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Books, Culture
How Social Distancing Can Help Us Rethink Our Gatherings
We interview author and conflict resolution facilitator Priya Parker, who believes the current global crisis can be an opportunity for us to reexamine the ways we connect with one another.
Nicholas Gilmore
Gatherings around the world are cancelled or postponed: Concerts, conferences, religious services, birthday parties, yoga classes, the Olympics, funerals. Almost all instances of people in proximity to one another have suddenly evaporated in the U.S. as many of us have been isolating in our homes.
While the COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily life for most everyone, Priya Parker thinks it has created an opportunity for us to reexamine the ways we connect with one another.
Parker is a trained conflict resolution facilitator who started using a process called "sustained dialogue" at University of Virginia to facilitate meaningful conversations and connections across racial and ethnic barriers. As a biracial woman, she noticed a lack of understanding around race on campus, and she decided to do something about it.
In 2018, Parker published The Art of Gathering, a book that calls on us to reconsider the gatherings we plan and attend, from celebrations to meetings to mass events to dinner parties. Parker's book offers a new way of determining how we should shape these gatherings into meaningful experiences instead of routine events. She writes that "We spend our lives gathering … and we spend much of that time in uninspiring, underwhelming moments that fail to capture us, change us in any way, or connect us to one another." Parker believes that we can change this, though, even — and maybe especially — in a time of global crisis.
Her new podcast, Together Apart, produced with The New York Times, tells the stories of people navigating our new reality in their own attempts to gather safely and .
In our interview with her, Parker shared her philosophy of getting people together, socially distanced or otherwise.
SEP: You talk in your book about our "ritualized gatherings" and how they've been repeated so much over time that we're attached to the forms of our gatherings even after they no longer reflect our values. What are we doing wrong when we gather?
Priya Parker: We skip over asking what the purpose is. So, we skip too quickly to form. If we're hosting a baby shower, we assume it has to look a certain way and skip to buying or making the baby games. I wrote about the New York Times "Page One Meeting" in the book, which continued for more than 70 years even after it no longer made sense to have the biggest meeting of the day focusing on what goes on page one, since they now had this thing called the home page. Whether it's a baby shower or an editor's meeting, the biggest mistake that we make when we gather is to assume that the purpose is obvious.
SEP: To zero in on the purpose of gatherings, you suggest finding a "disputable purpose" and even excluding people if necessary, in the right way. A lot of us are rule-averse and want to at least appear laid back when we're planning gatherings, so how do you think we can start to embrace rules like this?
Parker: I would differentiate between principles and rules. I think something like "know why you're gathering" isn't a rule; it's a principle. It's not controlling or uptight to be asking "why are we doing this?" It's intentional.
But I do, in the book, write about pop-up rules. Something like practicing generous authority. Something we tend to do in our gatherings is "underhost." In wanting to not seem too controlling or bossy, we kind of do nothing. This is an argument to say that if you're interested in creating transformative, memorable gatherings, the way to do that is to have a specific purpose and to create a sequence or structure — that can actually be delightful and fun.
If the purpose of a baby shower is to help a couple figure out how they want to parent when they've never seen a model for that in either of their families before, having a baby shower with all women and pinning the diaper on the baby is not going to help you fulfill that purpose. Gathering is a form of power and it's also the way we spend our time. I'm not so much an advocate of rules so much as I am an advocate of not wasting people's time.
SEP: Let's say you're at a terrible gathering. You know it's terrible, and everyone else does too, but you're not the host. Is there anything you can do as a non-host to make a gathering better?
Parker: I called this book The Art of Gathering and not The Art of Hosting, in part, because I think guests have a lot of power. I know of this retirement party that happened pre-COVID, and the team of a department was invited to a retirement lunch, and everybody came and sat down and they were chatting. The person who sent out the invitations was planning to bring out a cake and a plaque at the end, but there were like two hours before that, so everyone was just kind of waiting around while nothing happened and it was a little embarrassing for the person being honored. Then, one of the guests stood up and clinked their glass and started a round of toasts and stories. It was a risk, right? But people went along with it. It gave structure, and completely transformed the event. Through their intervention, that guest transformed something that was mundane into something that was meaningful.
Sometimes it isn't obvious who the host is, like if you're at a conference or something and you've spontaneously come together with whoever you've bumped into. You can intervene and say, "I'm here because I'm new to the industry. Would you guys be up for a conversation?" and go around answering an interesting question. You have a lot of power as a guest to shape an outcome. Part of it is saying "there is a beautiful conversation that could happen here. How do we have it?"
SEP: I think it's a little more common these days to come across the idea of introvertedness or social anxiety, and some people say they don't like to be in gatherings or that they don't like to be around strangers. But you say in your book that "everyone has the ability to gather well." Does that run counter to the idea of introvertedness?
Parker: One of the things I found interesting writing this was that I interviewed over 100 people for this book who people described as transformative gatherers — in all different fields, a rabbi, a choir conductor, a hockey coach, a photographer — and many of them identified as introverts or sufferers of social anxiety. One of the things I found, at least anecdotally, is that often introverts — people who don't like to go to gatherings — are some of the best gatherers. This is because they're creating the gatherings they wish existed.
When you're designing experiences for other people, I think it's almost dangerous to rely on a very charismatic personality to lift the group and carry it through something. When you create thoughtful structure, you don't actually have to do very much once people arrive. I actually think that often when people don't like going to gatherings, they're on to something. They don't like them when they're really awkward and they aren't guided with care. They don't like gatherings where you have to keep introducing yourself or try to prove your worth. It's exhausting. But there is another way to do this, and, in my experience, introverts and others who are on the outside of communities are really amazing, thoughtful gatherers.
SEP: When it comes to family and friends with really polarizing politics (I think everyone thinks about this around Thanksgiving for some reason), a lot of strategies go around for gathering people like this and keeping conflict at bay. How would you approach gathering people where politics differ and maybe even values differ as well?
Parker: I think first, again, is know the purpose. Is the purpose to engage in politics? Or to have a good time? If you're trying to interstitch a community and they're divided on politics, as a conflict resolution facilitator, one of the things you know is that there are different tools for different conflicts. It may make sense to avoid conversation as a centerpiece of your gathering. It may make sense to do it in a sports league or volunteer together. There are a lot of ways to build relationships, and things that allow people to see different sides of each other are going to help to build that community.
When you're bringing together people who are different, don't try to make them the same; try to complicate each side. Krista Tippett said "We assume a monolith of the other that we know not to be true of our own side." So we think "all evangelical Christians … " or "all white women …" or "all Muslims … " whereas we know that there's so much difference even within our own families.
If you're going to go for it, my suggestion is to ground a conversation around stories, not opinions. Or, don't focus on conversation and find a meaningful activity that allows people to show different sides of themselves. People could think, oh wow, he is just as competitive as I am, or, she's also superstitious. We all have different sides to ourselves, so part of loosening that knot isn't to focus on stamping out the differences but to bring out the complications of each side because they have something in common.
SEP: I find it ironic that you're book about gathering has just come out in paperback while we're all social distancing.
Parker: It is an ironic time to deeply understand gatherings when the world is ungathering.
SEP: But you do have this podcast called Together Apart, so I want to know some innovative or inspirational ways you've seen people connecting during this pandemic.
Parker: People are finding really beautiful ways to gather even with social distancing. In this week's episode, which was on birthdays, an aunt and her nephew organized a birthday party in a parking lot for all of the neighbors and asked them to park their cars in a circle and blare pop music and honk as the birthday boy was going to drive through. It was totally amazing to have a release of joy when people are cooped up in their houses, but in a safe way. One interesting thing I've been getting a lot of notes on is people living in neighborhoods all over the country who don't know their neighbors, and all of the sudden, Facebook neighbor groups are popping up saying, "drinks on the lawn, 12 feet apart, 5 p.m."
One powerful thing we've been seeing online is people whose gathering is unique to this time and wouldn't make much sense in other times. D-Nice, this D.J. in Miami, started spinning sets three weeks ago, and some of his dance parties are 100,000 people. Michelle Obama stopped by, Bernie Sanders, Mark Zuckerberg stopped by, but it was literally open to everybody. It was a strange combination, that I think is difficult in in-person gatherings, of elite and deeply democratic while allowing these psychological V.I.P.s through the door. It reminded me of a quote from Studio 54 when Andy Warhol was criticized for the red rope, and he said "It's a dictatorship at the door so that it can be a democracy on the dancefloor." I think D-Nice is this fascinating example of being a democracy at the door and a democracy on the dancefloor.
There are virtual choirs, collective spin classes and knitting classes, Alcoholics Anonymous, happy hours, and everything in between. And I think families are trying to figure out how we can be together apart in a way that's safe but still specifically marks a moment in our lives.
SEP: Do you think this is a good time to reconnect with old friends?
Parker: Absolutely. This is a massive, generational, global interruption, and it's a painful one. It makes us pause and think, who do I love? What have I not been doing when I was overbusy? Beyond the question of reconnecting with old friends, it's really a good time to reconnect with how you want to live. Part of that is who you want to be part of that life.
SEP: What do you hope people take away from your book?
Parker: My deepest hope is that people pause, at work or home or in the public square, and think more intentionally about how we do things together, and then have the courage and the permission to go invent that new way of being.
Featured image: Shutterstock
Culture, Movies, Movies for the Rest of Us
Review: Munich: The Edge of War — Movies for the Rest of Us with Bill Newcott
Bill Newcott
(Nearly) Everyone Loves Greer Garson
Post Editors
Bob McGowan jr. says:
I meant one to one basis in the first paragraph.
You certainly asked Ms. Parker excellent questions in your interview with her here, Nick. There's so much I could say, but it's too soon to even contemplate social gatherings in any form other than phone calls or face time on a one to basis where you can talk to someone normally.
This pandemic has so abnormalized and upended EVERYTHING to the core that frankly the idea of any kind of social gatherings are outrageous and ridiculous. What kind of quality gathering would it even BE with the dark shadows of this pandemic being the ultimate trumpeting of the elephant in the living room, dominating every thought, word and deed?!
This is going to take a long time to recover from, and the realistic constant fears of its returning (I would think) would be enough of a fear factor to keep a large percentage of people unwilling to take chances ever again. I don't think we have any idea of the permanent, restrictive changes this pandemic is going to cause over the long haul. A lot of the tech that may have appeared unnecessary or appealing only to introverts before 2020, will be an important part of the new abnormal. Just the thought of "could I die from this gathering?" is going to put the kibosh on many physical gatherings from now on even if things are declared safe.
One good upside may be at least a reduction of the disgusting greed that has destroyed the Holidays for years now. We'll see. I've been using Christmas cards as my gifts for the past few years with enthusiastic receptions. I'm keeping it. Also, easy excuses to get out of Thanksgiving and Christmas gatherings where my pseudo mother-in-law can embarrass me. No more extinguishing your cigarette in the cupcake frosting, or re-telling everyone how your Boston Terrier ran off with my swimming trunks that time; slapping me for saying "isn't she wonderful?" Mmm hmm. I'm talking to YOU Helen!


