text:
Branded Environments
Cultural and Civic
Planning and Strategies
Sports, Recreation, and Entertainment
Living Design
Press Releases 09.14.2020
University of Minnesota Twin Cities shapes future of healthcare with opening of cutting-edge interprofessional health science facility
At 202,000 gross square feet, HSEC is one of the most comprehensive interprofessional education facilities in the country.
As printed in University of Minnesota news:
The innovative, interdisciplinary education that health science students at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities have enjoyed for years continues to advance on the cutting-edge with the opening of the first-of-its-kind Health Sciences Education Center (HSEC). As the hub for all the University's health professional schools, HSEC was designed and built to promote interprofessional education and interaction, as well as foster a culture that prioritizes student and faculty well-being.
HSEC is a unique addition to the U of M, already home to one of the most comprehensive health science centers in the nation. It's also an asset that will benefit all Minnesotans, since the U of M teaches 70% of the state's health professionals, including physicians, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, veterinarians and public health professionals.
"The new Health Sciences Education Center is much more than a building; it is a catalyst for change as we prepare the next generation of health care professionals," said Mark Rosenberg, MD, vice dean for education and academic affairs in the Medical School.
For Fall 2020, U of M Twin Cities health professional students will be the first to experience the building and programs that will shape the future of healthcare. To welcome health science students to HSEC, the Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Office of the Executive Vice President and Provost are hosting a Welcome Week, September 14-18, with treats, giveaways and prize drawings. As part of the University's efforts to mitigate its spread of COVID-19 on campus, physical distancing practices and facial coverings will be required at all events.
"We respond to changes of practice, but we also drive them," said Jakub Tolar, MD, PhD, vice president for clinical affairs. "By preparing ourselves and our students for the future, we will have a significant impact on our state, our communities, and our personal and professional growth, all of which are closely aligned with our responsibility as a land grant University. We will develop new collective values, a shared recognition of the importance of diversity, new strengths in problem-solving, and a system that rewards courage above conformity."
To meet the academic needs of today's health science students, HSEC is home to:
state-of-the-art classrooms, designed for interprofessional learning with active learning and small group teaching spaces;
the new home of the Center for Health Interprofessional Programs, which allows health professions students a space to connect, collaborate, network and develop;
innovation and learning support through the Health Sciences Library and Wangensteen Historical Library of Biology and Medicine, which includes a rare book collection, virtual and augmented reality, makerspace and more to support problem-based learning;
simulation and immersive training that allows health professional students to train in sophisticated, real-world care settings, trainer stations, briefing/debriefing rooms and actor prep areas, and;
student support and services.
Over the summer, HSEC was used in collaboration with the School of Public Health, Medical School and the Medical Reserve Corps to assist the Minnesota Department of Health in COVID-19 contact tracing. Also, M Simulation used HSEC spaces this summer to train incoming residents and students on personal protective equipment in clinical environments. These are just the earliest examples of the building's multipurpose usability and transformative potential for healthcare education.
"HSEC exemplifies the University's commitment to academic and educational excellence," said Executive Vice President and Provost Rachel Croson. "It will provide space for interprofessional education and relationship-building, and will serve as a place where formerly distinct components of knowledge can be connected into an interrelated whole. Interprofessional collaboration is the future of healthcare, and this space is further demonstration of how Minnesota is creating that future."
HSEC was funded by Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton's 2015 Blue Ribbon Commission and the Minnesota Legislature, along with private philanthropic support from generous donors. Minneapolis-based Perkins&Will and Connecticut-based SLAM designed HSEC and Kansas City-based JE Dunn served as the contractor.
At the root of what this building is all about, is to bring people from all health professions together under one roof and make them feel connected to each Health Sciences program inside and outside the classroom.
Active Learning Cabaret: This multi-level classroom supports small and large group collaborative learning. Configured to promote innovations in learning, we can only imagine how it will be used in the future.
Medical and Health Sciences Education
Heidi Costello


text:
package com.aspectran.core.context.rule;

import com.aspectran.core.activity.Activity;
import com.aspectran.core.context.expr.TokenEvaluation;
import com.aspectran.core.context.expr.TokenEvaluator;
import com.aspectran.core.context.expr.token.Token;
import com.aspectran.core.context.expr.token.TokenParser;
import com.aspectran.core.context.rule.ability.Replicable;
import com.aspectran.core.context.rule.type.TextStyleType;
import com.aspectran.core.util.ToStringBuilder;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 *
Created: 2019/12/17

 */
public class DescriptionRule implements Replicable<DescriptionRule> {

    private String profile;

    private TextStyleType contentStyle;

    private String content;

    private String formattedContent;

    private List<DescriptionRule> candidates;

    public DescriptionRule() {
    }

    public DescriptionRule(DescriptionRule dr) {
        if (dr != null) {
            setProfile(dr.getProfile());
            setContentStyle(dr.getContentStyle());
            setContent(dr.getContent());
            setFormattedContent(dr.getFormattedContent());
            setCandidates(dr.getCandidates());
        }
    }

    public String getProfile() {
        return profile;
    }

    public void setProfile(String profile) {
        this.profile = profile;
    }

    public TextStyleType getContentStyle() {
        return contentStyle;
    }

    public void setContentStyle(TextStyleType contentStyle) {
        this.contentStyle = contentStyle;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getFormattedContent() {
        return (formattedContent != null ? formattedContent : content);
    }

    public void setFormattedContent(String formattedContent) {
        this.formattedContent = formattedContent;
    }

    public List<DescriptionRule> getCandidates() {
        return candidates;
    }

    public void setCandidates(List<DescriptionRule> candidates) {
        this.candidates = candidates;
    }

    public List<DescriptionRule> addCandidate(DescriptionRule descriptionRule) {
        if (candidates == null) {
            candidates = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        candidates.add(descriptionRule);
        return candidates;
    }

    @Override
    public DescriptionRule replicate() {
        DescriptionRule dr = new DescriptionRule();
        dr.setProfile(profile);
        dr.setContentStyle(contentStyle);
        dr.setContent(content);
        return dr;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        ToStringBuilder tsb = new ToStringBuilder();
        tsb.append("profile", profile);
        tsb.append("style", contentStyle);
        tsb.append("content", content);
        return tsb.toString();
    }

    public static String render(DescriptionRule descriptionRule, Activity activity) {
        String content = descriptionRule.getFormattedContent();
        if (content == null || activity == null) {
            return content;
        }

        Token[] contentTokens = TokenParser.makeTokens(content, true);
        for (Token token : contentTokens) {
            Token.resolveAlternativeValue(token, activity.getApplicationAdapter().getClassLoader());
        }
        TokenEvaluator evaluator = new TokenEvaluation(activity);
        return evaluator.evaluateAsString(contentTokens);
    }

    public static DescriptionRule newInstance(String profile, String style)
            throws IllegalRuleException {
        TextStyleType contentStyle = TextStyleType.resolve(style);
        if (style != null && contentStyle == null) {
            throw new IllegalRuleException("No text style type for '" + style + "'");
        }

        DescriptionRule descriptionRule = new DescriptionRule();
        descriptionRule.setContentStyle(contentStyle);
        if (profile != null && !profile.isEmpty()) {
            descriptionRule.setProfile(profile);
        }
        return descriptionRule;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The experienced team of dentists at this state-of-the-art clinic pride themselves in providing a high-quality dental care and aim to educate their patients about the oral hygiene and importance of preventive care. Customers based in Eastcote, Uxbridge, Pinner and surroundings can choose from an array of orthodontic and restorative services including aligners, braces, teeth whitening and dental implants.
Very friendly professional service.went for teeth whitening and they took an imprint of my teeth after an initial check up, took about 20 minutes. Went back a week later to collect the trays and was supplied with a months worth of whitening gel. It's a great deal.
First time using Eastcote Dentist services and saw the Groupon offer on teeth whitening so decided to try it. On the day of appointment, I was kept waiting for 20-25 minutes after my appointment time and there was already someone waiting before me. I wouldn't have minded if some explanation was given, even if to apologise they are running late. I say this as many Dental practices are quite keen to charge customers if arriving even 10 minutes late for appointments. However I did not note any policy stating this at this practice. They do have a 24 hour minimum cancellation notice period, which is fair enough. The actual service itself was fine, given it was my first time, everything was well explained and the staff generally are friendly and helpful. Happy to recommend.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Eastcote Dentist.


