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Growth, Sustainability 20 December 2021
The future of value generation in the CPG industry: Understanding new forms of economic activity
The CPG industry has been essential for economic growth. With change comes a new source of value generation. Introducing our take on the future of value generation for the generations to come.
The CPG industry has been instrumental for economic growth. Big multinational companies have contributed immensely to the global economy, by producing and effectively distributing goods to a broad number of consumers. In the USA, for instance, the CPG industry contributes $2 trillion to domestic GDP, supporting 1 out of 10 American jobs and being the largest employer in the country.
The main value generator has traditionally been the ability to increase affordability and accessibility to goods and this has been achieved mostly through a leverage of scale, first at a sourcing and manufacturing level and then also at a distribution and marketing level. The economy of scale will continue to play a major role in the future, but we can see a progressive shift of value generation into new relevant areas that will shape the long-term evolution of the CPG industry.
The future of value generation
The way that value will be generated in the future will shift, as a result of the ongoing changes to the world around us. The CPG industry has an opportunity to start thinking about the nature of this change, and how future value can be generated in the face of new economic activity. There are three areas that we can see that will help shape future economic growth.
The Prevention Economy
If there's one thing the pandemic has taught us, it's the value of planning ahead. Prevention is a requirement when it comes to healthy economic activity – and healthy, full lives as human beings broadly speaking. We not only expect to live longer, but also in good conditions. A culture of prevention is therefore expected to become all the more pervasive, as the pandemic highlights the value of controlling risk. The Preventative Economy, therefore, will help consumers anticipate problems and increase the feeling of control over their own destiny.
Looking at projected health care spending, there is a shift from Caring and Treatment to improving Health and Wellbeing, in line with anticipated changes in consumer expectations. Large CPG companies will be able to leverage this consumer expectation by focusing on their capacity to demonstrate and provide strong preventative benefits, impacting consumer lives.
Over the next 20 years a major shift is expected in Health Care spending from Curative to Preventative
Companies and brands attempting to meet consumer expectations have already begun developing statements showing their commitment to increased preventative benefits. Take this example:
"At Danone Nutricia Research, we study the effects of nutrition on immune health for people with altered nutritional needs and/or age-related changes."
– Danone Nutricia website
In 2020, for instance, Unilever reported a sales spike in beverages that contain zinc and Vitamin C, such as the Lipton Immune Support tea. The company is therefore rolling out similar products worldwide, aligning its innovation priorities with the emerging health and wellness concerns of consumers.
The Social Contribution Economy
It's not new that consumers have increasingly expected a social contribution from brands and companies, and this has only been further boosted by the pandemic. This seems to directly correlate with the diminishing trust in political institutions. Despite the supposed disconnection that accompanies new technological means of communication, consumers are interested in the people behind the brands they engage with – after all, companies are made up of people, and are seen as an integral part of society.
In a Sprout Social survey, 72% of respondents stated that they expect brands to "be positive contributors to society". This may well manifest through products and services, or indeed through direct interventions beyond the brand's core activities. Expectations of brand social contributions are increasing. We can already see the relationship between there being a strong purpose driving a brand and its growth and profitability:
High Purpose companies have delivered stronger, more resilient revenue growth
Revenue growth: High vs. low purpose (Q4 2019 – Q4 2020)
104 global brands reviewed across 13 purpose score factors
Revenue growth advantage: High vs. low purpose (Q4 2019 – Q4 2020)
High Purpose companies have delivered stronger, more resilient profitability
Operating margin: High vs. low purpose (Q4 2019 – Q4 2020)
OPerating margin advantage: High vs. low purpose (Q4 2019 – Q4 2020)
This attitude towards companies produces consistent financial value, as several studies are proving. The Social Contribution Economy has the possibility of generating consistent value and growth for many years.
The Regenerative Economy
Finally, we have the Regenerative Economy. This begins with increasing the awareness of citizens and institutions on the dramatic impact of climate change, and its associated social inequalities. We are already seeing the impact of these on the lives of many, with rising temperatures, weather disasters, as well as climate-driven immigration and poverty.
We're particularly aware that it will not be possible to simply avoid 'damaging' the climate – there is also a need now to do more that is proactive, rather than simply undoing previous damage, to bring things back on track. Technology and science will be fundamental tools to achieve this.
"Transforming the way we live could even be made possible by turning carbon dioxide into a resource – by exploring innovative technologies that convert it into energy, breaking the cycle of greenhouse gas pollution."
– Henkel website
The Regenerative Economy is based on products and services that not only have zero impact, but that provide a positive impact. Take the example proposed on the Henkel website in the quote above – utilizing carbon in an innovative fashion may be just one way to determine innovative solutions that turn a negative impact into a positive.
"With our long-standing partnerships with farming communities globally, we want to increase our support for farming practices that are good for the environment and good for people."
– Mark Schneider, Nestle CEO
We have seen how big CPG companies are starting to use the word "regenerative" to describe initiatives for their external communications, applying this to their future ambitions and activities overall.
From Unilever's commitment to regenerative projects
While regeneration starts to become a term of interest, we can see how products that may utilize CO2 as an ingredient, as well as products that are produced with regenerative agricultural practices in their supply chain, may assist in bringing this concept of the regenerative economy to life. Take Coty and LanzaTech as other examples – by introducing a high-purity and sustainable ethanol solution sourced from industrial carbon emission (including carbon monoxide and CO2 produced in steel manufacturing), they have been able to introduce this into some of Coty's fragrance lines. Sustainable ethanol brings this concept into reality.
Additionally, Unilever partnered with LanzaTech and India Glycols to produce a surfactant made from industrial carbon emissions instead of fossil fuels. With no additional cost to consumer, the surfactant will be used in an OMO (Persil) laundry capsule and was launched in China on World Earth Day.
Beyond capitalism as we know it
While we anticipate these three emerging economies, we still must address the fourth: our current, well-established form of capitalism. Since the 1970s, labor remuneration and general productivity have increasingly lost correlation. Capital has a much higher remuneration than labor, and this is the origin point of rising inequalities. We see economic power alongside a concentration of wealth as a result. This limits the potential of these three economic forms developing.
With strong capital remuneration, the abilities of new economies to produce value is limited, as it limits the speed of demand generation. Addressing this will require a coordinated international effort, as single countries may have limited capacity for major interventions. However, companies continue to have the opportunity to think ahead – demonstrating innovative actions in the direction of these three areas will future proof the work of the biggest players. All actions in this direction will assist us in where we need to go.
This is the first in our series on the future of value generation. In our next piece, we will dive deeper into the Regenerative Economy – what this means, its implications for the CPG industry and what companies are already doing.
Sprout Social, 2021 survey of 1,013 US consumers, November 2018 https://sproutsocial.com/insights/data/social-media-connection/
GMA, Grocery Manufacturers Association, 2019, IFT, https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/news/2019/august/07/cpg-industry-contributes-$2-trillion-to-us-gdp
Growth 21 March 2018
Brand Penetration: Why Winning Brands Are About Winning The Popularity Contest
Note: This is from our old blog and is no longer being updated. It was originally published in 2018. For... View Article
CPG Trends, Sustainability 29 October 2021
Our October Roundup: The latest in CPG industry news
If you're curious about the latest in CPG-related news, we have you covered. Discover what you might have missed in the month of October.


