A prolific inventor, Milton Reeves designed the first muffler in 1897 to reduce the release of noise and toxic fumes. This component is typically mounted underneath and at the rear of a vehicle. Every state has laws governing the condition and performance of mufflers installed on everyday consumer vehicles.
Several common symptoms indicate that your muffler needs replaced or repaired. These include rust or soot covering the tailpipe and hisses as well as jangling or loud boom noises when starting, accelerating or braking. A leaky exhaust may also allow fumes to seep inside the passenger compartment resulting in sleepiness or a headache while driving.
How Long Do Mufflers Last?
The exhaust system plays an important role in diverting fumes from the engine, which in turn keeps the vehicle running smoothly. Accumulated exhaust gases can eventually cause engine deterioration. As a result, it is essential that you have your exhaust inspected regularly by a professional muffler shop.
Muffler replacement costs can range from $75 to $750 depending on several factors. The average cost for installing a mid-range replacement muffler on a typical sedan is between $150 and $250, including parts and labor.
While inexpensive generic aftermarket mufflers are priced from $25 to $50, installing them can be difficult. They may require additional parts or special modifications to fit and function correctly. Made from inferior materials, they may not last very long.
The cost for a medium quality mid-range muffler designed to fit the average mid-size sedan will range from $50 to $125. The cost of a high end, high performance muffler or one required for a luxury vehicle is $300 to $500.
If the car has been driven is areas with rain, ice, snow and road salts as well as other severe road conditions, the resulting debris can damage other system parts. As a result, parts like gaskets, hangers and silencers will have to be replaced along with the malfunctioning muffler. These parts could add $20 or more to the overall cost of a new muffler installation.
If the resonator or pipe on the current muffler isn't salvageable, that will add $100 to $150 to the cost of repairs, while an exhaust tip will add anywhere from $25 to $50.
Installing a new muffler is not time intensive. Most repair shops will charge for an hour of labor at least, which averages $80 to $100.
The cost of minor muffler repairs, including fixing a broken clamp or welding a loose but functional muffler back into place, can cost between $30 to $400 or more depending upon the work required and labor rates in your area. The average cost is around $100. Reports indicate that the most reasonable repair prices are found at local, independently owned muffler shops.
When you suspect an exhaust problem, the best course of action is to book an appointment at a muffler shop for a free inspection. The problem may be a relatively simple issue to correct, such as replacing a worn or missing gasket. The inspection will help determine the extent of the problem. Once the issue has been diagnosed and you've been given a quote for the repairs, ask your go-to general mechanic to see if they, or someone they know can fix it for a better price.
Although small holes can usually be patched and easily repaired, you will probably have to replace your muffler if there is significant damage.
Repairing the muffler by patching a small hole is generally a short-term solution. Another hole will usually appear within a few months, so most shops will recommend that you replace the muffler instead of repairing it.
Extensive exhaust problems can be caused by a damaged muffler if it isn't replaced. If it is significantly rusted, the rust has probably made it's way up the exhaust pipe.
Mufflers can be difficult to replace the muffler alone on older cars because they are often welded in several places to the exhaust system. In newer cars, exhaust system components such as the tailpipe, muffler and catalytic converter are simply bolted together – making disassembly and replacement easier.
If additional components like the catalytic converter must be replaced, the total repair costs can add up to $1,000+.
After a thorough inspection, a muffler replacement estimate should include labor and all required parts, including the muffler, pipe and gaskets.
Depending on the brand and quality, the muffler will come with a limited or a lifetime warranty. However, this usually does not cover the pipes and components attached to it that typically wear out faster than the muffler.
For some vehicles, the muffler has to be ordered from a dealership if it is a "dealer only item". Although this may not affect the price, it can delay repairs by several days.
Strange noises such as a low rumbling sound coming from underneath the rear of your vehicle is an obvious signal that you have a problem with the muffler or exhaust system. Rather than the normal, smooth hum, your car will make a reverberating sound similar to that of a motorcycle or boat motor being revved.
Repairing the problem quickly is your best option. Postponing essential exhaust or muffler repairs can cause other issues with the engine or exhaust system that may make future repairs more costly.
If you notice relatively constant vibrations while driving your car or you lose power occasionally, take the automobile to a shop for a complimentary exhaust inspection. Tell the mechanic what the vibration felt like and where you think it's coming from. Potential locations include the steering wheel, the operating pedals or the driver's seat. This symptom could be caused by a hole, a disconnected component or an exhaust leak.
Depending on the extent of the damage, vibrations can be accompanied by the rumbling sound mentioned above. In addition to pointing to a potential issue with the muffler or exhaust, vibrations may also indicate that your engine is not operating at peak performance.
If you notice a drop in fuel mileage, take your vehicle to a local service center for an inspection. Along with noticeable vibrations, diminished fuel economy is a telltale sign of exhaust issues. Exhaust leaks are notorious for making your motor work harder, which uses more fuel.
A number of other issues can eventually be caused if a hole in your muffler isn't fixed, so you should replace it as soon as possible.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) to leak into the cabin. A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is created as a byproduct of combustion, it can cause headaches, dizziness and nausea in small quantities. Sustained or heavy exposure can be life threatening to occupants in the passenger compartment.
Unacceptable noise levels that can lead to fines as many areas have laws and regulations governing vehicle noise levels.
Excessive noise inside the passenger cabin can make your trips uncomfortable.
Incomplete combustion or overheating can damage the engine.
Consider these potential issues when deciding whether to pay for a muffler repair now or putting it off until the problem becomes more serious.
Mufflers may need to be replaced because they become clogged or develop holes and rust. The majority of mufflers are replaced simply because they have reached the end of their serviceable life. This time frame varies considerably.
While mufflers last 10 years on average, the service life can range from five to 15 years depending on various factors, such as exposure to rain, snow and salt. Unfortunately, an inferior-grade aftermarket replacement muffler may only last three years in areas with harsh weather and driving conditions.
Mufflers are usually covered by a new vehicle warranty that can last up to 50,000 to 60,000 miles or longer. If your car is relatively new, check your owner's manual to see the terms of your warranty before bringing your car to a shop.
With the right tools and equipment, you can do a muffler replacement yourself. While you must still pay for the parts, you can save money on the cost of labor. You may also be able to purchase a muffler and other parts for less than what a repair shop would charge. Garages usually mark up the parts that they install. A reader in California reported paying only $45 for a muffler installation they did by themselves.
The tools you will need include: a pry bar, hacksaw as well as the correct size deep wall sockets. If nuts are bolts are seized, use some oil to lubricate and make them easier to loosen so that you can remove clamps and brackets.
Exhaust system components are available for sale from many online retailers and prices vary considerably. Purchase the best model you are able to afford as it will usually last the longest.
Be sure to budget for new clamps, brackets, and hangers, if the part does not come with them. When reassembling the exhaust system, be sure to have an appropriate jointing paste ready.
Larger garages as well as regional and chain repair shops may offer exhaust system repair coupons and seasonal specials to make it more repairs more affordable.
1. Park your vehicle on a level, hard surface.
3. Jack up the vehicle, and place it on jack stands.
4. Spray the muffler clamps with penetrating fluid.
5. Loosen the nuts holding the clamps with an an open-end, adjustable or socket wrench.
6. Separate the muffler and exhaust by sliding them apart.
7. Put on eye protection and gloves for your safety.
8. Use a hand or power saw to cut through any completely rusted components.
9. Cut through just past the clamp using a hacksaw.
10. Don't damage any nearby parts of your vehicle.
11. Remove the muffler hangers from the rubber mounts.
12. Place the muffler onto the exhaust to check if it will fit properly.
13. Place the new muffler hangers into the rubber mounts.
14. Apply exhaust sealant to the new muffler's pipe.
15. Slide the muffler onto the exhaust pipe.
16. Re-install the clamps to secure the connection.
17. Start the engine, and check the exhaust system for leaks.
Start your car's engine and listen. If it sounds smooth and there are no major vibrations, the new system was probably installed correctly. Take your car for a test drive on several different types of road surfaces if possible and listen for any weird noises. After the test, double-check the clamps and nuts to ensure that they are still securely fastened.
A correctly installed replacement muffler should improve the engine's efficiency and provide years of trouble-free performance.
While Meineke or Monro are not generally recommended as repair shops, mufflers are not overly difficult or crucial to replace. As a result, this is the one repair that they should be allowed to perform since it is their specialty.
Diagnose problems and provide a free estimate.
Offer cheaper service compared to independent shops because of their buying power.
Stand behind their work if they make a mistake and try to make it right.
Note: As mentioned above, this advice is limited to their work on mufflers and exhaust systems. Anything that that risks the safety of passengers or could potentially damage your vehicle should only be performed by a dealership or reputable mechanic.
Had a repair or replacement done in the past? Have a quote on a job and not sure if it's a good deal? Have a question about a particular situation? Let us know by leaving a comment below.


