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Zone 1 News
London knife crime: The 15 people stabbed on London's streets in just seven days
The knife crime epidemic appears to be getting worse rather than slowing down
Qasim Peracha
We reported on 15 people being stabbed in the last seven days. Two of them have been confirmed to have lost their lives. A forensics tent was put up after Ayub Hassan was stabbed in West Kensington (Image: Isabel Infantes/PA Wire)
London's upsurge in knife crime continued this week with a horrific number of stabbings.
On average weve reported on two stabbings a day this past week in London, with two victims confirmed to have died so far.
Ayub Hassan , 17, and David Martinez , 26, died on the streets of London in the last seven days. Another 13 people were attacked with a knife that we reported on, with more likely to have gone unreported in the media.
The tragic incidents have sparked natural debate on young people and knife crime on the capital's streets.
Much has been said about the capital's knife crime epidemic, with the police chief and Theresa May both speaking out.
Idris Elba has also called for a halt to the city's bloody trend with a passionate plea .
Here are the stabbings we reported on as they happened:
Leyton – March 6
David Martinez was stabbed to death in Leyton on Wednesday (March 6).
Despite an air ambulance being sent, paramedics and specialist doctors were unable to save him and the 26-year-old died at 5.10pm.
At this stage, police believe David was attacked at a nearby home and fled before collapsing on the street.
Croydon – March 6
(Image: Google)
The head teacher of Croydon's BRIT School reassured students and parents after a man was stabbed just yards away from the entrance.
A 20-year-old man was found injured in the school's car park, on Dagnall Park, on Wednesday afternoon (March 6).
The victim suffered a puncture wound believed to have been inflicted with a piece of metal or wood, police have said.
A man was rushed to hospital after being stabbed in the leg in Croydon .
Emergency services were called to Cotford Road, in Thornton Heath , at 6.36pm on Wednesday (March 6) where they found the 26-year-old man with stab wounds.
The victim was found injured opposite Tesco on Brigstock Road, and was rushed to hospital.
His injuries have been deemed not life-threatening, the Metropolitan Police have said.
West Kensington – March 7
(Image: PA Wire)
Ayub Hassan was just 17 when he was stabbed in the chest, just off North End Road in West Kensington.
Tragically, he died just over two hours after he was stabbed in Lanfrey Place, at around 2pm on Thursday (March 7).
Emergency services responded to the call by closing North End Road in both directions as an air ambulance, fire engines, ambulances and police cars flooded the scene.
Family friend Amina Osman said: "He had ambitions, he was looking forward to being a barrister. He was looking forward to being a grown-up man.
Muswell Hill – March 9
A teenage victim has been fighting for his life after being stabbed in the chest in North London .
The 19-year-old was rushed to hospital after the attack on a 134 bus in North Finchley, in Barnet, at 4.40pm.
The victim was flown to an East London hospital where his condition is described as critical.
Read more here from the day and here for the latest update .
Edgware Road – March 9
Just a couple of hours earlier a man was found with stab wounds on Edgware Road , in Westminster .
The victim is just 18. His injuries are non life-threatening.
Fitzrovia – March 9
Police were called at 9.07pm and paramedics treated the victim at the scene in Carburton Street, in Fitzrovia.
He is in hospital and his condition is not believed to be life-threatening. No arrests have yet been made.
East Dulwich - March 10
A 19-year-old man was stabbed in Pytchley Road on the Dog Kennel Hill Estate. Police were called to the scene at about 3.20pm and an air ambulance also attended.
Armed police were guarding the scene of the crime and patrolling the estate through the night.
He was rushed to hospital and no arrests have been made by police.
Lewisham - March 11
A teenager was left fighting for his life in hospital after being stabbed on Monday.
A group of men attacked the 19-year-old victim before plunging a knife in his chest.
Police and paramedics were called to Elverson Road shortly after 10pm, and it is thought the victim ran from the scene of the stabbing before the emergency services arrived.
Brixton - March 12
The venue where three men were reportedly stabbed
American rapper Roddy Ricch was performing at Electric Brixton on Town Hall Parade on Tuesday (March 12) when a fight broke out among the crowd .
Three men, all in their 20s, were stabbed in the ensuing bedlam.
Police, along with paramedics , were called to the scene at around 10.30pm and took three young men to hospital.
All three have since been discharged.
A Metropolitan Police spokesman said: "It is believed that a fight broke out in the venue, during which three males in their 20s are believed to have been stabbed.
"The venue was evacuated and there have been no other reports of injuries. There have been no arrests."
Camden - March 12
Two teenagers were stabbed in a street fight in Albany Street later that same night, leaving "blood everywhere" .
In the Camden incident, police , who say they are "in the early stages of investigating", were called at 11.16pm but could not find either victim at the scene.
Both boys, believed to be in their teens, were eventually discovered at a local hospital being treated for their stab wounds.
A Metropolitan Police spokesman said: "Neither of the males are in a life-threatening condition and no arrests have been made at this early stage."
A Section 60 Stop and Search order was in force overnight but the suspects were not found.
On Twitter , one resident claimed that the "mess and blood" from the fight had yet to be cleared from the road by 9am.
He tweeted: "Yet another stabbing and they don't even clear up the mess and blood everywhere. It's at our end off Albany Street, anyone going to clear it up?"
Leyton - March 13
Police officers at the scene on Station Road (Image: Narbeh Minassian)
Coming full circle, another boy was stabbed in Leyton , seven days after David Martinez's murder in the same area.
A 17-year-old was brutally attacked near the Tube station, leaving the boy with multiple injuries.
The Metropolitan Police have confirmed they were called at 12.45pm today (Wednesday, March 13) to Station Road, where they found the victim.
The boy was taken to hospital by paramedics and his injuries are being treated as "life-threatening".
We only cover the stabbings and violent crime we are aware of. If you believe there has been a stabbing or any other serious incident in your area, email qasim.peracha@reachplc.com.
WeatherForeign Office issues 'extreme risk' alert for tourists travelling to SpainThe government body has issued the warning due to adverse weather conditions
HounslowHounslow woman's rat infestation is so bad she smells them when they die in her walls"I can't sleep when they are running around. I am so anxious about this."
Hammersmith and FulhamHow the new Ikea store will help transform HammersmithThe Kings Mall store will be the first 'city store' Ikea in the UK
IlfordIlford stabbing victims named locally as builders from India 'killed over pay dispute'A local businessman said a group of 10 men had been drinking whisky all evening in a local restaurant


The Despicable Mischief Of Marek Rymaszewski.
STOP PRESS!!! SEE MAREK LIVE – THREE NIGHTS 'ABOVE THE ARTS' IN COVENT GARDEN IN FEBRUARY!