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Salary Insights •
More Salary Information
William Adkins - Updated December 27, 2018
What Kind of Jobs Can I Get With a Pilot's License?
Growth Trends for Related Jobs
Aircraft and ... $60,230/year /> 2012-2016 +8.9%
Stationary ... $59,390/year 2012-2016 -8.7%
Hero Images/Hero Images/GettyImages
A private pilot's license is sufficient qualification for flying a small plane, but it won't get you a job as a pilot. Before you can get work flying a plane or other aircraft, you have to complete the training to earn a commercial pilot's license from the Federal Aviation Administration. Some flying jobs require advanced licenses or special certifications as well.
Flying Jobs
Airlines are an important segment of the aviation industry and provide many pilot jobs. An airline is distinguished by flights carrying passengers or cargo on a fixed schedule. Larger aircraft carry a flight crew, typically with three pilots. The captain is usually the most experienced and is assisted by a co-pilot or first officer. The third pilot, called a flight engineer, monitors aircraft instruments. Commercial aviation other than airlines includes a wide variety of jobs. Commercial pilots dust crops with insecticides, perform aerial photography and fly charter flights when and where customers desire. Others help fight fires, monitor urban traffic and assist with search-and-rescue efforts.
The Pilot's Role
A pilot's job starts with inspecting the aircraft and completing a preflight checklist. She checks the engines and control systems, makes sure the aircraft is fueled and not overloaded. As a pilot, you operate the aircraft during takeoff, the flight itself and landing. You must check and monitor the weather and instruments, communicate with air traffic control and navigate the aircraft. Airline pilots may also assist other flight crew members in addressing passenger's needs.
To get a commercial pilot's license, you must be at least 18 years old, accumulate 250 hours flight experience and earn an instrument flight rating. The IFR rating means you know how to fly an aircraft safely in poor weather and when visibility is limited. All pilots must pass a medical check, including an eye exam. Many pilots learn to fly in the military, but you can also train for a commercial license with an FAA-approved instructor or school. If you want a job flying for an airline, you need at least two years of college, but airlines prefer a bachelor's degree and some require one. Airlines usually want you to have at least 750 hours flight time. To advance to captain or co-pilot, you have to earn an airline transport license. At a minimum, this requires 1,500 hours flying experience and you have to be 23 years of age or older.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects an 11 percent overall rise in jobs for pilots from 2010 to 2020. Growth in the airline sector is expected to be only about 6 percent, but positions for commercial pilots are likely to increase by 21 percent. As of 2012, the median salary for airline pilots was $114,200. The 25 percent paid the least made less than $87,240 and the 25 percent best-paid airline pilots earned more than $154,100. The median salary was $73,280 for commercial pilots. The top 25 percent made more than $96,810. The 25 percent lowest-paid commercial pilots had salaries of less than $53,050.
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Based in Atlanta, Georgia, W D Adkins has been writing professionally since 2008. He writes about business, personal finance and careers. Adkins holds master's degrees in history and sociology from Georgia State University. He became a member of the Society of Professional Journalists in 2009.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Scott Minerd is the managing partner and chief investment officer of Guggenheim Partners.
Scott Minerd is a founding managing partner at Guggenheim. He guides the firm's investment strategies and oversees client accounts across a broad range of fixed-income and equity securities.


