An Open Letter from the World Business Academy to leading climatologist Dr. James Hansen regarding his advocacy of nuclear power as a solution to global warming.
My colleagues and I at the World Business Academy have followed climate activism for many years and its on-going campaign to restrain the coal and oil industries. Research, congressional testimony, and activism by numerous climatologists to address climate change has brought this very real global threat into the public consciousness and set the stage to develop a strategy for preserving human civilization as we know it. A December 2013 study, "Assessing 'Dangerous Climate Change': Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature," has further articulated a higher, more urgent imperative for immediate climate remediation.
The World Business Academy agrees with the substantive findings from these reports and is firmly committed to implementing the most expeditious path towards (i) eliminating or mitigating all sources of carbon and methane emissions, and (ii) remediating ambient CO2 levels back to pre-industrial levels. After 15 years of research, the World Business Academy has approached this issue from a neutral standpoint and determined that due to cumulative, long-term thawing of the permafrost region and Albedo Effect impacts, the global environment is deep in a negative feedback loop exacerbated by increasing glacial and ice sheet runoff. Even if we were to achieve zero-carbon emissions tomorrow, it would be too late for the global environment to self-remediate within the recognizable future without active human intervention in the form of various geoengineering solutions to supplement a zero-carbon emission approach. CO2 levels are already reaching 406ppm globally and shooting perilously upward on an increasing trajectory. This will prove non-survivable for the mass of humanity trapped by a climate-induced "insanity" that will likely surprise us with its ferocity in challenging human civilization.
As was noted in the final finding of fact in the most recent IPCC report, a reduction of CO2 by more than 100% is required to begin to bring the planet back to stability and safety. Without a reversal of CO2 emissions, we are approaching the tipping point where sequestered methane deposits located beneath the ice tundra and ocean depths are exposed, resulting in a massive release (rather than the constant "tickle" we are now experiencing) that will exponentially increase the resources needed to reverse the climate crisis. In short, the human race does not have the luxury of a "do over" when formulating climate strategy. We have to begin reversing the increasing levels of CO2 and ambient methane right now. We are out of time!
Given the urgency of climate-related issues, we were nonetheless deeply vexed with the proposal by Dr. James E. Hansen and other climatologists to embrace nuclear power as a viable component in mitigating climate change. As delineated in a joint letter published on November 3, 2013 by Dr. Hansen, Kenneth Caldeira, Kerry Emanuel, and Tom Wigley, it appears that these climate experts may not be as fully informed about nuclear fission as they are about climate change.
A letter dated January 6, 2014 has already been sent to this group by The Civil Society Institute and Nuclear Information and Resource Service which was co-signed by over 300 organizations world-wide, rebutting the assumptions set forth in the November 3 letter and presenting arguments against the use of nuclear power to mitigate climate change. The World Business Academy was a contributing signatory to the CSI/NIRS letter and proposes in this communication to expand on those arguments and provide additional reference materials in support of our assertions.
My first book on nuclear energy, Profiles in Power, was co-authored with Professor Jerry Brown of the Academy and was published in 1997 by the textbook division of Simon & Schuster. From that time forward, the Academy has maintained a permanent research effort on virtually every aspect of nuclear power, has published very frequently on the subject, and has continuously sought solutions for society to mitigate the most harmful side effects of nuclear fission. We are hopeful that further elaboration of the challenges associated with nuclear power will persuade misguided climate activists to embrace more economic, more readily available, and more certain renewable energy technologies which will surpass the nuclear industry's alleged ability to assist in mitigating climate change without any harmful side effects. All that we ask is a fair and impartial review.
Working with leading researchers in the field, the Academy commissioned its own health study examining the impact on the local population from Strontium-90 emissions occurring at the Diablo Canyon nuclear facility. By examining publicly available health data broken out by zip code, a stark trend emerged: the local population in the hot zone has been getting sicker every year the plant has been operating. Our study demonstrates the urgent need for sincere investigation into the effects of the radioactivity released by the 100 active nuclear reactors in the US and the many hundreds more around the globe. But while we think nationally and globally, we intend to continue to act locally to rid our state of this nuclear nemesis.
Next, the trees: nuclear power plants are not "carbon free." They do not emit carbon or other greenhouse gases as they split atoms during the fission process, but their carbon footprint must be assessed on the basis of their complete nuclear fuel life cycle. Significant amounts of fossil fuel are used indirectly in mining, milling, uranium fuel enrichment, plant and waste storage construction, decommissioning, and ultimately transportation and millennia-long storage of waste. There is plenty of carbon in that footprint that is rarely acknowledged, computed, or mediated. In addition, the nuclear industry's false refrain that nuclear power plants have no carbon footprint is an attempt to obscure the fact that nuclear power plants' radiation footprint is far more lethal than the carbon footprint of any other industry. Additionally, the industry's rhetoric masks the astronomical costs for thousands of years of storage that could be better invested in rapidly developing renewable fuels with a zero-carbon footprint such as solar, wind, geothermal, and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, which don't carry harmful, let alone lethal, side effects.
From a business perspective, private investors should be seen as the ultimate "referees" on competing energy choices, using informed diligence and prudent criteria to determine which energy technologies can compete in the market with the best chance of generating revenues and profits. As Amory Lovins points out, the capital markets have already spoken. Private investors and project finance lenders have flatly rejected large base-load nuclear power plants and have enthusiastically embraced supply-side competitors, decentralized cogeneration, and renewables. Even the existence of massive government guarantees and subsidies are an inadequate inducement for sophisticated investors like Warren Buffet, whose MidAmerican Energy Company (a 2nd-tier subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway) scrapped plans for a virtually "free" nuclear power plant while having concurrently formed an affiliated subsidiary, MidAmerican Renewables, dedicated exclusively to the development of renewable energy. We believe the reason all sophisticated investors avoid nuclear investments is because no one has figured out how to build a reactor that doesn't routinely emit toxic levels of radioactivity while still producing power economically, and because there is no safe disposal system known to humanity.
The commercial nuclear industry has been around for over half a century, so the prudent approach would be to look at the industry's track record. Under close examination, we find a string of broken promises, product failures, massive subterranean leaks of liquid nuclear waste (e.g., the Hanford facility), cost overruns, overly optimistic projections, stranded debts, bankruptcies, bond defaults, premature plant closings resulting from bad plant siting and/or accidental radioactive emissions from core reactor equipment failures (e.g., San Onofre), and vast quantities of toxic waste that grows daily primarily in spent fuel pools as inviting targets for terrorism. The above account does not include a series of catastrophic accidents and near-accidents, the most memorable of which are the 1979 near-meltdown at Three Mile Island, the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, and the ongoing leakage from three failed reactors in Fukushima.
After decades of subsidies, nuclear power still remains the most expensive and non-competitive form of base power generation that takes decades of lead-time before a single electron is produced. Nevertheless, in attempting to promote nuclear power, industry advocates focus only on certain limited costs for heavily subsidized fuel, labor, materials, and services that are characterized as "production costs." But these limited costs are only part of the economic picture. The real challenge facing nuclear power becomes clear when "life cycle" production costs are compared, including construction, operations, maintenance, fuel, decommissioning, and millennial waste storage.
The serious challenges described above make nuclear technology a very bad deal. Nuclear advocates claim that safety concerns will be addressed by the next generation of new advanced reactor designs that are supposedly "inherently safe." This appears to be a backhand admission that the first-generation reactors were not that safe in the first place. And, as noted elsewhere herein, after hearing promises of a "next generation" reactor designs for many decades, no such design has appeared that is remotely ready for commercial construction. How long can all the acknowledged ills of nuclear power be cavalierly wiped away by invoking a mythical "next generation" reactor that has never appeared nor is likely to appear?
Before rushing to endorse nuclear expansion, regulatory agencies and individual researchers should critically examine past performance and demand experimental proof for claims that the next generation of nuclear plants (should any ever be considered for construction) will be economically viable, climate-friendly, and accident-proof. It is believed that next generation reactors will differ dramatically from current reactors in that they will replace active water cooling and multiple backup safety systems with "passive safety" designs. In fact, many nuclear advocates and news reports inaccurately describe the proposed new reactor designs, such as the pebble-bed modular reactors, as "accident-proof" or "fail-safe;" however, experiments conducted at the THTR-300 modular reactor in Germany led to accidental releases of radiation after one of the supposedly "accident-proof" fuel pebbles became lodged in a feeder pipe, damaging the fuel cladding. After the operators tried to conceal the malfunction and blamed the radiation release on the Chernobyl accident, the government closed the reactor.
The U.S. government has previously promised a long-term solution for the storage of high-level radioactive waste, primarily from spent fuel rods, which are still sitting in underwater spent fuel pools at "temporary" reactor storage sites around the country. The Department of Energy's now-defunct long-term waste depository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, was mired in scientific controversy, legal challenges, and an admission by all concerned that it wouldn't prove large enough to contain the waste being created by existing reactors—let alone deal with the radioactive waste from new ones. Because of the lack of federal disposal facilities, highly radioactive spent fuel has to be removed regularly from the reactor core and "temporarily" stored in on-site water-filled cooling pools. While a variety of disposal methods have been under study for decades, there remains no demonstrated solution for effectively isolating and storing nuclear waste from the environment for many thousands of years. Meanwhile, high-level radioactive waste continues to build up at 65 reactor sites in 31 states in spent fuel pools without reinforced containment buildings that are vulnerable to accidents and terrorist attacks.
"Renewable energy sources like wind and solar and biomass cannot scale up fast enough to deliver cheap and reliable power at the scale the global economy requires." Renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and geothermal, are imminently scalable when combined with hydrogen fuel cell technologies to store and transport the energy they create. Renewables do not require the enormous planning and construction timeframes that plague nuclear units. Renewables are not prone to cost overruns, are cheaper to build and operate than nuclear plants, and produce power with zero-carbon emissions. As such, they represent the least costly and least risky investment opportunities. In fact, Jacobson and Delucchi have argued persuasively in a November 2009 Scientific American article that "Wind, water and solar technologies can provide 100 percent of the world's energy, eliminating all fossil fuels." In fact, our experience to date with renewable sources of energy is that their economies of scale and abundant status ultimately drive the cost of energy down over time, as opposed to finite fossil fuels and undeveloped fourth-generation nuclear energy technology.
In addition to all the other insurmountable challenges of using nuclear fission to create energy, the percentage of global energy supply generated by nuclear has actually fallen significantly in the recent past and shows every likelihood to fall even further in the coming decade. Over the last decade, renewables and combined-heat-and-power systems (cogeneration or distributed power) actually overtook nuclear power generation. The former, by 2010, represented 18% of the world's electric generation while nuclear represented a mere 13%.
Wind power and photovoltaic supply sources have become particularly strong growth sources of renewable energy. Since 2000, the annual growth rate for global wind power has been 27%; for solar PV 42%. From 2002 to 2012 in the US, nearly 50,000 megawatts of wind were installed. Currently, the US installs a solar system every four minutes. That's expected to grow to one new system every minute by 2015. And the numbers are accelerating. Two-thirds of all distributed solar systems have been installed over just the last 2 ½ years. By 2016, Greentechmedia research projects the US will have one million residential solar PV installations. Worldwide solar is expanding at a feverish pace. In four decades, 50,000 megawatts of solar PV were installed globally. But an additional 50,000 were added just over the last 2 ½ years while panel prices have fallen 62%. By 2015, another 100,000 megawatts are projected to be installed.  In 2012, almost half of all generation capacity additions in the U.S. were renewable. In January of this year, all capacity additions were renewable. Most of that was wind and solar PV. From January through September last year in the U.S., 961 megawatts of wind and 1,935 megawatts of solar PV were installed. No nuclear additions occurred. Why slow down these two dramatically effective sources of energy by allocating many billions of dollars per year to "develop" more nuclear resources that cannot be quickly deployed given various siting issues (long lead time, environmental safety, etc.) that will continue to keep nuclear bottled up and in decline in all modern, western industrialized nations?
Nuclear power hasn't seen the same success as its renewable competitors for the public's cash. Its percentage of global energy generation dropped 7% from a peak of 17% in 1993 to 10% in 2012. Currently, 14 countries are building 66 nuclear reactors worldwide. Forty-four of them are being constructed in China, India, or Russia. Nine of the 66 have been listed as "under construction" for 20 years; four for 10 years. Forty-five of them have no start-up date and 23 have experienced significant, protracted construction delays.
All the renewable technologies such as wind, photovoltaic, so-called "Power Towers" (commercial-scale arrays of mirrors to create base power from solar exposure), and geothermal are mature and can be deployed immediately, given the requisite political will, whereas "next generation" nuclear reactors are still in the theoretical stages and have yet to produce a working scalable prototype. Indeed, according to the Office of Nuclear Energy estimates, "Some of these revolutionary designs could be demonstrated within the next decade, with commercial deployment beginning in the 2030s." That's clearly far too late to assist with reducing carbon emissions if we want to avoid mass calamity. Nuclear energy's technological deficiency did not go unnoticed by former Vice President Al Gore, a former supporter of nuclear energy, who recently modified his position and said the current state of technology in the nuclear energy industry did not yet warrant a big expansion.  Where will we be with climate change by the 2030s if we can't, even by the most optimistic assessment from industry advocates, begin to build significant numbers of new plants? We can't wait that long to act. Renewables are here today. They are proven, today. They are particularly desirable now that we have all the technology we require to store 100% of the power from renewables in the form of gaseous hydrogen for use by stationery and mobile fuel cells.
Furthermore, it is the Academy's considered opinion that the days of constructing centralized base load power systems of any type are over, and the future of carbon-free energy production lies in decentralized systems. Rapidly accelerating the integration of gaseous hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells into the grid allows for a decentralized power structure that can both work with, or independently from, the current electric power infrastructure. This feature is particularly important when 1) converting an existing modern grid supplied electrical system in phases; 2) in scaling power systems for emerging third-world countries that cannot easily accommodate power grid infrastructure; or, 3) supplementing renewable energy with hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells that can provide both storage capacity and grid stability.
"Innovation and economies of scale can make new power plants even cheaper than existing plants." The historically consistent record of nuclear reactors for over 50 years is exactly the opposite — they have gone up each year in cost and have never achieved economies of scale or brought prices down. To our knowledge, no evidence supports the proposition that either innovation or "economies of scale" will result in cheaper nuclear power in the future and, as noted earlier, no functional design exists (or is on the drawing board) that will lead to reduced costs for nuclear energy in the foreseeable future. The economic challenge facing nuclear power becomes clear when one faces the fact that its "life cycle" production costs, computed on a per kilowatt-hour basis, are several times that of coal, natural gas, and wind — not including the ultimate-waste disposal costs which remain unknown because no approved disposal system exists in the U.S.
Even if we decided to replace all fossil-fuel plants with nuclear reactors — leaving cost issues aside — it would not be technically possible to build them quickly enough to meet even the modest targets of the Kyoto Protocol. In the U.S., up to 1,000 new reactors (nearly 10 times the current base) would be required at a cost of about $1.5-trillion to $2.0-trillion, based on industry estimates of $1,500-$2,000/KW for new nuclear plant construction. In fact, Alvin M. Weinberg, former director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory argues that, in order to make a serious dent in carbon emissions, it would take perhaps four times as many reactors as suggested by the MIT study, or up to 4,000 reactors.
In terms of upfront capital costs, an August 2013 analysis by Lazard is revealing. Whereas new nuclear construction stands at an average of nearly $7,600 per kilowatt, new onshore wind and solar PV (whether rooftop or utility scale) is much lower. Wind ranges, according to Lazard, between $1,500 to $2,000 per kilowatt and the high price for solar PV (rooftop) is assessed at $3,500 per kilowatt. Even offshore wind (which receives little to no subsidies from the US government) is competitive with new nuclear power units at an estimated $4,050 per kilowatt. Although the levelized cost of solar PV (the average cost over its lifetime) is estimated to be larger than Lazard's estimated nuclear levelized cost, no one actually knows the final cost of a new nuclear plant in the U.S., and, given constant construction delays, if any can be built. Onshore wind and solar PV reached the cost threshold depicted by Lazard over the last decade or less. And their costs continue to decline. In fact, in the last four years estimates are that onshore wind and solar PV's average lifetime costs have dropped 50%.
The trend is well recognized by Wall Street analysts. For instance, Citi Research declared in the fall of 2012 that solar was already cheaper than retail electric rates "in many parts of the world…" Citi analysts wrote, "The perception of renewables as an expensive source of electricity is largely obsolete…" Best of all, we can construct these proven resources at a rapid pace even as we bring additional geothermal and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) resources on line. The supply is limited only by our will to make the conversion to renewables our chosen path. The amount of energy that can be created at increasingly lower costs is virtually limitless with very little lead time (e.g. a new wind farm can go from siting to full production in 6-9 months).
"Quantitative analyses show that the risks associated with the expanded use of nuclear energy are orders of magnitude smaller than the risks associated with fossil fuels." While this assertion may be accurate on its face, it is in fact a red herring: choosing between nuclear and fossil fuels is like comparing death by hanging or by firing squad. The real question concerns the comparison between the associated cost and risks from a massive increase in nuclear power plant construction to the risks related to a similar expansion of renewable energy and hydrogen economy technologies. I think you would agree that there is little to no risk from renewable energy. Conversely, there remains significant exposure from nuclear power, even from highly theoretical fourth generation plant technology which claims to result in reduced waste, higher efficiencies and lower exposure to the surrounding population, but is not remotely ready for commercialization at this time.
Mr. Jaczko's sentiments are reverberating throughout Japan, whose citizens are feeling first-hand the devastating consequences of nuclear disaster. As reported in The Guardian: "Since Fukushima, a forceful grass-roots movement has grown to permanently decommission all of Japan's nuclear power plants. The prime minister at the time of the earthquake, Naoto Kan, explained how his position on nuclear power shifted: 'My position before 11 March 2011, was that as long as we make sure that it's safely operated, nuclear power plants can be operated and should be operated. However, after experiencing the disaster of 11 March, I changed my thinking 180 degrees, completely … there is no other accident or disaster that would affect 50-million people—maybe a war, but there is no other accident can cause such a tragedy.' Prime Minister Abe, leading the most conservative Japanese administration since World War II, wants to restart his country's nuclear power plants, despite overwhelming public opposition." In response to the widespread unrest, the current administration also enacted a controversial state secrecy law that has been used to suppress dissent and transparency concerning the true impacts from the Fukushima meltdown. In response, independent volunteer groups such as Safecast have gathered their own radiation data through crowdsourcing Geiger readings from Fukushima to Tokyo. After three years, their data shows that radiation levels in Tokyo (200 km. away) have increased 50% since Fukushima. The World Business Academy plans on employing similar techniques to monitor Fukushima impacts along the western US coastline. All evidence concerning the social and environmental impacts of Fukushima must be weighed before Mankind "goes all in" on nuclear energy.
While we at the World Business Academy agree with Dr. Hansen's overall assessment concerning higher standards and the need for action, we believe that the vast resources and time needed to build new nuclear plants on a scale to meaningfully reduce carbon emissions would be better allocated towards the expansion of various renewable energy sources in tandem with hydrogen storage and transport systems. If the impact Dr. Hansen seeks is an expedited and meaningful reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions, the fastest, most economically viable and safest course of action is an all-out effort to ramp up renewable deployment. With the support of the private sector, the growth and innovation in the renewable energy sector will lead to unprecedented adoption of the technologies critical to the future of our species.
If a business fails, the owners face bankruptcy. If nuclear power fails, the world faces radioactive poisons, nuclear terrorism, and the specter of a dangerous future filled with bomb-rattling nations and regional nuclear arms races. We face incalculable expense and unlimited danger dealing with ever-greater quantities of highly toxic radioactive waste that remains deadly even in small quantities for millennia.
Our civilization immediately needs to deploy on a massive scale non-fossil fuel energy sources that (1) are safe, renewable, non-toxic, and increasingly inexpensive (as deployed quantities increase), and (2) can begin supplying vast amounts of sustainable energy on a fully distributed basis (i.e., where creation and utilization are both distributed). Given growing demand and limited resources, the U.S. and the nations of the world should invest in the best global energy solutions rather than try to resurrect the failed nuclear option. Efficiency, biofuels, renewables, and hydrogen could revitalize our nation and our planet economically, environmentally, and geopolitically, while ensuring a safe future for all.
We at the World Business Academy are working to realize that vision and are preparing a plan, reminiscent of JFK's 1961 "Moonshot Challenge," to make the state of California carbon-free within 10 years of implementation. Under our plan, scheduled for publication in 2014 in conjunction with hearings before the California Public Utilities Commission, an infinite supply of wind ($0.08/KW) and geothermal ($0.10/KW) energy will be converted into hydrogen at a cost of $7.50/kg, or approximately $3.25/gal equivalent. Concurrently, chemical and catalytic technologies would be pursued to extract carbon from the atmosphere, and to solidify those deposits into plastics for beneficial use. Should California, the world's 8th largest economy, successfully meet this challenge, we believe the world will follow.
Even though the current energy system is entering its sunset years—in fact because of it—our basic findings are overwhelmingly positive. Civilization has already survived, indeed prospered, through several profound energy transformations: from muscle power to wood; from wood to coal and whale oil; and most recently from coal and whale oil to petroleum and natural gas. We firmly believe it is within our collective power and wisdom to call forth the leadership needed to replace fossil fuels, minimize and eventually stabilize climate change, create a stronger and more secure global economy, and spread wealth to poor nations.
In closing, I emphasize that all of us engaged in the fight to mitigate climate change are on the same side, and our only difference lies in what we see as the best path forward for humanity. Unfortunately, we do not have the luxury of pursuing multiple paths towards a solution given the accelerating timeline identified by climate research and the finite human, physical, and political capital at our disposal.
We would love an opportunity to discuss these issues with Dr. Hansen and his associates in detail and collaborate on ways to advance our mutual goals regarding climate change. By engaging in a constructive dialogue, we can develop the synergies to realize the kind of "heroic achievements" needed to save humanity from itself.
 Hansen J., Kharecha P., Sato M., Masson-Delmotte V., Ackerman F., et al. (2013), "Assessing 'Dangerous Climate Change': Required Reduction of Carbon Emissions to Protect Young People, Future Generations and Nature," PLoS ONE 8(12): e81648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081648, December 3, 2013.
Summerhayes, C.P., Cann, J.W. Wolff, E.W., et al, "An addendum to the Geological Society Statement on Climate Change: Evidence from the Geological Record," The Geological Society, December 2013.
Greenhouse gas emissions accelerate despite reduction efforts; Many pathways to substantial emissions reductions are available, Press Release: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, April 13, 2014.
 IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers, In: Climate Change 2014, Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
 IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, p. 26.
 "Top climate change scientists' letter to policy influencers," CNN World, November 3, 2013.
 Civil Society Institute/Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Letter dated January 6, 2014.
 The World Business Academy was the only business group that participated as a state-authorized Intervener in the hearings which lead to the permanent closure of the San Onofre reactor in Orange County California on June 7, 2013, and continues to appear before the California Public Utilities Commission ("CPUC") as an Intervener seeking to recover $1.5 billion dollars from Southern California Edison for its extraordinary overcharges to ratepayers and for its failure to tell the truth to either the CPUC or the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") regarding the substitution of faulty steam generator units that were not "like kind" exchanges. The NRC in late December, 2013 issued a citation against Southern California Edison unmasking its illegal conduct.
 Joseph J. Mangano et al., "An unexpected rise in strontium-90 in U.S. deciduous teeth in the 1990s," The Science of the Total Environment, December 2003, 317:1-3: 37-51. See also Joseph J. Mangano et al., "Infant death and childhood cancer reductions after nuclear plant closing in the U.S.," Archives of Environmental Heath, 2003, 58(2): 74-82. For further studies, see Sternglass, Ernest, J., "Articles, Scientific Papers, Books, Letters, and Selected Testimony Relating to the Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation," Radiation and Public Health Project.
 Mangano, Joseph, MPH, MBA, Report On Health Status of Residents in Sa Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties Living Near the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Reactors located in Avila Beach, California, World Business Academy website, March 3, 2014.
 The so-called "pebble reactor" has proven to be both uneconomical in design, and in beta testing, unreliable as a means of keeping the fuel "pebbles" safely contained within the reactor core. No utility in the world currently has plans to attempt to build such a device.
 Lovins, Amory B., "Competitors to Nuclear: Eat My Dust," Rocky Mountain Institute, Newsletter, Summer 2005, p. 26. See Also McMahon, Jeff, "New-Build Nuclear is Dead: Morningstar," Forbes.com, November 10, 2013.
"$1 Billion Nuclear Power Project Abandoned In Iowa," CleanTechnica.com, June 6, 2013.
"Buffett's MidAmerican Energy Holding Forms Renewables Unit," GreenTechMedia.com, January 26, 2012. See Also: "Just the Facts: MidAmerican Renewables," MidAmerican Rewewables website.
 "Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable Without Subsidies," Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011, pp. 1-10.
 "Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable Without Subsidies," Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011, pp. 7-9.
 "'Inherently Safe' German PBMR Covers Up Radiation Accident and Shuts Down," Nuclear Information and Resource Service.
 Jacobsen, Mark Z., and Delucchi, Mark A., "A Path to Sustainable Energy by 2030," Scientific American, November 2009.
 Lovins, Amory, "With Nuclear Power, 'No Acts of God Can be Permitted,'" Huffington Post, March 18, 2011.
 "World Nuclear Industry Status Report: 2013," Mycle Schneider Consulting, July 2013.
 "Solar System Installed in US Every 4 Minutes," Greentechmedia, August 13, 2013.
 "Chart: 2/3 of Global PV have been Installed in Last 2.5 Years," Greentechmedia, August 13, 2013.
 "Office of Energy Projects: Energy Infrastructure Update," Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), September 2013.
 Kelly, John E., Dep. Asst. Sec. for Nuclear Reactor Technologies, Office of Nuclear Energy, "Paving the Path for Next-Generation Nuclear Energy," May 6, 2013 (para.s 2 & 4). Italics added.
 The Guardian, January 15, 2014.
 Hyundai is selling the first commercially available hydrogen powered electric car in California by May, 2014, followed shortly after that by Toyota, Honda and ultimately a year or so later by 6 other manufacturers. See "Hyundai to offer Tucson Fuel Cell vehicle to LA-area retail customers in spring 2014; Honda, Toyota show latest FCV concepts targeting 2015 launch," Green Car Congress, November 11, 2013.
 Curtin, Sandra, et al, "The Business Case for Fuel Cells 2012," pp. 1-4, Fuel Cells 2000.
 In fact, long distance transmission lines are not only destroyed by the increasing pattern of forest fires in the Western USA, they are often determined to be the cause of the fires themselves which then rage out of control in remote parts of the forest.
 South Korea has begun installing and using such large base power fuel cell generators. See Dixon, Darius, "Another U.S. Clean Energy Generator Finds a Home Abroad," New York Times, June 24, 2010.
 Weinberg, Alvin M., "New Life for Nuclear Power," Issues in Science and Technology, Summer 2003.
 "Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 7.0," Lazard, August 2013.
 "Analysis: 50% Reduction in Cost of Renewables Since 2008," Cleantechnica.com, September 11, 2013.
"Shale and Renewables: A Symbiotic Relationship," Citi Research, September 12, 2012.
 Sovacool, Benjamin K., et al, "Comment on 'Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power'," [dx.doi.org/10.1021/es401667h], Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 6715−6717, p. 6715, para. 4 (see footnotes infra).
 "Part I: AP IMPACT: US Regulators Weaken Nuke Safety Rules," AP, June 2011.
 "The NRC and Nuclear Power Plant Safety in 2012: Tolerating the Intolerable," UCS, 2012.
 Strickland, Eliza, "Former NRC Chairman Says U.S. Nuclear Industry is 'Going Away'," IEEE Spectrum, October 10, 2013. See also the following video: "Gregory Jaczko: Dangers of Nuclear Power in New York," The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident: Ongoing Lessons, https://www.facebook.com/FukushimaLessons, October 8, 2013.
 Wald, Matthew, "Ex-Regulator Says Reactors Are Flawed," New York Times, April 8, 2013. Chairman Jaczko served as Chairman of the NRC from May 2009 to May 2012.
 Goodman, Amy, "Fukushima is an ongoing warning to the world on nuclear energy," The Guardian, January 16, 2014.
 "Volunteers Crowdsource Radiation Monitoring to Map Potential Risk on Every Street in Japan," DemocracyNow.Org, January 17, 2014. See Also, Safecast website.
 Kharecha, Pushker A. and Hansen, James E., "Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power," [dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3051197], Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 4889−4895, p. 4893, para. 7.
Rinaldo S. Brutoco is the founder and President of the World Business Academy, a non-profit business think tank established in 1987 with a mission to (i) explore the role and responsibility of business in relation to critical moral, environmental, and social issues of our day; (ii) inspire the business community to assume responsibility for the whole of society; and (iii) assist those in business who share our values to take greater responsibility for positive social outcomes from business initiatives. The Academy's projects and numerous publications take on today's challenges including environmental degradation; the shift away from dirty energy and toward clean, renewable energy; and the existential threat posed by climate change. The Academy also has an active Energy Task Force that has been working continuously on these issues since 1997, while Academy Fellows, representing some of the best and brightest men and women shaping today's global landscape, have analyzed, reported and predicted the transforming paradigm shifts in business and society.


