text:
Q: Show element in JavaScript by onkeypress function I'm trying to show save button only if input gets value,
The issue is if i use append for each input i get 1 button printed, what I'm looking for is regardless of input length get the button only once.
The important is input not be empty that's all.
Code
<input class="text_dec form-control" type="text" onkeypress="myFunction()" name="text_dec[]" id="'+ textFieldsCount.toString() +'">

function myFunction() {
    $('#moreless').append("button here");
}

any idea?

A: So I think you just want a button to show to the user once they type something in the text box. If that's the case, then you don't really want to append a button every time they press a key in the box.
Instead I'd make a button and set its css to display none and then when they keydown in the text box change the button's css to display block.
Something like this: http://jsfiddle.net/wug1bmse/10/
<body>
    <input type="text">
    <input class="myButton" type="button" value="button text" />
</body>

.myButton {
  display: none;
}

$(function(){
    $('input').on('keypress',function(){
        var htmlElement= $('.myButton');
        htmlElement.css('display', 'block');
    });
});

A: Instead of keypress, use keyup, this will call the listener just when the key is released, so you will have the correct length of the input value. With that, you can check if the button must be displayed or not.
Also, I would have another check to make sure that input have some value on it to save when clicked.
Like below, take a look:

$(function(){
    $('.myInput').on('keyup', function(){
        var btnElem = $('.myButton');
        var charLength = this.value.length;
        if (charLength > 0){
          btnElem.show();
        }else {
          btnElem.hide();
        }
    });

    $(".myButton").on("click", function(){
      if ($('.myInput').val().trim().length < 1){
        alert("Input is empty")
        return;
      }
      //Do your code
    });

});
.myButton {
  display: none;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<body>
    <input class="myInput"  type="text" value="">
    <input class="myButton" type="button" value="Save Button" />
</body>

EDIT
Now, if you really need to make as you were doing before (I don't consider it a best practice and also recommend you to rethink if you really wanna go through this) here goes a code that will help you. Click to show.
Here I added the functions and created the button element (if necessary) then append it to DOM just when the input have some value length.

function myFunction(input){
   var btnElem = $(".mySaveButton")[0];

   if (!btnElem){
      btnElem = document.createElement("button");
      btnElem.textContent = "Save Button";
      btnElem.onclick = btnClicked;
      btnElem.className = "mySaveButton";
   }

    var charLength = input.value.length;
    if (charLength > 0){
      document.body.append(btnElem);
    }else {
      btnElem.remove();
    }
};

function btnClicked(){
  if ($('.myInput').val().trim().length < 1){
    alert("Input is empty")
    return;
  }
  //Do your code
};
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<body>
    <input class="myInput"  type="text" value="" onkeyup="myFunction(this)">
</body>

A: Hiding the element with a class might be easier:
.btn-hidden {
    display: none;
}

<input id="save-button" class="btn-hidden" type="button" value="save" />

function showSave() {
    $('#save-button').removeClass('btn-hidden');
}
function hideSave() {
    $('#save-button').addClass('btn-hidden');
}