Connect the 1131 to the HUB0000 with the Phidget cable.
Now that you have everything together, let's start using the 1131!
In order to demonstrate the functionality of the 1131, we will connect it to the HUB0000, and then run an example using the Phidget Control Panel on a Windows machine.
Linux users can follow the getting started with Linux guide and continue reading here for more information about the 1131.
Select the 1131 from the Sensor Type drop-down menu. The example will now convert the voltage into force (grams) automatically. Converting the voltage to force (grams) is not specific to this example, it is handled by the Phidget libraries, with functions you have access to when you begin developing!
The 1131 can handle applied forces of up to 2kg.
To ensure the most accuracy, a small disc (included) can be placed directly on the sensing pad before applying force to the disc. This will ensure that all the force is applied directly to the sensing pad and not to the surrounding surface. The longer the object rests on the sensing pad, the more the voltage will drift and increase slowly in value. It is very difficult to compensate for the drift since different constant forces will produce different drift rates. For this reason, the average accuracy of this sensor is within 10% of the true value. The formula above was determined after the object with a known mass was resting on the sensing pad for 15 seconds. The general drift rate curve is logarithmic with time.
Provide a consistent force distribution. FSR response is very sensitive to the distribution of the applied force. In general, this precludes the use of dead weights for characterization since exact duplication of the weight distribution is rarely repeatable cycle-to-cycle. A consistent weight (force) distribution is more difficult to achieve than merely obtaining a consistent total applied weight (force). As long as the distribution is the same cycle-to-cycle, then repeatability will be maintained. The use of a thin elastomer between the applied force and the FSR can help absorb error from inconsistent force distributions.
matched to the final use conditions. The greater the cycle-to-cycle consistency of these parameters, the greater the device repeatability. In human interface applications where a finger is the mode of actuation, perfect control of these parameters is not generally possible. However, human force sensing is somewhat inaccurate; it is rarely sensitive enough to detect differences of less than ± 50%.
Keep actuation cycle time consistent. Because of the time dependence of the FSR resistance to an applied force, it is important when characterizing the sensor system to assure that increasing loads (e.g. force ramps) are applied at consistent rates (cycle-to-cycle). Likewise, static force measurements must take into account FSR mechanical setting time. This time is dependent on the mechanics of actuation and the amount of force applied and is usually on the order of seconds.
When a repeatable and reproducible system has been established, data from a group of FSR parts can be collected. Test several FSR parts in the system. Record the output voltage at various pre-selected force points throughout the range of interest. Once a family of curves is obtained, a nominal force vs. output voltage curve and the total force accuracy of the system can be determined.
For applications requiring the highest obtainable force accuracy, part calibration will be necessary. Two methods can be utilized: gain and offset trimming, and curve fitting.
Gain and offset trimming can be used as a simple method of calibration. The reference voltage and feedback resistor of the current-to-voltage converter are adjusted for each FSR to pull their responses closer to the nominal curve.
Curve fitting is the most complete calibration method. A parametric curve fit is done for the nominal curve of a set of FSR devices, and the resultant equation is stored for future use. Fit parameters are then established for each individual FSR (or sending element in an array) in the set. These parameters, along with the measured sensor resistance (or voltage), are inserted into the equation to obtain the force reading. If needed, temperature compensation can also be included in the equation.
Do, if possible, use a firm, flat and smooth mounting surface.
Do be careful if applying FSR devices to curved surfaces. Pre-loading of the device can occur as the two opposed layers are forced into contact by the bending tension. The device will still function, but the dynamic range may be reduced and resistance drift could occur. The degree of curvature over which an FSR can be bent is a function of the size of the active area. The smaller the active area, the less effect a given curvature will have on the FSR's response.
Do avoid air bubbles and contamination when laminating the FSR to any surface. Use only thin, uniform adhesives, such as Scotch® brand double-sided laminating adhesives. Cover the entire surface of the sensor.
Do be careful of kinks or dents in active areas. They can cause false triggering of the sensors.
Do protect the device from sharp objects. Use an overlay, such as a polycarbonate film or an elastomer, to prevent gouging of the FSR device.
Do use soft rubber or a spring as part of the actuator in designs requiring some travel.
Do not kink or crease the tail of the FSR device if you are bending it; this can cause breaks in the printed silver traces. The smallest suggested bend radius for the tails of evaluation parts is about 0.1" [2.5 mm]. In custom sensor designs, tails have been made that bend over radii of 0.03" (0.8 mm]. Also, be careful if bending the tail near the active area. This can cause stress on the active area and may result in pre-loading and false readings.
Do not block the vent. FSR devices typically have an air vent that runs from the open active area down the length of the tail and out to the atmosphere. This vent assures pressure equilibrium with the environment, as well as allowing even loading and unloading of the device. Blocking this vent could cause FSRs to respond to any actuation in a non-repeatable manner. Also note, that if the device is to be used in a pressure chamber, the vented end will need to be kept vented to the outside of the chamber. This allows for the measurement of the differential pressure.
Do not solder directly to the exposed silver traces. With flexible substrates, the solder joint will not hold and the substrate can easily melt and distort during the soldering. Use Interlink Electronics' standard connection techniques, such as solderable tabs, housed female contacts, Z-axis conductive tapes, or ZIF (zero insertion force) style connectors.
Do not use cyanoacrylate adhesives (e.g. Krazy Glue®) and solder flux removing agents. These degrade the substrate and can lead to cracking.
Do not apply excessive shear force. This can cause delamination of the layers.
This page was last modified on 28 November 2018, at 19:54.


Construction is widely thought of as the main industry to be affected by exposure to asbestos. The substance was widely used in the building of residential and commercial properties during the 1960s onwards, until its ban in the UK in 1999. But the vehicle industry has also seen numerous incidences of asbestos-related disease among its workers.
One such case is that of former motor mechanic, David Ward, who was diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma in 2014. This is a particularly aggressive form of lung cancer, attributed to asbestos exposure.
Mr Ward's employment in a factory that used asbestos during the 1960s could have been the sole cause of the disease, but having also worked as a motor mechanic for much of the rest of his working life, the dangers he was exposed to were significantly magnified.
How was asbestos used in the vehicle industry?
Asbestos generated the friction needed in brake linings and other car parts including gaskets and clutches. Its insulating qualities and ability to prevent the transfer of heat also made it an ideal material for vehicle manufacture during the 1960s and 1970s, but the dangers then remained either hidden or unknown.
Mechanics working with these vehicle parts would have been regularly exposed to asbestos, with one particularly dangerous practice in automotive workshops being to force dust out of the brake drums with an air hose.
This would have contaminated the air on a consistent basis, potentially setting up fatal diseases in those who worked there and were forced to inhale the dust. The sanding down of brake linings was another source of danger for mechanics, releasing more dust and fibres from the asbestos within.
One of the problems when dust and fibres are released is that they linger in the air for several hours. The use of an air line to eject dust from the brake drums also disperses the dust around the room or building, potentially endangering other members of staff. Workers' clothing will also become contaminated, which puts their family at risk on their return home.
Does asbestos still pose a danger in the industry?
The use of asbestos was prohibited in the UK in 1999, and no longer poses a problem in relation to cars manufactured from 2000 onwards. The dangers remain in older vehicles, however, with many classic cars potentially retaining parts that contain asbestos.
This is one of the reasons why asbestos awareness training is so important for any worker who could encounter the substance during their normal line of work. It helps them to identify asbestos-containing materials, and to understand why precautions must be taken to protect themselves and others.
Owners of classic cars undertaking repairs themselves can also be at significant risk of exposure to asbestos, especially as they generally do not use the professional tools available in a workshop.
Cars imported from abroad may pose a problem in relation to asbestos use, particularly if there is no indication of where their parts were sourced. This caused a significant problem in 2012, when cars manufactured in China were imported into Australia. Customs officers are reported to have discovered parts containing asbestos, resulting in the recall of 23,000 cars.


Maseto teaches her fellow Maasai women to read and write. Many women are seizing the opportunity to learn reading and writing so that they can more effectively buy things and obtain other services at local shops. These shops are mostly owned and operated by non-Maasai.
Arkado and our community of Olbalbal on Palm Sunday. Green grass is a sign of reconciliation and peace for the Maasai and is much used in our services.
Arkado baptizes a young woman at our outstation of Lorlmunyi. His ability to get around on foot to some of our most difficult places has helped to significantly expand our work.
Arkado blessed two marriages in the mountains of Olbalbal. Here are pictured Mika, puts the ring on the finger of his bride.
The Maasai are very responsive to the Gospel message. Most Sundays there is a full house.
Musa has been with us for a year. He is recovering from months of starvation as an infant. We hope that he'll soon begin to walk.
My home here at Olbalbal is simple but fits us. There are rooms in the sprawling stone structure for Arkadiusz, Matayo, the catechist with his wife and two children, Naponu, a Maasai lady, who lives here with her five children and watches the place when I am away, and a room for me.
Just a few feet from my front porch is one the outlets that supply the Maasai of the area with water for drinking and cooking. Sometimes it is very noisy, but most of the time the gathering point provides opportunities for saying hello to people, "to eat the news" and pass the time of day.
Maasai use brand their cattle to remind all that these cattle have and owner and must be returned if lost or stolen. At Baptism, we are branded with the cross, signifying that the person is a follower of Jesus and belongs to Him.
Here I am teaching the gospel in a Maasai community. The whole community, elders, women and children come together as a family to listen to the gospel. When the time for Baptism arrives, the Maasai community becomes a Christian Maasai Community with all the richness of their language, music and traditions.
Out on the plains we have Mass and other meetings wherever people might gather. Here we are at the Christian Community of Olmisigio where there is not even a tree to set under for shade. Notice that my vestments are black, the color of the rain clouds, the source of all good things.
Two of my students. Narropil & Lememakua on their wedding day in July of 2010. Lememakua is a Financial Officer for Ngorongoro Conservation and Narropil is a Medical Clinical Officer presently persueing an advanced degree in counseling at Tumaini University.
Here Ned is baptizing a Maasai woman. Notice the cross traced on her forehead with chalk. I am baptizing her with water from a gourd sown with sacred cowry shells and stuffed with rich green grass, a sign of God's love and blessing for the new Christian.
Young nurses, recently graduated and placed in hospitals throughout Northern Maasai country, come to visit the mission. We helped these young women in their struggles to get an education and to go on for nurses training. It was a long arduous trek to achieve their nursing diploma.
SPECIAL READING: Christ Before Literacy by Ralph J. Poirier, C.S.Sp.
Lememakwa: Ngakui, mikinjoo e Nkai ilarin kumok lekishon, tobiko naabik ildoinyo, inoto omo ti Ai o te Maasai. Injuro.
Barbara: I am late with the Happy Birthday, but Happy Birthday and many many more!
Lememakwa: Hongera Fr. Arkado (Oloodo), tunakutakia mafanikio huko Malambo.
© 2019 NedsMission.org – Olbalbal, Tanzania. All Rights Reserved.


