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Our Business Team
Impeachment Coverage
The MediaPod
China Controls Media to Shape International Narrative
Oct 19, 2018 by Michael Kohler	in International
As China continues to expand its influence around the world, state-controlled media allows the country to define the global narrative.
China has seen major shifts in the structure of its government including the removal of presidential term limits in March 2018 and President Xi Jinping's speech at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, which outlined his vision of a new era in which China becomes a "socialist superpower."
The Chinese leadership has made influencing perceptions of China a top priority. https://t.co/rDukNGfKcI
— NPR (@NPR) October 4, 2018
Like most authoritarian powers, the Chinese government manipulates domestic media for its own propaganda purposes. These state media outlets are used to subdue domestic opposition and form a favorable image of President Xi.
Chinese censorship covers serious and silly issues including Winnie the Pooh, which was censored due to an internet meme that juxtaposed Xi with the iconic cartoon.
Another case involved the promotion of a song sung by Hu Xiaoming that referred to the president as "Xi Dada" or "Uncle Xi" to paint Xi as a strong-willed yet wholesome leader.
China took control of the media further by using news outlets to not only increase domestic support for the government but to also increase international support.
President Xi has been working to rebuild China's "brand" after a "Century of Humiliation," in which China was humiliated by losses to Britain and Imperial Japan and after several decades of the "Hide and Bide" strategy where China purposefully laid low on the world stage.
In order to restore its international image and become the global superpower that Xi wishes to be, China has developed a series of plans, the most illustrious of which is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a network of trade routes across a large part of the eastern hemisphere. Chinese media serves to promote the BRI to attract the dozens of countries needed to invest into this infrastructure plan.
Dozens of countries. Hundreds of billions of dollars.
China's Belt and Road Initiative is massive – and one of many projects that are currently turning the US-led economic order on its head. #GZEROWorldSummit pic.twitter.com/6iXJtAckV1
— ian bremmer (@ianbremmer) October 17, 2018
According to China.org.cn, Makhdoom Bakar, editor-in-chief of The Daily Mail of Pakistan, "called on like-minded media from the countries along the Belt and Road to develop a syndicate to share and publish or broadcast 'team stories.'"
A separate piece by XinhuaNet, also about Pakistan, discussed how more and more young people are exchanging cultures between China and the Middle East and learning the other region's language, fostering so-called "people-to-people exchanges." This term appeared in virtually all of the articles on the topic and highlight for foreign audiences the potential benefits of joining the BRI.
China also uses the media to impact foreign trade, especially in the escalating trade war against the US.
Several weeks ago, the China Daily purchased the ad-space for a four page insert in the Des Moines Register. According to the Register, the effort "was intended to undermine farm-country support for President Donald Trump's escalating trade war."
US ambassador blasts China for running "propaganda" in "our own free press" after Des Moines Register ad https://t.co/KzBDxuFxLy pic.twitter.com/AIsnURBw5X
It is difficult to measure the extent of support for the BRI that was influenced solely by Chinese-created propaganda. It is unclear how many voters will be influenced by the ad in the Des Moines Register. However, China has continued to follow a pattern of heavily influencing its own narrative in much of the global press, specifically on human rights issues.
China has recently been called out for its persecution of a Muslim minority called the Uighurs, allegedly sending them to detainment camps. China has also been critiqued for various other abuses, including the prosecutions of human rights activists, suppressing freedom of expression, and cracking down on opposition independence movements.
The plight of Uighur Muslims in China deserves international attention. This isn't merely "religious persecution" or Islamophobia. The legalization of internment camps & the criminalization of Islam as well as Uighur ethnicity amounts to cultural genocide. https://t.co/6SbyK4B6pw
— Dr. Craig Considine (@CraigCons) October 10, 2018
Tagged with: censorship, china, human rights, state run media
About the author Michael Kohler
Michael Kohler is a Freshman at The George Washington University studying Political Communication in the School of Media and Public Affairs. He is passionate about many topics in politics and international relations, specifically nuclear nonproliferation. Michael is also an Eagle Scout and loves all things outdoors, including kayaking, camping, and hiking.
MediaFile Copyright 2018 MediaFile Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Byte4 Elite
Get Ready For Windows 11 With Azulle
By Azulle Team
Last month, Microsoft unveiled its latest and improved operating system, Windows 11. With the way our world has evolved in terms of work, collaboration, and connection, Windows 11 is designed to deliver a more streamlined PC experience without compromising the performance of your hardware. Let's look at some of its latest features:
A simplified design
Microsoft rejuvenated the design of the Windows 11 interface with the intention of increasing productivity, usability, and creativity. From the bottom-center placement of the Start button and task bar icons to the integration of Snap layouts, Windows makes it easier to access the open windows and apps that are most important to you, creating a more personalized experience.
Easy access to communication tools
Since the pandemic impacted all of our lives, Microsoft Teams has been an integral tool businesses, and families use to stay connected. Now, Windows 11 comes with Teams fully integrated into the taskbar, allowing users to access their video calls, messages, photos, and videos quicker than ever before.
A better pc gaming experience
Windows 11 has turned the pc gaming experience up a notch. With X-box Game Pass being fully integrated into the new OS, users will have access to hundreds of high-quality games for their PC. Microsoft has also made new improvements with Direct Storage, AutoHDR, and DirectX 12. These features will not only speed up game loading times for users but also improve the visual quality of their games allowing for a top-of-the-line gaming experience.
Customized Widgets
Now you can view content that's customized to your interests with Widgets. This new feature is an AI-powered personal feed that shows you information about the news, calendar, weather, and much more.
With Windows 11 releasing later this year, your PC must meet the system requirements. If your device fails to meet the basic requirements, you may not be eligible to install the new OS. For more information on whether your PC meets system requirements go to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11 or upgrade to one of Azulle's high-performance mini PCs, so you don't have to miss out on this game-changing experience!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Cancer services will not be moved out of Cornwall NHS England 'assures MPs' after outcry
In total 11,000 people responded to proposals explaining why they are so vital and need to stay in the Duchy
Hannah Maltwood
NHS England has reportedly confirmed to MPs that its proposals to centralise cancer treatment services in the UK, will not see them moved out of Cornwall.
When the Modernising Radiotherapy Services in England consultation launched back in October 2017, cancer patients were left fearing they could have to travel as far as Plymouth, Exeter or even Bristol for treatment.
Dozens of people rallied in Truro City Centre to voice their concerns over the plans and show how vital the services were for Cornwall.
Keep Cancer Care in Cornwall supporters rallied in the centre of Truro to opposed proposals to centralise some cancer services in Devon (Image: Tom Last)
The proposals will build on a £130 million investment to help upgrade equipment and put in place new treatment planning systems.
Cornwall's health services are 'failing the people'
NHS England met with Cornish MPs at Westminster yesterday (March 27). While it is still reviewing the feedback, MPs say that it has "assured MPs that the proposals will not see services being moved out of Cornwall".
Derek Thomas, MP for St Ives, said: "Cornwall is a very rural area and it's understandable when people are concerned that services may move east rather than west.
"After the meeting [yesterday], I am reassured that this is not NHS England's intention and that this new £130 million investment coupled with the new Radiotherapy Networks will provide a better level of care for cancer patients."
Stephen Fry sends message of support to four Cornish dads planning epic charity challenge
"That said, we made sure to stress to NHS England how important the Sunrise Centre and other cancer services are to the people of Cornwall and how they must be protected.
"The consultation received a huge response from Cornwall residents including local hospitals and health organisations, and this feedback will help shape the proposals over the coming months before they are made public in the summer."
More than 11,000 responses were received, with the majority of them coming from Devon and Cornwall.
Sarah Newton is the Conservative MP for Truro and Falmouth.
Sarah Newton, MP for Truro and Falmouth, added: "I was very pleased to meet with NHS England to discuss their proposals and the concerns that have been raised by Cornish residents.
"NHS England are clear that the South West needs special consideration because of its geography and sparse population and that it absolutely recognises the importance of patients being able to access services close to home."
Cancer services in Cornwall
RCH object to centralise cancer care
Supporters rally against plans in Truro
'Death sentence for patients'
NHS England launch consultation
"The Sunrise Centre in Truro is an amazing facility saving peoples' lives, and NHS England want to build on that by making sure that radiotherapy service providers can collaborate more so that patients have the best possible treatment and outcomes."
It is now hoped that services within the county itself, could even see improvement.
George Eustice, MP for Camborne and Redruth
George Eustice, MP for Camborne and Redruth, said: "This is about £130 million of new money coming in to invest in improved radiotherapy. I am pleased that NHS England have been very clear that it is not about the closure of any centres. It is about creating networks that can offer the best treatment for very rare cancers.
"As a group, we are fighting for Cornwall. Indeed, there is no reason why specialist work cannot be done right here in Cornwall."