The Catholic Church does not ordain women as priests. Why is this so and how can the Church continue in a policy that seems so unfair and at variance with the fact that most other denominations now have women ministers?
This question is frequently asked today and seems more urgent when, as you note, other denominations have women ministers. There is also today a stronger sense that all opportunities should be available to everyone.
The most immediate answer as to why the Church does not ordain to the priesthood is that the Church cannot do so. Sometimes we think today that our Church is free to do whatever she wants. But the fact is that the Church is bound to hand on what she has received. When Jesus established the priesthood, he chose from among all his many disciples (which included many prominent women) twelve men whom he named "Apostles." This call of the Apostles is the origin of the priesthood. Jesus called only men to this office. It is hard to argue, as some do, that Jesus had to comply with the norms of his day and thus had no real choice. The fact is that Jesus broke many conventions of his time and exhibited considerable freedom in interpreting the Law. He was more than willing to engage in controversy where necessary. Jesus himself established the priesthood calling only men and the Church has no authority to overrule Jesus, Sacred Scripture, or the established Apostolic Tradition in this regard. Both John Paul II and Paul VI indicated this very clearly. Here is What Pope John Paul wrote in 1994: "Therefore, in order that all doubt may be removed regarding a matter of great importance, a matter which pertains to the Church's divine constitution itself, in virtue of my ministry of confirming the brethren (cf. Lk 22:32) I declare that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful." (Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, 4). Therefore, the Church must hand on what we have received from Christ and the Apostles even if this teaching is not currently popular or in conformity with other modern practices.
The role in the Church should not be determined by men. It should be determined by God. Jesus never said women cannot be priests. This is falsely inferred to exclude women and keep the boys club in tact.
The body part analogy is false. Women can aspire to all parts of the Church and are not relegated to only one part of the Body of Christ.
Women cannot be priests because they have something powerful within them that makes men tremble: menses, a direct access to unseen energies. This idea comes from a priest that wrote under a pseudonym, Johannes Abbas, in a book titled Misión de Sangre (Mission of Blood). It is a pity this book has never been translated. It describes the mass as a ritual of magic that has not changed in hundreds of years. There is a reason for that. Men have insulted the Divine Feminine for eons.
The only thing preventing women from being priests is male prejudice.
I could be mistaken, but I believe it was the Council of Laodicea (352 CE) that forbade women to be priests.
Whereas we see that in early Christianity, that women were in the priesthood. This is shown both within the canonical, the gnostic Christian writings and early Church history of the first Christian churches. Some women were even regarded as Apostles of Christ, as well as others holding senior positions in the priesthood. Likewise Judaism has a few women prophets. The Church basically has no lawful authority to deny women into the Priesthood.
Yeshua (Jesus) did NOT make any one a priest. By reasoning that Jesus had to make priests means neither male nor females can be priests in Christianity. This is a nonsense. Paul was not made an apostle by Yeshua, there is also St. Barnabas another apostle. Also the women Junia, is called an apostle; as well as other women such as Mary of Magdala (in the Christian gnostic non-canonical scriptures); Joanna, Susanna, Prisca and Priscilla are among numerous others mentioned. While Yeshua had twelve disciples which were may and many others. Jewish tradition was a very male based society and this is the reason for having chosen the 12 male disciples. This itself does not mean he did not have female disciples are part of his group.
The Church should be more concerned about not honouring the Sabbath as commanded by G-d and followed by Jesus. There is NOT one scriptural basis for Sunday worship, it is a fake tradition of the Church which the Bible itself rejects all those whom worship in accordance to tradition rather than the command of G-d.
Women priests fine.. Failure to honour the Sabbath is not.


text:
Q: Create a list using a for in XQuery 1.0 I would like to create a list of element using a for like in this example:
for $ingr in distinct-values(//Ingredient/Name)
let $res := (
  for $res2 in //Restaurant
  return if( some $ingr2 in $res2/Dish/Ingredient/Name satisfies $ingr2 eq $ingr )
    then( $res2 )
    else()
  )
return $ingr, $res

What I want to obtain is: For each ingredient return the list of restaurants that use it.
I really don't understand where is the problem?
Here you can see an example: http://www.xpathtester.com/xquery/0c8f9699df404020afd07ff9f9517a46
It keep saying: ERROR - Variable $res has not been declared

A: Your expression was read as (for ... let ... return $ingr), ($res). Which means that $res at the end is considered a different expression separate from the previous FLWOR expression, hence the undeclared variable error.
You can simply use parentheses to alter this unwanted grouping :
for $ingr in distinct-values(//Ingredient/Name)
let $res := (
  for $res2 in //Restaurant
  return if( some $ingr2 in $res2/Dish/Ingredient/Name satisfies $ingr2 eq $ingr )
    then( $res2 )
    else()
  )
return ($ingr, $res)

xpathtester demo

A: As har07 correctly points out, parentheses are needed to get the final reference of $res into the scope of the FLWOR expression. However I think the query as you wrote it is overly complex, in particular the quantified expression can be replaced by just a path expression. Here is a simpler variant:
for $ingr in distinct-values(//Ingredient/Name)
return ($ingr, //Restaurant[Dish/Ingredient/Name = $ingr])

A: The problem is in defining $res2 in your code
you have to change the for loop to let the child node inside the parent node
for $res2 in //Restaurant

   let $Ingredient := distinct-values(//Ingredient/Name/data())
                  (:This is a list of ingredients :)
   let $ingr := if (some $ingr2 in $Ingredient
satisfies (contains(lower-case($res2//Ingredient/Name), $ingr2)))
        then( $res2 )
        else()
      )
    return $ingr, $res2

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Today I was literally slaying in my outfit Aspirers! I turned a basic outfit to a wow outfit by adding a pop of color. It's spring time here in North Carolina and with my neon blazer you could tell I was ready!
Are you loving my outfit? If so don't forget to like and share.
Why not pay less and get more!
Hi Aspirers a sad thing happen to me recently and I have to share this with you all. My favorite black heels started falling apart! I had that one pair for years. Being a shoeaholic I had to get a new pair ASAP! Every girl needs that one pair you can wear with anything and everything. Since I shop on a budget I was on the hunt for a new pair for a great price. I love fashion but I'm not into the labels. If it's cute, it's cute no matter who designed it.
I found these lovelies at Payless! Originally the shoes were $39.99 but Payless had sale. Went from $39.99 to $29.99 then I had a $10 coupon that was sent to me by my mom which changed the price to $19.99 then I had a $3.00 coupon so after tax I only spent $18.00. Yeah I said it $18.00! Not bad at all. Next time you need a new pair check out Payless or any of your local stores.


