04/19/2019 10:55:56 95540126 2 TJNBoost7Days 1 0 3241 1 1 Social Services Community Work Direct Care Staff Direct Care Staff Full Time Blithesome Hillcrest | Detroit, MI NEW Job DescriptionMust be at least 20 years old, worked in an adult foster care home, be a certified direct care staff, with current CPR and First Aid. Would ... NEW Do you match?
04/13/2019 06:16:17 94242844 3 TJNBoost7Days 7 0 3241 1 1 Social Services Community Work Direct Care Worker Direct Care Worker Full Time JABEZ RECOVERY MANAGEMENT SERVICES | Detroit, MI 7 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionDirect Care Workers (DCW) are responsible for providing people with developmental disabilities or mental illness; direction, support, encour... 7 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/13/2019 06:14:26 94242424 4 TJNBoost7Days 7 0 3241 1 1 Social Services Social Work Bi-Lingual Residential Therapist - Adolescent Behavioral Health (Spani Bi-Lingual Residential Therapist - Adolescent Behavioral Health (Spani Full Time Detroit Behavioral Institute | Detroit, MI 7 DAYS AGO Job Description Essential Functions and ResponsibilitiesFacilitates group, family and individual therapy for all youth on their assigned caseload per DBI p... 7 DAYS AGO Do you match?
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04/15/2019 02:34:38 94579163 6 TJNBoost7Days 5 0 3241 1 1 Social Services Community Work Direct Care Worker Direct Care Worker Full Time REHAB PATHWAYS GROUP INC | Troy, MI 5 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionWE HAVE BEEN MAKING A DIFFERENCE FOR 30 YEARS AND NEED YOUR HELP TO CONTINUE TO DO SO!!POSITION: Residential Assistants (cooking, cleaning, ... 5 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/03/2019 06:49:06 91873383 7 TJNBoost7Days 17 0 2717 1 1 Social Services Social Work Social Worker - Behavioral Health for Psychiatric Nursing Unit Social Worker - Behavioral Health for Psychiatric Nursing Unit Full Time Ascension | Southfield, MI (48076) 17 DAYS AGO We Are Hiring Behavioral Health Counselor 1 - Psychiatric Nursing Unit 001 - PRN,Day - Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield CampusWhy Join Ascension? ... 17 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/26/2018 01:01:57 40690908 19 359 0 3358 1 1 Social Services Social Work Social Srvcs Coordinator LTC Social Srvcs Coordinator LTC Full Time Beaumont Health System | Farmington, MI Last week to apply GENERAL SUMMARY: Acting as a member of the resident care team and leader of the Social Services Team, the Social Services Coordinator is responsible for id... Last week to apply Do you match?
04/20/2019 10:22:05 95776461 20 0 0 3541 1 1 Social Services Community Work Afternoon Aides - Facility Shifts Afternoon Aides - Facility Shifts Full Time Balanced Home Care | West Bloomfield, MI NEW Senior Living Facility located in West Bloomfield, MI is currently seeking direct care staff to fulfill shifts as soon as possible. About The Job: Resident... NEW Do you match?
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04/20/2019 10:22:40 95776593 23 0 0 3241 1 1 Social Services Social Work Outpatient Mental Health Therapist Outpatient Mental Health Therapist Full Time Oakland Psychological Clinic, P.C. | Lake Orion, MI NEW Job DescriptionWe are seeking Outpatient Mental Health Therapists to join our team!Responsibilities:Provide outpatient mental health or substance abuse ser... NEW Do you match?
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For sale is a like new in box Samsung Galaxy S5 Android Smartphone 16 gb Black Unlocked. It comes with the original box, manuals, headphones, charger, and usb cable. I'll also include a very nice PureGear hybrid material case. Everything is in perfect working condition, only being sold since I need the money.


Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, is asking the Government Accountability Office to review the effectiveness of what he calls "modest reforms" to the so-called actively engaged rule in the 2014 farm bill, as it pertains to determining farm program eligibility.
For years Grassley has been pushing for more-complete reform to eligibility rules that currently allow non-family farm members to access farm programs, essentially nudging out young farmers.
Both chambers of Congress approved reforms to the actively engaged rule as part of the 2014 farm bill, which would have eliminated non-farming managers to one per farm entity.
During a conference call with agriculture journalists on Tuesday, Grassley said the reform essentially was "gutted" and replaced with instructions to USDA that restricted the department's ability to fix safety net abuses.
Grassley said the conferees broke a conference rule in 2014 that essentially limits legislative compromises to those issues where the House and Senate disagree. Both sides of Congress agreed to the one-per-farm entity limit during the 2014 farm bill conference.
Grassley wants the GAO to review how the last-minute change during the farm bill debate affected farm programs.
"Farmers using non-family farm members are only helping themselves," Grassley said. "I'm not going to give up this fight. I still have young farmers write to me saying they can't get into farm programs. Big farms are getting bigger. Removing non-farmers from the system is low-hanging fruit."
Grassley said the Congressional conference on the 2014 farm bill consisted of three of four members from Southern states. "They didn't like what I proposed," he said.
Although the 2014 conferees violated the rules, Grassley said there's not much that can be done to correct it.
"Secretary (Tom) Vilsack did as best he could when he tried to write fairly strict rules, but it affected just a few people," Grassley said.
In 2013 the GAO found that USDA rules make it difficult to track whether farmers are following the actively engaged rule.
"Compliance reviews conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Agency to determine if farming operation members (individuals and entities) meet the payment requirements for being actively engaged in farming are hindered by broad and subjective requirements and difficulty in verifying individuals' evidence of claimed contributions," the report concluded, http://www.gao.gov/….
"To be actively engaged in farming, an individual is to make significant contributions to that operation in personal labor or active personal management (or both)," the GAO said.
"However, the definition of active personal management in FSA regulations is broad and can be satisfied by an individual performing at least one of eight services representing categories such as supervision of activities necessary in the farming operation."
In 2012, the 50 farm entities receiving the highest farm program payments had an average of about $395,000 in payments and about 10 individual members claiming contributions, the GAO found.
In April 2016 Grassley introduced the "Farm Payment Loophole Elimination Act" to close the farm subsidy loophole.
The bill eliminated from the 2014 farm bill language that allowed for non-farmers, who happen to be family members but aren't involved in the work or management of the farm or own farm land, to receive farm subsidy payments.
Is the Senator implying someones brothers-mothers-aunts-sister, who once saw a picture of the original homestead is not an active part of the operation?


