text:
Columbus contractor defaults on over $14 million in taxpayer projects
Jona Ison
Lancaster Eagle Gazette
CHILLICOTHE - A Columbus-based construction firm has voluntarily defaulted on at least three taxpayer funded projects with combined costs of over $14 million.
The USA Today Network- Ohio has confirmed Palmetto Construction has quit three public projects — a jail in Ross County, a Reynoldsburg fire department and a state park visitors center — with combined costs of over $14 million and about $5.6 million already paid to Palmetto.
A lawsuit from Palmetto's bonding company, however, alleges Palmetto defaulted on six projects on Feb. 6 but it does not specify the projects. The suit also alleges Palmetto has been fraudulently transferring or selling property to protect it from collateral claims.
At least two other public projects ran into problems with Palmetto's subcontractors not being paid, leading one — the Ohio State University — to fire Palmetto. The Ohio Attorney General's Office also has confirmed they "have been working on construction cases involving Palmetto."
Palmetto hasn't responded to what's happened — the general voicemail box at its Ohio headquarters is full as is the one for CEO Casey Cusack, and an email hasn't been answered. Robert Onda, an attorney listed as Palmetto's agent with the Ohio Secretary of State, declined comment through a receptionist.
"We don't know the exact situation. They may be completely wrapping up," said Mark Evans, an attorney at Bricker & Eckler, the Columbus law firm representing the Ross County Commissioners.
While Evans has no confirmation from Palmetto, which also has locations in other states including Florida, it's certainly the impression being left behind and quite the opposite from less than a year ago when Palmetto was noted for its growth.
Ongoing problems
For months, the mere mention of the Ross County Jail project to most anyone with the sheriff's or county commissioners offices was guaranteed to get a disgruntled response, an agitated sigh.
The project was primarily focused on updates such as new locks and doors for cells as well as needed maintenance like replacing the roof. The plans also included creating a new, larger infirmary. It was supposed to be done on Oct. 30, 2018, but as of December, the project was a full year behind.
"We have several things that were started, the roof, masonry work on the outside ... We figure maybe only a quarter of it is done," said Ross County Commissioner Doug Corcoran
Ross County Administrator Brad Cosenza, who has been working more directly with the project, called Corcoran's estimate "generous" while the Dec. 12 change order proposal from Palmetto reported 36.73 percent of the project — about $2 million of the project — was finished as of the end of November.
In December, Palmetto submitted a "Phase Two Proposal" with change orders increasing the project costs $3.2 million including a $10,000 remobilization fee for coming off "winter break" and a request for full payment of the first phase.
The county has paid more than $1.2 million for the project since June, and as of March 5, there were no pending invoices, according to Ross County Auditor Tom Spetnagel.
"There was no original second phase," Cosenza said. "This was issued by Palmetto only after they did not meet the deadline of the contract completion date which was October 30, 2018. This was never accepted by the commissioners."
On Feb. 6, the Ross County Commissioners were written two letters — one from Palmetto defaulting on the project and another from the Ohio Bureau of Adult Detention closing the project down. The bureau had conducted a site visit the day before and found "significant issues of potential non-compliance" with the bureau's rules for jail construction projects.
Ross County was just one of possibly six clients Palmetto wrote to that day. The USA Today Network-Ohio confirmed Palmetto also quit a $5.1 million project for a new visitors center at Hocking Hills and the new $3.7 million firehouse project Truro Township voters in Franklin County are paying for with a 2.5-mill tax levy.
The defaults are quite a change for Palmetto whose Ohio operation was named to Inc. 5000's list of fastest growing private companies in August 2018. The listing shows Palmetto's 2017 revenue was $21.5 million and they'd grown 165 percent over three years.
The Hocking Hills project was delayed from the start moving from an October 2018 finish to December 2018, according to Palmetto's own news release.
"Safety and meeting our schedule deadlines are the number one priorities to our team and the client on this project," CEO Casey Cusack said in the release. "We ran into a couple delays but we stayed focused and found workarounds to get us back on track."
Jeff Westhoven, chief of program services for the Ohio Facilities Construction Commission, said about 60-65 percent of the project is complete and the state has paid $2.9 million of the $5.1 million contract.
Like Ross County, the state also received a change order request shortly before the default alleging "plan deficiencies and coordination issues."
"The request was approximately $160K with a reservation to seek additional damages. This claim was rejected," Westhoven said via email.
A lawsuit filed by Palmetto's surety noted the state had sent Palmetto a "notice of intent to terminate contract" dated Dec. 11, 2018. State officials reported Palmetto has no other state contracts.
The Truro fire station project, which involved razing the old station and building a new one, was supposed to be done Jan. 11, but instead it's maybe half constructed, said Fire Chief Jeff Sharps.
Red flags with the fire station project began in November when Palmetto pushed the completion date back to April 18, primarily due to steel needed to create arched windows over the bay doors, Sharps said.
"They were basically blaming it on that. Then we started getting phone calls from subcontractors saying, 'We're not getting paid. Are you paying Palmetto?' ... We would have subcontractors show up for a month and basically be due payment and not come back (to finish)," Sharps said, adding the township has paid about $1.5 million to Palmetto.
Both Sharps and Cosenza reported some subcontractors said they hadn't been paid for work done under Palmetto for a veterinarian simulation lab project at Ohio State University.
"We started hearing rumors in April about the OSU job. By June, we had contractors on our own job asking about (our) payments being made to Palmetto," Cosenza said.
Nicole Holman, assistant director of marketing and communications at OSU, confirmed the university terminated Palmetto from their project in August 2018 — a month after Palmetto had shared a story about the project on Facebook, saying "Our Vet Hospital Simulation crew worked around the clock to finish this project on time!"
According to Holman, there were 16 liens previously filed on the project, but there currently are no open, valid liens.
"A settlement was negotiated between the university, Palmetto and a third party to ensure a process was established for payment to subcontractors," Holman said via email.
Columbus City Schools has had a similar issue with Palmetto on its more than $4.5 million enrollment center renovation. As of Friday, five subcontractors have filed liens on the project, according to district spokesman Scott Varner.
"The District is withholding our final payment of about $100,000 (or about 2% of the more than $4.5 million total) to Palmetto while we wait for Palmetto to finish a final punch list of work items (overall renovations are complete). That work still has yet to be accomplished," Varner said via email.
While the Ohio Attorney General's Office confirmed they're involved "in relation" to the Palmetto Construction issues, they declined disclosing specific details of their involvement due to the ongoing work, spokesman Dominic Binkley said via email, specifically mentioning the OSU and Hocking Hills projects.
Since Palmetto defaulted, what happens next depends on Ohio Farmers Insurance Company which holds the surety bonds on the three projects — a requirement for public projects in Ohio.
Farmers filed an 80-page lawsuit (including exhibits) against Palmetto on Feb. 19 in Medina County Common Pleas Court. According to the complaint, Farmers has made $568,619.55 in bonded loss payments and "anticipates additional losses."
The complaint alleges Palmetto's real estate is being sold or transferred in ways to protect it from collateral claims including one property was sold to a partner not named on the bond, another was sold to a limited liability company formed by Cusack in December 2018.
The suit asks the court, in part, to prevent Palmetto from divesting itself of additional property and order Palmetto to deposit $1.6 million in collateral.
An exhibit with the suit lists 40 project bonds with 16 still open for various public projects including the three project defaults the Gazette confirmed, the Columbus schools project, and the OSU lab project as well as one for OSU's faculty club patio.
The other open bonds are: alterations of Licking County offices on East Main Street in Newark; a "pray and play" park in Delaware; a picnic pavilion in Urbancrest; renovations for the Dublin Service Center; administrative building work for Southwest Licking Local Schools; an equine facility project at Rickenbacker International; erosion control for the City of Fishers in Indiana; and a "buildout" at the American Museum of National History for the Columbus Downtown Development Corporation.
While the projects in Truro Township and at Hocking Hills are already moving forward again, the path in Ross County isn't so clear.
"We're waiting to see what the bond company does," Corcoran said.
Attorney Mark Evans outlined three possible paths Farmers could take — hire another contractor to oversee the remainder of the project; manage the project themselves; or reimburse the county for costs incurred to complete the project beyond the bid up to the amount of the bond.
"It's difficult to tell (how long it will take)," Evans said. "Every project is different and every surety is different, too."


