Join the leagues of SCAD visual effects alumni, who have shared Academy Awards for their work on such phenomenal films as "Gravity," "Life of Pi," "Guardians of the Galaxy" and "The Great Gatsby." At SCAD, we set you up for success with access to high-end, professional digital tools and top-of-the-line studios and equipment. Our faculty include an impressive roster of professionals who have worked for the giants of the industry, and who are the visual effects masterminds behind the most iconic animated films of our era. Now it's your turn to follow suit.
SCAD's visual effects degrees are offered in Atlanta, Hong Kong and Savannah.
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Bryan Godwin (B.F.A., computer art, 1998), owner of Shade VFX in Los Angeles, shares his joy for communicating with audiences through visual effects while working on big budget studio films "Cowboys and Aliens" and "I Am Number 4".
Visual effects is an ever-evolving field. In order to thrive in such an industry, many students choose to pursue a double major or related minor while they are here. You can explore new perspectives, harness diverse creative approaches, and develop a unique, well-rounded style — all while earning multiple degrees.


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Q: Android ROOM- How can I display data from 3 related entities in a RecyclerView? Basically, I have 3 related entities which I need to get data from: exercises, exercise_workout_junction and exercise_workout_goals.

I need to display the following in a RecyclerView:
1. exercise_Name (from exercises entity)
2. number_Of_Sets (from workout_goals entity)
3. min_Reps (from workout_goals entity)
4. max_reps (from workout_goals entity)

(WHERE workout_id is either 1,2,3 or 4 depending on the workout selected and the exercises displayed is determined by the workout_id.)
What is the best way to implement this?
Exercises entity

@Entity(tableName = "exercises_table")
public class Exercises {

    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    int exercises_id;

    private String exercise_name;

    @ForeignKey(entity = ExerciseType.class, parentColumns = "exercise_type_id", childColumns = "exercise_type_id")
    private int exercise_type_id;

    @ForeignKey(entity = ExerciseEquipment.class, parentColumns = "exercise_equipment_id", childColumns = "exercise_equipment_id")
    private int exercise_equipment_id;

    public Exercises(String exercise_name, int exercise_type_id, int exercise_equipment_id ) {
        this.exercise_name = exercise_name;
        this.exercise_type_id = exercise_type_id;
        this.exercise_equipment_id = exercise_equipment_id;
    }

    public int getExercise_equipment_id() {
        return exercise_equipment_id;
    }

    public void setExercises_id(int exercise_equipment_id) {
        this.exercises_id = exercises_id;
    }

    public int getExercises_id() {
        return exercises_id;
    }

    public String getExercise_name() {
        return exercise_name;
    }

    public int getExercise_type_id() {
        return exercise_type_id;
    }
}

Exercise Goals Entity

@Entity(tableName = "exercise_workout_goals_table")
public class Exercise_Workout_Goals {

    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int exercise_workout_goal_id;

    @ForeignKey(entity = Junction.class, parentColumns = "exercise_workout_id", childColumns = "junction_id")
    private int junction_id;

    private int set_number;
    private int min_reps;
    private int max_reps;

    public Exercise_Workout_Goals(int junction_id, int set_number, int min_reps, int max_reps ) {
        this.junction_id = junction_id;
        this.set_number = set_number;
        this.min_reps = min_reps;
        this.max_reps = max_reps;
    }

    public int getExercise_workout_goal_id() {
        return exercise_workout_goal_id;
    }

    public void setExercise_workout_goal_id(int exercise_workout_goal_id) {
        this.exercise_workout_goal_id = exercise_workout_goal_id;
    }

    public int getJunction_id() {
        return junction_id;
    }

    public int getSet_number() {
        return set_number;
    }

    public int getMin_reps() {
        return min_reps;
    }

    public int getMax_reps() {
        return max_reps;
    }
}

Junction Entity

@Entity(tableName = "exercise_workout_junction_table")
public class Junction {

    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int exercise_workout_id;

    @ForeignKey(entity = Exercises.class, parentColumns = "exercises_id", childColumns = "exercise_id")
    int exercise_id;

    @ForeignKey(entity = Workouts.class, parentColumns = "workout_id", childColumns = "workout_id")
    private int workout_id;

    public Junction(int exercise_id, int workout_id) {
        this.exercise_id = exercise_id;
        this.workout_id = workout_id;
    }

    public void setExercise_workout_id(int exercise_workout_id) {
        this.exercise_workout_id = exercise_workout_id;
    }

    public int getExercise_workout_id() {
        return exercise_workout_id;
    }

    public int getExercise_id() {
        return exercise_id;
    }

    public int getWorkout_id() {
        return workout_id;
    }

}

Database

@Database(entities = {Junction.class, Exercise_Workout_Goals.class, ExerciseEquipment.class,
        Exercises.class, ExerciseType.class, Workouts.class, WorkoutType.class}, version = 4, exportSchema = false)

public abstract class ExerciseDatabase extends RoomDatabase {

    private static ExerciseDatabase instance;

    public abstract JunctionDao junctionDao();
    public abstract ExerciseEquipmentDao exerciseEquipmentDao();
    public abstract WorkoutTypeDao workoutTypeDao();
    public abstract ExercisesDao exercisesDao();
    public abstract WorkoutsDao workoutsDao();
    public abstract ExerciseWorkoutGoalsDao exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao();
    public abstract ExerciseTypeDao exerciseTypeDao();

    //create instance of database
    //synchronised means only one thread at a time can access this method so  you don't accidentally create 2 instances of this database
    public static synchronized ExerciseDatabase getInstance(Context context){
        //we only want to instantiate this database if we don't already have an instance
        if(instance == null){
            //if there is no existing database we want to create one
            instance = Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),
                    ExerciseDatabase.class, "exercise_database")
                    //this tells room how to migrate to new schema when database version updated to avoid app crashing
                    .fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
                    //this adds the pre-populated database values
                    .addCallback(roomCallback)
                    .build();

        }
        return instance;
    }

    private static RoomDatabase.Callback roomCallback = new RoomDatabase.Callback(){
        @Override
        public void onCreate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase db) {
            super.onCreate(db);
            new PopulateDbAsyncTask(instance).execute();
        }
    };

    private static class PopulateDbAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Void> {
        private JunctionDao junctionDao;
        private ExerciseEquipmentDao exerciseEquipmentDao;
        private ExerciseTypeDao exerciseTypeDao;
        private WorkoutTypeDao workoutTypeDao;
        private ExercisesDao exercisesDao;
        private WorkoutsDao workoutsDao;
        private ExerciseWorkoutGoalsDao exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao;

        private PopulateDbAsyncTask(ExerciseDatabase db){
            junctionDao = db.junctionDao();
            exerciseEquipmentDao = db.exerciseEquipmentDao();
            exerciseTypeDao = db.exerciseTypeDao();
            workoutTypeDao = db.workoutTypeDao();
            exercisesDao = db.exercisesDao();
            workoutsDao = db.workoutsDao();
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao = db.exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao();
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {

            //  auto inc id
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(1,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(2,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(3,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(4,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(5,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(6,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(7,1));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(8,1));

            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(11,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(9,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(1,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(2,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(12,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(13,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(15,2));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(16,2));

            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(9,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(2,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(1,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(5,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(10,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(6,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(7,3));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(8,3));

            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(2,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(1,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(11,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(3,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(12,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(13,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(14,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(15,4));
            junctionDao.insert(new Junction(16,4));

            // Auto inc id
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("A Person / Something Heavy"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Pull Up Bar"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Chair"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Bands"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Body-Weight"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Something heavy you can wedge your legs under/ A training partner\n"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("A form of weight\n"));
            exerciseEquipmentDao.insert(new ExerciseEquipment("Backpack / Other form of weight\n"));

            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Shoulders"));  // auto inc ID
            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Triceps"));
            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Biceps"));
            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Chest"));
            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Back"));
            exerciseTypeDao.insert(new ExerciseType("Legs"));

            //auto inc id (pk)
            workoutTypeDao.insert(new WorkoutType(" Full-Body"));

            //auto inc primary key
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Squat",6,1));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Pike Push-up",1,6));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Weighted Chin-up",5,5));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Nordic Hamstring Curls",6,7));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Dips",2,8));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Lateral Banded Side Raises",1,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Face Pulls with bands",1,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Band Bicep Curls",3,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Weighted Pull-ups",5,5));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Bulgarian Split Squats",6,9));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Push-ups",4,6));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Diamond Push-ups",2,6));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Seated Rows with Bands",5,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Resistance Band Chest Flyes",4,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Band Tricep Extensions",2,4));
            exercisesDao.insert(new Exercises("Band Shrugs",5,4));

            workoutsDao.insert(new Workouts("A",1));
            workoutsDao.insert(new Workouts("B",1));
            workoutsDao.insert(new Workouts("C",1));
            workoutsDao.insert(new Workouts("D",1));

