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The UK's Population Drop
The United Kingdom is set to likely have the largest population decline since WWII, according to a new study.
As many as 1.3 million migrants born abroad left the UK in just over a year – from July 2019 to September 2020 and the UK's Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE) think-tank said it was an "unprecedented exodus" driven by the economic fallout from the coronavirus pandemic. London had lost nearly eight percent (700,000) of its population in a little more than 14 months.
The study noted a high number of job losses in sectors that rely heavily on workers from abroad, such as hospitality.
"It seems that much of the burden of job losses during the pandemic has fallen on non-UK workers and that has manifested itself in return migration, rather than unemployment," the study's authors said. But a number of people who left the UK last year explained the pandemic was not the biggest factor in their decision to relocate. Instead, they said, it was mainly the country's exit from the European Union.
The ESCoE study's authors said the exodus may be temporary, suggesting some could return when the pandemic eases.
"But it may not," they cautioned, noting a permanent drop in London especially would have "profound" implications.
"Big shifts in population trends in London, driven by economic changes and events, are by no means historically unprecedented," they wrote. "Inner London's population shrank by fully 20 percent in the 1970s, so the recent picture of sustained growth driven by international migration is relatively recent."
'Unprecedented exodus': Why are migrant workers leaving the UK? | Migration News | Al Jazeera
Posted by ajohnstone at 7:05 pm No comments:
Beware Biden
Biden is Trump with better table-manners, so say some.
Biden is a proud authoritarian who supports draconian laws.
As he shamelessly boasts himself, "Every major crime bill since 1976 that's come out of this Congress, every minor crime bill, has had the name of the Democratic senator from the State of Delaware: Joe Biden."
Biden even claims the credit for the Patriot Act.
And now after the Capitol riots, he is going to be permitted to draft new laws on protests and access to social media.
The Amazon CEO, Jeff Bezos, added more than $70bn to his net worth during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, which is now nearly $185bn. Amazon's sales have soared. Profits and stockholder shares have risen through 2020 by billions of dollars, but Amazon has only provided a fraction of those extra earnings in hazard pay and bonuses to workers. Amazon ended hazard pay in June 2020, and instead have provided sporadic one-time bonuses to workers during the pandemic. On average, Amazon workers have seen a $0.99-an-hour pay bump during the pandemic, compared with Bezos's hourly wealth increase of $11.7m.
Workers at Amazon and Amazon-owned grocery chain Whole Foods have protested against unsafe working conditions and the pressures to keep up with demand. Several workers who participated in or led protests at Amazon over working conditions have alleged they were fired in retaliation and Amazon is fighting federal complaints alleging at least two of the firings violated US labor laws.
"What they considered hazard pay was just for show," said an Amazon warehouse employee in Baltimore, Maryland who requested to remain anonymous for fear of retaliation. "We couldn't see a difference unless we were willing to work almost 60 hours a week. Several of us had no choice because we're the breadwinners of our family. It's infuriating that we live in fear every day because of minimal efforts to protect us, while executives take in tons of money while sitting safely at home."
Jessica Oneto, a Whole Foods employee for four years in Redwood City, California, said, "They gave us hazard pay for maybe a couple months. It was only $2 and they literally took it away as the pandemic got worse. One of the biggest companies couldn't afford to keep it up?"
Elon Musk, the owner of Tesla Motors, saw his wealth surge by more than $140bn during the coronavirus pandemic and surpassed Bezos as the wealthiest person in the world with a total net worth of $195bn. Tesla's share prices have soared during the coronavirus pandemic, but workers for the company have been subjected to a Covid-19 outbreak at the Fremont, California, plant earlier this year when Musk defied local shutdown orders to reopen the plant and restart production. Musk sent out an internal email to all employees implying they would lose unemployment benefits if they didn't show up to work in defiance of the order, and at least two workers who took unpaid leave due to coronavirus fears for themselves and at-risk family members received termination notices for not showing up to work. Salaried employees at Tesla had their pay reduced by 10% to 30% from mid-April to the end of June 2020.
"While people in cubicles stay home to work, we can't do that and we don't get any hazard pay," said a Tesla employee at the Fremont plant. "Nothing has changed. Musk can afford to do so much more and he doesn't. I find it sickening to see how much Elon Musk's wealth has grown while we take all the risks. All we get is a 'thank you so much' email."
Another Tesla employee in Fremont cited ongoing mistreatment toward Black workers at Tesla amid several lawsuits alleging discrimination at Tesla.
"Musk has not once addressed this issue in his workplace or supported Black Lives Matter," said the worker. "No hazard pay or bonus. They gave all regular workers their regular raise, but being that I'm maxed out at my position I didn't get anything."
Bill Gates has seen his wealth increase by nearly $18bn through 2020, to $131bn. Though his initial fortune stems from co-founding Microsoft, Gates's net worth has continued to climb through investments; his trust owns significant holdings in companies such as Amazon and his investment company Cascade Investments holds a more than 34% stake in the waste management company Republic Services. During the pandemic, Republic Services approved $2bn in stock buybacks and paid out $387.1m in dividends to shareholders, but the company's sanitation workers have not received any hazard pay or bonuses.
"They gave us a couple $25 gift cards early in April or May but that was it," said Yogi Miller, a sanitation worker for Republic Services in the Akron, Ohio, area. "During this time, workers would like to see a little bump in their pay as many people have spouses who have been laid off during this and now they're a one income family. If we stopped picking up trash for a week or two, people would realize how essential it is the work we do."
Billionaires add $1tn to net worth during pandemic as their workers struggle | Coronavirus | The Guardian
After Brexit - The race to the bottom
Worker protections enshrined in EU law — including the 48-hour week — would be ripped up under plans being drawn up by the government as part of a post-Brexit overhaul of UK labour markets. The package of deregulatory measures is being put together by the UK's business department with the approval of Downing Street. It has not yet been agreed by ministers— or put to the cabinet — but select business leaders have been sounded out on the plan.
The proposed shake-up of regulations from the "working time directive" will likely to spark outrage among Britain's trade union leaders. The main areas of focus are on ending the 48-hour working week, tweaking the rules around rest breaks at work and not including overtime pay when calculating some holiday pay entitlements, said people familiar with the plans. The government also wants to remove the requirement of businesses to log the detailed, daily reporting of working hours, saving an estimated £1bn.
The move would potentially mark a clear divergence from EU labour market standards but the UK would only face retaliation from Brussels under the terms of its new post-Brexit trade treaty if the EU could demonstrate the changes had a material impact on competition.
"Workers in the UK are the primary beneficiaries of the very positive judgments of the European courts," said an official at the Trades Union Congress, adding that any attempt to "whittle down and narrow" the interpretation of European law "is a concern because it amounts to a diminution of rights". A change in the calculation of holiday pay could be "a significant monetary loss" for a low-paid worker often forced into overtime to make ends meet, the TUC official said.
In a call with 250 leading business figures earlier this month, prime minister Boris Johnson urged industry to get behind plans for future regulatory liberalisation after Brexit — to the delight of many free marketeers in his cabinet.
Matt Kilcoyne, deputy head of the free market Adam Smith Institute, welcomed the proposals — saying the current "one size fits all" 48-hour rule was a "straitjacket on the economy".
Colin Leckey, partner in employment law at Lewis Silkin, said employers would welcome the UK rejecting new European case law requiring the detailed, daily reporting of working hours. However, any move to overturn recent European case law on holiday pay — which stipulates that sales commissions and overtime must be taken into account in its calculation — would be more contentious.
UK workers' rights at risk in plans to rip up EU labour market rules | Financial Times (ft.com)
India's Poisoned Air
The Lancet said in a report toxic air killed 1.67 million Indians, the deaths accounting for 18% of all fatalities.
Air pollution led to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, neonatal disorders and cataracts.
New Delhi is the world's most polluted capital. Kolkata and Mumbai are also on the list of the world's 20 worst polluted cities.
Pollution deaths in India rose to 1.67 million in 2019 -Lancet | Reuters
The system ain't workin'
The UN has warned that millions of people around the world are facing disaster from flood, droughts, heatwaves and other extreme weather, as governments fail to take the measures needed to adapt to the impacts of climate breakdown.
Nearly three-quarters of countries around the world have recognised the need to plan for the effects of global heating, but few of those plans are adequate to the rising threat, and little funding has been made available to put them into force, according to the UN environment programme's Adaptation report 2020.
Spending on measures to adapt to extreme weather has failed to keep pace with the rising need, according to UNEP. Only about $30bn (£22bn) is provided each year in development aid, to help poor countries cope with the effects of the climate crisis, which is less than half of the $70bn currently estimated to be needed. Those costs are set to increase further, to between $140bn and $300bn by the end of the decade.
About half of global climate finance should be devoted to adaptation, the UN secretary-general, António Guterres, has said, with the rest going to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, while private companies are often willing to provide funding for some projects to reduce emissions, such as profitable renewable energy generation schemes in rapidly emerging economies, projects that help people adapt to the impact of climate change, such as early warning systems, flood barriers or storm drains, are often more difficult to finance.
Many countries will also struggle to find the resources for climate adaptation because of the coronavirus pandemic, the UN warned. The economic impacts of Covid-19 have pushed adaptation further down the political agenda across the world, while in the longer term the consequences of the pandemic are likely to put additional pressures on public finances, and "might change national and donor priorities in support of climate action".
Yet if countries were to prioritise a "green recovery" in their Covid-19 economic stimulus packages, they could help to solve many of these problems, UNEP noted. Economic studies have shown that measures to increase resilience to the impacts of the climate crisis – including planting trees, building flood barriers, restoring natural landscapes and protecting and updating infrastructure such as transport and communications networks – can all provide "shovel-ready" jobs of the kind needed to lift economies out of recession. That opportunity will be missed if countries stick to the economic rescue packages announced to date, which so far have failed to focus on a green recovery.
Countries adapting too slowly to climate breakdown, UN warns | Climate change | The Guardian
Posted by ajohnstone at 12:46 pm No comments:
Socialist Sonnet No. 16
Profits Going Viral
Capital's driven to make capital,
It must pursue profit unerringly;
Whatever the need, nothing's for free
As profit views need as a very poor pal
Unless there's a balance to settle the bill.
Then comes a pandemic, when society
Takes preference over economy:
There's no profit if the workforce is ill.
Big pharma has to take a deep, deep breath,
Produce a vaccine before all is lost
And allow it to be given at cost,
Or the bottom line's not-for-profit death.
But time will come for accumulation,
With year on year of virus mutation.
D. A.
The Coffee Conspiracy
Despite all the friendly PR and promotion of fair trade there is little evidence efforts by the world's top coffee roasters and traders to prevent human rights and environmental abuses are having any impact, with most farmers operating at a loss and unable to produce sustainably, a major coffee report said.
The coffee sector is valued at $200-250 billion a year at the retail level, according to the report, but producing countries receive less than 10% of that value when exporting beans, and farmers even less than that.
Coffee is grown on roughly 12.5 million farms globally, about 95% of which are labour intensive smallholdings that usually employ an entire farming family as well as seasonal workers. Coffee, in other words, provides a livelihood for tens of millions of people worldwide.
"Smallholder farmers are under constant pressure to cut costs, especially those related to labour and the environment," said the report.
Peru estimates 25% of deforestation in the country is linked to coffee production.
Little evidence coffee companies' sustainability efforts have impact: report | Reuters
Remembering Murray Bookchin
14th of January marks 100 years since the birth of Murray Bookchin. Although there are differences in his and his supporters view with our own, there are also many similarities that we should not ignore or neglect. Murray Bookchin , too, stands for a class-free, state-free society of common ownership in which money becomes redundant and the principle "from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs" applies. He recommends Marx's analysis of how the capitalist economic system works when he says, "As a study of the capitalist economy as a whole, it [Capital] has no equal today. Marx's economic studies are central to any socialist analysis".
His ideas described as 'social ecology' were always directed towards radical social change and have influenced many around the world, particularly recently in the Kurdish enclave Rojava. While not socialism there, people living in Rojava inspired by Bookchin's libertarian thought are able to directly contribute to decisions affecting their community, and there is more gender equality and less sectarianism than elsewhere in the region. Likewise, Bookchin views the Spanish Civil War not as a struggle to defend a discredited and treacherous republican regime but to create a social revolution in Spanish society. While we in the World Socialist Movement may not always agree with the attempts to build socialism, this sort of discussion should be of concern to all of us attempting to build libertarian forms of organisation that can begin to challenge capitalism.
Bookchin developed a political programme known as 'libertarian municipalism' which he saw as a method for getting from our present society of minority control and environmental destruction to a new rational and ecological society of mass democratic control. Bookchin shares with the World Socialist Movement the belief that workers must run society themselves with the use of leader-free organization. The basic building block of libertarian municipalism is the community or neighbourhood assembly, face to face meetings where citizens meet to discuss and vote on the issues of the day. These assemblies elect mandated and recallable delegates who then link with other assemblies forming a confederated council, a 'community of communities'. The difference between this form of delegate democracy and our current form of representative democracy is that in a representative democracy power is given wholesale to the representative who then is free to act on their own initiative; in a delegate democracy the initiative is set by the electing body and the delegate can be recalled at any time should the electing body feel that their mandate is not being met, thus power remains at the base.
"The movement . . . will be shaped by the people it has tried to assimilate and not the people by the movement". (On Spontaneity and organisation.)