"An evening of the most beautiful and extraordinary songs by musician Marek Rymaszewski – whose remarkable life has experienced the highest of highs and lowest of lows. For 3 performances only at the intimate cabaret room Above The Arts Theatre."
Also featuring: on vocals, leading West End performer Jane Horn (Pearl - Starlight Express; Éponine - Les Misérables; Annette - Saturday Night Fever; Narrator - Joseph and The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat; Columbia - The Rocky Horror Show, UK Tour) and, on cello, the incomparable Matt James.
And pieces fall out of the sky?
And all you can think of is 'Why?'?
Chrissie Hynde's version of my song 'Death Is Not Enough' played live again!
Not only did Chrissie Hynde record my song 'Death Is Not Enough' and include it on the latest Pretenders album 'Alone', she's been playing it as her first encore when headlining on the band's recent US tour. Here's a different version of her performing the song, this time in her home town, at the EJ Thomas Hall, Akron, Ohio!
And good to see Robert Whitford posting in reaction to the video: "This should be the next single, a ballad worthy of Kid, bittersweet, its sadness is like a lament, a fallow kiss." Nice one, Robert!
Check out the original version in Sounds below!
FROM THE FORTHCOMING MUSICAL 'HOOCH'!
El Despicablo, aka Marek Rymaszewski, presents a well funky 'celebration' of the Tory Party over the past three glorious years, with superb animation by nomattsland!
¡ the life and times of el despicablo !
Mustard killer gets 3 years: Civil servant Thomas Corlett was jailed for three years today for strangling his wife because she moved his favourite mustard from its place at the dinner table.
From (Junior Doctor) Adam Kay's book 'This Is Going To Hurt': After "an extremely posh" patient arrives at the antenatal clinic, "her extremely posh eight-year-old asks her a question about the economy (!), and before she answers, she asks her extremely posh five-year-old, "Do you know what the economy is, darling?" "Yes, Mummy, it's the part of the plane that's terrible."


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Patrick Hambrick produced a certificate under the hand of John Travis SubSherif of Stafford County for that the Said Sherif pressed a Mare of his which he kept ten days And the Said Patrick made Oath that he never Received any Satisfaction for the Same which is Ordered to be Certified to the next General Assembly for allowance. (King George County Orders 1721 – 1734. p. 50.)
The word "pressed" means "summoned to service by some legal authority". ( Paul Drake. What Did They Mean By That?: A Dictionary of Historical Terms for Genealogists. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, Inc., 1994. p. 172.) In other words, the subsheriff had ordered Patrick to board his horse for ten days and Patrick was seeking compensation.
Although this entry refers to the sub-sheriff of Stafford County, Patrick presented this claim in King George County court. Previous and subsequent occurrences as well as research regarding the geographic locations of neighbors' properties (As one example, see Seaman/Burges deed, King George County Deed Book No. I, Part I. p. 126-129.) make it apparent that Patrick resided very near the King George/Stafford County line, although it was not a clearly delineated border. Stafford County has existed since the mid-1660s. However, no specific boundary definitions, nor any official record of its establishment have ever been discovered. (Charles Francis Cocke. Parish Lines Diocese of Virginia. Richmond: The Virginia State Library, 1967. p. 88.) During Patrick's time, the northwestern and north central sectors of present-day King George County were clearly a part of Stafford County (and the northeastern sector was a part of Westmoreland County). In other words, Stafford County was north of King George County, not west of it as it is now. The modern borders were not established until 1778. The indistinct east-west border between King George and Stafford roughly followed the watershed between the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers. As a point of reference, the area of the modern-day county seat (the village King George—which was not yet in existence during Patrick's time) was considered to be within the bounds of Stafford County. (Historic Map of King George County", King George County Courthouse (on the wall outside of the County Clerk's Office).)
Evidence of the claim being submitted to the general assembly for resolution is not apparent in the surviving records maintained at the Virginia State Library and Archives.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I think the book I finished reading at the weekend would make a great movie. The book is The Gargoyle by Andrew Davidson. I wrote about it here. It begins with a dramatic car crash, a car plunging over a ravine bursting into flames. Then there is intrigue, mystery and plenty of action. The story moves backwards and forwards in time from medieval Germany to the present day, with tales from Japan, Italy, Iceland and England. A rich and colourful story.
Another book that would be good as a movie is Kate Atkinson's When Will There be Good News? (I wrote about it here.) Featuring Jackson Brodie, an ex-cop turned private detective this is full of suspense, a crime to be solved with many surprises and twists and turns along the way.
I haven't read either of these (yet), but I think they'd make good movies based on your descriptions.
The Gargoyle has been getting a lot of action today. I'm going to have to check that one out.
Saw 'The Gargoyle' in the library, but my hands were full will get it next time. It sounded good, a good movie there!
Instead of answering your question, I'm going to make an observation about A Book and A Movie.
I always loved the book 84 Charing Cross Road, utterly charming book that consists entirely of letters written between the a booklover in NYC and various people connected with a London bookshop. (Yes, I know, everyone who reads this blog already knows that.) The letters are more about ideas and books than events.
So, in the 1980s, when I heard it was going to be made into a movie, I said, That will never work. How can it?
I was happily wrong. The movie is brilliant, and captures the essence of the correspondents, the letters and the times (1950s). I could watch it again and again. And I do.
But now I will answer the question.
The very funny, very engaging Miss Buncle's Book (1934), by D. E. Stevenson, recently reissued by Persephone Books. It would make a wonderful movie.
Advice for the producers: cast it faithfully and don't mess with the story or the characters.
You are the second person I've come across today that's said Gargoyle would be a great movie. I just purchased the book this week and I'm really looking forward to reading it. Sounds like an amazing book.
That's 2 for The Gargoyle. Who do you see playing the lead?
I'm with you on The Gargoyle. Many people mentioned concerns over on my blog, but I do think that if done properly it would be fantastic.
I haven't read either book yet but they both sound interesting. Happy BTT!


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Helping people bridge differences effectively and mindfully.
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INTERGLOBE partners with a network of cross-cultural training, coaching and consulting professionals residing in different corners of the world. Although geographically separated, we share the same work ethic and delivery standards.


