Scoffton is a workplace management game that sees you making the most of the massive buffet before you. You have gone to this restaurant with one goal in mind; making sure that you get the most value for the food that you eat within this restaurant, before you end up full and having to go home.
With so many options on food, special menu combinations, and other customers at the restaurant, you will have a lot to figure out. This place even has a claw machine for you to try out! Literally everything you ever wanted within this establishment is there for you.
Scoffton has a lot of pieces, all in a very unique 90s cartoon style. I quite enjoy the aesthetic within the game, I found that it looked cute and unique in the best sort of ways. The game does take a fair amount of time to set up, as each station gets different foods; a salad bar, a dessert bar, a buffet table of meat, a sidebar of items yet to be placed where they belong, cards for the lost and found, as well as the claw machine — there just is a lot to set up.
Once everything is placed, you can start the game. Collecting various food items and consuming them does take time. Your goal is to gain a lot of points — and there are a bunch of ways to do it. The most common way of gaining massive amounts of points is to create the recipes on menu cards in the game within your stomach. Your stomach, like most people's real stomach, has a limited amount of space. Each menu item is 4 tiles, and once one of your two regular stomach areas are full of a dish, that keeps you full. You also have a desert stomach that can be filled as well!
If there are items in your stomach that you don't want, you can go to the bathroom and get rid of them — still gaining points for them as well. This is good for longer games, but as soon as someone is full, Scoffton does end. Before you can get munching, you need to put items on your table. These foodstuffs can be sometimes given to you or forced upon you — but you can call a waiter to take away the items you don't want.
As I said previously, Scoffton has a lot of pieces! The box contains: a rule book, a main restaurant board which holds many of your food tiles, four player belly boards (which have your table and stomach on them), twelve diner meeple characters (three of each color), four sneeze tokens (one of each color), twelve spill tokens, sixty-two food tiles, forteen coffee tiles, fifty-four VFM tiles (points tiles), eighteen claw machine cards, sixteen management cards, thirty lost and found cards, and nine menu selection cards.
Yes, that is a lot of things! Each player does get three of the same color meeple as well as a sneeze of the same color, as well as a belly board. Other than that, the rest get placed in and around the restaurant.
As for turns, one player starts by placing down one of their meeples. They can place their meeple in a number of places; onto a lost and found tile, onto a food bar space, by the claw machine, or on their table. They could also sneeze on a spot, contaminating the food there. The next player, going clockwise, will then place one of their meeples. This will continue until everyone has placed all of their meeples where they want them.
Then, a management card is flipped over. This is an action that is happening at the restaurant, to all of the players. It can be cleaning the floor, restocking food (which can change what some of the meeple selected at the buffet, giving each player bread, forcing them to eat bread, and more.
Once management is done, one by one you will continue around the group, resolving one meeple at a time. Eventually, you will have your meeples back and have resolved all of the things you wanted. This means collecting food, trying out the claw machine, eating or shifting items around your stomach, cleaning your table off, going to the bathroom, moving food around your table, getting coffee, collecting and using a lost and found card, and more. Like a real buffet, there is a ton that can be done. Your goal is to have the most points at the end of the game, so you will need to plan and think about your moves and try to maximise your stomach space!
I quite enjoyed Scoffton. Because of the huge amount of things you can do, turns can be very slow with new players or people who are indecisive. With that said, once you have played a few times, people really get their moves decided in a much quicker fashion.
With all of these options and ways to earn points, I spent a lot of time trying to get complete recipes in my stomach, and eat them. This is a challenge — and with so many other ways to earn points — sometimes I found that I probably should have gone for lost and found cards or worked on blocking off others.
Soon it becomes strategic sneezing, blocking off areas, and trying to use the bathroom to gain extra points with the random stuff you ended up with. The game itself does feel like a fun way to experience a buffet — and I do love food games. Crafting the menu items, taking chances at claw machines, and complaining to the staff all makes for a great experience.
Though I really enjoyed the game, the box the game came in was a bit… weird. As there are so many different components, all of various sizes, the box had a 3D printed divider that everything slotted nicely into. This seemed super awesome — but the cards itself don't actually stay within the divider and instead get stuck below it. I found that moving the pieces around in this divider was also not the best. It needs to be sort of attached to the box — or have a shelf at the bottom keeping things in. I do hope they fix that in the full additions of the game.
The manual to explain such a complex game is well written, though I wish it specified if cards should be placed face up or face down, as the first time reading through the instructions can be confusing. Once you figure it out though, it's pretty straight forward.
The claw machine has so many lose cards, it's pretty dang realistic, and that is something I very much appreciate. One of the three shrimp cards can also give you food poisoning, which again, is great attention to detail. Scoffton really does stay as close as it can to the theming of the game. Though it's not a game I would be bringing around in my bag, it's definitely a game I will be playing again.
A copy of Scoffton was provided for review purposes. You can find out more about it on their Kickstarter.


We are proud to carry one of the largest collections of Amish handcrafted armoires ever assembled! We offer an array of styles and sizes, from many different collections, so you can get just the right piece to incorporate into your unique space. Each wardrobe armoire is made to order, with many different solid wood and stain combinations. With so many different options, there will not be a bedroom you can't decorate with one of these gorgeous store pieces.
While not all armoires will have the same style or dimensions, there are a couple of features that will make your new piece a versatile centerpiece to your storage decor! Not only are their styles different, but the names they are called differ too. Many people may refer to them as a wardrobe or chiffonier, in addition to armoire - but the concept is always generally the same. Most armoires feature two or three spacious drawers that will house your clothes, linens, and other necessities - perfect as extra storage for less frequently used items as well. The top cabinet typically offers a variety of different layouts, from the clothes rod for hanging your favorite garments or adjustable shelves for folded items, to the TV swivel, cable box space, pocket doors and a knockout back to create a beautiful entertainment armoire, right in your bedroom.
Each and every armoire that we offer is painstakingly handcrafted, piece by piece. The finished result is a wardrobe that will serve as an extension of your closet to store folded and hanging clothes alike. You can rest assured that every detail of your solid wood wardrobe was developed and inspected by a world-class craftsman. Our craftsmen have a reputation to uphold, and treat each and every armoire they produce as a way to display the very highest standards of craftsmanship the Amish are known for!
An investment in Amish Bedroom Furniture, is an investment in America! When you buy American, your money is then re-invested further into American grocers, farmers, doctors, etc...This effect is known as the multiplier effect. Keep your money in-house and help us support the American economy!
Additionally, American made products offer American integrity, which, quite frankly, is often lacking in mass-produced foreign imports!
DutchCrafters Armoires are a rock solid investment. Built to heirloom quality standards, you can count on your American-made Armoire serving you and your family for generations. Constructed from 100% solid hardwoods and superior hardware, our Armoires are strong, durable, and, of course, beautiful. You will never have to purchase another Armoire again! See all of our beautiful Amish Bedroom Furniture and build the set of your dreams!
For the convenience of our customers, DutchCrafters has on-call Amish furniture specialists available by phone, to answer any questions. Feel free to call during our normal business operating hours, and our furniture specialists will gladly go the extra mile to assist you in developing your dream Armoire. The call is toll-free! 1-866-272-6773.


If you are one of the people how is looking to get house removals or dismantling services for your home in the Watford then the Watford removals are ideal for you. We specialize in the dismantling services which can be helpful in moving your household and offices items from one place to another. We have specialized teams of workers who will carefully dismantle your house and offices furniture and fixture for the purpose of moving them to a new location.
The workers will pack and insulate your previous items to avoid them from getting damaged during the transit. Our team members will also reassemble the items in the same way they were before which will let the viewer think that the item was never dismantled.
Watford Removals also offer the house removals services where are our team members carefully pack your household and offices items for the purpose of taking them to a new location. Our team members will provide packaging as well as carriage to move the cartons to new location.
Watford removals also provide the handy man services to our customers where you may get any kind of item fixed and repaired. We have specialized team of workers of every field who will make sure that your broken item is repaired and works in the same way as it was before.


A PEG tube is a flexible feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall and into the stomach. A PEG tube is often needed for patients with severe neurologic damage, certain cancers, swallowing disorders that impair their ability to eat or drink normally. During this procedure a doctor will pass a flexible tube through the mouth and guide it down through to the stomach. The light at the tip of the endoscope allows for the doctor to appropriately guide the PEG tube into the stomach.
After the procedure the patient and any care-takers will have training on how to administer artificial feeds through the PEG tube. Careful attention and proper care of the PEG tube is necessary to prevent infections, pulling, and clogging of the tube. A light dressing will be applied around the PEG tube side and changed daily.


Fairness for contract faculty means job security, fair pay, and benefits!
All contract faculty deserve job security, fair pay, and benefits. It's time to deliver fairness for contract faculty and hire more full-time tenure-stream faculty. Together we can support good jobs on our campus. Join a movement of students, staff, faculty, and community members advocating for fairness for contract faculty and good jobs! Show your support and sign the petition today.


