Health and physical capacity are commonly associated with disease, age, and socioeconomic factors. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the degree to which physical capacity, defined as muscle strength and walking ability, is decreased in women with fibromyalgia (FM), as compared to healthy women, who are matched for age and level of education. The secondary aim was to investigate whether muscle strength and walking ability are associated with age, symptom duration, activity limitations and, Body Mass Index (BMI) in women with FM and control subjects.
This controlled, cross-sectional, multi-center study comprised 118 women with FM and 93 age- and education-level-matched healthy women. The outcome measures were isometric knee-extension force, isometric elbow-flexion force, isometric hand-grip force, and walking ability. Differences between the groups were calculated, and for the women with FM analyses of correlations between the measures of physical capacity and variables were performed.
The women with FM showed 20% (p < 0.001) lower isometric knee-extension force, 36% (p < 0.001) lower isometric elbow-flexion force, 34% (p < 0.001) lower isometric hand-grip force, and 16% lower walking ability (p < 0.001), as compared to the healthy controls. All measures of muscle strength in women with FM showed significant weak to moderate relationship to symptom duration (rs = − 0.23–0.32) and walking ability (rs = 0.25–0.36). Isometric knee-extension force correlated with activity limitations, as measured using the SF-36 Physical function subscale (rs=0.23, p = 0.011).
Physical capacity was considerably decreased in the women with FM, as compared to the age- and education-level-matched control group. All measures of physical capacity showed a significant association with symptom duration. Knee-extension force and walking ability were significantly associated with activity limitations, age, and BMI. It seems important to address this problem and to target interventions to prevent decline in muscle strength. Assessments of muscle strength and walking ability are easy to administer and should be routinely carried out in the clinical setting for women with FM.
ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT01226784, Oct 21, 2010.
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculoskeletal pain condition that affects approximately 1–3% of the general population, it is more common among women and prevalence increases with higher age [1, 2]. FM is characterized by persistent widespread pain, increased pain sensitivity and tenderness  and is often associated with impaired physical capacity [4–6], activity limitations , fatigue, and distress [3, 8]. While the etiology of FM is still poorly understood it is generally agreed that disturbances in both the central and peripheral pain modulating mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of widespread pain [9, 10].
Physical capacity, which includes aerobic capacity, muscle strength, flexibility and balance, influences the ability to manage tasks of everyday living . Muscle strength is essential for performing activities, such as walking stairs, lifting and carrying heavy objects, and rising from a chair. To date, descriptions of muscle strength have been based mainly on patients examined in a specialist rheumatology setting, and the results show that muscle strength in women with FM is reduced by 20%–35% [5, 12–14], as compared to healthy women. Maquet et al.  compared 16 women with FM to 85 healthy controls and found that knee-extension strength was on average reduced by 35% in the women with FM. Norregaard et al.  investigated 181 women with FM and 126 healthy women and found that isokinetic muscle strength in the flexors and extensors of the knee and elbow was reduced by 20%–30% in the women with FM. Cardoso el al , in a relatively small study, found significantly reduced strength levels related to isokinetic knee flexion and extension in patients with FM. Henriksen et al.  compared 844 women with FM, and 122 healthy controls and found that isokinetic knee extension strength was reduced by 15%–25% in the women with FM. However, half of the patients in this sample had near-normal levels of muscle strength .
Possible physiologic explanations for the reduced muscle strength include pathologic changes in muscle fibres , impaired blood circulation , and disturbances in regulation of growth and energy metabolism . Other possible explanations include altered neuromuscular control mechanisms caused by pain  or decreased levels of physical activity in women with FM . Women with FM spend more time engaging in sedentary activities and less time engaging in high-intensity activities .
High muscle strength has been associated with lower levels of pain in persons with FM . No studies have, to our knowledge, investigated the association between pain duration and muscle strength in women with FM.
Muscle strength also decreases with increasing age due to changes in body composition, resulting in increased fat mass and age-related loss of muscle mass. This age-related loss of muscle mass leads to reduced strength and as a consequence decreased physical capacity . Being overweight or obese, which is often the case in persons with FM , has also been associated with systemic low-grade chronic inflammation . There appears to be an increased risk of developing or augmenting FM symptoms when one is overweight or obese, especially for women who report low levels of physical activity .
In addition socioeconomic factors, such as education level, have a strong positive association to health and physical capacity . The odds of having FM are strongly linked to having poor education-level [8, 28]. Well-educated people in the general population report better health and physical capacities and are more likely to engage in positive health behaviors such as physical activity . However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study of the physical capacity in women with FM have controlled for education level in combination with age.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the degrees to which muscle strength and walking ability are decreased in women with FM, as compared to healthy women, who are matched for age and level of education. A secondary aim was to investigate whether muscle strength and walking ability are associated with the age, symptom duration, activity limitations, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of women with FM and in healthy women.
This is a controlled, cross-sectional, multi-center study.
This is a sub-study of a multi-center experimental study that enrolled women with FM and healthy women (ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT01226784). The recruitment started in Year 2010 and data collection was completed at all sites in Year 2013. The outcome measures were isometric knee-extension force; isometric elbow-flexion force; isometric hand-grip force; walking ability; and activity limitations.
Both the women with FM and the healthy controls were recruited through newspaper advertisements in the local daily newspapers of Gothenburg, Stockholm, and Linköping .
The inclusion criteria for the women with FM were: to be within the age range of 20–65 years; and meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 classification criteria for FM . Exclusion criteria included: high blood pressure (> 160/90 mmHg); osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee, confirmed by radiologic findings; other severe somatic or psychiatric disorders; dominating causes of pain other than FM; participation in a rehabilitation program or regular resistance exercise; and inability to understand or speak Swedish. In total, 402 women with FM who declared their interest in participating in the study were screened in a telephone interview for eligibility and informed about the study procedure. Out of these, 177 women who were interested in participating were referred to a medical examination in which they were screened for eligibility. Overall 130 women with FM within the age range of 22–64 years fulfilled the inclusion criteria and formed the cohort of the study. Matched controls were recruited in parallel from a cohort of 130 healthy women within the age range of 21–64 years. For the latter group the exclusion criteria were: any pain condition; high blood pressure (> 160/90 mmHg); OA of the hip or knee; and other severe somatic or psychiatric disorders.
The patients and healthy controls were individually matched according to age and education. Initially, the participants were classified into 5-year age groups, while the education categories were based on the exact number of years of education received. After this matching process, additional patients in the education level 10–12 were included. The final study sample comprised 118 women with FM and 93 healthy women. The difference in mean age between the two groups was only 0.2 years (p = 0.91) and the percentage difference in education level was less than 15% (p = 0.33), Table 1.
Background data were collected through interviews and self-reported questionnaires. The collected data included age, symptom duration, education (≤9 years, 10–12 years, > 12 years), family status (living with an adult, yes/no), and country of birth (born in Sweden, yes/no). Current pain was assessed on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The participants also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ total) , which is a disease-specific instrument, and the Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPAI)  which is an instrument that assesses the amount of physical activity performed during a typical week (h). The participants were also asked about pharmacological treatments (NSAIDs, Paracetamol yes/no, Opioids for mild to moderate pain yes/no, Antidepressants yes/no, Anticonvulsives yes/no, Sedatives yes/no). Height and weight were measured and BMI [weight (kg) / height (m)2] was calculated. Clinical assessment of tender points was carried out by manual palpation . Examinations were conducted at physiotherapy clinics in Gothenburg, Linköping, and Stockholm. Performance-based tests of muscle strength and walking ability are presented below in the order in which they were performed.
Maximal isometric knee-extension force (N) was measured with a dynamometer (Steve Strong®; Stig Starke HBI, Göteborg, Sweden). The participant was set in a seated position, knee and hip in 90 ° of flexion and back supported. The subjects were verbally encouraged to pull the ankle strap with maximal force for 5 s, and between each trial there was a 1-min rest interval. The best performance out of three trials was recorded. A mean value from the right and left leg was calculated. This measure has been applied previously [32, 33], and has shown high test-retest reliability for patients with a chronic disease . Maximal isometric elbow-flexion force (N) in both arms, assessed one by one, was measured using a dynamometer (Isobex®; Medical Device Solutions AG, Oberburg, Switzerland). The participant was sitting without back support with the upper arm aligned with the trunk. The elbow was placed in 90° of flexion, forearm supinated. The maximum strength preformed during a period of 5 s was recorded. Three trials were performed for each arm and between each trial there was a 1-min rest interval . The best performance out of the three trials was recorded. A mean value from the right and left arm was calculated. Hand-grip force (N) bilaterally was assessed using the Grippit® device (AB Detektor, Göteborg, Sweden). Two trials were performed for each hand with one minute rest interval between each trial and the mean force over a set period of time (10 s) was recorded . The best performance out of the two trials was recorded. A mean value of the right and left hand was calculated and used in the present study. Walking ability: Walking ability was assessed with the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), which is a performance-based test measuring total walking distance (m) . The participant was instructed to walk as fast as possible without running for a period of 6 min. The total distance covered in meters was recorded. The test was performed along a 30-m-long, straight corridor, turnaround points marked with a cone. The 6MWT is considered a useful representation of physical capacity and endurance in daily life.