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Tag Archives: Glaciology
Climate, Glaciology, Photography, Travel
North to Alaska
Gallery August 25, 2014 Noel Fitzpatrick 10 Comments
At the beginning of August, I was fortunate enough to take part in the International Glaciology Summer School, in beautiful Alaska. The school is run every two years, directed by Regine Hock of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and brings together students and instructors from all over the world. Based in the Wrangell mountains, in the old mining village of McCarthy, the school provides an opportunity to learn from experts in a range of fields within glaciology, and perhaps more importantly, provides a platform to engage with and get to know others embarking on research in the science. The 10 days of the course were some of the most enjoyable of my academic career, and I left inspired by the enthusiasm and curiosity of my peers.
Below are images from some of the activities that took place outside of the classroom (click on images to enlarge).
Hitting the road from Fairbanks to McCarthy, and aiming for the mountains.
The drive to McCarthy took 11 hours, but it was broken up with regular stops.
The Trans-Alaska pipeline crosses the entire state, north to south, from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, stretching over 1,200km.
Not a popular decision. In reality, the salmon at this point have traveled so far inland from the sea (to reach spawning grounds) that they have lost much of their mass, and are not suitable for consumption.
Hanging out under bridges.
Home for the next 10 days
McCarthy's old hardware store, now operated as the Wrangle Mountain Center, was our base for the summer school.
Tools of the trade. An unconventional poster session.
Friday night softball in McCarthy.
Passing Kennicott mill, where ore from the surrounding copper mines was processed in the early 1900s.
Mike in action. The expanse of what looks like gravel in the background is actually the lower reaches of the Kennicott glacier; the ridges are composed predominately of ice, coated with a thin layer of debris. The material comes from the lateral moraines of numerous tributary glaciers that have merged with the main trunk of the Kennicott, higher up the valley.
Footprint of a moulin. Debris carried downwards by water is deposited at the bottom of the moulin. When the overlying snow and ice melts (and the moulin collapses), the ice covered by this material melts slower than the surrounding exposed ice, resulting in these ridges.
Glaciologists in their natural environment.
Holding court
Descending into a temporarily empty lake basin. This lake, along the margin of the Root glacier, can fill or drain in a day; the water flowing through subglacial channels.
What lies beneath a glacier?
The blue room. I spent longer crouched in a subglacial river than is probably recommended, but it was a hard place to leave.
Having seen all there is to see on the surface of a glacier, Colin decides to check out a moulin (not really; don't do this).
Outlets were a commodity when power was available.
A group of us took advantage of the landing strip in McCarthy, and arranged a flight over the surrounding glaciers and mountains.
The debris covered terminus of the Kennicott glacier. The village of Kennicott can be seen along the right margin.
Further up the Kennicott, medial moraines are visible as dark bands on the surface, and are formed by the merging of several tributary glaciers (and their lateral moraines).
Medial moraines and incredibly blue melt water pools.
Glacial ogives.
Rock glacier.
Trail run up to the old Bonanza copper mine, in the mountains above McCarthy (phone pictures).
A very fuzzy picture of a black bear encountered during the run.
Fire and ice.
Obligatory moose, with calf (I was driving at the time).
AlaskaClimateFeaturedGlaciersGlaciologyMcCarthyPhotography
Climate, Glaciology, Mountaineering, Photography
Notes from Nordic
August 21, 2014 Noel Fitzpatrick 14 Comments
The winter snowpack was still hiding crevasses. Where it had melted, large swaths of cracked and yawning ice had been exposed, hinting at what may lie beneath the snow cover.
One day earlier, July 8th, Valentina Radic and I had left Vancouver, aiming for the town of Golden, near British Columbia's eastern border. Our route brought us on a nine hour drive, passing from the Coastal Mountains, through the vast Interior Plateau, and into the Selkirk range near the edge of the Rockies.
Golden was to be the staging point for this summer's field campaign. The plan was to install a weather and glacier monitoring station on Nordic Glacier. The station was to observe the melt rate of the surface of the glacier, and to record any meteorological varibles that may affect melting (see The Project).
Nordic was selected as its meltwater drains into the Columbia river. This is the largest river in the the Pacific Northwest, and the forth largest in the United States. It stretches for 2,000km, through BC and seven US states, with a drainage basin the size of France. Its waters are used for irrigation and hydroelectric power production, with 14 dams on the main stem, and more on its tributaries. I had encountered the Columbia before, but much further downstream in the state of Washington, while rock climbing (see Vantage Point).
On arriving in Golden, we drove straight to the home of our hosts for the night, Tannis and Steve. When initially planning this trip, we had intended to camp once we got into the mountains, but Tannis and Steve kindly offered us the use of their backcounty ski lodge (Sorcerer Lodge) which is located in the same valley as Nordic. Operating in the area for over twenty years, they have seen firsthand the changes undergone by the glacier. It was inspiring to see the interest and enthusiasm (and knowledge) that they showed for the project, and was a reminder that this research wasn't just an academic exercise. Joining us in Golden were Brian Menounus and Federico Ponce, two researchers from the University of Northern British Columbia. With our team of four assembled, we stocked up on some soon to be burned calories (with excellent burgers in Golden), and bedded down for an early departure.
Line of action. Morning of departure for the mountains, with Steve (pictured) assisting with the logistics of the helicopter transport. (Click on images to expand)
Loading the helicopter.
Ascending the valley towards the mountains.
Our flight to the glacier the following morning went smoothly, with Steve lending us his experience with helicopter transports. Valentina and I went in on the first run to scan for a suitable site for the station, and to get dropped off on the glacier with the main equipment for the station. Brian and Federico were to travel in on the second run to bring equipment to the lodge.
After several months of looking at Nordic in photographs and maps, seeing it grow larger through the window of the helicopter, I felt excited and nervous. As we drew closer however, I was concerned to see the extent of the snow cover in the area we had been planning to deploy. Working on a 'dry' section of a glacier (where there is no snow) has the major advantage of being able to see the location of the crevasses. Not only is this much safer, it allows you to move and work more efficiently, as precautions such as being roped together are not necessary. We had hoped that the winter snow pack would have melted from our site by the time we arrived, but it appeared that, for this season, we were a little early.
Initial fly over of the glacier to select a suitable site. It became apparent at this point that there was still significant snow cover.
We landed on the glacier, and unloaded our equipment with the engines still running. As soon as we were clear of the downwash from the departing helicopter, we roped up and started surveying the area for the flattest spot for our station, probing the snow as we moved to check for crevasses. After the helicopter returned to deposit the larger pieces of equipment, we flew down as far as the lodge to meet with Brian and Federico. With conditions the way they were, we decided we would hike up to the glacier together, and find the safest route to the site.
Traversing the moraine at the beginning of the hike to the glacier. Smoke from forest fires further down the valley can be seen hanging in the background.
Nordic Glacier. After descending the moraine, our route crossed the river, and followed the base of the mountain on the left side of the image as far as the patch of rust coloured rock to the left of the upper lake. This marks the beginning of the 'Wedding Band', which we ascended up to the left to gain access on to the glacier.
Each day, our hike to the glacier would begin with crossing the lateral moraine that separated the lodge from the main valley. From there, we would descend and traverse the valley to the other side, crossing the river to do so. The river crossing was a glacier monitoring exercise in itself. As the river's source is the melt water draining from the glacier, there was a distinct daily pattern in the strength and level of the flow. In the morning, when there had been little melting during the colder night temperatures, the water level would be well below my knee. Returning in the evening, after a day of warm temperatures and sunshine, the flow would be much stronger, pulling at already tired legs. As you'd imagine, the water was pretty cold, and it was incredible to feel how quickly your heat could be drained away.
Approaching the crossing. The river is fed directly by melt water from the glacier, meaning its temperature is very cold, and its flow varies greatly with the time of day.
Rock Ptarmigan. I came across quite a few of these, usually only noticing them when I was within a couple of meters, and they would burst from behind a rock , freaking me and themselves out.
The Wedding Band.
Ascending alongside the glacier, significant crevasses were visible in the ice where the snow cover had melted.
Setting out on the glacier towards the site where we had deposited our equipment by helicopter.
Probing for crevasses on the snow covered sections of the glacier (Photo by Valentina Radic).
Installing the station came together relatively quickly. Although the glacier is a very different working environment to the lab or test field, I really felt the benefit of all the trial runs and lab assemblies. The station was constructed, wired, and operating after one, albeit long day, and it was fantastic to have the additional manpower of Brian and Federico, who obliged me with some serious ice drilling. A second day was spent testing to see how the data and power system was performing, and also securing the various components of the station in preparation for two months on the side of a mountain.
A combination of steam drilling (above) and augering (below) was used to bore holes into the ice for mounting some of the sensors.
Mounting and wiring the sensors on the main 'quadpod' (Photo by Federico Ponce).
The completed station, looking northwest. The solar panel can be seen in the left background, which recharges the batteries housed in the yellow case. The rain gauge and the snow/ice level monitor mast is behind the main station. The blue tarp contains the tools and equipment used for the installation, and will be left secured on the glacier until the station is dismantled.
A camera for monitoring the glacier and the station over the season (see A Camera For all Seasons) was installed to the south, with its view similar to the previous image.
The weather during our field work was relatively warm and sunny, and we would notice a significant difference in the surface of the glacier between ascending in the morning and descending in the evening. Crevasses and meltwater streams were appearing as the summer melt season kicked in.
Mohammed Ali once said, 'it isn't the mountains ahead to climb that wear you out; it's the pebble in your shoe.' In this case, it was the mosquito inside your mosquito net. We carried out our field work during the buggiest few days of a particularly buggy season, and these mosquitoes couldn't believe their luck when they saw us coming. I've spent time in the Amazon jungle, and this was comparable. Once on the ice however, the buzzing clouds would disappear, and we could work in peace.
My buzzing hat. The locals were out in force to welcome us (Photo by Federico Ponce).
Each evening, with duties on the glacier finished, we would begin our return hike back to the lodge. Despite being tired, this was always my favourite part of the day. No longer focusing on tasks that needed to be done, I could better appreciate the surroundings, particularly in the hour around sunset when everything would be painted gold and blue. To work in such an environment is a privilege, and time needed to be taken to set aside concerns and stresses, and simply take note of where we were.
Sunset on Nordic mountain.
Emerging stars.
On the morning of departure, we flew over the glacier to get our last view of the station for the next two months. I will return at the beginning of September to see how well it survived, to dismantle and transport it back to Vancouver, and to start working on what its data can tell us.
The station through a telephoto lens, as seen from the lodge on the morning of departure.
Flying over the moraine.
Station from above as we flew out.
Passing through the Selkirk range (images above and below) on the flight back to golden.
Returning to base.
We tackled the drive back to Vancouver on the day we flew down, utilising several food/coffee/ice cream stops to keep sleep and the 35°C of the Interior Plateau at bay. Arriving back to the city, I was tired but content that the work had gone well, and looking forward to taking it easy for a few days before preparing for my next trip (Alaska). Calling into the lab to drop off a couple of items before going home, I was greeted by a delivery of 4 large boxes; the starting components for next year's stations. It was time to get some sleep.
The beginnings of next year's field campaign.
Up Next: I've just returned from a glaciology summer school in Alaska; photo-journal coming in the next couple of days.
BCClimateGlaciersGlaciologyGoldenMountainsPhotographyResearch
Climate, Glaciology, Travel
July 8, 2014 Noel Fitzpatrick 3 Comments
It's finally time to head to the hills.
Since I arrived in Canada six months ago, the majority of my focus has been geared towards the next 8 days. Early tomorrow morning, we leave Vancouver, and aim towards Nordic Mountain. We will first travel to the town of Golden, where we will stay over night, and then load up the helicopter for the flight to the glacier.
Report to follow.
Large items were shipped out in advance last week.
The lab, earlier today.
My own bags, ready for an early morning departure.
ClimateGlaciersGlaciology
Glaciology, Photography
A Camera for All Seasons
July 3, 2014 Noel Fitzpatrick 10 Comments
As part of my upcoming glacier field work, it was decided that a camera would be a useful addition to the station, which will be installed and left unmanned for 2-3 months (see The Project) . The camera will be used to take pictures of the station and the surrounding site, so that I'll have a record of what was happening throughout the study period. So, as an example, I can look at the pictures from a period with some interesting data and see what the weather was like, or as another example, what type of bear it was that destroyed my equipment.
The following is a DIY post on building a type of 'nature' camera. If anyone is actually interested in building something like this and requires more information, feel free to contact me.
Having priced commercially available units at round $2,500, and not being overly impressed with the camera hardware being used, I decided to build my own rig. My design was strongly influenced by that of another rig built by a researcher in my department, Camilo Rada. Here is the basic outline:
Use a good quality DSLR camera (I'm using a Canon T3i).
Use a high capacity battery that will supply sufficient power to the camera to operate over several months.
Use a timer to control when power is supplied to the camera and when and how often pictures are taken.
House everything in a weatherproof container.
Collection of the main components used, including a Pelican case, Canon DSLR (T3i), camera battery with dc cable input, high capacity (10Ah) battery, DC timer switch, 2.5mm stereo plug, various connectors and wires. The cost of all materials came in a little under CAD$1000.
The most important component of the build is the power system. I replaced the standard camera battery with a commercially available battery adapter, which is normally used to power a camera directly from a mains socket. I wired this adapter into a DC timer, which is essentially a switch which opens and closes the power circuit at user defined times. The other end of the timer was then wired to a high capacity (10 Ah) 7.4V lithium polymer battery, originally designed for use in remote controlled aircraft.
Adapted camera battery pack. This will be connected, through a timer, to a higher capacity battery.
The timer (bottom right) is wired between the camera battery (on left) and the larger battery (below). It can be programmed to allow power to flow to the camera at specific times.
As the camera will be left to operate by itself, an automatic way of firing the shutter (taking the picture) is needed. I modified a standard 2.5mm stereo plug by shorting the outer contact (outer ring) with the inner contact (inner ring)by removing the black plastic cover and soldering the corresponding connectors together (and removing the middle connector). This plug is then inserted into the remote control port of the camera, and tells the camera that the shutter trigger is being pressed.
Testing which connectors need to be shorted to fire the shutter.
The timer is programmed to allow power through to the camera from the battery at set intervals, and the power switch on the camera itself is set to on. When power reaches the camera at the set times, the modified plug tells the camera that the shutter button is being pressed, and a picture is taken. After a minute, the timer shuts off power supply until the next programmed time. As for the camera settings, the mode is set to automatic (Program or P in the case of this model) so that the aperture and shutter speed will be selected automatically by the camera to suit the light conditions. The camera should be focused by the user during set up to suit the required view, and then the focus should be set to manual to prevent the camera from changing the focus during operation.
Testing the power and timer set up.
In order to weatherproof the camera rig, and keep it protected, I housed the equipment in a Pelican case. Firstly, I cut foam to fit the various components so that they are held securely in place. As a camera will not work very well in a completely opaque box, I created a window. I cut out a section of the side wall, using a drill and knife initially for the rough cut, and then a file to smooth the edges. I fitted a piece of clear acrylic for the window; I chose transparent acrylic rather than glass as it is easier to cut and is less likely to scratch or break . I bought acrylic that had a protective removable plastic covering (like cling film) which I left on until the end of building so as to avoided scratches. Basically, I treated the window like I would a lens. I used a silicone glue to attach the acrylic to the box, and left it to cure for 24 hours.
Pelican case, with foam cut out to fit camera etc.
Won't be able to see much through that.
Completed camera rig
I test ran the camera on the roof of the Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Department here at UBC over the course of a few days, and it performed well. At the glacier, I will install the camera box in an additional wooden shelter (which I'm currently building), in order to keep it in a steady position, and to provide additional protection from anything that might damage or obscure the window. It will be set up to take images every three hours, and will hopefully provide reference and context for our data.
Testing on the roof of my department at UBC.
Daytime image from test run of camera, looking east from UBC.
Nighttime image from test run.
Update (July 4th 2014):
Yesterday, I built the aforementioned wooden shelter for the camera. This will act as a mount for the camera, protect the window from damage, dirt, and droplet build up, and reduce excessive heating from the sun. It was constructed using two 1″x8″x8′ pieces of cedar, some U-bolts, and assorted screws. I'm not a carpenter, and this was just a design that I thought up to solve a problem; there are probably far more elegant solutions! Below are some images from the build.
White paint will help reflect sunlight (reduce heating), and protect the wood.
CameraDIYGlaciologyPhotographyTime Lapse
Climate, Glaciology
April 22, 2014 Noel Fitzpatrick 14 Comments
So a brief explanation as to why I'm here is required.
I've come to Vancouver to start a research project examining the relationships between the atmosphere and glaciers. I had been working as a research meteorologist for Met Éireann (Irish national weather service), when the opportunity arose to take up a PhD in Atmospheric Sciences at the University of British Columbia (UBC).
Evening view looking north over UBC, Vancouver.
The Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, UBC (snowfall is actually a relatively rare occurrence in urban Vancouver).
In a nutshell, my project aims to examine all the ways in which energy enters and exits the surface of a glacier, and how the balance between incoming and outgoing energy affects the melting or cooling of a glacier's snow and ice. On a broader scale, my hope is to put this work towards improving our understanding of how glaciers will respond to changes in our climate. The initial plan is to install a weather station on a glacier in the Selkirk mountains in British Columbia, beginning this summer.
So, what's required for the design?
The station needs to have sensors to measure each of the variables relevant to glacier energy balance. These include air temperature and humidity, radiation (for example, the incoming energy from sunlight), wind speed, and the transfer of heat and moisture by local air currents or 'eddies'.
It needs to be robust and reliable enough to operate in a remote mountain environment, unsupervised for several months.
It needs to have its own independent power source.
Initial design and set up stage. Despite extensive testing, no interesting weather was detected in the lab.
The first step was to assemble and test all of the individual components in the lab, and to set up a method to automatically record and save the measurements made by each sensor. The lab is where you want to make your mistakes, and where you want things to go wrong. The more problems that present themselves in the warm, dry lab, the fewer that will come as a surprise when you're struggling with cold fingers on the side of a mountain, or worse, when you're already hundreds of kilometers away, oblivious to the fact that your PhD is falling into a metaphorical or very literal crevasse.
With things up and running in the lab, thoughts turned to how all the components will be brought together and mounted on the glacier, and on how to reliably power the station in such a remote setting. The plan is to rig the sensors on to a wide, stable tripod, with power provided from two marine batteries (like rugged car batteries for boats). The batteries will be recharged using a solar panel mounted nearby.
From sketches, to nuts and bolts.
A test rig has been put together, and is now running at an outdoor site on campus. The main issues I'll be keeping an eye on during this test include insuring the system records all the data it's supposed to, when it's supposed to, that the data makes sense and the sensors aren't interfering with each other, and that a few cloudy days don't cause my power system to flat line. Below are some images of the sensors I'm using and what they are for. For anyone interested, I intend to go into a little more detail on the science behind the project in future posts. I'm no expert though, so it should all be fairly readable!
Above and below views of the four component radiometer. This sensor measures incoming short and long wave radiation (from the sun, clouds etc) using the two instruments on top, and also outgoing short and long wave radiation reflected or emitted by the glacier using the bottom facing instruments. The balance of incoming and outgoing radiation is one of the most important controls of glacier surface energy.
The sensors for measuring air temperature and humidity are housed in beehive-like enclosures known as radiation shields. These white shields protect the sensors from direct heating by the sun or excessive cooling at night (which would cause inaccurate readings), while still allowing the air to flow past the sensor and be measured.
The snow depth sensor (also known as a sonic ranger) measures the time it takes for a sound wave to travel from the sensor down to the surface and back. Changes in the length of time taken equate to changes in the height of the snow/ice surface. In this study, it will be used to measure the rate of surface melting on the glacier, and it will be mounted on a separate fixed mast to the other sensors.
The wind sensor measures wind speed by the rate at which the propeller at the front is rotated by the wind, and the wind direction by which way the wind turns the sensor (it is designed so that the propeller end will always turn to face the direction of the oncoming wind).
This is a combined sensor which measures both the movement of air (wind), and its water content. The two claw-like structures make up the wind sensor, which is known as a 3D sonic anemometer. It measures wind speed or air movement in three dimensions. The two lenses in between this sensor make up the gas analyser, which uses an infrared beam to estimate the water content of the air flowing past. This sensor will be used to observe the the air currents or eddies which can transport heat and water to and from a glacier surface. These measurements are one of the more unique aspects of this project, know as the eddy covariance technique, and will be explained in greater detail in future posts.
The brains of the operation: the data logger (top right) has been programmed to communicate with each sensor, telling it how and when to take measurements, and saving the data produced. The white box to its left controls how power from the solar panel (below) recharges the batteries.
All going to plan, we will travel to the glacier and install the weather station this July. There will be some modifications and additions leading up to this, including a new custom made 4 legged 'tripod' (quadpod?), and a timelapse camera system which I will be building in the meantime. Many more hours in the lab and office will be required to get everything ready, but from this campus, reminders for why we are doing this are never far away.
Looking north from UBC campus towards the peaks of Tetrahedron Provincial Park.
ClimateGlaciology