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A simple example of a practical solution to make patient-feedback more useful
With great interest we read the article of Flott et. al. (1), describing the challenges of using patient-reported feedback. We recognize the challenges described and performed a bachelorproject in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). We think the results from our project provide a potential promising practical solution to make feedback more useful.
In 2013 the UMCG participated in an independent multi-center study conducted among relatives of ICU patients (2). In the open questions of the questionnaire more dissatisfaction than expected was found, which fueled the quest for an alternative, simple and continuous feedback system. In this study we compared the quality and amount of feedback gathered by an oral survey during the first two weeks and an app during the consecutive two weeks.
Between February 20th and March 18th 2017, patients above sixteen years old, listed for discharge from the ICU that day and their relatives were approached to participate in this study. The oral survey consisted of two simple questions: "How satisfied are you with your stay in the ICU? (grade 1-10)" and "Do you have specific suggestions of improvement for the ICU?". The RateIt app (Rate It Limited®, Hong Kong) was used consisting of the same two questions as in the oral survey.
A total of 208 responses (133 patients and 75 relatives) were included. The median satisfaction score was 8. Despite this high score many suggestions for...
A total of 208 responses (133 patients and 75 relatives) were included. The median satisfaction score was 8. Despite this high score many suggestions for improvement (n=95 suggestions given by 68 respondents) were given. The oral survey provided more often suggestions for improvement compared with the app (50 vs. 18 respondents). Suggestions for improvement were more frequently made by relatives compared with patients (57 suggestions given by 37 relatives vs. 38 suggestions given by 31 patients). All improvement suggestions were classified to one of six categories: 'Surroundings' 48/95 (51%), 'Information, communication and education' 23/95 (24%), 'Patient care' 15/95 (16%), 'Attitude, handling and relation caregiver with patient/relatives 7/95 (7%), 'Emotional support' 1/95 (1%) and 'Care for relatives' 1/95 (1%).
This simple study showed that an oral survey results in more suggestions for improvement than an app. The lack of complexity of the survey resulted in very specific, useful and practical suggestions for improvement, which were easily transformed into clear recommendations, such as: "respect sufficient rest of our patients" or "don't forget to provide food to the patients who are able to eat". The survey can easily be repeated in the course of time. These results may give a new perspective on how to conduct feedback studies.
The key suggestions for improvement found in this study were presented to the department in the form of a coat rack, which was an improvement option frequently mentioned by relatives (A coat rack was missing in one of our family rooms). This coat rack will be hung in central places in our department. On this coatrack recommendations based on the most important improvement suggestions will be hung. We think this is one example of a simple, but practical solution to make feedback more useful: every month the recommendations will be replaced by new ones, reminding all caregivers in our department of the feedback given by our patients and their relatives and thereby striving to improve our care.
We are well aware of the fact that the surveys used in the studies described in the article of Flott et al1 are much larger and more complex than the one we used in our study. We just wanted to show that a learning point could be: don't overcomplicate.
1. Flott KM, Graham C, Darzi A, Mayer E. Can we use patient-reported feedback to drive change? The challenges of using patient-reported feedback and how they might be addressed. BMJ Qual Saf 2017;26:502-507.
2. Jensen HI, Gerritsen RT, Koopmans M, Zijlstra JG, Randall Curtis J, Ording H. Families' experiences of intensive care unit quality of care: Development and validation of a European questionnaire (euroQ2). Journal of Critical Care 2015;30(5):884-890.
As you point out Root Cause Analysis will often fail with hospital adverse event (AE) data because it was not designed to deal with data arising in a complex system.1 The same can be said for Pareto analysis. Statistical process control (SPC) methods are often used to summarise AE data, particularly hospital infection data such as surgical site infections (SSIs) and bacteraemias.2 Standard SPC also frequently fails to summarise these complex data correctly.
With binary SSI data an approximate expected rate is frequently available so cumulative observed minus expected and CUSUM analysis are appropriate.2 However, the changing observed rate is not seen unless the numbers of procedures is large enough for them to be grouped by months or quarters. This is often infrequent. Even when such aggregation is possible difficulties arise as the number of procedures in each month may differ markedly. This problem can be dealt with, at least approximately, by employing a generalised additive model (GAM) analysis to the binary data that predicts the observed AE rate at various places in the time series.
Count and rate data such as bacteraemias or new isolates of an antibiotic-resistant organism will usually not have an expected rate available. These data are often grouped by months and a Shewhat chart used for their display. This chart requires a stable centre-line about which reliable control limits can be drawn. Often the mean value is used as the expected rate even though...
Count and rate data such as bacteraemias or new isolates of an antibiotic-resistant organism will usually not have an expected rate available. These data are often grouped by months and a Shewhat chart used for their display. This chart requires a stable centre-line about which reliable control limits can be drawn. Often the mean value is used as the expected rate even though it may be representative of few or none of the monthly data values. This makes the control limits meaningless. A probable way round this is to employ confidence limits for the monthly rates. Viewed as a likelihood supported range this enables the extent of each of the monthly counts or rates to be assessed. If a GAM analysis is added to this the predicted rate and its confidence limits can also be obtained throughout the time series.2
This approach is more in keeping with the complexity of the processes responsible for the AE than is standard SPC that was not designed to deal with complex systems.
As an aside, it is worth noting that some swamps may be valuable ecosystems. This popular analogy is thus a poor one. Like root-cause analysis it belongs to the area of simple/complicated systems, not complex ones.
1.	Morton, A., Whitby, M., Tierney, N., Sibanda, N. and Mengersen, K. 2016. Statistical Methods for Hospital Monitoring. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. 1–8.
2.	Morton A, Mengersen K, Whitby M. and Playford G. Statistical Methods for Hospital Monitoring with R. Chichester John Wiley and Sons 2013.
Promoting Improvement and Learning through Embedded Research
Vindrola-Padros and colleagues provide a helpful examination of co-production of quality improvement knowledge by university-based researchers in cooperation with members of service organizations. Another important type of embedded researcher consists of "fully embedded," researchers, who are academically trained but employed by large care delivery systems. These individuals typically work in research units in the delivery systems. Their work is funded both by the systems themselves and by external, private and public organizations, such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). These fully embedded researchers contribute actively to national professional forums and journals and sometimes collaborate with embedded researchers in other systems.
AHRQ leverages relationships with fully embedded researchers because of their deep and nuanced knowledge of internal system data and operations. Health systems-based researchers' ready access to care sites within which to test new approaches, and to data sources that permit rapid analysis of results of those tests, are of great value to AHRQ as we seek to find solutions to real-world problems in areas of national importance. AHRQ-supported work of this kind demonstrates the value of health delivery organizations becoming "learning health systems"(1) – using their own internal data and resources to drive quality improvement and sharing their findings with other organizations.
AHRQ's collaboration w...
AHRQ's collaboration with researchers in the Palo Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF) Research Institute provides a powerful example of how partnership between fully embedded researchers and external funding agencies contributes to health system learning. AHRQ partnered with Kaiser Permanente and PAMF researchers to study implementation of a Lean-based redesign to improve care delivery efficiency in PAMF's primary care clinics. (2) Applying Lean analysis techniques, PAMF discovered inefficiencies in a pilot primary care clinic and redesigned work roles and work flow to enhance coordination among physicians and to better support them. Key changes included:
•	New roles for medical assistants as a "flow managers," facilitating physician's work and performing administrative tasks like handling email that previously burdened physicians
•	New workflows – including daily huddles for scheduling; agenda setting during patient visits
•	Co-location of physician-medical assistant teams in a shared workspace.
PAMF then tested these new roles and processes in three additional clinics, assessed the improvements' effects, and rolled the changes out to 13 additional clinics.
PAMF researchers interviewed staff to uncover factors influencing successful implementation of these changes and system requirements for successful redesign of care. (3-4) To assess changes in efficiency, they analyzed rich and timely internal data sources such as:
•	Physician efficiency metrics derived from PAMF's time-stamped EHR data and other operational sources
•	PAMF's routine patient and personnel surveys
•	Standardized quality metrics that PAMF reports.
Their research showed that PAMF's primary care redesigns boosted efficiency without sacrificing quality and satisfaction. (5) AHRQ and PAMF disseminated these valuable findings widely through practice –oriented briefs, conference presentations, and webinars, as well as in peer-reviewed papers.
PAMF's fully embedded researchers promoted internal learning by tracking progress and outcomes of the Lean improvement efforts and providing feedback to their system's leaders and staff. AHRQ and the PAMF researchers promoted system-wide learning about Lean-based primary care redesign by broadly disseminating the study's findings and implementation lessons.
1. Bindman A. You're invited: join our conversation about learning health systems. AHRQ views, Jan. 12, 2017. [Internet] 2017; http://www.ahrq.gov/news/blog/ahrqviews/join-our-conversation.html (Accessed 5 June, 2017).
2. Schmittdiel J, Hung D. Executive summary: spreading Lean: taking efficiency interventions in health services delivery to scale. [Internet] 2016; http://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/execsumm-lean... (Accessed 5 June, 2017).
3. Hung D, Gray C, Martinez M, Schmittdiel J, Harrison, MI. Acceptance of Lean redesigns in primary care: a contextual analysis. Health Care Manage Rev 2017; 42:203-212.
4. Gray C, Harrison MI, Hung D. Medical assistants as flow managers in primary care: challenges and recommendations. J. Healthc Manag 2016; 61:181-191.
5. Hung D, Harrison MI, Martinez M, Luft H. Scaling Lean in primary care: impacts on system performance. Am J Manag Care 2017; 23(3):161-168.
Author email: Michael.Harrison@ahrq.hhs.gov
Why are the EMRs not named?
This study uses rigorous analysis to obtain important insights about the realtime information that our patients are handed at discharge. It is puzzling that the EMRs used were not named. One can infer from a look through the MSU website that they have both Cerner and Epic, but why is that necessary? The heart of quality/safety work is one of transparency balanced by humility, i.e. we shouldn't expect our IT systems to be any more perfect than we are, but they won't improve if we don't have more openness. The lack of scientific foundations and published post-marketing surveillance for our EHRs, especially the ascendant ones, was initially surprising. However, as they achieve complete market dominance, with less overt scientific review and public guidance and commentary, the silence is deafening. Is the BMJQS's failure to simply identify the names (or maybe I missed the citations) an oversight, or part of nondisclosure agreements with the vendors at the MSU institutions or at BMJQS?
The contributions of pediatric hospitals to highly reliable healthcare
Richard J. Brilli, MD
In this article, the authors propose that little evidence exists in healthcare to show that application of Highly Reliable Organization (HRO) principles has resulted in significant or sustained improvement in performance. Further, they attribute the problem partially to under- recognizing the role of habit in the process. While we fully agree that forming habitual behavior is essential to creating...
In this article, the authors propose that little evidence exists in healthcare to show that application of Highly Reliable Organization (HRO) principles has resulted in significant or sustained improvement in performance. Further, they attribute the problem partially to under- recognizing the role of habit in the process. While we fully agree that forming habitual behavior is essential to creating an HRO, we are far less pessimistic about the state of affairs in the healthcare industry, particularly in pediatrics.
Vogus and Hillgoss primarily drew their many references to suboptimal implementation of HRO principles from the adult patient care arena. In pediatrics, multiple hospital systems have used HRO principles to achieve significant and sustained improvement in safety performance related to specific metrics such as reducing Adverse Drug Events(1), Hand Hygiene compliance(2), Serious Safety Events(3), as well as reducing all forms of preventable harm across entire systems(4). We are limited by the number of references we are allowed to cite, however we could list at least another dozen papers that show the use of high reliability principles, effectively implemented and linked to sustained and robust improvement in clinical outcomes. Further, beginning over a decade ago, pediatric hospitals joined together to form collaboratives (currently over 100 participants), agreed NOT to compete on quality, to share data, and discover best practices. The collaboratives implement high reliability principles and measure compliance with clinical practice expectations in order to improve outcomes on multiple patient safety related measures. Compliance to various care practice bundles by participating hospitals is at the core of these efforts, and the results are significant(5).
We applaud the Virginia Mason Production System (VMPS) and the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) and the results they have achieved. The cultivation of mindfulness and shared habits through the various mechanisms described are all variations of similar tactics and strategies we have been using in pediatrics. However, we do not agree with the statement that these programs "operate independently of any specific leader". While specific leaders can and do change, we believe that vigorous and steady leadership from the top is necessary to maintain the gains. Therefore, we agree the process can be fragile in the face of leadership change.
The authors did not discuss an element that we believe is essential to achieve optimal quality and safety outcomes: transparency. Early in the Ohio Children's Hospitals' collaborative, the declaration by hospital CEOs to put inter-hospital rivalries and competition aside for the sake of safety was made. Their stated goal was to develop the kind of trust which allowed open data and best practice sharing, so that a culture of rapid information sharing (all teach, all learn) could develop. Real and sustained progress requires internal and external transparency and we suggest the Ohio Solutions for Patient Safety Collaborative results support this belief(5).
To be clear, in pediatrics we are not yet where we want to be regarding quality and safety. Most systems have declared elimination of preventable harm as the ultimate goal - recognizing that, in many ways, it is an un-ending journey, but the only truly acceptable aspirational goal. Yet pediatrics is making measurable and significant progress using HRO principles, and we fully embrace the importance of developing mindful habits as an important part of that process.
