text:
SPN 101 Spanish I (GE) (4)
Introduction to the basic principles and structure of the Spanish language through emphasis on pronunciation, comprehension, and conversation. Includes a laboratory component.
SPN 102 Spanish II (GE) (4)
Continuation of SPN 101. Further introduction to the basic principles and structure of the Spanish language through emphasis on pronunciation, comprehension, and conversation. Includes a laboratory component. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 101, placement test score, or consent of instructor.
Topics in Spanish.
SPN 201 Spanish III (GE) (4)
Review of grammar, reading, writing, and conversation. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 102 or placement test score.
SPN 300 Study Abroad: Spanish Immersion (3)
Culture, literature, and grammatical concerns taught in an immersion environment. Entrance class for non-returned missionaries. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
Introduction of culture, literature, and grammatical concerns through reading and writing about culture, short stories, novels, and drama in Spanish. First class for returned missionaries or others with significant experience abroad. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
Intensive study and practice with Spanish grammar, vocabulary, and writing. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 300 or 306.
Underlying concepts of Spanish speech production, phonetics, phonology, and applications to pronunciation. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
SPN 328 Introduction to Spanish Translation and Interpretation (3)
Introduction to the history, theory, and principles of translation and interpretation. Prerequisite: SPN 306.
Readings in modern Hispanic literatures, focusing on formal literary analysis. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
Readings in Spanish with an emphasis on literary analysis. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 330 or ENG 200.
Culture, history, art, music, and traditions of Spain. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
Culture, history, art, music, and traditions of Spanish America. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 202 or demonstrated competency in Spanish at the intermediate level.
Topics in Spanish. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 300 or 306.
SPN 385R Directed Study in Spanish (3)
Directed study in Spanish. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
SPN 399 Internship/Practicum in Spanish (3)
Internship or practicum in field of potential employment or advanced study. Internship proposal must be approved before registration. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Introduction to linguistics of Spanish: morphology, syntax, semantics, history of the Spanish language, etc. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 324 (or concurrently with SPN 324).
Topics in Spanish. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in SPN 324.
SPN 499 Senior Internship/Practicum in Spanish (3)
Internship or practicum in field of potential employment or advanced study. Internship proposal must be approved before registration. Prerequisite: SPN 324, 330, 360, senior class standing, and consent of instructor.


text:
Q: MASM "error A2206: missing operator in expression" Trying to get the base address with this code:
MOV EBX,FS:[0x30]
MOV EBX,[EBX + 0x0C]
MOV EBX,[EBX + 0x14]
MOV EBX,[EBX + 0x10]

Getting this error on every line: "error A2206: missing operator in expression"
What's the problem?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


York Photo has a nice deal right now. Get 10 free graduation announcements for free when you use code MYGRADUATION and pay only shipping. Also, if you are a new member, you can get 40 free photo prints as well!


text:
Quick Answer: How To Get Health Insurance In Oregon?
1 What is the income limit for the Oregon Health Plan?
2 How much does Oregon health plan cost?
3 Is there a penalty for no health insurance in Oregon?
4 How much is OHP monthly?
5 What is considered low income in Oregon 2020?
6 What is the highest income to qualify for Medicaid?
7 Who pays for Oregon Health Plan?
8 Is the Oregon Health Plan free?
9 What happens if you don't qualify for OHP?
10 What do I do if I don't have health insurance?
11 What happens if you don't have health insurance in 2020?
12 Can I go without health insurance?
13 Is OHP income limit gross or net?
14 What are the qualifications to qualify for Medicaid?
15 Is care Oregon the same as OHP?
What is the income limit for the Oregon Health Plan?
OHP is available to adults who earn up to 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. For a single person, income should be less than $1,396/month or household income of $2,887 for a family of four. OHP is available to kids and teens whose family earns up to 305 percent of the Federal Poverty Level.
How much does Oregon health plan cost?
How much does health insurance cost in Oregon? Oregon residents can expect to pay an average of $459 per person* for a major medical individual health insurance plan. Prices will vary and premiums can be lower if you are in good health.
Is there a penalty for no health insurance in Oregon?
You won't face a tax penalty for going without health insurance in 2021 —but there are big downsides to being uninsured. Obamacare's tax penalty went away in 2019. That means that if you don't have health insurance, you won't have to pay a penalty when you file your federal income taxes.
You might be interested: Question: What Airlines Fly To Medford Oregon?
How much is OHP monthly?
$1,468 a month for a single person. $3,013 for a family of four.
What is considered low income in Oregon 2020?
The Oregon Poverty Measure is meant to supplement the federal Official Poverty Measure, which tracks how many people fall below the federal poverty level. In 2020, that means an annual income of $26,200 or less for a family of four, or $12,760 for an individual.
What is the highest income to qualify for Medicaid?
So in a state in the continental U.S. that has expanded Medicaid (which includes most, but not all, states), a single adult is eligible for Medicaid in 2021 with an annual income of $17,774. Medicaid eligibility is determined based on current monthly income, so that amounts to a limit of $1,481 per month.
Who pays for Oregon Health Plan?
Overall, the federal government pays for the lion's share of the Oregon Health Plan budget. In the 2017-19 budget period, federal funds are expected to cover about 75 percent of OHP, while Oregon contributes the remaining 25 percent.
Is the Oregon Health Plan free?
OHP is free health coverage that covers the health care services children and teens need to thrive. OHP also covers labs, x-rays and hospital care.
What happens if you don't qualify for OHP?
Find a community organization that can help you enroll for free at OregonHealthCare.gov by clicking "Get Help" or by calling 855-268-3767 (toll-free) If you don't qualify for a special enrollment period or OHP, your next chance to enroll or change plans will be during open enrollment (Nov. 1 to Dec. 15).
You might be interested: FAQ: What Is The Flag Of Oregon?
What do I do if I don't have health insurance?
Without health insurance coverage, a serious accident or a health issue that results in emergency care and/or an expensive treatment plan can result in poor credit or even bankruptcy.
What happens if you don't have health insurance in 2020?
If you had no health coverage Unlike in past tax years, if you didn't have coverage during 2020, the fee no longer applies. This means you don't need an exemption in order to avoid the penalty.
Can I go without health insurance?
There is no law or rule about not having health insurance – the tax penalty for not having health insurance has also been removed at the federal level, so there's no longer a fine for being uninsured – but you do face risks if you choose to go uninsured.
Is OHP income limit gross or net?
*Oregon Health Plan eligibility is based on gross monthly income. The Marketplace bases eligibility on estimated gross annual income. *This chart provides only an ESTIMATE of an individual or family's likely eligibility.
What are the qualifications to qualify for Medicaid?
Medicaid beneficiaries generally must be residents of the state in which they are receiving Medicaid. They must be either citizens of the United States or certain qualified non-citizens, such as lawful permanent residents. In addition, some eligibility groups are limited by age, or by pregnancy or parenting status.
Is care Oregon the same as OHP?
Oregon's Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) are networks of providers serving the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) on a local level. In the Portland area (Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington counties), CareOregon is part of the Health Share of Oregon CCO.
Question: How Much Does An Abortion Cost In Oregon?
Often asked: How Much Can A Landlord Raise Rent In Oregon?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
An event camera, also known as a neuromorphic camera, silicon retina or dynamic vision sensor, is an imaging sensor that responds to local changes in brightness. Event cameras do not capture images using a shutter as conventional (frame) cameras do. Instead, each pixel inside an event camera operates independently and asynchronously, reporting changes in brightness as they occur, and staying silent otherwise.

Functional description
Event camera pixels independently respond to changes in brightness as they occur. Each pixel stores a reference brightness level, and continuously compares it to the current brightness level. If the difference in brightness exceeds a threshold, that pixel resets its reference level and generates an event: a discrete packet that contains the pixel address and timestamp. Events may also contain the polarity (increase or decrease) of a brightness change, or an instantaneous measurement of the illumination level. Thus, event cameras output an asynchronous stream of events triggered by changes in scene illumination.Event cameras have microsecond temporal resolution, 120 dB dynamic range, and less under/overexposure and motion blur than frame cameras. This allows them to track object and camera movement (optical flow) more accurately. They yield grey-scale information. Initially (2014), resolution was limited to 100 pixels. A later entry reached 640x480 resolution in 2019. Because individual pixels fire independently, event cameras appear suitable for integration with asynchronous computing architectures such as neuromorphic computing.  Pixel independence allows these cameras to cope with scenes with brightly and dimly lit regions without having to average across them.

*Indicates temporal resolution since human eyes and event cameras do not output frames.

