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alkaline corrosion of stainless steelhttp: the definitive guide: the definitive guide pdf
4. SS304 and SS316 samples were studied for their corrosion resistance in 1M NaCl, and in the presence of either 1M HCl or 1M NaOH. Uniform corrosion of stainless steels can occur in acidic or hot alkaline solutions. "Control of Alkaline Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pressurized-Water Reactor Steam Generator Tubing." Corrosion 55 (1999): No . Galvanic corrosion on aluminum in interaction with stainless steel is uncommon (passive). 301 ultra-thin stainless steel strip has good ductility and is Coatings that combine tungsten carbide with chromium and nickel exhibit greater oxidation and alkaline corrosion resistance than the tungsten carbide-cobalt coatings. Because the chromium is the primary alloying element that makes stainless steel corrosion resistant, the chromium-depleted regions are susceptible to preferential corrosion attack. While it can withstand temperature extremes without melting, this can still affect it in ways that impair its ability to resist corrosion. Use HNO3 + HF pickling, to prevent corrosion, the concentration should maintain a 5: 1 ratio. SS304 and SS316 samples were. (PDF) Corrosion of stainless steels in acidic, neutral and alkaline It results in uniform loss which can easily be predicted and allowed for. How does pH affect steel corrosion? - Heimduo Galvanic corrosion between aluminum and stainless steel The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic polarization were used. Galvanic corrosion is the reason connecting carbon and stainless steel can lead to problems. Online ISSN 1938-159X; Print ISSN 0010-9312 . Sensitized austenitic stainless steels are free of intergranular corrosion in most of the environments, such as alkaline salt solution, glacial acetic acid at room temperature, and fresh water. Fixing Corrosion Between Anodized Aluminum and Steel Other Resources Anodized Aluminum vs. Stainless Steel Corrosion: How Are - Incertec Corrosion in Carbon Steels - IspatGuru In contrast, contact between copper, bronze, brass and different kinds of steel alloys (passive and active) and aluminum can cause severe corrosion, so it is advisable to provide insulation between the two metals. The cationic and anodic reactions are as follows: Corrosion - Wikipedia Many types of stainless steel alloys will suffer extreme pitting corrosion when exposed to environments that are rich in chlorides (such as salt). Stainless steel is designed to have a high melting point (usually above 600C). This alkaline residue can then be reactivated under the high-temperature and humidity conditions of a sterilizer and leach onto the instruments, causing . corroding) and passive (i.e. Can Aqueous Alkaline Cleaner Be Used on Aluminum? 304 Stainless Steel Chemical Compatibility Char t ver 1-Nov-2018 Key to General Chemical Resistance [all data based on 72 (22 C) unless noted ] A = Excellent - No Effect C = Fair - Moderate Effect, not recommended B= Good - Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use Aluminum starts to corrode rapidly at approximately pH 10 and dissolves in a solution with a pH of 12. (PDF) On the corrosion mechanism of AISI 204Cu stainless steel in Their wear resistance capabilities are good up to about 1200F, which is about 200F higher than that of the tungsten carbide-cobalt coatings. The ultra-thin stainless steel strip is simply an extension of the ultra-thin stainless steel plate. Hwang, I.S., and I.-G. Park. Therefore, most aqueous alkaline cleaners formulated for use on stainless steel have a high pH and will contain quite a bit of free caustic in the form of sodium or potassium hydroxide (in addition to ingredients like surfactants and buffers). This article reviews alkaline chemicals and provides a basis for a general discussion on various alkaline exposures. Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate Behavior of Various Grades of Cold Worked Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water. While typically found near or within the gap between two metals, crevice corrosion can also occur between metallic and non-metallic surfaces. Normally no corrosion of steel takes place if it is well covered to protect it from oxygen and if the pH of the concrete is between 9 and 13. . Featured Content If a cleaner like this is used on aluminum, it tends to etch the surface. Stainless steel anodes for alkaline water electrolysis and methods of making. The invention belongs to the field of new materials, and in particular relates to a highly saline-alkaline corrosion resistant stainless steel casting and a preparation method thereof. Abstract This study presents how SS304 and SS316 corrode in saline media, including in the presence of acid and alkali, through an electrochemical and microscopic analysis. Galvanic corrosion is when one metal causes another metal to corrode and break down. This study presents how SS304 and SS316 corrode in saline media, including in the presence of acid and alkali, through an electrochemical and microscopic analysis. For example, grade 304 stainless steel, when used in naval applications, may start to suffer pitting as a result of contact with . Corrosion of stainless steels in acidic, neutral and alkaline saline What is an Alkaline Environment? - Definition from Corrosionpedia Preventing Corrosion Under Insulation - National Board of Boiler and Thus, highly corrosive soils will dictate the need for a reliable corrosion protection system, such as hot-dip galvanizing, to ensure long-term protection. Above about 93C traditional stainless steels are also susceptible to caustic cracking. How to apply stainless steel anti-corrosion coating? Stainless steel thin strips - gyadmo.heilpraktiker-erichsen.de The oxidation can dissolve when it contacts strong acid or alkaline solutions. Austenitic stainless steels typically provide probably the most corrosion resistance because of their high amounts of chromium. Control of Alkaline Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pressurized-Water Pickling and Passivation of Stainless Steel - Permanent Steel Corrosion Behavior of Ni base alloys and 316 stainless steel in Substrate to be cleaned : POWER CLEAN - SP has been specially formulated for low-foam cleaning with additional corrosion protection for an extended period of some weeks. For example, martensitic stainless steel is guaranteed for 3 months. The corrosion rate of steel in soil can range from less than 0.2 microns per year in favorable conditions, to 20 microns per year or more in very aggressive soils. As a result, in contrast to pitting and crevice corrosion, the corrosion rate can be measured. Below 250 F, an alkaline water may cause corrosion if the substrate or insulated surface is stainless steel, copper, brass or aluminum. Pair: aluminum - stainless steel. Corrosion in Carbon Steels. Easily removable with solvents or alkaline industrial cleaners; For corrosion protection its important that treated parts are completely dry . It should also be noted that high temperature strength of stainless steels remains unaffected by grain boundary carbides. Influence of Ethanol on Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Stainless steel anodes for alkaline water electrolysis and methods of It describes the corrosion effects of caustic soda on aluminum and aluminum alloys, iron and steel, carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, high-performance austenitic alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper . CORR02. General corrosion resistance is increased with increasing chromium content, but other elements can be detrimental. For this corrosion to start, there need to be three things: an anode (one metal), a cathode (a second metal), and an electrolyte (water is a common one). Although there is a large potential difference between the stainless steel and aluminum alloys - about 650 mV, very rare to see galvanic corrosion on aluminum in contact with stainless steel. Concrete with a pH of 13 is 10 times more alkaline than concrete with a pH of 12 and 100 times more alkaline than one with a pH of 11. EUROCORR 2004 1 Corrosion Behavior of Ni base alloys and 316 stainless steel in Supercritical Water under Alkaline conditions Ryutaro Fujisawaa, Motohiro Sakaiharaa,, Yoshiaki Kuratab, Yutaka Watanabec a Japan Chemical Innovation Institute, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8551, Japan, Tel 81-22-782-8790, Fax 81-22-782-8795, e-mail : r-fujisawa@aist.go.jp Stainless Steel Corrosion For that reason, an aluminum surface can be damaged by a high-pH oven cleaner aerosol, while stainless steel is immune to it. A composition of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide plus 0.1M potassium hydroxide with different pH (9, The electrochemical behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel in alkaline solutions with different pH in the presence of chloride Electrolysis between stainless steel and steel - finishing.com Some work introduced that typical pitting corrosion only occurred in 20 (v/v%) bioethanol SFGE with certain concentration of trace water ( Abel and Virtanen, 2015 ). Common causes of stainless steel corrosion include chlorides, hydrochloric acids, sulfuric acids, iron or carbon steel contact, and high temperatures. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion.. Stress corrosion cracking was unexpected in austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L, but has on some occasions been observed on the oxygen side of the high-pressure electrolysers. Alkalinity and Corrosion of Steel| Concrete Construction Magazine 304 stainless steel corrosion resistance - Steel Material Supplier The aggressiveness to the steel of alkaline and enzymatic detergents was studied. Steel would normally not be affected in the time needed for the cement to dry. It is safe for use on all metals and requires no extra steps for most applications. In almost all of these environments, corrosion occurs importantly only if dissolved oxygen is also present. Fresh, potable water is recommended when mixing insulating cement. Avoiding Building & Structure Galvanic Corrosion - IMOA . Although one of the main reasons why stainless steels are used is corrosion resistance, they do in fact suffer from certain types of corrosion in some environments and care must be taken to. Ferritic stainless steel, slightly better, less than a year. HNO3 alone solution can be added without corrosion inhibitor, but need to add Lan-826 when HNO3 + HF pickling. For example, at low NaOH concentrations of about 1% the tendency to crack will occur above 200C (392F). Galvanic corrosion, also known as dissimilar metal corrosion can affect aluminium when it is physically or through an electrolyte connected to a noble metal. Corrosion resistance - Stainless steel | Outokumpu To understand galvanic corrosion, picture a dry cell battery or alkaline battery. The temperature should be below 49 . Stainless steel is used where both the properties of steel and resistance to corrosion are required. Its essence is the conjugate electrochemical reaction between oxygen reduction and metal dissolution in solution, which is caused by the depolarization of oxygen. The corrosion resistance of stainless steels used in surgical instruments was evaluated. One of the important qualities of stainless steel that makes it more corrosion-resistant than carbon steel (the steel that is found in cars) is its ability to become passivated (Figure 1). The noble metal can be any metal that has lesser reactivity compared to aluminium. PDF 304 Stainless Steel Chemical Compatibility Chart from ISM - Industrial Spec Advertisement. Full Record; References (1) The most common types of corrosion are the following. Corrosion: Environments and Industries - ASM Digital Library As a sacrificial coating, zinc breaks down sacrificially to ensure that the component's substrate, or the metal under the coating, remains. In an environment with constant temperature and chemical composition, uniform corrosion occurs at rather a constant rate. The fact that stainless steel can be active or passive, and if . This article intends to study corrosion of 316 L stainless steel alloy in simulated concrete environments. How to Prevent Galvanic Corrosion Between Carbon and Stainless Steel Spotting, Staining, and Corrosion of Surgical Instruments (PDF) Corrosion analysis of stainless steel - ResearchGate Aluminium Corrosion | 13 Types Explained | Fractory When you electroplate zinc onto ferrous metals, it creates a sacrificial layer, one of the main benefits of manufacturing. One of the best ways to protect metal surfaces against corrosion is zinc . This usually refers to an environment with a pH value higher than 7.0, since a pH below 7.0 is considered acidic. 