text:
Oh dear, Mike Weir…
By Stephanie Wei under PGA Tour
Sigh. Where's my game?
Mike Weir. Remember him? Canada's golden golfer who won the 2003 Masters, along with seven other PGA Tour events, including a WGC tournament and the 2003 Bob Hope Classic.
Last time Weir made the cut was the 2011 AT&T National. Wouldn't it be nice if he broke his missed-cut streak here?
For 53 holes, it looked like that would be the case. He was eight-under going into the 9th at the Palmer Course, his last hole of the day (started on No. 10). Unfortunately, he dunked two in the water — check out this graphic I tweeted via ShotLink — and posted a triple-bogey to miss the cut by three shots at the Humana Challenge.
I'm betting he had a brain fart or two on that hole. I mean, you know what was running through his mind. He likely had an idea of where he stood with the cut line before pushing his tee ball in the water on no. 9.
Weir has obviously struggled in the past few years, partly due to injuries. In his last 18 starts, he's missed 17 cuts and one WD. Last season he made 14 starts and failed to make the cut all year. In 2011 his best finish was T70 at the AT&T National. He only made one other cut in 15 starts and withdrew from two events on the PGA Tour. (Yes, I cringed, too, when looking up his results.)
Luckily, Weir has had a lucrative career and ranks 18th in the PGA Tour All-Time money leaders with about $26.8 million in earnings. He's allowed two exemptions based on this — one for top 50 and another for top 25. That's how he's getting into tournaments this year because the phone probably isn't ringing off the hook from tournament directors and sponsors offering him exemptions.
Yet, he's still fighting to find his form. Good news is he broke 70 twice in the last three rounds. He failed to break 70 in an official tournament in 2012. Most of his scores ranged from 75 to 83.
It's no doubt disheartening to keep the faith when you're in that much of a slump. What keeps him going? In December he told The National Post's Cam Cole that it was the desire to prove everyone wrong…again:
It's always been about that," he said, on the phone from his home outside Salt Lake City. "I've heard since I was a junior golfer I'd never be good enough to be a college player, and then I'd never be a good pro, and then I'd never make it off the Canadian Tour …
"This is another setback I've had to go through, kind of the perfect storm of bad scenarios, of injuries, of getting into some funky problems, of being stubborn … but it is where I am now. I'm feeling good again and I'm sure there's some good golf ahead of me.
"I know it's easier said than done, because, no question, it's been very stressful. To go out there and play that poorly is an awful feeling, there's no joy in it when you're used to a certain level. It's very demanding mentally to try to keep an attitude and wake up the next day and get back to the grind, but I've been able to do that."
I guess he'll keep on grinding at the next event. This one has to hurt, though.
(Photo via GD)
#2013 Humana Challenge, #Mike Weir, #Slumps
← Meanwhile, at the Humana Challenge… Don't underestimate Scott Stallings →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Останкинский завод бараночных изделий (ОЗБИ) — предприятие пищевой промышленности в Бутырском районе Москвы, специализирующееся на выпуске баранок и сушек, производит также сухари, хлебные палочки, печенье, другие хлебные снэки.

Создано в 1966 году, в 1993 году акционировано, в 2003 году сменило собственников. Объём производства по состоянию на 2016 год — 29 тонн готовой продукции в сутки при полной суточной мощности 50 тонн, до запуска в 2010 году на Владимирском хлебокомбинате линии мощностью 20 тонн в сутки являлось крупнейшим российским производителем хлебно-снэкового ассортимента.

Производственный комплекс расположен на земельном участке площадью 1,76 га, примыкающим северо-западной частью к территории завода «Карат», и ограниченным с северо-востока Огородным проездом. В непосредственной близости к проходной предприятия находится южный вестибюль станции метро «Бутырская» Московского метрополитена.

История
Датой основания считается 14 июля 1966 года, спроектирован как экспериментальное предприятие, апробирующее технологии выпечки сушечно-бараночного ассортимента для последующего применения на других хлебопекарных производствах, в связи с чем назван «Московский опытный завод бараночных изделий». Главным инженером завода назначен механик Московского комбината бараночных изделий Ефим Бурлаченко, разработавший в 1950-е годы автоматизированный ленточный конвейер, не требующий ручных операций и ошпарки заготовок из теста в кипятке.

К началу 1970-х годов мощность предприятия составила 15 тонн сушек и 5 тонн баранок в сутки. В начале 1970-х годов для завода закуплены две итальянские линии по выпечке гриссини, и впервые в Советском Союзе освоен выпуск этого продукта, первые объёмы производства палочек составляли 20 тыс. пакетов в сутки.

В 1993 году в рамках программы приватизации предприятие было акционировано. В условиях зарождающегося рынка экспериментальные функции предприятия оказались не востребованы, и заводу пришлось напрямую конкурировать с другими производителями отрасли. С 1995 года отмечался значительный спад объёмов производства, а к 2001 году завод работал только трое суток в неделю, отмечались задержки с выплатой заработной платы.

В 2002—2003 годы акции предприятия у трудового коллектива, долгое время не получавшего дивиденды, были скуплены, и сконцентрированы в руках одной группы собственников; существовали ожидания, что завод будет остановлен, а территория подвергнется редевелопменту. Однако предприятие продолжило функционирование, восстановлены объёмы производства, была проведена частичная модернизация.

К 2008 году средний возраст работников предприятия составил 53 года, значительная часть работников — гастарбайтеры из Узбекистана, Таджикистана и Молдавии. В 2008 году предприятие испытывало трудности с закупкой сырья: из-за высокой долговой нагрузки завода многие поставщики отказывались отпускать ему муку в рассрочку. К 2009 году основные долги были погашены, завод получил субсидию от Правительства Москвы в размере 25 млн руб. на модернизацию производства, за 2008—2009 годы штат предприятия увеличен на 20 %. К 2010 году средняя месячная заработная плата рабочих завода составила 30 тыс. руб.

В 2012 году в связи со строительством метро Бутырская непосредственно на территории завода запущены работы по переносу всех коммуникаций (энергоснабжения, телефонных линий, водопровода, системы теплоснабжения).

Производство и сбыт

Основные поставщики сырья — Новомосковский и Подольский мукомольные комбинаты.

Основное оборудование по состоянию на 2008 год — 1950-х годов выпуска. Линии по выпуску хлебных палочек (гриссини) закуплены в 1970 году у итальянских производителей Polin и Pagani e Sacco. Среди конвейерных систем завода отмечались автоматизированная ленточная бараночная линия начала 1970-х годов, созданная в 1986 году нестандартная линия по выпечке сушек с автоматической подачей теста к формовочным машинам мощностью 1700 кг готовой продукции в смену, а также запущенная в конце 2000-х годов бараночная линия с числовым программным управлением мощностью 500 кг в час. В 2010-е годы освоено производство мини-сушек и затяжного печенья.

