I am putting up a list of handy references about James Fowler's Stages of Faith. I thought this would be handy for new people that visit our site. We often reference these in posts here at StayLDS. You might see someone talk about "Stage 3" or "Stage 4" thinking. We are talking about this researcher's theory of psychological development.
Please note: This theory is just a way to give us some new language to talk about faith. It is more about describing a viewpoint than a person. One stage isn't necessarily better than another. They are just different. They all have their pros and cons. As a very broad generalization though, people transition their views in sequence from one stage to the next over time.
Well worth reviewing more than once, for those who have been here a while too!
I also like this essay as in it pertains to the LDS church, specifically.
Thanks for the references. Its pretty fascinating research.
I started as Stage 3 Catholic, had a crisis of faith at age 20, and ended up... a Stage 3 Mormon . I'm now (at age 30) in transition between 3 and 4. I feel like I am getting closer to Stage 4, as much of my anger is gone and I am starting to view religion less and less about the organization and more and more about my personal relationship with and progress towards Deity.
I think it is important and useful for Fowler's stages to be highlighted and it really helps me to work through conceptual issues.
1. This questioning, this placing your own personal, individual understanding of your faith as more important than the institution you belong to IS NOT a "falling into sin" but the essential step in being able to reach a mature faith in stage 5 (Fowler calls that "conjunctive faith").
Our weaknesses are not in our core doctrines, but in our institutionalized and communal fear of Stage 4. Unfortunately, we show little sign of alleviating this and instead seem intent on entrenching ourselves further within Stage 3.
Reading this has helped me enormously with my issues around the "organization" that "manages" the church. As Jeff points our doctrine, including that each person should seek their own personal revelations and progression, actually help to lead a person to the Stage 5, conjunctive phase where their is a greater acceptance of the fairth. However, on an institutional level the Church does seem to want to keep the people at a loyal, predictable stage 3 and you can understand that from their point of view.
I want to bring in Kohlberg's theory of Moral Devleopment but that would hopelessly complicate this post. Maybe it is already here at the site and I need to go do some more looking.
No, actually, we haven't discussed Kohlberg, who as you are implying is an important predecessor for Fowler. I would love to see you start a thread on Kohlberg's work.
We will conclude Fowler's comments with part of his solution to the modal developmental level problem, "My vision for such a community as this begins with taking ongoing faith development in adulthood seriously. I believe that when a community expects and provides models for significant continuing faith development in adulthood its patterns of nurturing the faith of children and youth will change and become more open-ended." [pg. 295] I believe that Fowler has the right idea here. We need to begin to take faith development in adulthood seriously. We need to examine what it means and where it leads. We need to stop trying to address it with platitudes and "feel good" statements. We need to stop persecuting those who move on and develop tolerance for other people and for alternate ideas. We need to develop proper understandings of faith and truth.
Faith development in adulthood could be as simple as moves like restricting High Priest ordination to some advanced age (35 or 40 approx. post mid-life crisis), adding a "senior" Relief Society restricted likewise, extending the youth Sunday School groups in two or three year steps to age 30, restricting Gospel Doctrine attendance to the age of 30 or older, or splitting Gospel Doctrine into "adult" and "senior" (35 or 40+) sections. In general, small moves that could provide and tacitly, structurally, and institutionally in some way acknowledge the reality of "advancement" after true adulthood (post-college, post honeymoon, post-mission, age 25 or 30) and mid-life (age 40) would help a lot, I think. Creativity is of course needed, but something in the church is needed to point to the faith difference between a 45-year-old and a 20-year-old that are now in all the same classes. There is a time (sacrament meeting) for mixing, and a time for matching.
Last edited by Tom Haws on 12 Feb 2010, 08:28, edited 1 time in total.
Tom Haws wrote: Creativity is of course needed, but something in the church is needed to point to the faith difference between a 45-year-old and a 20-year-old that are now in all the same classes. There is a time (sacrament meeting) for mixing, and a time for matching.
Interesting, Tom. I agree that different stages people go through have different needs...I'm not sure it would help meet those needs by prescribing age limits to groupings...as I don't think everyone fits the same mold. I see this problem with the youth age splits, as I think my daughter is not benefitting by rules based on age...yet see there is some wisdom to youth being split up (it is not perfect for eveyone, but better for most).
I like the idea of a "senior" relief society similar to the split of Elders and HP classes, have a different curriculum and focus, however, I wonder if it should be voluntary, allowing anyone of any age to choose where to go to in order to meet their needs. While Fowler suggests the norms are that people go through stages at certain ages in general, certainly those trends are not hard fast rules at ages.
I like your thoughts. Maybe giving the "senior" sections uninviting names would eliminate the "honors section" ambition and elitism problem that always lurks. Tradition is strong enough; there's no need to have explicit rules. So you have a Gospel Doctrine for seniors (Gospel Doctrine Senior Class) and a relief society for seniors (Relief Society Senior Class). Actually, if you had a Gospel Doctrine Senior Class, you might not need the Relief Society senior class . What other ideas are there?
How 'bout the "milk class" and the "meat class."