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Breathitt – Jenkins Preview
Fletcher Long
photo by Brendon D. Miller - Bluegrass Sports Nation
Scouting the Cavaliers
August 23, 2019 – Fletcher Long – Bluegrass Sports Nation
This Friday night the Bobcats of Breathitt County travel to Jenkins, Kentucky for its opener against the Class 1A Jenkins Cavaliers. We intend to break down each game in advance and give a replay (if you will) of what the Bobcats did the last time it took the field. We don't have a look back prepared, as this is the opener. However, let's look forward to Friday night's opponent.
The Bobcats will definitely be heavily favored. The CalPreps.com computer algorithm currently ranks Jenkins as the lowest team in the Commonwealth. In 10 games in 2018, the Cavaliers scored 86 points, allowing 492. The team gained 210 yards from scrimmage rushing in 2018 while throwing for 123-yards.
The good news is there are some productive players returning in 2019 a year older and a year more experienced. For starters, QB John Fleming returns. Fleming was, in addition to leading the aerial assault, the team's second leading ground gainer in 2018. Should Fleming not be able to go for any reason, Lance Bentley can slide over and do a credible job as he demonstrated when called upon last season.
Jordan Bates is a huge loss from the roster. Bates led the team in 2018 with 666 rushing yards from scrimmage and a rushing TD to go along with his 14 receptions for 385 yards receiving and 4 TD receptions. This one player was 5 of the team's 11 TDs scored, and individually exceeded the team's rushing total (666 to 492 net yards rushing as a team), and accounted for 385 receiving yards where the entire team only netted 123 yards receiving.
Defensively, the Cavaliers return Luis Thacker and that is a really good thing. Over the course of his sophomore season in 2018, Thacker (No. 24) tallied 80 stops. Bates was the second leading tackler a year ago. Fleming, the QB, was the team's second leading tackler and he is returning as we above noted with Noah Anderson also returning to the 2019 roster. Anderson, No. 60, is a standout lineman on the team on either side of the football.
The kicking duties appear to fall this season to Jebidiah Keel. Keel, No. 78, handles the punting duties and we would assume he would place-kick too though the Cavaliers neither attempted nor converted a single PAT or field-goal in 2018.
The bottom line is the Bobcats will be a load for this Cavalier team to handle. Due to shortages in manpower, the game will be played as 8 on 8.
If you can not make it to Jenkins on Friday Night, you can see the game streamed live on the BSN Facebook page. BSN will begin its regular webcasts of the game next week with the South Laurel matchup. The Jenkins stream will be simply showing the action and score.
Related TopicsBreathitt County FootballHigh School Football
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Berlin/Milan, April 11, 2019 – Based on the hit animated Nickelodeon show produced by Spin Master Entertainment, PAW Patrol Live! is coming to Germany and Austria for the first time. The brand new tour brings everyone's favorite pups to the stage for an action-packed, high-energy, musical adventure.
Featuring a cast of the popular PAW Patrol characters and presented by Nickelodeon, Super RTL and FKP Scorpio, the PAW Patrol Live! Show proves that "No job is too big, No pup is too small," and shares lessons for all ages about citizenship, social skills and problem solving as the pups each use their unique skills and teamwork to accomplish their mission. The show engages audiences with Bunraku puppetry, an innovative costuming approach that brings the PAW Patrol characters to life on stage, complete with their vehicles and packs.
"We are thrilled to partner with FKP Scorpio and Life Like Touring to bring PAW Patrol Live! to families in Germany and Austria for the first time. This unique stage production promises adventure at every turn, as the audience works together with the cast to help our heroic pups save the day," said Steffen Kottkamp, Brand Director for Nickelodeon in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
"This is a great opportunity to combine our deep experience in the live entertainment industry with such a successful brand like PAW Patrol, which will become another highlight within our portfolio. We are certain, that PAW Patrol Live! will be a success, much like the TV show, and that children, their parents and grandparents will be completely thrilled by this production next spring. We are looking forward to working with Nickelodeon, Life Like Touring and all the other PAW Patrol partners," added Folkert Koopmans, CEO of FKP Scorpio.
More details regarding PAW Patrol Live! including event and on-sale dates will be released shortly.
Spin Master (TSX: TOY; www.spinmaster.com) is a leading global children's entertainment company that creates, designs, manufactures, licenses and markets a diversified portfolio of innovative toys, games, products and entertainment properties. Spin Master is best known for award-winning brands including Zoomer®, Bakugan®, Erector® by Meccano®, Hatchimals®, Air Hogs® and PAW Patrol®. Since 2000, Spin Master has received 103 Toy of the Year (TOTY) nominations with 30 wins across a variety of product categories, including 13 TOTY nominations for Innovative Toy of the Year. To date, Spin Master has produced nine television series, including the recently re-launched Bakugan: Battle Planet and current hit PAW Patrol, which is broadcast in over 160 countries and territories globally. Spin Master has 28 offices and employs over 1,800 people globally in Canada, United States, Mexico, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Russia, Slovakia, Poland, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam and Australia.
Nickelodeon is one of the most globally recognised and widely distributed multimedia entertainment brands for kids and family. It has built a diverse, global business by putting kids first in everything it does. The brand includes television programming and production in the United States and around the world, plus consumer products, digital, location based experiences, publishing and feature films. For more information or artwork, visit http://www.nickpress.com. Nickelodeon and all related titles, characters and logos are trademarks of Viacom Inc. (NASDAQ: VIA, VIAB).
Founded by Folkert Koopmans in 1990, FKP Scorpio Konzertproduktionen GmbH is now one of the largest promoter for tours and local concerts in Europe. In addition, the company is also the largest festival promoter in Europe. The German FKP Scorpio festival roster currently includes Hurricane, Southside, Highfield, M'era Luna, Rolling Stone Beach, Rolling Stone Park, Metal Hammer Paradise, A Summer's Tale, ELBJAZZ, Hamburger Kultursommer and Deichbrand. Internationally, FKP Scorpio currently organises the following festivals, partly in cooperation with national partners: Greenfield (CH), Indian Summer (NL), Best Kept Secret (NL), Air + Style (AT), Gården (SE), Provinssi (FI) and Sideways Helsinki (FI).
Furthermore, FKP Scorpio is the tour partner for giants of the music scene such as Foo Fighters, Ed Sheeran, The Rolling Stones, James Blunt, George Ezra, Justin Bieber, Monster Magnet, Mumford & Sons, Blink-182, Wilco, Fleet Foxes, Faith No More, Band Of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, Elbow, Feist, Gotye, PJ Harvey, Pixies, The Gaslight Anthem, Vampire Weekend, Revolverheld and many more. Classical operas in XXL format, musicals, show productions and the live adaption of prize-wining nature documentaries belong just as naturally to the promoter's portfolio as festivals and concerts. FKP Scorpio also owns the Gourmet Theatre PALAZZO, which is held for four months each year in parallel in Berlin, Hamburg, Nuremberg, Stuttgart and Vienna.
In all, the company employs 300 permanent staff – around half of them work at the Hamburg headquarters. As well as the office in Hamburg, FKP Scorpio also has offices in Stockholm, Oslo and Helsinki, and other offices in cooperation with partners in Copenhagen, Amsterdam and Vienna.