I have found what I believe to be some suitable plain bearings, however the website targets industrials, so I sent a request for an estimate (and some advice, too), but have not heard from them yet. A good news is that all the bearings are fully open on the inside, just like a cylinder, so we can easily set our angle measurement, such as the EE-SX1131, an inexpensive optical sensor. This is a joyful news, for setting the sensor up was quite complicated, especially finding a way to protect it from water and dust.
I looked into some springs to provide the necessary torque to stabilize the foot-platform when it pivots, and have found a design that allows us to easily set them up. I will upload some sketches in a future edit.


text:
Gro Find Me
Find Probiotic Garden Produce
Posted on January 1, 2018 January 27, 2018 by gro_find_me
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, they are chemically distinct compounds that often coexist in the same foods. In general, dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific number or name of each vitamin: B1 = thiamine, B2 = riboflavin, B3 = niacin, etc. Some are better known by name than number: niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin and folate.
Each B vitamin is either a cofactor (generally a coenzyme) for key metabolic processes or is a precursor needed to make one.
1 List of B vitamins
2 Molecular functions
3 Deficiencies
4 Side effects
6 Discovery
7 Related compounds
List of B vitamins
B number
Thumbnail description
Vitamin B1 thiamine A coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars and amino acids.
Vitamin B2 riboflavin A precursor of cofactors called FAD and FMN, which are needed for flavoprotein enzyme reactions, including activation of other vitamins
Vitamin B3 niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide, nicotinamide riboside A precursor of coenzymes called NAD and NADP, which are needed in many metabolic processes.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid A precursor of coenzyme A and therefore needed to metabolize many molecules.
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine A coenzyme in many enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
Vitamin B7 biotin A coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, needed for synthesis of fatty acids and in gluconeogenesis.
Vitamin B9 folate A precursor needed to make, repair, and methylate DNA; a cofactor in various reactions; especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy.
Vitamin B12 various cobalamins; commonly cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin in vitamin supplements A coenzyme involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
Note: other substances once thought to be vitamins were given numbers in the B-vitamin numbering scheme, but were subsequently discovered to be either not essential for life or manufactured by the body, thus not meeting the two essential qualifiers for a vitamin. See section #Related compounds for numbers 4, 8, 10, 11, and others.
Molecular functions
Vitamin B1 thiamine Thiamine plays a central role in the release of energy from carbohydrates. It is involved in RNA and DNA production, as well as nerve function. Its active form is a coenzyme called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which takes part in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A in metabolism.[1]
Vitamin B2 riboflavin Riboflavin is involved in release of energy in the electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle, as well as the catabolism of fatty acids (beta oxidation).[2][unreliable medical source?]
Vitamin B3 niacin
Niacin is composed of two structures: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. There are two co-enzyme forms of niacin: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Both play an important role in energy transfer reactions in the metabolism of glucose, fat and alcohol.[3]
NAD carries hydrogens and their electrons during metabolic reactions, including the pathway from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. NADP is a coenzyme in lipid and nucleic acid synthesis.[4]
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid Pantothenic acid is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesterol,[5] phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine), and antibodies.[6]
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine The active form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) (depicted) serves as a cofactor in many enzyme reactions mainly in amino acid metabolism including biosynthesis of neurotransmitters.
Vitamin B7 biotin Biotin plays a key role in the metabolism of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. It is a critical co-enzyme of four carboxylases: acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from acetate; pyruvate CoA carboxylase, involved in gluconeogenesis; β-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase, involved in the metabolism of leucine; and propionyl CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the metabolism of energy, amino acids and cholesterol.[7]
Vitamin B9 folate Folate acts as a co-enzyme in the form of tetrahydrofolate (THF), which is involved in the transfer of single-carbon units in the metabolism of nucleic acids and amino acids. THF is involved in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, so is needed for normal cell division, especially during pregnancy and infancy, which are times of rapid growth. Folate also aids in erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells.[8]
Vitamin B12 cobalamin Vitamin B12 is involved in the cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is essential in the production of blood cells in bone marrow, and for nerve sheaths and proteins.[9] Vitamin B12 functions as a co-enzyme in intermediary metabolism for the methionine synthase reaction with methylcobalamin, and the methylmalonyl CoA mutase reaction with adenosylcobalamin.[10][failed verification]
See also: Vitamin deficiency § Water-soluble vitamins
Several named vitamin deficiency diseases may result from the lack of sufficient B vitamins. Deficiencies of other B vitamins result in symptoms that are not part of a named deficiency disease.
Deficiency effects
Vitamin B1 thiamine Deficiency causes beriberi. Symptoms of this disease of the nervous system include weight loss, emotional disturbances, Wernicke encephalopathy (impaired sensory perception), weakness and pain in the limbs, periods of irregular heartbeat, and edema (swelling of bodily tissues). Heart failure and death may occur in advanced cases. Chronic thiamin deficiency can also cause alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, an irreversible dementia characterized by amnesia and compensatory confabulation.
Vitamin B2 riboflavin Riboflavin deficiency can cause ariboflavinosis, which may result in cheilosis (cracks in the lips), high sensitivity to sunlight, angular cheilitis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), seborrheic dermatitis or pseudo-syphilis (particularly affecting the scrotum or labia majora and the mouth), pharyngitis (sore throat), hyperemia, and edema of the pharyngeal and oral mucosa.
Vitamin B3 niacin Deficiency, along with a deficiency of tryptophan causes pellagra. Symptoms include aggression, dermatitis, insomnia, weakness, mental confusion, and diarrhea. In advanced cases, pellagra may lead to dementia and death (the 3(+1) D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death).
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid Deficiency can result in acne and paresthesia, although it is uncommon.
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine Vitamin B6 deficiency causes seborrhoeic dermatitis-like eruptions, pink eye and neurological symptoms (e.g. epilepsy).
Vitamin B7 biotin Deficiency does not typically cause symptoms in adults but may lead to impaired growth and neurological disorders in infants. Multiple carboxylase deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism, can lead to biotin deficiency even when dietary biotin intake is normal.
Vitamin B9 folic acid Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, and elevated levels of homocysteine. Deficiency in pregnant women can lead to birth defects.
Vitamin B12 cobalamin Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, peripheral neuropathy, memory loss and other cognitive deficits. It is most likely to occur among elderly people, as absorption through the gut declines with age; the autoimmune disease pernicious anemia is another common cause. It can also cause symptoms of mania and psychosis. In rare extreme cases, paralysis can result.
Because water-soluble B vitamins are eliminated in the urine, taking large doses of certain B vitamins usually only produces transient side-effects (only exception is pyridoxine). General side effects may include restlessness, nausea and insomnia. These side-effects are almost always caused by dietary supplements and not foodstuffs.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Harmful effects
Vitamin B1 thiamine None[11] No known toxicity from oral intake. There are some reports of anaphylaxis caused by high-dose thiamin injections into the vein or muscle. However, the doses were greater than the quantity humans can physically absorb from oral intake.[11]
Vitamin B2 riboflavin None[12] No evidence of toxicity based on limited human and animal studies. The only evidence of adverse effects associated with riboflavin comes from in vitro studies showing the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) when riboflavin was exposed to intense visible and UV light.[12]
Vitamin B3 niacin U.S. UL = 35 mg as a dietary supplement[13] Intake of 3000 mg/day of nicotinamide and 1500 mg/day of nicotinic acid are associated with nausea, vomiting, and signs and symptoms of liver toxicity. Other effects may include glucose intolerance, and (reversible) ocular effects. Additionally, the nicotinic acid form may cause vasodilatory effects, also known as flushing, including redness of the skin, often accompanied by an itching, tingling, or mild burning sensation, which is also often accompanied by pruritus, headaches, and increased intracranial blood flow, and occasionally accompanied by pain.[13] Medical practitioners prescribe recommended doses up to 2000 mg per day of niacin in either immediate-release or slow-release formats, to lower plasma triglycerides and low-density lipiprotein cholesterol.[14]
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid None No toxicity known.
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine U.S. UL = 100 mg/day; EU UL = 25 mg/day See Vitamin B6 § Toxicity for more information.
Vitamin B7 biotin None No toxicity known.
Vitamin B9 folic acid 1 mg/day[15] Masks B12 deficiency, which can lead to permanent neurological damage.[15]
Vitamin B12 cobalamin None established[16] Skin and spinal lesions. Acne-like rash [causality is not conclusively established].[16][17]
B vitamins are found in highest abundance in meat. They are also found in small quantities in whole unprocessed carbohydrate based foods. Processed carbohydrates such as sugar and white flour tend to have lower B vitamin than their unprocessed counterparts. For this reason, it is required by law in many countries (including the United States) that the B vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid be added back to white flour after processing. This is sometimes called "Enriched Flour" on food labels. B vitamins are particularly concentrated in meat such as turkey, tuna and liver.[18] Good sources for B vitamins include legumes (pulses or beans), whole grains, potatoes, bananas, chili peppers, tempeh, nutritional yeast, brewer's yeast, and molasses. Although the yeast used to make beer results in beers being a source of B vitamins,[19] their bioavailability ranges from poor to negative as drinking ethanol inhibits absorption of thiamine (B1),[20][21] riboflavin (B2),[22] niacin (B3),[23] biotin (B7),[24] and folic acid (B9).[25][26] In addition, each of the preceding studies further emphasizes that elevated consumption of beer and other alcoholic beverages results in a net deficit of those B vitamins and the health risks associated with such deficiencies.
The B12 vitamin is not abundantly available from plant products,[27] making B12 deficiency a legitimate concern for vegans. Manufacturers of plant-based foods will sometimes report B12 content, leading to confusion about what sources yield B12. The confusion arises because the standard US Pharmacopeia (USP) method for measuring the B12 content does not measure the B12 directly. Instead, it measures a bacterial response to the food. Chemical variants of the B12 vitamin found in plant sources are active for bacteria, but cannot be used by the human body. This same phenomenon can cause significant over-reporting of B12 content in other types of foods as well.[28]
A popular way of increasing one's vitamin B intake is through the use of dietary supplements. B vitamins are commonly added to energy drinks, many of which have been marketed with large amounts of B vitamins[29] with claims that this will cause the consumer to "sail through your day without feeling jittery or tense."[29] Some nutritionists have been critical of these claims, pointing out for instance that while B vitamins do "help unlock the energy in foods," most Americans acquire the necessary amounts easily in their diets.[29]
Because they are soluble in water, excess B vitamins are generally readily excreted, although individual absorption, use and metabolism may vary..."[29] The elderly and athletes may need to supplement their intake of B12 and other B vitamins due to problems in absorption and increased needs for energy production.[medical citation needed] In cases of severe deficiency, B vitamins, especially B12, may also be delivered by injection to reverse deficiencies.[30][unreliable medical source?] Both type 1 and type 2 diabetics may also be advised to supplement thiamine based on high prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration and increased thiamine clearance associated with diabetes.[31] Also, Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency in early embryo development has been linked to neural tube defects. Thus, women planning to become pregnant are usually encouraged to increase daily dietary folic acid intake and/or take a supplement.[32]
Vitamin B1 thiamine Umetaro Suzuki discovered thiamine in 1910 but failed to gain publicity. Casimir Funk discovered thiamine in 1912.
Vitamin B2 riboflavin D.T. Smith and E.G. Hendrick discovered riboflavin in 1926. Max Tishler invented methods for synthesizing it.
Vitamin B3 niacin or nicotinic acid Conrad Elvehjem discovered niacin in 1937.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid Roger J. Williams discovered pantothenic acid in 1933.