Government's new grant funding facility for local entrepreneurs has been welcomed by president of the Manufacturers Association (TTMA) Christopher Alcazar.
Launched by Trade and Industry Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon on Friday last, the facility provides a maximum of $250,000 to each recipient to cover up to 50 per cent of the cost of machinery and equipment. Applicants must have been in business for a minimum of two years.
The minister also launched an export and research development facility at the same event. This will be managed by exporTT and will see successful applicants receiving a maximum of $1 million to expand their business.
Alcazar said the TTMA too is committed to SME development so that more businesses can become exporters and thus earners of much-needed foreign exchange. ProNet is one of the TTMA's resources aimed at facilitating this.
Its goal is to "make regional SMEs export-ready and positioned to take advantage of the opportunities available under the economic partnership agreement as well as other market opportunities," the TTMA said.
Reply to "TTMA welcomes Gov't SME funding facility"


Across the world, women continue their struggle to be heard. The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)'s Annual Report on Women in Politics 2012 states that the world average percentage for women in national parliaments is 19.7%, with the Nordic countries having the highest average at 42% and the lowest being in the Arab States.
As the largest and oldest organization of members of parliament, one of the IPU's objectives is to support the increase of women in politics. Towards this end, the conference on Gender and Politics was organized by the British Group Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association UK. I was invited to be a speaker at the said conference which was held in the Houses of Parliament in London.
Our panel included three other women parliamentarians. We were all asked to speak of our experiences as a legislator- how we got elected; what were the obstacles; the challenges we face in parliament; the milestones we have achieved; and the advice we would give other women.
I started with the catalytic event in my life that carved out my path in politics – the death of my father. I pointed out that around the world, many women enter politics because of affinity or consanguinity. And even though the Philippines has seen two female Presidents and is very accepting of women in politics, women remain a minority in politics.
I shared my view that it is still difficult for women to enter politics because of our existing social structures. Women are the primary home makers and politics is seen as a man's world. For a woman to cross-over, she needs the support of her family and partner. That's why you will see that many women who do enter politics are wives, daughters, or sisters of politicians.
Also important is the support of cause-oriented groups, NGOs and business groups. These are usually groups who share your vision and views and can support you by giving you a venue to speak or even actively support your campaign. Later on, once a woman is elected, this same group will be valuable allies in legislation advocating your common interest.
I ended my speech with advice for women in politics. I highlighted the fact that women must educate themselves on women's issues. It is true that as women, we are innately aware of certain issues that affect us. But we need to understand these issues in depth. We still come from different backgrounds. Some women may have a strong awareness on the issue of violence, others on women's health or poverty. Many come from a privileged background and although educated, may lack awareness on the problems faced by women living in poverty. Thus, the need to be grounded and to understand the needs of women with different economic and social backgrounds.
The other panelists gave very moving speeches. I have heard testimonials of women parliamentarians. They always touch my heart. The parliamentarian from Afghanistan spoke of how her brother and husband disowned her, how she had to fight on her own to run for parliament and how she was doing this to give women a voice.
Many women delegates interjected to make a comment or ask a question. They also shared their struggles on the road to parliament and as a parliamentarian– how they were ridiculed for running; how they were considered crazy for taking on a "man's job"; how they were expected to fail; and how they overcame.
I was approached by a number of delegates after the session telling me that my story inspired them. But the truth is, it's their stories that inspire me.