All three steps must be done to register student!
Steubenville Mid-America is a high-energy youth conference where approximately 3500 teens come together on the Missouri State University college campus and pack the MSU Arena throughout the weekend for dynamic speakers, engaging music, Sacraments and fun.
STEP 1. Complete the Diocesean Participation Form.
STEP 3. Make your $100 deposit and setup payment. The total value of the conference trip is over $350, but there are cheaper options available for you! Your deposit and future payment enrollment must be received by the dates below. All payments must be electronic or arranged to be made in person with Shelley Palmarine in the Business Office during office hours. Thank you!
b. $295 Total - Register, p ay $100 deposit and pay balance by June 15.
c. $350 Total - Register, pay $100 deposit and pay balance by July 15.
**NOTE: Work reductions will be available for Saltire member families with multiple children attending, as well as those fulfilling the Confirmation retreat requirement. There are limited slots for these work reductions and they will be given on first registered/requested basis.Scholarships are also available. Please contact Carolyn about this possibility.
Steubenville conference--high-energy youth conference with nationally known speakers, engaging music, and entertainment, plus Mass on Saturday and Sunday, Adoration and more.


Google made it clear in January that it was dissatisfied with password authentication, as reports revealed that the search engine giant was working on new tech to replace traditional PINs. Now, we could be seeing the first product of that effort in the newly announced Motorola Skip for Moto X.
Skip is a small thumb-sized clip that pairs with your Moto X and unlocks the device with a single tap. The accessory can be worn on you shirt, belt or any other area that feels comfortable. Essentially, users will be able to unlock their devices without having to remember a PIN or touch their phone whatsoever.
Motorola says that each Skip clip comes with three Skip dots that also pair with your phone. Moto X owners can touch their device to these stickers to unlock their phone rather than typing in a passcode. For example, if you leave a Skip dot on your nightstand you can simply say "OK Google Now, set an alarm for 7 am," without having to touch your smartphone. You can still unlock your phone with a password if you forget or lose your Skip, and both Skip clips and dots will only work when paired with your phone.
The company hasn't announced exactly when these accessories will launch, but did say that they will be available on Motorola's website when the Moto X goes on sale. The Skip will be available in gray with a black accent, but Motorola says it plans to release more colors soon. For a limited time, Skip will be available for free with all Moto X orders made through AT&T's Moto Maker.
The Skip builds on the Moto X' touchless controls functionality, which the company emphasized during the phone's launch event in early August. For example, the Moto X is designed to spring into action whenever its owner says, "OK, Google Now." It's trained to recognize the user's voice, so if someone snatches your phone or attempts to use it, the Moto X won't respond.
More importantly, the Skip represents an effort to create secure alternatives for traditional passwords. In 2012 alone, numerous incidents illustrated just how insecure PINs and passcodes can be. Last June hordes of LinkedIn users had their passwords leaked by hackers. Mat Honan of Wired had his entire digital identity stolen last year when hackers stole his Gmail password, tarnished his Twitter account and remotely wiped his iPhone, iPad and laptop.


