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I am a disillusioned disciple of the Good Friday Agreement →
A bloody Finnish cautionary tale for Irish Republicans
Posted on Friday, 5 October, 2018	by andypollak
The independent presidential candidate Sean Gallagher has recently joined Tánaiste Simon Coveney and Sinn Fein among the growing list of people who have said they expect to see a united Ireland in their lifetime. The two new factors behind their confidence are, of course, the demographic trends which show that in the next few years Catholics will probably become the largest socio-religious group in Northern Ireland, and the cataclysm of Brexit.
Irish unity is an absolutely legitimate aspiration – I share it myself. However what these politicians never talk about, along with ordinary people in the Republic one hears voicing the same opinion in pubs and at parties, is how this unity is going to come about. The Good Friday Agreement says that once a bare 50% plus one majority for unity in a Border Poll (and it is unlikely to be much larger) is reached, the Westminster Parliament will legislate for British withdrawal and a united Ireland will result. But what will follow this seismic decision? What will be the governmental, public finance and security arrangements in the fraught transitional period that it will set in motion? How will violence and disorder be dealt with? In the 45 years I have lived off and on in the Republic of Ireland, I have never heard or engaged in a single conversation about this fundamental issue. There seems to be an unspoken and utterly unthinking assumption that everything will turn out for the best.
However there remains the small issue of what to do about the something over 800,000 Unionists who want nothing to do with Irish unity. These difficult people are either fiercely and proudly British; or, in the words of the distinguished political scientist and peacemaker Padraig O'Malley, what is ultimately important to them is "not their Protestantism nor their Britishness, but their unrelenting opposition to any form of association with the rest of Ireland, an opposition that transcends in its intensity and durability any possibility of accommodation."
My belief, based on 23 years of living and working in the North, and regular conversations with unionist friends and relations, is that unless a very long drawn out transition to some form of unity is handled with enormous sensitivity and generosity, a small but significant proportion of those Unionists (and particularly the urban working class and rural Unionists who call themselves loyalists) will resist it by force.
Recently I have been reading the proceedings of the New Ireland Forum, the gathering of constitutional nationalist parties which came together in Dublin in 1983-1984 to discuss the question of unity. I was struck in particular by the contributions of two thoughtful, moderate witnesses, one from a Catholic and one from a Protestant background. Bernard Cullen grew up as a Catholic in a Protestant working class area of Belfast and would go on to become professor of philosophy at Queen's University. Asked about what would happen in the North if some day in the future there was ever the threat of a demographic nationalist majority for unity, he said the probability – given that there were loyalists willing to kill in order to resist what they saw as rampant Irish nationalism – was that there would be "a most terrible and horrific outcome, much greater in carnage and loss of life than anything we have seen so far."
Similarly Robin Glendinning, a playwright and Alliance Party member from a liberal Protestant background, said that if a combination of the British government, the Irish government and the Northern Nationalist community were ever to tell the Unionists "your right to consent is now over, you would be in a very dangerous situation. I believe under those circumstances the Unionists would fight."
I believe, despite Sinn Fein's claims to the contrary, that little has changed in most Unionists' attitudes since the 1980s. What will happen after Brexit is another matter, extremely difficult to predict. But I agree with Cullen and Glendinning that if there is a hair's breadth majority for unity in a Border Poll in the foreseeable future, this island will be on the brink of renewed conflict. Loyalist paramilitary organisations, which have never gone away, will do what they do best: defend their areas against nationalist encroachment, which will involve killing Catholics. With so many Unionists having a knowledge of handling arms and military tactics through service in the RUC, the UDR and the paramilitary groups themselves, there will be plenty of murderous expertise to go around. The likelihood of attacks on Southern cities and towns would be considerable.
I foresee loyalists adopting two overlapping military strategies in such a situation. There are those who would attempt to create 'facts on the ground', securing unionist strongholds in largely Protestant areas like east Belfast, north Down, south and east Antrim and north Armagh. Others would proclaim a 'backs to the wall' resistance, appealing to Ulster's long martial tradition of beating back the Southern hordes, from Cuchulainn to the Ulster Volunteers. Famous battles like the Boyne, Derry's Walls, the Somme and Ulster-American hero Davy Crockett's last stand at the Alamo would be invoked.
If you think this is far-fetched and alarmist, consider the experience of a peaceful EU member state on the far side of Europe. Who in Ireland has ever heard of the Finnish Civil War? This year the people of that highly civilised country are commemorating the centenary of that terrible conflict, in which 36,000 people were killed in just six months in 1918 (compare this with the 2,100 people who died in the 1916-1923 Irish War of Independence and Civil War).