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine Paul Gyorgy discovered vitamin B6 in 1934.
Vitamin B7 biotin Dean Burk was a codiscoverer of biotin.
Vitamin B9 folic acid Lucy Wills discovered folic acid in 1933.
Vitamin B12 various cobalamins; commonly cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin in vitamin supplements Various scientists over several decades developed our knowledge of vitamin B12.
Many of the following substances have been referred to as vitamins as they were once believed to be vitamins. They are no longer considered as such, and the numbers that were assigned to them now form the "gaps" in the true series of B-complex vitamins described above (e.g., there is no vitamin B4). Some of them, though not essential to humans, are essential in the diets of other organisms; others have no known nutritional value and may even be toxic under certain conditions.
Vitamin B4: can refer to the distinct chemicals choline, adenine, or carnitine.[33][34] Choline is synthesized by the human body, but not sufficiently to maintain good health, and is now considered an essential dietary nutrient.[35] Adenine is a nucleobase synthesized by the human body.[36] Carnitine is an essential dietary nutrient for certain worms, but not for humans.[37]
Vitamin B8: adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as adenylic acid.[38] Vitamin B8 may also refer to inositol.[39]
Vitamin B10: para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA or PABA), a chemical component of the folate molecule produced by plants and bacteria, and found in many foods.[40][41] It is best known as a UV-blocking sunscreen applied to the skin, and is sometimes taken orally for certain medical conditions.[40][42]
Vitamin B11: pteryl-hepta-glutamic acid (PHGA; chick growth factor). Vitamin Bc-conjugate was also found to be identical to PHGA.[citation needed]
Vitamin B13: orotic acid.[43]
Vitamin B14: cell proliferant, anti-anemia, rat growth factor, and antitumor pterin phosphate named by Earl R. Norris. Isolated from human urine at 0.33ppm (later in blood), but later abandoned by him as further evidence did not confirm this. He also claimed this was not xanthopterin.
Vitamin B15: pangamic acid,[43] also known as pangamate. Promoted in various forms as a dietary supplement and drug; considered unsafe and subject to seizure by the US Food and Drug Administration.[44]
Vitamin B16: dimethylglycine (DMG)[45] is synthesized by the human body from choline.
Vitamin B17: pseudoscientific name for the poisonous compound amygdalin, also known as the equally pseudoscientific name "nitrilosides" despite the fact that it is a single compound. Amygdalin can be found in various plants, but is most commonly extracted from apricot pits and other similar fruit kernels. Amygdalin is hydrolyzed by various intestinal enzymes to form, among other things, hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic to human beings when exposed to a high enough dosage. Some proponents claim that amygdalin is effective in cancer treatment and prevention, despite its toxicity and a severe lack of scientific evidence.[46]
Vitamin B20: L-carnitine.[45]
Vitamin Bf: carnitine.[38]
Vitamin Bm: myo-inositol, also called "mouse antialopaecia factor".[47]
Vitamin Bp: "antiperosis factor", which prevents perosis, a leg disorder, in chicks; can be replaced by choline and manganese salts.[37][38][48]
Vitamin BT: carnitine.[49][37]
Vitamin Bv: a type of B6 other than pyridoxine.
Vitamin BW: a type of biotin other than d-biotin.
Vitamin Bx: an alternative name for both pABA (see vitamin B10) and pantothenic acid.[37][42]
^ Fattal-Valevski, A (2011). "Thiamin (vitamin B1)". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 16 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1177/1533210110392941.
^ "Riboflavin". Alternative Medicine Review. 13 (4): 334–340. 2008. PMID 19152481.
^ Whitney, N; Rolfes, S; Crowe, T; Cameron-Smith D; Walsh, A (2011). Understanding Nutrition. Melbourne: Cengage Learning.
^ National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board, ed. (1998). "Chapter 6 - Niacin". Dietary Reference Intakes for Tjiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
^ University of Bristol (2002). "Pantothenic Acid". Retrieved 16 September 2012.
^ Gropper, S; Smith, J (2009). Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
^ University of Bristol (2012). "Biotin". Retrieved 17 September 2012.
^ National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board, ed. (1998). "Chapter 8 - Folate". Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
^ University of Bristol (2002). "Vitamin B12". Retrieved 16 September 2012.
^ DSM (2012). "Vitamin B12". Retrieved 16 September 2012.
^ a b National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board., ed. (1998). "Chapter 4 - Thiamin" (PDF). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. pp. 58–86. ISBN 978-0-309-06411-8. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ a b National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board., ed. (1998). "Chapter 5 - Riboflavin" (PDF). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. pp. 87–122. ISBN 978-0-309-06411-8. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ a b National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board., ed. (1998). "Chapter 6 - Niacin" (PDF). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. pp. 123–149. ISBN 978-0-309-06411-8. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ "Niaspan" (PDF). www.rxabbott.com.
^ a b National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board., ed. (1998). "Chapter 8 - Folate" (PDF). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. pp. 196–305. ISBN 978-0-309-06411-8. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^ a b National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board., ed. (1998). "Chapter 9 - Vitamin B12" (PDF). Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-309-06411-8. Archived from the original on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
^ Dupré, A; Albarel, N; Bonafe, JL; Christol, B; Lassere, J (1979). "Vitamin B-12 induced acnes". Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner. 24 (2): 210–1. PMID 157854.
^ Stipanuk, M.H. (2006). Biochemical, physiological, molecular aspects of human nutrition (2nd ed.). St Louis: Saunders Elsevier p.667
^ Winklera, C; B. Wirleitnera; K. Schroecksnadela; H. Schennachb; D. Fuchs (September 2005). "Beer down-regulates activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro". International Immunopharmacology. 6 (3): 390–395. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.09.002. PMID 16428074.
^ Hoyumpa Jr, AM (1980). "Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 33 (12): 2750–2761. doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.12.2750. PMID 6254354. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^ Leevy, Carroll M. (1982). "Thiamin deficiency and alcoholism". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 378 (Thiamin: Twenty Years of Progress): 316–326. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31206.x. PMID 7044226.
^ Pinto, J; Y P Huang; R S Rivlin (May 1987). "Mechanisms underlying the differential effects of ethanol on the bioavailability of riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 79 (5): 1343–1348. doi:10.1172/JCI112960. PMC 424383. PMID 3033022.
^ Spivak, JL; DL Jackson (June 1977). "Pellagra: an analysis of 18 patients and a review of the literature". The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. 140 (6): 295–309. PMID 864902.
^ Said, HM; A Sharifian; A Bagherzadeh; D Mock (1990). "Chronic ethanol feeding and acute ethanol exposure in vitro: effect on intestinal transport of biotin". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 52 (6): 1083–1086. doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.6.1083. PMID 2239786. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
^ Halsted, Charles (1990). Picciano, M.F.; Stokstad, E.L.R.; Gregory, J.F. (eds.). Intestinal absorption of dietary folates (in Folic acid metabolism in health and disease). Contemporary Issues in Clinical Nutrition (Usa). New York, New York: Wiley-Liss. pp. 23–45. ISBN 978-0-471-56744-8.
^ Watson, Ronald; Watzl, Bernhard, eds. (September 1992). Nutrition and alcohol. CRC Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-0-8493-7933-8.
^ Craig, Winston J (2009). "Health effects of vegan diets". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 89 (5): 1627S–1633S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736N. PMID 19279075.
^ Herbert, Victor (1 September 1998). "Vitamin B-12: Plant sources, requirements, and assay". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48 (3): 852–8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.3.852. PMID 3046314. Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
^ a b c d Chris Woolston (July 14, 2008). "B vitamins don't boost energy drinks' power". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
^ "Vitamin B injections mentioned".
^ Thornalley, P. J.; Babaei-Jadidi, R.; Al Ali, H.; Rabbani, N.; Antonysunil, A.; Larkin, J.; Ahmed, A.; Rayman, G.; Bodmer, C. W. (2007). "High prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration in diabetes linked to a marker of vascular disease". Diabetologia. 50 (10): 2164–70. doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0771-4. PMC 1998885. PMID 17676306.
^ Shaw, Gary M.; Schaffer, Donna; Velie, Ellen M.; Morland, Kimberly; Harris, John A. (1995). "Periconceptional Vitamin Use, Dietary Folate, and the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects". Epidemiology. 6 (3): 219–26. doi:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00005. PMID 7619926.
^ Navarra, Tova (1 January 2004). The Encyclopedia of Vitamins, Minerals, and Supplements. Infobase Publishing. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-4381-2103-1.
^ Roger L. Lundblad; Fiona Macdonald (30 July 2010). Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Fourth ed.). CRC Press. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-1-4200-0869-2.
^ Zeisel, SH; Da Costa, KA (2009). "Choline: An essential nutrient for public health". Nutrition Reviews. 67 (11): 615–23. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x. PMC 2782876. PMID 19906248.
^ Vera Reader (1930). "The assay of vitamin B4". Biochem. J. 24 (6): 1827–31. doi:10.1042/bj0241827. PMC 1254803. PMID 16744538.
^ a b c d Bender, David A. (29 January 2009). A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Oxford University Press. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-19-157975-2.
^ a b c Berdanier, Carolyn D.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Feldman, Elaine B. (24 August 2007). Handbook of Nutrition and Food (Second ed.). CRC Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-4200-0889-0.
^ "webmd.com VITAMIN B8 (INOSITOL) OVERVIEW INFORMATION".
^ a b "Vitamin B10 (Para–aminobenzoic acid (PABA)): uses, side effects, interactions and warnings". WebMD. WebMD, LLC. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ Capozzi, Vittorio; Russo, Pasquale; Dueñas, María Teresa; López, Paloma; Spano, Giuseppe (2012). "Lactic acid bacteria producing B-group vitamins: a great potential for functional cereals products" (PDF). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 96 (6): 1383–1394. doi:10.1007/s00253-012-4440-2. ISSN 0175-7598. PMID 23093174.
^ a b "Para-aminobenzoic acid". Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ a b Herbert, Victor; Subak-Sharpe, Genell J. (15 February 1995). Total Nutrition: The Only Guide You'll Ever Need - From The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. St. Martin's Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-312-11386-5.
^ "CPG Sec. 457.100 Pangamic Acid and Pangamic Acid Products Unsafe for Food and Drug Use". Compliance Policy Guidance Manual. US Food and Drug Administration. March 1995. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
^ a b Velisek, Jan (24 December 2013). The Chemistry of Food. Wiley. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-118-38383-4.
^ Lerner, I. J (1984). "The whys of cancer quackery". Cancer. 53 (3 Suppl): 815–9. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19840201)53:3+<815::AID-CNCR2820531334>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 6362828.
^ Velisek, Jan (24 December 2013). The Chemistry of Food. Wiley. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-118-38383-4.
^ Bender, David A. (11 September 2003). Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-139-43773-8.
^ Carter, Herbert E.; Bhattacharyya, P.K.; Weidman, Katharine R.; Fraenkel, G. (1952). "Chemical studies on vitamin BT. Isolation and characterization as carnitine". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 38 (1): 405–416. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(52)90047-7. ISSN 0003-9861. PMID 12997117.
Vitamins (A11)
Fat soluble
α-Carotene
β-Carotene
Retinol#
Ergocalciferol#
7-Dehydrocholesterol
Previtamin D3
Cholecalciferol#
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)
Calcitroic acid
Dihydroergocalciferol
D analogues
Dihydrotachysterol
Calcipotriol
Tacalcitol
Paricalcitol
Tocotrienol
Tocofersolan
Naphthoquinone
Phylloquinone (K1)
Menaquinones (K2)
Menadione (K3)‡
Menadiol (K4)
Thiamine#
B1 analogues
Acefurtiamine
Allithiamine
Fursultiamine
Octotiamine
Prosultiamine
Sulbutiamine
Riboflavin#
Nicotinamide#
Pantethine
Pyridoxine#, Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxamine
Pyritinol
Dihydrofolic acid
Folinic acid
Levomefolic acid
Adenosylcobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin
Methylcobalamin
Ascorbic acid#
Dehydroascorbic acid
#WHO-EM
‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
†Phase III
§Never to phase III
Malnutrition or nutrition disorders (E40–E68, 260–269)
Protein-energy
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Catabolysis
Vitamin deficiency
B1: Beriberi / Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (Wernicke's encephalopathy
Korsakoff's syndrome)
B2: Riboflavin deficiency
B3: Pellagra (Niacin deficiency)
B6: Pyridoxine deficiency
B7: Biotin deficiency
B9: Folate deficiency
B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency
A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots
C: Scurvy
D: Vitamin D deficiency/Rickets/Osteomalacia
E: Vitamin E deficiency
K: Vitamin K deficiency
Selenium (Keshan disease)
Overnutrition
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Vitamin poisoning
Hypervitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis E
Mineral overload
see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitamins
Medical Dispensary
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Myotis taiwanensis — вид рукокрилих роду Нічниця (Myotis). Цей вид довгий час вважався підвидом Myotis adversus.