Murray Bookchin is one contemporary thinker and writer who comes close to us on a number of key points. Despite some significant differences there is much that the WSM would agree with and find of use.
In his writings, Bookchin defends rationalism, science and technology against the current trend of New Age mysticism and life-style culture that has spread among the environmentalist movements. He also opposes so-called "identity politics", seeing this as essentially seeking a better deal for women, gays and blacks within capitalism as well as being divisive.
Bookchin took up basically the same position as us that, for humanity to produce and consume in ecologically acceptable ways, it must first replace capitalism and its drive to make profits with a system of common ownership, democratic participation and production for use, which can make full use of modern science and technology but for ecological and human ends instead of profit. According to Bookchin, the ecology movement has a choice: either it can realise that capitalism is the cause of ecological damage and work to end capitalism or it can retreat into "ecomysticism" blaming science, technology and reason as such, calling on individuals to adjust their personal lifestyles so as to better attune with "nature".
Murray Bookchin points out in 'Remaking Society' that human beings are both a part and a product of nature; that humans do have a unique significance in nature since they are the only life-form capable of reflective thought and so of conscious intervention to change the environment. It is absurd to regard human intervention in nature as some outside disturbing force since humans are precisely that part of nature which has evolved that consciously intervenes in the rest of nature. Bookchin describes the human species as the brain and voice of nature, nature becomes self-conscious, so to speak. But to accomplish this, humanity must change the social system, a change from capitalism to a "community where each contributes to the whole to the best of his or her ability and takes from the common fund of produce what he or she needs." Bookchin explains, "The earth can no longer be owned; it must be shared. Its fruits, including those produced by technology and labour, can no longer be expropriated by the few; they must be rendered available to all on the basis of need. Power, no less than material things, must be freed from the control of the elites; it must be redistributed in a form that renders its use participatory."
Some Greens blame modern technology rather than the use — or, more accurately, the abuse — that is made of it under the present system. Bookchin answers:
"To substitute words like industrial society for capitalism can thus be misleading . . . To speak of an 'industrial society' without clear reference to the new social relations introduced by capitalism, namely wage labour and a dispossessed proletariat, often wilfully endows technology with mystical powers and a degree of autonomy that it does not really have. It also creates the highly misleading notion that society can live with a market economy that is 'green', 'ecological', or 'moral', even under conditions of wage labour, exchange, competition and the like. This misuse of language imputes to technology - much of which may be very useful socially and ecologically - what should really be directed against a very distinct body of social relationships, namely, capitalistic ones."
Bookchin is explicit that what is required is a change from capitalism to a "community where each contributes to the whole to the best of his or her ability and takes from the common fund of produce what he or she needs":
"The earth can no longer be owned; it must be shared. Its fruits, including those produced by technology and labor, can no longer be expropriated by the few; they must be rendered available to all on the basis of need. Power, no less than material things, must be freed from the control of the elites; it must be redistributed in a form that renders its use participatory."
Posted by ajohnstone at 8:29 am 2 comments:
World Socialist Magazine
The second issue of the World Socialist Party of the United States new journal, World Socialist, is out!
It starts with a look at the dark side of antidepressants (Drugs to drive you nuts: delights for the depressed).
Next comes an article about the struggle of homeless squatters in California (Black Wednesday), then an interview with a member of the Minsk Socialist Circle about 'What's going on in Belarus?'
After that — a piece on the plight of Wikileaks journalist Julian Assange; an analysis of 'What to expect from Biden and Harris', the next in our series of personal accounts of 'How I became a socialist'; and, as always, Reviews and Funnies.
For the electronic version of the issue use this link:
World Socialist No. 2 (Winter 2021)
For the print version go to:
We would appreciate your contributing a review on lulu.com.
Low Pay in the Supermarkets
A new report showing 45 per cent of supermarket staff still earn below the real living wage, currently £9.50 per hour outside of London and £10.85 per hour in the capital.
Citizens UK, the campaign group, claimed 410,000 underpaid staff working behind the tills, stacking shelves and keeping the food supply chain should be given "that bit extra".
Matthew Bolton, executive director at Citizens UK, said: "Whilst some employers are really struggling, supermarkets are experiencing bumper sales ... It is unacceptable."
December was a record month for British supermarkets, with shoppers spending nearly £12bn – the highest Christmas trading result on record.
Campaigners also expressed concerned supermarket workers continue to struggle to get regular full-time hours to help them pay their bills. Supermarket employees work 28 hours per week, on average, in comparison to 37 hours across all sectors.
Supermarkets also have some of the country's largest pay gaps, with Tesco, Morrisons and Ocado among the top 10 companies on the FTSE 350 with the biggest gaps in earnings between CEOs and low-paid staff.
One Sainsbury's employee of almost 25 years, who has recently had to get a second job to cover their bills, said:
"Two and a half years ago we stopped getting paid for our breaks so now when I work a six-hour shift I only get paid for five hours and 40 minutes – the system they use automatically deducts a 20-minute break from your clocking in card.
"In effect for a six-hour shift I'm only getting £8.78 an hour. I've had to get a second job because I was struggling to pay the bills on this job alone. We're the backbone of the company at the moment and deserve better."
Nearly half of supermarket workers earn below real living wage, report says | The Independent
It's always the poor that suffers
Again another think-tank highlights the detrimental and disproportionate impact of the pandemic on the less wealthy. Joseph Rowntree Foundation says lockdowns have hit incomes of those in insecure work the hardest.
People who were trapped in poverty before the pandemic have suffered the most financial damage during the crisis, according to its report. Those who had been struggling to make ends meet before March last year were more likely to work in precarious jobs or sectors of the economy that had been hardest hit by lockdowns.
In its annual poverty report, the JRF charity said struggling families would find it harder to recover from the double-dip recession triggered by the renewed restrictions and rapid growth in Covid-19 infections.
According to the research, workers on the lowest incomes experienced on average the largest cut in hours at the start of the pandemic almost a year ago, with 81% of people working in retail and accommodation recording a drop in income. More than a third of single parents working in hospitality and over a quarter of those in retail were already living in poverty before their sectors were severely hit by restrictions.
In a reflection of the uneven economic impact caused by the pandemic, the foundation said that four in 10 workers on the minimum wage faced a high risk of losing their job, compared with just 1% of workers earning more than £41,500 a year.
Even before the pandemic struck, causing the deepest UK recession for more than 300 years, the foundation said that millions in the UK had lived through a "decade of deprivation" with little progress made on reducing poverty, rising hardship among working households, and a steady increase in child poverty. The charity said this rise was mainly because of the Conservative government's austerity-era benefits freeze between 2016 and 2020, which meant that benefits had not kept up with the rising cost of living. Even after taking into account the boost for universal credit – launched as a temporary measure in March last year when Covid first hit – research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies showed that out-of-work households got £1,600 per year less in benefits than they would have done before the Tory austerity drive began a decade ago.
Helen Barnard, the foundation's director, said: "It is a damning indictment of our society that those with the least have suffered the most before the pandemic and are now being hit hardest once again by the pandemic. The government must now make the right decisions to avoid another damaging decade."
Lowest paid in UK have suffered the most financially in the pandemic, report finds | Poverty | The Guardian
Neglected Nations
Not surprisingly the COVID-19 pandemic dominated the news for 2020. Nevertheless, there were other humanitarian crises that were largely unreported. The relief agency CARE International produces an annual report titled "Suffering in Silence," on those neglected problems.
Six African countries made the list, sharing a list of malaise ranging from internal displacement, hunger and malnutrition, and chronic poverty.
Burundi, the fifth-poorest country in the world, topped the list with 2.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. The country has one of the highest rates of chronic malnourishment in the world, the report said.
"The Central African Republic (CAR), Madagascar, Mali and Burundi have appeared on the list across multiple years, yet the people in these countries don't get sufficient media attention," the report said, highlighting a number of African nations on the list.
The suffering is particularly acute for those living in the Central African Republic, a country whose "perennial" massive crises go largely underreported each year.
"Despite its significant mineral deposits that include gold, diamonds and uranium, as well as rich arable land, CAR sits at second last on the 2019 Human Development Index," the report added.
Madagascar is another underreported nation particularly ravaged by climate change, CARE highlighted. The island nation suffers from "recurrent, protracted droughts, and an average of 1.5 cyclones per year — the highest rate in Africa." The report stressed that an estimated one fifth of Malagasy people, some 5 million, are directly affected by recurring natural disasters, including cyclones, floods and droughts.
Non-African countries on the list also share an urgent need for aid amid food insecurity, but they also face conflict and climate change as structural factors fueling their humanitarian crises.
Guatemala is reeling from the aftermath of two back-to-back category four storms, Iota and Eta. Guatemala – considered a middle-income country by the World Bank – has had continued, moderate (3.5 percent) growth over the last five years. This economic stability, however, has not made much of a dent in poverty and inequality. Even before COVID-19, Guatemala had the sixth highest rate of chronic malnutrition in the world with close to half (47 percent) of all Guatemalan children chronically malnourished and at risk for stunting. Also worrisome is the national maternal mortality rate which stood at 108 deaths per every 100,000 live births pre-COVID. Around thirty-five children out of every 1,000 born in Guatemala die before the age of five. In desperation, migrants continue to seek a way to the United States, despite the pandemic, and despite American law which in effect bars their entry. Pervasive poverty, high homicide rates driven by gang violence, and corruption – factors that pushed migrants to flee Central America pre-COVID – have not eased during the pandemic.
Pakistan, ranked seventh on the list and the world's fifth most populous country, has been plagued by the intersection of conflict, the effects of climate change, and pervasive poverty. In 2020, "Pakistan suffered its worst locust plague in history, forcing the government to import wheat for the first time in six years," the report said. This was followed by extreme flooding which destroyed crops, food supplies and livestock.
Less than 10 kilometers from Australia's most northern islands lies Papua New Guinea (PNG), one of the world's most culturally diverse and naturally rich nations. It hosts over 800 languages and more than 1,000 distinct ethnic groups. However, in stark contrast to its neighbor, PNG is one of the least urbanized countries globally with the lowest life expectancy in the Pacific region. The island nation is prone to natural disasters. In 2020, it faced flooding, landslides and tremors in addition to the consequences of the global pandemic. PNG is endowed with a wide array of mineral resources, including crude oil, natural gas, gold, copper, silver, nickel and cobalt, and produces a range of primary commodities such as: timber, cocoa, coffee, tea and palm oil. Challenges in development remain to date because of the rugged territory which makes transport difficult. The country's population of more than 8 million is largely rural (87 percent) and highly dispersed; spread out across the highlands and over 600 islands and atolls. In 2020, the UN estimated that about 4.6 million people in PNG (more than half of its population) are in need of humanitarian assistance. Only 46 percent of the population has access to improved drinking water and some parts of the country face challenges in nutrition, lacking a balanced diet. Pre-COVID-19, PNG's health system
Ukraine, the only European country on the list, is one such example. Years of conflict in its eastern regions have lost relevance in today's media landscape, CARE said. The elderly and women have been left most vulnerable. Fear of shelling, violent clashes, and the threat of landmines and explosive remnants of war are the daily reality for those living on either side of the front line. Many people are increasingly affected by mental health issues, both due to the fear of violence as well as the long-term socio-economic impacts of the conflict. Gender-based violence is a serious problem in Ukraine with about three-quarters of Ukrainian women having experienced some form of violence since age 15.
Big Money and Big Science
'The Tragedy of American Science' by Clifford D. Conner is a book that lays bare how the direction of science is determined by private profit rather than by the desire to improve the human condition.
Connor exposes Big Science which has been irredeemably corrupted by Big Money and which threatens the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and the medicines we take.
The U.S. economy is addicted to military spending and it distorts and deforms science by making it overwhelmingly subservient to military interests. The primary motive driving American science and technology has become the search for new and more efficient ways to kill people.
This transforms science from the classic ideal of a creative force for the advancement of humankind into its destructive and antihuman opposite. That those trillions of dollars in resources and scientific talent are not devoted to solving the problems of poverty, disease, and environmental destruction is one of the greatest tragedies of our times.
Conner compellingly argues that replacing the current science-for-profit system with a science-for-human-needs system is not an impossible, utopian dream. The Tragedy of American Science makes a strong case for freeing science from the fetters of capital and rededicating it for the good of humanity.
The Third Way...all the way to the bank
Germany's Population - No Change
Our World Wants Change
Riches to the rich
The Poor is Hurting
Homelessness was ended. Now it has returned
South Africa and the Pandemic
Capitalism V Environment
B&M Boom
Eviction threat rises
House Building Coming up Short
Honduras President - Drug Smuggler
Unfair Vaccine Distribution
The Banksters Once Again
Musk and his Money
The Climate Emergency in the USA
A Comrade Falls (obituary)
Begging alms from the billionaires
Profit Before Truth
Musk - the richest man on the planet
The Trillionaires
Meat or Less Meat
Brasil's Slavery
Business-Friendly OSHA
London's Falling Population
Oppose the Repression in Hong Kong
Irrational Beliefs Before Childcare
CEO in Clover
Unionize
Change is needed now
The Social Scarring of Coronavirus
South Korea's Falling Numbers
The UK 1% possess More than we thought
Grubs for Grub
Will 2021 be Different?
For your listening pleasure in January
Big Pharma Raise Prices
Contaminated by Capitalism


