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Stefania Ragaù, Lecture- "Nationalist Humanism, 'Nationalhumanismus,' after George L. Mosse"
The following talk was given at Memorial Library on Thursday, 4 August 2022. For an overview of the afternoon read Libby Theune's "Summer Scholars Share Insights on Interwar European Politics."
The call for applications for 2023 Mosse-Friends Fellowships is now open.
I am delighted to present my new research here at Memorial Library in Madison. First, I want to thank Skye Doney for organizing this event, and then thank you all for being here today. As you can read from my title, I am going to talk to you about the notion of Nationalhumanismus, which is a German word that might be translated into English as National Humanism. It is a neologism that some Zionist thinkers — including Hans Kohn (1891-1971), Felix Weltsch (1884-1964), and Max Brod (1884-1968) — used in their writings at the beginning of the 1930s in order to concentrate "on the creative rather than destructive elements of nationalism."[1] With the exception of George L. Mosse and more recently Scott Spector (University of Michigan), this topic represents a historical matter that historians have not yet sufficiently dealt with. It is no coincidence that in 1997 Mosse claimed that "scholarship has the task of discovering and evaluating such efforts" related to these Zionist attempts to strike a balance between humanistic aspirations and political commitment.[2] This is exactly what I plan to do with my new research project. I have to premise this by noting that I am still in the beginning stages and have just published my first book, Sognando Sion, based off of my previous PhD dissertation, and so have only been working on this new topic since this past winter.
In any case, I think the best way to open a presentation is starting with its structure. I would like to confine my talk to three points:
First, I will explain what the meaning of the notion of National Humanism is according to the writings of two prominent Zionist intellectuals, Hans Kohn and Felix Weltsch.
Then, I will focus on Mosse's writings and the meaning of such a notion according to his understanding. I will limit myself in this talk to two particular aspects: how Mosse discovered this notion and what role it played in his writings.
Finally, I will outline what the goals of my project are. Basically, my research aims to compare some of the recurring elements of empires (like territory, religion, belonging, and citizenship) and analyze to what extent Zionism did share these attributes, and what the legacy of the imperial structure in the interwar period was. Therefore, instead of focusing on the typical legacy of Bildung, which was quite relevant to Mosse and his recovery of National Humanism, I will deal with the Habsburg imperial legacy in the new Czechoslovak Republic, for which I will explain the reasoning.
Regarding the meaning of Nationalhumanismus, I'll begin by introducing the first two appearances of this term within Zionist printed sources. The idea of striking a balance between humanistic aspirations and political commitment was already featured in several publications by Max Brod, Hans Kohn, and Felix Weltsch starting in the 1920s. However, we have to wait until the early 1930s before finding the term itself along with a more structured theorization.
As far as I know at the moment, this term is first mentioned in the book written by historian Hans Kohn, entitled L'humanisme juif and printed in Paris in 1931. According to George L. Mosse, Kohn's book constituted "one of the few attempts to trace" the genealogy of National Humanism.[3] In the quote below, you can read what the first explanation of such a notion was. Hans Kohn translated it from German into French without deciding which of the two terms to prioritize. Indeed, he used both of them as nouns, nationalism and humanism. He also added that only such a nationally-based humanism would realize the meaning of Judaism, thus demonstrating a certain Buberian influence which, after all, was quite common among all these Jewish thinkers.
We then find another occurrence a couple of years later in 1934, namely in Felix Weltsch's final piece, entitled Thesen von Nationalhumanismus (Theses of National Humanism) and published in Max Brod's Rassentheorie und Judentum (Racial Theory and Judaism). According to Weltsch, "the people can never be placed above humanity." This was one of the main differences between National Humanism and all other egoistic nationalisms. Indeed, "the love for mankind is the limit of the love for one's own nation." Weltsch meant that it is precisely this love for humanity that must take precedence and constitute the good limit, the necessary barrier to any nationalistic degeneration. He then concluded by arguing that this was "the moral task" lying within "the concept of national humanism."[4]
I would now like to offer only a couple of words on George L. Mosse, first because I have to recognize my debt to Mosse's work. In fact, I discovered this topic thanks to his papers, especially those devoted to the formation of a civic religion in relation to the rise of Zionism and the establishment of Israel in 1948. Second, since I will take a different route than Mosse, it is appropriate and useful to first explain what Mosse wrote about this subject. As I have already mentioned, I want to confine my talk to two questions: how did Mosse discover this rather particular, little-known notion of National Humanism? and what function did it play in his writings? Why did such a notion pique Mosse's interest?
While for the first question I currently have only speculations, for the second Mosse himself offered an explanation in the introduction to his book Masses and Man (1980), pictured below next to the photo of Robert Weltsch.
First, I should explain why I have included a picture of Robert Weltsch and what role he plays within my reconstruction. In 1977, George L. Mosse gave the Leo Baeck Memorial Lecture, entitled "The Jews and the German War Experience 1914-1918."[5] Mosse dedicated this lecture to Robert Weltsch, the cousin of Felix, and at the end of his talk he mentioned Weltsch himself, noting that the "mixture between German idealism and the Enlightenment also influenced Zionists like Robert Weltsch who wanted to give nationalism a human face."[6] As far as I know at the moment, this is the first occurrence of the issue within Mosse's writings. And it is no coincidence that Mosse referred to such a question in relation to Robert Weltsch. Indeed, I think it is likely that Mosse discovered the notion of National Humanism precisely thanks to his contacts with the Leo Baeck Institute in London and in particular with Robert Weltsch, who was the editor of the Leo Baeck Year Book at that time. Mosse and Weltsch knew each other and used to chat about matters relating to Jewish history during their meetings. Moreover, starting in 1965 on, Weltsch was actively working to recruit younger scholars for the journal. One of them was Mosse, as reflected in Weltsch's letter from 10 March 1965.[7] I must thank Professor David Sorkin for making me aware of the relationship between Mosse and Weltsch, as at first it was difficult for me to find the right track to follow.[8] Anyway, since this is research in progress, I trust I'll find more materials on their relationship in the future.
The other point I mentioned concerns George L. Mosse's reasons for being interested in the topic of National Humanism. Why did such a notion pique his interest? Mosse offers a very impressive explanation in the introduction of his book Masses and Man, shown above. Here Mosse noted the example of nationalism that Zionist leaders like Martin Buber and Robert Weltsch supported. It was a kind of nationalism, he wrote, that "supported human dignity instead of a blind submission to the collectivity." Even if such an ideal did not prevail, according to Mosse that "does not make it any less relevant."[9] Indeed, he added, "as nationalism refuses to go away, as every minority continues to search for its national identity, the task of giving nationalism a human face becomes all the more pressing."[10] In my opinion, perhaps the most interesting aspect that such a statement raises concerns these five words: "nationalism refuses to go away." This seems relevant especially if we consider when it was written, namely in 1980, a period in which scholarship began to look at the nation as "a transitory stage on the way to a larger cosmopolitan unit called world society."[11] In the same period, only to give an example, the German-Jewish philosopher Jacob Taubes (1923-1987) wrote that Marx and Engels' prophecy of the end of the nation-state was being realized — even if a century late.[12] If we only think of what is happening in Ukraine today, we can understand how real Mosse's concerns at the time were, despite being, in a certain way, against the spirit of his times.
Mosse's use of National Humanism is quite militant, as he urges giving a human face to nationalism in order to prevent history from repeating itself (he clearly referred to the totalitarian degeneration of National Socialism). My approach to this topic is probably more analytical and philological since I am interested in reconstructing the origin of this notion. If Mosse's proximity to German Jewish émigré intellectuals at the Leo Baeck Institute might have led him to rediscover this topic, in order to understand the origins of National Humanism, I instead argue that we should focus on the Habsburg imperial legacy in the new Czechoslovak Republic. Indeed, I presume that the multiethnic context of the Habsburg Empire contributed to the formulation of alternative theories of Zionism which refused the overlap between territory, belonging, and citizenship. Zionist intellectuals like Brod, Weltsch, and Kohn continued to develop such theories after the First War World. In fact, the notion of National Humanism undermines the strict classical opposition between empire and nation-state, proving that memories of empire helped these Jewish intellectuals shape their nationalism in an alternative way. For these reasons, we should take into consideration the new political context of the Czechoslovak Republic. For example, it is crucial to analyze what role president Tomáš Masaryk (1850-1937) played, and what his relationships with Jewish communities and Zionist groups were.
Starting from this perspective, the main questions in my research are the following:
What were the reasons that led these Jewish thinkers to join Zionism? and what did Zionism mean for them?
What influence did the previous multi-ethnic framework of the Habsburg Empire have in the creation of such a notion? and
How did these Jewish intellectuals attempt to adapt the previous model of imperial citizenship to reshape their belonging and their nationality in the age of nation-state building?
As for the meaning of Zionism for these Jewish thinkers, I would like to quote a statement by Max Brod which was published in the Zionist newspaper Selbstwehr in 1918. Brod argued that Zionism was for him "the intensification and activation of the Jewish national attribute of a universal sense of humanity, and thereby an essential hope of the idea of peace." And he continued by writing that "in Zionism, the mission of Jewish people is to create a community that is national without falling into the antisocial, imperialist, murderous abuses of that degenerate sentiment called 'nationalism' today."[13] It is interesting to note that Brod's explanation on the meaning of Zionism does not differ so much from the concept of National Humanism described by Weltsch and Kohn in the early 1930s.
To understand the legacy of the Habsburg Empire according to this Zionist intellectual group, it is useful to discuss the writings of Hans Kohn. In his diaries during the First War World, he sketched a sort of dream about the Habsburg Empire.[14] He wrote, "in my dreams I imagine the shape of the future as follows: Austria annexes the territory of Poland, Lithuania and Volhynia…and Rumania." This vast new empire "would be transformed federatively into an intra-Austrian complex of Hungarians, Czechs, Polish, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Romanians, and South Slavs." And in this Greater Austria, Jews "like all national minorities, would have their own national assemblies with certain communal and educational autonomy."[15]
Several years later, in the midst of World War II, Kohn returned to that dream in a more disillusioned but no less relevant way. He wrote, Austria "was a bridge, on which Germany and smaller peoples of Central Europe could meet, where all the civilizations of Europe could mingle for mutual stimulation. The multinational Reich of the Habsburgs had appeared to many as an anachronism. It was that, but it was also a promise for the future."[16] He further added that "[i]n her best moments, Old Austria had shown in a very imperfect form, as an embryonic promise," that is for him, the possibility of "a federation of equal peoples, not in submission and uniformity, but in freedom and tolerance, … without brutality or domination, without any exclusiveness or exclusivism."[17] He concluded by stating that "Austria's fate, her end became symbolic of Europe's destiny." Finally, Kohn pointed out that in the interwar period the only exception to the general trend within the ex-territories of the Habsburg Empire was presented by the Czechoslovak Republic.[18]
I thus will move now to the conclusion. This relationship between Zionist groups and the new Czechoslovak Republic is quite well-known. We have several publications from that period which attest to such a connection, perhaps the most important of which is the volume Masaryk und das Judentum, which was published in German in 1931 and translated ten years later into English as Thomas Masaryk and the Jews.[19] This publication contained contributions by Felix Weltsch, Max Brod, and Hugo Bergman (1883-1975), but also by Friedrich Thieberger (1888-1958), a member of the Bar Kochba Association, and Oskar Donath (1882-1940), a proponent of coexistence for Czechs, Germans, and Jews in the Czech lands. I would like to end my talk with the following quote taken from Felix Weltsch's article, focusing on Masaryk and Zionism. In this piece, Weltsch wondered what the ethical, nationalistic, and political "Masaryk" phenomenon meant to the Zionist movement — and he gave quite a meaningful answer for our topic. Indeed, according to Weltsch, there was an inner connection between Masaryk's idea of the nation and that of Zionism. "The nation is to Masaryk, in the worlds of Herder, only the organ of humanity," wrote Weltsch. "The nation is only a means to an end — humanity. But it is the means."[20] These words fit exactly with what Weltsch wrote only two years later in explaining what Nationalhumanismus was.
To sum up, my current impression is that National Humanism involved an attempt to reshape both Jewishness and Zionism after World War I in order to look for new meanings of belonging for the Jewish people in secular time, and especially to find a valid accommodation between nationhood and diaspora. In this sense, the search for an inclusive idea of nation not only fits into the historical trend of nationalizing empires, but also belongs to the longer process of Jewish emancipation. National Humanism could therefore represent one of the multiple secular forms of being Jews in the modern world, or to say it with Yosef Yerushalmi's (1932-2009) words, one of the "interim Jewish hopes for the times before the end of Time."[21]
[1] Scott Spector, "'Any reality, however small.' Prague Zionism between the Nations," in Kafka, Zionism and Beyond, ed. Mark H. Gelber (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2004), 7-22, 16.
[2] George L. Mosse, "Can Nationalism be Saved?," in Israel Studies 2, no. 1 (1997): 156-173, 171.
[3] Mosse, "Can Nationalism be Saved?," 159.
[4] Felix Weltsch, "Thesen von Nationalhumanismus," in Rassentheorie und Judentum (Vienna: R. Löwit Verlag, 1936), 80.
[5] George L. Mosse, The Jews and the German War Experience 1914-1918 (New York: Leo Baeck Institute, 1977).
[6] Mosse, The Jews and the German War Experience, 25.
[7] Robert Weltsch to George L. Mosse, dated 10 March 1965, in the Leo Baeck Institute (London, England), 1960-1996, Box: 43, Folder: 47. George L. Mosse Collection, AR 25137, Leo Baeck Institute. See also: Christhard Hoffmann, "An International Forum for German-Jewish Studies: The Year Book of the Leo Baeck Institute," in Preserving the Legacy of German Jewry: A History of the Leo Baeck Institute 1955-2005, ed. Christhard Hoffmann (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005), 299.
[8] I would also like to thank John Tortorice who confirmed that Mosse was fascinated by Weltsch and this generation of founding scholars.
[9] George L. Mosse, Masses and Man: Nationalist and Fascist Perceptions of Reality (Wayne State University Press, 1980), 17.
[10] Mosse, Masses and Man, 18.
[11] Aleida Assman, "Re-imagining the Nation: Memory, Identity and the Emotions" in European Review 29, no. 1 (2020): 3–17, 3-4, "Tabooing and abandoning the concept of the nation by the left may even have contributed to empowering the right, which has in the meantime answered the trend towards pluralization with polarization."
[12] Jacob Taubes – Carl Schmitt, Briefwechsel mit Materialien, Herbert Kopp-Oberstebrink, Thorsten Palzhoff, Martin Treml (eds.) (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2011).
[13] Max Brod, "Der Zionismus," in Selbstwehr 12, no. 34, 13 September 1918: 3.
[14] See: Kohn's war diary, Hans Kohn Collection, AR259, box 23, folder 1, Archives of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York.
[15] See Adi Gordon, "The Enduring Promise of Multinationalism: Hans Kohn's Habsburg Legacies," in the Botstiber Institute for Austrian-American Studies, 3 August 2021.
[16] Hans Kohn, "The Legacy of the Habsburgs," in Not by Arms Alone: Essays on Our Time. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1941: 56.
[17] Kohn, "The Legacy of the Habsburgs," 57.
[18] Hans Kohn, "Czech Democracy," in Not by Arms Alone, 66.
[19] See Masaryk und das Judentum, ed. Ernst Rychnovsky (Prague: Marsverlagsgesellschaft, 1931). The English translation is Thomas G. Masaryk and the Jews: A Collection of Essays, ed. Ernst Rychnovsky, trans. Benjamin R. Epstein (New York: B. Pollak, 1941).
[20] Felix Weltsch, Masaryk and Zionism, 105.
[21] Yosef H. Yerushalmi, "Toward a History of Jewish Hope," in The Faith of Fallen Jews, eds. David N. Myers and Alexander Kaye (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2014): 299-317, 310.
Stefania Ragaù earned her PhD in contemporary history at the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa with a work on the flowering of the Jewish utopian novels in relation to the emergence of Zionism. In her challenging studies on Jewish utopias, she deals with the secularization of Jewish thought between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, analyzing the influence of a modern messianism through which Jewish nationalism configured itself as a secular religion. These projects led Ragaù to Mosse's works. She is currently developing her studies along two further lines of research, which is related to the encounter between the European philosophy of history and Jewish thought: one line is the Jewish utopian imagination beyond Zionism, while the other is the historical reconstruction of Nationalhumanismus, a concept which seems to have been created by Max Brod and Felix Weltsch in the so-called "enger Prager Kreis." Finally, she has recently published her first monograph, Sognando Sion (Dreaming of Zion), on the Jewish utopian novels before Theodor Herzl's Altneuland (1902).
Posted in George L. Mosse, Mosse Fellows, Mosse Program
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Q: adding multiple levels of user access im trying to add multiple levels of users in my application and this is the idea i could come up with :
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base

