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Justia Patents US Patent for Load balancing of connections to parallel servers Patent (Patent # 5,740,371)
Load balancing of connections to parallel servers
Mar 18, 1996 - IBM
A system and method for facilitating compatibility with a prior process used for connecting a user terminal to a selected server in a system having a plurality of servers. The prior process has the server perform a task on behalf of the terminal. The system includes a server determination process for retrieving from storage a table of data identifying the servers, and for determining an address currently associated with each server. Then, a chooser process enables the user to select from the table, one of said servers for connection to the terminal with a connection process, responsive to a signal from the terminal, that initiates a connection of the terminal to the selected server. The plurality of servers in the system includes at least one parallel server comprised of multiple processors. The data in the table identifying the parallel server is a generic identifier, and a process is employed, which preferably uses predetermined dynamic criteria, to periodically associate a specific processor of the parallel server with that generic name. To enable the load to be balanced across the plural processors of the parallel server, the server determination process is adapted to recognize any generic identifier in the table, and to determine the address associated with that generic identifier after a user selection of the parallel server corresponding to that generic identifier has been made.
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The present invention relates to the connection of computer terminals to server computers so as to enable the server computers to perform tasks on behalf of the terminals. In particular, the present invention provides a technique for enabling connections to be made between terminals and a server having a plurality of parallel processors so as to balance the load across those parallel processors. Such a server will be referred to hereafter as a parallel server.
The present invention applies to a type of terminal which shall be referred to hereafter as a `dumb` terminal. Typically a dumb terminal, when in use, will have software installed on it to provide presentation logic to manage interaction between the terminal and its user. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, this would typically take the form of a graphical user interface (GUI). However, the dumb terminal may not have all the functionality it requires installed thereon, and must therefore call upon the services of other machines to perform additional processing. For this purpose, the terminals will be connectable via a network, such as a LAN running Ethernet, to other computer systems which can act as servers for these terminals.
In some circumstances a dumb terminal may be configured to always connect to a particular server, or in other cases the dumb terminal may be connected to one of a plurality of different servers. In the latter case the choice of server may be made when the dumb terminal is switched on or reset. The process of choosing a server may optionally involve the use of an intermediate entity on the network to manage the connection of the terminal to a suitable server. This intermediate entity may be a separate server or may be one of the servers to which the dumb terminal may connect.
One example of a dumb terminal is an X terminal, this being a graphical display terminal which runs the presentation logic for the X Window System (a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology). An X terminal must be connected to a server which has the X Window system installed to enable the server to run X Window programs which provide the processing support required by the X terminal.
There are three distinct methods of establishing a connection between an X terminal and a server, these being called `direct`, `indirect` and `broadcast`. A `direct` connection indicates that the X terminal has been configured to always connect to the same server, in which case there is no need for an intermediate entity to assist in selection of a server. A `broadcast` connection indicates that the X terminal may connect to any available server on the network, and once again there is no need for an intermediate entity to assist in selection of a server. An `indirect` connection indicates that the X terminal will initially contact an intermediate entity, hereafter called the XDMCP host, which runs a program called XDM which will assist the X terminal in the selection of a server. The role of XDMCP host may be performed by any of the servers to which the X terminal may ultimately connect, or it may be performed by a machine which is not within that set of servers.
Where an indirect connection is used, the XDMCP host contains a list of possible servers in its configuration files. When the XDM program is started on the XDMCP host, the names of any servers in the list are read, and their network addresses are determined by referring to name server facilities available over the network. Subsequently, when a particular server from the list is selected, the address information can be retrieved and the connection made. The time at which the resolution of names to addresses occurs is important, as will become apparent from the following discussion.
If one or more of the servers is a parallel server, then a specific processor within the server has to be selected to handle the processing required by the terminal. In order to maximise the efficiency of use of a parallel server it is desirable to balance the load across the processors as evenly as possible. Part of this load will be attributable to tasks performed to support terminals connected to the parallel server. It is desirable to balance this particular type of load by automatically connecting a terminal to the least heavily loaded processor of the parallel server.
There are several approaches that have been developed which attempt to balance the load on processors of a parallel server. A brief taxonomy of these includes:
a) Static balancing
b) Dynamic balancing
i) per-session (session granularity)
ii) migratable (sub-session granularity)
Static balancing requires the administrator of the server to estimate the distribution of loads across the parallel server, and attempt to even out the load via permanent associations between clients (such as terminals) and the processors of the parallel server. This is appropriate in some circumstances, but has obvious disadvantages when compared to dynamic systems which will adapt to the changing loads on the server processors.
Dynamic load balancing can be achieved by using a `per-session` load balancing technique. This type of dynamic load balancing is performed at creation of a session or submission of a job, and the affiliation between the client machine and the server lasts for the duration of the session or job. Currently research is being carried out into `migratable` dynamic load balancing techniques, where jobs can be migrated from one server processor to another at any stage during their processing, in response to a change in load across the processors of the server.
Published European Patent application EP0,648,038 describes a `per-session` dynamic load balancing technique to enable the load on a parallel server to be balanced across the various processors (or computers) forming the server. When a program on a client computer wishes to connect to a processor of the parallel server, it communicates with a data processing system, often called a name server, to obtain the network address (such as the IP address if using TCP) for the desired server. According to the technique described in EP0,648,038, decision logic is provided to periodically study the processors or computers in the parallel server and, based on some configurable criteria, to select one of those processors. The configurable criteria can be chosen such that the least heavily loaded processor at the time the criteria are applied will be selected by the decision logic. The address for this processor is then associated with a generic server name in storage available to the name server, so that each time a client program requests a machine address using the generic server name, it is given the address of the processor in the parallel server that was most recently chosen by the decision logic. For more details of this technique, reference should be made to EP0,648,038.
This arrangement works satisfactorily if the determination of the address from the generic server name occurs at the time that the client program wishes to access the parallel server. However, with the dumb terminals described above, this is not generally the ease since the addresses of the various servers available to the terminals are usually determined at some earlier point in time, for example during initialisation of the intermediate entity (eg the XDM program on the XDMCP host in the X terminal example given earlier). In certain connection modes, these addresses are then used by the intermediate entity to contact each server to establish its state of readiness, prior to presentation of a list of available servers to the user of the dumb terminal.
When one or more of the available servers is a parallel server, the above approach means that the user is only given the option of connecting to some earlier-determined processor of the parallel server, this not necessarily being the least heavily loaded at the time the user wishes to connect the X terminal to that server.
Since the software used to manage the connection of the terminal to a suitable server is typically large and complex, it is not generally practical for the users of such software to make any direct alterations to the software. Considering the X terminal example, in which the design of the XDM program is based almost entirely on network addresses rather than domain names, it is not desirable to alter the XDM code to defer resolution of the network addresses of the servers until the time that an X terminal wishes to connect to a server. Such alterations to the XDM code could cause complications for other processes performed by the XDM program, for example affecting XDM's ability to support other existing connection strategies.
Hence, it is an object of the present invention to alleviate the above described problems, so as to enable connections to be made between a dumb terminal and a parallel server in a manner which balances the load across the processors of the parallel server. Furthermore, in preferred embodiments, this should be achieved without requiring modification of the main program used by the intermediate entity to assist in selection of a server (eg the XDM program in the X terminal example).
Viewed from a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for facilitating connection of a terminal to a server to enable the server to perform a task on behalf of the terminal, there being a plurality of servers which the terminal may connect to, and the system comprising: server determination means for retrieving from a storage means data identifying the plurality of servers, and for referencing an address conversion means to determine an address currently associated with each server; chooser means for providing information about the plurality of servers to the terminal, the terminal being arranged to display this information so as to enable the user to select one of said servers for connection to the terminal; and connection means, responsive to a signal from the terminal indicating a user selection of one of said servers, to initiate connection of the terminal to the selected server; the system being characterised by: at least one of the plurality of servers having multiple processors, the data in the storage means identifying that server being a generic identifier for the processors within that server; the address conversion means having means for periodically identifying one of the processors of that server based on predetermined criteria, and for updating the information in the address conversion means such that at any instant in time, the address associated with the generic identifier is the address of the identified processor; the server determination means being adapted to recognise any generic identifier, and to reference the address conversion means to determine the address associated with that generic identifier after a user selection of the server corresponding to that generic identifier has been made.
Preferably, the chooser means is adapted to identify a user selection of a server represented by a generic identifier, and to respond to such a user selection by instructing the server determination means to reference the address conversion means to determine the address associated with that generic identifier. In preferred embodiments, the server determination means is incorporated within the chooser means.
The information displayed to the user of the X terminal about the plurality of servers can take various forms. However, in preferred embodiments, the chooser means is arranged such that, upon retrieval by the server determination means of data identifying the plurality of servers, the chooser means contacts any of said servers which are not identified by a generic identifier to determine whether they are able to manage a connection with the terminal, but does not contact prior to user selection any server identified by a generic identifier, the information thus displayed on the terminal identifying any servers with generic identifiers, in addition to any other servers which the chooser means has determined are able to manage the connection with the terminal.
It will be apparent that the generic identifier identifying a server having multiple processors can take any suitable form. For instance, to enable such generic identifiers to be recognised by the server determination means, a prefix can be included in the generic identifier, or alternatively the data in the storage means can be arranged such that all servers having multiple processors are contained in a sub-list identified by some predetermined identifier. In preferred embodiments, the generic identifier has a keyword associated with it.
The present invention is generally applicable to the balancing of dumb terminal connections to parallel servers. However, in preferred embodiments, the terminal is an X terminal arranged to run the presentation logic for the X Window system, and the server determination means, chooser means and connection means are provided on an XDMCP host computer arranged to run the XDM program.
Viewed from a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of facilitating connection of a terminal to a server to enable the server to perform a task on behalf of the terminal, there being a plurality of servers which the terminal may connect to, and the method comprising the steps of: (a) retrieving from a storage means data identifying the plurality of servers, and referencing an address conversion means to determine an address currently associated with each server; (b) employing a chooser means to provide information about the plurality of servers to the terminal, the terminal being arranged to display this information so as to enable the user to select one of said servers for connection to the terminal; and (c) in response to a signal from the terminal indicating a user selection of one of said servers, initiating connection of the terminal to the selected server; at least one of the plurality of servers having multiple processors, and the method being characterised by the steps of: (d) for a server having multiple processors, identifying that server in the storage means by use of a generic identifier for the processors within that server; (e) providing the address conversion means with means for periodically identifying one of the processors of that server based on predetermined criteria, and for updating the information in the address conversion means such that at any instant in time, the address associated with the generic identifier is the address of the identified processor; (f) recognising at step (a) any generic identifier, and deferring the referencing of the address conversion means to determine the address associated with that generic identifier until after a user selection of the server corresponding to that generic identifier has been made.
The present invention will be described further, by way of example only, with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the process employed by a typical XDMCP host to effect a connection between an X terminal and a server; and
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating how the general process described with reference to FIG. 2 is adapted in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment, we will consider the example of an X terminal which is connectable via Ethernet to one of several available servers, at least one of which is a parallel server. In particular, the preferred embodiment is described with reference to the connection of IBM Xstation 130 terminals to a parallel server using an IBM RISC System/6000 XDMCP host. These X terminals, like many other recent examples of X terminals, use the Enhanced X-Window Display Manager Control Protocol. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the description is not dependent on the particular hardware and software being used, and is generally applicable to other arrangements where terminals are to be connected to parallel servers.
Static balancing of X terminal sessions can be achieved by permanently assigning each X terminal to a particular server via "direct" connection configuration; the various types of connection will be discussed in more detail later. The advantage of such a configuration is that it is simple to set up and, provided there are enough X terminals, can provide a statistically good balance. However, there may be situations where such an arrangement cannot maintain good efficiency and the loads on the server processors can become heavily skewed, due to differing work patterns and job sizes.
Dynamic balancing is preferable in most cases, but this requires the ability to connect any X terminal to any server processor, and to make that selection with regard to the prevailing loads across the server. Ideally such a system should be transparent to the user.
Attempts to automatically balance X terminal connections to a parallel server using the balancing technique described in EP0,648,038 (we shall refer to this hereafter as `DNS balancing`, where DNS stands for "Domain Name System") have shown to fail to provide a good distribution of load. The reason for this is that the XDM program in the XDMCP host resolves the server names before connections to the servers are actually requested, and therefore the measured loads on the parallel processors do not accurately reflect the load at the time that a terminal wishes to connect to the server, but rather that which prevailed at the earlier point when XDM is started on the XDMCP host, when the loads may have been very different.
Before discussing how the preferred embodiment of the present invention solves this problem, a brief description of how an X terminal is generally booted and connected with an XDMCP host shall be given.
There are a number of ways in which an X terminal can be started up, depending on how the booting is organised and how the X terminal is configured. The following description is of a typical startup sequence.