Types
Temporal contrast sensors (such as DVS  (Dynamic Vision Sensor) or sDVS  (sensitive-DVS)) produce events that indicate polarity (increase or decrease in brightness), while temporal image sensors indicate the instantaneous intensity with each event. The DAVIS (Dynamic and Active-pixel Vision Sensor) contains a global shutter active pixel sensor (APS) in addition to the dynamic vision sensor (DVS) that shares the same photosensor array. Thus, it has the ability to produce image frames alongside events. Many event cameras additionally carry an inertial measurement unit (IMU).

Retinomorphic sensors

Another class of event sensors are so-called retinomorphic sensors. While the term retinomorphic has been used to describe event sensors generally, in 2020 it was adopted as the name for a specific sensor design based on a resistor and photosensitive capacitor in series. These capacitors are distinct from photocapacitors, which are used to store solar energy, and are instead designed to change capacitance under illumination. They charge/discharge slightly when the capacitance is changed, but otherwise remain in equilibrium. When a photosensitive capacitor is placed in series with a resistor, and an input voltage is applied across the circuit, the result is a sensor that outputs a voltage when the light intensity changes, but otherwise does not.

Unlike other event sensors (typically a photodiode and some other circuit elements), these sensors produce the signal inherently. They can hence be considered a single device that produces the same result as a small circuit in other event cameras. Retinomorphic sensors have to-date only been studied in a research environment.

Algorithms

Image reconstruction
Image reconstruction from events has the potential to create images and video with high dynamic range, high temporal resolution and reduced motion blur. Image reconstruction can be achieved using temporal smoothing, e.g. high-pass or complementary filter. Alternative methods include optimization and gradient estimation followed by Poisson integration.

Spatial convolutions
The concept of spatial event-driven convolution was postulated in 1999 (before the DVS), but later generalized during EU project CAVIAR (during which the DVS was invented) by projecting event-by-event an arbitrary convolution kernel around the event coordinate in an array of integrate-and-fire pixels. Extension to multi-kernel event-driven convolutions allows for event-driven deep convolutional neural networks.

Motion detection and tracking
Segmentation and detection of moving objects viewed by an event camera can seem to be a trivial task, as it is done by the sensor on-chip. However, these tasks are difficult, because events carry little information and do not contain useful visual features like texture and color. These tasks become further challenging given a moving camera, because events are triggered everywhere on the image plane, produced by moving objects and the static scene (whose apparent motion is induced by the camera's ego-motion). Some of the recent approaches to solving this problem include the incorporation of motion-compensation models and traditional clustering algorithms.

Potential applications
Potential applications include object recognition, autonomous vehicles, and robotics. The US military is considering infrared and other event cameras because of their lower power consumption and reduced heat generation.

See also

 Neuromorphic engineering
 Retinomorphic sensor
 Rolling shutter

References

Science of photography
Image sensors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Last week Thailand Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign…
Camera Drones a necessary tool of 21st century photo-journalism
Just as drones, or more accurately unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),…
Bangkok – Assault on Democracy – Photo Special
The attempt by a small number of predominantly right-wing, conservative…
Thailand Labour Day 2013 – Photo Special
More than four thousand trade unionists gathered at Sanam Luang…
Is Myanmar another Rwanda genocide in the making?
The events of the last two weeks in Myanmar bear…
Hold the phone, Thailand telcos "worse than unanaesthetised root-canal"
Getting connected to mobile phone and data services in most…
Last week Thailand Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs General Tanasak Patimapragorn failed to join his counterparts from Indonesia…
By John Le Fevre on May 25, 2015 2 Comments
Just as drones, or more accurately unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have grown to play an important role in military, humanitarian relief,…
By John Le Fevre on November 17, 2014 No Comment
The attempt by a small number of predominantly right-wing, conservative Bangkokians supported by the country's second oldest political party*, the Democrat…
By John Le Fevre on December 21, 2013 No Comment
Subscribe to Photo-journ's newsblog
Enter your email address to receive alerts of new posts delivered by Feedburner to your email box
By John Le Fevre on March 31, 2013 No Comment
Thais need educating that foreigners visiting Thailand are not targets – Thailand Foreign Minister
Editorial Thailand's high-value tourism industry has taken a battering courtesy…
By John Le Fevre on July 29, 2012 6 Comments
Tweets by photo_journ
US demands royalties on pandemic vaccines as thousands more fall ill with influenza A(H1N1) Mexican swine flu
An intergovernmental meeting of the World Health Organisation (WHO), has failed to reach an agreement on sharing influenza virus research material and access to vaccines, with the US…
Further delay possible for Bali bombers
The execution of the islamist fundamentalists responsible for the 2002 Bali bombings that killed more than 200 people could face further delays. There is no time limit in which a convict must submit a request for a presidential pardon. The way the law currently stands it can easily be manipulated and further delays to the death sentences being carried out could occur.…
By John Le Fevre on October 20, 2007 No Comment
Gili Trawangan: A paradise lost
Located only 35 kilometres to the east of Bali, the island of Lombok has long had a reputation for being the uncommercialised version of Indonesia's best known tourism…
By John Le Fevre on September 21, 2007 19 Comments
Death of maid in Malaysia highlights endemic foreign worker abuse
The torture-murder of a 24-year-old Indonesian maid in her employers house in Malaysia last week is just the tip of the iceberg of a litany of human rights…
By John Le Fevre on August 23, 2007 2 Comments
Malaysian current events
"Sadistic" Malaysian employer Yim Pek Ha sentenced to 18-years jail for abusing maid: Released on bail
In August 2007 I wrote Death of maid in Malaysia highlights endemic foreign worker abuse which chronicled the…
By John Le Fevre on March 23, 2009 3 Comments
The torture-murder of a 24-year-old Indonesian maid in her employers house in Malaysia last week is just the…
Foreigners caned most in Malaysia
When video of a drug trafficker being caned (rotaned) in Malaysia was leaked onto the Internet last week…
By John Le Fevre on August 7, 2007 1 Comment
Visit Malaysia 2007 … why bother?
To celebrate 50 years of independence the Malaysian Government is spending RM 149 million (US$ 12 million) on…
By John Le Fevre on August 4, 2007 No Comment
Pictorial Special
The attempt by a small number of predominantly right-wing,…
By John Le Fevre on December 21, 2013
Thailand Internal Security Act shows rattled Thai Government
Just a little more than two-and-a-half years after anti-government…
By John Le Fevre on November 23, 2012
Tiffany's Universe transgender swimsuit competition 2011 photo special
In Search of of Miss Sexy Star 2011 –…
By John Le Fevre on June 5, 2011
Red-shirts return to Ratchaprasong for anniversary of deadly 2010 crackdown
This story was updated at 6:45pm May 27, 2011.…
By John Le Fevre on May 19, 2011
Songkran topless coyote girls video disturbs Thailand – no, it's not April 1
This story was updated at 23:25 April 19, 2011. Additional/edited text in blue type. Not known for its…
By John Le Fevre on April 17, 2011
Just as drones, or more accurately unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have grown to play an important role in…
Chiang Mai tourist death hotel mystery remains – governor slams foreign media report
This story was updated at 10:25am May 15, 2011. Additional/ edited text in green type. Mystery still surrounds…
Thailand Coup 2014 Day One:
On Thursday May 22 the Royal Thai Army (RTA) imple... (Read more )
Thailand political protests 2013:
These photos of the anti-democracy, anti-governmen... (Read more )
The layout for this site has been changed.
As a result some pages may not display correctly.
Sorry about that. I'm fixing the problems as fast as I can.
John Le Fevre
Click anywhere outside the text box or the X to make this message disappear


We believe that every person deserves a chance to completely live a beautiful life and that a physical limitations or special needs should stop nobody from getting to work, to travel, enjoy and experience. Therefore, we provide the disabled and those with special needs transportation services at the highest level, so that they can reach their destination comfortably and easily.
Like the rest of our vehicles, the disabled transportation vehicles also meet the highest standards available on the market; much though have been invested in them in order to help any passenger, ranging from wheelchair users to people with special needs.
Disabled transport vehicle has special measures which take into account the wheelchair and other accessories used by the disabled or handicapped passenger. The vehicle should have dimensions suitable for a wheelchair dimensions, as well as a special safety accessories such as belts and easy technology for lifting the wheelchair. The disabled transportation vehicles of Moni Siton Transportation include all the equipment needed for transporting the disabled, including lifts, rails and medical accessories such as an oxygen tank. At the same time, the vehicles also include regular seats for the escorts.
We insist on courtesy and consideration for passengers and escorts, so that the assigned drivers always have experience in disabled transportation. They are attentive to passengers, alert to changes during the trip and go through training on how to act in different situations.
Whether you want to integrate a disabled person in the workplace and whether you have to assure their safe commute to work, we are here with our sophisticated, comfortable disabled transportation vehicles. We offer a new fleet of convenient vehicles to transport the disabled, as well as a sympathetic ear and a team of courteous, professional drivers.