Торговые марки выпускаемой продукции — «Семейка ОЗБИ», Manifesto и «Коханки», 95 % продукции сбывается в крупные розничноторговые сети, в том числе в «Ашан» и «Дикси», где для продуктов завода выделены специализированные прилавки. Наибольший объём продаж у ванильных баранок, баранок с маком, ванильных и простых сушек. Продукция завода в основном дороже аналогичных изделий других предприятий отрасли. Часть продукции экспортируется, среди стран-импортёров — США, Канада, Израиль, Латвия, Белоруссия, Казахстан.

Собственники и руководство
Директор предприятия в 1990-е годы и до смены собственников в 2003 году — Лидия Фоменко.

В 2003—2008 годы руководила предприятием Ирина Анипченко, генеральный директор с 2008 года — Александр Котов. По состоянию на 2016 год предприятие возглавляет Дмитрий Стерлигов.

Юридическое лицо, управляющее предприятием — закрытое акционерное общество «Останкинский завод бараночных изделий». В отчётных документах от 2013 года генеральным директором закрытого акционерного общества указан Наум Вельтман. Долей в более 98 % закрытого акционерного общества владеют три гражданина Казахстана. На территории предприятия располагается складской центр и грузовая автоколонна компании «Город сладостей», зарегистрированной по адресу имущественного комплекса завода (Огородный проезд, 11) и занимающейся оптовой торговлей кондитерскими изделиями различных производителей; летом 2010 года сообщалось о слиянии завода и «Города сладостей».

Критика
Отмечалось использование образов детей на упаковке продукции, неприменимой для детского питания: в состав печенья с изюмом под маркой «Семейка ОЗБИ» входит недопустимая в детском диетическом рационе сорбиновая кислота.

В 2014 году прокуратура Москвы выявила нарушения правил промышленной безопасности на предприятии, в частности, у завода не было плана мероприятий на случай аварий, а генеральный директор не был аттестован по промышленной безопасности; в связи с нарушениями Ростехнадзором на завод наложен штраф в размере 200 тыс. руб.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Предприятия пищевой промышленности Москвы
Бутырский район

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This article talks about details of implementations of the YOLO algorithm with Keras. I'm not talking about the exact YOLO implementation, but rather of how we come to YOLO from ML principles. We'll stay close to the YOLO v1 implementation.
YOLO is a deep learning model that can predict object classes and location. It belongs to the group of classifications algorithm. Compared to other methods it is simple, fast, and robust. YOLO is simple because it is a regressional model only, which means that it only use deep learning to directly predict results. It is fast, thanks for its single pass model. It is robust, because it use the whole context of the image to do a prediction, so it is less sensible to patterns inside a subpart of the image.
YOLO being a deep learning model, we will first need a set of labeled of images to train our network. From my own experience, I felt that it's often problematic how to get good data at the beginning. We'll examine different ways to obtain one.
Next we'll dig more into the YOLO architecture. The most important thing we need to learn is how YOLO encode it's predictions. The encoding of the data is key to the understanding the model. Then, we need to evaluate the confidence of the predicted boxes.
Finally we'll see how to practically combine all the above into the final loss function with Keras. The final code is available on my github. The implementation is done with the minimum of code for better comprehension. I'll also discuss the code at the end of that article.
A good dataset determine how well a network will learn. If the dataset ignore some object, the network will learn to ignore them as well. A good dataset for YOLO is one that has accurate bounding boxes for all objects that appear. I had an extra constraint of processing power as I only train model on CPU alone. I don't recommend it, but it's still a doable task if you can accepts some concession with your datasets.
The usual options to get a dataset are : downloading one, building one, generating one. Let's take a tour of them.
Downloading a dataset is the easiest option. Kaggle has a lot of them too. Google can help you locate one too. It's the simplest way, but it's not always possible to find a good dataset. They are often quite large (in Gigabytes ), so they are not suitable for little tests. With limited power, it's possible to reprocess one by reducing image size.
The second possibility is to create one. It's a rather long and manual process. Experienced people say you should aim to have at least 500 examples of objects for each class to train YOLO with good generalisation. More is better, but it'll also take more time to train. Once you have collected images, you'll need to label them. BBox-Label-Tool. LabelImg , Yolo Mark and CVAT are all software that can be used for labelling. It's a time consuming solution, but the best one if you have unique data. Don't rush it, the quality of the learning of the network depends of the quality of the dataset.
The third possibility, and the one I used here, is to generate a dataset programmatically. This solution certainly produce less realistic dataset, but it is still a good choice because you can control how complex your data can be : how many items, how dense, etc… I used the python object library for this. I generate images with the texts chat and rat randomly placed inside an image. As we are generating images, we write bounding boxes of objects in a text file named the same way as their image.
Data file generated by the generator : each cell predict class, one box and confidence of the presence.
Let's dive into into the YOLO algorithm itself now. The structure of the data is very important in the YOLO algorithm comprehension : YOLO divide the image in a grid. For each cell YOLO predict a class of object in the form of a one hot vector, five boxes and a confidence score for each box. So if we had a grid of 2*2 and 3 classes of object, the output of our network will be 2*2*(3+5*(4+1)). YOLO itself use a 15*15 grid. Mauricio Menegaz explains that structure really well. I won't details that much, so I encourage you to read his article. Instead we'll see more about details of how to implement that in Keras.
Making a grid mathematically is something that is not described in the YOLO paper and I wasn't sure of how to implement it. I found another YOLO Keras implementation that made that clear.
The trick is to have the network to predict coordinates that are limited in their range to a single cell. To limit the values that the network can output we use sigmoid on it's output. Sigmoid is a common activation function in deep learning but here we use it for it's property of only taking values between 0 and 1.
Since we only predict value between 0 and 1, we will consider width and height to be in the system of coordinate of the image. A box of image width will have a width of 1.
For positional coordinates, we don't want the network to predict coordinates outside of the box so we use the cell system of coordinate. X=0 will place the center of the box on the left of the cell. X=1 will place the center of the box on the right of the cell. During the training we'll need to add the offset of the cell so that we are in image space. We do this by adding a tensor of offset to the network prediction in the loss function.
YOLO use a backed of conv2D, leaky relu and max pooling for pattern detection, then a prediction layer composed of two densely connected layers. The first one large and the second one smaller that returns the predictions for each of our cells.
My data were too simple for the full YOLO architecture, so I used a simpler model, similar to YOLO with less layers, that was good enough and train faster.
The code above looked like a bunch of magical code at the beginning (and YOLO is way deeper ). I understood mathematical 2D convolution, but I had some misunderstanding in their interpretation as deep learning layers. I found these notes from the Stanford CS class to be a very good explanation of Convolution layers in image recognition. The most important thing to understand is that 2D convolution in Keras actually use 3D kernels. There is one 3D kernel for each output channel we want. Each kernel does the convolution on all channels at once and produce one new channel.
Now, let's see next why YOLO picked that specific set of layers.
Multiple stacked Conv2D purpose is to improve the range of captation of information without increasing the computation too much. As an example, two stacked Conv2D with 3×3 kernels have a range of 5 pixels around the current pixel. We could use a 5×5 kernel for the same capture range, but that would require more computation for the convolution layer. Remember that channels actually are 3x3xnb_output_channels.
Max Pooling has a similar purpose as stacked Conv2D with a very different process. It reduces channels by picking only the most activated values at some point. This helps in reducing the noise and also improve the computation as the channels size are reduced by 4.
Conv2D with 1×1 kernel have a very different purpose than Conv2D with larger kernel, so I take it apart. It acts as a filter that select the best features in a channels set and group them as a new channels set. I had difficulties understanding 1×1 filter at the beginning because I was thinking that Conv2D was using a 2D kernel. It's not : the kernel is 3D with a third dimension equal to the number of channels. The reason is that when you stack convolution one after the other, the next layer actually has an input that is not one image but a stack of images (also called filters). Conv2D operate in 2 dimension but process a 3 dimension input. Once you know that it's clear how 1×1 convolution is useful in picking informations inside filter and combining them into a smaller number of layers.
Now we need to write a function that will produce all the things we described above. That model can be trained with the mean square error loss function and we'll produce predictions, but it wouldn't restrict box prediction appropriatly to their cell. Still, YOLO training is mostly MSE with tweaks to improve the the training.
The loss function is a function that grows when the result of the network is far from the solution and decrease when it's close to the solution. The loss function returns a single number no matter how many dimensions are in. It's just like playing hot and cold in many dimensions.
The equation for YOLO can look intimidating at first. The first thing to note is that we are only summing squares, so as we are studying the growth of the function we can just study each part of the function one at a time.
\lambda_coord, \lambda_obj, \lambda_noobj are cooefficients to adjust given the dataset. Adjusting them might help the network train faster and can improve accuracy a little, but they are not very important.
1_ij^obj is 1 when an object exists in the cell, 0 when there is no object. Nullifying a part of the loss function prevents the network from learning in locations where there is nothing to predict.
Keras provide y_true and y_false as input of loss function. A lot of loss function example use the whole y_true and y_pred all at once, but YOLO does not. We need to split data to implement the loss function.
We do it with the python slice operator. When doing this, it's important to understand that y_true and y_pred do not contain a single solution and a single prediction but a complete batch. Tensors operates on the whole batche at once, so it's generally not very apparent in example. It makes a lot of sense once you know it as sending a batch to a GPU is way more efficient if the batch is large.
We must take great care of dimension when doing this. The tensor structure is trying very hard to work for you and it often add in very powerful but very strange ways. It's very important to always know which dimension you are actually adding, or multiplicating. If you don't, it's easy to just sum all features together, which may results in averaging the error of the whole batch, causing the network not learning at all or worse.
One of the tool that help is the tensorflow tf.Print function. Keras generate a derivative of the computation you make in the loss function and doesn't use it anymore after that, so python print won't work within it. tf.Print inject a print command inside the graph of the derivative to eval print the content of tensor while training the network (I suppose it works like that ). You can specify how much data and how many sample you want on the print. It has been really helpful to me for debugging dimensions issues.
Basically the loss is the sum of all square differences between desired coordinates and predicted coordinates for all cells and for all boxes. [$]\lambda_coord[/$] is a coefficient to balance the training between size and coordinates. [$]1_ij^obj[/$] is worth 0 if the cell contains no object and 1 if the cell contains an object. It's role is to avoid training coordinates when there is no object.
Below a raw implementation. I skipped the lambda_coord as it's not essential. 1_obj is y_true_conf.
I first generate a grid of offset. For a 2*2 grid with two boxes for each cell it looks like this : [[[0, 0], [0, 0]], [[1, 0], [1, 0]], [[0, 1], [0, 1]], [[1, 1], [1, 1]]]. The first dimension is the list of images, the second is the list of cells, the third is the list of boxes, the last are individual boxes offsets. As you can see there is an offset for each box.
Then, I reshape features from 3 to last grouping them as boxes inside cells using the K.reshape function. Box prediction contains 5 coordinates : X,Y,width, height and confidence. Reshaping data helps manipulating coordinate. For example pred_boxes[…,0:2] selects x,y coordinates for all boxes.
The end is just a square sum. I sum the last axis until I'm down to the dimension of the list of cells. It's important that we use a common dimension so that we'll be able to sum partial loss at the end. Be always careful of dimensions you are summing because tensors can easily sum differents dimensions as long as they are compatible.
The width and height loss is similar to the position loss. The only difference is that we are using the square root of the loss instead of just the width and height. The intuition for this is that large errors on large box are less a problem that relatively smaller errors on much smaller boxes. I'm not sure how YOLO ensure that width and height prediction are always positive so that taking the square root is ok. In my case I used sigmoid as an output of my network so that's not a problem.
Class loss is as simple as possible. We compute the square of the difference. That's it. 1_obj means as usual.
The confidence predicts how sure the network is that a box accurately predict an object. For true boxes, the confidence is of course 1. They are true boxes, so we have absolute confidence that there is an object here. If the network predict exactly the same box, the confidence is 1. If the network predict some other box we want the network to produce the proportion of intersection between the good box and the predicted box. If there is no object, we want the confidence to drop to 0.
In order to train the network for this, we compute the IOU, the intersection of the currently predicted box with the true box. I take the difference between the two boxes center minus half the size of width and height. We can do both at once because operations are the same horizontally and vertically. Actually we even do this for the whole batch at once. We can then compute the union, and the intersection.
And now we are done ! We just sum all our partial losses together and we return it. The only issue at this point if that you didn't adjust correct dimension for some losses. If you have some issues, try incorporating them one loss at a time and fix eventual issues.
I hope this article made details of implementation of YOLO in Keras more clear and has been helpful to you. As I said in the introduction the code for this humble YOLO implementation is on github.
I write here to consolidate my knowledge about things I try in my computing life.
Recently, my interests dive into Keras and Docker.