The terminal sends a boot request, which is received by any boot servers on the network. Each boot server sends back a boot response, the first such response to arrive typically determining which boot server will be used, and any subsequent responses being ignored. The boot response typically includes information which tells the X terminal what ip-address it should adopt, and supplies other information including the location of a suitable bootfile and the means to use in order to receive the bootfile. The bootfile is an executable image which will be run by the X terminal, and which usually includes the presentation logic to display X-Windows (hereafter referred to as the XServer). Once the X terminal has received the bootfile, it loads it into memory and runs it. It is usual for the X terminal to then load further files from the boot server, which contain information including configuration details (eg. connection mode), colour definitions and font definitions.
Having been booted, the X terminal can then attach to a server, the method used depending on the configuration of the X terminal in the configuration files. As described earlier, if a `direct` connection is configured, the X terminal is informed of the identity of the server to which the X terminal must connect, whilst if a `broadcast` connection is configured, the X terminal broadcasts a connection request over the network, this request being responded to by any servers on the network which are able to manage the X terminal session. If, however, an `indirect` connection is configured, the X terminal will be informed of the identity of the XDMCP host which the X terminal must contact and which will assist in determining which servers are available. It is the processing that occurs when an `indirect` connection is configured that is of interest in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore the following description concentrates on the case where an XDMCP host is involved.
A general description of the process employed when an X terminal connects to a server in indirect mode will now be provided with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The X terminal 20 has one or more input devices connected to it, such as a keyboard 40, to allow a user to provide input to the terminal. Further the X terminal has a display device 30 on which information can be displayed to the user. The X terminal is connected to an Ethernet 50 to enable it to communicate with other machines such as the servers 60, 70, 80, and an XDMCP host 10. As mentioned earlier, once booted, the X terminal can connect to the XDMCP host 10 over the Ethernet 50.
If an X terminal determines on the basis of its configuration information that an indirect connection is configured (step 200), then at step 210, it sends a query to the XDMCP host 10 that is identified in the X terminal's configuration files. When such a query is received, the XDM program 12 running on the XDMCP host 10 employs a server determination routine 14 at step 220 to access a storage device 90 in which a file called an Xaccess file is stored. The Xaccess file includes an entry identifying a set of servers which could be used to manage the session with each X terminal that is configured for indirect connection. This entry is generally called a hostlist entry in the Xaccess file.
At the time the XDM program 12 was started on the XDMCP host, the XDM program 12 will typically have accessed any hostlist entries, and used the server determination means 14 to determine the network address of any server identified in a hostlist. This determination is performed by the server determination means 14 contacting name server facilities 92 available over the network, which resolve the server names to their IP addresses.
This having been done, then at the time when the X terminal 20 connects to the XDMCP host 10, the XDM program 12 spawns a `Chooser` program 16 at step 230, providing the chooser 16 with the earlier-resolved addresses for the servers in the hostlist. The chooser 16 then sends, at step 240, a query to the addresses for each server in the hostlist entry, requesting the servers to verify that they are able to manage the X terminal session. Based on the replies from these servers received at step 250, the Chooser 16 updates a list of available hosts, which is sent to the X terminal and is displayed as a menu on the display device 30 at step 260. In this menu, the user can see the name of each available server together with a message indicating its willingness to support a connection from the X terminal (usually the message "Willing to Manage"). From the menu the user can select one of the available servers to connect to, the available servers being those which have verified that they are willing to manage the session.
Once the user has chosen one of the servers in the list, the chooser retrieves the address corresponding to that server, this address having already been determined at some preceding point in time (when the XDM program was started on the XDMCP host). Then, at step 270, the chooser employs a connection means 18 to contact the selected server at that address, requesting it to establish a connection with the X terminal.
The above is a general description of how an XDMCP host would operate when not using the technique of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. There are several publications that provide a more detailed description of the XDMCP host and its mode of operation, for example Volume 3 of "The X Window System Users Guide for X.11 R3 and R4" by Valerie Quercia and Tim O'Reilly, published by O'Reilly and Associates.
The above approach works fine when the possible servers in the hostlist entry are not parallel servers. However, if one or more parallel servers are used, then the above technique does not enable the load from such terminal connections to be evenly spread across the processors of a parallel server, even if a load balancing technique such as the earlier described DNS balancing technique is being used. The manner in which the system of the preferred embodiment overcomes this problem will now be described with reference to FIG. 3, which shows how the process carried out by the chooser 16 is altered in the preferred embodiment.
As already mentioned, when the `indirect` connection mode is used, the XDMCP host 12 runs a Chooser 16, the chooser being selectable by use of the DisplayManager.DISPLAY.chooser resource in the xdm-config file. According to the preferred embodiment, an altered chooser is provided, which we shall refer to hereafter as the `multipleX chooser`. By employing this chooser, the benefits of the present invention can be realised whilst using a standard XDM program on the XDMCP host.
The manner in which the multiplex chooser operates will now be described with reference to FIG. 3. As previously mentioned, the XDM program will already have resolved server names in the hostlist entries of the Xaccess file to their IP addresses at the time that the XDM program was started on the XDMCP host 10. When an X terminal contacts the XDMCP host, and the multiplex chooser is spawned, the chooser discards the list of addresses provided to it by the XDM program (step 310), but retains the list of server names contained in the hostlist. At step 320, the chooser then sets a list index to the first entry in the hostlist, and determines at step 330 whether the server name at this entry is prefixed by some predetermined indicator which identifies the server as a parallel server. In preferred embodiments, this predetermined indicator is the term "BALANCED".
If the server name is not prefixed by the "BALANCED" indicator, then the process proceeds to step 340, where the nameserver is contacted to resolve that server name to its IP address. Next, at step 350, the chooser sends a query to the server requesting it to send a response verifying that it is able to manage the X terminal session. The process then passes to step 360, where it is determined whether the list index is at the last entry in the hostlist. If it is not the list index is incremented at step 370, and the process loops back to step 330.
If at step 330, the "BALANCED" indicator does prefix the server name at the entry of the hostlist being considered, then this causes the multipleX chooser to defer resolution of the server name until later. Instead, the chooser adds the server name to the list it is creating for presentation to the X terminal user (step 335). The list can be displayed to the X terminal user immediately, or alternatively, the list can be presented after it is determined at step 360 that all servers in the hostlist have been considered. In either case, servers queried at step 350 will be added to the list as their responses are received by the chooser.
Whichever approach is employed, then at step 380 the current list contents prepared by the chooser will be presented to the X terminal user. As responses are received at step 390 from the servers queried at step 350, the list is updated (step 400). Any non-balanced servers which indicate at step 390 that they are willing to manage the X terminal session appear with the usual status indication of "Willing to Manage", but any balanced servers have a status indication of "Balanced Server". It is important to note that the non-balanced servers have at this stage already been resolved to IP addresses, whereas the Balanced Servers have not. This allows the administrator to introduce a generic name for a group of IP addresses (such as the nodes of an IBM 9076 SP2 Balanced server), which is only resolved when the user actually selects the name, and connects. Therefore, the hostlist may be as follows:
%hostlist server1 server2 BALANCED SP2 server3
The list created by the chooser and presented to the user would then include the following information:
SP2               Balanced Server
server1           Willing to Manage
If, at step 410, the user chooses any of server1, server2 or server3, then it will be determined at step 420 that the server name has already been resolved, and the process will proceed to step 430, where the connection means 18 contacts the server to request a connection to be made with the X terminal. If, however, the user chooses SP2, then the multipleX Chooser determines at step 420 that the server name has not been resolved, and the process proceeds to step 440. Here, the name server facility is contacted in order to resolve the generic server name to an IP address. If the name server 92 is using a DNS Balancer 94 of the type discussed earlier with reference to EP0,648,038, then the generic name will automatically be resolved to the processor of the parallel server which is least heavily loaded at that time. This having been done, the process then proceeds to step 430, where that processor is contacted to request a connection to be made with the X terminal.
The advantage of this approach is that by using the technique described in published European Patent application EP0,648,038 (a DNS name balancing system) and configuring a pool called "SP2", the IP address which the name "SP2" resolves to will be the least heavily loaded SP2 node at the time that the user chooses to login to the SP2. Thus, a number of X terminal users will be balanced across the SP2 nodes. This is not the case if a standard prior art chooser is employed, since the generic name SP2 would then be resolved to the IP address of the least heavily loaded processor at the time that the XDM program is started on the XDMCP host 10, this not necessarily being the least heavily loaded processor at the time that an X terminal wishes to connect to the parallel server. Further, the above technique only requires the chooser to be altered, leaving the XDM code in its original form. Since choosers can easily be changed merely by selection from within the DisplayManager.DISPLAY.chooser resource, the above approach enables the problem of load balancing to be solved without requiring the XDM program itself to be amended, and hence without affecting any other processes that might be supported by the XDM program.
The specification of non-balanced servers in %hostlist can be by either IP address or Domain Name, but balanced parallel servers MUST be identified using Domain Names. It is hence advisable to identify all servers by fully qualified domain names.
From the above description it is clear that, in order to maximise the efficiency of use of a parallel server, it is desirable to balance as evenly as possible across the processors of a parallel server the load arising from the support of X terminals. The preferred embodiment of the present invention balances this load by transparently connecting an X terminal to the least heavily loaded processor of the parallel server. This `balancing` of X terminal connections is achieved in the preferred embodiment by the use of domain names for the parallel server(s), deferred resolution by the Chooser, and the use of a DNS balancer. The technique described continues to provide support for existing connection strategies for normal (uniprocessor) servers, but provides the additional facility to balance logins for parallel servers. The criteria for balancing are under the control of the system administrator.
1. A system for facilitating connection of a terminal (20) to a server (60, 70, 80) to enable the server to perform a task on behalf of the terminal, there being a plurality of servers which the terminal may connect to, and the system comprising:
server determination means (14) for retrieving from a storage means (90) data identifying the plurality of servers, and for referencing an address conversion means (92, 94) to determine an address currently associated with each server;
chooser means (16) for providing information about the plurality of servers to the terminal, the terminal being arranged to display this information so as to enable the user to select one of said servers for connection to the terminal; and
connection means (18), responsive to a signal from the terminal indicating a user selection of one of said servers, to initiate connection of the terminal to the selected server;
the system being characterised by:
at least one of the plurality of servers having multiple processors, the data in the storage means (90) identifying that server being a generic identifier for the processors within that server;
the address conversion means (92, 94) having means (94) for periodically identifying one of the processors of that server based on predetermined criteria, and for updating the information in the address conversion means such that at any instant in time, the address associated with the generic identifier is the address of the identified processor; and
the server determination means (14) being adapted to recognise any generic identifier, and to reference the address conversion means to determine the address associated with that generic identifier after a user selection of the server corresponding to that generic identifier has been made.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chooser means (16) is adapted to identify a user selection of a server represented by a generic identifier, and to respond to such a user selection by instructing the server determination means (14) to reference the address conversion means (92, 94) to determine the address associated with that generic identifier.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the server determination means (14) is incorporated within the chooser means (16).
4. A system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein, upon retrieval by the server determination means (14) of data identifying the plurality of servers, the chooser means (16) is arranged to contact any of said servers which are not identified by a generic identifier to determine whether they are able to manage a connection with the terminal, but not to contact prior to user selection any server identified by a generic identifier, the information thus displayed on the terminal identifying any servers with generic identifiers, in addition to any other servers which the chooser means (16) has determined are able to manage the connection with the terminal.
5. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generic identifier has a keyword associated with it.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal is an X terminal arranged to run the presentation logic for the X Window system.
7. A system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the server determination means (14), chooser means (16) and connection means (18) are provided on an XDMCP host computer (10) arranged to run the XDM program.
8. A method of facilitating connection of a terminal (20) to a server (60, 70, 80) to enable the server to perform a task on behalf of the terminal, there being a plurality of servers which the terminal may connect to, and the method comprising the steps of:
a) retrieving from a storage means (90) data identifying the plurality of servers, and referencing an address conversion means (92, 94) to determine an address currently associated with each server;
b) employing a chooser means (16) to provide information about the plurality of servers to the terminal, the terminal being arranged to display this information so as to enable the user to select one of said servers for connection to the terminal; and
c) in response to a signal from the terminal indicating a user selection of one of said servers, initiating connection of the terminal to the selected server;
at least one of the plurality of servers having multiple processors, and the method being characterised by the steps of:
d) for a server having multiple processors, identifying that server in the storage means (90) by use of a genetic identifier for the processors within that server;
e) providing the address conversion means (92, 94) with means (94) for periodically identifying one of the processors of that server based on predetermined criteria, and for updating the information in the address conversion means such that at any instant in time, the address associated with the generic identifier is the address of the identified processor; and
f) recognising at step (a) any genetic identifier, and deferring the referencing of the address conversion means (92, 94) to determine the address associated with that generic identifier until after a user selection of the server corresponding to that generic identifier has been made.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the step of adapting the chooser means (16) to identify a user selection of a server represented by a generic identifier, and to respond to such a user selection by causing the address conversion means (92, 94) to be referenced to determine the address associated with that generic identifier.
10. A method as claimed in claims 8 or claim 9, wherein, upon retrieval at step (a) of data identifying the plurality of servers, the chooser means (16) contacts any of said servers which are not identified by a generic identifier to determine whether they are able to manage a connection with the terminal, but does not contact prior to user selection any server identified by a genetic identifier, the information thus displayed on the terminal at step (b) identifying any servers with generic identifiers, in addition to any other servers which the chooser means (16) has determined are able to manage the connection with the terminal.
0648038 April 1995 EPX
2281793 March 1995 GBX
Filed: Mar 18, 1996
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
Inventor: Graham Derek Wallis (Locks Heath)
Primary Examiner: Alyssa H. Bowler
Assistant Examiner: Scott Juneau
Attorney: W. A. Kinnaman, Jr.
Current U.S. Class: 395/20059; 395/20056; 395/412; 395/20065
International Classification: G06F 1516; H04L 1226;