Anonymization and encryption also help protect patient information from "getting into the wrong hands," he says in an interview with Information Security Media Group.
At Philips, a central team is mandated to hack new products "to try to find vulnerabilities in systems" before they're brought to market, he explains.
Philips' approach to ensuring the security of the devices it manufactures.
Shenvi, director of big data and analytics at Philips' Innovation Campus in India, is involved in building analytics competence and creating solutions across the healthcare continuum. He's a member of the company's health systems management team. Shenvi started his career with L&T in 1994, joining Philips in 1999. A Six Sigma master black belt and certified regulatory affairs professional, he has worked on industrial automation with PLCs/SCADA systems; research and development; quality assurance and control; regulatory management; product management; Six Sigma; big data; and analytics.


text:
Joanna Cornwell
St Peter's School, Rockhampton
A Rockhampton school leader who is helping reshape her school's culture is a finalist in state teaching awards.
Joanna Cornwell's transformational leadership as an Assistant to the Principal in Curriculum (APC) at St Peter's Catholic Primary School, and her commitment to staff, are just some of the reasons she has been named a finalist in the Queensland College of Teachers (QCT) Excellent Leadership in Teaching and Learning Award.
Joanna was flown to the QCT Excellence in Teaching Awards ceremony in Brisbane on 27 October, the day Queensland celebrated World Teachers' Day.
Over the past three years Joanna has developed Professional Learning Communities at St Peter's, allowing teachers to collaborate on providing the best education for students.
This year, a whole school focus on writing is seeing teachers explore how to engage students in writing and give precise, effective feedback using the NAPLAN writing scale.
The former Years 1, 3, 4 and 6 teacher is passionate about helping others reach their full potential. Her efforts as the APC have led to streamlined and consistent teaching practices across the school.
"Whilst I never had any aspiration to move into an Assistant Principal role, as I was very satisfied with classroom teaching, I saw a need and thought I could really make a difference by supporting and encouraging those around me," Joanna said.
"It's great having a whole school approach and everyone working on the same topics," she said. "We can really support each other as a community of learners. We engage in meaningful and productive discussions about how to support teachers and improve student outcomes."
As the APC, Joanna oversaw a new Oral Language Program, restructured the way spelling is taught, led a schoolwide focus of writing, wrote new Learning Area Overviews (LAOs) and amended LAOs in other subjects.
She was also instrumental in creating a web portal where curriculum, policies and procedures are easily accessible.
"For me, it's very rewarding when I see staff embracing changes, with a real focus on improving their skills as practitioners and supporting students to build confidence in their ability as independent learners," Joanna said. "This role is amazingly rewarding."
Joanna also regularly communicates with fellow APCs in other Rockhampton schools to exchange curriculum strategies, as she knows the importance of professional sharing to benefit a community of learners.
Congratulations Joanna on being a finalist.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We know that getting the right advice and guidance before you start your business can help you overcome the challenges of a new venture and learn the skills to need to make it a success. We have a range of different options for advice and mentoring which we've outlined in more detail below.
Our business advisors are available for advice and mentoring sessions on a 1:1 basis. These sessions provide you with the support and guidance you need whether you're starting up, growing, or even just thinking about starting a business. To arrange an appointment with one of our advisors, call 0191 230 6410 or email bss@pne.org.
As well as providing you with the knowledge and skills you need to run or grow your business, our business courses also allow you to get direct advice from our business advisors. You can view all upcoming events on our Events page.
Available Monday – Friday between 9am and 7pm (excluding public bank holidays), our online chat service connects you directly to one of our business advisors. The service is confidential, free to use, and puts you in contact with an advisor instantly. Click here to start chatting to an advisor now.