Say "hello" to the all new CityofAnna.org!
Welcome citizens, visitors, tourists, businesses and passers-by to the all new cityofanna.com! We're proud of the new website and hope you'll find it useful and informative, and see it as the great resource it is for our community. We've worked hard to improve the overall user experience by making the information you need most easier to find, creating an avenue through which we can keep you better informed, and giving the site itself a colorful, modern face lift.
The site is still very new, so if you happen upon an issue or a bit of missing information, please let us know so we can address the situation! With any big project, there's going to be some time required in getting to know the new system and working out all the little kinks that may pop up here and there. We hope you'll extend us the courtesy of your patience and understanding as we work to provide the best possible resource for communication and information that we can!
We hope you'll visit the site frequently to stay in touch with news and events in our community, as well as take advantage of things like our new alert system (will show at the top of every page when there's time-critical information to share), events calendar, frequently requested forms & documents, and more!


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package cn.wayne.mamypoko.mode.home.entity;

import java.util.List;

import cn.wayne.mamypoko.base.entity.EntityList;

/**
 * Created by Pollux on 2015/4/10.
 * //
 */
public class FindMoreReplyEntity implements EntityList {
    @Override
    public List<?> getList() {
        return null;
    }

    private int ret ;

    private List<FindReplyEntity> data;

    private int has_more;

    private int re_num;

    public int getRet() {
        return ret;
    }

    public void setRet(int ret) {
        this.ret = ret;
    }

    public List<FindReplyEntity> getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(List<FindReplyEntity> data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public int getHas_more() {
        return has_more;
    }