text:
Director-General updates/
Jobs for Nature: changing the face of conservation and DOC
Before heading off to new pastures, Department of Conservation (DOC) Director-General Lou Sanson shared his thoughts on one of the projects he's most proud of – Mahi mō te Taiao / Jobs for Nature.
Lou believes Jobs for Nature is creating something powerful and different.
"Jobs for Nature has supercharged the way DOC works with others," Lou says. "DOC has shifted from doing the work out in the field, to building capability across iwi and community groups and supporting them to deliver conservation work."
Planting at Te Waihora
A different New Zealand
Jobs for Nature answered the call when the community needed help following lockdown in autumn 2020.
"The tourism industry had completely collapsed in places like Te Anau, Waitomo and Franz Josef, and communities were crying out for jobs. DOC was able to provide a lifeline to these communities through Jobs for Nature."
The programme was designed to provide nature-based jobs to communities and industries that had been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the tourism and hospitality industry. The programme has had to adapted to the needs of regional communities including funding projects that target iwi and youth unemployment.
Lou is quick to ease concerns that Jobs for Nature is taking labour away from industries like dairy, fruit picking and tourism.
"The programme is giving back, rather than taking away. For instance, tourism workers participating in Jobs for Nature projects will have a wealth of knowledge about Tikanga Māori and conservation which will enrich their work when the border reopens – with the added bonus that they'll also be ambassadors for nature!"
He recalls the words of the Prime Minister who, at the start of the programme, said Jobs for Nature would contribute to making New Zealand a different country when the border reopens.
DOC Senior Leaders at Teke Kinga Marae
From the bigger picture to personal benefits
By visiting as many projects as he could, Lou saw first-hand how Jobs for Nature projects were making positive impacts on those participating in them.
"There's a story on every project," he says. "On one particular visit a man told me: 'This project changed my life. I used to be a night watchman and now I'm living in light with other people'."
Lou also recalled how visits to projects in Northland made his spine tingle. "One particular area had gone from high levels of unemployment, to everyone working for a cause. People told me the ngahere (the forest) used to push them away, but now it's pulling them in."
River Restoration Hui
Looking towards a lasting legacy
Although he is leaving DOC, Lou is looking forward to enjoying Jobs for Nature's successes.
"For me, it will be driving through the Mackenzie Basin and seeing the great marching army of wilding pines under control.
"I'm looking forward to seeing braided river birds and invertebrates thriving on the Waikanae river. I'm also excited to see people in far Northland and Ngāti Awa (Whakatāne) in really meaningful work."
Jobs for Nature is all about partnerships. Whether it's with iwi, community groups, other government departments, or nature. DOC working with others will help ensure Papatūānuku thrives.
Lou notes that while it took the hard work of some to get Jobs for Nature off the ground, it will be the work, aspiration and determination of many more people that will create a lasting legacy once the programme finishes in 2024.
Learn more about the Jobs for Nature programme which is helping revitalise communities through nature-based employment: www.doc.govt.nz/jobs-for-nature
In Director-General updates, Jobs at DOC Jobs for Nature, Lou Sanson, Mahi mō te Taiao

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This CD is a Guide to the New Generations of Highly Sensitive Young People.
Since the 1970s, Parents and School Teachers have noticed that children have been becoming increasingly more sensitive, aware, and psychic.
The first generation of the children are known as Indigos. Followed in the 1990's by the Crystal Children. Now, Rainbow Children are starting to emerge.
describes their Soul's purpose and the beautiful messages they have for all of us.
Click the button below to add the Indigo, Crystal And Rainbow Children CD to your wish list.


text:
What You Don't Know About History of the Sport Education Model
by supdude
Posted: March 24, 2019 March 24, 2019
Life, Death and History of the Sport Education Model Doctoral education is valuable to the profession, particularly for athletic training educators. Physical education as a portion of education stipulates the only prospect for all children to learn about physical movement and participate in physical activity. Online physical education is an increasing trend. Others don't have …
Continue reading "What You Don't Know About History of the Sport Education Model"
Find Out Who is Worried About The Sport of Bodybuilding History and Why You Should be Listening to Them
Well, Arnold did not understand what to say. It isn't uncommon for bodybuilders to exercise for as much as two to three hours per session to be able to achieve the quantity of repetitions, and a few of these bodybuilders exercise between 5-7 days weekly. Broadly speaking, bodybuilders require more calories than the typical person …
Continue reading "Find Out Who is Worried About The Sport of Bodybuilding History and Why You Should be Listening to Them"
A Review of The History of Racism in Sport
The Basics of the History of Racism in Sport The next sort of racism is known as horizontal racism. It should not be tolerated and footballers who use racism as means of psychological warfare should have the book thrown at them. Thus, the best method to address racism is to raise diversity. The racism is …
Continue reading "A Review of The History of Racism in Sport"
The Basic Facts of Top Luxury Hybrid Sport Sedans Us News
Posted: March 3, 2019 March 3, 2019
Top Luxury Hybrid Sport Sedans Us News and Top Luxury Hybrid Sport Sedans Us News – The Perfect Combination Luxury sedans are somewhat more costly than other cars. Even with the top-tier pricing of several luxury sedans there are others which are more reasonably priced. At the opposite end, luxury model sedans are packed with …
Continue reading "The Basic Facts of Top Luxury Hybrid Sport Sedans Us News"


text:
Marietta hispida är en stekelart som beskrevs av Annecke och Insley 1972. Marietta hispida ingår i släktet Marietta och familjen växtlussteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Växtlussteklar
hispida