Поширення, поведінка
Тайвань.

Джерела
 Han, N., Zhang, J., Reardon, T., Lin, L., Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. 2010. Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera)

Тварини, описані 1908
Нічниця
Ендемічна фауна Тайваню
Ссавці Тайваню

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The ParticleSystem class represents a particle system node in a world.
ParticleSystem::GetParticleSystemType Returns the particle system type.
ParticleSystem::GetParticleSystemFlags Returns the particle system flags.
ParticleSystem::SetParticleSystemFlags Sets the particle system flags.
ParticleSystem::GetFirstParticle Returns the first particle in a particle system.
ParticleSystem::GetLastParticle Returns the last particle in a particle system.
ParticleSystem::AddParticle Adds a new particle to a particle system.
ParticleSystem::AddFarthestParticle Adds a new particle to a particle system and makes it first to render.
ParticleSystem::FreeParticle Removes a particle from a particle system.
ParticleSystem::AnimateParticles Called once per frame to update the positions of the particles.
type The type of particle system.
pool The particle pool from which this effect creates particles.
textureName The name of the texture map to use. If this is nullptr, then the default particle texture is used.
The ParticleSystem class is the base class for all types of particle-based effects. A custom particle system is defined by creating a subclass of one of the more specific subclasses of the ParticleSystem class.
Effect A ParticleSystem node is a specific type of effect.
Registrable<ParticleSystem, ParticleSystemRegistration> Custom particle system types can be registered with the engine.
Configurable Particle systems can define configurable parameters that are exposed as user interface widgets in the World Editor.


Diamanda Galas – Not comparable….
One of my readers wrote me and asked me about my opinion about Diamanda Galas, and I thought "OK, I will write a piece about her"… When I titled this post "Not comparable" it is of course due to the fact that as a singer Diamanda Galas cannot – ever – be compared to anyone else! What she does as a singer is so totally unique, it transcends all categories, makes her hard to classify, sometimes even hard to enjoy her records. Easy listening it is not – but a fascinating use of the human voice as an instrument used for conveying emotions – and a lot of times the emotions expressed by Galas are anger, frustration, rage and despair. I've looked a little deeper into the musical world of this truly fascinating artist – and even if these views are my personal ones, it might be of help to anyone who is curious about what this singer actually can do….
A photo of the "private" Diamanda Galas, looking relaxed and just plain gorgeous!
Galas was born on August 29 1955 in California, to Greek parents – and as a young adult moved to Europe where she first made an impression when starring in Vinko Globokar's opera "Un jour comme un autre" – where the leading character is a tortured Turkish woman.
Galas has a truly magnificent voice, it spans several octaves, and she probably could have been one hell of an opera singer if she'd chosen that direction. Instead she decided to make use of her voice in a totally different way, and in the process creating a musical legacy which effectively separates her from any other singer on the planet. You might not enjoy listening to it, but it still grabs you by the neck, and thereby draws attention to whatever subject she is dealing with and whatever form of music she chooses to sing. And that – in my opinion – makes it impossible to be indifferent to what Galas does; Love her or hate her – in the end, she still is the vocal 8th Wonder of the world!
She has (according to Wikipedias entry on her) been described as being "capable of the most unnerving vocal terror", and yes occasionally that is a befitting label. However, this is not a description for her entire recorded output – she certainly can vocally terrorize you at times, but she is also capable of adjusting her voice to any and all kinds of musical styles – and there are several items to be found on her records that are just beautiful. In my opinion, Diamanda's recordings can be roughly divided into two categories; the really far-out, avant garde stuff on one hand, and on the other her more main-stream material – but you still won't mistake her for anyone else!
Making her debut album in 1982, she spent her first decade as a recording artist making some truly unique albums – and then in 1992 releasing the first of (what I call) her mainstream albums, "The Singer".
Just the titles of her first albums should give you just a hint about what to expect: "The Litanies of Satan" (containing the track "Wild Women With Steak Knives" … – get it…?) (1982), "Panoptikon" (1983) followed by her "Masque of The Red Death" trilogy: it consists of the separately released albums; "The Divine Punishment" (1986), "Saint of The Pit" (1987) and "You Must Be Certain of The Devil" (1988). These were followed by "The Plague Mass" in 1991 – and later albums like "Vena Cava" (1993) and "Schrei-X" (1996) all have Galas front & center doing some of that "vocal terror" mentioned earlier. Heavy stuff indeed, but magnificently performed! Certain soul singers have been praised for being able to vocally cover all human emotions. Diamanda Galas actually does the same – but when the emotions include AIDS, mental illness, anger, frustration, degradation, injustice and such – it does sound a little less cozy than any of the soul girls praising the love of their life….
The debut album. From the cover photo alone, you know the songs here are NOT cute love ballads!
Three of her albums are what I would consider easily accessible to a much wider audience, and are all suggested listening for anyone who is curious about Galas. They are; "The Singer" (1992), her collaboration with John Paul Jones "The Sporting Life" (1994) and "Malediction and Prayer" (1998).
Working with Led Zeppelin's John Paul Jones in 1994, produced the rock album "The Sporting Life" and if your taste in music include guitar solos, bass and drums all supporting a fabulous voice – this is your album! Diamanda proves that she once again can handle any kind of song, and she sings with style & gusto here, on material ranging from "Dark End Of The Street" to the Greek/Arabian inspired "Skotoseme". Some CD editions include a bonus track: the last song, "Hex" is reprised in a "La Diabla Mix", and so you can even hear Galas in a techno-inspired setting on a track you can actually dance to!
"Malediction And Prayer" is a live record that came out in 1998, and stylistically it is in the same vein as "The Singer". It does contain what I consider to be the greatest moment in her entire discography: She sings the old Supremes-hit "My World Is Empty Without You"! Taken as a slow ballad, it is sensitively and softly performed, bringing out nuances in the lyrics you never thought were there. Vocal terror?? Not one bit of it here, and so it proves that the "Queen of scream" also has the ability to do something vocally very beautiful and warm… It still is a million light years away from way back when Diana Ross sang it – but then again; Diana never delved this deep into the lyrics in the first place, and sang it just like any other Supremes-hit of the 60's.
I hope I have shed some new light on this very amazing artist, and I hope that anyone with an interest in music will lend an ear and find out for yourself if this floats your boat or not. Like Yma Sumac, Edith Piaf, Oum Kalthoum and Linda Ronstadt among others, Diamanda Galas has a voice and style that is instantly recognizable, all her own, she will never be mistaken for anyone else. Which, when it comes to great singing – really is what it's all about.
Great insight on an amazing artist. It is wonderful to be around to witness an artist who had the breadth of courage to take on genocides and plagues…who was too wise to let her talent be used and exploited for industry purposes but instead cared too much about what life had shown her and used her talent to tell the truth about all she had learned of it.
Thank you for your kind comments! In the "school of life", Diamanda Galas obviously is a grade A student! She has an amazing ability to take what life has shown her and turn it into great art, all the while reflecting the less nicer sides of what us human beings can experience as we live our life. She is, as you say, clearly too wise to be used or exploited in any way – and even though I don´t know Miss Galas personally, she seems to be a woman of both intelligence and integrity. I always considered music to be the most intelligent way of expressing emotions, and Diamanda Galas is proof positive that my assumption was correct I think… She is truly unique!
feel that my time thusfar has been justified. Thank you both.