text:
You Are Here : Home / About Arlington/ News / News Articles / 2022 News Articles List / MEDIA ALERT: Army Navy Drive Complete Street Groundbreaking Ceremony
MEDIA ALERT: Army Navy Drive Complete Street Groundbreaking Ceremony
The public and media are invited to join the Northern Virginia Transportation Authority (NVTA), Arlington County and the National Landing Business Improvement District at the groundbreaking for the Army Navy Drive Complete Street Project. The ceremony will take place at the site of the future park at Army Navy Drive and South Eads Street, on the side closest to the 400 block of Army Navy Drive (south curb, at the intersection of Army Navy Drive and South Eads Street).
This project will deliver multimodal safety and access improvements to a 1.2-mile segment of Army Navy Drive from South Joyce Street to 12th Street South, including a segment of the future Transitway Extension to Pentagon City; a two-way protected cycle track on the south curb; and numerous pedestrian safety improvements throughout the project corridor.
Complete street improvements on Army Navy Drive will serve local multimodal travel demand within the corridor, including serving Amazon's HQ2 at PenPlace and MetPark, enhancing connections to Metrobus and Metrorail, and improving connections to the Pentagon. It will expand transportation options for all road users to support existing and forthcoming residential and office development in Pentagon City and Crystal City.
To learn more about the project, visit the Army Navy Drive Complete Street project page.
Groundbreaking for the Army Navy Drive Complete Street Project
Katie Cristol, Chair, Arlington County Board
Monica Backmon, Chief Executive Officer, Northern Virginia Transportation Authority
Tracy Sayegh Gabriel, President, National Landing Business Improvement District
Dennis Leach, Director of Transportation & Development Services, Arlington County Department of Environmental Services
Monday, Oct. 24, 2022, at 10 a.m.
Site of the future park at Army Navy Drive and South Eads Street
400 block of Army Navy Drive (south curb, at the intersection of Army Navy Drive and South Eads Street)
Claudia Pors, 703-228-0745
VHC Health, Arlington Announce Plans for Behavioral Wellness Facility
VHC Health and Arlington County today announced an agreement to expand much needed mental health and rehabilitation services.
Tagged as: , Announcements, Human Services, News Release, Projects & Planning
Arlington Announces New Historic Preservation Grant Opportunity
Arlington County has launched the Historic Preservation Fund (HPF), a competitive grant program that will support community and individual projects related to Arlington's history, built environment, and cultural heritage. The application period is now open.
Tagged as: , News Release, Projects & Planning
County Board Approves Residential Building on Ballston Macy's Site
On Saturday, Dec. 17, the Arlington County Board greenlighted a 16-story mixed-use building on the current site of the Ballston Macy's, while also approving a residential density transfer that preserves 118 affordable housing units along Columbia Pike.
Tagged as: , Columbia Pike, County Board, Housing, News Release, Projects & Planning
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text:
namespace bdm {

struct OperationTestOp : public StandaloneOperationImpl {
  void SetUp() override { setup_counter_++; }

  void operator()() override {}

  OperationTestOp* Clone() override { return new OperationTestOp(); }

  void TearDown() override { teardown_counter_++; }

  int setup_counter_ = 0;
  int teardown_counter_ = 0;

  static bool registered_;
};

BDM_REGISTER_OP(OperationTestOp, "OperationTestOp", kCpu);