This was a conflict between socialist and communist 'Reds' and right-wing 'Whites'. Interestingly, most of the 'Reds' aimed to create nothing more revolutionary than a constitutional democratic nation-state on the Swiss model. Only a minority wanted a Finnish Soviet republic copied from Lenin's Russia next door (Finland had been an autonomous region of the Russian empire until it declared effective independence in July 1917 after the fall of the Tsar four months earlier).But that was not how the Finnish right saw it: they saw a Bolshevik state in the making and brought in German troops to help put it down. The result was a civil war in which wide-scale terror was used by both sides.
Two key elements of this conflict are worth noting. Compared to Russia's other autonomous regions, Finland was a relatively egalitarian society with equal political rights, a comparatively high level of education and opportunities for upward social mobility. And one of the tragic failures of the newly independent country's rapid slide into civil war was that it had no working government, military or police force to maintain public order as parliamentary politics were replaced by warring paramilitary groups.
The result was a maelstrom. "The paramilitary nature of the conflict helps to explain the peculiar nature of its violence, which was unrestrained by international norms of warfare," conclude two Finnish historians, Pertti Haapala and Marko Tikka, in a recent book chapter.¹ "What made violence possible was the gradual process of state collapse in 1917 and the government's loss of control over the monopoly of force, a process that soon began to affect civil society, the economy and everyday life, and which eroded the belief in common values and norms. In that situation the step to violence was surprisingly short: the same young people who a year previously had been enthusiastically founding reading clubs, choirs and dance groups, were now organising small armed groups willing to annihilate the enemy." It is striking that some of the worst atrocities were carried out by paramilitary units made up of very young volunteers, sometimes even 12-15 year old schoolboys and their teachers.
Paramilitaries? High levels of education? Political vacuum? Breakdown of law and order? It all sounds depressingly familiar. Parts of Northern Ireland were close to civil war several times between the 1970s and 1990s. If we blunder unthinkingly into a Border Poll without lengthy negotiations and meticulous consultation and preparation lasting (I would suggest) at least a generation, this kind of bloody madness could easily convulse our lovely island again.
¹ Pertti Haapala and Marko Tikka, 'Revolution, Civil War and Terror in Finland in 1918' in War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe after the Great War (Robert Gerwarth and John Horne, editors), Oxford University Press 2012
This entry was posted in General, Ireland, Europe and the world, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland. Bookmark the permalink.
4 Responses to A bloody Finnish cautionary tale for Irish Republicans
hegemonic says:
Friday, 5 October, 2018 at 8:37 am IST
Well done with this and hope all well.
The best analysis of the wars of the Yugoslav succession was just that: when the state (with what Weber called its monopoly of legitimate force) collapses, the logic of paramilitarism becomes inexorable. As Pearse so crudely expressed it, there was nothing more ridiculous than an 'Orangeman' with a gun than a nationalist without one. It was state collapse which issued in the war of independence and civil war—initiated by the UVF the Irish Volunteers were set up by MacNeill to copy. And it was state collapse which brought about the 'troubles'—when the civil rights movement, today being a fateful day, wholly unwittingly unleashed a process by which the 'unionist monolith' shattered but the Brits were too pusillanimous to replace it till 1972, by which time the downward spiral was far advanced.
What should have happened in the 1910s was 'home rule all round', as the most thoughtful figures argued at the time, which would have preserved Irish unity and diminished minority-Protestant fears. Decades too late, it came with the Belfast agreement and Scottish and Welsh devolution. That however holds out the possibility of unification being perceived as 'a process not an event' (as a secretary of state for Wales said of devolution) involving integration between democratic political institutions north and south. Indeed this was a scenario envisaged by the committee at Westminster which scrutinised the Government of Ireland bill (the 1920 act was intentionally symmetrical, with the Council of Ireland as bridge, so reunification might be possible). But that does mean (as I argued in my Irish Times piece) focusing on the process of consensual integration, not the event of a border poll (that's the end, not the beginning) and facing up to the dysfunctionality of the northern institutions (compared with the 1974 version, much more patiently and publicly designed than in the mad private rush at Castle Buildings in the run-up to Easter 1998), rather than defending the indefensible just because the DUP is on the other side of the argument.
Philip Berman says:
This is a very timely warning, particularly in light of the complexities of Brexit. Quite apart from the dangers of civil war, Irish unity poses a significant financial headache. While many people in the South are in favour of reunification, how solid would their support be if they calculated the impact on the State's coffers (and their own pockets)? While a united Ireland is surely a desirable aspiration, this is a debate that needs to be had before rushing to what might be rash commitments.
Brendan McSherry says:
Friday, 5 October, 2018 at 3:08 pm IST
An interesting article and, perhaps, a salutary warning.