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War experiences of veteran J.R.R. Tolkien in 'The Lord of the Rings'
Trenches near Ovillers, where Tolkien went into the battle
Frodo and the Marshes of the Great War
By Nic van Holstein and Rob Ruggenberg
In a BBC television documentary Priscilla Tolkien, daughter of the late J.R.R. Tolkien, spoke about her supposition that the Journey through the Dead Marshes in The Lord of the Rings was in fact a description of the experiences her father had in The Great War.
During the First World War John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was a second lieutenant in the 11th Lancashire Fusiliers (PICTURE RIGHT). He had learned Morse code, the use of signal rockets and field telephones and he served in action as Batallion Signaling Officer.
In June 1916 he was sent to the Somme area in France to participate in the great offensive that was to start on the 1st of July. But in the first weeks of this terrible battle Tolkien's battalion stayed in reserve, safely behind the frontline, in the village of Bouzincourt.
Tolkiens first experience on the front came on Friday 14th July with an unsuccesful attack on the village of Ovillers. British gunfire should have destroyed the barbed wire defences in front of the German trenches, but it had not, as the men found out when they crawled and runned towards the German lines. Many of his battalion were killed by machine gun fire.
After 48 hours of carnage, followed by 24 hours in a dug-out, Tolkien's unit was relieved. When he returned to his hut in Bouzincourt he found a letter telling him that Rob Gilson, one of his dearest friends, had been hit by a shell.
Lieutenant Gilson had been in action on the 1st of July near Bécourt, not far from where Tolkien stayed. The letter was sent by another close friend, lieutenant Geoffrey Smith :
My dear John Ronald,
I saw in the paper this morning that Rob has been killed. I am safe but what does that matter? Do please stick to me, you and Christopher. I am very tired and most frightfully depressed at this worst news. Now one realises in despair what the T.C.B.S. really was.
O my dear John Ronald what ever are we going to do?
Yours ever,
Geoffrey B. Smith
T.C.B.S. stood for the Tea Club and Barrovian Society. It was an unofficial and semi-secret reading club formed in 1911 by Tolkien (PICTURE RIGHT) and his friends Rob Gilson, Geoffrey Smith and Christopher Wiseman, who at that time were all students of the King Edward's School in Birmingham.
The boys shared an great interest in ancient languages, philosophy. literature, natural sciences, mathematics, arts and music. An intense friendship had developed between the four and although they went to different universities, they continued to meet each other. All four had joined the army, though they served in seperate units.
Tolkien wrote back to Geoffrey : "I do not feel a member of a complete body now. I honestly feel that the T.C.B.S has ended."
In the next weeks Tolkien participated in at least one of the disastrous stormings of the Schwaben Redoubt, an impregnable fortification of the German trenches. Again there were heavy losses in his battalion.
From then on he served on and off in the trenches. The desolate environment he lived in is shown in the picture at left, in which two British soldiers are cooking on a 'scrounged' stove in a trench near Ovillers, in July 1916.
In his spare time off duty, in the barracks behind the front, and often disturbed by music from gramophones (as he would later say), Tolkien started writing in a notebook the beginning of a mythology that he initially called The Book of Lost Tales. He would never finish this book, although most of it would eventually be published as The Silmarillon.
In those months Death was omnipresent. Bodies of British and German soldiers lay unburied, stinking and rotting, around him in No Mans Land. Writing became for Tolkien a way to deal with this brutality and barbarity around him. He wrote whenever he found an opportunity, "in huts full of blasphemy and smut, or by candle light in bell-tents, even down in dugouts under shell fire". In a letter to his son Christopher, many years later, he explained :
"I took to 'escapism': or really transforming experience into another form and symbol with Morgoth and Orcs and the Eldalië (representing beauty and grace of life and artefact) and so on; and it has stood me in good stead in many hard years since, and I still draw on the conceptions then hammered out."
Those transformed experiences can easily be found in his books. For instance in the The Lord of the Rings Sam witnesses the death of a Haradrim soldier and realizes how much the enemy looks like himself :
"It was Sam's first view of a battle of Men against Men, and he did not like it much. He was glad that he could not see the dead face. He wondered what the man's name was and where he came from; and if he was really evil at heart, or what lies or threats had led him on the long march from his home; and if he would not really rather have stayed there in peace."
While many of his companions died, Tolkien remained unharmed, until he fell ill with severe trench fever at the end of October 1916.
Body Louse
Trench fever was a much feared infectious disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever with headaches, sore muscles, bones, and joints, and outbreaks of skin lesions on the chest and back. It was transmitted from soldier to soldier by the body louse - and those parasites were here abundantly, hidden in the clothes of the men who lived in the trenches under bad hygienic circumstances. Thousands of men had already reported sick with it.
First Tolkien was taken to a hospital in Le Touquet, behind the front. A week later, when his condition worsened, he was shipped to England. On the 9th of November he arrived in a hospital in Birmingham, the city he had lived in during his youth.
In the meantime, on the Somme front the slaughter went on, although less fierce, because the great British offensive had turned into a total failure. The picture on the right shows soldiers of Tolkiens battalion having a day off, drinking coffee behind the trenches near Ovillers. Only a few of them survived this hell.
In December 1916, while he was still in the hospital, Tolkien received another letter from his reading club companion Geoffrey Smith :
My chief consolation is that if I am scuppered tonight - I am off on duty in a few minutes - there will still be left a member of the great T.C.B.S. to voice what I dreamed and what we all agreed upon. For the death of one of its members cannot, I am determined, dissolve the T.C.B.S. Death can make us loathsome and helpless as individuals, but it cannot put an end to the immortal four! A discovery I am going to communicate to Rob before I go off tonight. And do you write it also to Christopher. May God bless you my dear John Ronald, and may you say things I have tried to say long after I am not there to say them, if such be my lot.
When Tolkien got this letter his friend was already dead. Geoffrey Smith served with the 19th Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers. On 29th November 1916 the battalion was shelled near the village of Souastre, on the road from Doullens to Arras. Geoffrey was seriously injured by a shrapnel hit in a thigh and in his right arm. In the next days he developed gangrene. On 3rd December, at 3:30 in the morning, he died.
The next month, January 1917, Tolkien reported himself fit for orders. But soon he became sick again. His service record files (WO 339/34423) are largely concerned with the various health problems that dominated his time in the army. There are numerous reports made by army medical boards between December 1916 and September 1918 on Tolkien's recovery from trench fever - a slow process punctuated by relapses. Periods of remission enabled him to do home service at various camps sufficiently well to be promoted to full lieutenant - but he never returned to the front.
Killed or POW
In spring 1918 Tolkien received news that those of his battalion who were still serving in France were all killed or taken prisoner at the battle of the Chemin des Dames.
In the Foreword to The Lord of the Rings he wrote :
"One has personally to come under the shadow of war to feel fully its oppression; but as the years go by it seems now often forgotten that to be caught in youth by 1914 was no less hideous an experience than to be involved in 1939 and the following years. By 1918 all but one of my close friends were dead."
The only one left was Christopher Wiseman, who served in the navy. Wiseman survived the war and remained a lifelong close friend to Tolkien. He was one who more than once urged Tolkien to write the fantastic epic he thought and talked about so much.
In the first sentence in the Foreword to The Lord of the Rings Tolkien describes this trilogy as "a history of the Great War of the Ring". Many scenes and depictions in the book seem to come right out of the real Great War, for instance the wastelands created by the evil Sauron and Saruman.
Battlefield in the Great War
Also, as Priscilla Tolkien pointed out, the Journey through the Dead Marshes (in The Two Towers), looks very much like a description of the marshy and swampy battlefields in Northern France and in Flanders. In the course of the war these areas were transformed into deadly mud swamps with slithery clay and shell craters filled with water and corpses. Innumerable soldiers lost their footing and drowned in those treacherous pits. Click here to see an example of how Tolkien used this in his book.
Some of the characters also originate directly from the war. Tolkien, discussing the principal characters in his novel, wrote :
"My Sam Gamgee is indeed a reflexion of the English soldier, of the privates and batmen I knew in the 1914 war, and recognized as so far superior to myself".
Click here to read an illustrated fragment from The Journey through the Dead Marshes. The reference to the Great War is unmistakable.
Sources for this article.
If you want to know more about Tolkien, you can check these webring-sites:


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Not just a STEM outreach project, GLEE aims to mix space science, technology demonstrations, and hands-on activities for students around the globe.
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The Fiber Broadband Association filed at letter at the FCC supporting the FCC's recently proposed changes to the pole attachment process and urged the FCC to adopt those changes at the August 2nd Open Meeting. The FCC's proposed rules to the pole attachment process are positive reforms and will help to accelerate network upgrades and new deployments in many areas throughout the country.
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Cold war fears dbq essay essay
Poetry comparisons
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This is the art which from my early age has won my love, and induced me to expose myself almost all my life to the impetuous waves of the ocean, and led me to explore the coasts of a part of America, especially of New France, where I have always desired to see the Lily flourish, and also the only religion, catholic, apostolic, and Roman.
Eurasia increasingly means "Asia" in which the "Euro" part figures modestly.
The Yellow Jackets had no answers for a tenacious Bulldog defense. Kentucky finishes the regular seasonwhile Louisville, which fired coach Bobby Petrino three weeks ago, finishes atincluding a nine-game losing streak to close the season. Ballard quoted Aldous Huxley as having said of the United States entering the First World War"I dread the inevitable acceleration of American world domination which will be the result of it all Tomorrow air bases may be the highroad to power and domination… Obviously it is only by air bases … that power exercised in the sovereign skies above a nation can be stretched far beyond its shores… Perhaps… future acquisitions of air bases … can carry the voice of America through the skies to the ends of the earth.
But the more Washington attempts to contain or throttle Eurasianism as a genuine rising force, the greater will be the determination of states to become part of this rising Eurasian world, even while not rejecting the West. Samuel de Champlain Image study: They are different not only based on sex, but also on location and the situation at hand.
And vast conurbations of mega-cities and their peripheries will exert ever greater influence. Sophomore quarterback Jordan Love passed for yards and three touchdowns with one interception for Utah State But although they are not considered complete dirt, women are not thought of as higher up than men.
As soon as he decided the sleep around, she decided as well. Nation states will remain the central players. Men are the leaders of all the positions in life that require or describe power, and women are the dirt by which the men tread.
They are not alone. The natives fared badly. This type of spiritual domination is usually seen as distinct from the temporal dominion, although there have been instances of efforts begun as holy wars devolving into the pursuit of wealth, resources, and territory.
Only survivors returned to Hispaniola. Who rules the World-Island commands the World ". Why must the hurricane season coincide with the UN general assembly in New York? Iran is a natural "Eurasian " and "Silk Road" power. However, the senior quarterback was sharp almost the entire game, finishing 21 of 34 against Boston Collegeas he posted his 11th career yard passing performance.
But given the scale and severity of global challenges - and the paralysis of our national and multilateral institutions - there are dangers that nation states are becoming anachronistic and hostile to humanity's collective survival.
It has also given total war that terrifying, world-embracing impetus which seems to be satisfied with nothing less than world dominion… The machine age begets its own triumphs, each forward step calling forth two or more on the road of technological progress.Nov 12, · Old alliances forged after the Second World War are giving way to new regional coalitions across Latin America, Asia and Africa.
While these reconfigurations reflect regional political, economic and demographic shifts, they also increase the risk of volatility, including war. Looking ahead tothe NIC (which coordinates analysis from all the US intelligence agencies), foresees a fragmented world, where conflict over scarce resources is on the rise, poorly contained by "ramshackle" international institutions, while nuclear proliferation, particularly in the Middle East, and even nuclear conflict grow more likely.
World domination (also called global domination or world conquest) is a hypothetical power structure, either achieved or aspired to, in which a single political authority holds the power over all or virtually all the inhabitants of the planet Earth.
Various individuals or regimes have tried to achieve this goal throughout history, without ever. Aug 07, · Best Answer: Euro settlers had contact with Asia, hence, had gun powder and advanced navigation (compass and stars).
Also had knowledge of metallurgy. But the biggest factor was disease. Over 80% of the native people died of European dfaduke.com: Resolved.
Nov 09, · America's dominance is over. Bywe'll have a handful of global powers Old alliances forged after the Second World War are giving way to new regional coalitions across Latin America, Asia and Africa.
While these reconfigurations reflect regional political, economic and demographic shifts, they also increase the risk of volatility. New content is added regularly to the website, including online exhibitions, videos, lesson plans, and issues of the online journal History Now, which features essays by leading scholars on major topics in American history.
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The sun was not shy about lighting my bedroom this morning. I had set my alarm to go off for 9:45am; it was barley 8'oclk when the Lord opened my eyes. After realizing I'd not slept as long as I wanted, I grabbed my phone to check for missed calls and instantly found myself scrolling… Continue reading The Tug that I Needed – Giving Our First!
A Police Officer Saved The Life Of A Girl Who Always Waved To Him – Give it LOVE!
Spring Forward – This Burst of Energy will help Birth your Next Assignment!
Driving home from work yesterday I passed children walking home from school, I saw an elderly man walking his dog and thought..... "Why are we so blessed." Our father in heaven is ALWAYS so gracious to bless us that often we overlook or may not even be aware of it. As time pass we age,… Continue reading Spring Forward – This Burst of Energy will help Birth your Next Assignment!


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Robby Bell Takes Second Straight Win
Posted on January 31, 2016 by Podium Promotions	Leave a comment
Primm, NV – Precision Concept's Robby Bell survived a rough and challenging race to earn his second consecutive victory in Pro class at round two of the Rocky Mountain MC World Off-Road Championship Series presented by Maxxis and Dirt Bike. Dalton Shirey finished in the second spot ahead of Colton Udall to round out the WORCS Pro podium.
Known for its rough and technical nature, the Primm course was shortened this year making the track much more challenging as racers took on the ruts and sand whoops.
It was definitely a test of survival as Blayne Thompson took the early lead after Justin Seeds nabbed the holeshot. However, the rough course took its toll on both Seeds and Thompson, handing the lead to Bell, who started seventh. Then Bell had to contend with a charging Justin Jones, but Jones crashed hard on the truck track near the halfway point of the race, which ended his charge. Shirey attempted to reel in Bell, but wasn't able to close the gap and backed it down in the final laps allowing Bell to take a dominate win.
For Bell it was his second straight win to kick off the 2016 WORCS season, which has given him a great start to the season, but he knows it is a long season ahead. "This is a great start to the year, but it's a long season and it's about maintaining the effort every weekend," said Bell.
Shirey overcame a mechanical issue while challenging Thompson for the lead and then charged forward to challenge Bell late in the race. In the end, he finished second, marking his best WORCS Pro finish.
Eric Yorba appeared to have the third spot wrapped up with nearly a 30 second lead over Udall on the white flag lap, but he ran out of gas, which dropped him off the podium and back to a sixth place finish, which opened the door for Udall.
Udall suffered serious arm pumps early in the race and came from the back to get the last spot on the podium. It marked his second podium in WORCS competition and his first since 2012.
Justin Wallis finished right behind Udall in the fourth spot, and Michael Del Fante rounded out the pro top five.
In Pro 2, Travis Damon won, ahead of Logan Chambers and Alex Dorsey. Chambers took the holeshot, but Damon quickly took the lead and cruised to victory. It marked Damon's second straight podium finish.
"I didn't get too great of a start, so I had to set a great pace," said Damon. "I had trouble getting my pace back after I pitted, but I kept a straight and kept going for it. The course was gnarly, but there were good lines and it smoothed out through the weekend."
In Pro 2 Lites, Dante Oliveira won his second straight race ahead of Austin Serpa and Clayton Hengeveld.
"I got the holeshot and stayed out front the whole time," said Oliveira. "The course was brutal. The wind really picked up at the end and it was scary on the Trophy Truck track over those rollers."
02-dante-olveira-worcs-racing
Round 3 of the Rocky Mountain MC World Off-Road Championship Series presented by Maxxis and Dirt Bike is heading to South Point Casino on February 26-28 in Las Vegas, NV for a special format WORCS racing event.
tagged with Buffalo Bills Casino, Colton Udall, Dalton Shirey, motocross, Off-Road, Primm NV, Pro, Pro 2, Pro 2 Lites, ROBBY BELL, WORCS


text:
<?php

/**
 * This file is part of the FOSCommentBundle package.
 *
 * (c) FriendsOfSymfony <http://friendsofsymfony.github.com/>
 *
 * This source file is subject to the MIT license that is bundled
 * with this source code in the file LICENSE.
 */

namespace FOS\CommentBundle\Form;

use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolverInterface;

class ThreadType extends AbstractType
{
    private $threadClass;

    public function __construct($threadClass)
    {
        $this->threadClass = $threadClass;
    }