References 1. McClead RE, Catt C, Davis JT, Morvay S, Merandi J, Lewe D, Stewart B, Brilli RJ. An Internal Quality Improvement Collaborative Significantly Reduces Hospital-wide Medication Error Related Adverse Drug Events. J Pediatr 2014;165(6):1222-9. 2. Toltziz P, O'Riordan M, Cunningham DJ, Ryckman FC, Bracke TM, Olivea J, Lyren A. A Statewide Collaborative to Reduce Pediatric Surgical Site Infections. Pediatrics 2014;134(4):e1174-e1180. 3. Muething SE, Goudie A, Schoettker PJ, Donnelly LF, Goodfriend MA, Bracke TM, Brady PW, Wheeler DS, Anderson JM, Kotagal UR. Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Serious Safety Events and Improve Patient Safety Culture. Pediatrics 2012;130:e423-e431. 4. Brilli RJ, McClead RE Jr, Crandall WV, Stoverock L, Berry JC, Wheeler TA, Davis JT. A comprehensive patient safety program can significantly reduce preventable harm, associated costs, and hospital mortality. J Pediatr. 2013 Dec;163(6):1638-45. Epub 2013 Jul 30. 5. Lyren A, Brilli R, Bird M, Lashutka N, Muething S. Ohio Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety: A Framework for Pediatric Patient Safety Improvement. J Healthc Qual 2015;38(4):213-222.
Healthcare Complaints: a valid metric for quality of care?
Adam M Ali
I read with interest the paper by Gillespie and Reader presenting the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT) (1). The authors suggest that the HCAT could be used "as an alternative metric of success in meeting standards" and as a way "to benchmark units or regions". However, this makes the assumption that the volume and strength of complaints received is an accurate reflection of the standard of care being delivered....
I read with interest the paper by Gillespie and Reader presenting the Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT) (1). The authors suggest that the HCAT could be used "as an alternative metric of success in meeting standards" and as a way "to benchmark units or regions". However, this makes the assumption that the volume and strength of complaints received is an accurate reflection of the standard of care being delivered. In fact, it may be more heavily influenced by the ability and willingness of patients (or their relatives) to make a complaint. A hospital or unit could have a poor standard of care but receive few complaints, especially if it has a high proportion of patients from demographic groups that are less likely to complain. For example, a recent report from the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman found far fewer complaints from the elderly than would be expected based upon their service usage (2). Patients from certain ethnic minorities and less affluent social grades have also been identified as groups less likely to complain (3). Moreover, many complaints may be verbalised but not formally articulated in a written statement (4). The HCAT may have a valuable role in organising complaints, but using it to benchmark quality as the authors suggest could be misleading and give a false sense of reassurance. We must have a mechanism to systematically assess poor quality care and whilst written patient complaints can be part of this, it should not be regarded as an independent metric of quality.
1. Gillespie A and Reader TW. The Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool: development and reliability testing of a method for service monitoring and organisational learning. BMJ Qual. Saf. 2016 25:937-946
2. Breaking down the barriers: older people and complaints about health care. Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman December 2015. Available at: http://www.ombudsman.org.uk/about-us/news-centre/press- releases/2015/frail-older-people-too-afraid-to-complain-about-poor-care [accessed 11/12/16]
3. Fear of raising concerns about care. A research report for the Care Quality Commission. April 2013. Available at: https://www.cqc.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/201304_fear_of_raising_complaints_icm_care_research_report_final.pdf [accessed 11/12/16]
4. Cornwell J, Levenson R, Sonola L, Poteliakhoff E. Continuity of care for older hospital patients. A call for action. The King's Fund, March 2012. Available at: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/field/field_publication_file/continuity -of-care-for-older-hospital-patients-mar-2012.pdf [accessed 11/12/16]
Authors response: Role of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Facilitating Medication Errors
Olivia Ferrandez Quirante
We have read with great interest the article by Schiff G D et al.,1 in which 6.1% of errors reported to the United States Pharmacopeia MEDMARX reporting system were classified as being related to the computerized prescription order entry (CPOE) system, representing the third most frequently reported errors in this notification system.
Similarly, in a study conducted in our hospital, appro...
Similarly, in a study conducted in our hospital, approximately 24% of drug-related problems were due to the use of the CPOE.2 This type of error was more frequently detected after a team of clinical pharmacists reviewed the drug treatment of hospital inpatients.
One of the major limitations of current classifications of drug- related problems is that they do not include the various types of CPOE- related errors.3,4 Consequently, Schiff et al. developed a new taxonomy for this type of error, which is essential for epidemiological surveillance and for the continual improvement of the safety of CPOE systems. These authors identified the 25 most frequent CPOE-related errors. Similarly, the 8 most frequent types of CPOE-related error in our study were the following: 1) Drugs included in the hospital formulary but prescribed as "not available" in the CPOE (for example, spelling mistakes or the use of the brand rather than the generic name lead to a failure to find the drug in the application). 2) Duplicate orders (exact same drug and dosage). 3) Incorrect entry of a prescribed dose resulting in a higher or lower recommended dosage. 4) Inappropriate frequency of administration (frequencies are often specified in a free text comment). For example, digoxin, 1 tablet per day; the free text comments field may state "except Saturday and Sunday". Since the free text comment bypasses the computer circuit designed for discontinuous regimens, the medication chart will state that this drug should be administered on Saturdays and Sundays. 5) Inappropriate route of administration. 6) Inappropriate treatment duration (due to failure to use of the end-date field or days of duration).7) Unintended discrepancies in dosage (prescribed dosage different from patients' existing dosage). 8) Designation of a clinical trial drug as "not included in the hospital formulary" instead of the use of a specific clinical trials application for the CPOE.
Unlike the study by Schiff et al., one of the most frequently encountered CPOE-related errors in our experience was prescription of a drug included in the hospital formulary using an option in the CPOE designed for those drugs not available in the formulary, which can lead to a delay in administering the drug to the patient, because the prescribed drug requires pharmaceutical validation as if it were not included in the formulary and nursing staff do not visualize it as included in the medication chart to be administered. Unlike our study, one of the codes identified by Schiff et al. was nursing administration issues. The lack of this type of error in our study was due to the specific implantation, parallel to that of the CPOE, of a computerized application that includes information on the mode of drug administration for nursing staff with the aim of unifying this process in the hospital.5 Together with this information, the application allows the time of administration of each drug to be specified, such that the time of administration will appear automatically after its prescription, as well as the compatible diluent(s) for those drugs requiring dilution.
Our study may have identified a lower number of types of CPOE-related errors because the sample was drawn from a single hospital and because we included only those errors due to the use of the CPOE.
In addition to analysing CPOE-related errors, Schiff et al. also evaluated the causes of these errors and identified codes for their prevention. Similarly, in our hospital, several strategies were progressively adopted to reduce this type of error. Thus, administration units were adapted to paediatric patients, numerous computerized protocols were designed to standardise drugs associated with specific processes, and the CPOE was modified to allow visualization, in the lower part of the admission order, of the drug and dosage previously taken by the patient before admission. However, several safety aspects related to the CPOE remain to be resolved. One of the limitations of our study is that it is difficult to extrapolate the CPOE system to other hospital settings, given that the system was designed and developed specifically for the characteristics of our hospital and is not commercially available. One of the strengths of our study is that the data are drawn from a prospective review of all the drug treatments by a team of clinical pharmacists, while data from other studies have been drawn from voluntary notification systems, which could lead to underdetection of errors as well as a lack of data on their registration.
In our opinion, the study by Schiff et al. is a highly valuable contribution, because, in addition to providing a new classification of CPOE-related errors, it also describes strategies for their prevention. Given the strong impact of this type of errors, a common classification system for CPOE-related errors is essential. Such a system would allow benchmarking between different hospitals independently of the CPOE system used, which in turn would allow the development of error prevention systems and/or new CPOE systems to avoid them.
Olatz Urbina Bengoa1, Olivia Ferrandez Quirante1, Marta De Antonio Cusco1, Nuria Carballo Martinez1 ,Santiago Grau Cerrato1
1Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar Pg Maritim, 25-29, CP 08003-Barcelona Tel: 932483704 Fax: 932483256
1.	Schiff GD, Amato MG, Eguale T, et al. Computerised physician order entry-related medication errors: analysis of reported errors and vulnerability testing of current systems. BMJ Qual Saf 2015;24(4):264-71.
2.	Urbina O, Ferrandez O, Grau S, et al. Design of a score to identify hospitalized patients at risk of drug-related problems. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23(9):923-32.
3.	Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe. The PCNE classification for drug-related problems V 6.2 [Internet]. 2010; http://www.pcne.org. (Accesed 22 Nov 2016)
4.	van Mil JW, Westerlund LO, Hersberger KE, Schaefer MA. Drug- related problem classification systems. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38(5):859- 67.
5.	Salas E, Bastida M, Grau S, et al. Quality project to improve drug administration in the hospital trust of thecitycouncil of Barcelona. International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care. British Medical Journal Group. Barcelona, April 2007. (Oral communication). (Data not published).
Weekend Effect (again) and Erudite Company
Andrew Stein
In this paper, Professor Sutton's team attribute higher hospital death rates at the weekend to the patients being sicker. Sutton is joining very erudite company (Prof Hawking, Prof Winston and the BMA). This group is rapidly becoming the 'climate change deniers' of healthcare. Not including this study, there have been 50 very large studies (>100,000 patients) published so far in this area (supplied on request). 44 show...
In this paper, Professor Sutton's team attribute higher hospital death rates at the weekend to the patients being sicker. Sutton is joining very erudite company (Prof Hawking, Prof Winston and the BMA). This group is rapidly becoming the 'climate change deniers' of healthcare. Not including this study, there have been 50 very large studies (>100,000 patients) published so far in this area (supplied on request). 44 showed a weekend effect. These studies used multivariate analysis (to take out confounding variables, like sickness).
This effect has been shown in emergency and elective admissions, all over the developed world. It is nothing to do with the UK. Even the degree of increased risk (approximately 10%) is the same, in almost all of the studies. It is even more strange that Sutton, in this paper, concluded "Sunday daytime was .. associated with a higher mortality risk .. compared with Wednesday daytime" (relative risk 6%) - but this was not emphasised.
In other words, whether you have an emergency admission, or a have a planned operation, you have an approximately 10% greater chance of dying if you are admitted at the weekend. Perhaps these Professors (and the BMA) should read the literature before they continue to confuse the public. I presume they would trust the NHS to look after their own health (or that of their family) at the weekend.
Dr Andrew Stein Consultant Physician
I was one of the authors of NHSE's 7DS 10 Clinical Standards in Dec 2013
SPC Versus GAM for hospital adverse events arising in a complex system
Anthony P Morton
Statistical process control works well when there is independence and linearity. Complex systems produce data that are often not independent, often nonlinear and display self-organisation and emergent behaviour. To say that statistical process control works when behaviour is emergent may make little sense. Increasingly adverse events like colonisation with antibiotic-resistant organisms arise in a complex system. Although...
Statistical process control works well when there is independence and linearity. Complex systems produce data that are often not independent, often nonlinear and display self-organisation and emergent behaviour. To say that statistical process control works when behaviour is emergent may make little sense. Increasingly adverse events like colonisation with antibiotic-resistant organisms arise in a complex system. Although the latter may be influenced favourably by using bundles, checklists and morbidity and mortality analysis, this is not the same as statistical process control. Each recent year and especially the most recent, we have seen the apparent superiority of generalised additive models in preparing summaries of the hospital's infection management annual report. The idea that generalised additive models work best when there is a complex system could be important if substantiated.
Improving safety culture to reduce adverse events
Girish Swaminathan
Reynolds et al1 reported the impact of providing prescriber feedback in reducing prescribing errors. The authors have concluded that reducing prescribing errors needs a multifaceted approach and feedback alone is not sufficient. Medication errors are often preventable and inappropriate prescribing is identified as an important contributing factor to medication errors.2 It is interesting to note that despite regular feedb...
Reynolds et al1 reported the impact of providing prescriber feedback in reducing prescribing errors. The authors have concluded that reducing prescribing errors needs a multifaceted approach and feedback alone is not sufficient. Medication errors are often preventable and inappropriate prescribing is identified as an important contributing factor to medication errors.2 It is interesting to note that despite regular feedback, prescribing errors are not improved. It shows a failure in improving underlying prescribing culture.
We need a shift in how we consider safety issues in an organisation. It is important to assess underlying safety climate in an organisation. Medication safety issues should be discussed as part of interdisciplinary rounding or daily safety huddles. If medication errors were considered as a safety concern during huddles or interdisciplinary rounding then prescribers could see how errors can impact individual patients and it may result in practice changes. Interventions that focus on improving safety culture has proven to be effective in reducing adverse events in hospitals such as catheter associated blood stream infections.3
It is also well recognised that a committed leadership and supportive organisational culture is important in bringing practice changes.4 Senior doctors play an important role in developing the prescribing culture of junior doctors. Junior doctors have reported that early in their career, their senior colleagues primarily influence prescribing practices.5 While the authors decision to target junior doctors prescribing is based on valid reasons, the lack of involvement of senior doctors in the feedback process may have limited its effectiveness in bringing practice changes. It may have been worthwhile considering the prescribing practices of a team including the consultants and not just the prescribing of junior doctors.
In conclusion, it is evident that feedback alone does not change prescribing practices and we need a shift in our approach towards safety and build an organisational culture that consider safety as a key priority.
1. Reynolds M, Jheeta S, Benn J, et al. Improving feedback on junior doctors' prescribing errors: mixed-methods evaluation of a quality improvement project. BMJ Qual Saf 2016:bmjqs-2015-004717. 2. Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS. To err is human: building a safer health system. Washington D.C: National Academies Press, 2000. 3. Pronovost PJ, Berenholtz SM, Goeschel CA, et al. Creating high reliability in health care organizations. Health Serv Res 2006;41(4p2):1599-617. 4. Kaplan GS, Patterson SH, Ching JM, et al. Why Lean doesn't work for everyone. BMJ Qual Saf 2014:bmjqs-2014-003248. 5. De Souza V, MacFarlane A, Murphy AW, et al. A qualitative study of factors influencing antimicrobial prescribing by non-consultant hospital doctors. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;58(4):840-43.