Richard Blanco and Carlos Betancourt at Books & Books Coral Gables.
In the late '80s and early '90s, before the tourists arrived en masse, South Beach was a forgotten haven for artists, writers, and washed-up local characters. Poet Richard Blanco and artist Carlos Betancourt were two young Cuban-American gay men who met in that creative bustle. Their decades-long friendship and professional collaboration merged Sunday afternoon at Books & Books for a special reading and signing of Betancourt's latest book, Imperfect Utopia. A retrospective of the local artist's vast oeuvre, the book also includes a foreword by Blanco and various essays from noted art-world scholars.
The pair met at one of artist John Bailly's notorious underground parties. At the time, Blanco was fresh out of engineering school. Betancourt, however, was a fixture on the local scene and a larger-than-life character who lived and breathed his work.
"To me, to be an artist is to wake up and be able to do whatever it is you want," the bespectacled Betancourt explains. "In my original studio on Lincoln Road, I paid $280 a month for the space and had to shower with a hose, but I loved it because I was free."
Carlos Betancourt signs a copy of Imperfect Utopia.
Their relationship grew out of a mutual need: Blanco gained confidence from Betancourt's strong sense of self, and the aspiring scribe lent his lyrical prose to Betancourt's highly stylized collages, sculptures, and photographs. It's a dialogue that continues today.
Betancourt's book reveals that both men's works draw from the same sensibility. The images recalled in Blanco's poems "América" and "Photoshop" form an elaborate web of the same nostalgia-soaked objects Betancourt employs in his works. The fractured nature of a Cuban-American identity lies at the heart of their collective fascination. Raised by Cuban-exile parents, they draw from similar experiences growing up in a cultural diaspora. Blanco went on to champion those same ideas at President Barack Obama's 2013 inauguration as the first gay Latino immigrant to serve as an inaugural poet.
Through their work, both artists try to piece together their fractured identities. In Betancourt's 2007 installation "Re-Collections III," the artist displayed his extensive collection of pre-1980s Christmas ornaments. The pieces were emotionally charged artifacts because Betancourt had no Christmas ornaments in his home when he first moved from Cuba to Puerto Rico. As he recalls the story, tears well up.
Apart from being a survey into his varied projects throughout the years, Imperfect Utopia is a lament for a Miami lost to overdevelopment. The same movement of local business owners that turned Lincoln Road from a rundown promenade into a thriving hot spot now wince at the current state of the pedestrian mall. Lincoln Road, with department stores displacing cultural institutions such as ArtCenter, is a sad shadow of its former self.
"It will never be like it was," Betancourt bemoans. "Back then, there was a real underground scene where people went to clubs and bars to find themselves, not because they heard about it from Twitter or Instagram and thought it was hip, which is a word I hate."
Jose Carlos Diaz (left), Carlos Betancourt, and Richard Blanco.
Even more shocking, the process that transformed South Beach is playing out at a much quicker pace in Wynwood. The art galleries that only ten years ago began to pop up in empty warehouses just north of downtown Miami have, for the most part, been priced out by developers in favor of trendy retail shops.
"I love the idea that art can even do that," Blanco says of the transformative effect artists had on South Beach and more recently Wynwood and Little River. "But we have to strike a balance with things like rent stabilization that offset real-estate development."
For several years, both artists have been working on different sides of the same mountain and slowly chipping away at the big questions that continue to puzzle them: What does it mean to be Cuban-American? How does memory form an active part of the immigrant diaspora? And can a single individual hold more than one distinct identity? The answers to those questions form an integral part of Miami's diverse culture and its people.


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Corvaisier et Le Corvaisier sont des patronymes français particulièrement présents dans l'ouest de la France, en Ille-et-Vilaine et dans les Côtes-d'Armor, ainsi que dans près de la moitié des départements français, principalement dans la moitié nord.

Étymologie
Le patronyme Corvaisier provient du nom de métier ancien corvesier ou corvisier ou courvoisier (cordonnier) :
 corvesier, orthographe du métier donnée par les spécialistes en onomastique de Geneanet
 corvisier, orthographe donnée dans le Dictionnaire des vieux métiers de Paul Raymond
 corvisier, orthographe donnée dans le Dictionnaire des noms de famille de Marie-Thérèse Morlet
 courvoisier, orthographe donnée par D. Chatry dans Métiers Insolites du Passé

Le Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du  de Frédéric Godefroy recense 23 formes anciennes de ce nom de métier, dont la première était corveisier en 1241. La multiplicité des formes médiévales du métier de cordonnier :
 forme en corb- : corbesier, corbusier
 forme en corv- : corvaisier (1340), corveisier (1241), corveser (1213), corvesour, corveixeir, corvexier, corviser, corvisier (1294), corvissier, corvixier (1335), corvoisier, corvusier (1324)
 forme en courv- : courvexier, courvixier (1345), courvoisier (1323)
 forme en couvr- : couvrexier
 forme en cover- : coverxier (1360)
 forme en covre- : covrexie
 forme en crov- : crovexier, crovixier (1393), crovixiez
explique le grand nombre de variantes patronymiques.

Variantes
Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce patronyme : , , , , , , , ,  et , tous présents en Lorraine et en particulier dans le département des Vosges. En revanche, Corvaisier n'est pas présent dans ce département.

Personnalités
Corvaisier
 Laurent Corvaisier (1964-), un peintre et illustrateur français né au Havre, diplômé de l'ENSAD, spécialisé dans les albums pour la jeunesse et la presse enfantine ;
Le Corvaisier
 Charlène Le Corvaisier (1990-), une kayakiste française ;
 Julien Le Corvaisier (-), seigneur du Plessis, avocat du roi ;
 Jacques Le Corvaisier, fils du précédent, né le  et mort le  au Mans, conseiller au présidial du Mans, puis prêtre ;
 Antoine Le Corvaisier de Courteilles, fils du précédent, né le  au Mans, et mort le  au Mans, un conseiller puis lieutenant-criminel au siège épiscopal de Mans, historien des évêques du Mans ;
 Pierre-Jean Le Corvaisier (1719-1758), un écrivain et polygraphe français.

Notes et références

Homonymie de patronyme
Patronyme français
Patronyme lorrain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Traditional architecture has always known how to build according to climatic conditions in a particular location. As mere examples, we traditionally use sloped roofs where it snows or highly ventilated houses where is humid and hot.
In this sense, in the traditional architecture of dry and hot places, the inner courtyard is an element that helps not only tempering the climatic condition inside the courtyard but also improving the comfort conditions into the building. It is commonly accepted in the popular knowledge that courtyards are cooler than the outside in hot summer, and that the use of vegetation or water, as in the traditional patios in the Mediterranean climate, make them fresher.
In fact, in Córdoba (South of Spain), our studies have monitored a reduction up to 8ºC of the outside temperature inside the courtyard of a traditional house. This microclimate generated in the courtyard also reduces the energy consumption of the building. However, modern architecture seems to have forgotten the benefits of designing according to the climatic conditions or fails into incorporating their benefits among the current requirements of buildings. If we were able to design buildings following this passive strategy, we could reduce the total energy spent by the building sector, contributing to the sustainable development of our society.
The research developed as part of the project MORE PATIO "Eco-Efficient Design of Courtyards by means of Reduced Order Modelling" analyzes these spaces in different buildings in order to understand their performance. This is essential to being able to design new buildings with optimized courtyards as a passive element to save energy. The thermodynamic effect such as stratification, convection, and flow patterns explain the performance of the courtyard.
Stratification: When the walls of the courtyard have a lower temperature than the air, this is cooled and goes down. This movement displaces warmer air to higher levels. The result is that the air inside the courtyards is distributed in layers according to its temperature.
Convection: If the walls have a higher temperature, because of the effect of solar radiation, the air in contact with them will be warmed and goes up, creating a convection effect that will make the cool air go down in the middle of the courtyard.
Flow patterns: Air currents inside the courtyard induced by the wind can have a key influence in its performance. These currents are affected by the geometry of the courtyard, particularly by the aspect ratio, which is the relation between its depth and width.
These effects can be affected by many other factors such as the geometry of the courtyard, the presence of vegetation or water, or wind, among others. Therefore, it could be difficult to predict the final performance of a building. We have found that many of the available tools that already exist are not able to simulate the microclimate inside the courtyard and even consider them as a negative element to their energy performance due to the general belief that a compact building is more efficient than a porous one. The research we are doing has the goal of developing a tool for architects that help them design these courtyards: a simulation software that can be used during design stages to achieve the best performance given the boundaries conditions of a specific project.
However, the first step in this process is evaluating the existing tools in order to know their usability for the designer and the accuracy of the results. To achieve this accuracy, all the available software are based on CFD to calculate the complex Navier-Stokes equations. We found ANSYS Fluent, IES.VE, Design Builder and ENVI-met as the most used ones. In this paper , we evaluate the performance of ENVI-met given that is a specific software to simulate microclimates in the urban scale but its performance in the specific case of the courtyard has not been sufficiently assessed. In order to prove the accuracy of the software, an important part of the research is the monitoring and data analysis from different courtyards. The collected data is contrasted to the simulations to test their accuracy.
In the study, three different courtyards in the city of Sevilla, in the Mediterranean climate, have been monitored and simulated. Although the obtained results showed a reduction in the air temperature of the courtyard, when contrasting these results to monitored data, ENVI-met simulations were less accurate as the courtyard size decreased. In general, the results were not accurate enough to be considered a good input to energy efficiency calculations in buildings. The difference between outdoor temperature and inside the courtyard is too important in these calculations to have a big difference between them. Furthermore, the computational power needed to each one of the simulations and its lack of flexibility when modeling reduces the usability of the software. For that reason, we concluded that ENVI-met is not a satisfactory tool to be used in the design process of these kinds of spaces when trying to assess their energy efficiency.
Another aspect that we must consider, and is an objective in our current research, is the possibility of simulating other elements apart from geometry, such as elements that provide shadow, vegetation, and water. Our monitoring showed that a shading element can duplicate the reduction in air temperatures inside the courtyards at peak hours (when outer temperatures are around 45ºC). This adds complexity to the tool that we want to develop in order to get the desired flexibility and accuracy when designing energy-efficient buildings.
The potential future effects of global climate change are among others, a warmer climate. In a warmer future, enclosed open spaces such as inner courtyards can provide cooler places to live and reduce the energy requirements of a building. This demands new, passive design solutions.
These findings are described in the article entitled Courtyard microclimate ENVI-met outputs deviation from the experimental data, recently published in the journal Building and Environment. This work was conducted by V.P. López-Cabeza, C. Galán-Marín, C. Rivera-Gómez, and J. Roa-Fernández from the Universidad de Sevilla.
C. Galán-Marín currently works at the Construcciones Arquitectónicas, Universidad de Sevilla. C. does research in Civil Engineering, Architectural Engineering and Materials Engineering.
Victoria is a Master in Design Studies candidate 2020 (Energy and Environment concertation) at Harvard Graduate School of Design, granted by Fulbright Scholarship and Harvard Real Colegio Complutense Scholarship. She holds a Major in Architecture and a Master in Education from the University of Seville, Spain.


