caring, compassion, and comfort since 2002.
Our fiscal sustainability is solely reliant on the generosity of on businesses, foundations, individual donations by guests and those who understand that the need for Beacon House may only be a heart beat away.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Software > Operating Systems > Windows > Windows 95
Windows 95 was a version of Microsoft Windows released in 1995 with a massive publicity campaign unprecedented for operating-system releases (previously only generally of interest within the geek community). The Rolling Stones song "Start Me Up" was licensed (reportedly for millions of dollars) to use as a theme for the promotional campaigns, leading some wags to note how other lyrics in that song (not used in the campaign) said "You make a grown man cry," which described some people's experience with the system.
Windows 95 was the first Microsoft operating system to boot directly into a graphical environment; earlier Windows versions (up to 3.x) were add-ons to the command-line-based MS-DOS system, where you had to boot DOS first and then start up Windows (though this could be automated through the use of batch files). In old Windows versions you could also exit Windows and return to DOS, while starting with Windows 95 there was no "exit" feature; you stayed in the Windows environment from start-up to shut-down, though a "shell window" using DOS command lines could still be opened. However, "under the hood" Windows 95 was still built on top of DOS (a new version of it embedded in the system), though this was hidden from the user; it wasn't until the later Windows NT architecture that Windows was a truly self-contained operating system.
On the user interface front, Windows 95 introduced many things from the Start button to the taskbar that have been common in later systems. It also had built-in support for that newfangled thing called the "Internet", though initially Microsoft attempted to get people to use this via Microsoft's proprietary MSN network (their less-successful answer to AOL).
Microsoft Windows 95 Video Guide (featuring Jennifer Aniston and Matthew Perry)
Retrieved from "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Windows_95&oldid=27462"


This hilarious cult classic features a host of unforgettable characters, including Kip, Pedro, Uncle Rico and Napoleon himself, the unlikely hero with a red 'fro and sweet dance moves.
© 2004 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation and Paramount Pictures Corporation. All rights reserved.
Critics Consensus: A charming, quirky, and often funny comedy.
As slight as the picture is, though, its hero is an indelible creation.
Parents need to know that Napoleon Dynamite is a quirky 2004 indie coming-of-age comedy. While it ultimately celebrates nerds and misfits, some may feel it fuels mockery and ridicule; others will simply find it funny. While the film is comical and satirical in its presentation, the authority figures of the high school, as well as one of the popular girls, reveal ignorance and prejudice toward a Mexican teen who is new to the school. When the teen, Pedro, runs for class president against the popular girl, there's a scene in which characters hit a pińata made to look like the popular girl. The comic action includes slapstick pratfalls (bike injuries to the groin, for instance) and exaggerated bullying by school tough guys. The language is never obscene; characters rely instead on insults ("idiot," "sicko," "retarded") and disguised swearing ("frickin'," "flippin'," "crap"). And there is mild sexual innuendo, along with some kissing and embracing. Napoleon's uncle tries to sell breast enhancement supplements door-to-door, so there's talk of breasts, breast size. There's a scene in which a school bus full of kids stops in front of a field where a farmer is on the verge of shooting a cow in the head with a rifle at point-blank range; the violence is not shown, but strongly implied by the reactions of the kids. Napoleon Dynamite became a box office bonanza and a cultural phenomenon, and spawned an animated series.


Arsenal fans apparently had a number of Arsene Wenger out banners confiscated from them before their clash with Galatasaray.
Gunners boss Wenger has come under increasing pressure in the last few weeks, including after the weekend defeat to Stoke City.
And it appears that some Arsenal fans tried to make their annoyance at the Frenchman known by taking banners to their away trip against Galatasaray.
But a number of fans on Twitter reported that these were removed by the Turkish club and confiscated.
Just seen a bloke on my TL who's in Istanbul for the Arsenal game and has had his Wenger Out banner confiscated. Likened it to North Korea.