text:
News > Medscape Medical News > ASCO 2020
Quitting Smoking 2 Years Before Lung Cancer Diagnosis May Improve Survival
Andrew D. Bowser
Quitting smoking prior to a lung cancer diagnosis is associated with a survival benefit, even among patients who recently stopped smoking, according to results of a pooled analysis.
The overall survival advantage was significant regardless of how long ago patients had last smoked, including among those who quit within 2 years prior to their diagnosis.
These findings create a "teachable moment" for health care providers in scenarios when patients might be more receptive to a stop-smoking message, according to investigator Aline F. Fares, MD, a clinical research fellow at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto.
"Our study can be summarized to patients as, 'it's never too late to quit,' " Dr. Fares said.
She presented results from this study at the American Society of Clinical Oncology virtual scientific program during a press briefing in advance of the meeting. This year, ASCO's annual meeting is split into two parts. The virtual scientific program will be presented online May 29-31. The virtual education program will be available Aug. 8-10.
Dr. Fares presented data on 35,481 patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer who had been enrolled in 17 studies conducted by the International Lung Cancer Consortium. (Data in the presentation were updated from the abstract.)
At diagnosis, 47.5% of the patients were current smokers, 30% were former smokers, and 22.5% were never smokers.
The risk of death from any cause was cut by 20% among former smokers who quit more than 5 years before their lung cancer diagnosis (P < .001). Patients who quit smoking 2-5 years before diagnosis had a 16% reduction in the risk of death, while those who quit within 2 years of diagnosis had a 12% reduced risk (P < .001 for both comparisons).
The overall survival advantage was evident in this pooled analysis regardless of patient sex, disease stage, histology, or amount of smoking as measured in pack-years, according to Dr. Fares. That said, the overall survival advantage appeared to be even greater among heavier smokers (i.e., greater than 30 pack-years) as compared with lighter smokers.
Lung cancer–specific survival was improved by 15% for patients who quit smoking more than 5 years prior to their diagnosis. For those who had quit more recently, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improvement in this outcome.
Overall survival was higher in never smokers in comparison with current smokers, a finding that was expected based on previous studies, according to Dr. Fares.
These findings could be important to share with individuals who are current smokers at the time of lung cancer screening, according to Maher A. Karam-Hage, MD, medical director of the tobacco treatment program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
"The power of this data is that it shows quitting makes a difference, and that it can be more impactful the longer you quit before you get diagnosed," Dr. Karam-Hage said in an interview.
Negative lung cancer screening results sometimes give individuals the false impression that they are "one of the lucky ones" who won't get lung cancer and don't have to quit smoking, according to Dr. Karam-Hage, who is studying the comparative effectiveness of different smoking cessation strategies.
"Now, as part of shared decision making, we can provide people with specific numbers before the scan that [suggest] no matter what the scan comes out with, the earlier they quit, the better off they will be," he said.
Negative lung cancer screening results sometimes give individuals the false impression that they are "one of the lucky ones" who don't have to quit smoking, according to Dr. Karam-Hage, who is studying the comparative effectiveness of different smoking cessation strategies.
"Now, as part of shared decision making, we can explain to them before the scan that no matter what the scan comes out with, you ought to quit smoking, and that the earlier you do it, the better off you'll be," he said.
In her presentation, Dr. Fares said that lung cancer screening may be an "interesting time" to address smoking cessation, particularly among patients with a heavier smoking history.
"After a lifetime of smoking, patients often feel it's too late to quit smoking and that the damage has already been done," she added.
The International Lung Cancer Consortium studies had multiple supporters. Dr. Fares reported having no disclosures related to the research. One researcher reported relationships with AbbVie, AstraZeneca, MedImmune, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Canada, and Takeda. Dr. Karam-Hage reported having no relevant disclosures.
SOURCE: Fares AF et al. ASCO 2020, Abstract 1512.
This story originally appeared on MDedge.com.
Cite this: Quitting Smoking 2 Years Before Lung Cancer Diagnosis May Improve Survival - Medscape - May 15, 2020.
Commenting is limited to medical professionals. To comment please Log-in.
Comments on Medscape are moderated and should be professional in tone and on topic. You must declare any conflicts of interest related to your comments and responses. Please see our Commenting Guide for further information. We reserve the right to remove posts at our sole discretion.
Manage Email Alerts
Medical Practice Gave 8000 Patients Cancer for Christmas
Now Takeda Offers Rebate if Lung Cancer Drug Fails to Work
Health Policy Expert Peter Bach, MD, Goes to Biotech Company
Medscape Consult
Lung Cancer Risk Rises With A1c, Falls With Medication
Racial Disparities in Lung Cancer Start With Research
In Early-Stage NSCLC, Give Nivolumab Before or After Surgery?
Where Are Checkpoint Inhibitors Standard of Care for NSCLC?
Related Conditions & Procedures
Imaging in Lung Cancer Staging
Small Cell Lung Cancer Staging
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
ALK+ Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Fast Five Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Lung Cancer?
10 Brain Lesions to Recognize
Palliative Radiotherapy Reduces End-Stage Liver Cancer Pain
Approvals and Withdrawals: Inside the Cancer Drug Terrain of 2022
Could Nodal RT Explain Failure of ICIs in Head and Neck Cancer?
Unlocking the Secrets of Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: What Do Nurses Need to Know? 0.5 CE Credits
0.5 CE
Unlocking the Secrets of Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: What Do Nurses Need to Know?
Need a Curbside Consult? Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape Consult. Share a Case


The voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨t͡ɕ⟩, ⟨t͜ɕ⟩, ⟨c͡ɕ⟩ and ⟨c͜ɕ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_s\ and c_s\, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨c⟩ (c in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨tɕ⟩ or ⟨cɕ⟩ in the IPA and ts\ or cs\ in X-SAMPA.
Neither [t] nor [c] are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [t̠ʲ] (retracted and palatalized [t]) or [c̟] (advanced [c]). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are t_-' or t_-_j and c_+, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȶ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [t̠ʲɕ], [c̟ɕ] and [ȶɕ].
This affricate used to have a dedicated symbol ⟨ʨ⟩, which was one of the six dedicated symbols for affricates in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Albanian and Russian, and is the sibilant equivalent of voiceless palatal affricate.
Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
Sema akichi [à̠kìt͡ɕì] 'mouth' Possible allophone of /t͡ʃ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [t͡ʃ] instead.
Serbo-Croatian Ловћен / Lovćen [ɫǒ̞ʋt͡ɕe̞n] 'Lovćen' Merges into /t͡ʃ/ in dialects that don't distinguish /ʈ͡ʂ/ from /t͡ɕ/.
Thai จาน [t͡ɕaːn] 'dish' Contrasts with aspirated form.
^ Pop (1938), p. 29.
^ Zygis (2003), pp. 180–181.
^ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
^ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.
This page was last edited on 13 April 2019, at 07:50 (UTC).