 before_filter :setup , :authorize
protect_from_forgery

 def setup
 @minimum_permission = "admin"
end

def authorize
  perm = { admin: 3 , moderator: 2 ,  reader: 1 }
  perm.default = 0
  if    User.find_by_id(session[:user_id])
        unless perm[session[:user_permission].to_s.to_sym] >= perm[@minimum_permission.to_sym]
            redirect_to global_login_url, notice: "you need to have "+@minimum_permission+" privileges to access this page"
        end
  else
        redirect_to global_login_url, notice: "Please log in"
  end
end
end

and in my view ill do something like :
class FieldsController < ApplicationController
skip_before_filter :authorize
# GET /fields
# GET /fields.json
def index
@minimum_permission = "moderator"
authorize
  @fields = Field.all
  respond_to do |format|
    format.html # index.html.erb
    format.json { render json: @fields }
  end
  end
....
end

and this is my sessions controller:
 class SessionsController < ApplicationController
 skip_before_filter :authorize
  def new
  end

 def create

user = User.find_by_cpf_no(params[:cpf_no])
if user and user.authenticate(params[:password])
  session[:user_id] = user.id
  session[:user_permission] = user.permission
  session[:user_name] = user.name
  redirect_to fields_url, alert: "successfully logged in"
else
  redirect_to fields_path, alert: "Invalid user/password combination"
end
 end

 def destroy
session[:user_id] = nil
session[:user_permission] = nil
session[:user_name] = nil
redirect_to root_path, notice: "Logged out"
 end
end

this works fine for a person who is logged in! but when i try to visit the index without already being logged in, i get this error:
"Render and/or redirect were called multiple times in this action. Please note that you may only call render OR redirect, and at most once per action. Also note that neither redirect nor render terminate execution of the action, so if you want to exit an action after redirecting, you need to do something like "redirect_to(...) and return"."
how can i fix this? and also is there any better way of handling multiple levels of users?
thank you

A: There's great libraries out there which should do what you need pretty much out of the box. Have a look at cancan e.g.. In cancan's wiki you can find an entry on role based authorization as well.

A: So somewhere you have a before filter or other redirect sending you round in circles. The log should have given you atleast one of the lines that tried to redirect. I'd start by checking that global_login_url (not path?) is skipping all filters and that it the func exits after rendering and doesn't hit another on further down.

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text:
It's a new season, for Curt Onalfo and the Los Angeles Galaxy – What will happen is anyone's guess
CARSON, California – February 22, 2014: The LA Galaxy defeated LA Galaxy II USL PRO side 3-0 during a friendly match at StubHub Center stadium. Photo by Michael Janosz.
SANTA MONICA — MLS is back and this Saturday at 1:00 PT former Galaxy player and new head coach Curt Onalfo will lead a rather fresh faced LA Galaxy as they face off against FC Dallas at the Stubhub Center.
While fans and players alike have been anxiously awaiting this season opening home game, the question as to whether or not the LA Galaxy can with without Bruce Arena still lingers. With a new coach, a handful of new coaching staff members, and the departure of star players like Robbie Keane, Steven Gerrard and Mike Magee, the LA Galaxy will be starting the year with many unknown and unproven players.
Aside from the holes these players left, both Robbie Rogers and Gyasi Zardes are out on injuries. With so many new players, the lack of a strong midfielder, the next Galaxy stars are still unknown. Romain Alessandrini who signed as a Designated Player, and Portuguese midfielder Joao Pedro are the new players to watch. But Galaxy fans have seen Designated Players come and go. Alessandrini and Pedro will have to prove their loyalty to the team and adjust to play at the Galaxy.
With 10 years of professional experience in France, midfielder Romain Alessandrini can hopefully take the hole Steven Gerrard left upon his departure and should bring some maturity to the rather young LA Galaxy team. He will work with both Jermaine Jones' who was signed over from Colorado and João Pedro in the midfield.
João Pedro, part of the many new young faces the LA Galaxy will have this year, is just getting to the ripest part of his career at the age of 23. Despite his age, Pedro has 12 years of experience playing in Portugal and is expected to be an immediate help to the midfield.
With all these new faces, only time will tell if these new players can leave their egos behind and come together as a cohesive team.
Photos courtesy of ISI.
Previous: Lynn Williams scores the only goal as the USWNT defeat Germany in their first match of the SheBelieves tournament
Next: Long road ahead for the Galaxy as they lose their opener to FC Dallas, 1 – 2

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Maryland COVID-19 hospitalizations drop below 100 for first time
Health, Sci-Tech
ANNAPOLIS, MD—Governor Larry Hogan on Friday announced that COVID-19 hospitalizations in Maryland have dropped below 100 for the first time, and are at their lowest recorded level of the pandemic. Overall, the state is reporting 97 COVID-19 hospitalizations—including an ICU census of 31.
To date, Maryland has reported 6,882,339 vaccinations, and 74.8% of adults have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.
"As we enter the holiday weekend, all of our health metrics are at or near record lows, and we are approaching 75% of adults vaccinated," said Governor Hogan. "There are still two days left to get vaccinated to be eligible for our $2 million VaxCash Promotion—including the $400,000 grand prize drawing on July 4th."
Maryland has fully vaccinated 56.1% of its population, which ranks sixth in the nation, according to the CDC.
The statewide case rate is 1.00 per 100K, and overall, 13 of the state's jurisdictions are reporting case rates in the green zone. The 7-day positivity rate is 0.57%, and the daily positivity rate is 0.56%. Official data by jurisdiction is available at https://coronavirus.maryland.gov.
Photo by Pixabay from Pexels
2019-nCoVCoronavirusCOVID-19GovernmentLarry HoganMaryland Department of HealthPandemicVaccinesVaxCash
Baltimore County Public Schools drops masking requirement in schools, offices
Code Orange Air Quality Alert issued for Tuesday


Days Hotel Riga VEF? is a Wyndham Hotels Group property located in the outskirts of Riga's city center, in the vicinity of the VEF basketball stadium and within a 10-minute drive of Old Riga. The convenient location of the Hotel will allow you to get to the busy centre of the city in no time, enjoy cultural attractions, and, after a long day, enjoy the wide range of relaxation offers at the Hotel.
Days Hotel Riga VEF has six floors with 135 well-furnished guest rooms featuring a cosy interior and everything necessary to feel comfortable while working or having a rest. The floors of the hotel are in various colours, and the guests are welcome to choose their favourite one ? yellow, green, purple, red, or blue. The Hotel is suitable for people with special needs and offers also anti-allergic rooms. In the hotel it is allowed to stay with pets by prior arrangement.
The restaurant Sunny, designed in light and joyful colours, is located on the ground floor of the hotel. The restaurant's modern interior and bright accents create a pleasant and sunny atmosphere for you to enjoy your breakfast, lunch or dinner. The glass wall, which allows our customers to enjoy the view of constantly bustling Br?v?bas Street all year long, creates a special atmosphere in the restaurant. The restaurant offers daily breakfast: buffet service and à la carte. On business days from 12:00 to 16:00 customers are welcome to have a business lunch.
The exterior is a striking contemporary sixties-style purpose-built building.