In which we look at Zoë Keating's ongoing kerfuffle with YouTube. Is YouTube strong-arming indie artists? Should megacorporations force all their clients—customer and producer—to fit in a one-size-fits-all setup, or should they take the long view and do what is best not only for the bottom line but also for the relationship between artist and audience. Oh, and what about those monopolies and monopsonies? They might have some extra ethical responsibility, too!
"Let It Burn" by Magic Giant. Used by permission.
"Winning Slowly Theme" by Chris Krycho, who has been practicing piano so that he'll eventually be able to sit down at some glorious Bösendorfer or Steinway and dazzle you with a real version of this.


NEW YORK (AP) - Cecil Taylor, the visionary pianist who revolutionized jazz by launching the free-jazz movement in the late '50s, died Thursday at his home in Brooklyn. He was 89.
Taylor's legal guardian, Adam C. Wilner, confirmed the death to The Associated Press by phone Friday. No more details were provided.
Taylor, born in New York on March 25, 1929, was known as one of the pioneers of the free jazz movement, and was seen as both a grounding breaking and uncompromising artist.
Taylor released his first album, "Jazz Advance," in 1956. He was also known as a poet and would recite his poems at live shows.
"Cecil had a magical touch on the keys and was a genius at the arts. He lives on through his uncanny ability to express his music and poetry in various forms of beauty, pain, injustice and peace," Wilner said in a statement to the AP. "He will always be remembered in the history of Jazz for his free-form improvisational notes. He will be missed by his family, friends and fellow musicians."
Taylor returned to the stage in 2016 in New York City after years away, using a cane and holding his assistant's arm. He received a standing ovation.


Ok I think I can do this so I finally got a pircture of me when I was about 9 with my puppy dog. The one I was telling everyone about so here it is at the bottom with my puppy and my cousins puppy off to the right corner.
Thanks she was adorable. I still thought she was cute when she got old. Everybody thought she was a boy dog it was pretty funny she had that deep bark that every fears but in reality she is a big sissy.


Welcome to Shiksha New York. Founded with the vision of endowing our children with education in the customs, practices and traditions of Hinduism, the Shiksha New York aims to nourish them with the wealth of India's Arts and Cultural heritage and instill in them a lifelong commitment to Hindu spiritual values; the values we cherish as parents and wish to pass on to our children.
At the Shiksha New York, children choose from a variety of extracurricular topics and learn the subjects of their interest from qualified teachers, thus enriching their spiritual and cultural development through traditional classes in Hinduism, Dance, Language and Music.
Children learn in the devotional environment of Radha Govind Dham where we provide a fun-filled learning experience. Held every week, Shiksha New York's classes provide a consistent, year-long extracurricular enrichment for children.
I invite you to review the descriptions of classes and guidelines presented in this handbook and use this invaluable opportunity to invest in the extracurricular education of your children by enrolling them at Shiksha New York. I also encourage you to be part of the Shiksha New York – a non-profit organazation – by being its teacher, volunteer or donor. Thank you for your interest in the Radha Govind Dham Shiksha.


