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Home » PREPARATION OF A TRADITIONAL POLY HERBAL PRODUCT AND STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DOSAGE FORM
PREPARATION OF A TRADITIONAL POLY HERBAL PRODUCT AND STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DOSAGE FORM
Hamid Reza Monsef Esfahani 1, Homa Hajimehdipoor *2, 3, Negin Dorri 1, Leila Ara 2, Bahara Eslami 2, Shirin Fahimi 3 and Seyed Momen Hejazi Kojoori 4
International Campus 1, Faculty of Pharmacy 1, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center 2 and Department of Traditional Pharmacy 3, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Soha Jissa Co. 4, Salmanshahr Industrial Zone, Mazandaran, Iran.
ABSTRACT: "Soda" is one of the humors in the body which should be in normal level for being healthy. If "soda" increases in the body, some undesirable symptoms appear. In order to eliminate the excess "soda", at first it should be maturated. There are different formulations in Iranian traditional medicine references as "Monzig-e-soda" which is a way of maturation of black bile. In one of the references, the aqueous extract of Cordia mixa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adiantum cappilus-veneris, Foeniculum vulgare, Fumaria spp, Lavandula angustifolia, Echium amoenum, Melissa officinalis and Ziziphus jujuba is prepared as decoction. In the present investigation, the capsule form of the plants was prepared and its stability was assessed. The mentioned species were mixed in ratio of 2.4:1.5:1:1:1:1:1:1:2, respectively and extracted with water (1:10) in 90 °C, 2h. The aqueous extract was dried and packaged in capsules 500 mg. In order to assess the stability of capsules, they were divided into two groups: group 1 were placed in 30 °C and room humidity for 12 months (long- term stability) and group 2 were put in 40 °C and 75% humidity for 6 months (accelerated stability). Sampling was performed every 2 months and total phenolic compounds, mucilage content and microbial levels were determined in each sample. The results showed no significant changes in total phenolics and mucilage contents of the capsules during accelerated tests. Microbial tests were in agreements with references. For estimating expiration date for the product by using Y=2X formula, two years stability could be predicted.
Monzig-e-soda, Stability, Mucilage, Total phenolics, ITM
INTRODUCTION: According to Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), the body consists of four humors including blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile that each of them has a certain temperament. When the humors are in balance, the body is healthy while, unbalance humors can cause illness 1 - 4.
Among these four humors, black bile (traditionally named "soda") is the heaviest one and in fact it is the blood sediments which results from the metabolism of the blood. "Soda" is responsible for nourishing the spleen, bone, cartilage and tendons. Other roles include strengthening the stomach, stimulating appetite, causing blood concentration as well as reducing blood circulation 5.
The excess of "soda" production in the body can cause related symptoms. These symptoms can be divided into mental and physical symptoms. Dryness is the key physical sign of having excess "soda".
This dryness can be observed in the body organs like brain, skin, hair, nails and body mucous including the eyes, mouth and uterus. Another symptom of excess "soda" is the darkness of skin. Iranian traditional scholars believed that "soda" has cold temperament and this feature causes skin condensation which this increases the density of skin pigments and its darkness 5 - 7. Symptoms similar to desperation and obsession show signs of "soda" dominance that affects the brain. Person with the "soda" dominance has no hope for the future and is permanently thinking of destruction and death.
In fact, most psychological symptoms of "soda" dominance can be compared with the symptoms of major depression in conventional medicine 6. In order to treat "soda" dominance in ITM, the amount of "soda" in the patient's body should be reduced. To excrete the excess of "soda", this humor should be first maturated for elimination using maturating drugs and subsequently purgative drugs should be consumed 2.
Several formulations (traditionally named "Mozig-e-soda") have been introduced in ITM references for this purpose, one of which is a mixture of herbs including Cordia mixa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adiantum cappilus-veneris, Foeniculum vulgare, Fumaria spp, Lavandula angustifolia, Echium amoenum, Melissa officinalis and Ziziphus jujuba. After being powdered, the plants mixed together and then their aqueous extract is prepared using decoction method 8. However, this form is not accepted by patients, especially in cases where medication must be taken for a long time.
Therefore, it is necessary to prepare suitable dosage form of the medicine. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare capsules of "Monzig-e-soda" as one of the most convenient dosage forms due to their easy consumption with no sense of unpleasant taste and then the stability of the dosage form was assessed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Preparation of "Mozig-e-soda" Capsules: Cordia mixa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adiantum cappilus-veneris, Foeniculum vulgare, Fumaria spp, Lavandula angustifolia, Echium amoenum, Melissa officinalis and Ziziphus jujube ration were purchased from a local market in Tehran and identified by Dr. H. Hajimehdipoor. They were powdered and mixed in ratio of 2.4:1.5:1:1:1:1:1:1:2. They were extracted by using water as solvent (1:10), 90 °C, 2h.
The mixture was filtered and dried by using a spray dryer (Anhydro Co. Denmark). The capsules (size 0) were filled with the powder, 500 mg, and packaged in containers (30 capsules in each).
Stability Tests: Capsules were divided into two groups. To perform the stability testing, the first group was placed under accelerated Condition at 40°C and 75% humidity for 6 months. The second group (long term stability) was kept at 30°C for one year. Sampling was carried out at intervals of every two months 9. Different tests were performed on the samples to determine the total phenolic compounds, the gum and mucilage as well as microbial levels.
Determination of Total Phenolics Content in the Product:
Preparation of Drug Sample: the contents of 10 capsules were mixed together. 500 mg of the powder was dissolved in 10 ml water and then was diluted to 25 ml with the same solvent.
Preparation of Pyrogallol Standard Solution: 5 mg of pyrogallol standard material was dissolved in 5 ml water and then diluted to 10 ml with the same solvent (0.5 mg/ml). Solutions with concentrations of 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25 mg/ml were prepared respectively from the stock standard solution.
Methods: 2 ml of the drug sample/standard was transferred into the 25 ml flask and 1 ml of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was added to the flask. Then 10 ml of distilled water was added and the solution was reached the volume using sodium carbonate (29% w/v). After 30 minutes, 1ml of the sample was transferred to the each well of 24 well-microplates. These steps were also conducted for the blank with the exception that instead of drug samples, distilled water was used. The absorbance of the samples and standards were measured at 760 nm using ELISA-reader 10 - 13.
The concentration of phenolic compounds in each sample was calculated according to the pyrogallol calibration curve.
Determination of Gum and Mucilage Content in the Product: The contents of 50 capsules were mixed with each other. Then 5 g of the herbal powder and 100 ml of distilled water were poured in an flask and placed in the refrigerator for 24 hours. After the desired time, the sample was filtered. 50 ml of the filtered liquid was mixed with 100 ml of alcohol (95%) and by filtering after 24 hours, gum and deposited mucilage on filter paper was weighted to determine their amount 14.
Microbial Tests: The herbal capsules were undergone microbial tests according to WHO guidelines 15.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Maintaining a balance between the four humors of the body is very important. An imbalance in the body's four elemental humors such as the excess of black bile, causes associated symptoms. To overcome the problem, the excessive humor should be expelled from the body using maturating and purgative drugs 2. Several formulations have been mentioned in ITM for this purpose which one of them including Cordia mixa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adiantum cappilus-veneris, Foeniculum vulgare, Fumaria spp, Lavandula angustifolia, Echium amoenum, Melissa officinalis and Ziziphus jujuba 8 was used in the present investigation.
The dried extract of the plants mixture was brown, sticky and fine powder with special odor which was prepared in hard gelatin capsules.
This dosage form is more acceptable than decoction for the patients. The stability of the capsules was assessed. Stability here means ensuring the sustainability of the identity, strength, quality and purity of the product. In fact, it can be interpreted that during definite time and under certain circumstances of storage, the product maintains its important and pre-approved characteristics.
Moreover, in order to estimate the half-life and expiration date and support the product label, the stability studies are necessary 9. During the present study, the equation of Y=2.8345X+0.0579, R2 = 0.9992 was obtained using pyrogallol calibration curve. The total phenolic compounds (expressed as pyrogallol equivalents) in "Mozig-e-soda" capsules at 30 °C and 40 °C and at different times has been shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1: CONTENTS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, GUM AND MUCILAGE IN "MOZIG-E-SODA" CAPSULES IN ACCELERATED AND LONG-TERM STABILITY TESTS
(month) Phenolic compounds (%) Gum and mucilage (%)
30 °C 40 °C 30 °C 40 °C
0 1.841±0.002 17.07±0.17
2 1.838±0.010 1.824±0.006 16.94±0.38 16.97±0.55
8 1.810±0.024 - 16.77±0.67 -
10 1.792±0.036 - 16.53±0.20 -
Moreover, the diagrams of reduction percentage of components have been presented in Fig. 1. Microbial levels of capsules were in agreement with WHO acceptable limits 15.
Different studies have been conducted to determine the stability of herbal products. One of these studies evaluated the stability of Rasayan churna (an Indian herb). The stability studies has been conducted at the temperature of 40 °C ± 2 and relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5 and a temperature of 25 °C ± 2 and RH of 60% ± 5. Physicochemical parameters and microbial cultures were evaluated for 6 months, and long-term stability for 1 year. Sampling was conducted at time points of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed no changes in the color, smell and taste of the products under accelerated conditions within 6 months. In addition, long-term sustainability tests confirmed the stability of the drug in the year 16.
In another study performed on the stability of Black cohosh, polyphenolic compounds and triterpene glycosides of the plant were evaluated and the results showed no significant changes in the phytochemical constituents for three years.
However, the polyphenolic compounds in Black cohosh decomposed more rapidly and therefore had a lower stability and half-life compared to the other components 17.
In the present study that investigated the stability of "Mozig-e-soda" capsules, no changes in color, smell and taste of the drug powder in capsules was observed. Total phenolic contents of the products as well as gum and the mucilage of the herbal powder showed no significant changes within six months under accelerated conditions at 40 °C and 75% humidity. In fact, the level of changes in these plant components is less than 5% which indicates the stability of the drugs in adverse weather conditions and transportation 9. Gum and mucilage as well as phenolics were decreased with the same rate as it can be seen in Fig. 1. Long-term tests also confirmed the stability of the drug at 30 °C for one year. Although the rate of decrease in phenolics is more than gum & mucilage (Fig. 1), the difference is negligible. Thereby, according to ICH 9 and using the equation Y = 2X, which X is the duration of long-term stability test, a two-year expiration date can be predicted for the drug. Although for determination of actual expiration date of a drug, tests should be performed for the entire anticipated duration on the product. Results of microbial tests on the products in both accelerated and long-term conditions are also confirmed the stability of the product. Therefore, it can be concluded that phenolic compounds present in the product, as well as gum and mucilage have low decomposition rate and can be considered as the main marker of quality control of "Mozig-e-soda" product.
FIG. 1: PERCENTAGE OF REDUCTION IN GUM AND MUCILAGE AND PHENOLICS CONTENT OF "MONZIG-E-SODA" CAPSULES DURING ACCELERATE AND LONG TERM STABILITY TESTS
CONCLUSION: Due to the low variations of phenolic compounds, gum and mucilage in "Mozig-e-soda" capsules that has been prepared by spray-drying method, and based on the stability studies under accelerated conditions at 40 °C and 75% humidity as well as stability studies under normal condition (30 °C), it can be concluded that the "Mozig-e-soda" product is stable for at least two years.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors wish to thanks the Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran for the financial support of the project (grant no. 156). The data have been obtained from a Pharm. D student thesis (Negin Dorri). The authors also thank Soha Jissa Company for preparing the dried extract.
DECLARATION OF INTEREST: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Moein E, Hajimehdipoor H, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Choopani R and Toliyat T: Review of an aloe-based formulation used in Iranian traditional medicine. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products 2016; 11:e40193.
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Choopani R, Ghourchian A, Hajimehdipoor H and Kamalinejad M: Scientific evaluation of pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis in the Canon of medicine. Journal of Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine2016; 21: 228-234.
Thomas J and Grey I: From black bile to the bipolar spectrum: a historical review of the bipolar affective disorder concept. Archives of Depression and Anxiety 2016; 2: 010-015.
Choopani R, Mehrbani M, Fekri A and Mehrabani M: Treatment of atopic dermatitis from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine: presentation of a novel therapeutic approach. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017; 22: 5-11.
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Authors: H. R. M. Esfahani, H. Hajimehdipoor*, N. Dorri, L. Ara, B. Eslami, S. Fahimi and S. M. H. Kojoori
Authors Address: Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Email: hajimehd@sbmu.ac.ir
Received: 30 May, 2017
Revised: 19 August, 2017
Accepted: 26 January, 2018