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Oluwafemi Abayomi Alaba "Femi" Ilesanmi (born 18 April 1991) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a defender for National League club Boreham Wood.

Ilesanmi started his career with AFC Wimbledon's youth system, making his first-team debut in 2007 before transferring to Queens Park Rangers in 2008, where he played for the under-18 team. He spent a year at QPR where he also played for the reserve team, before his release. He signed for Isthmian League Premier Division club Ashford Town (Middlesex) in February 2010. His form prompted newly promoted League One club Dagenham & Redbridge to sign him in May 2010. He spent three months on loan at Conference Premier club Histon in 2010. Ilesanmi spent four years with Dagenham & Redbridge before joining York City in May 2014, where he played for two seasons before being released.

Club career

Early career
Ilesanmi was born in Southwark, London to Nigerian parents. He started his career with AFC Wimbledon in their youth system. Despite his young age, he made a handful of appearances for the reserve team and also made his first-team debut aged 16 in an Isthmian League Cup match against Whyteleafe in October 2007. He spent nearly a full season with Wimbledon before moving to Queens Park Rangers' under-18 team in 2008. He spent a season at Loftus Road, featuring for both the youth team and the reserves before being released in 2009. After his release he joined League Two club Dagenham & Redbridge on non-contract terms. Whilst on trial he featured several times for the reserves. He also had a brief spell spent on trial at Conference Premier club Salisbury City, where he played for the reserves.

In February 2010, he signed for Isthmian League Premier Division club Ashford Town (Middlesex), where he spent a short spell. Ilesanmi scored his first goal for Ashford in a 2–1 home defeat to Carshalton Athletic. During the last few months of the 2009–10 season, Dagenham & Redbridge monitored Ilesanmi's performances. His last goal for the club came in the final match of the season, when he scored a bizarre goal from an attempted cross which put Ashford in the lead against Harrow Borough. However, Ashford went on to lose the match 6–2 and were relegated for the first time in their history. Ilesanmi made 12 appearances for Ashford, scoring two goals.

Dagenham & Redbridge
Dagenham & Redbridge were impressed with his performances at Ashford and again offered him a trial period with the club. The trial was successful and Ilesanmi signed a two-year contract with the newly promoted League One club in July 2010. In August 2010, he was sent out on loan to Conference Premier club Histon on an initial one-month loan with a view to extending further. His debut came on the opening day of the season in a 3–1 win over Barrow at home. He was sent off in his second match for Histon, a defeat to AFC Wimbledon, receiving his second booking for dissent. After impressing Histon manager David Livermore during his first month at the club, his loan was extended for a further two months. His final match for Histon came in a 1–1 draw with Wrexham on 30 October, where he provided the assist for a stoppage time equaliser. Ilesanmi had become a fans favourite at the club and plans were being made to bring him back on loan in January 2011. He returned to Dagenham having played 17 matches in all competitions for Histon.

Upon his return to Dagenham in November 2010, Ilesanmi impressed manager John Still in a behind closed doors friendly. This persuaded him to hand Ilesanmi a surprise professional and league debut for Dagenham in a 1–0 defeat to Oldham Athletic, where he played in place of Damien McCrory. After his first six appearances, Ilesanmi signed a three-and-a-half-year contract extension until 2014. The club also decided to retain Ilesanmi and not send him back to Histon for a second loan spell. He cemented his place as first choice left back for Dagenham for the remainder of 2010–11. He received his first red card for Dagenham in March 2011, in a 1–1 draw with Leyton Orient when he brought down Paul-José M'Poku to concede a late penalty. The club appealed the red card as manager John Still believed that no contact was made. However, the appeal was rejected and Ilesanmi was suspended for two matches. Ilesanmi could not save Dagenham from relegation on the final match of the season when they lost 5–0 away to Peterborough United. Dagenham returned to League Two at the first time of asking after their only season in League One. Ilesanmi 25 appearances for Dagenham that season.

Ilesanmi started 2011–12 as understudy to Damien McCrory, making his first appearance of the season in the League Cup, a 5–0 defeat to AFC Bournemouth. His first league appearance of the season came in a 1–0 home defeat to Oxford United. He returned to the first team line-up in November 2011, which coincided with the club losing nine straight league matches. He remained first choice until February 2012, when he started in a 5–0 home defeat to Cheltenham Town. This proved to be his final appearance of the season, as Dagenham narrowly escaped successive relegation's to the Conference Premier. He made 26 appearances.

In May 2012, manager John Still made Ilesanmi available for transfer. After being transfer listed, Ilesanmi took it on himself to prove the management staff wrong by staying behind for extra training. He started the first match of the season in the League Cup, a 1–0 home defeat to Coventry City. He also started the first league match of the season, a 2–0 away defeat to Cheltenham Town. In November 2012, he thanked John Still for the transfer listing which gave him the "kick up the backside he needed", and resulted in him starting the season in fine form. This also included a fine performance in the 5–0 win over Rotherham United, where he provided two assists. His first professional goal and his first for Dagenham came in February 2013, a 2–1 defeat to league leaders Gillingham. He still remained first choice left back after the departure of manager John Still to Luton Town. Dagenham again narrowly avoided relegation to the Conference, this time on the final day of the season, despite losing 1–0 to York City. Ilesanmi played in every Dagenham match in the season, making 50 appearances scoring one goal.

Ilesanmi remained the first-choice left back for 2013–14. He started in Wayne Burnett's first match in full charge of Dagenham, a 3–1 away defeat to Fleetwood Town. In September 2013, he lost his place in the first team to young defender Jack Connors, who thrived during his spell in the team. Ilesanmi came back into the side for a Football League Trophy tie against Peterborough United. He played well despite Dagenham losing 1–0 and regained his first team place. Having made 32 appearances in 2013–14, Ilesanmi was released by Dagenham in May 2014, with Burnett saying "it was also the right time for him to move on, he's been a fantastic servant for this football club and I wish him every success".

York City

Ilesanmi joined League Two York City on 22 May 2014 on a two-year contract. He made his debut in York's 1–1 away draw with Tranmere Rovers in the opening match of 2014–15 on 9 August 2014. Ilesanmi was released by York at the end of 2015–16.