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Minimax bzw. Mini-Max bezeichnet:

 Minimax-Regel, eine Entscheidungsregel, die sich an dem sicher zu erzielenden Resultat orientiert
 Min-Max-Theorem, ein Spezialfall des Existenzsatzes für Nash-Gleichgewichte für Zwei-Personen-Nullsummenspiele
 Minimax-Algorithmus, ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung solcher Gleichgewichte für Spiele mit perfekter Information
 Mini-Max (Fernsehserie), eine US-amerikanische Fernsehserie
 Minimax (Spanien), einen ehemaligen spanischen Pay-TV-Sender
 Minimax (Ungarn), ein ungarischer Fernsehsender
 einen als Spitztüte bekannten Feuerlöscher (1902 patentiert)
 Minimax (Unternehmen), ein Brandschutzunternehmen
 umgangssprachlich Extremwertprobleme
 ein Streichquartett von Paul Hindemith aus dem Jahr 1923, siehe Paul Hindemith#Kompositionen (Auswahl)
 Minimax – Repertorium für Militärmusik von Paul Hindemith

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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TERROR IN PITTSBURGH: Trump to visit; Sanders slams liberal media over 'blame game'
October 29, 2018 October 29, 2018 by Breck Worsham, posted in crime, news, politics
WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump and wife Melania announced plans Monday to visit the site of a synagogue massacre that left 11 people dead in Pennsylvania on Saturday.
"Tomorrow the president and first lady will travel to Pennsylvania to express the support of the American people and grieve with the Pittsburgh community," White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee-Sanders said during Monday's press briefing.
In a series of heated exchanges with reporters that shortly followed, Sanders slammed the liberal media over their allegations that the president's rhetoric may have influenced the synagogue shooter or a suspect who sent numerous pipe bombs in the mail to well known Democratic figures.
"The president is not responsible for these acts," Sanders said. "Again, the very first action of the president did was condemn these heinous acts. The very first thing the media did was condemn the president and go after and try to place blame not just on the president but everybody that works in this administration."
Sanders also responded to criticism from Jewish leaders who've said the president should'tt visit the city unless he condemns white nationalists.
"The president has denounced racism, hatred and bigotry in all forms on a number of occasions," Sanders replied. "We'll continue to do that. I'm doing it here today."
Despite the pushback from some Jewish leaders, the synagogue's rabbi said he'd welcome the president's visit in the aftermath of the attack.
"The president wants to be there to show the support of this administration for the Jewish community," she said. "The rabbi said that he is welcome as well. Certainly, we want to show our support."
Sanders then went on to point out that his daughter, Ivanka, is married to a Jewish man and is the mother to three Jewish children.
"The president cherishes the American-Jewish community for everything it stands for and contributes to our country," Sanders said. "He adores Jewish-Americans as part of his own family. The president is the grandfather of several Jewish grandchildren. His daughter is a Jewish-American and his son-in-law is a descendant of Holocaust survivors."
Police say Robert Gregory Bowers killed eight men and three women inside the Tree of Life Synagogue in the Pittsburgh last week.
Bowers, who appeared in federal court Monday, was charged with 29 federal counts that include obstructing the free exercise of religious belief resulting in death, and using a firearm to commit murder. Federal prosecutors said Monday that they will pursue the death penalty.
Bowers also faces 11 state counts of criminal homicide, six counts of aggravated assault and 12 counts of ethnic intimidation.
Tagged Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, President Donald Trump, press briefing, Robert Gregory Bowers, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, White House
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A curatorial project for PS Gallery in Columbia, MO, in conjunction with the 2012 Cultural Bricolage Conference at the University of Missouri.
We're in this Together presents work by eight American artists who use books as a site for collaboration and interaction between the author-artist and the reader-viewer. Each of the books or book-like objects was created in relation to an installation, performance, or event. The artists complicate our expectations about books—instead of following a predetermined plot to a conclusion, we discover an unfolding, situational narrative, dependent on physical engagement with the work.


Exceptional apartment complex for sale in Chalala, Lusaka.
This complex of 4 x 1-bedroom modern and neat apartments is up for grabs for a bargain deal.
Located a short distance from the main Tokyo Way (Ring Road), these exceptional flats are a perfect rental income investment and would quickly give a good return on investment.
Aimed primarily at the early career professional's accommodation needs, the 1-bedroom apartments are ever on demand from the ever growing population of early career professionals looking for decent and modern living.


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Q: The product of non-commuting semisimple matrices need not be semisimple In general when one proves that the product of semisimple (i.e. diagonalizable) matrices is semisimple one assumes they commute and are thus simultaneously diagonalizable, and then the result follows.  I was wondering if anyone knew of an example of non-commuting semisimple matrices whose product is not semisimple.

A: How about $\begin{pmatrix} 5 & 3 \\\ 8 & 5 \end{pmatrix}$ and
 $\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -3 \\\ -3 & 5 \end{pmatrix}$?

A: $\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&0\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 1\\0&0\end{pmatrix}$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Are you heading this summer to Minneapolis, Murfreesboro, Atlanta, Allentown or the World Championships in Indianapolis? Get on board and see who else will be attending these 2011 Drum Corps International Tour Events on Facebook!
Also don't forget that tickets to all of these Premier Events went on sale Tuesday through the DCI Box Office and Ticketmaster. Don't miss out on some of the biggest events of the summer and your chance to score some of the best seats in the stadium!
Buy Friday tickets. | Buy Saturday tickets.
View the complete 2011 DCI Tour schedule.


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Home > Regional > MEGA MILLIONS JACKPOT RISES TO $750 MILLION FOR FRIDAY, JAN. 15, 2021
MEGA MILLIONS JACKPOT RISES TO $750 MILLION FOR FRIDAY, JAN. 15, 2021
Lottery players will have a shot Friday night at the second largest jackpot in U.S. history after no tickets matched all the numbers in the latest Mega Millions drawing.
No jackpot winner in last night's Mega Millions drawing. Now the prize rises to the fifth-largest in U.S. history at $750 million dollars.
The Mega Millions numbers drawn yesterday were: 12-14-26-28-33 and the Mega Ball of 09.
The big prize for Powerball, the other national lottery game, is $550 million for tonight's drawing (Wednesday, January 13, 2021).
Nearly all jackpot winners actually take the cash option, which would be an estimated $550.6 million for Friday's Mega Millions drawing and $411.4 million for Powerball.
The odds of winning Powerball are 1 in 292.2 million and for Mega Millions, it is 1 in 302.5 million.
Mega Millions, Mega Millions drawing, Powerball
UPPER CUMBERLAND AND TENNESSEE VALLEY COVID-19 REPORT – TUESDAY, JANUARY 12, 2021
DOLLAR GENERAL OFFERS WORKERS FOUR HOURS PAY TO GET COVID-19 VACCINE
CHECK YOUR POWERBALL TICKET! CROSSVILLE PLAYER WINS $50K
$198 MILLION DOLLAR WINNING LOTTERY TICKET BOUGHT IN TN.