Grade 9-12 students at CPHS were held spellbound by a modest Canadian legend on Wednesday. Elizabeth Manley detailed her challenging rise in the skating world and described the almost insurmountable events that almost prevented her from becoming an Olympic silver medallist. Manley faced many challenges along the way including her parents' break-up, the loss of coaches, challenges from the media, terrible living conditions, poverty, and clinical depression, right up until the last 24 hours before her long program at the Calgary Olympics which cemented her position as a Canadian legend. Along the way she was buoyed by the message from her mother that everything happens for a reason and a fierce spirit of determination.
The school would like to express it profound thanks to Elizabeth for her inspirational story and to the Carleton Place Drug Strategy Committee for their sponsorship of the event.


text:
Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World (MP3 CD)
By Haruki Murakami, Alfred Birnbaum (Translator), Adam Sims (Read by)
Information is everything in Hard-boiled Wonderland. A specialist encrypter is attacked by thugs with orders from an unknown source, is chased by invisible predators, and dates an insatiably hungry librarian who never puts on weight. In the End of the World a new arrival is learning his role as dream-reader. But there is something eerily disquieting about the changeless nature of the town and its fable-like inhabitants. Told in alternate chapters, the two stories converge and combine to create a novel that is surreal, beautiful, thrilling, and extraordinary.
Publisher: Naxos Audiobooks on Brilliance Audio
Publication Date: May 17th, 2016
Paperback (March 2nd, 1993): $16.95
Paperback (Chinese) (July 31st, 2018): $40.56
Paperback (Japanese) (April 1st, 2010): $26.40
Compact Disc (April 1st, 2010): $69.28