TEST(OperationTest, SetupTearDown) {
  Simulation simulation("");
  simulation.GetResourceManager()->AddAgent(new Cell());
  auto* op = NewOperation("OperationTestOp");
  op->frequency_ = 2;
  simulation.GetScheduler()->ScheduleOp(op);

  simulation.Simulate(10);

  auto* op_impl = op->GetImplementation<OperationTestOp>();

  EXPECT_EQ(5, op_impl->setup_counter_);
  EXPECT_EQ(5, op_impl->teardown_counter_);
}

struct CheckDiameter : public Functor<void, Agent*, int*> {
  explicit CheckDiameter(real_t d) : diameter_(d) {}

  void operator()(Agent* agent, int* tl_result) {
    if (agent->GetDiameter() > diameter_) {
      (*tl_result)++;
    }
  }

  real_t diameter_;
};

struct CheckXPosition : public Functor<void, Agent*, real_t*> {
  void operator()(Agent* agent, real_t* tl_result) {
    (*tl_result) += agent->GetPosition()[0];
  }
};

/// 3x3x3 cells are positioned 50 units away from each other.
/// Each cell's diameter is equal to (1 + x_position / 10), agent 1, 6 or 11.
///
///                                 +----------+
///                                 |          |
///                  +-----+        |          |
///                  |     |        |    11    |
///      +--+        |  6  |        |          |
///      |1 |        |     |        |          |
///      +--+        +-----+        +----------+
/// x->   0             50               100
///
/// We count the number of cells that have a diameter greater than 6
/// We count the average X position
TEST(OperationTest, ReductionOp) {
  // Lower the batch size such that multiple threads are working in parallel on
  // the operations (to test if multithreading doesn't cause race conditions)
  auto set_param = [](Param* param) { param->scheduling_batch_size = 3; };
  Simulation simulation("", set_param);
  auto* scheduler = simulation.GetScheduler();

  auto construct = [&](const Real3& position) {
    Cell* cell = new Cell(position);
    cell->SetDiameter(1 + position[0] / 10);
    return cell;
  };
  ModelInitializer::Grid3D(3, 50, construct);

  // Count total number of agents with a diameter greater than 6
  auto* op = NewOperation("ReductionOpInt");
  auto* op_impl = op->GetImplementation<ReductionOp<int>>();
  op_impl->Initialize(new CheckDiameter(6), new SumReduction<int>());
  scheduler->ScheduleOp(op);

  // Check average X position of all agents
  auto* op_d = NewOperation("ReductionOpDouble");
  auto* op_d_impl = op_d->GetImplementation<ReductionOp<real_t>>();
  op_d_impl->Initialize(new CheckXPosition(), new SumReduction<real_t>());
  scheduler->ScheduleOp(op_d);

  simulation.Simulate(1);

  // Check the total number of agents with a diameter greater than 6
  EXPECT_EQ(9, op_impl->GetResults()[0]);

  auto num_agents = simulation.GetResourceManager()->GetNumAgents();

  // Check the average x position of all agents
  EXPECT_EQ(50, op_d_impl->GetResults()[0] / num_agents);
}

TEST(OperationTest, ReductionOpMultiThreading) {
  // Lower the batch size such that multiple threads are working in parallel on
  // the operations (to test if multithreading doesn't cause race conditions)
  auto set_param = [](Param* param) { param->scheduling_batch_size = 3; };
  Simulation simulation("", set_param);
  auto* scheduler = simulation.GetScheduler();

  auto construct = [&](const Real3& position) {
    Cell* cell = new Cell(position);
    return cell;
  };
  ModelInitializer::Grid3D(20, 3, construct);

  // Count total number of agents with a diameter greater than 0
  auto* op = NewOperation("ReductionOpInt");
  auto* op_impl = op->GetImplementation<ReductionOp<int>>();
  op_impl->Initialize(new CheckDiameter(0), new SumReduction<int>());
  scheduler->ScheduleOp(op);

  simulation.Simulate(1);

  // Check the total number of agents with a diameter greater than 6
  EXPECT_EQ(8000, op_impl->GetResults()[0]);
}

}  // namespace bdm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Lauriston Farm was entrusted with looking after honey bees in 2005 and in the following year the hives were converted to a biodynamic principles. Since then, with the help of the Natural Beekeeping Trust (NBKT), our bees have continued to be healthy. We only harvest honey for medicine and allow the Queen freedom to move throughout the hive. reproduction is always by the bees natural method of swarming.
Our Social Farming Initiative will invest further into natural bee guardianship through more workshops, more Sun Hives, more flowers and an asset lock with the NBKT. See our website for more information on how you can help this work and the bees in Essex.


text:
barnes, alfred c. (1)
bartlett, john russell, 1805-1886. (1)
bartos, steve [interviewee] ; fugett, john [interviewer] (1)
esteves, jose s. [interviewee] ; schlegel, kathy (kane) [interviewer] (1)
halleck, h. w. (henry wager), 1815-1872. (1)
keith, ormes b., 1818-1906. (1)
loewy-hydropress (1)
poughkeepsie bridge company (1)
poughkeepsie bridge company. (1)
mp3 file ; transcript index (3)
21 x 25 cm. folded to 21 x 12 cm. (1)
wars-civil war (2)
adams, henry s.; bockes burt, william l.; case (director); civil war conkling, john p.; crane, john m.; davidson, j.m.; day, george b.; field, charles gunn, thomas butler harmon, t.l.; jones, t.m.; lewis, john peters, e.h.; post, george i.; reynolds (secre (1)
african americans fourth of july gunn, thomas butler hart parades pickpockets transportation travel wing, jabez (1)
african americans holidays and traditions travel (1)
art and literature farming and rural life (1)
art and literature women (1)
All fields: Providence
(1131 results)
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Twenty-One
African Americans; Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Civil War; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Military; Publishers and publishing; Transportation; Travel; Women
Includes Gunn's descriptions of his experiences as a war correspondent for ""The New York Tribune"" at New Orleans, Louisiana, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana; boarding house living; a visit to the Rawlings family; a fight with Mr. Blankman at his...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume One
Boardinghouses; Books and reading; Drawing; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Publishers and publishing; Theater; Travel
Details Gunn's first year living in the United States, including his experiences with boarding house living in Jersey City and New York City, looking for work as an artist and a writer, publishing his first book ""Mose Among the Britishers"" and...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Twenty
African Americans; Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Civil War; Diseases; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Marches (U.S. Army); Medical care (U.S. Army); Military; Military camp life; Peninsular Campaign (Va.); Travel; Women
Includes Gunn's descriptions of his experiences as a war correspondent for ""The New York Tribune"" at Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, especially Hilton Head, Port Royal, St. Augustine, Key West, and the end of his experiences with...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Ten
Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Publishers and publishing; Women
Includes descriptions of an explosion of a boat on the North River, New York literary Bohemians, boarding house living at 132 Bleecker Street, his freelance writing and drawing work, the death of writer Mort Thomson's young wife Anna, working on...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Thirteen
Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Marriage; Publishers and publishing; Women
Includes descriptions of boarding house living, his freelance writing and drawing work, antics of New York literary Bohemians, Frank Cahill fleeing for England after spending money that was meant for ''The New York Picayune,'' visits to the Edwards...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Eighteen
Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Civil War; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Marriage; Military; Publishers and publishing; Women
Includes Gunn's descriptions of the scene in New York at the commencement of the Civil War, his visits to military camps in and around New York City as a reporter for ""The New York Evening Post,"" boarding house life, the shooting of Sergeant...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Five
Gunn, Thomas Butler; Railroad; Publishers and publishing; Religion; Travel; Women
Includes descriptions of Gunn looking for drawing and writing work among New York publishers, witnessing a fire at a chocolate factory, attending a religious camp meeting, his friendship with Lotty Whytal, the 1852 presidential election, a visit to...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Fifteen
Boardinghouses; Books and reading; Civil War; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Military; Publishers and publishing; Secession; Slavery; Slaves; Travel
Describes Gunn's experience as a correspondent for ""The New York Evening Post"" in Charleston, South Carolina, in the aftermath of South Carolina's secession from the federal government, including a conflict between A.H. Colt and Mr. Woodward, a...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Eight
Boardinghouses; Bohemians; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Medical care; Mental illness; Publishers and publishing; Travel; Women
Includes descriptions of the process of publishing his book, ''The Physiology of New-York Boarding Houses;'' his poor mental state upon returning to New York from England; meeting Walt Whitman; visits with Fanny Fern, James Parton, and Harriet...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Six
African Americans; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Marriage; Native Americans; Publishers and publishing; Slavery; Travel; Women
Includes descriptions of Gunn's writing and drawing work in New York, a visit to the Catskill Mountains, attending the wedding of his friend Charles Damoreau (Brown), a visit to the Crystal Palace in New York, his friend Lotty's difficult marriage...
In the Age of Steel: Oral Histories from Bethlehem Pennsylvania -- Lawrence Whitcomb
Education; Neighborhoods; Leisure; Municipal Government
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Fourteen
Boardinghouses; Civil War; Elections; Gunn, Thomas Butler; Journalism; Military; Police; Publishers and publishing; Secession; Slavery; Slaves; Travel
Includes descriptions of attending a lecture by J.H. Siddons on Queen Victoria; seeing tightrope walker Charles Blondin perform; boarding house living; his freelance writing and drawing work; visits to the Edwards family and his friendship with...
Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, Volume Sixteen
Includes Gunn's descriptions of the scene in New York at the commencement of the Civil War, boarding house living, visits to the Edwards family, Mort Thomson's engagement to Fanny Fern's daughter Grace Eldredge, Frank Cahill's return to New York...
[Letter] 1865 June 29, Richmond, Va. [to] J.R. Bartlett, Providence, R.I. / |cH.W.H. [Henry W. Halleck]
Halleck, H. W. (Henry Wager), 1815-1872--Correspondence.
Ms.; At top: Head Quarters Military Division of the James. Recipient identified and commented on by Jerry E. Mueller, Research Associate at the John Carter Brown Library, Providence, Rhode Island.
In the Age of Steel: Oral Histories from Bethlehem Pennsylvania -- Jose S. Esteves
Iron & Steel; Immigration/Migration; Education
In the Age of Steel: Oral Histories from Bethlehem Pennsylvania -- Steve Bartos
Iron & Steel; Leisure
[Letter] 1866 February 7, Jenkintown, [Pa.] [to] J.R. Bartlett, Providence, R.I. / O.B. Keith
Keith, Ormes B., 1818-1906--Correspondence.
Found in SC Pam 1404. The cover page of the pamphlet is included here.
[Scrapbook] [1865-1885] of Abraham Lincoln memorabilia, portraits, reactions to the assassination / [John R. Bartlett].
Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865; Bartlett, John R. (John Russell), 1805-1886..
Bartlett's name appears inside the scrapbook (002 recto), so it is likely that he compiled the materials. Bartlett's other Civil War scrapbooks are located at Brown University and the Providence Public Library.
Bridging the Hudson at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. : for a short, direct through railway route from the coal fields to New England and from the East to the West connecting Boston, Providence, Worchester, Springfield, Hartford, Waterbury, the iron ore and...
Railroad bridges--New York (State)--Poughkeepsie; Bridges--Hudson River (N.Y. and N.J.)
A treatise on bridge architecture in which the superior advantages of the flying pendent lever bridge are fully proved : with an historical account and description of different bridges erected in various parts of the world, from an early period,...
Bridges--Design and construction; Bridges, Cantilever; Flying pendant lever bridge.


