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Bitterly cold. Mainly clear skies. Low -12F. Winds NW at 10 to 20 mph..
Bitterly cold. Mainly clear skies. Low -12F. Winds NW at 10 to 20 mph.
Water: an increasingly expensive necessity.
iStock via Getty Images
Millions of Americans struggle to pay their water bills – here's how a national water aid program could work
By Joseph Cook Associate Professor of Economic Sciences, Washington State University
Dec 2, 2021 Updated Dec 2, 2021
Running water and indoor plumbing are so central to modern life that most Americans take them from granted. But these services aren't free, and millions struggle to afford them. A 2019 survey found that U.S. households in the bottom fifth of the economy spent 12.4% of their disposable income on water and sewer services. News reports suggest that for low-income households, this burden has increased during the pandemic.
Since 1981, the federal government has helped low-income households with their energy costs through the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program. But there had not been a national water aid program until Congress created a temporary Low-Income Household Water Assistance Program as part of the COVID-19 response. Now the House-passed Build Back Better Act includes US$225 million for grants to states and tribes to help reduce the cost of water services for low-income households.
As an economist specializing in environmental and natural resource issues, I'm encouraged to see this idea gaining support. But I also know from analyzing efforts at the local level that these programs may be ineffective if they aren't well designed. I believe the U.S. can learn lessons from Chile, which has run an effective national water assistance program for 30 years.
Flaws in US local aid programs
I have studied water and sewer customer assistance programs around the world and developed a database of examples run by U.S. utilities in cities including Seattle, Philadelphia and Baltimore. Although there are hundreds of these programs, three major problems undercut their effectiveness.
First, because utilities have to fund their assistance programs from their own budgets, they typically charge "non-poor" customers higher rates and use those payments to subsidize low-income customers. State regulations often forbid this, forcing utilities in those states to rely on voluntary donation programs to fund assistance.
Second, in areas with high poverty, too many customers need help and there are not enough non-poor customers to foot the bill.
Third, smaller and less well-funded utilities often do not have administrative capacity or expertise to design and implement their own customer assistance programs.
These challenges have spurred politicians and policy experts to call for a federal program – a step that the Environmental Protection Agency's National Drinking Water Advisory Council recommended back in 2003.
Learning from Chile's experience
Agencies such as the World Bank often cite Chile's water aid program as a model. Here's how it works:
The program aims to ensure that households don't pay more than 3% of their income for receiving a quantity of water to meet their essential needs. There is no consensus among experts on what this "lifeline" quantity of water should be, but Chile sets it at 15 cubic meters per month – about 4,000 gallons.
Eligible customers apply to their city government every three years. Once enrolled, they immediately see reductions in their bills, based on their poverty levels, for that first 15 cubic meters of water use. Each month, the water utility bills the city for subsidies it has provided to poor customers.
If households use more than 15 cubic meters of water per month, they pay unsubsidized prices for whatever they use above that level. This gives everyone an incentive to fix leaky pipes and appliances and conserve water. Regulators who set water prices are not involved in running the subsidy system or determining subsidy levels.
In the late 1990s, Chile launched a major expansion of its sewage treatment plants. Water utilities raised their rates by 34% to 142% between 1998 and 2015 to pay for this initiative. Because these rate increases outpaced growth in income, subsidies grew by 54% over the same time period. The takeaway: Chile found a way to pay for water and sewer investment while still protecting the poor.
How a US water aid program might work
If the U.S. creates a national water aid program, key questions will include who is eligible and how much water is an "essential" quantity for households. The EPA estimates that an average U.S. household uses approximately 9,000 gallons per month, but one-third of this is for gardens and lawns. Reliable national data on U.S. household water usage is nearly nonexistent, and there is no estimate of how much water low-income households use.
Program managers would need to collect information on utility water and sewer pricing structures, put it in a database and couple it with census data to estimate the number of eligible households in each state.
To estimate what a program like Chile's might cost here, my team at Washington State University compiled a database of water and sewer rates as of December 2019. We included all U.S. cities with populations over 100,000, at least two cities per state, and made assumptions about rates for smaller cities and towns.
We estimate that a program covering the full cost of 4,500 gallons of water per month for households at or below the poverty line would cost approximately $11.2 billion annually if 70% of eligible households participate. In total, we estimate that 11.8 million households would receive an average subsidy of $67 per month.
Our project website includes a calculator tool to estimate the annual federal cost based on different assumptions about eligibility, participation, the "essential" water quantity and the percentage discount on water bills.
Another approach: Add money to SNAP payments
Public policy scholar Manny Teodoro has suggested another way to deliver water aid: topping up support that people receive to buy healthy food through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP.
This idea builds on a well-known program with a long track record. Low-income households would not have to file new paperwork to receive benefits. Delivering water aid this way could help renters, whose water costs often are rolled into their rent, and rural residents who use well water and have to pay for water treatment and maintenance costs out of pocket.
It would place less of an administrative burden on the large number of small U.S. water systems serving fewer than 500 people. And it could be quickly implemented by adding water providers as approved vendors for electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card payments.
Eligibility for SNAP is set at 138% of the poverty line, and an estimated 84% of eligible households participate. With these parameters, we estimate that a program covering 100% of the cost of 4,500 gallons of water per month would cost $17 billion annually. The main weakness of this approach is that water and sewer rates vary across the country, so it risks providing too much or too little assistance to low-income households depending on where they live.
Getting water prices right for everyone
Access to a safe and affordable water supply and sewer services is codified in the U.N.'s Human Right to Water and Sanitation. The U.S. is a wealthy country, and my research group's estimates show that the cost of a targeted program to help the poor pay their bills is reasonable.
Without federal funding, poor and marginalized households will continue to fall behind on their bills and experience the indignity and health risks of having their water turned off.
At the same time, the U.S. needs to make major investments in its water and sewer infrastructure and manage the effects of drought and climate change. Economists broadly agree that water should be more expensive in many places to give local governments and ratepayers incentive to conserve and plan for a water-scarce future. I believe Chile's experience shows how a national program can preserve this signal while directing most of its water sector subsidies toward protecting the poor.
Research Assistant Nick Kraabel assisted in estimating the nationwide costs discussed in this article.
Joseph Cook has received funding to support research on customer affordability programs from the US Millennium Challenge Corporation. The opinions in this article do not represent views of MCC.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.