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Vodafone complaints force payout news
Vodafone has paid nearly $270,000 to customers following a Commerce Commission investigation into the company's "Broadband Lite" promotion.
The investigation stemmed from complaints made by Vodafone customers who believed they'd been misled about the Broadband Lite service or not fully informed of its terms and conditions.
Between July 2009 and September 2011, Vodafone offered the service free to customers for a three-month trial. If they didn't want to continue with the service, customers had to notify Vodafone before the trial period ended. Customers who didn't cancel would be billed at $10 a month.
Vodafone undertook to send a text message reminding customers to cancel if they didn't want to be charged when the free trial finished. But the commission's investigation found close to 8000 customers didn't receive this text. It also found around 3000 customers did cancel but were still charged.
Company agrees to a settlement
The company agreed to a settlement with the commission in December, admitting its conduct was likely to have breached the Fair Trading Act. The commission's Consumer Manager Stuart Wallace said the decision to settle rather than go to court "took into account the fact that Vodafone put things right as soon as it became aware of the problems".
This isn't the first time Vodafone has been investigated under the Fair Trading Act. In [our article on the enforcement of the Act], we report the company has received two compliance-advice letters and a warning as a result of investigations in the last three years. In 2012, it was stung with fines close to $1m for misleading promotions run at various times between 2006 and 2009.
More from consumer.org.nz
The Fair Trading Act
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Triumph plant in Hot Springs helping to make face masks
BusinessHealthcareManufacturingNews Briefs
by Talk Business & Politics staff ([email protected]) April 7, 2020 6:05 pm 804 views
The Hot Springs operation of Triumph Group is reconfiguring operations to help produce non-medical fabric masks needed during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The Berwyn, Pa.-based company and its Triumph Group Foundation announced Tuesday (April 7) that the company's factories will use their manufacturing resources to produce personal protective equipment (PPE) and components for oxygen distributors for first responders and local hospitals.
The Triumph Systems & Support site in Isle of Man is partnering with Nobel's Hospital to produce valves using 3D printers that are retrofitted on snorkeling masks and connected to oxygen distributors to create makeshift ventilator masks. The site is working with other local manufacturers to produce approximately 650 valves per week.
The Triumph Systems & Support aftermarket repair businesses in Atlanta and Hot Springs will aid in the production of nonmedical fabric masks used to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets to the face. These sites will provide the high-demand form of PPE for other Triumph sites as well as community partners.
Several other Triumph sites in the U.S. will produce 3D printed face shields for first responders using approved design templates. The company's facilities in Red Oak, Texas, and Park City, Utah, have the capacity to print approximately 1,000 units per week. The company is also exploring opportunities to print ventilator parts.
"While we work together to keep our fellow team members safe and factories open, Triumph wants to do our part to help in the crisis and produce PPE items that help safeguard our workforce and support our local communities," Dan Crowley, Triumph Group president and CEO, said in a statement.
The foundation also is providing donations to to Philabundance Food Bank, Project Home, Operation Homefront, the Red Cross and the United Way.
Triumph Group designs, engineers, manufactures, repairs and overhauls a broad portfolio of aerospace and defense systems, components and structures. The company's clients are involved in the global aviation industry, including original equipment manufacturers and the full spectrum of military and commercial aircraft operators.
West Memphis issues safer at home decree; Jackson County last in NEA with no confirmed cases
Analysts peg J.B. Hunt earnings per share to fall, revenue to rise in first quarter


