text:
Six Wormholes Through a Money Border
"So you think that money is the root of all evil? Have you ever asked what is the root of money? Money is a tool of exchange, which can't exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value. Money is made possible only by the men who produce. Is this what you consider evil?"
- Ayn Rand
Money acts as connection to past dreams for the future, in its excess it flaunts its previous state of lacking. But in the face of unemployment, this contact with the wealthy world is endeavoured through creative, non-standard means - the sort of 'path of human miracle' that Simmel speaks of between two separated entities (Leach 1997:66). While capital becomes increasingly militarized an protected, parallel wormholes of its penetration are devised particularly in the case of the more desperate (Hull and James 2012:8).
The 'informal' activities that run parallel to the formal financialised ones reveal themselves as not very informal at all, but highly organic resilient systems that exist. Van Wyk maintains that South Africa's urban poor show an enormous amount of flexibility to deal with economic fluctuations (Van Wyk 2012:1). The tragedy of these flexibilities is that they often involve an exploitative or criminal element, which may bring rise to a call for more just but alternative methods for such creative entry.
The six modes for entry that will be studied are those of grants, informal group saving structures, loans, gambling systems, 'divine intervention' - indicative of occult practices in muthi and in religious prayer which claim to alleviate poverty; while the final method studied is that of crime.
It also is interesting to note that a lot of the following methods for entry involve a sort of magical element of luck. Perhaps this may be in a corollary retaliation to the "lottery of birth", as Warren Buffet (cited Roth 2010) calls it. Bad luck thus creates a market for artificial good 'lucks', again returning to the cognizance of casino type seen as solution.
1. GRANTS
One public contribution to the cause of economic enablement is through the state grant, an office for which exists in close proximity to the selected thesis site. However, its shear scale on which grants occur indicates that government, too, may view that the world of protected capital cannot be entered except by magical acquisition. South Africa gives a very high percentage to grants as compared to other developing countries (Hull and James 2012:10). According to Stats SA (2010b: 6, 37-38) , this set at 43.7% given to households in South Africa, with 25.2% of people of working age unemployed (Stats SA 2010a: 1-3).
However, research indicates that many people actually find this system very unreliable and unpleasant (Van Wyk 2012:21), and perhaps this may be part of the cause to encourage people to turn to more risky solutions (like the rest listed in this discussion) for monetary acquisitions.
2. GROUP SAVINGS
For the people who do are able to earn a livelihood, sometimes group structures are assembled to both assist in retention and safety, or in cheaper spending in groups. Simone (1998:176) shows that in African cities new entrepreneurial consortiums often form, separate to formal financial institutions, where people group to save in buying in bulk, or sharing transportation or import costs over a group.
People also engage in stokvel and funeral saving clubs in lieu of indebtedness. (Sapa 2014:21 , James, cited hull and James 2012: 19). Members are able to receive a lump sum at a specific point, which as an accumulated mass, helps attainment of capital to reckon with.
On the risky end of the group saving spectrum, pyramid schemes have also gained a lot of popularity in South Africa, which are often run by organisations that are untraceable overseas (Comaroff & Comaroff 1999: 297)
3. LOANS
People who have peer-pressure for pay ins in group savings, often, however, have to turn to loan sharks to assist with shortfalls that occur unpredictably (The Micro Debt 2011). As an example, one can note the huge intensity of advertisements for loaning avenues on Louis Botha Avenue, as indicated in Figure 32 below. Although debt may be argued to have a societal discomfort, thus hidden from society's eye (James, Hill, cited James 2012:19) , it is not hidden from the eyes of the shark, and is abundantly visible on vertical surfaces on many of Johannesburg's streets.
Loan sharks proliferate, and they exist on the basis more of the debtors being able to 'make a plan', rather than their provable economic standpoint (Van Wyk 2012:25). Still, formal banking institutions have been offering loans more easily and prolifically, but with immensely high interest rates to cover risks (Koblanck 2014, Hull and James 2012:3). Thus, debt in this way is detrimental to those who are not necessarily poorest, but actually those who have a bit of money to actually get themselves a chance at economic betterment. (James, Hill, cited Hull and James 2012:19) Other loaning systems where group is used as collateral like the Grameen Bank actually also deals with risk in the same way, although less explicitly. Debtors who cannot pay have to be compensated by assets from within the group, which often ends in bitterness (The Micro Debt 2011). The insecurity of getting back what is paid in a pyramid scheme can be argued to be likened to that of the Lottery; where people sometimes get their money back and sometimes got "a bonus on top" (Van Wyk 2012:26). However, the Lottery poses less risk at each payment, being more nation-wide prolific and therefore cheaper. However, in many of the poorer communities of South Africa, close to R100 is spent per month by players, seventy-percent of which come from low-income groups (Collins 2006, cited Van Wyk 2012:9). In many cases, in fact, Van Wyk shows (2012:18) that playing the lottery is not seen as gambling, owing to the fact that it outcome is delayed, and that 'everyone does it'. This alludes to this form of gambling being rather seen as a sort of high-risk investment, or even a form of work (Van Wyk 2014:14).
Gambling seems to be justified, as unemployment becomes increasingly a realistic problem, and it is "as precarious as other income streams" (Hull and James 2012:26). In addition, it also doesn't reflect lack of risk knowledge, as similar activity actually happens in more formal structures of the economy (Hull and James 2012:26). Van Wyk (2012:1) also reinforces the idea of gambling seen as a type of work by claiming that its view of it as risky behaviour is borrowed from Western and middle-class perceptions. The South African government too had banned it in the 1950s, in the worry it would hamper its resources of hard-earned labour (Rule & Sibanyoni 2000, cited Van Wyk 2012:2). Later, this strictness would be overlooked in the apartheid homelands, for the reason that government wanted to appear less restrictive on the international scene, while it was actually getting kickbacks from white-owned casinos (Van Wyk 2012:3)
Despite all this, Van Wyk (2012:3) depicts: that people who lived on the "margins of privilege" have for a long time engaged in gambling practices: "Unrestrained and 'risky' informal gambling is widespread, multiform and plays a significant part of daily life in most informal settlements". Many of these types are based on real-life existences, and are not completely pure-luck based. For example, three-cap1 gambling requires certain skill on the part of the player to watch the game-runners hands and beat him at being fooled (Van Wyk 2012:27). Van Wyk further exemplifies that domino and pool players (Van Wyk 2012:17) could "get themselves out of a tight spot" with skill and experience even if they were started out with a bad deal.
Fahfee2, on the other hand, is less skill-based; but chosen symbols for winning are occasionally based on interpreted dreams (Malcomess & Kreutzfeldt 2013:204.) It remains, however, viewed by its runners and players as a legitimate form of work where money can be accumulated. (Matyu 2008 , cited Van Wyk 2012:16)
Besides from gambling viewed as a form of work, it also is viewed in certain situations as a form of political empowerment. Van Wyk argues this through observed research which shows that many coloured Johannesburg citizens use gambling as a form of late-capitalist defiance to the racist capitalism of apartheid (Dugmore 1992, cited Van Wyk 2012:17). Furthermore, gambling that occurred in shebeens gave their female operators an opportunity for importance in "unwelcoming" township environments (Van Wyk 2012:17). Besides from these more nomadic parochial forms of gambling, the Johannesburg landscape has also been proliferated large casinos , sport-betting arenas; indicating a very wide spread market for gambling in 21st century South Africa. (Van Wyk 2012:2). There are also claims that the proliferation of gambling has a standing in ingenious mystification of money and belief (Van Wyk 2012:18).
5. DIVINE INTERVENTION
The Comarroffs deal quite extensively with a discussion pertaining to this mysticism in late-capitalism, in their book Occult economies and the violence of abstraction (1999). They argue that there is a perception in twenty-first century South Africa, there are "mysterious mechanisms" at hand, mechanisms which "hold the key to hitherto unimaginable riches, to capital amassed by the ever more rapid, often immaterial flow of value across time and space, and into the intersecting sites where local meets the global" (Comaroff & Comaroff 1999:284) Depicted in its perspective rather than its actuality, the Comaroffs thus show that it is the view of money as able to be gained in supernatural ways that actually fuels the fire
of its actuality, being fast and massive, as embodied as a win at the casino. However, different forms of this supernatural interception as method for capital entry are indicated - for example as in witches that claim to bring financial success at consultation (Comaroff & Comaroff 1999:298; See Figure 26) In addition, they remark how Universal Church of God too , which claims through interception of God, to guide the church-goer with powers beyond the everyday, a certain 'luck' to get it right. In addition, "Here Pentecostalism meets neo-liberal enterprise: the chapel is, literally, a store-front in a shopping precinct"(Comaroff & Comaroff 1999:291). In this example, the church becomes a gateway into the world of capital.
These prophetic processes become profitable in themselves, and offer new strange ways for South Africans to make a living off others aspirations for one. What is clear, though, by the occurrence of these spaces, is that there is a market for alternative methods of getting in on the world of money; again seen as a sort of investment where small amounts of money are inputted in the hope of getting it compounded back a hundred-fold.
Excerpt from Mending Wall, by Robert Frost (Frost 1997):
Something there is that doesn't love a wall
Why do they make good neighbours? Isn't it Where there are cows? But here there are no cows.
And to whom I was like to give offense.
The wall in Frost's poem holds in it a power of demarcating two sides, giving cognizance to opposition. Low (2008:157) observes that living behind gates reinforces the perception that people who live on the outside are dangerous or bad: awareness of the two sides is thus introduced by the presence of a wall. As will be discussed later, Simmel shows rather that it is the presence of the gate or the door that cognizes two adjoining spaces (Leach 1997:65). It is in this s periphery; here e where wealthy and poor or meet, where private and public meet, or where local al and global too; that a a sort of scrambling of regulation occurs. Easterling (2007:75) argues that the 'corporate city' occupies a territory between "different species of urbanity", finding a host, as Tuan (2005:120) reiterates, in "legal lacunae and political quarantine " that these spaces often provide, which further are often tax, labour and environmental regulation exempt (as planners try to encourage its development).
Lambert (2013:83) notes: "A border is not a line, but a three dimensional space. And while the rules are clear as to what happens either side of it, what happens within a border isn't so straight forward…[The border is] Telling you if you're in or if you're out – or worse, in a space where the rules no longer apply." The thickness of the border thus has importance; to the distance between real and fantasy [the border] is vital in conveying a sense of authority to the illusion of the detachedness of the approaching realm, having "power to affect one" (Tuan 2005:120). In architecture, the
wall line itself, as Lambert (2013:83) shows, becomes a legal diagram: "The legal ambiguity that operates in the thickness of the line is therefore a double-edged sword; it constitutes an escape from the law architecture's power of subjugation, but it also condemns the body who resides in it to loss of status. " (Lambert 2013: 83)
It is in this world of opacity and new rules that crime emerges, both in the realm of corporate and non-formalised structures; examples of which have been described in the points prior to 'Crime'. Malcomess & Kreutzfeldt (2013:140) cite Van Onselen's work in New Babylon an Nineveh as that which "makes very clear is the proximity (and often complicity) of the underworld with world of mining capital...(and in some cases) the proximity of institutions of discipline and law enforcement with criminal organisation." It is thus from the beginning that at we see a sort of organised crime emerge on Johannesburg's lucrative landscape. It can also be shown that state favours turning a blind eye away from formal economy structures, instead in the hopes to regularise the informal (Hull and James 2012:7, Simone 1998:174) but this is covertly also would be for a more profitable practice for government. This alludes to a sort of 'informalisation' of the formal. The space between private capital and informal markets becomes increasingly grey, with the two borrowing advantageous properties of each other. Bremner (1999:54) depicts: "The space between things falling apart and things being put together is this highly charged, criminalized one." The boundaries to the outside world are rendered more fortified and militarized (Bremner 1999:53), which can be argued to further contribute towards the interiorised urban or architectural spaces having the ability to attract to themselves new rules of being
However, it can be argued that these defences indicate a sense of vulnerability (Simone 1998: 177, Bremner 1999:55) Just as sophisticated as the wall becomes, it indicates a retaliation that occurs in its solutions for a porosity. Thus people in the suburbs of Johannesburg spend large amounts of their income on fortifying their boundaries, and if one house on a street installs an electric fence, the others feel pressured to follow suit, afraid of becoming the most vulnerable property on the block" (Bremner 1999:56).
Unexpectedly, though, these highly protected enclaves of private capital are also not the site of the worst crime in Johannesburg; in fact those of Soweto, Alexandra and Orange Farm are (Bremner 1999:55). The poor remain walled out of 'real help', and chance interaction with the different kinds of people who live in these two zones becomes rarer, separation deepens and a sense of shared space is lost." (Bremner 1999:59).
Ultimately, these new versions for survival and distinguishment display an urgent need for new, creative (sometimes at the point of become strange) and flexible modes of entry into the increasingly distant and augmenting world of formalised financialisaton. These modes, do, however, make vulnerable the people who are turning to some of these risky alternatives
The dissection of the money border with Johannesburg as an exemplary depicts various interesting properties; one being the double sided coin of spatial device that both divides and connects. Johannesburg inherent a spatialised urban form that restricts previously economically barred populations. More recently, its incestuous development in the private sector grows taller and taller, ever more distant from the person on the street. However, parallel to these occurrences, one can discover a structuring in its informal sector; providing more parochial and embedded money flows which remain increasingly magical and unperceived. What results in conceptual separation from what is attainable or possibly achieved. The second quality of interest are the new invented porosities to loophole the normal routes of control between both sides. This characteristic rather indicates the distancing of money from the everyday - attributing its acquisition to new metaphysical methods of chance and belief. The neo-liberal South Africa therefore alludes to much 'Underworld' (see footnote 1 on page 18) and it is in this internalised blind spot in addition to the assembly of a financial institution's architecture that new methods for entry and more equal dialogue may be afforded.
Part 1 of this essay is given in 'Money Mirages: Across the River Styx in 21st Century Johannesburg'.
Essay published in December 2014, University of the Witwatersrand, School of Architecture and Planning. Written by Sarah de Villiers, broader project in which this text features was supervised by Kirsten Doermann. Original document containing this essay available here.