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L.A.'s new recycling program has more than 28,000 complaints for missed trash pickup
An employee with the trash company Athens Services moves a Republic Services trash bin into position for pickup in West Los Angeles. Reports of missed collections have steadily grown over the past six months under the city's RecycLA program.
(Mel Melcon / Los Angeles Times)
By David ZahniserStaff Writer
L.A.'s commercial-trash customers have filed more than 28,000 reports of missed collections since July, the latest sign of a turbulent roll-out for the city's new recycling program.
The numbers, compiled by the Bureau of Sanitation and provided to The Times, show that RecycLA has been seeing significant month-to-month increases in garbage pickup complaints.
Since its debut, Mayor Eric Garcetti has promoted the program — which gives seven companies the exclusive right to pick up trash and recycling at roughly 70,000 businesses, large apartment buildings and condominium complexes — as a way to boost recycling, take high-polluting trash trucks off the road and improve conditions of refuse workers.
At the same time, however, trash bills have soared for some customers, many of whom are being charged extra when haulers open locked gates or pull bins longer distances to the curb. City inspectors have identified hundreds of inaccurate charges. And refuse company executives have been at odds with sanitation officials over how trash bills are calculated.
The high volume of missed collection complaints has not come as a surprise to landlord Larry Rubenstein, who owns eight apartment buildings in Los Angeles. Every one of those properties, he said, has experienced missed collections — a problem he puts squarely on Garcetti and the City Council, which approved the program in 2012.
"With all the time they took to design this, they were completely unprepared," Rubenstein said. "It was a disaster. If I did this with my buildings, I wouldn't have any tenants."
Sherman Oaks resident Aaron Metchik voiced similar frustrations, saying recycling materials repeatedly have gone uncollected at the condo complex where he lives. "It's not just us," he said. "At the next building over, the same thing is going on — just heaps and heaps of recycling and trash."
(Los Angeles Times )
According to property owners, the uncollected garbage has made the bins more inviting to rodents and roaches.
A Garcetti spokesman on Friday expressed disappointment with the latest complaint data, saying city officials did not expect to see such service disruptions under RecycLA.
Starting Feb. 1, haulers will face financial penalties if they fail to address missed collections within the proper time frame. Companies that receive a complaint before 2 p.m. must address it by 6 p.m, according to sanitation officials. Haulers that are told of a missed collection after 2 p.m. must resolve it by 10 a.m. the next day.
"The waste haulers need to do their jobs, and we will hold them accountable for providing the services our residents and businesses are paying for," Garcetti said in a statement.
Under the program, each hauler was assigned a specific section of the city for 10 years. Month by month, each company has been taking on a larger number of customers.
According to the Bureau of Sanitation, two of those seven haulers — Waste Management and Republic Services — have been responsible for nearly two-thirds of the missed collection complaints. The two companies cover four of the 11 zones set up under RecycLA, including the entire San Fernando Valley.
"Of course it's troubling," Doug Corcoran, director of public sector services for Waste Management, said of the complaints. Neither the city nor Waste Management had an accurate understanding of how much trash would need to be picked up under the new program, he said.
Corcoran said the company has reassigned truck drivers, trainers and supervisors from across the country in order to address the problems in Los Angeles. And, he acknowledged, there have been "way too many service issues."
"I wish I could go to every one of our customers and say, 'Man, I'm so incredibly sorry you had to deal with this.' And I promise we're going to get there. We are working day and night."
At the same time, executives with Waste Management and Republic Services contend that the city has overestimated the number of complaints generated by their companies. In some cases, they said, their firms are being held responsible for problems caused by other haulers — those who were phased out under RecycLA last year.
Once the program began, some of the companies that lost the right to pick up trash in Los Angeles abandoned their customers ahead of schedule, said Dave Hauser, Republic's market area vice president.
"This was wholly unfair to the customers, and we are working diligently to make it right," he said in an email.
City officials have acknowledged that their complaint data are imprecise, noting that it includes anyone who called the city's sanitation hotline about a missed collection. For example, a single missed collection at an apartment complex could have generated multiple complaints.
Still, there are some who believe the city's numbers are too low.
Sanitation staffers have been so ineffective at resolving trash pickup problems that a number of property owners have stopped calling them altogether, Rubenstein said.
"It's a waste of time to call the city, and everyone's learned that," the landlord said. "So that 28,000 is nothing."
Officials overseeing RecycLA said they had identified 900 inaccurate customer bills as of Friday, triple the number tallied in mid-December.
The Bureau of Sanitation is examining every bill in which more than 40% of the cost has been consumed by special charges, such as a "clicker fee" — using a remote control to open a locked gate, spokeswoman Elena Stern said. The city says that type of charge is prohibited, a position disputed by several haulers.
After reviewing roughly 1,400 accounts, the bureau's "billing review strike team" concluded that nearly two out of three had at least one incorrect charge. Officials are now in the process of sending letters to the trash haulers seeking corrections to those bills, Stern said.
david.zahniser@latimes.com
Twitter: @DavidZahniser
David Zahniser
David Zahniser covers Los Angeles City Hall for the Los Angeles Times.
LAPD to equip more officers with medication to reduce opioid deaths
More Los Angeles police officers will be equipped with an anti-opioid spray to help prevent overdose-related deaths
Earthquake: 3.3 quake felt near Borrego Springs, Calif.
A magnitude 3.3 earthquake was reported Thursday evening at 5:57 p.m. Pacific time 8 miles from Borrego Springs, Calif., according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Brazilian brief from the Yamamay Love Goddess intimate range, made in tulle and lace all over. The soft and simple shapes combine with the lace embroidery for a sensual and romantic result . To be combined with bras from the same range.


Having not uploaded for a while I thought I'd try this priority, but it got the boot for underexposed, soft and compression. Now I'm not going to appeal as I kinda thought it might be considered soft (although in my experience the site lately seems not to prefer the same level of sharpness it used to), but the underexposed and compression reasons perplex me - I think it could probably be a touch brighter but it looks within limits to me (you can see from the shadow of the wing that it was clearly just minutes after sunrise), and compression is just not possible as it was saved at maximum quality. I suspect the screener has looked at the detail blurred by the jetwash, which is the only part of the image I can see that could remotely be mistaken for compression?
It does look soft and underexposed, plus a bit magenta (but that could be due to the exposure). I do see some jaggies in odd places though (nose, main gear, wing) that could be interpreted as compression. Is the original sharp enough or is there a slight blur that was sharpened?
No, the original is tack-sharp all over. 1/640th at f/9, ISO400 on a FF body, with IS on (subject stationary). It was taken literally 10 minutes after sunrise - I really had to play with the colour to get it looking anything like I wanted; I was actually pleased with the final result, given how the original file looked. I processed the jpeg when perhaps I should have processed the RAW - looking at it now it's dark outside it could use a boost in brightness. Definitely no compression, though, nor blur in the original.
How's it going? Do you need any help with the edit?
Kas very kindly did me an edit (it's been so long since I uploaded here I've lost touch with site preferences, preferring to apply my own instead), however I'm going to try again from the RAW as, looking at it now, it does appear soft and underexposed (amazing how the darkness outside can help with judgement!). I'm likely going to start uploading again soon and so need to re-familiarise myself with site requirements.
I have another (non-priority) in the queue - I'm confident it meets the current criteria, except for perhaps sharpness? I have linked the Flickr version as the one here won't display full size.


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With spring season arriving, many of our minds change to cleaning out our homes and selling the points we no longer need within our lives. A yard sale is a great thing by itself, but when you obtain the whole area in upon it, your power can mix to make a really fun affair for your family members, your neighbors, and anyone who ceases by to buy goods. Here's how you can get your area together to get a community garage sale.
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In your home redevelopment or construction projects, you see huge waste that has to end up being dumped to maintain your job location free from the trash. The trash generated from your home redevelopment will cause a lot of adverse effects impacting the eco-system triggering pollution within the environment as well. Self discretion of home rehabilitation trash may put you to problems like time period consumption, real stress and budgets. You would like some specialist help to handle the work hassle free.
Compulsive hoarding can be characterized by the lack or disinclination to remove rubbish from the residence, even if the objects being held have no benefit, are unclean, or basically impede within the sufferer's capability to perform day-to-day tasks. Sociable interactions, skilled aspirations, freedom around the house, and also daily necessities such as washing and cooking can be achieved difficult or even impossible with the excessive degrees of hoarded junk. Defeating this condition needs medical input and counseling, as well as meaning support through family members as well as other loved ones. Ahead of those ways can be totally realized, nevertheless, it is important to very first ensure that the living room in question is totally cleared of the superfluous garbage, particularly any items that may be right threatening personal safety or even posing a significant risk to the exact property. In order to get this very important step, hoarders may need the help of an established junk hauling business.
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Become a site in the Hillsborough County Summer Food Service Program. This program helps provide nearly 500,000 free nutritious lunches and afternoon snacks to needy children in our county.
Fill out and submit the online application no later than March 30, 2019.
Our staff will contact you regarding the status of your application.