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Watch: Pearl Jam discuss their career, new album for two hours with Judd Apatow, Carrie Brownstein
October 8, 2013 | 3:21pm ET
Pearl Jam chose a different approach in promoting their forthcoming LP, Lightning Bolt. Rather than take part in a tedious press junket, the band had a few of their closest friends interview them. These discussions with filmmaker Judd Apatow, Wild Flag member and Portlandia star Carrie Brownstein, four-time world champion surfer Mark Richards, and former NFL player Steve Gleason were featured in a recent short film chronicling the making of Lightning Bolt. Now, all four interviews have been shared in their entirety.
You can watch Brownstein's interview with the band at IFC's Facebook page, while the other three are embedded below. The conversation with Gleason was part of a story aired by ESPN, which focused on Gleason's battle with ALS and his relationship with the band. In all, it's over two hours of interview footage.
Lightning Bolt arrives October 15th via Monkeywrench/Republic. Stream it now.
Interview with Apatow:
Interview with Richards:
Interview with Gleason:
Soft Cell Reunite for First Album in 20 Years
Dawes Announce Fall 2021 Tour Dates
The Black Keys Announce New Blues Covers Album Delta Kream
Eddie Fu	April 13, 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tom Curry nabs Politico.com's first slot in The nation's cartoonists on the week in politics.
Gazette political cartoon by Tom Curry has once again been chosen by Politico.com as one of the best in the nation. On October 13, the political news website choose Curry's single-frame artistic commentary on the Environmental Protection Agency as its lead cartoon. Other outlets whose work made the cut last week were the Washington Post (number 7) and The Economist (number 8).


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Vietnam veteran, who is Buddhist monk to speak in Walpole
By Keith Ferguson, Daily News Transcript, Oct 14, 2007
Walpole, MA (USA) -- Claude Anshin Thomas wears so many hats he could fill a walk-in closet with them when he goes to sleep at night.
He is a Buddhist monk and a Vietnam veteran, a musician and a best-selling author, a Shaolin kung fu marital artist and an activist, a Zen philosopher and a colloquial conversationalist.
With such an impressive wardrobe of headwear, he's sure to be an excellent speaker when he is presented to Walpole as the Peace and Justice's October speaker.
Thomas will make a stop at the Walpole Library as a part of a speaking tour which has spanned Europe and America. His speech will be about ending war and living peace.
Current events will be discussed spanning conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and Darfur as well as street violence in nearby Dorchester. Thomas says he will demonstrate the personal routes of war and show how the violence works and why people make the decisions they do. He also plans to discuss "collective conscience" and the culture of war.
Thomas said he does not want to politicize the event but would rather look to "personal ownership" and the responsibility everyone must take.
Thomas' personal experience with war and violence will also play a major role in his speech. "I was setup to make the choices I made," he said on the phone from Pensacola, Fla.
After graduating high school in a small town in Pennsylvania, Thomas, 17, was eager to join the Army and enter the Vietnam War.
"I had been fed the glory of war my whole life," Thomas said, from his relatives, competitive sports and Hollywood.
He quickly realized he had gotten himself into a lot more than he expected as he stepped off the plane in Vietnam.
"This wasn't an Audie Murphy film, it was the real deal, and I was scared," said Thomas, but he couldn't show he was scared, because "that wasn't cool."
He served in Vietnam for a year as a helicopter crew chief, was wounded and was shot down five times.
After being honorably discharged, Thomas said he didn't immediately have the luxury to begin to ask too many questions. "This was a process for me," he said. Thomas began to think that war is not inevitable and violence is never a viable solution.
"In truth," he said "it's just not a solution ever."
"The groundwork had been laid for that transition to talk peace," said Thomas.
In the early '80s, Thomas found himself in a drug and alcohol treatment center in New Hampshire. He says that is where he began to experience life directly for the first time. The facility gave him a sense of inter-connectedness that previously eluded him, he said.
A counselor advised him to attend a retreat led by a Buddhist monk. Thomas was hesitant at first because he didn't see any solutions in organized religion, but he soon found out he was wrong. "It just made absolute sense to me," Thomas said, "like I had known this all along."
"From there, I just kept making the next step." Before Thomas knew it, a four week retreat turned into a three-year stay in a Vietnamese monastery in southern France. "I just kept doing the next thing that was presented to do. That contributed in saving my life."
In 1995, Thomas was ordained a Zen priest in New York.
"One of the things I experienced was a sense of belonging or ownership," he said.
Thomas returned to Vietnam for a peace walk where he was forced to battle many emotions. "I had a special right to be in Vietnam," he said. "I left blood there. I fought there."
Issues were brought up concerning the Vietnam War that he was previously unaware of, like how South Vietnamese soldiers (who would often fly with Thomas) when asked to do dangerous tasks, would pretend to be unable to speak English even though many were trained in the United States.
Today, along with public speaking, Thomas conducts extensive peace walks around the globe. He is the founder of the Zaltho Foundation (www.zaltho.org), a nonprofit organization with the purpose of promoting peace among individuals, families, societies and countries.
He is also the author of "At Hell's Gate," a best-selling memoir chronicling his transformation from solider to a life of peace.


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The severity of a tumor located within the brain doesn't need any explanation — it is life threatening. When a tumor is found and can be removed, we perform what is called a craniotomy. A craniotomy is surgery where we remove a portion of the skull to gain access to the brain. Surgery is usually the most effective way to treat brain tumors, no matter if they are benign or malignant.
There are no direct causal links to why a person develops a brain tumor, and there are only a few known risk factors. One is children who receive radiation to the head have a higher risk of developing brain tumors as adults, as do people with rare genetic conditions. Age is another risk factor — people over 65 develop brain tumors at a rate four times higher than younger people.
A primary brain tumor is one that originates in the brain, but not all primary brain tumors are cancerous. Benign tumors are not aggressive and normally don't spread, but they are still serious and can be life threatening, depending on their size and location in the brain.
Symptoms of a brain tumor vary according to the type of tumor and location. Because different areas of the brain control different functions of the body, the tumor location will affect the symptoms.
A common initial symptom of a brain tumor is headaches that don't respond to the usual headache treatments. Still, most headaches are not a sign of a tumor.
Weakness is one part of the body.
At Texas Neurosurgery we diagnose, and if possible, perform neurosurgery to remove brain tumors. During diagnosis, we ask questions about your symptoms and your family history, and then perform a physical exam. This includes a neurological exam.
If we suspect a tumor, we will advance to one or all of these tests: imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs; or angiograms or MRAs, which involve the use of dye and x-rays of blood vessels in the brain. We may also take a biopsy.
If you have any of the above symptoms, please come see us at Texas Neurosurgery. Call us 214-823-2052.


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Person arrested after trying to cross security barrier next to White House
The Secret Service said they were 'immediately apprehended' and taken into custody.
A fence stands in front of the White House at dusk, Thursday, June 6, 2019, in Washington. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky)
Author: Samantha Kubota
WASHINGTON -- Secret Service agents arrested someone who tried to cross a security barrier next to the White House on Friday night.
Officials said it happened on the northwest side of the Treasury Building fence along Pennsylvania Avenue at about 9:10 p.m.
The person tried to cross the security barrier and was "immediately apprehended."
Officials did not release the identity of the suspect but said they are being charged with assault on a police officer and unlawful entry.
Mason Brayman, the assistant special agent in charge for the U.S. Secret Service, said there was no impact to the White House Security operations.
The White House did not immediately issue a comment, and it was unclear if President Donald Trump was in the building at the time. It did appear he was in Washington D.C. at the White House as late as Friday afternoon. He spoke at 3:30 ET from the Rose Garden on expanding healthcare options for small businesses and workers.
President Donald Trump speaks in the Rose Garden of the White House, Friday, June 14, 2019, in Washington. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)
RELATED: Construction to begin soon on taller White House fence
This is not the first time someone has tried to gain entry to the White House by scaling a fence. In fact, in recent years it has become such an issue, the Secret Service is planning a $64 million construction project to almost double the White House fence's current height. It will eventually be a 13-foot, 1-inch (3.96-meter) fence with wider and stronger pickets. The existing fence stands about 6-feet, 6 inches (1.83-meters) tall.
Active construction, once it begins in the summer, is expected to continue into 2021, the Secret Service said earlier this month.
RELATED: Man sets himself on fire next to the White House
In 2014, a man from Texas with a knife climbed the fence, ran across the North Lawn and got into the White House. After that, security put another, shorter fence made of metal bike racks in front of the first actual fence, so jumpers would need to get over two barriers instead of one.
In 2015, they added the "anti-climb" sharp metal points on top of the existing fence to make it harder to scale, and then restricted access to sidewalks and certain areas south of the White House in 2017 after Trump took office and a man from California with mace got onto the grounds. Previous reporting shows he wandered around for 17 minutes before Secret Service officers found him. The president was at the White House at the time of that incident.


Our associates (staff) and volunteers assist in providing a variety of services that meet the needs of our Wheaton Franciscan/Our Lady of the Angels (OLA) community, as well as our global/cosmic community. Our Commitment reminds all who work for, volunteer at, or represent Our Lady of the Angels, of our promise to live the values of respect, compassion, integrity, professionalism, and collaboration in all our daily interactions.
The Wheaton Franciscans are an equal opportunity employer with staff members (associates) serving in various capacities including nursing, maintenance, office and professional administration, finance, and more. When we do have staff openings, we are looking for individuals with a passion for service and a commitment to our values.
Volunteering, in any capacity, is a way for a person to give back and to connect more deeply with the community. The truly meaningful rewards of volunteering are not always tangible, although they are always significant. Together, we can make a difference for the people we serve.
The Wheaton Franciscans are committed to sharing the Franciscan story. Exploring the Franciscan Way of Life is a two-year program open to people of all faiths who want to learn more about Franciscan Spirituality and how to integrate Franciscan values into daily life.