text:
"This thing of darkness..."
Rose & Poe
By Cecilia Keating
A review of Rose & Poe by Jack Todd
Rose & Poe, a novel by Montreal Gazette sports columnist Jack Todd, is a North American fable loosely based on The Tempest. It tells the story of Poe, a simple-minded, hunchbacked gentle giant with six fingers and six toes, and his doting mother Rose. The pair have a modest existence cleaning houses, making cheese, tending goats, and merrymaking in their local tavern in Belle Coeur County, a fictional region of New England surrounded by water on three sides and Quebec the other.
Their lives are thrown into disarray when Miranda, the daughter of Prosper Thorne – once a hot-shot corporate lawyer, now a recluse with a crumbling mind and an unsettling obsession with his teenage daughter – is violently assaulted. Poe witnesses the attack on his childhood friend and carries her bruised and bleeding naked body into town. Distressed and unable to express himself or identify the assailant, Poe is arrested and immediately becomes the unwitting subject of a vortex of small-town fear and hatred.
Jack Todd
In the first section of the book, Todd delicately chronicles Poe's beginnings and Rose's unwavering devotion to her gormless but well-meaning son. From fighting for custody as a teenage mother – first against the heavily dandruffed, bloody-lipsticked social workers who show up at her door and later in court – to her epic pan-American bus voyage to fetch Poe and bring him home after he is conscripted into the army, each episode is quaint, didactic, and uncomplicated, tinged with humour and championing the resilience of motherly love in the face of adversity.
Despite the repeated unkindness Rose is subjected to from those around her, she is guileless and understanding of her bullies – even Poe's father, who will not publicly acknowledge their relationship or child "because it just wouldn't do." She is poor, but generous with the little that she has – regardless of whether it's her love, labour, singing, or body. And not everyone in Rose's life is cold, unkind and immune to her charm; there are also plenty of compassionate characters, from the friendly innkeeper who helps Rose get Poe back from army camp to the lawyer who promises to take Poe's case on pro bono.
The second half of the book descends into a less compelling courtroom procedural that unfolds in the musty local courthouse and lacks the charm, magic, and quirkiness of the first half. Poe is subjected to two vicious trials – by the law and by public opinion.
Todd's lyrical but simple prose is a pleasure to read and is most effective in its descriptions of nature. Birds perch on telephone wires like "notes on sheet music," pee soars in "golden six-foot arcs," and a "buttermilk moon" crowns the night sky. There is an innocence and sincerity in his choice of metaphor – as if we are seeing the world through Poe's eyes.
Like in the novel's Shakespearean counterpart, nature takes centre stage. Its role is mostly benign and comforting, shoring Rose and Poe and their goats from the more complicated human world of bureaucracy, discrimination, and prejudice. But it also lashes out, reaching monstrous and terrifying heights in the form of a destructive storm that floods Belle Coeur County (which may or may not have been summoned by Prosper Thorne with a magical rod).
The focus on nature and lack of temporal references and modern technology gives the story the quality of a timeless fairy tale. Subtle references to magic and Poe's giant size and body deformities add to this effect. Other than the title two, however, most of Todd's characters lack depth and are stereotypes – perhaps inevitable for fixtures in a fable. Miranda's characterization suffers the most. She is a quintessentially bland object of male desire – a damsel in distress, denied personality or meaningful dialogue. Other characters seem to exist primarily as a plot device to drive home The Tempest analogy.
Despite those shortcomings, Rose & Poe is a well-crafted tale about discrimination, prejudice, and the danger of being different. Most of all, it is a homage to motherly love. mRb
Cecilia Keating is a freelance journalist who writes about housing, environment, and cities. In a past life, she was a book publicist. She tweets @cecilia_keating.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are two schools of thought on the "industrialization" of single-use bioprocessing. The camps cannot agree if disposable processing has fully arrived or not.
A panel discussion at IBC's recently completed "Bioprocess International Conference & Exhibition" in Long Beach, CA, sought to resolve this issue once and for all. A minority view held that disposable processing will not have fully arrived or been industrialized until single-use equipment becomes widely available for end-to-end unit operations industry-wide and across production scales.
Defining industrialization solely in terms of end-to-end disposability also neglects the evolution of bioprocessing itself. Scale notwithstanding, end-users employ disposables when it makes economic sense. "They're already doing it wherever possible, which sometimes is every process step," Sellick explained.
An industry study cited by Justin Hutchinson, associate director of product management for Thermo Fisher Scientific's cell culture and bioprocessing business, estimates that more than 40% of integrated single-use systems are now used in GMP manufacturing.
Working volumes for integrated single-use bioprocess containers, systems, and support equipment have steadily risen from sub-1,000-L levels (50–500 L) to the 2,000 L range, with prototypes exceeding 5,000 L for some applications. At first the upper limits were defined by engineering limitations such as mixing, manufacturability, disposal, and supporting the massive weights of very large bags. Most of those concerns have been addressed, particularly with mixing.
Now many experts agree that single-use equipment will eventually dominate bioprocessing up to around the 2,500–3,000 liter scale; above that, companies will begin to implement continuous processing, which is still in its very earliest stages for pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, or closer-term by running several batches side-by-side.
Besides, the issue of size is fading for disposable bioreactors. "When people say monoclonal antibody, they automatically think very large-scale, multiple 10,000 liter bioreactors," said Sellick. Yet this is a fallacy, as few new 10 kL mAb processes are in the works.
Sellick admited, however, that large-scale chromatography has been difficult to achieve in disposable format at levels that are economical. The culprit is primarily the cost of resins, particularly for the capture step in monoclonal antibody production. Developers point to work-arounds to protein A such as resins bearing synthetic IgG binding ligands or recombinant protein A binding domains, mixed mode, and cationic exchange as technologies that might tip the scale of economy in favor of single-use or, at least, single-campaign usage.
That being said, the impact of scale on single-use chromatography economics is a fact of life. Several large biotech companies employ fully disposable processing, including chromatography, for smaller, mid-titer, clinical trial manufacturing processes, and companies like Repligen have made a nice business of single-use chromatography at very small scale.
Alternative capture technologies are exciting but their uptake will be slow since cost would need to fall by at least a factor of five before they become slam-dunk single-use decisions.
So it should come as no surprise that processors and vendors are sticking to more familiar separation modalities. Fred Mann, Ph.D., program manager for biopharm process solutions at EMD Millipore, said that industrialization of single use is ongoing, with most unit operations already available in disposable format and several vendors offering prepacked chromatography columns. The question is whether the various components can be assembled "as a package." Toward this end, top vendors have been working, along with biopharmaceutical clients, on integration strategies.
Many end-users that EMD Millipore works with are small and lack the process expertise required to scale up single-use manufacturing. "We can do a lot of the work of designing the process and scaling up from bench scale, and thereby save them time and effort," said Dr. Mann. EMD Millipore is also developing a set of scale-down tools and protocols to help its customers with single-use process development.
Standardization should allow customers to mix and match equipment from different vendors through universal connectors. Yet, often the materials of construction will differ between bags of different sizes, even when the materials are nominally identical. At least one major biopharmaceutical company has noted effects on cell growth due to materials (or methods) of construction.
But Will It Play in GMP Land?
Attridge believes that end-to-end disposable processing is already here, including for separations. Today's smaller batches, higher titers, and higher capacity resins are well suited to the use of single-campaign resins and columns. GE Healthcare's ÄKTA™ ready chromatography systems and ReadyToProcess columns, which were introduced several years ago, are designed for such applications.
A significant component of industrialization is standardization, which GE Healthcare has addressed with standardized, off-the-shelf assemblies for cell culture harvest and tangential flow filtration, disposable, aseptic, genderless, universal connectors, and nonproprietary films and materials of construction for its bags, connectors, and tubing.
Attridge believes that controls and sensors will become significant concerns in the industrialization of single-use bioprocessing. While supervisory and control systems are usually proprietary, their ability to communicate through industry-standard OPC clients will further drive industrialization.
In September 2011, GE Healthcare and Sartorius Stedim Biotech signed an agreement by which GE will sublicense patents held by the University of Maryland and spinoff Fluorometrix, to which Sartorius Stedim Biotech had enjoyed exclusive commercialization rights. This intellectual property covers bioreactors with at least two optical sensors for process monitoring. Similarly, GE Healthcare granted Sartorius Stedim Biotech sublicensing rights that it had with SciLog, which specializes in disposable sensors for bioprocessing.
One cannot mention GMPs without discussing validation as well, particularly for new technologies "There is less need today for validation or testing on the customer's end for single-use products," Hutchinson said. Increasingly, top-tier manufacturers are creating redundant, worldwide supply chains and facilities to maintain consistent, reliable supply for critical customer and partner processes.
Bill Hartzel, product manager for medication delivery solutions at Catalent Pharma Solutions noted that the progression of single-use bioprocessing, at least for CMOs, has been based on risk management and risk progression. "Single-use technologies are now beginning to take hold downstream." Hartzel noted that "some issues" remain with purification, and that faster, higher-titer upstream processing will continue to create downstream bottlenecks.
From the end-user side that means larger scales and GMP adoption beyond pilot and clinical scales, which forces suppliers to employ more mature technologies, more automation, and greater standardization of unit operations. Vendors face a great demand to evolve single-use along these lines, Priebe said, and to create the proper balance of flexibility and "platforming," while maintaining a strong supply chain and recognizing the uniqueness of every process.
But suppliers must also provide configurable or unique systems at the same quality level as standardized products, which requires extra effort from vendors. "It's easy to tell customers 'it's just a bag, put it together.'" Assemblies consisting of 20 bags, tubing, and connectors, however, must be prototyped for usage and packaging. "It becomes an R&D or engineer-to-order project," Priebe explained.
If judged by uptake, then single use is already fully industrialized. "The percentage of companies employing disposables is very, very high," Craig said. "There are already some approved products using disposables, and many in clinical stage." Furthermore, he noted that limiting the term "industrialization" to processes that employ disposables end-to-end is a mistake. Some unit operations are perfectly suited, he said, while others are not.
Over the last five years Thermo Fisher Scientific, has filled out its single-use BioProcess Container (BPC) bioreactor and mixer product lines to cover volumes from benchtop to 2,000 L. Its experience in expanding its product line is reminiscent of how disposable processing itself came into being. In the early days, HyClone, which Thermo Fisher acquired to enter the disposable bioprocessing business, shipped its preformulated media and buffers in flexible plastic containers.
According to Hutchinson, "Customers began thinking that they might use these BPCs in similar fashion to the containers we were using to ship media and process liquids for collecting downstream process fluids." Before long customers were commercially using "dry" BPCs for media storage and transport, and, finally, for cell culture.
Integration of single-use equipment has become a buzzword, but one that is quite useful for understanding evolving customer needs and how vendors can satisfy them. Thermo Fisher's systems integration initiatives are part of a more general trend toward greater functionality in single-use bags, particularly with respect to controls, automation, and single-use sensors. The industry is asking for these sensors to monitor and control parameters such as carbon dioxide levels, conductivity, temperature, and pressure as well as more common pH and dissolved oxygen.
Integrity™ 2-D BPVs, made with ATMI's universal Integrity TK8 film, are compatible with ATMI's single-use mixing and bioreactor technologies and are designed to form a sterile connection between two single-use bioprocess bags.
Mixing has been problematic for the single-use equipment industry. If a bioreactor or mixing vessel is to be truly disposable and sterile at all points of use, then that must include everything inside the bag. Disposable bioreactor manufacturers must watch for shear stress on cells while avoiding mechanisms that rub against plastic fluid contact surfaces and possibly release polymer shards or leachable chemicals.
PBS Biotech (www.pbsbiotech.com) employs U-shaped bioreactors that incorporate an Air-Wheel™, which spins and agitates cell cultures through the buoyancy of rising gas bubbles. As bubbles percolate through the culture they turn the Air-Wheel and avoid the need for external actuation. According to the company this results in rapid, homogeneous mixing and a high mass transfer rate with extremely low shear stress on cells.
"Gas is required for all bioreactors, so our bioreactor kills two birds with one stone," said Brian Lee, Ph.D., co-founder and CEO.
PBS offers scalability from three liters for lab work, and 80 liters for preclinical and clinical batches. In targeting full-scale GMP production, the company plans to produce a 500 L system later this year, and a 2,500 L bioreactor in 2012.
These volumes, which are fairly common these days, speak to where biomanufacturing is heading in the coming years.
PBS Biotech uses U-shaped bioreactors, which incorporate an Air-Wheel that spins and agitates cell cultures through the buoyancy of rising gas bubbles.


text:
The viral shunt  is a mechanism that prevents  marine microbial particulate organic matter (POM) from migrating up trophic levels by recycling them into dissolved organic matter (DOM), which can be readily taken up by microorganisms. The DOM recycled by the viral shunt pathway is comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM.