Looking for a Mediterranean restaurant in Sydney? Our dining guide gives you 10 of the best Sydney Mediterranean restaurants instantly. Popular Mediterranean dining locations are the Sydney CBD, Surrey Hills and Parramatta. Other cuisines with a regional food style & influence are Lebanese, Greek, Spanish and Italian.
Built and decorated with authentic Moroccan metalwork, glassware and ceramics, it features 180° views of the spectacular Sydney Harbour, the iconic Sydney city skyline and the large terrace in front invites al fresco dining.
ECCO is a spectacular waterfront venue in Drummoyne specialising in a la carte dining, weddings, cocktail functions and corporate & group events. Come in and enjoy our delicious Italian food, wine & desserts in beautiful surroundings with a stunning backdrop of Sydney Harbour. We cater for intimate romantic dinners, group bookings or a family night out to remember.
If you're looking for a vibrant spot to dine, have a glass wine, then swing by or make a booking now. come in and enjoy our special blend of vittoria coffee exclusively roasted for xenos.
you can sit outside on the patio or cool off inside.
"A broodingly dark and handsome set of rooms in the heart of the CBD. This place is superb for a sophisticated city breakfast- or just grab a coffee and a roll, a working lunch or a leisurely dinner"
"Dining out should be a shared and relaxed experience with family and friends. The dishes must be of the freshest ingredients where the true flavours of the food play the starring role."
Georges Mediterranean Bar & Grill on King Street Wharf is Sydney's ultimate waterfront dining venue with views over Darling Harbour, the best cocktail lounge in the CBD and delicious Mediterranean cuisine.
Georges Cafe is located in the Piccadilly Centre and offers a dining haven in the heart of Sydney's shopping district on Pitt Street.
The place where Italian Food and Mediterranean Cuisine is served with style and passion. Conveniently located on Pitt St. in the heart of Sydney CBD, Macchiato restaurant is always vibrant and buzzing from sunup 'til sundown every day of the week.
Macchiato is the complete dining experience – with an extensive menu including the best wood fired pizza in Sydney, fine wines & refreshing beverages from Australia and Italy, delicious cakes and desserts, and of course smooth, creamy Italian coffee served all-day.
There's no better place for breakfast and coffee in Sydney than Macchiato Italian Restaurant – enjoy a tasty serve of eggs on toast with your favourite sides.
Aesop's is the perfect entertainment venue for any lively event, from a girls night or a corporate function to a big fat Greek wedding. Offering an eclectic Mediterranean menu and a beautiful outlook across to the Botanic Gardens and Conservatorium of Music, Aesops is a great choice to experience Greek cuisine. Proprietor James Gamvros will fill your tummy and have you on your feet dancing the Zorba through to Katy Perry.
With a capacity of 170 and full audio visual and DJ/MC facilities, Aesop's is the perfect venue, lunch or dinner, for anything from a romantic dinner for two, to office parties, product launches, hens and bucks parties and of course big fat Greek weddings.
We've much experience with special dietary requirements, just talk to our staff.
Convenient parking station located just next door. Call Aesop's for a discount.


text:
Tag: San Diego Padres
Padres continue wheeling and dealing; trade for Darvish
CHICAGO (AP) — San Diego Padres general manager A.J. Preller reunited with an old friend in another blockbuster move Tuesday night. The aggressive Padres got Yu Darvish in a trade with the Chicago Cubs, adding…
Report: Tampa Bay set to deal ace
Two months ago, Blake Snell got yanked off the mound with a two-hit shutout going in the final game of the World Series. Now, the Tampa Bay Rays are ready to ship him out of…
MIKE FITZPATRICK - THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Tampa, Los Angeles, Houston, Atlanta pick up ALDS victories
SAN DIEGO (AP) — Randy Arozarena, Mike Zunino, Manuel Margot and Austin Meadows hit home runs, and Tyler Glasnow struck out 10 to set a postseason record for the Tampa Bay Rays, who beat the…
Dodgers clinch playoff berth
SAN DIEGO (AP) — The Los Angeles Dodgers became the first team to clinch a playoff spot in the pandemic-shortened season, beating the San Diego Padres 7-5 Wednesday behind Dustin May's gutty effort out of…
Royals deal Rosenthal to Padres
DENVER (AP) — The San Diego Padres acquired Trevor Rosenthal in a trade with the Kansas City Royals on Saturday, bolstering their bullpen for their pursuit of their first playoff appearance in 14 years. San…
Padres' Tatis, Royals' Mondesi on parallel paths to stardom
PEORIA, Ariz. (AP) — San Diego Padres prospect Fernando Tatis Jr. and Kansas City Royals counterpart Adalberto Mondesi have never met, even though their life stories suggest a cup of coffee is long overdue. They…
DAVE SKRETTA


text:
Interview with Random Interactive the creator of Escape From Everwood
Here we are, back with another developer interview! This time with Random Interactive the creator of Escape From Everwood.
Before we start we'd like to thank Stuart for participating in our interview and for answering all of our geeky questions! Thanks!
/// Thanks for taking the time to talk to us about Escape From Everwood! Could you kick-start this interview by telling us a little about your studio, yourself, and what drew you into the gaming industry?
I've been gaming since the early 80's when we had an acorn electron and later a c64 at home. I'd spend hours typing in Basic listings which, in a roundabout way, has led to a career in software development, although not in games.
Game programming has just been a hobby really, but with Everwood and other games I'm working on I'm now in the process of setting up a company Random Interactive as an umbrella to do all that stuff under.
/// Ok, let's start talking about Escape From Everwood. What are the highlights of your latest game?
So the main selling point for Everwood is that the content is procedurally generated, but it retains the aesthetics and experience of a traditional choose-your-own-adventure style gamebook.
Edamame – Man… I'd hate to think how much work must have gone into developing the algorithms to make that possible… 😅
/// What was the core idea or inspiration behind Escape From Everwood? And perhaps more importantly, where do you find inspiration for your games in general?
I was a fan of the Fighting Fantasy series back in the day and recently discovered the mobile versions.
As I played them on my phone I started to think whether it would be possible to make the content a bit more dynamic, less predictable. I understand that these are books that have been ported over to a phone, but a phone is essentially a mini-computer now so I started to wonder about the possibilities.
Aside from gamebooks, my inspiration comes from what is now called retro gaming. I'm really keen on revisiting old game concepts and adapting them to modern platforms, like mobile and TV. I'm not interested in straight ports though, the games must have some kind of modern twist, taking advantage of the new platform.
/// How long was Escape From Everwood in development for? And are there any interesting and/or exciting moments or experiences you would like to share with us from that time?
Just over 12 months. It took so long because I'm time poor, so I'd work on it mostly in my lunch break during my regular job.
Exciting is probably an overstatement, but I guess the most interesting bit is once the game was actually released, and seeing how other people react to your ideas.
/// What software, developer-tools, or black-magic(?) did you use when making Escape From Everwood? Is there anything you would like to share with the developers who read Edamame Reviews?
To be honest the bulk of it was done in a simple text editor, then later Xcode and I use Pixelmator for graphics.
I'm not really one to offer advice, to be honest, I'm not one of the hardcore developer types you meet on StackOverflow. I just come up with ideas and use whatever tools I'm comfortable with, and lots of Googling, to try and put it together.
You'll need weapon and defense upgrades to complete the game. If you can get those things early you should have a good chance.
/// What can we expect to see in Escape From Everwood or from Random Interactive in the not so distant future? What do we have to look forward to next?
I'm working on a Mario Run style game but using a classic 8-bit platformer as the inspiration.
There's also a mobile football manager game I've wanted to make for a while, and now I've got the engine sorted for Everwood I'd like to do a follow-up gamebook, which won't take as long.
Just thanks for your hard work and support, I've signed up now to become a supporter and I'm looking forward to becoming part of the community.
/// Thanks again for participating in our interview, we look forward to talking with you again soon!
Tags #WOW, Adventure, Apple, Family, Role-Playing, Simulation, Strategy
← 2048 Balls 3D – And the addiction continues… → Logic Ludum – A flat Rubix cube for iOS