International Conferences Center is the first comprehensive convention center of Shahid Beheshti University. This center is situated in the most northern point of Tehran (Velenjak area) in the heart of Shahid Beheshti University. It enjoys a pleasant air and very beautiful and eye-catching natural scenery. It is constructed on a land area of 2000 square meters with the structural area of 7000 square meters.
The center has 7 newly-built and very stylish halls and conference rooms with different capacities for holding provincial, national, regional and international meetings, and standard facilities including audio, video, and wireless internet in all parts.
The location of this center at one of the nation's top ten universities is a great privilege for those agencies, organizations and companies wishing to hold their conferences in an educational and research environment.


text:
The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show was a television variety show that ran from June 20, 1948, to June 6, 1971, and was hosted by Ed Sullivan. It ran on CBS every Sunday night at 8 o'clock. Virtually every type of entertainment appeared on the show, from opera singers, rock stars, comedians, ballet dancers, and even circus acts were regularly featured.
The show was originally entitled The Talk of the Town and on its debut, comedians Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis performed along with Broadway composers Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. In 1955 the name was changed to The Ed Sullivan Show.
On September 9, 1956, rock star Elvis Presley made his first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show even though Sullivan had previously vowed never to allow the performer on his show. At the time Presley was filming Love Me Tender so Sullivan's producer Marlo Lewis flew to Los Angeles, California to supervise the Hollywood side of the show taping. Sullivan, however, was not able to host his show in New York City because he was recovering from a near fatal automobile accident. Actor Charles Laughton (star of Mutiny on the Bounty) hosted in Sullivan's place introducing Presley with "And now away to Hollywood to meet Elvis Presley" to which Presley eventually responded "This is probably the greatest honor that I've ever had in my life."
The show was viewed by a record 60 million people which at the time was 82.6% of the television audience and the largest single audience in television history. Sullivan was able to host other appearances by Presley starting on October 28 later the same year. But for this appearance Presley dyed his naturally sandy blond hair to his soon to be trademark "bad boy" jet black. Presley's third and final appearance on the show occurred on January 6, 1957 but by that time controversy over Presley's provocative hip and pelvis movements prompted Sullivan to order the show's cameras to only shoot the rock star from the waist up. In spite of that Sullivan thanked Presley after his last number saying, "This is a real decent, fine boy. We've never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than we've had with you.... You're thoroughly all right."
Many television historians consider Elvis Presley's appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show as helping to bridge a large generation gap between Great Depression and World War II era parents and their adolescent children. Later performers would use this bridge to introduce themselves to millions of American households. Among them were The Rolling Stones, The Doors, and The Beatles. The Beatles appeared on the show nine times earning Sullivan a 60% share of the night time audience for one of the appearances.
The show was broadcast from the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City. It is now the home of The Late Show with David Letterman.
Joe Garner, Stay Tuned: Television's Unforgetable Moments (Andrews McMeel Publishing; 2002) ISBN 0-7407-2693-5


text:
Hydronyme
 La Coulée est un fleuve côtier de Nouvelle-Calédonie se situant à Mont-Dore en province Sud.

Toponyme
 La Coulée est un hameau du secteur Saint-Luc-de-Matane de la ville de Matane en Matanie, au Bas-Saint-Laurent, sur la péninsule gaspésienne dans l'est du Québec.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Golden Wildcat Reunion and Homecoming weekend Oct. 18-21
The University of Kentucky Class of 1968 will be returning to campus for the annual Golden Wildcat Reunion Oct. 18-21 during Homecoming weekend.
The festivities begin on Thursday, Oct. 18, with registration from noon-5 p.m. at The Campbell House Lexington, 1375 S. Broadway, and an early bird campus tour from 3-4:30 p.m. leaving from The Campbell House. The Golden Wildcat Society Reunion Welcome Reception is from 5-7 p.m. at The Campbell House.
On Friday, Oct. 19, the Golden Wildcat Society induction breakfast is from 8-10 a.m. at Kroger Field's Woodford Reserve Lounge, followed by racing and lunch at the Keeneland Phoenix Room from noon-5 p.m.
On Saturday, Oct. 20, the UK Alumni Association Homecoming Brunch is at 9:30 a.m. at King Alumni House, 400 Rose St. A campus bus tour departs from King Alumni House at 11 a.m. The UK Alumni Association Homecoming Tailgate Tent Party begins at 5 p.m. at the Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Lawn, 1401 University Drive, prior to the 7:30 p.m. game against Vanderbilt at Kroger Field. Alumni and friends are encouraged to register at www.ukalumni.net/homecoming2018.
A farewell breakfast for Golden Wildcat Society attendees will be from 8-10 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 21, at The Campbell House Lexington.
Go to www.ukalumni.net/golden to register for the reunion and book hotel rooms. For more information, contact Nathan Darce at 859-257-3569 or at nathan.darce@uky.edu. A full schedule of Homecoming activities can be found at www.ukhomecoming.com.
0 comments on "Golden Wildcat Reunion and Homecoming weekend Oct. 18-21"