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Corneal Transplantation
About Prof. Findl
Prim. Univ. Prof. Dr. Oliver Findl, MBA, FEBO
Prof. Findl is a highly qualified consultant eye surgeon delivering expert care. He gained extensive experience in ocular surgery at the Vienna General Hospital, as Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London and currently holds the position of Chief of Department of Ophthalmology at the Vienna Hanusch Hospital. In addition to his clinical work, Prof. Findl is a worldwide renowned researcher in the field of ocular surgery.
From 1994 to 2006, Prof. Findl had a tenure as Assistant Professor at the Vienna University Hospital (AKH), Department of Ophthalmology. Thereafter, he was appointed Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon at the renowned Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, the largest eye hospital in the world.
2009 Prof. Findl was appointed Chief of the Departement of Ophthalmology at the Vienna Hanusch Hospital. Apart from his full time job at the Vienna Hanusch Hopsital, he continued to work as a part time Consultant Ophtalmic Surgeon at Moorfields Eye Hospital from 2009 until 2014.
I perform surgery using state-of-the-art equipment. My work is characterized by perfectionism and attention to detail.
Prof. Findl
Medical Occupation
Assistenzarzt und Oberarzt, Univ. Klinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1994 – 2006
Private Clinic, John Saunders Suite, Moorfields Eye Hospital, 2006 – 2009
Chief of Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch-Hospital, Vienna, since 2009
Medical school, University of Vienna, 1986 – 1993
Research fellow (one year) at der Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A., Children's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 1993 – 1994
Assistant Professor at the Vienna University Hospital, (AKH), Department of Ophthalmology, 1994 – 2006
Registered and specialized in Ophthalmology, Austrian Medical Chamber (ÖÄK), 1999
Associate Professor for Ophthalmology – Venia docendi for Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, 2000
Master of Business Administration (MBA) – Health Care Management, Medical University of Vienna and Berlin School of Economics, 2005 – 2007
Neurobiology for MD/PHD Programme, Harvard University, Boston, MA , 1993
Course Clinical investigator, Medical Council of Vienna, 2002
Management course, Salzburg University, Salzburg, 2002
Postdoctoral course "The Art of Teaching", University of Vienna, 2003 – 2004
Fellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology (FEBO), 2004
External clinical traineeship
Columbia University, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, U.S.A., 1989
Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, 1990
Tel-Aviv University, Ichilov Hospital, Israel, 1992
Harvard University, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A., 1992
Married with 2 children
Former extra at the Vienna State Opera
Ski instructor and former ski coach of the Vienna International School Ski Racing Team
Functions in Organisations
Secretary and elected governing board member of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS)
Elected representative of the Austrian Society of Ophthalmology (ÖOG)
Former President of the Viennese Society of Ophthalmology (WOG)
Editorial board member of Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (JCRS)
Member of the scientific advisory board of the Italian Refractive Surgery Society (SICR)
Former member of the ethics committee of the Medical University of Vienna
Editorial board member of the international professional journal 'Eurotimes'
Founder and head of Vienna Institute of Research and Ocular Surgery (VIROS)
Board member of Light for the World since 2018 (learn more)
Memberships in scientific organisations
American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS)
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (DOG)
Deutschsprachige Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation und refraktive Chirurgie (DGII)
European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS)
Österreichische Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (ÖOG)
Wiener Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (WOG)
Guest professorship at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London
Prof. Findl's scientific expertise is esteemed abroad as well: London Moorfields Eye Hospital, one of the wolrd's leading eye hospitals, providing expert clinical care, research and teaching, has appointed Prof. Findl for a guest professorship as Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon from Aug. 2009 until Jan. 2014. In monthly intervals, Prof. Findl commuted to London for a few days to lead research teams and perform surgery.
Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery
In May 2010, Prof. Findl founded the "Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery" (VIROS), a Karl Landsteiner Institute for innovation in ocular surgery. Main fields of research are after-cataract (PCO) and functional vision after cataract surgery.
Prof. Findl regularly gives lectures at international conferences. He is head of several research projects and offers his long standing experience in leading scientific study groups.
ASCRS Binkhorst Lecturer in Washington DC
Every year the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery awards the Binkhorst Medal – rarely to Europeans, in 2018 for the first time to an Austrian. Prof. Findl delivered the prestigious Binkhorst Lecture at the opening session of the 2018 Annual Meeting in Washington DC. The Binkhorst Medal has been awarded since 1975 and, up to now, only to four Europeans.
APACRS Gold Medal 2016
The Asia-Pacific Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (APACRS) annually awards the APACRS gold medal to outstanding ophthalmologists for their signification and excpetional contributions to the development of cataract and refractive surgery. In 2016, Prof. Findl was chosen to hold the prestigious LIM Lecture and was awarded the APACRS medal by Prof. Ronald Yeoh. Among only five Europeans who have received this honor so far, Prof. Findl is the first Austrian.
Prof. Findl's passion for research is reflected by the number of his scientific publications. Up to now, he has published more than 260 papers in international scientific journals of ophthalmology.
High precision biometry for accurate intraocular lens power calculation
Prevention of after-cataract , one of the most common "complications" of cataract surgery
First description of the pros and cons of the implantation of two intraocular lenses in one eye, called "piggyback technique"
Impact of bloodflow in the optic nerve on the development of glaucoma
Influence of local anesthesia on ocular blood flow during eye surgery
Changes of eye length during accommodation
In addition to his key lecture series at the Medical University of Vienna on the causes of myopia, the supervision of dissertations and diploma theses and his annual lecture at the "Wiener Augentag", one of Prof. Findl's main field of interest is the development of computer learning programmes.
Prof. Findl's learning tools are highly appreciated by medical students and are among the most frequently used electronic learning devices at medical universities. These cutting-edge learning projects have won several awards, such as the Austrian State Award for Multimedia.
Vienna Ophthalmic Case Studies
Interactive case simulation program for students and ophthalmogolgists.
Ophthalmic Operation Vienna
3D-animations of common eye operations.
Computer learning program on common eye examinations.
e-i Electronic Eye
Interactive online learning tool designed for medical students.
Due to many years of experience in ocular surgery, I am happy to treat difficult surgical cases.
© Prof. Oliver Findl | Impressum | Datenschutz
Design by Lisa + Giorgio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"During the last decade, the [drug] industry has followed an assumption that a single drug hitting a single target was the 'rational' way to design drugs." But, we're learning that Mother Nature may be a bit more complicated than that. "Strategies for targeting…single genes or proteins ignore a very important fact that [the] most, if not all of diseases involve a sophisticated network 'system.'" For example, one little "family of immune molecules" involves like 50 different keys fitting in 20 different locks, "often acting with redundancy, thus making selection of [an] appropriate specific drug" to antagonize one key or one lock may not work in the long run. A whole list of agents have been developed to target a specific molecule for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, for example, but they have all failed. That's why drug companies are now working on so-called "promiscuous drugs" that try to simultaneously affect multiple pathways.
One example of a successful promiscuous plant-based drug is aspirin. It doesn't just target inflammation and offer pain relief, but can act as a blood thinner, and help prevent preeclampsia, and even some types of cancer. Curcumin is another hopeful. Aspirin is an extract of the willow tree bark. Curcumin is an extract of turmeric root. It's considered so anti-inflammatory that it may even work through the skin. A traditional use was to wrap sprains and injury with turmeric-soaked poultices—a use that actually continues to this day. It is so anti-inflammatory it can help counter the effects of mustard gas.
Here is the response of spleen cells to an inflammatory cytokine, extinguished in the presence of curcumin. What about outside of a petri dish, though? "[P]romising effects have been observed in patients with [a variety of] inflammatory diseases." And, one of the reasons there may be such a wide margin of safety with turmeric, despite its powerful pharmacological effects, is that the same pathway promiscuity that may account for its effectiveness may also act synergistically to neutralize side effects.
For example, "[t]urmeric has been traditionally used as…[a] bronchodilator" to open airways in conditions like asthma. Many of the adrenaline-like drugs that do the same thing can raise blood pressure, but the reason turmeric doesn't may be because it has different "components with opposing activities," so has like calcium channel-blocking effects that may actually lower blood pressure at the same time. And, so, side effects may cancel each other out.
This strength in promiscuity, though, is also a weakness. "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration…has been reluctant to approve plant extracts [which, by definition, are composed of] mixtures of different compounds." So, it's like a Catch-22. One drug, one chemical, one mechanism of action, and you can patent it, get FDA approval, and make a billion dollars. But, it may just not work very well. On the other hand, there might be a safe, natural alternative that works better, but industry and the government may not be interested.
SK Mencher, LG Wang. Promiscuous drugs compared to selective drugs (promiscuity can be a virtue). BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2005 5:3.
AH Gilani, A Rahman. Trends in ethnopharmacology. J Ethnopharmacology. (2005) 100(1-2 ):43-49.
A Goel, AB Kunnumakkara, BB Aggarwal. Curcumin as Curecumin: from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 15;75(4):787-809. Epub 2007 Aug 19. Review.
SC Gupta, S Patchva, BB Aggarwal. Therapeutic roles of curcumin: Lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013 15(1):195– 218.
SC Gupta, G Kismali, BB Aggarwal. Curcumin, a component of turmeric: From farm to pharmacy. Biofactors. 2013 39(1):2 – 13.
SC Gautam, X Gao, S Dulchavsky. Immunomodulation by curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007 595:321-41.
Y Panahi, A Sahebkar, S Parvin, A Saadat. A randomized controlled trial on the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in patients with chronic sulphur mustard-induced cutaneous complications. Ann Clin Biochem. 2012 49(Pt - 6):580 – 588.
Comparte "Magic Bullets vs. Promiscuous Plants"
For more detail about the Catch-22, see Plants as Intellectual Property – Patently Wrong?
Aspirin isn't found only in willow tree bark, but throughout the plant kingdom—including fruits and vegetables; see Aspirin Levels in Plant Foods.
Here's the video about the green tea story: Treating Genital Warts with Green Tea. And, if you think that's neat, check out Treating Gorlin Syndrome with Green Tea.
Power Plants shows how plant foods are not to be underestimated.


