In late nineteenth century Australia, Annette Kellerman, a child recovering from polio, yearns to play like other children. Her devoted father Frederick, who owns a music conservatory, gently asks her not to be jealous, but, instead, concentrate on her music. One day, the maid reports that Annette has run away and Frederick finds her swimming in a nearby river. She calms her worried father by telling him that she has taught herself to swim and the exercise has helped her walk without braces. Over the years, Annette continues to grow stronger and soon begins ballet, in addition to her daily swims. With her father's encouragement, she becomes a champion and eventually wins the New South Wales Women's Amateur Freestyle cup. Because of economic problems in Australia, Frederick is forced to close the conservatory and accept a teaching position in London. On the voyage to England, the Kellermens meet American promoter James Sullivan, who, with his friend Doc Cronnol, is training "Sidney," a boxing kangaroo. Jimmy is impressed by Annette's abilities and looks, and suggests that she let him manage her professional swimming career. While Annette is amused at the suggestion, Frederick is incensed and chastises Jimmy for the insult. When they arrive in London, Frederick finds that the music school has closed after the death of its owner. Without work, and with their funds dwindling, Annette is forced to pawn most of her swimming trophies. One day, Annette is visited by Jimmy and Doc, who have had bad luck promoting Sidney. Jimmy suggests that Annette do a six-mile swim to Greenwich as a publicity stunt for the act and offers her five pounds. Annette is interested, but suggests that she swim twenty-six miles. On the day of the swim, there are no reporters to see her off, but Annette goes into the Thames, with Doc and Jimmy rowing alongside. When the crew of a passing barge see Annette, word spreads of her swim and soon thousands of spectators cheer her on as she passes through London. Frederick, who has read of the swim in the newspaper, also cheers her on and warmly greets his exhausted daughter when she arrives at Greenwich. The next day, Jimmy is flooded with offers for Annette but turns them all down, telling her and Frederick that he knows Alfred Harper, owner of the New York Hippodrome, and proposes building a huge water ballet around Annette. With Jimmy willing to sell Sidney to pay for their passage to America, Frederick and Annette agree to go with him. In New York, Alfred turns down Jimmy's idea because Annette is not known in the U.S., but offers her a job as a showgirl. The disappointed Jimmy urges Annette to take the offer because they are almost broke, but Annette wants to earn enough money to buy Frederick a new conservatory and suggests accompanying Jimmy and Doc to Boston where she will do another marathon swim. In Boston, Annette shocks the prim locals by appearing in a one-piece bathing suit that shows her bare arms and legs and is soon arrested for indecent exposure on Revere Beach. The newspapers are filled with stories about Annette, and Frederick urges her to fight the "medieval" charges. At her trial, Annette convinces the judge that the one-piece bathing suit is necessary for championship swimming and he dismiss the case when she shows him a suit she has altered to include attached stockings. Publicity about Annette spreads throughout the world and she becomes a hit in a swimming and diving carnival show run by Jimmy. The two fall in love, and Jimmy is about to offer her an engagement ring when Annette considers a $500 a week job offer from stuffy Mr. Aldrich, who wants her to begin a dignified lecture tour. After arguing with her over accepting the offer, Jimmy thinks that she will leave him for better things and goes to Florida with Doc to work with a stunt flyer. That evening, Annette turns Aldrich down, but later receives a telegram from Alfred offering her a water ballet at the Hippodrome. Sure that there will also be a job for Jimmy, Annette goes to the carnival, but discovers that he has left without a word. Annette takes the job at the Hippodrome and soon becomes the headliner. Annette is still in love with Jimmy, but Frederick, who now leads the Hippodrome orchestra, tells her that Jimmy will only come to her when he feels that he has something to offer. Frederick dies the following season, a crushing blow to Annette. Some time later, Doc asks Annette to stop Jimmy from entering a dangerous cross-country flying race with a $50,000 prize. Annette arrives just before Jimmy takes off, but when she sees him kiss a pretty spectator, she becomes jealous and the two start to argue. Jimmy refuses to cancel his flight, so Annette has a policeman serve him an injunction, claiming that he absconded with $200 from their carnival show, not knowing that the money was for her engagement ring. Jimmy then dismissively gives her the ring and leaves in the plane. Alfred, meanwhile, has fallen in love with Annette and wants to marry her, but she will not give him an answer. Although Jimmy's plane goes down, he is not seriously hurt, but the he disappears before the worried Annette can speak with him. At Christmas, Alfred again proposes to Annette, and this time she accepts. They soon leave for Hollywood, where Annette will appear in her first film, Neptune's Daughter . On the train west, they run into Jimmy and Doc, who are trying to sell phony Indian blankets and hoping to get a German shepherd named "Rin Tin Tin" into the movies. Some weeks later, on the last day of filming the movie, Alfred looks forward to the start of his honeymoon with Annette, but is hurt to see that she still has Jimmy's ring. Soon after Annette dives into the water for her last scene, a crack starts to appear on the glass of the huge tank. Despite the desperate signaling of the crew, warning her of danger, Annette is trapped and swept onto the broken glass as the tank bursts. Newspapers around the world report the serious accident and two weeks later, her prognosis is still in doubt. When Alfred sees Jimmy, who has secretly come to the hospital every day, he takes him up to Annette's room. Before they can see her, however, the doctor tells them that she may never walk again. On the doctor's suggestion, both men leave, but Jimmy sneaks back to her room. Seeing Annette's depression, Jimmy urges her on, saying that Alfred is a "terrific guy" and that she can overcome her injuries just as she did as a child. Just then Alfred comes into the room and, seeing the love that Jimmy and Annette share, wishes them well and gives Jimmy the ring. As Alfred leaves, Jimmy puts the ring on Annette's finger and they kiss.
Sound: Mono (Western Electric Recording) Production Co: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corp.


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The F box protein Fbx6 regulates Chk1 stability and cellular sensitivity to replication stress.
Yw, Zhang J, Brognard C, Coughlin Z, You M, Dolled-Filhart A, Aslanian G, Manning Rt, Abraham T, Hunter
ATR and Chk1 are two key protein kinases in the replication checkpoint. Activation of ATR-Chk1 has been extensively investigated, but checkpoint termination and replication fork restart are less well understood. Here, we report that DNA damage not only activates Chk1, but also exposes a degron-like region at the carboxyl terminus of Chk1 to an Fbx6...
A conserved ubiquitination pathway determines longevity in response to diet restriction.
Ac, Carrano Z, Liu A, Dillin T, Hunter
Published in Nature
Dietary restriction extends longevity in diverse species, suggesting that there is a conserved mechanism for nutrient regulation and prosurvival responses. Here we show a role for the HECT (homologous to E6AP carboxy terminus) E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP-1 as a positive regulator of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans in response to dietary restriction....
PI-3 kinase activity is necessary for ERK1/2-induced disruption of mammary epithelial architecture
Pearson, Gray W Hunter, Tony
Published in Breast Cancer Research
IntroductionEpithelial tumors, including breast cancer, are being identified and treated at earlier stages of tumor development because of technological advances in screening and detection methods. It is likely that early-stage epithelial tumors, such as mammary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), will be amenable to new and more efficacious diagnosti...
Tyrosine phosphorylation: thirty years and counting.
Published in Current Opinion in Cell Biology
In the 30 years since its discovery, tyrosine phosphorylation has emerged as a fundamentally important mechanism of signal transduction and regulation in all eukaryotic cells, governing many processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, metabolic homeostasis, transcriptional activation, neural transmission, differentiation and de...
TORC-specific phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): phospho-Ser2481 is a marker for intact mTOR signa...
J, Copp G, Manning T, Hunter
Published in Cancer Research
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) serine/threonine kinase is the catalytic component of two evolutionarily conserved signaling complexes. mTOR signaling complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key regulator of growth factor and nutrient signaling. S6 kinase is the best-characterized downstream effector of mTORC1. mTOR signaling complex 2 (mTORC2) has a role...
Genic regions of a large salamander genome contain long introns and novel genes
Smith, Jeramiah J Putta, Srikrishna Zhu, Wei Pao, Gerald M Verma, Inder M Hunter, Tony Bryant, Susan V Gardiner, David M Harkins, Timothy T Voss, S Randal ...
Published in BMC Genomics
BackgroundThe basis of genome size variation remains an outstanding question because DNA sequence data are lacking for organisms with large genomes. Sixteen BAC clones from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum: c-value = 32 × 109 bp) were isolated and sequenced to characterize the structure of genic regions.ResultsAnnotation of genes within BAC...
Microarray and cDNA sequence analysis of transcription during nerve-dependent limb regeneration
Monaghan, James R Epp, Leonard G Putta, Srikrishna Page, Robert B Walker, John A Beachy, Chris K Zhu, Wei Pao, Gerald M Verma, Inder M Hunter, Tony ...
Published in BMC Biology
Background Microarray analysis and 454 cDNA sequencing were used to investigate a centuries-old problem in regenerative biology: the basis of nerve-dependent limb regeneration in salamanders. Innervated (NR) and denervated (DL) forelimbs of Mexican axolotls were amputated and transcripts were sampled after 0, 5, and 14 days of regeneration.Results ...
RING finger proteins as E3 ubiquitin ligases
Joazeiro, C A P Tony Hunter
CtIP links DNA double-strand break sensing and resection
You, Z Shi, L Z Zhu, Q Wu, P Zhang, Y W Basilio, A Tonnu, N Verma, I M Berns, M W Tony Hunter ...
Published in Molecular and Cellular Therapies
Degradation of activated protein kinases by ubiquitination.
Z, Lu T, Hunter
Published in Annual Review of Biochemistry
Protein kinases are important regulators of intracellular signal transduction pathways and play critical roles in diverse cellular functions. Once a protein kinase is activated, its activity is subsequently downregulated through a variety of mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of protein kinases commonly initiates their ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