    public void setHas_more(int has_more) {
        this.has_more = has_more;
    }

    public int getRe_num() {
        return re_num;
    }

    public void setRe_num(int re_num) {
        this.re_num = re_num;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Re: [xmca] "Inner Form" of Word, Symmetry, Ivanov Bateson?
Subject: Re: [xmca] "Inner Form" of Word, Symmetry, Ivanov Bateson?
From: Steve Gabosch <stevegabosch@me.com>
In-reply-to: <264712.61594.qm@web110303.mail.gq1.yahoo.com>
References: <264712.61594.qm@web110303.mail.gq1.yahoo.com>
Apologies for sticking my nose into a discussion just before I leave on a trip and leave my computer behind for a couple weeks, but some statements in your recent message, David, seem to point toward the heart of the matter, so I thought I'd speak up.
I think Martin is on the right track when he differentiates the ideal and the psychological. Much work still needs to be done on this, in my view. It is by no means a resolved question.
When you say "I think that for real people, it is only through interpersonal meaning-making that social relations become real" I find myself thinking that the opposite relation needs to be emphasized - that it is only through social relations that interpersonal meaning- making becomes possible and real.
When you say " 'mean' really means intentionality" I find myself thinking that this statement reduces meaning to only acts of individual consciousness and will, whereas meaning is created by human activity in all its forms.
On Jun 5, 2011, at 8:27 PM, David Kellogg wrote:
ANL equates "meaning" with some ideal representational form. Psychology, on the other hand, is this set of "social relations" apparently unmediated by meaning. (Ha! I'd like to see how THAT works!)
ANL: "In other words, meanings represent an ideal form of the existence of the objective world..."
So! My name represents an ideal form of me, not my tangible, material self. Words like "this"and "that" and "the apple" and so on do not represent literary fictions and not actual objects. Obviously, the development of word meaning, from real to ideal and back again, is not possible.
ANL: "...its properties, connections, and relationships, disclosed by cooperative social practice, transformed and hidden in the material of language."
What "social practice" discloses, language covers up again. Sorry, the MATERIAL of language covers it up again. In other words, pronunciation and bad handwriting are the means by which we are held in thrall, the method by which the properties, (non-relational) connections and (non-connective) relationships (sic) are transformed and hidden.
"For this reason meanings in themselves, that is, in abstraction from their functioning in individual consciousness, are not so "psychological" as the socially recognized reality that lies behind them."
What the devil is a meaning in abstraction from its functioning in an individual consciousness? Is it like a dictionary that no individual consciousness ever cracks open and actually reads?
I think what ANL is trying to say is that meaning is not psychological because it's this ideal representation standing in front of real stuff, while "social relations" (apparently unmediated by meaning) is the real McCoy. That strikes me as utterly false. ANL has somehow transformed "meaning" from a demiurge to a demon.
I think that for real people, it is only through interpersonal meaning-making that social relations become real. After all, "mean" really suggests intentionality--it says I want something to stand for (not in front of) something else. I have no idea why that makes it somehow less psychological; it seems to me it makes it rather more so.
Seoul National University of Education
--- On Sun, 6/5/11, Martin Packer <packer@duq.edu> wrote:
From: Martin Packer <packer@duq.edu>
Date: Sunday, June 5, 2011, 7:45 PM
But why should we equate the ideal with the psychological, David? I read ANL as saying the practices make word meaning just as practices make use value. Both are ideal but neither is psychological. That's precisely the trap that it's easy to fall into, to think that anything ideal is in the individual mind. Word meaning obscures the practices that produced it in the same way the the value of the commodity obscures the labor that produced it. Bourgeois economists and linguists are cut from the same cloth.
Isn't that a more likely reading?
Yes, I really HATE that quote. Let me count the ways.
1) I really LIKE the word "demiurge" as a description for the role of language, not just with respect to meaning but also with respect to mind. A demiurge isn't really a deity, you know. It's a kind of CRAFTSMAN, a DESIGNER, an ARCHITECT which in the final analysis (but only in the final analysis) is consubstantial with the thing that it makes.
2) Then ANL sets up a layer of social "operations" (or maybe actions) which stands BEHIND meaning. So meaning isn't a social operation at all, huh? Why not? Well, it appears that one is REAL, that is to say, sociological, and the other is IDEAL, that is to say, psychological. Oh, no! Here we go again....
3) ANL then says that the MAIN problem is something called the contradiction between the sociological and the logical. Why do I feel that the two things are completely consubstantial? Why do I feel that this is really a profoundly TRIVIAL problem, compared to (for example) the contradiction between the sociologically ideological and the interpersonally emotional?
I think you once pointed out to me that Vygotsky's theory of consciousness is semiotic (that is, NON-representational) except for its final layer of thinking, where we do appear to need some kind of representation of the self, some from of the "will" or the "consciousness" or the "volition", some species of demiurge, some kind of "role model".
Children don't have to believe that roles are real in order to use them. Vygotsky describes thinking as a cloud and inner speech as a downpour, but I don't leave the house with an umbrella lest I be overtaken by a sudden fit of inner speech on my way to class. I don't see why I can't think of demiurge, or for that matter "language", or even "mind", in exactly the same way.
By defining language as that thing that stands in front of objective social relations, obscuring and mystifying them, ANL is starting off with a very clear distinction between the objective, constative and the subjective, evaluative functions of speech. Sometimes things are so very clear and so very transparent that you could swear they are actually non-existent.
I just stumbled across this, in chapter 4 of Leontiev's Activity, Consciousness, and Personality. Available on Andy's site, at <http://marxists.org/archive/leontev/works/1978/index.htm >
"Thus meanings interpret the world in the consciousness of man. Although language appears to be the carrier of meaning, yet language is not its demiurge. Behind linguistic meanings hide socially developed methods of action (operations) in the process of which people change and perceive objective reality. In other words, meanings represent an ideal form of the existence of the objective world, its properties, connections, and relationships, disclosed by cooperative social practice, transformed and hidden in the material of language. For this reason meanings in themselves, that is, in abstraction from their functioning in individual consciousness, are not so "psychological" as the socially recognized reality that lies behind them.
"Meanings constitute the subject matter for study in linguistics, semiotics, and logic. Also, as one of the 'formers' of individual consciousness, meanings necessarily enter into the circle of problems of psychology. The main difficulty of the psychological problem of meaning is that in meaning arise all of those contradictions that confront the broader problem of the relationship of the logical and the psychological in thought, in logic, and in the psychology of comprehension."
Seems to me that Leontiev too considered meaning to be first something public and social, even material (in their ideality, of course) and only later psychological.
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text:
Q: How to tell if webpage is running in chrome application shortcut mode We can create application shortcut in google Chrome.
I would like to display a different layout when my web page is running in application shortcut mode - which basically is running in a separate standalone window.
Is there a way to tell if web page is running in application shortcut mode?
Right now I am testing if the window can be re-sized by JavaScript - assuming that it is running in application shortcut mode if the window can be re-sized.
I am wondering if there is a better way to do this.
[Update]
Basically we want to know if the webpage is running in a single window or running in one tab of a window.

A: I've just googled a bit and found this site: http://blog.kenneth.io/blog/2010/05/04/desktop-icons-in-google-chrome/
You can see this <meta> element in the first code block:
<meta name="application-url" content="http://www.example.com"/>

I haven't found any reliable and offcial documentation* yet, but it seems to work in a quick test I've just made.
In that way, you could pass an extra query string to your URI which only gets called when opening from a pinned (taskbar|desktop) short cut.
*) This <meta> element is also unofficially metioned here: Page Meta Properties - mozilla f1.

How can it be used?

*

*Create a new HTML document:

<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="application-url" content="http://www.exaple.com?shortcut=true" />

    <title>Test</title>
  </head>

  <body>
    Test
  </body>
</html>

*

*Now, open this document in Google chrome (works also with local file system!).

*Create a taskbar and/or desktop shortcut via Chrome's Tools menu.

*Chrome will open another window with the original URI. This is possibly a bug.

But if you use the shortcut, Chrome will open the URI provided in the <meta> tag (here: http://www.exaple.com?shortcut=true).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Trending Now in News & Politics
Peace Walk
News & Politics | Real Estate
If Only Half of Amazon's HQ2 Comes to Crystal City, Will We Even Notice?
One of Washington's top economists says probably not.
Written by Marisa M. Kashino
| Published on November 7, 2018
Crystal City at night. Photograph by Evy Mages
For more than a year, Washingtonians have speculated about where Amazon will open its second headquarters, and what it would mean if the company chose our area. But this week's flurry of reporting that HQ2 will actually get chopped in half between Crystal City and Queens has totally upended the rules of our guessing game.
Jeff Bezos originally pitched HQ2 as a "full equal" to his Seattle campus, meaning the winning location would get as many as 50,000 new Amazon jobs. If that number shrinks to 25,000, what will the impact be? For answers, we turned to the authority on greater Washington's economy, George Mason professor Stephen Fuller.
What would this new ripple in the HQ2 plan mean for our area?
"Clearly everything is in motion, if in fact the division in half is true. I have no indication from anybody that I've talked to that it couldn't be anything more than a negotiation strategy. You just don't know. Hopefully, we'll know later this week or next week.
But the simple answer is it means you only get half of whatever was promised, and that's not shabby unto itself. If it was 50,000 jobs, now it's only 25,000, but who else has brought 25,000 jobs to the Washington area? When Hilton moved their headquarters here, it was about 700 jobs. When Nestle came here, it wasn't much more than that. The scale of this is still massive."
You've said that we've already been adding about 50,000 jobs to the Washington economy every year for the past three years. Correct?
"And we're running at that level this year, too. We're just a little bit above 50,000. So it'll be four years running that we've averaged better than 50,000. If Amazon came here in their full glory, it would be 50,000 jobs added over some period, which could be as much as 20 years. So it's not quite as imposing as a lot of people may think."
So if Amazon ends up bringing 25,000 jobs here over a decade or two, will we even feel it?
"It's a good question—would we even notice? We have 780,000 professional and business services jobs in the Washington area. And that's what these Amazon jobs would be. We add 15,000 or 20,000 of these kinds of workers every year. So you might not even notice it. It's clearly important because these would be very well paid jobs. They're not federally dependent— that's really important because the economy is slowly diversifying away from its over-dependence on the federal government—and Amazon, if they came here, even half of them, would contribute to that. So that's valuable. But I don't think people are going to notice. All of a sudden it's going to be old news. It's not going to happen all at once. People will move on."
Would you say the same thing even if all 50,000 jobs end up coming to Crystal City?
"Yeah. Somewhat facetiously, I say to people 'Did you notice the 50,000 jobs we added last year?'"
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More: AmazonCrystal CityHQ2
Marisa M. Kashino
Marisa M. Kashino joined Washingtonian in 2009 as a staff writer, and became a senior editor in 2014. She oversees the magazine's real estate and home design coverage, and writes long-form feature stories. She was a 2020 Livingston Award finalist for her two-part investigation into a wrongful conviction stemming from a murder in rural Virginia.
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This is a DIGITAL product including downloadable PDF—no shipping is required. You will receive a link to download after you checkout. Choose the pen size that you'll be using so that you purchase the correct workbook! Need help with pens? Scroll down to the FAQ below.


We love the new Atlantic Avenue boutique Charlie-n-Diamond. They stock a beautifully selected range of products, mostly local and handcrafted. Here at Goodship we're excited to be part of the mix, you'll find our roll-up totes as well as new coin purses and retro satchels for kids (or adults). Next time you're in the neighborhood stop by and check it out.


text:
Lalla Hirayama (born February 10, 1988) is a Japanese—South African television host, actress, dancer and model. Best known for her current work as one of 5 hosts of the live celebrity news show V Entertainment on DStv channel Vuzu as their longest serving host, a judge on South Africa's Got Talent and host of her show Lalla Land on M-net Movies channel.

Early life

Lalla Hirayama was born in Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. She is the only child born to a Japanese mother and a white South African father of Jewish descent. In one interview she said she was brought up in the old school typical Japanese way "think Samurais and Zen". Her father, although a white Jewish man, is a sangoma (shaman).

Hirayama has previously stated that she comes from a diverse background; Buddhism, Shinto, Judaism, Christianity and other belief systems and cultures. She spent her early years in Japan, then moved to Australia, and finally, at the age of about six to South Africa.

Hirayama started her primary schooling at Fairways Primary School in Sandton, Johannesburg in the Gauteng province of South Africa. While in primary school, she took part in horse riding and athletics and in 1997 became a Junior Horse Riding Champion.

In 2001, she returned to Japan where she taught hip-hop, tap and modern dancing in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture. She returned the next year to South Africa where she registered at the British International College (BIC) in Bryanston, Johannesburg in the Gauteng province of South Africa, for her high school education. While completing her high school education, Hirayama was involved in dance training.

In 2005, she began performing professionally, dancing at a number of corporate functions under the Vigor8 Company. A year later, in 2006, Hirayama founded the Clinch City Entertainment (ACC), a hip hop marketing & events company. In that year, she became part of the official dancers for renowned artists of that time, among others; the late Lebo Mathosa of Boom Shaka fame, and Tshwarelo 'Relo' Nhlapo; performed with Skwatta Kamp; and was featured in music videos of Unathi Msengana and Loyiso Bala.

Career

She first appeared on South African screens at the age of 15; as a presenter for the daily kids time channel Craz-e on E-TV.
After four years, Hirayama was head-hunted to SABC1 as a live continuity presenter and brand ambassador.
A year later she played the role of 'Felicia' on E-TV's prime time soapie Rhythm City and as a dark angel on the E-TV show Axe Dark Angels.
During this time she also began presenting the show 'Scar Tissue' for the new DSTV channel Vuzu, soon after which she joined the prime time, live celeb gossip show V Entertainment as well as becoming a live continuity presenter for the channel.
While on Vuzu, Hirayama played the role of 'Bianca' on the bio-weekly soapie 'Zone 14' on SABC1 and a few months later she joined the 'Tropica Island of Treasure' team and co-hosted the 3rd season, which aired on E-TV alongside DJ Fresh in Phuket, Thailand.
She co-hosted the reality hip-hop dance show 'Masters of Rhythm' on Vuzu from mid 2011.

In 2009 Hirayama was featured in the FHM calendar and voted #15 in FHM's 100 Sexiest Women In The World and #14 in 2010. She also featured in the yearly FHM Lingerie supplement in 2010 and is regularly featured in the magazine. She has won Glamour magazines 'Most Glamorous' award, 'Best Innovative Style' at the South African Style Awards and 'Most Stylish' at the G4 Sports awards.

Hirayama has an extremely strong professional dance background. She trained classically from the age of 4 in Ballet, Tap, Modern, Contemporary, Spanish and Jazz. She began teaching in Japan at the age of 14. Whilst in Japan she was exposed to the Hip-Hop scene and after returning to South Africa Hirayama co-founded South Africa's first mix style hip-hop dance crew "Clinch".

Filmography

References

1988 births
Living people
People from Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
Actresses from Kanagawa Prefecture
Models from Kanagawa Prefecture
South African actresses
South African female dancers
South African female models
Japanese emigrants to South Africa
South African people of Jewish descent
South African people of European descent
South African people of Japanese descent
Japanese people of South African descent
Japanese people of Jewish descent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
require 'rspec'
require 'arangodb.rb'

describe ArangoDB do
  prefix = "rest-create-document"
  didRegex = /^([0-9a-zA-Z]+)\/([0-9a-zA-Z\-_]+)/

  context "creating a document:" do

################################################################################
## error handling
################################################################################

    context "error handling:" do
      it "returns an error if url contains a suffix" do
        cmd = "/_api/document/123456"
        body = "{}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-superfluous-suffix", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(400)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(601)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(400)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
      end

      it "returns an error if collection idenifier is missing" do
        cmd = "/_api/document"
        body = "{}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-missing-cid", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(400)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(1204)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(400)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
      end

      it "returns an error if the collection identifier is unknown" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=123456"
        body = "{}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-unknown-cid", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(404)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(1203)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(404)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
      end

      it "returns an error if the collection name is unknown" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=unknown_collection"
        body = "{}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-unknown-name", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(404)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(1203)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(404)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
      end

      it "returns an error if the JSON body is corrupted" do
        cn = "UnitTestsCollectionBasics"
        id = ArangoDB.create_collection(cn)

        id.should be_kind_of(String)

        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{id}"
        body = "{ 1 : 2 }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-bad-json", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(400)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(600)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(400)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")

        ArangoDB.size_collection(cn).should eq(0)

        ArangoDB.drop_collection(cn)
      end
    end

################################################################################
## known collection identifier, waitForSync = true
################################################################################

    context "known collection identifier, waitForSync = true:" do
      before do
        @cn = "UnitTestsCollectionBasics"
        @cid = ArangoDB.create_collection(@cn)
      end

      after do
        ArangoDB.drop_collection(@cn)
      end

      it "creating a new document" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document complex body" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"Wo\\\"rld\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-complex", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('Wo"rld')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document complex body, setting compatibility header " do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"Wo\\\"rld\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-complex", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('Wo"rld')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new umlaut document" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"öäüÖÄÜßあ寿司\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")

        newBody = doc.body()
        newBody = newBody.sub!(/^.*"Hallo":"([^"]*)".*$/, '\1')

        newBody.should eq("\\u00F6\\u00E4\\u00FC\\u00D6\\u00C4\\u00DC\\u00DF\\u3042\\u5BFF\\u53F8")

        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('öäüÖÄÜßあ寿司')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new umlaut document, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"öäüÖÄÜßあ寿司\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")

        newBody = doc.body()
        newBody = newBody.sub!(/^.*"Hallo":"([^"]*)".*$/, '\1')

        newBody.should eq("\\u00F6\\u00E4\\u00FC\\u00D6\\u00C4\\u00DC\\u00DF\\u3042\\u5BFF\\u53F8")

        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('öäüÖÄÜßあ寿司')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new not normalized umlaut document" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"Gru\\u0308\\u00DF Gott.\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")

        newBody = doc.body()
        newBody = newBody.sub!(/^.*"Hallo":"([^"]*)".*$/, '\1')

        newBody.should eq("Gr\\u00FC\\u00DF Gott.")

        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('Grüß Gott.')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new not normalized umlaut document, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"Gru\\u0308\\u00DF Gott.\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        cmd = "/_api/document/#{did}"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_get("#{prefix}-umlaut", cmd)

        doc.code.should eq(200)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")

        newBody = doc.body()
        newBody = newBody.sub!(/^.*"Hallo":"([^"]*)".*$/, '\1')

        newBody.should eq("Gr\\u00FC\\u00DF Gott.")

        doc.parsed_response['Hallo'].should eq('Grüß Gott.')

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a document with an existing id" do
        @key = "a_new_key"

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@key}")

        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"some stuff\" : \"goes here\", \"_key\" : \"#{@key}\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-existing-id", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)
        did.should eq("#{@cn}/#{@key}")

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@key}")
      end

      it "creating a document with an existing id, setting compatibility header" do
        @key = "a_new_key"

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@key}")

        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"some stuff\" : \"goes here\", \"_key\" : \"#{@key}\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-existing-id", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)
        did.should eq("#{@cn}/#{@key}")

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@key}")
      end

      it "creating a document with a duplicate existing id" do
        @key = "a_new_key"

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@key}")

        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"some stuff\" : \"goes here\", \"_key\" : \"#{@key}\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-existing-id", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(201)

        # send again
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-existing-id", cmd, :body => body)
        doc.code.should eq(409) # conflict
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(409)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(1210)

        ArangoDB.delete("/_api/document/#{@cn}/#{@did}")
      end
    end

################################################################################
## known collection identifier, waitForSync = false
################################################################################

    context "known collection identifier, waitForSync = false:" do
      before do
        @cn = "UnitTestsCollectionUnsynced"
        @cid = ArangoDB.create_collection(@cn, false)
      end

      after do
        ArangoDB.drop_collection(@cn)
      end

      it "creating a new document" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(202)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(202)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, waitForSync URL param = false" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}&waitForSync=false"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept-sync-false", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(202)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, waitForSync URL param = false, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}&waitForSync=false"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept-sync-false", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(202)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, waitForSync URL param = true" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}&waitForSync=true"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept-sync-true", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, waitForSync URL param = true, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}&waitForSync=true"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-accept-sync-true", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end
    end

################################################################################
## known collection name
################################################################################

    context "known collection name:" do
      before do
        @cn = "UnitTestsCollectionBasics"
        @cid = ArangoDB.create_collection(@cn)
      end

      after do
        ArangoDB.drop_collection(@cn)
      end

      it "creating a new document" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-named-collection", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.3" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end

      it "creating a new document, setting compatibility header" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-named-collection", cmd, :body => body, :headers => { "x-arango-version" => "1.4" })

        doc.code.should eq(201)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(false)

        etag = doc.headers['etag']
        etag.should be_kind_of(String)

        location = doc.headers['location']
        location.should be_kind_of(String)

        rev = doc.parsed_response['_rev']
        rev.should be_kind_of(String)

        did = doc.parsed_response['_id']
        did.should be_kind_of(String)

        match = didRegex.match(did)

        match[1].should eq("#{@cn}")

        etag.should eq("\"#{rev}\"")
        location.should eq("/_db/_system/_api/document/#{did}")

        ArangoDB.delete(location)

        ArangoDB.size_collection(@cn).should eq(0)
      end
    end

################################################################################
## unknown collection name
################################################################################

    context "unknown collection name:" do
      before do
        @cn = "UnitTestsCollectionNamed#{Time.now.to_i}"
      end

      after do
        ArangoDB.drop_collection(@cn)
      end

      it "returns an error if collection is unknown" do
        cmd = "/_api/document?collection=#{@cn}"
        body = "{ \"Hallo\" : \"World\" }"
        doc = ArangoDB.log_post("#{prefix}-create-collection", cmd, :body => body)

        doc.code.should eq(404)
        doc.parsed_response['error'].should eq(true)
        doc.parsed_response['errorNum'].should eq(1203)
        doc.parsed_response['code'].should eq(404)
        doc.headers['content-type'].should eq("application/json; charset=utf-8")
      end

    end

  end
end


text:
CinemaScore és una companyia de recerca de mercat amb seu a Las Vegas. Enquesta les persones que van al cinema i així aconsegueix mitjanes per a puntuar les pel·lícules, després informa dels resultats i preveu el rendiment en taquilla basant-se en les dades.

Rerefons
Ed Mintz va fundar CinemaScore el 1979 després de no agradar-li The Cheap Detective malgrat ser un fan de Neil Simon, i després de sentir uns altres espectadors dir que haurien volgut sentir les opinions de la gent corrent en comptes de la dels crítics. Un full de donació Yom Kippur va inspirar els fulls donats als espectadors de cinema enquestats. La companyia realitza enquestes al públic que ha vist una pel·lícula als cinemes, demanant-los que valorin la pel·lícula i especifiquin què els va atreure a ella. Els seus resultats es publiquen a Entertainment Weekly. CinemaScore també realitza enquestes per determinar l'interès del públic en llogar pel·lícules en vídeo, desglossar la demografia per edats i sexe i transmetre informació a empreses de vídeo com Fox Video Corporation.

L'enquestadora de CinemaScore, Dede Gilmore, va informar de la tendència el 1993: "La majoria de les pel·lícules obtenen fàcilment un B+. Crec que la gent ve amb ganes d'entreteniment. Tenen les expectatives elevades. Són més indulgents amb les seves qualificacions. Però com cada cop ho fan més i més (els cinèfils), arriben a ser crítics més forts". El 1993, les pel·lícules classificades amb A incloïen Scent of a Woman, A Few Good Men i Falling Down. Les pel·lícules classificades amb B incloïen Sommersby i Untamed Heart. Una pel·lícula de categoria C de l'any va ser Body of Evidence.