Sure we go online and like a couple of posts, read a couple of articles and on occasion endorse our colleagues; but as salespeople we could be using Linkedin for efficiently as a sales generating tool.
560,000 professionals visit Linkedin every day.
With all that in mind, why wouldn't we be using this amazing sales tool to grow business? Here are some ideas on how to use Linkedin to close more sales.
A key part of utilising Linkedin is being interactive, this can mean commenting and liking other's achievements, sending our endorsements and generally putting yourself out there.
This way you can stay front of mind with your clients, and prospects. If they are seeing you pop up every day on their news feed then you are the first person they will think of when it comes to your industry.
Also you should be following the business pages of your clients and prospects, this can often provide valuable insight into the movements of their company. At the very least it can give you valuable conversation starters for the next time you catch up with them.
This goes along with interacting with your clients, share relevant blogs/videos and posts relating to your field, share quotes and ideas from influencers. All this goes along way to positioning yourself and an influencer and leader in your industry.
Ask questions to your audience to encourage interaction, by creating a dialogue you have more chance of connecting with your prospects.
The key to this and every part of the sales process is to always be adding value to your audience, so only share items that your audience will benefit from viewing.
and even their potential issues.
Populate your Pre-Interview form with this vital information to ensure you are prepared for your next sales interview.
Use Linkedin to research mutual connections, they may be able to provide insight into your prospect's needs and any issues they may be having with their business.
You can also use the advanced search function to research roles and companies in your area. For example you may want to look up all the National Sales Managers or all business to business Agricultural companies in your region.
Use this information to form a Suspect List of businesses you would like to work with and share this with your referral network.
Identify who your target audience is, what groups are your suspects likely to be a part of? You can join these groups as a way to get closer to your suspects.
Start group discussions – don't talk about your company – aim to add value to other members of the group by sharing valuable insights and information on your industry.
The next time someone in your area who you don't know asks to connect with you, why not ask them out for a coffee to discuss their business? The fact they want to connect with you shows they are interested in what you do, so why not see if they are genuine.
I wish you all the best for your sales this month.


Explore this stunning city on a half-day sightseeing coach tour this afternoon, including the Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. Enjoy a dinner cruise on Sydney Harbour tonight.
This morning after breakfast, you'll fly over to the Gold Coast where you will spend the next couple of days. Explore Cape Bryon before heading north along the world-famous Gold Coast. Spend time strolling along the renowned Surfers Paradise Beach and admiring the views before enjoying an evening of leisure to explore this area at your own pace.
Departing the Gold Coast this morning, you'll head north to the Sunshine Coast. Visit the world-renowned Australia Zoo, made famous by the late Crocodile Hunter, Steve Irwin. Here you will be given the opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of conservation and see many native Australian species up close. Continue to the chic resort town of Noosa. This evening, you'll dine with the locals this evening at the Noosa Surf Club.
With some time in Noosa, perhaps head into town or take a stroll along the stunning waterfront. Later, travel to Hervey Bay and join your cruise transfer to the world's largest sand island, World Heritage-listed Fraser Island, on the southern tip of the Great Barrier Reef. Here, settle in to your room at Kingfisher Bay Resort. This evening, enjoy dinner in the company of your fellow travellers.
Discover this rare and beautiful island today with a half-day tour exploring the untamed wilderness providing adventure and excitement. With some time at leisure this afternoon, slip into island living and perhaps explore the hundreds of walking trails which criss-cross the island. Immerse yourself in the ancient rainforests or explore the coloured sand cliffs on Seventy-Five Mile Beach. Perhaps visit the wreck of the Maheno, a liner that was driven ashore during a cyclone in 1935 (own expense).
A morning ferry takes you across Hervey Bay today, travelling via sugarcane country to Rockhampton. This is one of Queensland's oldest cities and a friendly place to visit. Later, arrive in the inland city of Rockhampton.
Explore the charming historical town of Rockhampton, known as the gateway to the coast and the Outback. Founded in 1853, the city is home to beautiful heritage architecture and a rich, fascinating history. Then, travel to Airlie Beach and enjoy one of the region's most beautiful beaches. Here you will join a ferry through the sparkling Whitsundays and realise your dreams of a tropical island paradise as you arrive at picturesque Hamilton Island. Here, enjoy dinner later this evening.
Today is a full day of leisure to immerse yourself in the tranquillity and breath-taking beauty of this island. The idyllic scenery, laid-back pace and stunning beaches are the perfect setting for a day devoted to relaxing.
Take an early morning ferry transfer, gliding from Hamilton Island to the Port of Airlie, where you will reboard your coach and travel to Townsville. On arrival, enjoy a tour of the city. Continue to Mission Beach, the destination where two of the most stunning World Heritage-listed areas meet; the Wet Tropics Rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef. Arrive at your beachfront escape, Castaways Resort and Spa, where the only thing between you and the golden beach is a grassy lawn and a line of coconut palms. Complete with a secluded rainforest swimming area, it won't be long before you discover why Mission Beach has earned its reputation as a haven for rest and relaxation.
Today sees you visit Millaa Millaa Falls and the Curtain Fig Tree in the morning, before boarding the Skyrail Rainforest Cableway for astonishing views over the treetops. Later on, arrive at your hotel for the next two nights – the Pullman Cairns International – where you can take in the gorgeous mountain views from your room.
Cruise by fast catamaran to Reef Magic's activity platform in the morning and spend the rest of the day enjoying the coral and marine life. In the evening, visit Tjapukai by Night to enjoy dinner and take part in a corroboree. During this Aboriginal cultural dinner and performance, you will discover the spiritual concept known as Dreamtime, witness a corroboree, then be guided along a flame-lit pathway to a dinner of local produce.
Today will be spent travelling, flying from Cairns to Alice Springs (flight not included).
Traverse the West MacDonnell Ranges, stopping en-route to visit a camel farm – there will be the option to ride a camel too if you wish (at own expense). Upon arrival at Uluru, take a tour of the base then check-in at your hotel before watching the sunset with a glass of wine.
Rise early today to watch an amazing sight as the sun rises over Uluru, casting myriad colours over this awe-inspiring attraction. Afterwards, visit the rock domes of Kata Tjuta (The Olgas) and walk to Walpa Gorge to see the astounding scenery for yourself. End the day by travelling to Kings Canyon.
Today will be spent exploring Kings Canyon and discovering how its sheer walls rise up to 170m from Kings Creek. There will be the option of two guided walks here depending on your preference, before making your way to Alice Springs.
Today is the final day of the trip – make your way to the airport for your departing flight.


Why do we need all this enhanced water anyway? Despite the fact that regular water is completely calorie-free, Bio Synergy . The water diet is another name for fasting.
Can it help you to lose weight effectively? A water diet plan to detox your body while helping your lose weight all by drinking water. What more can you ask for from the simplest of water diets ever.
Find and save ideas about Diet water on Pinterest.
Water challenge, Weight loss drinks and Water diet plan. There are tons of diets out there, and you can buy all sorts of books and prepared meals for them. Get this Water Diet Amazon Kindle book for just $2. Insane Benefits of Drinking Lemon Water Every Morning. Erin Palinski-Wade, R CDE, author of Belly Fat Diet For Dummies.
For decades, doctors said we should be drinking eight glasses of the stuff . Thank you for taking time out of your day to watch my video! Water Diet lets you calculate how much water you should drink and helps to loose weight and stay fit. It tracks you daily water drinking habits and makes you .
Read our article and learn more on MedlinePlus: Water in diet. Here are diet tricks that may or may not speed up your. These high-water-content foods are refreshing, hydrating, filled with nutrients, and naturally low in calories.
Will it keep you from feeling hungry? The following is reprinted from The Brewer Medical Diet for Normal and High-Risk Pregnancy, by Gail Sforza Brewer with Thomas Brewer, M. It is very important when following this diet to drink you water allowance. Aside from keeping you hydrate drinking water can actually help you . Detox water is the latest diet craze to take off in recent years. Check out the best watermelon, strawberry and lemon water recipes available . Starting your day with hot water with lemon is said to improve digestion, boost mineral absorption, and.
The body retains the amount of water necessary to burn its accumulated fat. Containing 20g of the purest protein available, B-Vitamins and L-Carnitine, . See foods or Natural Diuretics you can eat to flush out excess water weight to lose weight fast. Rethinking longtime practices, a food giant dramatically cuts its water use.
To optimise your 5:diet efforts when following the fasting diet plan focus on getting enough water into your diet daily. Diet water, a camo golf ball and stairs that go nowhere – these are the most pointless things ever made. Artificially sweetened fizzy drinks like Diet Coke may be more helpful to dieters than water in helping them lose weight, a study has found. It's called "diet-induced thermogenesis," and works for water pretty much the same way it works for anything that contains calories.
Find GIFs with the latest and newest hashtags! Diet Water: I tagged this as Humor. The Water Diet can Help Keep your body clean and lean whether you are fasting or not.