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Q: Two-way operator norm? Suppose I have a matrix $A$ and a symmetric positive definite matrix $W$ and a vector $f$. I am interested in the magnitude $||AWf||$. I understand that this is bounded above by $||A||||W||||f||$ where for the matrices the norm is the operator norm. What I am wondering is whether there is some norm $|.|$ so that $||AWf||\leq |W|||Af||$, that is whether there is some kind of two-way operator norm and if so what this is called and/or its properties? Any help greatly appreciated.

A: You can easily construct examples where $AWf\ne0$ but $Af=0$. That would contradict your inequality for any norm.
For instance,
$$
A=\begin{bmatrix} 1&-1\\-1&1\end{bmatrix},\ \ W=\begin{bmatrix} 2&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix},\ \ f=\begin{bmatrix} 1\\1\end{bmatrix} .
$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Scientists are finding more and more evidence that human behaviour is not rational, not conscious, and maybe completely programmed without our rational thinking. How does the unconscious mind and biological predispositions effect political outcomes and prejudice biases? Maria Armoudian speaks with Guillermo Jiménez and Shankar Vedantam.


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Instagram rolls out direct messages service to the web - about 1 hour ago
YouTube Subscription Service to Rival Netflix, Amazon & Spotify
The race between the tech giants has taken a new twist with the announcement yesterday that Google-owned YouTube is set to launch an ad-free premium service. YouTube, acquired by Google in 2006, is the web domain with the second most traffic in the world, according to website traffic data service Alexa.com. In first place is Google itself.
The new service, which will initially launch in the USA and cost $12 a month, or $9 for a music-only version, signals a new twist in the arms race taking place between the world's tech giants. They are increasingly moving into each other's traditional territory.
Until now, YouTube's content generation has been user generated. It is incentivised through a share of advertising revenues generated by the Google AdSense platform and based on a combination of views and clicks. Google acquired the website set up by three early PayPal employees for $1.65 billion in 2006, just a year and 9 months after its launch. The price paid at the time now looks like a snip.
In 2015, Google, in turn part of holding company Alphabet, launched YouTube Red as a subscription service. This can now be considered as a pilot project testing the water for the new YouTube Premium service replacing it. The music-only version of the premium service is to be branded YouTube Music. Its pricing will initially be identical to that of Spotify, whose share price dropped 2% today, presumably influenced by the announcement.
Until now, YouTube has only dabbled in producing its own content. The highest profile example of YouTube proprietary content to date is Cobra Kai, a 'when they grew up' reboot of the Karate Kid movies in series format.
Netflix and Amazon have both recently been investing huge sums in creating their own proprietary content as they battle for supremacy of the content and media streaming space. It remains to be seen if Alphabet has genuine ambitions to challenge its two tech rivals on that front by pouring comparable levels of cash into YouTube Premium content but it would seem to be the likely end game of the new service.
The big tech companies are increasingly encroaching into the original territory each started from. Google is making smartphones, Apple has its music and media streaming service, Facebook is developing both search and e-commerce functionalities and Amazon seemingly doing everything from supermarkets to making movies having started life as an online bookstore. They are also all heavily invested in R&D into the latest technology in the world of AI, driverless cars and pretty much every other major tech market.
The battle for supremacy, or rather to not be overtaken and gobbled up by more aggressive rivals, has never been more intense.
A new AI-powered technology system that can see around corners has been dev
Scientists Make Major Breakthrough In Quest For Matrix-Style Knowledge 'Uploads'
One of the most iconic sci-fi technologies from one of the iconic sci-fi fi
Hyundai and Kia invest €100 million into UK electric van start-up
Arrival, a UK-based electric van manufacturer wins €100 million from Hyun
2019 saw UK-based technology start-ups attract record breaking levels of in
The British Entrepreneur Who Became A Founding Father Of 'DeathTech'
If there was one market that might be presumed immune to 'digital disrupt
Biotech Breakthrough Gives Renewed Hope for Stroke Victims Making a Full Recovery
Blockchain-Based Dating App Thinks Big Data the Key to Finding True Love