Boreham Wood and Dover Athletic
Ilesanmi joined National League club Boreham Wood on 5 August 2016, and was an unused substitute the following day in their 1–0 home win over Forest Green Rovers. His debut came on 13 August 2016, as a 76th-minute substitute for Adriano Moke in a 1–1 away draw with York. Ilesanmi made 51 appearances in 2016–17 as Boreham Wood finished 11th in the National League. He was released at the end of the season.

On 27 June 2017, Ilesanmi signed for National League club Dover Athletic on a one-year contract. He made his debut on 5 August 2017 in a 1–0 victory away to Hartlepool United.

Ilesanmi re-signed for National League club Boreham Wood on 25 June 2018.

Style of play
Ilesanmi primarily plays at left back but is capable of playing at centre back and left wing-back.

Career statistics

References

External links

Femi Ilesanmi profile at the Dover Athletic F.C. website

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Southwark
English footballers
Association football defenders
AFC Wimbledon players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Ashford Town (Middlesex) F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Histon F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Boreham Wood F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Isthmian League players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Black British sportspeople
English people of Nigerian descent
English people of Yoruba descent
Yoruba sportspeople


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CHEAK! - Bad Habits EP Release
After two years of intense work, new indie-pop outfit CHEAK! are ready to present their debut EP "Bad Habits" at the Floor of the Rockhal on April 26. They will be supported by Skinny J & Turnup Tun, Adrian and Them Lights. Get ready for a hell of a party!
With members coming from extremely diverse musical backgrounds ranging from punk to pop, from blues-rock to post-hardcore, CHEAK! try to collect, to re-interpret and to re-compose what pop means in modern-day society, browsing through topics reaching from parties, dancing and drinking to trying out different identities, playfully discovering what life can offer, from adventures and travels to friendship and love.
CHEAK! are creating their very own definition of pop and indie music and are ready to present their own soundscapes to the Luxembourg audience for the very first time after a first tour abroad. Put on your finest dress and dancing shoes and expect an eclectic show experience! Or as they put it: "We are expecting nothing more than a splash of colors, a great audience and a party we won't remember, yet never forget".
At the Floor of the Rockhal
Doors: 20:00
Show: 20:30
Fee: 10.- (EP included) at the Box Office
For presale tickets, get in touch with CHEAK!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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It is the mission of the HRCC to continually advance the knowledge, skills and abilities of all HRCC professionals and to enhance the quality of HR services and workforce efficiency in the industry.
This is accomplished through human resources training and networking opportunities.
These efforts will assure the continued improvement of the construction image, workforce and opportunity.
The Human Resources Construction Council (HRCC) is a select group of HR professionals, employed by US based merit shop contractors, who support the domestic construction industry. Over the years our membership has represented over 100+ companies. HRCC meets annually to share industry experiences and expertise. The primary focus is to enhance the quality of HR services and workforce efficiency in the industry. The annual meetings receive support from various vendors, agencies and law firms. Sponsors contribute financial assistance which is critical to maximize participation, content and networking.
The first HRCC meeting was held in Atlanta, Georgia in 1990. Representatives from six companies attended the inaugural session. Since then, the HRCC has met at least annually in San Antonio (2), Denver, Myrtle Beach, New Orleans (5), Charlotte, Greenville, Houston (2), Baton Rouge (2), Phoenix, Tampa (4), San Juan, Puerto Rico, Las Vegas, Austin, Nashville and Key West.
Meetings are organized and conducted under the leadership of a Chairperson and Co-Chair, who are elected, and supported by HRCC board members who volunteer. Previous Chairpersons include: Jack West, Steve Greene, Harry Breeden, Terry Cooksey, Lowell Cranford, Russell Gauthreaux, Greg Johnson, Jim Carpenter, Bruce May, Paris Gill, Jeff Sutton, De'Ann Gill, John Hall, Will Jones, Dana Hohn and Danielle Bryant.
The target audience for membership is employees who have responsibility in the areas of Craft Compensation, Craft Training, Craft Employment, and HR Generalist. Human Resources employees from either project assigned or home office are encouraged to attend.
Information and trends specific to the construction industry.
Real time statistics and projections to help members with project planning and staffing.
Industry specific human resources network allowing members to identify best practices through network resources.
Labor and employment outlook updates at the conference and throughout the year.
Online access through the member only area of the HRCC website to all conference presentations.


As part of the joint project to map Ireland's wetlands, with Wetland Surveys Ireland, a preliminary mapping survey of all wetlands (both known and potential wetland sites) in County Westmeath has just been completed.
A significant number of additional potential wetlands have been discovered bringing the total of wetland sites recorded in the county to 444.
The wetland sites mapped in Westmeath are those which have been reported in wide range of published sources, and previously unknown sites located through an aerial photographic analysis combined with sub soils data.
Prior to this research project 113 wetland sites had been mapped within the county. This mapping project has located an additional 331 wetland sites throughout the county, bringing the total number to sites recorded to 444. Wetlands included on the map are areas of raised and blanket bog, fen, swamp, wet woodland, ponds, lakes and rivers.
The Wetland Map of Ireland now displays a total of 9,311 wetland sites for Ireland.


text:
Q: defining header as a tag in jquery ui accordian see the following
js fiddle
I have an accordian with the header defined as a.viewLabel. My aim is to have another class which will link to an external page. But you will see in the fiddle that defining the header cause the accordion to behave strangely
 $("#main-nav").accordion({
    autoHeight: false,
    collapsible: true,
    active: false,
     header: 'a.viewLabel'
});

A: The inner accordion is treated as part of the original accordion because the selector finds all the elements that match your selector regardless of where they are located inside the DOM tree of the element you instantiate on.
I would suggest to separate the inner accordion with different classes and to instantiate a new accordion inside.
Here's an example.
HTML:

item one

item one

item one

item one

item one

item one

JS:
$("#main-nav").accordion({
    autoHeight: false,
    collapsible: true,
    active: false,
    header: 'a.viewLabel'
});

$("#new").accordion({
    autoHeight: false,
    collapsible: true,
    active: false,
    header: 'a.viewLabel1'
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's late and past my bedtime, and the SOH CAH TOA gods were already asleep. So here is a quick and dirty ratio method of approximating it since no angles were given or used.
I guessed that the end of the handgun is probably about 6" away from the pivot of the wrist, although the 6" is just a speculative number and a more accurate number could be substituted here if known.
Then 1/8", 1/4", and 1/2" would be the distance traveled at 6" (at the end of the gun...this is what you were thinking, right?).
Then I solved for the distances traveled at 584', except that I solved for it in terms of inches, then converted the answers to feet. The first one would be (7008" * .125") / 6" = 146"
Just how fast was this footbridge going?
According to wiki, these devices obtain their reading within a fraction of a second. How much wiggle is going to occur in that time frame?
Good luck. I think that you are going to need it.
I've seen a few people argue that the officer pulled over the wrong car, and that other car was passing them and so they weren't speeding.
Apparently the laser guns have a set of crosshairs they look through and the officer can see the "dot" on your car while reading your speed.
*Yes, I go to court after being pulled over. In MD, depending on your driving record and issued ticket, you can trade in your fines and/or points for Volunteer work.
I'm guessing you're going to Court to argue that this Patrolman could have been actually measuring something else besides your vehicle?
Good luck, hopefully the Court will indulge you...but, I hope that you're prepared to actually show through a model or physical demonstration.
Find the model number of the gun the patrolman used and get the specs. It could have a +/- in your range example that makes the patrolman's claim questionable.
In a proper Court, you'd only need to show a doubt that the measurement was correct.
I agree with Chris' numbers. And I assume this gives you more than enough info to factor in your 21" beamwidth and still have the margin of error you were hoping for. There would be the same margin of error in the horizontal plane as well as the vertical plane of course. I would think the much harder thing about this would be to prove that the cop was where you say he was and that you were where you say you were when he took the reading. As others have said though, there are other factors that support the officer's aim being reasonably accurate. And how do you explain the footbridge moving at that speed?
You need to know the angle of error? Which will be harder to explain in court since few people have a grasp of how much 2' or 20' is.
The bad news is, that cosine error causes the device to under report speed, when measured at an angle so don't bother with that, but the geometry is similar.
You have a slender chance if you were in traffic and being passed by somebody, and the officer doesn't show up. You weren't likely to be passed by a moving bridge.
The devices typically lock on the fastest/strong ping return, they probably try to filter out returns that don't show movement.
Ask for an extension, this should move the court date back between a couple weeks and a month. Repeat at least one more time. Trooper doesn't show up, you win.
Exactly, that is what most lawyers are gonna do anyway.
I don't see why you are going through all of this for a speeding ticket when using the good old mechanical failure defense works almost every time.