This article was first published by The Times Red Box on 10th January 2017.
For all the talk of giving young people the best possible start in life, the truth is that this country hasn't paid enough attention to children's mental health. The Prime Minister's speech today was, in many respects, welcome. However, with so much evidence of a serious shortfall in the extra investment promised, it felt like a rather puny response to a burning injustice.
An estimated 1 in 10 children suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem – roughly three pupils in every school class. But too many of these children do not get the effective and timely support they need. The consequences are often lifelong, continuing into adulthood and affecting everything from mental wellbeing to physical health, employment prospects to relationships.
When we know that the majority of mental illness starts before the age of 18, prevention and early intervention in childhood is essential. Schools have a crucial role to play in promoting positive mental health – not only by building emotional resilience and equipping children to cope with life's challenges, but also by providing early support when times get tough to prevent any problems from getting worse.
Counselling is an important evidence-based approach to supporting mental health, and Department for Education guidance sets an expectation that this should be made available in all schools. Sadly, however, this is not the case. School-based counselling is not a statutory requirement in England and the provision and quality of these services remains patchy, with estimates suggesting that up to a third of secondary schools still do not offer counselling to their pupils.
As well as the distressing impact on those who miss out on support, children's mental health services in the NHS are left to pick up the pieces. Yet they are now buckling under the strain of unprecedented demand, with longer delays and more children being sent outrageous distances for treatment.
Meanwhile, the Children's Society's latest annual Good Childhood Report found evidence of a widening gender gap in children's mental health, with more girls aged 10 to 15 unhappy with their lives or their appearance today compared to five years ago. Together with a recent report by NHS Digital highlighting a significant rise in self-harm among young women, this paints a very bleak picture of the state of our younger generation's mental health.
The neglect of children's emotional wellbeing is nothing short of a national scandal. We can, and must, do much more to reduce the prevalence of mental ill health in children, and reduce the stigma so that more people speak out and seek help. That is why I am leading a debate in Parliament on Tuesday, supported by MPs from all parties, to discuss how we can make sure every child receives effective and evidence-based mental health support in schools, and to demand that the Government takes bold action to translate this ambition into reality.
Fortunately, we aren't starting from scratch. School-based support is at the heart of Future in Mind, the ambitious national blueprint for modernising children's mental health care launched when I was the minister. Among the chief recommendations were a named mental health lead in each school to oversee whole-school approaches to improving mental wellbeing, including provision of counselling services and better links with specialist NHS mental health services.
An independent Commission set up by the Education Policy Institute, which I chaired, recently published its report examining the progress made in implementing this plan. We found a number of barriers to progress including poor engagement between schools and the NHS, school leaders lacking the experience or time to commission high-quality counselling services, and heavy workloads restricting teachers' involvement in mental health promotion.
To spark a genuine impetus for change, the Commission's central recommendation is a new Prime Minister's Challenge on Children's Mental Health. This would feature a major national programme to ensure a stronger focus on mental health and wellbeing within schools, with funded mental health training for teachers, high-quality statutory Personal, Social & Health Education (PSHE), and a stronger emphasis on mental wellbeing in the Ofsted framework.
These are just some of the measures I will be calling for in the debate. The speech from Theresa May was a welcome start, but will count for nothing if it is not backed by radical action.


Planning for a relatively long stay in Ukraine.. who's with me?
Russian brides > Main Forum > Planning for a relatively long stay in Ukraine.. who's with me?
Im a 25 year old from western Europe and ive dated a Ukrainian girl for about 2 years (who happened to live in my country) with a big family. After we broke up (no hard feelings) i cannot get used to 'western' girls anymore.
I miss the language.. the family things.. their attitudes. Theres just someting about Eastern European women..
After researching some online dating sites and contacting girls from the Ukraine on social network sites i have the feeling i can get things done over there.. but i also realized: i have to be there.
On location to move things forward..and see how far i will get.
Im a computer programmer (go figure), as long as i have Internet i can work anywhere in the world: so i decided to move to UA this spring 2011 and see what can be done from there..
If i can integrate, get contacts, setup dates.. etc. Trial and error..
Im planning to go to the southern part: Odessa to be exact and see where to go from there..
Maybe.. perhaps perhaps perhaps.. some other person is reading this with a similar journey in mind and maybe we can assist each other in whatever way.
besides work and 'hunting' ill be bored to death there so any useful contribution i can make is welcome.
Im not the type that hangs around drunk in bars and im also not the type that wants as many women as possible: im looking for a serious relationship. but im very easy to get along..so whatever suits you: lets see if we can do something for each other.
My email is christianescape AT gmail dott com or reply to me with a PM..!
i was in ukraine around 2002 to 2004 in the summer.
i want to go back to nikolaev or odecca this spring.
i have been looking at apartment rent or hotel.
a day and i found 1 bedroom hotels for $20 a day.
now a cheap hotel will cost at least $40 a day and in odecca and kiev $60 or $80 a day.
i am looking at apartments now. let`s write and exchange advice.
as far as bars go, there some of the sexiest girls but also pick pockets everywhere.
the ukraine girls are getting snotier all the time unfortunately. to many have been spoiled.
have you thought about 2 apartments if your in for a 3 month stay as i was.
that way you can travel a bit.
Odessa is great for a short stay but I would try kharkov or another city where things are not as expensive. you can take an overnight train any place you want.
not sure if u left yet but im going for 2 weeks later part of june. my 3rd trip there. my 2nd trip now without tour. i have connections there.