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Published at Thursday, February 28th, 2019 - 16:46:16 PM. Birthday Invitations. By Bobine Allocca.
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As the price war heats up among Android smartphone makers, LG plans to unveil a number of new mid-range models at the Mobile World Congress tradeshow in Barcelona next week in a bid to carve out its share in the cutthroat market.
The South Korean electronics maker plans to launch four new smartphones for "price sensitive" consumers in countries like Brazil and other markets, it said in a statement Monday.
Two of the models—called the LG Magna, and LG Spirit—will come with slightly curved-screens, as part of the company's strategy to adopt more premium features into its cheaper models to better compete in the market for smartphones priced roughly below$400 without a contract.
LG didn't disclose the price of the new smartphones.
LG has previously enjoyed a relatively strong presence in South America than other markets, making the region an important market for sustaining its less-than-5% global market share in smartphones.
Despite eking out a profit in the fourth quarter, LG's global smartphone market share slipped to 4.3% from 4.4% a year-ago, as low-cost Chinese maker Xiaomi zoomed past LG, placing the Korean maker in sixth place, according to Counterpoint Research.
LG is also aggressively revamping its smartwatch lineup.
A person familiar with the matter said in January that LG plans to release a new smartwatch that can make calls without having to be linked to a smartphone early this year. Samsung Electronics last year introduced a smartwatch that supports 3G connectivity, called the Gear S.
Ultra Slim Fit Cover Snap on over your iPhone 6 / 6S (4.7 inch) .
NakedShield Ultra-Slim Jacket Cover Case protect your iPhone 6 / 6S (4.7 inch) without the Bulk from a Thick and Big Armor Case.
All images on Case are Digital Printed with ECOINK in USA by NakedShield.
What new phone is coming out.
@M∀T Rodriguez: When I come back to school after the break, around a third of my classmates probably have new phones. I'm happy with mine, but just saying.
@2 Leiz: or til black friday 2016 come around and i see a deal too good to pass. been fiending for one of them new galaxy note phones.


text:
Riddles for food
If you like to cook and taste, these riddles for food are for you. Guess what?
Riddles for food: 1. This dessert was created in honor of the Russian prima ballerina, after one of her tours in Australia and New Zealand in the 1920s.
a) Maja;
b) Pavlova;
c) Anastasia.
Riddles for food: 2. The legendary drink of the gods of Olympus preserving eternal youth:
a) ragweed;
b) nectar;
c) mead.
Riddles for food: 3. The world's most expensive spice used by the world's finest chefs:
a) vanilla pods;
b) saffron;
c) cardamom.
Riddles for food: 4. The most poisonous, edible fish in the world:
a) fugu;
b) arctic char;
c) piranha.
Riddles for food: 5. In 1510, after the conquest of Mexico, the Spaniards brought this plant to Europe. The Aztecs greatly appreciated this spice, its taste and extraordinary aroma. This exotic orchid blooms briefly, but its scent is very attractive to the butterflies and hummingbirds that pollinate it. People use its fruits for cooking. This spice is called:
a) vanilla;
b) cinnamon;
c) anise.
Riddles for food: 6. One of the most popular French dishes:
a) souffle;
b) baklava;
c) tiramisu.
Riddles for food: 7. Salami is a dry, well-smoked sausage that is one of the most non-perishable products. Its benchmark was Italian salami. What kind of meat is used to make the classic salami?
a) from donkey and mule meat;
b) from horsemeat and veal;
c) pork.
Riddles for food: 8. The French truffles, have immense fame in the kitchen, called kitchen diamonds, are popular to this day. This is:
a) dark chocolate sweets;
b) aromatic mushrooms growing under the tree roots;
c) pastries with cocoa cream filling;
Riddles for food: 9. The most expensive mushrooms in the world:
a) black truffles;
b) white truffles;
c) porcini mushrooms.
Riddles for food: 10. Italian dessert made from cream, gelatin and vanilla sugar:
a) jelly cake;
b) whipped cream dessert;
c) panna cotta.
Riddles for food: 11. The most popular bread in France, a real French pride, that Napoleon's soldiers carried in their pants:
a) bruschetta;
b) quesadilla;
c) baguette.
Riddles for food: 12. Snack with raw fish, originated in Peru. The fish for this snack must be caught one hour before serving. The dish should always be prepared witfreshest fish possible:
a) guacamole;
b) hummus;
c) ceviche.
Riddles for food: 13. National Swiss dish from the Alpine region, dominated by heated cheese, described in Homer's Iliad:
a) camembert;
b) fondue;
c) grilled cheese sandwich.
Riddles for food: 14. Spanish smoked sausage made from pork, paprika, and garlic;
a) salami;
b) longaniza;
c) chorizo.
Riddles for food: 15. Healthy and popular Mexican snack made from avocados. It was known back in the 1500s in the Aztec Empire.
a) quesadilla;
c) guacamole.
Riddles for food: 16. Northern Italian creamy rice dish, cooked with broth.
a) pilaf;
b) paella;
c) risotto.
Riddles for food: 17. Classic Japanese dish, delicacy consisting of raw fish and seafood:
a) ramen;
b) sushi;
c) sashimi.
Riddles for food: 18. Cocktail made with rum, coconut cream and pineapple juice, originating in Puerto Rico:
a) pineapple mojito;
b) piña colada;
c) tropical punch.
Riddles for food answers
1. b)
Ana Pavlova was the first prima ballerina to tour around the world. She has visited the USA, Canada, Central America, Japan, China, Burma, India, the Ceylon Islands, Egypt, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Java and the Philippines. A total of 44 countries and many cities. In 1925, in half a year, she visited 77 cities and gave 238 performances. Dessert named in honor of the ballerina was created in Australia or New Zealand. These countries are still arguing over where this dessert was actually created.
Nectar. It's a rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectarines.
Saffron. It's a spice obtained from collecting stigmas (threads) of dried flowers of Crocus sativus. It's the world's most expensive spice by weight. In order to get 500 g of saffron, it is necessary to collect from 100000 to 250000 flowers. The price per kilogram at world's market is US $5,000 and higher.
4. a)
The Japanese delicacy, the fugu fish is the most poisonous edible fish. Liver, brain and eyes is 200 times more deadly than cyanide and hundred times stronger than cobra poison. The restaurant preparation of fugu is strictly controlled by law in Japan. Only chefs who have qualified after three or more years of training are allowed to prepare it. This dish costs between 120 and a thousand dollars. If you taste incorrectly prepared fish, it will be the last dish you've tasted.
The gourmet's favorite part is the liver. Here is the highest concentration of poison, but the chefs of the most expensive restaurants are able to remove some of the poison. When the liver is eaten, the tongue tingles, the lips melt and a state of nirvana begins. This can be called a synonym for the drug. This is because people lose their sense of reality, fly in the clouds, and risk experiencing death as a result of these experiences. About 30 people die each year from poisoning.
Vanilla;
Soufflé.
From donkey and mule meat.
Truffles – aromatic mushrooms growing under the roots of trees. In written sources, these mushrooms were mentioned as far back as Sumerian times. Always popular and very expensive. It was a favorite of King Francis I of France and his nobles during the Renaissance. Now truffles are popular and known all over the world.
In 1952, in the Calabria region of Italy, inspired by the taste of these mushrooms, the Italians made an ice cream dessert similar to them. It was ice cream of various flavors and frozen raspberries, cherries or strawberries inside. This dessert is also called Tartufo in Italian and Truffles in English. Later, this dessert turned into wonderful chocolate candies.
White truffles. Truffles are costly because they're difficult to find, frustrating to grow, and impossible to store for any length of time. Truffles have pheromones, chemical substances that affect animals and insect behavior. They have androstanol, a steroidal pheromone found in humans, and androsterone, which boars produce for mating. Due to the smell pigs were originally used to sniff truffles — they were attracted to a boar pheromone. Specially trained dogs are employed these days, since they don't gobble up truffles as pigs do.
10. c)
Panna cotta.
Baguette.
Ceviche. If you are planning to taste this dish in Peru, choose a reliable restaurant.
13. b)
Fondue.
Chorizo.
Guacamole. Check out my 4 ingredient guacamole recipe.
Risotto.
Sashimi.
Piña colada;
If you are looking for recipe inspiration click here
Follow me on Instagram and tag #kaylamagazineofficial to see our amazing creations!