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text:
Economics 101 & Theology 101
Recommended Faith & Work Reading Plans for 2018
Kristin Brown
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At the end of 2017, many of us felt exhausted. Grateful for God's care and faithfulness throughout the year, but perhaps running on fumes by year's end. Was that you?
This week is a great time to step back and assess what kind of margin we have in our lives to allow God to guide, lead, correct, heal, and shepherd our souls.
After years of treating people in his office who became sick from living without margin, Dr. Richard Swenson issues a clarion call to slow down:
We must have some room to breathe. We need freedom to think and permission to heal. Our relationships are being starved to death by velocity. No one has the time to listen, let alone love. Our children lay wounded on the ground, run over by our high-speed good intentions. Is God now pro-exhaustion? Doesn't He lead people beside the still waters anymore? Who plundered those wide-open spaces of the past, and how can we get them back? There are no fallow lands for our emotions to lie down and rest in.
But we need more than just slowing down or a vacation. Much of our exhaustion comes from a misunderstanding of the purpose of work. If it's just a means to an end, then it's easy to become drained by work.
Sure, work can be tiring, but when you know that God is intimately involved in your work to bring flourishing to his creation, then it should change your approach to work.
You can wake up knowing that no matter how seemingly insignificant your work seems in the world's eyes, it is eternally significant.
You can pray about every detail because God cares about it and it ultimately isn't about your identity, it's about bringing glory to God.
You don't have to drive yourself to exhaustion. God is in charge.
You can release failures and disappointments to God because his plan is bigger and grander than our imagination.
Because we know many of our readers are busy people who probably need more margin in their lives, IFWE has created a number of shorter reading options to help connect you to this greater purpose of work, and we pray, create more margin and less burnout.
The Bible App (YouVersion)
How about a short 5-7 day reading plan on your phone to kick-off your year? Check out the IFWE Bible reading plans on the Bible app (YouVersion): What Is My Mission?, The Biblical Meaning of Success, How Do I Find My Calling?, Is Your Gospel Big Enough?, Finding Fulfillment in Work, and Wholehearted: Living Life by the Greatest Commandment. To date, more than 300,000 people have completed these reading plans! Perhaps you're one of those people who first found out about IFWE through the Bible app. If so, we're glad you're here!
If you need a recommendation, I would start with the reading plan, What Is My Mission?, a series that addresses the gut-wrenching, life-questions we've all struggled with: "Isn't there more to life?" and "What am I here to do?"
In this seven-day reading plan, your mission at work—and all of life—becomes clear as you discover your role in God's incredible story. In particular, it takes a closer look at God's command to Adam and Eve in Genesis 1, the cultural mandate, and how to apply it to your life. Each day there is a scripture reading, a brief devotional, and links to additional reading if you want to go deeper.
I would especially encourage you to check out this plan if you are new to IFWE. It is a quick way to get up to speed on what we consider "faith and work 101." It's the foundation for some of the other topics we tackle here on the blog that involve the integration of faith, work, and economics (e.g., income inequality, poverty alleviation, economic freedom, or the best path to biblical flourishing).
IFWE Booklets
We have also created a series of booklets that contain the nuts and bolts of faith, work, and economics. These are similar to many of the topics addressed in the Bible app reading plans but will provide a little more depth. Each is available in both a digital and paperback format and can be found in the IFWE bookstore.
IFWE Learning Collections
One more way to do a shorter tour of our content is to explore the Learning Collections on the IFWE website. These are groupings of blogs, videos, webcasts, and other resources that we've assembled to take you through various topics such as calling, stewardship, poverty, and wealth. All the resources are free and accessible online.
Hopefully, this gives you a start. Again, we understand that you are busy and that's why our aim is to come alongside you with resources to help reorient your perspective on work. We want to revive you this year as you understand the "why" behind your work.
As you see God's purpose for your work, may it lead to a new sense of margin in your life that comes from letting go of striving that leaves you empty and exhausted. And instead, may it lead to a year of work that is full of hope, creativity, and love for others.
Kristin Brown is the communications director at Cherrydale Baptist Church and previously served as vice president of communications for the Institute for Faith, Work & Economics (IFWE). She continues to do consulting work with IFWE on key projects. Kristin received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Princeton University and is pursuing a Master of Arts in Religion from Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary.
© 2021 Institute for Faith, Work & Economics. All rights reserved. Printed from http://tifwe.org/how-to-be-productive-in-2014/. For reprint permissions, contact info@tifwe.org.
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Further readings on Economics 101 & Theology 101
Encouraging Human Dignity, Creativity & Flourishing
By: Rev. Robert A. Sirico
Why not socialism? A right use of freedom has tended to encourage human dignity, creativity and flourishing. But why should…
Poverty, Not Income Inequality, Is Our Modern Problem
By: Dr. Anne Bradley
Some say income inequality is the defining issue of our time. One of the most famous tweets ever came from…
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Most parents believe lack of technology in schools will lead to digital skills gap.
Over half (57%) of parents in the UK believe that schools do not invest enough in technology.
A survey of over 500 parents of primary and secondary school children also found that two-thirds (67%) believe lack of investment will result in a digital skills gap in the future.
According to the parents surveyed, 56% believe that investment in IT infrastructure should be the number one priority in schools, followed by ensuring digital skills are embedded in the curriculum (45%) and investment in teacher training (40%).
Despite 97% of parents believing it's important for technology in the classroom to keep pace with the latest technological developments, 72% believe that technology at home is better than at school.
Graham Long, Vice President of Enterprise Business Team, Samsung UK & Ireland, said: "Studies prove that technology helps children learn more effectively and is a fantastic way to create a more collaborative education experience.
"Schools are quickly moving away from teaching being a one size fits all approach, as different pupils learn in different ways, and technology is the key to helping teachers address this challenge."