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Cummulative array summation using OpenCL I'm calculating the Euclidean distance between n-dimensional points using OpenCL. I get two lists of n-dimensional points and I should return an array that contains just the distances from every point in the first table to every point in the second table.
My approach is to do the regular doble loop (for every point in Table1{ for every point in Table2{...} } and then do the calculation for every pair of points in paralell.
The euclidean distance is then split in 3 parts:
1. take the difference between each dimension in the points
2. square that difference (still for every dimension)
3. sum all the values obtained in 2.
4. Take the square root of the value obtained in 3. (this step has been omitted in this example.)
Everything works like a charm until I try to accumulate the sum of all differences (namely, executing step 3. of the procedure described above, line 49 of the code below).
As test data I'm using DescriptorLists with 2 points each:
DescriptorList1: 001,002,003,...,127,128; (p1)
                 129,130,131,...,255,256; (p2)
DescriptorList2: 000,001,002,...,126,127; (p1)
                 128,129,130,...,254,255; (p2)
So the resulting vector should have the values: 128, 2064512, 2130048, 128
Right now I'm getting random numbers that vary with every run.
I appreciate any help or leads on what I'm doing wrong. Hopefully everything is clear about the scenario I'm working in.
#define BLOCK_SIZE 128

typedef struct
{
    //How large each point is
    int length;
    //How many points in every list
    int num_elements;
    //Pointer to the elements of the descriptor (stored as a raw array)
    __global float *elements;
} DescriptorList;

__kernel void CompareDescriptors_deb(__global float *C, DescriptorList A, DescriptorList B, int elements, __local float As[BLOCK_SIZE])
{

    int gpidA = get_global_id(0);

    int featA = get_local_id(0);

    //temporary array  to store the difference between each dimension of 2 points
    float dif_acum[BLOCK_SIZE];

    //counter to track the iterations of the inner loop
    int loop = 0;

    //loop over all descriptors in A
    for (int i = 0; i < A.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; i++){

        //take the i-th descriptor. Returns a DescriptorList with just the i-th
        //descriptor in DescriptorList A
        DescriptorList tmpA = GetDescriptor(A, i);

        //copy the current descriptor to local memory.
        //returns one element of the only descriptor in DescriptorList tmpA
        //and index featA
        As[featA] = GetElement(tmpA, 0, featA);
        //wait for all the threads to finish copying before continuing
        barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

        //loop over all the descriptors in B
        for (int k = 0; k < B.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; k++){
            //take the difference of both current points
            dif_acum[featA] = As[featA]-B.elements[k*BLOCK_SIZE + featA];
            //wait again
            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
            //square value of the difference in dif_acum and store in C
            //which is where the results should be stored at the end.
            C[loop] = 0;
            C[loop] += dif_acum[featA]*dif_acum[featA];
            loop += 1;
            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
        }
    }
}

A: Your problem lies in these lines of code:
C[loop] = 0;
C[loop] += dif_acum[featA]*dif_acum[featA];

All threads in your workgroup (well, actually all your threads, but lets come to to that later) are trying to modify this array position concurrently without any synchronization whatsoever. Several factors make this really problematic:

*

*The workgroup is not guaranteed to work completely in parallel, meaning that for some threads C[loop] = 0 can be called after other threads have already executed the next line

*Those that execute in parallel all read the same value from C[loop], modify it with their increment and try to write back to the same address. I'm not completely sure what the result of that writeback is (I think one of the threads succeeds in writing back, while the others fail, but I'm not completely sure), but its wrong either way.

Now lets fix this:
While we might be able to get this to work on global memory using atomics, it won't be fast, so lets accumulate in local memory:
local float* accum;
...
accum[featA] = dif_acum[featA]*dif_acum[featA];
barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
for(unsigned int i = 1; i < BLOCKSIZE; i *= 2)
{
    if ((featA % (2*i)) == 0)
        accum[featA] += accum[featA + i];
    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
}
if(featA == 0)
    C[loop] = accum[0];

Of course you can reuse other local buffers for this, but I think the point is clear (btw: Are you sure that dif_acum will be created in local memory, because I think I read somewhere that this wouldn't be put in local memory, which would make preloading A into local memory kind of pointless).
Some other points about this code:

*

*Your code is seems to be geared to using only on workgroup (you aren't using either groupid nor global id to see which items to work on), for optimal performance you might want to use more then that.

*Might be personal preferance, but I to me it seems better to use get_local_size(0) for the workgroupsize than to use a Define (since you might change it in the host code without realizing you should have changed your opencl code to)

*The barriers in your code are all unnecessary, since no thread accesses an element in local memory which is written by another thread. Therefore you don't need to use local memory for this.