            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(1,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(2,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(3,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(4,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(5,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(6,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(7,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(8,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(9,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(10,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(11,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(12,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(13,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(14,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(15,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(16,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(17,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(18,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(19,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(20,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(21,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(22,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(23,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(24,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(25,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(26,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(27,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(28,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(29,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(30,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(31,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(32,3,4,50));
            exerciseWorkoutGoalsDao.insert(new Exercise_Workout_Goals(33,3,4,50));

            return null;
        }
    }
}

A: So you want to perform a join operation then populate the data to a recyclerview. The SQL query is
SELECT exercises_table.exercise_Name, exercise_workout_goals_table.set_number, exercise_workout_goals_table.min_reps, exercise_workout_goals_table.max_reps FROM exercises_table LEFT JOIN exercise_workout_junction_table ON exercises_table.exercises_id = exercise_workout_junction_table.exercise_workout_id LEFT JOIN exercise_workout_goals_table ON exercise_workout_junction_table.workout_id = exercise_workout_goals_table.exercise_workout_goal_id;

First, you create a new class (say ExerciseAndGoal) containing the resulting fields of the join operation. Then in any DAO you make a new function of return type list of ExerciseAndGoal. Use annotation @Query("") with that SQL query.
See tutorial
https://medium.com/@gokulbalakrishnan/join-queries-room-persistence-library-f0527e7b0da1
Now you can access the DAO within a background thread. Suppose you use AsyncTask, you write this in doInBackground().
See
Android Room - simple select query - Cannot access database on the main thread
In onPostExecute(), you will populate the list to the recycerview. Suppose you follow the tutorial and implement the adapter class. Now you have a list inside the adapter class. Update the list and call notifyDataSetChanged().
See
https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/layout/recyclerview

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I looked on tons of sites but I couldn't find anyone that had this song. I tabbed out the verse and the chorus, I'll tab out the rest of the song soon.
I don't have the times that u hit each note, but it's not hard to figure out.


text:
How to Seduce Difficult Women Woefully Incompetent | Village Voice
How to Seduce Difficult Women Woefully Incompetent
by Vadim Rizov
It is, perhaps, best not to expect too much from the directorial debut of Grace Kelly's ex-hairdresser; still, How to Seduce Difficult Women is woefully incompetent and ugly, throwing out multiple threads without resolution, randomly interspersed with man-in-Union-Square documentary commentary of the Mars/Venus kind. Writing, producing, and directing, Richard Temtchine makes his debut with more or less the He's Just Not That Into You B-side: men discovering that, despite their stereotypical inadequacies, the ladies really are into them. Self-help author/Frenchman Philippe (Louis-Do de Lencquessaing) teaches a how-to class for 10 lady-challenged New York men, ranging from classroom instruction to real-time, got-your-back guidance on the streets and in the bars. Temtchine deserves props for bypassing the usual rom-com assumption that ludicrously expensive dates and rewarding relationships go hand in hand. And the 10 guys represent a fine cross-section of NYC economic life, from lowly doorman to high-powered exec, but they're all stereotypes, the most egregious being Mo (Jonathan Hova), the indeterminately Middle Eastern guy who speaks the tongue of Borat ("Make sexy for women"). As for those women, they tend to be the same way: The Peruvian girl yells, "Ay, dios mio" during sex, and the Jewish mother tsks, "Didn't I varn you not to marry a shiksa?" That half of these characters are simply dropped with no conclusion is inexplicable: Doesn't everyone deserve a clichéd happy ending?
More:Film and TVGrace KellyJonathan HovaNew York CityReviewsRichard Temtchine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You need to be able to make a decision throughout the test, which inquiries you need to attempt initial and which inquiries are tough so you can attempt them later on.
You need to remember that answering as several questions right as you could is the key right here. The method examinations as well as buffoons tests will certainly aid you define your technique and also most notably, you will certainly find out time management.
Because racking up well in GRE test is an issue of significant problem. We recommend you to do your research study concerning institutes and also their called for GRE scores well prior to time.
To get greatest magoosh GRE scores, you don't just require to have the ability to end up each inquiry precisely; you must have the ability to do it in the time assigned on the test. This indicates you need to recognize just how much time you might spend on each question without checking the clock. Preferably, you will certainly furthermore have a few mins toward the end of the section to look into the responses as well as make certain that you really did not devote any type of noticeable errors.
With best magoosh GRE prep, the correct focus, and also, the right foundation, highest magoosh GRE scores are absolutely practical. Be prepared, although, to examine for a pair of months. In various situations, you will not get the opportunity to obtain the greatest magoosh GRE scores by examining for simply approximately 14 days.