By roasting the bean to the French Roast level, Coffee Bean Direct brings about a much richer and deeper. It began with the sky, recording the plumes of clouds that seemed to rise from the ground.
This house is an antique salt box originally built by a basque fisherman over 150 years ago.A Jeep Liberty hit the back of Common Ground Coffee House on Fulton Street at Arthur Avenue on Friday afternoon.Another 152 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1510, 1600, 1560, 1455, 1487, 1630, 1704, 1769, 1718, 1724 and 1670 are included under the topic Early Plume History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.Search our extensive houseplant guide and find plant care advice for your specific indoor houseplants.
Plumes Coffee House. 400 Alvarado Street Monterey, CA 93940.Read Less It has now been two weeks since my wife and I ended a three-night stay at Plumes et Glisse.For reservations, directions, or questions you can call them at (831) 373-4526.
Review: Popular downtown Monterey coffee house with several indoor tables and a few outdoors on Alvarado St.
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) said there were no reported injuries.Get reviews, hours, directions, coupons and more for Plumes Coffee House at 400 Alvarado St, Monterey, CA.


This year's Federation of Small Businesses' Herts winning "Entrepreneur of the Year Award" was presented by Sarah Smits of Ashbourne Insurance to Joseph McKenzie of Xupes, Bishops Stortford. Tom Shurville of Distinctly based in Watford, took the runner-up prize. They were presented at a Gala Dinner at the Manor of Groves Golf & Country Club, Sawbridgeworth on Thurs June 23rd to the applause of an audience of approximately 450 award finalists, judges and distinguished guests.
Independent insurance broker, Ashbourne decided to sponsor the award after winning several business award titles (local, regional and national) over the past many years. The 35+ year old family-run business has first-hand experience about the positive impact of winning awards and decided to become a sponsor to encourage local small business owners to get involved to raise the profile of their business and celebrate accomplishments that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Ashbourne offers a wide range of business and personal insurance along with a claims advisory service. It is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).


A likeness of St. Columba at the St. Columba Heritage Centre, County Donegal, Ireland.
The high cross of St. Columba at his birth place, in Co Donegal Ireland.
Pentecost; They were so filled with the spirit they danced in the street.
Like the others this beautiful piece was painted by artist Antonia Lanik Gabanek.
Jesus said, "Love your neighbour".


"Untitled #3", East of the Sun, West of the Moon, Copyright Jim Nickelson. All Rights Reserved.
I have 11 pieces from my Codex Natura and East of the Sun, West of the Moon projects in the upcoming exhibit at the Carver Hill Gallery in Rockland, ME. The opening reception is this Friday, June 2nd, from 5-8 pm, and the exhibition extends through June. Hope to see you at the exhibition!
"Codex Natura #1", Copyright Jim Nickelson. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: bounded interval is bounded and connected Can you please tell me if my proof is correct?

Definition:
Let $X$ be a subset of $\mathbb R$. We say that $X$ is connected iff the following property is true: whenever $x, y$ are elements in $X$ such that $x < y$, the bounded interval $[x, y]$ is a subset of $X$ (i.e., every number between $x$ and $y$ is also in $X$)
Lemma: Let $X$ be a subset of the real line. Then the following two statements are logically equivalent:
(a) $X$ is bounded and connected
(b) $X$ is a bounded interval
Proof:
Show (a) implies (b)
Assume $X\neq\emptyset$. Since $X$ is a bounded set then its supremum  and infimum exists.
Let $m:=\sup X$ and $n:=\inf X$, then $\forall x \in X, n\leq x \leq m$
Suppose $\exists x'$ such that $n<x'<m \sim \& \sim x' \notin X $
Let $c<d, \sim\sim c,d\in X \text{ such that } c<x'<d$ then $[c,d]
> \not \subseteq X$ (!!contradiction) Hence, $(n,m)\subseteq X \subseteq
> [n,m]$
$\therefore X \text{ is a bounded interval}$
Next, we show (b) $\implies$ (a)
Let $X:=[e,f]$ be a bounded interval then $X:=\{x\in R : e<x<f\}$
for every $x,y$ that lie in $X$, such that $x<y$, we have $e\leq x< y \leq f$.
hence, every element between $x,y$ lie in $X$.
Therefore, $X$ is connected.
Proof (2nd try)
Show (a) implies (b):
Assume $X\neq\emptyset$. Since $X$ is a bounded set then its supremum  and infimum exist and are defined as $m:=\sup X$ and $n:=\inf X$.
By the upper bound property we know that:
  $$\exists ~~ c ~~ \text{ such that  } m-\epsilon\leq c<m$$
  Also,
  $$\exists ~~ d ~~ \text{such that  } n<d\leq n+\epsilon$$
Now we have $d\leq c$ and $c,d \in X$. Since X is connected, then $[d,c]\subset X$. Suppose $\exists x' \text{   such that   } c<x'<m ~~\&~~ x' \notin X$ then $$[c,m-\epsilon/2) \notsubset X$$(!!contradiction)

I dont know how to proceed further.

A: Concerning your first try:
You should explain more carefully the existence of $c$ and $d$ when you prove that $(a)$ implies $(b)$. Notice that you never really make use of the way you defined $m$ and $n$ as supremum and infimum.
In the second part you let $X$ be a special bounded interval. Maybe you should say something about the other ones of form $[e,f)$, $(e,f]$ and $(e,f)$, too. I know this works the same way but then (and only then) you have a complete proof.
You should also try to state more explicitly, why every element between $x$ and $y$ lies in $X$. This is clear from the whole context, but your actual chain of argumentation is like "we have $e \leq x < y \leq f$ hence every element between $x$ and $y$ lies in $X$" which obviously does not work. Apart from this (and some minor issues like writing $x$ instead of $x'$ twice), it looks fine to me.
Concerning your second try:
This is better, however, there are some minor misunderstandings I believe regarding the dependence of $c$ and $d$ on $x'$. You have to choose $\varepsilon$ (hence $c$ and $d$) depending on $x'$ but you start talking about $\varepsilon$, $c$ and $d$ even before $x'$ comes into play and in the end you claim $[c, m - \varepsilon/2) \not\subset X$ would lead to a contradiction, but it is not clear how this should follow from the above (You do not even know if $[c,m - \varepsilon/2)$ is nonempty) .
A better order to do things would be the following:

*

*We want to prove $(n,m) \subseteq X$, so suppose there exists $x' \in (n,m)$ which is not in $X$.

*Now we have to argue that there exist $c,d \in X$ such that $n < d < x' < c < m$. To do so we need to use that $m$ is the supremum and $n$ is the infimum of $X$.

*Having done this we get $(d,c) \subseteq X$ which contradicts our assumption $x' \not\in X$.