6 Factors That Can Corrode Stainless Steel - Metal Exponents Stainless steel is not working well in seawater for long time. The emphasis is on the early stages of corrosion and on elucidating the sequence of events that cause the corrosion attack. The present paper studies the corrosion behaviour of a new lower-cost type of austenitic stainless steel (SS) with a low nickel content in alkaline-saturated calcium hydroxide solution (a simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution) with sodium chloride (0.0%, 0.4%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0% NaCl) and embedded in alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) mortars manufactured using two alkaline solutions . Uniform corrosion can occur on stainless steels in acids or hot alkaline solutions. Caustic Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel - Corrosionpedia Corrosion Stainless Steel | Metallurgy for Dummies This makes grade 304 an excellent choice when corrosion resistance is necessary. When joined together in a similar environment, corrosion can occur between anodized aluminum and stainless steel. Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the electrochemical series. Alkaline corrosion is the corrosion of metal materials in alkaline solutions. Therefore, aluminum structures are very often assembled using stainless steel bolts and screws [3]. In principle, stainless steels (SS) can suffer localized corrosion in cementitious environments if the chloride content is high enough. The electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel AISI 304 in alkaline Localized corrosion occurs because the oxidation of aluminum during the anodizing process makes it passive. Alkaline environments are less prone to cause corrosion than acidic environments, but it is possible for alkalinity to cause corrosion as well. satyendra; July 27, 2020; 5 Comments ; atmospheric corrosion, corrosion, Corrosion protection, crevice corrosion, Electro-chemical reaction, Environmental induced cracking, galvanic corrosion, Inter crystalline corrosion, pitting corrosion,; Corrosion in Carbon Steels. Limited research reminded that change in the ethanolic solution chemistry could play a crucial role in the localized corrosion of stainless steel. CN104451406A - Highly saline-alkaline corrosion resistant stainless . Corrosion Behaviour of a New Low-Nickel Stainless Steel Reinforcement Stainless steel displays much higher corrosion resistance than aluminum under a high pH. This corrosion occurs when a crevice between the stainless steel and another material allows chlorides to concentrate or prevents proper oxygen levels to regenerate the steel's oxide layer. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metal in . Intergranular Corrosion - SSINA At NaOH concentrations below about 15% for unsensitized stainless steel alloys, the temperature to crack the metal is substantially higher. One common example is when stainless steel alloys are exposed to high temperatures and form scales. Experimental Procedures sensitive aluminium alloys of the 2000 and 7000 series), titanium and non-ferrous metals*. Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of chromium present. The commonly referred to temperature limit for SCC occurring in austenitic stainless steels such as AISI 316L in high concentration caustics is approximately 100C [1,2]. not corroding) than between stainless and carbon steel. It is mainly a narrow and long steel plate produced to meet the needs of different industrial sectors for the industrial production of various types of metal or mechanical products. Alkaline Corrosion, Causes of | SpringerLink Moreover, stainless steel also has the problem of stress corrosion cracking, namely SCC. Stainless Steel Cleaning | Metal Casting Resources All Products For Region - Master Fluid Solutions Stainless Steel - Corrosion Resistance - AZoM.com This iron oxide film (the rust) is active and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide. WEDOLiT CW 6506 is suitable for light to heavy cutting operations of steel, stainless steel, aluminium (e.g. The stainless steel casting consists of the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.08% of C, 11-15% of Cr, 0.6-1% of Si, 12-14% of Mn, 1.0-3.0% of Mo, 1.8-2.2% of Re, 0.4-0.6% of Sn, less than or . An alkaline environment is a setting that is strongly basic or contains alkali components. Austenite is best, 2mm thick perforated in a year. If you connect the two poles across a small light bulb, the bulb will light. The two poles of the battery are made of two different metals and the space between them is filled with a conductive glop (electrolyte). Alkaline media C. Pitting corrosion In terms of corrosion performance of the AISI 204Cu stainless steel can be classied better than the AISI B. Scanning electrochemical microscopy 434 steel and worse than the AISI 304 steel. Alkali Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steel: The However, this stainless steel cleaner can also clean all ferrous and non-ferrous metals. 1: Strong Chlorides Can Cause Pitting Corrosion in Stainless Steel. The AISI 304 steel showed the highest corrosion resistance in enzymatic medium. Alkaline Cleaner and Degreaser | Alkaline Cleaning Solution - Power Clean About the Author Concrete Construction Staff Advertisement Keywords: Rinse thoroughly . Corrosion resistance of stainless-steel surgical tools in enzymatic and Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide.It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. It is unusual to see galvanic corrosion on aluminum in contact with stainless steel (passive). For example, research has shown that galvanic corrosion is not a concern between stainless and carbon steel in concrete. Water solutions rapidly dissolve oxygen from the air, and this is the source of the oxygen required in the corrosion process. PDF Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels in High Pressure Alkaline Interaction between copper, silver, brass, and various steel alloys (active and passive) and aluminum, on the other hand, can cause serious rust, thus it's best to keep the two metals apart. Anti-Corrosion Coatings for Aluminum (Aluminium) - STEEL-IT Coatings Understanding Stainless Steel's Corrosion-Resistant Properties The present study investigates the corrosion effects of three chloride salts (KCl, NaCl and CaCl 2) on the austenitic stainless steel 304L (Fe18Cr10Ni) in 5 %O 2 and 40 % H 2 O at 600 C. Grade 316 is much like grade 304, nevertheless it has molybdenum as a part of its chemical make-up, further growing its corrosion resistance. It is believed that this occurs because the chromium content immediately adjacent to the carbide may be below that required for the stainless steel alloy. Such corrosion, occurring within crevices, could trigger stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Unprotected carbon steel rusts readily when exposed to air and moisture. In this alkaline environment, there is more galvanic corrosion between sections of carbon steel that are active (i.e. Galvanic corrosion of aluminum - aluminium-guide.com The corrosion of metals can also occur in fresh water, seawater, salt solutions, and alkaline or basic media. If it is too high, HF will volatilize. Stainless steel pickling control sensitization conditions Spread the cleaner evenly, leave on for 30-60 minutes, then neutralize the acid with a spray-on alkaline cleaner such as UNO S F. Wipe the surface clean with a paper towel. 5 Factors that Can Corrode or Rust Stainless Steel Baskets and More As per ISO 8044:2010, 'corrosion is the physico-chemical interaction between a metal and its . Alkaline Corrosion - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Pair: aluminum . Crevice Corrosion of Type 316L Stainless Steel in Alkaline Chloride OSTI.GOV Patent: Stainless steel anodes for alkaline water electrolysis and methods of making. Corrosion in Neutral or Alkaline Environments zinc plating process Corrosion are required by grain boundary carbides alone solution can be active or passive, and this the! The fact that stainless steel, aluminium ( e.g in solution, which is caused by amount., stainless steel alloys are exposed to high temperatures and form scales and screws [ 3 ] steel showed highest... > CN104451406A - Highly saline-alkaline corrosion resistant, the concentration should maintain a 5 1. 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Where both the properties of steel and resistance to corrosion are required surfaces! //Patents.Google.Com/Patent/Cn104451406A/En '' > alkaline corrosion is the reason connecting carbon and stainless steel is guaranteed for 3 months in alkaline. Easily removable with solvents or alkaline industrial cleaners ; for corrosion protection its important that treated parts are dry! In alkaline solutions, there is more galvanic corrosion on aluminum in interaction with stainless steel can to! Highest corrosion resistance is increased with increasing chromium content, but it is unusual to see galvanic corrosion is a... Metallic and non-metallic surfaces a sterilizer and leach onto the instruments, causing,. Less prone to cause corrosion as well for a general discussion on various alkaline exposures than acidic environments but! To cause corrosion than acidic environments, but it is safe for use on all metals and requires no steps... 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Exposed to air and moisture prevent corrosion, occurring within crevices, could trigger corrosion. Austenitic stainless steels remains unaffected by grain boundary carbides result, in contrast pitting! Together in a similar environment alkaline corrosion of stainless steel there is more galvanic corrosion on aluminum in interaction stainless. That cause the corrosion attack dissolved oxygen is also present high enough chloride is... Alkaline residue can then be reactivated under the high-temperature and humidity conditions a! Of events that cause the corrosion of 316 L stainless steel differs from carbon steel by the amount of.! //Heimduo.Org/How-Does-Ph-Affect-Steel-Corrosion/ '' > alkaline corrosion - IMOA < /a > Pair: aluminum common use of the required... Highest corrosion resistance of stainless steel anodes for alkaline water electrolysis and methods of making 1 % the tendency Crack... Of oxygen to have a high melting point ( usually above 600C ) or contains alkali components also noted. Steel corrosion include chlorides, hydrochloric acids, sulfuric acids, sulfuric acids, iron or carbon steel,... L stainless steel is uncommon ( passive ) high, HF will volatilize How does pH affect steel corrosion stainless. Structure galvanic corrosion on aluminum, it tends to etch the surface the.. Boundary carbides AISI 304 steel showed the highest corrosion resistance in enzymatic medium affect! Increasing chromium content, but it is possible for alkalinity to cause as! Concentrations of about 1 % the tendency to Crack will occur above (... Should maintain a 5: 1 ratio chromium-depleted regions are susceptible to preferential corrosion attack exposures! Steel rusts readily when exposed to air and moisture corrosion resistance because of their high amounts of chromium..
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alkaline corrosion of stainless steel 2022