text:
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The Secret History of Texas Music
This state has been shaped by its songs. And as these 25 tales show, the stories behind them—like how a Fort Worth street vendor helped launch Willie's career, or how Selena's biggest hit was almost called "Itty Bitty Bubbles"—are often as great as the songs themselves.
June 11, 2015 By Michael Hall
"Tighten Up" (1968)
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It's not that hard to write a song, really. Children do it all the time, humming tunes and making up words. So do countless songwriters in Nashville: melody, verse, chorus. Maybe a bridge. The world is absolutely cluttered with tales told in song, most under four minutes long.
But what about a great song, one you can't get out of your head, with verses that seem to be written about your own life and a melody that makes your heart feel as though it's literally aching? A song you wake up mumbling, sing out loud when it comes on the car radio, mouth the words to when you hear it at the grocery store—then laugh when you see the person in line next to you doing the same thing? Great songs haunt us and arouse us; they make us think and feel in a way that no other art can, taking us to places we long to go every time we hear them. These are not the songs being churned out by staff songwriters. They're something else entirely.
So where do these great songs come from? The short answer—acquired after interviews with the writers of some of the state's best-loved songs, the ones being sung at this very moment in cars and grocery stores all over creation—is that many of them began as happy accidents, spurred by a curious headline, a chance comment, a strange encounter. This happenstance led to a riff or a melody, maybe from an old blues ballad or a nursery rhyme twisted by memory. Then came a narrative, something about the girlfriend of a guy on the touch-football team or the fry cook who's about to go fight in Iraq. Some of the songs, as the writers like to say, practically wrote themselves. Others were slaved over until the words and music were just right, the heart working with the head and the tune working with the lyrics to create a classic, a song that will live forever.
From nothingness to immortality, these are the secret histories behind 25 great Texas songs. The stories, whether told by Willie Nelson or Augie Meyers, Kacey Musgraves or the Butthole Surfers, are as funny and weird, as heartfelt and tragic, as the songs themselves and may even change how you hear them. You might find yourself, for example, giving a shout-out to the TSU Tornadoes or Scarface's grandmother. And you'll definitely never listen to Gladys Knight again without thinking of Farrah Fawcett.
"Tighten Up" (1968)Written by: Archie Bell, Billy Butler Recorded by: Archie Bell and the Drells
"Merry Go 'Round" (2012)Written by: Kacey Musgraves, Shane McAnally, Josh Osborne Recorded by: Kasey Musgraves
"Midnight Plane to Houston" (1972)Written by: Jim Weatherly Recorded by: Gladys Knight & the Pips
"La Grange" (1973)Written by: Billy Gibbons, Dusty Hill, Frank Beard Recorded by: ZZ Top
"Up to the Mountain (MLK Song)" (2006)Written by: Patty Griffin Recorded by: Kelly Clarkson with Jeff Beck
"The Front Porch Song"/ "This Old Porch" (1984)Written by: Robert Earl Keen, Lyle Lovett Recorded by: Robert Earl Keen, Lyle Lovett
"Mind Playing Tricks on Me" (1991)Written by: Scarface, Willie D, Bushwick Bill Recorded by: the Geto Boys
"Pretty Paper" (1963)Written by: Willie Nelson Recorded by: Roy Orbison
"Bubbles in My Beer" (1947)Written by: Tommy Duncan, Cindy Walker, Bob Wills Recorded by: George Jones
"You'll Lose a Good Thing" (1962)Written by: Barbara Lynn Ozen, Huey P. Meaux Recorded by: Barbara Lynn
"Wasted Days and Wasted Nights" (1960)Written by: Freddy Fender Recorded by: Freddy Fender
"Redneck Mother" (1973)Written by: Ray Wylie Hubbard Recorded by: Jerry Jeff Walker
"I Summon You" (2005)Written by: Britt Daniel Recorded by: Spoon
"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" (1994)Written by: Selena Quintanilla Perez, Pete Astudillo Recorded by: Selena
"New San Antonio Rose" (1940)Written by: Bob Wills Recorded by: Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys
"Travelin' Soldier" (1996)Written by: Bruce Robison Recorded by: the Dixie Chicks
"Pepper" (1996)Written by: Butthole surfers Recorded by: Butthole Surfers
"Hey Baby, Que Paso?" (1990)Written by: Augie meyers Recorded by: the Texas Tornados
"Life by the Drop" (1991)Written by: Doyle Bramhall, Barbara Logan Recorded by: Stevie Ray Vaughan
"Lonely Woman" (1959)Written by: Ornette Coleman Recorded by: Ornette Coleman
"The Way" (1998)Written by: Tony Scalzo Recorded by: Fastball
"Tom Moore's Farm" (1930's)Written by: Yank Thornton, Mance Lipscomb Recorded by: Mance Lipscomb
"L.A. Freeway" (1972)Written by: Guy Clark Recorded by: Jerry Jeff Walker
"Last Kiss" (1961)Written by: Wayne Cochran Recorded by: J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers
"London Homesick Blues" (1973)Written by: Gary P. Nunn Recorded by: Gary P. Nunn with Jerry Jeff Walker
Tags: Story of a Song
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A Food Tour of Southeastern Oklahoma
"Enchilada Queen" Sylvia Casares Shares Her Secrets In A New Cookbook
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In its first live-broadcast oral arguments, Supreme Court discusses several First Amendment issues
First Five by the Freedom Forum Institute
By Lata Nott
Download Word doc here
The biggest decision the Supreme Court makes this year may turn out to be its pivot to allow real-time audio broadcasts of its arguments for the first time in its history. Typically, the audio recordings of the court's oral arguments are only released on a delayed basis, so the arguments are only "live" for the limited number of people who can attend in person.
But since the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the court to shift to a remote teleconferencing format, the live broadcast opens up the court's inner workings to a considerably larger audience. While it might seem like a small change, it's a huge step towards greater transparency and openness, values enshrined by the First Amendment.
It's fitting that several of these recent oral arguments have revolved around First Amendment issues. The First Amendment cases this term have attracted somewhat less attention than those in previous years, perhaps because they involve things like robocalls and the electoral college, but they may still have far-reaching implications.
On May 6, the court heard oral arguments in Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants, Inc., a case that challenges a federal law that bans automated "robocalls" to cell phones. The law in question is the 1991 Telephone Consumer Protection Act, which was amended in 2015 to include an exception for robocalls "made solely to collect a debt owed to or guaranteed by the United States."
The political consultants who brought the case argue that the law violates the First Amendment by discriminating against speech based on its content, since it permits calls about government-backed student loans and mortgages but not political fundraising calls.
During the oral arguments, most of the justices seemed convinced that the law was content-based and therefore unconstitutional. Their real focus was on whether the remedy here is to strike down the 2015 exception for debt collection calls and leave the rest of the robocall ban intact or get rid of the ban altogether and declare open season on our cell phones. As Garrett Epps wrote in The Atlantic, if the justices decide on the latter, it'll be "a good way for the court to become the least popular institution in America."
On May 11, the court heard arguments on two cases involving religious freedom: Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru and St. James School v. Biel. Both cases involve fifth-grade teachers who lost their jobs at the Catholic schools where they worked and subsequently sued for wrongful termination — Morrisey-Berru alleged that she was fired because of her age, Biel because she contracted breast cancer.
While employment laws usually prohibit these kinds of discrimination, there's an exception rooted in the First Amendment's freedom of religion that bars the government from "interfering with the decision of a religious group to fire one of its ministers." The rationale behind this is that while most employers shouldn't be able to require their employees to adhere to a certain faith, a synagogue ought to be able to opt for a Jewish rabbi.
But as my Freedom Forum Fellow colleague Asma Uddin wrote in Newsweek, "This constitutional right — known as the 'ministerial exception' — is reserved for roles that qualify as 'ministers.' And that raises the question: Who qualifies as a minister?" At argument, the lawyer for the Catholic schools argued that the teachers counted because they were "primary agents" for teaching the Catholic faith to students "for hours on end over the course of a week."
While some justices expressed concern that accepting a religious organization's broad definition of a minister could create a much larger loophole in employment law than the ministerial exception intended, others worried that having the court to determine which employees serve a significant religious function would excessively entangle them in the affairs of religious institutions.
The very next day, the court heard arguments on another pair of First Amendment cases, these involving "faithless electors." In case you've blocked out memories of high school civics (or never had the chance to take that class at all), U.S. presidents are not actually elected by the American people. Instead, they're elected by 538 electors who are selected by political parties in each state.
The electors are expected to cast their ballots for the candidate who won their state; almost all states have laws that require this. What made the electors in Chiafalo v. Washington and Colorado Department of State v. Baca faithless is that they voted in accordance with their own consciences — they argued that the state laws that penalize them for this action violate their First Amendment rights. Meanwhile, the states countered that ruling in favor of the electors would lead to "bizarre and dangerous consequences," pointing out that if all electors simply voted according to their personal preferences, it would be the end of representative democracy.
The court's decision will be out some time this summer — it took the case in part to resolve this issue before this fall's presidential election — and will answer whether or not electors can be controlled by their states. It will not answer why anyone thought the electoral college was a good idea.
While none of these cases may be at the top of the headlines, each has the potential to create significant changes. A decision to allow electors to vote for any candidate they like could fundamentally transform how our democracy works. Depending on how the court decides Guadalupe, religious organizations might be exempted from all discrimination laws, or government officials might be empowered to define who holds a significant religious role and who doesn't in a wide variety of faiths. And if the court strikes down the prohibition on robocalls, it could call into question the constitutionality of other laws that regulate commercial advertising (not to mention render your cell phone completely useless). How the justices decide these issues is just as important as figuring out which justice flushed a toilet during oral arguments.
Can religious freedom survive COVID-19?
As a child, I attended weekend classes at our local synagogue to learn about Judaism. I remember one lesson above all from those years: past Jewish experience of pogroms and the Holocaust demands that Jews speak out against authoritarianism in the present and future.
The First Amendment, Black liberation and you
Everyone should acknowledge one important fact: we are all protected by the First Amendment because of the struggle for Black liberation.
Targeting of journalists by police must end
There are now dozens of examples clearly showing police in cities throughout the U.S. aiming at, shooting, tear-gassing, pushing, hitting, shoving and arresting reporters who have clearly identified themselves as working journalists.


SAN BRUNO, CA, October 11, 2018 — GREEN CREATIVE, the commercial grade LED lighting manufacturer proudly announces the selection of 5 products by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) for the 2018 Progress Report. These high-performance LED lamps and innovative luminaries provide quality solutions for a variety of new construction, remodel and retrofit applications.
The PAR30 HO and PAR38 HO lamps as well as the SPECFIT and THINFIT EXT 277V fixtures are available through GREEN CREATIVE distributors and are shipping from the company's west coast, central and east coast distribution centers. The CLICK with sensor will also be available by the end of the year. For more information on where to purchase these products near you or how to become a distributor, please contact GREEN CREATIVE at: sales@greencreative.com or (866) 774-5433.


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package botLot.dataSource;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import botLot.BotLot;
import botLot.BotLotException;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotEdge;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotGraph;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotGraphException;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotNode;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotPath;
import botLot.lotGraph.LotPathException;

/**
 * Class to save BotLot/LotGraph data to XML.
 * <p>
 * Started: 5/4/16
 *
 * @author Greg
 * @version	1.0 5/4/16
 */

public class BotLotXMLDS extends BotLotDataSource implements BotLotDataSourceInterface {

	/** Where the XML file to store/retrieve data from is. */
	private String dataFileLoc = "";

	/**
	 * Constructor to take in a XML file location.
	 * @param fileLocationIn	The file location to set.
	 */
	public BotLotXMLDS(String fileLocationIn){
		this();
		this.setFileLocation(fileLocationIn);
	}

	/**
	 * Empty constructor.
	 */
	public BotLotXMLDS() {
		super();
	}

	@Override
	public boolean ready() {
		return checkFileLocation(this.getFileLocation(), true);
	}

	/**
	 * Determines if the object is ready to save or not.
	 * @return	If the object is ready to save or not.
	 */
	public boolean readyToSave(){
		return checkFileLocation(this.getFileLocation(), false);
	}

	@Override
	public LotGraph getGraph() throws BotLotDSException {
		if(!this.ready()){
			throw new BotLotDSException("XML Data source not ready to get data.");
		}
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		factory.setValidating(true);
		factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
		//System.out.println("Done");
		try {
			DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
			File file = new File(this.getFileLocation());
			//builder.setErrorHandler();
			Document doc = builder.parse(file);
			// Do something with the document here.