Around the years 2001 to 2004, more text capable cellular telephones became available to the general public. When these types of cellular telephones became available, the text messaging phenomenon began. More and more people decided that text based communication was the most efficient way to communicate. Due to this phenomenon, educators are becoming more aware of the effects of text based communication on the developmental learning of literacy. Text messaging is dumbing down literacy for future generations. The newer generations have not had the privilege of experiencing a society that is not wrapped up in text based communication, such as instant messaging, chatting, and text messaging.
Determining the effects of text messaging when it comes to college students and their ability to spell, has resulted in a positive nature. Shaw, Carlson, and Waxman (2007), performed a study on eighty-six college students, whom were recruited from a large Midwestern university (p. 58). The authors conducted this research with the intent to prove that the abbreviations and misspellings in text messaging, has begun to lower many college students spelling abilities. Their study resulted in a completely different aspect than was expected, the information gathered did not support the authors hypothesis. Their hypothesis being that, "...spelling ability deteriorates with the frequent use of and exposure to the abbreviated and misspelled words and phrases of text messaging..." (Shaw, Carlson, and Waxman, 2007, p. 60). Although studies show differently, many instructors have complained that students are using misspellings and abbreviations that they normally would use in text messaging, in their academic writings too.
Rankin, S. L. (2010). The impact of text messaging language shortcuts on developmental students' formal writing skills. (Order No. 3427225, Walden University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 90. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/807418333?accountid=458. (807418333).


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au.gov.amsa.ais.rx.Mmsi

Packages that use Mmsi

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au.gov.amsa.ais.rx

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Uses of Mmsi in au.gov.amsa.ais.rx

Methods in au.gov.amsa.ais.rx that return Mmsi

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

Mmsi
CraftProperties.getMmsi()

Mmsi
CraftProperty.getMmsi()

Constructors in au.gov.amsa.ais.rx with parameters of type Mmsi

Constructor and Description

CraftProperties(Mmsi mmsi)

CraftProperties(Mmsi mmsi,
               Map<CraftPropertyName,TreeMap<Long,String>> map)

CraftProperty(Mmsi mmsi,
             CraftPropertyName name,
             String value,
             long time)

Uses of Mmsi in au.gov.amsa.ais.rx.operators

Method parameters in au.gov.amsa.ais.rx.operators with type arguments of type Mmsi

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rx.Subscriber<? super CraftProperty>
OperatorCraftPropertAggregator.call(rx.Subscriber<? super Map<Mmsi,CraftProperties>> child)