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रवि लामिछानेकाेे कर्म एक टिप्पणी
Statement of the Anti-imperialist Antifascist International United Front (AIAFUF) on Trump's election defeat
२०७७ मंसिर ३ १५:१०
ANTI IMPERIALIST ANTIFASCIST INTERNATIONAL UNITED FRONT (AIAFUF)
The Anti-imperialist Antifascist International United Front is delighted that the masses in the US have voted the fascist linked Donald Trump out of office. This is a clear sign against the anti-worker reactionary, racist, anti-women and anti-environmental policies. The election is an expression of a progressive change of mood in the USA and a great politicization, but also polarization. Black Lives Matter with worldwide impact and over 1000 strikes in recent months show that the independent initiatives of the working class and the masses are also growing.
The mass movement should not subside now. There should be no illusions about Joe Biden who is also an ultra-reactionary imperialist politician. He will probably take on a different tone and take a different stand on one issue or another. But he, too, defends the US imperialist claim to supremacy and imperialist policies across the globe.
At the same time, the mass movement must remain vigilant against Donald Trump and the fascist forces in the USA. He is quite capable of attempting a coup d'état, and, after all, his demagogy won him 70 million votes.
The anti-imperialist and antifascist organizations, which have come together in the international united front, reach out to all organizations in the USA for a common struggle. The real winners of the elections are the masses with their political activism. They need a clear anti-imperialist, socialist perspective against the bogus alternative Trump or Biden. Therefore, the anti-imperialist and revolutionary forces of the USA are sincerely welcome to participate in the anti-imperialist united front against fascism and war.
Never again fascism!
Long live the international anti-imperialist struggle!
Strengthen the Anti-imperialist Antifascist International United Front!
Monika Gärtner-Engel, ICOR Main Coordinator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Believe it or not, children begin growing teeth during their sixth week in the womb. After about six months after they are born, teething begins. This is the first problem that most parents have to deal with regarding the development of their child's teeth. Luckily, most teething related pain will go away on its own. Most children will have all their baby teeth, or primary teeth, by the time they are three years old. However, it is completely normal for this milestone to occur earlier or later in a child's life. Children will usually start growing adult teeth when they are about six years old.
Many parents know very little about oral health. This explains why so many moms and dads slack when it comes to making sure their child takes care of their teeth. There are many things that make it difficult for adults to keep up with the oral health of their children. Things like lack of time and lack of communication are common culprits. Many parents are simply too busy to remember everything they should be doing to make sure their child's teeth stay healthy. Other times, a child's lack of an ability to properly communicate when they have a problem can lead to issues.
What should actually be done to keep a child's teeth healthy?
The answer is actually quite simple. For children with baby teeth, parents should know that even though those teeth will eventually fall out, it is still important for them to be taken care of. Otherwise, tooth decay and other problems can happen. If a child loses a baby tooth too early, other teeth may crowd the empty space that is left behind. This can cause the adult tooth that is supposed to replace it to not have the proper amount of space when growing in.
Sierra Dental one of the dentists in Calgary has said to make sure your children brush and floss correctly and consistently. Parents should have certain times of the day that are dedicated brushing and flossing times. They should also make sure their child sees their dentist regularly for cleanings and checkups. Children should also wear protective mouth guards whenever necessary.
Knowing what is going on in your child's mouth will help you prevent any avoidable problems. Pay attention to their age and any changes or pain they may be experiencing. Encouraging your child to take good care of their teeth from a young age will increase the likelihood of them keeping up with these good practices in the future.