A: We know that for $X\neq\phi$, $X\subseteq[\inf X, \sup X]$. We claim that $(\inf X,\sup X)\subseteq X$. Suppose this is false, then $\exists \inf X < y < \sup X$ such that $y\notin X$. Since $y > \inf X$ (resp. $ < \sup X$), there exist $x_{1}\in X$ (resp. $x_{2}\in X$) such that $x_{1}< y$ (resp. $y<x_{2}$). Since $X$ is connected $y\in[x_{1}, x_{2}]\subseteq X$, a contradiction. Now we can take various cases depending upon whether $\inf X$ (resp. $\sup X$) lie in $X$ or not.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Praising a girl beauty quotes.
Praising a girl beauty quotes. An expectant tranquility settles over me.
Andrew, congratulations on your infinite patience and handling of this whole thing.
Most probably it was the manuscripts that drove him to drink.
It is a lonely existance at times, but I have the feeling that I am missing nothing through absence from the church.
Per Emiko Hastings, imaginary books — those which exist only within other books — date back to at least the s.
When all that is worldly turns to dross around us, these only retain their steady value.
However being left desolate is not a bad, for if one finds their life, they shall lose it but if one loses their life they shall find it.
Amen brother ValleyAnt about your honesty, you made me laugh and naked girls on kik me — bless ValleyAnt with Your freedom Lord to be honest before You and see that freedom come in his innermost being — I know of what you speak brother — and it is precious with God cute girlfriend quotes He meets us there and He helps us to submit as He calls us — Praise His Wonderful Name….
Believe with faith and minister by obedience……….
As I said in my response -forget the visible church heading into apostasy, let us just get on with the job ourselves as God leads us and be bold and courageous.
I am an introvert so if I can do it then so can you, but I tell you this, I discovered that by the power of God I became an extrovert when teaching the gospel but this change occurred after I started teaching the gospel.
Ngan Siu-Mui is an international renowned artist living in Montreal, Canada.


Shaksouka is my absolute favorite breakfast to cook up on the weekends when I can play a little music + relax while chopping up veggies and breathing in the aroma of freshly-cut herbs and magical spices. We usually enjoy this traditional Israeli brekkie during the holidays or on a weekend, especially when we have an action-packed day ahead of us + need a huge boost of energy and nutrients. Enjoy the dish on its own or pair your shaksouka with some hummus + pita or gluten-free bread for dipping!
1. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. In a large ovenproof skillet, heat oil on medium-high. Add onion and cook until softened, about 5-8 minutes.
2. Add tomato paste and cook until it darkens slightly, about 2 minutes. Stir in cumin, garlic, paprika, and cayenne and cook for about 30 seconds. Add red peppers and tomatoes with juice. Simmer about 2 minutes and add salt and pepper to taste.
3. Using the back of a spoon, make 8 indentations in the tomato sauce and crack 1 egg into each. Transfer the pan to the oven and bake until the egg whites are set, but the yolks are still soft, about 5 minutes (cook about 7 minutes if you want the yolks to set).
4. Sprinkle with Green Dream, cilantro, and parsley to garnish.
What's your favorite exotic breakfast dish? Share it with us on Facebook with #myphilosophie!
Oh my this looks so amazing!


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One China, Multiple Interpretations
When discussing cross-Strait relations and broader contacts involving the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China...
Weekly Report 1|11 12.09.2017-12.15.2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The CCP Politburo meeting on 8 December discussed economic work in 2018, and stated that work would persist in the new...
The CCP Plants the China Dream Abroad
Beijing is marshaling all the levers of power that it has to carry out its burgeoning diplomatic initiatives as it seeks a leading role...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The CCP's International Department succeeded in securing the signatures of 300 foreign political leaders for its...
China's Maritime Ambitions: a Sinister String of Pearls or a Benevolent Silk Road (or Both)?
As China looks west and invests in projects in and along the Indo-Pacific, Beijing's intentions in the maritime commons have come to the...
Weekly Report 1|9 11.25.2017-12.01.2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Chinese Communist Party's World Political Party Dialogue was held in Beijing. The CCP leadership pushed a "new type...
Weekly Report 1|8 11.18.2017-11.24.2017 (Thanksgiving Edition)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chinese President Xi Jinping and Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh agreed to establish a strategic partnership....
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Authoritative commentary in the CCP Central Committee's mouthpiece and theoretical journal, People's Daily and Qiushi,...
Seeking a Panacea: The Party-State's Plans for Artificial Intelligence (Part 2)
Part 2: While seeking to leverage AI to enhance its performance legitimacy, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is also taking advantage of...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Former Politburo Standing Committee Members Liu Yunshan, Wang Qishan, and Zhang Gaoli each penned articles in People's...