Viruses can easily infect microorganisms in the microbial loop due to their relative abundance compared to microbes. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic mortality contribute to carbon nutrient recycling through cell lysis. There is evidence as well of nitrogen (specifically ammonium) regeneration. This nutrient recycling helps stimulates microbial growth. As much as 25% of the primary production from phytoplankton in the global oceans may be recycled within the microbial loop through the viral shunt.

Discovery and impact

Viral shunt was first described in 1999 by Steven W. Wilhelm and Curtis A. Suttle. Their original paper has since been cited over 1000 times. For his contributions to understanding of viral roles in marine ecosystems, Suttle has received numerous awards, including being named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, receiving the A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in Marine Science, and the Timothy R. Parsons Medal for Excellence in Ocean Sciences from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.  Both Suttle and Wilhelm  have been elected Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology as well as the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).

The field of marine virology has rapidly expanded since the mid-1990s, coinciding with the first publication of viral shunt. During this time, further studies have established the existence of the viral shunt as a "fact" of the field. The recycling of nutrients in the viral shunt has indicated to scientists that viruses are a necessary component in new models of global change. Virologists in soil sciences have begun to investigate the application of viral shunt to explain nutrient recycling in terrestrial systems.  More recently, new theories concerning the potential role of viruses in carbon export - grouped under the idea of the "viral shuttle" have emerged. While perhaps at odds on the surface, these theories are not mutually exclusive.

Bacterial growth efficiency
There is evidence to suggest that the viral shunt system can directly control bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) in pelagic regions. Carbon flow models indicated that decreased BGE could be largely explained by the viral shunt, which caused the conversion of bacterial biomass to DOM. The biodiversity in these pelagic environments are so tightly coupled that the production of viruses depends on their bacterial host metabolisms, so any factors that limit bacterial growth also limit viral growth.

Enrichment of nitrogen has been observed to allow for an increase in viral production (up to 3-fold) but not bacterial biomass.  Through the viral shunt a high viral-induced mortality relative to bacterial growth resulted in the effective generation of DOC/DOM that is available for microbial re-consumption and offers an effective way to recycle key nutrients within the microbial food web.

Data extracted from other aquatic regions such as the Western-North Pacific displayed large variability, which may be a result of methodologies and environmental conditions. Nonetheless, a common trend appeared to be a reduced BGE with an increasing viral shunt pathway. From carbon flow models it is clear that viral shunting allows bacterial biomass to be converted to DOC/DOM that are ultimately recycled such that the bacteria may consume the DOC/DOM, indicating that the viral shunt pathway is a major regulator of BGE in marine pelagic waters.

Links to microbial processes

Microbial loop
The microbial loop acts as a pathway and connection between different relationships in an ecosystem. The microbial loop connects the pool of DOM to the rest of the food web, specifically various microorganisms in the water column. This allows for constant cycling of this dissolved organic matter. Stratification of the water column due to the pycnocline affects the amount of dissolved carbon in the upper mixing layer, and the mechanisms shows seasonal variation.

The microbial loop is based on micro-interactions between different trophic levels of microbes and organisms. When nutrients enter the microbial loop, they tend to remain in the photic zone longer, due to the location, and slow sinking rates of microbes. Eventually, through varying processes, DOM, through use of available nutrients, is produced by phytoplankton, as well as consumed by bacteria. Bacteria utilize this DOM, yet are then preyed on by larger microbes, such as microflagellates, which helps to regenerate nutrients.

Viruses tend to outnumber bacterial abundance by about ten times and phytoplankton by about a hundred times in the upper mixing layer and bacterial abundance tends to decrease with depth, while phytoplankton remain closer to shallow depths. The effects of the viral shunt are more pronounced in the upper mixing layer. Viruses found can be non-specific (broad host range), abundant, and can infect all forms of microbes. Viruses are a magnitude higher in abundance in almost all aquatic locations compared to their microbial hosts, allowing high rates/levels of microbial infection.

The impact of the viral shunt varies seasonally as many microbes show seasonal abundance maximums in temperate and oligotrophic waters during different times of the year, meaning viral abundance also varies with season.

Biological pump
The viral shunt may result in increased respiration from the system. It also helps export carbon through the biological pump. This is a very significant process as approximately 3 gigatonnes of carbon may be sequestered per year due to lysed and virus-infected cells having faster sinking rates. The biological pump has an important role at sequestering carbon to the benthic zone, thereby impacting global carbon cycles, budget, and even affecting temperature. Crucial nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, cellular components, such as amino acids and nucleic acids, would be sequestered through the biological pump in the event of cells sinking. Viral shunting helps increase the efficiency of the biological pump by mostly altering the proportion of carbon that is exported to deep water (such as the recalcitrant carbon-rich cell walls from virally lysed bacteria) in a process called the Shunt and Pump. This allows the crucial nutrients to be retained in the surface waters. Concurrently, a more efficient biological pump also results in an increase in nutrient influx towards the surface, which is beneficial to primary production, especially in more oligotrophic region. Despite viruses being in the smallest scales of biology, the viral shunt pathway has a profound effect on food webs across marine environments as well as on a more macro scale on the global carbon budget.

Recycling of nutrients

Carbon cycling
Viral shunt influences carbon cycling in marine environments by infecting microbes and redirecting the type of organic matter that enters the carbon pool. Phototrophs constitute a large population of primary production in marine environments and are responsible for a large flux of carbon entering the carbon cycle in marine environments. However, bacteria, zooplankton and phytoplankton, (and other free-floating organisms) also contribute to the global marine carbon cycle. When these organisms eventually die and decompose, their organic matter either enters the pool of particulate organic matter (POM) or dissolved organic matter (DOM). Much of the POM generated is composed of carbon-rich complex structures that is unable to be decomposed effectively by most prokaryotes and archaea in the oceans. Export of carbon-rich POM from the upper surface layer to deep oceans causes increased efficiency of the biological pump due to a higher carbon-to-nutrient ratio.

DOM is smaller and tends to stay mixed within the euphotic zone of the water column. The labile DOM is easier for microbes to digest and recycle, allowing incorporation of carbon into biomass.  As microbial biomass increases due to the incorporation of DOM, most microbial populations such as heterotrophic bacteria will be preyed on by organisms at higher trophic levels such as grazers or zooplankton. However, about 20 to 40 percent of the bacterial biomass (with similar and relative amounts of eukaryotes) will become infected by viruses. The effect of this energy flow results is less carbon entering higher trophic levels and a significant portion being respired and cycled between the microbes in the water column.

Based on this mechanism, as more carbon enters the DOM pool, most of the matter is used for increasing microbial biomass. When the viral shunt kills a portion of these microbes, it decreases the amount of carbon that gets transferred to higher trophic levels by converting it back to DOM and POM. Most of the generated POM is recalcitrant and will eventually make it down to the deep oceans where it accumulates. The resulting DOM that re-enters the DOM pool to be used by phototrophs and heterotrophs is less than the amount of DOM that originally entered the DOM pool. This phenomenon is due to the unlikeliness of organic matter being 100% DOM after a viral lytic infection.

Nitrogen cycling

Nitrogen cycle
Viral shunt is a big component to the cycling of nitrogen in marine environments. Nitrogen gas from the atmosphere gets dissolved into surface of the water. Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, such as Trichodesmium and Anabaena, convert the nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) for microbes to use. The process of converting nitrogen gas  to ammonia (and related nitrogen compounds) is called nitrogen fixation. The process of uptake of ammonium  by microbes to be used in protein synthesis is called nitrogen assimilation. The viral shunt causes mass death of heterotrophic bacteria. The decomposition of these microbes releases particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), which either stay in the upper mixing layer or sink to the deeper parts of the ocean. In the deep ocean, PON and DON are converted back into ammonium by remineralisation. This ammonium can be used by deep ocean microbes, or undergo nitrification and be oxidized into nitrites and nitrates. The sequence of nitrification is:

NH4+ → NO2− → NO3−

Dissolved nitrates can be consumed by microbes to become re-assimilated, or revert in nitrogen gas by denitrification. The resultant nitrogen gas can then be fixed back into ammonium for assimilation or exit the ocean reservoir and back into atmosphere.

Ammonium regeneration
Viral shunt is also able to increase ammonium production. The basis for this claim is based on fluctuating carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N in atoms) ratios caused by the viral shunt. Susceptible microorganisms such as bacteria in the water column are more likely to be infected and killed off by viruses, releasing DOM and nutrients containing carbon and nitrogen (about 4C:1N). The remaining microbes that are still alive are assumed to be resistant to that viral infection episode. The DOM and nutrients generated from the death and lysis of susceptible microorganisms are available for uptake by virus-resistant eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The resistant-bacteria uptakes and utilizes the DOC, regenerate ammonium, thereby lowering the C:N ratio.  When C:N ratios decrease, ammonium (NH4+) regeneration increases. The bacteria begin converting the dissolved nitrogen into ammonium, which can be used by phytoplankton for growth and biological production. As phytoplankton use up the ammonium (and subsequently limited by nitrogen-species), the C:N ratio begins increasing again and NH4+ regeneration slows down. The phytoplankton also shows enhanced growth rates due to uptake of ammonium. The viral shunt is continuously causing changes to the C:N ratio, affecting the composition and presence of nutrients at any given time.

Iron cycling
A significant fraction of the world's oceans are iron limited, thus the regeneration of iron-nutrients is an important process that is needed for sustaining an ecosystem in this environment. Viral infection of microorganisms (mostly heterotrophs and cyanobacteria) is hypothesized to be an important process in the maintenance of high-nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) marine environments. The viral shunt plays a key role in releasing assimilated iron back into the microbial loop which helps sustain primary productivity in these ecosystems. Dissolved iron usually binds with organic matter to form an organic-iron complex that enhances bioavailability of this nutrient to plankton. Some species of bacteria and diatoms are capable of high uptake rates of these organic-iron complexes. Continued viral activity by the viral shunt helps sustain growing ecosystems in iron-limited HNLC regions.