text:
Boden to Expand CenterPoint Facility
Press Releases by Mericle Commercial Real Estate Services | August 11, 2010
Mericle is expanding one of its buildings in CenterPoint to accommodate the growth of one of its tenants.
British clothier Boden has announced plans to more than double the size of its Jenkins Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania facility. The project will help preserve 140 jobs and lead to the creation of 60 new jobs by February, 2011.
Construction will begin immediately and will add 74,400 square feet to the 62,000 square foot call center and distribution facility located at 180 Armstrong Road in CenterPoint Commerce & Trade Park East. The expansion is expected to be finished by the end of the year.
Julian Granville, Managing Director of Boden said, "We are delighted and proud to be expanding our US facility in Jenkins Township. Since its opening in 2008 we have established a fantastic team and have been providing a great service for our customers. The growth in our US business and our desire to ship more stock direct to customers from Jenkins Township means that we need to double the size of our facility earlier than we expected. Once fully operational in 2011 we will be able to offer our US customers an even better service."
"This is great news," said Greater Pittston Chamber of Commerce President Charles Adonizio. "We thank Boden for making this major investment and for their faith in the Greater Pittston business community."
Boden is a UK direct retailer of premium casual apparel. The company sells womenswear and menswear under the Boden name, teen apparel under the Johnnie b label, and children's clothing under the Mini Boden brand. It markets the collections through its catalogs and Web site. Boden also operates two retail stores in the UK. Set up by Johnnie Boden in 1991, who was inspired by the high standards set up by US mail order companies, Boden fills a gap in the apparel market offering high quality, colorful, unique, good value clothes with a British twist for all the family. Boden is now a $300+ million turnover (2009) business employing 875 staff, of which 140 are based in Jenkins Township.
Boden opened its CenterPoint facility in March, 2008 after a multi-state search for a U.S. headquarters location. Governor Rendell touted the advantages to locating in Pennsylvania when he met with Boden's leaders while on a trade mission to the United Kingdom in June 2007. Local economic development officials and representatives from Mericle Commercial Real Estate Services provided site selection assistance to Boden.
"Governor Edward G. Rendell has made it his priority to bring great companies, like Boden, to Pennsylvania," said Department of Community and Economic Development Secretary Austin Burke. "We are proud to have been a part of the company's success in Luzerne County.
"Through the Governor's World Trade PA program, we have representatives in England and around the world who listen to what companies need, work with the Governor's Action Team to find locations and assistance, and help them achieve success in Pennsylvania," Burke said.
CenterPoint Commerce & Trade Park was developed by Mericle Commercial Real Estate Services starting in October of 2005. In less than five years, the park has grown to approximately 5.3 million square feet in 18 buildings. Close to 2,500 people work for the 24 companies located in CenterPoint.
Mericle owns the Boden building and is constructing the expansion.
The real estate transaction was handled by Jeff Williams of Cushman & Wakefield, Philadelphia and Bill Jones of Mericle.
Founded by Robert K. Mericle, Mericle Construction Inc. self-performs virtually all aspects of development and construction, using its own in-house personnel, Mericle Construction is better able to control costs and fast track delivery schedules to meet its clients' needs. It fashions itself as a throwback to the "master builder" of old when experienced craftsmen self-performed all aspects of the construction process.
Click here to return to our Press Release Archive.
65 Reasons to Celebrate: Mericle Tenants and Employees join forces to support USMC Toys for Tots
Mericle & DiscoverNEPA recognized as Outstanding Business of the Year by the Greater Pittston Chamber of Commerce


Are you a bleeder? Maybe that's an inelegant way of diagnosing, but if you have a penchant for bloody noses or bruises easily, you may need a boost of vitamin K. Eugene chiropractic patients' hearts and bones may well benefit, too!
Now, vitamin K isn't a "famous" vitamin, but it's a vital vitamin when it comes to blood clotting. Without vitamin K, blood wouldn't coagulate or clot. Some studies now also suggest that it's influential in keep bones strong in the elderly folks, too. (1) We'll talk some about that here, too. So Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic thought we'd share some facts about vitamin K that may enhance your chiropractic treatment plan.
K1 is the only one available as a supplement (in multivitamins or solo tablets). (2) Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic touts dietary intake and sometimes supplementation. We work with our Eugene chiropractic patients to make it easy and convenient for them and their lifestyles to balance their nutrition.
Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic reviews the total health of our Eugene chiropractic patients, so your heart and bone health is important to us, too.
Since the average vitamin K intake is only 75 to 125 mcg (4), chat with Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic about your intake or lack thereof of vitamin K and your risks for deficiency. Call Rethwill Chiropractic Clinic to set up your next Eugene chiropractic appointment today!


A simple, rapid, precise and reliable analytical method for the micro determination of lead in water samples has been developed. The method incorporates co-precipitation of lead on zirconium hydroxide followed by its determination employing atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) using 283.3 nm wavelength. The reliability of the method was established by analyses of water samples. The newly developed method has been successfully validated with spiked river, bore well and rain water samples. The method is superior to currently used methods for the determination of lead in water samples.


Apr 21 Alpine: Below Threshold. Treeline: Below Threshold. Below Treeline: Below Threshold.
Apr 22 Alpine: Below Threshold. Treeline: Below Threshold. Below Treeline: Below Threshold.
Conditions are improving and the public appears to be stepping out. Remain watchful and cognizant of thin and faceted snowpack areas. It is this type of place that could still produce an avalanche.
After a brief cool-ish period, temperatures are starting to climb back towards zero in the valley bottoms on Tuesday. Some precipitation is in the forecast for Thursday amounting to about 8-10cm. The wind will generally remain in the moderate range from the West.
10-20cm of snow sits on top of isolated sun-crusts and surface hoar. Possible new soft wind slabs in lee alpine areas. Of greatest concern are the weak facets and depth hoar at the base of the snowpack. In thinner snowpack areas with less than 150 cm of snow, triggering a slab on these facets is more likely.
Some small (size 1.5) thin windslabs were observed on a SE aspect in Kootenay National Park today. Otherwise no new avalanches observed or reported.
The weak Oct.26 facets and depth hoar at the base of the snowpack have a significant slab (50-130cm thick) sitting above them. The likelihood of triggering this layer has decreased, but if it does get triggered, the avalanche will be large in size.
Avoid thin, rocky or unsupported slopes.Be aware of the potential for full depth avalanches due to weak layers at the base of the snowpack.
New soft wind slabs can likely be located in high elevation lee areas. Forecasters don't expect them to be more than 20cm thick.
Aspects: North East, East, South East.


Data may seem to play only a supporting role in child welfare programs, but it can have a big impact on an agency's work. A focus on data quality is part of the change agencies will experience as they modernize systems to comply with the federal Comprehensive Child Welfare Information Systems (CCWIS) regulation. For child welfare agencies, that focus presents a valuable opportunity to improve data—and what can be done with it—now and in the future. This paper highlights how agencies can design an effective data quality initiative and modernize their child welfare systems to deliver better outcomes for children and families.


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Erioderma physcoides Vain.