Kostasze is here. Today, I want to share with you my trades and make some comments on them about the importance of their entries. As I said in a previous article, entries is the most important thing of your trades.Everone may have a good and solid strategy but false or early entries can destroy his account.I am going to give you some tips. Here are my today trades.
3/5 ITM. It's not my best performance because of an early entry in EUR/JPY. It could be 4/5, a respectable performance but it's not. Let's see why. Here is the first screenshot.
I took my trades in the first three blue boxes. The 4th box is an ITM trade but I didn't take it because I wasn't in front of the monitor. In the first blue box you can see that we have a whole number (the cyan line).The first time the price hit the whole number with a long green candle we have a rejection.Notice the long wick of the candle.The candle hit this level and we have a rejection in the same minute.This is our resistance.The second time the price hit this level I took a put.Our RSI was overbought.The trade was ITM.
Now, look at the second blue box. Here is my OTM trade because of the early entry.We have again a whole number.The price hit this level and we have a small rejection.So, I took a put.OTM. Where is my fault? I will tell you where it is.Look at the beginning of the screenshot.Near the same whole number we have a resistance but not in the whole number , near it.A little bit above it. Three minutes later the price broke this resistance. This means that the price has the strength to break again this level(my entry).Furthermore, the 8 period RSI wasn't in overbought condition in my entry.Another signal.After one minute, when price hit the real resistance a little bit above the whole number we have a pull back. This is the right entry and it's ITM.
3rd blue box.The red horizontal line is a strong past resistance.I was waiting for the price to hit this level and I took a put.ITM.
Here is the second screenshot.In the blue box you can see the trade I took.Notice the red horizontal line.It's a strong past resistance of the day and a whole number,too.Our 8 period RSI is extremely overbought(hit almost level 80).In this case we have so many clues which give us a clear signal for our trade.I took a put when price hit this level.We had a rejection in the same minute and after that the price was moving down for about 10 minutes.ITM. You should always look for the price behaviour in the past.You should always notice the rejections, the strength of the price and you should always "feel the market" before every trade. Don't trade mechanically.