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Data Entry Jobs Resume Examples – data entry jobs resume examples, . There are many availabilities hanging around for the ideal applicants, and several prospective staff looking for availabilities pertinent to them. Hiring will be the wonderful method that delivers these stakeholders together. When you find yourself obtaining a task, you must understand that your resume can get interest for only one minute of two. How finest can you win over the prospective employer within this strict timeframe? This could be accomplished having a really neatly published to the point, get precise cover letter along with a skilled resume detailing your previous laurels. Read more to discover the techniques to okay-tune your user profile utilizing the sample resumes.
Data Entry Jobs Resume Examples : One can learn from activities of other individuals, be it achievements or breakdowns. To create an excellent information, it is wise to analyze as many examples and layouts as you possibly can to boost the degree of your respective understanding of resume producing. What else could you gain knowledge from these trial samples?
You can expect to understand the a variety of parts that complete a information.
Arranging every one of these components from the appropriate sequence, for an fascinated company want to see. As an example, skilled achievements must be on top adopted together with the specifics of the whole skilled experience.
One can learn in regards to the grammar which should be used while framework the sentences. Maintaining the entire profile regularly – prior tighten is advisable.
You can even know which abbreviations to work with and others to be averted. Also, you will understand to avoid undesirable vocabulary and cliches.
How wise to show your accomplishments to offer the optimum effect on your reader.
Recognize the standard problems and thoroughly prevent them.


Product information Package Dimensions Have one to dell y-uk-del1 keyboard. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Programme terms and conditions — opens in a new dell y-uk-del1 keyboard or tab This amount includes applicable customs duties, taxes, brokerage and other fees. Ask if you have questions. An item that has been used previously. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? For your security, we only despatch orders to the address provided by PayPal. Mouse over to zoom — Click to enlarge.
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I am running Vista Ultimate 32, and was able to get the media keys and mute button to work, but nothing i have tried has enabled the volume knob to work.
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This module will give you the ability to schedule employees to work outside the scope of hosting events. This allows you to manage your employees' work schedules, unavailability, event hosting. The landing page for the Employee Scheduler will show event hostings, employee schedules, and unhosted events.
The schedule view is the main landing page for the employee scheduling. It is also used in the My Schedule tab for each employee as well as the Assign Host page to help you see when employees are available and to optimize your scheduling.
The top of this view is a graphical representation of the schedule. Below you have the report view. You can print out the report view in a single day and 7 day report using the Print Report option in the top left of the main schedule screen.
A reoccurring schedule block defines an employees schedule that replicates during a time frame. For example: Bill works from 9:00am - 12:00pm Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 6/11/2011 - 8/11/2011.
You have just created a reoccurring schedule block. You can delete these blocks from clicking on Manage Blocks from the main Employee Scheduler page.
Click Manage Unavailability, choose the employee, then update the unavailable dates.
Single Day Scheduling Instead of creating blocks that are reoccurring, you can create a single employee shift as well.
From the View Schedule or main Employee Scheduler screen you can view and edit a schedule for a single day as well as hosted and unhosted events.
3. Now either delete employee time slots by selecting the corresponding check boxes and clicking Delete Selected Times or select edit next to an employees time slot and edit the details of this slot.
The functionality now exists to assign hosts from the scheduler, eliminating the need to go into each event to schedule hosts.
The assign host page has also received a face lift. Employees that have requested to be unavailable during the event time are greyed out. The schedule for that day will now show on the right and the event time period will be highlighted. This allows you to easily see which employees are scheduled to work during this time or the events they are hosting.


The Betting Ring is located on the ground floor underneath the main building.
The impressive proportions of this space provides an undercover area where the opportunities are endless.
Featuring easy drive up access for vehicle equipment display and seamless bump in and bump out.


text:
Home	BlogDataset	Publishing Open Data to Reduce Vehicle Fatalities
Publishing Open Data to Reduce Vehicle Fatalities
by Michael Steinberg July 6, 2017
The Washington, D.C. Department of Transportation has begun publishing data about vehicle crashes in the city on the government's open data portal on a daily basis. The dataset includes information on where the crash occurred, the number of injuries reported, the severity of injuries, and the mode of travel involved such as cars, taxis, or bicycles. The information will assist Vision Zero, a city initiative to eliminate vehicle fatalities and serious injuries in D.C. by 2024.
Image: Joe Shlabotnik.
Michael Steinberg
Michael Steinberg is a Google policy fellow at the Center for Data Innovation, where he researches open data issues in government. He was previously an editorial fellow at GovLoop where he wrote content on modernizing government technologies. Prior to joining GovLoop, Michael was a research fellow at the Partnership for Public Service, a paralegal for an intellectual property law firm, and he held internships on Capitol Hill, at the National Archives, and in local government. Michael is a graduate of the University of Maryland in College Park, where he double majored in Government and Sociology. He is currently a second year Master's of Public Policy student at George Washington University specializing in technology policy.
Congress Just Got One Step Closer to Finally Making CRS Reports Public
Classifying Political Leaders' Economic Ideologies
Tracking Congressional District Redistribution
Tracking Citizenship Laws
Training Counterfactual Statement Detection Models
Tracking Violence Against Environmental Defenders
Training Sign Language Classification Systems
Training Object Recognition Algorithms On Small Data
Tracking Freedom of Information Act Libraries
Tracking Financial Disclosures in the U.S. Judicial Branch
Training AI Systems on Conversational Language