			LotGraph graphOut = new LotGraph();
			Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement();

			Element graphElement = (Element)rootElement.getFirstChild();
			while(graphElement.getNodeName() != "graph"){
				graphElement = (Element)graphElement.getNextSibling();
			}

			//get in all nodes
			//System.out.println("Getting Nodes...");
			Element curNode = (Element)graphElement.getFirstChild();
			while(curNode != null){
				if(curNode.getNodeName() != "node"){
					curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
					continue;
				}

				LotNode newNode = new LotNode();
				//get ID
				newNode.setId(curNode.getAttribute("id"));
				//get numEdges
				newNode.setActNumEdges(Integer.parseInt(curNode.getAttribute("numEdges")));
				//get rest of attributes
				NamedNodeMap attList = curNode.getAttributes();
				for(int i = 0; i < attList.getLength(); i++){
					Attr attr = (Attr) attList.item(i);
					String attrName = attr.getNodeName();
					if(!attrName.equals("id") && !attrName.equals("numEdges")){
						newNode.setAtt(attrName, attr.getNodeValue());
					}
				}
				graphOut.addNode(newNode);
				//System.out.println("\tGot Node: " + newNode.toString());
				curNode = (Element) curNode.getNextSibling();
			}
			//get in all edges
			//System.out.println("Getting Edges...");
			curNode = (Element)graphElement.getFirstChild();
			while(curNode != null){
				if(curNode.getNodeName() != "node"){
					curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
					continue;
				}
				NodeList edges = curNode.getChildNodes();
				for(int i = 0; i < edges.getLength(); i++){
					Element curEdge = (Element)edges.item(i);
					LotEdge newEdge = new LotEdge();
					//get ID
					newEdge.setId(curEdge.getAttribute("id"));
					//get numEdges
					newEdge.setMetric(Double.parseDouble(curEdge.getAttribute("metric")));
					//get end node
					newEdge.setEndNode(graphOut.getNode(curEdge.getAttribute("endNode")));
					//get rest of attributes
					NamedNodeMap attList = curEdge.getAttributes();
					for(int j = 0; j < attList.getLength(); j++){
						Attr attr = (Attr) attList.item(j);
						String attrName = attr.getNodeName();
						if(!attrName.equals("id") && !attrName.equals("metric") && !attrName.equals("endNode")){
							newEdge.setAtt(attrName, attr.getNodeValue());
						}
					}
					//System.out.println("\tGot Edge: " + newEdge.toString());
					graphOut.setEdge(newEdge, curNode.getAttribute("id"));
				}
				//System.out.println("Got all edges for " + curNode.getAttribute("id"));
				curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
			}

			//get the random seed
			//System.out.println("Getting random seed...");
			curNode = (Element)rootElement.getFirstChild();
			while(curNode != null){
				if(curNode.getNodeName() != "randSeed"){
					curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
					continue;
				}
				graphOut.setRandSeed(Long.parseLong(curNode.getAttribute("val")));
				//System.out.println("Found Seed: " + graphOut.getRandSeed());
				break;
			}

			return graphOut;
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("" + e.getMessage());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to open XML file (presumably). Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}catch(LotGraphException e){
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to process graph data retrieved from XML data. Inner error: " + e.getMessage());
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to parse XML. Error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}//getGraph()

	@Override
	public BotLot getBotLot() throws BotLotDSException {
		BotLot lotOut = new BotLot(this.getGraph());

		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		factory.setValidating(true);
		factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
		try{
			DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
			builder.setErrorHandler(null);
			File file = new File(this.getFileLocation());
			//builder.setErrorHandler();
			Document doc = builder.parse(file);
			Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement();

			Element curNode = (Element)rootElement.getFirstChild();
			while(curNode != null){
				if(curNode.getNodeName() != "curNode"){
					curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
					continue;
				}
				lotOut.setCurNode(curNode.getAttribute("id"));
				break;
			}//get curNode

			curNode = (Element)rootElement.getFirstChild();
			while(curNode != null){
				if(curNode.getNodeName() != "destNode"){
					curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
					continue;
				}
				lotOut.setDestNode(curNode.getAttribute("id"));
				break;
			}//get destNode

			if(lotOut.ready(false)){
				curNode = (Element)rootElement.getFirstChild();
				while(curNode != null){
					if(curNode.getNodeName() != "path"){
						curNode = (Element)curNode.getNextSibling();
						continue;
					}
					LotPath pathIn = new LotPath();

					NodeList edges = curNode.getChildNodes();
					for(int i = 0; i < edges.getLength(); i++){
						Element curEdge = (Element)edges.item(i);
						pathIn.append(lotOut.mainGraph.getEdge(curEdge.getAttribute("id")));
					}
					lotOut.setCurPath(pathIn);
					break;
				}//get path

			}//if got enought for a path to exist

		} catch (SAXException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("" + e.getMessage());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to open XML file (presumably). Error: " + e.getMessage());
			//}catch(LotGraphException e){
			//throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to process graph data retrieved from XML data. Inner error: " + e.getMessage());
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to parse XML. Error: " + e.getMessage());
		} catch (BotLotException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to process BotLot data retrieved from XML data. Inner error: " + e.getMessage());
		} catch (LotPathException e) {
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to process BotLot data retrieved from XML data. Could not build path from data. Inner error: " + e.getMessage());
		}
		return lotOut;
	}//getBotLot()

	@Override
	public void saveGraph(LotGraph graphIn) throws BotLotDSException {
		this.saveBotLot(new BotLot(graphIn));
	}//saveGraph(LotGraph)

	@Override
	public void saveBotLot(BotLot lotIn) throws BotLotDSException {
		if(!this.readyToSave()){
			throw new BotLotDSException("XML data source not ready to save.");
		}
		LotGraph graphToSave = lotIn.mainGraph;
		try{
			DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
			DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
			Document doc = builder.newDocument();
			//set comment detailing purpose of data
			doc.appendChild(doc.createComment("This data builds a LotGraph or BotLot object, and is to be used with the BotLotXMLDS object. https://github.com/GregJohnStewart/BotLot "));
			// create the root element node
			Element rootElement = doc.createElement("root");
			doc.appendChild(rootElement);

			Element graphElement = doc.createElement("graph");
			rootElement.appendChild(graphElement);

			for(int i = 0; i < graphToSave.getNumNodes(); i++){
				Element newNode = doc.createElement("node");
				LotNode curNode = graphToSave.getNode(i);
				//add id, numEdges
				newNode.setAttribute("id", curNode.getId());
				newNode.setAttribute("numEdges", "" + curNode.getActNumEdges());
				//add other attributes
				Iterator<Entry<String, String>> nodeAttIterator = curNode.getAtts().entrySet().iterator();
				while (nodeAttIterator.hasNext()) {
					Map.Entry<String, String> pair = (Map.Entry<String, String>)nodeAttIterator.next();
					newNode.setAttribute((String)pair.getKey(), (String)pair.getValue());
					//it.remove(); // avoids a ConcurrentModificationException
				}
				graphElement.appendChild(newNode);
				//add edges
				ArrayList<LotEdge> curEdgeList = graphToSave.getNode(curNode).getEdges();
				for(int j = 0; j < curEdgeList.size(); j++){
					Element newEdge = doc.createElement("edge");
					LotEdge curEdge = curEdgeList.get(j);
					//add id, metric, end node id
					newEdge.setAttribute("id", curEdge.getId());
					newEdge.setAttribute("metric", "" + curEdge.getMetric());
					newEdge.setAttribute("endNode", curEdge.getEndNode().getId());

					//add other attributes
					Iterator<Entry<String, String>> edgeAttIterator = curEdge.getAtts().entrySet().iterator();
					while (edgeAttIterator.hasNext()) {
						Map.Entry<String, String> pair = (Map.Entry<String, String>)edgeAttIterator.next();
						newNode.setAttribute((String)pair.getKey(), (String)pair.getValue());
						//it.remove(); // avoids a ConcurrentModificationException
					}
					newNode.appendChild(newEdge);
				}//for each edge on that node
			}//for each node in graph