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Home Features Arts & Entertainment 'Music Folk for Ocracoke' benefit concert in Durham Oct. 14
'Music Folk for Ocracoke' benefit concert in Durham Oct. 14
The Carolina Theatre in Durham. Photo courtesy of Carolina Theatre
"I can't hold the waters back, but I can organize a concert."–Rob Sharer
By Peter Vankevich
Many talented musicians have stepped forward over the years to help those in need. George Harrison and Ravi Shankar did in 1971 with their Madison Square Garden concerts for Bangladesh. One of the most famous and successful was Live Aid in 1985, a world-wide effort that raised money and conscientiousness to the famine in Ethiopia. The concert has been immortalized in the Freddie Mercury biopic "Bohemian Rhapsody."
Following this tradition, the musical trio Craicdown, in conjunction with the Carolina Theatre, 309 W Morgan St., Durham, has organized a benefit concert to support the Ocracoke community that was ravaged when Hurricane Dorian struck the remote island on Sept. 6.
The concert will take place at 7 p.m. on Monday, Oct. 14, in the historic theatre's Fletcher Hall. Tickets are $27.50 and will go on sale at 10 a.m. Tuesday, Oct. 1, at the venue's box office, on the venue website carolinatheatre.org and at Ticketmaster.com.
Proceeds from ticket sales will be given to the Outer Banks Community Foundation disaster relief campaign for Hatteras and Ocracoke Island.
"We're just really thrilled that we have a time open, that it wasn't too far off," said Rebecca Newton, the theater's executive director.
The performers are as follows:
Diali Cissokho & Kaira Ba
Jonathan Byrd and the Pickup Cowboys
Chatham Rabbits
Joseph Terrell and Libby Rodenbough of Mipso
Craicdown's Rob Sharer came up with the idea for the concert after hearing from those on the island and seeing news reports on the damage the hurricane wrought. For several days, the island was without power and the water had to be boiled before drinking. Most homes, businesses and vehicles were badly damaged or destroyed when a seven-foot storm surge suddenly overtook the village after dawn.
Craicdown at 2019 Ocrafolk Festival. Photo by Peter Vankevich
"Friends of mine were in their upper stories, watching their yards, and their houses completely fill up with water," Sharer said in an interview. "It was physically painful to watch. Livelihoods and homes and possessions getting destroyed in real time. It was almost like I could feel the water coming in my own house."
In particular, he was concerned about a beautiful 1908 Steinway piano that Marcy Brenner and Lou Castro had on the first floor of their house on Cabana Drive that he is love with and plays every time he visits.
"I waited a day or so because I didn't dare ask, and when I did, Marcy said it got wet and the keys are swelling together, so that might be it for the piano," he recounted. "She sent some pictures, and I just started freaking out.
"The piano just seemed so emblematic of what was going on down there. You know, things that I love, were getting destroyed. And I wrote to her and I said, 'Is there anything I can do? Do you want me to come down and bring you a dehumidifier, or anything like that?' And she said, 'Oh, sweetheart, just play some music.'
"What could that mean? That could mean lots of different things. I mean, just sending vibes out there. No, let's do something more. So really, that was the genesis of this benefit concert."
Sharer and the trio's other two members, David DiGiuseppe and Jim Roberts, have a spiritual connection to the island. Craicdown has performed at the highly acclaimed Ocrafolk Festival for the past 11 years. The festival, which began in 2000, takes place annually on the first full weekend in June. Craicdown has also given musical workshops at the school over the years.
"So, it really is like the spiritual home of the band," Sharer said. "It's our home away from home. We've written songs and made great friends out there. And it's just a magical, enchanted place that I look forward to going to every year.
"The very thought that something terrible has happened to the place and to the people that we love so much, how could you not do something? So, this was thing that I thought I could do. You know, I can't hold the waters back, but I can organize a concert."
On the stage that night will be Jonathan Byrd, a seventh-generation Carolinian who has performed on Ocracoke over the years, including with islander Fiddler Dave Tweedie. He is a preacher's son and sang "Amazing Grace" solo in church when he was a young boy. He has recorded many albums, with his most recent "Pickup Cowboy." His songs are about strong characters, tough times and filled with powerful lyrical imagery.
The performers Diali Cissokho & Kaira Ba, Chatham Rabbits and Joseph Terrell and Libby Rodenbough of Mipso have all performed at the Ocrafolk Festival in the last several years.
Will Ridenour is the percussionist for Diali Cissokho & Kaira Ba, a high energy rhythmic dance band that can also do soothing story songs.
"Every time we go to Ocracoke, we're just met with a really amazing community," he said. "And so, yeah. When I found out that they were hit hard by Hurricane Dorian, you know, the first thing you as a musician to think is 'I want to put on a benefit because I to share my music to help raise money.' So when Rob asked us, it was hands down, 'Yes, right away.'"
Diali Cissokho (first name pronounced "jelly"), originally from Senegal, West Africa, is the band's lead singer and master of the kora, a 21-string instrument. He has taught students about African music during arts week at Ocracoke school that takes place every spring for the past several years.
Chatham Rabbits are a husband/wife duo, Sarah Osborne McCombie and Austin McCombie. From Bynum in Chatham County, they took their name and music inspiration from the original Chatham Rabbits, a local mill string band of the early 20th century.
Joseph Terrell (guitar and vocals) and Libby Rodenbough (fiddle and vocals) are part of the music group Mipso. Defined as an indie Americana quartet, their music has been described as "full of wistful beauty, hopeful undercurrents, and panoramic soundscapes," and combining classic folk-rock and modern alt-country sounds mingling easily with Appalachian tradition.
"Ocrafolk was the first festival outside Chapel Hill that really took us in and made us feel at home, " said Terrell when asked why they will be performing. "We all fell in love with the island. It's got a lot of history, but it's also just a fun and charming and idiosyncratic little community with a bunch of great folks. My band mate Jacob just turned 30 and Libby's present to him was a hat from Eduardo's Taco stand on Ocracoke. We just love that place."
Also on stage will be Marcy Brenner, who with her husband Lou Castro, are the recording artists, Coyote. She is a former director of the Outer Banks Community Foundation. In addition to the piano casualty, their Coyote Den, located on the dock at the Community Square also suffered substantial damage.
Not listed officially as performers, it wouldn't be surprising if Craicdown, in some fashion makes it to the stage.
If you cannot attend and still want to support the musicians' efforts, you may donate directly to the Outer Banks Community Foundation. In the donor information line, add Music Folk for Ocracoke.
Diali Cissokho & Kaira Ba.Photo by George Wood
Jonathan Byrd. Photo by George Wood
Chatham Rabbits. Photo by George Wood
Joseph Terrell Libby Rodenbough of Mipso . Photo by George Wood
benefit concert for Ocracoke in Durham
Hurricane Dorian impacts to Ocracoke NC
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Kaye Anna Frampton October 1, 2019 At 5:07 pm
Lou and Marci, my thoughts and prayers are sent. I too was worried about you and your lovely special home. I remember your special piano.
Josh Colton October 1, 2019 At 11:38 am
There is an amazing Steinway piano technician named Johnny O'brien who is trying to contact Marcy Brenner and Lou Castro regarding repairing their Steinway piano. He has a lot of history and friends on Ocracoke. Is there a way to get information to them? He attempted to contact them directly but did not receive a response. I have no doubt he can help them with her piano . Thanks!
C. Leinbach October 1, 2019 At 12:13 pm
Josh, please send Johnny's contact info to info@ocracokeobserver.com and we'll get it to Marcy and Lou.
sam corlis September 30, 2019 At 10:27 pm
Nicely written story, Peter.
It's so refreshing to hear of the Good things coming to this island -to hear that so many people have found ways to help , to know that so many hearts are filled with the goodness of helping those in need. I wish we were able to get to the island to help. We will have to do what we can from here for the time being.


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Insurance firms
reporting Brexit as a key risk doubles over the last year
Recent findings from Lane Clark & Peacock's (LCP) third annual survey of Solvency II implementation across the UK and Ireland shows that the proportion of firms highlighting Brexit as a key risk to solvency has nearly doubled over the last 12 months from 33% to 64%.
The report also shows that firms are less concerned about IFRS17 as a key risk, perhaps partly due to The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) which, in late 2018, voted to defer the new reporting standard by one year to 1 January 2022.
Overall, fewer than 15% of firms noted climate change as a sizeable risk to their businesses. This proportion is expected to increase in future years as climate change becomes a key focus of boardroom agendas following calls to overhaul corporate reporting standards that would force companies to disclose information that reflects their commercial, social and environmental context.
Cat Drummond, Partner in LCP's General Insurance team, commented:
"With nearly two-thirds of firms identifying Brexit as a key risk as the UK confronts the possibility of leaving the European Union with no deal in place, Brexit uncertainty continues to keep insurers awake at night. Almost all firms that highlighted Brexit as a key risk had plans in place (or were formalising such plans) to address the issue.
"Surprisingly, only a small minority of firms reported climate change as a key risk – even in the wake of the PRA's Supervisory Statement which emphasises the need for firms to respond to the financial risks of climate change and embed this into existing risk management frameworks. This focus is, however, likely to sharpen as climate risk is increasingly discussed at board level in the wake of heightened regulatory focus."
Other key findings of LCP's analysis include:
The average eligible own fund ratio was 206% at 2018 year end compared with 205% at 2017 and 199% at 2016 year end.
24 firms would breach their Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) following a loss equal to their Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR), up from 18 in 2017.
In aggregate, nearly 2/3rds of invested assets were held in either government or corporate bonds. The next largest allocation was 11% held in collective investment undertakings.
The proportion of firms citing cyber considerations as a key risk marginally increased this year to 43% (from 41% in 2017).
All firms included some commentary on sensitivity testing that they had performed. Around 70% of firms included the quantitative results of their testing, up from 60% last year.
Only two-thirds of SFCRs and QRTs were available on firms' websites on the reporting deadline. There is more work to be done to ensure that SFCRs are readily available and easy to find from the main homepages of insurers' websites.
Drummond continues: "Although there are encouraging signs of improvements around SFCR's, it is disappointing that only two-thirds of SFCRs and Quantitative Reporting Templates (QRTs) were available on firm's websites on the reporting deadlines. Evidently, insurers still have some way to go to ensure that their SFCRs comply with regulatory requirements and are readily available and easy to access. EIOPA's recent announcement of its intention to discuss with national regulators having public SFCR repositories may assist with this going forwards."
Solvency II reporting across the UK and Ireland
Our third annual review of Solvency II reporting by 100 of the top non-life insurers in the UK and Ireland.
Access the findings
Find a press release