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Course:GEOG352/2019/Crime in Caracas
< Course:GEOG352
In recent years, the capital of Venezuela has been portrayed in the media as a struggling city that is undergoing a large-scale crisis. Since the late 1990s, Venezuela has adopted Chavez's socialist reforms that have been dubbed the Bolivarian Revolution, which focuses on social well-being through income and housing redistribution for the country's most marginalized populations. However, due to the current government's poor management of the economy and inaccessibility to resources, there has been widespread public distrust and resentment towards government actors and policies. As a result, crime has grown exponentially in the country, especially in Caracas. Overall, the Political transformation from the Bolivarian Revolution has had profound impacts on the capital.
Political transformation explores the idea of society being governed by different levels of politics. The northern ideals of government are problematic because it does not take into account the uniqueness of the local context of the Global South. Therefore, there is a need to explore political transformation from the perspective of the Global South, to challenge the hegemonic discourse of northern dominated notions of governance. In regards to the local context, the role of urban politics has major significance. Rather than only viewing governance from a top-down perspective, it is important to address political transformation as a whole in order to have a collaborative rapport between the state and its citizens. The state need to be able to address local issues and create spaces in which their citizens can actively participate. The case study of Caracas is used to exemplify the importance of the local context, in which governmental policies ignored the importance of collaborative relations.
2 Case study of Crime within Caracas
2.1 Governance
2.2 Hyperinflation
2.3 Spaces of Violence
3 Lessons Learned
Political transformation is a change in any level of governance occurring at global to local scales. Large-scale Politics entails higher forms of government decisions and policies which establishes and regulates formal institutions. In addition to large-scale Politics, it is also important to recognize the significance of small-scale politics, or in other terms, urban politics. Urban politics can be defined as the everyday initiatives to get access to public services, or to protect those that already exist [in which] community organizing crosses the boundary between engagement with the state and opposition to state programs and policies.[1] This component of politics becomes pertinent to cities located in the global south and east because as they are growing exponentially, it is through the role of activism at grassroots-level that trigger change in formal governmental processes. The rise in civil society and participation stem from the government's inability to address the needs and concerns of their citizens, shifting the social and political spheres in society. The lack of addressing the citizens' demands and worries can lead to powerful and threatening behaviours. Thus, emphasizing the relationship between government and urban politics.
Evidently, the Pink Tide movement in Latin America demonstrates political transformation at a regional scale. The root of the Pink Tide movement stems from the Latin American Debt Crisis in 1980s. To combat rising debt, states adopted neoliberal strategies levied by the IMF and World Bank. However, beginning in the late 1990s/2000s, many countries – most notably, Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela – strayed away from neoliberal models shifting to a left-wing model.[2] This left-wing wave that spread throughout Latin America deviated from decades of US hegemony and extreme inequality in the regions, transiting to more socialist policies. As a result of the Pink Tide, social services, wages and pensions all increased while regional cooperation grew and countries became more democratic.[3] Nevertheless, oppositions of the Pink Tide argue that its plans were poorly executed, corruption increased, and governments became more authoritarian.[4] [5] Beginning in the mid 2010s, the Pink Tide began receding while the neoliberal economic model slowly returned. One notable exception is Venezuela, where former President Hugo Chavez has been one of the largest proponents of the Pink Tide. His legacy is lived on through his successor Nicolas Maduro. Despite the government's successful policies in addressing urban inequality, crime in Caracas has risen dramatically.
Crime can be a reflection of society as it is the violation of normalized behaviours, and is often committed as a last resort. Institutions dictate behaviours that are wanted and unwanted.[6] Desired behaviours are normalized, while unwanted behaviours are criminalized and punished.[6] These behaviours are a widespread societal agreement. When instability in society occurs, it can lead to conflicts thus resorting to the use of force to achieve goals and resolve conflicts. Therefore, increases in crime rate indicate poor governance as a result of political transformation in Venezuela.[6] Although crime is found throughout the world, crime in Caracas is amongst the highest, as a result of unique local contexts. Since the beginning of the Bolivarian Revolution, homicide in Caracas is almost risen 2 times higher than the national average.[7] The crime in Caracas is a result of the wider political transformation in Venezuela.
Case study of Crime within Caracas
Data extracted from National Institute of Statistics (2010, 115)
The capital city of Caracas has risen to become one of the most violent cities in the world,[2] where crime has increased by 838% from 1986 to 2012.[5] The city has been assessed and labelled as a critical location for crime,[3] in which over 73 Venezuelans die every day. Factors that contribute to crime include a lack of ill-equipped and corrupt police force,[4] accelerated and unplanned urban growth, [5] a polarizing judicial system, and access to a mass supply of illegal weapons.[3] Although, homicides still remain the biggest concern within Caracas, other methods of crime such as kidnapping [4]and robberies (e.g. carjacking,[6]street-robbery and home invasions) have begun to plague the city.[3] Notably, the demographic most involved in criminal activity are males aged between 15 and 24, situated in the middle and lower class.[5]Additionally, barrios or ranchos, the slums neighborhoods of Caracas[3] have become known as places of concentrated acts of crime. Slums have become safe havens for criminal gangs activities as police tend to patrol less frequently within those areas. Growth in crime can also be attributed to political opposition between the residents of Caracas. Colectivos are neighborhoods that house leftist supporters of President Nicolas Maduro, where residents believe and promote the Bolvarian ideals of the late President Hugo Chávez. Ultimately, the growth of opposing political supporters, the Chavistas (pro-Chavez) and Escualidos (anti-Chavez), has lead to physical altercations within the city.[7]
Violence used against a peaceful student protest.
One of the factors leading to increased crimes rates during the ongoing Bolivarian Revolution is the poor execution of government policies. Social spending doubled from 1998 to 2011, leading to dramatic decreases in unemployment, childhood malnutrition and increased rates of secondary school graduation.[8] Despite the government's successful policies in addressing urban inequality, crime still rose dramatically. Critics note that under Chavez, the government overspent on social programs.[9][10] Therefore, there was little economic security leading up the 2013 economic crisis (see Hyperinflation) .[10] It is argued that there was no competent crime policy in Caracas.[11][12] During Chavez's fourteen years in power, there were twelve different Ministers of the Interior who are responsible of overseeing urban crime in Caracas. This constant change resulted in little-to-no continuity between the twenty-two different plans aimed at tackling urban crime.[11]
Under the Bolivarian Revolution, the government failed to provide a reasonable police force to address rising crime. In 2008, then Mayor of Caracas, Antonio Ledezma, requested the national government to manage Caracas' Metropolitan Police Force, as the city could no longer afford it.[12] As a result, the National Guard – a branch of the military – is now the police force in Caracas. However, crime did not decrease because the National Guard is heavily involved in criminal activity.[11] After the failed coups d'états attempts in 2002, the government advocated for the establishment of pro-government militias – known as the Colectivos – aimed to promote civilian participation in addressing crime.[11] Colectivos have been linked to assault and murder of civilians during anti-government protests.[11]
Additionally, even prior to the Bolivarian Revolution corruption has been an ongoing issue in Caracas, yet little has been done to address it. As of 2018, Venezuela is ranked as the 168th most corrupt country.[13] For example, the extension of the city's metro, Line 5, was projected to be finished by 2010. However, the project currently remains unfinished due to government embezzlement.[14] Many political elites, including President Maduro, have been accused of receiving bribes in the Oderbrecht scandal.[15] The Venezuelan National Assembly has documented several cases of corruption involving Oderbrecht, but there have been no trials.[14] Ultimately, high levels of corruption have been known to spark crime in Caracas.
Venezuelans searching through garbage for food.
The effects of hyperinflation is jeopardizing Venezuelans' economic and urban security forcing many individuals to engage in violent means of survival. Due to 83% of Venezuela's population residing in urban areas,[16] hyperinflation in cities like Caracas, has lead to "[t]he breakdown of basic services reduc[ing] life to a daily struggle secur[ing] fundamental needs".[17] The insecurity of food, the lack of access to electricity and water, and the inability to maintain a stable livelihood has fueled the citizens' anger at the government [18] and heightened aggressive methods of accumulating resources.[19] In addition, the lack of government action in taming the economic crisis has sparked hostile protests and criminal behaviour.[20] Gangs and other violent non-state actors have also resorted to holding people at gunpoint for food rather than money because money holds no value.[20] Conversely, due to the lack of monetary value regarding the Venezuelan bolivar, Colectivos have started using illegal methods to create a new currency circulating internally among small black market communities.[21] Sadly, regardless of the individual's socioeconomic and employment status, millions are going through similar forms of suffering increasing the citizens' violent tendencies.[20]
Spaces of Violence
Slums in Caracas.
Spaces of violence, which increases crime, have been linked to Chavez's promotion of violence. He has used stereotypes to embed hostile divisions and alter social rules, which created zones of violence where dangerous clashes of opposing perspectives regularly occur.[22][23] Chavez was able to take advantage of existing social frustrations experienced by marginalized people and gain their support. Before Chavez's presidency, marginalized people were excluded from certain spaces such as gated communities, malls, and etc. due to their lower socioeconomic status and were restricted from participation (eg. voting). [24][23] His political agenda brought the marginalized into the spotlight, and framed it as a class-centered problem.[24] Those who opposed his political ideology are labeled oligarchs, devoid of morals and is against social justice.[23] Not only did this create fear of the rising marginalized class among the middle and upper classes, but it also fuelled hostility and increased violent clashes between the socioeconomic classes.These clashes occur between two political groups: Chavistas (pro-Chavez) and Escualidos (anti-Chavez).[11] The Chavistas are usually lower class and marginalized people, which mostly resided in downtown and shanty towns westward. On the other hand, Esculidos usually reside in the east and south-east, which are comprised of the middle to upper class residents. The ambiguous area in between the neighborhoods are more prone to conflict and physical confrontations, which escalated during 2002/2003 when political tensions were high.[11] A particular place of contention is Plaza Bolivar which is a symbol of Venezuelan independence and morality.[23] As of 2019, the Plaza is still claimed as Chavista territory, despite being formally acknowledged as a place for the public. Those in the opposition are still unable to access the Plaza due to the possibility of violent, thus reinforcing Chavez's desire for class conflict.[25]
As demonstrated above, Caracas is a paradoxical city that highlights a need for political transformation that incorporates all aspects of urban challenges within the local context. Despite massive improvements in universal indicators used to assess underdevelopment (ex. education, economic inequality, etc), crime still is increasing dramatically. The government has failed to create a credible Police Force to tackle rising crime. Corruption has been so abundant, many citizens has questioned the legitimacy of their governments. The inability to control inflation, has forced many residents to commit. Furthermore, the failureof the government to address the zones of violence in the city has allowed crime to intensify, thus, dubbing Caracas as on of the most dangerous cities in the world. The case study demonstrates that solutions should not be limited to small-scale economic and welfare changes, instead there is also a need to address wider social relations, economic and historical issues. Moreover, the case study highlights the importance of a cohesive society in improving the overall well being of its citizens. Rather than only implementing changes from the top-down and assuming the needs of citizens, there needs collaboration between bottom-up and top-down approaches.
It is clear that there has been short-term success, but it has not been a sustainable solution for a growing city. Chavez was focused on short-term solutions to gain popularity rather than meeting long term goals. He did not take into consideration that relying on a single resource for economic prosperity would lead and turbulent government. There is a fundamental need to develop long-term sustainable solutions based on the local context.
Ultimately, the case study of crime in Caracas cannot be generalized as the cause of crime in Latin America, as each region has its own unique contexts. Nor can it be used to completely dismiss socialism in favour of neoliberalism, as it is framed negatively in media of the global north. Instead, the failures and successes of the Venezuelan government should be examined rather than being dismissed as another failure of a corrupt and underdeveloped country.
↑ Oldfield, S. and Stokke, K., 2007. Political polemics and local practices of community organizing and neoliberal politics in South Africa. Contesting Neoliberalism, p.139-156
↑ 2.0 2.1 Pink Tide (2018). (4th ed.) Oxford University Press.
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Hatala, T. (2018). The Pink Tide: A Survey of Research on the Rise of the Left in Latin America. Simon Fraser University Summit, 95. Retrieved from http://summit.sfu.ca/item/18050
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Arsenault, C. (2019, February 05). Venezuela's crisis: Why now and what's next? | CBC News. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/venezuela-politics-tensions-maduro-1.5005237
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Phillips, T. (2019, April 01). Venezuela: Maduro calls on armed groups to keep order amid electricity rationing. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/01/maduro-venezuela-colectivos-electricity-power-rationing
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Briceño-León, R (2012). "Three phases of homicidal violence in venezuela". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 17(12): 3233.
↑ 7.0 7.1 Tremaria, Stiven (2016). "Violent caracas: Understanding violence and homicide in contemporary venezuela". international Journal of Conflict and Violence. 10 (1): 62–76 – via IJCV.
↑ Johnston, J., & Kozameh, S. (2013, March 7). Venezuelan Economic and Social Performance Under Hugo Chávez, in Graphs | The Americas Blog. Retrieved from http://cepr.net/blogs/the-americas-blog/venezuelan-economic-and-social-performance-under-hugo-chavez-in-graphs
↑ Kucera, J. (2011). What Is Hugo Chávez Up To? The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), 35(2), 25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/stable/41484249
↑ 10.0 10.1 Corrales, J. (2015, May 07). Don't Blame It On the Oil. Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/07/dont-blame-it-on-the-oil-venezuela-caracas-maduro/
↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Tremaria, Stiven (2016). "Violent caracas: Understanding violence and homicide in contemporary venezuela". international Journal of Conflict and Violence. 10 (1): 62–76 – via IJCV.
↑ 12.0 12.1 Birkbeck, C. (2009). Venezuela: The shifting organizational framework for the police. Police Practice and Research, 10(4), 295. doi:10.1080/15614260802586293
↑ E.V., T. I. (2018). Corruption Perceptions Index 2018. Retrieved from https://www.transparency.org/cpi2018
↑ 14.0 14.1 Maya, M. L. (2018). Populism, 21st-century socialism and corruption in Venezuela. Thesis Eleven, 149(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513618818727
↑ Casey, N. (2017, October 12). Maduro Becomes Latest Leader Accused in Huge Bribery Scheme. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/world/americas/venezuela-odebrecht-maduro-corruption.html
↑ Rakowski, C.A. & Kastner, G. (1985). Difficulties involved in taking health services to the people: the example of a public health care center in Caraca barrio. Social Science & Medicine, 21(1), 67-75.
↑ Hernandez, A.R. & Zuniga, M. (April 4, 2019). 'Why are you crying, Mami?' In Venezuela, the search for water is a daily struggle. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/why-are-you-crying-mami-in-venezuela-the-search-for-water-is-a-daily-struggle/2019/04/04/39972ce4-5547-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.0c991b523e29.
↑ Nugent, C. (Oct 23, 2018). How hunger fuels crime and violence in Venezuela. Retrieved from http://time.com/longform/hunger-crime-violence-venezuela/.
↑ Melimopoulos, E. (April 6, 2019). Venezuelans take to the streets as power struggle persists. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/venezuelans-streets-power-struggle-persists-190406075444885.html.
↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Henao, L.A. (March 19,2019). Venezuelans find ways to cope with inflation and hunger. Retrieved from https://www.apnews.com/4a55b9c09cd74740aea2ace5db0ab30f.
↑ BBC Stories (September 7, 2018). "World's Most Dangerous Cities: Caracas - BBC Stories". Youtube. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
↑ Briceño-León, R (2012). "Three phases of homicidal violence in venezuela". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 17(12): 3233.
↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Servinga, A (2017). "Whose Place Is It, Anyways? Chavez's Bolivarianism And Contested Public Spaces in Caracas". The Journal of Latin American And Caribbean Anthropology. 20(3): 475–495.
↑ 24.0 24.1 Rebotier, J (2011). "Politicizing fear of crime and insecurity in Caracas". Emotion, Space and Society. 4(2): 104–112.
↑ Daniels, J. P. (2019, January 23). Venezuela protests: Thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/23/venezuela-protests-thousands-march-against-maduro-as-opposition-sees-chance-for-change.
This urbanization resource was created by Course:GEOG352.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:GEOG352/2019/Crime_in_Caracas&oldid=555524"
Pages with ignored display titles
GEOG352