NO WINNER IN MEGA MILLIONS LOTTERY; JACKPOT SWELLS TO $444 MILLION


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Indiana Health
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IU School of Medicine receives $7 million education grant aimed at eliminating health disparities
IU School of Medicine Jun 05, 2020
Indiana University School of Medicine recently was awarded a $7 million grant from the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) to help the school educate medical students to better care for underserved populations. As the state and nation continue to deal with the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as addressing racial inequities captivating the national consciousness, this grant is aimed at helping IU School of Medicine lead the way in eliminating health care deficits.
The grant will fund a project called Primary Care Reaffirmation for Indiana Medical Education (PRIME). The goal of the program is to provide doctors with the tools needed to offer better care to medically underserved and vulnerable communities, both in primary and specialty care.
PRIME will enhance the IU School of Medicine curriculum by focusing on social determinants of health, primary care skills and health systems science. The curriculum will incorporate telehealth, ultrasound, student-driven community improvement projects and scholarly concentrations. Experiential training opportunities also will be expanded throughout the state, particularly in underserved Indiana communities. This project reaches beyond medical school and will be coupled with primary care residency expansion around the state.
The HRSA grant will award $1.75 million annually for four years with a goal of giving medical students at IU School of Medicine deeper curricular and experiential exposure for providing primary care to underserved areas and populations across the state. This will be accomplished in partnership with the school's large number of clinical partners—affiliations with 120 hospitals, clinics, practice groups and health care organizations—to assist with educational placements. Clinical partners include 26 critical access hospitals and 13 federally qualified health centers statewide.
"It is my hope that through these grant funds, IU School of Medicine will be able to innovatively enhance our medical curriculum in topics of health equity and delivery of health care for underserved communities," said Paul M. Wallach, MD, Executive Associate Dean for Educational Affairs and Institutional Improvement at IU School of Medicine, and the co-principal investigator for the statewide PRIME project team. "At the same time, we want to strengthen educational experiences in primary care so that IUSM graduates are well-grounded in the delivery of high quality care for their patients and communities."
Additionally, IU School of Medicine will strengthen undergraduate recruitment efforts focused on vulnerable populations. This includes promotion of a pipeline program in medical science designed to prepare underrepresented minority students for medical school.
"This grant helps address the pressing needs of our Indiana communities. We have been aware that gaps in care and support exist in both urban and rural underserved areas around the state, but the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the urgency needed to address these health care needs," said Bradley Allen, MD, PhD, Senior Associate Dean for Medical Student Education and the principal investigator on the PRIME team. "PRIME will benefit from the unique training environments at each of the nine IU School of Medicine campuses and help our graduates develop the skillset needed to deal with these challenges, providing hands-on experience in creating solutions for these gaps."
IU School of Medicine is taking a number of steps to improve its climate for diversity, equity and inclusion. Along with curriculum changes, the medical school is implementing a broad set of actions beginning in the 2020-21 academic year designed to improve the academic environment for black students and others underrepresented in medicine.
"We must be a school where all feel welcomed, encouraged and enabled to do their best," said IU School of Medicine Dean Jay L. Hess, MD, PhD, MHSA.
IU School of Medicine is the largest medical school in the U.S. and is annually ranked among the top medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. The school offers high-quality medical education, access to leading medical research and rich campus life in nine Indiana cities, including rural and urban locations consistently recognized for livability.
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CRAZY ICON (Sixties Icon ex Crazy Arrow).
Bay Colt, Born 23 August 2013.
Unbeaten in his first two starts at three on the turf at 1600 and 2000 metres, Crazy Icon entered the Estrellas Classic off two straight defeats when placing second in the G1 Gran Premio Miguel A. Martinez de Hoz at San Isidro in February 2017 and second in the G2 Classic Otono on dirt at Palermo a month later.
His victory in the G1 Estrellas Classic, the highlight of the Carreras de las Estrellas, Argentina's version of the Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships at San Isidro Racecourse in Buenos Aires was extraordinary.
A tough, geniune top level performer in South America Crazy Icon has all the hallmarks of his sire.
Norman COURT Stud 2017. All rights reserved.
Norman Court Stud, Rectory Hill, West Tytherley, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP5 1NF.
© 2018. Created and Powered by Eyefall.


Mr. Sahle has several years experience administering Labor Compliance Programs, Project Labor Agreements and Local Capacity Building Program. His thorough understanding of all three programs enables him to create databases and reports that assist in program administration. Mr. Sahle is responsible for the creation of new reports and systems development. Mr. Sahle has extensive experience working with labor unions and contractors. His knowledge about construction makes him a valued resource for site visits and worker interview. Furthermore, his experience enables him to teach clients and contractors the requirements of their respective programs at pre-construction, pre-bid and pre-job meetings. Mr. Sahle is the program manager for Acalanes Union High School District and Vacaville Unified School District.
Mr. Sahle completed the Turner Construction Company Construction Management course in 2004.


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U.S. Expands Military Bases in the Eastern Mediterranean and Lures Debt-Weary Greece into Provocative Military Partnership for Geopolitical Control of Region
MILITARISM, 28 Sep 2020
Andrew Lee | Covert Action Magazine - TRANSCEND Media Service
[Source: blogspot.com]
23 Sep 2020 – Thousands of Greeks have come out to protest the expansion of U.S. military bases in Greece, arguing this will further destabilize the region and perilously enmesh Greece in endless imperialist wars. Since the arrival of Geoffrey Pyatt as the American ambassador to Greece in October 2016, the government in Athens, to the ire of many Greeks, has become more acquiescent toward U.S. designs in the Mediterranean.
Top: Greeks protest the signing of the U.S.-Greek Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement (MDCA) in Athens. (October 5, 2019) [Source: greekreporter.com]
Below: As tensions escalate with Turkey, and the Greek parliament ratified the MDCA, supporters of the Greek Communist Party protest in central Athens against the expansion of U.S. military bases. (January 30, 2020) [Source: AP Photo/Petros Giannakouris]
Since the end of WWII, the U.S. has been actively trying to dominate both Greece and Turkey, intervening in Greece's civil war under the Truman doctrine and then bringing both Turkey and Greece into NATO on October 17th and October 21st of 1951, respectively. Since then, the U.S. has played off Greece and Turkey against each other.
In 1967, the CIA orchestrated a fascist coup in Greece.[1] And when the new CIA-backed Greek junta organized a coup in Cyprus in 1974, Turkey intervened. The politics in Cyprus have remained contentious. Turkey, nevertheless, remains an important strategic territory for U.S. strategy in the region, both because of the massive U.S. airbase at Incerlik in Turkey and because Turkey is currently the headquarters of NATO's Land Command.