• Interiors Design Award Calendar: Currently, registrations are open. There are 3 entry periods. Early registrations ending date first day of April, standard registrations ending date last day of Semptember, late registrations ending date last day of February. Results will be announced 15th of upcoming April. Register to this award now, click here.
• Interiors Design Award Winners: Past winners of the award with project details and high-resolution images could be found at Interiors design competition winners page at designmag.org. To see the Interiors award winners browse to designmag.org.
• More information regarding this award could be found at Interiors design award information page. To learn more click here. For more design competitions like Interiors design award, click here.


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Sean O'Donnell is een Ierse zanger en gitarist en speelt sedert 2005 bij The Battlefield Band. Hij is afkomstig uit Derry, Noord-Ierland en speelt al gitaar sinds zijn zestiende jaar. Daarnaast speelt hij bas, bouzouki en cither. In 1996 kwam hij naar Schotland en speelde daar met de Schots-Ierse band Bionic, The Emily Smith Band, The Michael McGoldrick Band en Daimh. Voor The Battlefield Band deed hij mee aan de opname voor The Road of Tears. Vanaf 12 december 2008 is Sean in samenwerking gegaan met de leadzanger van Yellowcard, Ryan Key.

Iers zanger
Iers gitarist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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About Kyphoscoliosis Syndrome
Spinalis Thoracis and Exercise
What Is Bilateral Foraminal Stenosis?
Does Yoga Help Scoliosis?
Causes of Shoulder Blades Sticking Out
Causes of Sacrum Joint Pain
What Is Kyphotic Posture?
By Nick Ng ; Updated August 14, 2017
Kyphotic posture, or kyphosis, is not only common among the elderly population, but also for many who sit behind a desk frequently, such as students and office workers. It is one of the primary causes of back pain, neck pain, migraines and weak hips. With the right intervention and awareness, people with kyphosis can improve their condition by improving their posture and getting the right type of treatment.
From a side view, kyphosis is the excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, causing a a "C" shape instead of a "S" shape of a normal spine. This curvature causes the lumbar spine to flex, negating its natural extension. The shoulders are rounded forward and the pelvis is tipped backward (posterior pelvic tilt), causing the rectus abdominus and chest muscles to shorten and tighten.
Postural kyphosis is the most common type of kyphosis and is often caused by habitual slouching, such as from sitting or standing for long periods of time. Many people often do not experience much pain and restrictions.
Scheuermann's kyphosis is similar to postural kyphosis, but the vertebrae and disks appear irregular and wedge-shaped, causing constant pain and restrictions during movement.
Congenital kyphosis is where several vertebrae are fused together in infants before they are born. If left untreated, it can cause further curving of the thoracic spine.
Aside from congenital disorders, postural kyphosis is caused by rounding of the shoulders, which flexes the entire spine, particularly the thoracic spine. The chest and abdominal muscles are shortened and tightened while the muscles in the posterior region are lengthened and weakened.
Weakness in the hips and core can also lead to kyphosis, especially with the pelvis tilted back because it causes the torso to pitch back. The head and shoulders are pitched forward to counter-balance the hips.
Common symptoms associated with kyphosis include sciatica, plantar faciitis, back and neck pain, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), and headaches. People with kyphosis get fatigue and weak easily because of their weak hips and core.
Prevention/Solution
Chiropractic care is the most common, non-invasive treatment of kyphosis, where the chiropractor uses combination of different techniques, such as spinal manipulation, trigger point therapy and manual therapy.
When combined with corrective exercises that stretch the tight muscles groups and strengthen the weak ones, people with kyphosis can not only prevent their conditions from getting worse, but may also regain the natural curves of their spine. These exercise programs are often prescribed by physical therapists, chiropractors or medical exercise specialists.
"Pain-Free Program"; Anthony Carey, 2005
"Optimal Performance Training for the Fitness Professional"; Michael Clark, Rodney Corn; 2002.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Spine Universe
Nick Ng has been writing fitness articles since 2003, focusing on injury prevention and exercise strategies. He has covered health for "MiaBella" magazine. Ng received his Bachelor of Arts in communications from San Diego State University in 2001 and has been a certified fitness coach with the National Academy of Sports Medicine since 2002.
What Is Bilateral Hallux Valgus Deformity?
Causes of Thoracic Spine Pain
What Are the Crippling Symptoms of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?
Orthopedic Shoes for Scoliosis
Causes of Pelvic & Back Pain
What Are the Causes of Lumbar Spondylosis?


Renters who choose insurance should take inventory of their possessions when obtaining their insurance policy. While this record doesn't need to be a detailing of every single item in the rental unit, all items of value should be on this list. Renters should begin their list with their most valuable items, keep their purchase receipts in a file, and take photographs of everything. Photographs should also be taken of every room in the rental property, including the inside of closets and cupboards. As a safety precaution, renters can email this inventory to themselves or store it in a ""cloud"" storage system to prevent it from becoming destroyed during a hazard.


What's more embarrassing than showing up to a party wearing something someone else already has on? Our wide selection of unique Halloween adult costumes will help you avoid becoming someone's stunt double. From classic comic book characters like Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman to the Flintstones, American Horror Story, and Disney princesses, our licensed selection is topped by no other. If TV and movie costumes aren't your thing, we have tons of exciting costumes to keep you looking cool, sweet, or sassy. Our Decades and Time Periods section can put you in a Grecian toga, a fabulous flapper dress or gangster suit in the style of the Roaring 20's, a WWII soldier or nurse ready to tend to soldiers' wounds, a 50's doo-wop girl hanging out with the likes of James Dean, 60's hippies, a 70's disco dude or babe, and even a 90's punk rocker! 2018 will definitely be your year to stand out from the crowd and bring in the best costume award too!


The word 'unique' can be a bit overused when it comes to choosing a wedding venue, but Itchenor Sailing Club really is stunningly different. Originally three fishermen's cottages, the Sailing Club was established in 1926, and still maintains an integral charm. With fabulous views down Chichester Harbour, delicious catering and lots of great photo opportunities, it can be as relaxed or as formal as you wish. Your wedding is very much your day here at Itchenor. If you are planning on having your ceremony at the Club, we have two lovely licensed areas: outside on the Bandstand (unlimited guests) or inside in the Members' Room (100 guests) with more for dancing and partying into the night. It also translates very well for smaller, intimate weddings.