Activity limitations were measured using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical function subscale , which includes questions about vigorous activities such as lifting and carrying heavy objects, climbing stairs and walking several blocks. A higher score indicates fewer activity limitations, i.e., good physical function.
The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package Software for the Social Sciences (SPSS ver. 22.0; SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive data are presented in the forms of mean and standard deviation (SD), for continuous variables or the number (n) and percentage (%) for categorical variables. All significance tests were two-sided and conducted at the 5% significance level. Differences between groups were calculated with the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables and with Fisher's exact-test for dichotomous variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for analyzing correlations between variables. The following classification system was used to interpret the absolute (irrespective of sign) correlation values, given that the p-values were ≤ 0.05: rs 0.01–0.25 indicates a weak relationship, rs 0.25–0.50 indicates a moderate-level relationship, rs 0.50–0.75 a moderate-to-good relationship, and above rs 0.75 a very good-to-excellent relationship .
The characteristics of the participants are presented in Table 1.
There were no significant differences between the women with FM and the healthy women regarding age, level of education, living with an adult or being born in Sweden. The women with FM displayed significantly higher pain levels, activity limitations, and BMI and significantly lower leisure-time physical activity levels than the healthy women. Seventy-five percent of the women with FM reported the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or paracetamol, 11% reported use of opioids, 44% reported use of antidepressants, 4% reported use of anticonvulsants and 19% reported use of sedatives, Table 1.
The women with FM showed significantly lower isometric knee-extension force (p < 0.001), isometric elbow flexion force (p < 0.001), isometric hand-grip force (p < 0.001), and walking ability (p < 0.001) than the healthy women, Table 2. The women with FM had 20% lower isometric knee-extension force, 36% lower isometric elbow-flexion force, and 34% lower isometric hand-grip force than the healthy women. They also walked 16% shorter distances in the 6MWT than the healthy controls.
The investigated physical capacity variables intercorrelated significantly for the women with FM (rs:0.25–0.75; Table 3) and for the healthy controls (rs: 0.44–0.74; Table 4).
Both isometric knee extension force and 6MWT correlated significantly with age, BMI, symptom duration and SF36 Physical function (Table 3); the strength of the correlations was weak to moderate. Isometric elbow-flexion force and hand-grip force correlated with symptom duration (Table 3). The strength of the correlations was weak to moderate.
The correlation coefficients are presented in Table 4. 6MWT correlated significantly with age, BMI, and SF36 physical function (Table 4); the strength of the correlations was moderate.
Muscle strength in women with FM was found to be 20%–36% lower and walking ability was 16% lower than the corresponding levels for healthy women.
As age and socioeconomic factors, such as education level, have been linked to health status, our FM sample was compared to a group of healthy women, who were matched for age and level of education. One reason for the differences in health variables in different socioeconomic groups may be that, well-educated persons are more likely to exercise and to follow a healthy lifestyle . Furthermore, previous studies have shown an association between higher presence of FM and low levels of education [8, 28]. Although the groups in the present study were matched, there were considerable differences in physical capacity, especially regarding muscle strength, between the two groups. This implies that there are disease-related physiologic or neuromuscular factors that affect the physical capacity of women with fibromyalgia.
Both the women with FM and the healthy controls were recruited from the general population through advertisements, and matched according to age and level of education. Our results showing decreased physical capacity are in line with the results of previous studies that were based on examinations of patients recruited from specialist clinics [5, 12–14] but not matched for age and education.
Symptom duration in women with FM was associated with reduced physical capacity for all four variables. This implies that disease-related factors, such as duration of pain, probably contribute to the decrease of physical capacity in women with FM. Although physical capacity decreases with age, it seems that a longer duration of FM symptoms further deteriorates physical capacity. That symptom duration affects physical capacity is an important thing to know for clinicians, as a previous study has shown that symptom duration is a predictor of falls in women with FM, probably due to reduced lower limb muscle strength .
The women with FM in the present study displayed 20% lower knee-extension force than the healthy women. Both knee-extension force and walking ability were associated with SF36 Physical function subscale which is as expected given that this subscale covers items in daily activities, such as walking stairs and walking several blocks. It is reasonable to assume that these types of activity limitations are associated with impairments of muscle strength and walking ability. Knee-extension force showed a moderate association with walking ability, a finding that is in line with previous studies [39, 40]. Reduced lower limb muscle strength, especially knee-extensor strength, has been shown to be associated with impaired balance  increasing the risk for falls , and also associated with problems with walking ability and balance in women with FM; a high incidence of falls (50%) has been reported in this population . Walking ability has also been shown to be a predictor for work ability in patients with low back pain  .
Regarding upper body strength, the women with FM displayed 36% lower elbow-flexion force and 34% lower hand-grip force than the healthy women. Hand-grip force has been shown to be a good predictor of hospitalization and mortality and is useful for predicting activity limitations . Low muscle strength has also been proposed to affect directly mortality through its association with increased disability . The decline in muscle strength appeared to be more pronounced in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities.
The different measures of muscle strength were positively associated; implying that a decline in strength in one muscle group is associated to a decline in other muscle groups. This has been shown also in a previous study, in which hand-grip strength was shown to be strongly correlated to knee-extension strength in healthy adults . The measures of muscle strength and walking ability were in line with those in previous studies that comprised healthy Swedish women [35, 36]. Three out of four measures of physical capacity in the healthy controls showed a small but yet significant association with age. In the healthy group, walking ability showed a significant association with BMI and activity limitations, implying a pattern similar to that seen for the women with FM.
Muscle-strengthening activity, such as resistance exercise, is recommended for the general population to promote health and physical independence , as well as to prevent the development of degenerative, age-related, chronic conditions . The prevention of loss of muscle mass and physical function might be even more important for women with FM given their impaired muscle strength. Muscle strength can be affected through targeted interventions, and improving muscle strength by engaging in resistance exercise improves walking ability and reduces the risk for falls . Patients with FM report activity limitations in daily life, and it seems important to address this problem and to target interventions to prevent a decline in muscle strength.
There are some limitations to this study. The recruitment procedure through newspaper advertisement may have biased the process of recruitment of participants. To minimize this risk, participants in the FM-group and in the healthy control group were recruited in a similar fashion. The study only comprised women since fibromyalgia is more common among women and the results cannot be generalized to men with fibromyalgia.
Muscle strength and walking ability are considerably decreased in women with FM, as compared to healthy women of similar age and education level. It seems important to target interventions for women with FM that prevent these declines in their physical capacity. Assessment of muscle strength and walking ability are easy to administer and it is recommended that they be routinely assessed in the clinical setting. The results of the present study add to the body of knowledge that muscle function is an important component of health and disease.
We thank our colleagues who performed examinations in Gothenburg, Alingsås, Linköping, and Stockholm during the study as well as SAS-programmer Anders Pehrsson, MSc and Senior Biostatistician Nils-Gunnar Pehrsson, BA.
The study was supported financially by the Swedish Rheumatism Association, the Swedish Research Council (K2009-52P-20943-03-2, K2011-69X-21874-01-6, K2009-69P-21300-04-4, K2013-52X-22199-01-3, K2015-99×-21874-05-04, K2009-52P-20943-03-2), the Health and Medical Care Executive Board of Västra Götaland Region, ALF-LUA at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Stockholm County Council (ALF) and the Gothenburg Center for Person Centered Care (GPCC), Karolinska Institutet Foundation and AFA Insurance (140341). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
As additional analyses from this randomized, controlled trial are currently underway, the authors will not share their data until the analyses have been completed.
The authors of this multicenter study contributed as follows (research site specified in parentheses): AL (Gothenburg site) contributed with study design, data analysis, interpretation of the data, and the first draft of the manuscript; AP (Gothenburg site) contributed with study design and data analysis; JB (Gothenburg site) contributed with acquisition and interpretation of data; ML (Stockholm site) contributed with acquisition of data; ME (Stockholm site) participated in study conception and study design; BG (Linköping site) contributed with study conception, study design, and acquisition of data; EK (Stockholm site) contributed with study conception, study design, and acquisition of data; KM (Gothenburg site) contributed with study conception, study design, and the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. All the authors were involved in the drafting of the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All the authors approved the final version of the article.
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, with approval for all sites i.e. Gothenburg, Stockholm and Linköping, from the Regional Ethics Committee at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm (2010/1121–31/3). All the participants were given written and oral information and written consent was obtained.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No financial conflicts of interest are declared for any of the authors.