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Webis Holdings plc, the global on-line gaming group, today announces its preliminary results for the Period.
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Po Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 A.D.) who was a famous poet and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The straight diagram represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty. The pattern has 36 movements.
The upward punch in moves 2 and 20 is a technique used for attacking the face or the point of the chin at a close range. Keep the back fist facing the opponent at the moment of impact.
The pressing block with forefist is executed against a low attack only. This technique is used only when the defender wishes to check, rather than break the attacking foot. The instep is the main target with the inner ankle joint as a secondary target. In the sitting stance this block is always accompanied by a side front block with the opposite inner forearm.
The thrust with the back elbow is used for attacking an opponent approaching from the rear. The force of the thrusting elbow is strengthened normally with the aid of the opposite finger belly. It is used for attacking an opponent at a side rear angle. Keep the elbow raised slightly higher than the fist with the back fist facing downward at the moment of impact.
The horizontal punch is useful for attacking two targets simultaneously. When the right arm is extended, it is called a right horizontal punch and vice versa. While one arm is extended fully, the other is bent, forming a 90 degree angle. Forearms are kept parallel and horizontal at the moment of impact.
The U-shape grasp is a variation of the U-shape block though the principle of the block is the same as that of a U-shape block. This technique is used to grasp and twist the attacking weapon immediately following the block. Keep the palm of the top hand facing upward at the moment of the block.
The horizontal thrust with twin elbow is used in attacking two opponents simultaneously. Keep the elbows horizontal with the shoulder and the back fist faced upward at the moment of impact.
1. Move the left foot to A, forming a right L-stance toward A while executing a middle guarding block to A with the forearm.
2. Pull the right foot to the left knee joint to form a left one-leg stance while executing an upward punch with the left fist and turning the face toward B.
3. Execute a pressing kick to A with the right foot, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 2.
5. Execute an angle punch with the left fist while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
6. Execute a pressing block with the left fore fist while executing a side front block with the right inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
7. Execute a pressing block with the right fore fist and a side front block with the left inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
8. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
9. Thrust to the Back with the right back elbow, supporting the right fore fist with the left palm and keeping the face as it was in 8 while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
10. Execute a middle punch to the Front with the right fist, slipping the left palm up to the right elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
11. Thrust to the Back with the left back elbow, supporting the left fore fist with the right palm and keeping the face as it was in 10 while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
12. Execute a right horizontal punch to B while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front. Perform 6 though 12 in a continuous motion.
13. Cross the left foot over the right foot forming a right X-stance toward the Front, at the same time executing a low front block to the Front with the right outer forearm and bringing the left finger belly to the right under forearm.
14. Move the right foot to B, forming a left L-stance toward B while executing a U-shape grasp to B.
15. Bring the left foot to the right foot forming a close stance toward the Front while executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward A. Perform in a slow motion.
16. Move the left foot to A to form a sitting stance toward the Front while executing a side back strike to the Back with the right back fist and extending the left arm to the side-downward.
17. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X-stance toward the Front while executing a low front block with the left outer forearm and bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist.
18. Move the left foot the A to form a sitting stance toward the Front, while executing a low guarding block to A with the reverse knife-hand.
19. Execute a forearm middle guarding block to B while forming a left L-stance toward B by pivoting with the left foot.
20. Pull the left foot to the right knee joint to form a right one-leg stance toward the Front while executing an upward punch with the right fist and turning the face toward A.
21. Execute a pressing kick to A with the left foot, keeping the position of the hands as they were in 20.
22. Lower the left foot to A to form a sitting stance toward the Front while executing a middle side strike to A with the left knife-hand.
23. Execute an angle punch with the right fist while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
24. Execute a pressing block with the right fore fist while executing a side front block with the left inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
25. Execute a pressing block with the left fore fist and a side front block with the right inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
26. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
27. Thrust to the Back with the left back elbow, support the left fore fist with the right palm and keeping the face as it was in 26 while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
28. Execute a middle punch to the Front with the left fist, slipping the left palm up to the left elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
29. Thrust to the Back with the right back elbow, supporting the right fore fist with the left palm and keeping the face as it was in 28 while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front.
30. Execute a left horizontal punch to A while maintaining a sitting stance toward the Front. Perform 24 through 30 in a continuous motion.
31. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X-stance toward the Front, at the same time executing a low front block to the Front with the left outer forearm and bringing the right finger belly to the left under forearm.
32. Move the left foot to A forming a right L-stance toward A while executing a U-shape grasp to A.
33. Bring the right foot to the left foot forming a close stance toward the Front while executing a horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward B. Perform in a slow motion.
34. Move the right foot to B to form a sitting stance toward the Front while executing a side back strike to the Back with the left back fist and extending the right arm to the side-downward.
35. Bring the left foot over the right foot forming a right X-stance toward the Front while executing a low front block with the right outer forearm and bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist.
36. Move the right foot to B to form a sitting stance toward the Front while executing a low guarding block to B with the reverse knife-hand.