After a serious car accident, some individuals decide to "tough it out" and choose not to get medical attention right away. They let days, or even weeks, go by and the pain only gets worse. They finally decide to go see a doctor and are diagnosed with a significant injury like a herniated disc or nerve damage.
Nevertheless, the gap in treatment time is something insurance adjusters routinely try to capitalize on when making an assessment on whether to offer a reasonable amount to settle a personal injury claim.
It is an undeniable fact – in order to build a factual case for your personal injury case after an auto accident, it is crucial that there is documented evidence of medical treatment. The more medical documentation you produce to the insurance adjuster in support of your claim, the more likely you are to obtain a settlement or verdict in your favour.
Insurance claims adjusters will frequently take the position that the lack of treatment is evidence that your injuries may have been caused by something else other than the accident or they have been overstated. We deal with adjusters making this argument on a daily basis.
A gap in treatment is an issue they'll raise and it doesn't help your claim, but it also doesn't mean you won't be able to get a settlement or verdict. You just need to be prepared to explain why the gap exists and we can clearly explain the rationale.
Once you are in treatment, it is important to document as much as possible. We recommend to clients to keep a diary detailing the challenges they faced with physical therapy so it gives the adjuster a clear picture of the challenges you faced in getting back to 100 percent. When you have finished all treatment and are discharged, we will request a complete copy of your full medical history from the treating physician so you don't have to worry about collecting every record yourself.
Contact experienced personal injury lawyer Charlie J. Gillette, Jr. to set up a free, confidential consultation regarding your auto accident injury claim in Florida or Georgia. Call his office at 904-358-1304 or toll-free at 888-366-5904. If you are unable to visit one of the offices, Mr. Gillette, or a member of his team, can meet with you in your home or hospital room.


The development of brickwork has almost completely stagnated for centuries. The production of bricks however, did benefit from the Industrial Revolution, in contrary to the use of bricks in facades. About two decades ago, the development of systems and applications for bricks started. Overall where these innovations based on traditional building methodes and techniques. It has only been a couple of years since there have been developments which use the fact that there are robots which can produce things humans can not. Those possibilities combined with intelligent software: 'ROBmade by KAG' and operating software produce a new world of possibilities for designers. It is in t his world that ROBOT Metselwerk operates.


Iraqi, Yemeni passengers barred from Egyptian flight to New York; all six held valid visas but were kept off an EgyptianAir flight.
Five Iraqi passengers and one Yemeni were barred from boarding an EgyptAir flight from Cairo to New York on Saturday following President Donald Trump's ban on the entry of citizens from seven Muslim-majority countries, sources at Cairo airport said.
U.S. lawmaker Jim Cooper claimed that two of the Iraqis had "helped U.S. troops survive during the war.
The first two refugees kept out of America by President Trump's order are Iraqis who helped US troops survive during the war.
The five Iraqis had arrived in transit from Irbil and were being held at the airport until they could be re-boarded on flights back to Iraq, whereas the Yemeni passenger had arrived at the airport from elsewhere in Cairo, they added.
A UN refugee agency spokesman said it was not yet known whether the six travelers had been granted visas earlier under the U.S. refugee program.
"I'm establishing new vetting measures to keep radical Islamic terrorists out of the United States of America. Don't want them here," Trump said earlier on Friday at the Pentagon.