Nevertheless, the geopolitical landscape in the Eastern Meditarranean has now changed because of (1) Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's growing ties to Russia, (2) his attacks on America's Kurdish allies in Syria, and (3) his belief that the U.S. was behind the 2016 coup attempt to oust him from office.[2]
On October 5, 2019, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Deridias signed the Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement whereby Greece allowed the U.S. to (1) expand a deep water naval base used by the U.S. 6th fleet in Crete and (2) invest heavily in a new naval and air force base in Alexandroupolis, which is emerging as a regional energy center.[3]
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias shake hands after signing the Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement. (October 5, 2019) [Source: neweurope.eu]
The Greeks signed the deal because their defense budget was cut virtually in half during the country's eight-year financial crisis. They now have access to better military facilities and can wield strategic advantage over Turkey while easening their defense burden.[4] Further, Greece has begun talks to procure at least 24 fifth-generation F-35 warplanes from the U.S. for $3 billion at a time when Turkey has been suspended from purchasing F-35s.[5]
Pyatt stated after the defense agreement was signed:
Together with Greece and other democratic partners, we are working to push back on malign actors like Russia, China and Iran [that] have different interests and values and different visions for the future of this region.[6]
These comments suggest a new Cold War imperative underlying the U.S. militarization of Greece and an effort to divide the world between so-called pro- and anti-democracy forces.
Thousands of Greeks feel differently, calling on Mike Pompeo to go home as they protested the defense agreement in Athens. Dimitris Koutsoumpas, general secretary of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), said,
The signing of the new agreement between Greece and the U.S., and in particular the maintenance and expansion of U.S. military bases in Greece, will only lead to even greater insecurity for the Greek people and further destabilize the region, with an even greater involvement in interventions, overseas missions and imperialist wars. That's why we have proclaimed 'no' to all of them today.[7]
Geoffrey Pyatt – The Quiet American
Geoffrey Pyatt [Source: wikipedia.org]
In background and temperament, the U.S. Ambassador to Greece, Geoffrey Pyatt, is not too different from Alden Pyle, the protagonist in Graham Greene's famous novel The Quiet American who is so convinced of the righteousness of his cause that he will employ ruthless methods to advance it.[8]
Pyatt grew up in beautiful La Jolla Beach in San Diego and is the son of Kedar "Bud" Pyatt, a nuclear scientist widely known in certain scientific circles as the chief mathematician of the Orion Project, an ambitious U.S. government program of the 1950s that aimed to construct spaceships 400 meters wide and destined to travel the solar system fueled by nuclear energy.[9]
In 1987, Pyatt obtained his Master's degree in international relations from Yale University, a breeding ground for the American foreign policy elite. Pyatt's principal mentor was historian Gaddis Smith, whom Pyatt said helped him to "think about the role of the U.S. in the international system."[10] Smith was a Cold warrior who penned a defense of U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson, one of the major architects of the Cold War who helped guide the U.S. military intervention in Greece during the Greek Civil War (1947-1952).[11]
Pyatt began his diplomatic career in Honduras in the early 1990s,[12] just after the conclusion of the Contra War, when the U.S. provided military and police aid to the government of Rafael Callejas, which granted impunity to death squad operatives who had carried out major human rights crimes in the 1980s.[13]
[Source: twitter.com]
In 2006, Pyatt became deputy chief of diplomatic mission in India, and served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs from May 2010 until July 2013.[14] In the latter capacity, Pyatt helped court ruthless dictators such as Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan, Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan, and Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan as a means of gaining advantage over Russia in helping U.S. corporations access lucrative oil and gas deposits and in securing military bases that could be used to assist the war in Afghanistan.[15]
Pyatt went on to supervise the February 2014 Maidan coup as U.S. ambassador to Ukraine. The American embassy under Pyatt had encouraged right-wing protesters who overthrew the legally elected pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych after they could not get enough signatures to push for the latter's impeachment. The coup resulted in the secession of Ukraine's eastern provinces and a brutal civil war, which drew in Russia.[16]
In January 2014, a conversation between Pyatt and Victoria Nuland, the Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, was intercepted and posted on YouTube. In the conversation, Pyatt talks about imposing a pro-Western leader on Ukraine and agrees with Nuland when she said: "Fuck the EU."[17]
NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY SOUDA BAY, Greece (March 19, 2018) – Cmdr. Peter Halvorsen, left, commanding officer of the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Carney (DDG 64), gives a ship's tour to the U.S. Ambassador to Greece Geoffrey Pyatt at Naval Support Activity Souda Bay, Greece, March 19, 2018. [Source: U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class James R. Turner/Released, wikimedia.org]
Pyatt's career experience, background and foreign policy outlook has prepared him well to advance U.S. strategic designs in Greece. The latter's aim is to draw the country more into the American orbit at a time of growing geopolitical rivalry with Russia and to use newly established military platforms to project U.S. power in present and future wars. Pyatt conveys an air of innocence about him, emphasizing for public relations purposes his hobby of cycling across the Greek countryside and admiration for Greek geography and culture.[18]
In a puff piece in a Greek travel magazine, Pyatt is depicted as a cyclist who marvels at the beauty of the Greek countryside. There is no hint of Pyatt's real and hidden agenda in Greece. [Source: greece-is.com]
Containment of Turkey and Expansion of U.S. Military Base Network in Greece
Pyatt arrived in Greece in October 2016 following the July 15, 2016, ''Gulen coup'' in Turkey, which was put down by Turkish President Erdoğan. Breaking from Erdoğan's Justice and Development Party (AKP), the coup plotters were followers of Fethlullah Gülen – a Sunni cleric who had been charged in 2000 with trying to undermine Turkish secularism and setting up a network of schools while living in the Pocono mountains of Pennsylvania.[19]
The year of the coup, Erdoğan's government bought the S-400 anti-missile system from Russia in a move that signalled its turn away from the United States. Since 1951, Turkey had been a key strategic ally of the U.S., housing the Incirlik Air Base, which was pivotal to U.S. power projection in the Middle East and provided a launching pad for bombing attacks into Iraq during the Persian Gulf Wars.[20]
However, beneath the liberal and humanitarian veneer lies a seasoned political operative and ideologue who is committed to transforming Greece into a neo-colonial client for U.S. strategic and corporate interests.