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Guys n girls suffering from migraine, u won't believe me what works for migraine, A JALEBI made in pure GHEE. Eat JALEBI and glass of milk early in the morning eat nothing else. You can eat after 3 hours, please try this and reply me if u feel that worked for u, my email ID is micoolin@yahoo.co.in.
I have been suffering from migraines for about 20 years or so, Most currently, I have had a migraine virtually everyday since March 2012...it is now 09/1/2012. Just like most migraineurs, I have spent countless hours in the emergency room trying to stop the cyles of migraines. I see a chiropractor (biggest waste of two thousand dollars EVER) on the upside the back pain that I have experienced daily for the past 16 years is getting better. So I can't be totally made at the Chiropractor. The first Neurologist, in the course of 4 months tried me on 2 different preventatives (topomax and zonegrain) both were an epic failure. His next suggestion was to go to a headache clinic out of state...with a small child, husband and job, this was just unrealistic. I then began seeing another nuerologist. I hade nerve block injections done on both sides right at the base of the skull. Then he stared me on botox treatments. I was a little freaked out about it at first. The thought of all (32) injections in my head had me wanted to run for cover. But then I figured...what's the worse thing that could happen...give me a headache...no biggier there, I have them daily. I have only been through one course. I have about a week and a half to determine if the full effects from the botox will really work. I keep saying life can only get better from here...I am at the bottom of the barrell already, things cannot get any worse.
Hello, I have migraines 2-5 days per week, every week. I am 25 years old and I've been getting them for 12 years now. I have recently discovered that eating foods with the coloring red #40 in them increases my chance of getting a migraine within the next 8 hours or so to near 100%. Also, when I eat this coloring the migraine is especially painful. Since completely cutting out anything with red #40 in my diet, the pain of my migraines has decreased significantly to the point that I know FOR SURE if I accidentally ate something with the coloring just from the amount pain I'm feeling.
I've had migraines for years. At first, my MD thought it was associated with my birth control, (the depo shot), so I switched to the pill. The migraines weren't coming as frequent but they were still occurring. When I would get a migraine, the world would have to stop. I couldn't eat, sleep, listen and watch anything. The slightest bit of sound or light would have me rushing to the bathroom to relieve the massive nausea feeling that would come over me. Typically, if the pain was so unbearable to the point where I did end up throwing up, I would start to immediately feel better. But if I couldn't get myself to throw up I would take two excedrin migraine pills and lay as still as possible. Usually twenty minutes or so would pass & then I would start to feel better. However, my energy level for the rest of the day would be minute.
Like everyone else, I read and read and read of any option to relieve the pain. During college, I was bartending and my manager, at the time, suggested that potassium would help.
It may sound humurous but trust me on this one. Lay in a dark, cool & quiet room. Place a bananna peeling on your forehead. Close your eyes and within minutes you will start to feel the pressure diminishing. It has something to do with the potassium in the peeling.
Peppermint oil or any peppermint lotion on the temples, head, neck and anywhere there is tension works great and swear by it. i have had migraines for many years and have tried almost everything there is to try but this one the one thing that i got almost instant relief without having to lie down and there went the rest of my day because of a migraine. But everyone is different but hope this does help someone. GOOD LUCK!!!!!
9. Computer posture correction - sit back (preferably on a back support - I use the Back Joy from www.backjoy.com); take breaks and stretch; adjust the height and tilt of your monitor, as well as its brightness and contrast.
10. Last but not least, adjustments with a chiropractor - especially if you can find one who practices the Pettibon System (www.PettibonSystem.com) - I found Lisa Smith in Grand Rapids and I LOVE her! She was a long-term migraine sufferer herself, and really knows what works!
I get migraines all the time and I have tried everything. Honestly nothing worked until I went to my doctor and got prescibed a beta-blocker.


Buying or selling a home is one of the most important decisions a person will make in their lifetime. This experience can be daunting unless you are working with a Realtor who understands the process. If you are thinking of buying or selling a home, I can help you.


text:
Q: Difference between covariant and contravariant positions in Typescript I'm trying to understand the following examples from the Typescript advanced types handbook.
Quoting, it says that:
The following example demonstrates how multiple candidates for the same type variable in co-variant positions causes a union type to be inferred:
type Foo<T> = T extends { a: infer U, b: infer U } ? U : never;
type T10 = Foo<{ a: string, b: string }>;  // string
type T11 = Foo<{ a: string, b: number }>;  // string | number

Likewise, multiple candidates for the same type variable in contra-variant positions causes an intersection type to be inferred:
type Bar<T> = T extends { a: (x: infer U) => void, b: (x: infer U) => void } ? U : never;
type T20 = Bar<{ a: (x: string) => void, b: (x: string) => void }>;  // string
type T21 = Bar<{ a: (x: string) => void, b: (x: number) => void }>;  // string & number

My question is: why are the object properties from the first example considered "co-variant positions" while the second function arguments are considered "contra-variant positions"?
Also the second example seems to resolve to never not sure if there's any config required to get it to work.