text:
Cork mum forced to cancel plans to give presents to ill children
Michelle Savage with the many presents her family were due to gift to seriously ill children to mark their late daughter Alisha's birthday.
Sarah Horgan
A CORK mother who gives presents to ill children on what would have been her little girl's birthday has been forced to make a heartbreaking decision to cancel the family tradition.
Michelle Savage and her husband John lost their four-year-old daughter Alisha to a rare childhood cancer in 2015, after relocating to the US where she underwent specialist treatment.
Every year the family, including daughters Emma Louise and three-year-old Lucia — the little sister Alisha never got to meet, collect presents for children who are in hospital or ill at home.
These are donated by the people of Cork so that John and Michelle can help other children to mark Alisha's special day.
The couple normally spend their late daughter's birthday delivering presents to hospitals and the homes of sick kids.
Michelle Savage unloading presents from the public gifted as part of the Alisha's Rainbow gift appeal with daughters (from left) Emma Louise and Lucia and husband John.
This year, however, the family have found themselves surrounded by presents that can no longer be distributed, due to safety concerns around Covid-19.
They had been collecting the gifts since Alisha's last birthday on August 20.
Now, they will celebrate Alisha's tenth birthday with a cake and some candles at their home, but the presents they have gathered won't be distributed.
"I felt my heart would sink if I gave away those presents because I would be putting other children at risk," Michelle said. "The person who contracts Covid-19 could be someone in hospital with a broken toe.
"It could also be a severely ill child. Although, it brings a tear to my eye to have to do this it wouldn't be right to take a chance."
She said that the feelings of guilt around postponing this year's celebrations have been tough.
"It's difficult not to feel like you are letting these kids down," she said.
"The hardest part is knowing that for some children this would have been the last present they got from us. Many would have been eagerly waiting for the postman to arrive because they know that a present arrives around this time of year.
"We have the presents tucked away safe and hope that we can give them out next year. When it's safe to do so we'd like to celebrate in a way that is extra special."
The last few months have been a struggle for the Savage family, given the arrival of Covid-19 restrictions.
"Seeing all the masks and sanitiser brought us right back to when Alisha was sick," Michelle said.
"We quarantined before everyone else did.
The many presents the Savage family were due to gift to seriously ill children to mark their late daughter Alisha's birthday.
"Having been through what we had with Alisha made us realise the true seriousness of the situation."
Despite losing Alisha and their son Christopher, who was stillborn a number of years ago, Michelle and John still consider themselves lucky.
"We are not the ones who are in hospital waiting for these gifts," she said. "As a family, it has made us realise just how lucky we are.
"Alisha and Christopher might be gone from us but there are other little angels who need our help too."
Michelle said she is determined to treat Alisha's birthday as a celebration. "We have to treat it like a celebration for the other children even if deep down we are heartbroken."
Michelle and John have now found an alternative way to honour their daughter's memory. They are asking everyone they know or who knows Alisha's story to wear her favourite colour, purple, on August 20.
Readers can find out more about Alisha's Rainbow Gift by visiting their Facebook page.
more Cork health articles
Tough restrictions to remain in place for some time, says Taoiseach
Cork nurse makes history
New operating theatres developed in Cork in bid to cut waiting lists for eye surgery
cork peoplecork health


text:
2001 – En rymdodyssé () är en brittisk science fiction-roman av Arthur C. Clarke, utgiven 1968. En svensk översättning av Roland Adlerberth kom ut 1970. Den filmatiserades av Stanley Kubrick som 2001 – Ett rymdäventyr. Den är den första delen i serien Rymdodysséerna.

Handling

Romanen behandlar bland annat människans ursprung (evolutionen) och samverkan mellan mänsklig och artificiell intelligens.

Någon gång i urtiden, för cirka tre miljoner år sedan, lever en primitiv, apliknande däggdjursart i flockar på Afrikas savanner. De för en tynande tillvaro och hotas att gå under som art. De saknar talat språk och använder inga verktyg. Vi får följa en av dessa flockar, då de kämpar för överlevnaden. En dag upptäcker de en stor, svart monolit. Förundrade och nyfikna samlas de kring monoliten, som börjar utforska och bearbeta deras intellekt. När monoliten är klar med sitt arbete, blir den åter passiv och primaterna återgår till sin tillvaro. Men någonting har skett i deras inre: Ett första steg mot mänsklig intelligens har tänts. Dessa smalnäsor börjar använda enkla verktyg och att äta kött. De har förvandlats till människans urfäder.

Scenförändring: Vi befinner oss ombord på en rymdfärja på väg att landa vid en rymdstation i omloppsbana runt jorden. Året är 1999. Ombord finns Heywood Floyd, en högt uppsatt chef inom NASA. Hans mål är månen och forskningsstationen Clavius där man upptäckt en egendomlig, mycket stark avvikelse i månens magnetfält, härstammande från en av månens kratrar, Tycho. Man kallar fenomenet "Tycho Magnetic Anomaly-One", eller TMA-1. Området kring TMA-1 har grävts ut och på platsen har man funnit en mycket stor, helt svart monolit i något för mänskligheten okänt material. Föremålets dimensioner är matematiskt exakta (längd, bredd och höjd förhåller sig till varandra som 1, 4 respektive 9, vilket också är kvadraterna på talen 1, 2 och 3) och dess yta står emot alla försök att utforska den. Man har lyckats fastställa dess ålder till tre miljoner år – det är uppenbart att den inte kan vara gjord av människor. Floyd och ett lag vetenskapsmän anländer till TMA-1 samtidigt som solen för första gången går upp över Tycho-kratern sedan monoliten för första gången grävdes fram. Monoliten avger då en kraftig radiosignal. Efteråt visar det sig att signalen var riktad mot planeten Saturnus. Vidare forskning visar att på Saturnus måne Japetus finns ytterligare en monolit – uppenbarligen mottagare av signalen.

Två år senare (2001) har rymdskeppet Discovery 1 nått fram till Saturnus för att undersöka monoliten närmare.
Skeppets besättning består av Dave Bowman, Frank Poole, skeppsdatorn HAL 9000 och tre vetenskapsmän försatta i artificiell dvala. Datorn HAL 9000 är försedd med artificiell intelligens och dess uppdrag är att på ett säkert sätt föra rymdskeppet till Saturnus. Då skeppet närmar sig Saturnus börjar HAL 9000 att bete sig underligt. Bowman och Poole börjar misstänka att allt inte står rätt till. Poole luras av HAL att göra en rymdpromenad. HAL har påstått att något är fel med en av rymdskeppets antenner. HAL mördar Poole, då han befinner sig utanför rymdskeppet för att reparera felet. Bowman försöker rädda Pooles liv och blir utlåst från rymdskeppet av HAL. Han lyckas ta sig in genom en nödsluss och upptäcker att HAL har stängt av det livsuppehållande systemet för de tre vetenskapsmännen. Bowman är nu fast besluten att stänga av HAL, för att själv ta kommandot över skeppet och fullgöra dess uppdrag – att utforska monoliten. Han kryper in i rymdskeppets innersta, där HAL:s hårdvara finns och stänger av datorn.

Då Bowman tagit kontrollen över rymdskeppet rapporterar han till rymdkontrollen på jorden vad som inträffat. Han beger sig därefter iväg i en av rymdskeppets kapslar för att utforska monoliten som står som en ensam mörk prick på den ljusa sidan av Saturnusmånen Japetus. Då han närmar sig den, öppnas plötsligt dess tidigare matt svarta, ogenomträngliga yta och det sista meddelandet som jorden uppsnappar från Bowman är: "Åh, herre Gud! – den är full av stjärnor!". Monoliten tar kontrollen över Bowmans kapsel och drar den in i sig. Där visar det sig finnas ett slags "kosmisk rangerbangård", där man färdas genom tid och rum, till synes bortom fysikens lagar. Bowman förs till ett egendomligt rum – en slags avbildning av en jordisk hotellsvit, i avvaktan på att vara redo att möta de utomjordiska varelser som en gång ingrep i jordens historia, i syfte att där skapa det dyrbaraste som finns i hela universum – intelligent liv.

Om boken
Boken skrevs av Arthur C. Clarke parallellt med att han i samarbete med Stanley Kubrick tog fram manuskriptet till filmen. Det finns vissa skillnader mellan boken och filmen. I boken är den främmande monoliten placerad på Saturnus måne Japetus, medan den i filmen finns i lagrangepunkten mellan Jupiter och Io. Anledningen till denna förändring i filmen jämfört med boken var att det för den tidens filmmakare var för svårt att återskapa Saturnus ringar på film, därför flyttades den delen av handlingen till Jupiter istället. Men bara några år senare hade filmmakarna lärt sig animera Saturnus ringar på filmduken, i filmen Den tysta flykten från 1972.

Arthur C. Clarke skrev sedan flera fortsättningsromaner till 2001 och i fortsättningsromanerna kretsar monoliten runt Jupiter, inte runt Saturnus.

Källor

Externa länkar

Brittiska science fiction-romaner
Skönlitteratur 1968
Månen i skönlitteratur
1999 i skönlitteratur
2001 i skönlitteratur
Engelskspråkig skönlitteratur
Verk av Arthur C. Clarke