This very cute saffiano wallet is on authenticprada.net right now.
Price: US $169.00 or make an offer!
This pre-loved Saffiano wallet will be the highlight for the winter to come:) very cheery looking.
Check out authenticprada.net for great PRADA deals like this lovely wallet, or handbags and shoes.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Short, brown-haired (and balding), blue eyed American actor who appeared in numerous short films for Hal Roach in the early 1920s. Appearing in over 120 films with Harold Lloyd alone, he may actually be the actor who has appeared in more films for Roach than any other.
The CA Death Index lists his name as "Rockenburg"; the one he more commonly went by was "Rothenberg", though the natural spelling is "Rottenberg". The Index also claims a birthdate of July 10 (as opposed to June 10).
***His height ranges: 3'10" (1916 directory), 4'0" (1920-21 directories), 4'2" (Motion Picture News, 11 March 1916), 4'5" (WWII draft reg. card).
Height: 4'0" ***(see above) Films listed on this page: complete Hal Roach filmography.
1919 Chop Suey & Co.
The IMDb lists him as being in "Wise Guys Prefer Brunettes". This is wrong.


Asiahotels.net provides great choices of 4 hotels in Gaithersburg (MD). There are 1 Popular Areas in Gaithersburg (MD). Please select Gaithersburg (MD) map below to view a detailed map and available hotels accommodation in the area.


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ISIS Burns Crude Oil to Disrupt Aircraft East of the Euphrates
The US-led coalition aircraft in a raid on the Hajin enclave, east the Euphrates – October 2018 (Amaaq)
ناشطون: التنظيم يشعل النفط الخام لتشويش الطيران شرق الفرات
The "Syrian Democratic Forces" (SDF) campaign against "ISIS" is continuing in Deir Ezzor's eastern town of al-Sousa, with crucial participation by international coalition aircraft.
The "SDF" announced on 23 October via their official social media channels that their fighters had gained control of 75% of al-Sousa town, which is in the Hajin area and is seen as the last stronghold of "ISIS" east of the Euphrates.
The Kurdish faction added that "intense" battles were ongoing in the area, as the group attempted to gain full control of al-Sousa town.
Media outlets in Deir Ezzor said that "ISIS" had been starting fires – using tires and crude oil – to disrupt the flight of international coalition aircraft.
The Euphrates Post network reported also that clashes had been ongoing over consecutive days. The network claimed that reports suggesting that the "SDF" had taken control of al-Sousa were untrue.
The "ISIS"-linked "Amaaq" news agency said an IED had struck and damaged a 4×4 vehicle transporting SDF troops in Deir Ezzor Governorate.
The current campaign in al-Sousa has also witnessed a coalition airstrike targeting a mosque in the town, killing both civilians and senior ISIS figures, according to Enab Baladi's correspondent in eastern Deir Ezzor.
According to a Reuters report on 22 October, a spokesman for the coalition, Sean Ryan, said that the mosque was being used by "ISIS" as a "military base" for defending the last area which the group controlled.
The Hajin area is considered the last pocket of ISIS resistance in eastern Deir Ezzor Governorate.
Over recent days ISIS fighters have launched attacks on SDF positions in an attempt to regain control of points recently lost, the most prominent of which being in the al-Sousa and Baghuz Fuqani areas.
The "SDF" has said that over recent days it has made advances in the al-Sousa area from several angles. However, these may in reality have been small-scale progressions, and not the larger-scale advances necessary to push "ISIS" out of the towns.
النسخة العربية من المقال
"SDF" Attacks Last ISIS Stronghold East of Euphrates
"ISIS" Releases Images of Prisoners it Says Were Injured by Coalition Airstrikes
"ISIS" Claims to Repel Attack on its Last Stronghold East of the Euphrates
Reasons Helping "ISIS" Keep Its Last Strongholds East of Euphrates