text:
z-news.link News of the World
Home / business / In the Donbass mines flooded 36 – OSCE
In the Donbass mines flooded 36 – OSCE
29.11.2017	business 166 Views
In large parts of the "republics" doesn't work drainage.
Not controlled by the Ukrainian government of the territory of Donbass coal mines 36 mines are no longer usable due to flooding or full flooding. This is stated in a study conducted by the OSCE with the support of the governments of Austria and Canada.
"As a result of military action repeatedly disconnected from power supply of the coal companies that led to the stop bilge systems, which in some cases led to full flooding of mines," the study says.
See also: Maslyakov will remain as the host of "KVN"
According to the data, to date, is not fully functional drainage system at uncontrolled territories of Kiev – from Yenakievo to Gorlovka, Pervomaisk district, partly in Donetsk, Makeyevka, Shakhtersk, Torect.
In addition, a significant excess concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus recorded in the rivers Kalmius, kalchik, Seversky Donets, kleban-Byk.
"Systematic concentration of pollutants in the soils in the area of combat operations 1.1-1.3 times was observed (mercury, vanadium, cadmium, non-radioactive strontium). In some cases, exceeding levels reached 17 times," reads the study.
See also: On the territory of Donbass from Russia moved a convoy of trucks - OSCE
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text:
Baghdad / NINA / Vice President Iyad Allawi condemned on Saturday the assassination incident of imams in Basra, calling for unity and miss an opportunity to those who want to tear the fabric coherence.
He said in a statement today that coinciding with fragrant anniversary and celebrations of the Islamic world on the birth of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him and his family and companions, the hand of treacherous terrorism came to commit a crime of assassinating a number of imams in Basra, sending a message of hatred to all that is sacred and humane and their belonging to a world of darkness and savagery, and a continuation of the sedition among the sons of one people.
Allawi made it clear "We condemn this heinous crime, and we call on our security forces to speed to bring the perpetrators and those who stand behind them to justice, we call on all the sons of our people , especially in Basrah to the cohesion and unity, and to miss the opportunity to those who want to tear the social fabric of this peaceful province./End
Read more: http://ninanews.com/english/News_Details.asp?ar95_VQ=HJDEFF
You are here: HomeNewsAllawi condemned the assassination incident of imams in Basra and calls to unity Scroll to Top