Effect on the marine food web
Viral shunt increases the supply of organic and inorganic nutrients to the pelagic food web. These nutrients increase growth rates of picophytoeukaryotes, particularly in multivore systems. Crucial nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and DOM found within cells are lysed by the viral shunt pathway, and these nutrients remain within the microbial food web. Naturally, this prevents the export of biomass such as POM to higher trophic levels directly, by diverting the flow of carbon and nutrients from all microbial cells into a DOM pool, recycled and ready for uptake.

Viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria known as cyanophages (found in surface waters) directly affects the marine food web by "short-circuiting" the amount of organic carbon that is transferred to higher trophic levels. These nutrients are made available for uptake by heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton alike.

The most common nutrient limiting primary productivity in marine waters is nitrogen, and others such as iron, silica, and vitamin B12 have also been discovered to limit growth rate of specific species and taxa. Studies have also identified that heterotrophic bacteria are commonly limited by organic carbon, however some nutrients that limit growth may not limit in other environments and systems. Therefore, viral lysis of these nutrients will have different effects on microbial food webs found in different ecosystems. Another important point to note (on a smaller scale) is that cells contain different fractions of nutrients and cellular components;  this will result in different bioavailability of certain nutrients in the microbial food web.

Important organisms
There are many different microbes present in aquatic communities. Phytoplankton, specifically Picoplankton, are the most important organism in this microbial loop. They provide a foundation as primary producers; they are responsible for the majority of primary production in the ocean and around 50% of primary production of the entire planet.

Generally, marine microbes are useful in the microbial loop due to their physical characteristics. They are small, and have high surface area to biomass ratios, allowing for high rates of uptake, even in low concentrations of nutrients. The microbial loop is considered a sink for nutrients such as carbon. Their small size allows for more efficient cycling of nutrients and organic matter compared to larger organisms. Additionally, microbes tend to be pelagic, floating freely in photic surface waters, before sinking down to deeper layers of the ocean. The microbial food web is important because it is the direct target of the viral shunt pathway and all subsequent effects are based on how the viruses affect their microbial hosts. Infection of these microbes through lysis or latent infection have a direct impact of the nutrients recycled, availability, and export within the microbial loop, which can have resonating effects throughout the trophic levels.

Shallow water hydrothermal vents
Shallow water hydrothermal vents found in the Mediterranean Sea contain a diverse and abundant microbial community known as "hotspots". These communities also contain temperate viruses. An increase in these viruses can cause large mortality of vent microbes, thereby reducing chemoautotrophic carbon production, while at the same time enhancing the metabolism of heterotrophs through recycling of DOC. These results indicate a tight coupling of viruses and primary/secondary production found in these hydrothermal vent communities, as well as having a major effect on the food web energy transfer efficiency to higher trophic levels.

See also
 Marine bacteriophages

References

Further reading
 Dr. Curtis Suttle's lab website
 Dr. Steven Wilhelm's lab website
 "An Ocean Of Viruses" in The Scientist

Bacteriophages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The CFO's Role in Navigating the Downturn Richard Dobbs, Massimo Giordano and Felix Wenger Aglobal downturn might appear to give companies with sufficient resources an unprecedented opportunity to buy assets or acquire market share on attractive terms. Indeed, many nonfinancial companies seem well positioned to do so, having entered the present crisis with stronger balance sheets than they had in past recessions, when businesses that followed countercyclical patterns of cash utilisation and spending fared much better than those with purely defensive strategies. CFOs will need to replace traditional approaches to budgeting and planning with a more aggressive one underpinned by a re-examination of earlier assumptions about earnings and growth and about how deep the downturn will be.
Companies—and their CFOs—may have to adapt more radically to the downturn than they now expect.
A global downturn might appear to give companies with sufficient resources an unprecedented opportunity to buy assets or acquire market share on attractive terms. Indeed, many nonfinancial companies seem well positioned to do so, having entered the present crisis with stronger balance sheets than they had in past recessions, when businesses that followed countercyclical patterns of cash utilisation and spending fared much better than those with purely defensive strategies.
Yet this crisis shows signs of being the most dire and unpredictable one since the Great Depression. At the end of 2008, most national economies were experiencing the sharpest fall in consumer and business confidence in 20 years. After an unprecedented five-to ten-year boom, commodities have experienced their steepest decline since 1945. Experts expect several quarters of negative growth and substantially higher unemployment rates. Indeed, for many companies, survival is not a certainty. What's more, the broader forces at work in the global economy mean that the underlying economics of strategies could continue to shift with unprecedented speed and scale. Such extreme uncertainty demands constant attention, frequent changes in priorities, and strategies that anticipate and respond to a changing landscape.
Against this backdrop, the role of the chief financial officer takes on critical importance. CFOs must use their deep understanding of financials and liquidity to understand how volatile prices and demand will affect the performance of their companies, both to manage potentially lethal threats and to ensure the availability of the financial resources required for countercyclical investments. Most CFOs will need to replace traditional approaches to budgeting and planning with a more aggressive one underpinned by a re-examination of earlier assumptions about earnings and growth and about how deep the downturn will be.
A surprisingly high proportion of companies are still implicitly building their budgets and investment plans on the assumption that they will return rapidly to top-of-the-cycle performance. Many CFOs will need to challenge such optimistic assumptions by asking a few uncomfortable questions.
Many executives still have unrealistic expectations about future growth and margins. In general, nonfinancial corporations performed very strongly heading into 2008, having enjoyed much higher profits and return on capital in 2006 and 2007 than at any time in the past 40 years.3 Return on equity, for example, reached 18% in 2007, compared with its 40-year average of 13%. US earnings reached 6% of GDP in 2007, compared with a 40-year average of 3%. While some reversion to the mean is underway, in 2008 performance is still likely to beat the 40-year trend.
Projecting what will be normal performance after the end of the present downturn requires careful consideration of an industry's cyclicality and microeconomics. CFOs will need to supplement recent averages with an analysis of the structural changes likely to persist beyond the recession. Growth in demand for many natural resources, for instance, could well be structural, and supply capacity is short in the medium term. All this implies that investments in natural resources might be sound. Other industries, such as finance, may be undergoing long-run structural shifts, possibly returning to the levels of profitability and industry scale that prevailed 10 years ago.


text:
Deputies catch Woodstock bank robbery suspect
Angel K. Brooks, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
The suspect in a Woodstock bank robbery was apprehended by Cherokee County Sheriff's deputies shortly after the crime, police said.
Chase Lovell Gates, 27, of Acworth, was to be questioned by Woodstock investigators before being transported to the Cherokee County Adult Detention Center later Tuesday.
Woodstock police responded to the robbery at Cherokee Bank in the 100 block of Woodstock Square Avenue around 11:45 a.m..
Employees told investigators that a man entered the bank and demanded money from a teller, who handed him an undisclosed amount of cash. The suspect then left on foot. He went to the nearby Kohl's parking lot, dropped the cash and got into a Ford sedan, police said. Witnesses gave officers a picture of the vehicle and part of the tag number.
Cherokee deputies caught Gates in Acworth off of Kellogg Creek Road not long after a bulletin was sent to local law enforcement, police said.