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Found 20 collections related to Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956
Goetz, Ruth
Ruth and Augustus Goetz papers, 1892-1954
.5 linear feet (2 boxes)
Ruth Goodman Goetz (1912- ) and Augustus Goetz (1889-1957) collaborated on writing plays for the theatre and movies. Her father, Philip Goodman (1885-1940), was a producer of Broadway plays and musicals. Collection consists of correspondence,... more
Ruth Goodman Goetz (1912- ) and Augustus Goetz (1889-1957) collaborated on writing plays for the theatre and movies. Her father, Philip Goodman (1885-1940), was a producer of Broadway plays and musicals. Collection consists of correspondence, literary manuscripts and miscellaneous materials concerning the work of Ruth and Augustus Goetz. Includes papers relating to Ruth Goetz's father and mother, Philip Goodman and Lily Cartun Goodman; correspondence, 1932-1942, with Henry L. Mencken; and manuscripts of The Hidden River by Ruth and Augustus Goetz, Here's Looking at Them by Philip Goodman, and According to the Text in Shylock by Jules E. Goodman. less
Mencken, H.L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956
H. L. Mencken letter to E. W. Heffer, 1918 April 9
.1 linear feet (1 folder)
A short letter from H. L. Mencken to Ernest W. Heffer regarding the book Pistols for Two, which Mencken published under the pseudonym Owen Hatteras. Mencken also comments briefly on the ongoing World War and the... more
A short letter from H. L. Mencken to Ernest W. Heffer regarding the book Pistols for Two, which Mencken published under the pseudonym Owen Hatteras. Mencken also comments briefly on the ongoing World War and the internment of Maurice L. Ettinghausen. less
Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956
H.L. Mencken papers, 1905-1956
48 linear feet (120 boxes and 7 slipcases); 69 microfilm reels
H.L. Mencken (1880-1956), journalist, author and critic, worked as a reporter and drama critic for the Baltimore Morning Herald from 1899 to 1906. From 1906 to the end of his working career he was at the Baltimore Evening Sun where he wrote the... more
H.L. Mencken (1880-1956), journalist, author and critic, worked as a reporter and drama critic for the Baltimore Morning Herald from 1899 to 1906. From 1906 to the end of his working career he was at the Baltimore Evening Sun where he wrote the column "Free Lance" in which he expressed his views on literature, politics and society. He was book review editor for the magazine Smart Set from 1908 to 1924 when he started a new magazine, American Mercury, a journal of sociology and politics. He retired from American Mercury in 1933 and concentrated on writing for the Baltimore Sun and encouraging young literary talent. He also wrote books and articles including his classic, The American Language, which he first published in 1918 and continued revising until 1948. The bulk of the collection is Mencken's correspondence with a wide range of prominent people in the literary, artistic and political world of his time. Remaining papers are literary manuscripts by Mencken and others. Correspondence consists of about 30,000 letters, notes, postcards, and memoranda to and from Mencken. His correspondents include authors, journalists, editors, publishers, politicians, critics, and educators, as well as contributors to The American Language, Smart Set and American Mercury. He also exchanged letters with acquaintances, readers and members of his family. Manuscripts consist of poems and stories written by contemporary authors and two of Mencken's autobiographical works: My Life As Author and Editor, and Thirty-Five Years of Newspaper Work. less
Seitz, Don C. (Don Carlos), 1862-1935
Don Carlos Seitz papers, 1882-1934
2 linear feet (3 boxes, 2 packages)
Don Carlos Seitz (1862-1935), American journalist and author, worked for several magazines and newspapers, including the New York World where he was business manager from 1898 to 1923. In addition to his editorial career, he wrote biographies and... more
Don Carlos Seitz (1862-1935), American journalist and author, worked for several magazines and newspapers, including the New York World where he was business manager from 1898 to 1923. In addition to his editorial career, he wrote biographies and articles for magazines. Collection consists of correspondence and typescripts by Seitz. Correspondence, 1882-1934, mostly incoming, is with political leaders, authors, publishers, editors, and literary people. Topics covered are the New York World, Joseph Pulitzer and Seitz's books. Also, typescripts, 1925 and 1929, with corrections by Seitz. less
Sayre, Joel, 1900-1979
Joel Sayre papers, 1918-1979 [bulk 1950s-1970s]
3.2 linear feet (11 boxes)
The papers reflect the life and career of Joel G. Sayre (1900-1979), journalist, author, screenwriter and foreign correspondent.
Thompson, Ralph, 1904-1979
Ralph Thompson papers, 1929-1960
Ralph Thompson (1904-1979) was an American author, teacher and editor. He was a book critic at the New York Times and a contributing editor at Time Magazine, wrote reference works and translations, and was editor of the Book-of-the-Month Club from... more
Ralph Thompson (1904-1979) was an American author, teacher and editor. He was a book critic at the New York Times and a contributing editor at Time Magazine, wrote reference works and translations, and was editor of the Book-of-the-Month Club from 1951 until 1975. Collection contains correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, and printed matter relating to Thompson's work. Bulk of the correspondence consists of letters to Thompson mainly from authors and readers of his reviews while he was a book columnist at the New York Times. Also, original manuscripts by Thompson and others, pamphlets on literary works, and photographs of a mountain-climbing expedition to Mount Everest. less
Letters » MENCKEN, H. L., 1880-1956
Goldberg, Isaac, 1887-1938
Isaac Goldberg papers, 1919-1938
6 linear feet (6 boxes, 1 folder)
Isaac Goldberg (1887-1938) was an American author, critic and editor. He was literary editor at the American Freeman from 1923 to 1932 and music reviewer for American Mercury from 1930 to 1932. He also was a founder and editor of Panorama and an... more
Isaac Goldberg (1887-1938) was an American author, critic and editor. He was literary editor at the American Freeman from 1923 to 1932 and music reviewer for American Mercury from 1930 to 1932. He also was a founder and editor of Panorama and an editor of The Reviewer. His works included biographies, books on literature and the theatre, and translations of novels, plays and criticism from Yiddish as well as major European languages. Collection consists of correspondence, typescripts, research notes, student notebooks, photographs, and clippings. Correspondence, ca. 1919-ca. 1936, is with writers, critics, publishers, producers, scholars, and editors. Also, typescripts of books and articles by Goldberg and others, research notes and associated materials relating to the subjects of Goldberg's biographies, student notebooks he kept at Harvard, photographs, and newspaper clippings. less
Crowell-Collier Publishing Company
Crowell-Collier Publishing Company records, 1931-1955
806 linear feet (808 boxes)
The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, American publishers of popular periodicals and educational and technical manuals, was incorporated in 1920 as the Crowell Publishing Company. The name was changed to Crowell-Collier in 1939, and to Crowell,... more
The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, American publishers of popular periodicals and educational and technical manuals, was incorporated in 1920 as the Crowell Publishing Company. The name was changed to Crowell-Collier in 1939, and to Crowell, Collier and Macmillan, Inc. in 1965. The firm published American Magazine, Collier's Magazine, The Country Home, Woman's Home Companion, and National Weekly. Collection consists of correspondence, readers' reports, typescripts, proofs, memoranda, and photographs relating to the publishing activities of Crowell-Collier. Records are mainly correspondence, 1931-1950, of the editors of the magazines published by the firm, with the bulk concerning Collier's and Woman's Home Companion. Editors' correspondence with authors, literary agents, photographers, and cartoonists reflects the changes in editorial policy and shifts in popular taste during the period between the early thirties and the mid-fifties. Collection also includes inter-office correspondence, 1933, 1946; readers' reports, 1933; edited authors' typescripts and editors' proofs of articles, short stories, and serialized novels published in Collier's from 1935 through 1955, with some correspondence and editorial memoranda; and a few photographs. less
Pynson Printers
Pynson Printers records, 1927-1933
Pynson Printers, founded in 1922 in New York by typographer Elmer Adler, was a private press that produced many limited edition books. In 1930 Adler began publishing The Colophon, a quarterly for book collectors. Both Pynson Printers and The... more
Pynson Printers, founded in 1922 in New York by typographer Elmer Adler, was a private press that produced many limited edition books. In 1930 Adler began publishing The Colophon, a quarterly for book collectors. Both Pynson Printers and The Colophon ceased operations in 1940. Collection consists of correspondence and other materials relating to Pynson Printers and The Colophon. Bulk of the collection consists of Elmer Adler's correspondence files, 1927-1932, kept while he was running Pynson Printers and organizing and editing The Colophon. With the correspondence are memoranda, clippings, order forms for subscriptions to The Colophon, back issues, bills and invoices, notes, sketches, printed materials, and a few photographs of The Colophon. Topics include all aspects of Pynson Printers operations, matters relating to specific books printed by Pynson, and Adler's activities as a consultant on typography. Also, Colophon subscripton correspondence and order forms, and letters to the editors in response to an offer of a brochure about the periodical. less
Johnson, Merle De Vore, 1874-1935
Merle De Vore Johnson papers, 1849-1935 [bulk 1926-1935]
2.1 linear feet (5 boxes)
Merle De Vore Johnson (1874-1935) was an American bibliographer and book collector, as well as a cartoonist and illustrator. He compiled bibliographies on Mark Twain, James Branch Cabell and American first editions, and collected books and... more
Merle De Vore Johnson (1874-1935) was an American bibliographer and book collector, as well as a cartoonist and illustrator. He compiled bibliographies on Mark Twain, James Branch Cabell and American first editions, and collected books and pamphlets by and about Woodrow Wilson. His identification of first issues of works by American authors and his bibliographical research established him as the leading authority on American books from 1835 to 1935, especially those published after 1870. He also illustrated many books and contributed illustrations and cartoons to popular magazines. Collection consists of an autograph collection and Johnson's research papers and bibliographic reference files. Autograph collection, 1849-1935, contains letters, calling cards and photographs, chiefly from American writers and artists. Papers, 1923-1933, used in the preparation of the second edition of American First Editions (1932) include enumerative bibliographies and Johnson's correspondence with American authors, publishers and collectors. Bulk of the collection consists of papers used in the preparation of the revised edition of A Bibliography of Mark Twain (1935) and includes descriptive bibliographies and notes on Twain's works. Also, Johnson's bibliographic notes for an unpublished work on British poems and his reference files which contain correspondence, notes, bibliographies, and clippings. less
Masters, Edgar Lee, 1868-1950
Masters-Davis collection, 1928, 1930-1977, 1928-1955 [bulk 1936-1944]
2 linear feet (2 boxes)
Edgar Lee Masters (1868-1950), poet, novelist, and biographer, was born in Kansas and raised in Illinois. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and practiced law for many years in Chicago, including a stint with Clarence Darrow, 1903-1911. However,... more
Edgar Lee Masters (1868-1950), poet, novelist, and biographer, was born in Kansas and raised in Illinois. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and practiced law for many years in Chicago, including a stint with Clarence Darrow, 1903-1911. However, his true vocation was writing; over a period of nearly thirty years he produced more than forty books of poetry and prose, including biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Vachel Lindsey, Walt Whitman, and Mark Twain. His most famous work was Spoon River Anthology (1915), first published the previous year as a series of 244 epitaphs in free verse in Reedy's Mirror of St. Louis under the pseudonym Webster Ford. He was married twice, to Helen Jenkins in 1898 and to Ellen Frances Coyne in 1923, and had four children. However, from 1931 to 1944 he lived alone in the Chelsea Hotel in New York City where he became acquainted with Alice Davis (later Tibbetts). Masters died in 1950 in Melrose, Pennsylvania. Collection consists of correspondence, poetry, an extensive journal of Alice Davis's, snapshots, and miscellaneous printed material documenting the relationship between Alice E. Davis (later Tibbetts) and Edgar Lee Masters while they both lived in the Chelsea Hotel. Bulk of the collection consists of letters from Masters to Davis as well as considerable typescript and holograph poetry written by Masters and often dedicated to Davis, 1936-1944. There is also correspondence between Davis and members of Masters's family as well as between Davis and August Derleth, Dorothy Dow, Theodore Dreiser, H.L. Mencken, Dudley Nichols, Norman Vincent Peale, and Louis Quarles. In addition, the collection includes Davis's extensive typescript journal covering the early years of her friendship with Masters, 1935-1938. There are also programs, playbills, and clippings pertaining to Masters, particularly to the Broadway production of Spoon River Anthology in 1963 and printed material relating to the Chelsea Hotel. less
Oppenheim, James, 1882-1932
James Oppenheim papers, 1898-1932
James Oppenheim (1882-1932), an American poet, novelist and editor, was a member of the bohemian circle of poets, artists and intellectuals that flourished in Greenwich Village, New York, during the 1910s. He began his career writing short stories... more
James Oppenheim (1882-1932), an American poet, novelist and editor, was a member of the bohemian circle of poets, artists and intellectuals that flourished in Greenwich Village, New York, during the 1910s. He began his career writing short stories and poetry for popular magazines and established himself as one of the leading younger poets with the publication of his verse collection Songs for the New Age (1914). In 1916 he founded the literary magazine The Seven Arts with Waldo Frank and Paul Rosenfeld; the magazine folded the next year because of the editorial policy attacking U.S. participation in World War I. Oppenheim became an adherent of psychoanalysis, in particular the theories of Carl Jung, and devoted most of his later poetic work to psychoanalytic investigations. Collection consists of correspondence, writings, editorial materials, financial and legal papers, drawings, photographs, and ephemera documenting Oppenheim's literary career and personal life. Correspondence, 1899-1932, with family friends and literary associates concerns literary, personal and business matters. Writings, 1898-1932, include poetry, dramatic works, novels, stories, articles, and notes as well as his "Dream Diaries" in which he recorded his dreams and self-analysis. Seven Arts materials, 1916-1917, consist of drafts of letters, fiscal and legal records, and printed matter. Also, Oppenheim's financial and legal papers, 1922-1932; personal ephemera; and ink drawings, ca. 1920-1925, by Oppenheim and his companion Gertrude Smith. less
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.;Bragdon, Claude Fayette, 1866-1946
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. records, 1914-1961 [bulk 1930s-1950s]
Manuscripts and Archives Division | MssCol 47
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., founded in 1915 by Alfred A. Knopf (1892-1984), started by publishing translations of Russian and European works. By the 1920s, Knopf was publishing major American authors yet continued to publish important European authors... more
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., founded in 1915 by Alfred A. Knopf (1892-1984), started by publishing translations of Russian and European works. By the 1920s, Knopf was publishing major American authors yet continued to publish important European authors as well. Knopf was renowned not only for its impressive list of authors but for the quality of its book production. The firm was acquired by Random House in 1960. Collection contains correspondence, manuscript records, readers' reports, press clippings of reviews, press releases, and typescripts of books published by Knopf. Knopf's correspondence, 1914-1951, consists primarily of letters to and from Knopf authors regarding publication of their work or that of other writers in the same field of expertise. Manuscript records and readers' reports, 1930-1947, include brief plot summaries and readers' opinions. Manuscript rejection correspondence, 1939-1943, contains letters from authors submitting manuscripts, and standard rejection letters from Knopf's editorial staff. Children's Department records, 1952-1961, of rejected manuscripts include short summaries and evaluations. Files of press clippings, 1930s to 1950s, of reviews of Knopf books also contain some sample book jackets and press releases. In addition to typescripts, 1937-1944, of books published by Knopf, series includes galleys and page proofs. less
Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964
Carl Van Vechten papers, 1833-1965 [bulk 1920-1940]
156.3 linear feet (208 boxes, 339 v.)
Carl Van Vechten (1880-1964) was a writer, promoter of African-American artists during the Harlem Renaissance, patron of the arts, and photographer. After he graduated from the University of Chicago in 1930, he entered upon a career as a reporter... more
Carl Van Vechten (1880-1964) was a writer, promoter of African-American artists during the Harlem Renaissance, patron of the arts, and photographer. After he graduated from the University of Chicago in 1930, he entered upon a career as a reporter for newspapers that included The American in Chicago and within a few years The New York Times. At the latter he served as an overseas correspondent in Paris and subsequently as an assistant to the music critic Richard Aldrich in New York City. Van Vechten moved to New York City in 1906 with his first wife Anna Elizabeth Snyder, a teacher. After his divorce in 1912, Van Vechten met and married the stage actress Fania Marinoff. Marinoff made her stage debut at the age of eight in a stock company, and eventually developed a successful stage career. Van Vechten's novels include The Blind-Bow Boy, Interpreters and Interpretations, Nigger Heaven, Peter Whiffle, Tiger By the Tail, and The Tattooed Countess. Van Vechten promoted the careers of many authors' works by writing introductions to their monographs. In his second successful career as a photographer, he had the opportunity to photograph, and to have himself photographed, with many literary figures, stage and screen stars and others. Papers reflect Van Vechten's social life and professional career as a writer, photographer and patron of the arts; they also document Van Vechten's literary and artistic circle of friends and colleagues. An avid collector, Van Vechten retained the letters of prominent individuals who corresponded with him including Ralph Barton, James Branch Cabell, Arthur Davidson Ficke, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Donald Gallup, Langston Hughes, Edward Jablonski, Klaus Jonas, James Weldon Johnson, Mabel Dodge Luhan, Bruce Kellner, Saul Mauriber, H. L. Mencken, Georgia O'Keeffe, Alfred Stieglitz, Florine Stettheimer, and Henrietta Stettheimer. Papers are also rich in Van Vechten's photographs of prominent individuals, and in 19th century photographs of his family in Iowa. Multiple editions of Van Vechten's monographs and the monographs of others add to the diversity of the papers. Many of the monographs have been autographed by the author. less
Butler, Ellis Parker, 1869-1937
Ellis Parker Butler papers, 1899-1936
Ellis Parker Butler was an American author best known for his story "Pigs is Pigs" (1905). During his lifetime he wrote 30 books and more than 2,000 stories and essays. His papers consist of his correspondence, a typescript of his story "The... more
Ellis Parker Butler was an American author best known for his story "Pigs is Pigs" (1905). During his lifetime he wrote 30 books and more than 2,000 stories and essays. His papers consist of his correspondence, a typescript of his story "The Goldfish Mystery" (1935), and a few pieces of ephemera. The correspondence includes letters from authors, editors, artists, politicians and others, together with some of Butler's replies, concerning the publication of his stories; his activities in connection with the Authors' League of America, the Authors' Guild, various clubs, committees and charities; and personal matters. Correspondents include Ellery Sedgwick and staff of The Atlantic Monthly, H.L. Mencken, writer and filmmaker Rex Beach, authors Porter Emerson Browne, Ernest Poole, Richard Harding Davis, Hamlin Garland, and George Barr McCutcheon, artist Tony Sarg, and many others. less
Sterling, George, 1869-1926
George Sterling collection of papers, 1897-1926
Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature | Berg Coll MSS Sterling
This is a synthetic collection consisting of manuscripts, typescripts, correspondence, and a portrait.
Gish, Lillian, 1893-1993
Lillian Gish papers, 1909-1992
The Lillian Gish papers (75 lf.) span the years 1909-1992 and consist of correspondence including letters from friends, family, fans and business associates, personal papers, business, legal and financial documents, scripts, writings, photographs... more
The Lillian Gish papers (75 lf.) span the years 1909-1992 and consist of correspondence including letters from friends, family, fans and business associates, personal papers, business, legal and financial documents, scripts, writings, photographs including early D.W. Griffith silent film photographs both candid shots taken during shooting and film stills, portraits by famous photographers, personal and family photographs, publicity and production photographs and snapshots, scrapbooks on the careers of both Dorothy and Lillian Gish, programs for early silent films and theatrical productions, clippings and ephemera that document the life and career of Lillian and Dorothy Gish from the early 1900's until Lillian's death in 1993. less
Sargent, George H. (George Henry), 1867-1931
George Henry Sargent papers, 1883-1930
5 linear feet (14 boxes)
George Henry Sargent (1867-1931), American bibliographer and journalist, was associated with the Boston Evening Transcript from 1895 until 1931. He wrote books and articles on bibliography and a column, The Bibliographer, about rare books.... more
George Henry Sargent (1867-1931), American bibliographer and journalist, was associated with the Boston Evening Transcript from 1895 until 1931. He wrote books and articles on bibliography and a column, The Bibliographer, about rare books. Collection consists of correspondence relating to bibliography, personal and professional papers, and Sargent's autograph and facsimile collections. Correspondence, 1883-1930, is from readers of his column, bibliographical colleagues, and family members. Personal and business papers, ca. 1910s-1930, include lists and descriptions of books and manuscripts in libraries and private collections; typescripts of Sargent's essays on bibliographical topics and some poems; accounts, 1906-1922; notes; and printed matter. Autograph collection contains 18th through 20th century letters, signatures, and a few photographs and documents of a variety of prominent people. Facsimile collection consists of letters and documents of historical and literary figures. less
The Papers of Ruth and Augustus Goetz contain documentation of their lives and collaboration as playwrights.
Series I: Personal Papers » Sub-series 3 - Goodman Family Papers » Correspondence / Philip Goodman