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How he will pay for his ambitious slate of social programs without overspending and harming the economy? How will he rid the government of bad actors when some of those same people were a part of his campaign? Can he make a dent in the unyielding violence of the drug war, which left Mexico with more homicides last year than any time in the last two decades?
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JEFF GRANIT staff The Ford Motor Co. announced it will be closing the Edison assembly plant on Route 1 on Feb. 27.
EDISON— Up to 900 workers could lose their jobs or be forced to transfer out of state when the Ford Motor Co. plant shuts its doors next year.
"Employees have been notified that Feb. 27 is the last work day," said Kathleen Hamilton, a Ford company spokeswoman.
There are about 800 hourly and 100 salaried workers currently employed at the Edison site, located on 102 acres at 939 Route 1 south, Hamilton said.
"While [the closing of the plant] is unwelcome news, the good news is that Ford has worked with the UAW (Unified Auto Workers) to address employee concerns and provide employee assistance programs, benefits and early retirement options," Mayor George Spadoro said in a statement issued Oct. 2.
Ford is looking to sell the 102 acres where the plant currently sits, Hamilton said.
"Marketing and environmental studies are under way and we are working with the township of Edison to find a use that fits in with the township's master plan and its concerns about such things as traffic congestion and land use," she said.
The site offers a "unique redevelopment opportunity" for the township, Spadoro said.
"My office has been made aware by Ford that they have seen an active interest in the marketing of this property for redevelopment," Spadoro said.
"Indeed, I believe, based on our conversations with Ford, our own research and the plant's location, this site, when it is redeveloped, will generate even greater tax revenue for Edison than we currently collect from Ford," he said.
Spadoro said he hopes for the redevelopment plan to be started in 2004.
"We are making every effort to find jobs for all employees who choose to transfer. Some will retire and some will want to stay in the area for family or other reasons, and we hope that employers in the area will consider these highly motivated and trained people," Hamilton said.
The company hopes most of the employees choose to transfer to other plants, she said.
Employees who want to be transferred to other Ford plants will be put on a preferred hiring list. As jobs become available around the country, the former employees of the plant will have preferential treatment, said Jim Shaw, president of the United Auto Workers Local 980 chapter. "As positions become available, they will be able to go to different locations," Shaw said.
Ford also will hold a job fair later this year to introduce the workers to the community, Hamilton said.
One shift was eliminated in 2002, Hamilton said. The loss of the shift eliminated about 700 jobs from the Edison plant.
"Even though we lost a shift, we didn't have anyone at laid off," Shaw said. Everyone was either transferred or retired.
There are many reasons why Ford has decided to shut down the plant, Hamilton said.
"Worldwide overcapacity in the auto industry and a particular decline in the small truck market" are just two reasons for the closing, she said.
"This closing is part of Ford Motor Co.'s revitalization, in which we pledged to eliminate 1 million units of capacity and improve our financial picture," Hamilton said.
The plant has been operating since 1948. Last year it produced 172,390 cars.
Since 1991, the plant has produced Ford Ranger pickup trucks. In the past, the plant has made Lincoln/Mercury, Falcons, Comets, Mustangs, Pintos, Bobcats, and Escorts.
"The Ford Ranger will continue to be assembled at Ford's Twin Cities assembly plant in St. Paul, Minn.," Hamilton said.
According to Shaw, the mood at the plant is down.
"It's a traumatic thing," he said. "People are down about it, but they continue to make good Ford products."