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Automata theory
Classes of automata
(Clicking on each layer gets an article on that subject)
The study of the mathematical properties of such automata is automata theory. The picture is a visualization of an automaton that recognizes strings containing an even number of 0s. The automaton starts in state S1, and transitions to the non-accepting state S2 upon reading the symbol 0. Reading another 0 causes the automaton to transition back to the accepting state S1. In both states the symbol 1 is ignored by making a transition to the current state.
Automata theory is the study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them. It is a theory in theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics (a subject of study in both mathematics and computer science). The word automata (the plural of automaton) comes from the Greek word αὐτόματα, which means "self-acting".
The figure at right illustrates a finite-state machine, which belongs to a well-known type of automaton. This automaton consists of states (represented in the figure by circles) and transitions (represented by arrows). As the automaton sees a symbol of input, it makes a transition (or jump) to another state, according to its transition function, which takes the current state and the recent symbol as its inputs.
Automata theory is closely related to formal language theory. An automaton is a finite representation of a formal language that may be an infinite set. Automata are often classified by the class of formal languages they can recognize, typically illustrated by the Chomsky hierarchy, which describes the relations between various languages and kinds of formalized logics.
Automata play a major role in theory of computation, compiler construction, artificial intelligence, parsing and formal verification.
1 Automata
1.1 Very informal description
1.2 Informal description
1.3 Formal definition
1.3.1 definition of finite state automata
2 Variant definitions of automata
3 Classes of automata
3.1 Discrete, continuous, and hybrid automata
4 Hierarchy in terms of powers
6 Automata simulators
7 Connection to category theory
Automata[edit]
Following is an introductory definition of one type of automaton, which attempts to help one grasp the essential concepts involved in automata theory/theories.
Very informal description[edit]
An automaton is a construct made of states designed to determine if the input should be accepted or rejected. It looks a lot like a basic board game where each space on the board represents a state. Each state has information about what to do when an input is received by the machine (again, rather like what to do when you land on the Jail spot in a popular board game). As the machine receives a new input, it looks at the state and picks a new spot based on the information on what to do when it receives that input at that state. When there are no more inputs, the automaton stops and the space it is on when it completes determines whether the automaton accepts or rejects that particular set of inputs.
Informal description[edit]
An automaton runs when it is given some sequence of inputs in discrete (individual) time steps or steps. An automaton processes one input picked from a set of symbols or letters, which is called an alphabet. The symbols received by the automaton as input at any step are a finite sequence of symbols called words. An automaton has a finite set of states. At each moment during a run of the automaton, the automaton is in one of its states. When the automaton receives new input it moves to another state (or transitions) based on a function that takes the current state and symbol as parameters. This function is called the transition function. The automaton reads the symbols of the input word one after another and transitions from state to state according to the transition function until the word is read completely. Once the input word has been read, the automaton is said to have stopped. The state at which the automaton stops is called the final state. Depending on the final state, it's said that the automaton either accepts or rejects an input word. There is a subset of states of the automaton, which is defined as the set of accepting states. If the final state is an accepting state, then the automaton accepts the word. Otherwise, the word is rejected. The set of all the words accepted by an automaton is called the language recognized by the automaton.
In short, an automaton is a mathematical object that takes a word as input and decides whether to accept it or reject it. Since all computational problems are reducible into the accept/reject question on inputs, (all problem instances can be represented in a finite length of symbols)[citation needed], automata theory plays a crucial role in computational theory.
Formal definition[edit]
definition of finite state automata[edit]
A deterministic finite automaton is represented formally by a 5-tuple <Q, Σ, δ,q0,F>, where:
Q is a finite set of states.
Σ is a finite set of symbols, called the alphabet of the automaton.
δ is the transition function, that is, δ: Q × Σ → Q.
q0 is the start state, that is, the state of the automaton before any input has been processed, where q0∈ Q.
F is a set of states of Q (i.e. F⊆Q) called accept states.
Input word
An automaton reads a finite string of symbols a1,a2,...., an , where ai ∈ Σ, which is called an input word. The set of all words is denoted by Σ*.
A sequence of states q0,q1,q2,...., qn, where qi ∈ Q such that q0 is the start state and qi = δ(qi-1,ai) for 0 < i ≤ n, is a run of the automaton on an input word w = a1,a2,...., an ∈ Σ*. In other words, at first the automaton is at the start state q0, and then the automaton reads symbols of the input word in sequence. When the automaton reads symbol ai it jumps to state qi = δ(qi-1,ai). qn is said to be the final state of the run.
Accepting word
A word w ∈ Σ* is accepted by the automaton if qn ∈ F.
Recognized language
An automaton can recognize a formal language. The language L ⊆ Σ* recognized by an automaton is the set of all the words that are accepted by the automaton.
Recognizable languages
The recognizable languages are the set of languages that are recognized by some automaton. For the above definition of automata the recognizable languages are regular languages. For different definitions of automata, the recognizable languages are different.
Variant definitions of automata[edit]
Automata are defined to study useful machines under mathematical formalism. So, the definition of an automaton is open to variations according to the "real world machine", which we want to model using the automaton. People have studied many variations of automata. The most standard variant, which is described above, is called a deterministic finite automaton. The following are some popular variations in the definition of different components of automata.
Finite input: An automaton that accepts only finite sequence of symbols. The above introductory definition only encompasses finite words.
Infinite input: An automaton that accepts infinite words (ω-words). Such automata are called ω-automata.
Tree word input: The input may be a tree of symbols instead of sequence of symbols. In this case after reading each symbol, the automaton reads all the successor symbols in the input tree. It is said that the automaton makes one copy of itself for each successor and each such copy starts running on one of the successor symbols from the state according to the transition relation of the automaton. Such an automaton is called a tree automaton.
Infinite tree input : The two extensions above can be combined, so the automaton reads a tree structure with (in)finite branches. Such an automaton is called an infinite tree automaton
Finite states: An automaton that contains only a finite number of states. The above introductory definition describes automata with finite numbers of states.
Infinite states: An automaton that may not have a finite number of states, or even a countable number of states. For example, the quantum finite automaton or topological automaton has uncountable infinity of states.
Stack memory: An automaton may also contain some extra memory in the form of a stack in which symbols can be pushed and popped. This kind of automaton is called a pushdown automaton
Transition function
Deterministic: For a given current state and an input symbol, if an automaton can only jump to one and only one state then it is a deterministic automaton.
Nondeterministic: An automaton that, after reading an input symbol, may jump into any of a number of states, as licensed by its transition relation. Notice that the term transition function is replaced by transition relation: The automaton non-deterministically decides to jump into one of the allowed choices. Such automata are called nondeterministic automata.
Alternation: This idea is quite similar to tree automaton, but orthogonal. The automaton may run its multiple copies on the same next read symbol. Such automata are called alternating automata. Acceptance condition must satisfy all runs of such copies to accept the input.
Acceptance condition
Acceptance of finite words: Same as described in the informal definition above.
Acceptance of infinite words: an omega automaton cannot have final states, as infinite words never terminate. Rather, acceptance of the word is decided by looking at the infinite sequence of visited states during the run.
Probabilistic acceptance: An automaton need not strictly accept or reject an input. It may accept the input with some probability between zero and one. For example, quantum finite automaton, geometric automaton and metric automaton have probabilistic acceptance.
Different combinations of the above variations produce many classes of automaton.
Automata theory is a subject matter that studies properties of various types of automata. For example, the following questions are studied about a given type of automata.
Which class of formal languages is recognizable by some type of automata? (Recognizable languages)
Are certain automata closed under union, intersection, or complementation of formal languages? (Closure properties)
How expressive is a type of automata in terms of recognizing a class of formal languages? And, their relative expressive power? (Language hierarchy)
Automata theory also studies the existence or nonexistence of any effective algorithms to solve problems similar to the following list:
Does an automaton accept any input word? (Emptiness checking)
Is it possible to transform a given non-deterministic automaton into deterministic automaton without changing the recognizable language? (Determinization)
For a given formal language, what is the smallest automaton that recognizes it? (Minimization)
Classes of automata[edit]
The following is an incomplete list of types of automata.
Recognizable language
Nondeterministic/Deterministic Finite state machine (FSM) regular languages
Deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA) deterministic context-free languages
Pushdown automaton (PDA) context-free languages
Linear bounded automaton (LBA) context-sensitive languages
Turing machine recursively enumerable languages
Deterministic Büchi automaton ω-limit languages
Nondeterministic Büchi automaton ω-regular languages
Rabin automaton, Streett automaton, Parity automaton, Muller automaton ω-regular languages
Discrete, continuous, and hybrid automata[edit]
Normally automata theory describes the states of abstract machines but there are analog automata or continuous automata or hybrid discrete-continuous automata, which use analog data, continuous time, or both.
Hierarchy in terms of powers[edit]
The following is an incomplete hierarchy in terms of powers of different types of virtual machines. The hierarchy reflects the nested categories of languages the machines are able to accept.[1]
Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) -- Lowest Power
(same power) | | {\displaystyle ||} (same power)
Nondeterministic Finite Automaton (NFA)
(above is weaker) ∩ {\displaystyle \cap } (below is stronger)
Deterministic Push Down Automaton (DPDA-I)
with 1 push-down store
∩ {\displaystyle \cap }
Nondeterministic Push Down Automaton (NPDA-I)
Linear Bounded Automaton (LBA)
Deterministic Push Down Automaton (DPDA-II)
with 2 push-down stores
| | {\displaystyle ||}
Nondeterministic Push Down Automaton (NPDA-II)
Deterministic Turing Machine (DTM)
Nondeterministic Turing Machine (NTM)
Probabilistic Turing Machine (PTM)
Multitape Turing Machine (MTM)
Multidimensional Turing Machine
Each model in automata theory plays important roles in several applied areas. Finite automata are used in text processing, compilers, and hardware design. Context-free grammar (CFGs) are used in programming languages and artificial intelligence. Originally, CFGs were used in the study of the human languages. Cellular automata are used in the field of biology, the most common example being John Conway's Game of Life. Some other examples which could be explained using automata theory in biology include mollusk and pine cones growth and pigmentation patterns. Going further, a theory suggesting that the whole universe is computed by some sort of a discrete automaton, is advocated by some scientists. The idea originated in the work of Konrad Zuse, and was popularized in America by Edward Fredkin. Automata also appear in the theory of finite fields: the set of irreducible polynomials which can be written as composition of degree two polynomials is in fact a regular language.[2]
Automata simulators[edit]
Automata simulators are pedagogical tools used to teach, learn and research automata theory. An automata simulator takes as input the description of an automaton and then simulates its working for an arbitrary input string. The description of the automaton can be entered in several ways. An automaton can be defined in a symbolic language or its specification may be entered in a predesigned form or its transition diagram may be drawn by clicking and dragging the mouse. Well known automata simulators include Turing's World, JFLAP, VAS, TAGS and SimStudio.[3]
Connection to category theory[edit]
One can define several distinct categories of automata[4] following the automata classification into different types described in the previous section. The mathematical category of deterministic automata, sequential machines or sequential automata, and Turing machines with automata homomorphisms defining the arrows between automata is a Cartesian closed category,[5][6] it has both categorical limits and colimits. An automata homomorphism maps a quintuple of an automaton Ai onto the quintuple of another automaton Aj.[7] Automata homomorphisms can also be considered as automata transformations or as semigroup homomorphisms, when the state space, S, of the automaton is defined as a semigroup Sg. Monoids are also considered as a suitable setting for automata in monoidal categories.[8][9][10]
Categories of variable automata
One could also define a variable automaton, in the sense of Norbert Wiener in his book on The Human Use of Human Beings via the endomorphisms A i → A i {\displaystyle A_{i}\to A_{i}} . Then, one can show that such variable automata homomorphisms form a mathematical group. In the case of non-deterministic, or other complex kinds of automata, the latter set of endomorphisms may become, however, a variable automaton groupoid. Therefore, in the most general case, categories of variable automata of any kind are categories of groupoids or groupoid categories. Moreover, the category of reversible automata is then a 2-category, and also a subcategory of the 2-category of groupoids, or the groupoid category.
Boolean differential calculus
^ Yan, Song Y. (1998). An Introduction to Formal Languages and Machine Computation. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. pp. 155–156. ISBN 9789810234225.
^ Ferraguti, A.; Micheli, G.; Schnyder, R. (2018), Irreducible compositions of degree two polynomials over finite fields have regular structure, The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, 69 (3), Oxford University Press, pp. 1089–1099, arXiv:1701.06040, doi:10.1093/qmath/hay015
^ Chakraborty, P., Saxena, P. C., Katti, C. P. 2011. Fifty Years of Automata Simulation: A Review. ACM Inroads, 2(4):59–70. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2038893&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=65021406&CFTOKEN=86634854
^ Jirí Adámek and Vera Trnková. 1990. Automata and Algebras in Categories. Kluwer Academic Publishers:Dordrecht and Prague
^ S. Mac Lane, Categories for the Working Mathematician, Springer, New York (1971)
^ Cartesian closed category Archived November 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ The Category of Automata Archived September 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ http://www.math.cornell.edu/~worthing/asl2010.pdf James Worthington.2010.Determinizing, Forgetting, and Automata in Monoidal Categories. ASL North American Annual Meeting, March 17, 2010
^ Aguiar, M. and Mahajan, S.2010. "Monoidal Functors, Species, and Hopf Algebras".
^ Meseguer, J., Montanari, U.: 1990 Petri nets are monoids. Information and Computation 88:105–155
John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani, Jeffrey D. Ullman (2000). Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (2nd Edition). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-201-44124-6. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Michael Sipser (1997). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-94728-6. Part One: Automata and Languages, chapters 1–2, pp. 29–122. Section 4.1: Decidable Languages, pp. 152–159. Section 5.1: Undecidable Problems from Language Theory, pp. 172–183.
Elaine Rich (2008). Automata, Computability and Complexity: Theory and Applications. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-228806-4.
Salomaa, Arto (1985). Computation and automata. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications. 25. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-30245-6. Zbl 0565.68046.
Anderson, James A. (2006). Automata theory with modern applications. With contributions by Tom Head. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61324-8. Zbl 1127.68049.
Conway, J.H. (1971). Regular algebra and finite machines. Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series. London: Chapman & Hall. Zbl 0231.94041.
Sakarovitch, Jacques (2009). Elements of automata theory. Translated from the French by Reuben Thomas. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84425-3. Zbl 1188.68177.
James P. Schmeiser, David T. Barnard (1995). Producing a top-down parse order with bottom-up parsing. Elsevier North-Holland. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Igor Aleksander, F.Keith Hanna (1975). Automata Theory : An Engineering Approach. New York: Crane Russak. ISBN 978-0-8448-0657-0. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Marvin Minsky (1967). Computation : Finite and infinite machines. Princeton, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
John C. Martin (2011). Introduction to Languages and The Theory of Computation. New York, NY 10020: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-319146-1.
Visual Automata Simulator, A tool for simulating, visualizing and transforming finite state automata and Turing Machines, by Jean Bovet
JFLAP
dk.brics.automaton
libfa
Automata theory: formal languages and formal grammars
Chomsky hierarchy Grammars Languages Abstract machines
Unrestricted
(no common name)
Context-sensitive
Positive range concatenation
Linear context-free rewriting systems
Tree-adjoining
Context-free
Deterministic context-free
Visibly pushdown
Non-recursive
Recursively enumerable
Decidable
Positive range concatenation*
Indexed*
Linear context-free rewriting language
Star-free
Linear-bounded
PTIME Turing Machine
Nested stack
Thread automaton
restricted Tree stack automaton
Embedded pushdown
Nondeterministic pushdown
Deterministic pushdown
Counter-free (with aperiodic finite monoid)
Acyclic finite
Each category of languages, except those marked by a *, is a proper subset of the category directly above it. Any language in each category is generated by a grammar and by an automaton in the category in the same line.
Note: This template roughly follows the 2012 ACM Computing Classification System.
Very Large Scale Integration
Systems on Chip (SoCs)
Energy consumption (Green computing)
Hardware acceleration
Real-time computing
Network protocol
Network scheduler
Network performance evaluation
Software organization
Software notations
Programming paradigm
Domain-specific language
Modeling language
Software framework
Integrated development environment
Software configuration management
Software repository
Software development process
Requirements analysis
Software construction
Programming team
Open-source model
Model of computation
Computational complexity theory
Algorithm design
Algorithmic efficiency
Randomized algorithm
Computational geometry
of computing
Mathematical software
Information storage systems
Enterprise information system
Social information systems
Process control system
Multimedia information system
Computing platform
Hardware security
Human–computer
Concurrent computing
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Control method
Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Distributed artificial intelligence
Unsupervised learning
Multi-task learning
Cross-validation
Solid modeling
Electronic voting
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automata_theory&oldid=895602771"
Automata (computation)
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter


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text:
The Town of St Jean D'Aulps
valleedaulps
The Resort of st Jean d'Aulps
SeeMorzine.com
The Lift out of St Jean D'Aupls
St Jean d'Aulps Resort & Town
St Jean d'Aulps Ski Station
Saint Jean d'Aulps
Town between Morzine & Lac Leman on the edge of the Portes du Soleil
| Updated 3 April 2020 03/04/2020
St Jean D'Aulps is a quiet town that lies further down the valley below Morzine on the way to Thonon and Lac Leman (Lake Geneva).
The town and ski area are separated from each other by nearly four kilometres and the rest of the Portes du Soleil by quite a bit more. Although the St Jean d'Aulps ski area is included in the Portes du Soleil it isn't actually connected to it by any lifts. La Grande Terche ski area is a separate sector under the shadow of the Roc d'Enfer. It is always quiet here even during the busy high season and, although it is a 20-minute drive from Morzine to La Grande Terche, it is worth making a trip down here once in a while as there is free parking and open, empty slopes.
Few holiday tour operators work out of St Jean as it is quite dislocated from the rest of the Portes du Soleil but it is a popular destination for people who moved out to the mountains long term as property prices here are significantly lower than in Morzine.
Nightlife in St Jean d'Aulps
The town of St Jean d'Aulps itself has a popular bar with Brits: Le National or "Nash" as it's locally known. The bar has some pool tables and is a friendly place for a drink but the main reason to visit Bar Nash are the pizzas which are some of the best in the valley.
Find Bars
Nightlife in Morzine