The second set of photos from my voyage down to Denver. These are from the second day Abby and I … read more . . .
What's Your Favourite Thing About This City?
The Question Project travels to Texas. While wandering around Austin I asked people I ran into "What's your favourite thing … read more . . .
I've been wanting to do some gym & fitness related photography but the opportunity never showed up. Getting to spread … read more . . .
Me working on the outdoor photography and letting go of the safety blanket of my studio strobes. Model: Kassidy McKevitt … read more . . .
Models: Madelynn Carroll Misfit Fairy – https://www.facebook.com/TheMisfitFairy Tehray – https://www.facebook.com/TEHRAY/ Madeleine Winn-Clouse Fashion Director for part of this shoot was … read more . . .
Model: Aubrey Cox Music Credits: Heartbeat by Rey Ezain I Wonder If God Was Sleeping by Scott Altham Closing titles … read more . . .
Photos from the Devil's Backbone starting at the trail-head in Loveland. … read more . . .
Photos from the Valentine's Day photo shoot at Tuana Hair Design. None of the models brought me chocolate. It was … read more . . .
More photos. More smoke machine. More fun. More, more, more. I always want more. Model: Aubrey Cox … read more . . .
More photos using theatre lighting. This time we got gobos. Model: Stephanie Player … read more . . .
Modern Arts with Kassidy Model: Kassidy McKevitt Music Credit: What I Used To Be by Scott Altham http://ccmixter.org/files/scottaltham/25159 Happy … read more . . .
More photos from the Modern Arts photo shoot. Model: Kassidy McKevitt … read more . . .


text:
'use strict';

/**
 * Sorts an array of objects according to their 'key' property
 * Every object inside the array MUST have the 'key' property with
 * a integer value.
 *
 * Execution Time: (3 * array.length - 1)
 * Asymptotic Complexity: O(array.length + maximumKey)
 *
 * @param Array
 * @return Array
 */
var countingSort = function (array) {
  var max = maximumKey(array);
  var auxiliaryArray = [];
  var length = array.length;
  var i;

  for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    var position = array[i].key;

    if (auxiliaryArray[position] === undefined) {
      auxiliaryArray[position] = [];
    }

    auxiliaryArray[position].push(array[i]);
  }

  array = [];
  var pointer = 0;

  for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
    if (auxiliaryArray[i] !== undefined) {
      var localLength = auxiliaryArray[i].length;

      for (var j = 0; j < localLength; j++) {
        array[pointer++] = auxiliaryArray[i][j];
      }
    }
  }

  return array;
};

/**
 * Finds the maximum key from an array of objects
 *
 * Asymptotic Complexity: O(array.length)
 *
 * @param Array
 * @return Integer
 */
var maximumKey = function (array) {
  var max = array[0].key;
  var length = array.length;

  for (var i = 1; i < length; i++) {
    if (array[i].key > max) {
      max = array[i].key;
    }
  }

  return max;
};

module.exports = countingSort;


text:
Raport Kinseya – wynik badań na temat seksualności ludzi przeprowadzony przez Alfreda Kinseya, przedstawiony w dwóch książkach: Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) i Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953).

Charakterystyka raportu
Kinsey i jego współpracownicy przeprowadzili ponad 10 000 wywiadów z dorosłymi mężczyznami i kobietami, pytając o ich praktyki seksualne (5300 mężczyzn i 5940 kobiet). Zgromadzili oni dane na temat stosunków seksualnych przedmałżeńskich i w małżeństwie, homoseksualizmu, masturbacji i innych form aktywności seksualnej oraz wzorców zachowań seksualnych w zależności od płci, wykształcenia, wyznania i innych czynników socjologicznych. Raport Kinseya zawierał ponad 500 pytań, a z badań wynikało, że 86% dorosłych ludzi żyje w sprzeczności z kodeksem obyczajowym. Badania Kinseya zapoczątkowały przełom kulturowy, który w latach 60. doprowadził do rewolucji seksualnej. W roku 1951 wiedzę z badań Kinseya rozszerzyli antropolog Clellan Ford i psycholog Frank Beach, porównując zachowania seksualne ludzi ze 190 kultur.