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Ю́рий Ива́нович Давыденко (род. 3 февраля 1943, Омск, СССР) — советский и российский тренер по парусному спорту, заслуженный тренер СССР.

Биография
С десяти лет начал заниматься парусным спортом, тренировался на омской водной станции «Водник». Выступах на яхтах в классах «Ёрш», «», «М», «Летучий голландец».

В 1968 году стал тренером спортивного клуба «Каучук» при омском заводе «СК», в 1973 году принял приглашение из Туапсе, где проработал полтора года. А в 1978 году переехал в Тольятти, где и проживает по настоящее время. Начинал с работы в КФК «Куйбышевгидростроя» на базе яхт-клуба «Чайка». Сначала работал с детско-юношескими классами, а после открытия школы высшего спортивного мастерства стал старшим тренером школы.

С 1975 года работал тренером в сборной команде РСФСР, был тренером в сборной СССР в классе катамаранов «Торнадо».

В настоящее время возглавляет Тольяттинское отделение парусного спорта ГБУ «СДЮСШОР № 1» Самарской области. Принимает участие в освоении новых олимпийских классов яхт «49FX» и катамаранов «Накра-17». Является президентом региональной ассоциации класса «29er».

За годы работы Юрий Давыденко подготовил десятки мастеров спорта и мастеров спорта международного класса. Воспитанники Давыденко становились чемпионами РСФСР и СССР, принимали участие в четырёх летних Олимпийских играх в классе «Торнадо». Наибольших успехов добился Юрий Коновалов — неоднократный чемпион РСФСР и СССР, победитель Спартакиады народов СССР, Игр доброй воли, чемпион Европы и мира, участник 3-х Олимпийских игр.

В 1987 году Юрию Давыденко было присвоено звание заслуженного тренера РСФСР, в 1989 — заслуженного тренера СССР.

С 2002 года  работает методистом тольяттинского отделения парусного спорта  Школы олимпийского резерва № 1.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Поздравляем Юрия Давыденко с 75-летием. Официальный сайт ВФПС. 3 февраля 2018

Тренеры Тольятти
Тренеры по парусному спорту СССР
Тренеры по парусному спорту России

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Two years ago, Tom Kearney and Scott Williams knew they had a complicated job ahead when they committed to building a wintertime ice skating rink on the sand in Redondo Beach.
Once they won the city's support for the project at Seaside Lagoon – a manmade municipal beach that is dormant in the winter months – they had to employ a cooling system that would keep the ice frozen even on warm days and bring in enough sponsors and paying visitors to keep the unique amenity afloat.
Kearney and Williams operated Seaside Ice for two seasons under a deal with the city that sets rental rates through 2012-13 and establishes who would pay for what part of the electrical bill.
But it's unclear whether the pair can pull off a third season for Seaside Ice, which in its first year attracted widespread media attention.
With sponsorships and attendance down for the skating period that ended in January, the rink operated in the red, and Kearney and Williams say they've yet to achieve the sponsorships necessary to open in November.
And on top of that, the number of paying skaters fell from an estimated 25,000 the first year to 17,000 the second season, they said. Gross income was reportedly down by $135,000, leaving the operators $165,000 short of their $425,000 revenue goal.
"Most of our sponsors from the first and second years are still planning on supporting us," said Williams, an award-winning skater who operates another company that produces live shows and ice skating events.
Kearney said Friday that a few new donors had stepped forward, and that the pair has "some balls in the air" that could bring in more revenue. They've said they need a minimum of $150,000 in cash sponsorships before committing to the third skate season.
But in addition to seeking more sponsors, Kearney and Williams have proposed the city offer additional assistance – a request that hasn't gone over well with some at City Hall.
In a report detailing Seaside Ice's financial struggles, they float several proposals, including the possibility that Redondo Beach waive rental payments, cover the expense of powering the rink's chilling units and forgive a $50,000 loan that was to be repaid over the course of the contract.
While acknowledging Redondo Beach faces its own budget issues, Kearney said his hope is that the report at least starts a dialogue.
Instead, it drew anger last week from two City Council members, who argued the operation doesn't merit any more help from the city.
In preparation for Seaside Ice's opening season, the city paid nearly $150,000 to upgrade the swimming lagoon's electrical system, with the understanding that Seaside Ice would pay back $50,000 of that amount over the course of the contract. Redondo Beach also has agreed to write off annually the costs of janitorial supplies and maintenance, as well as electricity expenses associated with the lagoon office and grounds.
According to city staff, Seaside Ice paid its bills for the first season but still owes $4,000 in rent for the 2009-10 session, along with $27,882 for rink refrigeration expenses.
Councilman Pat Aust, who opposed the contract from the start, said he favors canceling the deal and recouping the costs.
And Councilman Steve Aspel criticized the pair's report, parts of which cast doubt upon the city's support of the operation and indicate "last-minute city requests and conditions" may be responsible for cost overruns.
"They blamed everybody but Jesus Christ himself in this proposal," said Aspel.
While Aust indicated Seaside Ice has violated its contract, staff members stopped short of making that determination. Mike Webb, the city attorney, said his office would review the terms of the deal and offer an opinion.
If the city can't assist financially, its leadership may be able to convince potential sponsors that the venue is worth supporting.
Mayor Mike Gin said he wants to help Kearney and Williams find private donations, acknowledging they're dealing with financial problems just as the city is.


Fianna Fáil Finance spokesperson Michael McGrath has stated that Fianna Fáil is the only party that has brought forward practical, deliverable proposals to help mortgage holders across a range of issues of concern.
In an eve of election message to voters, Michael McGrath stated, "We have put the issue of mortgages front and centre of our campaign for fairness. The monthly mortgage payment is the single biggest financial commitment for the tens of thousands of households. It is vital that the Department of Finance and Central Bank live up to their consumer protection role. This has not been the case up to now.
"The 46,000 mortgage holders whose loans have been sold to vulture funds are in particular need of help. Currently there is nothing to stop the buyers of these mortgages from increasing rates to 6% or 7% or even higher. The process we are proposing would be supported by a system of sanctions for banks which failed to comply with a direction order from the Central Bank in relation to mortgage rates.
End the scandal of the variable interest rate rip-off by giving the Central Bank power to cap variable mortgage rates where clear evidence of a market failure exists.
Provide real, sustainable solutions to those in mortgage arrears or facing repossession.
Ensure that mortgage holders can switch easily between lenders to ensure they always benefit from the lowest rate available.
Ombudsman regarding the sale of mortgage and other financial products.


text:
Endocrinology 2020, Austria
Dental Materials 2020, Austria
World Endocrinology 2020, Denmark
Endocrinology Meet 2020, Finland
Diabetes and Obesity 2020, Australia
Frank Thies
Title: Can increased lycopene consumption reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients
Frank Thies completed his Ph.D. in nutritional physiology at the University of Burgundy in 1991. After working at NIH, Oxford University and the University of Southampton he joined the University of Aberdeen in 2001. Currently he is the secretary of the Scottish section of the nutrition society and a member of the scientific committee and council of the Nutrition Society. His research mainly relates to the influence of various dietary components on cardiovascular function and cardiovascular risk with particular emphasis being placed on the role of inflammatory processes.
Type-2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart disease and peripheral arterial disease, which are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. In the UK, the incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes significantly increased over the last 10 years, reaching 515 cases per 100,000 in 2010. Epidemiological evidence indicates that high consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of chronic disease such as CVD and increased intake of tomato-based products has been associated with a significant reduction of relative risk of CVD, which could be of particular benefit for diabetic patients. Such potential benefits to cardiovascular health from a tomato-rich diet are often ascribed to high concentrations of lycopene in tomato products. Lycopene is carotenoid which constitutes 80-90% of the pigments present in tomato. It is readily bioavailable and represents one of the main carotenoids found in human plasma blood. Elevated systemic concentrations of lycopene correlate with a reduction in CVD incidence, and are inversely associated with markers of CVD risk, such as c reactive protein and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Potential mechanisms by which lycopene could protect against heart disease include the reduction of serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, modulation of inflammatory markers, and by reducing oxidative damage. This presentation will review the evidence for the cardiovascular benefits of high lycopene consumption and new aspects on the mechanisms of action will be presented.