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Morrissey, Blondie, Bauhaus to Headline First Cruel World Festival
Devo, Violent Femmes, Echo and the Bunnymen also set for new wave/post-punk blowout
By Jon Blistein
Jon Blistein
Gorillaz Keep Up the Pace With New Song 'Silent Running'
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Morrissey, Blondie, Bauhaus, and others will headline Cruel World, a new goth, post-punk, and new wave festival in L.A. from Goldenvoice. Shutterstock; Adela Loconte/Shutterstock; MediaPunch/Shutterstock
Morrissey, Bauhaus, Blondie, and Devo will headline a new one-day festival, Cruel World, set to take place May 2nd at the Grounds at Dignity Health Sports Park in Los Angeles.
The lineup boasts an array of luminaries from the worlds of new wave, goth, and post-punk, including Echo and the Bunnymen, Psychedelic Furs, Violent Femmes, English Beat, the Church, Public Image Ltd., Gary Numan, Berlin, Marc Almond, She Wants Revenge, and Cold Cave. A complete lineup is available on the Cruel World website.
Cruel World Festival 🖤 May 2 in Los Angeles Presale 2/13 at 12pm PT Sign up now at cruelworldfest.com ⚡Payment plan available starting at $19.99 down
A post shared by Cruel Word Festival (@cruelworldfest) on Feb 11, 2020 at 12:00pm PST
Tickets for Cruel World will go on sale this Friday, February 14th, at noon PST. A presale will start February 13th at noon PST, and fans can register for a presale code via the festival's website.
Cruel World is the latest offering from festival giant Goldenvoice, which is also behind Coachella, Stagecoach, and Hangout, among others.
For Bauhaus, Cruel World marks the latest addition to their reunion-tour itinerary. Last year, the goth-rock legends played their first shows together in 13 years, and they've since announced a string of festival dates and headlining gigs around the world, including three U.S. shows: New York on June 26th, Dallas on July 23rd, and Chicago on July 25th.
Morrissey, meanwhile, just announced his new album, I am Not a Dog on a Chain, out March 20th, and so far Cruel World is his only U.S. live date scheduled for this year.
Bauhaus,
Blondie,
direct,
Goldenvoice,


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Lock Down Your Servers and Network: BlackFog's Data Exfiltration Protection Mitigates Threats Across Endpoints
By: Christine Preusler Posted: February 2, 2021
TL; DR: BlackFog, founded in 2015, is on a mission to prevent outbound data loss via real-time behavioral analysis and data exfiltration technology. The company serves as a virtual CISO for individuals, businesses, and managed service providers, helping lock down server networks and strengthen regulatory compliance. By monitoring for and preventing unauthorized data collection, BlackFog protects users from increasingly sophisticated phishing and ransomware attacks.
For decades, security companies have relied on a castle-and-moat technique to fortify network walls, protecting the data inside from potential invaders. But considering the modern threat landscape, these methods are decidedly medieval.
"Bad guys will always find a way to get in," said Darren Williams, Founder and CEO at BlackFog. "And they probably won't approach the front entrance — they may drop in from a parachute, come in through an underground tunnel, or enter through a back door. "
The key to mitigating today's sophisticated threats, according to Darren, is to assume hackers will find a way in — and ensure you have a plan in place to stop them from escaping with your data.
BlackFog is an on-device data privacy solution.
"People seem to forget they're fighting a war in which conventional weapons no longer work," he said. "Yes, you want to use firewalls and other methods to lock the door and secure your windows, but you also need a plan in case the attacker gets in and is walking out with your jewels — your data. What we do through data exfiltration protection is stop him from getting away and extracting that information."
BlackFog's outbound data-loss protection shields users against data collection and identity profiling, ensuring in real time that private information stays that way.
The solution is available for personal use, empowering individuals and families to confidently work and shop on mobile and desktop devices. The company also offers products tailored to the needs of businesses and managed service providers, which essentially serve as virtual chief information security officers (CISO).
Delivering Behavioral Analysis and Data Exfiltration for 15+ Years
BlackFog was founded in 2015, the same year that European institutions agreed on data privacy reform via the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force on May 25, 2018. Darren, a serial entrepreneur, had recently sold his company LiveTime Software Inc. and was looking for a new opportunity in cybersecurity.
"The GDPR, and data privacy in general, was big in Europe at the time," Darren said. "People were facing a growing number of online threats in addition to a loss of privacy across the internet. We thought, 'Everyone's looking at this whole cybersecurity problem the wrong way — they're not watching what's leaving; only what's coming in.'"
He built BlackFog's behavioral analysis and data exfiltration technology to combat that problem, concurrently designing the products to be GDPR-compliant and limit the collection of personally identifiable information.
The company's data exfiltration prevention works as a CISO in a box.
"What we do is prevent data loss using behavioral analytics at the endpoint — because that's where the action is," Darren said. "And as data moves off the network, we use analysis and AI to see what is going on and whether it should be stopped. So we're more preventative technology in that sense. Unlike antivirus technology, we don't wait for you to be infected and then offer a solution."
Today, BlackFog mitigates more than 24 million threats across mobile and desktop endpoints using multiple defenses against ransomware, spyware, malware, phishing, unauthorized data collection, and profiling.
"When companies download our software, they're often surprised to see hundreds of requests for data profiling coming from news sites," Darren said. "Typically, the content is injected with all of these little agents that are collecting data. BlackFog stops them in their tracks so there is no unauthorized removal of information from the device. It's like a reverse firewall."
Tools to Protect Against Increasingly Sophisticated Attacks
Darren told us that BlackFog has been spreading the word about the dangers of data exfiltration for years. But it wasn't until January 2021, when reports on the SolarWinds Orion security breach surfaced, that people began to open their eyes.
The Russia-linked intelligence-gathering attack, known as SUNBURST, impacted several U.S. government agencies and businesses. According to SolarWinds, cyberattackers inserted a vulnerability within specific Orion Platform software versions that allowed them to establish a low-profile presence, eventually compromising the servers on which Orion products ran.
Exfiltration, or unauthorized data transfers, are a serious threat to the modern server network.
"The Orion attack is a classic example of how hard it can be to detect ransomware and why no one picked up on it as it sat inactivated," Darren said. "When it is activated, it attaches itself to a legitimate process, undoes itself, and dwells again. No one notices because it's only memory. If the U.S. government couldn't detect it, what do you think the chances are, without any resources, that your systems are going to protect you?"
That's where data exfiltration comes in, picks up on all data leaving server networks and putting a stop to malicious activity.
"It's crazy because we've been talking about data exfiltration at BlackFog until we're blue in the face for years," Darren said. "All of the sudden, people realize that this is real — attackers can get in your systems through lots of different techniques. They just sit there until they pounce like a cat, and then they're extracting data and sending it to Russia."
A Virtual CISO Serving Individuals, Enterprises, and MSPs
BlackFog puts data exfiltration prevention within reach for everyone from families to small businesses and MSPs.
For individuals and families, the affordable product offers peace of mind that no one — malicious actors or otherwise — can collect and sell your information without permission.
"I had my Mum and Dad in mind when we designed it initially," Darren said. "No one should be preyed upon. You should be able to have a pleasant experience shopping online without getting bombarded with data collection or phishing attacks."
BlackFog's technology serves as an extension of existing IT teams for small and medium-sized businesses and enterprises. The point-and-click solution is customizable but also works out of the box to protect data.
"No SME is going to have a $250,000 CISO and a team of IT people sitting at their disposal," Darren said. "You install it on the endpoints, we give you access to the enterprise management console, and there is no configuration necessary. Customers can't believe how touchless the system is."
BlackFog also helps MSPs add value to their offerings. A consolidated dashboard allows providers to manage their entire customer base as a group while individual customers manage their own user accounts.
"MSPs love it because it's a multitenant solution — they can run thousands of customers off one portal, but at the same time view every single one and generate monthly reports."
A Redesigned Mac Product for the Apple M1 Chip
As for what's on the horizon, BlackFog plans to release a redesigned Mac product this year. The release will coincide with Apple's latest Macs, which feature Apple Silicon chips, rather than Intel chips.
"Apple has released these great new M1 processors, which gives us a lot more capabilities on the Apple platform," Darren said.
BlackFog's previous Mac solutions were not as robust as the Windows and Android editions due to Apple-imposed restrictions involving kernel drivers.
"Fortunately, they have luckily allowed us to do some interesting things now that will take advantage of some of their new chips," he said. "We've got lots of other plans for the future as well — hopefully, 2021 is the year people will start understanding the concept of data exfiltration."
Questions or Comments? Ask Christine!
Ask a question and Christine will respond to you. We strive to provide the best advice on the net and we are here to help you in any way we can.
Christine Preusler
Christine Preusler covers the hosting and technology space through in-depth feature articles and interviews with the biggest names in the industry. With more than a decade of experience managing and publishing print and digital publications, Christine leverages her communications skills to keep readers up to date on the latest web hosting services and innovations. Her goal is simple — to distill complex hosting concepts into clear yet thought-provoking narratives suitable for developers and tech newbies alike.