A: Your observation that one of the examples resolves to never is accurate and you are not missing any compiler settings. In newer versions of TS, intersections of primitive types resolve to never. If you revert to an older version you will still see string & number. In newer version you can still see the contravariant position behavior if you use object types:
type Bar<T> = T extends { a: (x: infer U) => void, b: (x: infer U) => void } ? U : never;
type T21 = Bar<{ a: (x: { h: string }) => void, b: (x: { g: number }) => void }>;  // {h: string; } & { g: number;}

Playground Link
As to why are function parameters contravariant while properties are covariant, it's a tradeoff between type safety and usability.
For function arguments, it is easy to see why they would be contravariant. You can only call a function safely with a subtype of the argument, not a base type.
class Animal { eat() { } }
class Dog extends Animal { wof() { } }

type Fn<T> = (p: T) => void
var contraAnimal: Fn<Animal> = a => a.eat();
var contraDog: Fn<Dog> = d => { d.eat(); d.wof() }
contraDog(new Animal()) // error, d.wof would fail
contraAnimal = contraDog; // so this also fails

contraAnimal(new Dog()) // This is ok
contraDog = contraAnimal; // so this is also ok

Playground Link
Since Fn<Animal> and Fn<Dog> are assignable in the opposite direction as two variables of types Dog and Animal would be, the function parameter position makes Fn contravariant in T
For properties, the discussion as to why they are covariant is a bit more complicated. The TL/DR is that a field position (ex { a: T }) would make the type actually invariant, but that would make life hard so in TS, by definition a field type position (such as T has above) makes the type covariant in that field type( so { a: T } is covariant in T). We could demonstrate that for the a is read-only case, { a: T } would covariant, and for the a is write-only case { a: T } would be contravariant, and both cases together give us invariance, but I'm not sure that is strictly necessary, instead, I leave you with this example of where this covariant by default behavior can lead to correctly typed code having runtime errors:
type SomeType<T> = { a: T }

function foo(a: SomeType<{ foo: string }>) {
    a.a = { foo: "" } // no bar here, not needed
}
let b: SomeType<{ foo: string, bar: number }> = {
    a: { foo: "", bar: 1 }
}

foo(b) // valid T is in a covariant position, so SomeType<{ foo: string, bar: number }> is assignable to SomeType<{ foo: string }>
b.a.bar.toExponential() // Runtime error nobody in foo assigned bar

Playground Link
You might also find this post of mine on variance in TS interesting.