Considering the last bullet you could simply do:
float As = GetElement(tmpA, 0, featA);
...
float dif_acum = As-B.elements[k*BLOCK_SIZE + featA];

This would make the code (not considering the first two bullets):
__kernel void CompareDescriptors_deb(__global float *C, DescriptorList A, DescriptorList B, int elements, __local float accum[BLOCK_SIZE])
{
   int gpidA = get_global_id(0);
   int featA = get_local_id(0);
   int loop = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < A.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; i++){
       DescriptorList tmpA = GetDescriptor(A, i);
       float As = GetElement(tmpA, 0, featA);
       for (int k = 0; k < B.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; k++){
           float dif_acum = As-B.elements[k*BLOCK_SIZE + featA];

           accum[featA] = dif_acum[featA]*dif_acum[featA];
           barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
           for(unsigned int i = 1; i < BLOCKSIZE; i *= 2)
           {
              if ((featA % (2*i)) == 0)
                 accum[featA] += accum[featA + i];
              barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
           }
           if(featA == 0)
              C[loop] = accum[0];
           barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

           loop += 1;
        }
    }
}

A: Thanks to Grizzly, I have now a working kernel. Some things I needed to modify based in the answer of Grizzly:
I added an IF statement at the beginning of the routine to discard all threads that won't reference any valid position in the arrays I'm using.
if(featA > BLOCK_SIZE){return;}

When copying the first descriptor to local (shared) memory (i.g. to Bs), the index has to be specified since the function GetElement returns just one element per call (I skipped that on my question).
Bs[featA] = GetElement(tmpA, 0, featA);

Then, the SCAN loop needed a little tweaking because the buffer is being overwritten after each iteration and one cannot control which thread access the data first. That is why I'm 'recycling' the dif_acum buffer to store partial results and that way, prevent inconsistencies throughout that loop.
dif_acum[featA] = accum[featA];

There are also some boundary control in the SCAN loop to reliably determine the terms to be added together.
if (featA >= j && next_addend >= 0 && next_addend < BLOCK_SIZE){

Last, I thought it made sense to include the loop variable increment within the last IF statement so that only one thread modifies it.
if(featA == 0){
    C[loop] = accum[BLOCK_SIZE-1];
    loop += 1;
}

That's it. I still wonder how can I make use of group_size to eliminate that BLOCK_SIZE definition and if there are better policies I can adopt regarding thread usage.
So the code looks finally like this:
__kernel void CompareDescriptors(__global float *C, DescriptorList A, DescriptorList B, int elements, __local float accum[BLOCK_SIZE], __local float Bs[BLOCK_SIZE])
{

    int gpidA = get_global_id(0);
    int featA = get_local_id(0);

    //global counter to store final differences
    int loop = 0;

    //auxiliary buffer to store temporary data
    local float dif_acum[BLOCK_SIZE];

    //discard the threads that are not going to be used.
    if(featA > BLOCK_SIZE){
        return;
    }

    //loop over all descriptors in A
    for (int i = 0; i < A.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; i++){

        //take the gpidA-th descriptor
        DescriptorList tmpA = GetDescriptor(A, i);

        //copy the current descriptor to local memory
        Bs[featA] = GetElement(tmpA, 0, featA);

        //loop over all the descriptors in B
        for (int k = 0; k < B.num_elements/BLOCK_SIZE; k++){
            //take the difference of both current descriptors
            dif_acum[featA] = Bs[featA]-B.elements[k*BLOCK_SIZE + featA];

            //square the values in dif_acum
            accum[featA] = dif_acum[featA]*dif_acum[featA];
            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

            //copy the values of accum to keep consistency once the scan procedure starts. Mostly important for the first element. Two buffers are necesarry because the scan procedure would override values that are then further read if one buffer is being used instead.
            dif_acum[featA] = accum[featA];

            //Compute the accumulated sum (a.k.a. scan)
            for(int j = 1; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j *= 2){
                int next_addend = featA-(j/2);
                if (featA >= j && next_addend >= 0 && next_addend < BLOCK_SIZE){
                    dif_acum[featA] = accum[featA] + accum[next_addend];
                }
                barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

                //copy As to accum
                accum[featA] = GetElementArray(dif_acum, BLOCK_SIZE, featA);
                barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
            }