text:
Closing costs can bust a homebuyer's budget
Jul.July 27, 2018 08:45 AM
By Kenneth R. Harney
In the emotional rush that precedes buying a home — negotiating contract details and price, beating away rival bidders, searching for the best mortgage deal — closing costs often aren't a pressing concern. Yet what you pay at settlement can be surprisingly expensive, even a budget buster.
Would you believe that the average buyer of a single-family home in Kings County, New York — better known as Brooklyn — got hit with $57,333 in total closing costs at settlement during the past year? Or that the average buyer of a home in the District of Columbia shelled out more than $20,000?
Ouch! Granted, the average cost of the houses was between $900,000 and $1 million in Brooklyn and close to $800,000 in D.C. In both cases, the single largest component of the closing bill was local government-imposed transfer taxes — a stunning $50,189 in Brooklyn, $14,022 in D.C.
Then there's Montgomery County, Maryland, where the average buyer paid $22,181 in total settlement fees, Philadelphia ($16,463), Los Angeles ($10,991), Miami ($9,364) and Cook County, Illinois (Chicago area, $7,085).
All these figures come from a comprehensive new compilation of what buyers pay for closing services and taxes in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, plus hundreds of counties and "core" metropolitan statistical areas. The study was conducted by ClosingCorp, a data and technology company for the real estate industry. It covered more than 900,000 home-purchase transactions that went to settlement nationwide between October 2017 and March of this year.
The study's primary focus: measuring the fees charged for the services typically involved in closings — title insurance (lenders' and owners' coverage), appraisals, recordation, land surveys, settlement charges — plus transfer taxes. The variations buyers can encounter are eye opening.
On a national basis, the average-priced single-family home purchased during the study period cost $318,362. The average appraisal charge was $526; lender's title insurance policy, $1,282; owner's title insurance, $517; and recording fee, $197. The settlement fee charged by the agent or attorney administering the closing came to $916. Real estate transfer taxes added $3,438, and the total for all services plus taxes came to $5,651.
Depending upon where you live, $5,651 in closing fees might strike you as low, reasonable or ridiculously high. For example, if you lived in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, where home prices average a little more than $149,000, you'd have paid just $1,821 when you closed on your house. That included all the regular services — from title to appraisal to surveys — plus $117 in taxes. Pretty cheap. You'd also probably feel you're getting a good deal in Tippecanoe, Indiana, where the closing charges on your $133,000 home came to $2,029, with zero transfer taxes.
But real estate is all about location, and when the location is in or close to a big city or along the east or west coasts, you tend to have to pay a lot more — for the house, for settlement fees and taxes. So it's not surprising that the highest average total closing fees, including taxes, are in Washington D.C. ($20,228), New York ($15,254), Maryland ($13,358), Delaware ($13,293) and Pennsylvania ($10,206). Removing taxes from the equation, D.C. is still the highest-cost "state" in the country with average closing-service fees of $6,206. Excluding taxes, Hawaii is second most expensive, California is next at $5,276, and they are followed by New York ($4,915) and Washington state ($4,860).
But focusing on dollar amounts paid at settlement is not the only useful way to look at closing costs. High-price housing markets will almost always be expensive at closing. But here's an alternative way to look at it: Putting aside local tax levies, what portion of a home-sale price is paid for the actual services rendered — from title insurance to surveys, appraisals, and the money paid to the attorneys or agents who conduct the closing? Analyzing it this way allows you to gauge the costs of the services themselves relative to the price of the house.
By this measure, Pennsylvania turns out to have the highest closing charges — 1.91 percent of average home price. Illinois is second most expensive at 1.85 percent, Michigan comes in at 1.69 percent, Oklahoma at 1.62 percent, and Ohio at 1.5 percent. Also using this measure, some of the highest housing price areas look like bargains: D.C. closing fees represent just 0.81 percent of the average home sale price; California, 0.80 percent; and Massachusetts, 0.83 percent.
Bottom line: Check out local closing-cost variations before you purchase. Thousands of your dollars are at stake.
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Miami-based title startup Expetitle completes seed fundraising
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Billionaire TV family sells Miramar property to Florida Crystals


text:
Louise Knak Lyksborg (* 17. Januar 1988 in Hillerød, Dänemark) ist eine ehemalige dänische Handballspielerin.

Karriere
Lyksborg spielte anfangs bei Hillerød HK, GOG und Lyngby HK. Im Jahr 2007 unterschrieb die auf Rechtsaußen spielende Dänin einen Vertrag beim Erstligisten FCK Håndbold. Mit dem FCK gewann die Linkshänderin 2009 den  Europapokal der Pokalsieger. Im Sommer 2010 wechselte Lyksborg zum deutschen Bundesligisten HC Leipzig. Ab dem Sommer 2012 lief sie für den dänischen Verein Viborg HK auf. Mit Viborg gewann sie 2014 den Europapokal der Pokalsieger sowie die dänische Meisterschaft. Ab dem Sommer 2016 stand sie beim dänischen Erstligisten Silkeborg-Voel KFUM unter Vertrag. Lyksborg beendete nach der Saison 2018/19 ihre Karriere.

Lyksborg absolvierte 39 Partien für die dänische Nationalmannschaft, in denen sie 51 Treffer erzielte. Lyksborg gehörte zuvor dem Kader der dänischen Jugendnationalmannschaft an, mit der sie die U17- und die U19-Europameisterschaft, sowie die U18-Weltmeisterschaft gewann.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Handballnationalspieler (Dänemark)
Handballspieler (FCK Håndbold)
Handballspieler (HC Leipzig)
Handballspieler (Viborg HK)
U17-Junioren-Europameister (Handball)
U18-Junioren-Weltmeister (Handball)
U19-Junioren-Europameister (Handball)
Dänischer Meister (Handball)
Handball-Außenspieler
Däne
Geboren 1988
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Being a landlord or property manager can often accompany legal problems. If you need help creating a lease or dealing with a problem tenant, contact our experienced Jersey City Landlord Tenant Lawyer Brian Freeman for a free consultation.
Disputes between landlords and tenants are common. One party often tries to take advantage of the other, thinking nothing can be done about it. However, an experienced lawyer can change that person's mind. Sometimes just a firmly worded letter from an experienced lawyer can make a huge difference.
In landlord / tenant disputes, Jersey City Landlord Tenant Lawyer Brian Freeman of the Freeman Law Center, LLC exclusively represent landlords, bringing more than 30 years of experience to each case. Contact us and we can meet with you in a free initial consultation.
Our Jersey City Landlord Tenant Lawyer will handle your case personally to get the best resolution possible. We always keep clients informed about their case, and always make sure our lawyers and highly skilled bilingual paralegals are available to answer all of your questions or concerns.
Making a living with rental properties is a very lucrative business. Flexible schedules, meeting new people, choosing the people you work with, having your mortgage paid off with rent… Sound familiar? However, because this is an enterprise that requires you to work with people, I am certain you are probably wary of being bogged down by a bad tenant. With a wide variety of unscrupulous characters out there who strive to take advantage of the law, and sue their landlords over the most unfair of issues, this eBook should help you learn how to protect yourself before any such mishaps take place.
Disputes between landlords and tenants are common. One party often tries to take advantage of the other, not realizing that there are laws in place to protect both landlords and tenants alike. As a landlord, you are well aware of the variety of problems that can crop up in your line of business. However, being aware of the law and having an experienced lawyer back you up can alleviate the nuisance that such tenants cause. In my experience, even a firmly worded letter from an Jersey City landlord tenant Lawyer can make a huge difference.
Most landlords perform checks on applicants before going ahead and presenting them with a lease. This is something that I encourage all landlords to do. Background checks and credit checks are vital to getting to know your tenant before you allow them to establish residence on your property. However, these screenings are not fool-proof, and you may still find yourself stuck with a tenant who seems like they just stepped of World's Worst Tenants.
The state of New Jersey recognizes three categories of tenants, including commercial tenants and two categories of residential tenants. New Jersey statute N.J.S.A 2A:18-53A generally addresses tenants who occupy owner-occupied premises that have no more than two rental units in addition to the one in which the owner resides. Those tenants have far fewer rights than the majority of tenants.
Tenants who fall under N.J.S.A 2A:18-61.1, which is called the Anti-Tenancy Eviction statute (and with good reason) are much better protected because the essential purpose of that statute is to protect tenants from unwarranted evictions.
In owner-occupied tenancies, the landlord can simply terminate a tenancy once the lease term has been completed. In the case of a month-to-month tenancy, for example, the landlord can serve the tenant a 30-day notice and terminate the tenancy.
Under the Anti-Tenancy Eviction statute, however, as long as the tenant pays rent in a timely manner and does not violate the other terms of the lease, they cannot be evicted. In other words, the mere fact that a landlord simply does not like the tenant and does not want to continue to be their landlord is not a sufficient reason to evict the tenant. The tenant can only be evicted for just cause – and that must be a clear violation of the lease or failure to pay rent.
If you do not know this already, a lease is typically a contract or an agreement by virtue of which one party (you, the landlord) conveys property to another (your tenant) for a specified time, in return for a periodic payment of rent. While it is possible to draw up your own lease, it is always wiser to have an Jersey City landlord tenant lawyer take a look at it before your tenant signs it.
Obviously, a verbal agreement is one which has not been reduced to writing and, except for cases regarding payment of rent which the landlord can generally substantiate by keeping written receipts showing the manner in which payment of rent is made, such leases are virtually unenforceable in a Landlord-Tenant Court.
If he has not insisted upon a written lease, a landlord's attempts to evict a tenant for other violations – meaning those which the landlord imposes as violations of the tenancy – will encounter serious challenges.
It is essential that a landlord draft his lease very carefully because the purpose of that lease is to provide clear protections for the landlord. Absent a lease, a tenant is not obligated to abide by any rules or regulations other than the timely payment of rent, so it is a big mistake for any landlord not to have a lease. Many landlords hold to the erroneous belief that a lease somehow helps the tenant; however, that is absolutely false.
As a landlord, it is important that you make sure your lease includes specific language that prevents such conduct as having pets, if that is a clause you require your tenants to fulfill. You may also prohibit other behaviors such as smoking or the playing of loud music at times that are after normal hours.
You can even set forth clear timetables to govern when the rent is to be collected. Also, if the rent is going to be late, the lease must clearly state when the late period begins. Late charges must be clearly stated in the lease – and they have to be deemed to be additional rent. An additional rent clause must be included in every lease because, without an additional rent clause, you cannot seek to recover those charges in Landlord-Tenant Court as part of the rent. It is very important to set forth your expectations of your tenants in unambiguous and specific language.
A landlord whose tenant breaks a lease may avail of several remedies. First, the landlord can file a Civil Action against the tenant in which he seeks payment of rent that would have been paid if the tenant had complied with the lease.
The landlord must, however, fulfill his obligation to mitigate the damages. For example, if a tenant breaks a lease with several months remaining in the stated lease term, the landlord cannot simply sue the tenant for the rent that he would have paid. The landlord must first make reasonable efforts to rent the premises, and he must be able to document those efforts.
Once the landlord makes and documents that effort – but his efforts prove unsuccessful – he can seek to have the tenant pay all the monies to which he would have been entitled under the lease, if the lease had not been broken.
If you would like to sign up for a free initial consultation, contact our Jersey City Landlord Tenant Lawyer today. We can schedule your free initial consultation during a weekday, evening or weekend. Freeman Law Center, LLC is fully staffed with bilingual paralegals that are ready to assist you through every step of your case.


Since Almute is all metal, it exhibits excellent durability, safety, and fire-resistance. Almute is an excellent option for sound control in facilities or installations where there is sustained noise.
Sound control in an installation typically involves insulation with thick or heavy materials, for example by iron plates or concrete. But results are often unsatisfactory due to reflected noise that ultimately escapes. Combining the sound absorption of Almute with insulation is often the most effective solution.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The long time behaviors of current autocorrelation functions are
important to understand the macroscopic properties of fluids
\cite{alder,ernst71,Pomeau,Dorfman}.
In is known that the existence of the long-time tail in the correlation
functions leads to the anomalous behaviors of the transport coefficients
\cite{Narayan,Murakami}.

In equilibrium systems, the existence of the long-time tail
$t^{-d/2}$ with the time $t$ and the spatial dimension $d$ is well recognized.
However, the long time behaviors
of the correlation functions under a steady shear have different
feature from those at equilibrium \cite{Kumaran, Otsuki07}.
In our previous paper, we find that the velocity autocorrelation
function $C(t)$ has the cross-over from $t^{-d/2}$ to $t^{-d}$ in sheared
elastic particles without thermostat, and
$C(t)$ obeys $t^{-(d+2)/2}$ after the known tail $t^{-d/2}$ in sheared
isothermal fluids \cite{Otsuki07}.
However, we did not discuss the other correlation functions
such as the correlation of the shear stress and the related transport
coefficients.