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Whilst Tracing Back Roots is We Came As Romans third release, you could be mistaken for thinking that this was their first. I am an avid fan of most things metal and all of its sub-genres that have sprouted over the last couple of decades. But over the last couple of years the metal scene has been flooded with pop bands masquerading as metal bands.
As much as We Came As Romas try to be a metal-core band they simply fail to deliver anything that is going to inspire future generations. No amount of screaming vocals, distortion and double kick drumming will make this release heavier than what it really is.
That said, I did enjoy the opening track, but unfortunately the following 10 songs all seemed to mesh into one. This is not a horrid release, but it is also not an inspiring release. There really isn't anything in this release that sets them apart from the pack.
Although there is enough to suggest the next album will be a killer, Tracing Back Roots falls short of the mark.


Mr. Kost is an accomplished entrepreneur, skilled in Product Development, Marketing, Business Development, and Operations, and multiple successes taking vision to practical concept through successful implementation.
Kost began his career as a legal analyst for the US Congress Office of Technology Assessment, where he consulted to the Congress concerning the impact of information technology on intellectual property, especially copyright.
Ten years before the commercial internet, Rob joined Prodigy, initially as Senior Counsel in charge of a patent process that later yielded IBM over $2 billion and writing the earliest privacy policies and interactive contracts with banks, grocery stores and online brokerages.
After seeing the Mosaic browser, Kost left Prodigy to found US Interactive, one of the first internet professional services firms, with Larry Smith and others. At USI, Kost was responsible for strategic consulting and later for general management of USI's largest and most successful operation in New York City. With Kost's contributions, USI became a public company in 1999.
After USI, Mr. Kost started Realtime Enterprises, which created ground-breaking products in industries as diverse as education, advertising and travel. Later, Rob became CEO of Portaga, Inc., which offered the first SAAS internet travel booking tool designed specifically for the small business traveler, which integrated with Microsoft Outlook, Google Calendar, Salesforce and a variety of other business software applications. Most recently, Rob is also Partner at Brand New Media Partners, a New York-based video marketing firm.