text:
Happy Birthday, Ed Bradley!
0 Posted by Carletta Smith - December 14, 2017 - Black First, BLACK MEN
HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO THE LATE GREAT, MR. ED BRADLEY!!!!
Edward Rudolph "Ed" Bradley was a journalist, best known for 26 years of award-winning work on the CBS News television program, 60 Minutes. During the early part of his career, he also covered the Fall of Saigon, was the first black television correspondent to cover the White House, and anchored his own news broadcast, CBS Sunday Night with Ed Bradley.
He received several awards for his work, including the Peabody, the National Association of Black Journalists Lifetime Achievement Award, and 19 Emmy Awards.
A big fan of the Neville Brothers, Bradley performed on stage with the group and was known as "The fifth Neville Brother." Bradley was also friends with Jimmy Buffett, and would often perform onstage with him under the name "Teddy." Bradley had limited musical ability and did not have an extensive repertoire, but he would usually draw smiles by singing the 1951 classic by Billy Ward and the Dominoes, "Sixty Minute Man."
In the company of his longtime friend Jimmy Buffett, Bradley died on November 9, 2006 at Mount Sinai Hospital of complications from lymphocytic leukemia. He was 65 years old.
Legacy:
Bradley was honored with a traditional jazz funeral procession at the New Orleans Jazz fest, of which he was a large supporter. The parade, which took place on the first day of the six-day festival, circled the fairgrounds and included two brass bands.
Columnist Clarence Page wrote:
"When he was growing up in a working-class neighborhood in Philadelphia, his folks told him he could be anything he wanted to be. He took them up on it… Even in those days before the doors of opportunity were fully opened to black Americans, Mr. Bradley challenged the system. He worked hard and prepared himself. He opened himself to the world and dared the world to turn him away. He wanted to be a lot and he succeeded. Thanks to examples like his, the rest of us know that we can succeed, too."
Bradley had been a season ticket holder to the New York Knicks for over 20 years. On November 13, 2006, they honored him with a moment of silence.
After Bradley's death, his longtime friend Wynton Marsalis closed an episode of 60 Minutes with a solo trumpet performance, playing some of the music Bradley loved best.
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Ed BradleyEdward Rudolph "Ed" Bradley


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Browse 3D platforms with a ball
Browse 3d platforms with a ball game
In this online game you have to go from the beginning to the end of the level as fast as possible with the ball. You will get better faster if you score, play against the clock. Each level you complete will unlock the next. You can repeat a completed level as many times as you want. Use the arrow keys to move and the spacebar to jump. The game and your score will be automatically saved after completing the level. Enjoy an entertaining activity that you like.
This game has been played 8053 times online. Ranking 3112 of the best free games.
Rating based on 22 opinions of the users
A ball is a spherical or ovoid object typically used in games and sports, in this you have a three-dimensional. In mathematics, a ball is the space inside a sphere. In sports, it is the object used to score or be the center of the game. The word has many other uses that do not necessarily have to have anything in common. Guide the ball around the course to get to the end game. A journey in three dimensions, you must control the ball to the end of the road in the shortest possible time.
What is this game about? This is a free game called Browse 3D platforms with a ball for your browser without having to download or install anything, it is completely reliable. On this website you will be able to play for free this Ball flash game called Browse 3D platforms with a ball. And remember this is a free game called Browse 3D platforms with a ball and it is related to Ball. Our new game Browse 3D platforms with a ball is one of the best games of Ball you can find and you can share it with your friends and contacts on the social networks. This is an online game and video game called Browse 3D platforms with a ball that we invite you to play, enjoy and learn about it as well as to share in the comments and with your friends on the social networks.
Ball most played games
5 balls in a line
In this game there are balls of different colours, and you have to move the balls so that 5 or more balls of the same colour are connected in a straight line. That way they will be destroyed. The lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. After each move, new balls will be formed. you will lose the game if the whole board is filled with balls.
Tetris of color balls
This game is like a tetris, but with colorful balls. Each time, 3 balls will appear, and you can rotate the balls or move before dropping them to the group to pile them up. When 4 or more balls of the same colour are connected, the balls will be destroyed. When the balls become unstable, they will roll down, making the positions of the balls difficult to predict and the game is more challenging. Use the left and right arrow keys to move the falling balls, use the up and down arrow to rotate them ...
Twin balls
The object of this game is to destroy all the balls connecting them by pairs using a line. The pair of balls must have the same colour, and the line must not bend more than twice. It is not difficult to find the pairs but the essence of the game is to find them as quickly as possible, it's all about speed.


Panchkula: A special court here on Wednesday has acquitted Swami Aseemanand and three others in the Samjhauta train blast case which killed 68 people in 2007.
The blast had killed mostly Pakistanis. The blast in Samjhauta Express took place near Panipat in Haryana on February 18, 2007, when the train was on its way to Attari in Amritsar. That is the last railway station on the Indian side.
The NIA special judge Jagdeep Singh dismissed the plea filed by a Pakistani woman for examining eyewitnesses from her country saying it was "devoid of any merit".


Network Rail has been continuing its Railway Upgrade Plan by carrying out some major work at Bristol Parkway Station, causing the station to be completely closed during the first three weekends of November.
As part of the Railway Upgrade Plan, Network Rail is electrifying the railway between London Paddington and Cardiff with the aim being to provide passengers with quieter, more frequent and more reliable services. After the closure of the station for two weeks in September, the first two ten-carriage IETs (Intercity Express trains) entered service on 16th October, travelling through both Bristol Parkway and Bristol Temple Meads stations. They have since travelled over 30,000 miles along the Great Western Railway network, providing 20,000 more seats into London Paddington than the trains they replaced.
The new platform that is being constructed at the station should be finished in the new year and will be fully operational in December 2018 when the electric services start.
The continued work on extending the existing three platforms should also be completed in the new year and Network Rail is expecting those platforms to be fully operational much sooner than the fourth platform as they will be accommodating the increasing number of IETs that will be stopping at Bristol Parkway throughout 2018.
Although there are no more weekend closures planned, Network Rail is continuing the piling works every Saturday night, through to February 2018. Local residents will receive a letter if there are any changes to their plans.
Photos: 1 Work on installing a new fourth platform at Parkway Station. 2 New track goes in near Parkway Station.
This article originally appeared in the December 2017 issue of the Bradley Stoke Journal news magazine (on pages 26 & 27). The magazine is delivered FREE, EVERY MONTH, to 9,500 homes in Bradley Stoke, Little Stoke and Stoke Lodge. Phone 01454 300 400 to enquire about advertising or leaflet insertion.
This entry was posted on Wednesday 13th December 2017 at 6:59 pm	and is filed under Transport. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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Home/LEGAL NEWS
FAMILY LAW, LEGAL NEWS
By WMD Law|2021-11-17T23:01:30+00:00November 17th, 2021|FAMILY LAW, LEGAL NEWS|
As of 1 September 2021, the separate Federal Circuit Court and Family Court of Australia have merged to become the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCA). The fusion of the two courts aims to streamline processes for more efficient resolution of family law disputes and to reduce cost and delay to the parties involved. Navigating the new structure All family law matters will [...]
COVID-19 Rent Relief mandated while Sydney in its Second Lockdown
LEGAL NEWS, PROPERTY LAW
By WMD Law|2021-08-27T02:58:37+00:00August 27th, 2021|LEGAL NEWS, PROPERTY LAW|
As Lockdown continues and many tenants are forced to keep their doors closed, the NSW Government has updated its COVID-19 leasing laws and mandated rent relief for tenants. In 2020, when the pandemic first began, the NSW government instated the Retail and Other Commercial Leases (COVID-19) Regulation 2020 which allowed for rent relief negotiations proportionate to a tenant's turnover loss. However, this legislation ceased to [...]
Advice For Employers On The Vaccination Of Your Employees
By WMD Law|2021-08-11T01:16:26+00:00August 11th, 2021|LEGAL NEWS|
Employers have the right to ask employees if they have been vaccinated against COVID-19 in order to try to maintain a workplace safe from infection. This does not mean that vaccinations can be mandated by an employer, noting that the Prime Minister has repeatedly confirmed that "the vaccination program in Australia is free and not mandatory". In practice where employers are aware of the vaccination [...]
LEGAL NEWS, NEWS
By WMD Law|2021-07-30T06:06:37+00:00July 30th, 2021|LEGAL NEWS, NEWS|
What does the most recent round of NSW and Commonwealth Regulations mean for me and my business? With almost daily changes to restrictions, rapidly introduced legislation, increases to police powers and an adapting workplace environment staying on top of your obligations to both clients and your employees can be difficult. To provide a calm and safe environment and avoid the significant penalties which can be [...]
Retail and Other Commercial Leases (COVID-19) Regulation 2021
By WMD Law|2021-07-20T03:06:16+00:00July 20th, 2021|LEGAL NEWS, PROPERTY LAW|
On the 14th of July the New South Wales Government published the Retail and Other Commercial Leases (COVID-19) Regulation 2021. The primary objective of these new regulations is to restrict the rights of landlords under retail and other commercial leases to take action for a breach of lease by the tenant if the tenant has been 'impacted' by COVID-19. A tenant is "impacted" if they qualify [...]
The upcoming reforms to Unfair Contract Terms legislation
COMMERCIAL LAW, LEGAL NEWS
By WMD Law|2021-03-31T04:00:19+00:00March 31st, 2021|COMMERCIAL LAW, LEGAL NEWS|
Since 2010, the Australian Consumer Lawhas provided protection for consumers and small businesses against unfair contract terms (UCTs) contained in standard form contracts. In November 2020, following consultation with the public, legislators announced a further strengthening of the UCT protections. The UCT protections will continue to apply only to standard form contracts issued to consumers and small businesses. What are unfair contracts? A term contained [...]
Family Courts Establish Priority List
By WMD Law|2021-02-26T05:08:23+00:00February 23rd, 2021|FAMILY LAW, LEGAL NEWS|
The Family Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit Court of Australia have established a priority list to deal with urgent family law matters. The list was originally set to run for a number of months during the height of the pandemic but has been expanded to help address urgent cases continuing to arise that are directly affected or escalated by issues related to the [...]
New Laws to Increase Community Confidence in the Construction Industry
By WMD Law|2020-09-09T01:53:13+00:00September 4th, 2020|LEGAL NEWS, PROPERTY LAW|
Introduction The NSW Government has recently passed 2 pieces of legislation with the objective to increase confidence of the community in the construction industry. DBP Act The Design and Building Practitioners Act 2020 (NSW) ("DBP Act") was enacted on 10 June 2020 and it introduces a statutory duty of care to benefit owners of land and provides for methods to regulate design and building work, [...]
Witnessing of Legal Documents during COVID-19 Pandemic
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a number of measures taken nationwide to ensure that documents such as Wills, Enduring Guardians, Powers of Attorney, Affidavits and Statutory Declarations are witnessed correctly. These measures give individuals the ability to have their documents witnessed remotely via audio visual link ("AVL") to reduce the need for face-to-face interactions. The following outlines the current stance of [...]
Be aware! Financiers are now re-verifying employment status before effecting settlements
By WMD Law|2020-05-29T05:35:09+00:00May 18th, 2020|LEGAL NEWS, PROPERTY LAW|
Recently, we have become aware that lenders are undertaking repeat employment checks on borrowers prior to advancing the funds for a property settlement. These status checks are now being carried out up to the date of settlement. There are significant changes being experienced by people all over the world due to the current pandemic, and one of the most significant of these can relate to [...]