CinemaScore al principi informava dels seus resultats als consumidors, i hi incloïa una columna de diaris i un programa de ràdio. Després que la 20th Century Fox s'apropés a la companyia el 1989, va començar a vendre les dades a estudis. CinemaScore va crear un lloc web el 1999, després de tres anys de retard en què el president va demanar patrocini a revistes i empreses de vídeo. Brad Peppard va ser president de CinemaScore Online des del 1999 fins al 2002. El lloc web incloïa una base de dades de prop de 2.000 llargmetratges i les reaccions del públic a ells. Abans del llançament, els resultats de CinemaScore havien estat publicats a Las Vegas Review-Journal i  al Reno Gazette-Journal. L'expansió de CinemaScore a Internet va incloure una subscripció setmanal de correu electrònic per a cinèfils, per estar al dia dels informes de reaccions del públic.

El 1999, CinemaScore puntuava aproximadament 140 pel·lícules a l'any, incloent el 98-99% de les principals estrenes dels grans estudis. Per a cada pel·lícula, els empleats enquestaven entre 400 i 500 visitants de cinema en tres dels 15 llocs de CinemaScore, que incloïen les ciutats de Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Diego, Denver, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Dallas, Atlanta, Tampa, Phoenix i Coral Springs.

L'estiu del 2002, CinemaScore va informar que la temporada tenia el grau col·lectiu més gran des del 1995. A l'estiu del 2000, 25 de 32 pel·lícules van rebre un grau A o B. Vint-i-sis de les 30 pel·lícules de l'estiu del 2001 van obtenir qualificacions similars, mentre que les 32 pel·lícules de l'estiu del 2002 van obtenir qualificacions similars, sent aquesta última la ràtio més alta en una dècada.

Des del juliol del 2014, CinemaScore també informa dels seus resultats a Twitter i, a partir del 16 de gener del 2016, va començar amb Collateral Beauty per utilitzar per a cadascun d'ells una imatge amb el cartell de la pel·lícula a l'esquerra i la nota obtinguda a la dreta.

Normalment, només les pel·lícules que s'estrenen en més de 1.500 pantalles s'enquesten i s'informen al lloc web i a les xarxes socials de CinemaScore. El distribuïdor d'una pel·lícula que s'estrena en menys pantalles pot contractar opcionalment amb CinemaScore per obtenir una enquesta privada, el resultat de la qual només es divulgarà al client.

Sistema de valoracions
CinemaScore es descriu a si mateixa com "el líder de la indústria a mesurar l'atractiu de les pel·lícules". Hi ha de 35 a 45 equips de representants de CinemaScore presents a 25 grans ciutats de tota Amèrica del Nord. Cada divendres, els representants de cinc ciutats escollides a l'atzar donen una petita targeta d'enquesta al públic dels dies d'estrena. La targeta demana l'edat, el gènere, la nota de la pel·lícula (A, B, C, D o F), si llogarien o comprarien la pel·lícula en DVD o Blu-ray i per què van escollir la pel·lícula. Normalment CinemaScore rep unes 400 cartes per pel·lícula; la companyia calcula una taxa de resposta del 65% i un marge d'error del 6%.

Es calcula una nota global d'A + i F com la mitjana de les notes donades pels respondents. En aquest cas, les qualificacions diferents d'F es qualifiquen amb un plus (extrem superior), menys (extrem baix) o cap (mitjà). Les valoracions es divideixen per sexe i grups d'edat (menors de 21, 21-34, 35 anys i més). Els estudis de cinema i altres subscriptors reben les dades aproximadament a les 23:00, hora del Pacífic. CinemaScore publica la qualificació de les pel·lícules al públic a través de les xarxes socials i, tot i que les dades detallades són propietàries, les notes es comparteixen àmpliament als mitjans de comunicació i a la indústria. Els anuncis posteriors per a pel·lícules molt ben classificades solen citar les qualificacions de CinemaScore.

Com que el públic de la nit d'estrena presumiblement està més entusiasmat amb una pel·lícula que els clients habituals, un grau C d'ells és, segons el Los Angeles Times, "una mala notícia, l'equivalent a una nota fallida". Segons Ed Mintz, "les A en general són bones, les B en general són inestables, i les C són terribles. Les D i les F signifiquen que no haurien d'haver fet la pel·lícula, o la van promoure divertida i el públic equivocat hi va entrar". Les pel·lícules de terror són constantment inferiors; A The Conjuring va ser la primera vegada que una pel·lícula de terror va obtenir millors resultats que B+. Harold Mintz de CinemaScore va dir que "Una F en una pel·lícula de terror equival a una B− en una comèdia".

Una nota d'A+ de CinemaScore per a una pel·lícula normalment prediu un èxit de taquilla. Des del 1982 fins a l'agost del 2011, només 52 pel·lícules (aproximadament dues a l'any) van rebre la màxima nota, inclosos set premis de l'Acadèmia a la millor pel·lícula. Des del 2000 fins al gener del 2020, hi va haver 53 pel·lícules amb A+. A partir del 15 de juliol de 2020, unes 90 pel·lícules han rebut A +.

Entre el 2004 i el 2014, els classificats A+ i A van tenir múltiples de 4,8 i 3,6, respectivament, mentre que els ingressos totals de les pel·lícules classificades en C van ser 2,5 vegades el cap de setmana de l'estrena. Ed Mintz va citar Leonardo DiCaprio i Tom Cruise com les "dues estrelles que, no importa com de dolenta sigui la pel·lícula, poden tirar (les projeccions) cap amunt". (Shutter Island de DiCaprio tenia un múltiple d'ingressos de 3,1 malgrat un grau C+, i Vanilla Sky de Cruise tenia un múltiple de 4 amb un grau D).

A partir del 2020, 21 pel·lícules han rebut la qualificació F de CinemaScore. Vulture va escriure que, a més a més de l'horror, Un altre tipus de pel·lícula apareix de manera destacada a la llista: anomenem-la "Autorisme enganyós". Són pel·lícules realitzades per destacats directors, sovint nominats a l'Oscar, que investiguen temes arriscats i controvertits i reben tant elogis com paelles. Però a causa del funcionament de la indústria cinematogràfica (el nom d'un director en solitari no és suficient per aconseguir que la majoria de la gent vagi a veure alguna cosa), tendeixen a ser comercialitzats com a pel·lícules de gènere més directes, donant lloc a un munt d'enganyats i enutjats membres del públic.Vulture va citar com a exemples d'aquestes pel·lícules de categoria F: Solaris de Steven Soderbergh amb George Clooney, Killing Them Softly d'Andrew Dominik amb Brad Pitt i Mother! de Darren Aronofsky amb Jennifer Lawrence.