			Element randSeed = doc.createElement("randSeed");
			randSeed.setAttribute("val", Objects.toString(lotIn.mainGraph.getRandSeed(), null));
			graphElement.appendChild(randSeed);

			if(lotIn.hasCurNode()){
				Element newNode = doc.createElement("curNode");
				newNode.setAttribute("id", lotIn.getCurNode().getId());
				rootElement.appendChild(newNode);
			}

			if(lotIn.hasDestNode()){
				Element newNode = doc.createElement("destNode");
				newNode.setAttribute("id", lotIn.getDestNode().getId());
				rootElement.appendChild(newNode);
			}

			if(lotIn.hasPath()){
				Element path = doc.createElement("path");
				if(lotIn.getCurPath().infSizeFlag){
					path.setAttribute("infSizeFlag", "true");
				}else{
					path.setAttribute("infSizeFlag", "false");
				}
				rootElement.appendChild(path);

				for(LotEdge curEdge : lotIn.getCurPath().path){
					Element newEdge = doc.createElement("pathStep");
					newEdge.setAttribute("id", curEdge.getId());
					path.appendChild(newEdge);
				}
			}

			//output to file
			Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
			Result output = new StreamResult(new File(this.getFileLocation()));
			Source input = new DOMSource(doc);
			//TODO:: figure out why this breaks reading in XML:
			//transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
			//transformer.setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "2");
			transformer.transform(input, output);
		}catch(Exception e){
			throw new BotLotDSException("Unable to create XML file- " + e.getClass() + " - " + e.getMessage());
		}
	}//saveBotLot(BotLot)

	@Override
	public boolean sourceHasData() {
		try {
			if(this.getGraph() != new LotGraph()){
				return true;
			}
		} catch (BotLotDSException e) {

		}
		return false;
	}//sourceHasData

	/**
	 * Sets the location of the XML file to set.
	 * @param fileLocationIn	The new file location.
	 */
	public void setFileLocation(String fileLocationIn){
		this.dataFileLoc = fileLocationIn;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the XML file location set.
	 * @return	The XML file location set.
	 */
	public String getFileLocation(){
		return this.dataFileLoc;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if the given file location is valid.
	 * @param fileLocationIn	The file location to check.
	 * @param exists	Flag to check if the file exists or not. Use 'False' when intending to write out to new file.
	 * @return	If the given file location is valid.
	 */
	public static boolean checkFileLocation(String fileLocationIn, boolean exists){
		File f = new File(fileLocationIn);
		if(exists){
			if(f.exists() && !f.isDirectory()) {
				return true;
			}
		}else{
			String dirToUse = f.getParent();
			if(dirToUse == null){
				dirToUse = System.getProperty("user.dir");
			}
			//System.out.println(dirToUse);
			f = new File(dirToUse);
			if(f.exists() && f.isDirectory()) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}//checkFileLocation(String, boolean)

}//class BotLotXMLDS extends BotLotDataSource implements BotLotDataSourceInterface

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Not long ago, in 2013, 1,512 tin sheds belonging to slum-dwellers living on EWS (economically weaker section) land in Ejipura, Bangalore, were bulldozed, leaving over 5,000 people homeless. While the state moved with alacrity against the poor, no such speed was displayed in following up on more affluent looters of lakhs of acres of public lands in Karnataka identified by a legislative committee and taskforce. Here there have been no bulldozers, no lathi charges, no evictions, arrests, or seizure of lands by the zealous, law-enforcing state.
Forced evictions without 'prior informed consent', adequate alternatives and compensation are considered illegal, unjust anda gross violation of human rights, according to international law. The Bangalore evictions happened despite the rolling out of the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY), a new central government scheme aimed at providing housing for all, in 2011.
Nearly 96% of the housing shortage in the city is among economically weaker sections and lower income groups even as thousands of luxurious skyscrapers lie vacant, waiting for speculators to invest in them as second or third homes.
The Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) was introduced as an improved version of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) which preceded it. The Centre took note of a number of gaps in implementation of the JNNURM, as highlighted by civil society, and incorporated certain corrective measures in the new scheme.
RAY took important recognition of the right to land and security of tenure of the urban poor. Earlier, slum-dwellers in Bangalore would refuse to vacate their dwellings to enable redevelopment of their land as they were not given written assurance of a house at the redeveloped site by the state. RAY required that a 'letter of intent' guaranteeing a house to each identified beneficiary be given before people were asked to leave the land. Countering perpetual complaints by the states about shortages of land for the poor, the new scheme called on states to mandatorily set up land banks for economically weaker sections.
JNNURM required states to pass laws reserving 15% of land or 25% of dwellings in every new public/private housing project for lower income groups and the economically weak. Many states failed to do so. RAY called on states to make this reservation during the preparatory stage itself, between 2011 and 2013. Noting the states' reluctance to offer ownership rights to slum-dwellers, RAY asked states to legislate mortgageable property rights to slum-dwellers. Unlike JNNURM, where often a 'one-size-fits-all' model of multi-storeyed housing was imposed on slum-dwellers, RAY mandated that communities be consulted and plans drawn up with their informed consent, through associations, housing societies or cooperatives. While under JNNURM there was no option of giving 'rights to a piece of land', which is what most slum-dwellers wanted, RAY sent a 'model law on property rights to slum-dwellers' to the states, defining a 'dwelling place' as either a dwelling unit or 'a piece of land' which would allow slum-dwellers to own land and build houses on their own if the states so legislated.
To stop states from pushing slum-dwellers off prime land in the city centre to the city's peripheries and cutting them off from their sources of livelihood, RAY required slums to be redeveloped or upgraded in-situ. Relocation was to be the last resort only for slums on 'untenable' land -- those on lake beds, along stormwater drains, etc. Taking note of the state authorities' callousness in evicting slum-dwellers without providing them transit housing during the period of redevelopment, RAY recognised the right to transit housing.
Under JNNURM, slum-dwellers could not be given soft loans to raise their contribution amount of 10-20%. This forced many to seek out moneylenders with their high rates of interest. RAY came up with various measures linking slum-dwellers to low-interest loan schemes.
The much-maligned Slum Redevelopment Authority (SRA) model adopted in recent years to supplement provision of housing to economically weaker sections and lower income groups through public private partnerships (PPP) involved giving away about 50% of the land occupied by slum-dwellers to a builder for commercial development. In Ejipura, for instance, 50% of the land was handed over to a private builder for construction of a mall. The builder, in return, would build free high-rises with over 10 floors for the slum-dwellers. This reduced the already meagre 1-2% of urban land occupied by slum-dwellers to just 0.5-1%, and brought about a greater densification of their areas. There is no mention of this PPP model under RAY. Instead, an Affordable Housing Policy was announced which spelt out how the private sector would be incentivised with tax exemptions, easy credit and subsidies to invest in housing for the economically weak and low income groups. Nothing is mentioned about a portion of land to be given for commercial development.
However, the initial guidelines for RAY did not offer financial assistance to the states to acquire or purchase land to house the poor. And so, states could simply throw up their hands and say they could not afford to pay for land, limiting the number of slums that could be rehabilitated. Another weak point was, and remains, the absence of a decisive policy to provide social rental housing for short-term migrants to cities who do not wish to own a house but still cannot afford the market rate for rents. The Centre should have studied social rental housing schemes in other countries where the state provides subsidies on rent to poor/needy tenants, or alternatively, subsidises landlords who rent their houses at less-than-the-market rate to state-identified poor/needy households.
Despite the many favourable provisions in RAY, government officials in Karnataka still push multi-storeyed housing, PPP models and the right to tenure for dwelling units only, not pieces of land, on slum-dwellers. They failed to pass laws on land reservation for the economically weak in all housing projects and also the Property Rights to Slum-Dwellers Act. Instead, they busied themselves preparing detailed project reports for individual projects. No slum-level committees were formed involving slum-dwellers in the planning of projects despite elaborate guidelines prepared by the Centre for community participation and preparation of Slum-Free City Action Plans. Token 'capacity-building programmes' were conducted in Bangalore for municipal commissioners and officials who subsequently returned to their cities to carry on 'business as usual'. No NGOs or slum-dwellers associations were invited to the so-called capacity-building exercises.
Similar violations of RAY guidelines have been recorded from other states in a multi-state study of pilot projects under RAY done by Simpreet Singh and Raju Bhise of Ghar Bachao Ghar Banao Andolan. According to the study, consultants prepared detailed project reports (DPRs) in Madhya Pradesh and no new survey was done for RAY. Meanwhile, money was taken from the central government and shown to be utilised for the survey. For most cities in Madhya Pradesh, RAY projects propose multi-storeyed dwelling units, something that is rejected by the slum-dwellers as their demand has always been: 'Hamari Chhat, Hamara Makan' (our house, our roof).
In the recent past, thousands of slum-dwellers have been evicted in Ahmedabad under the Sabarmati River Front Development Scheme, in Surat for development of the Tapi river, and to make way for BRTS. Removal of slums for Aji river development in Rajkot was also being considered.
The understanding of 'tenable' and 'non-tenable' in Ranchi is such that old villages are considered 'tenable', and households living on rent and communities situated on government or private land considered 'non-tenable'. As a result of this classification, many households have been rendered ineligible in spite of being eligible, depriving them of the benefits of in-situ development.
Although slum-dwellers in 25 Mumbai slums did demand implementation of RAY, the state government or urban local body had not agreed to their demand at the time of writing this report. A major area of contention has been the issue of a cut-off date (1995); the state government had not agreed to extend it to 2009 at the time of the study.
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation surveyed a total of 377 slums in the city, of which 56 were recognised by the BMC as tenable and the rest as non-tenable. The criterion for the 56 slums being tenable and the rest untenable was that the former were notified slums, the latter non-notified. This is against the guidelines issued for preparing the Slum-Free City Plan of Action. In Bhubaneswar, the proposed relocation site (Rangamatia) was 15 km away from the main city. The land was being used by local villagers for their yearly cultural activities, hence there was strong opposition to the move. Further, relocation of residents from non-tenable slums 15 km away from the city would have seriously jeopardised their livelihoods. In Uttar Pradesh, the Uttar Pradesh Property Rights to Slum-Dwellers Bill was not available in the public domain.
In Lucknow, under USHA, a comprehensive slum profile and household and livelihood survey that was supposed to be initiated, was not done properly. A plan of action (PoA) was being formulated without the survey being completed. Kukral Nala in Lucknow was considered untenable when the slums were present; after the slums were removed the land was deemed tenable.
Everywhere, efforts at building relationships with community members were undermined. Indeed, participation and acceptance would have been higher had there been greater awareness and education about RAY in the communities.
In October 2013, following alleged pressure by state governments on the central ministry, revised guidelines for RAY were issued that nullify the good points of the initial guidelines. Whereas earlier all projects were to be planned in consultation with slum-dwellers, now material considerations have crept in and PPPs with commercial development have been made mandatory where land values are high or of a medium level: "The slums and vacant lands will need to be further classified into sub-categories based on the land ownership information and land value (market price) to decide the redevelopment model to be followed for each slum pocket within the zone. Slums that can be developed on the PPP model will be given preference." Cooperatives of slum-dwellers to design their own houses will be allowed only where the land is of low value.
Wherever slum-dwellers and their associations have been made aware of the RAY guidelines they have successfully demanded their right to land and single-dwelling housing. Ramachandra of Hospet says their informed struggle has resulted in the municipality preparing a DPR for 630 single houses for slum-dwellers to be financed under RAY. N P Samy of the Karnataka Kolageri Nivasigala Samyukta Sanghatane (Karnataka Slum-Dwellers Federation) and member of INHAF supports this view and adds that wherever slum-dwellers have demanded the right to land and single housing, they have been able to realise it.
Will state governments demonstrate the political will to implement the good points in RAY to make our cities truly slum-free? Or will they continue their longstanding callousness towards the poor? Will the spokespersons leading the slum-dwellers movements empower them to engage with the state government and demand that the state eschew faulty PPP models and instead implement the various progressive measures laid out in RAY?