text:
HomeSportsChildhood trauma may be linked to civic environmental engagement later in life:...
Childhood trauma may be linked to civic environmental engagement later in life: Study
According to new research published in Scientific Reports, childhood trauma might lead an individual to volunteer, donate money, or contact their elected officials about environmental issues later in life.
The CU Boulder and Loyola University study is one of the first in the U.S. to associate childhood trauma and public, civic environmental engagement in adulthood. It also found that, in addition to people who experienced childhood trauma, those who traveled and had experiences in nature as children were also more likely to report engaging in private "green behavior" as adults, such as recycling, driving or flying less, and taking shorter showers.
ALSO READ: How to get emotionally unstuck: Expert shares tips
"We set out to explore reasons or motivations why someone would get environmentally engaged versus not and experiencing childhood trauma emerged as a really powerful motivator," said lead author Urooj Raja, who earned her doctorate in environmental studies at CU Boulder in 2021.
As part of Raja's doctoral work, the researchers conducted a survey in 2020 using a nationally representative sample of about 450 U.S. adults to examine two types of environmental engagement. Public, civic engagement was measured in hours per month devoted to an environmental protection cause, such as writing letters to elected officials or donating time and resources to an organization. Private, green behavior was defined as self-reported actions adopted by individuals or households to reduce their environmental impact.
Previous research has shown that people who experience natural disasters as children are more likely to get involved in environmental causes, but these new findings show that childhood trauma of any kind is associated with increased interest in both private and public environment engagement as an adult. This indicates there may be something about a formative, negative experience that drives individuals to engage on a public or policy level with environmental issues, instead of only practicing green behavior.
"It suggests that there could be another way of looking at trauma," said Raja, now an assistant professor in the School of Communication at Loyola University Chicago.
While the researchers can't say exactly why experiencing traumatic events earlier in life boosts the likelihood of getting publicly involved in environmental issues, they note that previous research has associated trauma with a strong sense of empathy, and empathy with green behavior.
It could also partly be a coping mechanism, to attempt to keep bad things from happening to other people or living things, said Raja.
Drivers of environmental engagement
Research in this area has often examined disengagement–the reasons why people don't act on pressing environmental issues. Raja's team wanted to know: What drives those who do engage?
First, Raja interviewed 33 people who are highly engaged in environmental issues. She discovered that many had experienced some kind of childhood trauma.
"It emerged as a very powerful piece of why people wanted to and became engaged with environmental work," said Raja.
Second, they gathered survey data from about 450 U.S. adults who self-reported that they spent five hours or more in the past month working on environmental issues. They answered a series of questions about themselves, including their current civic engagement and green behavior, formative childhood experiences (gardening, swimming in a lake or going on a hike in the woods for the first time), and traumatic experiences in childhood (living in poverty or experiencing hunger, not having a safe home environment, losing a parent or sibling, dealing with health issues, or enduring sexual harassment, assault or bullying).
The data revealed that childhood experiences in nature, travel and trauma were all predictors of private, green behavior later in life. However, only childhood trauma was also significantly associated with public, civic engagement. Trauma also had the largest impact on predicting green behavior, compared to other formative life experiences.
Studies in decades past–including work by Louise Chawla, professor emerita in the Program in Environmental Design–have found a strong link between childhood travel and experiences in nature and pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors later in life. The new survey confirms that these types of childhood experiences still predict green behavior for adults today.
"This is another data point that supports the value of creating opportunities for people to connect with nature, and the importance of those experiences for cultivating a society that protects the natural resources that we all depend on," said Amanda Carrico, co-author of the new study and associate professor in the Department of Environmental Studies at CU Boulder.
A need for more resources and support
Carrico, who is trained as an environmental psychologist and teaches courses on climate change, has noticed that many students and professionals in the field struggle not only with the weight of their work, but also with the experiences that may have led them to it.
"It's emotionally intense and exhausting," said Carrico, noting that those who work on mitigating climate change are also often part of communities directly affected by its growing impacts. "You're talking about a community of people that seem to be carrying other kinds of emotionally complex burdens."
The authors say that the findings only further emphasize the need for people engaged in public-facing or civic environmental work to have access to resources and support.
"People, in their own words, have said that we need better resources," said Raja. "Making the link between adverse childhood experiences and the need for more resources for people that do this type of work is an important first step to making that happen."
This story has been published from a wire agency feed without modifications to the text. Only the headline has been changed.
childhood trauma link
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text:
So far with... Arc browser
Jan 9, 2023 3 min
Arc generates you a "membership card" with a random subtitle. Flattery will get you everywhere...
I started using Arc before Christmas as my default browser. Here's what I've been thinking about it:
Replacing chrome with features
I remember at the launch of Google Chrome, the whole principle was to build a bridge for Google content into the actual "chrome" that surrounded web content.
Arc feels like an effort to dump all the chrome and replace it with features instead. Maybe too many features.
Where should your most useful tools live?
There's a classic question of what the line between a feature and an independent product – see Dropbox as the notorious example.
Arc has a number of "apps" built in as features – most notably a kind of collaborative visual corkboard and a system to write and store notes.
It almost feels like they literally asked: if the core feature is a browser, what are the other verbs you do immediately around a browse. Examples:
browse --> store info you found (corkboard/ notes)
browse --> watch/ listen (media player/ PiP)
browse --> work
The last of these doesn't currently have any features in Arc, other than telling the Chrome to all get out of your way to help you focus.
Browsing and stopping
There are sites you visit again and again, then sites/ searches/ quick reference that passes by on the stream.
Arc's sidebar is fundamentally split between these categories. What's interesting here is it means it's basically your bookmarks and your history. But in a more useful place.
Sidebar life
The fact is: it takes up a lot more space. So it feels really good to turn it off and tell it to auto-hide. BUT, if you do that, things like opening a new tab in the background feel quite unwieldy, or multi-tasking becomes a bit less smooth.
Equally, many web apps are designed with their own sidebars, so something like Asana has painful moments where you can't quickly see which sidebars are open, which are minimised. Do we really want this horizontal hierarchy to continue ad infinitum?
Tail wagging the dog?
Now the real question: when does the BROWSER become the feature in relation to the other functions built in? Does this truly make browsing better? Or does it make the tasks you generally do around browsing better? Which is most important to you?
I suspect the truth is that a lot of making browsing itself better is about getting OUT of the way – this is the direction Safari has taken (sometimes too far.) The best achievement of this in Arc is probably the "mini" browser where you spin up a little instance away from the complex sidebar/space Arc window just for a quick task.
Lessons to steal
When I used the Hey email app, I didn't want to stick with its quite bespoke system, but I found it useful to steal some ideas – particularly the concept of a paper trail folder for receipts, automated emails etc.
With Arc, I feel the lesson may be the same – I could probably use pinned tabs and Tab Groups to achieve a lot of what it's adding to the experience, without being shackled to one company. That's what I'm going to try next.
So far, if you ask that crucial product question of whether I'd be sad to lose it, I think Arc browser has to be a "no" for me. The cost of learning new habits and ways to relate to browsing aren't worth the value of the fairly basic apps it builds into the experience.
There is no "breakthrough" like tabbed browsing or pop-up blocking in Firefox.
There's only bundling.
Anyone interested enough in their systems to learn how to use a new product is very likely to already have their note-taking and similar apps set out. I suspect they are unlikely to want to handcuff them to this browser.
Certainly I think I've learned that I don't.


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text:
Meet Matt Mitchell, the guy in all those 'It's a Southern Thing' videos
Haley Laurence
If you've been on Facebook lately, you've probably seen Matt Mitchell. Not only does he write some of those funny videos you see on the So True, Y'all Facebook Watch page, but he also stars in the Bless Your Rank and Backporch Bickerin' series on It's a Southern Thing.

 We caught up with Matt to talk about his favorite foods, and what it's like working for It's a Southern Thing.

 What's your role on the team?

 I write some of the scripts on our sketch comedy team and help with the pre-production stuff. Sometimes I end up in front of the camera and do a little acting. But that requires me to memorize the lines I just wrote and honestly that's exhausting. On Bless Your Rank we just throw some food on the table and I improvise and get a free meal on the company dime. It really is the best job ever. I also created a card game called "Just Like Mama Used To Say" that I'm very proud of.

(You can get that card game here.)

 Where are you from?

 Born in Birmingham and raised in Dora, Alabama.

 What's your background?

 I graduated from the University of Mobile with a degree in Social Studies and went right to work in the non-profit and public sector. While I was doing some very rewarding and stressful work in adult & child protective services, I started writing. Then people started paying me for it. One thing lead to another and now I'm writing full time and making funny videos on the internet.

 Favorite sketch so far?

 "The unsweetening" will always be special to me since it was the first sketch I helped write, but "Dollar General is out of control" is probably my favorite right now. I loved writing it and acting like a madman who hasn't slept in weeks. It's a very similar experience to having your first child.

 Favorite Southern Food?