text:
The Keyword
A virtual tribute to Cervantes
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Over a thousand photos, videos, manuscripts, texts, paintings and virtual tours make up "The Routes of Cervantes", one of the most comprehensive virtual exhibitions about Cervantes to date, presented today by Google in collaboration with the Spanish Ministry for Education, Culture and Sport. It is the first time that eight leading cultural institutions from around Spain collaborated with the Google Cultural Institute to bring a writer's legacy to new life online. In just a few taps, users can find themselves in the fascinating world of Cervantes. You are invited to step into the home of the Spanish author and go on virtual tours through the most important places in his life, like Casa Natal, the house where he was born, or Casa de Valladolid, the house where it is believed that the writer penned the last lines of the Quixote.
One of the houses where Cervantes lived: Casa Natal in Alcalá de Henares
You can now take a close look at the the oldest surviving autograph of the literary genius and explore the famous portrait of Cervantes - a mystery in itself. Painted based on Cervantes' written description of himself, researchers have since not been able to confirm with certainty who painted the piece and whether it was indeed painted in the author's lifetime.
Or join renowned historian Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra, the curator of this project and member of the Spanish Royal Academy of History on an interactive experience built with the support of Google's specialists, that takes viewers to through an outstanding selection of manuscripts and paintings.
Cervantes' influence extends well beyond his home and the Hispanic culture. Trace his impact on global art and culture through a wide collection of lithographs by Gustave Doré and William Hogarth, paintings by international artists inspired by the work of the famous author and a photo collection from Agencia EFE, which shows the influence of Cervantes today and across the world.
In collaboration with Acción Cultural Española, Agencia EFE, Archivos Estatales, Asociación Española de Pintores y Escultores, Museo Casa Cervantes de Valladolid, Museo Casa Natal de Cervantes, Real Academia Española and Teatro Real, as a part of the 400th anniversary of the death of Cervantes, this online exhibition pays tribute to one of the greatest writers. We wish to offer this to all who love the Spanish language and literature.
The exhibition is available online for everyone online at g.co/routesofcervantes as well as through the Google Arts and Culture mobile app for iOS and Android.
Calling all EU cybersecurity founders
By Sofia Benjumea
Google News Initiative
Insights from publishers across Central and Eastern Europe this year
By Christian Heise
The Blobs are back and teaming up with Beethoven
By Joe Shepherd
Google News Showcase is launching in Slovenia
By Josko Mrndze
The beating heART of the Czech Republic
By Liudmila Kobyakova
Two startup accelerators focused on climate change
By Kate Brandt
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I used to be 'monty' here.
dubchieftain	We live in a small forest so we are surrounded by birds, particularly wood pigeons and have been making field recordings of them. The thing about this track its actually a sample from a bird song LP.
Plz support this channel on Patreon & get bonus vids and more! - Casio FZ-1 Resource Links & Further Listening below!


text:
Look at world's oceans shows wilderness is nearly gone, global report finds
By Julie St. LouisJuly 26, 2018
July 26, 2018 By Missoula Current
Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the International Space Station.
(Courthouse News Service) Only a small fraction of the world's oceans can still be classified as wilderness, according the first systemic analysis of global marine wilderness published Thursday.
About 13 percent of the world's oceans remain marine wilderness. What is left is primarily found in the Arctic, the Antarctic and around remote Pacific Island nations. Almost none exists in coastal regions.
"We were astonished by just how little marine wilderness remains," Kendall Jones of the University of Queensland, Australia, and the Wildlife Conservation Society, said. "The ocean is immense, covering over 70 percent of our planet, but we've managed to significantly impact almost all of this vast ecosystem."
Rapid declines in wilderness on land have been well documented, while much less was known about the status of marine wilderness prior to this study, researchers said. These areas are crucial for marine biodiversity.
"Pristine wilderness areas hold massive levels of biodiversity and endemic species and are some of the last places of Earth where big populations of apex predators are still found," Jones said.
The study, published in Current Biology, also shows that less than 5 percent of global marine wilderness is currently protected. Offshore ecosystems are protected most, while high-biodiversity areas such as coral reefs enjoy the fewest protections. Despite holding high genetic diversity and endemic species, wilderness areas are ignored in global environmental agreements, according to the study.
"This means the vast majority of marine wilderness could be lost at any time, as improvements in technology allow us to fish deeper and ship farther than ever before," Jones explained. "Thanks to a warming climate, even some places that were once safe due to year-round ice cover can now be fished."
Researchers point to their findings as an urgent call for action to protect what remains of marine wilderness. Such an effort will require international environmental agreements to recognize the unique value of marine wilderness that also sets targets for retention, scientists state.
"International policies are often blind to the benefits that flow from intact, functioning ecosystems, and there is no text within the Convention on Biological Diversity or the United Nations World Heritage Convention that recognizes the importance of retaining large intact landscapes or seascapes," the report says.
"Similarly, national-level conservation plans tend to focus on securing under-pressure habitats or endangered populations, rather than multifaceted strategies that also focus on wilderness protection."
In conducting the study, Jones and his colleagues used the most comprehensive global data available for 19 human stressors, including commercial shipping, fertilizer and sediment runoff, and several types of fishing in the ocean, plus their cumulative impact. They systematically mapped marine wilderness globally by identifying areas with very little human impact and also a very low combined cumulative impact from these stressors.
In order to capture differences in human influence by ocean regions, the researchers repeated their analysis within each of 16 ocean realms. They found wide variation in the degree of human impacts.
The researchers excluded climate change variables because they are widespread and unmanageable at a local scale from the individual stressors, but included them in cumulative impact analysis.
Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships, a University of Queensland Centennial Scholarship and an ARC Laureate Fellowship, funded the analysis. Current Biology is a bimonthly journal that features papers across all areas of biology.
Filed Under: Environment


We provide brokerage for trade, as well as services in all areas as we have contact with over eight thousand companies.
Manufacturer of frames and construction components for upholstered furniture such as beds, TV armchairs and recliners, made in Central Europe.
The company has been in existence since 1995 and continues to produce goods in Europe by providing products of the utmost quality, while attaining the highest standards and meeting the expectations of the most demanding customers. Owing to its modern machinery park, the plant has a large production capacity. It uses professional machines and processing centres for its treatment. It also has logistics facilities, FSC certification, along with international quality certificates.
With the manufacturer of furniture for bars, restaurants, etc., we have completed a project for a bar in North London, finished off in natural Italian leather, as shown in picture (1), height 107 cm and depth 68 cm, at the final price of £198.00 per linear meter.
We provide our customers with services at either their registered office or any other designated place.
Installation of CCTV, TV, etc.
Studio Art HaidiS we offer a wide range of specialist services in the decorative painting industry are carried out to the highest standards.
We run retail sales through our e-stores as well as the world's largest retailers.