text:
Rimutis Klevečka (* 10. Januar 1956 in Krasnojarsk) ist ein litauischer Diplomat und Botschafter.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur 1974 am Juozas-Balčikonis-Gymnasium in Panevėžys absolvierte er 1979 das Diplomstudium an der Mathematik-Fakultät der Vilniaus universitetas.
Von 1979 bis 1990 leitete er einen Sektor am Forschungsinstitut der Elektrografie. Von 1990 bis 1991 arbeitete er am Industrie- und Handelsministerium Litauens und von 1991 bis 1994 am Wirtschaftsministerium Litauens.
Von 2002 bis 2003 war er stellvertretender Direktor und leitete er von 2003 bis 2008 als Generaldirektor das Muitinės departamentas am Finanzministerium (Litauen).
Von 2008 bis 2012 war Klevečka litauischer Botschafter in Slowenien.

Weblinks
 Ambasadoriauti į Slovėniją išvažiuoja Rimutis Klevečka (cv.lt)

Absolvent der Universität Vilnius
Litauischer Botschafter
Botschafter in Slowenien
Leiter der litauischen Zollverwaltung
Litauer
Geboren 1956
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Common.Core;
using Microsoft.Common.Core.IO;
using Microsoft.Common.Core.OS;
using Microsoft.R.Host.Client.Host;
using Microsoft.R.Platform.Interpreters;
using Microsoft.UnitTests.Core;

namespace Microsoft.R.Host.Client.Test.Fixtures {
    internal class RemoteBrokerProcess {
        private const string RHostBrokerExe = "Microsoft.R.Host.Broker.Windows.exe";
        private const string RHostExe = "Microsoft.R.Host.exe";

        //private readonly IServiceContainer _services;
        private readonly string _rhostDirectory;
        private readonly string _rhostBrokerDirectory;

        private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
        private readonly IRInstallationService _installations;
        private readonly IProcessServices _processServices;
        private readonly string _name;
        private readonly string _logFolder;
        private IProcess _brokerProcess;

        public string Address { get; private set; }
        public string Password { get; }

        public RemoteBrokerProcess(string name, string logFolder, IFileSystem fileSystem, IRInstallationService installations, IProcessServices processServices) {
            _name = name;
            _logFolder = logFolder;
            _fileSystem = fileSystem;
            _installations = installations;
            _processServices = processServices;
            var baseDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(RHost).Assembly.GetAssemblyPath());
            _rhostDirectory = Path.Combine(baseDirectory, @"Host\Windows");
            _rhostBrokerDirectory = Path.Combine(baseDirectory, @"Broker\Windows");
            Password = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
        }

        public async Task StartAsync(Action exited) {
            var rhostExe = Path.Combine(_rhostDirectory, RHostExe);
            if (!_fileSystem.FileExists(rhostExe)) {
                throw new RHostBinaryMissingException();
            }

            var rhostBrokerExe = Path.Combine(_rhostBrokerDirectory, RHostBrokerExe);
            if (!_fileSystem.FileExists(rhostBrokerExe)) {
                throw new RHostBrokerBinaryMissingException();
            }

            var rHome = _installations.GetCompatibleEngines().First().InstallPath;

            IProcess process = null;
            try {
                var psi = new ProcessStartInfo {
                    FileName = rhostBrokerExe,
                    UseShellExecute = false,
                    CreateNoWindow = false,
                    Arguments =
                        $" --logging:logFolder \"{_logFolder.TrimTrailingSlash()}\"" +
                        $" --logging:logHostOutput true" +
                        $" --logging:logPackets true" +
                        $" --urls http://127.0.0.1:0" + // :0 means first available ephemeral port
                        $" --startup:name \"{_name}\"" +
                        $" --lifetime:parentProcessId {Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id}" +
                        $" --security:secret \"{Password}\"" +
                        $" --R:autoDetect false" +
                        $" --R:interpreters:test:name \"{_name}\"" +
                        $" --R:interpreters:test:basePath \"{rHome.TrimTrailingSlash()}\""
                };

                process = StartBroker(psi);
                process.Exited += (sender, e) => exited();

                var port = ProcessUtils.GetPortByProcessId(process.Id).FirstOrDefault();
                while (port == 0) {
                    await Task.Delay(100);
                    port = ProcessUtils.GetPortByProcessId(process.Id).FirstOrDefault();
                }

                Address = $"http://127.0.0.1:{port}";
                _brokerProcess = process;
            } finally {
                if (_brokerProcess == null) {
                    try {
                        process?.Kill();
                    } catch (Exception) {

                    } finally {
                        process?.Dispose();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private IProcess StartBroker(ProcessStartInfo psi) {
            var process = _processServices.Start(psi);
            process.WaitForExit(250);
            if (process.HasExited && process.ExitCode < 0) {
                var message = _processServices.MessageFromExitCode(process.ExitCode);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message)) {
                    throw new RHostDisconnectedException(Resources.Error_UnableToStartBrokerException.FormatInvariant(_name, message), new Win32Exception(message));
                }
                throw new RHostDisconnectedException(Resources.Error_UnableToStartBrokerException.FormatInvariant(_name, process.ExitCode), new Win32Exception(process.ExitCode));
            }
            return process;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub