Опираясь на опыт различных компаний из франкоязычной Африки, мы исследуем, как траектории интернационализации компаний в приграничной экономике могут отличаться от предсказанных теорией. Компании, которые были изучены в данной работе, следовали социальным, лингвистическим, культурным и институциональным факторам для интернационализации сначала во Францию, а не в соседние страны, в поисках не только рынков и ресурсов, но и легитимности. В свою очередь, рост продаж, ресурсы и легитимность, приобретенные во Франции, способствовали дальнейшей международной экспансии, в том числе в соседние страны. Несмотря на то, что наши выводы основаны на опыте франкоязычных компаний из Африки, мы утверждаем, что траектория интернационализации компаний из всех бывших колоний проходит через колониальный центр. Наши результаты подчеркивают важную роль легитимности и социальных связей в процессе интернационализации компаний в приграничной экономике, а также служат отличным напоминанием о продолжающемся влиянии колониальных связей на международный бизнес.
Basándonos en la experiencia de empresas de varios tamaños de África Francófona, exploramos como las trayectorias de internacionalización de empresas de economía de frontera pueden variar de aquellas predichas por la teoría. Las empresas estudiadas siguen gradientes sociales, lingüísticas, culturales e institucionales para internacionalizarse primero a Francia, en lugar qué a sus países vecinos, y lo hacen en búsqueda no sólo de mercados y recursos sino de legitimidad. En cambio, las ventas, recursos y legitimidad adquirida en Francia apoyaron una mayor expansión internacional, incluso a veces a países vecinos. Aunque nuestros conocimientos se derivan de la experiencia empresas francófonas de África, argumentamos que, para las empresas de todas las antiguas colonias, la trayectoria de internacionalización lleva a través del centro colonial. Nuestros hallazgos subrayan los roles de búsqueda de legitimidad y lazos de red en la internacionalización de empresa de mercado frontera y sirve como un recordatorio de la influencia persistente de los lazos coloniales en negocios internacionales.
Anderson, L. 2011. Demystifying the Arab Spring: Parsing the differences between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. Foreign Affairs, 90(3): 2–7.
Awate, S., Larsen, M. M., & Mudambi, R. 2012. EMNE catch-up strategies in the wind turbine industry: Is there a trade-off between output and innovation capabilities? Global Strategy Journal, 2(3): 205–223.
Barnard, H. 2014. Migrating EMNCs and the theory of the multinational. In Cuervo-Cazurra, A. & Ramamurti, R. (Eds.), Understanding multinationals from emerging markets: 195–223. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Barnard, H., Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Manning, S. 2017. Africa business research as a laboratory for theory-building: Extreme conditions, new phenomena, and alternative paradigms of social relationships. Management and Organization Review, 13(3): 467–495.
Barnard, H., & Luiz, J. M. 2018. Escape FDI and the dynamics of a cumulative process of misalignment and contestation: Stress, strain and failure. Journal of World Business, 53(5): 605–619.
Barnard, H., & Pendock, C. 2013. To share or not to share: The role of affect in knowledge sharing by individuals in a diáspora. Journal of International Management, 19(1): 47–65.
Beugelsdijk, S., & Mudambi, R. 2013. MNEs as border-crossing multilocation enterprises: The role of discontinuites in geographic space. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(5): 413–426.
Bezuidenhout, H., & van Rensberg, J. 2016. An original ranking of South Africa's global players for 2013–2015. New York: Columbia Center for Sustainable Development.
Birkinshaw, J., Brannen, M. Y., & Tung, R. L. 2011. From a distance and generalizable to up close and grounded: Reclaiming a place for qualitative methods in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5): 573–581.
Bitektine, A. 2011. Toward a theory of social judgments of organizations: The case of legitimacy, reputation, and status. Academy of Management Review, 36(1): 151–179.
Boddewyn, J. J. 1995. The legitimacy of international-business political behavior. The International Trade Journal, 9(1): 143–161.
Boisot, M., & Meyer, M. 2008. Which way through the open door? Reflections on the internationalization of Chinese firms. Management and Organization Review, 4(3): 349–365.
Buckley, P. J. 2018. Internationalisation theory and outward direct investment by emerging market multinationals. Management International Review, 58: 195–224.
Buckley, P. J., Clegg, J., Cross, A., Liu, X., Voss, H., & Zheng, P. 2007. The determinants of Chinese outward foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 499518.
Cantwell, J., & Mudambi, R. 2011. Physical attraction and the geography of knowledge sourcing in multinational enterprises. Global Strategy Journal, 1(3–4): 206–232.
Claasen, C., & Roloff, J. 2012. The link between responsibility and legitimacy: The case of DeBeers in Namibia. Journal of Business Ethics, 107: 379–398.
Crowder, M. 1964. Indirect rule - British and French style. Africa - Journal of the International African Institute, 34(3): 197–205.
Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Genc, M. 2011. Obligating, pressuring, and supporting dimensions of the environment and the non-market advantages of developing-country multinational companies. Journal of Management Studies, 48: 441–455.
Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Narula, R. 2015. A set of motives to unite them all? Revisiting the principles and typology of internationalization motives. Multinational Business Review, 23(1): 2–14.
Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Narula, R., & Un, C. A. 2015. Internationalization motives: Sell more, buy better, upgrade and escape. Multinational Business Review, 23(1): 25–35.
Darendeli, I. S., & Hill, TL (2016). Uncovering the complex relationships between political risk and MNE firm legitimacy: Insights from Libya. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(1): 68–92.
Dia, M. 1996. Africa's management in the 1990s and beyond: Reconciling indigenous and transplanted institutions. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Dunning, J. H. 1993. Multinational enterprises and the global economy. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Ekeh, P. 1975. Colonialism and the two 'publics' in Africa: A theoretical statement. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17(1): 91–112.
Ford, N. 2014. Africa's top 250 companies. African Business, April 29.
Fujita, M., & Mori, T. 1998. On the dynamics of frontier economies: Endogenous growth or the self-organization of a dissipative system? Annals of Regional Science, 32(1): 39–62.
Gann, L. H., & Duignan, P. 1967. The burden of empire: An appraisal of Western colonialism in Africa south of the Sahara. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
George, G. 2015. Expanding context to redefine theories: Africa in management research. Management and Organization Review, 11(1): 5–10.
George, G., Corbishley, C., Khayesi, J. N. O, Haas, M. R., & Tihanyi, L. 2016. Bringing Africa in: Promising directions for management research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2): 377–394.
Henisz, W. J., Dorobantu, S., & Nartey, L. J. 2014. Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement. Strategic Management Journal, 35: 1727–1748.
Ipemed. 2016. Monograph of co-production companies: Misfat. Institut de Prospective Economique du Monde Mediterraneen, 16 February.
IMF. 2012. Direction of Trade Statistics. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. 1977. The internationalization process of the firm: A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1): 23–32.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. 2009. The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(9): 1411–1431.
Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 2013. Winning in emerging markets: A road map for strategy and execution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
Kimenyi, M., Lewis, Z., & Routman, B. 2016. Introduction: Intra-African trade in context. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution.
Kostova, T., Roth, K., & Dacin, M. T. 2008. Institutional theory in the study of multinational corporations: A critique and new directions. Academy of Management Review, 33(4): 994–1006.
Kothari, T., Kotabe, M., & Murphy, P. 2013. Rules of the game for emerging market multinational companies. Journal of International Management, 19: 276–299.
Kumaraswamy, A., Mudambi, R., Saranga, H., & Tripathy, A. 2012. Catch-up strategies in the Indian auto components industry: Domestic firms' responses to market liberalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(4): 368–395.
Kuznetsov, Y. 2006. Diaspora networks and the international migration of skills: How countries can draw on their talent abroad. WBI Development Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Lee, A., & Schultz, K. 2012. Comparing British and French Colonial legacies: A discontinuity analysis of Cameroon. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 7: 1–46.
Levin, D. Z., & Barnard, H. 2013. Connections to distant knowledge: Interpersonal ties between more- and less-developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(7): 676-698.
Lewin, A. Y., Massini, S., & Peeters, C. 2009. Why are companies offshoring innovation? The emerging global race for talent. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6): 901–925.
Lorenzen, M., & Mudambi, R. 2013. Clusters, connectivity and catch-up: Bangalore and Bollywood in the global economy. Journal of Economic Geography, 13(3): 501–534.
Lundan, S., & Jones, G. 2001. The Commonwealth Effect and the process of internationalization. The World Economy, 24(1): 99–118.
Luo, Y., & Tung, R. L. 2018. A general theory of springboard MNEs. Journal of International Business Studies, 49(2): 129–152.
Makino, S., & Tsang, E. W. K. 2011. Historical ties and foreign direct investment: An exploratory study. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(4): 545–557.
Mayer, S. D., Harima, A., & Freiling, J. 2015. Network benefits for Ghanaian diaspora and returnee entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 3(3): 95–122.
Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R., & Narula, R. 2011. Multinational enterprises and local contexts: The opportunities and costs of multiple embeddedness. Journal of Management Studies, 48(2): 235–252.
Mody, A. 2004. What is an emerging market? Working Paper 04/177, IMF : Washington DC.
Moghaddam, K., Sethi, D., Weber, T., & Wu, J. 2014. The smirk of emerging market firms: A modification of the Dunning's typology of internationalization motivations. Journal of International Management, 20(3): 359–374.
Mudambi, R. 1998. Review of international financial management. Journal of Finance, 53(3): 1194–1197.
Mudambi, R. 2008. Location, control and innovation in knowledge intensive firms. Journal of Economic Geography, 8(5): 699–725.
Osborn, E. 2003. Circle of iron: African colonial employees and the interpretation of colonial rule in French West Africa. Journal of African History, 44(1): 29–50.
Pant, A., & Ramachandran, J. 2012. Legitimacy beyond borders: Indian software services firms in the United States, 1984 to 2004. Global Strategy Journal, 2(3): 224–243.
Peng, M. W., Wang, D., & Jiang, Y. 2008. An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business, 39(5): 920–936.
Ramamurti, R. 2012. Competing with emerging market multinationals. Business Horizons, 55, 241–249.
Rangan, S., & Drummond, A. 2004. Explaining outcomes in competition among foreign multinationals in a focal host market. Strategic Management Journal, 25(3): 285–293.
Riddle, L., Hrivnak, G. A., & Nielsen, T. M. 2010. Transnational diaspora entrepreneurship in emerging markets: Bridging institutional divides. Journal of International Management, 16: 398–411.
S&P Global. 2017. S&P Global BMI, S&P/IFCI Methodology. New York: Standard & Poor's.
Sarasvathy, S., Kumar, K., York, J. G., & Bhagavatula, S. 2014. An effectual approach to international entrepreneurship: Overlaps, challenges, and provocative possibilities. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 38(1): 71–93.
Saxenian, A. 2005. From brain drain to brain circulation: Transnational communities and regional upgrading in India and China. Studies in Comparative International Development, 40(2): 35–61.
Saxenian, A. 2007. The new Argonauts: Regional advantage in a global economy. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Scherer, A. G., Palazzo, G., & Seidl, D. 2013. Managing legitimacy in complex and heterogeneous environments: Sustainable development in a globalized world. Journal of Management Studies, 50(2): 259–284.
Schotter, A., & Abdelzaher, D. 2013. The boundary spanning effects of the Muslim diaspora on the internationalization processes of firms from organization of Islamic conference countries. Journal of International Management, 19: 82–98.
Schotter, A., Mudambi, R., Doz, Y., & Gaur, A. 2017. Boundary spanning in global organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 54(4): 403–421.
Shinn, D. H., & Eisenman, J. 2012. China and Africa: A century of engagement. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Stasavage, D. 1997. The CFA franc zone and fiscal discipline. Journal of African Economies, 6(1): 132–167.
Stevens, C., & Newenham-Kahindi, A. 2017. Legitimacy spillovers and political risk: The case of FDI in the East African community. Global Strategy Journal, 7(1): 10–35.
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. 2005. Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(1): 35–67.
Thomas, D. 2007. Black France: Colonialism, immigration and transnationalism. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
UNCTAD. 2016. World Investment Report. UNCTAD: Geneva.
Vahlne, J.-E., & Johanson, J. 2017. From internationalization to evolution: The Uppsala model at 40 years. Journal of International Business Studies, 48(10): 1087–1102.
Wang, S., & Cuervo-Cazurra, A. 2017. Overcoming human capital voids in underdeveloped countries. Global Strategy Journal, 7(1): 36–57.
Whittlesey, D. 1937. British and French colonial technique in West Africa. Foreign Affairs, 15(2): 362–373.
Williams, D., & Grégoire, D. 2013. Seeking commonalities or avoiding differences? Re-conceptualizing distance and its effect on internationalization decisions. Journal of International Business Studies, 46: 253–284.
Witt, M., de Castro, L., Amaeshi, K., Mahroum, S., Bohle, D., & Saez, L. 2018. Mapping the business systems of 61 major economies: A taxonomy and implications for varieties of capitalism and business systems research. Socio-Economic Review, 16(1): 5–38.
WTO. 2016. World Trade Statistical Review. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Xu, D., & Meyer, K. E. 2013. Linking theory and context: 'Strategy research in emerging economies' after Wright et al. (2005). Journal of Management Studies, 50(7): 1322–1346.
Yin, R. K. 2002. Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Zook, M., & Brunn, S. 2005. Hierarchies, regions, and legacies: European cities and global commercial passenger air travel. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 13(2): 203–220.


> I hear that Miimaamsaa means "investigation".
"To think back and forth" or to debate.  So Mimamsa is the art of debate.
> Uttara Miimaamsaa mean? And what's the reason for naming the schools so?
> Miimaamsaa don't care for a creator God. Can somebody explain?
Therefore God is completely uninvolved in creation.
cannot accept that any entity--even God created the Vedas.


text:
« If you think getting old is an ugly thing, try dying young – Mary Remmy Njoku tells age-shamers | #fidelityiwd2022: Folorunsho Alakija, Oby Ekwesili, Ita-Giwa, Bola Shagaya, Chimamanda Ngozi-Adichie, Uju Ifejirika, Shade Okoya others at the Fidelity Bank International Women's day 2022 celebration in collaboration with Linda Ikeji »
Roman Abramovich banned from selling Chelsea FC as the Russian billionaire is sanctioned by Britain and all his assets frozen
Chelsea owner, Roman Abramovich has been sanctioned by the UK government effectively blocking the sale of the club over Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The billionaire Russian oligarch will have all his assets frozen, banned from coming to Britain and from doing business there.
According to UK Sun, Chelsea will be granted a special licence to continue playing but Abramovich will not profit from the club. The club is also not allowed to sell tickets – with only season ticket holders being able to attend fixtures.
In a statement on Thursday March 10, UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson said: "There can be no safe havens for those who have supported Putin's vicious assault on Ukraine.
"Today's sanctions are the latest step in the UK's unwavering support for the Ukrainian people.
"We will be ruthless in pursuing those who enable the killing of civilians, destruction of hospitals, and illegal occupation of sovereign allies."
Abramovich is among seven Putin cronies sanctioned today to keep twisting the thumbscrews on Russia for invading Ukraine.
News first emerged last week that Abramovich had listed the club for sale following the outbreak of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, the billionaire cannot sell the five-time Premier League champions, and the UK Government would need to give special dispensation for the sale of the club – with Abramovich receiving no money for it either directly or indirectly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Following this segue into a music career, Nao began singing in an all-girl beatboxing a cappella group called The Boxettes, for six years, until she released her first EP, So Good in October of 2014. The EP was "so good" in fact, that it reached number 4 on the iTunes electronic chart, and the title track, "So Good" ft. A.K. Paul, made the BBC Radio 1 and BBC 1Xtra national playlists in the United Kingdom. This was followed by a second EP, entitled, February 15 in 2015, and a debut album, For All We Know, in 2016.
In her album, Saturn, Nao examines her personal growth, romantic upheaval, and the nuances that accompany young –adulthood, all under title, and scope of an astrological lens, focusing on heartbreak and the regenerative process that follows. When asked about the album's connotation, Nao states, "My friends kept telling me about the term 'Saturn Returns'. It's this idea that Saturn takes 29 years to orbit from when you're born and it is the planet of blessings and growth. So by the time you're around 29, between 27 and 32, something big happens in your life. It's like waking up and coming of age, like: 'I've been going through my twenties and what have I been doing in this relationship?' What have I been doing in this job?' You start to rethink everything – old stuff that your parents taught you or ideas that you believed in. It's like a complete shedding of skin and it can be painful."In addition to her recent album release, NAO will also be internationally touring beginning Dec. 6th, kicking off the first show in Tokyo, Japan. The upcoming tour dates will be posted below, should you want to experience the magic behind the name, Nao.
The new album is dope, love the song "Make it Out Alive'. Her style and voice is unique. I definitely want to see her perform live. I really feel her songs!
I want to see her live too! You know I stay at concerts lol but man…she's not coming to Texas…might have to travel for this one like I did for Doja Cat.


These parameters will play a major role in determining and/or limiting the blade bond/binder to use, blade thickness and diamond particle/abrasive size. Additional factors to be considered is blade dressing, blade exposure, feed rate, spindle speed, and supply of adequate amount of coolant in dicing zone.
When choosing the best dicing blade specification for your application, we recommend remaining objective as possible and considering all parameters discussed in this article. For most dicing blade users, blade life and cut quality is typically the most important criteria in selecting the right dicing blade for their needs. However, other factors such as consistency, unit cost, lead time/availability, technical support may have just as much priority, if not more importance in the decision making process.
When observing dicing blade consistency, we recommend considering the dicing blades Yield. Average blade that can be measured. Such as number of packages or wafers cut, linear feet or meters cut. For example, if a particular vendors dicing blade can cut up to twenty five thousand cuts, however at eighteen thousand cuts inconsistency surfaces, the yields deviate. Yield deviation negatively affects production and quality control. At the same time as dicing blades become more inconsistent, dicing saw operators must monitor the process more closely and make necessary parameter changes. These parameter changes may extend dicing blade life back to twenty five thousand cuts. However, the extra time spend adjusting could have been better utilized monitoring other machines and/or operations.
Unit cost should be directly correlated to dicing blade life in linear millimeters. For example if blade X cost eighteen thousand dollars as an example. And cuts hundred thousand of linear millimeters, then cost is $ .00018 USD per linear millimeter. On the other hand if dicing blade Y costs twenty two thousand dollars, however cuts one hundred fifty thousand linear millimeters. Actual cost is $ .00016 USD per linear millimeter. As you can see the higher cost blade is more economical to use. At first glance the Y dicing blade appears to cost four dollars more than blade X. When dicing blade yield has be evaluated, dicing blade Y saves you more money, as well as reduces operator involvement in blade change and set up time.
Material Hardness – hard & brittle materials require a softer Dicing Bond Matrix, to cut faster and freer. While softer and abrasive materials require a harder bond blade bond matrix, to last longer. Harder bond matrixes hold diamond in place for very long time, providing longer blade life. This requires use of very hard diamond particles in order for the dicing blade to maintain its sharp edges for long periods of time. Material Hardness is defined as the materials capability to resist deformation. All materials are classified by their scale of hardness. Material hardness is measured by many different hardness scales such as Mohs, Vickers, Knoop and other scales of hardness.
Material Thickness – will determine blade diameter, thickness, blade exposure ratio, dicing blade bond type, diamond size and concentration to use.
Depth of Cut - To optimize a blade's capability in cutting, always take into account the thickness of the blade, and the exposure needed to reach the required depth. Eg: .050" thick Alumina Substrate should not be cut with .0040" mil. thick blade because it is too thin of a blade for such a deep cut, it will result in deflection.
Dicing process is used in a large variety of industries and applications.
Singulation - dicing process used in semiconductor industry. Where diamond dicing blade is used for die and package separation.
Scribing – process when cutting is not completely through the material. Final separation is done by breaking.
Dicing process is also used for cutting very hard and brittle materials partially or completely through wide range of materials such as ceramics, optical glass, composites and many other materials. Dicing creates almost perfect edges, scribing allows much higher cutting speeds. Blade life is typically 2 to 4 times higher in scribing operation.
Simply, the diamond dicing blade is a cutting tool which has exposed diamond particles captured in a bond matrix each with a small cutting edge. Diamond particles are hold together with a binder such as resin bond, sintered (metal bond) or nickel bond (electroplated). The number of cutting edges which is determined by the number of diamonds (or concentration) make up the structure of the diamond blade, along with its matrix, (metal or nickel bond). The size of the diamond particle in the blade will have a direct result in on surface finish quality and material surface finish the blade leaves behind. The thickness of the blade (diamond particle plus matrix) will determine the width of the cut. Therefore, blade selection along with feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut will ultimately determine the blades success. Each diamond particles grinds away material on micro level. As the diamond crystal/particles breaks or shatters an new sharp point is formed, hence continuing the process until the blade is worn out. Blade performance is determined by bond/binders ability to retain diamond particles/crystals and release and orient their sharpest point/edge at right time and place when needed.
Why use Diamond or CBN?
Diamond is the hardest material known to man kind. When used in dicing blades, diamond grinds away material on micro (nano) level. Due to its hardness Diamond will work all types of materials from hardness of 40 on Rockwell scale and up. Diamond Blades will machine hardest material, including those materials that other conventional types of abrasives, carbide and high speed steel will not. Diamond Blades will cut faster, produce smoothes surface finish quality, provide consistent performance, & yield (cost per part) possible. Diamond hardness, wear resistance and high natural strength are unchallenged among conventional abrasives.
Hubbed Diamond Dicing blades – dicing blade is already mounted on hub, comes ready to use. Once the blade is used, it is disposed. Typically these type of blades are use din applications requiring minimal blade vibration, such as cutting silicon & germanium wafers.
Hubless Diamond dicing blade – dicing blade is placed on flange/assembly. The flange assembly. The same assembly is used all the time. Typically applications that use hubless type of diamond dicing blades where effecting cooling of blade during cutting process is very important to obtain maximum results. For some applications such as cutting silicon wafers, hubbed dicing blades offer the greatest blade life, require minimum set up time, and provide better consistency. Hubless dicing blades are more sensitive to foreign particles such a s slurry accrued from cutting wafers. Careful attention to detail should be taken in order to clean the inner and outer flanges when mounting these blades.
Blade is plated on very accurate aluminum hub, it is stiffer. Hence producing better cut quality. This can bee seen in the kerf having straight cross section and longitudinal cut through the street being straight and parallel to the street.
Hubbed type dicing blades are pre dressed, hence requiring very simple and shore dressing procedure.
High cooling flange are available, allowing water directly onto the blade. This provides better blade and substrate cooling, resulting in better cut quality and longer blade life.
Resin Bond dicing blade are typically more forgiving, self dressing, and freer cutting. Excellent choice for Ultra Hard & Brittle Materials. Recommended for applications where cut quality and surface finish is very important.
Sintered (metal bond) Dicing blades have excellent form holding & corner characteristics, provide very long life, high level of consistency. Recommended for users requiring very straight cuts and larger blade exposures.
You will find all the advantages of cutting speed and fine finish that you have come to expect in a resin bond, and long life, consistency, aggressiveness, durability, and excellent performance on you look for in a metal bond.
Nickel Bond dicing blades are available with and without hubs. Capable of maintaining excellent form & sharpness. Widely used for cutting wafers and thin substrates. Nickel Bond dicing blades provide minimum level of chipping on wide variety materials.
Sintered (metal bonded) dicing blades are recommended for cutting wide variety of materials from 45 to 75 on Rockwell Scale (5 to 9.5 on mohs scale of hardness). It is more wear resistant and holds diamond well in place, usually producing the highest yield/cutting ratio. As a general rule of thumb, Metal Bond (sintered) diamond dicing blades longer than other diamond bond blades such as resin bond and electroplated (nickel bond) blades.
Nickel Bond Dicing Blades have a high diamond concentration and give a freer, faster cutting action with minimum heat generation. Diamonds have higher protrusion ratio, staying on the surface of the cut allowing for fast material removal. Electroplated Diamond Blades last less than metal bond, resin bond, hybrid bond blades and are the least expensive diamond blades available. Silicon wafer dicing is usually done with the plated diamond blade (hubbed or hubbless) which has proven most effective for this application. The Kerfs are typically in the 1-3 mil. range using a nominal spindle speed of 30,000 RPM with feed rates as high as 8 inch per sec.
The RPM's of the machine spindle should be noted when selecting the right dicing blade specification of your application.
Spindle Speed/RPM - The RPM of your dicing saw should be variable, ranging from 10,000 to 40,000 RPM. When using standard dicing blades such as 2" 3" 4" diameter for example, blade the best spindle speed is usually determined by the hardness of your material and the depth of your cut. Diamond may break (fracture) at very high speeds, and fall out at very slow speeds. An optimum surface speed / RPM's must be selected to balance out the two disadvantages. Diamond Blade life will usually increase at slower cutting speeds. However the increase in labor costs, utilities costs, depreciation of equipment and other overhead expenses. Will usually offset the saving of diamond blade life and other consumables. Cutting Speed & Surface Finish Quality is often the most important consideration when selecting the right diamond blade for your application. The operator mush choose a balance between life of the blades and their cutting rate. Diamond has a higher impact strength than the material being machined. During the dicing operation, the diamond ruptures the material by impact. Each diamond is able to transfer the electrical power from your cutting machine, into momentum that breaks the material on nano / micro level.
By increasing power on your dicing saw, your diamond blade RPM's and surface speed will increase as well. Hence, each diamond will chip off a smaller amount of material, reducing its impact force on material being machined. And reducing cutting resistance. In theory, by increasing surface speed / RPM's, each diamond should receive a smaller impact force. However, because impact is supported by a smaller volume, the impact force with this low volume is actually increased. There is a higher probability that the diamond particles will break or shatter. Hence, cutting materials at very low surface speeds, creates a large impact force between diamond and material being machined. Although the diamond may not break, the risk that the diamond will be pulled out of diamond blade and causing premature failure of the blade increases.
Diamond is universally recognized as the hardest substance known to man. Diamond is recommended for machining hard & brittle materials, optics, semiconductor packages, advanced materials, composites, ferrous & non ferrous metallic materials from 40 on Rockwell scale and up. Diamond crystals can be synthetically grown in a wide variety of qualities, shapes and sizes. Diamond is grown with smooth crystal faces in a cubo-octahedral shape and the color is typically from light yellow to medium yellow-green. Diamond is also grown to a specific toughness, which generally increases as the crystal size decreases.
Synthetic (Men Made) Diamonds - Most frequently used for most diamond blade manufacturing including sintered (metal bond), resin bond, electroplating (nickel bond). Synthetic diamond is more consistent in particle shape, hardness, and density. Synthetic diamond has replaced natural diamond in most dicing blades applications because of its superior consistency and ability to tailor-make the diamond for the specific application.
Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) - often used for machining materials with high metallic content.
The ability of a diamond to withstand an impact load is typically referred to as diamond impact strength. Other diamond-related factors, such as crystal shape, size, inclusions and the distribution of these crystal properties, play a role in the impact strength as well. Impact strength can be measured and is commonly referred to as Toughness Index (TI). In addition, crystals are also subjected to very high temperatures during manufacturing and sometimes during the cutting process. Thermal Toughness Index (TTI) is the measure of the ability of a diamond crystal to withstand thermal cycling. Subjecting the diamond crystals to high temperature, allowing them to return to room temperature, and then measuring the change in toughness makes this measurement useful to a diamond tool manufacturer.
The manufacturer must select the right diamond based on previous experience or input from the operator in the field. This decision is based, in part, on the tool's design, bond properties, material to be cut and machine power. These factors must be balanced by the selection of diamond grade and concentration that will provide the operator with optimum performance at a suitable cost.
BOND HARDNESS – Ability of the bond matrix to hold diamonds. As the hardness of the bond is increased, its diamond retention capabilities increase as well. However the trade off is slower cutting speed. Life of the diamond blade is usually increased with hardness of its bond matrix. Bonds are designated on their scale of hardness from Soft, Medium, and Hard. There are dozens of variations and classification schemes based on bond degree of hardness or softness. Using diamond dicing blades with optimum bond hardness for your application is important to successful dicing operation. Bond matrix that is too soft for the material being cut will release diamond particles faster than needed, resulting in faster wear and shorter diamond blade life. On other hand bond matrix that is too hard will result in much slower cutting speeds and require constant dressing to expose the next diamond layer. As rule of thumb, harder materials such as sapphire and alumina generally require a softer bond. Whereas softer and more brittle materials require a harder bond.
it is very important to use blades of proper bond hardness for your dicing application. For example if dicing blade you are using has too soft of a bond hardness, diamond particles/crystals will be pulled out or fall out prematurely. Hence causing blade failure and loading. On the other hand using very hard bond dicing blade (blade that retains its diamond particles beyond their useful life) may cause burning in the material cutting zone and glazing of blades diamond section. Diamond particle size inside dicing blades bond matrix will also affect blades hardness. Lower diamond concentration will create a softer and more brittle bond. Where high diamond concentration would create more harder bond type.
The diamond mesh size in a dicing blade also directly relates to the number of crystals per carat and the free cutting capability of the dicing blade. The smaller the mesh size, the larger the diamond crystals, while larger mesh size means smaller diamond. A 30/40 Mesh blocky diamond has about 660 crystals per carat, while a 40/50 Mesh diamond will have 1,700 crystals per carat. Specifying the proper mesh size is the job of the dicing blade manufacturer. Producing the right number of cutting points can maximize dicing blade life and minimize the machine power requirements. As an example, a dicing blade manufacturer may choose to use a finer mesh size to increase the number of cutting crystals on a low concentration blade, which improves dicing blade life and power requirements.
Diamond Mesh size does have considerable effect on cutting speed. Coarse Diamonds are larger than finer diamonds and will remove more material than finer diamond particles. This means that coarse diamond dicing blades are more aggressive for material removal than the finer size diamond dicing blades and will cut faster. However, the tradeoff is increase in material micro damage. If you are cutting fragile, more delicate materials then finer mesh size diamond dicing blades are recommended. Diamond mesh size (grit size) should provide maximum removal rate at minimal acceptable finish.
Typically finder size diamond particles require more horsepower than finer size diamond particles, as well as provide more heat buildup. A good rule to follow when selecting the right diamond size for your dicing blade is to use the largest diamond size possible for particular dicing blade thickness. And decrease the diamond size until desired surface finish quality is obtained.
Diamond Concentration will play a major role in determining the life and cutting speed of your dicing blade.
Higher diamond concentration causes the blade to act harder and wear slower. Hence, higher diamond concentration is recommended and usually used for cutting softer and more abrasive types of materials. However, the trade off is significantly slower cutting speed. Since there is higher density of diamond particles in bond matrix, there is not enough space for the debris and fine powder created during dicing process to escape. Blade overloading is often a result of selecting improper diamond concentration.
Low diamond concentration dicing blade is softer and faster wearing blade, creating better cut quality and surface finish. Low diamond concentration is often recommended and widely used for cutting ultra hard and brittle materials. Lower diamond concentration has larger spacing between diamond particles and can accept more fine powder debris generated from dicing. This typically creaster faster and more freer cutting blades, leas loasing and better surface finish quality. Lower diamond concentration dicing blades will however wear out faster than their high concentration counterparts.
Diamond Concentration is usually determined by the the slowest cutting speed that is acceptable for a specific application. Optimum performance can be achieved when the diamond tool manufacturer utilizes their experience and analytical capabilities to balance diamond concentration and other factors to achieve optimum performance for the tool operator. UKAM Industrial Superhard Tools has the experience & applications laboratory to help you select all the right diamond blade variables for your unique application.
For CBN (cubic boron nitride) concentration is defined by volume. For example V120 = 12% by volume, V180 = 18% by volume.
Slotted dicing allow for better coolant circulation and chip clearance in the cut. This provides for an improved washing action of kef, reducing abrasive action of the slurry which is otherwise confined to the cutting edge area. Of even greater importance is the reduction of heat because an lager percentage of the coolant is carried to the point of contact. Excess heat will shorten the life of the blade and may cause permanent damage to the. Slots help by eliminating continuous contact between blade and material, hence proving improved coolant fro both blade and material being cut. As a blade diameter and cutting depth increase, the advantage of slotted dicing blade design over continuous rim dicing blades is apparent.
Nickel bond slotted/serrated dicing blades are standard product. Slots/serrations are also available for both resin bond and metal bond diamond dicing blades.


Classic Accessories QuadGear Black UTV Roll Cage Top is manufactured to protect against sun and bad weather. It is constructed from heavy-duty UV resistant ProtekX fabric that is corrosion and abrasion resistant. This roll cage top attaches to the roll bar with four cinch-tight straps, rip-and-grip strips and two tension panel straps. It is backed by one year warranty.
Should have looked at reviews, thing flaps all over the place and doesnt sit tight, it is cloth so water travels right through it, the thing ripped just from the wind. The seller sent a used product, box was opened with a piece of fabric wrapped around the product. Back window has a yellow streak across where you can tell tape had been sitting. Not a good seller. Product may be decent for the price if you want a sunblock.
I purchased this item and have since returned it. The vinyl windshield is blurry at best and I beleive is a safety issue as it is like driving with a dirty/blurry windshield. I found my reaction times slowed greatly. I also think there should be something to secure the windshield to the hood as there is only a strap that goes side to side that does not prevent the windshield from flapping in the wind. This was even at low speeds. I'd recommend purchasing a solid windshield. On a side note, the roof seemed fine.


text:
Home Budgets/Taxes	Chicago's Progressive Mayor Actually Abhors Progress
written by Chris Talgo February 11, 2020
Chris Talgo
Editor & Research Fellow at The Heartland Institute
Chris Talgo is editor & research fellow with The Heartland Institute. He edits a variety of Heartland's publications, including newsletters, op-eds, reports, and Research & Commentaries.
Latest posts by Chris Talgo (see all)
Sen. Rand Paul Mauled by Mob After Republican National Convention - September 2, 2020
On Education Policy, Americans Overwhelmingly Support Trump's Agenda - September 1, 2020
The Battle for America: Makers v. Takers - August 26, 2020
Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot claims to be an 'uber'-progressive politician, however, her decision to raise fees by 74 percent on rideshare services such as Uber and Lyft (which went into effect January 1, 2020) is the antithesis of so-called progressivism.
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, progressivism is defined as "a social or political movement that aims to represent the interests of ordinary people through political change and the support of government actions." Hiking fees on passengers who choose to use rideshare services in Chicago is in stark opposition to the "interests of ordinary people."
First, rideshare services—which fall under the innovative and popular "sharing economy"—are themselves the embodiment of progress. Since the arrival of Uber and Lyft (as well as Airbnb), millions of Chicagoans have decided they would rather use these convenient, efficient services instead of public transport or taxi cabs.
In Chicago alone, rideshare use has skyrocketed by more than 270 percent in recent years, according to the Mayor's office. It is blatantly obvious that a large number of residents and visitors to the Windy City prefer opening an app on their smartphone to dialup an Uber or Lyft, as opposed to trying to hail a taxi or riding public transportation.
Uber spokeswoman Kelley Quinn put the issue in succinct terms during the debate over the new fees. According to Quinn, "As a candidate, the mayor said she was committed to equity, yet she is proposing to hike taxes by nearly 80 percent on underserved communities who do not contribute to congestion and lack reliable access to transportation."
Why would the mayor of Chicago seek to punish these patrons by forcing them to pay more money to the city for the privilege of operating in its jurisdiction? If Lightfoot actually sought to represent the interests of the people, she would reduce, not raise, taxes on rideshare passengers.
Second, if the mayor cared about protecting ordinary Chicagoans, she would not be encouraging them to ride the city's public transport instead of an Uber or Lyft. For those of us who live near or in Chicago (including this author), we are well aware of the violence and hazards that people experience all too often while riding Chicago's "L" system or public buses.
In fact, this past summer, crime on the Chicago Transit Authority's L system spiked by more than 60 percent. No wonder riders are choosing Uber and Lyft to get around the city. In Chicago, riding public transportation can literally be life-threatening.
Third, Lightfoot ought to be well aware that Chicagoans already face one of the highest tax burdens in the nation. According to Truth in Accounting, Chicago's taxpayer burden is a mind-boggling $38,100 per taxpayer. Once again, how can Lightfoot justify raising fees on Chicagoans when they already are under an all-out attack from city tax collectors? In short, she cannot.
No doubt, politics plays a pivotal role in Lightfoot's latest tax hike. Keep in mind, while the mayor was busy excoriating rideshare services, she lowered the fee for taxi medallion renewals from $1,000 to $500. Could the mayor be placating to the taxi drivers union? You can decide that for yourself.
Lightfoot is frantically trying to plug the Windy City's $838 million budget gap. To do so, she has pushed for a horde of new taxes and fees. Unfortunately, many of these taxes—especially rideshare taxes—are regressive taxes that disproportionately impact hardworking Chicagoans.
Chicagoans are desperate for relief from the taxman. On the other hand, Chicago's politicians—including Mayor Lightfoot— are desperate to put a Band-Aid on the city's gushing budget gap.
Apparently, Mayor Lightfoot is willing to cast aside her progressive values in a rather desperate attempt to tackle the city's out-of-control debt by nickel and diming her constituents. Sadly, in Chicago, desperate times call for desperate measures.
Chicago's Progressive Mayor Actually Abhors Progress was last modified: February 11th, 2020 by Chris Talgo
ChicagoLori LightfootlyftMayorride sharingTaxesUber
The Perpetually Offended are Coming to Your Workplace
AOC Finally Has Bipartisan Idea
In The Tank (ep119) – Eucalyptus Trees, TN Pork Report, Bail Reform, and the Life of an Alarmist
Cause of Illinois Pension Crisis: Rise in Benefits, Not Shortfall in Funding
Heartland Weekly – Four Glaring Examples of the Socialist Agenda
Heartland Weekly – Watch Heartland's Climate Debate in NYC on Monday Night
Stories from the Must-Read Heartlander Digital Magazine
Net Neutrality: The Left Is Always Wrong – So Stop Listening To Them
Sin Taxes Harm Public Health, Pocketbooks
The Unintended Consequences of Energy Mandates and Subsidies on America's Civil Nuclear Fleet
The Stock Market Hedges Against Warren
Chris Christie's 'Sin Tax' on E-cigs Would Burn Quitters
Leftism Is A Luxury Good And Its Awful Price Will One Day Be Due January 13, 2021
The new Democratic coalition of woke and wealthy find it fashionable to discard the time-tested values that built America and made it a success.


text:
Evergestis mimounalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in the Middle Atlas and High Atlas mountains in Morocco.

The wingspan is about 30 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is white with dark brown suffusion at the base in the middle and at the margin. The hindwings are whitish dark brown. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to September.

References

Moths described in 1922
Evergestis
Moths of Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bohunice is a municipality and village in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 50 inhabitants.

Bohunice lies approximately  north of Prachatice,  north-west of České Budějovice, and  south of Prague.

References

Villages in Prachatice District


text:
FeaturedGeology & HistoryHikingOtherOutdoor ActivitiesRoutes & ItinerariesUncategorized
Hiking Arizona's Highest Mountain, Humphrey's Summit
written by John Begay October 2, 2017
The San Francisco Peaks rise like an island in the desert as you approach Flagstaff, Arizona. The small range is in fact the remnant of a dormant volcano, and home to trails that take hikers, runners, and explorers to breathtakingly beautiful locations overlooking the painted desert and Grand Canyon. It's Aspen clad terrain is surprisingly more cool and shaded than what people expect to find in Arizona.
It contains the State's highest point, Humphrey's Peak. Humphrey's stands at 12,633 feet in elevation and it's Summit is a challenging and beautiful trail to conquer.
Access to the trailhead going up to Humphrey's Peak starts in a parking lot at the ski resort, SnowBowl. The trail is roughly around 5-miles one way to the top, making it a 10-mile round trip adventure. It is very rugged with volcanic rocks and tree roots encompassing the route. Elevation gain from the parking lot to the top of Humphrey's Peak is around 3400 feet. Very experienced hikers and runners are preferred for this trail and acclimated to the elevation. The time duration it takes a typical person to complete the trail is between 6-8 hours. More experienced hikers and runners completing the trail can range between 3-5 hours.
Walking through the aspen trees along the trail
Once on the trail, it winds through a mixed coniferous forest. The landscape surrounding the trail is heavy vegetated. One will see Ponderosa Pine, Aspen, and Douglas Fur trees through almost the entire route. After the first three miles of the trail, the tree line is exposed and the landscape at this point turns into rocky terrain with tundra and flowers growing in the surrounding gravel. This section gets steep with a few sections climbing over a few boulders that connects to a saddle between two of the peaks above, Humphrey's and Agazzi's Peak.
Approaching the saddle between Humphrey's and Agassiz's Peak is close to 11,000 feet in elevation.The landscape is mostly boulders and gravel deposits.The ecosystem has changed to a tundra environment. At this point on the trail, some mild climbing becomes involved to continue up the path to Humphrey's Peak. The trail is marked by rock cairns. Wind speeds will often increase at this elevation and the temperature varies from warm to freezing. Bringing a warm layer of clothing is recommended. The trail will meander for the remainder of the path. The views become more spectacular above the tree line
Looking into the west direction on top of Humphrey's Peak at sunrise.
Finally, arriving at the highest point in Arizona is reached. 12,633 feet in elevation. Locations visible from the top vary from Sedona to the Navajo Reservation, all the way out to the Grand Canyon National Park. A lot of avid hikers and runners attempt to reach the top of the peak before sunrise, to catch the shadow of the mountain in the western direction. It is also a good hike to wonder through the Aspen trees, once their leave colors change to a golden color during the fall season in October.
Sunrise on top Humphrey's Peak.
Hike smart on the mountain. Acclimating to the elevation takes awhile here in Flagstaff, Arizona. Take breaks and bring water to be more comfortable on the mountain. Directions to the trail going up Humphrey's Peak is provided in the link here. Be aware of weather conditions as lightning has been known to claim the lives of unprepared hikers who were not expecting weather to move in quickly. (Humphrey's).
Panoramic view on top Humphrey's Peak
Hiking Arizona's Highest Mountain, Humphrey's Summit was last modified: October 30th, 2017 by John Begay
arizonaFlagstaffhighest mountain in azhikes near grand canyonHikingHumphrey's Peaknorthern arizona hikesSan Francisco Peakssnowbowl hike
Exploring Lava River Cave Near Flagstaff
Seriously Amazing Things to See on Your Way to Grand Canyon
How to Book Permits to Havasupai
Tonto National Monument
Which Antelope Canyon Tour Should I Do?
286 Miles of Peace on the Colorado...
Top Sunset Spots at the Grand Canyon
The Ultimate Guide to a Grand Canyon...
Nigel William October 26, 2017 at 12:53 am
Hi, John! This is an amazing article. You took some breathtaking photos (shadow of a mountain is amazing!). You gave some really important information and life-saving pieces of advice. I was wondering, is there anything you would like you knew before going on this hike?


text:
Why OA
"I used to be a strong man, but now I am not": Gendered Vulnerabilities and Harms
Philipp Schulz
Affiliation: University of Bremen, DE
Chapter from the book: Schulz, P. 2020. Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence: Perspectives from Northern Uganda.
International Relations Sociology
Schulz, P. 2020. "I used to be a strong man, but now I am not": Gendered Vulnerabilities and Harms. In: Schulz, P, Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence. California: University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.95.d
Published on Nov. 24, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.95.d
University of California Press 155 Grand Ave, Suite 400, Oakland, CA, 94612
University of California Press is one of the top publishers for the academic community. For more than 120 years, it has championed work that influences public discourse and challenges the status quo in multiple fields of study.


text:
Interested in receiving our monthly newsletter to update you on events, programs, field trips, and projects? Click here to subscribe!
TK - 3 Team
4-5 Team
Middle School Team
Accountability & Governance
Hands On.
Minds Open.
Hearts In!
Enrollment is Open! Inscripciones Abiertas!
Presiona AQUÍ para saber más
Connect Enrollment Video (1).mp4
Connect Community Charter School635 Oakside Avenue, Redwood City, CA 94063
Office hours: 8am to 4pm when school is in session
Phone: (650) 482 2426 Email: office@connectrwc.org
Our campus is near the corner of Oakside Avenue and Fair Oaks Avenue. It is located on the Fair Oaks campus.
Although we are co-located with KIPP charter school, we have a separate entrance and office.
Look for the Connect green!
Connect does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion (creed), gender, gender expression, age, national origin, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, or military status, in any of its activities or operations. These activities include, but are not limited to, staffing, enrollment of students, selection of volunteers and visitors, and provision of services. We are committed to providing an inclusive and welcoming environment for all staff, students, families, volunteers, and visitors.
Copyright © Connect Community Charter School. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Privacy Policy


Tire Tips is back. In conjunction with Tire Safety Week (May 21-28), Yokohama Tire's ongoing instructional video series returns with 10 new segments that are posted at https://www.facebook.com/yokohamatirecorp/videos/.
-- Why are Speed Ratings So Important?
-- On the Front or Rear?
-- When is a Tire Repairable and When is it Not?


Kristen Tam has been trying to help the environment since she learned about the impact the agricultural industry has on the environment during her sophomore year. This knowledge, fueled by her AP environmental science class, lit a spark in her that is still burning. Now, the co-president of the ECO club and activist for waste reduction on campus has a new project: Meatless Mondays.
This idea, serving a meat-free school lunch every other Monday, is something Tam and the Green Menu Day Team has been working on since last spring. The goal of meatless Mondays is simple: it's to lessen Lowell's environmental impact by reducing the amount of meat consumed by Lowell students.
The project began when Tam was on the San Francisco Youth Commission (SFYC). She began looking into environmental policies that our school district and city could implement in order to become more sustainable. She discovered a program that the Los Angeles School District implemented in 2012 which had schools serve vegetarian meals every Monday.
Tam decided she wanted to start the program in high schools in San Francisco and contacted the Student Advisory Committee (SAC). A similar resolution had been presented by a group of Girl Scouts the year before, but they never followed through with enacting it. The resolution was up for grabs and Tam took it over. The ECO Club edited the resolution and sent out a student survey to see who would be willing to participate. According to Tam, the survey had 70 percent positive results from students. However, the SAC felt the need for more data. Most of the feedback has been form Lowell students and not the whole district which was not a broad enough pool. "they [the SAC] said let's table this and then survey everyone, once we get the feedback move on from there," Tam said.
Even when implemented, the plan will probably not be as environmentally friendly as Tam wanted. According to Lauren Heumann, Tam's contact in Student Nutrition, students would not eat a fully vegetarian meal. "They want try to highlight a vegetarian meal and have sustainable meat option, too," Tam said. Through the survey she recently released, she wants to prove that students would chose the vegetarian meal.
The Meatless Mondays campaign is just about to get started here at Lowell, and Tam is optimistic about its success. She feels that if people keep an open mind, our society can move forward to becoming more green; all they need is a push in the right direction. "People see the need to protect our world and want to do the right thing, they just want to make sure that it is easy and convenient," Tam said.
Rae Wymer is a current freshmen at Lowell. She is an extrovert with social anxiety who is a pragmatist with a pessimistic sense of humor. As of right now she has no major prior works to speak of, but that will soon change...hopefully. Her limited free time is spent at swim practice, writing about morally ambiguous characters, and debating politics with peers.


text:
The answers to all your frequently asked questions about clean wood energy in Southland, New Zealand. Brought to you be Venture Southland and the EECA.
Q: How will the proposed clean air regulation changes affect you?
A: The review of the Region Air Plan for commercial and industrial users has not started yet so the outcome is unknown. However, any changes will affect end users. If you already hold an air discharge consent, you will not be required to meet any new stardards unless it expires or you make changes to your existing boiler.
Q: How can wood energy be considered clean?
A: Wood energy is renewable and carbon neutral. Carbon is absorbed by growing trees and released when the wood is burned or when it rots. So using wood energy neither increases nor decreases the amount of carbon cycling in the atmosphere - unlike digging up old, sequestered carbon in the form of oil and gas and releasing it.
Wood energy is cleaner than coal because it generates fewer particulate emissions (PM10, PM2.5, 'smog'), sulphur dioxide and toxic heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury are all by-products of coal combustion). Therefore the greater uptake of wood to replace coal in Southland, the cleaner the air in Southland.
Q: Is wood energy sustainable?
Q: Where will it come from?
A: Southland has a significant forestry and wood processing industry, which generates an estimated 300,000 tonnes of wood waste a year that can be used for energy. There is no shortage of waste residue in Southland for wood energy.
Q: Is it a virgin timber or a by-product?
A: Wood chips and pellets ultilise waste wood or by-products.
Q: What does it cost to convert?
A: The initial cost can be more expensive than LPG or diesel but comparative to new coal boilers. However, over the life of the boiler, it becomes more cost effective against LPG and diesel because the fuel price for woodchip is much cheaper. Please contact us for more detailed information.
Q: How does it compete cost wise with other fuels sources?
A: While Southland has historically had cheap coal and lignite, in many cases wood can deliver the same or cheaper cost of energy.
Q: Can I convert my current coal boiler to woodchip?
A: In many cases the answer is yes! But there are several alterations that need to be made. This includes safety burnback prevention, increased over-air for combustion and removal of below air intake, and increased auger feeder for woodchip.
Q: How easy is it to convert?
A: It is much easier to convert an existing coal boiler because the infrastructure is already in place. It really depends on the site and having sufficient space for storage, truck deliveries and the boiler house. Contact us for more information.
Q: What are the prices?
A: Woodchip is very competitive against diesel, LPG or electricity offering very good return on investment figures. If you have an existing coal boiler, you will need to have a full life cycle assessment to determine the outcome as comparing on price only is not recommended for coal.
Q: Why is Southland promoting it?
A: Because it is good for Southland's environment and the economy, which can only be good for the community. Plus it is a cost effective solution for commercial premises given they will be more than likely obligated to make changes because of the air regulation changes coming into effect over the next few years.
Q: Who supplies boilers?
A: See a full list here.
Q: Who supplies wood fuel?
A: Local sawmills and fuel suppliers. See a full list here.
Q: What is the first steps?
A: The first step to implementing a wood fuel system in your organisation is to complete a feasibility assessment. This will outline whether the project is economically viable; as well as giving projections on emission reductions, and options in fuel supply. This assessment can be done in house, or outsourced to consultants. Wood Energy South has a list of preferred service providers that can undertake this work and utilse funding available (up to 50% of cost or $15,000) See a full list here.
Q: Is there anyone else using this and what do they think?
A: Yes, there are currently several wood energy users utilising wood chip, pellet and residue and both purpose built and converted heat plants. Please see our case studies here
Q: What effect will wood energy have on the Southland community?
A: It will be better for Southland's environment and will hopefully keep the money within the local community and create new jobs.


text:
Mustard Seed Meals
April 04, 2019 About Us, Foundation
For several years now, volunteers in Edmonton have been cooking in large quantities to serve dinners to the clients of the Mustard Seed.
The Mustard Seed is a safe and supportive place where people experiencing poverty and homelessness can have their immediate needs met through basic services on a drop-in basis. The organization aims to help people begin to heal and grow mentally, emotionally, and spiritually for a better life down the road.
About four times a year, a group of our Foundation volunteers gathers in Mustard Seed's kitchen for about three hours to accomplish everything from set up, cooking and serving a quality meal, chatting with the diners, right through to a proper cleanup of the kitchen at the end of the night.
The most recent meal they made was on March 7, 2019.
"We made Caesar salad, oven-roasted seasoned chicken breast, croutons with dill and olive oil, and white rice," says Sanghee Hong, a civil engineering technologist at the Edmonton branch. "We also served buttered buns and two-bite brownies for dessert."
Sanghee (pictured at left, with her friend, Hewon) has been participating in this initiative for the last two years, and led the organization of this particular evening.
"We all lead this event," clarifies Sanghee. "People like Bruce Drake, Anton Bester and Mark Taylor normally volunteer for the hardest work – the dishes – and let the rest of us take lighter tasks that have the most joyful moments of sharing happiness."
Bruce Drake, a project manager for Urban Systems Surveys and the Edmonton branch's Foundation core connector (pictured right), predicted Sanghee would spread the credit for the initiative's success to colleagues.
"Sanghee did a fantastic job organizing the evening, though she will probably be too humble to admit it," says Bruce.
Deborah, the Mustard Seed's meal facilitator, has become a reliable partner to the Foundation team, supporting their ability to make the evening's activities go smoothly.
"She always plans a special meal for the volunteers to prepare, and shows great caring toward Urban Systems employees, their friends and families," says Sanghee.
"There are also special team members like Jeff Ku, Jared Halter, Peter Mandziuk and Meaghan Joliceur," Sanghee continues to commend her colleagues. "They are the ones always keen to raise their hands and fill vacant positions whenever we're low on volunteers. We can always rely on Judi Corno from our Kamloops office to send event funds on time, and she includes kind words to encourage our team."
Sanghee's highlight for the evening was the seamless cooperation within the diverse team of volunteers.
"No matter the language challenges from non-English speakers, or the range of ages from one of our colleagues' not-yet-born baby to another colleagues' mom, and all of the different backgrounds, we all share a great appreciation of the opportunities we are living with and recognize our capacity to help the community and develop stronger bonds within our group," shares Sanghee.
Water resources engineer, Nicolas Abarca, and his wife, Jenny, were among the volunteers.
"It's always good to be able to give something back to our community, and the Mustard Seed program allows us to do just that," shares Nicolas. "The entire night is a blast, especially when we get to serve the meal and interact with the folks. It's a humbling and life-changing experience."
Geomatics project associate, Jingjing Dou, has brought her boyfriend James to volunteer at the Mustard Seed many times. On this occasion, she also brought her mom, Yumei, who is visiting from China and doesn't speak English.
"It was a brand new experience for my mom," says Jingjing. "She learnt some words like 'soy sauce' and 'rice' and said she could do this every day!"
Others volunteering on that evening were Brendan Kelly and Teri Lefebvre.
Over the years, this initiative has become a very important one for the Edmonton team, and they feel a particular commitment and responsibility to participate in it.
"This program couldn't be available if no one wanted to share their time and effort volunteering for it," says Sanghee. "Fortunately, so many of our colleagues show their interest and kindness towards this event."
Continuing to be humble about the effort it takes to organize volunteers and ensure the success of a meal at the Mustard Seed, Sanghee shares how she feels about being involved.
"Scheduling volunteering dates with the Mustard Seed and inviting members to volunteer is the simplest slice of the bigger pie. The greatest part is to share this event together with colleagues and their friends and families. It makes us bond strongly and share our warmth with people that might not receive much on a normal day. I always feel grateful to join in on this opportunity."
Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery
Urban Systems Named a 2019 Best Workplace™ for Women


The dinosaurs from "Jurassic World" have invaded Dairy Queen, and they're bringing with them a smashing new Blizzard treat, the Jurassic Smash Blizzard! For this frosty snack, Dairy Queen smashes together creamy vanilla soft serve ice cream with gooey cookie dough, peanut butter cookie bits and real chocolate pieces. The flavor combination is humongous and we really enjoyed taking a bite out of this frozen indulgence. The peanut butter, chocolate and cookie dough with cold vanilla ice cream combo really hits it out of the park!
So aside from smashing things, what does this Blizzard have to do with the new movie? The answer is that it tastes DINOmite!


text:
Greg Laurie Tests 'POSITIVE' after The White House Event
At least eight other attendees are reported to be positive for coronavirus after attending The White House rose garden event. Among the President and The First Lady's results, The White House released photos that indicated attendees who were unmasked in the Rose Garden Crowd. READ MORE
Coronavirus vaccine may possibly come early as Easter in U.K
Coronavirus vaccine going through FDA so it could be approved soon as possible. The vaccination will most likely be from Oxford University and will be used in order of essential workers and elders. "if the country's 53 million adults were all to be vaccinated with two doses within six months, it would mean 600,000 jabs being given every single day. To do the same in three months, it would require 1.2 million doses a day." READ MORE
Mike Pence tests 'NEGATIVE' he will continue his duties in the White House
Pence tested negative and plans to maintain his usual work for the upcoming days. Mike Pence is next in line for the presidency if there are health issues upon President Donald Trump. Pence's personal physician, Dr. Jesse Schonau also announced a statement on Friday explaining Pence is 'not required for a quarantine.'READ MORE
Former drug addict comes before God and heals others
Wearing costumes such as Captain America and fairy wings, his mugshots went viral and drew attention. Hobbs mentioned he already had several run-ins with the law and was on probation for a grand larceny conviction. Charged with burglary and held on a $25,000 bond, Hobbs also carried 4 DUIs. READ MORE
Sadie Rob overcame her insecurities on media by having faith in God
"I remember praying and saying, God, I think you chose the wrong person. This makes me nervous. This makes me insecure. This is not something I'm thriving in. Then the Lord said something so sweet to my heart. I just felt like God was saying, 'I'm not calling you to be this perfect person. I'm actually just calling you to be a sister and a friend to those who don't have a sister and a friend.' READ MORE
Mike Pence sends prayers to Trump after COVID
Following the news regarding their 'positive' results, Pence shared on Twitter blessing the President with millions joining across America to pray for their health. Mike Pence will be at the debate and continue to work with his usual schedule with no concern. READ MORE
San Francisco allows indoor worship after the protest
Announced by the San Francisco's Mayor, the new guideline of the City now allows 25% of capacity, up to 100 people to be allowed inside the church for in-person service. The petition also surpassed 35,000 signatures on Tuesday. READ MORE
Iran took away couple's daughter for following Jesus
Following Jesus, the couple was already 'emotionally attached' to the 18-month old baby daughter, Lydia. By following Jesus, Christians in Iran such as Sam and Maryam face hardship due to the consequences they provide.READ MORE
China sentenced a Christian bookseller to seven years in jail
The bookstore owner is now charged with 'illegal Business Operation' and Yu's phone will also be confiscated by the Chinese authorities. Chinese persecution never ceased to decrease and continues to emerge within China and other communist areas. READ MORE
Trump targets African-American's votes by funding by $500B 'Platinum Plan'
Donald Trump compared and contrasted between his plan for the African American community and Joe Biden's proposals arguing the former vice president 'inflicted' damage on the Black community over the last 47 years. Although there were conflicts between Trump and the 'BLM' Movement, the pillars of the plan in broad terms and among other proposals said Trump would re build-up 'peaceful' urban neighborhoods with the 'highest standards', bringing fairness into the justice system. READ MORE
Judge refuses to hold John MacArthur in contempt without trial
"We are pleased that Judge Beckloff indicated he agreed with the major points that we made on behalf of Pastor MacArthur and Grace Community Church and we are very gratified that the judge's ruling today reflects that he appreciates the importance of the constitutionally protected rights at issue in this case." READ MORE
John MacArthur holds indoor services after judge agrees to full trial
Pastor John MacArthur in Grace Community Church has continued to hold indoor worship services in defiance of restrictions on large indoor gatherings. Although the judge allowed and recommended outdoor services, the church ignored the order and continued to follow up with indoor Sunday services as usual. Grace Community Church resumed onsite worship services starting from July 26 and has continued to hold them after the Court issued the preliminary injunction prohibiting them from legally having service indoors. READ MORE
Family of 7 test 'POSITIVE' after storm demolished their home
Matthew Graham stated he started the cough at first thinking it was the effect of a cloudy smoke. Later, it came down as flu-like symptoms. Jessica Graham stated she was babysitting their 10-year-old Claudia, 7-year-old twins Zoe and Adele, and 5-year-old Darius when she was affected by coronavirus. The family mentioned they might've caught the coronavirus a week before the storm crashed into their home. READ MORE
Baby born weighing 1 pound now inspiring others!
Newsner and Facebook reported she was graduated from the incubator to the crib after a couple of months and nothing held her back from freely leaving the hospital. Tru Beare was known to be battling with Necrotizing Enterocolitis, two blood clots, chronic lung disease, MRSA, retinopathy, two blood infections including sepsis- a congenital heart defect, and seven blood transfusions. READ MORE
Florida Gov. allows businesses to operate fully with no capacity including outdoor activities
According to the report, hospitalization for COVID-19 has decreased 76% from the peak compared to the beginning of the pandemic. The cases in Florida are known to be dropped steadily now and now are waiting to see more interaction. "Schools have opened, all the theme parks are open, more people have visited." READ MORE


text:
Álvaro Flórez Estrada (Pola de Somiedo, Astúries, 1765 - 1853), economista, advocat i polític asturià. Va ser un dels economistes més distingits del seu temps i no perd actualitat.

Estudia humanitats a Grado i Dret en la Universitat d'Oviedo i es trasllada a Madrid, on es fa magistrat. Als trenta anys va ser nomenat per Manuel Godoy, tresorer general del Regne, càrrec que, després d'algun temps, va acabar per renunciar, en considerar el seu càrrec incompatible amb les conviccions liberals que professava. Retirat a Pola de Somiedo, la Junta General del Principat li nomena, en 1798, el seu procurador general.

Quan el 1808 es produeix l'aixecament d'Astúries contra Napoleó, ell, que intueix que «la lluita contra l'invasor no té sentit si no és al mateix temps una revolució política», redacta la Proclama de la Junta i també la Carta d'aquesta demanant ajuda al rei d'Anglaterra. En ser dissolta la Junta pel Marquès de la Romana, Flórez Estrada escapa a Sevilla per denunciar l'ocorregut a la Junta Suprema Central. Es queda a Sevilla i a Cadis; redacta un esbós de Constitució liberal, encara que monàrquica. Es marxa a Londres, i allí exposa el seu ideari en les publicacions que fa el 1810 sobre la Introducción para la historia de la revolución de España i sobre lExamen imparcial de las disensiones de la América con España.

El 1812 va ser diputat de les Corts de Cadis. A Cadis funda un periòdic liberal, i en 1813 és nomenat Intendent Militar a Andalusia. Abandona el seu càrrec al cap de poc i es dedica a l'estudi de la història, les llengües i l'economia.

La seva participació en les Corts de Cadis i en societats maçòniques l'obliguen a fugir d'Espanya el 1814 quan la tornada de Ferran VII amenaça de condemnar-lo a mort, exiliant-se en Londres. La seva estada allí li permet entrar en contacte amb els economistes anglesos (David Ricardo, James Mill i Adam Smith) introduint a Espanya les seves idees. També va ser a Roma a oferir Carles IV la reposició en el tron si acceptava una monarquia constitucional. El 1818 va redactar una transcendental Representación al rey en defensa de las Cortes, que es va imprimir a Londres el 1819 i quan fou divulgada a Espanya va contribuir a renovar l'entusiasme pel règim constitucional i que va preparar el camí perquè Rafael de Riego decidís el seu alçament militar l'1 de gener de 1820, a Las Cabezas de San Juan.

Proclamada, de nou, la Constitució, va tornar a Espanya. Va intentar portar a la pràctica algun dels seus teòrics plans econòmics i industrials i va ser elegit diputat a Corts per Astúries. Al Congrés s'oposarà al projecte d'abolir les Societats patriòtiques, perquè ell defensa sempre la llibertat: «llibertat d'impremta, llibertat política, llibertat civil, llibertat de duanes, llibertat de comerç, llibertat de parlar i llibertat de tot serà el seu etern i més dolç cantar», s'ha escrit d'ell. Ja sense representació a les Corts, va redactar el 1822, amb Martínez Marina, el primer projecte del Codi Penal espanyol i el 3 de març de 1823 és nomenat ministre d'estat. Però, al mes següent, l'arribada dels Cent Mil Fills de Sant Lluís el va forçar a embarcar a Gibraltar per exiliar-se, de nou, a Londres.

Durant aquest nou exili, que durarà deu anys, publicà els llibres d'economia Efectos producidos en Europa por la baja en el producto de las minas de plata, Examen de la crisis comercial de Inglaterra i Curso completo de economía política.

Va tornar a Espanya a la mort de Ferran VII i va intervenir, de nou, en política. Representa Astúries a totes les legislatures des de 1834 fins a 1840. Defensa les idees amortitzadores de Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, encara que no els seus mètodes. Publica, referent a això, el seu treball Sobre la enajenación de los bienes nacionales (1836). Va proposar el repartiment de les terres desamoritzades a la pagesia. Escriu diversos llibres més sobre economia, com a Elementos de Economía Política. El 1846 és nomenat senador vitalici i, ancià de vuitanta-set anys, mor al palau de Miraflores de Noreña el 16 de desembre de 1853. El seu nom està inscrit al monument que Oviedo té dedicat als economistes i hisendistes asturians. Un petit, però notable, retrat seu, per un anònim anglès pot veure's al Museu de Belles Arts d'Astúries.

Va escriure un llibre de text que va ser estudiat en tot l'àmbit de la llengua espanyola durant anys.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Fundación Álvaro Flórez Estrada

Diputats asturians al Congrés dels Diputats
Economistes asturians
Ministres asturians del Govern d'Espanya
Diputats a les Corts de Cadis
Alumnes de la Universitat d'Oviedo
Morts al Principat d'Astúries


A step by step guide to explain the process for modifying legal decision-making and/or parenting time in Arizona.
Parenting time refers to the physical component of child custody in Arizona. It is the time each parent spends with his or her children pursuant to the court order.
Some tips to make coparenting during the holidays easier and less stressful.
In Barron v. Barron, the Arizona Court of Appeals reversed the family court's parenting time determination because it was based on impermissible presumptions about equal parenting time and gender.
Legal decision-making refers to a parent's legal authority to make certain types of important decisions for his or her children. It does not affect parenting time.


text:
Biography:Herbert Parker (scientist)
Herbert M. Parker (13 April 1910, Accrington – 5 March 1984, Richland, Washington) was an English, and American immigrant, medical physicist. He was a pioneer of medical radiation therapy and radiation safety, known for introducing the roentgen equivalent physical (rep), the forerunner of the gray and the rad, and also the roentgen equivalent biological (reb), the forerunner of the rem and the sievert.[1]
After receiving an M.S. in physics from the University of Manchester in 1931, Parker became a medical physicist at the Christie Hospital and the Holt Radium Institute in Manchester. With James R. Paterson, he developed in 1932 the Paterson-Parker method, or Manchester System, for radiation therapy. The method allows physicians to use radium needles or tubes to maximize the radiation dose delivered to a cancerous tumour whilst minimizing the dose to healthy tissue.[2][3] In 1938 Parker immigrated to the U.S.A. to begin work at the Swedish Hospital in Seattle, where he worked with the radiologist Simeon T. Cantril on Supervoltage Therapy research at the Tumor Institute. In 1942 Parker went to the University of Chicago to work on the Manhattan Project at the "Metallurgical Laboratory." In 1943 he went to Oak Ridge National Laboratory to establish the health physics program for the U.S. atomic energy program. In 1944 Parker returned to the state of Washington to initiate the health physics program at the Hanford Laboratories. In 1947 he became manager of operations and research in radiological science. In 1956 he was promoted to become the overall manager at the Hanford Laboratories, holding this position until 1965 when operation of Hanford Laboratories was transferred from GE to Battelle Memorial Institute.
Working with James Ralston Kennedy Paterson, developed the Paterson-Parker rules for the Radium Dosage System also known as the Manchester system.[4][5][6]
In 1978 Parker was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. He was made a Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the British Institute of Physics. He received in 1955 the Janeway Medal of the American Radium Society.[7]
↑ Kathren, Ronald L. (July 1984). "Obituary: Herbert M. Parker". Physics Today 37 (7): 85. doi:10.1063/1.2916337. http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v37/i7/p85_s1?bypassSSO=1.
↑ "Herbert M. Parker". Memorial Tributes from National Academy of Engineering. National Academies Press. 1989. pp. 278–283. http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309039398/html/278-283.htm.
↑ "Herbert Parker, Radiation Safety, EHS – Resources & Links – Figures in Radiation History, Michigan State University Office of Radiation, Chemical, and Biological Safety". http://www.orcbs.msu.edu/radiation/resources_links/historical_figures/parker.htm.
↑ Paterson-Parker dosage system. (2009). Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Retrieved May 23, 2015 from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Paterson-Parker+dosage+system
↑ Paterson, Ralston, and Herbert M. Parker. (1934). "A dosage system for gamma ray therapy." The British Journal of Radiology. 7(82): 592-632.
↑ Paterson, Ralston, and Herbert M. Parker. (1938). "A dosage system for interstitial radium therapy." The British Journal of Radiology. 11(124): 252-266.
↑ "Janeway Lectures | American Radium Society". http://www.americanradiumsociety.org/past-meetings/janeway-lectures/.
Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biography:Herbert_Parker_(scientist)&oldid=351444"
Manhattan Project people
Health physicists
Health Physics Society


Full service European carrier operating a fleet of Embraer aircraft from our Hub at London City and across UK regions on BA services. Fully-owned subsidiary of British Airways.
All services operate as BA with Business/Economy product.


text:
Bill Pullman in "Othello." (Photo by Odd Mehus)
Global | Interviews | March 2015 February 5, 2015 Rob Weinert-Kendt	2 Comments
Bill Pullman Plays Othello as a Stranger in a Strange Land (Norway)
Language and culture, not race, are the faultlines in a new adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy by Norwegian director Stein Winge.
By Rob Weinert-Kendt
We all think we know the drill when dealing with a trio of problematic Shakespeare plays that, while they show no signs of going away, routinely require some reframing or contextualization in our ostensibly more enlightened age. Some special attention must be paid when you're staging The Taming of the Shrew, to adjust its retrograde gender views; The Merchant of Venice, to temper its slightly queasy, semi-sympathetic depiction of anti-Semitism; and Othello, to moderate its touchy treatment of race, in particular blackness.
But while Shrew and Merchant are irreducibly about gender and anti-Semitism, might Othello in fact be more about cultural difference than racial essence? The exact provenance of Shakespeare's "Moor of Venice" has kept scholars debating for centuries, though it seems clear that the earliest interpretations cast him as a sub-Saharan African, not a North African Arab or Berber. And Shakespeare's text does refer to his color (black) and his "thick lips."
Ever since Edmund Kean's 1814 Othello, there has been a robust counter-tradition of portraying him as an Arab. Whether black or Arab, though, Othello has most frequently been embodied by white actors in brown- or blackface—a lamentable practice that continued as late as the 1990s. Now, at least in the U.S., African-American actors (with a few notable exceptions) have laid claim to the role, for better or worse.
Upstate New York-born Bill Pullman, known on film and TV for playing everyguys and the occasional head of state but onstage for edgier fare (including The Jacksonian and The Goat), would seem to be the unlikeliest of Othellos. The idea stemmed from a stroll through Times Square a few years ago with Stein Winge, a Norwegian director he once worked with at the Los Angeles Theatre Center, and whose work he has traveled to Bergen to see. The pair noticed a billboard for the Netflix series "Lilyhammer," in which a New Jersey gangster played by Steven Van Zandt is stranded in a small Norwegian town where the language barrier is steep. Winge wondered: What if Othello were the story of an American Navy man adrift in Norway? And what if his confusion and isolation grew not from racial alienation but from that disconnect? At the very least, they agreed, the concept was worth talking about—and it could give Pullman a chance to dig into a role few white, English-speaking actors would even dare to approach.
Fast-forward to Feb. 7, 2015: Winge's production of Othello, starring Pullman and featuring frank, contemporary dialogue in both English and Norwegian, opens at Bergen's National Stage, where it continues through March 14. The actor and director met with me late last year in the lobby of the Signature Theatre, where Pullman was performing in the New Group's acclaimed revival of David Rabe's Sticks and Bones, to talk about their impending project. This is an edited transcript of our conversation.
ROB WEINERT-KENDT: You two go way back, don't you?
STEIN WINGE: We did Barabbas by De Ghelderode at LATC—it's a fantastic play. But I remember one of the reviews in a small paper in L.A. said, "This director must never come back to the U.S.A. He must be stopped."
How did this Othello come about?
BILL PULLMAN: My wife and I went to Norway a year ago for the first time so I could see The Wild Duck, directed by Stein.
WINGE: Then I came to visit Bill on his 60th birthday and it really started. We were supposed to work together; we were going to do Dance of Death. But then I saw that big poster of the second season of "Lilyhammer" and I thought, "Wow. He speaks English, he speaks a little Norwegian—they answer in English." It's a bad series, but all of Norway loves it. So the idea started to boil in my head. I told Bill, "You cannot play Othello in America, you cannot play Othello in England—this is not allowed, to have a white person playing Othello. But in Bergen we can do it, you know?"
Bill Pullman and Stein Winge in New York City. (Photo by Ole Friele)
So the idea is that he's an outsider.
WINGE: Yeah, he's an American from Montana, or Kentucky, or someplace—you have a farm in Montana, don't you, Bill? So I thought, "It's brilliant! He doesn't know Norwegian, so they can talk a lot without him understanding, and he can get paranoia over, 'What did you say now? What did you mean by that?'"
PULLMAN: Which happens in the play quite a bit—there's a lot of crucial things in the play about Othello being old and always saying, "Iago, what is it that I see?" or, "What is it that was said?" or, "Who do I hear?"
This is a very interesting thing about Shakespeare in Norway and other countries—you aren't doing William Shakespeare's text, you're doing an adaptation. I sat in rehearsal for King Lear last year, and learned that Norwegian is an amazingly good language for playing Shakespeare—it's got such clarity and guttural strength, almost like Old English. English has gotten softer in the last 400 years.
WINGE: English actors envy us, because we can translate it every five years, or whenever we want to. That's why we don't use blank verse. Even Ibsen we translate. He wrote kind of in Danish, you know? We can never do it as it was written. We have to show these plays to people now, not ancient people.
Even Ibsen's dialogue needs to be translated?
WINGE: We have to clean it. We "wash it"—that's what we say.
Bill, Othello is not a part you probably ever dreamed you'd do, is it?
WINGE: Especially not in Norway.
PULLMAN: Well, I have been thinking about Othello more than I had before, because I had seen a couple of productions that weren't working. The play is called The Tragedy of Othello, but people go to see Iago now. I think it's our contemporary times—the bad guy is always interesting, the Machiavellian, noir kind of thing. Also, there's some difficulty with the way the actor who plays Othello gets so involved with the sense of the "noble Moor." So many things Othello does are quite stupid, quite gullible, but we have so much race baggage that it becomes hard for a black actor to portray someone who can be stupid, who can be impulsive and animalistic, because we don't want to see that.
In the noir template, he'd be the cuckolded husband, which is always the least interesting character in that kind of story.
PULLMAN: Yeah. So the depth of the tragedy isn't there. With this idea, we might go in some directions where maybe we can find new dimensions.
WINGE: I did one of the scenes in a theatre school with just white students. I found that what is scary is the mental thing that Iago is trying out, and following Othello as he slowly gets brought down. That's why Othello's situation is so extreme and terrible to look at—because we can see moment to moment how he's taken down by Iago, and how he tries to get up again.
PULLMAN: But Stein, you put a lot stress on the idea that Iago is improvising.
He doesn't have a master plan.
WINGE: No, no, no. Harold Bloom said the same thing. Iago knows he's lying, including to himself. And he cannot know how Othello will react, so he's improvising, and he continues doing it. I think he gets shocked by what he starts, and that he never thought it should go so far. That is terrible to look at. If it's a master plan? Less so.
PULLMAN: Also, Othello and Iago are soldiers, so there's the idea of trust. You might not understand the language being spoken to you, all the nuances and the depth of it, so you are trusting in a way that you wouldn't be outside of the military connection. Othello is a man locked inside this glass bubble of language.
Bill Pullman and Siren Jørgensen in "Othello." (Photo by Odd Mehus)
WINGE: And the really terrible thing is also that they've been fighting together for seven years, back to back, helping each other, saving each other on the field. Othello has never dealt with women—he's been fighting the whole time. It is fantastic for him to meet Desdemona and get to know her. But the one he trusts is Iago. That makes the trap even worse. He can question what Iago is saying, but he will trust him all the way to the last scene. What Iago forgot was his own wife, Emilia. It's a terrible end to the play. I think it's the most evil play Shakespeare ever wrote. What else is there? Macbeth?
What about King Lear? That is pretty bleak.
WINGE: Yes, but that's a whole other level; that's not so realistic.
So let me ask you: Is it your working assumption that Othello is not a play about race per se, in a way that, say, Merchant is about anti-Semitism?
WINGE: I don't think it is.
PULLMAN: You know Adam Gopnik, from The New Yorker? He came to hear a reading and he said you could interchange with "Moor" with "Frank." A Frank is from Germany, a Celtic tribe.
WINGE: It's more like outsider-ness; it's not race.
PULLMAN: There is a line about his "fat lips."
WINGE: We'll fix that.
In the Peter Sellars production a few years ago, John Ortiz's Othello was very upright, so his ignorance played more as an excess of pride, or inattention. It sounds like your take is a little rawer.
PULLMAN: I saw the Adrian Lester production in London, with Rory Kinnear in a celebrated performance as Iago. I remember thinking, this is Nick Hytner, this is an incredibly lauded production, but it didn't take me down. My favorite part of the Sellars production was Jessica Chastain's Desdemona—she was so wonderfully comfortable in her own skin that she touched everyone in the same beautiful way. So when she touched Cassio, you saw it coming. Even before she touched him, you knew: Oh no! Terrible! But beautiful. I'd never felt that so strongly.
WINGE: What you will discover with your Desdemona, Siren Jørgensen—she has such a lot of humor, so that's also something that blinds you. That's her natural way of being. The actress is totally sweet and brilliant. And that makes the tragedy even worse.
Derrick Lee Weeden, who played Othello at Oregon Shakespeare Festival about 15 years ago, told me he thought the part was "overclimaxed"—meaning that Othello starts suspecting so early in the play, then spends the rest of it not acting on his suspicions—a bit like Hamlet.
PULLMAN: I feel the same thing. This play is hard for that reason: Othello gets suspicious so early, and so much of the play happens in that suspended animation—it feels like it's long.
WINGE: In the opera, it's even longer.
What productions have you seen, Stein?
WINGE: The best Othello I saw was in Germany, directed by Peter Zadek.
PULLMAN: In blackface?
WINGE: Yes, blackface, and he was sweating it away by the end.
Has this play been done in Norway with a black actor?
PULLMAN: The last time this production was done in Bergen was 52 years ago, by a black American actor, Earle Hyman—who, freakishly, knew Norwegian.
WINGE: Because he studied Ibsen.
PULLMAN: But it's interesting: If you do Merchant of Venice, does Shylock always have to be played by a Jewish actor?
No, but he's always played as a Jew; you can't really avoid that.
PULLMAN: It's hard to know where you draw the line. Maybe we should just do it with true Venetians; wouldn't that be a great production?
Bill, how do you explain this project to your film and TV agents?
PULLMAN: I have had such a hard time—I don't tell Stein all the people who don't want me to go to Norway. But this is so important to my life. I'll tell you, all the film and television things—you do them, and everyone gets so excited about them, and then they disappear so fast. Whereas I'm always amazed about the shelf life of a theatre piece. The Goat was on Broadway, the longest run I had ever done, I think it was seven months, and 600,000 people saw that. That's a bad night for a movie or a TV show, where if you get 10 million, that's a disappointment. But people always come up to talk to me aboutThe Goat, and that TV show I did shortly before? Twelve years later, no one has mentioned it. The theatre has more staying power than you think. Maybe it's a smaller pool of people, but the integrity of the experience stays with them.
Bill Pullman and Jan Sælid in "Othello." (Photo by Odd Mehus)
When people other than your agents ask you about this, how do you explain it to them?
PULLMAN: They think I'm making a joke. I'll say I'm going to Bergen in the middle of winter to play Othello. Of course, everyone doesn't know that Bergen is not as cold as up north—they think I'm going to the North Pole.
Stein, where does Shakespeare fit with Norwegians?
PULLMAN: Is it No. 1, Ibsen, No. 2, Shakespeare?
WINGE: Sure. Or Chekhov. I've done so much Shakespeare. I've done Richard III many times, and Henry VI many times. What the conflicts are about is contemporary all the time. I would love to do Antony and Cleopatra. This is a political play. And Julius Caesar, that's a great play.
Bill, have you done a lot of Shakespeare?
PULLMAN: Not in a long time. I started in Montana at a Shakespeare festival that toured around—I did seven years with them. Some of those actors I'm still in touch with. We did a lot of the comedies.
WINGE: You know what I hate? Shakespeare's comedies.
PULLMAN: You've never directed any Shakespeare comedy?
WINGE: I think after 450 years, humor has changed. It's not fun. I did As You Like It, and it was okay. But all this mixing with the couples? Give me a break. I don't see the light at the end of the tunnel!
Bill PullmanNational Theatre of NorwayNew GroupOregon Shakespeare FestivalOthelloPeter SellarsShowcaseSignature TheatreStein Winge
Previous PostOklahoma City Rep Doesn't Go to 'The Mountaintop' AloneNext PostDallas Theater Center 2015-16 Season Includes Three World Premieres


text:
October 25, 2014 6:37 PM UTC
Yallet, an Easy Multilingual Bitcoin Wallet for iOS
The Luxembourg startup The Yallet Initiative announced the launch of a Bitcoin wallet focused on ease of use in order to appeal to the newest users of the virtual currency. "The Bitcoin technology will lead to evolutions which will impact the general public, but also…
Author: Yannick Losbar @CryptoInvest
The Luxembourg startup The Yallet Initiative announced the launch of a Bitcoin wallet focused on ease of use in order to appeal to the newest users of the virtual currency.
"The Bitcoin technology will lead to evolutions which will impact the general public, but also the global economy and the financial world."
It is on this premise that Laurent Kratz, The Yallet Initiative co-founder, made up his mind to develop a practical and easy to use bitcoin wallet. The startup founded by Kratz and Pierre Gérard, who has a successful track record with his former startup Jamendo, launched on October 15 the wallet in the iOS App store.
Among its many features, we find for example a transaction history that keeps exchange rates to show the counter value at the specific time of the transaction, and even an extensive FAQ that will answer all the questions that a beginner in the crypto-currencies world would be likely to ask.
Easy Wallet Made for European Audience
The login to the application is done using a simple PIN, just like any credit card. Specially made for European audience, this wallet is already available in 3 languages, namely English, Spanish and French (the first wallet available in the latter language). Personal ties with France are strong for the wallet's founders: La Maison du Bitcoin based in Paris hosts a part of the team in its large coworking space.
Although simple to use, the wallet is no slouch in terms of security. The private key of your wallet is only stored locally and encrypted – using the famous AES algorithm – within iOS password manager, the keychain.
With the wallet already available for iOS in the App Store, the startup has just announced the upcoming launch of Android and Windows Phone versions of the application. Good news for which we can all be thankful: while 5.9 million users have been seduced by Microsoft's mobile operating system according to a market research conducted by Comscore, there is no single Bitcoin wallet currently available for its users.
What do you think? Comment below!
Images from Yallet and Shutterstock.
Last modified: January 8, 2020 3:18 PM UTC
Yannick Losbar @CryptoInvest
French Bitcoiner, Journalist at CryptoCoinsNews, CEO at Coinizy. You can follow me on Twitter , and get the finest memes and infographics about Bitcoin , for the lulz !
Tags: Bitcoin Wallets