In 4 Maccabees, the protagonists, Eleazar and the seven Maccabee brothers, are portrayed as the paragons of rational control of emotion. The question posed at the beginning of the reading was: does reason really have control over emotion? It was explained that perhaps reason does not extinguish any feelings a person might have - however it allows a person to escape being controlled by their emotions. It controls their bodily expression, or actions one might make subject to their emotions.
Each of the martyrs in 4 Maccabees is said, finally, to be the proof that reason controls emotion. Any one of the men killed for their refusal to eat unclean meat (pork) could have submitted to their emotions, which most likely primarily consisted of fear. They must have had those emotions, however the point is that they did not allow them to dictate their actions. They could have simply eaten (or even pretended to eat) the pork that they were ordered to eat, but they instead chose to be faithful to God and die instead. This illustrates the Platonic ideals of courage and reason being combined to overcome primal desires. There is a combination of rationality and physical control (this is where I think courage comes in, in the actual acting out of the ideals). Both parts of this are necessary to execute (no pun intended) the Noble Death displayed in 4 Maccabees.
They also dramatically display their reason in all of their death speeches. Eleazar explains that he will not even pretend to eat the meat, as he would be a poor example to the youth. The Maccabees encourage each other to stay faithful to the Law, and to not allow their emotions to make their brothers' deaths in vain. They not only explain that they are dying to follow God's Law, they explain that their legacy is for others. Eleazar is depending on the story of his life/death to inspire the children of Israel. The Maccabees speak about their deaths being the sacrifice that will turn God's punishment to mercy. They are paying for the sins of their fellow Jews, so that God may bring glory to their nation in the future. Their deaths are not only to follow God's Law, but they are for the salvation of the people. This reflect's Middleton's emphasis of the martyr narrative, as well.


We hope that as a student at the School of Education, you enjoy your time with us, and benefit from the wider activities offered by the School and University.
We are a leading School of Education, with an international reputation for the impact and quality of our research and the excellence of our teaching. We are ranked in the top 50 in the world for Education (QS World University Rankings, 2018) and the 2014 Research Excellence Framework ranked the School number 1 in the UK for research impact, and fourth overall in Education in the UK.
Sheffield is a vibrant, multicultural city, with a strong sense of community and an active Students' Union that is consistently rated the best in the UK. Our students play a full and active role in the life of the city, setting up home here and falling in love with the place.
Education touches everyone's life at some stage, which is why debates about education – values, policies, theories and practice – are of global concern. Education is seen as a right and an entitlement, but is increasingly caught up in economic and policy debates about its effects and effectiveness. In the School of Education, our research and teaching sits at the forefront of these debates, focusing on concerns about equity, access, inclusion and social justice.
When you choose to study with us, you will engage with a range of modules that encourage critical thinking and evaluation of contemporary issues that affect children, families and communities in local, national and global contexts. You will understand the inter-disciplinary nature of Education, incorporating Sociology, Psychology, Disability Studies, Philosophy, Politics; History and Anthropology, along with a range of theories and methods for carrying out your own research.
Our students participate in a community of scholarship, with access to research seminars, and opportunities to engage with leading international researchers. You will connect with recent research, with contrasting ways of thinking about Education that may challenge your preconceptions and experiences. As a Sheffield student, you will be able to participate in a range of extra-curricular activities such as GLOSS, Summer Schools, and Global Scholars.
The inter-disciplinary nature of Education means that you can pursue a range of career pathways, for example into teaching; management; family, youth and community work; social care; mental health and well-being, international development, as well as further post-graduate study. Many of our students progress to our MA programmes, our Initial Teacher Education Programme (Post-graduate Diploma in Education) and to doctoral research. We provide support for your personal, academic and career development, and you will develop a wealth of transferable skills as well as in-depth knowledge from your chosen degree programme.
We offer a diverse and multi-disciplinary environment for research and teaching, with consistent feedback in the NSS about the quality of our academic and pastoral support for undergraduate students. Our international community of Masters and Doctoral students receive rigorous research methods training as well as pursuing their own research. Our Doctoral students conduct interdisciplinary research that often helps them to address educational problems and challenges in their home communities. They develop international perspectives through attending conferences and seminars, as well as publishing their research in books, journals and blogs.
As Head of School, I am privileged to work with a talented and diverse group of academic colleagues and students, with all aspects of our work supported by dedicated professional service staff. We aim to make your time with us challenging, memorable and transforming, with new connections, knowledge and friendships that will last a lifetime.