In this panorama, the U.S. bases in Turkey, though still part of the official headquarters of NATO's Land Armies in Europe, have begun to lose their importance relative to Greece. Already under the left-wing government of Alexis Tsipras (2015-2019),[21] which had come to power vowing to limit the U.S. military presence in Greece, the then Exterior Minister Nikos Kotzias signed an agreement for the expansion of U.S. bases in Greece in the context of the strengthening of Greek-U.S. relations.[22]
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Greek Cyprus President Nicos Anastasiades, Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu and Prime Minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras at the 6th Trilateral Greece-Cyprus-Israel Summit, with the United States in Jerusalem on March 20, 2019. [Credit: The Hurriyet Daily News]
Since 2019, the elected Greek government of the center-right New Democracy Party under Kyriakos Mitsotakis, renewed the deals allowing the U.S. military presence in Greece and appointed Panayotis Kontoleon, a former employee of the U.S. embassy in Greece, as Chief of the Greek National Intelligence Service (NIS) (Ethnikí Ypiresía Plhoroforión EYP). This demonstrates the level of Greece's dependency on Geoffrey Pyatt and the U.S. government.
The U.S. military has now been granted permission to create three additional bases in Greece, apart from the presence of the U.S. 6th Fleet in Souda, Crete. The new bases are located in Volos and Larissa in Central Greece and in Alexandroupolis in the northern coast of the Aegean in Thrace, Greece. In the military spectrum, the U.S. intends to control the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkan peninsula toward the Black Sea.
In order to control the whole region, the U.S. has been and will continue to employ the AWACS (Airborne Warning And Control System–a mobile, long-range radar surveillance and control center), stationed in Western Greece, in the Aktion airport.
The aforementioned bases will be used as forward intelligence stations, employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), ships and attack helicopters.[23]
The U.S. has considered these bases indispensable, especially after the latest developments in the Middle East and as a result of the Russian annexation of Crimea following the 2014 Maidan coup in Ukraine. Crimea is considered a dangerous Russian ''port'' which supports access to the Mediterranean.
At the same time, Athens considers these bases necessary as defensive positions against any military aggression from Ankara. Relations between Greece and Turkey have been marked by alternating periods of hostility and reconciliation since Greece won its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. The two countries have fought each other in four major wars (Greco-Turkish War of 1897; Balkans War of 1912/3; World War I and Greco-Turkish War of 1922), and clashed over the island of Cyprus.[24] Military tensions have risen again due to conflicts over maritime zones in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, and over drilling rights for gas in waters claimed by Cyprus. The U.S. now sides with the Greeks in these latter disputes, representing a major shift from just a few years ago.[25]
U.S. bases as of 2020. Red: Already existing and partially functioning bases. Purple: Projects for future military bases. [Source: rizospastis.gr]
Proposed East Med Pipeline: The U.S.-Greek Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement comes in the wake of 2019 Congressional legislation to fund the the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019 which CAM reported on last year. In the two graphics above, note the parallels between (1) the proposed expansion of U.S. military bases and (2) the proposed new gas and oil pipelines.
The U.S. and Greece: Historic Relationship
The U.S. Navy has shared the use of a naval base at Souda Bay on Crete since the 1950s. At the time, the U.S. was providing nearly $1 billion under the Truman doctrine to Greek monarchist forces in the civil war fighting against leftists who helped to defeat pro-Nazi elements during World War II. Secretary of State George C. Marshall advocated for "stern and determined measures" to defeat the pro-communist ELAS. These measures included torture in island concentration camps and execution by firing squad.[26]
Greece at this time became well-integrated into the NATO system, sending troops to assist the U.S. in fighting the Korean War. In the early 1960s, when Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou wanted to end Greece's status as a client of the West and pull out of NATO, the CIA helped to install Georgios Papadopoulos in a 1967 coup, which led to the declaration of martial law and gruesome torture using American-made instruments.[27] Papandreou came back to power in the early 1980s, though he was co-opted into signing an agreement allowing for the retention of four U.S. military bases and smaller installations on Greek soil.[28]
The debt crisis which has prompted the signing of this more recent defense pact had been driven in part by Goldman Sachs, which in the early 2000s, secretly helped Greece keep billions of dollars of debt off their balance sheet through the use of complex financial instruments like credit default swaps. This allowed Greece to meet the baseline requirements to enter the Eurozone. But it also helped create a debt bubble that would later explode and bring about the current economic crisis, which the Trump administration is now exploiting to further its own imperial ambitions.[29]
The U.S. Army's Locations
With the renewal of the defensive cooperation between the U.S. and Greece in October 2019, and with the Greek Parliament's approval of it, the U.S. troops will have a reinforced presence in Greece from north to south.
Souda Base
The deal aims to improve the existing military facilities and infrastructure, especially in Souda, Crete. Souda, is the largest and most important U.S. military naval base in the Eastern Mediterranean. The base contains, apart from military vessels and an aircraft carrier, cargo and transport ships for U.S. Special Forces and Navy Seals and functions as a naval fuelling station and training and missile testing center. Moreover, Souda is the only maritime base in the Mediterranean that can support a nuclear aircraft carrier.[30]
Souda Bay is considered a place of great strategic importance because of its location between Europe, Africa, and Asia and constitutes a base of supply and logistics for the U.S. forces in the Mediterranean. The U.S. engineer corps has been constructing and expanding the dock K14, where the aircraft carriers are resupplied for any missions in the region. Militarily, Souda docks have been extensively used by the U.S. Navy operations in Libya, during NATO's 2011 intervention against Muammar Gaddafi. Also, the U.S. Air Force has been using the base for attack operations in Libya and Syria as well as Afghanistan and Iraq.[31]
Souda Base in Crete, location and proximity to the hot spots in the Eastern Mediterranean. [Source: lexingtoninstitute.org]
A more detailed vision of Souda base and its environs. Note the quantity of military installations. [Source: lexingtoninstitute.org]
Larissa Base
At the air base of Larissa, concretely in the 110th Battle Section, the U.S. Air Force has deployed many UAVs such as the MQ-9 Reaper, capable of spying at very high altitudes. In December 2019, the U.S. forces made an exhibition of their aerial capacities to their Greek counterparts for common training and possible future purchase.[32]
Stefanovikio Volos Base
In the 1st Brigade's Military Airforce in Stefanivikio, Volos, many U.S. helicopters have been placed since 2018-19. Since March 2019, the U.S. forces have had a permanent base there alongside their Greek counterparts, with whom they train mutually. Concretely, around 35 transport and attack helicopters are stationed there such as Chinooks, Kiowa Romeo, Apaches and Black Hawks.[33] On January 31, the Greek Parliament approved the defense agreement with the U.S. (MDCA) with 175 votes in favor, 33 against and 80 declaring ''present'' out of the 298 voting MPs. In this context, the Stefanovikio base houses the 1st Air Transport Brigade of Greece and, since March, around 510 U.S. Marines that have been participating in mutual exercises as the agreement stipulates.[34]
Moreover, the 3d Marine Aviation Brigade is stationed there and has made extensive preparations for common exercises with the Greek Marines. It is also worth noting that Greece purchased several Kiowa reconnaissance helicopters in March 2019 from the U.S.
In the official delivery of these helicopters in Stefanovikio base, Geoffrey Pyatt gave a fiery speech about the strengthening of U.S.-Greek relations. Pyatt stated:
Stefanovikio, which is specifically designated in this enhanced MDCA, is now formally a place where the United States can expand the scope of what we do, and I expect next year, we will see an even more robust and impressive U.S. presence here.[35]
The modern-day "Quiet American," as these statements indicate, is an arch-militarist who sees the 2019 defense pact as the beginning of something much greater.
Geoffrey Pyatt delivers a speech to U.S. military advisers in Greece amidst the backdrop of helicopters at Stefanovikio. [Source: eleutheria.gr]
A coastal town of Northern Greece to the Aegean, close to the Turkish borders, Alexandroupolis constitutes a strategic location for the U.S. interests in the wider region. It is a transport hub of energy resources throughout the Balkans. It has a storage facility for natural gas and Greece will soon start building a gas pipeline that will connect to Bulgaria and enable shipments of U.S. liquified natural gas to the Balkans, upsetting a Russian monopoly.[36]
The Syriza and New Democracy governments, alongside Geoffrey Pyatt, have collaborated in bringing U.S. military personnel and drones to the port of Alexandroupolis. Pyatt has already visited the city five times in order to inspect the newly acquired land and the port which will play a crucial role for U.S. spying intelligence in the Aegean and, especially, the Black Sea.
U.S. helicopters (UH-60s) were transported from Alexandroupolis after the NATO military drills ''Carpathian Eagle'' in 2017 and ''Atlantic Resolve'' in 2019. In 2017, the Greek government agreed to the creation of a helicopter base with the creation of a platform for the assembly and dismantlement of U.S. helicopters. Such a base exists only in Germany.[37] Apart from military drills, U.S. companies have a clear interest in shipping liquified natural gas through the aforementioned port and pipeline. Recently, on July 23, Geoffrey Pyatt visited Alexandroupolis for the commemoration of the city port's 170th anniversary. This clearly shows U.S. ambitions for the city's port and pipeline and for its military use, especially after the deterioration of U.S.-Turkey relations.
More U.S. Projects for Further Military Bases
In the military airport of Araxos, in southwestern Greece, there are plans for re-opening a U.S. base that was dismantled after the end of the Cold War. The further deterioration of relations between the U.S. and Turkey has reignited interest from the U.S. military to re-open the base and transfer the 50 nuclear warheads from Incirlik in Turkey to the Araxos base.
As for the Aegean, Greek governments had orally expressed their permission for leasing land in Syros Island in the Central Aegean, which would be used for construction of a new naval base. In the Karpathos and Kalymnos islands, the U.S. government is also planning to open a helicopter and aircraft base.[38]
Other Key players in the Region
Strengthened ties between Israel and Greece are helping to further U.S. strategic ambitions in the Mediterranean. On January 2, 2020, Greece, Cyprus, and Israel signed a deal to build a 1,900 km (1,180 mile) subsea pipeline to carry natural gas from the eastern Mediterranean's rapidly developing gas fields to Europe.[39] The deal comes in the wake of the 2019 Congressional legislation to fund the "Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019," which CAM reported on last year in its article entitled "Eastern Mediterranean Project: U.S. Plans to Curb Russia from Region." The Proposed East Med Pipeline graphic above displays the future pipeline and locations of oil and gas. Despite a momentary setback for this project, Israel has found ways to expand its military through Cyprus and Crete. In Cyprus, Israeli forces have trained the Cypriot National Guard in ''counter-terrorist'' operations, and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has also conducted drills with the Greek Air Force and with U.S. forces stationed at Souda Bay.
According to a Reuters report, a Russian S-300 anti-aircraft system, sold to Cyprus 18 years ago but now located on Crete, had been activated during joint drills between the Greek and Israeli air forces in April-May 2018. The activation allowed Israel's warplanes to test how the S-300s lock-on system works, gathering data on its powerful tracking radar and how it might be blinded or bluffed.[40]
One defense source in the region said Greece had done so at the request of the United States on at least one occasion in the past year. Israel's incursions into Syria could be the main reason for these drills since Syria maintains several S-300 Air Defense Systems.
Both wittingly and unwittingly, Israel appears to be serving as a key strategic proxy for the U.S. in the Mediterranean. In hindsight, Pyatt's arrival as ambassador marked the turning point for (1) the U.S. strategic shift to Greece as a key ally in the region, (2) the militarization of the country and (3) the transforming of Greece into a neo-colonial client for U.S. strategic, geopolitical and corporate interests.
Silently but methodically, the Trump administration has managed to secure Greece as a substantial territory for future military operations in the Mediterranean, in the Middle East and, above all, in the Black Sea. And the Greeks, weakened by debt and consumed by their rivalry with Turkey, have been unable to effectively resist.
[1] Marlise Simons, "Andreas Papandreou, Greek Leftist Who Admired and Annoyed U.S., Dies at 77," The New York Times, June 24, 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/24/world/andreas-papandreou-greek-leftist-who-admired-and-annoyed-us-diesat-77.html; William Blum, Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2004), 34-39.
[2] Alex Ward, "How America's Relationship with Turkey Fell Apart: The NATO Allies' Partnership Has Devolved Into a 'Slow Motion' Car Crash," Vox, April 11, 2019, https://www.vox.com/world/2019/4/11/18292070/usa-turkey-trump-erdogan-s400
[3] Helena Smith, "Pompeo Hails 'New Era' with Greece After Signing Revised Defense Deal," The Guardian, October 6, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/06/mike-pompeo-greece-revised-defense-deal
[4] Vissilis Nedos, "Ex-Minister Apostolakis Hails U.S.-Greece Defense Deal," Ekathimerini.com, June 10, 2019, https://www.ekathimerini.com/245223/article/ekathimerini/news/ex-minister-apostolakis-hails-us-greece-defense-deal; John Psaropoulos, "US, Greece hail strategic relationship after signing defence deal," Al Jazeera, October 5, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/greece-hail-strategic-relationship-signing-defence-deal-191005175854999.html.