text:
Boulder County hop growers contribute to craft beers
Camilla Sterne
Ron Yovich of Ella J Farms displays hops.
The female Humulus lupulus, or hop plant, is something that all beer drinkers encounter every time they indulge in a cold one. And in Colorado, which was ranked fifth in craft breweries per capita for 2012, hops are not a rarity — in beer form. The crop itself, though, seems to be few and far between, with more than 77 percent of U.S. hop production coming from Washington state, according to the 2012 National Hop Report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Within the last decade, however, farmers on the Western Slope and Front Range have seized the opportunity to cultivate this cash crop, and are slowly but surely finding their footing to produce greater yields of the unique vine.
"There are all these craft breweries out here, they must need some hops, so a lot of people are jumping on it," says Geoff Hess of the Oskar Blues Hops & Heifers farm in Longmont. "It's an alternative agricultural crop that's not been widely grown here in Colorado … now everybody wants to get into hops."
However, Hess says farmers face some difficulty in learning the ins and outs of cultivating such a unique crop, especially in Colorado.
"In Colorado it's tough to grow anything because of a variety of reasons," says Hess. "First, the soil quality is really poor, poor drainage, high clay, not a lot of organic matter, but we can amend that to make it work because we have more mild winters, no threat of mildew, lots of sunlight and the ability to use irrigation water for a drip system."
The initial process of planting the crops is no easy task, according to hop growers, especially because they are often grown using complex trellis systems that are 12 to 18 feet high and must be established before the hop rhizomes are planted.
However, once established, hop bines (similar to vines) can live for 25 to 30 years.
And Michelle and Ron Yovich, the owners of Ella J Farms in Longmont, are extremely grateful that these perennials don't require yearly planting.
"We were down on our hands and knees literally planting 10,000 baby hop plants, just with the help of our family," says Michelle Yovich.
The Parker-based couple established Ella J Farms in 2011 and went into the 10-acre project with wide eyes and limited agricultural knowledge. They wanted to get into agriculture and decided on hops because of the booming beer scene in Colorado, according to Michelle Yovich.
"It's probably a little big to start with," says Michelle Yovich, referring to the 10-acre former sod farm in Longmont that their hops call home. "It's a really labor-intensive crop, but we did it, and now we're here."
Once the hops are grown, hop farmers in Colorado face additional difficulty when it comes to harvesting the hop cones and readying them for use by breweries. Harvesting requires specialized machines for picking hop cones off the vine called Wolf Pickers, and readying the hops for use requires further expensive machinery.
"I think there's a lack of understanding that, growing a hop and bringing it to ripeness and production and having it as a whole cone, then there's a big gap to getting that into beer," says Hess.
While some breweries use wet or fresh hops in craft brews as well as dry hops, larger producers require pelletized hops. These hops are dried and condensed into a pellet that can be easily used in large brew batches and does not interfere with brewery machine function, according to Hess. However, the pellet can only be produced using a refrigerated pelletizer machine, and Colorado remains behind the curve in that regard.
"We don't even have a pelletizer in Colorado yet. I mean, we just started to get Wolf Pickers," says Hess.
While Oskar Blues relies on its own hops in wet hop brews, which use the fresh hop cone just as it is, Ella J Farms provides hops for Coors' AC Golden Colorado Native brew, which requires hops in the pelletized form.
"We dry [our hops] and we bale them and we deliver them to Coors," says Ron Yovich. "They take them in the bales and ship them up to Washington and have them pelletized and then shipped back here in pellet form to use in their brewing process."
"We're in a place right now where there are not quite enough farmers to make [a pelletizer] cost-effective, but at the same time there's not a lot of farmers because there's no pelletizer," says Michelle Yovich. "So it's sort of a catch-22."
The couple has faced weeds, the challenges of practicing organic agriculture, hail and broken field poles in their trellis system, but remains positive and dedicated to the project, which is still in its early stages. They struggle with the idea that providing local hops to a local brewery creates such a large carbon footprint in the trip to Washington and back. They hope that as they grow, they will be able to supply their hops to local breweries for wet hop brews.
But as the Yoviches expand, another Boulder County hops grower is phasing out his production of the crop. Richard Andrews of the Andrews Family Farm in Boulder has been growing hops for seven years but has recently cut back the extremely laborintensive hop production on the farm in hopes of retiring. However, Andrews is well aware of the problems faced by Colorado hops growers and continues to use his equipment to aid other hops growers along the Front Range.
Trellises at Oskar Blues Hops and Heifers Farm | Photo by Camilla Sterne
"The fact is that, some small growers, they can't really afford to go out and buy the necessary equipment," says Andrews. "The smallest machine you can buy would cost $40,000. Cost is a real issue to a small grower, and if we can do this cooperatively and help each other out then everybody will be better off."
Andrews, who has worked on research with Colorado State University's Specialty Hops program to create solar drying technology and is formally trained as an engineer, also built his own harvester, akin to a Wolf Picker, using parts of a used apple sorter.
He began growing hops with his son in hopes of making a living selling the cash crop from his one-acre plot.
"We decided to grow hops because there's such a huge and rapidly expanding beer business," says Andrews. "You had a ready market for sure, and a market that in fact valued locally produced crops and ingredients. They were very interested in supporting local suppliers."
Andrews is able to sell his hops to local breweries, including Upslope, Mountain Sun, Southern Sun, Wild Mountain, Pumphouse, Estes Park Brewery and others, but hasn't achieved the income he had hoped.