Laredo® has the perfect boots for the fashion-forward cowgirl.
Western stitching at shaft and midfoot.
Pull tabs at top of shaft.
Cushioned insoles deliver all-day comfort.
Composite sole for added grip and durability.


text:
October's Art Scene Will Provide an Opportunity to Help "Man's Best Friend"
The Franklin Art Scene returns to kick off the fall season on Friday, October 7. Guests will enjoy much-anticipated cooler temperatures, while strolling through Historic Downtown Franklin for the free monthly art crawl.
In addition to viewing local works of art, attendees can help support their furry friends. A series of 12 paintings, featuring a variety of pups, created by artist Susan Frizsell will be sold to benefit the Agape Animal Rescue. This program provides loving, emotionally stable, and nurturing foster care for animals. Frizsell's paintings will be available for purchase at The Registry at 347 Main St.
Another highlight for the October crawl will be Frank the Car, a colorful car painted by students at Firstlight Arts Academy. It will be displayed during the event on its final night of auction at Gallery 202 at at 202 2nd Ave S. All proceeds from the auction will go to Franktown Open Hearts, a faith-based nonprofit that provides mentoring, tutoring, recreation and a hot meal to Franklin's inner-city youth.
Coordinated by the Downtown Franklin Association (DFA), approximately 30 locations in and around downtown will host local artists from 6-9 p.m. Many sites will also offer refreshments, drinks and live music. Featured locations and artists include:
The works of Dolly Georgieva-Gode will be on display at boutique MMM, located at 238 Public Square. Originally from Bulgaria, she is a traditional artist who enjoys experimenting with different media and artists styles.
In addition to Frank the Car, painter Julie Harvey will be featured at Gallery 202. Her work, characteristically bold and full of texture, portrays abstracted forms, generated from a place without boundaries, where reality often ends, and dreams begin. Chapman's Pie Wagon will be on site to provide delicious eats.
Artist Janel Maher's bronzes and paintings can be found at Harlin Meyerhoff at 400 Main Street, Suite 120. Her work captures the heart, soul and essence of the horse. Maher was the winner of the prestigious Marilyn Newmark Memorial Award for realism at the American Women Artists 25th Annual Juried Show. She was also awarded the President's Award at the Women Artists of the West Annual Show.
The Historic Franklin Presbyterian Church, located at 435 Main St, Franklin will host three artists. Caroline Thompson's passion for art and creativity is clearly seen in her paintings, which feature bold, dramatic hues and designs. The whimsical, offbeat paintings of Lisa Eisenga are inspired by fanciful and macabre poetry, music and literature. Artist and photographer Laura Neal is inspired by color, texture, movement and lines, which is clearly reflected in her work, often featuring urban areas, beautiful colors and many different textures.
The work of Alyson Cannon will be featured at Hope Church at 137 4th Ave S. Cannon's paintings are inspired by the Smoky Mountains of East Tennessee. She often sees the mountains, old churches and schoolhouses of her childhood home in the layers that dance through her paintings, adding richness of color and texture. She uses this texture to add depth and character to her paintings.
Imaginebox Emporium, located at 311 North Margin Street, will be featuring the original illustrations created by Cory Basil for his young reader novel The Perils of Fishboy. Basil's creations are painted using multiple mediums, including watercolor, oil, and gauche.
Parks Reality at 415 Main Street will feature the woodwork and furniture designs of Doug Regen. He left the advertising business to pursue his dream of creating furniture, which can be seen in many homes throughout the South, from recycled materials.
Contemporary artist Emily Venturino's paintings will be housed at the Visitor Center, located at 400 Main Street. In her work Venturiono attempts to create everyday scenes and add a touch of dream-like characteristics that mirror her desire to inspire the viewer, in hopes that they may find some sense of serenity and peace.
The Williamson County Archives at 611 W Main St. will feature artist and Franklin resident Bob Musgrove. In addition to his paintings, his unique Power Bike prototype– built using his creative art skills in conjunction with a mechanical engineering degree– will be on display.
Winchester Antiques will showcase the works of Helen Curnutte and Jack Ericson at 121 2nd Ave N. Curnutte is a Nashville-based artists, who works both with copper and paint. Ericson repurposes and builds custom furniture and accessories from reclaimed architectural salvage.
For more information about the event, please visit www.franklinartscene.com or the Facebook page at www.facebook.com/FranklinArtScene.com.


text:
Fútbol Club Ordino - klub piłkarski z siedzibą w Ordino, w Andorze.

Historia
Chronologia nazw:
 2010—...: FC Ordino

Klub został założony w 2010 roku jako FC Ordino. W 2012 roku debiutował w drugiej lidze. Po zakończeniu sezonu 2012/13 jako beniaminek zajął pierwsze miejsce i zdobył awans do pierwszej ligi.

Sukcesy

Trofea międzynarodowe
Nie uczestniczył w rozgrywkach europejskich (stan na 31-05-2013).

Trofea krajowe

Stadion
Klub rozgrywa swoje mecze domowe na stadionie DEVK-Arena w Sant Julià de Lòria, który może pomieścić 899 widzów.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Oficjalna strona klubu

Andorskie kluby piłkarskie
Kluby piłkarskie założone w 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ensure your 1986 Mustang air conditioning system is performing safely & efficiently with this R134a conversion kit!
Ensure your 1986 Mustang's air conditioning system is functioning properly with this factory style R134a conversion system. The air conditioning system in your 1986 Mustang is nearly 30 years old now. The original hoses and other components are most likely dry rotted or defective. Between the age of your factory A/C system and the hassle of getting R-12 refrigerant, the answer is to convert to R134a refrigerant. Included on the a/c compressor are manifold ports that make a plug and play application for an easy install. The old a/c compressors didn't come with these and are exclusive only to 5.0 Resto.
Converting from R12 to R134a freon is becoming more and more common. Simply because the R134a refrigerant is cheaper, readily available, and can be bought without a license. Unfortunately, when R134a is introduced into a stock R12 system with nothing more than a few new seals and some oil (like the popular R-134a conversion kits you see at the parts store), the A/C system isn't as efficient and vent-outlet temperatures rise. The best way to repair your A/C system and properly convert to R134a is to replace the components that have been using R12 for all of these years.
Your factory hoses and other a/c components are most likely rotted or leaking by now. This kit includes new hoses, condenser, and a re-manufactured compressor. This ensures you don't have any components with R12 residue left in the system. The compressor includes the correct fittings and service ports to accept R134a refrigerant/freon.
The entire system needs to be filled with 8-10oz of PAG 46 oil and 24oz of R134a refrigerant. The A/C compressor ships with oil verified by a pink sticker on fill area. Verify oil is there before filling system.
This air-conditioned evaporator is located under your dash and it pulls the heat from the air blowing into your car to produce cold air flow for your A/C. Over time this part can become cracked and needs to be replaced to work properly.
Will only work on Mustangs equipped with A/C from the factory. Dealer installed A/C or non-A/C equipped Mustangs will not work.
5.0 Resto Factory Style R134a A/C Conversion.
Ensure your 1983-1993 Mustang's air conditioning system is functioning at full potential with this factory style R134a conversion system. The factory hoses and components are most likely dry rotted or defective by now. Between the age of your factory A/C system and the hassle of getting R-12 refrigerant, the answer is to convert to R134a refrigerant.
- The compressor ships dry, meaning it has no oil. The compressor needs to be filled with 10oz of PAG 46 oil and 24oz of R134a refrigerant.
- Dealer installed A/C or non-A/C equipped Mustangs will not work.
Charge the A/C system in your Mustang by yourself! Landan walks you through the easy steps on charging the A/C system in a Mustang. Be sure and have on hand a decent set of A/C manifold gauges, a vacuum pump, can tap, R134A refrigerant, and PAG oil or charge oil.
Basic knowledge of HVAC systems is highly recommended before attempting to charge an A/C system. Charge at your own risk. LMR is not responsible for any damages, injury or death.


The Chocolate War The Chocolate War is a book written by Robert Cormier. It is about a teenaged boy named Jerry and his life as an individual at an all boys catholic school called Trinity. Every year the school sells chocolates to raise money. Every student is meant to sell fifty boxes, and they all do, except for Jerry. Jerry was forced not to sell the chocolates for 10 days by the Vigils, a school gang.


Up at 4:30 AM and into the gym just before 6 AM. Today was the first strength training workout I've done since April 12, and the first chest/back workout since April 10. April was a pretty bad month as far as workouts go, my worst since starting on this latest kick back in early December. I'm hoping that May is much better. In fact, my target for May is hitting the gym 26 out of 31 days.
Not quite a full strength workout, but 2/3rds of one. The truth is I got started a little late and felt a little sluggish so I went along at a slower pace and ran out of time. This bothered me but I guess after nearly 20 days without doing strength training, it will take me a little while to get back into the swing of things.
I've got cardio tomorrow morning and our first softball practice at lunch tomorrow afternoon, so I'll get to see first-hand if the last 5 months worth of training has paid off in that respect.


text:
Riverview Middle School opens gym for football players for fall
Riverview Middle School, in Huntington, is offering voluntary open-gym sessions for boys and girls in seventh and eighth grade who plan on playing football at the school in the upcoming season.
Football skills and fundamentals will be taught during the sessions.
To participate in these sessions, students are required to have a physical turned in to Coach Claude Weese by the first session on Monday, July 15. Weese will begin accepting physicals at 4 p.m. that day, at the pavilion located next to the school's practice field.
Sessions will be held July 17, 19, 29, 30, 31 and Aug. 1, 2 and 5 from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
The Riverview football team's schedule is as follows: Aug. 20, vs. New Haven, 5 p.m.; Sept. 4, at Leo, 5 p.m.; Sept. 10, vs. Crestview, 5 p.m.; Sept. 17, at Paul Harding, 5 p.m.; Sept. 24, vs. Bellmont, 5 p.m.; Oct. 1, vs. Norwell, 5 p.m.; Oct. 8, at East Noble, 5 p.m.; Oct. 15, Northeast 8 Conference Tournament, TBA; and Oct. 16, Northeast 8 Conference Tournament, TBA.
For more information, contact Coach Weese at 355-8658 or armycweese@yahoo.com.