text:
Q: How to approach a setInterval triggering a setInterval within the same function I a rewards site. Users earn points when they watch videos. Users want to skip to the end of the video to quickly earn their points. Therefore, the mechanism of the video being marked as completed is managed by a JS timer.
The Problem: When a user pauses the video, the timer needs to pause. When the user clicks play again, a setInterval is used to reopen the function, where a setInterval within the existing function does the same thing, creating a huge problem...
This is the code that is set every second to update the timer...
var video_percent_count = 0;

function video_percent() {

  var prize_video = document.getElementById("prize_video");
  total_duration = Math.floor(prize_video.duration) + 1;

  video_percent_count++;
  percent = video_percent_count / total_duration;
  convert_percent = (percent * 100).toFixed(2);

  if(convert_percent == 100) {
    clearInterval(video_percent_interval);
  }

if(prize_video.paused) {
clearInterval(video_percent_interval);
}

if(prize_video.play) {
setInterval("video_percent()", 1000);
}

  $(".percent_container").text(convert_percent);
}

function prize_video(count_prize) {
    var back_count_prize = count_prize - 1;
    $("#prize_video").get(back_count_prize).play();
      video_percent_interval = setInterval("video_percent()", 1000);
}

How can I properly manage play and pause and still keep setInterval clean?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Prove $\sup (A \cap (-\infty, x]) = x$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R} $ if and only if $A$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$. Let $A \subset \mathbb{R}$. Prove $\sup (A \cap (-\infty, x]) = x$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R} $ if and only if $A$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$.
I can't get my feet off the ground with this problem. Any help would be nice.