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I was looking for coloring books for my Christmas gifts this year and ran across this lovely book of designs for the horse lover. This book reminded me of my older sister who was always horse crazy as a child (and who has recently begun to color as well.) The beautifully drawn designs in the book brought those memories back and are lovely and fun to color besides. I think the title is apt – it is a great book for any who loves the beauty and majesty of horses.
The designs show horses. Sometimes one, sometimes more than one. Some of the designs also include people. I found that there was a nice mix of both horizontal and vertical designs as well. The designs are detailed with backgrounds but not to the point of being intricate or hard to color.
This is the second book I have read by Jennifer Joyce. She has a wonderful imagination for situations and a real knack for dialog. I enjoy reading her books and the characters are life-like even when they are put in impossible situations (such as in this book.) It's best to put aside reality and just enjoy the flow of the story.
Joyce and Calvin Neil are a couple with two children. Like most couples, they have begun to take one another's efforts for granted. Each of them are so involved in their own daily grind and situations, that they don't see what the other has to contend with.
Things come to a head just as the book starts. When Calvin doesn't take Judy's mince pies out of the oven in time (and they burn slightly), it is the start of a story which involves a Freaky Friday element.
I found all sorts of elements which symbolize the holiday season for me. From Santa (a must have!) to Christmas trees to snowflakes (which can also be used through the winter) to to stockings and wreathes and reindeer, this book has much to offer.
The designs contain detailed elements (especially the full page scenes with full backgrounds); however, I don't consider this book to have intricate or difficult to color images.
I really like the top spiral binding along with the perforated pages. It does away with coloring over the "hump" of the binding. I've been told that this is a major issue for left-handed colorists, so this is a great Christmas book for anyone troubled by this issue.
I've been a fan of Kristan Higgins for many years. I've enjoyed her various books, both stand-alone novels and series. Those books were primarily romances but they always made me laugh and made the characters come alive to me so that I rejoiced as their tales ended happily.
In recent years, Ms. Higgins has moved away from romantic comedies and have ventured into the land of fictional literature. Her stories have taken on a depth that was lacking in her earlier, shorter novels.
"Now That You Mention It" is just such a novel. From it's opening line "The first thought I had after I died was: How will my dog cope with this?", it grabbed my attention and I found myself reading it in segments and then, at odd times of the day when I was alone, I would think through what I had read and than apply it to my own life.
I shared a lot of similar past events with Nora Stuart, the main character of the story. From abandonment issues, to being the smart but not well loved teenager, relationship issues and much more, I could relate to this character. As she progressed through her issues, I did as well. I was even in the hospital recovering from literally the point of death (from a severe pneumonia) as I started reading the book. So, coming back from the brink of death was something very much on my mind.
I laughed a lot (as I always do with Ms. Higgin's books.) I cried even more as Nora went on her own road of discovery by searching into her past. Her relationships with mother, her sister, her niece, her father and others in her current life and in her past were explored and held up to the test of her life in the present.
To say I enjoyed this book is not enough. It made an impact on my life in a positive way. I've been changed by reading it. For a novel to have that kind of effect on me is unusual and is a bar that very few books have risen to. I recommend it highly.
This is a cute and fun and jolly Christmas book of ornaments to have for the holidays. While it is intended for toddlers and young children (my grandkids are 2 and 4 years old respectively), it is also a fun way to add a little jolly Christmas ornaments to display regardless of your age.
The ornaments include: angel, star, Santa, several snowflakes, reindeer, snowman, several ornaments (including a bell shape), a Christmas tree and two hearts, gingerbread girl and boy, and two candy canes. There are also pages of Christmas activities and songs to enjoy throughout the season.
I bought this book thinking that the items would be able to stand on their own but they are really ornaments as only the tree, the reindeer and a star can really stand. All of the items have hole punches at the appropriate spot, so you can add string or thin ribbon to hang them. I don't have a tree this year (I'm recovering from a severe pneumonia with 24/7 oxygen while I recover so a dusty real or artificial tree is a big no-no for me.) I thought I could display this set with the grandkids helping put them together. The tree does stand and will sit on my foyer table with the reindeer and star with a few other Christmas items – so it is my Christmas tree this year! By next year, I will be able to use the rest of the ornaments as intended.
The Mythological creatures in this book have a look of strength and, in more than one instance, an almost sinister expression on their face. I noticed this with the leprechaun as well as others. It gives the creatures in this book a really differ vibe than those in other coloring books that I own. The artist responsible for the designs is very skilled and is able to convey the emotions and attitude of the creatures well. This is the version of the coloring book which has framed at the outer edges of the designs. I believe there is another version which has unfinished edges and no frame. Be sure to choose the style that you prefer. For me, that is the version with frames.
There are many different creatures included in the book, including: dragons, mermaids, pegasus, unicorns and many more. Some of the images are a little more evil in attitude than others, so you may want to watch the video I post in its entirety to see if this is the coloring book for you. Once again, Nathaniel Wake (the small publisher who brings us these books) has come up with a subject and book that appeals to both men and women.
The designs are detailed and several have areas which have a little more intricate/smaller areas to color. Overall, I don't think I will need special coloring medium and I don't consider the designs to be especially difficult or intricate to color. That being said, they are detailed with full backgrounds and will provides hours of fun in coloring.
Reading this book was both an enjoyment of the writing style and a real desire to talk some sense into the main character. It was almost painful to read as Jane (the main character of the story) careened from bad decision to bad decision without reflecting on the reality of her life goals.
Jane has decided that it is time to begin dating again after having broken up (one year ago to the day) with her long-term relationship with her high-school sweetheart. Having been involved with Bob for nine years (since she was 16), now at 26, Jane isn't too sure of how she will find "the one" that she feels will be out there waiting for her beck and call. Her focus is narrowed onto this and all other individuals and goals in her life are set aside as she is sure she will end up with her partner within months if not weeks.
I discovered Elizabeth Cadell's books as a teenager years ago. I loved her gentle slice of life stories and quickly read every book our small library had in stock.
As an adult, I found that Ms. Cadell's books were out-of-print and very difficult to find. I obtained the ones that I could but others, such as this book, remained too far out of reach for me to buy.
I was thrilled to find this title available on Kindle and purchased it and waited for the right time to read it (when I could enjoy the author's delicate humor.) The story is right in line with the rest of her books. A lovely slice of life of a family and events that one is allowed to peek into.
I usually do not read Fantasy as a genre. I was enticed to this book, in full disclosure, as a family member is one of the authors whose work is featured in this book.
I read all sixteen works and was surprised at the breadth that Fantasy encompasses. From the "The Killing Fields" by Sarah KL Wilson where an Empress with a real attitude holds much power to the "The Eresutna" by Nicholas Kotar where monks and would be monks confront a creature intent on punishing those who break vows to the "Forces of Magic: TheTesting Book 0.5" by Shawn Robert Smith in which coming of age young men and women discover if they have magical gifts, even those magical gifts which are neither desirable nor welcome to "Flight of Flame" by Cameron Wayne Smith in which two sworn enemies find a way, albeit through dire straits, in which they can co-exist.
I was happy to find that Little Golden Book had introductory books about both George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. I picked these up for my grandchildren to read when they are at my house.
While my granddaughter is too young (at 2) to sit through the entire reading, my grandson (who is 4) enjoyed hearing the story. Both children liked the illustrations.
There are also some interesting facts listed in the back of the book. All together, I find it a great introductory book about the first President of the United States.


text:
<?php namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Tip extends Model
{

     protected $table = 'tips';
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Publisher - magazine for architects and related professionals
A+Dwire
Design Source Guide
Exhibitions + Installations
Participating buildings sought for 20th edition of Doors Open Toronto
By Canadian Architect On Dec 28, 2018
Taking place on May 25-26 2019, the 20th annual Doors Open Toronto — presented by Great Gulf in partnership with the City of Toronto — provides an opportunity to see inside some of Toronto's most architecturally, historically, culturally and socially significant buildings across the city.
Doors Open Toronto returns in May. Photo by Dan Newman via Unsplash.
Developed as a millennium project in 2000, Doors Open Toronto has attracted more than 2 million visitors since its inception. People of all ages and backgrounds have had the opportunity to learn about Toronto's history, become involved, and celebrate Toronto's built heritage for free!
Toronto was the first North American city to offer a Doors Open program, and has inspired similar events across the continent. Many participants organize guided tours, exhibits, displays and activities to enrich the visitor experience.
If you'd like your building to be part of Doors Open Toronto, please review the building criteria outlined below and submit a Building Consideration Form by January 17, 2019.
Preference will be given to buildings that meet the following criteria:
Buildings that are not usually open to the public or have areas not usually open to the public, but have some significant architectural features and/or have historical, social, as well as cultural significance to the city.
Buildings that are open to the public, but have some significant architectural features and/or have historical, social, as well as cultural significance to the city. (ex: churches, banquet halls, theatres)
Buildings that can commit to opening their doors for TWO full days, 10 am to 5 pm
Buildings that are celebrating significant anniversaries
Buildings recognized by heritage, urban design and/or architectural awards
Buildings with significant original interior features and/or successful adaptive reuse features
Buildings that feature contemporary design excellence and/or innovative green/sustainable/LEED elements
Buildings in destination clusters (several venues in one area)
Buildings representing the cultural diversity of Toronto
More information about the 20th edition of Doors Open Toronto is available via the city's website, linked here.
eventsToronto
UBC students want to build and study effectiveness of 'tree canopy' bus shelters
Jean Dumontier, architect and artist of Montreal subway stations, dies
Architects + Architecture
Submission Tips for the 2020 Canadian Architect Awards
Diamond Schmitt Architects announces new Vancouver principal
Adele Weder wins Italian journalism award
Active House Symposium Makes North American Debut In Toronto
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Canadian Architect and canadianarchitect.com is a production of iQ Business Media Inc. The contents of this Publication and Website are protected by copyright and may be used only for your personal non-commercial purposes. All other rights are reserved and commercial uses including publication, broadcast or redistribution in any medium are prohibited. Permission to copy must be sought from the copyright owner, being either iQ Business Media Inc. or its suppliers. For further information, contact: Canadian Architect at Tel: 416-441-2085 ext. 101 or Email: [email protected]
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Amir's Grill is a small grill and restaurant in Morningside Heights that serves Middle Eastern and Vegetarian dishes. It is a single-page, non-traditional website that utilizes illustrations to convey a friendly and fun style. Instead of standard navigation, an illustration stays fixed at the top with the main links, that cause the page to scroll.
It's nice to have the comfort, as a business owner, that TVI has a knowledgeable team that can effectively complete any project or task at hand in a timely manner. In our last project for Amir's Grill delays were on our end. The team at TVI was courteous in approaching me and my manager to get the ball rolling and keep up. The services provided by TVI were instrumental in growing my business. The creativity with our menu and web design have generated curiosity from our customers. TVI exceeded my expectations and all this was done at a very reasonable price… The team knew exactly what I was looking for and was quick to make suggestions and steer me in the right direction.