 Probably banana pudding. And fried chicken. And low country boil. Is "All of the Above" an option?


text:
Alyssa Morris March/April 2018
Visitors taste whiskey inside of two glass-walled tasting rooms inserted into the 80-year-old barrelhouse. Photo by Andrew Pogue.
The point-supported connections of the glass walls feature steel gusset plates that evoke the existing building's structure. Photo by Andrew Pogue.
The barrelhouse's expansive new event space has hosted corporate events and weddings. Photo by Andrew Pogue.
Clickspring's intervention defers to the original structure, highlighting the heavy wood beams and ricking. A second story houses a private tasting room for single barrel purchases. Photo by Andrew Pogue.
Photo by Andrew Pogue.
People in Nashville still have accents. This is notable only because, in a time when accents are disappearing even from traditionally drawling places like Texas, it is almost startling to be confronted with a true regional twang.
There is a commitment to authenticity in Nashville and its surrounding environs, even if in some ways the ambience might feel more performative than real. The Jack Daniel Distillery and Homeplace is located an hour and a half outside the big city in Lynchburg, in exactly the same place it has been since the 1830s. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Tours pass directly by the spring where all of the water for the brand's whiskey comes from and where Jack Daniel set up his original still. When I visited, my tour group had guests from as far afield as South Africa and New Zealand, all worshipping at the altar of the brand.
It is this growth in tourism and in the worldwide popularity of Jack Daniel's that necessitated a new vision for the Homeplace — one that maintained the authenticity of the experience while providing more space for the ever-increasing numbers of yearly visitors (300,000) making the pilgrimage out to Lynchburg. In reimagining the tour, the question was how to provide visitors with an intimate experience, even as the site itself becomes more of a destination than a distillery.
Clickspring Design, a New York- and Texas-based firm specializing in branded environments and experiential marketing, was brought on to renovate Barrel House 1-14, turning it into a luxe tasting room. Built in 1938, the barrelhouse was previously the distillery's smallest aging facility. The entry has been preserved as a barrelhouse, and as visitors enter, the scent of whiskey permeates the space (thanks to the 1,200 active barrels that remain), providing a toasted ambience.
The entry opens into a tasting room, which is composed of a pair of two-story glass-and-steel volumes that form two classrooms, appropriately called TOAST and CHAR. The glass walls and steel columns allow guests to be enveloped by the original structure of the barrelhouse. The tasting rooms fit seamlessly inside the space, alongside wooden beams and ricking and original concrete floors. The Jack Daniel's Number 7 logo is emblazoned on the walls, lest visitors forget the iconic brand for even a moment. Though barrels line the walls, only a third of them contain whiskey.
Clickspring's path to creating a space that appears to have involved minimal intervention involved some structural work. The glass and steel installation has much less tolerance for movement than the existing structure. Steven Dvorak, the design lead on the project, explains: "A barrel of whiskey weighs a bit over 468 pounds. Multiplied by thousands of barrels, the resulting load put on the structure of a barrelhouse is quite significant. The heavy-timber superstructure of Barrel House 1-14 was designed to move in response to various loading and unloading conditions. Our challenge was to minimize the movement of a structure that was designed to react to changing loads." Post-to-beam connections were reinforced with steel gussets and haunches in order to create a more rigid framework.
Guests gather at the end of the tour in a space where they can sample whiskey together, the culmination of an hour-long trek through the site's actual production facilities. From there, they are funneled into a gift shop. But the combination of the architecture of Barrel House 1-14 and the alcohol is a potent one, and a feeling of warmth overpowers even the tour's more commercial elements.
Alyssa Morris is web editor of Texas Architect.
View all posts by Alyssa


Home > Domino > Setup RFC 822 for outbound SMTP on Domino.
Setup RFC 822 for outbound SMTP on Domino.
You can have Domino add a phrase to the sender's address on outbound SMTP mail and specify the name component to use as the address phrase. By default, addresses do not include phrases. If you choose not to support phrase-style addresses, you can specify that Domino remove any user-added phrases in the recipient fields of outbound messages.
You configure this address format using the "RFC822 phrase handling" field in the Configuration Settings document, under the MIME – Advanced – Advanced Outbound Message Options tab.
The Router adds phrases to Internet addresses both when taking the address from a Person document in the Domino Directory and when constructing the address from rules in the Global domain document.
This setting applies to messages sent over SMTP to another host or exported to the IMAP or POP3 service. It does not apply to messages delivered to mail files on the server or messages transferred over IBM® Lotus® Notes® routing.
Do not add phrase — (Default setting) Outbound mail displays the sending user's RFC 821 address. The Router permits user-defined phrases in recipient addresses.
Use DN as phrase — Constructs an RFC 822-style address using a phrase part derived from the person's hierarchical, distinguished name; for example, John Jones/Sales/ACME <[email protected]>. The Router permits user-defined phrases in recipient addresses.
Use alt. name if available – otherwise DN — If an Alternate name is specified in the user's Person document, constructs an RFC 822-style address using it as the phrase part; otherwise uses the hierarchical, distinguished name; for example, "John Jones/Sales/ACME" <[email protected]>. The Router permits user-defined phrases in recipient addresses.
Remove Phrase – The Router strips user-defined phrases in recipient addresses. Only RFC 821-style addresses are allowed.
Use CN as phrase — Constructs an RFC 822-style address using a phrase part derived from the person's common name; for example, John Jones <[email protected]>. The Router permits user-defined phrases in recipient addresses.
The information above is from the Domino Admin Help.


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This is a repost of my answer to the Quora question: Do a large majority of people hate PHP solely because other people do so?
There are a lot of reasons people "hate" PHP, or at least look down on it. Some of them are founded, some are not, and some of them are circumstantial.
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A lot of the arguments against social recruiting revolve around the large time investment to social strategy and the skepticism of whether or not those hours invested pay off.
It's hard to believe, but 2015 is quickly coming to a close. I imagine you are all busy making plans for the coming year, as we are here at Leoforce—luckily, LinkedIn released their annual global recruiting trends report just in time to help us all solidify our plans. To generate the report, LinkedIn surveyed 3,894 talent acquisition decision makers across the globe, 55 percent of who manage small or mid-sized businesses (SMBs).
If you haven't heard all about how your recruiters and HR department NEED big data, then you must have spent 2015 living under a rock.
Writing a job description can be extremely tedious and frustrating. Crafting a message that engages and relates to your ideal candidate is key.
Looking for mobile Application Development Companies in Riyadh? If yes, FuGenX can help you to fulfil your mobile app dream. FuGenX Technologies is the one of the fastest growing mobile application development companies in Saudi Arabia.
iPhone App Development is pioneer services of satisnet. Our iPhone app Developers served professional and cost-effective services for iPhone App Development,IOS App Development, iPhone Game Development.


Elixir Power Solutions understands the high costs associated with the energy required to run a successful business. Energy deregulation now makes it possible for us to help business owners shop for the best energy prices, which will ultimately improve your bottom line.
Acting as an independent energy brokerage, Elixir Power Solutions has the unique ability to help you acquire the best energy prices without sacrificing quality or efficiency. No longer is your energy bill controlled by your local utility company.
Our experience and expertise allow us to assess all energy suppliers available to you - comparing and contrasting wholesale rates from dozens of suppliers. Not only do we have the connections necessary to make this happen, but we perform these rate comparisons quickly and can offer you a number of competitive offers in one day.
With our help, your EBITDA margins will increase while your predictable operating expenses will decrease, leading to a more profitable business model.
Get to know the team members who are working to bring you the best energy rates possible.
Elixir Power Solutions is here to help small businesses as well as commercial and industrial businesses with their energy needs.
We offer competitively priced plans from providers in all deregulated energy markets across the United States. Find out if you have access to energy choice.
Contact us today to learn how we can help your business with your energy needs.
What is energy deregulation? Before the 1980s, consumers had one choice when it came to their energy supply: their local utility provider. Energy pricing was set by the government. Since the energy market became deregulated in the 80s, pricing is no longer government controlled, and consumers have been able to choose their energy supplier.


Sis says it means Very Big Doily. She also says hers measures 42″ across so I think it's pretty well named! It's also gorgeous! she's been working on it for some time now and I think it was well worth the effort. It's hand-spun and hand dyed yarn as well. I am in total awe of her knitting skills and even more so of her patience! Well, I think my little piece of Pi is kinda cute but it certainly isn't in the same class as this work of art!
Oops! Sis says this one wasn't her handspun. I must have been thinking of her PI!
"I used lace weight yarn from handpainted.com in a color they called Vermillion LC. It was a single ply. I used size 6 needles.
This is what I settled on for the last increase. It's a row from the feather and fan pattern in "Gathering" that I'm also knitting as a table cloth. It fit my stitch count and seems to ahve worked ok.
But if you think you might be interested in seeing our movie debut, the 45 minute DVD is for sale on the web page now, for a modest $19.95 plus shipping.
In case anyone notices that I haven't posted lately, here's why. I've joined a Shetland lace workshop (on-line) and here's my mini Hap Shawl. It fits Margaret just fine, I think! I am weaving, too, but that's a secret yet. It's a Christmas pattern that I'll post as soon as it's done. I hope weaver's will like it.


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Jonas Laurentii Hiortzberg, född den 21 juni 1703 i Husby-Rekarne socken, död den 26 juli 1766 i Kjula socken, var en svensk präst och författare. Han var farfar till Lars Hjortsberg.

Biografi
Hiortzberg, som tillhörde en från Hjortsberga i Kumla utgången prästsläkt, blev student 1721 i Uppsala, där han gjorde sig känd som poet. Han prästvigdes 1729 och blev huspredikant på Edeby i Helgarö. Hiortzberg kom 1735 till Stockholm som komminister i Maria Magdalena församling och gjorde sig känd som framstående predikant och de fattigas outtröttlige hjälpare. Genom hans energi kom Maria fattighus till stånd. År 1747 flyttade Hiortzberg till Kjula för att tillträda tjänsten som kyrkoherde. Han utnämndes 1761 till hedersprost, valdes samma år till riksdagsman och fick plats i sekreta utskottet. Av Hiortzbergs många poetiska arbeten är viktigast I Jesu namn! Then yttersta domen (1734, ett flertal upplagor, sist 1895), ett ståtligt religiöst epos på alexandriner.