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Unfinished business for one Boston Marathon competitor
But amputee Jeff Glasbrenner is coming back this year.
By Associated Press Thursday 17 Apr 2014, 10:01 PM
Apr 17th 2014, 10:01 PM 4,495 Views 1 Comment
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A pair of firefighters arrive at the finish line of the Boston Marathon.
Image: Michael Dwyer/AP/Press Association Images
JUST ONE TINY misstep at mile 15 of the Boston Marathon last spring ruined any chance of amputee runner Jeff Glasbrenner breaking four hours.
He stumbled over a pothole, opening a cut where his running blade attached below his right knee. Glasbrenner cursed his luck as he stopped every mile to clean the wound.
That bump in the road just may have kept the 41-year-old from being in the midst of the chaos. He was three blocks from the finish when the marathon was halted by the two bomb explosions.
"A pothole," Glasbrenner said, "just may have saved me."
This year, he's one of 4,781 runners taking the iconic race up on its offer to return — an opportunity to settle some unfinished business when they line up at the start again.
For many, it's a chance to finally make good on their months of training — dozens of workouts and hundreds of miles logged — and achieve that finish line. For Glasbrenner, his journey back to Boston became much more than simply finishing.
He's bringing some company as he trained right-leg amputees Andre Slay and Chris Madison, both whom had never even imagined running a marathon before.
"This is going to be a day filled with lots of joy and tears," said Glasbrenner, a motivational speaker and three-time Paralympian in wheelchair basketball. "But we're going to get to that finish line together."
Glasbrenner has always been a "bucket list" sort of athlete — finish one adventure and move on to the next. He has completed 13 marathons and 22 Ironman triathlons.
So Glasbrenner just had to go back to Boston, to conclude this quest. For himself and for those injured when the twin pressure cooker bombs exploded, killing three and injuring 260. At least 16 people lost a limb or limbs. He could understand the devastation, having lost part of his leg in a farming accident when he was 8 years old.
"I had a hard time watching the news for a few days after Boston," said Glasbrenner, who was at 25.9 miles — according to his GPS tracker — when police stopped runners. "I'm not going to let a couple of bad guys steal my finish line."
He talked Slay and Madison into joining him at the starting line. It wasn't easy: Neither had even run as much as a 5-kilometer race. And first, they had to run a qualifying event (to get into the field for Boston, a mobility-impaired participant has to finish a marathon in less than eight hours).
The trio began training together late last June on paths around Little Rock. At least once a week, they met for a run. On those other days, Glasbrenner gave them a training schedule to follow. He was always a phone call or text away for questions, too.
Slay, 32, and Madison, 39, had plenty: How many socks to wear on their stump? How often to stop and clean the sweat from their prosthetic leg?
And the biggest one: Could they really run a marathon?
"Sure, I had doubt," Slay said, laughing.
Slay worked at an airline ticket counter when he met Glasbrenner, who frequently travels to give lectures and check items off his sports bucket list. Slay was 24 and finishing flight school when he lost part of his right leg in a motorcycle accident.
First, Glasbrenner attempted to steer Slay toward wheelchair basketball.
How about a marathon then?
"Jeff's like, 'I didn't finish Boston. Come back with me,'" Slay recounted. "I was thinking, 'Well, I guess I can hand you water.'"
"He's like, 'No, run with me.'"
The offer came at a good time. Slay was around 240 pounds and suffering from high blood pressure, which put his commercial pilot's license at risk. This could improve his health.
One slight obstacle: Slay didn't have a running blade, which costs around $25,000 and isn't covered by insurance.
No trouble. Glasbrenner had an extra one he could use.
So that's how Slay found himself at a marathon in Colorado Springs last September, on a borrowed running blade, with only 10 miles of training under his belt, trying to qualify for Boston.
He didn't stop that day until mile eight, when he felt a blister where the blade attached. One blister soon turned into many more with each step he took.
"My leg looked like bubble wrap," said Slay, who finished in seven hours. "It was the most excruciating run of my life."
Those blisters eventually popped and became infected. For six weeks, he couldn't work, let alone run.
As he recuperated, he received a letter that bolstered his spirits — his acceptance into the Boston Marathon. Then, a prosthetic company donated a custom-made running blade.
"That starting line is going to be so emotional," Slay said.
Madison feels the same way. At the urging of a friend, he met Glasbrenner for lunch last spring. Madison simply wanted to get some training tips to complete a triathlon.
How about a marathon, Glasbrenner suggested.
"Thought it was a cool idea and fit in with my wanting to do something," said Madison, who lost his part of his leg when a boat ran into him while he was riding a jet-ski when he was 10. "I didn't realise the magnitude of what I was getting into."
Madison attempted to qualify for Boston by running a marathon in Tupelo, Miss., in early September. On a steamy day, with his prosthetic leg just not fitting right, Madison reached mile 25 in 5 hours, 45 minutes. Told the cutoff time was six hours, he decided to call it an afternoon.
Turns out, there was no cutoff time.
"Jeff was so mad. He's like, 'I told you to finish,'" chuckled Madison, a former police officer who's now an attorney.
A month later, Madison ran a marathon in St. Louis and crossed the line in 5:43 to earn his spot at the start line for Boston.
"What I learned is I'm the only one who can prevent me from achieving things," Madison said. "I've achieved the goal of getting to Boston. The next goal is crossing the finish line."
With Glasbrenner leading the way, of course, eager to finish what he started.
Carlow brothers complete Arctic marathon
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Today's Paperless Medical Office
Today's "Paperless" Medical Office
h/t: A faithful follower of this blog.
From our house to yours:
The Open-Heart-Gone-Bad Pumpkin
Close-up image of the gourd heart, pacemaker, and retracted (gourd-fragment) fat
EKG Du Jour #29: Tangoing with Two
"Dr. Fisher, there's this middle-aged person in the Emergency Room with a funny EKG who's short of breath and pretty tachycardic. Would you mind looking at it?"
"No," I said, taking a moment from the surgery I was performing. Here's what I saw:
"Hmmm. Boy that's strange. Did you ... ?"
What did I ask? How would you sort this EKG out?
Posted by DrWes at 10/25/2012 04:43:00 PM 19 comments: Links to this post
Construction of a Blog Post
How a blog post is constructed here, illustrated nicely by notes discovered in my lab coat pocket this morning:
Delightfully Old School.
Still, I can't type and sometimes I think English is my second language, so thanks for tolerating all of my typos and grammatical errors through the years.
Posted by DrWes at 10/25/2012 09:40:00 AM 1 comment: Links to this post
The Limits of Lifestyle Intervention
Diet and exercise: they were supposed to be the answer to all that ails America's obesity and health care cost problem.
Signs of this Utopian vision are everywhere. From entire government departments encouraging healthy lifestyles through fitness, sports and nutrition, government websites that encourage "healthy lifestyles," and entire community efforts to partner with health care organizations to fight obesity with the hope of cutting health care costs.
What if, believe it or not, when it comes to people with Type II diabetes, diet and exercise don't affect the incidence of heart attack, stroke, or hospital admission for angina or even the incidence of death?
Suddenly, all health care cost savings bets are off. Suddenly, we have to re-tool, re-think our approach, understand and appreciate the limitation of lifestyle interventions to alter peoples' medical destiny. Suddenly we have to come to grips with a the reality that weight loss and exercise won't affect outcomes in certain patients. Suddenly, there is a sad reality that patients might note be able to affect their insurance premiums by enrolling in diet and exercise classes after all.
These thoughts are so disruptive to our most basic "healthy lifestyle" mantra that few can fathom such a situation. Nor would any members of the ever-beauty-and-weight-conscious main stream media be likely to report such a finding if it came to pass.
And yet, that is exactly what has happened.
The Look AHEAD trial studied 5145 adults with type 2 diabetes who had a body mass index (BMI) > 25. The purpose of the study was to compare the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction (heart attack), nonfatal stroke, death, or hospitalization for angina between diabetics who received a rigourous weight loss and exercise program with education to just an educational approach alone. Interestingly, the study failed to show any effect of weight loss and exercise over simple education about the disease in the incidence of these "macrovascular" endpoints. In fact, the study was stopped early.
So disturbing were these findings to our basic understanding of disease prevention that the principle investigator recently appeared on Medscape in print and in video format to reassure the physician community: "I can tell you from the outset that we were successful."
And yet, they were not: they did not affect the indicence of stroke, heart attack, death, or admission to a hospital for angina in overweight Type II diabetic patients one bit, even after 11 years of trying.
You see, it is uncomfortable to sit with the reality that exercise and fitness might not be as helpful as we had hoped at altering certain health care outcomes. So we ignore these trials. We don't report them in main stream media because we don't like to feel uncomfortable with the realization that there's much we still don't know or understand about exercise and weight loss at affecting health outcomes in medicine.
Yet there is so much to learn from trials like this BECAUSE they fly in the face of conventional wisdom.
Maybe we should stop pouring money into fitness rooms and health clubs and promote other intellectual or spiritual pursuits instead. Maybe we should reconsider the benefits of exercise and weight loss as psychologic more than physical. Maybe we should de-fund all those government programs set up to promote exercise and fitness as our path to health care cost-savings.
Or at the very least, we should just eat some humble pie, stop fooling ourselves, and understand the limitations of lifestyle interventions like weight loss and exercise to improve medical outcomes or to reduce health care costs in America.
But be careful.
Saying the truth is sure to get you banned from main stream media.
1.Look AHEAD Research Group, Wing RR. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1566-1575. (Pubmed)
Posted by DrWes at 10/24/2012 07:03:00 AM 10 comments: Links to this post
The Growing Residency Squeeze
"Dr. Fisher, I'm applying to a cardiology fellowship - could I ask you to write me a letter?"
"Sure," I said, "To whom should I address the letter?"
"Oh, don't worry about that, I'll give your administrative assistant a list of the programs."
It sounded innocent enough until thirty-five addresses were forwarded to us for delivery.
While I have written about the challenges that medical students are having obtaining residencies before, it only seems to be getting harder for some. This is, in part, because while medical schools have increased their medical school positions by about 30%, residency slots have only increased at a much slower rate of 8%. Worse, because of funding shortages anticipated from the new health care law, Medicare funding cuts could even mean residents might have to pay for their residency, too:
From Marketwatch:
Just as monumental as graduation day is "Match Day," when medical school students get sealed envelopes that tell them what city and hospital they'll be going to for training. But advocates say the number of grads could severely outnumber the amount of residency positions by 2015 — or sooner — if hospitals don't substantially expand the number of residency positions they offer. While medical school enrollment is on track to grow by 30% by 2016 from 2002 levels, the number of residency training positions have only grown by 8% since 2002, according to the AAMC. Even as there's an impending doctor shortage, "We're worried we're going to have a group of MDs that have studied but can't practice because they can't find a training spot," says Grover of the AAMC. Part of the problem is that there's a cap on the amount of Medicare dollars that can go to residency programs that has been in place since 1997, when some health experts predicted that there was going to be an oversupply of physicians in the U.S.