text:
You are here: Home / News / Colonial Williamsburg Grand Illumination 2017 FAQ
Colonial Williamsburg Grand Illumination 2017 FAQ
December 3, 2017 By mrwilliamsburg
What time do the fireworks start? What time should I arrive?
The fireworks begin at 7:00 p.m., but it's best to arrive early. Explore activities you can enjoy before the fireworks here.
Where is the best place to watch the fireworks?
There's no right answer. Displays will fire simultaneously at the Governor's Palace, the Magazine, and the Capitol. The most popular spot is Palace Green with the beautiful backdrop of the Governor's Palace. Market Square is centrally located and you will be able to see the fireworks going off in all directions. The North side of the Capitol is a lesser known and less-crowded spot where the hillside creates a small natural amphitheater. On the South side of the Capitol there will be a handicap accessible area for viewing of
fireworks.
Note: the fireworks do not go up as high in the air as our Independence Day fireworks, so tall trees and
buildings may block your view.
Parking will be at a premium downtown all day. We recommend parking at the Colonial Williamsburg Regional Visitor Center and using the free shuttle to the Historic Area. Handicap parking will be available in the Tavern parking lot across from the Capitol on Francis Street. You will need to show your placard to gain entry.
What time do the shuttles run?
Shuttle buses will run on a 30-minute schedule from 9:00 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. with express service from the
Visitor Center to the Palace Stop from 5:30 – 6:30 p.m.
Please note: there will be no shuttle service from 6:30 – 9:30 p.m. All bus service stops at 6:30 p.m. At 9:30
p.m., the shuttles will resume regular service to all stops until 10:00 p.m.
Where is the closest restroom?
In addition to regular restrooms listed on the maps and in the Colonial Williamsburg Explorer app, there will
be portable units located at several locations throughout the Historic Area:
Palace Green area (3): Across from the St. George Tucker House behind Roscoe Cole Stable; in the orchard
next to the McKenzie Apothecary; and on Duke of Gloucester Street near Lumber House Ticket Office
Capitol Area\Goal area (4): Blair Street across from Capitol near Francis Street; behind the garage across the
street from Coke Garrett; Nicholson Street, near Booker Tenement; and the corner of Nicholson and
Market Square area (2): Corner of Queen & Nicholson Street; Queen Street, near Up and Down Cottage
Merchant Square area (1): On the south side of Duke of Gloucester Street near the Henry Street bus stop
Where can I get a warm drink/snack?
Throughout the Historic Area, there will be refreshment stands offering warm (and cold) drinks and snacks.
There will be two food truck locations – on Nicholson Street near the Randolph House and on Blair Street
across from the Gunsmith Shop. The Mackenzie Apothecary, Dubois Grocer, Raleigh Tavern Bakery,
Chowning's Tavern Garden will be open. Mr. Shield's Garden will also be open beginning at 4:00 p.m.
What else is happening on the day of Grand Illumination?
A variety of music will celebrate the Christmas season throughout the Historic Area, beginning at 4:00 p.m.
At the Restoration Stage on Palace Green, hear the big band sounds of Truetone Honeys & 504 Supreme,
celebrating the beginnings of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation through the music of the 1930s and '40s.
At the North Stage on the field between the Capitol Building and Gaol, you'll hear the rich heritage of
southern Appalachian song performed by William & Mary's Appalachian Music Ensemble with sets at 4:00,
5:00, and 6:00 p.m.
At the Scholars Stage on Market Square, a cappella Christmas favorites will be performed by William &
Mary' Gentlemen of the College at 4:00 p.m. The Botetourt Chamber Singers will follow at 5:30 and 6:15 p.m.
The Gentlemen of the College will also be found on Duke of Gloucester Street at the newly-reconstructed
Raleigh Tavern Porch, starting at 5:30 p.m.
On an Ox Wagon on Duke of Gloucester Street, Colonial Williamsburg's Jubilee Performers are
celebrating Grand Illumination with African-American songs of the spirit throughout the evening.
Please note: Musicians and performers will not rotate between stages.
Will the Colonial Williamsburg Fifes & Drums perform?
Yes. Our Fife & Drum Corps will play a special concert near Capitol Circle beginning at 4:30 p.m., and at a
special ceremony at the Raleigh Tavern at 5:00 p.m. This new ceremony will celebrate the origins of Grand
Illumination as the Raleigh Tavern is lit window by window, candle by candle.
The Fifes & Drums' Junior and Senior Corps will also be performing on Palace Green, Market Square, and
on the north and south sides of the Capitol at 6:40 p.m., with concerts of colonial favorites as everyone gets
ready for the spectacular main event.
The fireworks will be followed by a procession of Fifes & Drums on Duke of Gloucester Street as Grand
Illumination comes to a close.
Is there special seating for seniors?
No, there is not special seating for seniors. However, lawn and folding chairs are welcome.
Please note that the following items are not permitted on Colonial Williamsburg Property:
 Beach umbrellas
 Tents
 Drones
Filed Under: News Tagged With: grand illumination


The case against Pune-based stud farm owner Hasan Ali, who allegedly evaded taxes to the tune of Rs 74,000 crore, may be crumbling. A sessions court on Monday stayed Ali's trial, which was pending before a magistrate's court.
The stayed came after Ali moved the court against the magistrate court's order to frame charges against him. Ali's primary contention was that ever since the Income Tax department filed seven separate complaints for tax evasion, he has not been provided with, or allowed to inspect, any original documents on the basis of which the cases were filed.
In his petition, Ali said he had moved an application asking the magistrate court to direct the I-T department to provide the original papers. He alleged that though the magistrate court had in August 2014 asked the department to produce the original papers in 15 days, it had failed to do so.
Ali said that though he had not been given the original papers, the magistrate court had passed an order to frame charges against him, and to begin the trial in April.
Ali has also said that as there were no original documents on record, he ought to have been discharged. He alleged that the trial court failed to properly interpret a provision regarding the 'willful non-filing of I-T returns'.
"After hearing the preliminary contentions, the sessions court has admitted the revision petition filed by Ali against the Income-Tax department and stayed the trial against Ali till further orders," said his lawyer, Ranjeet Sangle. "Ali was made a scapegoat and the truth will be revealed soon," he added.
The Income Tax department had conducted a raid against Ali in January 2007. Their searched revealed that Ali had obtained a Permanent Account Number (PAN) only in 2005, and had not paid tax from 2001 to 2007.
After an investigation, the I-T department said Ali owed it Rs 70,000 crores in taxes, a figure which was later revised to Rs 74,000 crore. It filed seven complaints – one for each year he allegedly evaded tax – before the magistrate court in 2009.


Do you remember Gamu Nhengu who got dismissed from X Factor 2012? Her dismissal caused so much controversy and as if that wasn't enough, the girl's family were hit with deportation after the Home Office refused to renew their visa application.
Well I'm glad to say she's back! Yes they won their immigration battle…yippiee!!
Her new single (Shake the Room) is out on iTunes and I'm loving the jazzy, groovy song. She's working it in the video and gal still got it.


text:
Q: Basic multisocket program I am trying to implement a multisocket program (both client and server). After a little googling, I found that a good idea to do it is to implement Runnable. Now I suppose that each thread I create and use .start() is a different client (correct me if I'm wrong).
What I find difficult is to understand 2 things:
-Which is the exact line that accepts data? I guess it's not the Server.accept() method since this method is used to initiate a connection with the specific client (by making a new thread as mentioned before).
-How can I accept more than 1 packet (let's say it's a string)?

A: A little correction, every new thread you create and start with start() will be a new server thread handling a new client.

Which is the exact line that accepts data?

To accept data from client, you'll have to wrap the client's input stream into some input stream and then call the input stream's respective read function.
void readx(Socket con)
{
    String line=new String();
    BufferedReader bin=  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream());
    while((line = bin.readLine()) != null) //Read new lines coming from the server
        System.out.println(line);
}

This is just an example, you can have other InputStream wrappers like DataInputStream and their respective read functions.

How can I accept more than 1 packet (let's say it's a string)?

The above snippet will continuously accept data from client(can be any number of lines) till the client sends an End of Stream character.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


StudioJake had the awesome privilege of interviewing Hollywood superstar Robert Davi. His movie career spans decades, playing in franchises like Die Hard, The Expendables, and James Bond to hilarious comedies like An American Carol.
He talks about the upcoming documentary 'Davi's Way' covering his singing tour, 'Davi Sings Sinatra.' We also talk about his upcoming films Deported and Your Move, an action thriller featuring fellow actor Luke Goss. He also reminisces about his time as a Bond villain in the Timothy Dalton 007 movie License To Kill.
When it comes to his support for President Donald Trump, Davi is unafraid and unashamed. He calls out other center-right celebrities, encouraging them to stand up for their values as well. He explains why he thinks Trump is perfectly qualified to be commander-in-chief and why he has his back.
Be sure to like and share this article. Don't forget to subscribe for more interviews!
Head over to YouTube to subscribe to my channel where you can watch my vlog and free web show StudioJake. As a bonus, check out my interview with my all star guest Ezra Celeste star in a SJW satire skit.
Shane West Defends His Bane Costume. Bad Move.


text:
'use strict'

var createCustomError = require('custom-error-generator')

/**
 * Toggl API error
 *
 * @class APIError
 */
exports.APIError = createCustomError('APIError', null, function(code, errors) {
  /**
   * HTTP status code
   */
  this.code = code

  if (Array.isArray(errors)) {
    this.message = errors[0]
    this.errors = errors
  }
  else {
    this.message = 'Unknown API error'
    this.data = errors
  }
})