The 2019 Workshop on Resource Security and Economic Sciences will be jointly hosted by the School of Economics and the Gregory and Paula Chow Center for Economic Research at Xiamen University. The goal of this Workshop aims to gather resource and environmental economics researchers nationwide. Our invited guests with broad editorial expertise may address early-career professionals on how to improve their work to publish in top journals. The Workshop will also provide a stimulating environment where participants can share and discuss their latest work.
The workshop theme for this year is set as "Global Challenges for Protecting Resources and the Environment in the Economic New Normal." The workshop participants come from a wide array of fields working on resource economics, environmental economics, development economics, and other closely related fields.
The 2019 workshop will be held from May 25-26, 2019 at the School of Economics, Xiamen University. It will include invited keynote speech from academia and policy making, contributed work, and open discussion. We welcome all faculty and students from universities nationwide to join us this May.
To better promote the synergy of this Workshop, we don't plan any parallel session. We will have only limited slots for presentations and the acceptance will be highly selective. We hope you can come to Xiamen and share your views through presentation, discussion, or conversation in person.
We invite you to submit your contributions in the form of full papers, which will be reviewed prior to selection for inclusion in the workshop. Accepted submissions will be featured as contributed presentations. The submissions must follow the JAERE/JEEM/AJAE submission format and should fit the 2019 Workshop scope. Contributions should be submitted directly to xmurecworks@outlook.com.


"SHOP_AREA_ / Rails & material for ""Linux Light"" silve"
With the longitudinal joints you can create an ideal optical, mechanical and electrical connection between two rails. To separate different circuits with their own transformers use the insulating joints.
The Linux Light low voltage rail with blue insulation is supplied in a straight format. Using the bending device you can make the rail into any shape you require.
For feeding the power supply to a particular place in the rail system.


Okay! I admit it. I've been procrastinating for the longest time about revisiting the subject of multi-channel audio output in Resolve 14! This was in part because I needed to learn (and play) with the new Fairlight integration, partly because the audio engine in Resolve 14 has been/is still very much a work and progress, and partly because I was struggling to figure out how to approach what seems like a straightforward topic but has become much more complicated than previous versions of Resolve, and probably more complicated than it should be!
The integration of Fairlight and the rejiggering of audio in the general sense in Resolve 14 has left a lot of longtime users frustrated (rightly so) and has interrupted many people's button-downed workflows. I think BMD must be aware of this and working on changes to audio workflows for future versions of Resolve. That's not to say that user frustration/confusion is not warranted, but Resolve is morphing into a postproduction super tool and with that, some growing pains should surely be expected.
This new series marks the second time I'm revisiting multi-channel audio output and I mentioned that I was struggling with the how to attack the issue(s) of multi-channel output and workflow in Resolve 14. So I've come up a with a plan for a series instead of trying to cram everything into one super long Insight.
If you're like a lot of colorists and finishers, you get a folder of audio stems and get asked to marry them to your color correction work and make a final output. Easy right?
In Part 1 (this Insight) we'll cover making multi-channel outputs with stems provided by a client or audio mixer.
We'll start by exploring making an output using 'Timeline Tracks' on the audio tab of Delivery Page settings. We'll do this with six mono surround stems + a stereo mix, as well as with an interleaved 5.1 mix and a stereo mix. But this method is also very useful for outputting traditional splits i.e. stereo full mix, mix-minus, M&E and other combinations.
The Timeline Track output method is a super simple way to output your timeline tracks exactly as they're set up on your timeline – which may be fine for some situations but many times you'll need to have separate tracks in a 'group' which takes a little more work.
While the 'Timeline Tracks' method works well with stereo mixes and interleaved surround mixes, if you have separate mono surround tracks delivered to you by a mixer or client, this method will create 6 separate channels which might not be what your deliverables require.
Ready to get a little complicated?
In order to make an output that has a 5.1 mix as 'track 1' in the output and the stereo mix as 'track 2', we need to explore the Fairlight page Link Group behavior and some basic bussing (routing) in the Fairlight page mixer.
I need to be explicit about something: There are many ways to accomplish the things I'll show in Part 1. The methods I'll show have gotten me through dozens of broadcast shows over the past year and while not exactly 'one button', I've found the workflow I'll show to be straightforward and easily repeatable with minimal hassle.
Maybe you want to be able to properly configure your suite to monitor surround sound so that you can listen to, and QC the file you're given? There are a couple ways that you can setup the physical part of a surround sound setup, but you need to also configure somethings in DaVinci Resolve 14.
Resolve 14's speaker setup preferences allow you to configure your monitor setup in Resolve. These preferences play into monitoring audio and we'll dive into them in more detail in Part 2 of this series.
In Part 2, we'll dive into Speaker Setup in Resolve's System Preferences and how to utilize the speaker setups you've configured on the Fairlight page. In addition, we'll explore more on bussing and some alternative ways to accomplish the routing shown in Part 1.
While I went to school for audio, I'm a colorist, not a sound designer or audio mixer. In part 3, we'll welcome a new Mixing Light contributor – Jeremy Guyre. Jeremy is a good friend, super talented mixer/sound designer and has a way of making the complex seem super simple.
In this part, Jeremy will explore mixing a short piece in surround in Resolve and how to setup bussing, effects and more to work the most efficiently.
If you have any questions or have more to add to the discussion please use the comments below.