About 20% of the $13 billion spent annually on training 110,000 young doctors is provided by Medicare, down from roughly 30% a decade ago, estimates Grover. If Congress doesn't act to allow Medicare to fund a larger number of positions, hospitals may need to find additional revenue to fill the gap, and some may need to reduce the number of positions they offer, he adds. At a time when the federal government is cutting Medicare spending and some hospitals are already seeing their budgets squeezed, finding additional revenue for new training positions will be tough, says Grover. It's even possible that graduates might soon also be asked to pay for the training — an option that some insiders say would place an unreasonable burden on already debt-laden doctors — instead of the current model where they are paid while they work at the hospitals, says John Norcini, president of the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research: "There's a whole series of possibilities."
One Heck of a Halloween Cake
An Anatomical Wax Model cake based on the La Specola (Florence) museum collection of anatomical wax models from the late 18th century.
See all the photos at Conjurer's Kitchen on Facebook.
Smuggling Defibrillators to Save Lives
Street Scene - Mumbai, India
From The Annals of Internal Medicine doctors from the US have shown that ICDs can be safely resterilized and re-used for indigent patients in another country. In their study, Pavri et al collected 106 ICDs with three or more years of estimated battery life from either deceased patients or patients having devices explanted because of "upgrades" or infection and implanted then in 81 patients in a single hospital in Mumbai, India. From the Methods section of their paper:
We deleted all identifying patient information and lead information; programmed them to nonpacing mode, when possible, or lowered the outputs to the minimum possible values; turned off all sensing and therapies for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF); and deactivated all ICD alerts (auditory and vibratory). When a sufficient number of devices were collected, they were transported to India in batches. Transport was most often done by physicians (or friends and family members of physicians) who were traveling from the United States. The devices were placed in checked-in baggage in a clear plastic bag, and 2 letters were placed in prominent view. The first letter was signed by the donating physician, stating that the devices were of no commercial value and that they were being donated for reuse in patients who could not afford such devices. The second letter was signed by the Chief Executive Officer of Holy Family Hospital, stating that the hospital was expecting the devices for donation to such patients. Contact information for all physicians was provided in the letters.
Attempts at sending explanted devices by courier or mail proved difficult; without precedent, it was simply not possible to describe the purpose and nature of the shipment to shipping authorities or to insure the contents. We finally resorted to carrying the devices during travel to India in our personal baggage, as described. Some difficulties (requiring lengthy explanations) were encountered during baggage screening and, especially, at Customs in Mumbai.
Device Resterilization Protocol in India
Once received, the ICDs were removed from their bags and rinsed under running water. We cleaned the headers (lead ports) with pipe cleaners and inspected the seams and body for residual biological debris. We immersed the ICDs in hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and then in povidone-iodine for 2 minutes. They were then rinsed with running water for 2 minutes and dried with an air blower. Finally, we double-packaged the devices and sealed them with special indicator-marked paper for ethylene oxide gas sterilization in an automatic ethylene oxide machine (certified by Pest Control of India, Mumbai) at 38 °C. The protocol included 4 hours of ethylene oxide gas exposure followed by 6 hours of aeration, after which inspection confirmed that the package indicator label had changed from brown to lime green. The resterilized ICDs were aerated for at least 12 hours in an open, dry space.
The devices ultimately functioned well, but social and societal limitations caused six of 81 patients to be lost to follow-up. No device infections occurred and three patients even received three such devices over their lifetime.
Appropriate shocks were delivered in 42% of patients. Antitachycardia pacing was delivered for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 12.3% of patients. In total, 60.4% of the devices delivered appropriate therapy (shocks of antitachycardia pacing) in 54.3% of patients. In total, 22 patients received a second device and three patients received a third device after the initial ICD reached the elective replacement voltage. The average time before replacing a resterilized device was approximately 3.5 years.
As the authors noted, in the United States "pacemakers and ICDs are currently labeled as single use devices, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically prohibits reuse, referring to it as "an objectionable practice." The device manufacturers do not condone reuse and their warranty periods do not include it. Any complications associated with such off-label use could be grounds for legal action."
And yet, lives (and money) were saved, albeit not in the United States.
But this did not stop the critics. In the accompanying editorial, Drs Paul Farmer and Gene Bukhman of the Harvard Medical School, suggested that the authors' efforts failed the quality test, reminding us that "Historians of medicine have shown that the gratitude of patients and their families, although not to be dismissed, is not always a reliable marker of high-quality medical care."
What the....?
Certainly such a practice is controversial, but in a world with such overwhelming medical waste that literally tons of perfectly re-useable medical equipment are discarded each month in America's hospitals, I feel these authors should be congratulated for their efforts to humanely break the status quo and forcing us to consider the obvious ethical implications of discarding life-saving, exceedingly expensive medical devices (and similar medical equipment) that could be used to help others less fortunate.
In our current global health care cost crisis, we need more innovation in the area medical areas like this, not less.
Pavri BB, Lokhandwala Y, Julkarni GV, Shah M, Kantharia BK, Mascarenhas D. ReUse of Explanted, Resterilized Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Cohort Study. Ann of Intern Med 16 October 2012;157(8):542-54.
Farmer P, Buckman G. Reuse of medical devices and global health equality. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157:591-593.
Computer Viruses and Bots "Rampant" on Medical Devices
From Technology Review:
In September, the Government Accountability Office issued a report warning that computerized medical devices could be vulnerable to hacking, posing a safety threat, and asked the FDA to address the issue. The GAO report focused mostly on the threat to two kinds of wireless implanted devices: implanted defibrillators and insulin pumps. The vulnerability of these devices has received widespread press attention (see "Personal Security" and "Keeping Pacemakers Safe from Hackers"), but no actual attacks on them have been reported.
Fu, who is a leader in researching the risks described in the GAO report, said those two classes of device are "a drop in the bucket": thousands of other network-connected devices used for patient care are also vulnerable to infection. "These are life-saving devices. Patients are overwhelmingly safer with them than without them. But cracks are showing," he said. (Fu was Technology Review's Innovator of the Year in 2009.)
h/t: Instapundit
There are so many changes in medicine these days, but it takes a bit of time away from the keyboard to appreciate them.
So glued have I become to looking at computer screens, it's been hard to pull my head from them any more. Doctors lives are spent staring at these damn screens now. I wonder how many of my youngest colleagues know how to start an IV, a foley, place a central line, or safely pass an nasogastric tube, let alone examine a patient. Now we just click an order and things magically happen by a team of technicians. Doctors are now the Masters of Click. Clicks are now how doctors are measured, quantified, and sadly, actually valued. If it wasn't clicked, it didn't happen.
The environment for doctors continues to change, too. But it's even more evident now if we stop and look for a moment. There used to be the Doctor's Lounge - a sacred inner sanctum in a hospital where doctors could congregate, get a small bit to eat - maybe an fresh apple - and find a few colleagues exhausted from the night before catching up on the news. Now, there might be a coffee pot that dispenses come hot-water-concocted chemistry experiment it labels as "coffee" but takes like Drano. Our space called the Doctors Lounge has become an antiquated mail room with long-forgotten names lying askew on a wall of drawers. No one checks these boxes any more; we're too busy emptying our electronic in-boxes on the screens that replaced the chairs there. And of course, the same thing's happening to the Doctors Dining room - if such a dining room exists at all any more. Doctors rarely have a meal together to re-group and share our medical concerns with each other there. Instead, most now eat in the employee dining room if they have time to eat at all between patients.
But there is an upside. The hospital has never looked better. We smile more and watch the Bears on Big Screen TV's with our patient-customers on weekend rounds to improve patient satisfaction scores. Hospitals are officially in the hospitality business. This is how those of us in the "business" are getting paid and measured now.
And finally, there's our new dress code. The once heralded white coat donned as a medical student that later gives way to the once-heralded grey lab coat of an attending physician has lost its respected value, too. Instead, the grey lab coat of the attending as been relegated to nothing more than a sign of the Responsible Physician. Far grander now is the Brooks Brothers suit. Or maybe a really nice sport coat and tie. Or maybe, for the real Movers and Shakers, just a designer shirt, polished shoes, and tie. These doctors are the new Leaders now.
There used to be a time where doctors rose above the administrative fray for the good of our patients. Now, the new standard of "exceptional physician" is that of a keyboard operator and administrator.
Now, excuse me while I get back to clicking.
Pager Spam
As if call wasn't bad enough, here's some screen shots of a 02:30 am page received yesterday evening:
May the dung of a thousand elephants land on this advertised web page.
(*** WARNING *** Enter the web address displayed at your own risk. My antivirus software detected a possible computer threat.)
When We Mix Politics With Science
Today I opened an e-mail dated 4 October 2012 from the Heart Rhythm Society that announced the 2013 Keynote Speaker at the Heart Rhythm Society's Opening Plenary Session 8 May 2013 in Denver, Colorado : Former President of the United States, Bill Clinton. Our society's justification for this speaker reads as follows:
"President Clinton remains an influential international figure. His passion for improving lives through innovation and activism positions him as the perfect complement to our program, as we celebrate how our pioneering past is shaping our promising future."
No doubt Mr. Clinton will improve the news coverage of the Heart Rhythm Society's meeting. Controversy always does.
But to present a political figure rather than a scientific figure as keynote speaker speaks volumes of how medicine has changed (and continues to change) in America. Unfortunately, rather than offering a point-counterpoint discussion with Mr. Clinton, heart rhythm specialists who are already reeling from the DOJ's unusual intervention into our field will be treated to Mr. Clinton's views on "innovation" (and no doubt "arithmetic") in health care.
Perhaps the Heart Rhythm Society should offer another retired politician from the opposite side of the political aisle to debate Mr. Clinton and call the Opening Plenary Session in Denver "Debates, Part II." At least then the audience there could weigh the opposing views on "our promising future" in health care and innovation independently and objectively.
The Affordable Care Act: A Retrospective
An excellent article reviewing how the Affordable Care Act came to pass appears today in the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune. It is worthwhile reading to recall how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act law came to pass.
An accompanying article reviewing how health care remains a "headache" for Mitt Romney also serves as important reading as voters prepare to head to the polls this November.
Posted by DrWes at 10/09/2012 06:47:00 AM No comments: Links to this post
When Experts Speak Outside Guidelines
This morning, an article appeared in the Chicago Tribune that "revisits" Sudden Cardiac Arrest. It is written by a local cardiologist, Dr. Joseph Marek, who advocates for EKG screening of athletes without discussing its downside and the fact that such a recommendation falls outside of our professional associations' guidelines on this issue.
While the intent of Dr. Marek's efforts are probably in the right place, we should all realize that testing (of any kind) that occurs on large segments of the population who are at relatively low risk for an ailment leads to a considerable incidence of false positive tests (in other words, abnormal findings that are ultimately found to be benign). The cost and anxiety of the evaluation of these tests (consults, echocardiograms, even invasive angiograms) during such an evaluation can be considerable and might lead to real complications of their own.
Computer Viruses and Bots "Rampant" on Medical Dev...