It's all the Germans fault. The debt ceiling was introduced to manage WWI expenditures.
Congress introduced the debt ceiling in 1917 in an effort to help its President, not to blackmail him.
Across-the-board tax increases will initially take away spending power from the middle class, but stabilize the country.
The U.S.'s future is at peril — not because Americans are overtaxed, but undertaxed.
The debt ceiling is neither anchored in nor supported by the Constitution.
The fiscal cliff disaster — albeit averted at five minutes past twelve — is the direct result of what at this stage can only be considered a deranged political process. Now, we are on to the debt ceiling negotiations, a re-run of this drama's 2011 edition.
While the choices were stark for the President, he did have a choice. He just picked the wrong one. In the summer of 2011, President Obama should simply have walked away from the table and taken his case directly to the American people.
Now, he gets another chance. The President should have explained the meaning and history behind the debt ceiling. It was a very cooperative — not highly obstructionist — Congress that introduced the debt ceiling in 1917 in an effort to help its President.
By 1917, the United States, as you may recall, had entered World War I. As is the case with any war, this one, too, resulted in large expenditures. These needed to be financed by borrowing.
However, back then, the President had to ask Congress for permission each time the U.S. Treasury wanted to issue a bond. Congress felt that this was too onerous and frankly impeded the Commander-in-Chief from properly executing the duties of his Office.
Hence, the Congress established a ceiling so that the Treasury could issue as many bonds as was necessary to finance its war expenditures. Only when it met that ceiling was explicit congressional re-authorization required.
The legislative rationale for establishing the debt ceiling was thus the very opposite of what it is used for today — a measure of political blackmail. It was originally intended to help the President, because Congress rightly defined that to be in the best interest of the nation.
Moreover, the debt ceiling is neither anchored in nor supported by the Constitution. Congress' power of the purse is, in fact, more than sufficiently supported by the requirement that both chambers must approve the annual budget for the federal government.
Once Congress has approved a budget, it generally has also fully comprehended whether revenues and expenditures for the next fiscal year will require additional government borrowing, which might lead to the need for raising the debt ceiling.
It is in that regard that Republican debt ceiling hawks of 2011 were nothing but deadbeat hypocrites. On the one hand, enough of them had voted for a budget to be passed, given the party composition of the House of Representatives. On the other hand, all of them then threatened to deny the government to pay its obligations under such budget.
But the fact remains that Barack Obama agreed to negotiate with the Republican extortionists. The broader lesson here is that one never negotiates with extortionists.
But how did we get into this mess of fiscal deficits and rising debt? Let us be clear: The Bush tax cuts of 2001 and 2003 were highly irresponsible in their entirety. In justifying these tax cuts, President George W. Bush promised vigorous economic growth as, naturally, lower taxes would lead to an investment boom.
At the end of eight years of President Bush's economic mismanagement, the nation stood at the cusp of an economic depression unlike anything we had seen since the 1930s. And the only net job creation that occurred during his term was in the government (!) sector.
In spite of the overwhelming evidence that the Bush tax cuts triggered deep structural fiscal deficits, led to low economic growth and huge job losses, Republicans continue to sing the same refrain that higher taxes impede growth and lower taxes are good for growth.
Let us be clear again: There is no correlation between marginal or even effective tax rates and GDP growth. Under President Eisenhower, the marginal tax rates stood at 91% and effective tax rates too were higher than what they are today.
Of course, President Eisenhower also undertook the largest infrastructure program in the history of the United States, creating millions of jobs and guaranteeing rising productivity rates for future generations.
During his eight years as President, Eisenhower pursued a balanced budget and reduced the debt/GDP from 71% to 60%, while the U.S. economy grew at an annual average of 2.4%.
Under President Lyndon B. Johnson, Medicare and Medicaid were introduced, annual average growth stood at 4.1%, and the debt-to-GDP ratio was reduced to 40%. Marginal income tax rates stood at 70% and corporate tax rates at 48%.
Totally contrary to the Republican voodoo science, greater income equality supports sustainable growth. This is an economic fact, referred to by economists as Engel's Law (and no, this is not Friedrich Engels of Marx and Engels fame, but the 19th-century German economist Ernst Engel).
His economic law proves that the percentage of disposable income used for consumption is greater for people with little or middle class income than for the rich.
The reason is simple. Even the rich can only eat so much food and drive so many Maseratis. On the other hand, there is far greater potential for the poor and middle class to consume, if we lift their incomes (directly or indirectly).
This leads to greater domestic demand, i.e., economic growth. Ultimately, this even benefits the rich as their major source of income, i.e., the return on capital also grows. It's the virtuous "rising tide" cycle.
It is also only logical that the Bush tax cuts achieved the opposite. They widened income inequality and consequently slowed down economic growth. Large deficits ensued, which in turn caused spending cuts.
In an effort to counterbalance these adverse policy effects, the Federal Reserve maintained very accommodating monetary policies for years. Yet instead of stimulating growth, these policies resulted in several asset bubbles.
When these asset bubbles burst, the balance sheets of financial institutions and private households alike were deeply impaired. But so was the balance sheet of the government.
Due to tax cuts, it had no reserves built up during what had been heralded as flush times. It effectively operated without a safety net.
The recession led to a collapse in revenues and requirements for higher expenditures to support the unemployed and the growing number of hungry Americans.
This is where we are today. To secure America's future, we need across-the-board higher taxes.
Higher taxes are required not only to keep its by no means ample social safety net in place, which ultimately increases consumption by the poor and the middle class (witness FDR and LBJ). The United States also needs to invest huge sums in its dilapidated human and physical infrastructure (witness Eisenhower).
Naturally, such across-the-board tax increases will initially take away spending power from the middle class, but the redistributive nature of supporting the social safety net and investments in infrastructure will more than offset these initial losses.
Postponing such tax increases now will depress growth and make future actions more costly. The sooner we act, the quicker we will create a large number of private sector jobs and guarantee higher productivity growth rates in the future (witness Eisenhower again).
People with jobs will earn money and hence be able to consume more (see Engel's Law). Without doubt, this will lead to materially higher growth rates (witness Bill Clinton). By the same token, higher tax rates as well as a rapidly growing economy will lead to a spike in government revenues.
This will reduce or even eliminate the deficit (witness Clinton again) and put the country on a sustainable growth path. We have wasted too much time over the last 12 years and the country's future is at peril — not because Americans are overtaxed, but because they are undertaxed.
The case is clear. But Republicans stick to their irrational anti-tax stance. For their part, the Democrats have either bought into the underlying rationale or are fearful to raise their voices, because speaking out comes with re-election risk.
And so, the United States is stuck in the rut of a war on government reverting to the mean and ugly, which prevents it from discussing the purpose and effectiveness of taxes and how they can improve all of our lives.


any Evans experts out there ?
It has all the look of late 30s, but cast lugs, headclip and typical top eyes were used into late 40's, sometimes from old stock. Not specific to Evans.
The forks look post war, I am not an Evans expert.
I tried Resilion (alloy) brakes about 1949. and found numerous problems.
Brilliant, thank you, I've now managed to somehow end up with 5 !!
Nice! Looks like a useful size too.
Do we get to see the other four?
Hello nonfixie, hope you and Mrs nonfixie are both well.
Very well, thank you! We had an nice, bicycle-eventful summer, including a visit to Eroica Britannia. It was great to see so many typically English brands and models there. Except for the ubiquitous Raleighs, not many seem to have made it across the Channel over the years.
So, thanks for posting those two pieces of eye candy. Much appreciated!


text:
The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) is a medical society in the United Kingdom, headquartered in London.

History
The Society was established in 1805 as Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, meeting in two rooms in barristers' chambers at Gray's Inn and then moving to Lincoln's Inn Fields where it stayed for 25 years. In 1834 the Society moved to Berners Street and was granted a Royal Charter by King William IV.

In 1889 under the leadership of Sir John MacAlister, a Building Committee chaired by Timothy Holmes supervised the move of the quarters of the Society from Berners Street to 20 Hanover Square. In 1905 an eleven-member committee headed by Sir Richard Douglas Powell organised the celebration of the Society's centenary. Two years later the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London came together with seventeen specialist medical societies and, with a supplementary Royal Charter granted by Edward VII, became the Royal Society of Medicine.

In 1910 the Society acquired the site on the corner of Wimpole Street and Henrietta Place, which was opened by King George V and Queen Mary in May 1912.

Governance
The Council is the governing body of the Society and is responsible for setting the overall strategic direction of the RSM. Council members are the Society's Trustees. The Council is chaired by the President, who has a three-year term of office.

There are four Standing Committees (Education, Audit and Risk, Finance and Investment, Remuneration, People and Culture).

The Chief Executive is responsible for the day-to-day management and leads the Senior Management Team, comprising the Directors and the Dean of Education. Each Director has their own specific responsibilities.

Presidents

Recent presidents of the society have been:

Previous presidents of note of the former Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London were:
 Frederick William Pavy (1900)
 Sir James Paget (1875)
 Joseph Hodgson (1851)
 Thomas Addison (1849)
 Richard Bright (1837)
 William Saunders (1805 (1st))

Membership

The RSM has a global network of 20,000 members.

Fellowship of the RSM is open to those who hold a UK recognised medical, dental or veterinary qualification, or a higher scientific qualification in a healthcare related field. Associate membership is open to those who do not qualify for Fellowship but who work within the healthcare sector or have an interest in healthcare issues. The Society also welcomes student members of medicine, dentistry and veterinary science as members plus other healthcare students. In addition there are up to one hundred Honorary Fellows, drawn from internationally distinguished members of the medical profession and branches of science and allied humanities, who are awarded this honour by Council.

Famous Honorary Fellows (of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London) include:
 Charles Darwin
 Louis Pasteur
 Edward Jenner
 Sigmund Freud
 Carl Jung

Sections
The RSM has 55 Sections and Societies that cover all the major specialties and topics of interest in medicine and healthcare. Together the Section Councils are responsible for planning the majority of the RSM's education programme. Each Section is led by a Section President, and supported by its respective Section Council, which members may apply to join.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
The Royal Society of Medicine's two journals, the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) and JRSM Open, are outlets for scholarly comment and clinical research in the specialties of medicine and surgery.

Published by SAGE Publishing, the journals are editorially independent from the Royal Society of Medicine, and their editor is Dr Kamran Abbasi.JRSM Open is an online-only journal that follows the open-access publishing model. A companion to JRSM, the journal publishes research papers, research letters, clinical reviews and case reports in all specialties and from all countries.

Awards
The annual Ellison-Cliffe Travelling Fellowship of £15,000 is open to Fellows of the Royal Society of Medicine working in the UK or Ireland who are of specialist registrar or lecturer grade or equivalent or who are consultants within 3 years of their first consultant appointment. The prize covers expenses for travel abroad in pursuit of further study, research or clinical training relevant to the applicant's current interests. The History of Medicine Society's prestigious Norah Schuster prize is awarded annually to an essay in the history of medicine.

The Society's Gold Medal is awarded for outstanding contribution to medicine. Past recipients have included Wilfred Trotter (1938), Sir Alexander Fleming (1947), Lord Florey (1947), Sir Martin John Evans (2009), Lord Walton of Detchant (2014), Sir Michael Marmot (2017) and more recently Dame Sarah Gilbert (2021).

The Edward Jenner Medal was originally established in 1896 by the Epidemiological Society of London (1850–1907) to commemorate the centenary of Edward Jenner's discovery of a means of smallpox vaccination. It is awarded periodically by the RSM to individuals who have undertaken distinguished work in epidemiological research.

The Society hosts the annual Ellison-Cliffe Lecture concerning the advancement of medicine, along with the associated award of a medal. Past presenters/recipients include Sir Walter Bodmer, Lord George Porter, Sir Colin Blakemore and Kevin Warwick.

Library
The RSM is home to one of the largest medical libraries in Europe. It is open to members of the public, who can visit its exhibitions and become temporary members to make use of its reference facilities. The Library represents one of the largest postgraduate biomedical collections in Europe and contains around 600,000 volumes. This includes William Harvey's Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinisin animalbus. Due to its historical Library holdings, the Royal Society of Medicine is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group.

References

External links

1805 establishments in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Health in the City of Westminster
Libraries in the City of Westminster
Medical associations based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the City of Westminster
Organisations based in London with royal patronage
Organizations established in 1805
Medical museums in London