text:
Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants
Catherine A. Gehring, Thomas G. Whitham
Plant growth, reproduction and survival can be affected both by mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground herbivores, but few studies have examined the interactive effects of these factors on plants. Most of the available data suggest that severe herbivory reduces root colonization by vesicular-arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, the reverse interaction has also been documented - mycorrhizal fungi deter herbivores and interact with fungal endophytes to influence herbivory. Although consistent patterns and mechanistic explanations are yet to emerge, it is likely that aboveground herbivore-mycorrhiza interactions have important implications for plant populations and communities.
Dive into the research topics of 'Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
herbivore Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
fungus Earth & Environmental Sciences 83%
herbivores Agriculture & Biology 81%
herbivory Earth & Environmental Sciences 76%
root colonization Earth & Environmental Sciences 52%
endophyte Earth & Environmental Sciences 47%
mycorrhiza Earth & Environmental Sciences 46%
plant population Earth & Environmental Sciences 41%
Gehring, C. A., & Whitham, T. G. (1994). Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9(7), 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90290-9
Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants. / Gehring, Catherine A.; Whitham, Thomas G.
In: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 9, No. 7, 07.1994, p. 251-255.
Gehring, CA & Whitham, TG 1994, 'Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants', Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90290-9
Gehring CA, Whitham TG. Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1994 Jul;9(7):251-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90290-9
Gehring, Catherine A. ; Whitham, Thomas G. / Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants. In: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1994 ; Vol. 9, No. 7. pp. 251-255.
@article{877e0972733a4b27939e18de6d5ef8dc,
title = "Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants",
abstract = "Plant growth, reproduction and survival can be affected both by mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground herbivores, but few studies have examined the interactive effects of these factors on plants. Most of the available data suggest that severe herbivory reduces root colonization by vesicular-arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, the reverse interaction has also been documented - mycorrhizal fungi deter herbivores and interact with fungal endophytes to influence herbivory. Although consistent patterns and mechanistic explanations are yet to emerge, it is likely that aboveground herbivore-mycorrhiza interactions have important implications for plant populations and communities.",
author = "Gehring, {Catherine A.} and Whitham, {Thomas G.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank N. Cobb, T. Del Vecchio, S. Denton, L. Dickson, A. Martin, G. Martinsen, T. Theimer, B. Wade and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Our research is supported by USDA grants 91-37302-6224 and 92-37302-7854 and NSF grant BSR-9107042.",
journal = "Trends in Ecology and Evolution",
T1 - Interactions between aboveground herbivores and the mycorrhizal mutualists of plants
AU - Gehring, Catherine A.
AU - Whitham, Thomas G.
N1 - Funding Information: We thank N. Cobb, T. Del Vecchio, S. Denton, L. Dickson, A. Martin, G. Martinsen, T. Theimer, B. Wade and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Our research is supported by USDA grants 91-37302-6224 and 92-37302-7854 and NSF grant BSR-9107042.
N2 - Plant growth, reproduction and survival can be affected both by mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground herbivores, but few studies have examined the interactive effects of these factors on plants. Most of the available data suggest that severe herbivory reduces root colonization by vesicular-arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, the reverse interaction has also been documented - mycorrhizal fungi deter herbivores and interact with fungal endophytes to influence herbivory. Although consistent patterns and mechanistic explanations are yet to emerge, it is likely that aboveground herbivore-mycorrhiza interactions have important implications for plant populations and communities.
AB - Plant growth, reproduction and survival can be affected both by mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground herbivores, but few studies have examined the interactive effects of these factors on plants. Most of the available data suggest that severe herbivory reduces root colonization by vesicular-arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, the reverse interaction has also been documented - mycorrhizal fungi deter herbivores and interact with fungal endophytes to influence herbivory. Although consistent patterns and mechanistic explanations are yet to emerge, it is likely that aboveground herbivore-mycorrhiza interactions have important implications for plant populations and communities.
JO - Trends in Ecology and Evolution
JF - Trends in Ecology and Evolution


A superb example of a 3.2 litre supercharged DB7 Volante with just 62,000 kms.
This three-owner car was delivered new by Trivett Aston Martin in Sydney in Orkney grey metallic with lovely parchment and burgundy leather interior. The black power roof with Alcantara lining gives it an almost Coupe level of refinement.
Supplied with a comprehensive service history.
Second owner was an active member of the Aston Martin Owners Club and the car was entered in Aston Concours.
A well-optioned car as you would expect with factory alarm with remote locking, automatic air conditioning, reversing sensor, power steering, heated power seats, power windows, power roof and an expensive sound system.
The overall condition can be described as excellent and will suit a fussy buyer. It represents value for money at less than $100,000.


MLS® C4232660 is as 825sqft Attached Home located at 3734 42 St Southwest, in Calgary Alberta. The property features 2 bedrooms, and 2 bathrooms.
Welcome to the Glenbrook community located in Calgary T3E 3N1.
Here is some quick info about the homes listed within the subdivision for sale. Of all the homes on the market, the average built year is N/A with an average square footage of N/A. Their average days on the market is N/A with N/A days on the market at the lower end and N/A days on the market at the higher end. The average list price of all homes listed in this community is $N/A, with list price of $N/A on the lower side and $N/A on the higher side! If schools are important to you, the Glenbrook community has a the school district which provides great education opportunities. Within the school district Glenbrook, children attend N/A, N/A and N/A. Justin Havre & Associates is the agency to contact when you are planning to buy or sell real estate in Calgary. As Calgary's top realtors, we've an established reputation for outstanding service and integrity. Our experienced agents are committed to provide you with an unmatchable service that you deserve! Contact us today at 403-217-0003 to get the process started.
Request a showing of 3734 42 St Southwest, a 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom Semi Detached in Glenbrook, Calgary. Built in 1959 and approximately 825 square feet in size, MLS #C4232660 is currently listed for $369,500. To schedule a property tour, contact us at Justin Havre & Associates.


text:
id: 587d7b85367417b2b2512b3a
title: Catch Arguments Passed in the Wrong Order When Calling a Function
challengeType: 1
videoUrl: ''
localeTitle: Argumentos de captura passados na ordem errada ao chamar uma função
---

## Description

 Continuando a discussão sobre as funções de chamada, o próximo bug a ser observado é quando os argumentos de uma função são fornecidos na ordem incorreta. Se os argumentos forem tipos diferentes, como uma função esperando uma matriz e um inteiro, isso provavelmente causará um erro de tempo de execução. Se os argumentos forem do mesmo tipo (todos os inteiros, por exemplo), a lógica do código não fará sentido. Certifique-se de fornecer todos os argumentos necessários, na ordem correta, para evitar esses problemas.

## Instructions

 A função raiseToPower gera uma base para um expoente. Infelizmente, ele não é chamado corretamente - corrija o código para que o valor da power seja o esperado 8.

## Tests

```yml
tests:
  - text: 'Seu código deve fixar a <code>power</code> variável de modo que seja igual a 2 elevado à 3ª potência, e não 3 elevado à 2ª potência.'
    testString: 'assert(power == 8, "Your code should fix the variable <code>power</code> so it equals 2 raised to the 3rd power, not 3 raised to the 2nd power.");'
  - text: Seu código deve usar a ordem correta dos argumentos para a chamada de função <code>raiseToPower</code> .
    testString: 'assert(code.match(/raiseToPower\(\s*?base\s*?,\s*?exp\s*?\);/g), "Your code should use the correct order of the arguments for the <code>raiseToPower</code> function call.");'

```

## Challenge Seed

```js
function raiseToPower(b, e) {
  return Math.pow(b, e);
}

let base = 2;
let exp = 3;
let power = raiseToPower(exp, base);
console.log(power);

```

## Solution

```js
// solution required
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hi all, I'm looking for ideas and planning of doing a trip from Jhb to Moz and fitting in some bush on the way back. Looking for something different this year as we normally do kgalagadi, Botswana side.
Background : never been north of Maputo before, enjoy snorkeling, we camp with a bush lapa, so any idea need to cater for this. We can go out of season, only myself and wife.
And spent 5-6 day traveling through Kruger.


Maintaining a company Facebook page is not always as easy as it sounds. Often, we assume that simply having a Facebook site for our company is enough. And while having a Facebook page for your business is certainly better than not having one, it's not going to be very effective if you don't approach your page with the right strategy.
1. Know your audience: Before you do anything else, put yourself into the minds of the people you are speaking to. In the beginning, you'll basically be talking to people you already know -- your friends, relatives and current clients. Eventually, your page will get big enough that you'll (hopefully) be talking to potential clients. Who are those people? What do they want? What do they need? What drives them crazy in their everyday lives and how can you help them? That's the stuff you should be writing about.
2. Be Useful: OK, this isn't all that different from the one above, but it's worth reiterating. You want to HELP people. Give them useful information. You're not there just to promote yourself all the time. Always try to think about what you audience would appreciate knowing about.
3. Be Personal: It's not only OK to share about yourself, it's actually a good thing. People want to know who the person is behind the keyboard. Go ahead and post pictures of yourself, tell us when it's your birthday, talk about what the weather is like where you are, etc. Just because it's a business page doesn't mean it needs to be aloof. Be human!
4. Use a lot of photos: Facebook's currency is photos. People love 'em, and posts that have them will get more engagement. One of the best things you can do to increase the number of photos on your page is to pay for a subscription to a stock photo site, such as istockphoto.com. That way, you can post professional-looking images, and if you're graphically inclined, you can even add quotes on top of the photos.
5. Ask questions: Back in the day, social media was a tool for having a dialogue with people. Used properly, it's a great way to form a connection with your audience and have a virtual conversation, not a one-way shouting match. One great way to make your readers feel more connected to your brand is to ask them questions and get their input on topics. Warning: If you don't have a big enough fan-base, this strategy is going to be a dud. Start first by advertising your page and paying for boosted posts so you have a wide enough audience that people will start responding.


text:
Wearables act as an extension of the wearer's body and brain. Usually acting in partnership with smartphones, they allow us to access the same digital content but without distracting us from the physical world. Analysts predict shipments will grow from 10 million in 2013 to 135 million in 2018 (CCS Insight).
The rise of the wearables market is being driven in part by the growth in mobile apps designed to monitor or improve users' health and wellbeing. The global health and fitness app market is worth 'just' $4 billion now, but could be worth $26 billion by 2017 (Research2Guidance).
As the mobile ecosystem expands to include markets such as health, finance and education, it's important that companies and investors understand the consumer's viewpoint.
MEF's Global mHealth and Wearables Report 2015 supported by AVG Technologies – is a survey of 15,000 mobile media users in 15 countries across five continents. It offers a unique analysis of consumers' attitudes towards and consumption of these exciting new products and services in different markets.
Key Insights:
Globally 44% of mobile media users have seen a medical professional using a mobile device during treatment or diagnosis.
In Qatar and Saudi Arabia more than half of consumers have seen mHealth used in treatment or in diagnosis and UAE almost two-thirdsHealth and fitness apps have grown year on year by more than a third (11-15%), and medical apps by a fifth (8-10%).
Women are the most enthusiastic users. They're 50% more likely to use health and fitness apps and a third more likely to use medical apps.
Globally, South Africans are keenest on health and fitness apps (22% vs the global average of 15%), while mobile media users in Nigeria are the most likely to use medical apps (usage has more than doubled in a year from 7-17%) whereas.
More than half of mobile users use apps to relax or train their mind. A fifth use apps to help them manage their weight.
In Qatar and Saudi Arabia more than half of consumers have seen mHealth used either in treatment or in diagnosis and UAE almost two-thirds
Rimma Perelmuter, CEO at MEF said: "mHealth and wearable devices represent a significant opportunity for growth and collaboration across sectors of the mobile ecosystem. New technologies and innovative apps are improving consumers' lives; facilitating fitness and wellbeing whilst providing greater access to essential & state-of-the-art healthcare. As the report confirms, adoption of mHealth services is accelerated in growth markets such as Indonesia, Nigeria and South Africa.
At the same time, the emergence of these exciting new sectors while delivering many benefits for businesses and consumers, also creates risks and responsibilities. The information collected by these apps and devices is by its very nature both personal and extremely sensitive, calling for the industry to be vigilant when rolling out such services."
Trust is cited as the largest single obstacle to growth in the mobile content and commerce industry with 40 per cent of respondents indicating that a lack of trust is the number one factor that prevents them from downloading items more often.
Download the full MEF Global mHealth and Wearables Report 2015 free-of-charge – leave your details above.
AVG is the online security company providing leading software and services to secure devices, data and people. AVG has over 200 million active users, as of March 4, 2015, using AVG´s products and services including Internet security, performance optimization, and personal privacy and identity protection.
By choosing AVG´s products, users become part of a trusted global community that engages directly with AVG to provide feedback and offer mutual support to other customers.


Some great gift ideas for those who love getting wet! We have gifts for under £10, £20, £50 and dream gifts!
We've added t-shirts, tech tees, and loads more hats and gloves to our Outdoor Researh 50% OFF on sales samples.
All students are invited to come to Up and Under on the evening 14/11/12 for a student evening featuring a talk by Ben Bransby and Q and A's with a DMM rep. Freebies, beer and special pricing for all students.
Outdoor Research Sample synthetic and merino wool base layers, waterproof and fleece mitts and gloves and winter hats. All 50% off RRP.


text:
Woman in her 20s rushed to hospital after being shot – police shut off major London road
By dailysunpost_1rcpnd December 27, 2022 News No Comments1 Min Read
A woman has been taken to hospital after she was shot on a road in north London. The victim suffered a gunshot wound to her arm. Her condition is not yet known.
Police were called to the corner of West Green Road and Grove Park Road in South Tottenham in the early hours of this morning.
Members of the emergency services, including paramedics, arrived at the junction after reports of a shooting just before 6.30am.
The young woman's family has been informed, according to the Metropolitan Police.
A crime scene is in place around West Green Road in South Tottenham. Initial police enquiries suggest the woman was shot in the area. No arrests have been made.


The Houston Independent School District will hold its 2018 Special Education Fall Parent Summit on Saturday, October 27, providing parents with the opportunity to meet with Special Education professionals and attend learning sessions.
This event, which will be held at the Hattie Mae White Educational Support Center (4400 W. 18th St., 77092), serves as an opportunity for HISD to better support families and empower them to be a partner in their child's education. The theme of the event is "Beginning with the End in Mind" and will address topics such as Child Find, autism, behavior, inclusion and transition.
Former HISD Special Education students will serve as keynote speakers. The summit is half day and parents have the option of attending either the morning or afternoon session. Childcare will be provided, with a nurse on site.
Registration AM Session: 7:30 a.m.
Summit AM Session: 8 – 11:30 a.m.
Summit PM Session: 12:30 – 4 p.m.
Vendor and Informational Fair: 11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.
For more information, call HISD Special Education Parent Liaisons at 713-556-7042 or email SpEdSupportingParents@houstonisd.org.
This entry was posted in News, Special Education and tagged Special Education Fall Parent Summit on October 4, 2018 by HISD Communications.


text:
Home Business Kannywood superstar, Ali Nuhu, becomes Mouka's brand ambassador, affirms company's quality products
Kannywood superstar, Ali Nuhu, becomes Mouka's brand ambassador, affirms company's quality products
April 29, 2022 Business Edit
From Left: Celebrated Actor and Mouka's Brand Ambassador, Ali Nuhu; having a handshake with the Managing Director, Mouka Limited, Mr. Femi Fapohunda; at the company's Sleep gallery, after the endorsement of a new Brand Ambassador, at Mouka's head office in Lagos, on Friday, 8 April, 2022.
Celebrated actor, director Ali Nuhu, popularly called the King of Kannywood or Sarki -Ali, has recently joined the Mouka family as the Brand Ambassador for Northern Nigeria. The market leader in Nigeria's sleep industry made this strategic move to further deepen the brand's presence in the Northern region by leveraging the popularity of this sensational celebrity.
This move comes right after the company announced its change in ownership and its elevation to becoming a member of the Dolidol International Group based out of Morrocco. In announcing this strategic ownership, Mouka's Managing Director, Femi Fapohunda, hinted that the company would be taking even bolder steps to ensure the brand maintains its growth trajectory.
The Kannywood celebrity, who has earned numerous accolades as the most influential actor in Hausa films, was hosted to a warm reception at Mouka's corporate office in Lagos on Friday, 8 April 2022, met with the company's leadership team.