At almost a metre and a half square this large play house in bold colours is sure to be a big hit.
Reviewers recommend watching the You Tube video on how to fold it down in to it's storage bag if you are having problems.
Kids love being outdoors and a play house gives them so many fun options to explore.
It could be a house for tea parties, a shop, a tent out in the jungle, the vets for poorly cuddly toys to visit. The possibilities are endless.
This particular wendy house is fairly neutral as it doesn't feature a TV character or a distracting colour scheme so it can easily be transformed in to what ever imaginary destination your child chooses.
Although it doesn't include an integral ground sheet we actually see this as a benefit as they can be hard to keep clean. Why not use a washable blanket or picnic mat? We have also used a cheap single duvet cover in the past (minus the duvet of course).
"Absolutely recommend! Without doubt one of the best buys! Its like the kids own little room! Bought it for my daughters fifth birthday! Made her day!"
"Love the Pop Up Mega Mansion! The dimensions didn't make it sound huge, but it's at least double the size of the usual size pop up houses and easily tall enough for my 8 year old to stand up in the middle. I really like that it's big enough for me to get inside and play with my toddler, and there's still plenty of room left for toys. There's no floor to it, but there are loops and pegs so it can be used outside and pegged down so it doesn't blow away. It's very easy to put up, and if you watch the video putting it down is easy too, although the instruction leaflet isn't much help! I managed it first time! I'd certainly recommend it and I think it will get lots of use."


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Q: MessageConversionException kafka consumer I have the below config of kafka stream
spring:
  cloud:
    stream:
      function:
        definition: handleCatalogEvent
      bindings:
        handleCatalogEvent-in-0:
          content-type: application/json
          destination: catalog_change
          group: back-group
          consumer:
            configuration:
              json.value.type: com.test.domain.ChangeNotification
              json.fail.invalid.schema: true
            useNativeEncoding: true
      kafka:
        binder:
          brokers: kafka-dev.test.priv:7887
          auto-create-topics: false
          consumer-properties:
            auto.offset.reset: latest
            auto.commit.interval.ms: 1000
            specific.avro.reader: true
            auto.register.schemas: false
            key.deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
            value.deserializer: io.confluent.kafka.serializers.json.KafkaJsonSchemaDeserializer
            schema.registry.url: https://schema-registry.dev.test.priv:8787

I have the below bean to consume the data
@Bean
public Consumer<Message<ChangeNotification>> handleCatalogEvent() {
    return event -> {
        log.info("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nature Of Change : {} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -", event.getPayload().getNatureOfChange());
        log.info("- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PAYLOAD : {} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -", event.getPayload().getItem());
    };
}

When i receive the data i get this error

Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException: Unexpected
character ('i' (code 105)): was expecting double-quote to start field
name  at [Source: (String)"{idCatalog=5c824fc5b0efe060e87f056b,
code=008, codeContext=[01], label=Spécialité PS,
natureOfChange=INSERT, item={id=6373b315d9428a128d0ffc6c, code=kn17,
label=string, startEffectiveDate=2022-11-15T10:25:23.21Z}}"; line: 1,
column: 3]    at
com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser._constructError(JsonParser.java:2391)
~[jackson-core-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.core.base.ParserMinimalBase._reportError(ParserMinimalBase.java:735)
~[jackson-core-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.core.base.ParserMinimalBase._reportUnexpectedChar(ParserMinimalBase.java:659)
~[jackson-core-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.ReaderBasedJsonParser._handleOddName(ReaderBasedJsonParser.java:1860)
~[jackson-core-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.ReaderBasedJsonParser.nextToken(ReaderBasedJsonParser.java:734)
~[jackson-core-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserialize(BeanDeserializer.java:176)
~[jackson-databind-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.DefaultDeserializationContext.readRootValue(DefaultDeserializationContext.java:322)
~[jackson-databind-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper._readMapAndClose(ObjectMapper.java:4674)
~[jackson-databind-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper.readValue(ObjectMapper.java:3629)
~[jackson-databind-2.13.1.jar:2.13.1]     at
org.springframework.messaging.converter.MappingJackson2MessageConverter.convertFromInternal(MappingJackson2MessageConverter.java:232)
~[spring-messaging-5.3.23.jar:5.3.23]     ... 45 common frames omitted

A: If we look at your logs, we see that you have a string payload like {key1=value, key2=value}.
This is not valid JSON, so you will be unable to use a JSON parser, especially not Confluent's JSONSchema parser since there is no schema to that data.
You'll need to use StringDeserializer for your value as well, and parse the String, or you need to fix your producer to properly use Confluent's KafkaJsonSchemaSerializer class

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Contact North Lauderdale, Florida Accident Attorney Cytryn and Velazquez
Bus Accidents Personal Injury Lawyers in FloridaBroward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach Counties Bus Accidents Attorneys Located in Coral Springs
School and public bus accidents are unfortunately, very common. You may also think that bus transportation is safer when taking a long trip, than flying. Statistics show that that's clearly not true. Sure, charter, tour, or school bus transportation systems are convenient transportation alternatives for individuals who do not own motor vehicles, do not have time to drop off or pick up their children at school, or for individuals taking trips that prefer not to use their own vehicle. However, due to the large size and lack of seat belts in some buses, children and other persons are at a risk for enduring serious injuries resulting from bus accidents.
Buses are considered a common carrier, which is generally defined as a company or individual that serves the general public by transporting people or products. By law, common carriers are responsible for the safety of the goods or individuals being transported. If an accident occurs, the bus company is liable for the injuries or losses.
Since the United States has stricter regulations regarding buses, the rate of accidents in this country is far less than that in the rest of the world. In particular, the U.S. Department of Transportation requires that state transit systems evaluate potential bus drivers with the following criteria:
Mental examinations
Physical examinations including drug and alcohol testing
Review of the driver's record
Minimum age requirement
Personality/attitude evaluation
Minimum of 5 years of driving experience
In order to better understand why bus accidents occur, the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Administration division conducted a bus crash causation study (BCCS) involving motor coach buses, transit buses, school buses, large vans, and small buses. The study examined 39 bus accidents by investigating the scene of the accident, looking at police reports, interviewing the people on the bus, and interviewing bus officials as well.
The study revealed the majority of bus accidents were linked to driver error from either the bus driver or the driver of the vehicle that collided with the bus. The most frequent error committed by bus drivers pertained to inadequate surveillance, while the most common mistake made by the vehicle drivers was entering an intersection or roadway incorrectly. Other less common causes of bus accidents resulted from violations in repair and maintenance on the buses such as brake failure, and pedestrians walking on the roadway or intersection.
Although school bus accidents are not very common, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration indicates that an estimated 142 school transportation related fatalities happen each year. To prevent school bus fatalities, Florida law requires vehicles to stop when school buses have flashing red lights and a stop sign extended from both sides. In spite of the law, many individuals choose to pass illegally or do not know the full requirements of the law. What most individuals are unaware of is that drivers on the opposite side of the road are required to stop as well. Drivers that violate the law face the risk of injuring a child and are subject to receiving a citation.
The following are a list of safety tips provided by the Florida Department of Highway and Motor Vehicles to avoid school bus related accidents:
When approaching a school bus that is stopped with its red lights flashing and its stop arms extended, motorists are required to STOP in nearly every instance.
Be alert and watch for children at all times, but especially near schools, bus stops, school buses, and in school parking lots.
Obey all traffic laws and speed limits, paying extra attention to the lower speed limits in school zones.
Do not pass other vehicles in school zones or cross walks.
Do not change lanes or make U-turns in school zones.
Watch for and obey all signals from school crossing guards.
Do not text or use a cell phone while driving.
Only drive or park in authorized areas to drop off or pick up children at school
At the Law Offices of Cytryn &Velazquez, P.A., we understand that being involved in a bus accident is a traumatic situation, and may take several years to recover from. Our experienced bus accident lawyers have handled numerous bus accident cases and know the adequate steps to take for you or your loved one. Please call our office now at 1-877-853-7466 for your free consultation.
Bus Accidents | Coral Springs Personal Injury Lawyers Cytryn and Velazquez