With its 700hp V12, the Aventador defies logic with speeds one would never think possible. It must be driven to appreciate its nearly limitless boundaries.
Satisfying America's longing for a true American production Supercar. GM swings for the fences and produces the home run America has been waiting for.
Ferrari's 430 Scuderia is a faster, lighter, and more compelling version of the normal road going F430. Among street legal cars, the Scuderia sets the mark!
With 550hp, front/rear independent double wishbone suspension, rear wheel drive, and E-gear transmission. The LP550 is a hands on driver's dream.
For a true race experience you have to drive a true race car, the F430GT is bred for the track and outclasses all of our supercars in every aspect.
Our Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 is right out of the Super Trofeo Race Series. With its superb handling and power, this race car is a must drive.
With over 2,300 Cup Cars built by Porsche since the car's introduction in 1993, our Porsche GT Race Car proves that Porsche is as serious about sports car racing as it ever was.
Dream Racing is the new five-star driving experience at Las Vegas Motor Speedway and the only one where you can get behind the wheel of a real Ferrari race car. Fast, Italian, exhilarating. An all inclusive experience that shows you what it means to be a race car driver. No matter which package you choose, we promise to deliver you a once in a lifetime experience. Don't miss this unique opportunity.
The racing experience starts by suiting up in a professional race suit and helmet. Then learn the curves in a state-of-the-art simulator session where the Las Vegas racetrack has been laser scanned to exact specifications. Nowhere else in the world will you find such a driving experience. We knew this experience could only take place on a real track with a real racing car. The real challenge was to develop an experience, from beginning to end, that was complementary to the Ferrari lifestyle and synonymous with its name. After having hosted multiple corporate events and team building activities we can confidently say that this goal has been achieved.
A: Not at all. Whether you choose our racing Ferraris or one of our street legal cars, all are equipped with a no-clutch paddle shift and feature racing ABS and traction control.
The racing cars, because they are built and set-up for the track, are more responsive and predictable. You will have a dedicated instructor assisting you from the simulator session to the track. He'll be there to make your experience as enjoyable as possible, encouraging you to get the maximum out of the racing car but will never push you beyond your comfort level. You determine the speed inside the car.
A: Yes, insurance is included in every Dream Racing package. You will be asked, however, to sign a waiver upon arrival. Click here to see the waivers you will be asked to sign.
A: The time to complete the race car experiences up to 7 laps and 1 driving session is approximately 2 hours.
If you are using our complimentary transportation (available only for race car experiences) add about an hour for the round trip from and to the City Center.
The Hot Laps Experience, which doesn't include transportation service, is completed in less than 30 minutes.
A: The first lap is the one exiting the pits. When the car passes the first time on the straightaway, in front the pit lane, it will begin its second lap.
A: Dream Racing™'s call center is open 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. PST seven days a week. Feel free to contact us by phone (702) 605-3000, or by email info@dreamracing.com.
A: Lunch is not provided. However, Dream Racing™ does have a lounge where small snacks and beverages are available.
A: You will not have to pay for the car's damages if you are involved in a wreck. All insurance is included in the package prices.
A: Yes. If during your driving experience you come up on a slower car, your instructor will guide you through passing the slower car.
A: The experience is very intense. Imagine a Bungee jump that lasts for minutes! Also, if you're passionate about racing, you know how much work pro race car drivers can put in for sometimes just one qualifying lap. The experience starts with your classroom training session and includes the simulator session. The laps on track, in the racing Ferrari, are the highlight of your experience, but certainly not the entire experience which takes much longer.
A: Time on the track is based on the package you select. The driving time will be approximately 6 to 9 minutes to complete 5 laps. Please note that your total driving time will depend on your ability as well as the speed you are comfortable driving at.
A: No. The only passenger allowed in the race car is your professional instructor who will be with you throughout the driving portion of your experience.
A: Of course! You are welcome to bring three (3) guests with you.
A: We recommend that you wear comfortable clothes. You are required to wear closed-toed shoes in order to drive. We recommend your favorite pair of sneakers. Racing shoes and gloves are included in our Dream Racing Ultimate and Full Throttle Experiences and are otherwise available to purchase in our gift shop prior to your experience.
A: No, the Hot Laps experience does not include classroom training and simulator session but will give you access to the Dream Racing™ Lounge, with refreshment bar. During your Hot Lap driving experience you will however be required to wear the helmet with intercom for optimal communication with the instructor driving the car.
A: Once you arrive at the race track you will be taken to the Registration Desk to complete the remaining paperwork for your experience.
A: Yes, if you choose any of our experiences, complimentary round trip transportation is provided for you and one additional guest from Crystals at CityCenter to the Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
A: Your experience will take place on the 1.2 mile road course located in the infield of the Las Vegas Motor Speedway, surrounded by the world famous superspeedway.
A: Yes. The Las Vegas Motor Speedway is the only place in the world offering the Dream Racing™ Experience.
If you choose one of our "Street Car Experiences" you will choose between our selection of exotic cars such as Porsche Carrera S, McLaren MP4-12c, Lamborghini Gallardo Superleggera, Ferrari 458 Italia, Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano, Nissan GTR, Lamborghini Huracán, Porsche 911 GT3, Lamborghini LP550-2, Ferrari 430 Scuderia, Porsche Cayman GTS, Lamborghini Aventador, Mercedes SLS AMG, Corvette C7 Stingray, and the Audi V10 R8.
A: With 5-star amenities, professional driving instructors, 3-D simulators, precision tuned racing F430 GT Ferraris, and the largest fleet of exotic cars in the world, Dream Racing™ provides a unique driving experience that, for quality and value, can't be found anywhere else in the world.
A: If you are using Dream Racing™'s complimentary transportation you will have to wait for the next available transport, or find another mode of transportation to get to the race track. Should this or something else cause you to you miss the start of your experience at the race track (i.e. theclassroom or simulator) you will have to wait for the next session to start, and join them.
A: Dream Racing™ is open even in the rain. Our cars will be equipped with racing rain tires.


Isn't mason about 38 miles from dayton?
Yes, and it is still too far of a commute. The Heritage Country Club in Mason may have the prestige someone is looking for, but Dublin is still better. The point many of us are trying to make is Live Life Simply. There is no reason to make it more complicated than it need be. You have not specifically mentioned children, but if they are in the mix at least give them some time with their parents. If you are hung up with some type of upscale living, buy a house in Indian Hill, take I-71 north to Mason, Tylersville Rd across to I-75, and then north to your job. This should be about a 1hr commute. We are probably way off track, but what led us here?
lol...I like your persistence. It isn't about upscale living, it's about hapiness really. My wife won't be happy in Dayton. I guarantee it. Cincy has a better shot at pleasing her IMO. We'll see what happens next week. Hopefully everything falls into place.
Nobody here wants you and your wife NOT to enjoy or be a part of Cincinnati--it's a wonderful city in so many ways! However, none of us want to be reading about you in the paper because you've become a statistic during an infrequent winter ice storm out there on I-75. As for myself, I wish that you could chuck the Dayton job altogether and find something comparable here in this city--but I realize that choice probably isn't a realistic option for you. Obviously, the choice your family is about to make will be a difficult and critical one. Good luck!
Hey, Folks, maybe she's not a Democrat.
My wife won't be happy in Dayton.
Oh, don't worry. There are Skyline Chili locations in Dayton, too.
I've heard similar remarks from other people relocating to jobs in Dayton. They either want to live in Cincinnati or Columbus and commute the (relatively) long distances between those cities and Dayton. You would be surprised after visiting how many people change their minds. At least the drive between Cincinnati and Dayton is more interesting than the one between Dayton and Columbus.
There is a reason I-75 is constantly being widened, and it is because the existing roads cannot or did not keep up with the rapid development of Warren and Butler Counties. Same could be said for the side and back roads.
A good compromise here between work and Cincy would be Springboro. It still would not be the best commute because I-75 widening through downtown Dayton is projected to take another 2-3 years. That is the source for a number of backups and accidents going into and through downtown Dayton. Still, Springboro puts you that much closer to the amenities that Cincy has to offer.
At least the drive between Cincinnati and Dayton is more interesting than the one between Dayton and Columbus.
Yeah. As in the Chinese curse "May you live in interesting times."
wrightflyer... Springboro is a very nice place indeed, but it is still on the south side of Dayton and as most of us know I-75 in downtown Dayton has been a disaster since it was first built. Whether they will fix it this time around is anybody's guess.
The OP says his wife will not like Dayton, but it sounds like neither one of them have been there before so let's see what happens when they visit. Anyone coming from Dallas must have a warped view of life to begin with. One thing they should quickly notice is we actually have some green around here and real trees.
(4) Realize that the heart of Cincinnati isn't in its northern periphery, but in its river core communities, which aren't so easily accessible from Dayton on a routine, daily basis.
(1) Even taking into consideration you meant posts #12 and #17, I'd like to ask you why you're paying more attention to what other people have said as opposed to what the OP has said. That's a problem with these boards...everyone wants to dictate to the OP (ANY OP when they start a thread) what is acceptable and what isn't, but as usual most of you are ignoring what the OP has indicated they are interested in and willing to accept. Instead you're trying to tell them what they SHOULD want - as if you all know him better than he knows himself. Why not for once....just ONCE on these boards...stop trying to insert your own ideas about what he would like and pay attention to what he has already stated he would want and is willing to accept?
(2) Who are you, or any of us, to dictate to him that he must accept what is acceptable here? If he's willing to make a 45-minute commute to Dayton, isn't that his right? Shouldn't we all be considerate of what he has already stated he wants in his posts, and go with that instead of molding him to our own ideas of what life should be like for him? Sheesh!
(3) A valid, though minor, concern. I understand he stated in the OP that he wanted to know how feasible the commute was between Dayton and Cincinnati, but if we consider the relatively few winter storms that hit to be the sole basis for making a decision about where to live in the region, then we'd all be living and working in downtown Dayton or downtown Cincinnati, where we could walk. How likely is THAT going to happen?
(4) You're assuming he's more interested in living in one of the core Cincinnati neighborhoods.
That commute would get old right quick. Why kill yourself if you don't have to?
ANY commute can get old really quick. My point is that a 45-minute commute would be shorter than the 1-hour commute the OP is familiar with from Dallas. And besides, have you been to Dallas? Have you driven in Dallas? I have. ANY commute in the SW Ohio area is going to be a piece of cake comparatively speaking.
All this squabble about 45 minutes commute. I once lived and worked in Nothern Virginia right by DC, My wife and I drove 42 miles each way. We did that for about 2 years, and it wasn't ridiculous. But thanks for the advice. I should be over there sometime next week, so we'll see.
Sorry...you shouldn't have to be subjected to this. Squabbling seems to be the most popular form of interaction here at the CD Ohio boards, and it's because everyone is too interested in promoting their own particular neighborhood instead of considering what the OP wants. If you don't tow the line here and agree with what someone in Cincinnati says, you're subject to scorn and ridicule from those who think Cincinnati is the end all/be all of American cities.
If they do not come up to your expectations, then consider Dublin on the west side of Columbus. That should be within your 42 mile commute zone.
Hardly! Dublin is on the north side of Columbus, and much farther away from Needmore Road in Dayton than anything in northern Cincinnati....unless you consider 70 miles to be closer.
Those of you who think the OP would hate the I-75 commute during a winter storm (which, if I might add, isn't a frequent event)...try the I-70 commute after one of Ohio's ice storms which hits that corridor much more often than along I-75 south of Dayton.
Anyone coming from Dallas must have a warped view of life to begin with. One thing they should quickly notice is we actually have some green around here and real trees.
Wow. What an insulting comment. And obviously spoken like someone who has never been to Dallas. The people in Dallas are a very gracious people, and have a very down-to-earth, friendly, accepting view of life. And the trees down there are very nice. Despite the long drought that Texas is enduring, I saw a LOT of lush green and very REAL and very BEAUTIFUL trees down there on my visit last month.
Yours, kjbrill, is the kind of comment that smacks of the snobbishness so inherent in most Cincinnatians who think no other place on earth can compare to here. That is SO wrong, and you really need to get away from here more often. SERIOUSLY.


text:
Howard Hodgkin, Portrait of the Artist
North India, Rajasthan, Mewar
KRISHNA RIDING ON A COMPOSITE CAMEL
LOT SOLD.	3,750 GBP
24 October 2017 | 10:00 AM BST
Isabel Paulus
Auction sale enquiries
isabel.paulus@sothebys.com
Kate Eskdale
kate.eskdale@sothebys.com
opaque pigments on paper, framed
leaf: 29.8 by 24.5cm. 11 3/4 by 9 5/8 in. painting: 25 by 21cm. 9 7/8 by 8 1/4 in.
This fantastical camel relates to other composite animal paintings produced in India during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. These studies are derived from a Mughal and Deccani prototype whose origins are found in earlier Persian miniature painting. The symbolic significance of this genre has still not been determined.
What is interesting about this example is the inclusion of bears within the composition, a feature most commonly associated with composite animal paintings produced in the Punjab Hills. For a further discussion of this group see Seyller 2011, p.64.
Other composite camels from Rajasthan are found in the Catherine Glynn Collection and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (Verma 1999, pp.71-75, figs.2&7). In these examples and the present lot, musicians are included within the composition. In the current painting the composite imagery is combined with Krishna iconography, with the god depicted seated atop the camel within a lotus flower flanked by peacocks. Del Bonta, in his article on Mughal composite animal painting, identifies Krishna and Kama as often being the riders of composite animals from the Hindu tradition (Verma 1999, p.69)
Estimate 3,000 — 4,000
In generally good conditions, creases and stains, tears to the borders, as viewed.


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'Siberia is a home to the cultures of indigenes, including people whose ancestors migrated to the Americas'
A.J. Haywood
The remarkable church that has somehow withstood three centuries of turmoil
Spaso-Zashiverskaya has survived wars, permafrost, and a smallpox outbreak that wiped out its congregation.
Space is closer than you think
Mikhail Kokorich is a man who can, quite literally, say he is reaching for the stars.
Give us Space
Novosibirsk: the Chicago of Siberia, that once housed some of planet's most valuable treasures
Love me - love my fox, tamed and trained
These remarkable pictures show how young Siberian scientist Irina Mukhamedshina, 22, has trained a fox to be as obedient as a dog.
Whether you're here for work, or a quick respite from crossing Siberia by train, Novosibirsk has a wide selection of places to eat, drink and relax.
At the top end, in Akademgorodok, some half an hour drive south from the city centre is one of Siberia's finest restaurants, TBK Lounge. We also like the feeling of La Maison restaurant, conveniently situated in the very centre of Novosibirsk, at Sovetskaya street, with a nice romantic story behind the 1908 building, which the English-speaking staff would be glad to share with you.
Almost all city's restaurants, cafes and pubs would now offer set business lunches; the times may vary, but you should be ok sometime between 12 noon and 3 pm. The average bill for one is about 600 roubles, ($20, €15).
Some restaurants will still put the service charge on their bills, which can be anything from 7 to 10 per cent (should be indicated in the bill); there is a tradition of leaving a tip, which usually is a maximum of 10 per cent.
The opening hours are best double checked against the restaurants websites, but normally the cafes and restaurants are open at least until midnight, with no gap in the middle of the day; the free wifi is becoming more and more the part of the service — as it should be.
Please note that the majority of Russian restaurants still allow for indoor smoking.
We will keep updating Where To Eat listings for all Siberian cities. You are welcome to join in developing this part of the website, or to send your feedback on info@siberiantimes.com
One more thing: we don't charge the restaurants, cafes and pubs for appearing here.
For advertising in Where To Eat email advertise@siberiantimes.com
New study shows Siberians kept pet dogs 33,000 years ago
DNA of a fossil tooth found in the Altai Mountains shows early man and his best friend were together 19,000 years earlier than previously understood.
World's largest 'explosion' could have been caused by iron asteroid entering and leaving atmosphere
Scientists give startling theory for 1908 Tunguska Event in Siberia which had force of 185 Hiroshima bombs.
Could this Siberian invention combat future forest infernos?
Ideas are clearly needed for more effective ways of countering the annual wildfire scourge, as the trend remains towards drier and hotter summers.


Why wait years to discover some of the CUCM dial plan best practices through trial and error when you can learn them right now? In this Nugget, Jeremy talks through simple and salable methods you can use to design Partitions and CSSs the right way from the onset.
Partition: BLOCKED – 9.1900!, 9.1978!, 9.011!
Partition PSTN – 9.[2-9]XXXXXX, etc….
A CSS can be assigned to a LINE and a DEVICE, creating one big CSS. LINE is checked 1st then down to the DEVICE.
Apply BLOCKED CSS to the LINE itself, then PSTN access on the DEVICE. Similar concept to an access list!
Create your CSS based on calling privileges, not individuals. Then assign the appropriate CSS to each set of lines + phones.
Jeremy recommends a book called 'Cisco CallManager Best Practices'.


We have a stunning vintage 1930s French scarf on our Etsy shop – just listed! Yes, there are marks and some signs of age but she's a fabulous piece! Pop over to Etsy via the link below and take a look at her. There are some lyrics which we've dated to songs from 1936, 1937 and 1938!
We will be closing at 4pm on Sunday 23rd December to await the sound of reindeer hooves….
We will re-open on Tuesday 8th January but, in the meantime, if you have any queries or need that special vintage treasure before the 8th, please just email me on karen@stardustyears.com and I'll do my very best to help you.
Thank you so much to all our lovely customers and friends for their support through another year. It's so heart-warming to know that, on Christmas morning, there will be vintage treasures waiting to be opened – and we've played a tiny part in getting them there. Thank you so much for making us part of your Christmas, and for being part of ours.


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Q: What is LNK2001 unresolved external symbol __imp___strdup? I am moving a class from one project to another in Visual Studio 2015 and this is the error that I get. I cannot find any other examples of this specific error.

A: __imp_ is __declspec(dllimport), and the next underscore indicates that the function is extern "C" and __cdecl, leaving _strdup as the function name.  Therefore, going by the MSDN documentation linked in the comments, the symbol __imp___strdup is:
extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) char* __cdecl _strdup(const char* strSource);