text:
"I Wonder (Departure)"
Song by ABBA
from the album The Album
"The Name of the Game"
Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus, Stig Anderson
Benny Andersson & Björn Ulvaeus
"I Wonder (Departure)" is a song by ABBA, released on their 1977 album ABBA: The Album. It was originally part of the ABBA-produced mini-musical The Girl with the Golden Hair, which they performed at the end of each of their 1977 concert tours.
Usage in Mamma Mia! film
In a hypothetical sequel to Mamma Mia! put together by the British newspaper, The Daily Telegraph, the song is sung at a point in the musical where Sophie "dreams of cutting loose [from Sky] and heading abroad".[1] In the film Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, the song is performed by Young Donna (played by Lily James) on the soundtrack album; however, the performance (early in the film prior to Donna leaving her friends) was deleted. The performance was included as an extra on the DVD release.
The song is about whether the narrator should leave behind everything she knows in order to pursue something greater. The book ABBA: Let The Music Speak argues that the song parallels Frida's own life story, in regard to the "momentous decision she took in her early 20s to leave her young family in pursuit of singing stardom".[2]
A live recording of the song served as the flip side to the single "The Name of the Game",[3] recorded during the Australian leg of the tour.[2]
The lead vocal of the song is Frida. The Chicago Tribune notes that Frida stutters the line "I wonder ... it scares me".[4] The song has a string arrangement that is laced with the harp, French horn, and oboe.[2]
Critical reception
ABBA: Let the Music Speak says that Frida provides the song with "maximum emotional leverage", making it "the most intimate personal portrait" out of the three mini-musical tracks to be featured on ABBA: The Album. It adds that the song would "translate beautifully to the stage" and become a tearjerker. It goes on to mention that her internal conflict is handled well, concluding that "from wistful reflection to strident defiance and back again, Frida's performance...is up there with the greats of the genre".[2]
^ "How do you follow up a blockbuster like Mamma Mia?". Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
^ a b c d Tesch, Christopher Patrick ; editor: Matthew (2008). ABBA : let the music speak : an armchair guide to the musical soundscape of the Swedish supergroup (1st ed.). Fairfield Gardens, Qld.: Christopher J N Patrick. pp. 43–4. ISBN 9780646496764. ((cite book)): |first= has generic name (help)
^ Tobler, John (2012-01-04). Abba - Uncensored on the Record. ISBN 9781908538239.
^ "Archives: Chicago Tribune - CAREER CHRONICLE NEW 4-DISC RELEASE ENCOMPASSES ABBA'S POP-HIT-FILLED HISTORY". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. 1995-05-12. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
ABBA songs
"People Need Love"
"He Is Your Brother"
"Ring Ring"
"Another Town, Another Train"
"Love Isn't Easy (But It Sure Is Hard Enough)"
"Rock'n Roll Band"
"Nina, Pretty Ballerina"
"Disillusion"
"I Saw It in the Mirror"
"Me and Bobby and Bobby's Brother"
"She's My Kind of Girl"
"Waterloo"
"King Kong Song"
"Hasta Mañana"
"My Mama Said"
"Honey, Honey"
"What About Livingstone?"
"Mamma Mia"
"Hey, Hey Helen"
"SOS"
"Bang-A-Boomerang"
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do"
"Rock Me"
"Intermezzo No. 1"
"I've Been Waiting for You"
"So Long"
"Fernando"
"When I Kissed the Teacher"
"Dancing Queen"
"My Love, My Life"
"Dum Dum Diddle"
"Knowing Me, Knowing You"
"Money, Money, Money"
"That's Me"
"Why Did It Have to Be Me?"
"Tiger"
"Arrival"
ABBA: The Album
"Eagle"
"Take a Chance on Me"
"One Man, One Woman"
"Move On"
"Hole in Your Soul"
"Thank You for the Music"
"I'm a Marionette"
Voulez-Vous
"As Good as New"
"Voulez-Vous"
"I Have a Dream"
"Angeleyes"
"The King Has Lost His Crown"
"Does Your Mother Know"
"If It Wasn't for the Nights"
"Lovers (Live a Little Longer)"
"Kisses of Fire"
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)"
"Summer Night City"
Super Trouper
"Super Trouper"
"The Winner Takes It All"
"On and On and On"
"Andante, Andante"
"Me and I"
"Happy New Year"
"Our Last Summer"
"The Piper"
"Lay All Your Love on Me"
The Visitors
"The Visitors"
"Head over Heels"
"When All Is Said and Done"
"Soldiers"
"I Let the Music Speak"
"One of Us"
"Two for the Price of One"
"Slipping Through My Fingers"
"Like an Angel Passing Through My Room"
The Singles:
The First Ten Years
"The Day Before You Came"
"Under Attack"
"I Still Have Faith in You"
"Don't Shut Me Down"
"Just a Notion"
"Little Things"
"Merry-Go-Round"
"Elaine"
"Put on Your White Sombrero"
"Should I Laugh or Cry"
"You Owe Me One"
1970s ballads
1977 singles
Polar Music singles
Songs written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus


One of my uncles on my father's side, utatomncinci, consistently disagrees with me on how societies change.
He insists that the status quo in any society cannot be changed via peaceful and pedestrian methods, but must be by a militant uprising of the masses.
Whilst I agree that societies do change as a result of militant uprising, I disagree that this is the ideal option or even the only option.
It is possible to have a managed transition in society.
However, I have to concede that this depends on the availability of skilled leaders and administrators.
This requirement though, seems difficult to satisfy.
The efforts of many African countries to transition from colonies and conquered territories to viable independent modern societies have proved difficult.
We, in South Africa, are also trying to transition from a conquered territory to an independent modern democracy.
" We, in South Africa, are also trying to transition from a conquered territory to an independent modern democracy. "
Central to this effort is how we view this transition.
This is where skilled leaders come in.
Skilled leaders have the ability to paint a picture which can be easily read, believed and pursued, if not by all, then most citizens.
Theirs is the responsibility to inspire us to chase the new society, each in our own way, through making consistent contributions towards that collective goal.
The administrators on the other hand, have the role of interpreting the vision into smaller achievable targets.
They are able to achieve such smaller targets, each building up towards the greater target.
In the process they are able to assess their progress, identify the snags and give feedback to the leaders, who must in turn satisfy themselves that things are still on course.
Or decide whether a course correction needs to be made.
This may all sound very simple, and possibly like an explanation which is rather needless. But if we look at our trajectory from 1994, we are only able to pick out a few necessary skilled leaders and administrators.
Most of the other people who have occupied very crucial positions have been party loyalists and their cronies.
This is where the breakdown has occurred. And it remains the case today.
But the stark reality is that, for a transitioning country like ours – with a rapidly growing population – there is no other option but to have skilled leaders and administrators.
Yet we somehow seem unable to break out of the trap into which we have repeatedly fallen for going on three decades – which is to obsess about "loyalty".
This great folly was never more clearly demonstrated than in blind allegiance to Jacob Zuma.
And yet we continue to suffer the scourge of "loyal cadres".
Any party that does not get the fundamental importance of having skilled administrators and ethical leaders will continue to march to the self-defeating tune of a very old and doomed drum.
But there is a small irony here. Skilled leaders and administrators also often demonstrate loyalty – to a brief. If you give them one they mostly stay loyal to it because for them, achieving the goal is paramount.
Not so however, the "loyal cadres". For them, it's all about protecting their political movement (and their own interest). In the process, the brief is ignored, the vision blurs, hope diminishes, self-preservation ramps up and the nation is set on course for loss.
A nation is lost through loss of vision, skill, confidence, investment, hope and patience within the populace. In place frustration, fear, anger and an inability to look beyond the here and now rises. A nation in such a state is a danger to itself and to anything of value in its proximity.
This is why skilled leaders never leave the people behind. They consistently share the vision, develop the skills necessary to make that vision possible and inspire the effort necessary to achieve this feat.
Nelson Mandela, whose 100-year centenary we mark today was such a leader. He used every opportunity to lift the nation above any other social formation, be it clan, tribe, nation, political formation, religious group or race group from which we come.
In doing so he honoured every true leader who came before him, those who realised that a nation cannot be built by a scattered people.
It is for this reason that President Cyril Ramaphosa must consistently take us into his confidence; and direct his – and our loyalties – not to the ANC, but to our country, South Africa.


text:
Here's how Sunderland AFC fans can help fit 10,000 seats in final phase of Stadium of Light revamp
The final phase of Sunderland's Stadium of Light revamp will go ahead later this month with the installation of 10,000 new seats - with the help of supporters.
So far more than 20,000 faded red seats have been replaced inside the stadium with brand new red and white seats.
The final phase of the work, which started this summer, will see another 10,000 installed in the West Stand and South Stand in the week beginning Monday, October 29.
A club statement read: "Once again, supporters are invited to play their part in working alongside the stadium's maintenance team to install the seats.
"Naturally, the safety of supporters is always the utmost priority and to ensure that the necessary health and safety requirements are met, participants must be over 18 years of age and have a basic level of technical ability to do the job.
"There will be two sessions each day - morning and afternoon- and at the end of their shift, fans will be able to enjoy complimentary refreshments in Quinn's Sports Bar."
A new colour scheme inside the lower bowl of the Stadium of Light has seen white seats installed in the corners of the ground.
The Sunderland players also joined in with the last phase of the revamp.
Speaking in the summer, Sunderland owner Stewart Donald said: "Replacing the seats, and making the Stadium of Light somewhere we can all be proud of again, is just part of our project to work to restore this great club to what it should be.
"Encouraging fans to play their part in the seat replacement process is part of our policy of re-engaging with fans - these things may seem trivial to some, but as football fans ourselves Charlie [Methven] and I know how important it is for supporters to have a sense of ownership of their club."Fans wishing to come along and help the SAFC team can register their interest here.


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text:
require 'uri'
require 'open-uri'

def vagrant_base_uri
  'https://dl.bintray.com/mitchellh/vagrant/'
end

def vagrant_platform_package(vers = nil)
  case node['os']
  when 'darwin'
    "vagrant_#{vers}.dmg"
  when 'windows'
    "vagrant_#{vers}.msi"
  when 'linux'
    case node['platform_family']
    when 'debian'
      "vagrant_#{vers}_x86_64.deb"
    when 'fedora', 'rhel', 'suse'
      Chef::Log.debug 'SUSE is not specifically supported by vagrant, going to try anyway as if we were RHEL (rpm install).' if platform_family?('suse')
      "vagrant_#{vers}_x86_64.rpm"
    end
  else
    Chef::Log.warn "#{node['platform']} is not supported by vagrant."
    return
  end
end

def vagrant_sha256sum(vers = nil)
  # fetch the version-specific sha256sum file
  # grep for the platform-specific package name
  sha256sums = open(URI.join(vagrant_base_uri, "#{vers}_SHA256SUMS?direct"))
  sha256sums.readlines.grep(/#{vagrant_platform_package(vers)}/)[0].split.first
end

def vagrant_package_uri(vers = nil)
  URI.join(vagrant_base_uri, vagrant_platform_package(vers)).to_s
end

def vagrant_get_home(user)
  begin
    # Attempting to get the $HOME of `user`
    Chef::Log.debug("Attempting to get $HOME of #{user}")
    home = Etc.getpwnam(user).dir
  rescue ArgumentError
    begin
      # Could not look up `user`, seeing if Chef knows about a
      # user[`user`] resource
      Chef::Log.debug("Couldn't find `#{user}`, looking for a resource")
      home = run_context.resource_collection.find("user[#{user}]").home
    rescue Chef::Exceptions::ResourceNotFound
      # Chef does not know about a user[`user`] resource, and that
      # user does not exist on the system, try using the $HOME of the
      # user running Chef
      Chef::Log.debug("No user found, using running process uid, `#{Process.uid}`")
      home = Etc.getpwuid(Process.uid).dir
    end
  end