Bibliografi

Källor

Svenska prostar
Prästeståndets riksdagsledamöter
Svenska poeter
Svenskspråkiga poeter
Svenska författare under 1700-talet
Svenska politiker under 1700-talet
Personer under frihetstiden
Personer från Husby-Rekarne socken
Födda 1703
Avlidna 1766
Män
Ugglan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Emma Clark is a Spinoff intern.
TVNZ's New Blood competition crowned its winner last month and awarded one team $100,000 to make a web series. Emma Clark talks to Isla Macleod, one half of the winning pair behind Oddly Even, about producing quality content on a non existent budget.


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Q: Add post processing step with VS Code I'm very new to Latex and I'm trying to setup a glossary. I need to execute a post processing step, but I can't find how can I add this command to the compilation using VS Code. The command is:
makeindex -s template.ist -t template.glg -o template.gls template.glo -s "%tm.ist" -t "%tm.glg" -o "%tm.gls" "%tm.glo"

A: *

*Open your settings.json

*Under "latex-workshop.latex.tools" add a new entry with your desired post-processing operation. The arguments and command depend on what you want to do, in my case it's generating a glossary so I just need the following:

        {
            "name": "makeglossaries",
            "command": "makeglossaries",
            "args": [
                "%DOCFILE%"
            ],
            "env": {}
        },

*Under "latex-workshop.latex.recipes" add a new entry. The order of the elements in "tools" is very important. In this case makeglossaries could go after or before bibtex, it doesn't really matter:

        {
            "name": "pdflatex ➞ makeglossaries ➞ bibtex ➞ pdflatex × 2",
            "tools": [
                "pdflatex",
                "makeglossaries",
                "bibtex",
                "pdflatex",
                "pdflatex"
            ]
        },

*Press CTRL+S to save your settings.

*Now press CTRL+SHIFT+P to open the command palette. Search for LaTeX Workshop: Build with recipe and select your recipe. Done.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On the surface, a whole house humidifier might seem like a good thing however it depends on a number of factors you will need to know for your comfort and your home's well-being. Whether its a drum (pictured at the left), by-pass flow through (pictured at the right) or steam models.
In a newly built home, it may not have a whole house humidifier because the home is built tighter than an older home, retaining moisture from showers and cooking. Adding more humidity to to an air-tight home could cause significant damage through high humidity and the promotion of mould growth. In older, drafty homes, cold dry air can leak in creating the need for more humidity.
Maintaining the right humidity level in a home is a balancing act. Too little can dry your skin, make you uncomfortable or cause hardwood flooring to shrink. Too much on the other hand causes condensation & mould to form or wood / damage rot.
In the winter heating season, the relative humidity in your home should not exceed 45%, while 30% or lower may be needed when colder outside to prevent condensation according to Canada Mortgage & Housing (CMHC). So, add humidity where you need it first, not your entire house. Consider room humidifiers first. Most importantly, monitor the humidity in your home with a hygrometer from your local hardware store.


We've made a lot of improvements to our image decompression algorithms over the last few years. This allows Qoppa's PDF libraries and components to open, render and print all types of images (JBIG2, CCIT Fax, JPEG, …) contained in PDF documents very reliably and in a very efficient way.
Unfortunately, there is still a hurdle with JPEG2000 images. Though we are able to render this type of images well, there are some performance issues. Currently (as of v2017R1), the full JPEG2000 image has to be stored in memory for rendering and so, depending on the size & resolution of the image, this can use up a lot of CPU and memory.
For example, find below memory use measurement for Qoppa PDF component jPDFNotes when displaying a PDF document containing either a JPEG image or a JPEG2000 image.
You will notice that jPDFNotes is much more efficient at rendering a JPEG image than a JPEG2000 image.
The main reason is that our code currently has to keep the whole image in memory for JPEG2000 images, whereas it is able to access and paint JPEG images line by line. The line by line accessing and rendering approach is used for most image types and allows to handle "infinite size" images using only a very limited amount of memory.
Our plan is to improve the reading and rendering of JPEG2000 images in a future version to be as efficient as for other types of images.
In the meantime, as a workaround, we recommend that our customers make use of JPEG images instead of JPEG200 images whenever possible, when creating PDF documents that will need to be rendered in our PDF libraries or components. Otherwise, make sure to allocate enough memory to your application when rendering JPEG2000 images. Our sample applications have memory setting set to 768Mb (-Xmx768m) and are able to render A4 pages containing JPEG2000 images at 300DPI.


The report Out at Work: From Prejudice to Pride, launched in Sydney this week, examined why LGBTIQ+ individuals share or conceal their LGBTIQ+ identity or status at work and what Australian organisations can do to make their workplace safe and inclusive for LGBTIQ+ workers to be themselves.
"This report comprehensively quantifies the business case for creating LGBTIQ+-inclusive workplaces in Australia. I urge employers to take a good look at what they can do to take advantage of the benefits; not only for their LGBTIQ+ employees but for their organisation as a whole," said Ms Annese.
"This research highlights the complexities of coming out at work. It's is an ongoing dilemma for many LGBTIQ+ workers, particularly when they start a new job or meet new coworkers. It means different things to different people," said Dr Trau.


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"Tag: U.S. military"
The Military Model 70: A Forgotten Sniper Rifle
Although the "Rifleman's Rifle" is unquestionably one of the greatest hunting rifles of all time, the Winchester Model 70's service in the U.S. military has been meager, and even then, its success was limited.
Navy Successfully Tests Drone-Killing Laser
The U.S. Navy performed the first-ever implementation of a high-energy, solid-state laser against a target in taking down an unmanned drone.
Inside Trijicon: The Legacy of the ACOG
American Rifleman TV is in Wixom, Mi., at the home of Trijicon Inc., detailing the Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight.
Inside Look: SIG Sauer MG 338 Machine Gun
As part of the package put together for a U.S. Military contract, SIG Sauer took the next step in machine-gun evolution with its MG 338. We got a closer look here.
News, SHOT Show 2020
SIG Sauer Delivers 100,000th M17 / M18 Handgun to U.S. Military
SIG Sauer has delivered the 100,000th M17 and M18 for the Modular Handgun System program to the U.S. military, ahead of schedule, and surpassing the performance standards and requirements since the official contract award in January 2017.
Tonight on American Rifleman TV: Making the U.S. M17; Winchester XPR & 350 Legend; Japanese Type 14 Nambu Pistol
ARTV goes in-depth on the creation of the new U.S. M17 pistol and chronicles the U.S. Army's extensive search for its new sidearm. "Rifleman Review" takes a look at the new Winchester XPR chambered in Winchester's newest caliber, 350 Legend. In "I Have This Old Gun," Mark Keefe discusses the Japanese Type 14 Nambu pistol.
Heckler & Koch Awarded U.S. Army Squad Designated Marksman Rifle Contract
Heckler & Koch is gearing up to deliver between 5,000 and 6,000 complete rifle weapon systems to the U.S. Amy, which plans to deploy them as M110A1 Squad Designated Marksman Rifles (SDMR).
Last Of The Breed: Marine Corps M45A1
The final example of U.S. military M1911s, the Marine Corps M45A1 was carried on special operations missions around the world.
The Case for the 20"-Barreled AR-15 Rifle
Although the semi-automatic M4-style carbine has dominated the AR market for many years, there is growing interest in ARs more akin to the original design. Why? The rifle-length AR may be your best bet when it comes to ballistics, reliability and durability.
Web Exclusive Preview: Trijicon ACOG
Tonight on American Rifleman Television, we head to the Trijicon factory in Michigan to give you a behind-the-scenes look at how the firm makes the ACOG—Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight.


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Ridge-Manorville Brush Fire Update: Still Burning, Says Bellone
By Lindsay Christ, Christopher Twarowski and David Wexler with Timothy Bolger Posted on April 10, 2012
Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone during a press conference near the Ridge-Manorville brush fire Monday night. (David Wexler/Long Island Press)
STREAM OF SUFFOLK COUNTY PRESS CONFERENCE. STAY WITH US FOR THE CONTINUING STORY.
The massive Ridge-Manorville brush fire that has burned several houses and consumed more than 2,000 acres since it broke out this afternoon is still out of control, said Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone and fire officials at a Monday evening press conference held close to the blaze.
Flanked by government and fire officials, including Ridge Fire Department 1st Assistant Chief Steve Gray and Brookhaven Town Supervisor Mark Lesko, Bellone said that three Manorville firefighters had been injured. One firefighter was admitted to Stony Brook University Medical Center for first- and second-degree burns, while two were treated and released for smoke inhalation.
Bellone said that two homes and one commercial building were destroyed by the fire, and two other residences were still burning. A fire truck that was with the three injured Manorville firefighters was also destroyed.
"This is most serious fire incident we've had since the '95 wildfires," Bellone added. "A lot of the lessons learned from '95 will certainly be utilized."
"Several hundred acres are burning right now," Gray told reporters at around 8 p.m. "Unfortunately with the high winds, we weren't able to get hold of the fire."
Bellone added that his administration has been in touch with New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, the state Office of Emergency Management and that the state National Guard is on standby. As darkness fell, he said that operations had shifted from battling the fire to moving emergency personnel out of harm's way and containing the blaze.
The Riverhead Police Department announced that they have begun evacuating homes on Oakwood Drive in Wading River. A mandatory evacuation was already in effect for the area of Wading River Manorville Road and Schultz Road (East) to Edwards Avenue and from Peconic River (North) to Grumman Boulevard. An emergency shelter has been set up in the Riverhead Senior Center, located on 60 Shade Tree Lane. Residents can contact the shelter at 631-722-4444 ext. 0.
The Suffolk SPCA has set up a unit at the Riverhead shelter where pets can stay.
The fire has already disrupted train service. The 9:44 p.m. train from Greenport to Ronkonkoma is canceled. The Long Island Rail Road will provide bus service instead. This comes after there was a report of fire on the railroad tracks. According to the Long Island Power Authority, 236 homes were without power.
Bellone urged residents to only use 911 for emergencies and not to call seeking information on the fire. He urged people to stay as far away as they can from the blaze.
The conflagration came as the Upton-based National Weather Service issued a Red Flag Alert for Long Island, meaning the area is at heightened risk for brush fires because of low humidity and high winds.
Gray stated that the inferno began as two separate fires in Manorville and Ridge before merging into one. He said it has been moving in a Southeast direction and that its cause is not yet known.
For Long Beach Family That Lost Home to Sandy, 'A Miracle'
Parents Hesitant About NRA Armed Schools Idea
The Rundown: Long Island's Random Weekly To-Do List, December 20-31
Dee Snider Promises a Very Twisted Nightclub Act