En un assaig per a The Hollywood Reporter, Martin Scorsese va criticar fermament aquest tipus d'enfocament escrivint: "El judici brutal que ha convertit els ingressos del cap de setmana en un esport d'espectadors sanguinari sembla haver fomentat un enfocament encara més brutal de la revisió de pel·lícules. Parlo d'empreses d'investigació de mercat com CinemaScore [...]. Tenen tot a veure amb el negoci del cinema i no tenen absolutament res a veure ni amb la creació ni amb la visualització intel·ligent de pel·lícules. El cineasta es redueix a un fabricant de contingut i un espectador." Harold Mintz, de CinemaScore, va rebutjar que es comparés amb Rotten Tomatoes i va defensar la seva metodologia d'enquestar públics selectes la nit d'estrena d'una pel·lícula, per veure si la pel·lícula compleix les expectatives de la gent que més la vol veure i va defensar, a més, la precisió de les seves dades i la correlació amb els resultats de taquilla.

Els executius de Hollywood es divideixen en la precisió de CinemaScore. Un va dir a Deadline Hollywood: "No sempre és correcte, però és un indicador bastant bo. Jo hi confio", mentre que un altre va dir que el competidor PostTrak era "molt millor... més exhaustiu i profund".

Llista de les pel·lícules amb qualificació A+

Fins al 2019, només dos directors han aconseguit entrar a la llista tres vegades: Rob Reiner (1987, 1989, 1992) i Alex Kendrick (2011, 2015, 2019). Els següents directors han estat a la llista dues vegades: Steven Spielberg (1982, 1993), James Cameron (1991, 1997), Robert Zemeckis (1994, 2004), Pete Docter (2001, 2009), Malcolm D. Lee (2013, 2017), Peter Berg (2013, 2016), Erwin Brothers (2015, 2018), Brad Bird (2004, 2018) i George Tillman Jr. (1997, 2018).

Llista de les pel·lícules amb qualificació F

Referències

Enllaços externs

Cinema als Estats Units
Màrqueting


text:
Press Releases Rep. Oldenburg: Local legislators honor longtime agriculture broadcaster and Wisconsin native Orion...
Rep. Oldenburg: Local legislators honor longtime agriculture broadcaster and Wisconsin native Orion Samuelson
MADISON – Representative Loren Oldenburg (R-Viroqua), Representative Nancy VanderMeer (R-Tomah), and Senator Patrick Testin (R-Stevens Point), who represent much of rural Western and Central Wisconsin in the legislature, have chosen to honor nationally known agricultural broadcaster Orion Samuelson with a legislative citation.
Samuelson, who was born in Ontario, Wisconsin, began his broadcasting career in Sparta, Wisconsin – a career that would span more than six decades. The longtime host of The U.S. Farm Report (now known as This Week in AgriBusiness) will retire from WGN Radio in Chicago at the end of this month.
Legislative citations are used to congratulate the recipient on their accomplishments on behalf of the Wisconsin State Legislature, and the three area legislators felt strongly that Mr. Samuelson has earned special recognition for his dedication to farmers and farming.
This legislative citation is one of several awards and honors that Samuelson has received throughout his career, including being inducted into the National Radio and Norsk Høstfest Scandinavian-American Halls of Fame. He has also received an Oscar, a 4-H Alumni Award, and the American Farm Bureau's Distinguished Service Award.


text:
Australia-Oceania :: Vanuatu
Introduction ::Vanuatu
Multiple waves of colonizers, each speaking a distinct language, migrated to the New Hebrides in the millennia preceding European exploration in the 18th century. This settlement pattern accounts for the complex linguistic diversity found on the archipelago to this day. The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980, when the new name of Vanuatu was adopted.
Geography ::Vanuatu
Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia
16 00 S, 167 00 E
note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited
slightly larger than Connecticut
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April
mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m
manganese, hardwood forests, fish
permanent crops: 10.25%
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis
volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head
most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94
a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well
People and Society ::Vanuatu
noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)
adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
Ni-Vanuatu 97.6%, part Ni-Vanuatu 1.1%, other 1.3% (2009 est.)
local languages (more than 100) 63.2%, Bislama (official; creole) 33.7%, English (official) 2%, French (official) 0.6%, other 0.5% (2009 est.)
Protestant 70% (includes Presbyterian 27.9%, Anglican 15.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.5%, Assemblies of God 4.7%, Church of Christ 4.5%, Neil Thomas Ministry 3.1%, and Apostolic 2.2%), Roman Catholic 12.4%, customary beliefs 3.7% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 12.6%, none 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2009 est.)
15-24 years: 19.8% (male 26,341/female 26,620)
55-64 years: 5% (male 6,751/female 6,599)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 5,020/female 4,766) (2014 est.)
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
PORT-VILA (capital) 47,000 (2011)
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
5% of GDP (2009)
male: NA 84.9%
female: NA 81.6% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Government ::Vanuatu
conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu
conventional short form: Vanuatu
local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu
local short form: Vanuatu
former: New Hebrides
parliamentary republic
name: Port-Vila (on Efate)
geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E
time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba
30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)
effective 30 July 1980; amended 1981, 1983, 1988 (2006)
mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law
chief of state: President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government: Prime Minister Joe NATUMAN (since 14 May 2014)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
election results: Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Joe NATUMAN elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the government of Moana CARCASSES Kalosil on 15 May 2014
unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 30 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP 8, PPP 6, UMP 5, GJP 4, NUP 4, IG 3, GC 3, NAG 3, RMC 3, MPP 2, NIPDP 2, PSP 1, VLDP 1, VNP 1, VPDP 1, VRP 1, and independent 4; note - political party associations are fluid
note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals from the Supreme Court are considered by the Court of Appeal, constituted by 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court sitting together
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 4-member advisory body; judges appointed until age of retirement
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; island courts
Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES Kalosil]
Iauko Group or IG [NA]
Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pati) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU]
Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]
Nagriamel movement or NAG [NA]
Natatok Indigenous People's Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT]
National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI]
People's Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN]
People's Service Party or PSP [Don KEN]
Reunification of Movement for Change or RMC [Charlot SALWAI]
Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]
Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]
Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]
Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE]
Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU]
Vanuatu Progressive Development Party or VPDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL]
Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcellino PIPITE]
ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IOM, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN
the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea, currently Ambassador Walter E. North, is accredited to Vanuatu
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele fern fronds, all in yellow; red represents the blood of boars and men, green the richness of the islands, and black the ni-Vanuatu people; the yellow Y-shape - which reflects the pattern of the islands in the Pacific Ocean - symbolizes the light of the Gospel spreading through the islands; the boar's tusk is a symbol of prosperity frequently worn as a pendant on the islands; the fern fronds represent peace
boar's tusk
name: "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi" (We, We, We)
lyrics/music: Francois Vincent AYSSAV
note: adopted 1980, the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French
Economy ::Vanuatu
This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002, the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid.
$1.27 billion (2013 est.)
$828 million (2013 est.)
industry: 9.7%
copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish
food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning
agriculture: 65%
industry: 5%
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
revenues: $203.5 million
expenditures: $201.3 million (2013 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
20% (31 December 2010 est.)
6% (31 December 2009 est.)
$644 million (31 December 2013 est.)
$43.1 million (2013 est.)
copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee
Thailand 41.9%, Cote dIvoire 30.5%, Japan 14.7% (2012)
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels
China 20.2%, Singapore 18.8%, US 15%, Japan 11.6%, Australia 10.4%, Fiji 5.2%, NZ 4.8% (2012)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$21.3 million (31 December 2013 est.)
vatu (VUV) per US dollar -
92.38 (2013 est.)
Energy ::Vanuatu
55 million kWh (2010 est.)
51.15 million kWh (2010 est.)
28,000 kW (2010 est.)
838 bbl/day (2010 est.)
149,000 Mt (2011 est.)
Communications ::Vanuatu
international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available (2008)
.vu
Transportation ::Vanuatu
paved: 256 km
by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 8, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 24, vehicle carrier 1
foreign-owned: 72 (Belgium 1, Canada 5, China 1, Greece 3, Japan 39, Norway 1, Poland 9, Russia 7, Singapore 2, Taiwan 1, UAE 1, US 2) (2010)
major seaport(s): Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila
Military ::Vanuatu
no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2013)
males age 16-49: 62,216 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 43,331
females age 16-49: 44,927 (2010 est.)
male: 2,323
female: 2,230 (2010 est.)
Transnational Issues ::Vanuatu
Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France