"With a small acreage it's probably not enough to make a living off of," says Andrews. "Ten acres is probably a minimum size to be a commercial hop grower."
But Andrews, like others, expresses a great appreciation of the hop community.
"I've really enjoyed working with the beer-producing and herb-company communities in Boulder," Andrews says. "They are a friendly group of people. They are collegial; they like to help each other. They don't view each other as cutthroat competitors."
And Andrews' vision that hop growers will unite as a community and share equipment is moving toward realization with the establishment of the Colorado Hop Growers Association in 2011. However, Hess sees no hope that growing Colorado breweries will ever be entirely supplied by Colorado hop growers.
"Do I see in the near future, enough hops being produced to suffice the brewery demand here?" he asks. "Probably not, I mean that's way, way, way out there."
But of course, hop growers remain passionate about their distinctive crop, despite, and maybe because of, its rarity in Colorado.
Michelle and Ron Yovich are still amazed that so many people who drink beer are unfamiliar with the climbing plant that provides its character and unaware that the yellow lupulin Michelle Yovich calls "gold powder" in the cone emits such a pungent and rich scent.
"I think it's a beautiful plant," she says. "I think it's amazing that that little tiny bit of lupulin, that tiny little bit of yellow powder, is the whole reason that people grow it."
As the harvest approaches within the next week or two, Hess says he's excited about the third-year yield.
"First year sleeps, second year creeps, third year leaps."
Respond: letters@boulderweekly.com
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The year 2012 is turning out to be a hard year for the enemies of the Empire and its tegument of lies. Death is silencing some powerful voices. In June we lost Alex Cockburn, now Vidal.
Protean in talent and interests, Gore Vidal was a complex man who did not fit under one or two labels. Contrarian by nature, an intellectual lion by any standard, and an early and calmly defiant overt homosexual with some heterosexual frissons thrown in to confuse those who like things nice and predictable, Gore Vidal cast a long and exemplary shadow on American culture for much of the 20th century. He was that rare bird: a true original writer whose public persona easily overshadowed the legacy of his own books, and he had no real competitors or imitators. Enfant terriblism defined him from the start, perhaps as the natural allergic reaction of a free spirit to the stifling parochialism, priggishness and conformity he found in American society, so it was pretty much inevitable that, despite his own ties to the native aristocracy (such as it it exists in the US), he could never resist shocking the bourgeois and the comfortable, a sport he maintained throughout his 86 unapologetic years of residence on earth. Mired in philistinism and banality, to a man like Gore Vidal America provided enormous targets.
It hardly needs stating that to most of his legion of conservative critics and defamers Vidal was a degenerate, a shameless libertine, a man without decency or social restraint, a contumacious hedonist… an American de Sade. (He rightly considered such invective a mark of honor). Given this invidious billing, this crowd will probably be surprised to hear Gore Vidal described as a social moralist, but that's what he was, for at the end of the day a true moralist in the deepest sense of the term is one who fights for the higher virtues: justice, tolerance, the advance of reason, and the triumph of compassion. All core Enlightenment values. And as Vidal said on a number of occasions (claiming no originality): a social peace not grounded in social justice is suspect.
And although the magazine did not survive long for the usual reasons that afflict undercapitalized left publications, he never lost faith in the possibility of its rebirth. Eventually Cyrano was reborn, albeit as an online political affairs monitor. Later, in 1986, another fine publication, FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting) came to the fore as a dedicated media watchdog serving the left. In part the new outfit, much as Cyrano had been, was a response from the left to the lies and propaganda spread by the odious Reed Irvine and his misnomered Accuracy in Media (AIM), amply financed since the early 1970s by rightwing tycoons to fight what they cynically claimed to be the "media's leftist anti-corporate bias"—an oxymoron if there ever was one.
In Gore Vidal the American and international left had a unique and honorable champion. Unburdened by false modesty, he saw himself as something of a Voltaire for our age, and in that he was correct. But by character and disposition, in the sheer pleasure he derived from battling the outsize forces of privilege and obscurantism, I would say he was also very much like Cyrano de Bergerac. And like Cyrano, he leaves behind his immaculate panache.
Patrice Greanville is The Greanville Post's editor in chief, and publisher of Cyrano's Journal Today.
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Thank you Patrice. Well honored; and he will be well missed.
Simply a terrific tribute to a complex and at times contradictory man, but who had no peer in eviscerating the very heart of this horrific nation—especially his skill (and delight!) in puncturing our moronic policies, farcical media, and insufferable hypocrisy.
I exchanged only passing pleasantries with him, as he was close with [George] Plimpton, whom I lived on the same block with in Manhattan. Plimpton lived on the East River on 72 Street, and Vidal was one of the regulars at Plimpton's frequent parties. As you noted in your elegant tribute, as much as Vidal detested this nation, he had no difficulty reveling in its pleasures within his select circle.
I, and countless others, immensely admired the man, but the highest opinion held of Vidal was by Vidal himself. Indeed, not unlike Buckley, humility was a stranger to Vidal! He led a full and productive life, but for all his talent and wit, only Vidal would have compared himself to the Voltaire of this age. That being said, he certainly was a rare voice of sanity who will be sorely missed.
Note: Ed Duvin serves as Editor at Large with The Greanville Post and Cyrano's Journal Today.


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Annls mycol. 23: 262 (1925)

#### Original name
Physalospora pentulata Sacc.

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub