ZACH DORFMAN: Hello, and welcome to another episode in our special Ethics & International Affairs interview series, sponsored by Carnegie Council for Ethics In International Affairs. I'm Zach Dorfman, senior editor of Ethics & International Affairs, the Council's quarterly journal.
With me today is Jim Sleeper, whose essay "Innocents Abroad? Liberal Educators in Illiberal Societies," appears in the summer 2015 issue of Ethics & International Affairs.
Welcome, Jim. Good to have you with us.
JIM SLEEPER: Nice to be here.
ZACH DORFMAN: Jim Sleeper is a lecturer in political science at Yale, teaching seminars on journalism, liberalism, and democracy. He is the author of Closest of Strangers: Liberalism and the Politics of Race in New York and Liberal Racism. He is a former editor and columnist for the New York Daily News and Newsday, and a member of the editorial board of the venerable quarterly Dissent. His reportage and commentary on foreign policy and other subjects can be found at www.jimsleeper.com.
Jim, in your essay for Ethics & International Affairs, you analyze the long-term trends in liberal education, many of which you find worrisome, both domestically and abroad. Can you first describe what you mean by "liberal education"? What are its defining characteristics? How did they come into being? And what, broadly speaking, are these potentially deleterious trends to the foundations of liberal education?
JIM SLEEPER: I think of liberal education on three axes or having three dimensions, Zach. One obviously is the pedagogy, the open inquiry. You want students to join what I think Michael Oakeshott, the political theorist, called the great conversation of the humanities across the ages. You want them to know some of the texts that have raised these basic questions about lasting challenges to politics and the human spirit, and you want the open inquiry that flows from that, following reason wherever it will lead, and all of the critical thinking skills that come with that and all of the virtues that go with that, like being a little forbearing, listening to other opinions. A liberal education is definitely about inculcating that.
The second dimension—I call it the collegium in the article for Ethics & International Affairs. It is the self-governing company of scholars. That is to say, the educators, the teachers have to be independent in their research and their thinking. They have to govern themselves in that sense. The rights and privileges of a faculty are essential to liberal education.
So in addition to what they do with the students, they stand somewhat apart from markets and states in order to be able to serve them better by criticizing them sometimes, by keeping some distance, as well as sometimes just to challenge them. That independence is essential to a liberal education.
The third dimension, I would say, is facing out to the public. I mention this in the article as well. The best American universities have tried to spread out these habits and virtues of open inquiry, of mutual forbearance, of listening to the other side. These are things we try to get the whole public to do. Of course, it's always just a certain important critical minority of citizens who live up to that. But that is the third dimension, the public face.
So I would say that's it: the pedagogy, the teaching of the students to have that; the independence of the faculty to provide it; and then the public face.
ZACH DORFMAN: Do you think that those three foundations are under threat right now?
JIM SLEEPER: Yes. That is the second part of your question. Absolutely. I am worried about some of the trends I see going on.
It used to be that we were worried about ideological invasions. Either the revolutionary left was going to divert the whole campus to some kind of throwing-everything-over—and that, of course, is what the '60s is in most memories, most stereotypes of people. Some of us participated in some of that. Then there has been a conservative inundation, partly through money and partly through a lot of propaganda and efforts not unlike that of the left, trying to make sure that universities don't tenure a lot of radicals and that they serve American national projects. These things are also at odds with the independence of liberal education.
The challenges used to be ideological. And they still are, of course. But I think there is also the challenge of independence being threatened, not by zealots, but by markets, by certain kinds of market forces, which are much more benign in their intent. Nobody intends to dismantle or to destroy certain independence of thought, but it does just happen. When universities have to begin to run like business corporations and think they have to begin to treat their faculty like employees and their students like customers, you lose the dynamic of the kind of teaching and the kind of independence that I was talking about.
That is what worries me. It was already happening at home here in the United States since the 1980s. It segues into, I guess, the question of whether going abroad, the way many universities are doing, helps that or not.
So I see liberal education as definitely being pressured from within in ways that it didn't used to be and also from without.
ZACH DORFMAN: Let's shift to some of those ventures abroad, because that really is the heart of this piece. It seems that American and, to a lesser extent, British universities have been at the vanguard of partnering with authoritarian states to open these kind of—some of them are satellite campuses; some of them are hybrid centers; some of them have lighter or heavier footprints. I think part of the difficulty in getting the lay of the land is understanding the differences between these kinds of partnerships.
Can you just lay out in broad terms what that lay of the land is? Where are these centers located? What universities are among the most prominent that are doing so? And I guess just as important, if not the most important question, is, how are they funded?
JIM SLEEPER: Yes. Contextually, it is important to understand. There are hundreds and hundreds of universities that have gone abroad, but it is true that most of them are from the United States, Britain, and Australia. So there is definitely an Anglo-American push outward in this way. Maybe that reflects the old British imperial tradition, a certain kind of feeling that you can just go out and traipse around the globe, and, of course, the American sense of expansion and world culture and so on that we have been the progenitors of so much. That is part of the impetus. But it is true that other universities around the world are doing some of that as well.
As to the different models, first of all the receiving countries are very interesting—China, India. And some have been especially assiduous in courting these campuses, the Emirates, countries of that kind, Singapore—small countries that want to become education hubs, partly as an industry in its own right. So you have this kind of push and pull going on. I try to argue in the article that some of what I think is behind the Anglo-American push, the more idealistic side, the more traditional liberal education universalist side, is at odds with two things. It's at odds with what some of the recipient countries are intending, and it's also at odds with some things going on within the Anglo-American societies themselves.
Which brings us to your question about money. A lot of the impetus for going abroad for an American university now is definitely the cash cow, the tremendous burgeoning market of the rising middle classes in Asia and some other countries—the Emirates. Their governments are willing and able to heavily subsidize and pay for this.
The paradox here, I think, is that the very thing that makes American universities so prestigious is the principles that they stood for. I think what made them attractive around the world, why so many foreign students wanted to come to them and still do—800,000-something a year now from around the world coming to American universities—is that they are drawn to some of the best of the liberal education I was describing a minute ago. The students are drawn that way, but the recipient countries abroad want the branch campuses for the prestige of the name, without necessarily replicating the principles.
That is part of the push and pull here that I think is going on.
ZACH DORFMAN: Is there a kind of irony there? Are these Western, American and British, universities kind of sowing the seeds of their own destruction by undermining themselves, by allowing their name and prestige to be co-opted by these illiberal states?
JIM SLEEPER: I do argue that they have overreached on this. I would be willing to agree with anyone that it is a delicate balance and that each case is unique and that it depends on the administration of that university and what their intentions are. It depends very much on the leadership. But I suspect that too many American universities have been captured by a kind of ideology or a worldview about what they are doing that says, okay, it's going to be all right for liberal education; that's fine; here are all the incentives. What they don't see is that the material incentives are overwhelming or, indeed, corrupting or subverting the principled intention. So there is kind of a gap between their rhetoric of "we're spreading liberal education to the world" and the reality, which is that they are contracting themselves out to regimes and to markets, to students, whose expectations are quite different and sometimes very much at odds.
The consequence is that some of these ventures abroad wind up training kids for what I think of as a global managerial kind of elite or class that no longer really answers to the principles of liberal education or to a particularly democratic polity, since in many cases they are not coming from democratic countries anyway. They are not signing up for NYU [New York University] in Abu Dhabi or Yale in Singapore or Duke in Kunshan [China] in order to become better liberal citizens of the world.
JIM SLEEPER: I think they do. NYU now has three portal campuses and 11 other centers in other countries. Anyone who takes the NYU business school course as an undergraduate—they have an undergraduate business program—can spend five semesters of that abroad, if you want, in five different countries. I suppose you can learn a lot about different business practices and come away with something, but it sounds a little bit too diffuse for me to work in a way that serves anything but a kind of facile business goal.
ZACH DORFMAN: I think the word you used to describe some of these programs was a kind of "administrator's dream." Let's talk a little bit about the role of administrators in this process, because it seems—talking about new classes, there is a kind of rise of this administrative class in universities.
ZACH DORFMAN: And they have their own interests and their own ideas.
JIM SLEEPER: They sure do.
ZACH DORFMAN: This administrative class is often cited as one of the driving forces behind rapid increases in tuition prices in the United States. What have the administrators done to facilitate universities' expansion overseas? Is there any relationship between these ventures abroad and increasing costs of education at home?
JIM SLEEPER: First of all, how they differ from the rest of the university's mission—if you think of what I was saying before, that liberal education is the pedagogy, the independent scholarship, and the public diffusion of virtues, the administrator's job used to be to keep the lights on, to provide the setting. That is a big job, and a very honorable one. But the mechanics and the economic imperatives of keeping the lights on have made them more and more decisive. The old sociological principle here is the iron law of oligarchy. I think that was Michels'—those who administrate wind up running it and those whom they are supposedly serving wind up serving the needs of the bureaucracy, the administration.
There is no question that, because of the economic pressures that American universities are under, there has been a burgeoning of this administrative class. Clearly the costs of keeping especially the elite, but even the large state universities going, require more administrators and more time.
So you do have a group that is not really participating in any of the other three dimensions of liberal education, the main three dimensions that I mentioned: the collegium, the pedagogy, and the public. They are just running a corporation.
The trustees—this is very important; it is not just the administrators—the trustees are, themselves, very often administrators by background. That is to say, they are CEOs of major corporations. They are entrepreneurial people, who deserve a lot of credit for what they do as market actors. But they suddenly find themselves presiding over a university that they may have attended as an undergraduate, but their whole worldview now is completely different.
I think that's what happens. They sort of say, "How are we going to increase our brand name, our market share? How are we going to grab the new markets of students? How are we going to plug this hole in our budget by doing that?" Along comes a rich foreign government bearing a couple hundred million dollars or whatever it is, at least down the road, and their eyes light up. They don't ask the questions that need to be asked.
ZACH DORFMAN: It seems like a panacea, right? It seems like all of a sudden somebody has come in and offered you an incredible kind of win-win situation for both parties. If you don't understand these kinds of deeper practices and purposes of liberal education, like the three that you have mentioned, you are not sufficiently aware of the dangers posed by this money, which seems like too good of a deal to be true. And in that sense, it is too good of a deal to be true.
JIM SLEEPER: Absolutely. It seems like manna from heaven, except it's not from heaven. It's from people with expectations.
ZACH DORFMAN: And people expect returns on investments. The economist language goes both ways.
JIM SLEEPER: That's right. The person who is providing the service may have a missionary intent and may feel that he is the progenitor of something wonderful and new, and he's going to bestride the world. I think administrators get caught up in that rhetoric, and the trustees and the presidents of these universities. They feel like they are sailing out on a great venture. But they are no longer doing the same venture that ideally the university came into being to sustain. They say that they are. They say you can't have one without the other. Conceptually that's true. It's all in the details. It's in the balance.
ZACH DORFMAN: Let's talk about some details, then. One case you write about in your essay quite a bit is that of your own university, which is Yale. Yale entered into a major partnership with the authoritarian city-state of Singapore in 2013. It founded a new hybrid institution there called Yale-NUS College. It bills itself as a liberal arts college. It explicitly does so. Yale faculty went abroad to teach at the new college. Some also serve in its administration. Much of the Yale faculty, however, seems to have some very serious misgivings about not only the structure of the institution itself, but also the process underlying the founding of this new school.
Can you talk about that process a little bit for us, and also about the consequences of it for Yale-NUS, but then also just for the home institution, for Yale University?
JIM SLEEPER: Yes, sure. First of all, I should say, Singapore is an unusual country, no question about it. It's hard to type, but it is definitely authoritarian and illiberal. It has a meticulous legal system and all the appearances of transparency, but it's a small island city-state of 6 million people. Everyone knows what everyone else is doing among the elite, so that a supposedly independent judge or a university administrator—you can't do anything without the prime minister knowing about it.
Singapore has tons of money. It's a major capitalist entrepôt (port) like Hong Kong. It has been reaching out to lots of universities. Its goal is to become, as they have often said, "the Boston of Asia," a hub for lots of universities, a center of the education industry.
Why was Yale interested in this? Yale has a longstanding tie to the Far East. We have three trustees—not all of them are currently on the Yale Corporation—who had been longtime investors to and advisors to the sovereign wealth funds of Singapore, the Government Investment Corporation and the Temasek Holdings fund. Three of our old Yale trustees were deeply into Singapore for years, and they admired the way in which this kind of top-down state capitalist entrepôt was organizing things. They had a romance with it.
Another member of the board of trustees of the Yale Corporation was Fareed Zakaria, who in his book, The Future of Freedom, praises Singapore to the skies as the kind of illiberal democracy that is a foundation for later development. This was a very popular idea, which has some validity.
Together, they and the president of Yale, Richard Levin at the time, who was a neoliberal economist, a very nice man, talked themselves into a very idealistic thing. Even though many other American universities had rebuffed Singapore's appeals, had turned it down, because they saw that it is a little too authoritarian, a little too tight—they didn't want the person who pays the piper to call the tune, because Singapore was offering to build everything and pay everything—Yale said, "Well, we can withstand all of that. We're big. We're Yale." So they went into it.
We on the faculty—not everyone; as you mentioned earlier, several of the faculty became involved and were recruited to be involved. The president of the joint venture, of the college there, Yale-NUS College, Pericles Lewis, is a comparative literature professor from Yale. Some of the other administrators, the inaugural dean, and several of the faculty—I think Yale has over 20 yearly faculty appointments to Singapore where people go for a semester or two. That is time taken away from working with their New Haven students on senior essays or dissertations or whatever.
So there is definitely a heavy investment. Yale's name is right there on the thing.
What disturbed us was not only the way Singapore handles liberal education—which is that it doesn't; it puts it in a bubble and doesn't allow it anywhere off campus—but it was also the way the Yale Corporation itself went about this. It overrode the collegium. It overrode any sense that the Yale faculty as a deliberating body could have any say in whether Yale's name belonged on this venture.
The compromise that they reached, incidentally, is that Yale-NUS, this new college in Singapore, does not grant bona fide Yale degrees to its undergraduates. Their degree is from the National University of Singapore, although Yale's name is somehow still on it. But they are given immediate admission to the Yale alumni network. So they can take their business clients to dinner at the Manhattan Yale Club, the elegant club. There is this meshing of business purposes and identities.
Singapore gets to stem its brain drain to the West by having Yale there, or so it seems. It is impossible to exaggerate the allure of the names of Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and so on in Asia. There is a fanaticism about it. You think that American kids—it's nothing like—I can't explain it, really, especially when Asia is rising and proud of itself. But it still wants to certify itself. The closest thing, I would say, is what it meant for some American kids to go to Oxford or Cambridge in England—the biggest thing in the world.
Yale has that magnetism, the name. I honestly think our trustees, through a mix of myopia and idealism—genuine, sincere idealism—and economic incentive, decided to satisfy that appeal, that allure.
They refuse to disclose the full terms of the contract with Singapore. I think and I have reported that I thought that Yale got a lot of money under the table through independent, anonymous donations. Three hundred million showed up as an anonymous donation in an endowment campaign. But there are no fingerprints.
We do know that Singapore is doing the following: It's paying for the whole new campus. It's paying the salaries. On the governing board is the deputy minister of education of Singapore.
ZACH DORFMAN: Singapore, as I think you mentioned is an extraordinarily tightly controlled city-state. Lee Kuan Yew was the kind of foremost proponent of an alternative set of values to the West, so it's not like one can be surprised when the situation unfolds as it has in Singapore. They have always advocated for a different path to development and wealth, and they in many ways have succeeded. Singapore's standard of living is among the highest in Southeast Asia. But there has been quite a cost.
I understand why the administration and some of the board of trustees believed that by bringing a liberal arts college to Singapore, they could help create a kind of beachhead for those liberal values. But it appears that that hasn't worked out quite the way that they initially conceived.
I guess my question for you is, how have they tried to deal with these obvious limitations on free expression? Have they been any more successful in doing so than other American universities, such as Johns Hopkins in China with its Nanjing Center or NYU in Abu Dhabi? If they have been relatively unsuccessful, if they have found insuperable roadblocks, are there other kinds of models from other universities that have been attempted that have been able to be more flexible to these kind of difficult choices that have to be made with these overseas ventures?
JIM SLEEPER: To the first part of the question, they have been relatively successful, precisely because Singapore is so tiny and tightly run and the Yale name is so big. They have carved out exceptions. For example, a documentary film was made called To Singapore with Love by a Singaporean filmmaker showing the repressive tactics that Lee Kuan Yew had used against communists, but against lots of people who were not part of any communist insurgency. The film is banned in Singapore. The Media Development Authority there, the MDA, won't allow it to be shown. What did Yale do? It immediately went and asked for an exemption to show it in the classroom, and the exemption was immediately granted. So Yale-NUS students can see the film.
Except then the filmmaker spoke up and said, "I don't want it to be shown. If it can't be shown to all Singaporeans, I don't want this special—you run to the government." So she exposed and discredited, and Yale immediately said, "Okay, we won't show it."
You see, that's the way—you could call it successful in the sense that they carved out a number of these little exceptions for their little bubble, and the Singapore government is bending over backwards to handle that with kid gloves. That is clearly not a model that other universities can follow in other places that have larger influence to throw around and the university is not quite that important.
That goes to the second part of your question. No, I think other universities have not been as successful, for the most part, even in that sense. We know that NYU in Abu Dhabi not only has had these horrific labor problems—and I gather they have just come out with their report on that, in which they do a certain amount of mea culpa. But a lot of terrible, terrible abuses went on. Virtual indentured servants built that campus under terms that none of us can countenance, even the most conservative economist. I honestly think that there is no leverage over that. There, too, Abu Dhabi is paying everything—the tuitions; they built the campus. There is not much there.
In Shanghai, NYU is involved in a lot of complex deals. The Communist Party, which is the ruling party, is very deeply honeycombed into the running of all universities. That is one reason that Yale, I think, did not do a deal with China. In the Emirates, there is a little bit more independence, despite what I said about Abu Dhabi. Some of them, like Dubai and Qatar, which is not an Emirate, have created these education cities, these free zones, where they kind of say, "We'll give you the space. We'll turn on the lights. Do what you want, but just don't do it off campus."
ZACH DORFMAN: A free-speech zone is not a country with free speech. It's far from it. It's like a free-speech camp of some sort.
JIM SLEEPER: That's right. That is the other part of your question and my earlier point about the public face of a university. A liberal education does not flourish in a bubble. It requires a civic culture. If you are going to have open inquiry, open inquiry into what? If it's particle physics, it doesn't really impact what goes on in the street.
JIM SLEEPER: They were great in the sciences.
ZACH DORFMAN: Great in sciences. The more abstract, the better.
JIM SLEEPER: That's right. And it should be emphasized that a lot of what these American campuses abroad are doing are science and business programs, very focused, very technical. Who can say whether that will have some liberalizing influence if Americans are doing it or not? What I worry about there is that instead of that, we have an all-too-smooth convergence of their kind of state capitalism and ours.
Yes, I think you are putting your finger on a real difficulty, which is that you cannot have the kind of free and open inquiry into sociology or history or literature and then say it stops at the campus door, that the civil society around it has no relationship to it. If most of your students are, in fact, from that home country, it's a damaging fiction to hold to that you can flourish while denying it.
ZACH DORFMAN: Exactly what you would hope for under the circumstances.
JIM SLEEPER: Exactly. And, boy, did they shut that down fast. And, boy, did the Johns Hopkins administration capitulate fast. They just shut it down. I mean, there was some fig-leaf accommodation, but—and they wouldn't let them show a documentary about Tiananmen Square in a student lounge, where others could come and see it. It had to be shown in some private classroom or in some dormitory room. China had its fingers right into everything that moved on that campus, and Johns Hopkins capitulated.
There I think they didn't have Yale's clout to go and carve out a more acceptable exemption.
ZACH DORFMAN: Let's keep talking about China for a little bit, because there are some really important, I think, underlying geopolitical issues related to these universities' ventures abroad. They don't exist in a bubble. They are a function, in some ways, of China's increasing global clout. You write that in 2014, China's Ministry of Education claimed that there were 223 programs and partnerships with American universities alone operating within that country.
Yale might have more clout in Singapore because Singapore is a smaller city-state. It's a financial center, but it can't throw its weight around in global affairs in any sense like China can, obviously.
ZACH DORFMAN: Has China been forced to make concessions to liberal universities, or have the liberal universities, like you said with Johns Hopkins, more often made concessions to China? How has the situation evolved since the accession of Xi Jinping? My understanding is that he has instituted a kind of neo-Maoist program to extricate all traces of Western liberalism or universalism from Chinese educational institutions. Is there spillover effect to these Western institutions?
JIM SLEEPER: I think definitely. The short, brutal answer I would give to your question is that Americans are making the concessions and China is calling the tune. But I wouldn't want to settle for that, because this is a lot of smoke and mirrors with a lot of crosscurrents. Xi Jinping comes out and says this stuff. Some of this is for domestic political consumption against certain enemies that I can't pretend to parse, not being a China expert. But I have been told that a lot of this is posturing.
On the other hand, in every university, every program that Americans have where there is teaching, there is a Communist Party cog sitting in the class listening to the lecture. That doesn't mean that anything automatically follows from that, but that is just the truth.
ZACH DORFMAN: That's still deeply disturbing, though.
JIM SLEEPER: Yes. The universities are run by the Communist Party. The president of the university is a nominal—is certainly an academic. All the forms are preserved. But the actual operations are honeycombed with the party. Not only that, most Chinese believe in that. They recognize the legitimacy of that.
A Chinese economist who signed a petition called Charter 08 calling for the end of one-party rule in China was immediately fired by the university. It's called Peking University, the old name. It's the Harvard of China. It has partnerships with tons of American universities. Yet they fired this guy without blinking because he went against the party line. Then the American universities had to decide what to do, and most of them just shut up and swallowed it. A couple tried to do other things.
But to stay with your question for a moment, I think that China is definitely going to go through a phase of powerful nationalism, and its nationalism is going to be like nothing since the United States' in 1898, say, with the Spanish-American War. They really feel that they bestride the world, that they are the center. They don't necessarily want to have an empire in which they rule other countries, but they are going to be twice the size of our economy. They are going to pull the strings in international finance, as we see happening with this new bank, the beginnings of efforts to do that. They are going to create an illiberal—I don't want to say anti-Western civilization, but devotedly different from the West.
ZACH DORFMAN: It will not be the Washington Consensus, that's for sure.
JIM SLEEPER: Not only will it not be the Washington Consensus—the other part of your question, the statements they make about respecting liberal education—it will not be a liberal-education civilization. It's just not. We owe it to ourselves to understand it. I admire the kids who go there and learn Mandarin. I am totally in favor of scholarly exchanges and all of that. I don't believe in reinstating some kind of Cold War Iron Curtain. But we should not fool ourselves as to what we're getting into. I would say that American universities have been very wishful in thinking (a) that we are going to liberalize them or (b) that they are so eager to get our knowhow that they will respect our principles.
ZACH DORFMAN: Not only wishful, but it seems also deeply ahistorical, insofar as China through its very long and very impressive history has gone through these periods of expansion and contraction, and it has this—and you mention this in the essay—kind of deep self-understanding as the kind of summit of global civilization and that there are kind of concentric circles of vassal states that surround it. To enter a partnership with an ascendant empire such as China seems to be excessively romantic, in the negative sense of the term.
JIM SLEEPER: I agree. I would add a footnote to that. We forget that at the height of American expansionism, right back there during the Teddy Roosevelt/Spanish-American War time, one of the biggest things on American campuses was a missionary movement to evangelize China, to Christianize China. Hundreds of thousands of Americans went to China, and thousands of missionaries went to China, a lot of them from Yale. There was a Yale in China program that was devoted to Christianizing China. It was part of the mission of Yale University, to bring Christianity to China.
ZACH DORFMAN: Yes, and we should absolutely talk about that.
JIM SLEEPER: I would be happy to talk about that. But to answer your question, they are definitely not about to be liberalized by us. Anything that we do there is as contractors who have been hired to give them certain knowhow.
ZACH DORFMAN: It seems that with these Confucius Institutes—and let me just give a little bit of background on that. There has been a proliferation of these institutes. You write in your essay that there are 97 within the United States alone and there are 350 institutes in other countries. I believe you also mention that their goal is to have 1,000 worldwide.
JIM SLEEPER: Yes, they are shooting for 1,000. That's what they say.
ZACH DORFMAN: And I believe them. It seems that there is a kind of evangelizing that is going on. This is a show of Chinese ascendance and power. Can you talk about what kinds of services and activities and functions these Confucius Institutes fill on American campuses?
JIM SLEEPER: Yes, I certainly can.
ZACH DORFMAN: What have they done that has been troublesome?
JIM SLEEPER: Let me just mention that there are counterparts from other societies. For example, a lot of the oil states in the Middle East fund centers and things on American campuses that are probably somewhat equally suspect. But this is really unique because of the power of China and the size of it.
On its face, it's benign. If I had been a university administrator 15 or 10 years ago, I would have said, "Wow, this looks great." They say, "We will provide a center on your campus with the best Chinese-language instruction by people who really speak the kind of Chinese that the rising powers in China are speaking. You want your students to know how to deal with China, to do business with China. We're going to do that. We will give you some cultural context and background. You will learn about Chinese society. We will provide the instructors. We send them over from China, but they speak English. They will provide the instruction and we will pay for it all."
ZACH DORFMAN: Let's function as an arm of the state.
JIM SLEEPER: That's right. So that was number one.
Number two, the on-site, on-campus directors of these institutes were watching carefully what anyone else at that university was doing in regard to China. So the resident China scholars, the American China scholars, on the campus—if they said something nasty about Tiananmen Square or about Tibet or about Taiwan, the director would immediately make sure that at no Confucius function could these people be speaking. If there is a panel on something, the Confucius people would refuse to participate on a panel with the American, and the American would suddenly find that they are not getting a visa to China for their next research trip.
The second dimension is that they were really pulling strings. And they would take these American administrators aside and say, "We would really appreciate it if your campus did not have this program that you are sponsoring over there in the Asian studies department on Taiwan."
ZACH DORFMAN: This must be extraordinarily troubling, especially to the people who specialize in Chinese language and history and literature. It's like a shadow department more or less.
JIM SLEEPER: That's right. They are up in arms. In the article for your journal, I indicate the website of Chinafile.com—I think it's mentioned in the text of the article—where there is a full discussion of this by a number of China scholars, who really run down what has been wrong with the way this is done and how offensive it is.
So there is this inherently controlling effort.
The other thing that has to be said, though, is that the American Association of University Professors and its Canadian counterpart came out with an open letter to all their universities saying, "Cut these guys out." And I gather that a lot of universities are doing that. I don't know how many American universities have decided not to renew their contracts with the Confucius Institutes, but a number have. I think the pushback is such that it will be regarded as an effort that failed.
One of the things that is worth mentioning—and I do mention it in the article—is that a professor of Chinese studies from California, Perry Link, testifying to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, blew this wide open. This is a Republican House, and, of course, they are very anti-China on those levels, for their own purposes. There is going to be pushback, and it wouldn't surprise me if we don't see too much of the Confucius Institute problem.
But China is definitely reaching out and trying to pull as many strings as it can.
ZACH DORFMAN: For our last few minutes, I want to circle back around to the relationship between the American character, and the character of American society, and the proliferation of these institutes and campuses and centers abroad. In your essay you write that at least 83 of the world's 219 branch campuses are from American universities. You quote George Santayana, who, to paraphrase, said that Americans have a tendency to spiritualize material things and thereby materialize the spiritual.
How do you think this tendency to spiritualize the material has affected the work of American educators abroad? Have Americans' own deeply rooted missionary impulses blinded us to the dangers or moral compromises entailed by these kinds of ventures?
JIM SLEEPER: Wow. It's a good question. It's kind of a profound one. This whole thing about spiritualizing the material goes right back to the Puritans. On the one hand, they were piloting slave ships and very much involved in profit, and on the other hand, they were very conscious of sin. I think what has happened in America is—we spiritualize the material. We have forgotten the moral dimensions of it. We Americans do take delight in being inventive, and we feel that by being like John Locke, creating something out of the wilderness and so on, we are being virtuous just by doing it. So we're happy. I open the article with a portrait of these guys from MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] in Singapore. They are happy as clams doing these little gadgets and driverless golf carts. They are happy.
It speaks to a very buoyant and optimistic thing. That is the "idealist working on matter." That is what Santayana was talking about. There is a wonderful quality to that that cancels the illiberal underside, or that seems to. However, when someone else is pulling material strings and saying, "You can invent this, but not that," or "We are going to use this invention to repress people," then you are participating in something where you need the moral dimension.
I think that Americans always had an unusual way of balancing the material and the spiritual, which kind of worked out. But we had a lot of wiggle room. We had a lot of blunder room. We could do a lot of reckless things as a country and still sort of come out being moral, or thinking we were.
We don't have those margins when we go abroad. We are working for regimes that don't like this kind of messy "aw, shucks" "we'll try this, we'll try that." They want to know where it's going. They are much more controlling. They don't have the same openness that we have. I do worry that we are losing that openness at home anyway because of the kind of big corporatization or even the casino finance stuff. The kind of looseness in our regulatory and financial system is taking the element of wise judgment out of things that brought us the 2008 meltdown. We have to cope with this internally. When we go abroad, we are totally ill-equipped to stand up to other people who think they know how to control it.
We aren't so confident anymore in our idealistic American model. The old New Englander in me says we have to do a little introspection here, we have to do a little moral reckoning, before we assume that that idealistic American character that Santayana described is really ready to go into the jaws of these places that have completely different ideas about where it is going.
ZACH DORFMAN: One gets the sense from reading your piece that this is really your overarching worry, that by making these concessions, American universities are going to lose what made them historically world-renowned, rich centers for the contestation and dissemination of uninhibited knowledge—the John Stuart Mill ideal about the marketplace of ideas—and that in so doing, American universities themselves will become increasingly illiberal.
Some of this is, as you say, a result of domestic phenomena—the rise of economistic ways of thinking, the loss of our moral compass. But some of this could actually be a result of this integration. You are hinting at that in the piece.
JIM SLEEPER: Absolutely, absolutely. One of the reasons I'm so glad you are publishing this piece, frankly, is that I am very eager to see what kind of response or pushback we may get from university leaders, whether they be administrators, faculty, or others, or observers of this, to that very question.
Basically, the way I phrase it is that it's not so much that we are going to see explosive conflicts of values between us and Singapore or Abu Dhabi or whatever. We are going to see an all-too-smooth convergence. They will liberalize a little bit on the surface, a few grace notes. We will become more controlling. We are already wrestling with those problems at home, need I say, surveillance and so on. We will become more like them than they will become like us. That is what I really worry about.
I feel that certain weaknesses in liberal education here that we have mentioned are going to be reinforced and legitimized by our all-too-smooth convergence with powers there. That's my worry. I would love to hear the opposite from people who claim, no, that's not happening.
ZACH DORFMAN: The evidence seems to be pointing toward that. I don't know—and maybe you have some thoughts on this; this is a very broad and difficult question—what faculty, students, educators, the concerned public can do to attempt to prevent this kind of convergence from occurring. I know that these long-term trends are so multi-causal and they are structural on all these different levels. But at least in the universities, is there anything that students and faculty and others can do?
JIM SLEEPER: I can tell you, we faculty at places like the so-called elite universities, the selective ones, look at our students and we see them coming in with a lot of these attitudes that worry us. We wonder whether there is something in our teaching that could rattle them a little bit. That's what liberal education is supposed to do. It's supposed to disorient you. It's supposed to make you question your premises, let you confront the tragedian history. The times when people thought they knew what they were doing and didn't. It goes back to Adam and Eve, it goes back to Prometheus, the over-assumptions about knowledge. I think that partly is that we need a reintensification of liberal education at that deep level. That's why I support core curricula and other kinds of classical groundings that revive that.
There is some support for that from the conservative side and even from some on the liberal side. I hope it will happen without any ideological agendas.
Other than that, I think it is going to take some confrontation. I think what we tried to do at Yale—we weren't able to stop the project, but I think we put them on their toes. We have to wake up these administrators that we were talking about and say, "Hey, you're actually not running Pepsi Cola here. You are running a place that has a different purpose and a different style. Get with it. Don't just think that money is going to solve it."
ZACH DORFMAN: I'm afraid we need to stop here.
Once again, we have been speaking with Jim Sleeper, whose essay "Innocents Abroad? Liberal Educators in Illiberal Societies," appears in the summer 2015 issue of Ethics & International Affairs. That essay, as well as much more, is available online at www.eiajournal.org. We also invite you to follow us on Twitter at @eiajournal.
Thank you, Jim, for joining us. It has been a fascinating discussion.
JIM SLEEPER: Thank you, Zach. A pleasure.
ZACH DORFMAN: Again, this is Zach Dorfman for Carnegie Council and the Council's journal Ethics & International Affairs. Thank you for listening.


By Nicholas Cunningham - posted Wednesday, 6 January 2016 Sign Up for free e-mail updates!
At the same time, OPEC also issued a word of caution in its report. While oil markets experience oversupply in the short- to medium-term, massive investments in exploration and production are still needed to meet demand over the long-term. OPEC believes $10 trillion will be necessary over the next 25 years to ensure adequate oil supplies. "If the right signals are not forthcoming, there is the possibility that the market could find that there is not enough new capacity and infrastructure in place to meet future rising demand levels, and this would obviously have a knock-on impact for prices," OPEC concluded. About $250 billion each year will have to come from non-OPEC countries.
In a similar but more disconcerting conclusion, the Oslo-based Rystad Energy recently concluded that the current state of oversupply could be "turned upside down over the next few years." That is because the drastic spending cuts today will result in a shortage within a few years. To put things in perspective, Rystad says that the oil industry "needs to replace 34 billion barrels of crude every year – equal to current consumption." But as a result of the collapse in prices, the industry has slashed spending across the board and "investment decisions for only 8 billion barrels were made in 2015. This amount is less than 25% of what the market requires long-term," Rystad Energy concluded. The industry cut upstream investment by $250 billion in 2015, and another $70 billion could be cut in 2016. The latter figure did not take into account the recent decision by OPEC to abandon its production target, which sent oil prices falling further.


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R&B-Infused Reggae Songstress/Guitarist, Leilani Wolfgramm, Debuts NEW Track "Live Wire"
November 14, 2017 · by Vandala	· in Daily Blog, Music Videos, New Releases, Recent Posts, Streaming.	·
R&B-infused reggae songstress/guitarist, Leilani Wolfgramm, drops her latest single, "Live Wire," which was produced by Wolfgramm, Fredro Odesjo (multi-platinum producer for Tohoshinki/TVXQ) and Joshua Sadlier-Brown (John Legend, Gogol Bordello, Kelly Buchanan). Already making waves in her genre,she has shared the stage with Ziggy Marley, Incubus, Dirty Heads, Tribal Seeds, Sublime ft. Rome and New King. The track is slated for a film soundtrack, Paper Year, starring Eve Hewson (Bono's daughter/The Knick) and Avan Jogia (Tut). Jamsphere raves, "[Wolfgramm's] voice isn't matched by anyone else in pop right now, in terms of how she mixes high class elegance with lowdown and dirty grit. She's the devil and a queen all wrapped in one."
An American Tongan singer-songwriter from Orlando, Fl, Wolfgramm was integrated into the musical world through dancing at several dinner luau shows at an early age, as her father was a dancer/choreographer at Disney World. She started singing at age 9 after her mother introduced her to Patsy Cline and picked up guitar at age 14 when she was exposed to reggae through her brothers. She joined her brothers' reggae band in 2012 and went solo in 2014. She released her first album that same year and was signed to Raleigh Music Publishing in 2016. Melding her diverse influences, Wolfgramm's distinct sound mixes R&B with the island sound of dancehall, reggae, hip-hop and pop. She's a magnetic live performer who captures audience's imagination with her sultry stage presence. Dealing with dark and taboo subjects, Wolfgramm reveals, "I write music to celebrate being alive. The good, the bad, the happy, the sad – all the lessons I've learned." "Live Wire" is no exception; the track addresses the constant struggle (for women mostly) to be perfect, and covering the real parts of oneself to appear perfect.
Stay tuned for more material and show announcements from this eclectic artist, who "is able to extensively flex her lyrical muscles and show her strength in the face of the vulnerability."(Soundlooks) Wolfgramm is slated to perform at the Chili Vibrations Music Festival in Florida on November 18, and "it's all about to go up in flames, so get a front row seat now because Leilani's going to be one of the biggest stars on this planet real soon." (Review Indie)
https://www.facebook.com/Leilaniwolfgrammfl/
https://twitter.com/leiwolfgramm
Tags: Avan Jogia, Eve Hewson, Fredro Odesjo, Guitarist, independent music, independent music magazine, Indie, Jamsphere, live wire, music magazine, music video, new album, new release, New Single, Pop, Preview, R&B, Raleigh Music Group, Reggae, Singer, songstress, Streaming, Vandala, Vandala Magazine, Wolfgramm
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: How to put scrolling content in my blog I want the code parts of my posts not to be wrapped but rather scrolled horizontally. Any simple method to do this?

A: Place your code in a div and then set white-space to nowrap. Finally set the overflow property to scroll.
http://jsfiddle.net/GJSXM/
div {
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow-x: scroll;
}

A: Try something like this for more contained content like code bits.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Warning: iPhone Bug Allows Deleted Email To Be Retrieved With Simple Search
By Leander Kahney • 11:53 am, August 17, 2009
Never use your iPhone for incriminating or embarrassing emails you might not want others to see.
CoM reader Matt Janssen has just found a bug in the iPhone's 3.x software that allows deleted email to be retrieved.
In other words, the iPhone and iPod Touch's Mail app doesn't properly delete email. Erased email messages can be easily retrieved using a simple search with the iPhone's built-in search tool.
"Obviously this is could be a major security issue if you think you deleted something from your iPod but it's not really deleted," says Janssen. "You can still search through messages that are deleted. And this isn't messages that are just recent. I found some messages that are over three or four months old."
The bug could reveal embarrassing email sent or received by cheating spouses, or messages that kids don't want their parents to see. It's present in the software for both the iPhone and iPod Touch.
Janssen has made a video to demonstrate the bug. In the video, Janssen creates an email in a standard POP account, sends it to himself and then deletes it. The message appears to be gone from his inbox, but he's able to retrieve it using the iPhone's Search function. Janssen has to search for the deleted message twice. On first try, the Mail app crashes and sends him back to the Home screen. But on the second try, the message is retrieved and displayed. It even retrieves messages that are deleted from the server.
"Hopefully Apple will fix it in some later releases," says Janssen.
Link to Jannsen's YouTube video.
Posted in: News Tagged: Apple, iPhone, software


MXGP MAG #58 IS ONLINE.
Youthstream is proud to announce that the fifty-eighth issue of MXGP Mag is now online. In the newest issue MXGP Mag features the life of Eric Geboers in a dedicated tribute article. Also included in Issue #58 we feature WMX points leader Courtney Duncan, give a recap of rounds 6-8 of the FIM Motocross World Championship, highlight the competitiveness of the European Motocross Championships and afterwards we throw it back to the past with a write-up on Kurt Nicoll's 1987 Kawasaki 500 and Motocross Hall of Famer Shayne King.
Click here to read the fifty-eighth issue of MXGP Mag or download it for FREE on Apple Store or Google Play.


A truly wonderful design, made from silver lined tiny glass beads . We have added a Tibetan silver butterfly at each end to really with a genuine white Jade 6mm bead to catch the eye. This is just one of our many designs in glasses chains available to buy in our shop, both on a buy it now and on auctions. Please take a look.


1,000.00USDto DavidGrisar+ (50.00) buyer's premium. + applicable fees & taxes.
3 Days (2 nights) 2x1 exotic hunt for 2 hunters. The winning bidder & his hunting buddy will receive 3 days of guiding fees and a $4,000 credit to be used between the 2 of them on 4 trophy exotic animals. ($1,000 credit applied towards each trophy exotic, 2 trophy exotics per hunter). Select from a variety of over 30+ trophy exotics that can be hunted. Also includes meals and lodging, and field dressing/skinning/quartering of animals.


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AIG Academy Connected
Understanding the Global Geopolitical Risk Landscape
In the first session post summer of AIG Academy Connected on September 8, the global geopolitical risk landscape and its impact on today's world was discussed, as well as the key risks going going forward. The event was hosted by Michael Jensen, General Manager AIG Nordics, while Arne Elias Corneliussen, Founder and Chairman of NRCI, presented the topic and insights from his points of expertise.
The webinar summarizes the geopolitical events that are actual today, with much focus on US-China relations and the forthcoming US presidential election; but also Europe-China relations. Corneliussen examines, summarizes and reflects on the current situations and influencing forces, while also presenting different scenarios for what can be expected in the future. The presentation also covers other current external events, which include the Brexit situation, Iran, developments on the Korean Peninsula, the India-Pakistan-China relationship and the situation in Venezuela.
Corneliussen describes the corona pandemic as a global strategic shock – or a black swan – that will remain for years even after a vaccine emerges, since vaccine success is dependant on global distribution and efficacy. Not only is the pandemic a strong contributing factor to current geopolitical instability, but it also has a strong impact on global supply chains, with countries possibly reducing their reliance on China and instead finding new ways by forming regional distribution. From a company risk perspective, the webinar digs into questions such as how to prepare for the constantly changing risk landscape and what companies should do to survive in this environment.
"Regardless the size of your company, maintain an agile strategy, remain humble, curious and observant, and in the way you can, try to gain access to relevant and good information and external input. It's important to be very careful and monitor the countries you are investing in; and in the countries where you plan to invest you need to do careful risk assessments and planning before making the investment decisions. It's a question of being aware of the risks and monitoring the risks." says Arne Elias Corneliussen
"I highly recommend viewing this inspiring and informative webinar, where Arne describes the geopolitical events and risks faced today and how to prepare for tomorrow.", says Michael Jensen
Learn more about understanding geopolitical risks and what your company can do to make the right risk assessments by watching the full webcast through the link below.
Access Webinar


Hopwood-based artist Paula Hamilton meets Winterbourne's resident artist.
Am I the last person in the West Midlands to know about Winterbourne House in Edgbaston with its amazing secret garden? I feel sad that I haven't discovered this treasure before but delighted that I know about it now, and I want to tell everybody about it!
So we are talking William Morris wallpapers, rocking horses in the nursery, chamber pots under beds, lots of beautiful wooden floors and all with a homely feel, and at the same time quite magnificent.
John Nettlefold, who lived at Winterbourne House with his wife Margaret and their six children, was a wealthy metal manufacturer and huge local employer as well as a pioneer of town planning and social reform.
The first exhibition at Winterbourne House and Garden this year is an exhibition of work by artist in residence Sara Hayward.
Now living in Worcester, Sara may well be known to some readers of The Village as she is a former resident of Barnt Green, attended St Andrew's C of E School where she sang in the choir, sailed at Barnt Green Sailing Club and played tennis at the club on Bittell Road!
Sara later studied at King Edward VI High School For Girls and went on to Bournville School of Art before studying for a degree at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art at Oxford University. Finally she took a masters in printmaking at the Royal College of Art, London.
As artist in residence, Sara worked for 10 months during 2013 in a studio at Winterbourne producing sketchbooks, more than 20 paintings and a short film.
The exhibition has three elements. Firstly, in the main house, visitors will come across Sara's portraits of the Nettlefold family in virtually every room.
Sara has sketched and painted all eight family members – John, Margaret and their children, Nina, Lois, Beatrice, Ken, Valerie and Evie – using small black and white photographs as source material.
A trail of "The Winterbourne Portraits" for families to follow around the house is available.
Secondly, displayed in the stunning but intimate Coach House Gallery, are a series of large scale semi-abstract paintings inspired by the garden. With Sara's sketchbooks on display showing the viewer how drawings develop into final pieces, this is exciting work.
Sara says of her drawings, "What you leave out is as important as what you put in." And by leaving some detail out and developing these relatively sparse images, semi-abstract forms are revealed. Sara's use of colour is exuberant! Lots of purples, reds, pinks, blues and yellows – these paintings feel richly summery.
Thirdly, showing in Winterbourne's hay loft studio, is an enigmatic short film: "Remembrance of Things Passed." This is a collaboration between Sara and Parul Punjabi, an International Film Studies scholarship student at Birmingham University, filmed on location in and around Winterbourne last June.
The film stars Winterbourne gardener Phil Smith and Sara's daughter, Sylvie, wearing costumes from the museum's collection.
And I found Sara's interpretations of Winterbourne inspiring and hope that some of you will visit and be inspired too, and by Winterbourne House and Gardens.


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» History Seminar series
History Seminar series
To join the School of History seminar mailing list, please send an email to hist.admin.cass@anu.edu.au
Scott Dempsey (ANU): 'Historia Successorum Regum Britanniae: A Study in Medieval and Early Modern English "Historical" Argument'
This thesis investigates the important role that pseudo-historical argument played in shaping aspects of medieval and early modern English political thought....
Romain Fathi (Flinders University): Do Not Forget Australia: What Can We Learn from One Hundred Years of Australian War Commemorations in France?
This seminar documents Australians' interactions with local French people and French institutions on the former Western Front through their commemoration of...
Lawrence Goldman (St Peter's College, Oxford): The Statistical Moment in Britain, 1825-1835: Social Science, Political Reform, Modernity
The nineteenth century was the age of statistics. For the first time numerical social data was collected systematically, analysed and used in the...
Laurence Brown (ANU): Imperial Brexit: The Global Politics of Border-Making at the End of the British Empire
This paper explores how the global relationships between the British State and its former colonies in the Caribbean, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the...
Wilbert Wong (ANU): Sir Richard Olaf Winstedt: The Architect of Colonial Knowledge on Malaya
Widely regarded by scholars of Malaysia and Singapore as the most influential British scholar-administrator of colonial Malaya, Sir Richard Olaf Winstedt...
Fleur Goldthorpe (ANU): Women Exhibitors of Australian Colonial Wine on the Exhibition Circuit of the Nineteenth Century
2019 is the 175th anniversary of the founding of Penfolds – Australia's oldest and most iconic wine brand – by Mary and Christopher Rawson Penfold at Magill...
David Roth (ANU): Life, Death, and Deliverance at Callan Park Hospital for the Insane, 1877-1923
This is the first historical study which examines in detail the most important factors contributing to patient mortality and discharges in a large Australian...
Iva Glisic (ANU): The Art of Dissent in Russia and Eastern Europe, 1989-2019
This year we observe the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall—an event that ostensibly signalled a triumph of the spirit of unification, openness,...
Marnie Hughes-Warrington (ANU): Scaling the Ethics of History
This seminar introduces the idea that the variation in spatio- and temporal scales across histories is a matter of ethics, as well as of narrative and fact. It...
Rachel Bright (Keele): The Good Migrant: Gender, Race, and Naturalisation in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa and Australia
What does a good migrant look like? How do migration officials identify 'good' migrants and how do potential migrants navigate this process? This paper will...
Updated: 3 April 2018/Responsible Officer: Head of School/Page Contact: CASS Marketing & Communications


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All Pokies News
Sportsbet Loses $1.3mil on Early Election Bet Payouts
James Gompertz | May 20, 2019 | Updated On: January 19, 2021
Sportsbet said, "Bill Shorten lost the unloseable election."
An Australian gaming company made a huge mistake when it paid out proposition bets on last Saturday's national election. Sportsbet paid out AU$1.3 million for those who wagered on the Labor Party's Bill Shorten two days before Prime Minister Scott Morrison won re-election.
All the major polls had Bill Shorten's Labor Party defeating Scott Morrison's Coalition in the election. The margin was small, though, and parliamentary elections have a lot of moving parts.
The day Sportsbet paid out the Bill Shorten bets, its predictions had Labour winning 82 seats against the Coalition's 63.
Instead, the Coalition won 75 seats and might win more in the days ahead, as election organizers count votes in the closest elections. Seventy-five seats is enough to give Scott Morrison another go at premiership. Meanwhile, Sportsbet must pay out almost AU$5 million in wagers that came in for the Coalition.
Of the wagers, most of the big wagers backed Bill Shorten, while a vast number of small bets backed Morrison. That makes sense, given the fact small stakes punters could bet a little bit to win a lot on Scott Morrison.
Why Pay Off Prop Bets Early?
The question many have is why Sportsbet paid out the wagers early. In fact, it's a common tactic for bookmakers. If a prop bet is all-but-certain to go one way, it's better to pay off the bet early.
The reason: paying early puts the money back into the hands of the bettors. A fair number of them will wager the winnings on some other proposition. The bookmaker site gets an early chance to win back its losses.
Early payouts only backfire when the math is off. The calculations missed by 12 seats and $1.3 million this past weekend.
Sportsbet Jokes about Early Payouts
Whether someone got fired over the mistake or not, Sportsbet poked fun at itself on social media. One Twitter post had pictures of the four biggest losers from last weekend.
Next to the tweet's pictures were the words Bill Shorten ("Lost the Unloseable Election"), Paul Gallen ("Broke the Record for Most Losses in the NRL"), Tony Abbott ("Lost the Warrington Seat after 25 Years"), and Sportsbet ("Us: Paid Out on a Labor Election Victory Early").
Bookmaker Site Confirmed Unnecessary Losses
A spokesman for Sportsbet, Richard Hummerston, confirmed that the company wrote off the losses on the early payouts. The spokesman said Sportsbet plans alternative measures to offset the losses.
At the same time, the sportsbooks pointed out that it could have been worse. To cite an example, Sportsbet pointed to mining executive Clive Palmer, who invested AU$80 million in a Labor Party victory. That's a lot of money for a losing outcome.
Matthew Tripp founded Sportsbet in 2005 as a small bookmaker based out of Darwin, Australia. Tripp began luring traditional gamblers to his bookmaker site through advertising deals with Seven Network and Ten Network. In this way, he expanded the business from 8 to 250 staff members.
Sportsbet's pivotal moment came in 2018 when the High Court ruled that sites licensed in the Northern Territory could advertise to punters in the more populous Australian states.
Paddy Power Takeover
Irish bookmaker Paddy Power bought 51% of Sportsbet in May 2009, giving it a controlling interest in the sportsbook. Media reports suggested the deal was worth AU$200 million. Paddy Power took full ownership in February 2011 when it bought the remaining 39.2% of the company from Matthew Tripp for AU$132.6 million.
These days, Paddy Power CEO Patrick Kennedy is chairman of Sportsbet. While the parent company controls the brand, Sportsbet remains its own brand name in the Australian gaming market. Since Paddy Power took control, Sportsbet ran afoul of various Aussie state governments.
For instance, in 2011 the company admitted it pays $3 million to $4 million a year in commissions to companies and individuals which promote the bookmaker site. While no great secret in the online gambling business, Australian parliament MPs who dislike online gambling made much of the admission.
James Gompertz
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Main Planet Weather e-zine Specials Zodiac Signs Archives Art Gallery MINDWORKS Teaching Dorothy Oja Links
Planet Weather for the Week of December 3, 2006
SkyWatch – Moon phase of the week: 12/4 -- The Moon reaches perfect fullness at 7:25 PM EDT, at 12 degrees of Gemini. Because she is exactly opposite the Sun in the sky, a Full Moon during the cold months in the Northern Hemisphere rises very high in the sky, whereas the Sun's course stays low to the South (which is, of course, why these are cold months!) Sky watching events of the week: 12/3 --The nearly Full Moon passes about a half-degree North of the Pleiades star cluster (the brightest stars in this sort of "mini galaxy") in Taurus, making her closest approach to the so-called "Seven Sisters" at 10 PM EDT. Look high overhead to the south-southwest.12/9 -- Fast Mercury slides past Mars, coming within about a degree, with their point of closest approach happening around 3 PM EDT, in broad daylight. However, you can catch this pairing before it happens, along with Jupiter brightly shining nearby, by looking very low to the east just before dawn. (You will need an unobstructed view of the eastern horizon.) All three will make a close triangle with Mercury at the apex, Jupiter to the lower left, and fainter, orangish Mars to the lower right. Space news of the week: Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) will attempt to raise the orbit of the ISS, so that it will be in a position to receive the Space Shuttle Discovery, scheduled to be launched sometime between late this week and the December Solstice. Astronauts made a failed attempt to change the ISS orbit last week but the maneuvering rockets were shut down by an unhappy computer program. They believe they now have the problem corrected and look forward to a successful boost. All in a week's space work!
Go out! Look up!
This week Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and Friday are the most active and possibly the most productive energy days. The longest Void-of-Course (VOC) Moon time, during the day, is Thursday 12/7/06 – in Cancer, the entire day. The Moon begins its VOC @ 8:13PM the night before and leaves VOC to enter Leo @ 6:52AM on 12/8/06. VOC is best for less outcome-oriented activity, since VOC often means detours, distractions, or delays. If you want specific outcomes, or if timeliness is critical, choose another time. VOC is best for processing, imagining, and open-ended activities, like parties!
* Monday and Tuesday are powerful sky days with the Full Moon square Uranus, followed by Saturn making a station retrograde and then…Mars changing signs into fiery Sagittarius!
Mercury in fixed, water Scorpio square (90deg.) Saturn in fixed, fire Leo @ 25deg. on Monday, December 4, 2006 @ 3:07PM EST. Mercury will reach its shadow point (the degree at which it went retrograde on 10/28/06) of 25deg. along with this aspect. Saturn helps to define the mind and give certainty to thoughts or decisions you were previously unsure of. The aspect brings back something you were entertaining at the end of October – and now you have a more definite opinion. Saturn is always practical and looks for viability when it is weighing options. In the square aspect, one can be very definite about an opinion and even entrenched, but it doesn't mean that is necessarily the right decision – so be aware that you may be digging your heels in and reflect as to whether your position is based on wise analysis or simply stubbornness and the need to be right.
Saturn turns Stationary Retrograde on Tuesday, December 5, 2006 @ 11:07PM EST until 4/19/07. It's Saturn's turn again to make a strong statement – world leaders are affected and a stubborn position may be apparent. This pending station was foreshadowed by the recent controversial elections in Mexico. The losing party threatened to shut down the swearing-in of Felipe Calderon as the new president amidst cries of election fraud. Saturn's station is closely trine Pluto/Sagittarius, and this combination often indicates major power shifts and turnovers in power or government. Personally, you may be much more aware of situations and people that you have depended on being stable and there for you. It's a shift in status, the status-quo or prevailing conditions and a concern for security.
Mars enters mutable, fire Sagittarius on Tuesday, December 5, 2006 @ 11:59PM EST until 1/16/07. Mars in a fire sign is always more feisty, aggressive, and restlessly active than when it is in the sign of another element. In Sagittarius, Mars actions are more risky – often throwing caution to the wind. This Mars feels positive and positively lucky and flies by the seat of its pants too easily. Still, its humor and charm have you forgetting how it once irritated you by pushing at your sacred boundaries. This is an adventurous position and one that does not like being hemmed in – so give it plenty of space and enjoy the exploration and the inevitable philosophical asides. You can be sure this Mars will get things going in a big way as only Sagittarius can do.
Venus in mutable, fire Sagittarius trine (120deg.) Saturn/Leo @ 25deg. on Thursday, December 7, 2006 @ 2:17AM. This aspect is typically one of affirming or defining something, or of making a commitment. There is seriousness to playfulness and a desire to manifest or make real something that is creative or in other ways close to the heart.
Venus/Sagittarius conjuncts (0deg.) Pluto/Sagittarius 2006 @ 27deg. on Thursday, December 7, 10:50PM EST. Much later on the same day, after Venus makes a Saturnian commitment, it meets Pluto, lord of the underworld, and is taken to deeper levels of bonding and inundated with layers of impactful emotion. The conjunction promises the initiation to a new level of intimacy. Something is released and destroyed just as something new is being born.
Mercury enters Sagittarius on Friday, December 8, 2006 @ 12:52AM EST until 12/27/06. With Mercury's entry into Sagittarius we will briefly have 6 planets in the sign of the centaur. Although Venus will leave Sagittarius on 12/10, there will still be 5 planets in Sagittarius until 12/21/06. This grouping can bring a wild flurry of enthusiasm. It can also mean that one feels sharply the contrast between what one wants and what one is actually experiencing. In this odd way, melancholy can result. Jupiter ruling Sagittarius is also in Sagittarius and so will exaggerate the issues that are on the table for good or ill.
Sun/Sagittarius sextile (60deg.) Neptune in fixed, air Aquarius @ 17 deg. on Saturday, December 9, 2006 @ 12:44PM EST. This aspect allows for imagination, hope, enlightenment and the entertainment of ideas and ideals in a mixed medley of chaos. There are opportunities to solve social problems in a fresh and bold new way – that is, if one believes in the possibilities.
Mercury/Sagittarius conjunct Mars/Sagittarius @ 2deg. on Saturday, December 9, 2006 @ 9:28PM EST. Before you know it, those words are out of your mouth and once said, you can't recall them. This aspect speeds up the mind and the mental process, often resulting in motor-mouth or talking simply to be heard. In Sagittarius, there may be some hilarious story-telling or other great humorous banter. In any case, there is likely to be an equally good chance of exaggeration and embellishment for audience reaction. Thinking large can lead to living large and could mean taking unnecessary chances. Keep some semblance of practicality and enjoy the rest of the show!
NewsBits: The Pope travels for atonement! In an effort to mend the unfortunate comments about Mohammed made by the Pope in September, he traveled to Istanbul last Tuesday, the most secular of Muslim countries. Pope Benedict XVI is an active man with Aries Sun and Mars in loquacious Gemini. He defines his leadership and his persona with communication. In this case, and at this moment, Pope Benedict is attempting to undo the damage of a phrase that created uproar in the Muslim world. Sensitivities are raw in the world these days and certainly between Muslims and the rest of the world. The Pope is in need of educating himself to these realities and sensitivities. He can easily do this using the perceptiveness of his Pisces Ascendant conjunct Jupiter, with Mercury, also in Pisces. The trouble is that transiting Pluto/Sagittarius is poised to square this place in his chart, which means that the Pope's real opinions are sure to be cajoled from his private mind into the public eye. Stay tuned, this Pope will have much more to say, especially around the next Pluto station @ 28 Sagittarius on 4/1/07.
Leaked Memos: So what else is new? This astrologer is very clear that Moon phases work like a charm. Monday night's Full Moon is exact at 12 deg. Gemini, which is the precise degree of Donald Rumsfeld's Mars/Gemini! Is this a coincidence? Well, yes – a cosmic coincidence, but in the cosmos there is no such thing, there is however, serendipity in mathematical alignments! It is no surprise that this memo reveals the former Secretary of Defense having second or alternative thoughts about the chaos in Iraq – these in particular just days before the mid-term elections. The handwriting was on the wall, but it seems that Rumsfeld did not yet know that he was going to be the fall guy.
Civil War? It appears that the enmity between Shiites and Sunnis that has been accelerating for nearly a year is finally being called what it is – civil war. This newsletter has named it so, months ago. Perhaps the administration thought that by not calling it what it actually was – it would quietly morph into something else? Then again, when hundreds of Iraqis are senselessly murdered daily in sectarian violence, the truth has to be told. The chart for the start of the War in Iraq has the Sun @ 29 Pisces, a volatile and unpredictable degree, and Mercury sits @ 27 Pisces. Pluto/Sagittarius is getting closer and closer to squaring these two planets, which will bring unprecedented change. Uranus/Pisces reached the War Chart Ascendant @ 14 Pisces for the first time in May 2006 – and it is at that time that the intense enmity between the different Iraqi religious and political factions reached a more alarming and aggressive stage. Uranus made an exact station on this War Chart ascendant signaling the extreme nature of what was happening, and screaming for the truth to be acknowledged by the world.
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Academics vs. administrators: Who should rule the internationalisation roost?
Management, Policy & Strategy
By Maxine Clarke
At the EAIE Conference in Glasgow, one of the now traditional debate sessions took place with speakers, including myself, from 5 different countries fiercely debating the role of administrators and academics in the international arena. Who should hold sway and why? For those of you that have never attended an EAIE debate, the topics debated are current and relevant to the working environment of international education and the hope is that participants go away from the debate with new, thought-provoking ideas and stimulating arguments.
As with any debate, there are two opposing – and often extreme – sides and no room for 'sitting on the fence'. As my usual position on any issue is 'fence-sitting', I had to think long and hard about the arguments that I would put forward – I was debating on the side of the administrators – and it was a real challenge to have to argue definitively for one side of the argument. But it has made me consider this issue in a more evaluative light. I have over 20 years' experience as an academic with international administration responsibilities and have, periodically, railed against both academics and administrators who I perceived to be frustrating the course of internationalisation. Until the debate, however, I had no real reason to sit down and consider the issue.
Why should administrators rule the roost?
We have all heard the gripes and moans about administrators. Pen-pushers, desk-jockeys, etc and sometimes these stereotypes will reflect reality. I'm sure we've all experienced the jobs-worth who won't allow new initiatives to take place because of resource constraints, possible risk to university reputation, or because the initiative requires changing established practice. Yet, at the same time, administrators provide the systems and processes by which internationalisation works. We could not function without the solid practices and, in some cases, the restraining, cautious hand that administrators provide.
International administrators are, on the whole, knowledgeable, experienced and have an understanding of how each constituent part of internationalisation adds value to the university environment. Universities have changed dramatically in recent years. The emphasis is no longer so much on teaching, learning and research, but rather on hitting targets, raising income and saving money. And who best to do this than those who have been trained precisely to hit targets, raise income and save money?
In the complex world of higher education you need administrators to steer the ship of internationalisation, people whose targets are intrinsically linked to the targets of internationalisation and which are clearly defined (recruitment, Internationalisation at Home, etc). There is also, I feel, a difference between 'the administration' – a mythical behemoth that moves slowly and blocks new initiatives and the individual administrators who are usually trying to do their jobs to the best of their ability.
Why should academics rule the roost?
We have all come across them – the stuffy academic who sees no further than his/her own research agenda and wants to have a partnership with some small university in the middle of nowhere because he once met someone who works there – an academic so closeted in his/her own career-fulfilling world that s/he fails to see the bigger picture. But, as with administrators, most academics who work in internationalisation do so because they have knowledge and expertise in the field and because they believe in the value of the international experience. Even though the environment of higher education may have become more commercialised, the essence of our existence has not. Universities are there to push forward the boundaries of knowledge and provide environments for learning that reflect the world in which we live. Internationalisation is an integral part of that, and any new international activity has to be developed and assessed in light of quality assurance, excellence in teaching, benefits to the student experience and world-leading research. And who is best placed to determine these? Academics.
Am I still fence-sitting?
I have worked with some brilliant people in my time in internationalisation and not often taken into account whether they are academics or administrators – unless they annoyed me! Nevertheless, the ultimate success, prestige and reputation of a university is based on academic quality and not on administration. Therefore, I do believe that it is academics who should be ruling the internationalisation roost. It is the role of administration to provide the mechanisms to enable academic decisions to become reality. By this, I do not necessarily mean the whims of individual academics who want to pursue their own international interests, but collective academic decisions that are taken for the greater good of the university and that complement and enhance the international standing of the institution.
Clearly, administration should provide a steadying and supportive hand, but it should also be there to find ways to make things happen: a 'can do' attitude to internationalisation rather than a 'can't do because…' way of thinking. But academics can't work without administrators and vice versa. In reality, it's not about academics versus administrators, it's about committed, motivated, inspirational individuals and teams working together to push the international agenda and to provide cutting edge, stimulating, internationally aware environments in which students and staff can flourish.
Maxine is Director of International Programmes at Loughborough University School of Business and Economics, UK