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Home Actress Sarah Jessica Parker Lifestyle, Wiki, Net Worth, Income, Salary, House, Cars, Favorites,...
Sarah Jessica Parker Lifestyle, Wiki, Net Worth, Income, Salary, House, Cars, Favorites, Affairs, Awards, Family, Facts & Biography
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Sarah Jessica Parker is an American actress, producer and designer. She is known for her role as Carrie Bradshaw on the HBO television series Sex and the City, for which she won two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Comedy Series and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters in American television. She later reprised the role in films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2. She has also launched multiple brands of her own which include the perfume Lovely and a footwear line named SJP Collection.
Actress, Producer
Birthday / Date of Birth
Sarah Jessica Parker was born on March 25, 1965, in Nelsonville, Ohio, United States.
She's currently 54 years old.
Sarah has Eastern European Jewish ancestry on her dad's side. She is of English and German descent on her mother's side.
Sarah Jessica Parker attended Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey. Subsequently, Parker attended the School of American Ballet in New York City, the New York Professional Children's School, the School for Creative and Performing Arts in Cincinnati and Hollywood High School in Los Angeles.
Father – Stephen Parker (Entrepreneur and journalist)
Mother – Barbara Parker (née Keck) (Nursery school operator and teacher)
Siblings – Timothy Britten Parker (Older Brother) (Actor), Pippin Parker (Brother) (Theatre Director)
Sarah Jessica Parker has dated –
Michael J. Fox (1984) – In 1984, Sarah dated Canadian actor, Michael J. Fox for a couple of months.
Robert Downey Jr. (1984-1991) – The actors Robert Downey Jr. and Sarah Jessica Parker were an item for seven years from 1984 to 1991.
John Kennedy Jr. (1991) – American businessman, John Kennedy Jr. had a fling with actress Sarah Jessica Parker in 1991.
Matthew Broderick (1992-Present) – In 1992, Sarah finally started dating actor Matthew Broderick. She was introduced to him via one of her brothers at N*ked Angels theater company. On May 19, 1997, the couple married in a civil ceremony in Manhattan. The couple has three children, son James Wilkie Broderick (born – October 2002) and twin daughters, Marion Loretta Elwell and Tabitha Hodge (born – June 2009). The daughters were born via surrogacy.
Physical Statistics
In feet – 5 feet 3 inches
In centimeters – 160 cm
In meters – 1.60 m
In Kilograms – 56 kg
In Pounds – 124 lbs
Measurements – 37-24-34
Bust – 37 inches
Waist – 24 inches
Hip – 34 inches
Bra Size – 32E
Body Build
She wears a size 7 (US) shoe.
Her dress size is 4 (US).
Professional Statistics
Playing Carrie Bradshaw in the HBO's romantic sitcom S*x and the City from 1998 to 2004. She was also the executive producer of the show.
Film Debut
Sarah first appeared in 1974 in the film The Little Match Girl for her title role as The Little Match Girl.
Television Debut
In 1980, Parker appeared in 3 episodes of PBS's science educational television show 3-2-1 Contact for her role as Annie.
Garnier's Nutrisse hair color line, priceline.com (2001), Lux Shower Gel (2004), St. Jude's Children Hospital (2005), Garnier Skin Naturals (2007), GAP, Covet designer fragrance (2007), Shopping Cidade Jardim (2008), Garnier Ultra-Lift Pro Deep Wrinkle Cream (2009), Ramblin' Root Beer, Rock The Vote with Robert Downey Jr. (1988) and SJP NYC fragrance (2010).
Sarah Jessica Parker Favorites
Favorite Actor – Jack Nicholson
Favorite Actress – Meryl Streep
Favorite Food Indulgences – Pasta, Bacon, Cheese
Favorite Movie – The Way We Were (1973), Melancholia (2011)
Favorite Drink – Coca-Cola
Favorite Dessert – Sister's Brownies
Favorite Restaurant – Gradisca (in downtown New York)
Favorite Activity – Walking
Favorite Band – 70s band Parliament, Trombone Shorty
Favorite Song (Lyrics) – Another Hundred People (By Stephen Sondheim)
Favorite Country – Greece
Favorite Pizza Topping – Sausage, Peppers, Onions
Favorite Curse Word – Sh*t
Sarah Jessica Parker has a estimated net worth of $100 million dollars as of 2019.
Facebook – Sarah Jessica Parker
Instagram – sarahjessicaparker
Twitter – Sarah Jessica Parker
Some Lesser Known Facts About Sarah Jessica Parker
As a child, Parker has lived in Cincinnati (in Ohio), Dobbs Ferry (in New York), Englewood (in New Jersey), Manhattan.
Parker has her own perfume line called Sarah Jessica Parker Lovely and has her own clothing line too called Bitten.
Parker is a UNICEF Ambassador.
Jessica is trained in ballet and singing.
In 1998, she started playing the lead role of Carrie Bradshaw in the TV series Sex and the City. The show became very popular in the coming years and was nominated for fifty Emmy Awards, winning seven.
She prefers to have BlackBerry over the popular iPhone.
If Parker had a tattoo, she would have it on the bottom of her foot.
In 2013, she played a voice role in Escape from Planet Earth, a Canadian-American animated film which was her first voice role in a movie. The film was a commercial success but was met with mixed to negative reviews.
Sarah would like to have coffee with author David Remnick.
In 2017, she won the People's Choice Award for her role in the HBO TV series Divorce.
Sarah Jessica Parker Affairs
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