  home
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Christopher Omiecinski, president of Jamesway Incubator Company, presented a check in the amount of $2,000 to Melisa Morrow, development officer for Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Foundation. U.S. Poultry & Egg Association (USPOULTRY) matched Jamesway's contribution with Sherman Miller, Cal-Maine Foods, and 2015 USPOULTRY chairman, presenting the check. Joining in the presentation were Miss America Betty Cantrell, gold medal Special Olympian Will Crain, Jill Morrow, development officer for Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Foundation, and Georgia Agriculture Commissioner Gary Black.
The presentation took place at the International Poultry Expo (IPE), part of the 2016 International Production & Processing Expo in Atlanta. The IPPE is the world's largest annual trade show for the poultry, feed and meat industries. This was Jamesway's seventh year of donating to the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. USPOULTRY has contributed for the last six years.
"Jamesway is known worldwide for our "Worry-Free" hatchery solutions. We hope that our contributions this year, and over the past seven years, bring a little of that same "Worry-Free" to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta," said Omiecinski.
"USPOULTRY appreciates Jamesway's leadership in making this contribution to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. We are pleased to match this donation, as IPE has called Atlanta home for 68 years," said Miller.
"Children's Healthcare of Atlanta is dependent on donors like Jamesway and USPOULTRY to fulfill its mission of making kids better today and healthier tomorrow through philanthropic support. Children's provides medically-needed healthcare to the children of Georgia, including families that could not otherwise afford to pay," said Morrow.


Piedmont Benveloence Center is located at the address 20222 Al Highway 9 in Piedmont, Alabama 36272. They can be contacted via phone at (256) 447-2211 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Piedmont Benveloence Center view the map to the right. For reviews of Piedmont Benveloence Center see below.


text:
Q: Show image on php int change In PHP how do I make it show an image when an int changes from 0 to 1? I have;
$url = "forums.bukkit.org/alerts.json";
$page = file_get_contents($url);
$json_arr = json_decode($string,true);
return $json_arr['_visitor_alertsUnread'];

When json_arr is >0, how do I make it show an image?

A: if($json_arr['_visitor_alertsUnread'])
   echo "seen picture!";
else
   echo "not seen picture!";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"... One of the most important advantages of logic programming systems is that they allow the transparent exploitation of parallelism. The different forms of parallelism available and the complex nature of logic programming applications present interesting problems to both the users and the developers of ..."
"... Logic programming allows to explore the full potential of parallelism in the programs in a transparent manner. Several systems were developed to explore the implicit parallelism of logic programs. The development of these systems brings some hard problems such as parallel debugging and dynamic distr ..."


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text:
European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation
Dirk W. Vanderklein, Peter B. Reich
To test whether trees with different leaf life spans respond differently to defoliation, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees (9 years old in 1991) were partially defoliated by hand between July 1 and 10 in 1989, 1990 and 1991. At the end of 1991, trees of both species had received either 0, 1, 2 or 3 years of defoliation. Trees that received only 1 year of defoliation were defoliated in 1989. Variables measured included photosynthesis, twig water potential, leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen concentration. There were few significant responses to defoliation in any of the three years of treatment in either species, and only the current-year defoliation treatments caused significant responses. Both species had reduced photosynthetic rates and less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1989. In 1990 and 1991, the defoliation treatments had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured in European larch. In 1990, there was a significant reduction in foliar nitrogen concentration in eastern white pine in response to defoliation in 1990. In 1991, eastern white pine had significantly less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1991. Leaf mass per area was not affected by defoliation in either species. We conclude that, for European larch and eastern white pine, differences in leaf life span have no effect on leaf-and twig-level responses to defoliation.
Tree Physiology
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
Foliar nitrogen
Larix decidua
Leaf life span
Leaf mass per area
Twig water potential
10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
Dive into the research topics of 'European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Larix Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Larix decidua Agriculture & Biology 75%
Pinus strobus Agriculture & Biology 73%
defoliation Agriculture & Biology 56%
Nitrogen Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Longevity Medicine & Life Sciences 24%
Pinus Medicine & Life Sciences 21%
Vanderklein, D. W., & Reich, P. B. (2000). European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation. Tree Physiology, 20(4), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
Vanderklein, Dirk W. ; Reich, Peter B. / European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation. In: Tree Physiology. 2000 ; Vol. 20, No. 4. pp. 283-287.
@article{a9dd2b5dae6b45558c6f27a66b00ef26,
title = "European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation",
abstract = "To test whether trees with different leaf life spans respond differently to defoliation, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees (9 years old in 1991) were partially defoliated by hand between July 1 and 10 in 1989, 1990 and 1991. At the end of 1991, trees of both species had received either 0, 1, 2 or 3 years of defoliation. Trees that received only 1 year of defoliation were defoliated in 1989. Variables measured included photosynthesis, twig water potential, leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen concentration. There were few significant responses to defoliation in any of the three years of treatment in either species, and only the current-year defoliation treatments caused significant responses. Both species had reduced photosynthetic rates and less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1989. In 1990 and 1991, the defoliation treatments had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured in European larch. In 1990, there was a significant reduction in foliar nitrogen concentration in eastern white pine in response to defoliation in 1990. In 1991, eastern white pine had significantly less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1991. Leaf mass per area was not affected by defoliation in either species. We conclude that, for European larch and eastern white pine, differences in leaf life span have no effect on leaf-and twig-level responses to defoliation.",
keywords = "Foliar nitrogen, Larix decidua, Leaf life span, Leaf mass per area, Photosynthesis, Pinus strobus, Twig water potential",
author = "Vanderklein, {Dirk W.} and Reich, {Peter B.}",
doi = "10.1093/treephys/20.4.283",
journal = "Tree Physiology",
Vanderklein, DW & Reich, PB 2000, 'European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation', Tree Physiology, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation. / Vanderklein, Dirk W.; Reich, Peter B.
In: Tree Physiology, Vol. 20, No. 4, 01.01.2000, p. 283-287.
T1 - European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation
AU - Vanderklein, Dirk W.
AU - Reich, Peter B.
N2 - To test whether trees with different leaf life spans respond differently to defoliation, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees (9 years old in 1991) were partially defoliated by hand between July 1 and 10 in 1989, 1990 and 1991. At the end of 1991, trees of both species had received either 0, 1, 2 or 3 years of defoliation. Trees that received only 1 year of defoliation were defoliated in 1989. Variables measured included photosynthesis, twig water potential, leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen concentration. There were few significant responses to defoliation in any of the three years of treatment in either species, and only the current-year defoliation treatments caused significant responses. Both species had reduced photosynthetic rates and less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1989. In 1990 and 1991, the defoliation treatments had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured in European larch. In 1990, there was a significant reduction in foliar nitrogen concentration in eastern white pine in response to defoliation in 1990. In 1991, eastern white pine had significantly less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1991. Leaf mass per area was not affected by defoliation in either species. We conclude that, for European larch and eastern white pine, differences in leaf life span have no effect on leaf-and twig-level responses to defoliation.
AB - To test whether trees with different leaf life spans respond differently to defoliation, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees (9 years old in 1991) were partially defoliated by hand between July 1 and 10 in 1989, 1990 and 1991. At the end of 1991, trees of both species had received either 0, 1, 2 or 3 years of defoliation. Trees that received only 1 year of defoliation were defoliated in 1989. Variables measured included photosynthesis, twig water potential, leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen concentration. There were few significant responses to defoliation in any of the three years of treatment in either species, and only the current-year defoliation treatments caused significant responses. Both species had reduced photosynthetic rates and less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1989. In 1990 and 1991, the defoliation treatments had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured in European larch. In 1990, there was a significant reduction in foliar nitrogen concentration in eastern white pine in response to defoliation in 1990. In 1991, eastern white pine had significantly less negative twig water potentials in response to defoliation in 1991. Leaf mass per area was not affected by defoliation in either species. We conclude that, for European larch and eastern white pine, differences in leaf life span have no effect on leaf-and twig-level responses to defoliation.
KW - Foliar nitrogen
KW - Larix decidua
KW - Leaf life span
KW - Leaf mass per area
KW - Photosynthesis
KW - Pinus strobus
KW - Twig water potential
U2 - 10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
DO - 10.1093/treephys/20.4.283
JO - Tree Physiology
JF - Tree Physiology
Vanderklein DW, Reich PB. European larch and eastern white pine respond similarly during three years of partial defoliation. Tree Physiology. 2000 Jan 1;20(4):283-287. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.4.283


Satan War (1979) -- Unseen satanic forces terrorize a young married couple in their new home.
Satan War DVD is offered as a compact edition. This transfer is manufactured on demand and is presented on premium DVD-R with thermal disc print in a clear plastic wallet. Important: This title has been manufactured from the best-quality video master (rated 7/10) currently available and has not been remastered or restored.