text:
Add to my manuals
Delete from my manuals
Manual will be automatically added to "My Manuals"
× Bookmark added
× Added to my manuals
EW44*A Series
Installation and setup
Honeywell EW44*A Series Installation And Setup
Mechanical heatmeters
Download this manual
Fig. 1. EW447 (cables removed)
Fig. 2. EW447F (with RF)
Honeywell All rights reserved
EW447-EW452 Series
FOR HEATING AND COOLING APPLICATIONS
Contents ............................................................................... 1
General ................................................................................. 2
Application .......................................................................... 2
Features ............................................................................. 2
Design ................................................................................ 2
Materials ............................................................................. 2
Approvals ........................................................................... 2
Technical Details ................................................................. 2
Specifications ..................................................................... 2
Flow data ............................................................................ 3
Sizing .............................................................................. 3
Function ............................................................................. 3
Installation and Setup ......................................................... 4
Software .......................................................................... 4
Communication and Readout ............................................. 5
Typical Readout Applications ......................................... 5
Identification ....................................................................... 6
Dimensions ........................................................................ 7
Ordering Details ................................................................... 8
Ordering Information .......................................................... 8
Scope of Delivery ............................................................... 9
Accessories ........................................................................ 9
Diagrams ............................................................................ 11
Measuring Accuracy ......................................................... 11
Flow Diagram ................................................................... 12
EN0H-2601GE25 R0413
Related Manuals for Honeywell EW44*A Series
Measuring Instruments Honeywell EWA600C-RF55C Operating And Installation Instructions
Multilingual. heat and chilled water meters with optional rf communication module (132 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell E3Point User Manual
Standalone gas monitor/gas detection device (48 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Enraf 854 ATG Installation Manual
Advanced technology gauge (25 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Themis alpha EI2 Operating Instructions For Consumers
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Themis alpha EI2 Operating Instructions For Operators And Installers
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Elster EK280 Applications Manual
Measuring Instruments Honeywell enCore FC Series Operating Instructions Manual
Flow computer (133 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Envitec MySignO Operating Manual
Oxygen measuring device (44 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell KA 54 Installation Manual
Radar altimeter (77 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell BK-G1.6A Operating Instructions Manual
Diaphragm gas meters (14 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell HERMetic UTImeter Gtex Chem Operation And Service Manual
Portable gas tight electronic gauging device ullage - temperature - interface detector (76 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell BendixKing KN 62A Installation Manual
Distance measuring equipment (62 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Chadwick-Helmuth 8500C Maintenance Manual
Balancer/analyzer system (186 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell 3400 Installation Instructions Manual
E-mon series, advanced kwh/demand meter with communications (64 pages)
Measuring Instruments Honeywell AUTOCUBE 8200 User Manual
Measuring Instruments Honeywell Vertex Operating Manual
72-point continuous monitor (321 pages)
Summary of Contents for Honeywell EW44*A Series
Page 1: Table Of Contents
Ordering Details ..............8 Ordering Information ............8 Scope of Delivery ............... 9 Accessories ................ 9 Diagrams ................11 Fig. 1. EW447 (cables removed) Measuring Accuracy ............11 Flow Diagram ..............12 Fig. 2. EW447F (with RF) Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 2: General
EW447-EW452 SERIES MECHANICAL HEATMETERS GENERAL TECHNICAL DETAILS Application Specifications Honeywell EW447-452 Series mechanical meters are compact Sizes DN15…DN100 heat or chilled water meters with electronic measurement qp0.6…60m³/h based on the multijet principle, consisting of an electronic Medium Water, quality to VDI2035 energy calculator, a multijet flow sensor and two temperature sensors.
Page 3: Flow Data
The multijet technology of the flow sensor permits high measuring accuracy. Standard place of installation is return pipeline. For installation in supply a different version has to be used. Meters cannot be reconfigured from return to supply pipeline usage in the field. Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 4: Installation And Setup
In general it is not necessary to parametrise EW447-452 meters in the field unless standard values should be changed. Such changes can be done with the HydroSet software which you can download free of charge from http://metering.ecc.emea.honeywell.com/. EN0H-2601GE25 R0413 Honeywell All rights reserved...
Page 5: Communication And Readout
The factory fitted M-Bus interface allows direct wiring to MBus enables the meter to be attached to a suitable RF network. networks. Alternative : M model + EW9100AEZ001 The M-Bus interface allows direct wiring to external RF trans- mitter EW9100AEZ001. Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 6: Identification
Identification All EW447 – EW452 • Dark grey calculator housing with Honeywell logo and OS- Number starting with 'EW4xx…' lasered onto front panel • 7-digit LCD display • Models with MID approval: CE mark and MID approval on centre of front panel •...
Page 7: Dimensions
18 kg 24 kg 28 kg NOTE: All dimensions in mm unless stated otherwise. Length L2 is approximate and varies depending on type of fitting used Weight is without fittings or any other accessories Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 8: Ordering Details
For fallpipe installation, with M-Bus interface Threaded 3.5 m³/h 135 mm EW6001FM2500 connections For riser installation, with M-Bus interface Threaded 6.0 m³/h 135 mm EW6001RM3300 connections 10 m³/h 150 mm EW6001RM4200 EN0H-2601GE25 R0413 Honeywell All rights reserved...
Page 9: Scope Of Delivery
2 x VA7404A025 n.a. Sanpress crimp fitting Connection set with 2 x VA7403A015 2 x VA7403A020 2 x VA7403A025 n.a. Mapress crimp fitting Ball valves Ball valve with additional EWA087HY003 EWA087HY004 EWA087HY005 n.a. port Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 10 EWA3003095B Ballvalve with direct connection for temperature sensor. For more than 20 meters EWA3003095C Temperature sensor installation kit required DN15, G1/2" internal thread EWA087HY004 DN20, G 3/4" internal thread EWA087HY005 DN25, G1"internal thread EWA087HY006 Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 11: Diagrams
EW447-EW452 SERIES MECHANICAL HEATMETERS DIAGRAMS Measuring Accuracy Flow rate [m Fig. 11. EW447 and EW450 Series Flow rate [m Fig. 12. EW448 and EW451 Series Flow rate [m Fig. 13. EW449 and EW452 Series Honeywell All rights reserved EN0H-2601GE25 R0413...
Page 12: Flow Diagram
Subject to change without notice Manufactured for and on behalf of the Environmental and Combustion Phone: +49 (6261) 810 Controls Division of Honeywell Technologies Sàrl, Z.A. La Pièce 16, Fax: +49 (6261) 81393 1180 Rolle, Switzerland or its Authorized Representative.
This manual is also suitable for:
Ew45*a seriesEw447 seriesEw446 seriesEw448 seriesEw449 seriesEw450 series ... Show all
Ew44*m seriesEw451 seriesEw45*m seriesEw452 seriesEw45*p seriesEw447a0100Ew44*p seriesEw450a0100Ew447a1200Ew450a1200Ew447a2000Ew450a2000Ew448a2800Ew448a3600Ew451a2800Ew451a3600Ew448a4600Ew451a4600Ew449a5100Ew452a5100Ew449a5900Ew452a5900Ew449a6900Ew452a6900Ew447f1200Ew452a7700Ew449a7700Ew450f1200Ew447m0100Ew447m1200Ew450m0100Ew447m2000Ew450m1200Ew451m2800Ew448m3600Ew448m2800Ew450m2000Ew451m3600Ew451m4600Ew448m4600Ew449m5100Ew452m5100Ew452m5900Ew449m5900Ew449m6900Ew449m7700Ew452m6900Ew452m7700Ew447p0100Ew450p0100Ew447p1200Ew450p1200Ew447p2000Ew450p2000Ew451p2800Ew448p2800Ew448p3600Ew448p4600Ew451p3600Ew451p4600Ew449p5100Ew449p5900Ew452p5100Ew452p5900Ew452p6900Ew449p6900Ew449p7700Ew452p7700Ew6001fm2500Ew6001rm3300Ew6001rm4200
Print page 1 Print document (12 pages)
Rename the bookmark
Delete bookmark?
Delete from my manuals?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is one of the most common feedbacks that I get from my visual workshop students.
Start to visualize, get your pen ready!
– #Visualize for business and personal development purposes.
So, how do you create a clear vision for yourself, your team and your audience to achieve successful projects… without shiny pictures, just with the power of your scribbled thoughts and ideas?
Once you start visualizing even your hidden, most wanted goals for yourself & others to see, you are making them a reality – step by step, stroke by stroke.
My workshops create a space of collective learning. This is where participants experience how their inner roadblocks get dissolved in real-time – simply by following my visualization process.
Are you curious to learn how to apply visualization to your own teamwork, a specific project or long term development? I invite you to reach out to me: Let me know what visual ability or outcome you would like to train or get. According to your mission statement I'll be happy to co-create a fitting workshop format for you.