The programme is presented by Christine Delicata and produced by CPI MEDIA.
1/39 Tradition has it that the painting was made by St Luke when he was shipwrecked on the island with St Paul, but recent studies have shown it to be a work following a Siculo-Byzantinesque (Byzantinesque in inspiration and Sicilian in style influence) idiosyncrasy. Most probably it was painted during the 14th century by a foreign artist, possibly from Sicily.
2/39 An ex-voto is a votive offering to a saint or to a divinity. It is donated in fulfillment of a vow (hence the Latin term, short for ex voto suscepto, "from the vow made") or in gratitude or devotion. The earliest known votive paintings are believed to be those found in Naples and go back to the second half of the sixteenth century. By this time the Council of Trent (1545-63) had revitalized the popular Marian cult.
3/39 The third episode happening on World Mission Day, the painting by Giuseppe Cali representing St Paul and the advent of Christianity in Malta. St Paul as depicted in the Acts of the Apostles, the apostle who travels into three separate journeys spreading the good word. On his way to martyrdom he was forced to stop in Malta and the rest is history.
5/39 "For you were made from dust, and to dust you will return." Genesis 3:19. A very particular day in calendar of the Church commemorating all those who parted this world. Despite of the loss, faith drives us in believing that this temporal world is only a preparation to what is to be in the after world. During Medieval times the church professed the Fear of God and apocalyptic scenarios were depicted. Nowadays the Church focuses more on the festal aspect of the souls' departure to a place of eternal glory and bounty.
8/39 The monument of Christ the King by Antonio Sciortino is a significant landmark recalling a very important event in Malta's jubilee celebrations marking the beginning of the 20th century, and the Holy Year 1900 dedicated to Christ the Redeemer. It commemorates the Eucharistic Congress of 1913 which was a very important event involving the participation of not less than five cardinals and 39 archbishops from all over the world. Sciortino creates a majestic monument just outside the entrance to the capital city. The rendering of the surface of the bronze figures is impressionistic while the facial features of Christ were treated with finesse to emphasise and attract attention.
6/39 A beautiful 16th Century chalice made in Paris boasting of fine work with a chasing and exquisitely delicate relief decorations of vine shoots and tendrils are of superior quality. The chalice is presumably a stray from the treasure of the conventual church.
9/39 The Hospitaller Knights settled in Malta in 1530 were they continued their actions against the Muslims and especially the Barbary pirates. Although they had only a few ships they quickly drew the ire of the Ottomans, who were unhappy to see the order resettled. In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers and expel them from Malta and gain a new base from which to possibly launch another assault on Europe. The Knights came out victorious of what is known as the Great Siege of Malta. As a result, St John's Co-Cathedral was built by the Knights of Malta between 1573 and 1578, having been commissioned in 1572 by Grand Master Jean de la Cassière as the conventual church of the Order of the Knights Hospitaller of St John.
12/39 The Adoration of the Magi produced in the 17th century by Maltese artist Stefano Erardi. Erardi's art is stylistically rooted in tradition of Bolognese painters of the early seicento. He was one of Malta's leading native artists, who, although bred in a Late Mannerist idiom, his art matured significantly after the advent of Mattia Preti (1613-99) in Malta in the 1660's.
The painting was produced for the chapel of the Langue of Allemagne, as it was referred to during the time of the Knights. The chapel was originally assigned to the Langue of England. It was however re-assigned to the Langue of Germany in the Chapter General of 1603, when the Church of England was established.
10/39 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was ordained as a Knight of St John after a 1 year novitiate of joining the holy chivalric order. As a passaggio, Caravaggio donated his largest canvas and the only one ever signed by the artist representing the Beheading of St John the Baptist, the patron saint of the Order.
11/39 The decoration of the barrel vault began in 1660. Mattia Preti, here, used oil-based paint and applied it directly onto the stone. For the next six years Preti toiled with the rest of the vault. He ingeniously used its six bays to fit his narrative cycle. Each bay is subdivided into three sections.
The story of St John starts from the first bay at the main door with the vision of the priest Zachary and ends with the beheading of the saint in the sixth and last bay to the right of the altar.
7/39 "Min m'għandux salib għandu domna!" Many crosses are linked to a number of traditions or events which took place annually in parishes, while others still are thought to have been built to commemorate a particularly important figure or historical happening. At times it is also popularly known as is-Salib tad-Dejma. This nomenclature takes us back to Medieval times when the Maltese used to organize some sort of Militia according to towns of origin in order to defend their town and coastal area from any possible attacks from raiders coming by sea.
13/39 "I am the resurrection and the life" (John 11, 25) Three artists were involved in the embellishment of the Msida Church ceiling: Anton Inglott, Emvin Cremona and Raymond Pitre'. These works mark a turning point in Maltese art, with the most talented Anton Inglott who was one of the most significant figures in the history of the twentieth century Maltese painting. He injected the artistic scenario with a new verve – an artistic style that no one had ever dreamed of even coming close to.
Unfortunately, his untimely demise halted and interrupted the works in the church.
15/39 Mazzuoli carried out some major commissions for the Order of Malta, most noticeably the main altar of St. John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta, finished in 1703. There, he created a marble group of the Baptism of Christ which might on the one hand have been influenced by Cafà's undocumented and abandoned designs from 1666, and it is certainly strongly dependent on a small baptism group by Alessandro Algardi. In the same church, he produced in his later years allegorical figures for the tomb of Ramon Perellos y Roccaful (died 1720), Grand Master of the Order of Malta.
16/39 The first chapel on the south side of the church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and was the first one to be given a particular devotion. The chapel housed the icon of the Virgin of Philermos that the knights had brought with them from Rhodes. The icon was believed to be miraculous and drew great devotion especially before battle when the knights would congregate and pray for the intercession of the Virgin Mary.
When they returned victorious they would again congregate in the chapel and give thanks and present the keys of the conquered fortresses to the Virgin. The keys to the fortresses of Lepanto, Passava, Hammet and Patras are still present within the chapel.
14/39 Hilary Spiteri interviews Maltese artist Nathanael Theuma.
17/39 Hilary Spiteri interviews artist Vincent Borg. He is struck by the works of the major exponents of the Russian avant-garde movements Suprematism and Constructivism, that marked the beginning of the 20th century. Lately, his endeavours were mainly focused on developing abstract images characterised by geometric shapes, hard edges and flat colours.
18/39 Pisani (1854-1932) is considered one of Malta's most important artists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He started his studies with Mikiel Bellanti and Nazju Cortis and won a scholarship at the Accademia di San Luca and the British Academy in Rome. His career was, however, largely overshadowed by Giuseppe Calì (1846-1930) who netted some of the most lucrative and prestigious commissions. In spite of having such a formidable competitor, Pisani got his fair share of sacred art and portrait work.
19/39 Melchiorre Cafa establishes himslef in Rome c.1658 where he produced the statue of St Paul in c.1659 and sent it to Malta. The work was origanally commissioned by either the Bonnici or Testaferrata families. It was produced in the studio of Ercole Ferrata in Rome and later donates to the Church of St Paul Shipwreck, Valletta.
An early work by Cafa and still under the influence of the Roman Baroque Classical Style by Alessandro Algardi.
20/39 Hilary Spiteri interviews artist Joe Saliba born in Qormi, Malta.
21/39 Immagni focused on artist Charles Cassar. The work chosen was the Spirituality of St George Preca. Charles Cassar was one of Malta's leading artists. He hailed from Valletta but resided and worked in Kappara. He was educated at the Lyceum, University of Malta and at the Malta School of Art. In 1964, he placed first in the scholarship exam and was awarded a four-year-government grant to further his artistic education abroad.
24/39 Immagni does its final stop at Qormi St George Parish Church focusing on two monumental Neoclassical paintings by Pietro Paolo Caruana (1794-1852).
At a very young age, Pietro Paolo Caruana, has shown that he was very talented. In 1819 he was sent to Rome where he furthered his artistic skills. Among the works executed in Rome, we find, the Archangel Michael and St. George with the Dragon. These two canvases, established him as Malta's up and coming Purist painter. In 1831, he was elected Professor at The Malta School of Art. Caruana died on the 23rd of April 1852 and was buried in the church of Porto Salvo, Valletta.
22/39 A work of notable importance, both on a local and national level. A fifteenth century panel painting that survives in a dilapidated state and is in need of restoration. The Qormi Pala d'Altare is one of Malta's late Medieval works of art that are still extant to this present day showcasing a socio-artistic context to Malta's medieval past and thus an object of high value and artistic validity.
23/39 The figure of God looks directly at the viewer with his left hand placed upon the world, depicted in the form of an orb. In the same hand, he holds a staff, while his right hand is lifted up in a blessing gesture. As God the Father sits upon a cloud, He is surrounded by putti. Light fills the painting from the left, a characteristic typical of the Baroque period; but it also shines out of God the Father himself, as can be seem from the triangular halo behind upon his head. The palette used by the Preti is bright with a gold tint which is commonly found in his earlier works on the island.
25/39 A statue that was greeted 75 years ago in the streets of Qormi. Produced by one of the most significant and highly influential sculptors in Malta. The statue representing St Sebastian by George Borg.


(Reuters) – A descendant of an American slave on Wednesday sued Harvard University to gain possession of photos of her great-great-great grandfather that the school commissioned in 1850 on behalf of a professor trying to prove the inferiority of black people.
The photos, depicting a black man named Renty and his daughter Delia, were taken as part of a study by Harvard Professor Louis Agassiz and are among the earliest known photos of American slaves. They are currently kept at the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnography at Harvard's Cambridge, Massachusetts campus.
Tamara Lanier of Norwich, Connecticut, who claims to be the great-great-great-granddaughter of Renty, accused Harvard of celebrating its former professor who studied "racist pseudoscience" and profiting from photos that were taken without Renty and his daughter's consent.
"By denying Ms. Lanier's superior claim to the daguerreotypes, Harvard is perpetuating the systematic subversion of black property rights that began during slavery and continued for a century thereafter," the complaint said, referring to an early form of photography.
Harvard is the latest elite academic institution criticized for its failure to reckon with a racist past. In 2016, a member of Yale University's kitchen staff shattered a stained glass window depicting slaves in a field, drawing national attention and overwhelming support from students who took up his protest against what they said was Yale's implicit endorsement of a racist history.


text:
POLITICS IN THE RUHR METROPOLIS
© Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf
The Federal Republic of Germany possesses complex political checks and balances of power. Germans, including residents of the Ruhr Metropolis, have long become avid democrats where state elections can reveal a turnout of 70% and above. But votes are just the beginning.
Most people believe democracy reflects majority rule. The truth is, Germany is a classic example that it does not. Indeed, the British mother of them all resisted universal suffrage for centuries. Even Sir Winston Churchill is famously paraphrased in various ways. He considered democracy to be the worst system he knew, yet better that all the others.
In Germany too, minorities can hold enormous power even if the constitution presents barriers to many political initiatives. Most importantly, a 5% hurdle prevents parties entering parliament.
Political Parties in Germany
Two major parties offer slightly different versions of socially leaning leadership. The CDU or Cristian Democratic Union stands to the right of the SPD or Social Democratic Party. The choice is between their leaders. Angela Merkel has been around for a very long time and is stepping down in 2021. Her main opponent has varied. One is skilled as the incumbent but frustrates with procrastination, the other less known but respected for policy positioning. Merkel's successor is expected to be Armin Laschet.
Simplicity ends with the Bavarian political movement CSU or Christian Social Union. The perpetual partner of the CDU is farther to the right in the political spectrum.
The liberal FDP or Free Democratic Party is small yet has played kingpin to share power in central government over several periods of legislation. It has lost direction and appeal to the populace for quite some time. The Green party is a creation of alliances over recent decades. It has also been a minor partner in coalition with the SPD to enjoy power in Berlin across the millennium.
The Left wing party has been around since reunification, achieving a fairly small but constant representation. The latest addition is the opportunistic AfD or Alternative for Germany. Formed only a few years ago, this party is on the far right, anti Euro, EU-sceptic, against immigration and Islam-phobic. Several more small, sometimes radical, left and right leaning parties exist.
Insights to Elections
Germans often struggle with the ever-increasing power their country has attained along with global expectations and demands placed upon their leadership in the world order. Most observers consider major topics in elections to be the continuity of social democracy, immigration, the Euro and the European Central Bank's quantitive easing as well as trust in a strong leadership.
Direct nomination is balanced with party lists and proportional representation. When poll stations close, calculating the ensuing number of seats and possible coalitions in the lower house can be lengthy. The balance of power in the upper house reflects all parties in power in the sixteen German states.
EU legislation allows its citizens to vote in local and European elections held in the country where they are registered. In general elections expats are merely bystanders, even though they pay taxes and bring their skills as well as other influence to their chosen society.
Observers and polls regularly forecast the further rise of the AfD to enter parliament in a more widespread manner along with all the other aforementioned parties. Individuals and smaller minority parties stand for various elections, such as in the local and mayoral Kommunalwahlen. Consequences for Germany, the relationship with France and the EU, the United Kingdom, the Euro and major global policies can be expected whatever the election.
By Vincent Green / Jun 28 2021
BEACHES IN RUHR
It may come as a surprise of newly arrived expats that beaches can be found in the Ruhr Metropolis. Fine sand and shingle are ideal for walking, playing, relaxing and picnicking. People flock to enjoy spaces beside the rivers and lakes, especially on warm and sunny summer days. Photo © Ralph Lueger.
AIRPORT GETAWAY
The airport in Düsseldorf is located under thirty kilometres from the centre of Essen. DUS offers the Ruhr Metropolis easy access to many destinations worldwide. Journey times can vary enormously depending on the time of day. Public transport includes ICE or S-Bahn trains to the terminal via a Skytrain connection.
Socialising in the Ruhr