text:
Psychiatrists To Take New Approach In Bereavement
Published December 6, 2012 at 3:00 PM EST
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Audie Cornish.
MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:
And I'm Melissa Block.
This past weekend, a task force of psychiatrists made some big decisions. They sat down and voted on what to include and not to include in the new version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM Fifth Edition. It's the book that sets the basic standards for psychiatric diagnoses. This is the first time it's been updated since 1994.
CORNISH: We're going to talk now about one controversial change to the manual. It's about how doctors approach depression in the case of a patient grieving over the loss of a loved one.
For more, we're joined by Jerome Wakefield. He's from the School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry at New York University. Jerome, welcome to the program.
JEROME WAKEFIELD: Thank you.
CORNISH: So first, let's spell out this change. It involves removing from the manual something called the bereavement exclusion. So start by explaining what that is.
WAKEFIELD: Right now, major depression is diagnosed by a list of symptoms. If you have five out of these symptoms for two weeks, you have major depression. Symptoms include: sadness, loss of appetite, insomnia, fatigue, lack of interest in your usual activities, and so on.
However, it was noticed that when the new criteria were created that many people who have grief feel these same feelings, normal grief. And, in fact, research has shown that this is true. So the idea was let's put in a criterion that says don't diagnose major depression in an individual even if they have these kinds of feelings if they just lost a loved one.
Instead of just two weeks that's allowed for the symptoms usually, the bereavement exclusion says don't diagnose them as having a psychiatric disorder unless these feelings go on for at least two months.
CORNISH: So this past weekend, the DSM panel voted to remove the bereavement exclusion. And to kind of summarize the argument for that, basically there was a concern that grieving patients with severe symptoms were actually being prevented from getting proper treatment because they fell within this exclusion. And doctors, I guess would say to them, no, this is just normal grieving.
But I take it that you disagree.
WAKEFIELD: That's right. I mean, as I just explained it, the bereavement exclusion - as it has been in the manual since 1980 - doesn't say you shouldn't diagnose anybody with depression just because they recently lost somebody. What it says is that we're going to make a distinction between the ones that should diagnose and the ones that you shouldn't diagnose.
So, to me, it doesn't really make sense to - on the basis of worrying that you're going to miss a case that's more severe - to eliminate the bereavement exclusion, because the bereavement exclusion already takes account of the fact that anybody who's severe should be diagnosed anyway.
Now, keep in mind that what this means is that now without the exclusion the limitation is two weeks, the normal period of time allowed for depressive feelings before you're diagnosed - for anybody. That means that after you lose a loved one - you lose a spouse, a parent, even a child - if two weeks later, you are feeling things like sadness, lack of interest in your usual activities, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, these kinds of symptoms that are routinely contained in a response to extreme loss, then you will be diagnosable with a mental disorder.
To a lot of us this just seems like a gross error of psychiatric classification that might allow patients to be given meditation, to be diagnosed, to be seen differently than for what they really are going through.
CORNISH: And is that your concern here, that this will bring too many people into the fold?
WAKEFIELD: Once this is on the books as a legitimate mental disorder, it will be targeted for drug development and treatment will be much more routine. People will be seen differently by their own families and they're diagnosed with a mental disorder. People will see themselves differently. So, yes, I think this will be quite dramatic.
One of the main motivations for eliminating the bereavement exclusion was the idea that medication might help. So we can look forward, if you will, to a time when medication will be given more routinely to people who are grieving; even when they have a relatively mild depressive feeling during that grief.
CORNISH: Is that necessarily a bad thing?
WAKEFIELD: I think right now we do not actually know that this helps, that medication helps. This belief is ahead of the curve with respect to research. We also know from the research that people who are having these milder depressive feelings during grief don't have a recurrence of depression. They seem to do very well. They get over it and they go on, and they're not recurrent like usual depression is. So you're basically medicating people who are going to remit on their own, are probably going to do fine.
I think given the side effects of medications, the uncertainties of medication, it's a mistake to make it routine to open up people to medication under these circumstances. We do want to help people who are suffering, but to re-label suffering as a mental disorder - subjected to psychiatric treatment - seems like opening the door to a very different way of thinking about ourselves and people that might not actually be so helpful after all.
CORNISH: Jerome Wakefield, thank you so much for speaking with me.
WAKEFIELD: Thank you.
CORNISH: Jerome Wakefield, he's from the Social of Work and Department of Psychiatry at New York University. He's also the co-author of the book "The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder."
BLOCK: Doctor Wakefield was talking about one change to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM. Here are a few others.
CORNISH: The diagnosis of Asperger's will disappear in favor of a broader category. It's called Autism Spectrum Disorder. People with Asperger's will be placed on the mild side of that spectrum.
BLOCK: A new diagnosis was added to the manual, Hoarding Disorder. It describes people who find it very difficult to part with any possessions, no matter how worthless they are.
CORNISH: Binge Eating becomes a full-fledged disorder. Previously it was considered a behavior that required more study. But the experts decided it now qualifies for the manual.
BLOCK: And finally, here's something to watch for in the future. The DSM panel lifted something called Internet Use Gaming Disorder. It's a disorder that needs additional research. That means in the coming years, experts will be trying to decide if the addictive playing of online games - or the compulsive use of the Internet generally - could qualify as a mental illness. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


Are you in a situation in which you require the assistance of a reliable lawyer? Do you want to know how to find the right lawyer for your situation? Read on and learn how you can find the perfect lawyer.
Take some time to think about exactly what your trouble is before looking for a lawyer. You should first find out if a lawyer is even necessary. If you have a lawsuit already on the books, need to get a divorce or have been accused of something criminal, you will need legal representation. No matter your reason, you need a competent lawyer.
TIP! Be certain every lawyer you interview provides you with a list of fees. Legal representation can vary greatly in pricing; therefore, you should be cognizant of the fees charged before hiring a specific attorney.
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Trust is an extremely important part of the lawyer-client relationship. Especially if the lawyer you are looking for is for your professional matters or business. Many of these lawyers ask for a retainer fee or a blank check; therefore, it is important to trust your attorney. Your financial fate is literally in their hands, then. You must be cognizant of your own protection.
Many lawyers are too busy with other cases to give your case the time it needs. Make sure you ask them about their devotion to your case up front. They must be honest with regards to their schedule so you're able to find an attorney that has enough time.
If you go to your initial consultation with a lawyer and he makes any guarantees of victory, the best thing that you can do is leave. All good lawyers know that there are no guarantees, as the ones who say that are simply trying to sell themselves. A guarantee of an outcome is a huge warning sign of a possibly incompetent or unethical lawyer.
You will feel more comfortable with a reliable lawyer. After reading this, you can find the right attorney. Use what you've learned wisely.
Do you need a reliable lawyer to help you with a legal problem? Would you like to know more about how to find that lawyer that can take care of your needs? The article below contains tips that will help you locate the right lawyer.
Don't just hire the first attorney you talk to. Research thoroughly. If you don't, you may regret it. Speak to others and see what you can figure out about lawyers that interest you.
TIP! Don't choose the very first lawyer you find. Research your options to avoid terrible consequences.
Always request information related to fees when hiring a lawyer. The fees will vary depending on a lawyer's background, and it is smart to be aware of what you are going to pay before you retain him. Nothing is worse to a case than losing representation after a court case has begun.
Check to make sure your lawyer is available to answer your calls or emails. One of the most common complaints people have about lawyers is being unable to get in touch. This can lead to a lot of issues, not the least of which is the fact that you will wonder if you are getting adequate service or not.
Make sure you identify your problems and concerns before looking for a lawyer. Are you 100 percent sure that you require the services of an attorney? Cases involving criminal acts, divorce and other critical issues require the skills and expertise of a good attorney. You may also need an attorney's expert opinion for a financial or business matter.
TIP! Be certain every lawyer you interview provides you with a list of fees. Depending on how much experience or demand they have, the fees may greatly differ.
Verify that the lawyer you are considering has won cases that are similar to yours before you hire him or her. Just because they specialize in cases similar to yours doesn't mean they'll win your case. If your lawyer is not willing to provide you with information on their past cases, then you should think about hiring a different lawyer for your situation.
You will feel more comfortable with a reliable lawyer. With this article in mind, you should be ready to find a great attorney. Apply what you've learned here, and go out and find the best one.


text:
Professor of Sociology and, by courtesy, of Education, Emeritus
Ph.D., Columbia, 1965
meyer@stanford.edu
John W. Meyer is Professor of Sociology (and, by courtesy, Education), emeritus, at Stanford. He has contributed to organizational theory, comparative education, and the sociology of education, developing sociological institutional theory. Since the 1970s, he has studied the impact of global society on national states and societies (some papers are collected in Weltkultur: Wie die westlichen Prinzipien die Welt durchdringen, Suhrkamp, 2005; a more extensive set is in G. Kruecken and G. Drori, eds.: World Society: The Writings of John W. Meyer, Oxford 2009). In 2003 he completed a collaborative study of worldwide science and its national effects (Drori, et al., Science in the Modern World Polity, Stanford). A more recent collaborative project is on the impact of globalization on organizational structures (Drori et al., eds., Globalization and Organization, Oxford 2006). He now studies the world human rights regime, world curricula in mass and higher education, and the worldwide expansion of formal organization. He is a member of the National Academy of Education, has honorary doctorates from the Stockholm School of Economics and the Universities of Bielefeld and Lucerne, and received the American Sociological Association's section awards for lifetime contributions to the sociology of education, and to the study of globalization.
John W. Meyer Receives the 2015 W.E.B. DuBois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award
John W. Meyer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, wins the 2015 W.E.B. DuBois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award. This award honors those ASA member scholars who have shown outstanding commitment to the profession of sociology and whose cumulative work has contributed in important ways to the...
Bldg. 120, rm. 248
Comparative and Historical Sociology; Organizations and Work; Political Sociology; Sociology of Education