Badania Kinseya były później krytykowane ze względu na całkowicie niereprezentatywną grupę badawczą, która była rekrutowana z ochotników (300 osób) w tym w dużej części spośród więźniów osadzonych za gwałty (25%) i męskich prostytutek (5%). Ponadto ochotnicy otrzymywali wynagrodzenie za udział w badaniu – i dlatego istniało spore ryzyko, że część z nich "ubarwiała" swoje wypowiedzi, licząc na wyższą gratyfikację. Wyniki w części dotyczącej seksualności dziecięcej pochodziły w całości z jednego źródła, jakim był pamiętnik anonimowego pedofila prowadzącego go od 1917 roku. Niereprezentatywny dobór grupy badawczej tłumaczył niektóre z szokujących wyników Kinseya i podważył ich wiarygodność.

Z raportów, które w późniejszym czasie opublikował, wynikało, że purytańskie społeczeństwo Ameryki oparte na monogamicznej, kochającej się rodzinie jest fikcją. Dane, które zebrał, dowodziły, że 90% mężczyzn i 30% kobiet popełnia zdradę małżeńską, zaś kontakty homoseksualne miał co trzeci mężczyzna. Z kolei dzieci miało cechować mocne zainteresowanie seksem, a dla większości z nich kontakt fizyczny miał nie być traumatycznym przeżyciem. Szczególnie to ostatnie było bulwersujące, bo zaczęło być wykorzystywane przez pedofilów.

W odpowiedzi na krytykę raportu, Paul Gebhard, kolejny dyrektor Kinsey Institute for Sex Research, spędził rok usuwając dane pochodzące od niepewnych źródeł, tj. więźniów, męskich prostytutek.

Podważenie naukowości badań Kinseya
Osobiste aspekty tych badań po latach przeanalizował James H. Jones, biograf Kinseya. W 1990 roku, 50 lat od opublikowania badań Judith A. Reisman, oskarżyła go o manipulacje. Jej analiza została z kolei skrytykowana przez seksologów (np. Johna Bancrofta) oraz organizacje społeczne (np. Southern Poverty Law Center) jako nieobiektywne.

Wyniki badań
 Orientacja seksualna
Największe kontrowersje wywołały doniesienia Raportów Kinseya na temat homoseksualizmu, potwierdzające teorię, że około 10% mężczyzn to geje. W rzeczywistości badacz unikał określeń homo-, bi- i heteroseksualista, wprowadzając 8 stopniową skalę i twierdząc, że tak rozumiana seksualność może się zmieniać w ciągu życia, oraz że należy ją rozumieć nie tylko na poziomie fizycznym, ale również psychicznym (popęd, fantazje seksualne itp.).

Zamiast zazwyczaj stosowanej trzystopniowej skali (homoseksualista, biseksualista lub heteroseksualista) Kinsey stosował ośmiostopniową. 0 oznaczało osobę wyłącznie heteroseksualną, 1 – niemal wyłącznie, 2 głównie heteroseksualną, ale w stopniu większym niż incydentalny homoseksualną, 3 – osobę w równym stopniu hetero- i homoseksualną; i tak dalej aż do liczby 6, oznaczającej osobę wyłącznie homoseksualną. Dodatkowa, ósma kategoria X oznaczała ludzi w ogóle nie zainteresowanych jakąkolwiek formą seksu.

Wedle badań Kinseya, 46% mężczyzn "reagowało" na osoby obu płci w swym dorosłym życiu, a 37% miało przynajmniej jedno doświadczenie homoseksualne. 11,6% białych mężczyzn w wieku 20-35 lat zostało sklasyfikowanych jako 3. 10% amerykańskich mężczyzn było "mniej lub bardziej homoseksualnymi (5 i 6 w skali Kinseya) przez przynajmniej trzy lata między 16 a 55 rokiem życia".

7% niezamężnych kobiet w wieku 20-35 lat i 4% rozwiedzionych kobiet (w tym samym wieku) zostało sklasyfikowanych jako 3. Wedle raportu, 2-6% kobiet okazało się "mniej lub bardziej homoseksualnymi", a 1-3% wyłącznie homoseksualnymi.

 Masturbacja
92% mężczyzn i 62% kobiet przyznało, że się masturbuje. Spośród masturbujących się kobiet 45% stwierdziło, że w ten sposób jest w stanie osiągnąć orgazm w czasie krótszym niż trzy minuty.

 Liczba stosunków małżeńskich
Średnia liczba stosunków małżeńskich podawana przez kobiety wynosiła: 2,8 raza w tygodniu w wieku ok. 20 lat, 2,2 raza w wieku 30 lat i 1,0 raz w wieku 50 lat.

 Stosunki pozamałżeńskie
Zdaniem Kinseya około 50% żonatych mężczyzn miewało pozamałżeńskie doświadczenia seksualne w okresie swego życia po ślubie. 26% zamężnych kobiet odbyło stosunek pozamałżeński przed ukończeniem czterdziestego roku życia.

 Sadomasochizm
12% kobiet i 22% mężczyzn reagowało podnieceniem na sadomasochistyczne opowieści, a 55% kobiet i 50% mężczyzn przyznało się do reakcji erotycznej na gryzienie.

Zobacz też
 badania seksualności
 skala Kinseya
 Kinsey (film)