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text:
Team Covid-19 Health Screening Form
CYO COVID Guidelines 2021-22
The Catholic Youth Organization is actively monitoring the CDC and county decisions on COVID requirements/restrictions and moving forward with winter athletics at this time. Restrictions can change daily. It is extremely important for you to monitor and follow protocols for your area for practicing, including verifying with your pastor on the individual parish decisions on a regular basis. It's also important to verify any restrictions in jurisdictions and venues that you will play games at each week. A list of venues can be found in the left hand column of this page.
The CYO is proceeding with staying compliant with these governmental regulations, the County Health Department requirements and avoiding issuing internal mandates that add more restrictions then already required by the jurisdictions. However, in order to stay as consistent as possible across jurisdictions, we do offer reasonable and manageable best practices listed below.
For the best clarity, we have addressed the following most common areas of COVID restriction concerns.
The CYO is not currently requiring vaccination or proof of vaccinations for individuals for events held on parish property. Note that this differs from the vaccine mandate in D.C. for school-based extracurricular athletics.
Teams should report to parents and the CYO office when known posstive COVID results have been reported to them. This must be done with confidence so that an individual is not specifically identified. The CYO Office will then notify other teams that were recently played of the reports also in confidence to not identify individuals.
Masks (for jurisdictions where masking is required) as of 12/6/21 all games held in PG county and MC county require masks indoors.
All individuals over the age of 2 years old, regardless of vaccination status, must be masked at all times inside the gymnasium.
Players, regardless of vaccination status, are required to wear a mask at all times unless they feel wearing a mask imposes a health risk while actively participating in the game.
Players on the bench must be masked, but a reasonable amount of time is allowed to mask when a player has just returned from active play and needs to catch their breath.
Cloth masks should be cleaned between practices and games.
At this time, the CYO as a general rule is not limiting spectators. It's important to check venues as some are or will likely limit spectators due to the building and spectator area size.
The CYO asks that families self-limit themselves to 1 or 2 spectators per player in order to help avoid more restrictive mandates by venues and jurisdictions.
All individuals are asked to self-maintain appropriate distance from one another where possible.
Coaches and players are to avoid close gathered huddles as much as possible.
Team bench players should spread out approximately a chair width or more where possible while on the bench.
PERSONAL BEST PRACTICES
Regularly wash hands with soap and water to remove germs and limit contamination of shared equipment. If there is no access to soap and water, hand sanitizer should be used to eliminate germs.
No postgame handshakes.
Bring your own ball for practice.
Bring your own water bottle and do not share bottles. No team water coolers. Provide sealed individual plastic bottles of water for players that do not bring their own.
Assign players their own pennie (practice shirt) that they will take home and bring to games and practices after cleaning. Provide spares when absolutely necessary.
Provide at least two pairs of goalie gloves and encourage regular goalies to bring their own pair.
Take your temperature before coming to a game or practice. Know and watch for the symptoms of Covid-19:
Fever (100.4°F/38°C or higher) or chills, persistent cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue muscle or body aches, persistent headache, new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea.
Stay home if you or someone in your household:
Has a fever (100.4°F/38°C or higher) or feel sick.
Is waiting on Covid-19 test results.
Has been in close contact with someone who is positive or suspected positive for Covid-19.


text:
From the Vicar
Baptism and Thanksgiving
Roads in the Parish
Friends of St Marys Cemetery
Dec 2, 2020 | Vicar Letter | 0 comments
With the introduction of a second national lockdown, and the tightening of restrictions to prevent the spread of coronavirus, there has been much made in parts of the media about 'Christmas being cancelled'. But whatever restrictions might be in place this year, let me assure of you this: Christmas is definitely not cancelled. For nothing can cancel out what God has already done for us in sending his son, Jesus Christ, to earth 2,000 years ago. It is that which we shall continue to celebrate as Christians once again this year, even though I do not think we will not be able to celebrate it as we normally would both in our church building and with family and friends. Our Christmas services will also definitely be taking place, albeit on Zoom, if not also in the building. For further details of these, please see elsewhere in the magazine, but given the fluidity of life at present, do consult our church website www.stmarysgreatsankey.org.uk, weekly notice sheet or church noticeboards for the latest information.
I wrote in the last magazine about our Annual Parochial Church Meeting. I'm very pleased to say that Lynn Parish has been reappointed as churchwarden, and we now have both Ian Knight and Kate Forrest appointed as assistant wardens, together with Roxy Jones, Sarah Lavelle, Leanne Turner and Gemma Tocher being appointed to the PCC. Please do keep them and all existing members of the PCC in your prayers as we seek to navigate our way through these challenging times.
How might we all help and be helped through these times then? Firstly, through prayer. The Archbishops invited us at the start of this second lockdown to pray every day for the nation at 6 p.m., and to consider fasting on a Thursday. Maybe that is something which it would be good for us to continue doing as we watch and wait for the coming of Christ through the season of Advent this year? Secondly, through communication. It's good to be in touch with each other and with others. I'm very grateful to those church members who have agreed to ring others so that we keep in touch with all in our church community during these difficult days. But of course many of us will be in touch with each other anyway, and that can help to reduce isolation, as does the Team Telephone Befriending Scheme reaching out to the wider community which some of us are involved with. Thirdly, through our giving. At Christmas, we remember the greatest gift God made to the world through sending his son, Jesus. What gift might you be able to make back to God to support the work of the church at this time?
With my best wishes for this Advent and Christmas season, and a brighter new year.
Jeremy Tear
Pioneer Team Rector
P.S. I am pleased to report that the work on the organ chamber has now finished and the next step will be to reinstall the organ back into its usual place. We are also currently waiting on a date from VirginMedia for the installation of broadband into our church building.
November Team Letter
September Team Letter
Team Letter
Vicar Letter


manicstreetpreacher reports on how creationist lunacy is still very alive and well in the Land of the Free.
I was stunned when I came across this article in on The Daily Telegraph website a few days ago about the soon-to-be-released biopic of the author of The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin, Creation (homepage / IMDB), directed by Jon Amiel and starring Paul Bettany and Jennifer Connelly.
The film, which is due to be released in the UK on 25 September 2009, appears to have been warmly received by critics in Europe. Richard Dawkins, who has recently published his defence of the evidence for evolution, The Greatest Show On Earth, sat on a Newsnight Review panel with other religious and atheist intellectuals, praised the film overall with a few reservations in regard to "storytelling licence" over Darwin's tortured character and the pressure he received from T H Huxley as portrayed in the film.
The film has been eagerly snapped up by film distributors from Europe to Australia, however, The Daily Telegraph reports that it has failed to find one in the USA due to anti-Darwin sentiments which are still rife over 150 years after the books was published.
The article ramifies the unbelievable ignorance and bigotry on display in a country where only 39% of population actually believe in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
That's what we're up against. In 2009. It's amazing.
The film has no distributor in America. It has got a deal everywhere else in the world but in the US, and it's because of what the film is about. People have been saying this is the best film they've seen all year, yet nobody in the US has picked it up.
It is unbelievable to us that this is still a really hot potato in America. There's still a great belief that He made the world in six days. It's quite difficult for we in the UK to imagine religion in America. We live in a country which is no longer so religious. But in the US, outside of New York and LA, religion rules.
Charles Darwin is, I suppose, the hero of the film. But we tried to make the film in a very even-handed way. Darwin wasn't saying 'kill all religion', he never said such a thing, but he is a totem for people.
Movieguide.org, an influential website which reviews films from a Christian perspective, recently reviewed a book called Darwin's Racists by Sharon Sebastian and Raymond G Bohlin and described Darwin as the father of eugenics and denounced him as "a racist, a bigot and an 1800s naturalist whose legacy is mass murder". His "half-baked theory" directly influenced Adolf Hitler and led to "atrocities, crimes against humanity, cloning and genetic engineering", the site stated.
I have refuted at length these prejudices relating to Darwin's theory here and here on this blog, so I am not going to expend the energy in doing so again in this article. There would be little point. If I haven't convinced anyone by now, then I'm not going to.
I just think that it is incredibly worrying that in the 21st century over half the population of the most affluent country in the world are so blinded by their religious dogmas that they fail to recognise the beauty, simplicity and above all the truth of a theory that has directly lead to advances in science and medicine of the kind that have eradicated smallpox from the globe.


text:
Q: jQuery if url first segment contains if url contains like this and I want to if segment1 equals something then do this...
http://stackoverflow.com/segment1/segment2

like:
if (segment1 = 'anyword')
{
 ..then do this
}

something like that?

A: You could split up the url:
var url = "http://stackoverflow.com/segment1/segment2";

var splits = url.replace('http://', '').split('/');

if(splits[1] == "segment1"){

}

A: You can do it like this
var myurl = "http://stackoverflow.com/segment1/segment2";

if(myurl.split('/')[3] == "segment1")
{
//your code
}

A: var s1 = "foo";
alert(s1.indexOf("oo") != -1);

OR
if (/anyword/.test(self.location.href))
{
   ....
}

A: You could split the url, and check each pathname etc. but if you're only trying to check if the url contains something you could just do:
var url = 'http://stackoverflow.com/segment1/segment2';

if (url.indexOf('segment1') != -1) {
   //do this
}


text:
Florida Supreme Court rules statutory caps on noneconomic damages in medical negligence cases unconstitutional
On June 8, 2017, in North Broward Hospital District v. Kalitan, No. SC15-1858, the Florida Supreme Court affirmed the Fourth DCA's decision that the monetary caps imposed by F.S. section 766.118 on personal injury noneconomic damages in medical negligence cases violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Florida Constitution. The Florida Supreme Court's decision was the inevitable consequence of its previous decision in Estate of McCall v. United States, 134 So. 3d 894 (Fla. 2014) in which the Court similarly held that the same caps were unconstitutional when applied to wrongful death damages.
Where no suspect class or fundamental right is implicated, a statute will survive Equal Protection analysis if (i) it bears a rational and reasonable relationship to a legitimate state objective, and (ii) it is not arbitrarily or capriciously imposed. In Estate of McCall, The Court based its finding on a determination that the medical negligence caps failed both tests. The caps created "arbitrary and invidious discrimination" between classes of medical negligence victims by arbitrarily reducing damages that may be awarded to the most drastically injured victims. In addition, the caps did not bear a rational relationship to a legitimate state objective because there was a lack of evidence of a continuing medical negligence insurance crisis (the original alleged justification for the caps) or that the caps alleviated this alleged crisis.


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Study Aims to Document Whether Yoga and Meditation Can Reduce COVID-19 Anxiety
This study will help researchers understand if low-cost, easy-to-disseminate stress reduction tools can be effective in the context of a national crisis.
By Dana Sullivan Kilroy
Everyday Health Archive
Everyone in the study will receive reading material on reducing anxiety. In addition, some people will meditate daily and others will practice yoga daily.Marti Sans/Stocksy
The global spread of COVID-19 is likely to have wide-ranging mental health consequences. In fact, in a recent Kaiser Family Foundation poll of 1,226 adults age 18 and older living in the United States, nearly half (45 percent) reported that their mental health has been negatively affected by worry and stress over the new coronavirus.
Now Brian Fallon, MD, MPH, a professor of clinical psychiatry and the director of the Center for Neuroinflammatory Disorders and Biobehavioral Medicine at Columbia University in New York City, is launching a study designed to help U.S.-based residents increase their personal resilience and coping strategies using well-known anxiety soothing techniques. The study, called "Meditation and Yoga for Anxiety in the Time of COVID-19," will teach participants techniques including meditation, kundalini yoga, and anxiety reduction strategies, or some combination of those three. Fallon and his colleagues are testing whether daily meditation or daily kundalini yoga with anxiety reduction training confers a greater reduction in anxiety than anxiety reduction training alone.
Boxed In Episode 3: 'The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Brain'
Recorded 5/13/20. How do stress and trauma affect our brains in the short term and long term? Brian Fallon, MD, has been studying obsessive compulsive disorder and hypochondriasis for decades.
RELATED: The Lasting Impact of COVID-19: How Will It Affect Our Mental Health?
Dr. Fallon, who was designated a top doctor by Castle Connolly, a patient research and information resource, says the results of this study could be useful for people with types of anxiety other than that caused by the current global pandemic.
The entire eight-week study will be conducted online, and is currently enrolling participants. The study is open to anyone who is 18 to 70 years old (including those who have previously been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder such as OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety, or a simple phobia, as well as those who have never had an anxiety diagnosis) and has experienced mild to moderate anxiety related to COVID-19 (but has not been diagnosed with COVID-19).
Find details about how to participate in the study on the ProofPilot website. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: kundalini yoga plus anxiety reduction, meditation plus anxiety reduction, or anxiety reduction alone. You do not need experience with yoga or meditation to enroll.
RELATED: How to Handle Anxiety in the Time of COVID-19
Those in the kundalini yoga cohort will commit to doing a 35-minute yoga class every day for the duration of the study. The class is led by Charles Alexander, MD, a psychiatrist based in Southport, Connecticut, and Ghurucharan Singh Khalsa, PhD, a psychotherapist based in Aliso Viejo, California; both are trained meditation and kundalini yoga teachers. The yoga class includes light stretching, breathing, and meditation.
RELATED: All About Hatha, Ashtanga, Kundalini, and Other Types of Yoga
The people assigned to the meditation cohort will commit to a daily 15-minute meditation practice for the duration of the eight-week trial. The daily meditation training is taught by an instructor from Journey Meditation, a digital program. Both the meditation and the yoga programs are prerecorded so participants can listen when it's convenient for them.
People in the third group, as well as people in the yoga and meditation groups, will all receive reading material about topics such as "anxiety versus worry" and "causes of insomnia and how to improve it" (they'll receive material on a new topic every two weeks). The reading material will include a lesson plan with information about how to use cognitive behavioral changes for stress reduction and will take approximately 30 minutes to read. Participants will be instructed to read the material several times over the course of the two weeks.
At the end of the study, all participants will be given a free eight-week subscription to the Journey LIVE Meditation App.
"[Our hope is] that nearly all participants will benefit from the study as they all will be getting trained in methods of anxiety reduction using cognitive behavioral therapy strategies that are known to be effective in reducing stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia," says Fallon. He says he and his team conceived of the study because of the tremendous need for everyone to learn the best coping skills to deal with the current major stressors. To demonstrate the improvement over time, Fallon's team will measure the change in anxiety, depression, insomnia, and cognition as well as participants' self-reported quality of life.
While there have been many studies about the effect a daily meditation practice can have on wellness, kundalini yoga has not been as well studied, Fallon says.
RELATED: What We Know About the Health Benefits of Practicing Yoga
"Kundalini yoga integrates movement, meditation, and breathing," he says. And there's evidence suggesting it may help reduce anxiety. A study published in April 2018 in the International Journal of Yoga Therapy found that kundalini yoga may help people previously diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder manage their symptoms.
The spread of COVID-19 and the anxiety that goes along with it — anxiety related to job losses, financial stress, disruptions in everyday life, loss of a loved one, uncertainty about when things will return to "normal" — could trigger increased despair, insomnia, depression, and suicidal thoughts, Fallon says.
"We hope to demonstrate that brief, easily accessible, internet-based interventions that can be widely disseminated can be helpful to improve coping skills and reduce anxiety in the context of a large-scale public health crisis," Fallon says.
The trial will also help Fallon and his colleagues understand if this type of lower-intensity anxiety reduction training is feasible in the context of a national crisis, he explains. "Because the training is primarily self-driven and not dependent on contact with therapists or trainers, it is low cost and easy to disseminate. If we are able to show benefit from this approach, then it could be a very useful cost-effective tool for future widespread public health crises or natural disasters."
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The scorching temperatures and forest fires of this summer's heatwave have finally stirred the world to face the onrushing threat of global warming, claims the climate scientist behind the recent "hothouse Earth" report.
Following an unprecedented 270,000 downloads of his study, Johan Rockström, executive director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre, said he had not seen such a surge of interest since 2007, the year the Nobel prize was awarded to Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The heatwave has dominated headlines across the northern hemisphere this summer. New temperature records have been set in Africa and cities in Australia, Taiwan, Georgia and the west coast of US. Heat stroke or forest fires have killed at least 119 in Japan, 29 in South Korea, 91 in Greece and nine in California. There have even been freak blazes in Lapland and elsewhere in the Arctic circle, while holidaymakers and locals alike have sweltered in unusually hot weather in southern Europe.
Coming amid this climate chaos, the "hothouse Earth" paper by Rockström and his co-authors struck a chord with the public by spelling out the huge and growing risk that emissions are pushing the planet's climate off the path it has been on for 2.5m years.
Even in the US, which president Donald Trump has vowed to pull out of the Paris accord, public opinion surveys have shown a growing acceptance of climate science. Last year's mega-typhoons and a hot May helped 73% of the public to acknowledge the reality of climate change, including a record 60% who now recognise that the causes are manmade. With millennials overwhelmingly in favour of tougher action, several pollsters are predicting that climate could be a factor in the midterm elections in the autumn.
Rockström said he was concerned about the widening gap between scientists' increasingly alarmed descriptions of climate destruction and leaders' weak statements of what is politically possible.
The hothouse paper spells out the actions that governments need to take, including carbon laws that aim to halve emissions every decade and stronger safeguards for natural sinks, such as oceans and forests that are currently being lost.
"This is very dangerous. We are not just doing wrong ourselves with emissions, we are also killing our best friends – forests and oceans – that might ease the impact," Rockström says.
He and others have drawn up a detailed action plan will be unveiled ahead of the Californian climate summit in September. It will include more ambitious targets than those outlined in the Paris accord, which aims to keep temperature rises below 2C. 49 countries' emissions have already peaked, but overall government commitments to date are lagging so much that the world is on a course for 3C of warming, at which level the risk of reaching an irreversible tipping point gets higher.
The authors say it is economically and technologically feasible to make more drastic emissions cuts that can keep warming at 1.5C.
With the world now believed to be in an "anomalously warm" phase until at least 2022, Rockström says the global public will increasingly feel the impacts of climate change and, he hopes, demand more urgency from their governments.