Introducing him to the company's operations, Mouka's Managing Director, Mr Femi Fapohunda, said the movie superstar resonates with one of the company's core values, which is excellence. He also had this to say, "the objective of this partnership with Ali Nuhu is to use his voice to educate our Northern consumers about the importance of quality sleep to their overall wellbeing and the role Mouka products play in this equation".
Shedding more light on the similarity between the Mouka brand and its brand ambassador, Mouka's Chief Commercial Officer, Mr Dimeji Osingunwa, said, "the collaboration between Ali Nuhu and the Mouka brand would be quite rewarding, as both parties share a mutual value of excellence. The Mouka brand is the market leader in the sleep industry, while Ali Nuhu is the king of Kannywood, a perfect combination to achieve Mouka's business goals in northern Nigeria. We are delighted that we chose him," Osingunwa avowed.
In his remark, the elated Kannywood idol, Ali Nuhu, said, "I am committed to doing my best to take the Mouka brand to greater heights in Northern Nigeria through various initiatives in line with its mission of adding comfort to the lives of Nigerians".
The Mouka brand continues to lead in the sleep industry through groundbreaking campaigns and product innovations.


text:
Q: Algorithm to print to screen path(s) through a text maze For my C++ assignment, I'm basically trying to search through a chunk of text in a text file (that's streamed to my vector vec) beginning at the second top character on the left. It's for a text maze, where my program in the end is supposed to print out the characters for a path through it.
An example of a maze would be like:
###############
Sbcde####efebyj
####hijk#m#####
#######lmi#####
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############
###############

Where '#' is an unwalkable wall and you always begin on the left at the second top character. Alphabetical characters represent walkable squares. Exit(s) are ALWAYS on the right. The maze is always a 15x15 size in a maze.text file. Alphabetical characters repeat within the same maze, but not directly beside each other.
What I'm trying to do here is: if a square next to the current one has an alphabetical character, add it to the vector vec, and repeat this process until I get to the end of the maze. Eventually I am supposed to make this more complicated by printing to the screen multiple paths that exist in some mazes.
So far I have this for the algorithm itself, which I know is wrong:
    void pathcheck()
{
    if (isalpha(vec.at(x)) && !(find(visited.begin(), visited.end(), (vec.at(x))) != visited.end()) )
    {
        path.push_back(vec.at(x));
        visited.push_back(vec.at(x));
        pathcheck(vec.at(x++));
        pathcheck(vec.at(x--));
        pathcheck(vec.at(x + 16));
        pathcheck(vec.at(x - 16));
    }
}

visited is my vector keeping track of the visited squares.
How would I update this so it actually works, and eventually so I can manage more than one path (i.e. if there were 2 paths, the program would print to the screen both of them)? I recall being told that I may need another vector/array that keeps track of squares that I've already visited/checked, but then how would I implement that here exactly?

A: You're on the right track. When it comes to mazes, the typical method of solving is through either a depth-first search (the most efficient solution for finding some path) or breadth-first search (less efficient, but is guarenteed to find the optimal path). Since you seem to want to do an exhaustive search, these choices are basically interchangeable. I suggest you read up on them:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search
Basically, you will need to parse your maze and represent it as a graph (where each non "#" is a node and each link is a walkable path). Then, you keep a list of partial paths (i.e. a list of nodes, in the order you visited them, for example, [S, b, c] is the partial path starting from S and ending at c). The main idea of DFS and BFS is that you have a list of partial paths, and one by one you remove items from the list, generate all possible partial paths leading from that partial path, then place them in the list and repeat. The main difference between DFS and BFS is that DFS implements this list as a stack (i.e. new items have greatest priority) and BFS uses a queue (i.e. new items have lowest priority).
So, for your maze using DFS it would work like this:

*

*Initial node is S, so your initial path is just [S]. Push [S] into your stack ([ [S] ]).

*Pop the first item (in this case, [S]).

*Make a list of all possible nodes you can reach in 1 move from the current node (in your case, just b).

*For each node from step 3, remove any nodes that are part of your current partial path. This will prevent loops. (i.e. for partial path [S, b], from b we can travel to c and to S, but S is already part of our partial path so returning is pointless)

*If one of the nodes from step 4 is the goal node, add it to your partial path to create a completed path. Print the path.

*For each node from step 4 that IS NOT the goal node, generate a new partial path and push it into the stack (i.e. for [S], we generate [S, b] and push it into the stack, which now should look like [ [S, b] ])

*Repeat steps 2 through 6 until the stack is empty, meaning you have traversed every possible path from the starting node.

NOTE: in your example there are duplicate letters (for example, three "e"s). For your case, maybe make a simple "Node" class that includes a variable to hold the letter. That way each "e" will have it's own instance and the pointers will be different values letting you easily tell them apart. I don't know C++ exactly, but in pseudo code:
class Node:
    method Constructor(label):
        myLabel = label
        links = list()

    method addLink(node):
        links.add(node)

You could read every character in the file and if it is not "#", create a new instance of Node for that character and add all the adjacent nodes.
EDIT: I've spent the last 3 years as a Python developer and I've gotten a bit spoiled. Look at the following code.
s = "foo"
s == "foo"

In Python, that assertion is true. "==" in Python compares the string's content. What I forgot from my days as a Java developer is that in many languages "==" compares the string's pointers. That's why in many languages like Java and C++ the assertion is false because the strings point to different parts of memory.
My point is that because this assertion is not true, you COULD forgo making a Node class and just compare the characters (using ==, NOT using strcmp()!) BUT this code could be a bit confusing to read and must be documented.
Overall, I'd use some sort of Node class just because it's fairly simple to implement and results in more readable code AND only requires parsing your maze once!
Good Luck

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Associations and Agencies
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Home » Purina proves largest growth factor for Nestlé so far this year
Purina proves largest growth factor for Nestlé so far this year
Source: Nestlé Purina PetCare, Adobe Stock
By Jordan Tyler
VEVEY, SWITZERLAND — Nestlé shared its mid-year earnings July 30, reporting total net sales of 41.15 billion CHF ($45.26 billion USD), declining 9.5% from 45.46 billion CHF ($50 billion USD) compared to year-ago sales. Organic growth increased 2.8%, Nestlé reported.
The company's top growth contributor was its Purina PetCare business, led by two of its premium brands, Purina Pro Plan and Purina ONE. Nestlé reported its pet segment showed strong growth over the first two quarters, along with its dairy, culinary, coffee at-home and health science businesses.
"PetCare continued to see outstanding growth globally," said Mark Schneider, chief executive officer of Nestlé. "Most segments grew in double digits with market share gains. Purina's performance was driven by continued strong momentum in e-commerce and increased demand for premium products.
"Innovation also continued to make a significant contribution, as demonstrated by the recent launch of ProPlan LiveClear, the first allergen reducing cat food," he added.
Purina reported 6.98 billion CHF ($7.68 billion USD) in sales over the first two quarters of 2020, growing 6.6% from year-ago sales of 6.55 billion CHF ($7.2 billion USD). Organic growth for Purina topped 12.5% over the same period, and real internal growth was 11.3%, making the pet segment Nestlé's strongest growing business.
Purina's premium brands drove sales in North America, including Purina Pro Plan, Purina ONE and Fancy Feast.
Nestlé's pet segment drove double-digit sales growth in Zone EMENA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The company's recent acquisition of Lily's Kitchen, based in the United Kingdom, also boosted sales in this region.
"Purina PetCare reported strong growth for Felix, Purina One, Tails.com and Lily's Kitchen, supported by e-commerce," Schneider said.
In Zone AOA, which includes Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa, Purina products were another leading contributor as sales continued to grow in the double-digits.
"We are very happy with what we have seen [in pet food], both in the United States, but in Europe and in emerging markets as well," commented François Roger, executive vice president and chief financial officer of Nestlé. "The market has been growing at a strong mid single-digit rate even before COVID-19. Don't forget the rates that we grew by 7% last year. We saw strong performances across most markets and segments. We have clearly been gaining market share, and especially through e-commerce."
Purina remains Nestlé's second most profitable business segment, led only by powdered and liquid beverages at 10.74 billion CHF ($11.82 billion USD) in sales so far in 2020.
"We continue to reposition our portfolio towards businesses that offer more profitable growth," Schneider said. "Compared to 2019, significant divestments and strategic reviews are now increasingly balanced by acquisitions in high-growth areas, namely Nestlé Health Science and PetCare."
Nestlé's overall e-commerce sales grew 48.9% over the first half of fiscal 2020, now totaling 12.4% of overall sales for the company.
The company reported 290 million CHF ($319 million USD) in cost associated with COVID-19, including frontline worker bonuses, safety procedures, donations and other amenities provided to its employees and consumers.
"The exact financial impact of COVID-19 for the full year remains difficult to quantify and will depend on the duration and economic consequences of this crisis as well as the speed of recovery in the out-of-home channel," the company stated in an official press release.