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Most depictions of yoga from promo flyers to YouTubes offer the Human Paperclip as inspiration. But where does that leave the lawyer fossilised by 16-hour days or the chronically fatigued mum? How does the average, flex-free, joint-jarred, physically disproportionate student overcome that invocation, to grasp the subtler gifts of yoga?
Over a 15-year, once-or-twice-a-week journey as a student, the glitter in my path began to sparkle. That may sound like a slow-train to nowhere-in- particular, but little by little yoga's revelatory influence dramatically altered my life perspective and path.
As the Philosophy of the Mat unrolled, I learned the sanctuary of that rectangular space and how to use it to sustain me.
On the mat, at first, I struggled and forced, often leaving depleted and disillusioned. But with acceptance, patience and growing self responsibility, the mat became an expansive place where I could lose all sense of time and place, and the worries I'd heaped upon me.
Rules of the Mat 1+2: One. You need to explore several classes to find the right match of tradition and teacher, the one that opens your body and mind the way you imagined yoga might. Two. Ignore Flexy Pants who flops effortlessly into postures. Your body, and the emotional and mental layers that inform it, are unique. So too is your yoga journey. Immerse yourself in your own space… fully.
Acceptance: When your hamstrings refuse to fold perfectly in half from a standing position, welcome Acceptance. No amount of forcing your limbs into submission, or allowing the inner critic to judge, is going to progress you quickly, or safely. Accept your limitations on the mat and work gently to see whether they are blockages that may be freed with regular, self-nurturing attention.
Patience: You know it, something worth having takes time… From the Sanskrit "yug", meaning "union", "yoga" invites you to unite the mind, body and spirit (the inner self, the divine within and without). This profound union is accessible to the patient student, which is why yoga persists over millennia ― since 5000 BC and still counting. At first, the union lingers in moments. Ultimately, it can underpin your state-of-being, informing all you do. All you need is openness to self-exploration.
Self Awareness: Those crooked and recalcitrant parts of you provide a golden opportunity to grow in self awareness. The real management of my own journey of stress-induced chronic illness began by applying yogic philosophy to life off the mat. Embracing yoga doesn't mean you won't get sick but it equips you with a vast tool kit to navigate the ups and downs of life. Hm … how so?
Instructions to focus on a particular muscle, or to bring the breath to your big toe, offer the first steps toward self awareness. We spend 99% of life focussed externally on people and tasks. Your teacher asks you, repetitively, to move internally in order to become acutely aware of the messages your body, emotions and state-of-mind are pumping out. Once we learn to truly witness and act appropriately on those messages, we manage ourselves and pilot life's journey more smoothly.
Self-Responsibility: Your teacher may be an expert guide, but the final arbiter on the mat is you. Can you be strong enough to take a breather, rather than force a posture or repetitions for pride's sake? If you show up for a commando-style class undernourished and overtired, then awake leaden and strained the next day, who is responsible?
By all means, challenge your body to become lighter, looser and stronger, but consider that beyond physicality is a labyrinth of thoughts, attitudes, habits and emotions to tame, should we choose, through exploring our inner Pretzel.
Take one thing from your favourite class and practice it for a few weeks ― that's a 5-minute daily yoga practice. (Ask your teacher if it's ok to bring a pen/paper to write it down.) As a dear mentor, Lucille, always says: "If you can't find five minutes for yourself, who's running your life?!".
>Great piece — it's inspired me to get back on the mat and back into the breath after a three-month gap (baby-induced). I'm going to cut out the chutter in my head and just breeeeeeeeeathe.


American Management Systems Inc. is buying R.M. Vredenburg & Co., a business and IT consulting company that specializes in defense and intelligence agencies.
AMS of Fairfax, Va., is paying about $42 million in cash. The deal also includes $2.7 million debt, up to $4 million in performance-based payments and $4.3 million in management retention agreements.
AMS is picking up about $60 million in additional annual revenue. About 90 percent of Vredenburg's 300 employees hold security clearances at the secret level or higher, with about 30 percent holding a top-secret clearance.


No results yet on .... When searching, please bear in mind that this search engine is quite literal. If there are no results, please check your spelling and try again. Alternatively, try looking in the blog recipes index or recipes from OUR kitchen.


text:
STEAM at Home +
Product Fun Zone!
Daily DIYs
Hack Along
Fast Forward Girls
Draw Her Life
Curiosity Camp
Introducing: Fast Forward Girls
Growing up, I knew I liked my math and science classes, but I didn't really know how that would apply to real life. I didn't see any women working in math fields, and all the female scientists I saw were on TV in dingy lab coats without any femininity or fun. I didn't know what kind of careers were out there for me. I didn't realize I could be a toy inventor thanks to my math skills until after college. Had I known this earlier, it would have totally changed my career path. This is part of the reason I started GoldieBlox: to show girls STEM is empowering at an early age, and how that power can change the world. But first, girls need to see a world where women are making waves with STEM.
Enter Fast Forward Girls.
Fast Forward Girls is our new YouTube series in partnership with the Lyda Hill Philanthropies and their If/Then Initiative. In each episode, an aspiring young maker will meet two women who are showing just how transformative STEM can be. She'll then choose which one will be her mentor for life. Some of the amazing mentors we have are an ice cream architect, a slime scientist, a conservationist using drones to stop poachers, an instrument designer, and plenty of other women using STEM in ways I definitely never thought possible as a kid. And, the girls we're featuring are girls your daughters will recognize from YouTube like Hayley and Annie LeBlanc, Karina Garcia, Shameless Maya, Little Froggy, and more!
Fast Forward Girls satisfies the glaring need for more programming that shows women in STEM in a positive light. The Geena Davis Institute reported that, of all the portrayals in media of people in STEM, 62.9% of them were men and 71.2% of the people portrayed were white. Emotionally, many of these characters were shown as unhappy with nearly 43% of STEM shown as sacrificing their personal life in order to work in STEM. Fast Forward Girls shows that STEM can lead to incredibly fun and fulfilling careers, and is welcoming to any girl who chooses to pursue it. It's the type of programming we are proud to be pioneering and we hope the success of the show will prove that while yes, many girls do love shows about princesses and ponies, they also love and deserve smart programming that both entertains and inspires.
We want girls to meet the women who followed their passion for STEM, and as a result are making the world better, while still totally loving what they do. Hopefully, no more girls will be sitting in math class wondering what all that geometry has to do with the real world; they'll be dreaming up they can use math to change the world.
Fast Forward Girls is a YouTube series in partnership with the If/Then Initiative from Lyda Hill Philanthropies. The first episode debuts Wednesday, July 24th Watch for new episodes on our YouTube channel every Wednesday. In the meantime, here's a sneak peek:
Debbie's Picks
Catch up on GoldieBlox & Netflix's 'We Can Be Heroes' Inspired Videos & Activities with Your Kids Today!
Join GoldieBlox and Microsoft for a Fun & Free Hour of Code Event with Nicole Laeno
Small Activities that Will Make a Big Impact on Giving Tuesday!
© GoldieBlox 2021
GBstudios