West Bengal Police Recruitment 2019 notification has been released for the recruitment of 3000 Constable Posts vacancies at West Bengal Police, West Bengal. The Interested and All eligible candidates can read the notification and all Eligibility Criteria before apply online for the West Bengal Police Recruitment 2019. The online application of West Bengal Police Recruitment 2019 starts from 11th March 2019 and before 10th April 2019.
10th or equivalent from a recognized Institute for West Bengal Police Recruitment 2019.
West Bengal Police Recruitment 2019 official website www.policewb.gov.in. an online Application form.


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other subredditsDK_Son
I wish this was true
DK_Son |[score hidden]written 9 minutes ago ago
Half the player base says it's a minigame, haha.
This Week In RuneScape - Celebration of Minigames!
DK_Son |[score hidden]written 11 minutes ago ago
Ok so this is a good week to work on Dom tower on my alts. Need to unlock mines and nips.
Almost 40 years together and this is how they still watch TV
DK_Son |-11 pointswritten 1 day ago ago
Hard for our gens to get this. We've been conditioned by the virtual world to play each other, take the richest/hottest partners, etc etc. The message of loyalty, choosing a partner based on personality rather than possessions, etc, etc has mostly been lost.
Thank you Jagex for a fun week of doing PvM that I usually couldn't afford. Oh and free ovls always taste better.
DK_Son |4 pointswritten 1 day ago ago
In the past we have had a combat week or two, but we only got one free death per day. Or maybe it was a feature of Prem club. I can't really remember. Free deaths for a week really encouraged players to go and learn bosses. Or get a bit riskier in some of their PvM methods. The hour overload was great too. I was thinking a salve may be better in future. Only because it made it hard to also apply anti-fire breath after taking the hour ovl. But I don't really say this as a complaint. The ovl duration made it awesome for Raksha and 99% of PvM content.
I'm hoping we can see events like this more often. I would gladly trade off 1-2 DXP weeks per year to get a combat week and/or other content weeks. RS has always focused on DXP weekends/weeks. But we really do need more diversity in the events. I was really happy with it, and I'm sad to see it go.
Don't think I'm the first, but I am one of them. The 1000 club.
"It's party every day!"
"No. I like to rock and roll part of every day. I usually have errands. I can rock and roll from like 1 to 3."
Old school runescaper here, decided to play rs3 again since I was maxed before eoc happened, been learning bosses during this week of bossing and managed to snag the gorvek pet, super stoked. This game is alot more fun then I thought definitely will keep playing 😀
DK_Son |1 pointwritten 1 day ago ago
Yeah of course not. I'm just saying why it sucked before. Because we never had the option to auto-cast for mundane shit like slayer tasks. So even slayer tasks required your full attention (like it was a boss) if you wanted to do any kind of reasonable damage. I play semi manual for all my bossing/Elite Dunge/etc etc.
I think I'm ready to start PVM :)
I like the use of the 0 bosses quickchat. But just as an FYI, that refers directly to Dominion Tower. Not normal bosses like Gwd1, 2, KBD, etc.
So just recently started to do Abyss, just got a nice message from the community
People would crash me, even as a maxed account. There's a certain "cuntish" behaviour these fuckers have. Unfortunately for them I have 3 accounts. So I'd just drop the other 2 in and waste their time. Sometimes following them to other worlds if they were dumb enough to leave private open.
Not sure if you played back then, but it was horrible. The worst thing I remember was that you couldn't auto-cast thresholds/ultimates. I remember having to mash the keyboard, even for boring slayer tasks. We only got to auto-cast ultimates at the end of 2017. Absolutely fucking horrible system until the end of 2017. I faded away in like 2011, and faded back in just before that update in 2017. It's in its best period at the moment, and I've had a blast since I returned.
The fact that dental care is not an universal right, when we all have teeth, baffles me.
DK_Son |1 pointwritten 2 days ago ago
We have relatively good free/affordable health care here in Australia. But dental is still not in that deal. I chipped a front tooth horizontally in half when I was like 9. A few years ago I knocked the cap off, so it had to be re-sculpted. $550 for a 30 min job. And that's the basic option. It discolours quickly and is a "get the job done" fix. The shape is ok. But it has imperfections that my tongue always finds its way to.
I appreciate that dentists are highly qualified people. But we all have teeth and and there should be a different system structure to deal with it. We pay like $500-$1000 in Medicare tax from our salaries each year. That's why we can see a doctor 600 times per year and not spend a cent. And we even get necessary surgeries for free. My friend had heart surgery a few months ago for free. Because it was required, not elective. It's a shame we can't get something similar for our teeth. Especially since they're also part of our bodies. The health system separates dental and thebrest of your body so much that we've ended up in this situation.