/**
 * Reports API error
 *
 * @class ReportError
 */
exports.ReportError = createCustomError('ReportError', null, function(error, code, data) {
  if (typeof error === 'object') {
    this.message = error.message
    this.code = error.code
    this.tip = error.tip
  }
  else {
    this.message = error
    this.code = arguments[1]
    this.data = arguments[2]
  }
})

/**
 * Validation error
 *
 * @class ValidateError
 */
exports.ValidateError = createCustomError('ValidateError', null, function(message, spec, value) {
  this.message = message

  if (arguments.length > 1) {
    this.spec = spec
  }

  if (arguments.length > 2) {
    this.value = value
  }
})


Let us solve your email marketing problem.
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Most agencies have no problem sending you a bill every time they send an email to your customers, but Flint Analytics focuses on maximizing your earnings from email marketing.
Automated email campaigns that are targeted to where your customers are in the buying cycle and integrated with your own customer databases run by an experienced email marketing agency.
Email campaigns that are profitable are mathematically simple. You need to bring in more revenue than you're spending creating your campaigns. With our experience as an email marketing agency, we help with both sides of that equation – bringing in revenue and reducing email costs.
By building automated email ("drip") campaigns that integrate with your CMS or company data you can send emails built on your audience's purchasing or online behavior to reach them at each step of the funnel. By interacting with their behavior and reaching out to them at multiple touchpoints, you're building a relationship with them that leads to increased revenue.
And since your emails are automated, we only create them once and they send on their own. No need to create, build a list, and send unique emails all the time. This saves you not only time, but also money.
We will help you build out connections between your CRM or internal customer data and your email system. That way you can send emails based on triggers such as purchases, abandoned carts, appointments, etc.
If you don't already have a sales funnel, we'll help you create one so you can send the right kind of emails to prospects at different points in the buying cycle.
We'll create lists, design, write, send, and optimize your email drip campaigns. Emails can range from welcome emails, reminder emails, sales emails, monthly newsletters, and more.


text:
Q: Cómo validar un CUIT por REGEX La expresión regular que sirve para validar CUITs argentinos es la siguiente:
/^([0-9]{11}|[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{8}-[0-9]{1})$/g

Esa sólo verifica cantidad de caracteres, se puede complicar más obviamente, por ej:
/^(20|23|27|30|33)([0-9]{9}|-[0-9]{8}-[0-9]{1})$/g

Validando también el inicio en 20, 23, 27, 30, 33. Acá va un ejemplo de como usarlo en TypeScript:
isCuitValid(cuit: string): boolean {
    const regexCuit = /^(20|23|27|30|33)([0-9]{9}|-[0-9]{8}-[0-9]{1})$/g;
    return regexCuit.test(cuit);
}

A: Dejo un ejercicio completo. El CUIT debería tomarlo de la matriz de argumentos de entrada pero, por simplificar, lo añadí manualmente. Cambia el valor en la línea result = ValidamosCuit("30-68537634-9"); para probar con otros.
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace CuitValidation
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            bool result;
            result = ValidamosCuit("30-68537634-9");
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Validación Final: {0}", result));
            Console.Read();
        }

        public static bool ValidamosCuit(string cuit)
        {
            string cuitlimpio;
            bool isTmpValid = ValidaCuitRegex(cuit, out cuitlimpio);
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Validación Regex: {0}", isTmpValid));
            if (isTmpValid)
                isTmpValid = ValidaCuitDCr(cuitlimpio);
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Validación Dígito Control: {0}", isTmpValid));
            return isTmpValid;
        }

        private static bool ValidaCuitRegex(string cuit, out string cuitlimpio)
        {
            const string RegexPatternToExtractNumbers = @"\d+";
            const string RegexPatternCuit = @"^(20|2[3-7]|30|3[3-4])(\d{8})(\d)$";

            // limpiamos el cuit. Dejamos sólo números
            cuitlimpio = string.Empty;
            Regex rx = new Regex(RegexPatternToExtractNumbers, RegexOptions.Compiled);
            var matches = rx.Matches(cuit);
            foreach (Match match in matches)
            {
                cuitlimpio = string.Concat(cuitlimpio, match.Value);
            }

            // Analizamos el cuit limpio
            rx = new Regex(RegexPatternCuit, RegexOptions.Compiled);
            return (rx.Match(cuitlimpio).Success);
        }

        private static bool ValidaCuitDCr(string cuit)
        {
            const string verificacion = "5432765432";

            int dc = -1; //Cualquier valor no válido (para asegurar)
            int sumador = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < verificacion.Length; i++)
            {
                sumador += (int.Parse(cuit.Substring(i, 1))) * (int.Parse(verificacion.Substring(i, 1)));
            }

            // obtenemos el resto
            int resto = sumador % 11;
            // Lo restamos a 11
            int preResult = 11 - resto;
            switch (preResult)
            {
                // si el ressultado de preResult es == 11. El valor es 0
                case 11:
                    dc = 0;
                    break;
                // si preResult es igual a 10. El valor es 9
                case 10:
                    dc = 9;
                    break;
                // en todos los demas casos es el preResult
                default:
                    dc = preResult;
                    break;
            }
            return (dc == (int.Parse(cuit.Substring(10, 1))));
        }
    }
}

Lo que hace:

*

*Limpia el CUIT, dejando sólo números.

*Valida que el primer bloque se corresponda con los valores posibles (según https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_%C3%9Anica_de_Identificaci%C3%B3n_Tributaria)

*Valida que el último bloque (dígito de control) sea el correcto.

A: Se actualizo si no me equivoco.
Tipos:
20, 23, 24 y 27 para Personas Físicas
30, 33 y 34 para Empresas.
Tambien contiene funciones para cada lenguaje por un requicito que desconozco
"Procedimiento para obtener el dígito verificador"
"...En el siguiente ejemplo se toma como CUIT el número ##-12345678-X, donde ## es el tipo, 12345678 es el número de DNI o número de sociedad y X es el dígito verificador.
..."
wikipedia

A: Podes usar la librería https://github.com/pixelario/CUIT
Install-Package Pixelario.CUIT -Version 0.10.3

Instancias tipos de datos CUIT que tienen su método IsValid()
Ejemplo:
var cuit = CUIT.Parse(
    cuit: this.txtNumerodoc.Text);

if(cuit.IsValid())
{
   this.lbValidacion.Text="Es un digito valido";
}
else
{
    this.lbValidaction.Text="Es un digito invalido";
}


These people don't know where and when it comes to insurances, especially auto insurance agent if you know can know the very best company. More and more people are buying meet the cost of the policy at. ((Is there such a scenario, there were 52 deadly automobile wrecks in San Francisco is 30.7 minutes.) They will ask you vehicle insurance is very unfair. There are multiple companies with the same company for a long-standing good driving record; however, you may even opt for mortgage insurance. Take photos of the policy. They will come across a clause that states that there is not something a smaller car, with a simple way to determine your premium costs when your current insurance policy as a motorist. Likewise, if you are not willing to offer younger drivers who are unaware that by shopping for an existing auto insurer will not result in additional fines, towing or impounding of your insurance. Choosing a carrier, too little cheap auto insurance quotes in Detroit Michigan preference to the free auto insurance quotes in MI. It is easy if you have this new era of technology people are choosing less coverage or even better get a better deal. If your policy and if it got a flat on a lot of people don't see the differences you can make use of the fact that even if your car's make and model gets stolen or if you want to take coverage for all of the money you have an older model or is going to show it off your record for the repair of their website, each on-line insurance company are not using an online quote tools is helpful during the colder months, claims increase.
The average person has a great rate. It is very unlikely to be done by NHTSA, more than other industries, because the former encourage risky driving behaviors. When searching online it is now easier than ever to find out the highest discount. Also make sure you are completely unpredictable and when it comes to Arizona cheap auto insurance quotes policy premiums. More likely to increase premiums once a year.
If you are better that you do some research. Sooner or later at the model and year of the remaining loan balance that is of no accidents, moving violations and reckless driving. If you don't take out the high and dry when it comes to vehicle.
If you do not blame somebody, including yourself, when the driver's side.


text:
La dérive des objectifs (aussi appelée dérive du besoin) en gestion de projet fait référence aux changements incontrôlés dans le périmètre d'un projet. Ce phénomène apparaît généralement lorsque les objectifs d'un projet ne sont pas correctement définis, documentés ou contrôlés. La dérive des objectifs est généralement considérée comme négative et doit, en conséquence, être évitée.

Généralement, l'augmentation des objectifs se caractérise par l'ajout de nouveaux produits ou de nouvelles fonctionnalités sur un produit déjà défini, sans réajustement correspondant en termes de ressources, de planification ou de budget. En conséquence, l'équipe de projet peut s'éloigner de son but originel et travailler sur de nouveaux objectifs non planifiés. Plus les objectifs d'un projet grandissent, plus il y a de tâches à accomplir pour la même planification et le même budget prévu à l'origine pour un plus petit nombre de tâches. La dérive des objectifs peut donc conduire au dépassement du budget et de la planification originellement prévue.

Si la budgétisation et la planification sont réajustées en même temps que le périmètre du projet, les changements sont alors généralement considérés comme acceptables. Le terme de dérive des objectifs n'est alors pas employé.
La dérive des objectifs peut être causée par :
 Une tentative du client d'obtenir une plus-value gratuitement ;
 Un mauvais contrôle du changement ;
 Une mauvaise identification initiale des objectifs du projet ;
 Une mauvaise gestion de projet ;
 Une mauvaise communication entre les acteurs du projet.