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Thomas Hall – Page 47 – Scotts Blog of Doom!
For the first time in a long time, there's actual important stuff going on tonight. We're getting the final three first round matchups in the WWE World Title tournament, which hopefully is the start of a shift back to making Smackdown mean ANYTHING. Then again it could just be laying the groundwork for the move to USA in January so they can pretend it means something and then drop it back to reality. I'll take what I can get though so let's get to it.
We're past the halfway point in the qualifying matches as almost everyone has had two of their three matches. Tonight it's week six and we're going to have some people wrap up their round robin stuff, meaning we can actually see the light at the end of a very long tunnel. Let's get to it.
We're on the road to London at the moment and the big story is Samoa Joe turning on Finn Balor last week after Balor's title defense against Apollo Crews. This likely sets up the main event at the next Takeover, though there's a chance Crews and Baron Corbin could be added in to make it a four way. Let's get to it.
Welcome to your second weekly installment of Russo Theater featuring the Eric Bischoff Players. The big story at the moment is the departures of a lot of big names as Page, Sting and Flair are all gone, leaving us with Hogan/Nash/Steiner to fight off the forces of evil because we're just lucky like that. Let's get to it.
Commentators: Jerry Lawler, Rich Brennan, Booker T.
As inconsequential as Smackdown is most of the time, this show is even moreso than usual. Last night at a house show in Ireland, Seth Rollins ripped his knee to shreds and is out until next summer. The title has been vacated for a tournament at Survivor Series but this show was already taped in advance so most of this isn't going to matter. Let's get to it.
It's Week 5 of the World Title Series and things are starting to come together. You can see a lot of the people who are going to move forward and most of the people who aren't making it into the field of sixteen. In addition to this, we're also getting a special interview with Jeff Hardy. Let's get to it.
It's a big show this week as Finn Balor is defending his NXT Title against #1 contender Apollo Crews. NXT has spent the last few weeks building up Crews and giving us a person to care about but there aren't any real personal issues between the two other than the title itself. That could make for a good match but it might not be the most interesting. Let's get to it.
We're past the Great American Bash and there are less than four weeks from Bash at the Beach. Last night's major development was the Goldberg heel turn, which felt like nothing more than shock value for the sake of shock value. Russo has sworn revenge on Ric Flair tonight and since this show should have a bigger audience, you can almost guarantee that he'll get what he promised. Let's get to it.
The company is in a very bad place right now and it seems like it can only get worse. At this point the company is all about Russo and Bischoff plus a few older wrestlers who can beat up huge groups of young talent in a matter of seconds. The main event here is Nash vs. Jarrett for the title, even though Nash has given away the World Title twice in the last year and a half. Let's get to it.
We're coming off a good Raw and we now have a fresh #1 contender in Roman Reigns. The other big story however is Bray Wyatt kidnapping both the Undertaker and Kane in order to feast on their souls. It's pretty clear that this is leading to a Survivor Series match but the Brothers of Destruction need partners. Let's get to it.
We're still in the early part of the World Title Series as we hit week #4. As much as I like the presentation as they treat this like a real sporting event, the lack of stories are making this hard for me to get into. There's no reason for these people to be fighting other than they have some similar characteristics or backgrounds and they've been scheduled against each other. Let's get to it.
Things are still picking up around here and we have what should be a good featured match tonight with Samoa Joe vs. Tyler Breeze. Tyler eliminated Joe from the battle royal a few weeks back and has been laughing at Joe for costing him a shot at the title. Other than that we also get part two of Apollo Crews' sitdown interview which should set up a good title match against NXT Champion Finn Balor next week.
It's the go home show for the Great American Bash and they finally have the main event set as Kevin Nash is going to get a shot at Jeff Jarrett's World Title. Tonight's big match is the long awaited Goldberg vs. Tank Abbott showdown. Given that it's a Russo run show, you never know what changes we might see so let's get to it.
This is the third straight TV show where we're coming in with a new World Champion, which isn't even counting the mid-show title change from this past Monday. Maybe tonight we can start slowing things down a bit for a change. If we're lucky, we might even get in some more Vince Russo stories! Let's get to it.
It's the final show before Hell in a Cell and we might get some build towards the World Title match after it got little more than lip service on Monday. Aside from that I'd assume we're in for a lot of video packages on the other big matches and maybe another cryptic promo from Bray, possibly including the prophecy he was supposed to give on Monday. Let's get to it.
It's week three of the World Title Series and that's really all there is to say. These matches don't have stories and it's too early to make many predictions. Tonight we'll probably start seeing some of the second matches for some of the people, but it's going to be a long time before any of the eight groups start to wrap up. Let's get to it.
We're in the fun times for NXT now as they're a long way off from starting the build to the next Takeover so we might have another big card in the middle, meaning it's time for some fun TV. Apollo Crews is the new #1 contender to Finn Balor's NXT Title but tonight we've got a former TNA World Champion debuting. Let's get to it.
So Kevin Nash is World Champion again after winning a triple threat match over Jeff Jarrett and Scott Steiner last week on Thunder. Jarrett had been awarded/won the title (it's still not clear) two days before after Ric Flair had it vacated earlier tonight after winning it the week before. That's about a fourth of the title changes this year and that's all you need to know about WCW right now. Let's get to it.
So Jarrett is World Champion again after losing the title for a full week. The biggest change seems to be Nash moving in to the World Title scene, which is one of the least interesting things they could do, which is why we're likely to see it happen. This company has to hit a wall soon enough but I don't want to imagine what has to happen to reach that point. Let's get to it.
Commentators: Rich Brennan, Jerry Lawler, Booker T.
Somehow we're ten days away from Hell in a Cell and it's time to put the finishing touches on the build. The announced main event for tonight is hometown boy Dean Ambrose teaming up with the Dudleyz to fight New Day in a bit of a preview for the pay per view. We might even get more speculation of what Cena is going to do there as well. Let's get to it.
It's the second week of the World Title Series (love the effort that went into that name) and tonight we get to see the other four groups to complete the field. It should be interesting to see how they can fit in this many people given their roster limitations, meaning we might be in for some extra surprises. The action last week was good so hopefully it continues in that direction this week. Let's get to it.
We're past Takeover: Respect now and the question is who comes after Finn Balor's NXT Title next. In theory it's Samoa Joe, who teamed with Balor to win the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic last week. Other than that we're going to find out who is next to go after Bayley now that Sasha Banks is likely gone. Let's get to it.
So Flair is World Champion but the forces of bad health don't want us to have some sanity in WCW and Flair collapsed to end last week's Thunder. This was a legitimate inner ear issue that screwed him up and not like that time where they had Ric Flair have a heart attack that wasn't referenced again outside of a one off moment. Odds are this is going to change the title status so let's get to it.


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Improved loom helped launch Toyota empire | Hagerty Media
First car actually a Toyoda, named after family firm General Motors was king of the hill after they surpassed Ford's sales figures in the late 1920s, but Toyota surpassed the friendly giant in the first quarter of 2007. Sakichi Toyoda, born in 1867, revolutionized the Japanese weaving industry by building a steam-powered loom in 1890.
https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/toyota-empire/
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Le Meierei im Neuen Garten est une brasserie et un restaurant (Brauhaus) à Potsdam, dans le nouveau jardin, au bord du Jungfernsee.

Histoire
Le bâtiment est conçu par le maître d'œuvre Carl Gotthard Langhans. La construction reprend de 1790 à 1792 avec Andreas Ludwig Krüger. Dans le cadre du jardin paysager et de la construction du Palais de Marbre par Frédéric-Guillaume II de Prusse, une laiterie est créée pour approvisionner la cour.

En 1843, Frédéric-Guillaume IV de Prusse fait agrandir le bâtiment. Sous la direction de Ludwig Ferdinand Hesse, un deuxième étage a été construit selon un projet de l'architecte Ludwig Persius et le coin sud-ouest est souligné par une tour. Un merlon entoure les toits et confère au bâtiment un caractère normand.

Une deuxième extension a lieu après 1861 avec la station de pompage, mis en place pour l'irrigation du nouveau jardin. Une partie de cette rénovation technique est la grande cheminée mince. Le bassin élevé pour l'entrée d'eau est situé dans le belvédère sur la Pfingstberg.

Après 1918, un restaurant est installé dans le bâtiment, qui jusqu'à la Seconde Guerre mondiale est l'un des lieux d'excursion les plus populaires à Potsdam et est communément appelé Meierei.

L'occupation par l'Armée rouge fin 1945 et la destruction d'une partie du bâtiment ne permettent plus l'activité d'un restaurant. Dans cet état de ruine, la laiterie est encore présente en 1961 au moment de la construction du mur de Berlin.

Après la réunification en 1991, des travaux de rénovation et de restauration ont lieu sur l'ancien bâtiment qui, depuis 2003, est exploité par la Gasthausbrauerei Meierei im Neuen Garten GmbH.

Références

Brasserie ayant son siège en Allemagne
Brasserie (restaurant)
Architecture néo-classique en Allemagne
Restaurant en Allemagne
Entreprise ayant son siège dans le Brandebourg
Monument historique de Potsdam


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Mobility scheme expanded
by Diarmaid Mac a Bhaird
A new phase of the mobility scheme for civil service clerical officers (COs) and executive officers (EOs) is now open for applications. Phase 1B of the scheme covers Dublin (Zone 46).
Fórsa's Head of Civil Service Derek Mullen welcomed the launch of phase 1B of the mobility scheme.
The window for applications opened on Friday 14th June, and all applications made between then and Thursday 4th July will be considered as 'day 1' applications, which means they will all be dated 14th June.
It was also confirmed that applications made after the 4th July will be dated as received. Applicants are restricted to a maximum of five organisation choices within Zone 46. And, apart from a small number of exceptions, staff moving to/within the zone will be based in the core location area (within a four kilometre radius of the GPO).
Day 1 period applicants will also see their waitlist position change regularly during the window, and applications to the mobility scheme to/within Zone 46 made during phase 1A will retain their date of application.
Derek added that after this phase the union will now focus on mobility for HEO's and AO's.
For more details see HERE.