ALGONA – Almost all of the opinions expressed during Wednesday's (Sept. 14) public meeting did not support the building of wind turbines in Kossuth County.
The Kossuth County Board of Supervisors has recognized that the current zoning ordinance does not address commercial wind energy conversion systems and has implemented a moratorium on processing applications to construct the systems until Nov. 30. In addition, the board of supervisors has amended its Zoning Comprehensive Plan to guide them in developing specific zoning provisions.
For the complete story, pick up the Sept. 22 issue of the Algona Upper Des Moines.


text:
Susan Scutti
@susanscutti
Susan Scutti works as a reporter for Medical Daily and contributes on occasion to Newsweek magazine. She also writes novels. Her stories, poems, and reviews have been published in The Christian Science Monitor, New York Quarterly, Philadelphia Review of Books, Sensitive Skin, and other journals and anthologies. She graduated from Yale, later earned a Master's from CUNY. Generally, she prefers dogs to cats.
Articles By Susan Scutti
If You Believe The Mentally Ill Are Violent, Blame Mainstream Media
Nearly four in 10 analyzed news stories focusing on mental disorders connect psychiatric illness with violence toward others.
June 7, 2016 3:09 PM By Susan Scutti
6 Health Issues That Are Beginning To Strike Younger People
Sexually transmitted diseases, type 2 diabetes, and eating disorders are among the six conditions trending younger than in the past.
June 7, 2016 10:11 AM By Susan Scutti
Cigarette Packs With This Design Get More People To Quit Smoking
Pictures illustrating the dangers of inhaling tobacco smoke were more likely to inspire smokers to attempt quitting than the familiar text-only package warnings.
June 6, 2016 12:54 PM By Susan Scutti
The Reasons Women Don't Exercise Vary By Weight
Women with a higher BMI face more barriers to physical activity, including depression and injuries, than normal-weight women.
Why Older People Are Far Less Likely To Gamble
Older folks are not risk-averse, it's more that they find the reward not worth the gamble.
15.5 Million Americans Are Cancer Survivors
As of Jan. 1, 2016, more than 15.5 million Americans have a history of cancer; in 2026, this number will reach more than 20 million.
Genetic Mutation Causes Rare Form Of MS
Scientists discovered a rare mutation that makes it very likely a person will develop a devastating form of MS.
If There's Anything Stoners Should Do For Better Health, It's Brush Their Teeth
Long-term marijuana use is linked to gum disease at mid-life, but no other health problems: study.
Texting While Driving Kills Far Too Many Teens
Nearly 60 percent of teen car accidents are due to distractions behind the wheel, with texting and social media use on the rise.
June 1, 2016 9:46 AM By Susan Scutti
This Brain Region Helps Us Make Decisions About New Information
The mediodorsal thalamus supports adaptive decision-making, our negotiation of changing situations, such as walking down a street.
May 31, 2016 1:10 PM By Susan Scutti
Suicide Attempts Among US Army Soldiers More Likely Before Combat: Study
Never-deployed soldiers were at highest risk of a suicide attempt between 2004 and 2009 of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.
Can A Wingman Really Help You Get A Date?
The "cheerleader effect" means people seem more attractive in a group than they do on their own.
May 27, 2016 10:51 AM By Susan Scutti


I have been a registered SRI advisor since 1999, first as a member of Progressive Asset Management, and more recently as a co-founder of Greenvest.
Greenvest is a team of Financial Advisors with collectively 41 years of SRI/ESG experience who provide personal consulting on socially responsible investing, then create custom investment portfolios that align with each client's individual social values, risk tolerance and financial goals. Whether it is supporting renewable energy, organic food, or community development, we believe proactive investing can be used as a powerful force for social change.
We also offer "negative screening," keeping unwanted companies such as those involved with weapons manufacturing, fossil fuel, fracking, pipelines, and nuclear power, as well as the more egregious corporate citizens such as Wal-Mart and Monsanto, out of client portfolios.
In our long experience as SRI advisors, we have learned that more than anything people want a trustworthy personal consultant to help them make the right SRI choices.
That's the Greenvest difference. We take the time to really listen to your financial needs and social concerns, then explain in plain English every concept so you feel truly comfortable in moving ahead. We help guide you to the right types of accounts: taxable, tax-advantaged or trusts - to maximize long-term returns. We create customized SRI portfolio(s) for your unique situation and beliefs, and we are available to you throughout the year to answer questions and monitor your investments.
Treasurer of the Board of Directors for the Watermelon Wednesdays Summer Concert Series, West Whately, MA.
So you can sample the quality of our analysis before committing to any asset management relationship, we offer a complimentary and confidential evaluation of your current investments based on three important criteria: performance, risk and alignment with your social values. This gives you a chance to evaluate us in more detail. Again, there is no charge or obligation for this introductory service.
Representative registered with and securities offered through Vanderbilt Securities, LLC, a Registered Broker/Dealer, Member FINRA & SIPC, registered with MSRB. Advisory Services offered through Vanderbilt Advisory Services, LLC. Clearing Agent: National Financial Services, LLC. Greenvest and Vanderbilt Financial Group are unaffiliated entities. Office of Supervisory Jurisdiction: 55 Main Street, Suite #415 Newmarket, NH 03857. Phone: 603.659.7626.
Rob Libon subscribes to a package of professional services offered by First Affirmative Financial Network, LLC. He is not an investment advisor representative of First Affirmative. First Affirmative is not an affiliate or subsidiary of Greenvest. First Affirmative Financial Network is a Registered Investment Advisor (SEC File #801-56587).


text:
Biografia
Levino era probabilmente il nipote di Publio Valerio Levino, console nel 280 a.C.. Fu eletto una prima volta console nel 220 a.C. e una seconda nel 210 a.C..

In Apulia (215-214 a.C.)

Nel 215 a.C., l'anno successivo alla cocente sconfitta romana nella battaglia di Canne per mano di Annibale, era praetor peregrinorum (si occupava, cioè, degli affari riguardanti gli stranieri presenti a Roma); ma, in quel periodo di grande crisi per la Repubblica, tutti i magistrati civili ricevettero comandi militari, e Levino ricevette delle legioni appena tornate dalla Sicilia e una flotta di venticinque vascelli con le quali controllare l'Apulia e la costa tra Brindisi e Taranto.

Mentre era accampato nei pressi di Luceria, gli uomini di avanguardia gli portarono degli ambasciatori di Filippo V di Macedonia; l'ambasciata era indirizzata ad Annibale, ma il capo della delegazione macedone, Senofane, ingannò Levino sullo scopo della missione, sostenendo volesse recarsi presso il senato romano per stringere amicizia e alleanza col popolo romano. Convinse Valerio, non solo a fornirgli delle guide e una scorta per recarsi a Roma, ma anche ad informarlo sui luoghi e sui passaggi occupati dai Romani e dai Cartaginesi. Durante l'autunno di quello stesso anno, riprese Vescellium e altri due villaggi fortificati degli Irpini che si erano ribellate e passate dalla parte di Annibale dopo la sconfitta romana a Canne. Dopo aver lasciato le necessarie guarnigioni romane a Taranto e a Reggio, Levino si acquartierò per l'inverno in Apulia con una legione. Il console Tiberio Sempronio Gracco, avendo condotto le sue legioni da Cuma a Luceria, inviò Marco Valerio Levino a Brundisium con l'esercito che aveva con sé in precedenza a Luceria, incaricandolo di difendere le coste dell'agro salentino e sorvegliare i movimenti di Filippo V di Macedonia in vista di una possibile guerra con la Macedonia.

Prima guerra macedonica (214-210 a.C.)

Alcuni inviati di Oricum, in Epiro, giunsero ai suoi quartieri d'inverno per informarlo della conquista macedone della città da parte di Filippo e del pericolo imminente alla quale era sottoposta Apollonia. Levino attraversò immediatamente l'Adriatico, riconquistò Oricum e inviò ad Apollonia un distaccamento al comando di Quinto Nevio Crista col quale ruppe l'assedio della città, conquistando il campo di Filippo, che fu così costretto a riparare in Macedonia. Concluse anche un accordo con la Lega etolica.

La propretura di Levino fu prorogata per quattro volte, dal 214 al 211 a.C.: nel 214 si acquartierò ad Oricum, poi dal 213 al 211 controllò con la flotta romana di cinquanta navi, i movimenti di Filippo in Etolia ed Acaia. Agli inizi 211 a.C., a Marco Valerio fu destinata nuovamente la difesa dei litorali di Grecia con 50 navi ed una legione.

Mentre era ancora lontano da Roma, durante i comizi della fine del 211 a.C. fu eletto console per la seconda volta, senza nemmeno candidarsi, assieme al collega Marco Claudio Marcello: a giovargli fu proprio il servizio prestato nella guerra macedonica. Nel corso di quell'anno di guerra (211 a.C.) riuscì a cacciare i Macedoni dall'isola di Zacinto, da Eniade e Nasus in Acarnania. Dopo aver svernato a Corcira, nella primavera dell'anno successivo (210 a.C.), prese Antikyra che lasciò agli Etoli. Secondo i patti il bottino di guerra andò però ai Romani. Fu proprio durante questo assedio che a Levino venne consegnata una lettera in cui gli si annunciava di essere stato fatto console e che stava per arrivare il suo successore Publio Sulpicio. Sappiamo che Levino, impedito da una lunga malattia, giunse a Roma più tardi di quanto tutti prevedessero.

Alla sua permanenza a Corcira viene ascritta, quale triumvir monetalis, una serie di monete composta da un vittoriato e da un quinario.

Ritorno a Roma (210 a.C.)
A causa di una malattia, Levino non poté tornare a Roma fino all'inizio dell'estate. Sbarcato in Italia, passò da Capua, dove ricevette una gran folla di Campani che, in mezzo alle lacrime, lo scongiurava di permettere loro di raggiungere Roma a pregare i senatori, affinché non li conducessero all'estrema rovina a causa del proconsole Quinto Fulvio Flacco. Flacco dichiarò di non aver alcun odio personale contro i Campani. Egli semplicemente provava verso di loro quell'ostilità che derivava dal fatto di sapere che i Campani erano carichi dello stesso odio verso il popolo romano. Tito Livio afferma:

Questo il motivo per cui Flacco li teneva chiusi tra le loro mura, per evitare che potessero vagare nelle campagne circostanti come bestie feroci, a massacrare chiunque incontrassero. Egli dichiarò a Levino che alcuni di loro si erano rifugiati da Annibale, mentre altri avevano incendiato il foro romano a Roma. Il console Levino, infatti, avrebbe trovato il Foro mezzo bruciato da alcuni Campani, denunciati e poi messi a morte dopo regolare processo davanti al senato. Flacco affermò di non ritenere sicuro, permettere ai Campani di entrare nelle mura di Roma, ma Levino, dopo che i Campani giurarono a Flacco che sarebbero ritornati a Capua cinque giorni dopo aver ricevuto la risposta del senato, ordinò che lo seguissero fino a Roma. Circondato da questa folla e contemporaneamente da quella dei Siciliani che, andati incontro a Levino, lo avevano seguito lamentandosi similmente del console Marco Claudio Marcello, sembrò quasi che Levino si dolesse dello sterminio di due famosissime città, guidando a Roma, come accusatori, quelli che erano stati vinti in battaglia da due illustri generali come Flacco e Marcello.