Przypisy

Raporty
Seksuologia
Badania społeczne


Sometimes things happen that don't make any sense. What do you do with the pain and anxiety in your heart? How do you pray when your child is seriously ill?
He was sick . . . again.
There had been many doctor visits throughout his first year-and-a-half of life . . . visits to the ear, nose, and throat doctor for ear tubes; a gastroenterologist for reflux; his pediatrician; and admittance to the hospital for observation.
On Monday my hands had picked up the phone, dialed the number to schedule an appointment, then hung up. Something inside made me wait.
At this point in our lives, we'd been struggling through some really brutal crises. My attitude stunk. I bristled under the weight of the suffering . . . didn't like how God was handling things.
On Wednesday there was another phone call, the appointment with the "fill-in" doctor because our pediatrician was at a conference, and the shocking news.
My son had a pronounced heart murmur.
And the urging . . . three times . . . to get him to a cardiologist within ten days.
At the cardiologist, there were blood pressure checks (150/85), EKG's, checking pulses in his arms/legs, and watching shadows of his heart pump blood on a screen.
The diagnosis: Our son's precious little heart hadn't developed properly. He had been born with an imperfect heart.
The defect had caused a collateral problem.
Many times this particular condition lays hidden, then teens playing sports drop dead on basketball courts and football fields.
Without detection by the "fill-in" doctor who had done her residency in the cardiac unit at Children's Mercy Hospital, our son probably would have died as a teen.
The bristling stopped. All the other challenges in our lives looked miniscule. I needed God desperately. So did my son.
Rubbing my fingers over my son's soft, unblemished skin, I ached over his destiny with the impending surgical tools.
The circumstance unchangeable and unavoidable.
So little within our power – but I could pray.
Yet, how should I pray? Would my son's life depend on me praying the right way?
How Do I Pray For My Sick Child?
I had read scriptures about faith the size of a mustard seed moving mountains. Is that what I needed to do . . . claim the outcome we desired with determined belief in a successful end?
But the stories of a Son who adores his Father kept rising to the top.
In love, Jesus willingly bowed himself to God the Father's desires and purposes.
I ruminated on Jesus' prayer in the garden as he faced torture and death . . . sweating blood at the thought.
This Jesus loving the Father . . .
Embracing the Father's way, not his way . . .
Desiring the Father's glory, not his own . . .
Choosing good for all, not good for self . . .
Demonstrating his love through obedience.
Is this what God desired from me?
And the waiting . . .
Finally . . . the kneeling in our living room floor, rug scraping knees, a gargantuan weight buried in my chest, my whole being crying out to God begging him for an answer.
The next morning the phone rang. On the other end, the voice of a man from California I had never met – a man who owned a business my husband sold products for.
He didn't know – couldn't know – the cries of my heart in the secret places.
Apprehensively, he shared he had had an inspiration while praying in his garden the night before.
Then the words . . . the dramatic intersection of God with my life.
Prayer for my son wasn't about me bending God to my will.
From the word suppliant. A term used in the Roman empire.
People defeated in battle were under the control of their conquerors, kneeling before them pleading for mercy – knowing they had no right to ask for it . . . helpless (like I felt) with no control over their future.
Supplication . . . praying with humility and complete submission before our loving God who is in total control.
Giving God the situation, trusting his plan, accepting whatever outcome he wants to bring about, recognizing he knows what's best.
We shared the desires of our heart with God pleading for mercy. We desperately wanted our son to survive. I learned it's okay to do that. He wants us to share those desires with him and to believe he's big enough to give us what we long for.
Yet we gave our son to him 100% (entrusting the outcome of surgery to God's ultimate plan) with the commitment to love God and be faithful to him regardless of the end result.
Sharing our desires. Ultimately submitting ourselves to his sovereign – and far superior – plan.
Our son disappeared through the operating room doors clutching the stuffed doll he called "Baby." Would we see that sweet face smiling up at us ever again?
Then the amazing happened. Peace came. Peace filled. Peace carried us.
Truth is, I was born with an imperfect heart . . . a rebellious heart . . . not wanting God's way but mine. The defect caused collateral damage in my life.
This is the story of a Father reworking his daughter's heart.
As the doctors performed surgery on my son's heart, God performed surgery on mine.
Both "surgeries" brought fullness of life.
Mine brought a dramatic shift in my relationship with God that has blessed me in every way. I've abandoned every part of myself and my life to God completely, and it has made all the difference.
What part of your life have you been holding back from God? Would you consider abandoning yourself completely to God today?
Endnote: If you don't believe God is real . . . if you want proof, evidence, and hard facts, look around you. There is undeniable evidence in nature, in the Bible, in historical artifacts, and in hearts and lives changed by God's power and grace. My story provides further evidence. It is factual, and cannot be denied or explained away.
How else could this man have called from the other side of the nation to provide an answer to the prayer of a stranger?
Do you have an experience praying for a sick child? What did God teach you through it?
Thank you for sharing this beautiful testimony which gives God all the glory. I am sure it will bless many, particularly in similar situations. Surrender is such an easy word to say … but oh! how we need the Lord's touch upon our hearts and minds to bring it to pass.
Thank you Liana. Surrender leads to such a sweet place in life. I'm happy you understand this too. And I do hope this testimony will help many in similar situations.Thanks for your comment and for making time to stop here.
This page and prayer link have been so helpful. Simon, my precious 16 day old grandson, is currently on ECMO after a complete heart repair with cardiac arrest, rupture and total volume loss occurring about 6 hours later. He is a miracle. We are asking God for a complete and total recovery, but as you so wisely state, we are believing that God's will for Simon and all of us will be perfect. He will receive ALL glory regardless of what his plan reveals. Thank you for posting this, for the research you put into developing that scripture based prayer, and for sharing your faith and experience so honestly. I believe. Nothing is impossible. Our God is awesome, powerful and kind. Thank you, thank you for sharing.
Nancy, I am sitting here speechless at your story and your faith. Thank you so much for sharing. I am deeply grateful that God has used my story and this prayer for good. I will be praying for little Simon.
Like Nancy's son, my daughter Emma is currently on ECMO (alcapa repair). Well it was actually turned off this morning. Yesterday I found your prayer and read it aloud at my daughter's bed side. Shortly after the doctor told me that her heart was in pretty bad shape. I couldn't help but to cry. Yet soon afterward my newly strengthened faith challenged me not to get discouraged but to trust in God. This morning walking into her room the nurse told me that the machine is off and the doctors are excited that if all goes well.. we can move on to the next stage in her recovery. Just like that… the dynamic shifted. Thank you so much for sharing your story and creating a prayer just for us. One day at a time… one prayer at a time. God bless you and your family.
Mila – thank you for your comment and for sharing your experience! It's heart-wrenching to endure these types of struggles. I am praising God for how he has worked in you and your daughter's lives. I am celebrating your newly strengthened faith. Through the difficulties with our son, God grew our faith dramatically. My life has never been the same. There is a sweetness now to each day that would not have been possible without those challenges. I look forward to hearing more. Feel free to share updates with me at thewarminghouse@gmail.com.
Thank you Betsy! I sincerely, hope your granddaughter is doing well and has now been touched by the sun and wind.


"I'll bring together a Turkish mother and a Kurdish mother who lost their sons during clashes [between Turkish security forces and Kurdish militants] and will ask their support for peace as my first action," said Selahattin Demirtas, a candidate of pro-Kurdish People's Democracy Party (HDP) running in presidential elections.
Demirtas who is currently in jail pending trial over a number of charges fights against a myriad of odds from his prison cell. The politician is still upbeat despite unfavorable conditions that beset his campaign.
Turkey's presidential race takes place in an atmosphere, distinctively and vividly different from the previous elections. There are five major candidates running for the top post in the executive system — the presidency which has become ever important especially after a switch to the executive presidential system with a constitutional amendment last year.
The media is virtually under the government's control, with mainstream and pro-government media outlets accruing an unrivaled amount of time to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan while his rivals get little space from media.
There is more plurality in terms of candidates, and there is hope in the air for all flaws and unpromising prospects of the current emergency rule.
But among all candidates, Demirtas provides a different tale. While other candidates, be it nationalist Good Party (IYI) leader Meral Aksener, or main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Muharrem Ince or Islamist Felicity Party leader Temel Karamollaoglu, are able to hold rallies without restriction, an election rally is off-limits to Demirtas.
His wife Basak Demirtas said after visiting his husband that Demirtas will hold a one-man rally in his prison cell.
Outside, his party is doing Demirtas' campaign bid on his behalf. Last week, he laid out an ambitious program in an interview with a journalist. Peace, among other things, is the central pillar of his election promises and he vows to end the decades-old conflict in southeastern Turkey, a region that has been buffeted by a war between the Turkish state and outlawed Kurdish militants.
In a gesture of comity, CHP candidate Ince visited him in Edirne prison while Good Party candidate Aksener called for his release to run his campaign freely, uninterrupted. It was an unusual step from Aksener who has a hawkish stance regarding resolving Turkey's Kurdish conflict.
Demirtas lamented about the limitations imposed upon him. He said he can only send messages to his constituency and supporters through his lawyers and via mail.
"I'm sorry for this absolutely unfair and unequal situation on behalf of my constituency. But personally, I'm very high spirited and strong," he said, rejecting resignation over his situation.
He vowed to end the state of emergency and restart frozen EU membership negotiations.
"We will take a more peaceful stance in foreign policy and resolve the Kurdish conflict through peaceful means. All of these will also inject breath to the economy," he told German WDR.
Turkey witnessed the rise of the Kurdish politician, a human rights lawyer, in 2014 when he first became a presidential candidate against Erdogan and Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu in the presidential election. His wide sense of humor and witty swipes against Erdogan who was then ensnared in a sprawling corruption scandal endeared him to larger segments of society.
The next year, he cruised HDP to Parliament, the first time in the history of Kurdish political parties. To circumvent Turkey's notoriously high electoral threshold, the Kurdish parties normally proposed independent candidates to be represented in Parliament. Embracing the risk of total exclusion, the HDP entered June 2015 elections as a party and garnered more than 80 seats.
Its rare feat of success sealed ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) first electoral debacle by losing its parliamentary majority for the first time since its ascension to power in 2002.
But things for Demirtas as well as his party quickly fell apart with the resumption of the fighting between the Turkish security forces and outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants across the southeast after a two-year lull in the conflict due to peace process and truce.
The return to war dented Demirtas' abilities as he found himself torn between Erdogan's relentless assaults and PKK's urban warfare. In the next election held due to lack of formation of a government, HDP lost nearly half of its seats as the ruling AKP won back nationalist votes due to the intensification of the fighting in the southeast.
The July 2016 coup became a turning point for the HDP and Demirtas. A full-scale crackdown followed the failed coup and Demirtas, along with other co-chair Figen Yuksekdag, have been remanded. At least 12 Kurdish lawmakers and thousands of its members are currently in jail pending trial.
It is against this backdrop, Demirtas tries to ensure his voice hear in the society. He appeared at several hearings after 400 days of pretrial imprisonment. Prosecutors accuse him of abetting a terrorist organization. Charges countless. He faces up to 140 years in prison if convicted.
His lawyers appealed to the Ankara 19th High Criminal Court, seeking his release on the ground that his ongoing imprisonment is a blatant violation of "free and fair campaigning." But the court on Monday rejected that request, the Turkish media reported.
"We condemn this lawless decision which prevents an equal and fair election. Every day that Demirtas, the candidate of millions, is not with his voters will cast a shadow on the June 24 elections and put into question its legitimacy," the HDP said, according to Reuters.