"COVID-19 continues to impact people around the world," said Mark Schneider, chief executive officer of Nestlé. "We stand with all those affected and are committed to helping where we can. I would like to thank every member of the Nestlé team for their dedication and hard work in the face of incredible challenges. Our priorities remain the same; keeping our people safe, assuring continued supply of essential food and beverages to consumers and caring for our communities and business partners through financial and in-kind support."
The company reaffirmed its full-year guidance of growing organic sales by 2% to 3%, improving its operating profit margin and earnings per share.
"Nestlé has remained resilient in a rapidly changing environment, delivering solid organic growth and improved margins in the first half," Schneider added. "These results demonstrate the agility of our business and the strength of our diversified portfolio across geographies, product categories and channels. With consumer behavior evolving faster than ever, we are adapting to this new reality by strengthening our innovation, leveraging our digital capabilities and executing with speed. Our engaged teams and their commitment to deliver business results while driving progress against our societal and environmental commitments make us a stronger company every day."
Read more about corporate strategy, financial performance, mergers and acquisitions on our Business page.
Business Manufacturers Pet Food Pet Treats Financial Performance Coronavirus/COVID-19
KEYWORDS lily's kitchen nestlé Purina
Purina only category to post 9-month sales growth for Nestlé
Purina continues to drive growth for Nestlé
Nestlé reports 'stellar year' for Purina PetCare
Purina PetCare driving sales growth globally for Nestlé
Purina drives Q1 sales for Nestlé in North, Latin America
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Mars Petcare UK recalls products for potential elevated levels of vitamin D
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45 new pet nutrition products launched in 2020
A noncomprehensive list of new pet foods, treats, supplements and meal toppers launched this year.
New and upcoming pet food, treat processing facilities
A look at new pet food and treat manufacturing plants completed in 2020 or scheduled for completion in the near future.


Here's my version of the stepdown dirthole that a lot of your better fox trappers are using. I've seen variations of this set by Phil Brown, Russ Carmen, and the Leggett's modified trench set is very similar.
Here's the finished set, I will finish with a layer of fresh dirt over the set and lure with my favorite fox lure....Notice that the walls of this trench are sloped down...The lowest part of this trench is the area over the pan. This almost guarantees that the fox will place his paw on the bottom of the trench to see what's in the hole.
Gonna try that this year. I need a good trowl though. The one I stole last year from the garden stuff did not hold up well.
These work well on coyote too if you bring the trap farther back from the hole.


I am a self-directed, highly motivated professional with a 'can-do' attitude with extensive insurance and reinsurance accounting experience. Proven ability to collaborate across businesses units, Departments and work-groups to tackle challenging accounting and systems issues leading to successful implementation. Objective is to obtain a challenging position utilizing skill sets in accounting, systems support and office management.
Compile premium and commission information from three Underwriting branch offices used to prepare periodic financial statements.
Compile premium and commission information from three Underwriting branch offices used to prepare periodic financial statements.Create summary by policy year and state for Schedule T.
Reconcile data and perform quality checks in conjunction with the month end close.
Prepare journal entries for various underwriting entities.
Prepare monthly reconciliations of reinsurance ceded balances payable and loss recoverables.
Assist with the compilation of Statutory Schedule F and inter company pooling.
Prepare Surplus lines statistical reporting.
Assisted with preparing monthly ceded reinsurance reconciliations for multiple platforms and general ledger accounts.
Produced and transmitted periodic ceded reinsurance statements to brokers and reinsurers.
Prepared and coordinated treaty payments including processing and applying cash in the Reinsurance systems.
Documented and maintained financial compliance controls.
Developed and monitored metrics and analytics for ceded results.
Interpreted ceded reinsurance contracts for set up in sub-ledger system.
Calculated quarterly IBNR for accounts.
Assisted with Schedule F and P.
Facilitated ad-hoc projects assigned by management.
Reconciled monthly and quarterly accounts in conjunction with corporate closing process.
Performed reconciliations for assigned accounts including the resolution of aged suspense and premiums past due.
Recorded, reported, and processed all financial and statistical data of accounts accurately.
Performed process audits as required for compliance with SOX.
Communicated with client markets and ceding companies regarding account discrepancies.
Calculated quarterly accruals for premiums and commissions.
Verified, processed and analyzed the accuracy of account statements and loss bordereaux.
Created policy templates for claims, completed treaty compliance and building claim notices for paper reporters.
Assisted in the training of junior personnel and suggested logical ways to improve efficiency.
Maintained with internal treaty compliance for pre-testing on-site audits and internal cedant desk audits.
Liaison with various departments/clients to establish an automated system of processing and recording of accounts to ensure accuracy of information received.
Reduced two years of aged suspense to current status.
Received "Winner of play as one" award.
Applied cash receipts on ceded and pro rata accounts.
Recorded cash calls, reconciliations and company level closing analysis.
Communicated with brokers and companies with regards to account discrepancy.
Enabled timely completion of key initiative and projects.
Ensured timely and effective analysis and processing of accounts.
Analyzed and processed claim payments.
Processed cash receipts and disbursements.
Recorded cash calls and payments.
Communicated with brokers and companies with regards to account discrepancies.
Enabled timely completion of key initiatives and projects effectively.
Assisted in the preparation and analysis of Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Schedule F.
Prepared Trans Pacific Insurance Schedule F.
Analyzed and reconciled monthly statements of accounts.
Assisted in special projects and reports for various departments and home office.
Processed account payables, receivables and disbursements.
Performed bank reconciliation and account analysis.
Prepared monthly and quarterly tax returns.
Maintained proposals and financial statements for over 100 clients.
Recorded premium and loss accounts as well as processed cash calls and payments.
Performed balancing and reconciliation of what.
Analyzed and applied cash for specific accounts.
Communicated with counter parties regarding account discrepancies.
Prepared monthly analysis of underwriting results.
Maintained and kept current over 600 domestic accounts.
Processed contingent/sliding scale and profit commissions.
Calculated and processed ceded premium accruals and reinstatement adjustments.
Maintained treaty accounts for various Latin American countries.
Where can I find a The McIntyre Group, Consultants Insurance Accountant resume example in New Rochelle, New York ?
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text:
Community > World > North America > United States > Hawaii
Are any of the volcanoes in Hawaii considered dangerous?
almost 9 years ago about Hawaii, United States
I'm interested in checking out the Volcanoes in Hawaii when I'm there in July. Just wondering how active they actually are and if there is anything I should look out for?
volcanos safety danger
Asked by Serena Woollams
Hi Serena,
The answer to your question is yes. Some of Hawaii's volcanoes are very active and should be considered dangerous. The island of Hawai'i is the only area in the island cluster that is currently volcanically active - with the volcano of Kilauea being the most dangerous (In fact, Kilauea is considered the most dangerous volcano in the United States)
In fact, the entire island of Hawai'i is comprised of five shield volcanoes, two of which are active (Kilauea and Mauna Loa).
Kilauea erupts frequently (It erupted 45 times in the 20th century), and in some cases, eruption columns have risen up to 9kms high. In 1990, the towns of Kalapana and Kaimū were totally destroyed by an eruption of Kilauea.
In recent years, several homes have been destroyed by lava flows from Kilauea.
Hawaii's other active volcano Mauna Loa, the largest volcano on earth, has not erupted since 1984 - but is still considered operational. almost 9 years ago
Answered by Jesse Perez
I wouldn't consider them dangerous, but all active Hawaii Volcanoes are on the Big Island with Kilauea Crater actively flowing into Ocean and Halemaumau Crater magma rising :)
If and when you get to the Big Island definetly go visit the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Hilo Side and really cool and will answer many of your questions about Volcanic
Activity in the Hawaiian Islands...Aloha oe :)
Maui Benjamin almost 9 years ago
Answered by Benjamin Barreras via Travellr.com
All active volcanoes are dangerous however given that most of Hawaii volcanoes are shield volcanoes, their eruptions are characterised by low explostivity but there has been a small explosive eruption on a Hawaiian volcano in recent years. You have to hike to the lava flows or take a light aircraft over them to see them. As someone says its best seeking advice from the authorities if you want to go hiking in this terrain or go on a guided walk if you want to see the flows though if you're just driving through the Volcanoes National Park I wouldn't worry too much unless the authorities warn otherwise & in that case they'd just close the roads & you'll probably have heard through the media about an increase in activity. Shield volcanoes do not explode like Mount St Helens or erupt like Mt Etna however active volcanic areas should always be approached with caution & respect because of their unpredictable & dangerous nature.. almost 9 years ago
Answered by Hilary via WorldNomads.com
As a mid-20 girl, is it safe to go around Las Vegas alone? Anything safety tips
over 9 years ago about Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
To tour or not to tour to see volcano on the "Big Island" of Hawaii? All recommendations welcome!
over 9 years ago about United States
Halloween and Travel Safety in NYC
over 9 years ago about New York, New York, United States
They say New York is really dangerous. how can I keep safe?
On which island is the volcano that erupted in 1996 causing the evacuation of the island?
over 8 years ago about Island, United States
Map of Hawaii