Entrò quindi a Roma accompagnato non solo dai rappresentanti di Capua e Siracusa, ma anche con molti della Lega etolica. Il neoeletto console espose davanti al senato quale fosse la situazione in Macedonia, Grecia, Etolia, Acarnania e nella Locride e quali fossero state le sue imprese per terra e per mare. Aggiunse che il re Filippo, quando portò guerra agli Etoli, venne ricacciato indietro in Macedonia, rifugiandosi fin nelle regioni più interne del regno. Sarebbe stato così possibile richiamare da quell'area una legione, poiché bastava la flotta a tenere il re lontano dall'Italia.

Tra Sicilia e Africa (210-207 a.C.)

Dopo aver fatto rapporto al Senato romano dei suoi tre anni di guerra contro il regno di Macedonia, nel sorteggio delle province, ricevette l'Italia con l'incarico di condurre la guerra contro Annibale, ma fece scambio col collega Marcello, ottenendo alla fine la Sicilia, in quanto i Siracusani si erano lamentati della nomina di Marcello a governatore dell'isola. A Levino toccò poi il compito di congedare l'esercito che era stato comandato da Marco Cornelio Cetego.

La Repubblica aveva bisogno di fondi per rifornire la flotta, ma un editto in tal senso aveva preoccupato il popolo romano e gli alleati italici, già oppressi da una forte tassazione per finanziare la guerra in Italia; Levino propose allora che tutti coloro che avevano ricoperto magistrature curuli e tutti i membri del Senato portassero volontariamente al tesoro tutto il loro oro, argento e bronzo, sia coniato che in lingotti, ad eccezione di quanto necessario per i sacrifici di famiglia, per gli anelli degli equites, per le bulle dei ragazzi o per alcuni ornamenti femminili. La proposta fu accolta per acclamazione e messa in pratica, calmando il malcontento del popolo e permettendo a Levino di partire per la Sicilia.

Giunta ormai l'estate del 210 a.C., era ormai prossimo il periodo per tenere i comizi per l'elezione dei consoli. Al console Marco Claudio Marcello spettava il compito di indire le nuove elezione, in qualità di console anziano, ma egli con una lettera aveva risposto al Senato che lo richiamava, ritenendo che fosse dannoso alla repubblica allontanarsi da Annibale, ora che gli era appresso e lo incalzava costantemente, mentre il Cartaginese si ritraeva e rifiutava la battaglia. Il Senato, una volta ricevuta la missiva, si trovò ad affrontare la questione in uno stato di perplessità ed incertezza, dovendo valutare se fosse meglio richiamare dalla guerra un console impegnato in un'impresa tanto difficile oppure se rinunciare ad avere dei nuovi consoli per l'anno 209 a.C.. Alla fine la miglior soluzione parve quella di richiamare dalla Sicilia il console Valerio Levino, anche se si trovava fuori dell'Italia. Il Senato ordinò al pretore urbano Lucio Manlio di inviare una lettera a Valerio, unitamente a quella inviata da Marcello al Senato, affinché lo stesso fosse informato sulle ragioni che avevano portato a richiamarlo dalla provincia al posto del collega più anziano.

Valerio Levino con dieci navi partì per Roma e vi arrivò felicemente, dopo aver affidato il governo della provincia ed il comando dell'esercito al pretore Lucio Cincio Alimento, oltre ad aver inviato il comandante della flotta, Marco Valerio Messalla, con una parte delle navi in Africa a spiare i preparativi dei Cartaginesi ed a predare quelle terre. Qualche tempo più tardi, una volta rientrato dalla campagna militare africana, Valerio Messalla fece un'inchiesta fra i prigionieri, venendo a conoscere tutta una serie di dati che si premurò di comunicare per iscritto al console Levino, affinché fosse informato sulla reale situazione in Africa. Prima di tutto a Cartagine si trovavano 5.000 Numidi con Massinissa, figlio di Gala e fierissimo giovane. Vi erano poi altri soldati mercenari arruolati in tutta l'Africa per essere condotti in Spagna agli ordini di Asdrubale, il quale avrebbe dovuto congiungersi col fratello Annibale in Italia, insieme ad un esercito imponente. A Cartagine riponevano in questo piano ogni speranza di vittoria.

Frattanto Levino, che si trovava a Roma, convocò il Senato e lo informò di aver espulso definitivamente i Cartaginesi dall'isola e di aver domato l'intera isola, dove per quasi sessant'anni si era combattuto per terra e per mare e dove gli stessi Romani avevano subìto anche grandi sconfitte. Tutti quei Siciliani che erano fuggiti per timore della guerra, erano ormai ritornati nelle città ad arare e a seminare i loro campi, mentre la terra era tornata di nuovo produttiva, tanto da costituire un sicuro contributo per il vettovagliamento in pace e in guerra per le armate romane. Le porte di Agrigento gli erano state aperte da Muttine, un capo numida scontento dei Cartaginesi. Quest'ultimo fu allora introdotto in senato, insieme a tutti coloro che si erano dimostrati favorevoli ai Romani. A questi furono tributati onori secondo la promessa del console. Muttine divenne cittadino romano sulla base di un preciso disegno di legge di uni dei tribuni della plebe, sottoposto all'approvazione del popolo ed all'autorizzazione del Senato. Dalla relazione era emerso poi che ben sessantasei città, sei le conquistò per assalto, venti caddero per tradimento e quaranta gli si arresero volontariamente. Trovati, infine, ad Agathyrna una moltitudine composta da criminali, disertori e schiavi fuggiaschi, che costituiva una minaccia per la sicurezza pubblica, li inviò a Reggio, dove svolsero un ruolo utile alla Repubblica attuando incursioni nel Bruzio contro Annibale.

Frattanto giunse a Levino una lettera del prefetto Messalla che lo informava di aver saputo della costruzione di una grande flotta da parte dei Cartaginesi per tentare di riprendersi la Sicilia. Messalla era convinto che questa flotta sarebbe salpata a breve. Quando questa lettera venne letta dal console Levino in Senato, provocò una tale impressione davanti all'assemblea riunita, da deliberare all'istante che il console non dovesse attendere i comizi, ma che, non appena fosse stato nominato un dittatore per la loro convocazione, ritornasse immediatamente nella sua provincia. Su questo punto il Senato e Levino entrarono in conflitto. Levino, infatti, pur facendo il nome del prefetto della flotta siciliana, Valerio Messalla, come dittatore, insistette nel voler effettuare la scelta dopo il suo ritorno, dalla Sicilia. Questo era però in contrasto con la consuetudine che voleva che la nomina fosse fatta entro in confini dell'Italia.

Fu così che il tribuno della plebe Marco Lucrezio sollevò la questione in Senato, tanto che quest'ultimo deliberò che il console, prima di partire da Roma, chiedesse al popolo quale dittatore volesse scegliere, in quanto quello che il popolo avesse indicato, Levino sarebbe stato obbligato ad eleggere. Nel caso poi il console non avesse accettato la proposta, sarebbe stato il pretore ad interpellare il popolo; se anche quest'ultimo non avesse consentito a farlo, allora i tribuni si sarebbero appellati direttamente al popolo. Levino, per nulla d'accordo con questa decisione, sosteneva che fosse di sua competenza la nomina del dittatore e che non spettasse né al pretore, né ai tribuni. Alla fine il popolo scelse come dittatore Quinto Fulvio che si trovava presso Capua.

Levino allora, il giorno stesso in cui si tenne l'assemblea della plebe, partì di nascosto di notte per la Sicilia. I senatori delusi per il comportamento del console, decisero di inviare una lettera a Claudio Marcello affinché venisse in soccorso della repubblica per eleggere come dittatore chi era stato scelto dal popolo. Alla fine Marcello creò dittatore Quinto Fulvio, il quale a sua volte, per delibera della plebe, nominò come magister equitum il pontefice massimo Publio Licinio Crasso.

Levino continuò a governare la Sicilia come proconsole per tutto il 209 a.C., insieme al propretore Lucio Cincio. Il suo esercito era composto dai resti delle legioni di Gaio Terenzio Varrone e Gneo Fulvio Centumalo Massimo, le quali, per le sconfitte riportate rispettivamente a Canne (216) e nella battaglia di Herdonia (212), erano state condannate a restare all'estero fino alla fine della guerra. Fu, inoltre, disposto dal Senato che venissero inviate trenta quinquererni a Taranto dalla Sicilia al console Quinto Fabio Massimo. Con l'altra parte della flotta, Valerio Levino poteva o condurre una campagna in Africa per depredare quei territori, oppure inviarvi, a sua discrezione i suoi luogotenenti, il propretore Lucio Cincio Alimento o Marco Valerio Messalla.

Fu così che il console Fabio Massimo ordinò al figlio, Quinto Massimo, di recuperare i resti dell'esercito di Fulvio Centumalo, circa 4.334 soldati, e di condurli al proconsole Marco Valerio, ricevendo in cambio da questi due legioni e trenta quiqueremi. Queste legioni, una volta condotte via dall'isola, non diminuirono in realtà il potenziale militare della provincia siciliana. Di fatto oltre alle due vecchie legioni a pieni ranghi, Levino poté disporre di una grande quantità di disertori Numidi, tra fanti e cavalieri. Erano, inoltre, stati reclutati anche delle forze indigene nell'isola, uomini che in passato avevano militato nell'esercito di Epicide o in quello dei Cartaginesi. Levino riuscì a mantenere con l'aggiunta di queste milizie straniere, almeno all'apparenza, le forze pari a due eserciti; comandò quindi a Lucio Cincio di difendere con uno di questi la parte dell'isola orientale, dove una volta sorgeva il regno di Gerone di Siracusa. Levino avrebbe invece presidiato con l'altro esercito la parte dell'isola ad Occidente. Anche la flotta di settanta navi fu spartita in modo da difendere l'intero litorale dell'isola.

Lo stesso Levino perlustrò la provincia con la cavalleria di Muttine, in modo da prendere nota delle terre coltivate e di quelle incolte, lodando o punendo i proprietari terrieri. E così grazie a questa particolare vigilanza, si ebbe una tale produzione di grano da inviare l'eccedenza a Roma e in parte a Catania, in modo da poter rifornire anche l'esercito che avrebbe dato l'assalto durante l'estate alla città di Taranto.

Nel 208 a.C., mentre era ancora proconsole, Levino attraversò il canale di Sicilia con cento navi e sbarcò in Africa, saccheggiando i dintorni di Clupea, sbaragliando una flotta punica e ritornando col bottino a Lilibeo; l'anno successivo (207 a.C.) ripeté l'azione con uguale successo, inviando i propri rifornitori intorno alle mura di Utica e respingendo uno squadrone nemico inviato a tagliargli la via del ritorno.

Nuove importanti missioni (206-204 a.C.)
Nel 206 a.C. tornò in Italia con i propri contingenti e, all'arrivo di Magone in Liguria l'anno successivo (205 a.C.) fu inviato a presidiare Arretium in Etruria con due legioni cittadine.

Poco dopo fu inviato a Delfi e poi alla corte di Pergamo da Attalo I, assieme ad altri quattro ambasciatori; il loro compito fu quello di portare in Italia la Magna Mater. La "Pietra sacra" di Pessinunte che rappresentava appunto la Grande Madre, Cibele (Kybèle), che dava importantissimi oracoli. La frigia Pessinunte faceva parte del regno di Galazia: lì si reco un'ambasceria romana nel 204 a.C. inviata dal Senato dopo il consulto dei Libri Sibillini. Il risultato fu il trasferimento del presumibile meteorite a Roma e l'avvio dell'importante culto (anche se la sua piena adozione avvenne sotto l'imperatore Claudio), che aprì Roma ai riti orientali.

Ultimi anni (204-200 a.C.)

Nel 204 a.C. sostenne in Senato il rimborso dei prestiti volontari al tesoro fatti durante il suo consolato, sei anni prima. Nel 203, nel dibattito sui termini del trattato da concedere a Cartagine, Levino sostenne la proposta di respingere senza ascoltarli gli ambasciatori e di continuare la guerra, consiglio che fu accettato: questa posizione lo identifica come un appartenente alla fazione guidata dagli Scipioni.

All'inizio della seconda guerra macedonica nel 201-200 a.C., Levino fu inviato ancora una volta in qualità di propretore, con una flotta e un esercito, in Grecia settentrionale. Il suo rapporto sulle preparazioni di Filippo diede un nuovo impulso agli sforzi della Repubblica.

Morì nel 200 a.C.; i figli Publio e Marco ne onorarono la memoria con giochi funebri e combattimenti gladiatorii, celebrati per quattro giorni consecutivi nel foro.

Note

Bibliografia

Fonti antiche
  (traduzione inglese ).
  (testo latino ).

  (testo latino ).
  (testo latino  e traduzione inglese ).

 (testo latino  e versione inglese ).
  (testo latino).
  (testo greco  e traduzione inglese).
 (traduzione in inglese qui e qui).
  (traduzione inglese).
  (testo latino).

Fonti storiografiche moderne

Voci correlate
 Consoli repubblicani romani
 Gens Valeria

Collegamenti esterni

 Articolo su Marco Valerio Levino a Brindisi

Levino, Valerio, Marco
Levino, Marco
Levino, Valerio, Marco
Levino, Valerio, Marco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CSEA members from the Village of Bayville sanitation and highway units attend the clean-up safety training at village hall.
James Samuels, right, discusses safety concerns with CSEA OSH Specialist Jeff Hyman, left.
BAYVILLE — CSEA offers members many different occupational safety and health trainings at no cost to our members to help reduce the risk of injury, illness and death on the job.
One of those trainings is the Clean-Up Safety class.
Recently, a group of members from the Village of Bayville Unit's sanitation and highway departments gathered together at village hall to attend the Clean-up Safety class and to discuss the numerous hazards members face on the job.
Items like nails, yard waste and chemicals can be very harmful to our members if they unknowingly come in contact with them while attempting to dispose of waste.
One member mentioned that he wound up with scratches along his arm after making an effort to throw out a black bag that he was unaware consisted of broken glass.
Paul Iannotta reviews the Clean-Up Safety training manual.
Another member told a story about an explosion occurring because someone put kerosene in an unmarked black garbage bag.
These are just a few of the hazards that our members face during their shifts.
When you factor in exposure to insects, bodily fluids and disposing of vermin, it's no wonder that the Clean-Up Safety class is necessary.
If you are interested in having any of the OSH trainings made available to your local or unit, call the Long Island Region office at 631-462-0030 and ask for CSEA Occupational Safety and Health Specialist Jeff Hyman, who covers our region.


January 25, 2016, Winnipeg, Man – An extension professor with University of Missouri says the economic value of livestock manure will depend very much on the crop that it's being used to fertilize.
How to Extract More Value From Manure will be discussed as part of the 2016 Manitoba Swine Seminar, February 3 and 4 in Winnipeg.
Dr. Ray Massey, an extension professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Missouri, says livestock manure provides primarily nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that are valued as fertilizer as well as organic matter and micronutrients.
"So really, the value of the manure depends on what nutrient the farmer is looking for and I encourage farmers to speak of it in dollars per acre rather than dollars per thousand gallons because that puts it back on what nutrient is actually being sought.
Dr. Massey says, with regards to region to region, some areas have more productive cropland and will need more nutrients where as an area that does not have productive cropland, perhaps mostly grass, won't have as great a need for nutrients and the manure will not have as great a value.


text:
Singapore activist sued by PM breaks down in court
Blogger Roy Ngerng, who is being sued by Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, speaks to the media at the Supreme Court after a defamation hearing in Singapore on July 1, 2015
A Singaporean activist found guilty of defaming the prime minister in a high profile case broke down under intense questioning Friday as he told the court he just wanted to speak up for the people of the city-state. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong sued Roy Ngerng in May 2014 over a blog post that accused the 63-year-old leader of misusing money from the state pension scheme, the Central Provident Fund (CPF), a sensitive issue for officials in the city-state known to have the least corrupt government in Asia. The defamation suit is the first ever brought by a Singapore leader against an online critic, but international human rights groups have repeatedly accused Singapore's leaders of using financially ruinous libel actions to silence opponents. "Let us be honest, we all know that I am being persecuted. We all know that just because I spoke against the CPF I am being persecuted," Ngerng, 34, said as he broke down for a second time during the final day of hearings to determine the amount of damages to be awarded to Lee. "I do not hate the prime minister and I sincerely apologise to him but we need to speak up for the people," he said, after which the judge called for a break. He repeatedly apologised for defaming Lee but the premier's lawyer portrayed his apologies as insincere and tore through Ngerng's affidavit seeking minimal or no damages. Ngerng has already admitted that he defamed Lee and offered Sg$5,000 (US$3,700) in compensation. Lee has not asked for a specific amount but the typical minimum value of damage claims for defamation in the High Court is Sg$250,000. The judge gave both parties until August 31 to give their written submissions before he sets the amount of damages. Davinder Singh, a top trial lawyer representing Lee, highlighted the defendant's actions which he said repeated the libel. "You have shown no remorse, contrition or sincerity," Singh told the activist, who was representing himself at the hearing. Under questioning, Ngerng said the London-based Media Legal Defence Initiative, which helps journalists, bloggers and independent media outlets around the world, had given him £5,000 (US$7,800) for his legal defence. Ngerng said he had already spent Sg$110,000 he raised last year from a crowdfunding effort to cover his legal fees and other related costs. The local media in Singapore is tightly controlled, leaving amateur bloggers as the strongest critics of the long-ruling People's Action Party. International media outlets including Bloomberg, The Economist and the Financial Times have previously paid damages and apologised to Singaporean leaders including Lee and his father, the late former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew, for publishing articles found to be defamatory. The Lees and other ruling-party leaders have maintained that the lawsuits are necessary to protect their reputations from unfounded attacks.
NATO chief asks S. Korea to 'step up' military support for Ukraine
Markets struggle before rate decisions
Stock markets wavered on Monday as central banks will lift interest rates again later this week in their battle against high inflation.The US Federal Reserve is forecast Wednesday to lift interest rates by just 25 basis points, down from a half-point hike last month, which followed four straight 75-point increases.
WEEKLY ROUND-UP: Sports happenings in Singapore (23-29 Jan)
Here is a round-up of sports events and developments in Singapore in the past week (23 to 29 January).
Finland still hopes to join NATO together with Sweden, Finland's foreign minister said Monday after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's remarks that Ankara could accept Helsinki's bid without its Nordic neighbour."Our strong desire in Finland has been and still is to join NATO together with Sweden," Foreign Minister Pekka Haavisto told reporters in Helsinki, adding: "our position remains the same."Ankara has refused to ratify the two countries' NATO membership bids, primarily because of Sweden's refusal to extradite dozens of suspects that Ankara links to outlawed Kurdish fighters and a failed 2016 coup attempt.Sweden has a bigger Kurdish diaspora than Finland and a more serious dispute with Ankara.Turkey has also reacted with fury to a decision by the Swedish police to allow a protest at which a far-right extremist burned a copy of the Koran outside the Turkish embassy in Stockholm earlier this month.It has been outraged, too, by a Swedish prosecutor's decision not to press charges against a pro-Kurdish group that hung an effigy of Erdogan by its ankles outside Stockholm City Court.Following those incidents, Ankara last week suspended the two countries' NATO accession talks.The decision has threatened to derail the bloc's hopes of expanding to 32 countries at a summit planned for July in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius.Erdogan has dug in his heels, heading into a tightly contested May 14 election in which he is trying to energise his conservative and nationalist support base.On Sunday, he drew a clear distinction between the positions taken by Sweden and Finland in the past few months."If necessary, we can give a different response concerning Finland. Sweden will be shocked when we give a different response for Finland," Erdogan said.- 'Our closest ally' -But Haavisto, who said he had held talks with his Turkish counterpart following Erdogan's remarks, rejected that option."Sweden is our closest ally in defence and foreign policy," he said."I still see the NATO summit in Vilnius in July as an important milestone when I hope that both countries will be accepted as NATO members at the latest.""President Erdogan's statement proves that there is a positive will in Turkey to advance the NATO process quickly if needed," Haavisto added.Finland and Sweden dropped decades of military non-alignment and applied to join the US-led defence alliance in May last year in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.Finland would prefer to join together -- the two nations have a deep and longstanding defence cooperation -- but Helsinki is also eager for membership to happen as quickly as possible given its 1,300-kilometre (800-mile) eastern border with Russia.Finland spent more than a century as part of the Russian empire until it gained independence in 1917. It was then invaded by the Soviet Union in 1939. Asked how long Finland could reasonably wait for Sweden, Haavisto replied: "We have patience."The foreign minister also noted that "so many countries gave us security assurances when we started this NATO" application process, referring to pledges from the United States and Britain among others to provide security until the two countries becomes full members.All 30 members of NATO must ratify Sweden's and Finland's applications. So far, Turkey and Hungary are the only holdouts.The Hungarian legislature is expected to approve both bids in February or March.bur-po/jll/kjm
It is Malaysia Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim's first visit to Singapore since he became PM last year. Here's what he plans to do for his one-day visit.
Adani fails to stem stock rout at Indian business empire
Gautam Adani's vast Indian business empire lost billions more dollars in value on Monday after its rejection of claims of widespread fraud failed to reassure investors.On Monday the 60-year-old was eighth in the ranking, which put his wealth at $88.2 billion, down from almost $130 billion before the allegations.


text:
Publications »
What NHS Trusts Can Do to Reduce Waiting Times for Cancer Treatment
Gonzalez-Esuerra, J., Karlsberg, S. and Paling, S.
Seminar Briefing
Sign Up for the OHE News Bulletin
Why not sign up for our news bulletin? Around once a week we will send you a round-up of the latest news, events and publications from OHE.
I'm already signed up No thanks
The NHS Improvement Economics team is part of the Strategy Directorate in NHS Improvement. NHS Improvement aims to implement changes to help improve both quality and efficiency. Recent research by the Economics team intended to support this has included research on A&E performance, NHS staffing, and inpatient falls.
One of the major goals of the recent NHS Long Term Plan is to improve cancer survival rates. A crucial part of that is earlier diagnosis and timely treatment, the focus of the research presented today. A few statistics highlight the importance of this: over 350,000 new cancer cases appear in the UK each year and cancer deaths account for about 28 percent of all deaths in the UK (Cancer Research UK, 2019). The number of newly diagnosed cases each year is somewhat misleading with respect to the burden of cancer on the NHS: around 90-95 percent of patients suspected of having cancer are not diagnosed with cancer. However, all potential cancer patients proceed along the same cancer pathway and undergo the same diagnostic procedures. The total burden, then, is substantial higher than statistics on actual cancer cases imply.
Making Outcome-Based Payment a Reality in the NHS. Phase Two: Practical Considerations
Cole, A., Cubi-Molla, P., Elliott, R., et al.
How is Quality of Life Measured for Health Technology Assessments?
Mott, D., Kumar, G., Sampson, C. and Garau, M.
Drop Dead: Is Anchoring at 'Dead' a Theoretical Requirement in Health State Valuation?
Sampson, C. et al.
How do we Measure the "Value" in Value-Based care?
McKenna, I.
Incentives for R&D: Payment Options and Pricing Challenges
Barros, P.
Personalised Medicine: is it an Oil-Rush or Oil-Spill?
McGuire, A.
Closing the 'Know-Do' Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level
Hunter, D. et al.
Meningococcal Vaccines: An International Comparison of Decision-Making Processes, Frameworks and Methodologies. Are Values Missing?
Hernandez-Villafuerte, K., Shah, K., et al.
Consulting Report
Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Health System Strengthening: A Platforms Perspective
Smith, P.
View all publications »
External authors
Julia Gonzalez-Esuerra
Sarah Karlsberg
Steven Paling
What are the Practical Considerations for Outcome-Based Payment in the NHS?
OHE publishes a research report sponsored by CRUK on the...
Allocating Public Spending Efficiently: Is There a Need for a Better Mechanism to Inform Decisions in the UK and Elsewhere?
Our new paper explores the evidence currently being used to...
Should We 'Drop Dead' from Health State Valuation?
In a new OHE Research Paper, Chris Sampson, David Parkin,...


TRANSCRIPT: "Okay, Steve. We sold a car. Now, what happens? We had this great experience online, right, but we sold the car and we know that it requires a wet signature." This is where you can fail. This is where, when you talk about how we going to put this into place. We're going to put it on our website. We're going to assign maybe one or two product specialists that handle all these deliveries. They'll get a mini, if they take them through the delivery and they'll get a percent of any F & I products they upsell at this point, any add-ons that they add when the customer shows up, any after-market accessories. Anything you want to sell to these people, you can do it at the time of delivery.
The delivery's critical. Whether they've arranged to pick up their vehicle or whether you've arranged to deliver their vehicle, you must and this is critical. You cannot fall down now. You must have all of the paperwork ready. I cannot stress that enough. They did this all online. They truly expect to walk in and sign a piece of paper and grab their keys and leave. All of the paperwork has to be accurate. To-the-penny calculations are critical. Again, that's why it's important to have a great partner who's pulling all the right rates and residuals, who've already worked with all of the banks. And any documents you have requiring wet signatures should be called out.
"Steve, doesn't that go without saying?" No, it doesn't. I've seen these deliveries. I've seen deliveries of people who buy car on eBay for example from dealers. They show up at the dealership and they spend an hour and a half while somebody gathers up all the paperwork and finds the extra set of keys and the other fob that we've promised them and goes and builds a WE OWE. Stop. It's got to be like the closing when you go buy your house. When you go to buy a house and you go to the closing, every place you have to sign has one of these little tabs, "Sign here." It has to be that simple.
I cannot stress this enough. The delivery must be perfect whether it's in person at their home or in your store because all of the good will you've created will evaporate with the slightest bit of friction. Anything more than a true sign and drive at this point is going to hurt your reputation in the dealership. This means the keys are ready, the car is ready, you are expecting them. You have an appointment for 1:45. You expect them at 1:45 and everything's ready at 12:45. These folks showed up, they just bought a $40,000 car online from you. They saved you a ton of commission. You made good money on them. They should never have to wait even a minute to get this deal done at this point.
However, this does not mean you don't do a proper delivery. If it's at their home, we are going to present a couple F & I add ons. We're going to give them a last chance. If it's in our dealership, we're going to do the service walk. We're going to set the first service appointment. These are critical for in-store deliveries.