    /**
     * Configures a Thread form.
     *
     * @param FormBuilderInterface $builder
     * @param array                $options
     */
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)
    {
        $builder->add('id', 'text');
        $builder->add('permalink', 'textarea');
    }

    public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver)
    {
        parent::setDefaultOptions($resolver);
        $resolver->setDefaults(array(
            'data_class' => $this->threadClass,
        ));
    }

    public function getName()
    {
        return "fos_comment_thread";
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Hamabet sportsbook is an online platform headquartered in Lagos and licensed by the National Lottery Regulatory Commission of Abuja. The website is also authorized in Cameroon and Kenya. The company, incorporated in 2017, has grown its market share steadily in a very competitive sports booking market in Nigeria. This is evidenced by the growing number of visitors to its website: between April 2019 and September 2019, the number of web visitors has grown by 225%, making it one of the fastest-growing betting sites in the country. This article will detail the most important things for you to note as a sports bettor. We have also a review of the Hamabet mobile betting experience.
In this review, we will detail the company's new customer registration process, payment policy, the scope of options available, and betting options users can add to their slip. Additionally, we review how easy it is to navigate the website, especially for newbies, as well as the general sentiment of the betting community towards the website. We'll also delve slightly into the available bonuses, noting if any apply to the user's Hamabet first deposit. Another article will review the Hamabet bonus options in detail; we recommend that you check that out as well.
Registration and Hamabet First Deposit Bonus
The registration process on Hamabet can be done in a few steps. You can either fill in the simple registration form with four fields only or register by connecting to Facebook. After filling in the account form with email, username, and password, you have to click the "Continue" button to move to the next stage of your registration.
The page will then switch to the personal information form page where you have to fill in data such as your first and last name, date of birth, and other location-based information. As it also operates in two other countries, its country option does not default to Nigeria. Once you click the "Continue" button and complete their registration, the deposit page appears for you to make your first payment via any of the channels available on Hamabet; after which the first Hamabet first deposit bonus is added should the user indicate their preference for it.
Making a deposit
As mentioned above, Hamabet currently features four online deposit channels – Paystack, Interswitch Webpay, Interswitch Quickteller, and Rave. All the aforementioned channels are all online-based, requiring you to use your Mastercard, Visa or Verve cards to make deposits. You can also make deposits from your bank account using Hamabet's quick code "*322*3456*amount#" on the number registered with their bank account.
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All the deposit channels have a minimum deposit of N100, except for Rave that has a minimum deposit of N1,000. Hamabet also offers three options for withdrawing money, including Moneywave by Flutterwave, Paystack transfer, and direct bank transfer. Each withdrawal option offers a minimum withdrawal limit – N1,000 for Moneywave and Bank transfers, and N5,000 for Paystack transfer.
User Experience and usability
We found the experience on the Hamabet website very user-friendly. The layout of the interface is not intimidating and makes for a thoroughly smooth betting. There are two quick links to the user's account and to deposit on the top right corner of the screen. On the home page, users can quickly access the different sports Hamabet features on the left pane (side) of the screen, while the middle pane features the available matches and betting options available under each sport.
One feature we found incredible was the search tool on the website. Entering the term "Manchester United" returned all the upcoming matches of Manchester United till the end of the month and the odds attached to them. The search for "Friendly" also returned the friendly matches happening that day, starting from the current live games, to upcoming live games that day and beyond. It is also quite easy to access all the Hamabet bonuses available to users, such as accumulator bonus and cut one and cut two refunds.
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Hamabet Sportsbook and betting option
Hamabet sportsbook provides bettors with options across 13 sports, including football, basketball, futsal, American football, ice hockey, tennis, boxing, rugby, cricket, handball, volleyball, motorsport, and baseball. It's evident that football is not the only sport that it covers extensively. For example, its Hamabet betting options for hockey include matches in 15 countries, as well as international matches.
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Hamabet also offers a broad selection of events on each match. For example, each Premier League match features at least 122 events that you can bet on. In La Liga, the least number of events per match is 120 events. We, however, did not find options such as "no team to score three goals in a row"; interestingly, there's also no "corner betting" present for football matches in the leagues we looked at.
The minimum stake on Hamabet is N50, while there are refunds up to the tune of N30,000 for when one or two legs of an accumulator result in a lost tick. Of course, this refund is predicated on certain terms and conditions.
Overall, our review shows Hamabet betting to be a very useful option for punters. It covers 12 sports and the number of events available per match is equally impressive. However, In comparison with other betting sites, Hamabet falls short with some betting options excluded from sports such as football. That, in our view, is a major drawback of the platform. However, it scores very highly on our usability scale owing to the ease of use and the functionality of the search tool; it was easy to find the markets we wanted to place our bets on. But before that dont forget our football betting tips
The website proved quite easy to use even for newbies with a well-thought-out interface. The colour palette of the website is also user-friendly. Deposits and withdrawals are also available with various options available for users. Also, the available Hamabet bonus makes the experience worthwhile on the platform, which you can read about here. Overall, our assessment agrees with the public sentiment of a solid betting website albeit limited in certain aspects. If you are interested in another bookmaker take a look at our bookie review page.
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If the patio is missed the patio design should include screening. Walls, hedges, pergolas, and fences can be included in the patio design to provide a sense of enclosure and privacy. When building a wall structure around a patio it is a great thought to include a window right through to other garden areas in order that the patio doesn't end up feeling to claustrophobic. Windows in dividing walls create an appealing glimpse of the rest of the backyard without compromising privacy. The choice of screening will depend on available budget. Walls are expensive to build, solid wood screens with posts and trellis panels are much less costly. Planting a hedge is usually the cheapest option, but might take a while to grow in if you do not can afford large plants or perhaps an instant hedge.
Gugara - Application for college transfer certificate. Sample application for college transfer certificate if any student had transferred his registration to another college due to any reason and not able to continue with the existing college then he she may require college transfer certificate to take admission in another college easy templates are given below. Application format for college transfer certificate. Subject: application for college transfer certificate respected sir madam, with all due respect and regard it is stated that i am not able to continue my present studies in the field of subject name in this respected college. Application for transfer certificate school, college. Application for transfer certificate school, college, workplace introduction application for tc somehow in the meanwhile in our life person are needed to take transfers according to their convenience and sometimes it is for some different issues that are mentioned by the candidates and that can be proceeded with the proper format and procedure, sometimes it depends on the growth matter of. Application for transfer certificate tc sample. At such a time, the student has to a write a request for a transfer certificate, which a formal letter requesting the principal or vice principal for it so that he she may transfer to their preferred institution samples and tips to write an application for transfer certificate from school or college for further studies or after studies. Application for transfer certificate from college?. For applying new course i need transfer certificate from the college i don't know how to write request letter for transfer certificate to the principal please advice can you please give me sample format for this?. Model application letter to college principal for transfer. Model application letter to college principal for transfer certificate tc by spider computech on monday, february 2, 2015 you may need to write an application letter to the principal of your college asking for transfer certificate tc for various reasons. Write an application for a transfer certificate. Letter format for annual leave extension; application sample for correction of child's name in certificate; sample complaint letter format for poor service; application to principal requesting for grant of fee concession; letter to the chairman of a union council for sanction of a tube well; sample experience letter format for non linear editor. How to write a letter to my principal for a transfer. To, the principal xyz school new delhi dear sir mam, subject: application for a tc transfer certificate with all due respect i request you to make necessary arrangements for the grant of a transfer certificate as my father has been transferred to a different place and i won't be able to continue the studies at the present school. To principal for transfer certificate & marksheet. When such a scenario occurs, you might be forced to write a request letter to principal for transfer certificate & marksheet the letter allows you to be able to leave your current learning institution and join another however, writing this letter to some of us isn't a thing we are used to as we rarely move. Application formats & certificates christ junior college. Students, who wish to continue their higher studies outside karnataka need to apply for migration certificate they can approach the department of pre university education along with ii puc original marks card and transfer certificate applications are available in the dept of pue and the college office.