We are getting into the holiday spirit over here with a few festive little decorations popping up around the house! I have to admit that I almost scrooge'd out on Christmas this year — the task of putting up a Christmas tree during month 9 of pregnancy (and perhaps taking it down with a newborn baby at home?) exhausted me just thinking about it. Luckily my husband pushed me to be a bit more spirited, particularly since my family is going to come and stay with us at the holidays for the first time ever! We got our tree last weekend and moved it into the living room — a new spot this year — so we could enjoy it from the comfort of our couch. Once it went up and I saw those twinkle lights click on and unwrapped my vintage ornament collection I was instantly happy I hung-up my grinch hat for something a bit more Buddy-The-Elf. I even added some holiday flair to the mantle with a bright garland message and a boxwood wreath. Now I just need to wrap up my presents and stick them under the tree to be officially Christmas-ready!
Goals, Growth, and Planning for the New Year. Holiday Hostess Gifts.
3 Responses to "Getting in the Holiday Spirit."
I bought the same Fa la la! pattern as stickers to seal all my holiday cards!


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School of Music > Faculty & Staff > Faculty A-Z > Natasha Bogojevich
Natasha Bogojevich
nbogojev@depaul.edu
Natasha Bogojevich studied composition in Belgrade with Srdjan Hofman, graduated with a thesis on nonlinear time in music composition for symphony orchestra titled Circulus vitiosus. She also studied piano, chamber, electronic and computer music with Vladan Radovanovic and Neil Rolnick at the Radio Belgrade Electronic Studio and attended Master Classes for Film Music with Ennio Simeon. Her musical background consists of various interrelated activities in the area of traditional and electronic music, multimedia, performance art and sound design for visual media (theater, film, TV and commercials).
Ms. Bogojevich is a former Assistant Professor of composition at the University of Music in Belgrade. She was also a collaborator in Belgrade TV - Cultural Production. Since 2003, Natasha has been on the faculty of DePaul University, where she teaches the courses Understanding Music and Intro to Composition.
Natasha's compositions include works for symphony orchestra, solo instruments, chamber ensembles, choral and vocal pieces, electronic and computer music, ballet and numerous scores for film and stage music. She is the recipient of many awards for composition in former Yugoslavia (October Prize of the City of Belgrade, Josip Slavenski, Radio Belgrade, Association of Composers of Serbia) Awarded the top prize at the UNESCO's Rostrum of Composers in Paris, her chamber composition Formes differntes de Sonneries de la Rose+Croix was broadcast throughout the world.
Most recently her new works premiered by the New York Miniaturist Ensemble, Versus Vox Ensemble, Amarone String Quartet and Demetrius Spaneas who commissioned a piece for woodwinds, electronic and film to present during his year long Euro-Asian tour.
In October/November 2007 Natasha's music was presented at the prestigious Belgrade Music Festival, The Long Night of Chamber Music 190 Years of Brandenburger Theatre in Brandenburg and Berlin, Versicherungskammer Bayernin in Munich, AmBul Festival in Sofia and International Rostrum of Composers. She also composed original music for Chicago Theatre Productions (Chopin Theatre, The Utopian Theatre Asylum, BackStage Theatre Co. etc.) and written original scores for indie feature films "Where It Gets You" and "Black Mail" which premiered in 2008.


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Amazon Prime VideoReviewsTV
UK TV review: Roadies (Episode 1 and 2)
Actors trying to elevate material
The material that needs elevating
Say Anything Else
Josh Slater-Williams | On 07, Jul 2016
There comes a time in every music lover's life where an artist or band they once idolised, or at least reaped significant enjoyment from, starts to sag artistically to a degree you can no longer support. A lot of the time it's not even due to a calamitous change of artistic direction or some scandal outside of the work impacting your appreciation. The beats and notes are still there, they're just stale, because the grip on their skills and understanding of them has deteriorated with time. What was once idiosyncratic and inspiring becomes someone going-through-the-motions with increasingly inferior results. Some artists just seem destined only to be meaningful for a particular time, and when they hang around too long, their hesitance or refusal to update their formula in a meaningful way ends up losing many to whom they were once so important.
It happens with film, too. Quentin Tarantino is very vocal about not wanting to be one of those directors who hang around too long. But it seems relevant to bring up music first regarding the creative force behind television series Roadies: Cameron Crowe, the man behind Almost Famous and curator of some of the most beloved film soundtracks of the last couple of decades.
Largely in part to his own background in music journalism (as detailed in the semi-autobiographical Almost Famous), Crowe is a filmmaker who makes a love of music and its power a key part of a significant chunk of his filmography as a writer-director. And another defining aspect of his works is a palpable sincerity and generosity of spirit. In recent years, with the likes of We Bought a Zoo and Aloha, that sincerity has lapsed into what many would label as corniness or shameless, shallow emotional manipulation. Despite being a theoretical return to the mode of Almost Famous, the register of Roadies, which Crowe writes and directs, is unfortunately consistent with the latter efforts.
As indicated by the title, Roadies is concerned with the crew behind the scenes of a touring stadium rock group, and each episode follows their journey to a new city, with the first two episodes stopping off at New Orleans and Memphis. Unlike HBO's Vinyl from earlier this year, Crowe – perhaps wisely – holds back from showing/playing you the music of the fictional band that has everybody in thrall, in this case a group called The Staton-House Band that you get the impression is a blend of Kings of Leon, Foo Fighters, and the fictional Stillwater from Almost Famous. Unlike Vinyl, Roadies is set in the present day, as it is wont to remind you with oh-so-many references to social media and Taylor Swift.
It's pretty firmly stuck in the past too, however. Like Crowe, most of the older characters are riding on past glories. You have a legendary roadie played by Ron White, who seems to be there mostly to rail off a list of legendary acts from the rock pantheon that Crowe considers worthy. You have Luke Wilson's tour manager, Bill, and Carla Gugino's production manager, Shelli, who have a sort of 'will they, won't they' relationship that's based on frequently referencing past events and unseen characters, but there's never a successful depiction of actual inner lives there.
Among the younger members of the ensemble, you have Imogen Poots' Kelly Ann, an aspiring filmmaker toying with leaving the crew to pursue a confirmed place at a New York film school, partly because she doesn't feel inspired by the band's music anymore (hey, that sounds familiar). In line with the show's proclivity towards namedropping as a means of characterisation, the second episode sees her reference having been emailed by Spike Lee about her short film. Based on the sense we're given of her short film, it seems possible that Crowe is severely underestimating Spike Lee's judgement.
At this point, it's worth considering the validity of picking on Roadies solely within the bubble of Crowe's past glories. Is it only bad because he used to do so much better? Well, no. While a lot of the problems on display are consistent with the quality trajectory of the show's chief creative force, the first two episodes showcase dodgy material that sticks out like a sore thumb, even outside of the auteurist echo chamber. The first one, in particular, is home to an embarrassing subplot concerning a stalker that veers so strongly into misogyny that the only reason it's unlikely to inspire a thousand think-pieces is that most people might struggle to even get that far into the episode.
Elsewhere, there's a fundamental problem with practically every character operating as little more than a vessel for grandiose statements regarding the power of music. It's not even just the aforementioned Ron White character, whose prominence is trimmed significantly between episodes: almost everyone comes across as a lecturer on the history of rock music, even to fellow employees whom you'd think would be pretty clued in. Rafe Spall's new management lackey, brought in to keep tabs on the budget, is depicted as a figure of hate and mockery for the established crew because he doesn't get the music (maaaaannnn), but he's really the only one on screen who resembles anything close to a fully-rounded person; he's the only one whose primary mode of communication isn't grand gestures and pompous rhapsodising. With Roadies, Crowe definitely manages to get across a sense of community, but he hasn't populated it with recognisable humans.
Roadies is available to watch online in the UK exclusively on Amazon Prime Video.
Photo: Katie Yu/SHOWTIME
Cameron Crowe Roadies
UK TV review: Preacher Season 1, Episode 6 (Sundowner)
VOD film review: The Witch
Cameron Crowe's Roadies cancelled after first season... September 17, 2016 | James R
Amazon will be the UK TV home of Cameron Crowe's Roadies... July 1, 2016 | James R


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