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Optical Illusion Art: What You See Is Not What You Get
July 12, 2021 by Martyna Stachowiak in Art Styles
Optical illusion art, better known as Op art, is a form of abstract art that emerged in the 1960s. It utilizes graphic shapes and block colors to create the illusion of movement or depth, exploiting the intricate ways in which the human eye perceives what we see.
via BBC
Ready for a journey into the eye-bending world of Op art?
Take the plunge and leap head-first into the dizzying frenzy of swirls, stripes, checks, and spots straight from the mid-sixties. But be warned: the images you're about to see are not for the faint-hearted!
We've put together a guide to answer some of the most common questions about optical illusion art. Discover who put the Op in Op art and why the style became one of the most recognizable forms of contemporary design today.
How Optical Illusion Art Works
Our first encounter with an artwork is usually visual, but what we see is not always what we get. Certain illusions can fool our brain, tricking us into seeing things that are not there or keeping us from seeing things that are. Op artists have explored various ways to manipulate our perception with lines, curves, and zigzags, inevitably jangling the nerves and assaulting the eye of an unsuspecting viewer.
But how does optical illusion art work exactly?
Current (1964) by Bridget Riley via Wikipedia
Op art exists to fool the eye. Realistically, you know that the piece in front of you is flat, static, and two-dimensional. Your eye, however, begins sending your brain a message that what you see is actually dancing and weaving instead.
Op art relies on two specific techniques. In order for the illusion to work, Op art employs perspective and careful juxtaposition of color. The former makes an object look as if it was farther away, or closer, or larger, or smaller than it really is, while the latter helps trick your eye into seeing movement where there is none.
Op art is not meant to represent reality. Instead of having a particular subject matter or theme, it considers perception itself the medium that it works through. More than other works of art, op art creations are rather props, or aids, for viewers to make their own, unique experiences.
Op art offers more than one perspective, depending on your vantage point. It often requires that we move around when looking at it, quite literally showing us the limitations of human perception.
The History of Op Art
From shadowplay to distorting mirrors to magic lanterns, people were always fascinated by optical illusions and eye tricks. Artists too, played with the principles of perception, manipulating line, shape, pattern, and color to create illusion of perspective and depth well before the advent of Op art.
For example, in the two World Wars, painters were deployed to cloak military vessels in a jumble of angular black-and-white stripes to jam the senses of enemy submarines, a painting technique known as razzle dazzle.
Razzle Dazzle Camouflage via Pinterest
However, it was only in the 1960s that the centuries-old fascination with optical illusion allied to new interests in technology and psychology, blossoming into an art movement that would define a generation.
Op art started to gain popularity in the late 1950s, but the term itself didn't first appear until 1964. It was coined by Time Magazine and had become a household phrase by the following year with "The Responsive Eye," a 1965 MoMA exhibition that triggered an international Op art boom.
1965 Time Feature via Op-Art
The exhibition featured over a hundred artists, including the immediate father figures of Op art, who quite literally explored how the eye responds to color, pattern and light. They drew on methods developed by their predecessors, from Seurat and Monet to Mondrian and Malevich, to produce intense visual experiences that excited and confused the viewers.
Installation view of the exhibition, "The Responsive Eye" via MoMA
Although art critics initially dismissed it as a gimmicky use of perceptual tricks, Op art became popular with the public, and quickly crossed over into popular culture, most notably fashion and advertising. From bold checks to geometric shapes, op motifs jumped off canvases and were splashed onto everything from dresses to wallpapers.
Op Art Fashion via Pinterest
Op Art Sunglasses via Pinterest
Op Art Model In Milan via Pinterest
Anuszkiewicz Op Art Silk Scarf via Artspace
Vasarely Op Art Plate via Antiquesnavigator
1960s Op Art Rug via Artsy
But the Op art craze had a sadly mercantile side to it. Applied to clothes, pottery, and carpets, the hypnotic creations of Op artists were indiscriminately consumed as decorative objects, which largely undermined their artistic value. Briget Riley, one of the leading figures of Op art, unsuccessfully tried to sue an American clothing company that used one of her paintings as a fabric design.
How Did Op Art Reflect the 1960s' Culture?
To many, Op art mirrored the counterculture of the time, epitomizing the interest in the alternative avenues of perception, just like the hallucinogenic drugs of the same period. It also seemed a perfect style for an age defined by the rapid march of science and technology.
Luminous by Richard Anuszkiewicz via Pinterest
As the Swinging Sixties faded, so did the influence of Op art. Today, its reputation continues to hang in the balance. While some critics still consider it an embarrassing blip on the art history radar, the style keeps resurfacing again and again, inspiring fashion designers and contemporary artists alike.
Who Created Op Art?
Most people credit the Hungarian-French artist Victor Vasarely with starting the Op art movement. Dubbed the grandfather of Op art, he was in his late sixties when the Op art craze began. With his pioneering geometric designs and hypnotising optical illusions dating back to the 1930s, he laid out the fundamentals of the movement 30 years before the Op art concept was conceived.
Zèbres-A (1938) by Victor Vasarely via BBC
A tangle of black-and-white lines weaving and unweaving in front of the viewer, the Zebras painting is an example of an op-art work predating Op art.
Here are two fun facts about Vasarely:
In 1972, he was hired by Renault, the automobile manufacturer, to redesign the company's logo. He kept the famous diamond shape, refreshing it with clean, angular lines. He also created the cover art for David Bowie's album Space Oddity!
via Davidbowie
Who Are Famous Op Artists?
Let's take a trip back to the 1960s and explore artists that were vital to the beginnings of Op art. Below are the three wizards of Op and some of their eye-popping artworks:
Bridget Riley (1931)
A leading figure in British contemporary painting, Riley is also one of the foremost proponents of Op art, rivalled only by Vasarely himself. Her interest in optical effects was a result of her study of Seurat's technique of pointillism, but when she began to explore Op art she worked initially in black and white.
Blaze 4 via Artsy
Cataract 3 via Op-Art
Study via MoMA
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Born in Germany, Albers is best known for his work as an abstract painter and theorist. While his roots were grounded in the Bauhaus school of thought, his experiences in America led him to explore patterns and colors that are now the signature of optical art.
Black and White Grid via Pinterest
Richard Anuszkiewicz (1930-2020)
American born Polish painter, Anuszkiewicz was a pioneering practitioner of Op art before the Time Magazine coined the phrase "Op art". He manipulated fundamental elements of art to make, as he put it, "something romantic out of a very, very mechanistic geometry."
Green Edged Light Red Oxide via Artsy
Plus Reversed via the Guardian
Radiant Green via Moma
Op art was a short-lived movement yet its legacy is still very much alive, not only among collectors and curators, but among young artists as well, with several big names in current American art, including Jim Isermann, Gilbert Hsaio, Susie Rosmarin, and Xylor Jane, having adopted elements of Op as their own.
Are you a fan of op-art swirls and giddy lines? If so, be sure to check Displate's hypnotizing collection of Op art posters. And if you're interested in the 1960s design trends, you might enjoy our piece on 1960s' retrofuturism.
Is there anything we have missed? Let us know in the comments below!
CalArts Style And What You Need to Know About It
What is Low Poly? Showcase of Great Low Poly Art
Retrofuturism: A Tomorrow That Never Was
What is Vexel Art? Beautiful Examples of Vexel Art