There's no question that ISO certification can bring major benefits to companies that achieve it. Ranging from improved efficiency to greater customer satisfaction to lower costs of production, these benefits are often the primary reason that companies undertake the challenges associated with quality management systems.
Once a company is registered, the next logical step is to find ways to leverage the achievement. In most cases, companies publicize their ISO registration with flags, banners, and logos. The typical target audience for such marketing is… the customer. But is there an overlooked audience that should be included when crafting an ISO marketing strategy? We think there is.
Getting ISO certified takes time and effort, to be sure. And if your company is already ISO certified, it's a safe bet there are people in your organization who have devoted a great deal of time and effort to that certification. There are, perhaps, even more who are tasked with following the guidelines of your quality management system on a daily basis. As human beings, these employees have the same needs we all have – 1) to be a part of something that matters, and 2) ongoing motivation to stay committed to the program and 3) regular reminders that the company itself is committed to the program, which is a guarantee that their efforts are not being wasted.
As such, those in your organization who are responsible for implementing and executing your quality management system should be included in your marketing strategy. After all your success or failure in this area depends entirely on their efforts.
That means publicizing your registration not only in customer-facing spaces, but also in spaces where employees are most likely to see them. Break rooms, shop floors and conference rooms are immediate and obvious places. Company forms, intranets, uniforms and even printed employee manuals are also important opportunities to reach employees. And don't forget, marketing your registration internally works much like other marketing – repetition is key. So just putting up a poster in the break room isn't really going to have much impact. Better to make sure your team sees your message in varied locations, using a variety of tools.
In summary, conspicuous display of your ISO registration coupled with messaging that recognizes the contributions of the members of your staff (a good example of which can be found here) can give everyone in your company a sense of being part of something important. It can also give them the motivation and reassurance that they need to stay committed. And that can have an extremely positive impact on your bottom line.
ISO Marketing. The forgotten gem in your marketing mix?
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The Kizlyar Supreme Safari might look like a monster chopper, but it's actually a well balanced slicer. The thin 6 1/4″ blade and hollow grind make for surprisingly precise handling in such a long blade. The blade features a slight recurve, a big belly and a thin point. The spine features a slight thumb ramp. The AUS8 stainless steel takes a keen edge and is easy to touch-up in the field. The G10 handle provides a sure, comfortable grip for extended cutting sessions. A kydex sheath is included with a Removable/Rotatable clip for high or low carry options. The first time you pick up the Safari you get the feeling it's just begging to be used. Made by Kizlyar Supreme. Made in Russia Key Features: Ergonomic G10 Handle Slabs Aus-8 Steel with Black Titanium Finish Kydex Sheath with Rotatable/Removable Clip Overall: 12″ Blade Length: 6.25″ Handle Length: 5.5″ Thickness at Guard: 5/64″ Blade Steel: AUS-8 Handle Material: G10 Specs will vary slightly from piece to piece.