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I've used the word 'patterns' because it's more understandable when searching for, but the proper term is brickwork bonds and this better describes what they really are. Although the patterns created by the way bricks in a wall are put together do have importance in their own right, the reason for them is usually as much to do with the structure as the appearance. For example, most people would probably imagine the surface of a brick wall like this
In each row the bricks are laid end-to-end, but the bricks in the row above start from the mid-point of the bricks below. Anyone who's played with Lego as a child knows why this has to be .. even with mortar sticking the bricks together the wall would fall down pretty quickly unless the vertical divisions are staggered like this. It also follows that every other course has to begin (also to end in this case) with a brick placed on-end because this interlocks with the side walls. But this 'bond' represents the simplest arrangement of bricks, giving a wall which is only one brick-width thick. This is perhaps understandly most familiar to us in modern times, after the invention of cavity insulation or structures principally made of concrete. The brickwork surface we see is not the solid, structural one. Older walls, which were just bricks, built solid and not just in one layer, had to have a different arrangement with a regular distribution of bricks going through the wall to anchor the layers together. Therefore we see just as many headers (the end face of the brick) as stretchers (the side face of the brick). Over the centuries the creativity of builders has led to a really surprising number of variations which combine these two faces in an evenly distributed way. One of those most common in older buildings in the UK, perhaps especially London, is the Flemish bond, in which each course of bricks alternates a side-on with an end-on, resulting in an attractive pattern when the courses are staggered, as shown below
Notice also the way the brickwork is finished at each side. I'm assuming that the length of walls can't always be planned exactly according to a set number of stretchers and headers, so often the ends have to include a cut brick to make up the length (or to finish neatly around door or window openings). The common practice has always been to insert this extra before the end-brick, because this is structurally more sound and also looks better.
Using these templates
These brickwork bonds are reproduced here courtesy of Wikipedia where they can be found (along with many other variations) on a very informative and authoritative page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickwork
I've adjusted the size of these so that they should print in 1:25 scale at 1:1 or 'full' size. If in doubt the printed patterns should measure 94mm across. I have reproduced them to be used as templates, just for size reference or for marking divisions, not as printed substitutes for brickwork modelling. The way I usually simulate brickwork is by scoring the surface of soft foam ( see the articles in Materials/-Surfacing ) and I mark up using pattern references such as these rather than having to measure out with a scale ruler each time.
The size of a brick
This is an interesting subject, with a function-led poetry of its own! Traditionally the size of a brick has been determined over time by what the bricklayer can most comfortably hold in one hand while working. This is not just in terms of overall weight but also the width has developed according to the average span of the hand when picking the brick up to lay it flat upon another. The width of a brick is therefore around 100mm. If, as in earlier brick building, the bricks have to work comfortably both side-on and end-on the width and the length of the brick should have a clear and simple relationship to each other. In the UK bricks have conformed for a fairly long time now to ..
length 215mm width 102.5mm height 65mm
In this case, two bricks laid end-on with the 'statutory' 10mm of mortar between them make exactly the same length as a single brick laid side-on. This conformity means that regular 'patterns' are easier to create and that the vertical mortar divisions (known as perpends) are easier to align nicely throughout the elevation.
On the whole bricks are a similar size the world over, as would be expected given the above. They are a similar size .. but not the same! In colder countries bricks are made thicker for better insulation so the thickness also increases the length. For example the standard size in Russia is ..
length 250mm width 120mm heigt65mm
and the US standard, apparently, is ..
length 203mm width 102mm height 57mm
.. which doesn't seem entirely logical, as if the first brickmakers just forget about the mortar allowance but the size somehow stuck!
There is a table detailing common sizes used in other countries on another useful Wikipedia page here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick
Something that has changed more noticeably over time is the height of bricks. For example in the UK bricks were often thinner i.e. c. 51mm prior to more standardization in the Georgian period.
Below is another fairly common bond from earlier times in the UK called English bond. Here complete rows of stretchers are alternated with headers. Apparaently this resulted in a very strong wall and can be still seen in many older industrial buildings.
3 thoughts on "brickwork patterns"
Maria on August 11, 2013 at 5:26 am said:
Thanks for the tutorial, David, it's very useful for my.
TERRY VAUGHN WHITE on March 16, 2013 at 5:23 am said:
Good reference. I googled brick sizes several months back and came up with all different sizes and patterns thru out the world. I was so concerned about scale. Still kinda lost on using theses as templates compared to marking each row with a scale. There is one pattern (I forget the name ) that is in a V shape. Saw this on an old English Cottage while looking at patterns. Can not seem to find it again. Maybe you can. thanks
graeme on March 15, 2013 at 8:58 pm said:
Thanks for this tutorial David, I am one of those who tends to stray with scale on bricks.


text:
GAME 13 @ EDMONTON
2019-20 SEASON edmonton oil kings Game Notes
Erin Schwab
The Story Coming In
The Medicine Hat Tigers fell 6-3 on Sunday to the Calgary Hitmen. It was the Tigers' first of nine straight road games. After tonight's contest against the Oil Kings, the Tabbies will travel to Lethbridge to battle the Hurricanes on Saturday before leaving for a five game BC road trip. After the BC swing the Tigers will pay a visit to the Westerner Park Centrium to play the Rebels. Medicine Hat's next home game is November 16th against the Oil Kings. The Orange and Black are 8-3-1-0 and they are led by veteran forwards James Hamblin (5G, 11A) and Ryan Chyzowski (9G, 6A) as well as rookie forward Cole Sillinger (8G, 7A).
Tigers vs. Oil Kings
Tonight's game will be the first meeting between the Tigers and Oil Kings this season. The last time these two Central Division rivals faced off was in the 2019 Eastern Conference Quarter Finals where the Oil Kings came out on top in a 4-2 series. The Tigers are 13-3-2-0 against the Oil Kings in regular season play over the past five years. The last time Medicine Hat defeated Edmonton was January 16, 2019, in a 4-3 shootout. James Hamblin was the lone goal scorer in the shootout to win the game for the Tigers.
View from Edmonton
The Edmonton Oil Kings defeated the Red Deer Rebels 5-1 last Friday night. The Oil Kings had five different goal scorers in the contest while rookie goaltender Sebastian Cossa stopped 21 of 22 shots faced. Edmonton is now 8-1-3-0 and they are currently sitting in first place of the Central Division. They are led by veteran forwards Riley Sawchuk (6G, 8A) and Josh Williams (5G, 8A). After tonight's game, the Oil Kings will host the Seattle Thunderbirds on Saturday.
Tigers Talent
Daniel Baker is a smart, two-way defenceman in his second season with the Orange and Black. The 18-year-old Edmonton native has 7 points (4G, 3A) in the Tigers' last five games and he has now set a new career high in goals doubling his last season total. Baker is a calm, collected player with a great ability to the read the play. Look for Baker to make an impact on both ends of the ice for the Tigers tonight.
Captain James Hamblin is leading the Tigers offensively with 16 points (5G, 11A) so far this season and he is ranked 8th in the league for points. Hamblin is tied with Brett Kemp for most assists on the team with 11 each. The 20-year-old Edmonton product is a fast, skilled, two-way forward who leads his team by example through hard work and tenacity.
Veteran forward Ryan Chyzowski has been selected to play for Team WHL in the CIBC Canada Russia Series. Chyzowski has 15 points (9G, 6A) in 12 games played this season.
Rookie forward Cole Sillinger will be playing for Team Canada White during the World U17 Hockey Challenge. Sillinger has 15 points (8G, 7A) in 12 games played this season.
Rookie goaltender Garin Bjorklund has been rated a 'C' Prospect on NHL Central Scouting's Players to Watch. Bjorklund has a 3-0-0-0 record, a 1.59 GAA and 0.946 SAV% so far this season.
Five Tigers prospects are participating in the WHL Cup. Oasiz Wiesblatt, Tyler MacKenzie and Ryan Nolan are playing for Team Alberta while Cayden Glover and Ben Bonni are playing for Team Manitoba.
The Medicine Hat Tigers joined the WHL in 1970 and they opened their inaugural season by playing a home and home series with the Edmonton Oil Kings. The Tigers' first home game was October 15, 1970. Although the Tigers did not make the playoffs that year, Tiger great Stan Weir won the WHL Rookie of the Year Award.
About the Medicine Hat Tigers
The Medicine Hat Tigers are a junior hockey team in the Western Hockey League (WHL) who play out of Medicine Hat, AB and were established in 1970. In 49 seasons of playing major junior hockey, the Tigers have won 2 Scotty Munro Memorial Trophies, as well as, 212 playoff games which led to winning 43 playoff series, raising 33 banners, winning five Ed Chynoweth Cups and two Memorial Cups.
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