In this paper, thus,  we theoretically calculate
the correlation function of the shear stress.
Our theoretical method is based on the classical one developed by Ernst
\textit{et al}. \cite{ernst71,Hayakawa}.
In the next section, we will introduce the model we use.  In section 3, we will present the details of the analysis.
In section 4, we will discuss and conclude our results.

\section{Model}

We consider
a system consists of $N$ identical smooth and hard spherical particles with the mass
$m$ and
the diameter $\sigma$ in the volume $V$.
The position and the velocity of the $i$-th particle at time $t$
are $\bv{r}_i(t)$ and $\bv{v}_i(t)$, respectively.
The particles collide instantaneously
with the restitution constant $e$ which is equal to unity for elastic particles
or is less than unity for granular particles.
When the particle $i$ with the velocity $\bv{v}_i$ collides with the particle  $j$ with $\bv{v}_j$,
the post-collisional velocities $\bv{v}'_i$ and $\bv{v}'_j$ are respectively given by
$\bv{v}'_i  =  \bv{v}_i  - \frac{1}{2} (1+e) (\bv{\epsilon} \cdot
\bv{v}_{ij}) \bv{\epsilon} $ and
$\bv{v}'_j  =  \bv{v}_j  + \frac{1}{2} (1+e) (\bv{\epsilon} \cdot
\bv{v}_{ij})\bv{\epsilon} $,
where $\bv{\epsilon}$ is the unit vector parallel to the relative position of the
two colliding particles at contact, and $\bv{v}_{ij}=\bv{v}_{i}-\bv{v}_{j}$.

Let us assume that the uniform shear flow is stable and
its velocity profile is given by
$c_{\alpha}(\bv{r}) = \dot{\gamma} y \delta_{\alpha,x}$,
where the Greek suffix $\alpha$ denotes the Cartesian component.
In this paper, we discuss the following situations: (a) A sheared system
of elastic particles
without any thermostat, (b)  a sheared system of elastic particles with
the velocity rescaling thermostat, and (c)
a sheared granular system with the restitution constant $e<1$.
We abbreviate them to the sheared heating (SH),  the sheared thermostat (ST),
and the sheared granular (SG) systems for later discussion.

We are interested in the correlation function of the shear stress,
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) &=& \lim_{V\to\infty}\frac{1}{V}\langle J_{\eta}(0)
J_{\eta}(t) \rangle, \label{eq4}
\end{eqnarray}
where $J_\eta(t)$ is  the shear stress
at time $t$. Here,  $t=0$ is the time when we start the measurement.
In general,  the current $J_{\eta}(t)$ consist of the kinetic part and the potential part.
In this paper, we only consider the contribution from the kinetic part of the current. This treatment is correct
for dilute gases. For higher density cases, we need more sophisticated method to include the contribution from
the potential part, but the corrections only appear in the prefactor of coefficients at least for elastic gases in the equilibrium state
\cite{dorfman75,ernst76}.
Thus, the currents in Eq. (\ref{eq4}) is approximated
by the kinetic part $J_{\eta}^K(t)$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
J_{\eta}(t) & \simeq & J_{\eta}^K(t)\equiv \sum_i m v'_{ix}(t)v'_{iy}(t),
 \label{eq7}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\bv{v}'_i(t)$ is the peculiar velocity defined as
 $\bv{v}'_i(t)= \bv{v}_i(t) - \bv{c}(\bv{r}_i(t))$.

\section{Theoretical analysis}

\subsection{Hydrodynamic equations}

Following Ernst {\it et al.} \cite{ernst71},
we approximate the correlation function  (\ref{eq4}) by
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) &\simeq&  m^2 n_H \int d\bv{v}'_0
  v'_{0x}v'_{0y}
 f_0(v'_0) \int d \bv{r}   u_x(\bv{r},t)  (u_y(\bv{r},t)-\dot{\gamma} y) ,
 \label{C2:eq}
\end{eqnarray}
where $f_0(v'_0)$ and $\bv{u}(\bv{r},t)$ are the distribution function
of the peculiar velocity at the initial time $t=0$,
the velocity field at the position
$\bv{r}$ and the time $t$, respectively.

The velocity field $\bv{u}(\bv{r},t)$ obeys the hydrodynamic equations as \cite{Brey}
\begin{eqnarray}
\partial_t n + \bv{\nabla} \cdot (n\bv{u}) & = & 0, \nonumber \\
\partial_t \bv{u} + \bv{u} \cdot \bv{\nabla} \bv{u}
+ (nm)^{-1} \bv{\nabla} \cdot \bv{\Pi}& = & 0,  \nonumber \\
\partial_t T + \bv{u} \cdot \bv{\nabla} T
+ 2 (dn)^{-1} (\bv{\Pi}:\bv{\nabla}\bv{u}
  -\kappa \nabla^2  T - \mu \nabla^2 n)
+T \zeta & = & 0, \label{Heq}
\end{eqnarray}
where $n(\bv{r},t)$ and $T(\bv{r},t)$ are the density and the temperature
field, respectively.
The pressure tensor $\bv{\Pi}$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\Pi_{ij} & = & nT \delta_{ij} - \eta \left (\nabla_i u_j + \nabla_j u_i -
\frac{2}{d} \delta_{ij} \nabla_k u_k \right ). \label{Pi}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the bulk viscosity is zero for fluids of dilute hard
spheres.
$\zeta$, $\lambda$, $\mu$, and $\eta$
are the cooling rate,
the heat conductivity, and the transport coefficient associated with the
density gradient, and the viscosity, respectively.
Here, $\mu$ has a finite value when $e$ is less than unity
but becomes zero in the elastic case.

Here, the viscosity $\eta$, the heat conductivity $\lambda$, and the transport coefficient associated with the density gradient $\mu$
can be non-dimensionalized as
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta  =  \eta_0 \eta^*, \qquad
\kappa  =  \kappa_0 \kappa^*, \qquad
\mu  =  \frac{T\kappa_0}{n} \mu^*,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta_0  =  a \sqrt{T},  \qquad
\kappa_0  =  \frac{d(d+2)}{2m(d-1)} a \sqrt{T}
\end{eqnarray}
are the viscosity and the heat conductivity in the dilute gas \cite{Brey}.
Here, $\eta^*$, $\kappa^*$, and $\mu^*$ are the constants
depend only on $e$ in dilute cases.
Here, the explicit form of $a$ is given by
$a = \frac{2+d}{8} \Gamma(d/2) \pi ^{-\frac{d-1}{2}} \sqrt{m}
\sigma^{-(d-1)}$ with the gamma function $\Gamma(x)$.

It is obvious that there is the relation
$\zeta  =  0$ for SH.
The cooling rate $\zeta$ becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
\zeta & = & \frac{2 \eta(T) \dot{\gamma}^2}{d n_H T},
\label{zeta:thermo}
\end{eqnarray}
for ST.
On the other hand, the cooling rate is represented by
\begin{eqnarray}
\zeta & = & \frac{nT}{\eta_0} \zeta^*
\end{eqnarray}
for SG,
where $\zeta^*$ is the constants
proportional to $1-e^2$.

\subsection{fluctuation of the hydrodynamic fields}

The hydrodynamic equations (\ref{Heq}) have the set of homogeneous solutions as
\begin{eqnarray}
n(\bv{r}, t)  =  n_H, \qquad
u_{\alpha}(\bv{r}, t)  =  \dot\gamma y\delta_{\alpha,x}, \qquad
T(\bv{r}, t)  =  T_{H}(t), \label{Tdev}
\end{eqnarray}
where $n_H =N/V$ is the homogeneous density. The homogeneous
temperature $T_H(t)$ is
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{H}(t) =  T_0
\left(
1 + b  t
\right )^2,
\label{THh}
\end{eqnarray}
where we introduce the initial temperature $T_0$,
the characteristic frequency $\nu_{H} = n_H T_H/\eta_0(T_H)$,
$\nu_{H0} = \nu_H(T_0)$ and $b = \eta^* \dot{\gamma}^2 / (3\nu_{H0})$
for SH. On the other hand, $T_H$ keeps a constant as
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{H}(t) =  T_0, \label{THt}
\end{eqnarray}
for ST and SG.
We can take any value as $T_0$ for ST, although
$T_0$ depends on $\dot{\gamma}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{0} =  \frac{2a^2 \eta^*}{dn_H \zeta^*} \dot{\gamma}^2 \label{THd}
\end{eqnarray}
for SG.

Let us introduce the Fourier transform of any hydrodynamic field $f(\bv{r},t)$ is defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{f}(\bv{k},T) = \int d \bv{\xi} \exp(-\bv{k} \cdot \bv{\xi})
f(\bv{r},T),
\label{Fourier}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\bv{\xi}$ is the non-dimensional position defined as
$\bv{\xi}  =  l_H^{-1} \bv{r}$,
with $l_H =2u_H/ \nu_{H0}$.

Let us write the Fourier transport $\tilde{\bv{u}}(\bv{k},t)$ of
the peculiar velocity $\bv{u}(\bv{r},t) - \bv{c}(\bv{r})$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{\bv{u}}(\bv{k},t) = \tilde{u}^{(1)}(\bv{k},t) \bv{e}^{(1)}(\bv{k}) +
\tilde{u}^{(2)}(\bv{k},t) \bv{e}^{(2)}(\bv{k}) +  \tilde{u}^{(3)}(\bv{k},t) \bv{e}^{(3)}(\bv{k}),
\label{u3d:def}
\end{eqnarray}
where the unit vectors $\bv{e}^{(i)}(\bv{k})$
depending on $\bv{k}$ are defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
 \bv{e}^{(1)}(\bv{k}) & = & \hat{\bv{k}}  = (\hat{k}_x,\hat{k}_y,\hat{k}_z) \nonumber \\
 \bv{e}^{(2)}(\bv{k}) & = &
 \frac{\bv{e}^y - ( \bv{e}^{(1)} \cdot \bv{e}^{(y)}) \bv{e}^{(1)} }
 {|\bv{e}^y - ( \bv{e}^{(1)} \cdot \bv{e}^{(y)}) \bv{e}^{(1)} |}   \nonumber \\
\bv{e}^{(3)}(\bv{k}) & = &  \bv{e}^{(1)}  \times \bv{e}^{(2)}.
\label{unit}
\end{eqnarray}
The $i$-th component of the velocity filed in Eq. (\ref{u3d:def}) is
expressed as $\tilde{u}^{(i)}(\bv{k},t) = \tilde{\bv{u}}(\bv{k},t) \cdot \bv{e}^{(i)}(\bv{k})$.