"If you are looking for a reliable company that shows on time and is thorough, then You've Got Maids is the right company for you. We have used independent maids in the past who either didn't show or show on time. They also didn't do that great of a job. However, You've Got Maids showed right on time and did a 52 point cleaning that was from floor to ceiling.
Our home was spotless. The maids also offered to clean inside our refrigerator and oven. They also offer regular service at different frequency levels. They impressed us so much, we will have them out again and in fact on a regular monthly service. You should try them, too."
- Matt C. from Placentia, CA on Yelp!
With our 52-Point-Spring Cleaning, we clean everything - from the baseboards to the tops of the ceiling fans. We're so glad Matt felt compelled to share her great experience with You've Got Maids of Orange County on Yelp! Hopefully, we can continue to delight him as well as all of our other treasured clients in the OC!
You've Got Maids® is a residential cleaning franchisor supporting a growing network of 78 independently-owned local franchise owners across the country. Founded in 2005 and franchising since 2010, You've Got Maids® is consistently ranked on Entrepreneur Magazine's "Franchise 500" list, Franchise Business Review's "Top 200" list, and has been the recipient of numerous awards and commendations for franchising, entrepreneurship and small business. The company takes pride in providing free cleaning for women fighting cancer, and is a top supporter of Cleaning For A Reason. For more information, visit the You've Got Maids® website atwww.youvegotmaids.com, email charlie@youvegotmaids.com or call the company's corporate headquarters at (843) 388-7887.
© 2017 You've Got Maids. Each franchise independently owned and operated. All rights reserved and unauthorized use, reproduction or disclosure is prohibited. Each franchise independently owned and operated.


Our services could not continue without dedicated and compassionate volunteers.
Volunteers are needed ONE HOUR prior to our hours of operation.
Your assistance will be very appreciated, and you will find it extremely rewarding when helping others in need. When interacting with our clients, our volunteers and staff have the ability to "extinguish hunger and ignite hope" for those we serve.


text:
J Neurol Sci. 1996 Jan;135(1):1-9.
Clinical scales for multiple sclerosis.
Sharrack B1, Hughes RA.
Department of Neurology, United Medical and Dental Schools, London, UK.
Many neurological rating scales have been suggested to assess the impact of multiple sclerosis on patients, but none has been universally accepted. The Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale has been the most widely used despite its imperfections. It combines disability and impairment, has moderate inter-rater reliability, and its overall score is heavily weighted toward ambulation. The Scripps Neurological Rating Scale attempts to quantify impairment as measured by the traditional neurological examination. However, this and other impairment scales lack direct relevance to patients' functional health status. The Ambulation Index and some of the quantitative upper limb dysfunction assessment methods are sensitive and reproducible, but they only measure limited aspects of the wide range of disabilities encountered in multiple sclerosis. Current scales of disability and activities of daily living, such as the Incapacity Status Scale and the Functional Independent Measure, are not sensitive to the type of change which occurs in multiple sclerosis. The relationship between abnormalities on magnetic resonance images of the brain and disability has been difficult to ascertain. Although recently developed imaging acquisition methods may demonstrate abnormalities which are more closely correlated with disability, the demonstration of prevention, stabilization or recovery from disability using clinical scales will remain the final arbiter of success in clinical trials. We suggest guidelines for an improved disability scale.
10.1016/0022-510x(95)00261-y
Disability Evaluation*
Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis*
Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology*
Neurologic Examination


Our 40-Year Reunion was a great success! We had over 200 classmates and spouses attend the main event at the historic Pavilion's Grand Ballroom. There were also 15 former teachers and honored guests in attendance!
Our class also raised over $12,000 for the NHHS Alumni Association's Vocational Scholarship fund to benefit future Sailor graduates!
We invite you to join this momentum of Sailor Spirit by supporting the NHHS Alumni Association, a 501c3 tax deductable organization.
On Reunion Friday, several classmates participated in a morning brunch and a guided tour of our alma mater, conducted by current NHHS Principal Sean Boulton. Click on any of the nearby photos to jump to our "reunion side event" photo album.
Billy Dutton and his band, The Harvest, played great 60's and 70's tunes for our 3-hour cruise on that Friday evening. There were other alumni gatherings around Newport as well.
Classmate Peter Hoffman organized a fun golf outing at Newport Beach Golf Course for that Saturday morning, June 30th. The Beamish's, Piaskowski's and Massingill's enjoyed the beautiful weather and surprizingly green links!
We also have a class Facebook.com Group Page which can be accessed using this link: https://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/groups/143106709062841/ , or simply search for us on Facebook.com by typing "Newport Harbor High School Class of 1978" in the search box.
This Facebook Group Page is a private group for NHHS 78 grads and you must request to be on it. There are other less exclusive NHHS-based groups on Facebook also if you are interested.


Abstract: Glass fibre composite plastics are feasible material to any engineering field such as avionics, space, and missile launching. They have excellent properties such as high toughness, low weight to volume ratio, high rigidity, strength, etc., to be used in any of the engineering application. However, it is difficult to machines such composite to form desired shape. In this present work, an approach has been made to model the multi-responses such as surface roughness and flank wear using desirability criteria. Four factors (such as cutting speed, fibre orientation, depth of cut and feed rate) at three different levels has been designed using Taguchi method to limit the number of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to check the valid model and the same model has been used in genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimal cutting condition at minimum label of roughness and flank wear.


RHEL and CentOS ship bootable CDs or DVDs in the ISO file format. It is possible to modify these ISO files with various types of customizations, e.g by adding additional boot menu items or an automated kickstart installation. This article contains a step-by-step guide how to customize and repackage a bootable CentOS ISO.
ZFS is a great filesystem and making it available for Linux opens a bridge between Solaris, FreeBSD and Linux.
KQ Infotech has released the source of their ZFS port to the general public, using pool version 28.
Source code is available at github.com.
In this arcicle I am giving a tutorial how to build from source and install packages of native ZFS kernel modules for Ubuntu/Debian and Fedora Linux.
You need a x86_64 version (64-bit) of the Linux distributions.


Special incentives are in place for any employer who will bring in jobs that will drive up the average local salary. The idea is to keep young college graduates here by bringing in better jobs.
Nebraska is not alone in this regard. In the middle of all the economic turmoil, the Federal Reserve districts in Cleveland, Chicago and Kansas City reported high demand and resulting upward pressure on wages for skilled labor. The industries most in need of additional skilled workers are energy, health care, and manufacturing. Yes, manufacturing. Skilled financial services workers were easier to come by in Dallas as a result of mergers in the industry. The same was true for financial workers in Chicago. The only minimum-wage jobs going wanting are in the leisure and hospitality industry in the Kansas City district.
I did an analysis comparing States (plus Puerto Rico and D.C.) by the high percentage of workers with graduate degrees in 2007 and the change in that figure from 2005. For example, Nevada ranked 45th among the States for workforce with graduate degrees in 2007; yet they ranked number 1 for increasing that percentage since 2005 (from 6.6% to 7.5%). The Knowledge Score is simply the difference in the two ranks. Nevada has the highest score at 44. The States with the lower scores are falling behind: although they rank high this year other states are moving up faster in gaining educated knowledge workers. Delaware has a score of -37: they rank 15th for an educated workforce but next to last (better only than New Mexico) for going from 11.1% of the workforce with graduate degrees in 2005 to 10.4% in 2007.
The Minneapolis district "reported continued strength in professional business services." Our analysis scores them 2, meaning they are currently attracting a more educated workforce. In contrast, San Francisco and Philadelphia reported that "demand for professional business services was down." I score California at -30 and Philadelphia at -14, meaning that they are losing their educated workforce. It's likely that knowledge workers are leaving because of the lack of opportunity and, in California especially, high housing costs.
Although Illinois ranked 12th among the states for percentage of the workforce with graduate degrees, their increase from two years ago was about the national average, giving them a Knowledge Score of -21. The demand for skilled labor in manufacturing, healthcare, and some professional services remained strong in the Chicago Federal Reserve district, which will put upward pressure on wages. These higher wages will serve to attract more knowledge workers to the State. The Chicago district, which includes northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, Michigan, and northern Indiana, reported shortages of skilled workers. Among the States included in the Chicago district, only Wisconsin and Indiana have positive Knowledge Scores.
The relationship between education and income is well-known. The median-income in the U.S. was $33,452 for 2007, about what is earned by the worker with some college or an associate's degree. Workers with only a high school diploma make about 20% less than that. A bachelor's degree translates into a 40% increase in income; a worker with a graduate degree earns 83% more than the median-income. And this curve gets steeper every year: from 2006 to 2007 the slope increased 3%.
So where are the knowledge workers going to and coming from? Nevada, Hawaii and DC lead the way in attracting them while New Mexico, Delaware and Louisiana are the biggest losers. Actually, only 10 States are losing knowledge workers as a percent of the workforce, including North Dakota, West Virginia, New Hampshire, Alaska, Arizona, California and Mississippi. In addition to educating the workforce, the U.S. also benefits from international migration. In the face of some of these shortages for skilled-labor, US immigration routinely increases the allowance for workers in industries like technology and others requiring advanced education. However, there has been little change in the overall percentage of the US workforce with advanced degrees: 10% in 2005, 9.9% in 2006 and 10.1% in 2007. Among the many other states increasing the share of their workforce with advanced degrees, Montana, North Carolina, Maine, Vermont and Maryland led the way with increase of more than 0.5%.
You are probably surprised to find Nevada at the top of the Knowledge Scores. From September 2007 to September 2008, Nevada decreased the overall number of jobs by 7,600. In fact, the loss of 14,300 construction jobs was offset by a gain of 7,600 jobs in health services, transportation, utilities, education, and other services. The shift is toward jobs requiring skilled workers, those with higher levels of education, the Knowledge Workers.
Down the road, it appears that the balance of knowledge workers are shifting to states that, for years, lagged behind perennial leaders like Massachussetts, California and New York. Now the balance is shifting and as the economy moves from speculation to productive jobs – such as those related to manufacturing, logistics, food and energy – we will also see an increase in new opportunities in these states for knowledge workers who are increasingly critical to these fields as well.
Susanne Trimbath, Ph.D. is CEO and Chief Economist of STP Advisory Services. Dr. Trimbath's credits include appearances on national television and radio programs. Dr. Trimbath is a Technical Advisor to the California Economic Strategy Panel and Associate Professor of Finance and Business Economics at USC's Marshall School of Business. Dr. Trimbath was formerly Senior Research Economist at the Milken Institute and Senior Advisor on the Russian capital markets project for KPMG.