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Home : Poker News : Dimitri Vorbe Wins 2021 Seminole Hard Rock Poker Open Championship For $929,365
Dimitri Vorbe Wins 2021 Seminole Hard Rock Poker Open Championship For $929,365
The Haitian Player Outlasted A Field of 1,180 Entries In The $5,250 Buy-In No-Limit Hold'em Event
by Erik Fast | Published: Aug 11, 2021
The 2021 Seminole Hard Rock Poker Open $5,250 buy-in no-limit hold'em championship drew a total of 1,180 entries, the third-largest in SHRPO history. The massive turnout saw the $3 million guarantee easily surpassed, with the final prize pool of $5,723,000 paid out among the top 148 finishers. The lion's share of that money was ultimately awarded to Haiti's Dimitri Vorbe, who took home $929,365 for the win.
This was by far the largest score on Vorbe's tournament resume, with his only previous score being a $2,085 payday for a 24th-place finish in a $400 buy-in event at the same venue back in the spring.
In addition to the title and the money, Vorbe also secured 1,920 Card Player Player of the Year points as the champion of this event. This was his first POY-qualified score of the year, but it alone was enough to see him climb into 29th place in the 2021 POY race standings, which are sponsored by Global Poker.
The final table began with Vorbe in the lead and Ian O'Hara in second place. World Series of Poker bracelet winner Michael Wang was the first to fall. He ran pocket queens into the pocket aces of Vorbe and was unable to come from behind. Wang took home $100,215 as the ninth-place finisher, while Vorbe added to his lead.
Harrison Brown's run in this event came to an end when his pocket jacks lost a coin flip against the A-K of O'Hara, who made kings full of tens by the river to send Brown to the rail in eighth place ($130,455). He was followed by nine-time WSOP Circuit ring winner Jeffrey Trudeau, whose A-K ran into the pocket kings of Mark Dube. Trudeau found no help from the board and was eliminated in seventh place ($163,390). This was the third-largest payday of Trudeau's career. His top score came just nine days earlier when he won a $1,000,000 guaranteed $600 buy-in event at this same series for $352,200.
Mark Dube continued his climb up the leaderboard by knocking out Darren Rabinowitz in sixth place ($197,850). Rabinowitz got all-in on a Q 7 5 with Q 6 and found himself facing the A A of Dube. The 10 turn and 3 river saw Dube improve to the nut flush to narrow the field to just five players.
Matt Affleck got his last seven big blinds in with pocket sevens and received a call from the A 8 of Dube. An ace on the flop left Affleck in rough shape. He was unable to regain the advantage on the turn or river and was eliminated in fifth place ($244,775). This was the third-largest score of his career, with his top payday being the $500,165 he earned as the 15th-place finisher in the 2010 WSOP main event.
The next big clash saw Mark Dube shove with A J . Ian O'Hara called with A Q and his superior kicker played by the river to send Dube packing in fourth place. The $324,035 he earned for his deep run in this event marked was the eighth six-figure payday of his tournament career.
Despite earning that knockout, O'Hara fell to the bottom of the leaderboard during three-handed action. He ultimately got his last 16 big blinds into the middle in a classic race situation, with his 4 4 facing the A Q of Vorbe. The K 3 2 kept O'Hara ahead, but the Q left him in need of a four on the river to stay alive in this event. The A rolled off the deck to send the pot to Vorbe. O'Hara earned $437,350. This was the second-largest cash of his career, with the top score ($527,313 for a runner-up finish in a $25,000 buy-in high roller) also taking place during a Seminole Hard Rock Poker Open series back in 2015.
Heads-up play began with AP Louis Garza in the lead, with his 27,000,000 good for 108 big blinds. Vorbe sat with 20,200,000 for 81 big blinds. Vorbe took the lead with deuces full of aces, and quickly extended that advantage. He showed several more full houses in a short span as he continued to build his lead. By the time the final hand was dealt, Vorbe's chip advantage sat at more than 16:1. Garza raised all in for roughly 2,700,000 from the button with K 3 and Vorbe made the call with 8 8 . The board came down Jc7 2 5 J to secure the pot and the title for Vorbe. Garza earned $674,285 as the runner-up finisher.
Here is a look at the payouts and POY points awarded at the final table:
Place Player Earnings POY Points
1 Dimitri Vorbe $929,365 1920
2 AP Louis Garza $674,285 1600
3 Ian O'Hara $437,350 1280
4 Mark Dube $324,035 960
5 Matt Affleck $244,775 800
6 Darren Rabinowitz $197,850 640
7 Jeffrey Trudeau $163,390 480
8 Harrison Brown $130,455 320
9 Michael Wang $100,215 160
Photo credits: SHRPO blog.
Barskdale Wins MSPT Title At Bally's Black Hawk
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News Recaps
Tags: Poker Tournaments, 2021 Seminole Hard Rock Poker Open, SHRPO, Championship, no-limit hold'em, Florida, main event, Dimitri Vorbe, AP Louis Garza, Ian O'hara, Mark Dube, Matt Affleck, Darren Rabinowitz, Jeffrey Trudeau, Harrison Brown, Michael Wang
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Land Division Act basics for landowners
Brad Neumann, Michigan State University Extension - March 24, 2020
Current and prospective owners of land in Michigan will benefit from understanding some basics of the Land Division Act.
A 640 acre section of land showing proposed divisions of the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter (parent parcel A).
As the name suggests, the Land Division Act, MCL 560.101 et seq. (formerly known as the Subdivision Control Act), regulates the separation of land into two or more small parcels as well as sets standards for creating subdivision lots. The statute includes numerous details – the most significant of which will be highlighted here. This article is not a substitute for reading and understanding the entirety of the statute, but rather to inform landowners of the basics.
Michigan State University Extension states that the first thing a landowner should know about the Land Division Act is that any division of land that will result in one or more of the parcels being less than 40 acres (or the equivalent) is subject to local government review. Only after that review can the owner market, sell or record the property with the county Register of Deeds. The review is at the township, village or city (and sometimes county) level. A local official, not a committee or board, is assigned the responsibility to approve or deny proposed land divisions. Most often, it is the local government tax assessor or the zoning administrator.
The second thing landowners should know is that the number of allowable divisions depends on the size of the 'parent parcel.' The 'parent parcel' is whatever the shape and size of the parcel was as of March 31, 1997. If, on that date, there were two or more adjacent parcels under identical ownership, then the entire land area under common ownership is considered the parent tract. In addition, land held under land contract, or land professionally surveyed and actively marketed for sale, but not recorded with the Register of Deeds as of March 31, 1997, would be considered the parent parcel. Again, the Land Division Act prescribes the number of allowable divisions based on the size of the parent parcel. For example, a 40-49.9 acre parent parcel is allowed 7 divisions; a 30-39.9 acre parent parcel is allowed 6 divisions; and a 20-29.9 acre parent parcel is allowed 5 divisions.
If the parent parcel has already been divided, a landowner might wish to determine if additional divisions can be made. One would need to determine:
The total number of divisions allowed for the parent parcel
Minus the number of divisions that have already been approved by the local government (even if not yet sold)
Minus the number of divisions transferred to a resulting parcel (i.e. the number of divisions the original owner transferred to buyers of any already sold divisions)
The resulting sum is the number of divisions allowed for the remainder of the parent parcel. A landowner should explore his/her property's deed or chain of title and consult with the local assessor to confirm the number of divisions that are available, if any. If divisions are available, has sufficient time passed in order to begin exercising the division rights (i.e. 10 years since being recorded)? If no divisions are available, because all have already been made, or because no divisions were assigned from the parent parcel, or insufficient time has passed (i.e. at least 10 years since being recorded), the parcel cannot be further divided unless 10 years have elapsed since the parcel was recorded with the county Register of Deeds. After that time, the division can be split further (referred to as re-divisions). The total number of re-divisions allowed within a division (parcel) is based on another sliding scale related to the size of the division.
The local unit of government where the parcel is located should have a detailed application form for reviewing land division requests. An application form is needed to determine the number of divisions and re-divisions allowed. This also helps maintain detailed property records. The form requires property information and history so that the land division official conducting the review can ensure that the resulting divisions or re-divisions will (from MCL 560.109):
Have an adequate and accurate legal description;
Not be narrower than 4:1 (parcel depth to width ratio for parcels less than 10 acres);
Meet the minimum parcel width required in the zoning ordinance, if applicable;
Meet the minimum parcel size required in the zoning ordinance, if applicable;
Be accessible by a public road, private road, easement or other similar means (as required by the local land division or zoning ordinance);
Not exceed the maximum number of divisions for the parent parcel, or the number of re-divisions for the division;
Have adequate easements for public utilities from the parcel to existing public utility facilities;
Not result in land-locking a cemetery; and
Not have any unpaid property taxes and/or special assessments due for the last five years.
Based solely on the Land Division Act, the local government review of divisions and re-divisions is for the above nine things. In a local government jurisdiction with zoning and/or a separate local land division ordinance, proposed land divisions must also satisfy the standards of those local ordinances. Again, any division can be re-divided after the passage of 10 years.
From many years of experience responding to Land Division Act questions, Michigan State University Extension land use educators have found that not all local units of government follow a thorough procedure and do the necessary research to verify whether divisions or re-divisions are allowed. It is in a landowner's best interest to complete a detailed application to facilitate having clear title to one's land and avoid legal battles after the fact. If interested in dividing your land, contact your local unit of government at the number provided on your tax bill or local government website.
Sample Land Division Application Sample Land Division Review Worksheet
Remote Learning and Resources for Those at Home During COVID-19 Pandemic
Stay Informed With the MSU Extension Newsletter
2021 Master Citizen Planner Live Webinar Series
Opportunity Zone trainings for local community leaders offered by MSU Extension
Water use at perpendicular versus parallel roads: Where are public versus riparian rights?
The Village of Ontonagon plans for future sustainability of their harbor community: Part 2
New transportation act allows greater flexibility in street design
Passenger rail service in northern Michigan being studied: Part one


New research supports claims that teens are leaving Facebook. Why are they leaving and where are they going? They may be leaving because of you. Especially if you are a parent of a teen or if your brand has a game or app. The number of teens with smartphones has increased 61% since 2011. This greatly impacts their number one goal for using Facebook; staying in touch with friends. Many are moving to Tumblr, a blog platform that recently became one of the top 10 visited sites in the US with over 61 million monthly unique visitors.
On Tumblr yet? Can't hurt!
Do you have a mobile app or mobile formatted website?
Are your Facebook fans engaged? What content do they like? How else can you get that to them?
Are you advertising on Facebook? Is it effective with teens?
Is your audience growing up? How do you stay relevant to them?
This infographic was posted by All Facebook and created by Right Mix Marketing.


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Blog › Recently Sold | Matt Pozer - Oakwyn Realty Ltd.
I have just recently sold this listing at 6046 145 Street, Surrey.
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