text:
Country Album Release Thread Jul 18, 2008 22:45:11 GMT -5
Post by Zack on Jul 18, 2008 22:45:11 GMT -5
Julianne Hough "Julianne Hough Holiday Collection"
Billy Currington
"Little Bit Of Everything"
"Christmas Duets"
John Michael Montgomery
"Time Flies"
"Lucky Old Sun" [Deluxe Edition]
"A Place To Land" [Re-Release]
"Carnival Ride" [Holiday Deluxe Edition]
"That's Why"
"Lucky Old Sun"
"Call Me Crazy"
"The Life Of A Song"
"Familiar Stranger"
"Greatest Hits"
"That Don't Make Me A Bad Guy"
"Play" [Instrumental Album]
Randy Owen
"One On One"
"Fearless"
"Startin' Fires"
Randy Houser
"The Foundation"
Last Edit: Jun 11, 2009 14:14:17 GMT -5 by Zack
Post by taylor on Jul 18, 2008 23:46:42 GMT -5
it is stickied
Post by DJ 7.0 on Jul 22, 2008 15:47:31 GMT -5
I am not really excited for any of them.
Unless Taylor's album does in deed come out in 2008.
Maybe Gretchen Wilson, if she has a good hit. and a couple others i guess if they have good hits
Jul 22, 2008 15:50:11 GMT -5 Zack said:
i am looking forward to:
Heidi Newfield
Crystal Shawanda
Eli Young Band
bolded are the only people i've ever heard of
italics are haven't heard a song or of the person
underline is maybe have heard a song, or know the person
i was bored
Post whore;)
RIP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Post by Just No on Jul 30, 2008 10:56:42 GMT -5
First on Country On-Demand: Insiders tell us that Taylor Swift's new album will hit stores on November 11th. Look for the lead single to be shipped to radio very soon. The video was shot for this single on the steps of the Ryman Auditorium in front of fans with Taylor's band during the CMA Music Festival. Her current single is now #5 and her current album is #1 on the Billboard Country Charts.
--Country On-Demand
Lord how many songs can you release in 1 year
OMG! NEW TAYLOR!
FOTF!
P(A)
Taylor Swift's Husband
Country Album Release Thread Aug 29, 2008 15:38:33 GMT -5
Post by P(A) on Aug 29, 2008 15:38:33 GMT -5
Slipknot's new album came out this week!
Check them out! There seems to be many country hits on teh album! ;D
Country Album Release Thread Sept 2, 2008 20:15:46 GMT -5
Post by P(A) on Sept 2, 2008 20:15:46 GMT -5
Aug 29, 2008 15:42:18 GMT -5 Zack said:
oh yes! Gematria (The Killing Name) should be a huge hit!
id actually pick that as the end of this era. Id like "Dead Memories" to be the 2nd single tho
Country Album Release Thread Sept 28, 2008 22:16:03 GMT -5
Post by Zack on Sept 28, 2008 22:16:03 GMT -5
Carnival Ride" [Holiday Deluxe Edition]
www.walmart.com/catalog/product.do?product_id=10569712
OMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMG!!!!
Sept 28, 2008 22:16:03 GMT -5 Zack said:
TRACK LIST!!!
1. Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
4. What Child Is This?
5. Do You Hear What I Hear
OMGOMGOMGOMGOMGOMG!!!
Country Album Release Thread Oct 12, 2008 15:30:28 GMT -5
Post by Zack on Oct 12, 2008 15:30:28 GMT -5
Listen to ELVIS CHRISTMAS DUETS Album featuring special guests such as Martina McBride, Sara Evans, LeAnn Rimes, the ladies from Little Big Town, and the country queen Carrie Underwood! Enjoy!
Stand out tracks:
02. I'll Be Home For Christmas (Featuring Carrie Underwood)
Elvis sounds great on this track probably the best I've heard from him. And it doesn't hurt that he has the best special guest on this track as well.
Last Edit: Oct 12, 2008 15:31:08 GMT -5 by Zack
Post by Late Winter on Oct 12, 2008 15:33:11 GMT -5
Oct 12, 2008 15:30:28 GMT -5 Zack said:
As In Elvis Presley?
SHeDAISY is still around!?
My god, I loved:
That shit was the jam back when my grandparents were building their new house. Everytime it came on the radio, I'd take my paintbrush and sing the entire song on the busted ass temporary staircase lmao
they have been gone for a while. they are supposed to be releasing a new album sometime next year!
Awesome. I'll be checking that out for sure.
well, hopefully. i bet Lyric Street (their label) will screw them over again. They do that with EVERY act on their roster that is not named Rascal Flatts. poor Josh Gracin, Sarah Buxton, SHeDAISY, and Trent Tomlinson
Josh Gracin's CD's are always flawless. I loved his last one.
When is Keith Urbans coming out
Nov 15, 2008 15:59:28 GMT -5 BRiTNASTY said:
U R A GRACIN LOVER!?
He is my favorite! He is so horribly treated! I am SOOOO glad We Weren't Crazy went top 10 just to kick Lyric Street in the face for not promoting him or the album. It was like him saying "See, I can get a hit without any help from you guys whatsoever."
And his new album IS AMAZING!!! One of this Year's best Country albums! I also loved his last one too!
Nov 16, 2008 15:41:00 GMT -5 DJ 7.0 said:
Rude.


Here is a travel guide to St Petersburg, with our compliments. Please contact us if you would like information on flights, hotels, car rental or travel insurance.
Check this box if you would like a weather forecast and last-minute travel news for St Petersburg emailed to your client prior to departure. Dates of travel must be entered for this to work..


text:
Cancer J. 2005 Sep-Oct;11(5):362-73.
Clinical trials involving vitamin D analogs in prostate cancer.
Vijayakumar S1, Mehta RR, Boerner PS, Packianathan S, Mehta RG.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. srinivasan.vijayakumar@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Vitamin D shows significant potential as a therapy for prostate cancer. However, its use in clinical trials has been hampered by its induction of hypercalcemia at serum concentrations required to suppress cancer cell proliferation. This has spurred the development of less calcemic analogs of vitamin D. In this article, we review the clinical trials and consider the future directions of the use of vitamin D and its analogs in the treatment or chemoprevention of prostate cancer. First, we summarize the epidemiological evidence leading to the hypothesis that vitamin D has anticancer activity. We then review the clinical trials using vitamin D analogs that involve patients with prostate cancer and conclude with a brief overview of our planned study with vitamin D5, [1alpha(OH)D5], which will begin shortly. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Biosis, and references from relevant articles, using the search terms "vitamin D," "prostate cancer," "chemoprevention" and "vitamin D analog." Abstracts from recent international meetings were also reviewed but were only included when they were the only known reference to the clinical trial or the research mentioned. Only papers published in English were included.
Clinical Trials as Topic
Hydroxycholecalciferols/therapeutic use
Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy*
Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology
Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives*
Vitamin D/therapeutic use*
1-hydroxyvitamin D5
Hydroxycholecalciferols
Prostate cancer - Genetic Alliance
Vitamin D - MedlinePlus Health Information
Prostate Cancer - MedlinePlus Health Information


text:
Малика — арабское слово, означающее «царица», «королева»:

 Малика — арабский монархический титул.
 Малика — женское имя арабского происхождения.

Другие значения
 Малика — российская эстрадная певица и актриса.
 Малика-и-Джахан — жена султана Ала ад-Дина Хильджи.
 United Malika — большое рефрижераторное судно, севшее на мель на мысе Рас-Нуадибу.

См. также
 Малик (значения)


text:
Lady Lions Swimming in Fourth After Day Two of AMCC Championships
ERIE, Pa. – At the conclusion of day two of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference Swimming Championships, hosted at Penn State Behrend's Junker Center Pool, the Penn State Altoona women's swimming team held fourth place out of five teams.
The Lady Lions had compiled 62 points through Thursday evening's finals session, marking the end of the second day out of the four-day championship meet. Penn State Behrend moved into first place, accumulating 264 points through two days. Alfred State College was in second with 207 points, and Franciscan University was third with 102 points. SUNY Delhi was fifth place with two points.
Thursday's finals session opened with the 200 Yard Freestyle Relay, during which Kaitlin Heil (Pittsburgh, PA/CAPA), Emily Beam (Tyrone, PA/Tyrone), Hannah Kimmick (Greensburg, PA/Hempfield), and Danielle Bye (Hockessin, DE/Cab Calloway School of the Arts) combined for a time of 1:52.50 to take third place in the 'A' final.
In the next event, the 500 Yard Freestyle, Kimmick placed second in the 'B' final and eighth out of 12 swimmers overall by finishing in 5:43.82.
Bye had Penn State Altoona's best finish of the night in the next women's event, the 200 Yard IM. In the 'A' final of that swim, Bye took second place by recording a time of 2:16.40. That time set a new Penn State Altoona women's swimming record in the 200 Yard IM, breaking the previous mark that Bye herself set during the previous AMCC Championships on February 15, 2018.
The 50 Yard Freestyle came next, and Heil placed third in the 'B' final and ninth overall out of 12 swimmers by clocking in at 28.28.
The final women's event of the night, the 400 Yard Medley Relay, was swam, but the results were disqualified due to an object inadvertently occupying one of the lanes. The 400 Yard Medley Relay final will be redone tomorrow at the conclusion of the morning preliminaries.
The AMCC Championships continue tomorrow, Friday, February 15, for day three. Competition starts at 10:00 a.m. with preliminaries in the 400 Yard IM, 100 Yard Butterfly, 200 Yard Freestyle, 100 Yard Breaststroke, and 100 Yard Backstroke, as well as the 400 Yard Medley Relay final. At 6:00 p.m., the finals will be held in the 200 Yard Medley Relay, 400 Yard IM, 100 Yard Butterfly, 200 Yard Freestyle, 100 Yard Breaststroke, and 100 Yard Backstroke.


Welcome to issue seventy-three of Nightmare!
We have original fiction from Joanna Parypinski ("What's Coming to You") and Halli Villegas ("A Mother's Love Never Ends"), along with reprints by Micah Dean Hicks ("Ghost Jeep") and John Langan ("The Underground Economy").
In the latest installment of our column on horror, "The H Word," Karin Lowachee meditates on the psychological draws of watching horror movies. We also have our usual author spotlights with our authors, and a feature interview with author and editor Amber Fallon.