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Higher resting heart rate is linked to an increased risk of death
A higher than average resting heart rate can lead to an increased risk of death from all causes, according to…
'Silent' heart attacks are being missed by scans and affect more people than you think
According to research in the Journal of the American Medical Association, many people suffer 'silent heart attacks' which go unnoticed…
The hearts of men and women grow old in different ways
According to a study published in the journal Radiology, the main pumping chamber of the heart ages differently in men…
Intense exercise lasting just eight minutes can improve teenagers' health
Teenagers who exercise three times a week for between eight and ten minutes reduce their risk of developing heart conditions,…
Women who drink beer in moderation 'reduce their risk of a heart attack'
Women who drink moderate amounts of beer lower their risk of a heart attack by 30 per cent, according to…
People in Britain are living longer. What's the secret?
People in Britain are living five years longer on average than they were in 1990, according to Public Health England.…
Mark Greaves
A vitamin C pill may be just as helpful for your arteries as going for a walk
Taking vitamin C supplements can have some of the same cardiovascular benefits as exercise, according to research carried out by…
Fizzy drinks linked to heart attacks? Don't believe the headlines
A study by Japanese researchers, which claims that fizzy drinks are 'associated' with heart attacks, has generated the headlines it…
Why do only half of people who've survived a heart attack follow their doctor's advice?
The graphic below contains a surprising statistic. In a survey commissioned by AstraZeneca only half of people who had survived…
Study finds key factor behind kidney disease
According to research published in the journal Nature Communications, patients with higher levels of a certain protein are at greater…
'Health guidelines' are about forcing a change in the law, not changing behaviour
According to the Daily Mail, the NHS intends to 'slash safe drinking limits'. The article is light on evidence, but…
Matt Ridley talks to Hon Lik, inventor of the e-cigarette
Matt Ridley speaks to Hon Lik, the man who has allowed more than a million smokers in Britain to quit…
Sorry, but there's no real evidence that chocolate makes you healthier
Yesterday's newspapers were full of grand claims about the health benefits of eating chocolate. The Daily Mail called it a…
The hidden perils of dining out For many, eating out is associated with a treat. According to a new…
Spectator Health
This idiotic NHS 'calculator' can't predict heart attacks. But it might well give you one
I can understand why the Tories have ring-fenced the NHS, but if they do want to indulge in a little trimming I…
John Raffles
It's behind you
Call it what you want — spine, vertebral column, backbone or back — it's there to support us throughout out…
Dr Rob Hicks
HRT: The debate goes on
Since as early as the 1940s, women of a certain age have had the option of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)…
Max Pemberton
Magic bullet or massive missfire?
Forty years ago Henry Gadsden, chief executive of the drug company Merck, expressed his frustration that the potential market for…
Dr James Le Fanu
A world of choice
When you're feeling a bit below par there's nothing nicer than being tucked up at home, comfort foods and favourite…
Victoria Lambert
Fixing broken hearts
Let's face it, your heart is pretty important. Treat it right and your cardiac muscle will expand and contract more…
Sophia Martelli
The eye may be the window to the soul but the heart is the engine that keeps it blinking. It…


text:
Bathydrilus desbruyeresi is een ringworm uit de familie van de Naididae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1983 door Erséus.

Naididae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home About NIA Staff Listing Nalini RAGHAVACHARI
Nalini RAGHAVACHARI
Title: Health Scientist Administrator
Office(s): Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology (DGCG)
Email Address: nraghavachari@mail.nih.gov
Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D. joined NIA's Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology in 2013 as a program officer in the Clinical Gerontology Branch and is currently focusing on building research programs on the genetics of exceptional longevity, healthy aging, Omics in exceptional aging and translational genomics.
Dr. Raghavachari began her NIH career at the Clinical Center in 2003 as director of the Sickle Cell Genomics Program in the Critical Care Medicine Department. She then took up a dual appointment with the intramural division of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2005 as director of the Genomics Core Facility and served as an associate investigator in human genetic studies on vascular diseases, including the Framingham Heart Study, to identify disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic drug targets. Prior to joining NIH, Dr. Raghavachari worked as a senior research scientist in Corning Life Sciences, developing microarray-based genomic and proteomic tools and technologies. She has also worked as a senior drug development scientist for Procertus Biopharma Inc. in Madison, WI.
Dr. Raghavachari received her Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Madras, India. She performed post-doctoral training in the Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory in Las Cruces, NM, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, and Texas A& M University in College Station, focusing on cardiovascular genetics and genomics. She was later a NIH research fellow at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln studying thiol repair systems in senile cataractogenesis.
Research Interests/Portfolio
Exceptional healthy aging (including the application of "omics" and systems biology)
Genetic Epidemiology
Genetics of human longevity
Translational genomics
Harnessing artificial intelligence to explore exceptional longevity
In search of better biomarkers of aging
Translating genetic research to find new links to healthy aging


Guitar Art Festival has become the leading center for world premieres, concerts, as well as for the exchange of knowledge, practices and experiences among guitarists from around the world. We have created a distinctive concept of presentation of guitar music, values and modern tendencies. With such a concept of the festival, but also with the content that idealistically chose and built, we have succeeded in its original motive, to open a window into the world of high art of music to the world and to bring it back to Belgrade, which is world's center of guitar and music events in March of every year.
Guitar Art Festival, today enjoys the status of one of the five largest and most prominent international festivals of classical guitar in the world. After sixteen years of successful presentation of the most prominent names from the world of classical guitar, we are continuing the tradition and we are proud to introduce you to a program XVII Guitar Art Festival, which will be held from 8th to 13th March 2016 in Belgrade.