Why does "Tile" exist? 2001 creation date, never had a use (As far as I know)
DK_Son |3 pointswritten 2 days ago ago
Eh. You kinda have to wind the clock back and consider the game when it came out. The Gower brothers would have created a lot of basic items as they were coding the game. They may have given thought to needing them in a quest or a skill. So it just seems to me like it was just a "we might need it" addition.
Loot from afking on rs3 while maxing on osrs
Why does this remind me of that old RS picture of the 4,000 of each party hat, and thousands of each other rare, and so on. Where did you afk? Is this a turoths thing, or somewhere else like Soph dungeon? We're looking at tens of billions worth of components. Shadow and Ilujankian are 20-50m for every 4. At a minimum those combined 683 components have "saved" OP 3.5b if you value them at the lowest price of 20m per 4. Biting comps, fortunate comps, ancient, etc just add even more value to the pile. We're looking at like 20b+.
Three friends are in a hotel room in Soviet Russia.
There ended up being a listening device in the power socket.
If you cover a song by slowing it down and singing in a whisper, I fucking hate you.
Those are the covers that you see more of, and what's more popular. But it goes the other way too. Dragonforce and Pellek covered Shape of you by Ed Sheeran. That's an average speed song, but they raced through it. All types of covers happen.
I do agree that it's annoying though, because you see more of the slowed down ones. And it seems like most covers are that slow style. I think people do it like that because it requires zero creativity, and it's easier to ride through the octaves with your voice. It's like false talent or something.
To offer a polar opposite to those slow covers, I'd say to check out Dragonforce's covers of Ring of Fire, My heart will go on (yes, Celine Dion), and Shape of you. They may not be your ideal genre, but I love their renditions of those songs.
Idiot nearly impales himself
It's super weird to have a fence round a skatepark, unless you're charging admission fees, or trying to restrict access after a certain time. I wonder if the council did it so parents could ditch their kids in an enclosed area. All sorts of rubbish going on here with this fence.
Reality is so hard for a lot of people.
That last line triggered the Curb your enthusiasm credits in my brain.
I hate change.
The founder's last name was Coon, and he used a method to make the cheese called cooning. Only a pussy-ass country/company would force change on such an innocent product that has zero relation to intentional racial slurs. It'll always be Coon to me. I may even buy a tub of it, and just refill it with cheese for the rest of my life. Ride that original name into the sunset.
Hey folks, here's the entire Computer Science curriculum organized in 1000 YouTube videos that you can just play and start learning. There are 40 courses in total, further organized in 4 academic years, each containing 2 semesters. I hope that everyone who wants to learn, will find this helpful.
Yep. I can back this. You can get very far in IT through learning on the job, and learning in your own time. IT is unique in that you can be a guru at one thing, have no idea about the other 99% of the industry, and still make massive coin. And don't forget about "who you know". Your reputation with your managers and colleagues is the other 50% of it. But that goes for any industry.
Asking someone to marry you shouldn't involve a group of friends, a photographer, and/or family.
If it's random public pressure that the proposed-to didn't know about, then it's a bit assholey. But if people wanna do this junk, then there's not much we can do.
A big underlying issue here is the need for everything to be out in public. We complain about privacy all the time. But everyone is putting everything online, proposing in public, yada yada, and the intimacy of special shit is lost. If you're proposing in public for everyone to see, are you really about getting married, or do you just want the attention?
This titanium bolt is a part of my femur, and protrudes from my residual limb. I bolt my prosthesis onto it so I don't need a traditional socket. It is called "osseointegration."
Guessing a near-the-knee stump. As OP said they connect their prosthetic leg to it, and femur is above the knee.
TIFU by giving one of my twins laxtives.
I've heard bad things about US plumbing. We drop a couple of those bad boys here in Australia and our toilets just gobble em up. Might need a second flush, but it gets eaten.
My husband believes running pizza under water to cool it down is acceptable
We finally got an unpopular opinion. God damn, that sounds terrible.
The ideal ripper preset
Awesome!. Thanks for the info. Hadn't used/checked since they were changed.
Oof nice. Ty.
Guessing this is nerfed now that combat dummies are just all-style combat dummies, and not a specific combat style?