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text:
When He First Got To The League Dwight Howard Says He Used To Cry After Every Game
By sports-inter October 5, 2019 237 views
After the Miami Heat lost another heartbreaker and squandered another big lead in their house against Chicago on Sunday, Miami Head Coach Erik Spoelstra said there were some players in the locker room crying following the loss. Of course, after those comments were revealed the jokes starting flying around the internet, people were trying to guess what players were crying, and others were even questioning the mental toughness of the players. On top of that, people were ripping Spoelstra for revealing the information in his postgame press conference. While I think it was ridiculous that he did reveal that info and I have no idea why he did reveal that or what good it could have done, I see nothing wrong with Miami players crying after a loss nor would I make fun of them because of it. In fact, even in a regular-season game, I would much rather hear about players crying after a heartbreaking loss as opposed to laughing after losing to yet another top team in the NBA, which we have seen far too often recently in professional sports.
Miami is the most hated team in the league and they did it to themselves. It was their decision to throw a party with smoke, fireworks, music, and everything else before the ball was tipped. It was the players who were talking about six or seven championships before even having a single practice together. They have the bulls-eye on their back because they put it there. They are under the microscope because they put themselves there. However, the reaction to Miami players crying in the locker room is ridiculous. The players wanted to win so bad and they put so much of themselves into a game that it causes them to be that upset to shed a few tears. What's wrong with that? Isn't that what fans want? Don't all fans want their team to care as much as they do? Well, now it's clear Miami does and they're getting made fun of for it? Seems hypocritical. Dwight Howard joined The Dan Patrick Show to talk about what he thinks about Miami players crying following a loss against Chicago this past weekend, what it means that they cried when the last time he cried following a loss, whether or not he thinks he's the MVP, who the best team in the NBA is right now, and what he has learned from Carmelo Anthony and LeBron James about how to handle his potential free agency.
What he thinks of Miami players crying in the locker room after a loss against the Bulls:
"I don't believe it for one because there's nobody in the locker room but the players. I used to cry after all my basketball games then one of my teammates said 'look Dwight you're in the NBA now, you're going to have 82 games a year plus the playoffs, so just get it back next game.' If they were crying it means they really care about winning. If you keep losing the same way every time you're gonna be hurt. I wouldn't be surprised if they were, but I can't believe they were crying."
Erik Spoelstra was the one that said it though:
"They want it. They want it bad. It's kind of tough for those guys because coming into the season everybody had them winning 90 games (Laughing) and doing unbelievable things. They're losing and it hurts."
When the last time was that he cried after a loss:
"We lost in the Finals to the Lakers. (Host: You were balling?) Yeah, I was. I was hurt. Then we lost to Boston last year."
Whether or not he thinks he is the MVP this year:
"Well um, I would just say that I do a lot for my team. (Host: If you think it's you then just say it?) I'm not one of those cocky guys and Derrick Rose has been playing unbelievable basketball. And he's an Adidas guy. We've got commercials together. If I had to say for someone besides myself I would go with Derrick Rose. (Host: If you had a vote and couldn't vote for yourself you would vote for Derrick Rose?) Yes, sir."
Who the best team in the Eastern Conference is right now:
"The best team right now, Chicago is playing the best basketball right now."
On what he learned from LeBron James and Carmelo Anthony about how to handle his potential future decision in free agency:
"I think sometimes the outside sources, they're the ones that mess up the whole situation. I will say in my situation, I love Orlando, the city has been very good to me, and I would love to finish my career here. I want a championship and I want to get it in Orlando. That's the only thing I've been able to think about. It's hard not to think about what's going to happen for two years, but that's two years from now. Right now, my focus is on getting our team to a championship and doing everything I can for this city."
Rick Sund: A Draft Pick Will Not Crack Our Top 8
Demaryius Thomas Peyton Manning Tim Tebow Denver Broncos