This function requires the header <string.h>
It would appear that the project you moved your class into doesn't use one of the MS libraries that contains the function, for some reason.  That's my guess, at least.  Try checking each project's properties and seeing if they use the same .lib files?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
This news
HONDA X-ADV MJ 21
Honda's X-ADV crossover bike gets a comprehensive update:
Photos: Honda
More power for the engine plus an extended speed band and a revised gear ratio. In addition, there is finally Throttle By Wire Management including 4 standard driving modes as well as a refined Honda Selectable Torque Control and all this while maintaining fuel efficiency. The newly designed frame bears the newly designed cladding and new bench, which guarantees significantly improved floor accessibility. The slot has grown in size and offers an integrated USB charging socket. There is also a glove compartment now. The LED double headlight is equipped with daytime running lights; a 5-inch TFT display allows you to pair a smartphone via the new Honda Smartphone Voice Control System.
In the case of motorcycles, innovative concepts rarely lead directly to the emergence of a new genus. But Honda is focused on innovation: in 2016, a groundbreaking concept was presented that comes from a very different direction – the X-ADV.
How did the idea for this motorcycle come about? The basis is the characteristics of an ordinary adventure bike: robustness, the upright sitting position with the excellent all-round view and the remarkable all-round capabilities. Add to this the needs of a typical commuter: presumably he uses a scooter, perhaps even a motorcycle, to reach his workplace; in any case, a means of transport that is easy to handle, that is manoeuvrable, has a lot of storage space and is yet comfortable and efficient. Honda's engineers have combined the two, and in sum, something new has emerged.
The redesigned vehicle has a robust yet elegant look, similar to that of an SUV that feels at home both in the city and away from the city. Although the X-ADV is equipped with all the premium features that make living in the big city comfortable, it has the look, engine power and chassis to awaken adventurousness every time you ride.
The X-ADV is the essence of freedom in an exciting new form and has attracted a lot of attention in Europe. It became a real bestseller. As proof of the x-ADV's off-road capability, Italian racer Renato Zocchi took part in the Gibraltar Rally in 2019 with a slightly modified version of the motorcycle. After 7,000 grueling kilometres, he achieved the overall victory in the class 2!
For the 2021 model year, the X-ADV will be upgraded with a whole series of updates. The engine performance is increased, the weight is reduced and the styling is adjusted. In addition, it is once again gaining in practicality. All this makes the new X-ADV even more unique and attractive.
An increase of 4 hp (3 kW) more peak power for the EURO5 engine of the X-ADV and an extended speed range by 600 rpm are probably the most important changes for the 2021 model. This is achieved by revising the valve control times and optimizing inlet/outlet efficiency. A shorter first, second and third gear transmission provides better acceleration, while a higher gear for the fourth, fifth and sixth gears allows for relaxed driving at higher speeds and efficient fuel consumption.
Throttle By Wire (TBW) comes with 4 standard driving modes that affect engine characteristics. You can choose from RAIN, STANDARD, GRAVEL and SPORT. In addition, there is an individually configurable USER mode. In addition, the X-ADV features the refined, now three-stage Honda Selectable Torque Control (HSTC). The dual-clutch transmission (DCT) with automatic switching patterns is linked to the driving modes.
A newly designed frame and detail improvements save 1 kg of weight. The x-ADV's cladding is sharper and more aggressively designed. The double LED headlight now lights up with daytime running lights (DRL), as with the CRF1100 Africa Twin.
To improve ground accessibility, the seat on the shoulders is recontoured. The storage space under the seat offers more volume and an integrated USB charging socket. Shifting the parking brake to the right side of the handlebars increases comfort and creates space for a useful glove compartment. The new TFT display features Honda's smartphone voice control system.
The 2021 X-ADV will be available in the following colors:
Grand Prix Red *NEW*
Matt Beta Silver Metallic
Pearl Mud Gray
1. Motor
Throttle By Wire and an additional 4 hp (3 kW); Peak power of 59 hp (43.1 kW) and 69 Nm of torque
Increased speed range by 600 rpm
more pull-through thanks to short gear ratio 1-3, improved fuel efficiency thanks to long gear ratio 4-6
EURO5 compliant, consumption only 3.6l/100 km
48 hp (35 kW) version available for holders of driving licence class A2
The design of the liquid-cooled SOHC-8-valve parallel twin motor of the X-ADV ensures a lot of power in the lower to medium speed range. Its relatively long-stroke architecture and specially shaped combustion chambers, in combination with the high-mass inertia crankshaft, produce a decent torque even at very low speeds. The forward tilt of the motor shifts the center of gravity downwards for optimal stability. In the course of the 2021 update, the engine has now become a total of 1.4 kg lighter.
Thanks to Throttle By Wire (TBW) and technical optimizations at the exhaust, the engine brings more power and turns up longer. The red speed range now only starts at 7,000 rpm. In addition to the increase in performance, the torque above 5,000 rpm remains stable for longer.
The peak power increases by 4 hp (3 kW) to 58 hp (43.1 kW) at 6,750 rpm, with a maximum torque of 69 Nm at 4,750 rpm. In parallel with the increase in performance, shorter gear ratios of the first, second and third gears improve acceleration from the standpoint. For a flying start at 30 km/h, the X-ADV requires 1.7s for 20m and 3.2s for 50m. The high-torque engine rotates at 60km/h at only 2,500rpm. The fourth, fifth and sixth gears are now a little longer. This improves fuel efficiency and makes the higher performance flexible.
Two balancing shafts counteract vibrations due to the higher speed inertia without compromising the typical "punching". This is due to the irregular ignition sequence of the engine with its crankshaft, which is crankhafted by 270°. Bore and stroke are 77 x 80 mm. Many components are designed to perform several tasks at the same time: the camshaft drives the water pump, while one of the balancing shafts drives the oil pump. The minimization of the moving engine parts makes the motor light, efficient and reliable.
The X-ADV consumes only 3.6 l/100 km (WMTC mode). For a fuel tank with a capacity of 13.2l, this corresponds to a potential range of 366 km.
The engine is now homologated for the EURO5 standard, which entered into force on 1 January 2020. Compared to the EURO4 standard, the exhaust gas regulations for engines have become significantly tightened. Requirements include a significant reduction in permitted carbon monoxide emissions, a reduction of more than 40% in total emissions of hydrocarbons, stricter detection of misfires and the introduction of a limit value for particulate matter.
2. Motor electronics
Throttle By Wire offers 4 standard driving modes; additionally individual adaptation by means of USER mode
Improved Honda Selectable Torque Control with 3 adjustable steps
Thanks to TBW, the X-ADV can be adjusted for the motor characteristics. The driver has 4 standard driving modes as well as an individually configurable user mode, which cover all driving conditions. The mode selection is made via the switch unit on the left side of the handlebars.
STANDARD offers a balanced average between engine power development, engine brake and HSTC intervention; the ABS regulates at the highest level.
SPORT means a sporty engine characteristic and engine brake with little intervention of the HSTC; ABS control at the highest level.
RAIN throttles on a low engine power development and engine brake; HSTC and ABS at the highest level.
GRAVEL offers high engine power development and engine brake with low HSTC and ABS intervention.
USER offers individual controls for engine power output and engine braking from low/medium/high between and low/medium/high/off for HSTC.
The Honda Selectable Torque Control (HSTC) now offers much softer, finer control, as it can control the torque emitted at the rear wheel via TBW. There are three levels to choose from, in contrast to the previous version with only 2 levels:
Level 1 allows the minimum intervention for a controlled rotation of the rear wheel, for example on gravel. The level of intervention has been reduced compared to the previous system.
Level 2 is the default setting and provides safe traction for most driving conditions.
Level 3 provides maximum control on slippery roads
The HSTC can also be switched off.
3. Dual-clutch transmission (DCT)
Different switching patterns depending on the selected driving mode
USER mode with 4 basic settings, from gentle to sporty
Honda's unique DCT technology is in its eleventh year of production. Since its launch, more than 140,000 DCT-equipped motorcycles have been sold in Europe. The dual-clutch transmission enables consistent, seamless gear changes up and down and unmatched driving comfort. The gearbox uses two couplings: one for starting and the first, third and fifth gear, the other for the second, fourth and sixth gears. The main shafts of the two couplings are interlocked in a space-saving manner to enable a compact design.
Each coupling is independently controlled by its own electrohydraulic circuit. When a gear change occurs, the system selects the target gear using the currently unused coupling. The first coupling is then moved out electronically while the second coupling is coupled in at the same time.
The result is a smooth, fast and seamless gear change. The dual clutch transfers the drive from one gear to the next with minimal drive interruption to the rear wheel. This minimizes the shock and nick movements of the machine, and the change is done directly and evenly. Additional advantages include.B longevity (gears cannot be damaged by incorrect shifting), preventing choking, stress-free driving in the city and reduced driver fatigue.
The DCT system offers two different driving concepts. On the one hand, the automatic setting with pre-programmed switching patterns, which constantly monitor the vehicle speed, the selected gear and the engine speed in order to ensure the optimal switching process. On the other hand, the manual gearbox adjustment for the gear change via the shifters on the left side of the handlebars.
Thanks to the TBW control, 5 automatic switching patterns are available. Level 1 is extremely comfort-oriented and linked to RAIN driving mode; the power is switched on and down at comparatively low speeds. Level 4, on the other hand, is linked to SPORT mode. Now the DCT switches up at higher speeds and switches off earlier to increase engine braking. Level 2 is linked to standard driving mode. Level 3 is located between standard and SPORT driving modes.
The GRAVEL driving mode uses the sporty "G" switching pattern. This has the additional property to reduce the slip on the rear wheel by the couplings working only when the throttle is fully open or closed. This gives the driver a more direct sense of traction on the rear wheel and has the ability to "slide" in a controlled manner. While this function used to have to be activated by the separate G-switch, it is now part of the new G-switching pattern of the DCT.
In USER mode, the driver can individually combine one of the DCT switching patterns with the preferred other parameters, such as power development, engine brake, ABS and HSTC.
4. Styling & Equipment
Sharper, slimmer and more aggressive styling
Smartphone connectivity via the new 5-inch TFT display including smartphone voice control system
New LED double headlights with daytime running lights
New screen improves wind and weather protection
Larger 22-litre storage space with glove compartment and integrated USB charging socket
The unique styling of the X-ADV, originally developed by Honda's R&D team in Italy, is fully redesigned and streamlined for 2021. Compared to the previous model, the new styling is more aggressive, sharper, cooler. Simply more X-ADV.
The newly designed LED double headlights now have daytime running lights (DRL). They automatically adapt to the intensity of ambient light and emit a bright, highly visible light, which significantly increases safety. All lighting consists of LEDs.
Thanks to excellent ergonomics, with a seat height of 820 mm and a 910 mm wide handlebar, the driver has a good overview of the traffic. The seat has a newly shaped, slimmer shoulder contour, which noticeably improves the ground accessibility. Depending on the occasion - commuting or traveling - the new screen of the X-ADV can be adjusted without tools in 5 positions from low to high to maximize or minimize airflow. The total height difference from the highest to the lowest point is 139 mm at an inclination of 11°.
Honda's new smartphone voice control system allows drivers to use their smartphones on the go. This allows him to make phone calls and check emails or control music and navigation. The information about the 5-inch TFT display is displayed. A headset is required for use; the smartphone must also be connected to the vehicle via Bluetooth. The system can also be controlled via the buttons of the left switch unit.
Robust handguards made of plastic keep wind and rain away and keep hands and levers in the terrain safe from rockfall. A 2.5 mm thick aluminium protective plate protects the underside.
The luggage compartment under the bench grows in volume by 1 l to 22 l and offers space for an integral helmet. It is illuminated with an integrated LED, the textured surface of which allows uniform illumination without dazzling. A USB charging jack replaces the 12V ACC jack. It is located at the back of the compartment. The actuation for the parking brake has been moved from the right panel further down to the right side of the handlebars, making room for a useful and easily accessible glove compartment. A standard mounted center stand with inclination sensor allows the X-ADV to be mounted on the slope without the risk of tipping.
The X-ADV with the standard Smart Key offers additional comfort. Simply stored in the driver's pocket, no further key is required for ignition, fuel cap and seat. Once the smart key is within range, the main switch can be operated. This gives the driver control over the ignition and steering lock as well as the fuel cap and the seat (each via two rocker switches). The Smart Key also unlocks and unlocks the optional Smart Top Case. In addition, the blinkers are activated via an "answer-back" function, which is also easily recognizable from a distance. A mechanism in the main switch prevents the handlebars from being forcibly unlocked.
The rear indicators of the X-ADV have an emergency stop signal function (ESS). With a negative acceleration of 6.0 m/s2 and a minimum speed of 53 km/h with the brake swayed at the same time, the warning indicators flash to warn other road users of an abrupt stop. In addition, the threshold is reduced to a negative acceleration of at least 2.5 m/s2 when the ABS is enabled.
The function also switches off automatically. In contrast to a simple timer, the system compares the speed difference between the front and rear wheels and calculates the time at which the warning flasher must be deactivated depending on the situation.
5. Chassis
New diamond steel tube frame saves weight and creates space
41 mm Cartridge USD Fork and Pro-Link Swingarm
Radially mounted four-piston front brake calipers, 296 mm discs and ABS
120/70 R17 and 160/60 R15 Front and rear tyres
A significant further development in the chassis of the X-ADV concerns the redesign of the diamond steel tube frame. Due to a careful reconstruction and using different pipe thicknesses, not only 1 kg compared to the previous frame is saved, but also valuable space for the storage compartment is created.
Steering head angle and trailing are set to 27° and 104 mm with a wheelbase of 1,590 mm. A steering angle of 39° (and a turning radius of 2.8 m) make the X-ADV very agile even in dense traffic. The suspension with long travel - 153.5 mm front and 150 mm rear - is adapted to a ground clearance of 165 mm. 236 kg total weight means a strong 3 kg less than the previous model.
The 41 mm USD fork with cartridge system ensures good handling in rough terrain. It has an adjustable traction stage and spring preload. The rear damper with adjustable spring preload is a single-tube construction and uses the Pro-Link lever system to actuate the aluminium swingarm, which has u-shaped cross-section arms.
The 17-inch front wheel and the 15-inch rear wheel are equipped with stainless steel spokes. The ideal prerequisite for moving the X-ADV comfortably even in rough terrain. Tires with block patterns increase driving stability. L-shaped valves facilitate air pressure control. The tyres have the dimensions 120/70 R17 front and 160/60 R15 rear.
Two radially mounted four-piston brake calipers grip the 296 mm discs and work with ABS.
A number of original Honda accessories are available for the new X-ADV, including:
Luggage rack at the rear
Smart Top Case
38-l-/ 50-l-Top Case with aluminum décor and colour-coordinated accents
Suitcase holder
Suitcase – right 26 l, left 33 l with aluminium décor and colour-coordinated accents
Ankle protection extensions
Fall bracket
Heating handles
Liquid-cooled 4-stroke 8-valve, SOHC-Parallel-Twin, EURO5 compliant
Hole & Hub
10,7:1
Max Performance
59 hp (43.1 kW) at 6,750 rpm
Engine oil quantity
Mixture preparation
Electronic fuel injection PGM-FI
12V/11AH
ACG output
480W/5000rpm
Coupling type
2 multi-disc coupling packages
6-speed dual-clutch transmission (DCT)
Diamond steel tube frame
2,215 mm x 940 mm x 1,370 mm
Steering head angle
165 mm (minimum)
Weight (fully fuelled)
41mm USD fork, 153.5mm stroke
Monoshock damper, Pro-Link swingarm, 120 mm travel
Spoke wheel
Rim size front
17M/C x MT3.50
Rim size rear
Tyres at the front
120/70-R17M/C
ABS type
296 mm double disc with 4-piston brake caliper
240 mm single disc with 1-piston brake caliper
INSTRUMENTS & ELECTRONICS
5" TFT display
Smart Key System
LED + daytime running light (DRL)
The world's toughest rally
We're back! After a week of Alpine passes (at least three a day), the team of Motorradtest.de has arrived at their desk again. And we share our
Photo: Honda
Your way to ride!
Honda Model Year 2020
CBR1000RR-R Fireblade


Please add your comment on the background note in the box below.
ØThere is a strong focus on inclusive economic growth. The promotion of inclusive economic growth should not be environmentally harmful and the Commission should ensure environment is mainstreamed in its development programmes, including in the CSO programme. We believe that the term "sustainable development" is a more appropriate objective. Poverty eradication cannot be achieved only via economic growth but because of the multidimensional aspects of poverty, the EU should consider other types of indicators such as empowerment, respect of human rights, access to resources, voice and participation etc.
ØDifferentiation should not be applied to thematic programmes. During the last Policy Forum in May the EC clearly stipulated that the thematic programmes would be available for the Middle Income Countries as well. The EU delegations in the Middle Income countries should continue to have the necessary capacity and human resources to handle the management of projects funded under the thematic programmes.
ØThe CSO programme should recognise and promote the important contribution of EU CSOs in holding the EU to account, in the same way as the EU wishes to support civil society actors in other parts of the world to hold their governments to account.
ØIf the EU decides to remove the multi-country envelope promoting cross-border multistakeholder partnerships, then they should ensure that the Global Public Goods programme will include such approaches in order to fill the gap. We believe that multi-stakeholder partnerships are highly important to achieve development objectives. Triggering dynamic and innovative partnerships to work on complex integrated issues. The EC should encourage and support the creation of such partnerships.
A consultation process is underway for local and regional governments, which outcomes expected for December 2012 should impact the programme's strategy. Therefore, we would like the detailed timeline for the strategy's approval to be clarified.
·PLATFORMA represents 24 partner organisations of local and regional governments, which have demonstrated interest in contributing to this consultation on the CSO-LA thematic programme. UCLG, CPMR, CUF, AFCCRE and the cities of Paris and Lyon have contributed to this draft note. However, quality work requires time and proper mechanisms. A window of opportunity of about 2 weeks in total is not appropriate enough for a consultation with networks.
·An indication of the budget share allocated to CSOs and to LRAs would be helpful at this point, with a confirmation that 2 distinct lines are foreseen for each type of actors. Regarding funding, further observations are made throughout the document. For instance, we would like to have a clarification regarding the budget line dedicated to the priority 1.3 "territorial approach to development".
·Following the adoption of the "Agenda for change", clarification would be necessary regardingthe application of the differentiation principle in this thematic programme. We call on the EC to ensure that LRA from countries no longer recipient of EU bilateral aid be eligible to the CSO-LA thematic programme.
·We call on the EC to enlarge the list of eligible countries to the first objective focusing on country level, in comparison with the last programming period. Eligible countries for LAs should be as numerous as the ones eligible for CSOs.
·As proposed in the CSO consultation, country roadmaps should be established by EU delegations for LRAs. Following the results of the structured dialogue, we could even imagine the development of joint country roadmaps for CSOs and LAs.
·We request that, in the EU partner countries, all levels of governance (particularly LRAs and their representative associations) be consulted by the EC delegations during the programming stage, as the European Parliament put forward in its negotiating position on the proposal for a regulation establishing a financing instrument for development cooperation (title IV, article 11, 3).
·PLATFORMA reiterates the need for an evaluation of the NSA-LA programme in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the programme. A better visibility of the financed projects would benefit to all the potential applicants.
·The EC should maintain the publication of calls for proposals forecasts.


text:
KADERE OPEN FOR TALKS
Author Editor
Peter Boyers
Party president says they are not in any hotel camp
By AATAI J. LAUNGI
KADERE Party is not camping in any hotel at the moment, its president Peter Boyers says.
And he said about half of the newly elected MPs are still in their home constituencies.
Asked about the possibility of his party leading the next government, Boyers who is not an MP said:
"We have names of elected MPs on our list but they are not here yet to sign because they are still in the provinces."
Boyers added MPs who contested as independents but use the policies of Kadere in their campaign are welcomed to join the party.
Officially, eight Kadere Party members secured seats in the April 3 elections.
With this number they have been tipped to lead the next government.
Earlier, the party said they have candidates contesting the election as "affiliated" Kadere Party members.
"These affiliates are not registered Kadere members but they attended the launch of our party prior to the elections," Boyers explained.
"Our members and affiliates are expected in Honiara this week," he added.
Parliament has already sent out messages on the national broadcaster requesting all newly elected MPs to start making their way to Honiara.
Boyers has admitted that lobbying and the number game is now at play but says Kadere believes in people who are genuine and with the right intention to form the next government.
"In fact Kadere is open for any MP to join and free to dialogue with any political groupings that may want to collude with us.
"The constitution supersedes any law that governs political parties therefore it does not necessary mean the position of the PM must only be held by members of the largest party in parliament.
"So I welcome independent candidates to join Kadere and also wish to open up our doors for any political parties that wish to partner with us."
It's understood Kadere and Manasseh Sogavare's newly registered Our Party are in talks.
Already a grand coalition group has set up camp at the Heritage Park Hotel in Honiara.
This faction is made up of Solomon Islands Democratic Party (SIDP), United Democratic Party (UDP), People's Alliance Party (PAP), Solomon Islands People's First Party (SIPFP), Democratic Alliance Party (DAP) and Solomon Islands United Party (UP).
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For some students, the pressure to get good grades is so strong that they take prescription drugs in an effort to improve their performance.
In the vast vacuum of qualitative studies in this field, Danish anthropologist Margit Anne Petersen's PhD project aims to take a closer look at this phenomenon known as smart drugs, intelligence enhancers, neuro enhancers, nootropics, or simply 'study drugs'.
These are all terms used to describe prescription drugs that purportedly improve mental functions such as cognition, memory, intelligence, motivation, attention and concentration.
For US students in particular, the use study drugs is on the increase, and this has prompted a heated debate about the ethical, social and health-related consequences of using these kinds of drug.
"I want to study what role the medication plays in their academic and personal lives," she says.
"I hope the project can contribute new understanding of how young people deal with challenges in their lives, while also providing insight into the gradually changing boundaries of what is considered normal and abnormal," says Petersen, who in her fieldwork has been observing young students going about their lives in a variety of everyday situations.
Petersen has just completed her fieldwork. Most of her data is collected in New York, while a smaller study was carried out in Copenhagen.
In New York, ADHD drugs like Dexedrine and Adderall are the most widely used form of study drugs used by students.
There are serious and less serious side effects associated with these drugs, as they affect the dopamine system in the brain. This is a central system, which plugs into a wide variety of functions.
In her fieldwork, Petersen observed very little unease among the New York students when it came to the side effects.
In New York, the researcher tried to obeserve her informants in as many different situations as possible, often for days on end – in large lecture halls, in libraries and even when students sat along at night reading.
"They told me very little about any unpleasant or directly negative aspects of taking study drugs. When I observed them over extended periods with different people, a fuller picture started to emerge, because people behave differently in different contexts. Soon I started seeing aspects that would not have emerged by simply interviewing the students.
Petersen does not know of any other research projects in this field that have followed students in their everyday lives.