text:
Sarah Harding was nervous to go public with cancer diagnosis
<a href="http:
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Sarah Harding was "really nervous" about going public with her breast cancer diagnosis.
The former Girls Aloud singer told her fans that she was living with cancer in August 2020 but she was reluctant to make her diagnosis public, and only did so as people began recognising her at hospital.
Writing in her memoir 'Hear Me Out', Sarah explained: "I was really nervous. But people were noticing me at the hospital and writing about it on social media.
"I wanted to explain things in my own words. Once I did go public, the support was totally overwhelming and a real source of strength for me."
Sarah, 39, initially thought that her cancer – which has now been revealed to be terminal and spread to other parts of her body – was a cyst caused by her guitar strap irritating her breast.
The 'Call The Shots' hitmaker put off getting the lump checked because of her fears it could be cancer, and she used the COVID-19 pandemic as an excuse not to go to hospital.
She shared: "At first I thought it was just a cyst. I'd been playing my guitar a lot, and I thought the strap had probably irritated an area around my breast.
"The trouble was, the pain was getting worse. It got so bad that I couldn't sleep in a bed any more. I slept on the sofa, popping painkillers like they were Smarties. I really overdid it, but the pain was overwhelming."
Sarah continued: "I'd been staying at my mum's throughout lockdown, but COVID wasn't showing any signs of going away, and it was just getting worse.
"One day I woke up realising that I'd been in denial. Yes, there was a lockdown, yes, there was a pandemic, but it was almost as if I'd been using that as an excuse not to face up to the fact that something was very wrong."


text:
Port Authority Moves Ahead With ExpressRail Project
ELIZABETH, NJ-The Authority completed two major components of its $600-million project, and also picked up $48.3 million in federal stimulus money for PATH security.
By Alyson Grala | September 25, 2009 at 10:41 AM
ELIZABETH, NJ-The Port Authority recently completed two major components of the Port of New York and New Jersey's $600 million ExpressRail project, which will allow 1.3 million cargo containers to be shipped by rail, and take close to three million trucks off state and local roads.
The agency finished construction of a second lead track to the ExpressRail Elizabeth facility so that trains can arrive and depart simultaneously. In addition, construction was completed on a rail support facility along Corbin Street that will handle four 10,000-foot trains daily.
These projects are the culmination of a multiyear effort to promote the use of rail for cargo transport. In anticipation of the new lines, Norfolk Southern has already developed a new direct service to Harrisburg, PA and CSX will begin a new direct service to Buffalo at the end of this month.
Port Authority chairman Anthony R. Coscia tells GlobeSt.com, "Completing these two major components of ExpressRail, 18 months ahead of schedule, will ensure our port's future competitiveness and help us remove millions of truck trips annually from our local roads. This is a win-win for the economy and the environment."
During 2008, the Port of New York and New Jersey set a new record for its on-dock rail system, transporting 377,827 containers for the year, a nearly 6% increase over 2007. This year, the economic recession has resulted in a 16% decline in cargo volumes flowing through the port and a corresponding 21% drop in rail business.
In other Port Authority news, the organization was recently awarded a $48.3-million federal stimulus grant for projects that will enhance security on its PATH rail system.This figure works out to three-quarters of the $72.2 million in federal transit security stimulus grant money available nationally for capital projects.
"I'm pleased that the Port Authority was awarded this American Recovery Reinvestment Act funding because it will mean a safer PATH system for tens of thousands of daily commuters in our state," New Jersey Gov. Jon Corzine said in a statement.
Port Authority executive director Chris Ward added that both the New York and New Jersey Congressional delegations "worked tirelessly to secure federal dollars to help upgrade this critical mass transit system." Since 9/11, the Port Authority has spent more than $4 billion on capital and operating security at its transportation facilities in New York and New Jersey.


Everyone wants a place to relax when they get home from a hard day. Anyone who owns a pond will tell you that there is no better way to forget about the rest of the world than by sitting in front of your own beautiful decorations, a unique water pond. Whether it's the sound, or the movement, or the fish swimming to the surface, the attraction of a water garden is undeniable.
Ole-ole Company established in 2000, our designers has more than 11 year experience in interior design, although there is only 2 year experience in water pond & home decor, but we already have a very outstanding result in this field. We provide the services such as gardening and decorate the house. There is also product manufacture, such as sales, supply, install, rental in whole Malaysia & Singapore. It is allow our customers to more easily achieve their needs.
We specialize in a wide selection of indoor and outdoor water ponds. In addition to our incredible vast selection, we also offer some of the most competitive pricing you will find. And if you have any questions, please give us a call. Our experts are happy to help you find the right solution and make your shopping experience better and easier.


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24th General Assembly of IUPAP (2002) - Announcement
Juergen Sahm 02.02.2001
The 24th General Assembly of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and related sessions will be held downtown in Berlin, Germany. The meetings will take place at the Magnus Haus and at the Humboldt-Universitaet, both sites are in the centre of the town and in a walking distance from one another.
The IUPAP General Assembly 2002 is hold under the auspices of IUPAP and is organized by the German Physical Society.
Date: October 7 (Mon) - 12 (Sat), 2002
Site: Oct 7 - 8: Magnus-Haus, Oct 9 - 12: Humboldt-Universität Berlin
Schedule (proposal)
The layout of the schedule follows closely those of previous meetings.
Oct. 6 (Sun)
Oct. 7 (Mon)
Council & Chairs
Oct. 8 (Tue)
Council ----------
Recption
Oct. 9 (Wed)
Excursion 1
Oct. 10 (Thu)
Academic Session
Oct. 11 (Fri)
Oct. 12 (Sat)
Oct. 13 (Sun)
The theme of the academic session will be "Physics Research Funding in Germany".
Excursion 1 will lead to a site of scientific interest, excursion 2 will be a guided tour to Potsdam.
Council and Commission Chair's meeting (Oct 7 and 8) preparing the General Assembly: about 30 participants.
General Assembly (Oct 9-12): about 120 participants (Council and Chairs, delegates and observers from member societies in almost 50 countries around the world).


The Official - Mika Singh Concert After-Party!
AFTER THE PARTY COMES THE AFTER PARTY !!!!!
The OFFICIAL - KING MIKA SINGH Concert AFTER PARTY @ RED MARTINI !!!!
Why go home after a concert that's full of energy ???? Keep your dancing shoes on and head over to RED MARTINI LOUNGE in BUCKHEAD for the MIKA SINGH AFTER PARTY !!!!!


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Skalička (zdrobnělina od slova skalice) múže být:

sídlo
 Skalička (okres Brno-venkov) – obec v okrese Brno-venkov
 Skalička (okres Přerov) – obec v okrese Přerov
 Skalička (Skalice) – část obce Skalice v okrese Hradec Králové
 Skalička (Zábřeh) – vesnice, součást města Zábřeh v okrese Šumperk

jiné místopisné jméno
 Skalička (potok) – potok v okrese Znojmo
 Na skaličce – přírodní památka v okrese Třebíč

české příjmení
 Karel Skalička, též Carlos Skalicka (1896–1979) – československý, po emigraci argentinský šachista
 Vladimír Skalička (1909–1991) – český jazykovědec

Související články
 Skalický
 Skaličany

Externí odkazy

Rozcestníky - místopisné jméno
Rozcestníky - příjmení