From the method used in the previous work \cite{Lutsko},
we can rewrite the velocity field as
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{u}^{(1)}(\bv{k},t)  & = &\frac{1}{4}u_{H0} B(t)
\left \{ \frac{\tilde{n}(\bv{k}(t),0)}{n_H}
+ \frac{\tilde{T}(\bv{k}(t),0))}{T_0} \right \}
\left \{ E^{(1)}(\bv{k}(t),t) - E^{(2)}(\bv{k}(t),t) \right \}  \nonumber \\
& & + \frac{1}{2} B(t)\tilde{u}^{(1)}(\bv{k}(t),0)
\left \{ E^{(1)}(\bv{k}(t),t) + E^{(2)}(\bv{k}(t),t)\right \}, \nonumber
\\
\tilde{u}^{(2)}(\bv{k},t)  & = &  B(t)\tilde{u}^{(2)}(\bv{k}(t),0)
E^{(3)}(\bv{k}(t),t), \nonumber  \\
\tilde{u}^{(3)}(\bv{k},t)  & = &  B(t) \tilde{u}^{(3)}(\bv{k}(t),0) E^{(4)}(\bv{k}(t),t) +  B(t) \tilde{u}^{(2)}(\bv{k}(t),0) F(\bv{k}(t),t),
   \label{u:sol}
\end{eqnarray}
where we introduce
\begin{eqnarray}
\bv{k}(t) = (k_x, k_y-\dot{\gamma}t k_x,k_z),
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
 B(t) =
\left \{
\begin{array}{cc}
 \left(
1 + b t
\right)
 & \mbox{for SH}, \\
 1
 & \mbox{for ST and SG}.\\
\end{array}
\right.
 \label{BSH}
\end{eqnarray}
In addition, we also introduce
\begin{eqnarray}
E^{(1)}(\bv{k},t) & = &\sqrt{\hat{k}(t)} e^{i \sqrt{2} k \alpha(t)
- \frac{\Gamma_0}{4}\beta(t)k^2}, \nonumber \\
E^{(2)}(\bv{k},t) & = & \sqrt{\hat{k}(t)} e^{-i \sqrt{2} k \alpha(t)
- \frac{\Gamma_0}{4}\beta(t)k^2}, \nonumber \\
E^{(3)}(\bv{k},t) & = & \frac{e^{ - \frac{\eta^*}{4} \beta(t)k^2}}{\hat{k}(-t)},
\nonumber \\
E^{(4)}(\bv{k},t) & = & e^{ - \frac{\eta^*}{4} \beta(t)k^2},
\label{E:def}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
F(\bv{k},t) =
   M(\bv{k(-t)
   }) E^{(3)}(\bv{k},t) -   M(\bv{k}) E^{(4)}(\bv{k},t)
\end{eqnarray}
with
$\Gamma_0  =  \eta^*/2 + \mu^* + \kappa^*$,
and $M(\bv{k}) = - k k_z / (k_x k_\perp) \tan^{-1}(k_y / k_\perp)$.

Here, we use
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha(t) & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{cc}
\alpha_1(t) + \frac{\eta^* }{3} \left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 \alpha_2(t)
 & \mbox{for SH}\\
 \alpha_1(t)
 & \mbox{for ST and SG},
\end{array}
\right.
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\beta(t) =  A_1(t) - A_2(t) \hat{k}_x \hat{k}_y
 + A_3(t) \hat{k}_x^2
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha_1(t) & = & \frac{\nu_{H0}}{2\dot{\gamma} \hat{k}_x}
  (\hat{k}_y -\hat{k}_y(-t)\hat{k}(-t)) \nonumber \\
  & & - \frac{\nu_{H0}}{2\dot{\gamma} \hat{k}_x}(\hat{k}_y^2 -1) {\mathrm sgn}(\dot{\gamma}  \hat{k}_x)
  \log \left [
  \frac{|\hat{k}_y(-t) - {\mathrm sgn}(\dot{\gamma}  \hat{k}_x)\hat{k}(-t)|}
  {|\hat{k}_y - {\mathrm sgn}(\dot{\gamma}  \hat{k}_x)|}
  \right ], \\
  \alpha_2(t) & = & \frac{\nu_{H0}^2(\hat{k}(-t)^3 -1)}
  {\dot{\gamma}^2 \hat{k}_x^2}
  + \frac{\nu_{H0}\hat{k}_y}{\dot{\gamma} \hat{k}_x} \alpha_1(t),
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
A_1(t) & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{cc}
\nu_{H0} t \left ( 1 + \frac{\eta^*}{6}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 t \right ) & \mbox{for SH}\\
\nu_{H0} t  & \mbox{for ST and SG}, \\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
A_2(t) & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{cc}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )
(\nu_{H0} t)^2
\left ( 1 + \frac{2\eta^*}{9}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 \nu_{H0} t \right ) &
\mbox{for SH} \\
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )
(\nu_{H0} t)^2 & \mbox{for ST and SG}, \\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
A_3(t) & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{cc}
\frac{1}{3}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 (\nu_{H0} t)^3
\left ( 1 + \frac{\eta^*}{4}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 \nu_{H0} t \right ) &
\mbox{for SH}, \\
\frac{1}{3}
\left ( \frac{\dot{\gamma}}{\nu_{H0}} \right )^2 (\nu_{H0} t)^3 &
\mbox{for ST and SG}, \\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{eqnarray}
where $k = \sqrt{k_x^2 + k_y^2  + k_z^2}$,
$k(t) = \sqrt{k_x^2 + (k_y - \dot{\gamma} t k_x)^2  + k_z^2}$,
$\hat{k}_\alpha = k_\alpha/k$, and $\hat{k}(t) = k(t)/k$ in Eq. (\ref{E:def})

\subsection{Result}

Substituting Eq. (\ref{u3d:def}) into (\ref{C2:eq})
with the definition of the Fourier transform (\ref{Fourier}),
the correlation function can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) &=&  \sum_{i,j=1,2,3} C^{(ij)}_\eta(t),
\end{eqnarray}
where we introduce
\begin{eqnarray}
C^{(ij)}_\eta(t) & \equiv &  m^2 n_H l_H^d \int d\bv{v}'_0
  v'_{0x}v'_{0y} f_0(v'_0) \nonumber \\
  & & \times
  \int \frac{d \bv{k}}{(2\pi)^d}   u^{(i)}(\bv{k},t)  u^{(j)}(-\bv{k},t)
 e^{(i)}_x(\bv{k}) e^{(j)}_y(\bv{k}).
 \label{Cij:def}
\end{eqnarray}
Then, the correlation function can be approximated as
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) & \simeq &  C^{(11)}_\eta(t) +  C^{(22)}_\eta(t)  +  C^{(32)}_\eta(t) . \label{Ceq:exp}
\end{eqnarray}
The reason to neglect $C^{(12)}_\eta(t)$,  $C^{(21)}_\eta(t)$,
and  $C^{(31)}_\eta(t)$ is that these functions decay faster than
 $C^{(22)}_\eta(t)$ because of the existence of
the sound mode \cite{ernst71}.
The reason to neglect $C^{(13)}_\eta(t)$ and $C^{(23)}_\eta(t)$
is that $e^{(3)}_y(\bv{k})$ is zero.

In order to obtain $C_\eta^{(11)}(t)$, $C_\eta^{(22)}(t)$,
and $C_\eta^{(32)}(t)$,
we use
$\tilde{\bv{u}}_{\bv{k}}(0) \simeq \bv{v}_0/(n_0 l_H^d)$,
and
$f_0(\bv{v}'_0) \simeq n (m/2\pi T_0)^{3/2} \exp(-c^2)\{1 + a_2 S_2(c^2)\}$,
where $c=v'\sqrt{ m/2T_0}$, $S_2(x) = x^2/2 - 5 x/2 + 15/8$, and
$a_2$ is the constant depending on the restitution coefficient $e$
\cite{ernst71,Hayakawa}.
Here, we note that $a_2$ becomes zero when $e=1$.
Then , $C_\eta^{(11)}(t)$, $C_\eta^{(22)}(t)$, and $C_\eta^{(32)}(t)$,
are respectively calculated as
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta^{(11)}(t) &=&  \frac{T_0^2(1+a_2)}{8\pi^3 l_H^d}
\left (
\frac{2}{\Gamma_0}
\right )^{3/2}
\psi^{(11)}(t), \nonumber \\
C_\eta^{(22)}(t) &=&  \frac{T_0^2(1+a_2)}{4 \pi^3 l_H^d}
\left (
\frac{2}{\eta^*}
\right )^{3/2}
\psi^{(22)}(t), \nonumber \\
C_\eta^{(32)}(t) &=&  \frac{T_0^2(1+a_2)}{4 \pi^3 l_H^d}
\left (
\frac{2}{\eta^*}
\right )^{3/2}
\psi^{(32)}(t), \label{Cij}
\end{eqnarray}
where we introduce
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi^{(11)}(t) &=&  B^2(t)
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \dot{\gamma} tk_x)}{k^3 k(-t)}
 e^{- \beta(t)k^2}, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(22)}(t) &=&  B^2(t)
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \dot{\gamma} tk_x)}{ k^4(-t)}
 e^{- \beta(t)k^2}, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(32)}(t)
&=&  B^2(t)
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_z^2}{ k^2(-t)}
G(\bv{k},t)
 e^{- \beta(t)k^2}
 \label{psi:def}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
G(\bv{k},t) =
\left[
1 + \frac{k_y}{k_\perp}
\left \{
  \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y - \dot{\gamma} t k_x}{k_\perp} \right )
  - \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y}{k_\perp} \right )
  \right \}
  \right ].
\end{eqnarray}

From (\ref{psi:def}), $\psi^{(11)}(t)$, $\psi^{(22)}(t)$, and $\psi^{(32)}(t)$
obey $t^{-3/2}$ for $t<\dot{\gamma}^{-1}$.
Hence, we find
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) \propto t^{-3/2}
\end{eqnarray}
for $t<\dot{\gamma}^{-1}$.

However, $\psi^{(11)}(t)$, $\psi^{(22)}(t)$,
and $\psi^{(32)}(t)$ can be evaluated as
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi^{(11)}(t) &\simeq&  \frac{8 b^{1/2}}{\dot{\gamma} ^3 t^4} c^{(11)}_H, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(22)}(t) &\simeq&  \frac{8 b^{1/2}}{\dot{\gamma} ^3 t^4} c^{(22)}_H, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(32)}(t) &\simeq&  \frac{4 b^{1/2}}{\dot{\gamma} ^3 t^2} c^{(32)}_H,
\label{psi:SH}
\end{eqnarray}
for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ in SH.
Here, $c^{(11)}_H$, $c^{(22)}_H$, and $c^{(32)}_H$ are the following constants
\begin{eqnarray}
c^{(11)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \sqrt{2} k_x) }
{(k_y^2 + k_z^2)^{3/2} (2 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{2} k_x k_y)^{1/2}}
 e^{- (k^2 - \frac{4 \sqrt{2}}{3} k_x k_y}, \nonumber \\
c^{(22)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \sqrt{2} k_x) }
{(2 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{2} k_x k_y)^{2}}
 e^{- (k^2 - \frac{4 \sqrt{2}}{3} k_x k_y}, \nonumber \\
c^{(22)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_z^2 }
{2 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{2} k_x k_y}
 e^{- (k^2 - \frac{4 \sqrt{2}}{3} k_x k_y} \nonumber \\
& & \times \left[
1 + \frac{k_y}{|k_z|}
\left \{
  \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y - \sqrt{2} k_x}{|k_z|} \right )
  - \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y}{|k_z|} \right )
  \right \}
  \right ].
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, we find that
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t) \propto \psi^{(32)}(t) \propto t^{-2}
\end{eqnarray}
for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ in SH.