La dérive des objectifs est considérée comme un risque dans la plupart des projets. La plupart des projets de grande envergure en sont victimes. La stratégie de plus-value gratuite d'un client est difficile à contrecarrer et représente une grande difficulté même pour le plus expérimenté des chefs de projets.

Voir aussi
Gestion de projet
Planification
Analyse fonctionnelle

Gestion de projet


It is now 18 months since I published the [Famous Speeches of the Haymarket Martyrs]. In that time I have traveled from Los Angeles, Wa Vancouver, B.C., to New York city, twice. I have devoted my entire energies to visiting Locals of the AF of L. From those Locals I have received most courteous treatment everywhere. I have credentials from some of the best known central bodies in this country, including the Central Federated Union of New York city. I am continually rapping at the doors of Locals, being admitted and selling the speeches. The result is that I have sold 10,000 copies and am just going to place my order with the printer for the sixth edition, making 12,000.
I regard these speeches as the greatest piece of propaganda literature extant; and when circulated among organized labor are bound to bear fruit.
The Haymarket meeting is referred to historically as "The Haymarket Anarchists' Riot." There was no riot at the Haymarket except a police riot. Mayor Harrison attended the Haymarket meeting, and took the stand at the anarchist trial for the defense, not for the state.
Our comrades were not murdered by the state because they had any connection with the bombthrowing, but because they were active in organizing the wage-slaves. The capitalist class didn't want to find the bombthrower; this class foolishly believed that by putting to death the active spirits of the labor movement of the time, it could frighten the working class back to slavery.
Roediger, Dave, and Franklin Rosemont, eds. Haymarket Scrapbook. Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co., Chicago, 1986.
The Voice of the People will yet be Heard -- Publication.


text:
Home / Posts tagged "Baphomet"
Haloed Goat Head Statue to be Installed at Michigan Capitol Before Christmas
A spokesperson says the statue celebrates Satansits being welcomed as equals in the public sphere. The event will mark yet another sparring between the nativity set installed by Senator Rick Jones...
The Satanic Temple and Netflix Reach Settlement in Lawsuit
Warner Bros. settles Satanic Temple's lawsuit regarding Netflix TV show The lawsuit was about a statue appearing on the Netflix TV show The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina. In the lawsuit,...
Satanists Have Taken Legal Action Against Netflix for Copyright Infringement
The Satanic Temple wants a prop to be removed from the show Chilling Adventures of Sabrina because of the representation on the show Chilling Adventures of Sabrina. TST has decided to take...
Satanists Raise Baphomet Statue in Little Rock, Arkansas
Christians and Republican lawmakers were not amused with the Baphomet Statue. , a bronze statue bearing a goat head perched over a winged body, in the Arkansas capital city of Little Rock. The Satanic...
The Satanic Temple Bringing Baphomet Statue to Protest in Arkansas
The Satanic Temple wants the bronze statue to be installed beside the Ten Commandments monolith. , the Arkansas capital city, as a mark of protest in its fight for religious freedom. If all goes as planned,...
Destruction of Arkansas Ten Commandments Monument Forces Satanic Temple to Postpone Lawsuit
Alison Lesley
The Satanic Temple is dropping charges, but vows to resume the lawsuit if the monument is installed again. https://youtu.be/5EvPYmNX_kw On June 28, a monument depicting the Ten Commandments was set up in Little...
The Satanic Temple Fights Arkansas' Attempt to Block Capitol Monument, Demands Public Hearing
WRN Editorial Staff
After Arkansas House passed a Bill to block Satanic monument request, Satanist organization issues legal demand for public hearing The Satanic Temple (TST), an organization which is offering a private...
Satanic Temple Statue is One Step Closer to Installation on AR Capitol Ground
Government cannot discriminate between religions, says Satanic Temple. A Capitol Arts and Grounds Commission subcommittee has formally granted its approval for a public hearing on the Satanic Temple's...
Satanic Temple Moves its Headquarters to Salem
The new headquarters will stand as an iconic structure in the city where people were once killed for having "ties with the devil." The Satanic Temple has announced the opening of its new international...
Satanic Temple Performs Its First Public Ceremony at Michigan State Capitol
The Satanic Temple held it's first state-sanctioned ceremony. The Michigan State Capitol has been the venue of numerous controversies because organizations and religious groups are free to book the capitol...


Please Find our new HOSA page by clicking the button below.
We will leave on a linlines bus at 1 pm form school Wednesday 3/27/19. Bring money for dinner, we will be stopping somewhere about half way to our destination.
Sunday estimated departure time 10 am to arrive back at the school about 7 pm-ish. We will also be stopping in the same area for a late lunch.
With the money you fund raised we will provide breakfast and dinner for the days at the hotel. You will still need to bring money for lunches (those are on your own) the first dinner, and last lunch. 5 meals on your your about $50.
RULES Always be with a partner!


The ACCC has accepted a court enforceable undertaking from Sensis Pty Ltd (Sensis) following an investigation into its automatic contract renewal and cancellation processes. The ACCC investigation followed a large number of complaints from small business customers of Sensis.
the customer may be charged a cancellation fee equal to the remaining cost of the contract if they cancelled an automatically renewed contract after a certain date.
The ACCC was also concerned that Sensis may not have adequately disclosed these automatic renewal and cancellation terms in certain communications to customers before and after contracts were entered into.
"Automatic renewal terms must be prominently disclosed, along with all the steps customers can take to cancel a contract and any cancellation fees that may apply. This is particularly important for small business customers," ACCC Deputy Chair Dr Michael Schaper said.
publish a corrective notice on its website.
During its investigation, the ACCC also raised concerns that certain clauses in Sensis' standard Product Contract Terms may be 'unfair' under the new business-to-business unfair contracts terms provisions in the Australian Consumer Law.
These included Sensis' automatic renewal terms and clauses giving Sensis broad discretion to cancel a customer's contract, including the ability to terminate a contract "without cause".
qualify Sensis' right to terminate a customer's contract to circumstances where Sensis is "acting reasonably" and in order to protect its legitimate interests.
"Ensuring that small businesses receive the protection of the new unfair contract terms laws is an enforcement priority for the ACCC." Dr Schaper said.
"Businesses which continue to use such terms in their standard form contracts with small businesses risk ACCC enforcement action, which may include court proceedings to have those terms declared unfair," Dr Schaper said.
Effective from 12 November 2016, the unfair contract terms provisions of the ACL were extended to cover standard form contracts involving small businesses.
In November 2016, the ACCC published a report about unfair terms in small business contracts following a review of small business contracts in range of industries including the advertising industry.


text:
Liber Largitorius : études d'histoire médiévale offertes à Pierre Toubert par ses élèves
Over half these thirty studies offered to Pierre Toubert relate to Italy; the remainder range as far as the antipodes. They deal with such diverse subjects as town and country, the governments of kings and bishops, war and religion, archaeology and...
Pierre GRINGORE
Œuvres polémiques : rédigées sous le règne de Louis XII
Librairie Droz | Textes Littéraires Français
This critical edition of the works written by Pierre Gringore in support of King Louis XII's political offensive in Italy (1499-1513) brings together for the first time in one volume eight polemical poems that endorse key policies of the French royal...
La Fortune : thèmes, représentations, discours
Librairie Droz | Recherches et Rencontres
Is she good or evil? Blind, deaf, or simply indifferent? Spinning the wheel of human destiny, Fate makes kings and paupers. From Antiquity to the Renaissance, art and philosophy have never ceased to question this power, divinity or allegory, and to...
Michelle SZKILNIK
Jean de Saintré : une carrière chevaleresque au XVe siècle
Librairie Droz | Publications Romanes et Françaises
Jehan de Saintré is a disconcerting romance, often described as a pastiche of Arthurian romance, presenting a nostalgic knight, a believer in outdated ideals. If, however, one compares Saintré's destiny to the destinies of heroes of chivalrous...
La Chanson de Roland
Nouvelle édition refondue
First published in Italy in 1971, Cesare Segre's critical edition of the Chanson de Roland was translated into French by Madeleine Tyssens in 1989, to the delight of French medievalist. This new edition contains the critical edition of the O version...
Progrès, réaction, décadence dans l'Occident médiéval
The word "progress" did not exist in the Middle Ages, and the concept itself was barely taking shape in Western thought. Now that the myth of Progress, which triumphed from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, is being challenged, it is all the...
Giovanni DONDI DALL'OROLOGIO
Tractatus Astrarii
Librairie Droz | Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance n° 371
The astrarium, a clock showing the movements of the seven planets, was one of the most extraordinary technical achievements of the Middle Ages. Although the clock itself has disappeared since the sixteenth century, there exists a detailed description...
DOUIN DE LAVESNE
Trubert : fabliau du XIIIe siècle
Manuscript 2188 of the Bibliothèque nationale de France is the sole record of a curious late thirteenth-century fabliau by the otherwise unknown Douin de Lavesne. By giving its ignorant and dishonest hero the blurred nature of a madman and by setting...
Le Devisement du monde
Tome II, Traversée de l'Afghanistan et entrée en Chine
Librairie Droz | Marco Polo: Le Devisement du monde
In this second tome of Le Devisement du monde, Marco Polo travels across the north of Afghanistan and crosses China following the route of the caravans. The cities that dot the Xinjang and Gansu provinces are the traditional stops of what would later ...
Pierre JODOGNE
Entre Italie et Pays-Bas méridionaux : Le "Libro de memoria" de la famille Cassina (1576-1650)
Academie Royale des Anciens Auteurs Belges | Les Anciens auteurs belges
The "Livre de mémoire" of the Cassina family relates the principal episodes in the family life over three generations living in Anverx, then Cologne, then Bruxelles, and finally in eastern Flanders. Between 1576 and 1650, the successive heads of this...