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Turning Toward Nonviolence
Last month's movie theater massacre in Aurora, Colorado, was another wake up call for our gun crazy, violent nation. We grieve for the dead and wounded, and join with others in a demand handgun reform, but what we need is a fundamental change among us all. This ongoing horrific violence, and the daily violence we read about, summons us to make a principled turn from violence to nonviolence. Every one of us, and every sector of society, needs to make that turn. Without our conversion to nonviolence, we will be forever stuck in the ancient mindlessness and downward spiral of violence. But we need not be stuck. We can choose to be nonviolent people.
Yes, we have to ban handguns and AK-47s. And we need to abolish war, executions, drones, Trident Submarines, extrajudicial assassination, state-sanctioned violence and nuclear weapons. We have a president who starts his day sending his kids off to school and deciding calmly over coffee whom to assassinate. We send drones over Afghanistan, Yemen and Pakistan which terrorize children and kill them like in some nightmarish "Dark Night" horror film. We execute people legally. And in Los Alamos, New Mexico, we continue to build nuclear weapons as if that was a normal thing to do. We hold the world hostage with our nuclear terrorism.
Everywhere we turn we hear of more violence. We feel it in ourselves as if we've been infected by some kind of plague. For the many young people who are not loved, not taught to be nonviolent, not given any hope or meaning in life, not invited to join the nonviolent struggle for justice and peace, the nihilism and insanity of further violence can feel like a natural progression. "Everyone is violent, so I'll be violent, too," many think. They are not taught how to live nonviolently.
It's a wonder there aren't more massacres.
Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. both insisted that we need a fundamental internal conversion from violence to nonviolence as the basis for our work for justice, human rights and peace. Each one of us, they argued day and night, has to reject that pull of violence and choose to live a nonviolent life and join the struggle to create a nonviolent world. This philosophical, moral and spiritual turning is the hardest step of all, the most courageous and the most needed. As more and more of us choose active, creative nonviolence as a way of life, we have a chance of creating a more nonviolent society.
Nonviolence needs to touch every area of society, but sometimes, I'm hard pressed to find any areas of society that could be considered nonviolent. Our schools are training grounds of violence; most universities take millions from the Pentagon to train young people to kill. Wall Street mega-corporations seek only to make money for the elite, and leave the poor and needy poor and needy. The media ignores those who teach and practice nonviolence, and highlights violence morning, noon and night to sell their insipid ads. The legal profession has failed to outlaw our weapons, and the medical profession has failed to fight the epidemic of violence. Hollywood glorifies violence, and brainwashes us into thinking that scenes of mass murder are entertaining. Our politicians serve the culture of violence and war. Only a handful of leaders, like Barbara Lee, John Lewis and Dennis Kucinich, uphold the politics of active nonviolence. And the churches, mosques and synagogues by and large do not teach nonviolence; instead they support through their silence or outright hypocrisy, the culture of violence and war.
All of that has to change. We need the institutions of civil society to become nonviolent and then to advocate societal nonviolence that we can move toward a new culture of nonviolence.
Our educators need to step up to the plate and become educators of peace and nonviolence. Every elementary and high school, and every college and university in the U.S. and the world should first of all be a training camp for nonviolence, where the methodologies of nonviolent conflict resolution are taught, and the life of nonviolence is modeled. Everyone in the legal profession should help at some level to outlaw war, weapons, and executions, while everyone in the medical profession should join the campaign to fight the cancer of violence. Everyone in the media should commit themselves to highlighting nonviolent conflict resolution, those who teach it, and how to live in peace. Hollywood should risk making inspiring movies like "Gandhi" and "Romero," instead of "Dark Knight" and "Terminator Salvation." And every church, mosque and synagogue should uphold the spiritual teachings of nonviolence, so that members become formed in their tradition of nonviolence and join the global campaign of disarmament and nonviolence.
Of course, every politician in the United States should be leading us toward a new nonviolent nation. Instead of supporting the Pentagon's wars and the Labs' weapons, politicians should uphold the vision of a new culture of peace and nonviolence and point the way there. In their speeches, they should be asking us, "What would our land look like if there were no more guns, no more bombs, no more wars, no more poverty, if we were all nonviolent—and what do we have to do now to help make that vision of peace come true?" We should be working diligently not only to stop all murders, executions and wars, but to make such horrors a thing of the past.
That means, of course, that the Obama administration should refuse to assassinate anyone, bring the troops home from Afghanistan, dismantle our drones and nuclear weapons, cut the military budget drastically, and use those infinite funds to rebuild our nation and world, including through the systematic education of everyone everywhere in the methodologies of nonviolent conflict resolution.
Gandhi and King insisted that nonviolence is our only hope, but that it requires a profound commitment as well as serious movement organizing. They taught that living and advocating the life of nonviolence, given our global addiction to violence, was the highest human ideal. If we are to survive, one day all our institutions, structures, and nations will be nonviolent.
In light of the Aurora massacre, I hope we can each make a new commitment to nonviolence, and do what we can, like Gandhi and King, to teach and practice nonviolence as a way of life—among our families, in our workplace, in our local community, in our religious house of worship, and in every area of civic society, that creative nonviolence might become the new norm.
I find that it helps to use the word "nonviolence," to talk about it with friends, relatives, co-workers, politicians and religious leaders. As a Gandhian experiment with truth, we can ask people how they define nonviolence, how they are becoming more nonviolent, and what they can do to help create a more nonviolent world. Their answers may surprise us.
"Humanity has to go out of violence only through nonviolence," Gandhi wrote shortly before he was brutally shot down. "Hatred can be overcome only by love. Counter hatred only increases the surface, as well as the depth of hatred."
"My optimism rests on my belief in the infinite possibilities of the individual to develop nonviolence," he continued. "The more you develop it in your own being, the more infectious it becomes until it overwhelms your surroundings and by and by might oversweep the world."
Martin Luther King, Jr. said the same thing–over and over, every day of his life. "The choice is no longer violence or nonviolence," Dr. King. said the night before government forces shot him down. "It's nonviolence or non-existence."
His last words still ring true. With the strength and time we have left, let's help one another move from our culture of violence into the vision, politics, economics, hope and life of creative nonviolence that one day we might achieve a new culture of nonviolence.


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