On the other hand,
$\psi^{(11)}(t)$, $\psi^{(22)}(t)$,
and $\psi^{(22)}(t)$ behave for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi^{(11)}(t) &\simeq&  \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{\dot{\gamma}^3  t^{9/2}} c^{(11)}_T, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(22)}(t) &\simeq& \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{\dot{\gamma}^3   t^{9/2}} c^{(22)}_T, \nonumber \\
\psi^{(32)}(t) &\simeq&  \frac{\sqrt{3}}{\dot{\gamma}   t^{5/2}} c^{(32)}_T.
\label{psi:ST}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $c^{(11)}_T$, $c^{(22)}_T$, and $c^{(32)}_T$ are the constants
\begin{eqnarray}
c^{(11)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \sqrt{3} k_x) }
{(k_y^2 + k_z^2)^{3/2} (3 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{3} k_x k_y)^{1/2}}
 e^{- (k^2 - \sqrt{3} k_x k_y)}, \nonumber \\
c^{(22)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_x^2 k_y (k_y - \sqrt{3} k_x) }
{(3 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{3} k_x k_y)^{2}}
 e^{- (k^2 - \sqrt{3} k_x k_y)}, \nonumber \\
c^{(22)}_H &=&
\int d \bv{k}
\frac{k_z^2 }
{3 k_x^2 + k_y^2 + k_z^2 - 2\sqrt{3} k_x k_y}
 e^{- (k^2 -  \sqrt{3} k_x k_y)} \nonumber \\
 & & \times
\left[
1 + \frac{k_y}{|k_z|}
\left \{
  \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y - \sqrt{3} k_x}{|k_z|} \right )
  - \tan^{-1} \left ( \frac{k_y}{|k_z|} \right )
  \right \}
  \right ].
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, we find that
\begin{eqnarray}
C_\eta(t)\propto \psi^{(32)}(t) \propto t^{-5/2}
\end{eqnarray}
for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ in ST and SG.

Hence, from Eqs. (\ref{Ceq:exp}), (\ref{Cij}), (\ref{psi:SH}) and
(\ref{psi:ST}), we find that
$C_\eta(t)$ behaves as $t^{-3/2}$ for $t<\dot{\gamma}^{-1}$
and $t^{-2}$ for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ in SH.
$C_\eta(t)$ behaves as $t^{-3/2}$ for $t<\dot{\gamma}^{-1}$
and $t^{-5/2}$ for $t \gg \dot{\gamma}^{-1}$ in ST and SG.

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}

In the previous paper \cite{Otsuki07}, we find that
the exponent of the tail in the velocity autocorrelation function $C(t)$
has the crossover from $-3/2$ to $-3$ for SH,
and $-3/2$ to $-5/2$ for ST and SG.
The exponents for ST and SG are common in $C_\eta(t)$ and $C(t)$.
However, the exponents in $C_\eta(t)$ for SH are
different from $C(t)$.
This difference is originated from the
fact that there is $B^2(t)$ in Eq.
(\ref{psi:def}), but the corresponding part in $C(t)$ is $B(t)$.

In conclusion, we have analytically calculated the behaviors of the
$C_\eta(t)$ in the three dimensional sheared fluids.
Based on the method developed by
by Ernst {\it et al.}, we find that $C_\eta(t)$ has the long-time tail
where the exponent has the cross over from $-3/2$ to $-2$ for SH
and $-3/2$ to $-5/2$ for ST and SG.

This work is partially supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (Grant No. 18540371)
and the Grant-in-Aid for the 21st century COE "Center for Diversity and Universality of Physics" from MEXT, Japan.
One of the authors (M. O.) thanks the Yukawa Foundation for the financial
support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Evaluation in the policy cycle? It's all about speed.
The 2016 European Data Forum EDF16 took place in lovely Eindhoven at the Evoluon. Much shaped like a flying saucer, this spectacular venue for two days gave home to Europe's elite on data related topics. This years event was all focused on big data and data science. The importance of Big Data was stressed by TU Eindhoven president Jan Mengelers, CEO Eindhoven University of Technology. According to him, 50% of innovation in the future will have to be attributed to data ecosystems. That's an enormous amount of change.
We gave a presentation on the effects of Big Data Analytics on policy making in the 21st. century.
Since about 40 years for many researchers the policy cycle is the vehicle of choice to describe and rationalize public policy making. It's steps remained largely invariant and comprise of Agenda Setting, Policy Discussion, Formation, Acceptance, Provision of Means, Implementation of Means. At times where the world didn't turn as fast as it does today with change happening at unprecedented speed, this model was a good fit. However today the data landscape has tremendously changed. All sorts of devices produce data at every moment, be it RFID-chips, CCTV-cameras, the Internet-of-Anything or EAS's Copernicus Satellites. Instead of storing all this data to process at a later time, action taking the moment data becomes available is the new credo. Government ICT-systems are not yet fully at speed to leverage the benefits chiefly because the organisational structures of the past did not favour collaboration and (data) sharing.
We took a closer look onto the possibilities of Big Data Analytics and published our findings as open access. The 10.000 meter summary of this paper would be that stream processing and real time analytics will change the policy cycle in an important aspect: Evaluation will become an integral part of every phase instead of a distinct phase at the very end of policy making. This will enable policy makers to react much quicker to change, adapt policies while they are implemented or re-focus to other, more burning topics in due time.


In the last decade, the world has seen a black man ruling the most powerful country-America, on his side, the first lady, Michelle Obama, a woman of substance and famous for her inspirational speeches has truly won over hearts of millions. Among the list of successful women in the World, Michelle has marked her presence as a brainy and shrewd woman. Her personality exudes every bit empathy for education and empowerment of women.
She has portrayed a person who strongly believes in the equal rights of women amongst male dominating society. Being the First Lady of America, her persona has shown the world especially women that regardless of ethnicities or societal ranks, a woman can achieve brilliance in any walk of life.
Michelle, as a shining star, among successful women, is not the topic of this article but an example to all those women who strive for success and struggle with difficulties along the path. A woman and a girl can balance both private relationships and professional life with balance which might be difficult for a man to handle.
A right attitude and a passion for work can bring endless possibilities to success. There are a few shortlisted rules that would define how a woman can be a stronger and successful person?
"You should never view your challenges as a disadvantage. Instead, it's important for you to understand that your experience facing and overcoming adversity is actually one of your biggest advantages."-Michelle views on stepping on the uncharted waters.
Take over the moment that is forthcoming and seems an intimidating goal to accomplish. You never know what treasure it entails unless you untap the opportunity. Trust your intuition and heart and if both says go for it then grab the rope and mount on the goal until you become successful.
Life has a knack to throw obstructions in our path. All the anomalies would help us to polish our personality and will make us ready to tackle a situation that can come again in the future.
Never allow your past mistakes to take hold of future endeavors. Just because your past assignments didn't go well as planned doesn't mean it will shadow your future accomplishments. Don't ever let that happen. You need to strive higher and never undermine your capabilities. You are unique in your own.
Every person has significant personality gifts. To polish one's traits it is necessary to bear the pressure; be it societal or professional, only then you will form into a precious gem.
Empower yourself and never let the passion escape!
In our society, men excel in any sector and there are more opportunities for men than for women. Therefore, women need to grab every opportunity that comes in their way to achieve success.
The society believes that men are stronger and make wise decisions than women. This mindset needs to be changed and the world needs to understand that no matter what the circumstances or limitations would be, a woman can soar as high as any powerful man in the world.
Never cease on the limitations that might drag you to backwards in accomplishing your mission, hold on to the rope of persistence.
"We learned about gratitude and humility-that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean…and we are taught to value everyone's contribution and treat everyone with respect." Michelle approach on being humble even at the top of your game.
Remain true to yourself and people around, no matter what stones the destiny throw at your way. Hold tight to the rope of modesty when you are in pursuit of success. Being successful and being an inspiration are two different perceptions; the latter becomes an integral part of history.
You can only become an inspiration to the World when your soul and mind possess humility and your feelings for poor or rich are remain same.


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Mr and Mrs Ramsay and their eight children have always holidayed at their summer house in Skye, surrounded by family friends. The novel's opening section teems with the noise, complications, bruised emotions, joys and quiet tragedies of everyday family life that might go on forever.
But time passes, bringing with it war and death, and the summer home stands empty until one day, many years later, when the family return to make the long-postponed visit to the lighthouse.


Discuss indications and more general concerns.
Consider the various approaches. Provide links to relevant anatomy and surgical approaches.
Read our Instructions for Authors to learn about contributing or editing articles on OrthopaedicsOne.
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. Hemivertebra excision. OrthopaedicsOne Articles. In: OrthopaedicsOne - The Orthopaedic Knowledge Network. Created Jun 05, 2010 06:18. Last modified Jul 24, 2012 02:44 ver.3. Retrieved 2019-04-22, from https://www.orthopaedicsone.com/x/rggCAg.


For the past two years, David's coaching played a critical role in helping me transition from a technical specialist to someone who is capable of seeing the big picture and managing multiple functional areas. David helped me set goals and kept me on-track to meeting those goals. The leadership experience and political awareness he brought to the coaching process were very beneficial. What I appreciate most is the advice I received on navigating politically difficult situations. He did a good job in challenging me to think through my decisions. It was hard to be complacent working with David!
I wanted to thank you for facilitating such an excellent first strategic planning session for our association's peer programs. The Select Committee members have all expressed a positive experience and are excited about the outcomes. Personally, I believe the timing was perfect for the program to see not only how current activities align to the program and to the Association but also how we should be thinking about the future in terms of operations, capacity, and new horizons. Thank you for bringing your considerable expertise to assist us.


Accidentally i've discovered a simple way to bypass CloudFlare anti DDoS protection for future website scraping purposes.
For example will take http://skidpaste.org.
There different response codes, but the main point is clear: you haven't the website content.
If we'll open the resource with Firefox browser and wait for the actual website, we'll receive a CloudFlare cookies. Which will be checked every time when you'll access the resource.
Is It Okey To Use => https://github.com/Anorov/cloudflare-scrape ???