Stephen Friedman Gallery participated in Art Basel Miami Beach, stand E4, from 1 - 4 December 2011.
Stephen Friedman Gallery is delighted to announce its Frieze 2011 presentation: a solo exhibition of work by Huma Bhabha.
Stephen Friedman Gallery is currently participating in Art 42 Basel, stand J11.
Stephen Friedman Gallery is delighted to announce its participation in Art HK 11, Hong Kong's premier international art fair.


text:
Courtesy: National Herald
Criminal Justice SystemGovernancePolitics
Brutal police, a rogue leader and hapless citizens: Part II
Apurba K Baruah· October 11, 2021
Criminal Justice System
In a two-part series, Prof APURBA K. BARUAH contextualizes the major factors that led to the shameful violence that took place in Dholpur, Assam a fortnight back. In this part, he explains how the polarization between the two main ethno-linguistic communities in the state has increased since Himanta Biswa Sarma took over as the Chief Minister of Assam in May.
IT is an unfortunate fact that the six year-long massive Assam Movement demanding detection, deletion of names from voters' list and deportation of illegal migrants created a major conflict between the Bengali-speaking Muslims, who came in large numbers from Bangladesh, and the indigenous population led by the Asomiya middle class, who were afraid of being outnumbered in their own land.
Assam Accord and its aftermath
At the peak of the movement in the early 1980s, the supporters demanded only that illegal immigrants be detected and deported, and their names deleted from electoral rolls. However, because of the fact that a large number of immigrants of the same ethnic group have been present in Assam since the early twentieth century, the masses of the state began to identify all Bengali speaking Muslims of Assam as foreigners.
However, once the Assam Accord of 1985 was signed, and the leaders of the agitation and Government of India agreed to accept all such immigrants who came before March 1971, a large section of democratic civil society activists, intellectuals and political leaders worked tirelessly to create an atmosphere of tolerance. Nevertheless, a particular aggressive section of Asomiya continued to view all Bengali speaking Muslims as threats to the identity of the indigenous population.
Also read: A government which keeps its promise: eviction, impunity and displacement in Assam
History of the tenuous relationships between Asomiya and Bengali communities
In the struggle for linguistic hegemony in the state of Assam, the two major contenders are the Asomiya and Bengali communities led by their respective middle classes. This conflict, which started in the mid-nineteenth century, polarises the speakers of the two languages, irrespective of their religion. If the politics of linguistic or other ethnic identities takes a prominent place in democratic mobilisation, the Hindu card becomes ineffective.
The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) that gave citizenship to Hindu immigrants threatened the Asomiya and other indigenous communities with losing their pre-eminent positions in the areas inhabited by them. There was a fear among the indigenous population of being swamped by immigrant Bengali speaking Hindus. This was one reason why the movement against the CAA received such volatile and spontaneous support. It was thus necessary for Hindutva politics to project the Bengali-speaking Muslims or the Miya as the enemy of all indigenous communities.
The modern Asomiya language that is the lingua franca and gives an identity to the indigenous communities, took shape under the six hundred year rule of the Ahom kings. Interestingly, a small group of Tai (as the Ahom was originally called) came from beyond the Patkai range in the east during the thirteenth century and subjugated the innumerable small tribal principalities of what is now called upper Assam. The group intermarried with the local tribes and, while consolidating their rule, itself got assimilated. This process of assimilation and integration together gave birth to a new linguistic community and a new lingua franca, the Asomiya, often referred to in English as 'Assamese'.
However, all those who live in Assam today cannot be called Assamese. This is because almost all the indigenous communities which, from the Ahom era till the late 1950s accepted the identity of the Assamese language as their lingua franca, and in many cases as their language of instruction and public discourse, began to assert their own ethnic identity, and in some cases, even a distinct nationality, accompanied by a demand for respective homelands in the areas believed by them to be traditionally inhabited by them. This phenomena is connected to the emergence of educated elites in the respective communities.
The process was in fact set in motion in the nineteenth century by the then newly emerging western educated Assamese speaking elite. This elite initially began the politics of association and petition, and then gradually moved to politics of democratic mobilization.
The Asomiya began to assert itself as a linguistic community through formation of the literary societies like the Assam Students Literary Society formed by the Asomiya students studying in Calcutta (there was no scope of higher education in Assam then) and later in Assam by the Assam Sahitya Sabha (later in Assam) in 1917. The former eventually led to the formation of All Assam Students Association which was actually converted to All Assam Students Union (AASU) in 1967 in Jorhat.
AASU led the six year-long anti-foreigner Assam Movement. Though the environment created by the Assam Movement made the Miya come to be perceived as a threat and there were violent clashes, yet, the Assam Accord of 1985 brought an end to the agitation, creating conditions for return of harmony.
After the Assam Accord, the majority of the population of the state accepted that all those who came from across the border before March 1971 will be treated as Indian citizens, and thus they cannot be called 'illegal'. It is a fact that most of the people that Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma calls illegal were included in the National Register of Citizens, and there is no way they can be called illegal citizens.
Also read: Eviction or resettlement: permanent dilemma in Assam
Hate campaign fostered by BJP
As there cannot be any legal encroachers when Sarma calls them illegal encroachers, he actually implies that they are illegal immigrants. Sarma and his party is trying to pitch the indigenous youth against these hapless Indian citizens by portraying them as non-indigenous and therefore illegal. They forget that it is these people who reclaimed these uncultivable riverine areas, and converted them to profitable agricultural assets. They have been living there for decades, and have built their homes by cultivating the land for livelihood. To take away the source of livelihood and the roof over their head is violative of their fundamental right to life.
Many members of the Miya community who initially came under British patronage to "grow more food" converted the virtually un-inhabited Char (riverine) areas of Brahmaputra to agricultural hubs. They began by producing jute, but these have now become the main source of vegetables for major markets in Assam. In fact, in many lower Assam villages today agricultural activity without the Miya is unthinkable.
According to the state government, the project for which the land is being cleared in Darrang, which caused the eviction that led to the ugly scenes witnessed last month, is expected to promote agriculture. Sarma's BJP government is shouting from the roof top that it wants the area cleared of "illegal encroachers" to implement a multi-purpose agricultural project in an area of 4500 bighas.
One wonders why cultivators need to be ousted to implement an agricultural project? The focus of the publicity campaign around the project is around involving indigenous youth. This public position of involving indigenous youth in a project to be carried out in an area populated by Bengali speaking Muslim peasants and agricultural labourers adds fuel to the fire of communal hatred created by BJP's electoral agenda set by Sarma himself.
During the last assembly elections in Assam, Sarma targeted the Bengali speaking Muslim population of lower Assam. He repeatedly called them Mughal who, according to the popular narrative of the pre-British Assam, attacked the Ahom kingdom 17 times but failed to conquer it. His speeches carefully reconstruct the Ahom kingdom's fight against its attackers from the Indian empire, often led by Hindu generals, like Ram Singh, serving the Mughal rulers, as a fight of Hindus against the Muslim invaders.
He never mentioned the fact that when the legendry Ahom general Lachit Barphukan fought the famous battle of Saraighat to ward off the "Bongal" – anyone coming from beyond the boundary of Ahom Assam – his trusted lieutenant was Ismail Siddique, popularly known as Bagh Hazarika, an Asomiya Muslim. The people of the Ahom kingdom has not been afraid of any religious invader. It fought all invaders irrespective of their religions.
Not that Mr. Sarma does not know it. After all, he is a PhD holder in Political science from Gauhati University. Even Bhupen Hazarika's songs talk of Bagh Bahadur. But what Sarma needed in the charged atmosphere created by the anti-CAA protest, which united all the indigenous communities against the BJP, was to mobilise the indigenous Hindu, or rather non-Muslim voters of Assam of all communities, against the Bengali Muslim immigrants who have been supporting the Indian National Congress, of whose former state governments he was a powerful minister for decades before he jumped ship to BJP.
It is also necessary to note that the bulk of the construction work in big cities like Guwahati and road building through the state is done by both male and female labourers of this community. The community has adopted Asomiya as medium of instruction, and a number of important Asomiya litterateurs have emerged among them.
Many Asomiya nationalists have been arguing that had it not been for returning "Asomiya" as their mother tongue by a large majority of the Miyas, Asomiya would be reduce to a language of a minority community in Assam, and it will lose the status of the official language of the state.
Sarma wants to destroy the secular linguistic community called Asomiya, a community which has the potential of challenging the religious communalism of Hindutva, because this community has the history of fighting the aggressive centralising agenda of the Indian State and can thus strengthen the federal democratic politics that recognises the multi-cultural diversity of India. Sarma, who during his hey days in Congress had shouted, that "in Gujarat water does not flow in the water lines, it is the blood of Muslims that flows there in those lines" can now save his political career in BJP only by spewing venom in his words.
Sarma, like his colleagues in the Hindutva mainland, has spread so much hatred, that the ordinary policemen in Assam have come to view the miya as the main enemy of the indigenous population. More importantly. he believes that it is legitimate to attack them violently. Even the civil administration has become highly anti-Muslim. Nothing else can explain the stomping of the body, fallen to a police bullet, by the photographer who accompanied the police party.
Also read: It is a long way to citizenship in Assam – Part 1
Rapacious cohorts
It will be grave mistake to focus on the climate of hate only and to turn a blind eye to the rapacious section of the Asomiyas and other indigenous communities. The Asomiya middle class and the emerging middle classes of the various indigenous communities of Assam have been able to exercise hegemony in their respective communities primarily because in these communities, other social forces like big regional bourgeoisie or organised working classes are very weak or, in certain cases, non-existent. These middle classes are cronies of the Indian ruling classes, but democratic politics forces them to mouth slogans of "regionalism" or ethno-nationalism.
In a relatively backward economy they are constantly in search of easy access to resources. The riverine barren lands converted to fertile agricultural assets by the hard labour of the hapless Miya make them salivate.
These rapacious cohorts of the communal and corrupt Hindutva agents in Assam are therefore going whole hog with their hateful campaigns and atrocious eviction of people who have been cultivating the chars for generations.
The most prominent among these cohorts is a former Asom Gan Parishad leader who used to swear in the name of Asomiya nationalism and who has now found greener pastures in the BJP. This legislator has been disgruntled because he was not accommodated in the Ministry.
Sarma has now given him a cabinet rank, and put him in charge of the "agricultural project". He has the best credentials because he was recently seen chasing away Miyas in another area wielding a revolver in hand. With the help of such cohorts, the hate politics against this section of the Indian citizens are being carried out to dispossess them of their hard earned homestead and agricultural fields to placate a section of the indigenous youth.
Here is a rogue state under a rogue leader. The rogue leader gets away only because the opposition has been inept and short sighted. It will take a major effort by the saner section of the civil society to save Assam from falling into a quagmire of violent communal politics.
(Prof Apurba K. Baruah is a retired professor of North Eastern Hill University, and a social activist based in Guwahati. The views expressed are personal.)
Apurba K Baruah
Prof. Baruah is the Academic Adviser of Assam School of Journalism and also the Assam Institute of Mass Communication and Media Research, Assam. He is the president of Sustha Samaj Bikash Chakr, a non- party organizations of Intellectuals and Social Activists. He is former Dean of School of Social Sciences and a former Head and Professor of the Department of Political Science, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
Supreme Court upholds 2016 demonetisation; Justice Nagarathna differs, says legislation required to demonetise
Address the needs of female seasonal migrant labourers
A case for removal of Paragraph 4 of the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution
Gurgaon apartment building collapse: a breakdown of slabs and the system