Africa faces a "severe learning crisis" that undermines economic growth and the well-being of its citizens, according to a new World Bank study. The region has made considerable progress in boosting primary and lower secondary school enrollment, but some 50 million children remain out of school, and most of those who attend school are not acquiring the basic skills necessary for success later in life.
Facing Forward: Schooling for Learning in Africa argues that learning levels across the region are alarmingly low. Among second grade students assessed on numeracy tests in several Sub-Saharan African countries, three-quarters could not count beyond 80 and 40 percent could not do a one-digit addition problem. In reading, between 50 and 80 percent of children in second grade could not answer a single question based on a short passage they had read, and a large proportion could not read even a single word.
Progress in the region has been mixed and some countries, including South Africa and Zimbabwe, have universalized access to basic education (primary and lower secondary). Other countries, including Central African Republic, Liberia and Chad, which have been affected by conflict and political turmoil, are lagging behind even in primary school access. In most countries, however, despite rapid advances, richer children, urban children and boys have the highest access to lower secondary education.
The study lays out concrete steps in four priority areas: providing universal basic education with a focus on equitable access, quality and retention; ensuring effective management and support of teachers; increasing financing for quality education; and boosting institutional capacity.
Specifically, the report urges countries to focus on student progression and the "traffic jam" in early grades, where children are stuck for many years with little learning, and are often taught in a language they don't fully understand. Ensuring regular student attendance, reducing repetition and class size, and implementing a language of instruction policy are factors critical to ensuring foundational learning. The study also calls for the elimination of the high-stakes examinations between primary and lower secondary school to ensure student progression.
The study highlights the need for better teacher support, particularly around issues of recruitment, preparation, deployment, supervision, and support at the school level. Policies need to address high rates of absenteeism and lack of teacher knowledge and skill, with a focus on better and more effective teacher preparation programs, on-the-job support, and incentives.
According to the study, in 2014, African governments spent an estimated US$204 per student for primary education—less than half of the amount spent in South Asia, the region with the next lowest level of spending. But the authors caution that more spending needs to be complemented by smarter and more strategic spending on learning materials, infrastructure, and teacher training.
The study complements the World Bank's recent World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education's Promise, which was released in September 2017 and argued that without learning, education will fail to deliver on its promise to eliminate extreme poverty and create shared opportunity and prosperity for all.