Despite its high-fat approach, the keto diet is rumoured to leave excess pounds melting away. Although it sounds like a contradiction, it's actually an effective way to lose weight.
Your cries of "not another faddy diet" can be heard from here, but under closer inspection the keto diet is just a different take on other low-carb plans. The idea is to replace carbohydrates with fats and protein-rich foods. When starved of carbs, the body enters into a metabolic state known as "ketosis". And once this happens, the body becomes highly efficient at burning fat for energy.
A ketogenic diet consists of some 70% fat, 25% protein and only 5% carbs, meaning it centres around foods such as meat, fish, avocado, butter and nuts. Low-carb veggies like spinach, courgettes, cucumber, lettuce, asparagus and aubergine are also allowed, plus eggs, tomatoes, berries, onions and broccoli.
Eagle-eyed foodies will have already noticed a distinct lack of fruit in the list above. The reason? Most fruit contains high levels of fructose which counts towards your carb intake, meaning there's no place for fruit in the keto plan. The same applies to bread, cakes, cereals, potatoes, rice, pasta, chocolate, biscuits and other desserts.
But it's not all bad news for those of you with a sweet tooth. There are a few so-called keto "fat bombs" guaranteed to leave your mouth watering. We're talking brownie fudge, chocolate cake with peanut butter and peanut butter cups. Because although the diet excludes sugar it gives the green light to fat.
The ketogenic diet is geared at lowering blood sugar levels and aiding weight loss. It's not a long-term solution though, and you should always seek advice from a doctor before starting any kind of weight loss program. Remember, there are loads of other ways to burn fat if keto doesn't appeal to you. Most of them involved getting active, either in a gym or the great outdoors.


text:
Darol Anger and Barbara Higbie
released 2017 Adventure Music
dustygroove.com
in the early '80s, the long Golden Age of Music in the the San Francisco By Area was entering a long, brilliant afternoon: a languorously extended musical explosion that arose in the late fifties with Gleason, Guaraldi and Brubeck, extending through the Summer Of Love's spawning of some of America's most influential rock bands, finishing off with two decades of volcanic multi-style creativity in a spectacular land- and sea-scape. An uneasy economy glanced off day after day of golden days in the Golden State. The David Grisman Quintet strode across the land. Every jazz great from Grappelli to Bill Evans to Rashaan Kirk, still robust, visited regularly. The Terry Riley-Pandit-Pran Nath-Allaudin Mathieu era was in full swing at Mills College, Metheny still had a rock band, and musicians could still afford the rents in Oakland. The Grateful Dead and their vast retinue continued to percolate, growing a nation right under the nose of another nation, and the Whole Earth Catalogue was helping to educate a young generation of binary-code geniuses still in their early teens.
Once upon a summer in 1978, two young Bay Area musicians met in Paris, a coincidence that seems fated. He was on tour with a hotshot post-Bluegrass band. She was bumming around the Continent for the summer, busking on fiddle and living life to the fullest. Their return to the Bay Area resulted in a musical marriage of two highly individual worlds, tied together by a love of the groove. Her world easily encompassed thorny mid-century composers to the High-Life rhythms of West Africa. There was nothing that that girl could not do with a piano, a fiddle or drum. Hers was the magic touch that turned every sound to music. The boy was carving out a sound on his violin, struggling to swim in the rapid currents of a turbulent post-folk and proto-jazz music community that was battling its way to a larger harmonic and rhythmic awareness; virtuosity was the order of the day, and innovation was demanded. His ability was not that of the virtuoso, but much value lay in his inability to play anything but emotional truth on the violin. Together, they created a landscape that connected everywhere, but utterly theirs.
Windham Hill's newly empowered Executive Producer Will Ackerman heard my first release "Fiddlistics" and liked the lone, lonesome piano and violin duet on that recording. He wanted more of that feeling, and Barbara and I managed to give him that and more. Barbara's ear for odd time signatures that sound perfectly normal, her perfectly tilted melodies, and tough, joyful groove fit right in with all the surging, leaping music happening around us. I finally felt ready to sing out my own story on a fiddle borrowed from my best friend. Our total conviction about the music made everything come together for Tideline.
Darol Anger, violins and Octave Mandolin
Barbara Higbie, Piano
with Mike Marshall, mandolin on Onyame


Last-minute evidence about the death of a Stroud farmer who was killed when a train hit his car on a level crossing has caused a delay in his inquest.
A coroner and jury were due to spend three days considering the case of Colin Cameron, 60 of Bisley Road, Stroud, who died on February 7, 2017 he used the unmanned crossing on his land at Frampton Mansell, near Cirencester.
One of his dogs was also killed.
During a pre-inquest hearing earlier this year it emerged that Mr Cameron had stopped at the crossing in his Land Rover and had spoken to the nearest signalman.
On Thursday, Gloucestershire coroner Katie Skerrett was told by lawyers in the case that there was new evidence which the inquest should hear.
After hearing submissions she postponed the full inquest to give time for new witnesses to provide statements and to give evidence when the inquest is concluded in April/May next year.
Apologising to all interested parties and to the family she said postponing was not a decision she took lightly but it was necessary to ensure they had all relevant evidence so all questions were answered.
"It is important to the family" she said.
The coroner discussed with Sarah Le Fevre, the family barrister, and Network Rail's lawyer, Richard Crockford, what further witnesses should be called to give evidence at the inquest.
The coroner stressed, however, that the inquest would not be considering the safety or otherwise of such crossings in general.
It would focus on the specific incident that day.
A post-mortem into Mr Cameron's death has revealed he died from multiple injuries.


These past years, flat-screen computer monitors have become the ergonomic standard for computer work in the workplace and the home office. Not only does a flat-screen monitor add style to a workstation and let you economize on workspace, it has the major option of being mounted on an adjustable ergonomic support arm or stand.
When correctly used, a flat-screen monitor support arm or stand improves comfort levels quickly, resulting in considerable health benefits and increased productivity at work.
Sales of this ergonomic accessory have jumped significantly on Ugoburo.ca, particularly items made by Humanscale and Workrite.
Most office workers intuitively adapt their posture at work to the position of their computer monitor. However, monitors can be made very differently; for instance, Macs computer by Apple have unique physical characteristics that may not be suitable for everyone. It is therefore very important to position the monitor properly in order to avoid unnecessary discomfort or fatigue, which is why monitor support arms are becoming increasingly popular.
When working at a computer screen, the head must be held high and straight, and the monitor positioned directly in front. After some time in front of a computer, users tend to relax their position somewhat by letting the head fall slightly forward. This change in posture, which tends to relax the neck, head, shoulder and back muscles, should occur only within the ergonomic comfort zone indicated by the orange section in the illustration below.
If your posture takes you out of this zone, you'll eventually feel tension and fatigue in the eyes and pain in the neck, shoulders and back.
It goes without saying that using an ergonomic office chair is essential to enjoying optimal ergonomic function at work. Some accessories like a footrest or an ergonomic keyboard tray will help in achieving comfortable posture.
Step 1 - Adjust distance : position the monitor at a distance of 18 inches (46 cm) or more from eyes, i.e. at about arm's length.
Step 2 - Adjust height : position the monitor so that the upper third section is at eye level.
If you wear bifocals, as more and more workers do, it is recommended that the monitor be positioned lower than the orange section in the illustration. This can be achieved by using an ergonomic computer monitor support arm or stand.
And that's all there is to it! These simple adjustments will give you quick results with little effort. If you continue to experience pain or discomfort, speak to an ergonomist or a health professional.
The above diagram may be reproduced only with written permission from Ugoburo.ca.


KIMBERLEY Garner showed her ex-boyfriend exactly what he is missing as she flashed her bum in a thong swimsuit while in Saint Tropez.
The former Made In Chelsea star looked like she was having the time of her life as she soaked up the sun on board a lavish yacht on Wednesday.
The 27-year-old was seen showing off her lean curves in the high-cut thong swimsuit which featured criss-cross straps.
She completed her look with sunglasses which she placed to the side in order to take a dip in the inviting water.
Later in the day, she covered up in a floral patterned crop top and high-waisted shorts.
The blonde beauty then went on to share pictures from her visit to Club 55 St. Tropez with fans on social media.
Her sun-soaked break comes just weeks after The Sun revealed she split from her boyfriend of three years, The Sun's Bizarre column can exclusively reveal.
The reality babe revealed she was "newly" single after breaking up with the mystery man before heading out to Cannes for the French film festival in May.
In an exclusive interview with The Sun's Bizarre column at the Magnum x Moschino party, she said: "This is my third or fourth Cannes.
"Every year I was feeling quite nervous but this year I feel very happy in myself."
Kimberley was last photographed with her mystery boyfriend in September last year at the FeiFei Cicada show for London Fashion Week.
The pair looked loved-up on the front row of the high-fashion event.
Kimberley enjoyed an eight-month stint on E4 reality show Made In Chelsea in 2012 and has since gone on to front several swimwear lines.


text:
Patriots to the Super Bowl!
Kareem H., Staff Writer
On January 20th, the Patriots played a football game against the Chiefs and won 37-31. They had to go into overtime because of how close the game was. Since they won their game, they will go to the Super Bowl that will be played on February 3. This will be the 10th time that the Patriots have been to the Super Bowl. They also have won the Super Bowl 5 times they have been in it. The Super Bowl will be held in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. Go Patriots!
Kareem Hassen is a staff writer for The Talon and does competition swim after school.
Prospect Park Results
Softball Upcoming Games!
Clement Run Results
Softball Games at Moore 10/29
Softball Season
Run Club Moore Invitational 10/24
RHS Football Game
Volleyball Finals on 10/2
Volleyball Semifinals 9/30 Cope v.s Moore


text:
Der Münchhausenhof ist ein früherer Burgmannshof in Hessisch Oldendorf, dessen Herrenhaus 1583 von den Freiherren von Münchhausen im Stil der Weserrenaissance erbaut wurde. Er gilt als größter und bedeutendster Adelshof der Grafschaft Schaumburg.

Beschreibung

Das schlossähnliche Herrenhaus ist eine ab 1583 entstandene Zweiflügelanlage an einem Flussarm der Weser. Die Schauseite des zweigeschossigen Gebäudes ist zur Weser ausgerichtet. Der achteckige, mit Dreiecksgiebeln bekrönte Treppenturm ist älter und entstand wahrscheinlich im Jahr 1536. Das Portal des Südflügels wurde 1585 errichtet. Der Rittersaal im Inneren weist eine Tür und einen Kamin auf, die jeweils mit Beschlagwerkdekor verziert sind. Der Park um das Herrenhaus ist öffentlich zugänglich.

Geschichte

Der Burgmannshof entstand im 13. Jahrhundert und stand seit dem 14. Jahrhundert im Besitz des Ministerialengeschlechts von dem Bussche. Der Letzte im Mannesstamm seines Geschlechts war Claus Büschen († 1565). Im Jahr 1559 teilte er seinen Besitz mit Genehmigung der Lehnsherren auf seine Schwiegersöhne auf und überschrieb ihnen seine Güter (die Umstände dieser Übergabe hat der Dichter Börries von Münchhausen 1898 in seiner bekannten Ballade Der Letzte des Geschlechts geschildert). Auf diese Weise kam der Münchhausenhof in den Besitz von Börries von Münchhausen (1515–1583), Herr auf Apelern und Schloss Schwedesdorf in Lauenau, der seit 1557 mit der Tochter Heilwig (1537–1599) verheiratet war. 1583 begann Börries von Münchhausen mit dem Ausbau der bestehenden Anlage, die von seiner Witwe vollendet wurde.

Durch die Erbteilung unter den Söhnen von Börries und der Tochter Heilwig fiel der Münchhausenhof 1594 dem Sohn Ludolf von Münchhausen zu, der das Schloss bis 1640 bewohnte und als Humanist und Literat eine bedeutende Bibliothek zusammen trug. 1596 erwarb er von Henning Ebbeke die das Gebäude schmückende Sonnenuhr. Ab 1783 verpachteten die Münchhausen, deren Hauptsitze Lauenau und Groß Vahlberg sind, den Münchhausenhof, 1947 verkauften sie das Herrenhaus und den knapp 200 ha großen Ackerbaubetrieb, der heute von der Familie Diers-Möller bewirtschaftet wird.

Literatur
 Hans Maresch, Doris Maresch: Herrenhaus Münchhausen In: Niedersachsens Schlösser, Burgen & Herrensitze. Husum Verlag, Husum 2012, ISBN 978-389876-604-3, S. 132

Weblinks

 Geschichte bei burgen und schloesser.net
 Kurzbeschreibung mit Fotos

Einzelnachweise

Herrenhaus in Niedersachsen
Bauwerk in Hessisch Oldendorf
Baudenkmal in Hessisch Oldendorf
Erbaut in den 1580er Jahren
Wohngebäude im Landkreis Hameln-Pyrmont
Bauwerk des Adelsgeschlechts Münchhausen