We, Foster Janitorial Cleaning Services, take immense pride in our work, as one of the most respected and trusted Kelowna janitorial specialists. We know what proper cleaning means and we've been doing this for more than 10 years. No matter your requirements or the size of your commercial space, we guarantee you our Kelowna janitorial services are unrivaled in the industry and are aimed to provide complete customer satisfaction.
When hiring our employees, we choose wisely, based on their skills, integrity and dedication, as we want our personnel to be an echo of our company's way of thinking and conducting business. Regarding this aspect, we never make any compromises and never settle for anything than the best and most qualified to operate the specialized cleaning equipment. That's why, if you choose Foster Janitorial Cleaning Services as your specialist, you won't get any surprises from us when performing Kelowna janitorial and cleaning services.
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Special services (High dusting, post-construction cleaning, pressure washing, window washing, flood clean up, interior and exterior painting).


text:
How UCHealth and a Denver Startup are Partnering to Make Sure Patients can Afford Their Prescriptions
What started as a book of pharmaceuticals organized by efficacy and cost has been built into a Denver startup that has recently raised $15.9 million through its partnership with UCHealth.
RxRevu has developed a platform that helps doctors prescribe medication that is covered by a patient's insurance. The program is embedded into a health system's electronic medical records, so they know exactly what insurance a patient has, whether the medication they want to prescribe is covered and if not what equally effective medication they could prescribe instead that is covered by the patient's provider.
The startup was founded in 2013, when Chief Medical Officer Kevin O'Brien put together a book of drugs organized by their clinical efficacy and cost. He was looking to publish the book when he met Carm Huntress, a 20-year technologist who thought the research would be more effective as a technology solution rather than a static book.
Carm Huntress, CEO of RxRevu, with Dr. Richard Zane, chief innovation officer at UCHealth.
"He and I came together and started the company from that book and built it into the platform," Huntress told Denver Business Journal.
Transforming a book into a tech solution took time, Huntress said. They started with building a taxonomy of drug information using public sources and purchasing some content to build a large database of drug names and durations. Then they layered in their own intellectual property around the drugs' clinical efficacy and realtime pricing.
It eventually turned into a software-solution aimed at doctors, that would provide cost transparency and go on to save patients and insurance providers money. The platform is called SwiftRx.
The solution also caught the eye of UCHealth's innovation program, who was looking to help its doctors make effective prescribing decisions that would be affordable to patients. Before RxRevu's solutions, doctors would prescribe what they thought would be the most effective drug with no knowledge of whether the patient could afford it. That could kick off a multi-step process of the pharmacist catching that the drug wasn't covered and connecting with the doctor to get the prescription changed, the patient having to call the doctor to ask them to prescribe a similar medication they could afford, or even situations where the patients just don't pick up their medication because they can't pay for it.
"We at UCHealth want to help providers make better decisions in how we deliver patient care," Dr. Richard Zane, chief innovation officer at UCHealth, told DBJ. "If we see you as a patient and you have high blood pressure, we need to pick a medicine for you. We want a medicine to be compatible with your other medicines, but we also want to see if it's covered by your insurance and can you afford it. There's no utility in me picking up the right medicine if you're not going to pick it up from the pharmacy."
UCHealth, which led RxRevu's Series A funding round of $15.9 million, worked with the startup to integrate its platform directly into UCHealth's electronic medical record system. When doctors prescribe medication, a patient's coverage information is right there next to all their medical history.
"Getting it embedded was incredibly daunting," Zane said, adding it took more than 2 years. "We started with writing the application, which was not part of the native electronic medical record but integrated so it appeared to be part of it. Then we worked with the electronic medical provider to have it embedded within the native system. It was an enormous deal, especially for one system and startup to accomplish this."
The platform is free to hospitals, Huntress said. Because the savings go to the patient and the insurance company, the insurers pay RxRevu a transactional fee to get the data to the doctors because it's the insurers that see the return on investment.
"It's a small transaction fee to save hundreds of thousands of dollars on a per patient basis," Huntress said. "So we give it free to doctors."
The $15.9 million will be used for growing the company, Huntress said. The company has 24 team members, and the round will be used to add more staff. It will also be used to expand where RxRevu's platform is available.
The next step will be to get more health systems on board, said Zane, who is also on the Board of Directors for RxRevu. Huntress added that as of now, only 10% of doctors have access to the data RxRevu provides.
"It has to continue to grow and become ubiquitous and seamless," Zane said. "It has to go to other medical records. It's not just applicable to us but the other 400 health systems in the U.S."
by Jensen Werley, Reporter – Denver Business Journal on July 5, 2019
As Featured In: Denver Business Journal (source article), Globe Newswire


Daniel Kertcher has 15 years of experience and has garnered most of this experience from some of the most educated minds in all of Australia. His trading career started after performing an analysis of option trading and the principles that went along with this such as market financing and risk management tools. Traders who are wanting to succeed will find the Daniel Kertcher trading options course to be the best option they can choose. Kertcher uses new methods that have yet to be seen by many traders when looking into the Forex and CFDs. The introduction on these two markets will better prepare traders for what to expect. All of Kertcher's trading courses are being marketed by the Trading Pursuits, which is another one of his educational businesses. Kertcher has been conducting these courses since 2001 and these are still popular among traders who are looking for the cutting edge in their field.
The Daniel Kertcher trading options course, since it has begun, has become an established company in Australia. There are over 100,000 attendees for every seminar that is thrown by the company in pursuit of educating traders. Trading is a complicated business and many of those who are looking to invest simply do not understand what they need to know or do in order to maximize their investments. The Trading Purist was invented in order to help amateurs with the task of trading and to understand the trading market on every level there is.
There are rules associated with each trading company and the Daniel Kertcher trading options course is not exempt from this statistic. These rules are mainly for currency trading and are in place to ensure that traders have the confidence for decision making when it comes to investments. One of the main concepts that the person is going to learn from these courses is how to make investment decisions based on reasoning and logic, rather than making these based on emotions. Those who follow the rules in terms of investing will find they have a system that is going to ensure progress and success with each trade. Through looking at all the options with Daniel Kertcher trading options course, the person can find the trading system that is going to work best with their ideals and confidence level.
Another key aspect to Daniel Kertcher trading options course is the idea of maximizing profits, even in a falling market. Kertcher explains how to maximize the profits one receives with taking on better opportunities. Leverage is one of the key definitions in this sort of trade, while the course is also helping the person to focus on the profits and risks of the stock market. Every year within the USA, there are millions of traders who utilize Daniel Kertcher trading options course and find the success they have always dreamed of having.
Through utilizing all the information that is found in these courses a person can make logical decisions, rather than based on emotions, and will find the profit they earn is higher than before they were trading without this knowledge.
This entry was posted in WCS.net Team on September 28, 2013 by Alex.


K-pop singer Jung Joon-young is attending a South Korean court hearing on whether a warrant will be issued for his arrest on allegations he illegally shared sexually explicit videos of women taken without their knowledge or consent.
He told reporters at the Seoul Central District Court on Thursday that he was sorry and apologized again to the victims and to "everyone who has showed affection for me." People involved in scandals in South Korea often issue public apologies even as they maintain their innocence.
Jung was questioned by police last week about allegations that he secretly filmed his sexual encounters and shared them in private group chats.
The Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency requested an arrest warrant for Jung on Monday. The court's decision is expected Thursday night or early Friday.