text:
American Catholic History Classroom
American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives
Meet with a Librarian
Catholics, Refugees, and Resettlement
The Refugee in Contemporary Imagination
The Definition and Meaning of Refugees and Displaced Persons
Twentieth-Century Warfare and World War I- the Prelude to World War II
An Enormous Problem and an Enormous Response
Relocation to the United States
Useful Terms, Important People
Glossary of Important Terms and Individuals
Letter from H.A. Reinhold to John J. Burke on German Refugees, October 23, 1936
Letter from Bishop Rummel to General Secretary Ready with enclosed "Report of the Episcopal Committee for the Care of Catholic Refugees from Germany", May 11, 1937
"An Appeal for Catholic Refugees from Germany", October 1938
Letter from Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli to the US Bishops, January 9, 1939
"Catholic Refugees in Lisbon," September 1941
Letter from Howard J. Carroll to Apostolic Delegate Cicognani, with memorandum on Lithuanians in France, May 23, 1945
Letter from NCWC Executive Director Patrick O'Boyle to US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, with enclosed memorandum on American Policy on Displaced Persons, March 20, 1946
Proposal: A Vatican Commission on Displaced Persons," March 1946
Letter from Bishop Noll to Cardinal Stritch, April 1, 1946
Letter from unnamed NCWC staff person to Apostolic Delegate Cicognani, with enclosure "A Technique for Fighting Communism in the USA"
Letter from General Secretary Carroll to Apostolic Delegate Cicognani with Proposal on a Catholic Committee for the Resettlement of Displaced Persons, October 22, 1946
Letter from Apostolic Delegate Cicognani to General Secretary Carroll, with enclosure, Letter to Cicognani from the Vatican Secretariat of State, September 26, 1947
Letter from Secretary John O'Grady to Most Rev. C.H. LeBlond, with enclosure, "Resolution Passed by the Directors of Catholic Charities at their Annual Meeting, October 9-10, 1947."
Letter from Swanstrom to Carroll, November 1, 1947, with enclosed memorandum "The Displaced Persons Problem and its Implication for the Catholic Church in the United States."
Letter from Cardinal Spellman to Archbishop McNicholas, with an enclosed excerpt from a confidential letter received in Vienna on December 15, 1947
Memorandum of Understanding between the Vatican Emigration Office and War Relief Services- NCWC (no author), 1947.
John J. O'Grady, Executive Secretary of the NCCC, "Address Before the Syracuse Citizens Committee on Displaced Persons, Hotel Onondaga, Syracuse, New York: The Challenge of Displaced Persons to the People of the United States," January 10, 1948
Letter from Swanstrom to Carroll, with enclosure, the Parish Resettlement Kit, March 16, 1948
Minutes of the National Catholic Resettlement Council meeting in Buffalo, New York, July 14, 1948
Apostolic Letter from Pope Pius XII to John T. McNicholas, Archbishop of Cinncinnati, December 24, 1948
Inter-Office Communication of the NCWC from Bruce Mohler to Msgr. Carroll, November 28, 1949, with enclosure, letter from Father Killion to Bruce Mohler, November 21, 1949
Minutes of a Joint Meeting of the National Catholic Resettlement Council and the National Catholic Rural Life Conference in Boston, Massachusetts, October 24, 1951
Refugees and Resettlement Chronology
National History Standards
History Standards
Refugees and Displaced Persons Before, During, and After World War II
Catholic Refugee Organizations and Jewish Refugee Organizations
Family Structures in Migration and Resettlement
Occupation, Region, and Agriculture vs. Academia
The Church, the State, and Transnational Organizations
Cultural Negotiation and "What It Means to be an American"
The Cold War and Displaced Persons as "Victims of Communism"
The Church's Mission in a Globalizing World
American Catholic History Classroom > Exhibits > Catholics, Refugees, and Resettlement > National History Standards > History Standards
The U.S. Catholic Bishops, Refugees, and Resettlement in the Twentieth Century
Connecting with History Standards
This site's materials are particularly useful in meeting world history content standards Era 8 and Era 9: (The Standards can be found here http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/Standards/world-history-standards):
World History Content Standard, Era 8, "A Half Century of Crisis and Achievement, 1900-1945"
Standard 2: "The causes and global consequences of World War I."
One consequence of World War I is that it created the seedbed for the rise of totalitarian ideologies that would spread through Germany and Eastern Europe. These documents, particularly the four dating from the 1930s, reveal the effects of the spread of those ideologies, especially Nazism, on the population of Germany. Later documents detail the effects of World War II, which had origins in the first Worl War, on population displacement throughout Europe.
Standard 3: "The Search for Peace and Stability in the 1920s and 1930s."
The 1920s and 30s saw increases in the number of refugees across Europe due to the effects of emerging political ideologies such as Nazism on demographics. Those who found their thinking at odds with the Nazi ideology were often compelled to leave the country, as were those discriminated against by the Nazis due to ethnic and religious affiliations. Displaced peoples were forced to attempt to find more hospitable places to settle. The four documents from the 1930s describe the situation from the perspective of the Catholic Church, which attempted to address the refugee issue at the time. Initially lacking the institutional structures to address the refugee problem in the 1930s, by the 1940s, the Church was a leading force in address the problem.
Standard 4: "The Causes and Global Consequences of World War II"
The documents on this site discuss the numbers of individuals displaced by the Second World War, breaking down those numbers by national groupings and religious groupings. The documents from the 1930s reveal that Catholics, in particular and in comparison with Jews, had very little infrastructure toward address the expanding refugee problem in Europe. By the end of the Second World War the Church's efforts to organize an international structure, sanctioned by the Vatican, were in full swing. The documents here reveal the initial lack or organization, and subsequent attempts to organize a Catholic infrastructure for addressing the refugee issue before and after the Second World War. By the early 1950s, this infrastructure was largely in place, a mass effort to inform the lay Catholic population of the refugee situation had been undertaken, and large-scale resettlement effort full undertaken. The documents here chronicle that process from the perspective of the International and U.S. Catholic hierarchy
Standard 5: "Major global trends from 1900 to the end of World War II"
The documents can be used to address the emergence of the Cold War in the wake of the Second World War, and how refugees became enmeshed in broader political conflicts between communist and non-communist nations. Correspondence from the 1940s reproduced here, for example, discusses provide a range of supports for refugees, asserting, for example, that funding for the refugee camps needed to continue so that the refugees would not be forced to return to their countries of origin, particularly those under totalitarian control.
This sites materials are also useful in addressing Historical Thinking Skills, grades 5-12 (the U.S. Historical Thinking Standards can be found here: http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/Standards/historical-thinking-standards-1)
Standard 1: Chronological Thinking
This site's resources help clarify chronological thinking as it presents documents related to a topic across time, and a chronology in which to set the documents. The documents here illuminate the sequence of events leading to the rise of the refugee populations in Europe in the 1930s, and the organizational response of the Catholic Church to the refugee crisis.
Standard 3: Historical Analysis and Interpretation
These documents reveal the ways members of the Catholic Church hierarchy viewed the refugee populations in Europe, how they compared different groups of Catholics, and how they viewed communism as a threat to such populations. Views of different members of the church leadership can be compared, and the documents reveal the variety of influences on the opinions of various individuals involved in refugee work.
Standard 4: Historical Research Capabilities
This site promotes historical research capabilities in that it presents users with digital primary sources, then presents them with document-based questions toward promoting understanding of the sources.
Standard 5: Historical Issues Analysis and Decision-Making
The materials on the site reveal a mindset that differs in many ways from today's. Firstly, there were no formal Catholic organizational channels through which Catholic refugees could be assisted. Hence, church leaders needed to recognize the problem, assess it, then act to address it. The materials here also present early responses to a problem that would intensify in the later twentieth and early twenty-first century, that of individuals displaced by wars and political upheavals. The documents also reveal an early response to communist ideologies, as well as to Nazi ideologies.
Thes materials can also be used to teach U.S. History Content Standards, http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/Standards/us-history-content-standards
Particularly Era 8: The Great Depression and World War II
Standard 1: The causes of the Great Depression and how it affected American society.
Standard 2: How the New Deal addressed the Great Depression, transformed American federalism, and initiated the welfare state.
The documents assembled here are international in scope, but many are compiled by American church leaders operating in the U.S. to address the European refugee problem. They worked within the U.S. legal system to attempt to bring refugees to the U.S., and the documents here reveal the ways in which they dealt with the U.S. system. Also revealed here is the way church leaders approached the lay Catholic population in order to educate them and solicit funds and service on behalf of the refugees.
And Era 9: Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s)
Standard 2: How the Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics
Standard 3: Domestic policies after World War II
Standard 4: The struggle for racial and gender equality and the extension of civil liberties.
This era and these standards can be addressed using these materials, particularly those dating from 1946-1951. The materials here frequently discuss the impact of communism on global affairs, on refugee populations, and on members of the faith. The documents also detail the work that went into attempting to bring refugees into the country legally.
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text:
Issue 24(1) 2019
R.L. Isemin1, D.V. Klimov2, A.V. Michalev2, O.Yu. Milovanov1, V.S. Kogh-Tatarenko1
1Tambov State Technical University
2Clean Energy Ltd
Keywords: biofuel, annealing, fuel index
Biomass is considered as CO2 - a neutral fuel, because when it is combusted, the same amount of carbon dioxide is released, which the plant absorbed while it grows, which generally provides zero emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biomass also includes many types of bio-waste, including agricultural waste, which processing and utilization allows to solve important environmental, economic and social problems. At the same time, the combustion process is associated with a number of problems caused by the low ash melting point, emissions of dust and ash particles, etc. It is important to assess the likelihood of these problems occurring without biomass burning experiments conducting. For these purposes, fuel indices were calculated according to the chemical composition analysis, which allow predicting the processes of micronutrient emission, ash melting with the slag agglomerates formation, and also the boiler surfaces corrosion during the combustion of three types of biofuel (pellets from straw, sunflower husk and poultry litter). Both "raw" granules and annealed granules (treated in an oxygen-free medium at 250 °C) were subjected to the analysis. Fuel indices analysis showed that biofuel produced from the poultry litter is the most suitable for use, provided that it is disinfected, which can be achieved in the process of biofuel annealing.
1. Bergman, P. C., Boersma, A. R., Zwart, R. W. R., & Kiel, J. H. A. (2005). Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations. Energy Centre of Netherlands, Report No. ECN-C-05-013.
2. Bach, Q. V., & Skreiberg, O. (2016). Upgrading biomass fuels via wet torrefaction: A review and comparison with dry torrefaction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (54), 665-677.
3. Sommersacher, P., Brunner, T., & Obernberger, I. (2011). Fuel indexes: a novel method for the evaluation of relevant combustion properties of new biomass fuels. Energy & Fuels, 26(1), 380-390.
4. Isemin, R. L., Mikhalev, A. V., Milovanov, O. Y., Stepantsova, L. V., & Solopov, V. A. (2017). Development of the Technology of Poultry Litter Treatment into Organic Fertilizer through Its Decontamination by the Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Method. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, (3), 84-88.


text:
The Pedja () is the fourth longest river in Estonia. Its source is near Simuna on the southern slopes of the Pandivere Upland. The river flows for 122 km through Lääne-Viru, Jõgeva and Tartu counties before joining the Emajõgi northeast of Lake Võrtsjärv. The last 4 km section of the river after confluence with Põltsamaa is known as the Pede. The largest settlement on the river is Jõgeva.

The Pedja is also the origin of the name of Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve, a large protected area on the river's lower reaches.

References
 Pedja jõgi

External links

Rivers of Estonia
Landforms of Jõgeva County
Landforms of Lääne-Viru County