Next month marks five years that I've been a freelance reviewer, and I turn 35 later in the year. With these milestones in mind, I've been pushing myself a bit more to make contact with new publications and try to get my work out there more widely.
Most recently, I was pleased to have my first article in Literary Hub, an essay about rereading Little Women in its 150th anniversary year in conjunction with the new BBC/PBS miniseries production. (I shared this article intensively on social media, so do forgive me if you've already seen it somewhere else!) This is the first time, apart from here on the blog, that I've blended book commentary with personal material. I think it's probably the best "exposure" I've had for my writing thus far: last time I looked, Literary Hub's Facebook post about the article had gotten 123 likes and 33 shares, with 71 likes and 22 retweets on Twitter.
I continue to review for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on a regular basis. My latest review was quite a negative one, alas, for Richard Flanagan's First Person ( ). Upcoming: Slave Old Man by Patrick Chamoiseau ( ) and A Weekend in New York by Benjamin Markovits.
I still contribute the occasional review to Shiny New Books. My latest two are of From Here to Eternity by Caitlin Doughty ( ) and All the Beautiful Girls by Elizabeth J. Church ( ).
I reviewed Florida by Lauren Groff ( ), my fiction book of the year so far, for Stylist magazine. This is the fourth time I've volunteered for their "Book Wars" column, but the first time I've 'won' – I attribute it to the high class of book!
A dual review of two nature-themed memoirs in the Times Literary Supplement (June 15th issue). This is my third piece for the TLS, but as it's a longer one it feels a little more 'real'.
An essay on two books about "wasting time" (including Alan Lightman's) in the Los Angeles Review of Books (June 20th).
A dual review of a memoir and a poetry volume by African writers in Wasafiri literary magazine (Issue 95).
A dual review of two death-themed poetry collections for PN Review.
Two book lists for OZY, one on the refugee crisis and another on compassion in medicine.
A review essay on Gross Anatomy by Mara Altman for Glamour Online.
Normally I'd start the month off with a few recommendations for new books, but I've only finished one November book I can recommend (Skating on the Vertical, short stories by Jan English Leary; not yet reviewed); I DNFed another couple and skimmed one more. So instead I'll give a quick survey of what the month holds.
Young Writer of the Year reviews and events. I've read The Lauras; expect my review on Monday. I'm currently reading The Lucky Ones, Conversations with Friends, and the Steven Runciman biography, which will be my doorstopper for the month. There will be a shortlist event in London on the 18th, and on the 24th the shadow panel is meeting up to select a winner.
I'll be finishing up a brief climate change feature for Foreword Reviews magazine, consisting of mini-reviews of four upcoming books on an environmental theme.
Review books I owe write-ups for: Jacob's Room Is Full of Books by Susan Hill (released last month) and The Smell of Fresh Rain by Barney Shaw (out on the 14th). I'm fascinated by the science of smell and taste, so I'm intrigued to find out what Shaw has to say about a sense that often gets little attention.
Blog tour for Celeste Ng's new novel, Little Fires Everywhere, on the 14th. I haven't started it yet but I'm looking forward to it immensely.
You'd think with all those review books and library piles I wouldn't be taking on any more projects…but I couldn't resist agreeing to another "Book Wars" column (my third) for Stylist magazine, due on the 17th. I used to love reading Stylist when I worked in London; if you're lucky enough to come across the magazine in your commuting, look out for my contribution to the Christmas-themed special.
If I get a chance, I'll also participate in German Literature Month by reading Bernhard Schlink's The Woman on the Stairs on my Kindle.
I'm revisiting some of my favorite Victorian pastiches for an article on neo-Victorian novels for Bookmarks magazine, due at the end of the month.
Otherwise, I'll be focusing on novellas for November, including some nonfiction novellas. I have a big pile of books set aside that are around 150 pages or shorter. I'll get to as many of them as I can and summarize them in a roundup or two. They're quick wins, true, often read in a single sitting (I read Alice Hoffman's Survival Lessons this morning, for instance), but this doesn't feel like a cheaty way to build up the book list because brevity is such an admirable skill.


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text:
You are at:Home»Fordham Lawyer»Features»Fordham Law Forward
Fordham Law Forward
By	Ray Legendre and Lindsey Pelucacci on	 May 24, 2018 Features, Fordham Lawyer
Anticipating the demands of a changing legal profession
In a 2016 law review article, lawyer and entrepreneur Paul Lippe wrote the following: "Over the last generation, law and lawyers have fallen further behind other fields in their level of innovation, the use of new tools to improve productivity, and thoughtful design to respond to complexity. While some of this is inherent in the nature of law, much of it needs to change if lawyers hope to retain the respected role of their profession."
One of the objectives of Fordham Law Forward, the School's strategic plan, is to anticipate the demands of a changing legal profession. This means, in part, adapting the School's curriculum to address emerging dimensions of legal practice. Fordham Law students must gain exposure to new technologies if they are to solve the complex legal problems they will face in an increasingly interconnected digital world.
More than simply asking of its users a basic knowledge of the latest gadget, technology changes the way lawyers think. It reorients our conception of legal problems, the types of questions we ask, and the information that we gather. In other words, technology does not simply usher in new tools; it heralds a new process of thought, a different system of analysis. Fordham Law is heeding the digital call—to ensure that our future legal leaders serve their clients with the full range of perspective and understanding that is available to them.
– Matthew Diller
Faculty Perspective
As a first-year associate, Janet Freilich received a daunting and bewildering assignment: examining a mass of legal documents in preparation for a legal matter using software she had never heard of before. Years later, Freilich, now a Fordham Law professor, exposes her students to advanced technology in her Civil Procedure and Intellectual Property courses to ensure they avoid the knowledge gap she encountered early in her legal career.
Freilich has achieved this goal, in part by inviting Fordham Law Reference Librarian Jocelyn K. Sagherian to make presentations to her classes on software that will enhance their careers. For instance, Sagherian demonstrated to Freilich's fall 2017 Civil Procedure students how predictive coding systems in electronic discovery help lawyers parse hundreds of thousands of documents quickly and efficiently. In Freilich's spring 2018 IP course, after students designed their own trademark, Sagherian showed them how to search the United States Patent and Trademark Office's Trademark Electronic Search System for relevant words and images.
"Technology changes very quickly, so it can be hard to teach everybody every single technology skill they need to know in law school," Freilich says. "However, students need to have some exposure to technology so that they can have a sense of what's out there and know where they might go to learn."
Sagherian's e-discovery presentation is part of the Maloney Library's multipronged approach to exposing students to advanced technology, according to Law Library Director Todd Melnick. This approach includes modules on e-discovery, legal analytics, cybersecurity, and case management; a Legal Practice Technology course the library offers in the spring; inviting representatives from legal tech vendors to speak at the Law School; and adding legal practice technology and training to Advanced Legal Research courses.
"We want to make sure students have a basic understanding of and competency in the use of new legal tech so that they can hit the ground running when they join law firms," Melnick explains. "Compared with students who don't have this introduction, Fordham students will have a head start when they enter practice."
For Visiting International Professor Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid, ensuring this head start means taking her IP students to Tesla's New York offices to view autonomous vehicles, observing a gallery exhibition of paintings created by artificial intelligence (AI), and sharing jazz she created using AI. In the upcoming fall semester, she plans to hold a moot court session of an IP dispute involving a work of art or invention created by AI and distributed by blockchain technology.
"We want to make sure students have a basic understanding of and competency in the use of new legal tech so that they can hit the ground running when they join law firms. Compared with students who don't have this introduction, Fordham students will have a head start when they enter practice."
– Todd Melnick
"If we really want to prepare law students for the future, we can't just make them study cases from the past," says
Yanisky-Ravid, senior fellow for the Center on Law and Information Policy's AI-IP Research Project. "When my students work on a paper, I want them to be as innovative as the advanced technology tools themselves. I want them to feel like Fordham takes innovation on intellectual property and advanced technology one step further and that what they're learning here is unique to this Law School."
Alumni Perspective
Alumni Brandon McKenzie '14 and Ariana Tadler '92 agree that Fordham Law students ought to prepare themselves for the increasing demand for technological skills within and beyond the legal profession.
"If you are a lawyer focused on technology, especially in web- or app-based industries, you need to understand current development frameworks," says McKenzie, who is founder, chief operating officer, and head of product at MetroButler, a company that acts as a host logistics manager and concierge for clients who seek to rent out their homes.
"Every lawyer needs some level of familiarity with how data is created," says Tadler, who, in addition to her role as managing partner at Milberg Tadler Phillips Grossman LLP, serves as founding principal at Meta-e Discovery LLC, a company that provides data hosting, management, and consultation.
McKenzie believes that law students interested in tech should develop basic literacy in agile development, block- chain, and data privacy, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and Europe's General Data Protection Regulation, which went into effect May 25. He also recommends that law schools team up with business schools to better illuminate the intersections of law and technology. Tadler suggests that law students master Lexis and Westlaw, discovery platforms, and the entirety of Microsoft Office Suite. Tadler also insists that students teach themselves technology-based skills to best position themselves for recruitment.
McKenzie and Tadler agree that law schools should serve as technology training grounds. McKenzie cites Professor Joel Reidenberg's course on internet law—particularly the lectures on net neutrality—as an important catalyst for his current work. Tadler explains that Judge Denny Chin's legal writing course inspired her to learn tech-based research and presentation tools.
McKenzie and Tadler recommend that, among other courses, law schools should offer courses on e-discovery, cybersecurity, and data security.
"If law schools don't start offering courses on technological literacy, people will get left behind," says McKenzie.
"It's a mistake for any modern law school not to have these courses," says Tadler. "I want Fordham to be upfront on these issues."