[5] Anthee Carassava, "Greece to Buy Warplanes, Battleships to Boost Defense Against Turkey," Voice of America, September 13, 2020, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2020/09/mil-200913-voa02.htm?_m=3n%2e002a%2e2883%2ezx0ao0f3rr%2e2nwh
[6] Smith, "Pompeo Hails 'New Era' with Greece After Signing Revised Defense Deal."
[7] "Greeks take to the streets in large numbers against visit of Mike Pompeo," People's Dispatch, October 8, 2019, https://peoplesdispatch.org/2019/10/08/greeks-take-to-the-streets-in-large-numbers-against-visit-of-mike-pompeo/
[8] Graham Greene, The Quiet American (London: Heinemann, 1955).
[9] Parlos Papadopoulos, "US Ambassador Geoffrey Pyatt: 'Coming to Greece Was Like Coming Home,'" Greece Is, September 10, 2020, https://www.greece-is.com/us-ambassador-geoffrey-pyatt-coming-to-greece-was-like-coming-home/
[10] "Alumni Spotlight: The Whitney and Betty McMillan Center For International and Area Studies at Yale," Fall 2006, https://southasia.macmillan.yale.edu/news/alumni-spotlight-geoffrey-pyatt
[11] Gaddis Smith, Dean Acheson (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1972).
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Pyatt. Another of Smith's books criticized Jimmy Carter for being too weak and inept in foreign policy.
[13] "Human Rights Developments – Honduras, 1992," https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/AMW2-01.htm
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Pyatt
[15] See Alexander Cooley and John Heathershaw, Dictators Without Borders: Power and Money in Central Asia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017); Eugene Rumer, Richard Sokolsky, and Paul Stronski, "U.S. Policy Towards Central Asia 3.0," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, January 25, 2016, https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/01/25/u.s.-policy-toward-central-asia-3.0-pub-62556
[16] On these events, see Richard Sakwa, Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands (London: I.B. Tauris, 2016).
[17] Abby Ohlheiser, "State Department Official Caught on Tape Saying F*ck the EU," The Atlantic, February 6, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/state-department-official-caught-tape-saying-f-eu/357812/
[18] Parlos Papadopoulos, "US Ambassador Geoffrey Pyatt "Coming to Greece Was Like Coming Home,'" Greece Is, September 10, 2020, https://www.greece-is.com/us-ambassador-geoffrey-pyatt-coming-to-greece-was-like-coming-home/ [NOTE: Why is the number of the footnote (18) in larger type?]
[19] Dylan Matthews, "Turkey's Coup: the Gulen Movement, Explained," Vox, September 13, 2016, https://www.vox.com/2016/7/16/12204456/gulen-movement-explained. Whether the CIA was behind the Gulen coup has not been confirmed, but Turkish prosecutors sought the arrest of CIA operative Graham Fuller, who had links to Gulen, for trying to overthrow the Turkish government. "Turkey Seeks Arrest of Ex-CIA Officer Fuller Over Coup Plot," BBC, December 1, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42198399
[20] Ayse Gul Altmay and Amy Holmes, "Opposition to the U.S. Military Presence in Turkey in the Context of the Iraq War," In The Bases of Empire: The Global Struggle Against U.S. Military Posts, Catherine Lutz , Ed.(New York: New York University Press, 2009), 276.
[21] SYRIZA, ANEL government, 2015-2019.
[22] See "Once Anti-American, Syriza's Greece Invites U.S. Military Presence," The National Herald, July 2, 2019, https://www.thenationalherald.com/archive_whats_new/arthro/once_anti_american_syriza_s_greece_invites_us_military_presence-15895/ [NOTE: On the website it is "Once Anti-American, SYRIZA's Greece Invites US Military Presence"]
[23] https://www.rovespieros.gr/olokliri-ellada-natoiki-vasi/
[24] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Turkish_relations#cite_note-170
[25] Michele Kambas, Tuvan Gumrukcu, "Greek, Turkish Warships in 'Mini Collision' Ankara Calls Provocative," Reuters, August 14, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-turkey-warships/greek-turkish-warships-in-mini-collision-ankara-calls-provocative-idUSKCN25A161; Dave De Camp, "US and Greece Sign New Defense Pact: Deal Means New US Military Bases, Pompeo Calls on Turkey to Stop Illegal Drilling," Antiwar.com, October 6, 2019, https://news.antiwar.com/2019/10/06/us-and-greece-sign-new-defense-pact/
[26] See Lawrence Wittner, American Intervention in Greece, 1943-1949 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982); Jeremy Kuzmarov, Modernizing Repression: Police Training and Nation Building in the American Century (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012), 190-193; William Blum, Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2004), 34-39.
[27] William Blum, "Anti-Empire Report #137," February 13, 2015, https://williamblum.org/aer/read/137. Papandreou once called the United States the "expansionist Mecca of imperialism."
[28] Marlise Simons, "Andreas Papandreou, Greek Leftist Who Admired and Annoyed U.S., Dies at 77," The New York Times, June 24, 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/24/world/andreas-papandreou-greek-leftist-who-admired-and-annoyed-us-diesat-77.html
[29] William Blum, "Anti-Empire Report #137," February 13, 2015, https://williamblum.org/aer/read/137
[30] See Daniel Goure, Souda Bay: NATOs Military Gem in the Eastern Mediterranean (Lexington Institute, March 2016), https://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Souda-Bay-NATOs-Military-Gem.pdf
[31] Goure, Souda Bay.
[32] https://www.in.gr/2020/02/02/politics/diplomatia/aytes-einai-oi-vaseis-pou-tha-exoun-oi-amerikanoi-stin-ellada/
[33] https://www.eleftheria.gr
[34] https://www.ekathimerini.com/249705/article/ekathimerini/news/joint-military-exercises-evidence-of-us-commitment-to-greece-alliance-says-pyatt
[36] Psaropoulos, "U.S., Greece Hail Strategic Relationship After Signing Defense Deal."
[37] https://www.militaire.gr
[38] https://www.rizospastis.gr/story.do?id=9805375
[39] Angeliki Koutantou, "Greece, Israel, Cyprus Sign EastMed Gas Pipeline Deal," Reuters, January 2, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-cyprus-israel-pipeline/greece-israel-cyprus-sign-eastmed-gas-pipeline-deal-idUSKBN1Z10R5
[40] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-israel-greece/israel-trained-against-russian-made-air-defense-system-in-greece-sources-idUSKBN0TN10G20151204
Andrew Lee is an independent researcher and historian who studies the far-right parties in Greece and the wider region of the Balkans.
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Tags: Anglo America, Anti-militarism, Demonstrations, Europe, European Union, Greece, Hegemony, Imperialism, Mediterranean Sea, Military Industrial Complex, Military Intervention, Military Supremacy, Protests, US Military, USA, War
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