An executor's duties are important, but they are not always easy. After all, most residents of Maryland are not familiar with some aspects of the state's legal system, particularly when it comes to probate and estate administration. In fact, there are several common mistakes executors should try to avoid making.
For example, rushing to pay the deceased's bills may cause problems. Although it is often done with the intention of promptly settling the deceased's estate, certain bills have a higher priority than others. Therefore, it is important to understand which bills should be paid first. Mistakes made in paying bills could lead to personal liability.
Another common mistake is failing to keep track of the estate's assets, such as artwork, automobiles, antiques and other pieces of tangible property. Executors are responsible for ensuring the property of the estate is kept safe, so that it can be distributed to the estate's heirs and beneficiaries appropriately. Like mistakes regarding paying bills, if an executor does not find and keep hold of all the deceased's property he or she could face personal liability.
In addition, mistakes made regarding real estate can cause serious problems. This is because real estate is a particularly complex type of asset. For example, the deceased's heirs may disagree about what to do with real estate after a loved one's death. In addition, executors may need to determine if they are allowed to fund improvements and make repairs to the real estate. These decisions can be difficult to make without the advice of a professional.
Finally, another common mistake is trying to increase the wealth of the estate through investments. Particularly if a person aims to give his or her heirs a pecuniary amount as an inheritance -- that is, an inheritance that is contingent on the value of the estate per the estate's tax return -- investments that prove to be unfruitful could negatively affect what a person stands to inherit.
These are only some common errors many executors make. If you have any doubts about how to perform your duties as an executor, you may want to consider seeking legal representation to avoid making time-consuming and potentially expensive mistakes.


Life-size soldier in World War I infantry uniform charges forward atop a granite pedestal while holding a rifle at waist-height in his proper left hand and a grenade above his head in his proper right hand.
The style of this Doughboy is similar to that of E. M. Viquesney's "Spirit of the American Doughboy."
: J. Paulding, "Camp Washington War Memorial," Ohio Outdoor Sculpture Inventory, accessed April 22, 2019, http://oosi.sculpturecenter.org/items/show/571.


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You are at:Home»News»Sarawak»'State fully aware of need to address civil service imbalance'
'State fully aware of need to address civil service imbalance'
By Peter Sibon and Lian Cheng, [email protected] on June 18, 2016, Saturday at 6:05 AM Sarawak
Tan Sri Datuk Amar Dr James Jemut Masing
KUCHING: The state government is fully aware of the need to have a quality civil service which reflects the state's racial composition, said Deputy Chief Minister Tan Sri Datuk Amar Dr James Jemut Masing.
He said a committee headed by Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Adenan Satem has been formed to address the issue, which he believed would take time to rectify.
"The racial imbalance as reported (by The Borneo Post) will be addressed by the said committee. The problem does not happen overnight. Therefore, it will take time to address," he said yesterday.
"We all understand the importance of a quality civil service in administrating this country, and, at the same time the need to have a fair employment distribution in the civil service which reflects Sarawak's racial composition."
He was responding to Kota Sentosa assemblyman Chong Chieng Jen's statement that the state has no intention to make right the 'lopsided racial composition' of the civil service.
Masing pointed out that Deputy Chief Minister Datuk Amar Douglas Uggah Embas had clearly articulated the state's plans to address the issue during the just concluded State Legislative Assembly (DUN) sitting.
"YB Chong has a habit of listening without understanding. DCM Uggah in answering to racial imbalance in Sarawak's civil service as reported in The Borneo Post had said that a committee would be formed with the CM as the chairman to look into this issue.
"I heard and understood his answer. I am sure Chong heard it; either he didn't understand it or he is hard of hearing. Since Chong is young, his problem is the former not the latter," said Masing.
Meanwhile, Uggah said he was disappointed Chong did not raise any supplementary questions during the DUN sitting but instead chose to ask questions through media statements.
"When I presented the issues on the civil service during the DUN sitting, I don't know whether he was sleeping or having hearing problems," Uggah said in a statement yesterday.
Uggah requested Chong to refer to his winding-up speech on public service matters which clearly stated: "We acknowledge that the issues need to be addressed."
"On the government side, the matter on employment opportunities in Sarawak as a whole including both public and private sectors, not forgetting the gender issue which will be addressed by the committee chaired by the Chief Minister."
He stressed that the state government is taking the issue seriously.
"That's why the committee is set up. Take note that this is the first time such a committee is set up," he said.
In his winding-up speech, Uggah had said the committee would address the issue on employment opportunities in both the public and private sectors in Sarawak. He said it would include gender equality in all sectors of employment – state civil service, local government, statutory bodies and government-linked companies (GLCs).
Uggah also pointed out that the state government had never questioned private sector composition and recruitment practices and if these were to be included, the picture would be greatly different.
The Borneo Post had published on May 28 an article entitled 'A case of lopsided representation', pointing out the imbalanced racial composition of the state civil service, where 54 per cent of high-ranking jobs were held by the Malay community.
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FeaturedFitness & Health
20 Deliciously Healthy Cookies to Help Change Your Diet
Rachel West Published on January 3, 2017
The best way to stick to your New Years Resolution and eat healthy is to trick your brain with quality food in appealing packages. Today we are going to talk about how you can keep snacking on cookies without compromising any of your health standards. Sound too good to be true? Well, we aren't sleazy car insurance salesmen so you can probably trust us (probably). Listed below are 20 different kinds of healthy cookies that taste DELICIOUS! Enjoy!
Healthy Girl Scout Cookie Tagalongs
Just 45 calories each? Sign me up! What's even better is that you can make these cookies vegan, gluten-free, sugar-free, soy-free and even grain-free! Combine all liquid ingredients (2 tbsp pure maple syrup or honey, 1 1/2 tbsp coconut or vegetable oil, 1 tsp pure vanilla extract). In a separate bowl, combine the dry ingredients (1 cup almond flour, a little over 1/8 tsp salt, 1/8 tsp baking soda), except PB and chocolate chips, and stir extremely well. Combine the two and mix, then squish into balls. Roll out the dough then cut with a cutter or the rim of a small glass. Freeze the dough for at least 20 minutes before cooking 10-13 minutes at 325 F on a greased cookie sheet. Let cool and then dig in!
Mocha "No Bakes"
In a large mixing bowl, combine all of the dry ingredients and stir very well. Then in a cup, combine all the liquid ingredients, then pour wet into dry and stir until all is fully mixed together. Transfer the mix to a plastic bag and smush into a ball. Either roll into smaller balls or leave it in the fridge until it's a bit firmer. You can also bake these cookies if your heart so desires. Get this, they're only 50 calories each.
A lot of older moments from TV shows, and in particular reality TV shows, having been going viral on TikTok. A lot of them have aged…
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A legacy strains original Bred by a chooses to remain Anonymous farmer in Humboldt county, The cross is (cantaloupe haze X Blackberry) X Blackberry. The smell and flavor is as you would expect, Blackberry with hints of Melon. A true hybrid, functional while being cerebral. It's a strain we are especially proud of.


The aoudad is up to five feet long and four feet high on average and weighs up to 300 pounds, with males being considerably larger than females. It has a relatively long tail that is tufted on the end half, and the triangular-based horns curve outward, backward, and then inward, and are marked with strong transverse rings; both sexes have horns, but those on males are longer (up to 22 inches). Both sexes also have long hair on the throat, chest and upper parts of the front legs.
Barbary sheep are expert climbers and are able to ascend and descend precipitous slopes with ease. They are also excellent jumpers, able to clear obstacles of over six feet from a standing start.
Native to dry mountainous areas of northern Africa, Barbary sheep were introduced into parts of Texas and New Mexico in the early 1900's. Listed as a vulnerable species in its native habitat, it has become so well established in America that there are concerns it may compete with the native bighorn sheep. There is also an established introduced population in Spain.
Barbary sheep are primarily solitary but will assemble in small groups consisting of females, young, older individuals and a dominant male. Since their native habitat offers little protection from cover and their predators are equally adept at negotiating their native terrain, Barbary sheep typically freeze in the presence of danger and rely on their coloring to help them blend into their surroundings.
Breeding may occur any time of the year but is most common from mid-September to mid-November. The gestation period is about 160 days, after which one to three young are born. Young Barbary sheep are able to negotiate the steep, rocky terrain almost immediately after birth and will follow the mother until being weaned at three to four months. Barbary sheep can live up to 20 years in the wild.
Barbary sheep feed on grasses, forbs and shrubs. They can live off the moisture in their diet for long periods of time but will readily take fresh water when available.