            //tell one of the threads to write the result of the scan in the array containing the results.
            if(featA == 0){
                C[loop] = accum[BLOCK_SIZE-1];
                loop += 1;
            }
            barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);

        }
    }
}


While it is less busy than some other nearby beaches, Jimbaran has its fair share of clubs and bars and a good number of fun beach parties. Bukit Peninsula can get pretty busy, especially when the surfers come to enjoy the dry season.
Located at Rimba Jimbaran Bali, this rooftop bar is one of the most stylish nightlife spots in Jimbaran Beach. There is a great infinity pool (also open during the day) and even better views of the water, cliffs, and Bukit Peninsula. It is one of the best views in the area, but you will also appreciate the large center bar. Unique Rooftop Bar has many drinks available but specializes in martinis and even alcoholic milkshakes. Special deals are available for women on Monday and Thursday. The bar is open from 11 a.m. to 1 a.m.
This is one of the best beach clubs in the area. Nammos Beach Club is expertly designed and has a great atmosphere. It is well-known but exclusive. Public guests (those not staying at the Karma Kandara Resort, which runs this venue) can come, but it definitely has a private feel. During the day, you can enjoy a picnic on the beach itself. The club is open daily from 9 a.m. to 1 a.m. Note that it is one of the most expensive clubs around.
Head to the Ayana Resort and Spa to enjoy delicious seafood at the Kisik Bar and Grill. You can even choose the fish or shellfish yourself and the chefs will cook it just as you please. You will dine on the beach, so try to get a spot around sunset to get the full effect. Kisik is open from 5:30 p.m. to 11 p.m.
Enjoy a pint and get to know your fellow travelers at Scruffy Murphy's Irish pub. It's a fun time in a traditional pub atmosphere, featuring cheery groups of friends, live music, and plenty of sports matches on the TVs. There is a good mix of bands who play here and sometimes the patrons get a chance to play, too. The pub is open daily from 5 p.m. to 1 a.m. and is located on Jalan Raya Uluwatu.
Klapa at Pecatu Indah Resort is one of the best entertainment complexes in the area, music, pools, and wonderful dining options. Klapa New Kuta Beach covers a large area on Bukit Peninsula and has a variety of different entertainment areas, although taking in the beautiful sunset while lying on the beach is always popular. The Lounge has great views and attracts a fashionable crowd.
While it is slightly more expensive than some of the other bars on this list, The Rock Bar earns its place through great location and great atmosphere. It has an amazing DJ booth set in the rock and is located above a group of interesting formations. Stylish and fun, the Rock Bar is located at the Ayana Resort and Spa and is open from 4 p.m. to 1 a.m.
For a more cultural evening, check out the amazing kecak and fire dance show at the Uluwatu Temple. The performance will take place in a lovely open amphitheater surrounded by torch light. The dancers, who number of one hundred, wear beautiful costumes and their performance tells stories from the great Ramayana epic. It is both dramatic and comedic, suitable for all ages. The shows take place from 6:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.


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text:
Historical Publications
In Burning Man's pre-Internet years, the community relied on printed communications to stay connected. These early publications contain some of the first essays on the emerging culture and philosophy, and provide some intriguing insights into Burning Man's evolution.
Building Burning Man
Published from 1991-1999, this newsletter was a primary means of connecting the community between Burns. Its pages feature some seminal writing on the event and the culture from Larry Harvey, Stuart Mangrum, Louis Brill, Erik Davis, and other early observers, including the mysterious Darryl VanRhey (hint: it's an anagram).
Black Rock Gazette
Founded by Danger Ranger in 1992, Black Rock City's first daily newspaper was published onsite during the event until 2005. Occasionally informative, frequently absurd, its wry humor was rooted in the prankster culture of the Cacophony Society and the outsider spirit of 'zine culture.
Burning Man Journal
In 2000 the Building Burning Man newsletter morphed into a glossy four-color magazine with an emphasis on art and culture. Its wider coverage also facilitated discussions of post-event issues like playa restoration and helped launch the Regional Network.
Starting in 2007, when the population of Black Rock City started to outstrip its ability to communicate culture across the broad expanse of its citizenry, Burning Man began creating "Tip Sheets" to provide key information to participants, whether they be newbies or multi-year veterans. They are handed out at the Greeters Station, to educate people about the ins and outs of being a citizen of Black Rock City.
Building Burning Man Newsletters