text:
For a Prosperous Ulster
An Explanation of the Communist Party's Policy for Northern Ireland
Communist Party of Northern Ireland
Communist Policy Pamphlets, Number 1
W. H. McCullough
This document is perhaps the oldest one in the Archive, dating back to the Second World War period. It was issued by the Communist Party of Northern Ireland. The CPNI  emerged from the suspension of the Communist Party of Ireland in 1941 (an event which ultimately led to the eventual emergence of two CP formations on the island, the Irish Workers Party in the South in 1948 and the CPNI in the North). This state of affairs was not to be altered until the merger of the two parties as the CPOI in 1970.
The document itself is slightly smaller than A5 and sixteen pages long, it was written with the end of the war in sight. Therefore it notes that 'Future prospects are bright. Victory is in sight but it is not yet won'.
And it notes that:
Stalin's wise declaration that a wounded beast can be very dangerous is a timely reminder that all is not over; the beast has to be followed into its lair and destroyed. After Germany Japan will have to be dealt with. The people have learned innumerable lessons from the war. They have been inspired by the glorious achievements of the mighty Socialist Power, the Soviet Union. They have seen that when united internally and with the peoples of countries inspired by the same ideals of freedom and democracy against a common enemy and for a common cause, the dark forces of fascism can be conquered.
The value of the cooperative effort has manifested itself to millions as a new power in society, even though at times co-operative effort was restricted and limited by a section of reactionary employers.
It further notes that:
In Northern Ireland also there will be great work of reconstruction. Bombed areas must be rebuilt. Houses will have to be constructed on modern lines, providing the greatest possible opportunities for the people living in them to lead a healthy life.
In relation to the North it continues:
The greatest obstacle to the unity of the people and the full mobilisation of the resources of NI is the Unionist Party. The Government has made no effort to unite the people, and the war effort of the Province left much tone desired. The anger of the people eventually drove Andrews and his gang out of office, a new Unionist Party Government was formed under the leadership of Sir Basil Brooke and pledged to conduct a policy for the utmost prosecution of the war.
There is some interesting material on the 'Imperial Contribution', the funding given to NI by the British Treasury. There is also a strong focus on industrialisation and on the prospects for industrial growth in relation to shipbuilding, engineering, aircraft and linen. It argues in relation to these and other areas that 'it is obvious that a considerable amount of capital expenditure will be required and complete re-organisation must take place'.
It also argues for Social Insurance, modelled on the Beveridge Plan, Health Services and Education. In relation to the last it proposes that 'dual control be abolished; religious instruction to be at the option of the parents, and teachers have the right to teach religion or not, according to their wishes and conscience'. It is reasonable to suggest that overall the leaflet does not directly address the issue of national identity as such in any detail. It does reference the demand that:
In fighting for this programme for the people, labour must ensure that the people obtain every opportunity to exercise their democratic rights. Labour must ensure that at the earliest opportunity undemocratic legislation, such as the Special Powers Act, is removed from the statute book; that undemocratic actions such as the gerrymandering of constituencies and sectarian discrimination against a section of the people is ended.
And it continues:
The labour movement must demand that all those elected to represent the people carry out their responsibilities. There must be an end to Parliamentary absenteeism and the virtual disenfranchisement of many electors through the abstentionist policy of a section of Nationalist members of Parliament.
But in terms of the island as a whole it seeks 'a Government that will be a good neighbour of the Government of Southern Ireland'.
Overall an useful guide to the orientation of the Communist Party in Northern Ireland during this period.
More from Communist Party of Northern Ireland
UNITE: Communist Policy Statement (1965)
Communist Party of Northern Ireland in the archive
From the CLR 15
You can join this discussion on The Cedar Lounge Revolution
By: anne Mon, 30 Jul 2012 18:02:47
haven't read the pamphlet but the critique seems to say that what seemed revolutionary then just looks like common sense today and is accepted by mainstream opinion.
No common sense displayed, of course, by the extremists that NI harbours!!
Will no one start an education campaign for them?
Reply on the CLR
By: Phil Stans Mon, 30 Jul 2012 18:35:46
There was no split in the CPI in 1941 – the tiny southern branches disbanded for the duration of the war and the members who stayed in Ireland largely entered the Irish Labour Party, while a number emigrated to the UK and became active in the communist/labour movement there.
The Irish Workers' Party was formed in 1948 as a separate organisation mainly because of the difficulties of trying to merge a predominantly protestant working class movement in the north with a southern nationalist working class group – something that was eventually achieved in the late 1960s and something that has evaded almost all other Irish left groups even to this day.
I would suggest after all these years that cedarlounge should know better than to trust wikipedia for information on the Irish left.
By: WorldbyStorm Mon, 30 Jul 2012 20:46:18
In reply to Phil Stans.
Phil, when putting the above together I didn't read that as a 'split' in the Communist Party in a political sense as much as the party split into an overt formation in the north and went quiescent in the South and the link to wiki was simply as a means of for further information (and I'd presume that people would click through to the CPOI page on wiki). I don't think that's an unreasonable reading.
Note too that I mentioned the 'eventual' emergence of two formations on the island. I wasn't suggesting the IWP appeared at the same time.
But I take your point about how it reads and will clarify the text.
By: Tom Redmond Tue, 31 Jul 2012 17:10:06
In reply to WorldbyStorm.
Thank you and Stan for the clarification of the "split" in the CPI with the advent of the Second World War. The decision to suspend (not cease) the activities of the Southern area of the CPI was made in a recommendation of the National Committee and endorsed by the Dublin Branch.
The decision made was that members work in the "labour and trade union organisations" in effect the Labour Party as they were already in their trade unions.!
But as important the decision also included maintaining their marxist contribution by continuing to print the "Workers Weekly" paper . They did this until the war time censorship and shortage of paper made it impractical . They continued with a weekly news sheet and opened a socialist bookshop New Books in Pearse Street in 1942. So it spite of organisational and political difficultiesthey kept the flag flying !
By: Mark P Tue, 31 Jul 2012 17:23:34
In reply to Tom Redmond.
How exactly were the ex-CPI organised inside Labour? I'm assuming it was a fully organised entryist operation rather than a case of people simply acting as individuals, given that they kept their publication going and opened a bookshop, which would obviously both entail considerable coordination.
By: WorldbyStorm Tue, 31 Jul 2012 17:57:50
In reply to Mark P.
Interesting question Mark P – though presumably if they kept the publication going it was fairly clear where they stood. Did it have ramifications in the actual split in the LP during that period.
No problem Tom, Phil's complaint was entirely valid.
That's an interesting further question, WbS. There were considerable debates and divisions inside the Labour Party in this period, and it would be fascinating to know what stances the ex-CPI people took.
I agree with you that the continued existence of a publication tends to indicate coordination of efforts clearly enough. I might dig out Milotte's book and see what he had to say.
I like that book. I don't have a copy, I read it years back and it's been fantastically expensive to get it second hand.
If you find anything it'd be great to know what his read on those events is.
Right, I got Milotte's book out and, unsurprisingly, it has a lot to say about the dissolution of the CPI in the South:
1) It came in the wake of the ridiculous twists and turns of Comintern policy towards the war. These had particularly sharp consequences for the CP in Ireland because they determined the approach to be taken towards Britain at any given time. At the time of the dissolution, the CP's patriotic support for the war in the North had left it even more isolated than before in the South.
2) The dissolution was controversial, and was initially rejected by the Southerners, with opposition led by Barney Larkin, then a rank and file member, but was rammed through narrowly at a second meeting. By this point there was only a small Dublin branch still operating.
3) As discussed above, the "dissolution" was indeed a dissolution only of the open party. They stayed organised and the plan was to operate as an entryist faction.
4) They met with some initial success, particularly in Dublin, where they worked with a number of non-party left wingers, some of them ex-CP like Jim Larkin Sr and Jr, but most of them without such a background. Their basic underlying line was pro-coalition(!) and anti-neutrality(!) but this was more openly expressed by the Northern CP than by the Southern entryists themselves, presumably because such views were less than popular with their allies.
5) The success of this left within Labour led to witchhunts in the national press and within the party apparatus. The presence of "communists" (a term used to also include Larkin and others outside of the CP entryists) was in fact the key public issue in the National Labour split, although behind the scenes the ambitions of the ITGWU for hegemony over the Labour movement and antipathy towards Larkin were also factors.
6) As expulsions continued and the strength of the left in Dublin and Cork Labour Party organisations was thoroughly smashed, the ex-CP was increasingly disoriented and inactive, with its members split between a decreasingly organised remnant within Labour and an expelled bunch who did not create a new open organisation.
Just to add, these are my summaries of quite a lengthy section which I scanned quickly. I could easily be misrepresenting Milotte on important details.
Bloody hell, that's fast. That's really handy as a precis. Thanks a million. I'm really intrigued now to reread waht there is on the period about their entry into the LP and the subsequent shenanigans. One small question, re the term 'coalition' do you mean in the South and in relation to FG (I only ask because FF remained pre-eminent until 48)? So did they push for that and if so why – was it that FG was seen as anti-neutrality, or less pro-neutrality?
BTW! On Monday next there's a really interesting CP associated doc that took some doing to get. Watch this space.
By: Ed Tue, 31 Jul 2012 20:34:22
Just read back over Emmet O'Connor's account of the same period in 'Reds and the Green'; a couple of things worth adding:
1) According to O'Connor, the decisive pressure for the Dublin branch to dissolve came from the British CP, which had taken on responsibility for 'minding' the Irish communists as communication between Ireland and the Comintern leadership was very difficult once war broke out. The CPGB didn't think the southern CP could be relied on to follow an anti-neutrality line (O'Connor thinks they were probably mistaken about that).
2) The 'pro-coalition' line was for a Labour-FF government to be formed that would take Ireland into the war on the Allied side (roughly similar, presumably, to the Tory-Labour coalition in Britain that the CPGB was supporting at the time).
On the two points added by Ed:
1) MiIlotte says that at least one account, published in the main British Trotskyist group's newspaper, suggests that at the second meeting, where the CPI leadership managed to get their entryist strategy through, the decisive votes came from visiting CPGB members.
2) They were generally in favour of a Labour – Fianna Fail coalition although this was not supported by the leftists they were working with in Labour. By and large these people wanted an independent socialist policy for Labour. This put the CP-entryist people in the South in a somewhat awkward situation, and for that reason and also due to the impact of censorship they generally much more circumspect about their desire that this coalition would bring Ireland into the war than the CP in the North was. Up there of course they weren't alienating anybody by trenchantly calling for an FF-Lab coalition to end Irish neutrality.
At some stages, the CP in the North, looked more favourably on Fine Gael, in 1942 calling for a coalition including "the best elements" of both FF and FG alongside Labour. And in 1944 it welcomed Richard Mulcahy(!) becoming leader of FG as they saw him as pro-war. But as a whole the orientation was towards a Lab-FF coalition.
3) I agree with O'Connor's suspicion that the British CP were wrong if they feared that the Irish CP would fail to do as they were told. They had at that point faithfully followed the Comintern line through all of its contortions and 180 degree reversals on the Popular Front and the war, and while those changes had sometimes triggered dissent, as the move into Labour itself did, ultimately they always followed the line.
Jesus, "on the two points…" immediately followed by numbered points 1, 2 and 3. Not my most numerate day.
I forgot to add, in response to WbS, I agree that it's a really useful book and it's a real shame that it's out of print. There's no other rigorous, detailed, treatment of the history of the CPI. And what an interesting history it is!
The Communist Party of Northern Ireland was a small communist party operating in Northern Ireland. Its origins lay in the 1941 split in the Communist Party of Ireland, which also produced the Irish Workers' Party in the Republic of Ireland. While the reasons for this split remain unclear, operationa…
See Communist Party of Northern Ireland in the archive


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