Being able to speak a foreign language opens many doorswhen travelling abroad. Even being able to speak just a few words in a foreign language – phrases like hello, please and thank you – will generally give you a much more welcoming reception among the locals.
One of the most popular languages to learn is Spanish. That's not surprising, given that some of the world's most popular travel destinations are Spanish-speaking countries. The Spanish language is spoken in countries such as Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Chile, Peru, and Argentina – somewhere between 400 and 500 million people in 20 different countries have Spanish as their native language.
So learning Spanish is not only a wonderful hobby, it can also be useful career move, particularly in the United States, where an increasing number of Spanish-speakers have settled and represent a major economic force. But how and where to learn Spanish?
Among the best ways of learning Spanish is at a Spanish school in a Spanish-speaking country. That means you will be completely immersed in the language, from the day-to-day interaction with the locals to the programming on TV and radio as well as shopping in local supermarkets – you will be forced to communicate in your new language. There is no faster way of learning a foreign language than beingfully immersed in it without being able to resort back to English.
Most Spanish language schools offer 4 hours of standard instruction a day, with the option of extra lessons or private tutoring in the afternoon. Instruction usually takes place in small groups with a lot of attention from the instructor. Students are divided into different groups based on their level of existing language knowledge.
Spanish language students have various accommodation options, from staying with local families (great for language immersion outside of class), to shared student apartments to nearby hotels and bed and breakfasts. A homestay with a local family is usually a particularly cost-effective option as meals are often included.
The audience at Spanish schools can be quite diverse: young university students, business professionals and retirees from places like Europe, North America and Asia can be found at these language schools. My own Spanish study experience includes two weeks at the University of Havana in Cuba, and three different Spanish schools in Cuernavaca and Guadalajara, Mexico. The mix of people at the schools is fascinating and the atmosphere I have experienced is always friendly and welcoming. Studying at a language school, in my opinion, is one of the absolute best ways to travel.
Language schools organize a variety of excursions, local activities and tours which help you safely explore your destination and learn about its history, food and culture. The camaraderie among the Spanish language students is usually excellent, and you will probably find one or more people to go out with every day. It's a great way to travel for solo travelers and a particularly safe way to travel for women.
Please visit our website for more travel advice and interesting travel articles and adventures .
Check out the article series from my 2010 language study trip in Mexico.
Read about my 2006 language learning adventures in Mexico City and Cuernavaca.
Here are my 2005 language study experiences in Havana, Cuba.
Feel free to contact us if you ever have a need for Spanish translations.
Thank you for your comment. Learning the language of a foreign destination is always extremely helpful, even for shorter-term stays. Cultures open up so much more easily when one is able to communicate with the locals in their language, even if one only knows a few phrases. And for a longer-term stay, knowing the language is definitely advisable. Do you have any experience with studying abroad?


The culture of India has been formed by its extended history, unique geography and diverse demographics by preserving its ancient heritages which were formed during the Indus valley civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, Golden age, Muslim conquest, Mugal period and European Colonization.
India's immense diversity of religious practices, language, customs, and traditions are examples of this exclusive co-mingling over the past five millennium. The various religions and traditions of India that were created by these amalgamations have influenced other parts of the world too like Japan, China etc.
Indian's classical dance has it's origin as far back as 400 BC. Dances like "Bharathanatyam, Odyssey, Kuchippudi, Mohiniyattom, Kathakali, Kathak" etc have their own codifications and prosperous in "Natya", the sacred Hindu musical theater styles. India's cuisine, just like its languages and culture is varied and rich in tradition and an attraction worldwide. Thus India with its vast cultural identity and diversity and scenic beauty is one of the most richly rewarding nations of the world to visit.
The Indian period is in unique in its art, literature and architecture, rooted in history, culture and religion. Each religion and philosophical provided it's own nuances , vast metaphors and similes , rich associations , wild imaginations, illustration of gods and celestial beings, characterization of people, the single purpose and ideal of life to be interpreted in the art.