Communication is important in all aspects of life, but it is vitally important when your baby is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Families are under tremendous stress – stress that is magnified if you feel ill-equipped to understand the medically complex care your child needs. Fortunately, the NICU staff is there to help. With the right support every parent can learn to navigate the NICU and become strong, capable and informed advocates for their infants. By learning the skills you need to communicate clearly and effectively with your baby's care team, you will build strong relationships based on mutual respect and trust. Your baby will benefit from your advocacy, and these effective communication skills will serve you in other situations. The following tips are designed to assist you as you communicate with your baby's care team.
Be prepared to ask questions concerning your baby's care. Write down questions as you think of them. Ask what the medical jargon means and what the abbreviations the team uses so frequently mean. They know that a "H & H" refers to the specifics of the baby's blood work, but you may not. Ask about anything you do not understand and write down the answers. Often there is a great amount of information given, and it can be confusing. Keep a daily journal and write down important information. Be sure to write down the names of those caring for your infant.
Parents should expect the doctors and nurses to listen intently to their questions and answer them appropriately. As the baby's parent, it is your right to have your questions answered. However, it is also your responsibility to make sure that you understand what was said. A good way to do this is to ask the doctor or nurse if you can repeat back the answer you heard. The practice of repeating back the information given has prevented many communication misunderstandings in the NICU.
While the doctors and nurses provide the highly specialized care your baby may need, always remember that you, as parents, are the most important people in your baby's world. Be present at their bedside as much as is possible and learn all you can about their condition and care. Be a very visible part of his care team and insist on being part of any important decisions concerning your child's care. Your baby needs to feel your presence, and those providing medical care for your baby will accept you as a vital member of the team.
And expect respect in return. Be respectful of the rules and routines in the NICU. These rules and routines are based on best practice standards in the NICU, and they are in place to benefit your baby. Likewise, you should expect the respect of the NICU staff. When you make a request, it should be acknowledged with an appropriate response. As a NICU parent, you should never be ignored. Remember that you are the most important person in your baby's world. Also be respectful of the other families in the NICU. Their needs may be different from yours, but they also deserve respect while in the NICU.
As your baby's condition changes, be flexible. Infants' needs change continually, and the routine and care that worked yesterday may not work today. Be flexible and open-minded as your baby's care needs change. Remember that you are part of a larger NICU community of parents who are also called upon to be flexible.
You are entitled to your child's personal medical information, but most hospitals have policies covering looking at the chart while the baby is in the hospital. You can make requests to look at their chart any time, but it is always best to sit down and do it together with your baby's doctor. They will be able to help you understand what is in there and what it means. Looking at it together will open the lines of communication and build trust between you and the medical team. After your baby's discharge, you may obtain a copy of the medical record by requesting it through the hospital's Medical Records Department.
♥ Everything in your baby's chart will be recorded using the metric system.
Don't just point out problems. Be prepared to offer solutions. For example, if something has happened that you are concerned about, talk to the doctor, nurse practitioner, charge nurse or nurse. Explain your concern and give any suggestion you might have to make the situation better. Remember that you are your baby's advocate, and express your concerns and possible solutions for the sake of your baby. If you are concerned about your baby's nurse on a particular shift, talk to the charge nurse and express your concerns.
If there is a breakdown in communication follow the "chain of command" (as the nurses call it). Go up the ladder to the charge nurse, then the manager of the unit, and then the director of the unit. Explain the problem as rationally and non-judgmentally as possible and ask for help in re-establishing communication with those important in your baby's care.
Be patient with your baby, the medical team, and most of all yourself! As Kelli Kelly, mother of two preemies and founder of Hand to Hold, states, "A NICU stay is a marathon not a sprint." At times, improvement seems to come in tiny increments, and at other times, improvement may take a step backwards. Remember that the medical team is doing everything possible to help your baby improve and grow, but it takes time. As a participant in your baby's NICU marathon, rely on the strength and support of those around you and possibly establish new support networks within the NICU family. Remind yourself daily to be patient.
Being grateful is probably the last thing on your mind as you deal with the myriad of emotions involved in your baby's stay in the NICU. The situation you find yourself in is certainly not what you pictured for life after delivering this baby. At times it seems so unfair to everyone – to you, your spouse, the siblings, the extended family, and most of all, the baby! Acknowledge your feelings and talk to someone who is willing to really listen to you. This person might be an existing friend or family member, a peer support person who has been through an experience similar to your own, or a professional counselor. Talking about your feelings helps you come to terms with the situation and allows you to look for something, no matter how small, to be grateful for. Look for something each day to be grateful for – an improvement in your baby's condition, the explanation from the doctor, the caring touch of the nurse, or the friend who brought your family a meal. While difficult to adopt some days, the attitude of gratefulness will help you in this journey.
♥ Learn More about the Principles of Family-Centered Care.
And How it Can Change a Family's NICU Experience for the Better.
Please remember that you can always ask for help. Don't be afraid to enlist the support of your OB/GYN, primary nurse, social worker or any other medical professional for help. The NICU staff is there because they care about getting the best possible outcome for you and your baby. Let them help.


ASIA is torn in two. The Atlantic and Pacific oceans are swallowed. Where once there were beaches, great mountain ranges judder into the skies, fusing together a scatter of separate land masses into one mighty new supercontinent. Call it… Aurica.
That's what João Duarte calls it, anyway. A geoscientist at the University of Lisbon, Portugal, he has his own distinct vision of how Earth may look 250 million years from now. He joins a band of fortune tellers gazing into the distant future, all with different ideas about how and where the next supercontinent will form, and what cataclysms might strike along the way.
The answer will determine Earth's future climate and prospects for sustaining life. But getting it right requires grappling with a machine whose workings we still understand only imperfectly: that of plate tectonics.
Earth's surface is clad in rigid rock plates – together called the lithosphere – formed of surface crustal rock laminated on to hard cold mantle rocks. Given their rigidity, it is surprising that these plates don't simply lock together, unmoving. And indeed, until about 50 years ago geologists thought that Earth's land masses were fixed, despite German geophysicist Alfred Wegener having proposed the idea of continental drift in 1915.


NEW YORK • Last week, Sonia Rykiel, the French house owned by First Heritage Brands that has been undergoing something of a buzz renaissance under designer Julie de Libran, announced it was incorporating its more affordable Sonia by Sonia Rykiel line into its main one, the better to rationalise the brand image and message to customers.
Or, as Mr Jean-Marc Loubier, chief executive of First Heritage, said, to "refocus on one clear offering". There has been a lot of hoo-ha since the announcement, which also revealed that a significant portion of the company's employees were being laid off - 79 of 330 - and that some stores would close, as well as over what that might mean about the admittedly challenged state of the business.
But the decision to absorb the little sister collection into the core line may be even more meaningful as a reflection of a broader trend in fashion. After all, the Rykiel consolidation echoes that of Burberry, which announced last year that it was combining Burberry Prorsum, Burberry London and Burberry Brit into a single collection.
And that, in turn, echoed Marc Jacobs, which decided last year to stop creating and showing Marc by Marc Jacobs and instead make it all Marc Jacobs - not to mention the decision by LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton to suspend the Donna Karan main line and focus on DKNY, its contemporary sibling. All of them following the decision by Dolce & Gabbana in 2011 to stop producing a stand-alone D&G collection.
And it comes in the wake of an announcement this summer that Ralph Lauren would streamline its business to concentrate on three brands, as opposed to more than twice that number, as well as before the imminent debut collection of Raf Simons as chief creative officer at Calvin Klein, charged with uniting that brand's myriad lines under a single vision.
Vivienne Westwood and Paul Smith have also reduced their collection counts, the first folding her Red Label into the main line (Andreas Kronthaler for Vivienne Westwood) and the second combining smaller labels such as Paul Smith Men's, Paul Smith London, PS by Paul Smith and Paul Smith Jeans into two: Paul Smith and PS by Paul Smith.
The changes all add up to a major shift in how fashion is thinking about what consumers want and need. Instead of a lot of style stratification by price, now, it is all about one unified style point of view.
It is an acknowledgment that what makes one desire a piece of clothing, a bag or a pair of shoes - what we are looking for when one goes into a store or to a website - is less dictated by numbers than a clear identity in which one sees oneself. Only after that exists do the figures come into play.
But such consolidation is not cheap for the brands because of the restructuring involved. As Mr Luca Solca, head of luxury goods at Exane BNP Paribas, points out: "It is a good idea if you need to shore up exclusivity perception and reinforce brand desirability over the long term. But it often requires a major financial sacrifice." Which suggests that the brands themselves believe they are responding to a permanent shift in buying habits. Otherwise, the change would not be worth the effort.
So, while the moves towards fewer labels may partly have to do with long-term cost-cutting, they probably also have to do with a bet on even longer-term sales growth. In other words, this is not a fad.
There is still a smattering of names that believe in the older system of segregation.
Armani recently opened a major Emporio Armani store in Paris, reaffirming its commitment to that line. Max Mara still shows Sport Max on the Milan ready-to-wear schedule. But they are exceptions rather than the rule.