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Indian Law Alert
By: Bart J. Freedman, Benjamin A. Mayer, Daniel C. Kelly-Stallings, Thomas Scott Miller
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (the "Ninth Circuit") reaffirmed principles of tribal sovereign immunity in a ruling on August 8, 2016.[1] The Ninth Circuit issued an opinion stating that an Indian tribe does not waive its tribal sovereign immunity when it removes a case from state to federal court. The Ninth Circuit reasoned that it would be unfair and inconsistent with tribal immunity principles to imply waiver from the mere act of removal.[2]
The case serves as a reminder of best practices that attorneys and businesses should keep in mind when doing business with Indian tribes. Specifically, it is a reminder that any contract with a tribe, be it for employment, services, a business transaction, or anything else, is likely unenforceable in state and federal court if there is no express waiver of tribal sovereign immunity contained in the contract. In any dealings with an Indian tribe, it is worth bearing in mind that sovereign immunity, where not waived, may protect tribes from attempts to enforce contracts or statutes.
The case, Bodi v. Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, involved an employment dispute. Plaintiff Beth Bodi was employed by the Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians (the "Tribe").[3] The Tribe terminated her employment after she attempted to take medical leave protected by the federal Family Medical Leave Act.[4] Ms. Bodi was rehired by the Tribe, but she was then terminated again after she told tribal officials she was willing to sue in state court for her earlier termination.[5] She eventually sued the Tribe in California state court for the original termination.[6]
The case quickly focused on the interaction between removal jurisdiction and tribal sovereign immunity.[7] The Tribe removed the case to federal court and then, a week later, moved to dismiss Ms. Bodi's complaint, asserting a tribal sovereign immunity defense.[8] In response, Ms. Bodi argued that removing the case to federal court acted as a waiver of the Tribe's sovereign immunity.[9] She reasoned that by removing the case, the Tribe unequivocally subjected itself to the jurisdiction of the federal court.[10] The district court agreed with Ms. Bodi, holding that the act of removing the case waived tribal sovereign immunity.[11] The Tribe then appealed directly to the Ninth Circuit.[12]
The district court's decision went against the grain of existing legal authority. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals addressed this exact issue in 2012 in Contour Spa at the Hard Rock, Inc. v. Seminole Tribe of Fla., and held that removal of a case alone does not waive tribal sovereign immunity.[13]
The Ninth Circuit reached the same conclusion.[14] Importantly, the Ninth Circuit based its decision on the high standard for waiver in sovereign immunity cases. A waiver of tribal sovereign immunity "cannot be implied but must be unequivocally expressed."[15] In addition, the expression of waiver must "manifest the tribe's intent to surrender immunity in 'clear' and unmistakable terms."[16] The Ninth Circuit concluded that it would "defy logic" to hold that removal of a case alone constituted an unequivocal expression of intent to surrender immunity.[17] The Ninth Circuit concluded that it would be unfair to force tribes to choose between their right to a federal forum and their right to assert tribal sovereign immunity, rejecting Ms. Bodi's attempts to analogize tribal immunity to Eleventh Amendment immunity and foreign sovereign immunity.[18]
The Ninth Circuit's opinion should be welcome news to Indian tribes within the Ninth Circuit, assuring them that they can remove a case to federal court without losing what is often a case-critical immunity defense. The opinion also serves as a reminder to practitioners that tribal sovereign immunity is always an important issue when interacting with tribal interests and that in transactions with Indian tribes and tribal entities, sovereign immunity must be taken into consideration and addressed appropriately.
[1] Bodi v. Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, No. 14-16121 (Aug. 8, 2016), http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/08/08/14-16121.pdf.
[2] Id. at 20–21.
[3] Id. at 4.
[6] Id. at 4–5.
[12] Id. at 6.
[13] 692 F.3d 1200, 1206–08 (11th Cir. 2012).
[14] The unanimous opinion was authored by Circuit Judge Michelle T. Friedland and joined by Circuit Judge M. Margaret McKeown and Robert D. Sack, Second Circuit Judge sitting by designation.
[15] Bodi, No. 14-16121, at 8 (quoting Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49, 56 (1978)).
[16] Id. at 9 (citing C&L Enters., Inc. v. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe, 532 U.S. 411, 418 (2001)).
[17] Id. at 12.
[18] Id. at 15–21.
Bart J. Freedman
Benjamin A. Mayer
Daniel C. Kelly-Stallings
This publication/newsletter is for informational purposes and does not contain or convey legal advice. The information herein should not be used or relied upon in regard to any particular facts or circumstances without first consulting a lawyer. Any views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the law firm's clients.
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Episode 63 Aired: Tuesday, October 5th 2021
The Revolution Will Be Brewed with Margaret Nyamumbo
Margaret is the founder of Kahawa 1893 Coffee. She is a third generation coffee farmer from Kenya and grew up on a coffee farm immigrating to the USA. After earning her MBA from Harvard, she went on to work on Wall Street, where she rediscovered her passion for coffee. She founded Kahawa 1893 with a mission to close the gender gap in coffee. In Kenya, over 90% of labor in coffee comes from women. However, they aren't fairly compensated because they don't own the land. Margaret's coffee is roasted and distributed from San Francisco and the brand recently launched in Trader Joe's - the first black & woman-owned coffee brand to launch in the grocery chain.
Photo courtesy of Margaret Nyamumbo.
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June 6, 2019 June 9, 2019 Jordan Peterson Movie Reviews
'Dark Phoenix' Review: Not Quite The Blaze Of Glory 'X-Men' Deserved
Directed by: Simon Kinberg
Written by: Simon Kinberg
Starring: Sophie Turner, James McAvoy, Jennifer Lawrence, Michael Fassbender, Nicolas Hoult, Tye Sheridan, Jessica Chastain
Rating: PG-13 (for intense sequences of sci-fi violence and action including some gunplay, disturbing images, and brief strong language)
Running time: 118 min.
From the ashes of the middling Apocalypse (2016) comes Dark Phoenix, the 12th film in the 20 year-old X-Men franchise, at least from 20th Century Fox. Disappointingly, Phoenix isn't exactly the swansong that these enduring Mutants deserve. It's also not quite as disastrous as the punishingly awful X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009).
For the first time in franchise history, the X-Men blast off into outer space. Their mission: rescue the survivors of a doomed NASA launch. The film wastes no time in getting there, either. Mere minutes after the title card, our heroes are frantically teleporting survivors from the shattered shuttle to the X-Jet in a race against the clock. It's a thrilling sequence. That's when Jean Grey (Sophie Turner), a telekinetic telepath, absorbs a cloud of super-powerful, super-sparkly space dust that endows her with more power than she can control.
Back on Earth, Jean begins experiences violent emotional outbursts as well as fits of possession during which she takes pleasure in the total annihilation of everything and everyone in her path. As harrowing as this all sounds, most of it amounts to little more than a two-hour string of emotionally weightless teary-eyed exchanges between X-Men and X-Women because Jean herself demonstrates no agency. She is a living MacGuffin, motivating "the real heroes" from plot point "A" to plot point "B" all the way through the story until a very precise moment during the climax. By then, so much of the story of Dark Phoenix has felt so surgical that by the end, nothing feels like it was deserved.
It's difficult to take a film seriously when the dialogue is unnaturally clunky and frequently cheesy. "Nobody would ever say that, especially in this moment!" is a thought that often crossed my mind. Not to mention I lost count of how many times Turner choked on the line "I don't know what's happening to me!" or another Mutant assuredly declared "That's not the Jean that I know!" After an hour, the melodrama in Dark Phoenix was beginning to feel more like a bad joke.
While Turner's Jean is unfortunately stilted, writer-director Simon Kinberg explores some interesting new ground with some of our other other favorite X-folk. Without going into spoilers, Nicolas Hoult has much more to do as Beast here than any previous entry and the young actor effortlessly bares the extra weight. Meanwhile, Dark Phoenix examines Charles Xavier, headmaster of the School for Gifted Youngsters and leader of the X-Men, through a darker lens than we're used to. This makes for a couple of truly captivating moments and as usual James McAvoy is a force to be reckoned with from the wheelchair.
The rest of the cast largely give terrific performances. The predictably unfortunate exception is Jennifer Lawrence as the blue shape-shifter Mystique. Yet again, Lawrence seems to be appearing in an X-Men film against her will, at least that's what her work implies. Jessica Chastain joins the roster this time out as the main antagonist, who's come to Earth from another world seeking the Phoenix Force for her own exploits. Disappointingly, Chastain doesn't make much of an impact on the story and like a lot of other characters, her main goal is to simply exist. Special recognition should go to Sophie Turner as Jean, who demonstrates some strong work despite not being given much to go off other than being really, really sad. Michael Fassbender also stands out, particularly during one scene wherein he desperately needs to know "Whose blood is that?"
Dark Phoenix doesn't soar to the heights of previous X-Men films (Days of Future Past and X2: X-Men United immediately come to mind), but it does boast some moments of sincere implication. That's more than I can say for that one Wolverine movie.
⭐⭐1/2 (out of five)
Have you had a chance yet to check out Dark Phoenix? If so, what did you think? Were you a fan of FOX's final X-Men movie? Or did you think it was a letdown? Jump down to the comments below and let me know!
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Tagged 20th Century Fox, comic books, James McAvoy, Jennifer Lawrence, Jessica Chastain, Marvel, Michael Fassbender, Movie Reviews, Nicholas Hoult, Simon Kinberg, Sophie Turner, superheroes, Tye Sheridan, X-Men
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Repost.Us Gives Publishers an Easy Way to Syndicate Articles Online
By Seth Fiegerman 2013-04-20 02:19:25 UTC
The Launchpad is a series that introduces Mashable readers to compelling startups. If you would like to have your startup considered for inclusion, please see the details here.
Name: Repost.Us
One-Liner Pitch: Repost.Us helps publishers share and embed complete articles on the web, including the original publisher's advertising and branding.
Why It's Taking Off: The startup aims to make it as easy for publishers to share complete articles as YouTube makes it to share videos.
For years, people in the media have been debating the proper etiquette for re-posting portions of an article from one online publication to another. Now, one new startup is trying put this issue to rest once and for all.
Repost.Us, a free service that launched earlier this week, provides publishers with a platform to share and embed full articles in the same way that YouTube lets users embed video clips. Websites can add a Repost button to their articles, which others can click on to re-publish all of the content in the article — along with videos, the original publisher's advertising and branding, and any updates to the article that occur afterwards. Repost also provides a directory of content that publishers can search through and publish on their own website.
"The fundamental problem, we realized, is that it's really hard to share content on the Internet," John Pettitt, the company's founder and CEO, told Mashable in an interview. "People look at me like I'm crazy when I say that. It's easy to share a link, but if you want to share an article, you have to ask permission and manually copy it and make sure you get it right."
Pettitt, a serial entrepreneur who launched multiple companies in the '90s, had been quasi-retired from the tech world in recent years. Yet, he felt inspired to dive back in with Repost after seeing some of his friends struggle with trying to get permission to re-publish articles or, on the flip side, having their own articles lifted with little to no attribution.
"If you look at the history of syndication, you wrote content and sent it over the hill to the next place to run it," Pettitt says. But in recent years, he believes, publishers have chosen to believe in the power of links back rather than risk letting publications syndicate entire articles. "Everybody got stuck in this fiction that they're only one link away so they can come to me."
Much of this, of course, comes down to page views and ad revenue. Until now, if one website took another's article without linking back, the latter publication would be at risk of losing visitors and impressions. But according to Repost, even with a link, the vast majority of readers won't click through to the original website. With Repost, on the other hand, the original publisher can syndicate their content and still get page views and ad revenue from it.
In short, the goal for Repost, according to Pettitt, is to make it easy for big and small publishers to profit from sharing complete articles as it is for content producers to share and profit from videos using the embed code from websites like YouTube.
Repost currently has articles available to re-share from thousands of websites, including Fox Sports, PandoDaily and newspapers like the Times-Picayune. There are about 3.4 million articles in its system right now, with 20,000-40,000 more added each day.
Pettitt says his team has reached out to many publishers and has found that they tend to fall into one of two camps: there are those that get the concept and those that he describes as "Lord of the Rings publishers," which "treat their content as My Precious," and won't let it be sent out elsewhere. As Pettitt himself admits, Repost probably makes more sense for smaller publishers in need of exposure rather than bigger institutions like The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal who may worry about "business cannibalization."
Repost has already received some praise from those in the journalism world. In an announcement for the public launch earlier this week, Repost quoted journalism professor Jeff Jarvis who said that the service "should end the wars over aggregation and copyright."
The startup has six employees and is privately funded, though Pettitt says he is looking to raise a Series A round of funding later this year. Repost generates revenue by placing an ad of its own in the stories that get embedded and by using its service to distribute marketing content.
Image courtesy of Repost
Topics: Business, Media, Startups, The Launchpad


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