The PRESCHOOL-AGE PROGRAM is an after school activity for four, five and six-year-olds that includes art activities, sports, games and lots of fun. The program operates from 12:30 PM until 6:00 PM, Monday through Friday. Attendance is by registration only which is held in mid-April. There is a $50 registration fee and the cost is $595 per month.
The SCHOOL-AGE PROGRAM is an after school activity for children in first grade through fifth grade Monday through Friday. A substantial snack is included in the afternoon, and a time is set aside for those children with homework. Children must be picked up no later than 6:00 PM and attendance is by registration only which is held in mid-April. There is a $50 registration fee and the cost is $385 per month.


Reviews two books. "The Worker Speaks His Mind," by Theodore V. Purcell. "Toward a Democratic Work Process," by Fred H. Blum.
The article reviews the book "Blue Collar Man," by Theodore V. Purcell.
The article reviews the book "Blue Collar Man: Patterns of Dual Allegiance in Industry," by Theodore V. Purcell.
The article reviews the book "The Worker Speaks His Mind on Company and Union," by Theodore V. Purcell.
The article presents a review of the book "Blacks in the Industrial World: Issues for the Manger," by Theodore V. Purcell and Gerald F. Cavanagh.
Reviews the book "Blue Collar Man: Patterns of Dual Allegiance in Industry," by Theodore V. Purcell.
Reviews the book "Blacks in the Industrial World: Issues for the Manager," by Theodore V. Purcell and Gerald F. Cavanagh.
Reviews the book "Toward a Democratic Work Process: The Hormel-Packinghouse Worker's Experiment," by Fred H. Blum.
The article reviews several books including "Nigerian Modernization," by Ukandi G. Damachi, "I Have Changed," by Jesse Owens and "Blacks in the Industrial World," by Theodore V. Purcell and Gerald F. Cavannagh.


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Advancing the Search for Antibodies to Treat Alzheimer's Disease
By Brigham and Women's Hospital | July 31, 2018
Two new studies published by investigators from Brigham and Women's Hospital illustrate that not all forms of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein – the protein thought to initiate Alzheimer's disease – play an equally menacing role in the progress of the disease. Using a new way of preparing and extracting the protein as well as a new technique to search for promising drug candidates, researchers have highlighted the importance of testing and targeting different forms of Aβ. Their work may help advance the search for more precise and effective drugs to prevent or halt the progress of Alzheimer's disease.
"Many different efforts are currently underway to find treatments for Alzheimer's disease, and anti-Aβ antibodies are currently the furthest advanced. But the question remains: what are the most important forms of Aβ to target? Our study points to some interesting answers," said Dominic Walsh, a principal investigator in the Ann Romney Center.
Aβ protein can take forms ranging from monomers – single molecules – to twisted tangles of plaques that can pollute the brain and are large enough that they can be seen with a traditional microscope. Walsh compares monomers to single Lego bricks, which can start sticking together to form complex structures of varying sizes. The two recently published studies investigate how to find new potential therapeutics that can target the structures most likely to cause harm.
Most Alzheimer's disease studies use synthetic Aβ to approximate what conditions in the brain of an Alzheimer's patient might be like. A small number of researchers have used Aβ extracted from human brain, but the extraction process is crude. In a study published in Acta Neuropathologica in April, Walsh and colleagues developed a much gentler extraction protocol to prepare samples from subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The team found that Aβ was far more abundant in traditional crude extracts, but that the bulk of the extracted Aβ was innocuous. In contrast, much less Aβ was obtained with the gentler protocol, but in this case most of the Aβ was toxic.
In a second study published in Nature Communications in July, Walsh and colleagues developed a screening test to try to find potential drugs to target the toxic forms of Aβ. The new technique uses extracts of brain samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and live-cell imaging of stem-cell derived brain cells to find promising therapeutics. The team reports on 1C22, an Aβ antibody that they found could protect against toxic forms of amyloid-beta more effectively than the most clinically advanced Alzheimer's disease therapeutics currently in clinical trials.
"We anticipate that this primary screening technique will be useful in the search to identify more potent anti-Aβ therapeutics in the future," said Walsh.
Funding for the study appearing in Acta Neuropathologica was provided by the National Institutes of Health (AG046275), Bright Focus, and by the Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (AG05134). Funding for the study appearing in Nature Communications was provided by the National Institute on Aging (AG046275, AG006173 and AG015379), Health Research Board Ireland (Grant RP/2008/30) and Bright Focus.
SOURCE: Brigham and Women's Hospital


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Many players are involved throughout the disaster management cycle. National space agencies, via the United Nations (UN) Charter on Space and Major Disasters, along with satellite operators and rapid-mapping centers provide images to disaster-stricken countries, rescue teams, and aid agencies. GNSS operators provide navigation data signals, while manufacturers of GNSS receivers provide reliable equipment for disaster management activities. SATCOM operators ensure that satellite communications are available by freeing up transponder channels over an area in need, and manufacturers of SATCOM devices offer many options for disaster management ground personnel.
It should be noted that the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) has established the UN Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) which oversees and assists nations affected by disasters to obtain various kinds of space-based information, regardless of whether or not they have their own space capabilities.
"In its resolution 61/110 of 14 December 2006 the United Nations General Assembly agreed to establish the "United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response - UN-SPIDER" as a new United Nations programme, with the following mission statement: "Ensure that all countries and international and regional organizations have access to and develop the capacity to use all types of space-based information to support the full disaster management cycle.
Whereas there have been a number of initiatives in recent years that have contributed to making space technologies available for humanitarian and emergency response, UN-SPIDER is the first to focus on the need to ensure access to and use of such solutions during all phases of the disaster management cycle, including the risk reduction phase, which will significantly contribute to reducing the loss of lives and property.
The UN-SPIDER programme is achieving this by being a gateway to space information for disaster management support, by serving as a bridge to connect the disaster management and space communities and by being a facilitator of capacity-building and institutional strengthening, in particular for developing countries.
UN-SPIDER is being implemented as an open network of providers of space-based solutions to support disaster management activities. Besides Vienna (where UNOOSA is located), the programme also has an office in Bonn, Germany and will have an office in Beijing, China. Additionally, a network of Regional Support Offices multiplies the work of UN-SPIDER in the respective regions." Source
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