In light of the above, how are we supposed to bring about "lengthy negotiations and meticulous consultation and preparation lasting for several generations" when the loyalists consider themselves a sovereign, military power that has no intention of talking to any Fenians about anything? How do you even begin discussing Irish unity and independence with people whose 'ethnicity' is self-defined by "their unrelenting opposition to any form of association with the rest of Ireland, an opposition that transcends in its intensity and durability any possibility of accommodation."
A "very long drawn out transition to some form of unity […] handled with enormous sensitivity and generosity" was underway. It was called the European Union. The Tories and their DUP bedmates have, once again, inflicted pain, uncertainty, probably Partition and, possibly, renewed violence on the people of Ireland, in order to suit their own, selfish, nasty agenda.
How long do the people of Ireland have to live under this sort of sneering, dismissive and destructive rule before they are allowed take control of their own destiny? For how long will the descendants of Britain's colonial planters exercise a veto over democracy and progress? Are we to accept their supremacy until the very last one dies, or marries a Taig?
I appreciate that you are warning against the risk that the loyalist supremacist "nation" would start a war but where do we take a stand against that sort of behaviour? Where do we stop bowing down to those who threaten violence against us?
Simon Coveney visited Finland this year and made many interesting comparisons between the two countries. There was no mention of this Civil War though.
Most of all, I'm horrified and deeply saddened to see, again, the cruelty of teenage boys. Give me the child before he develops compassion and I will give you a genocidal terrorist.
testblog2089 says:
Tuesday, 9 October, 2018 at 3:11 am IST
I don't think there is a comparison between Finland and what happened in Ireland in the past. Ireland has two states on one island, one is well a part of one country, and the other another state bordering. I think a united state may be possible, but perhaps the territory could be changed and in thinking how land and culture is viewed. So parts of the border area could be absorbed where possible, while the rest remains as a different state. I doubt a Finnish example could occur since Ireland has a government that functions, even if there is no real power sharing at the moment in the north.
How ever NI is still a thorn in England's side, that is colonialism at the end of the day.
I live in Southern England, and I'm not from the far side of the UK, or Irish.


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Christmas Eve Special 2019
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"Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas! from the pen of Stephen Moss. Partridges in pear trees, Colly Birds, large flocks of Turtle Doves and swans and geese – but where do all the other species come from? Stephen Moss uses his wit and wisdom to retrofit a bunch of birds to the Christmas carol and does it with quite some aplomb.
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In Gun Island, Amitav Ghosh, explores climate change and global migration, seeking insight from 16th and 17th century Italy, a time when "the rise of vast European empires setting up colonies around the world, disrupting Indigenous ways of life and setting the stage for global discontent and migration" signifies the starting point of climate change.
Here: Poems for the Planet, edited by Elizabeth J. Coleman, is a call for hope and action, on behalf of a planet in crisis. The poems in Here are introduced by His Holiness the Dalai Lama and followed by an activist guide written by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
"The night has captured our imaginations since the beginning of time. After all, half our lifetimes are spent in darkness, and when our instincts kick in and our more primitive senses are heightened, who knows what weird and wonderful stories will unearth themselves?" - 10 books that capture the world of night
The Night Sky app is a "planetarium in your pocket. Day or night, just aim your device skyward to see a live 3D map of the heavens, complete with beautifully illustrated constellations, stars, planets, and satellites."
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Labels: Astronomy, Birds, Books, Climate Change, Poetry, Wildlife
EcoSask News, December 17, 2019
Zero-Waste Gift Wrapping, Dec. 21 (Saskatoon)
Wrap your gifts with used gift wrap or cloth from 10 am-5:30 pm, Dec. 21.
Science Experiments, Dec. 27 (North Battleford)
Children ages 5-12 are invited to play with science from 2-3 pm, Dec. 27, in North Battleford.
Mindfulness Cross-Country Ski, Dec. 28 (Macdowall)
Enjoy a cross-country ski with the 306 Outdoor Tribe at Eb's Trails from 1-4 pm, Dec. 28.
Promoting Energy Efficiency, Jan. 8 (Saskatoon)
Dave Stevenson, Ministry of Environment, will discuss energy efficiency promotion in Saskatchewan at the Jan. 8 breakfast meeting of the Saskatchewan Energy Management Task Force.
Meadow Lake Tracks & Crafts, Jan. 11 (Meadow Lake)
Enjoy a guided snowshoe hike and craft from 1-3:30 pm, Jan. 11, at Meadow Lake Provincial Park.
Saskatoon Nature Society Field Trips
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The National Farmers Union's report on Tackling the Farm Crisis and the Climate Crisis: A Transformative Strategy for Canadian Farmers and Food Systems examines the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Canada as well as the opportunities that agriculture provides to become part of the solution.
The City of New York has passed a bill "that will update the building code with design and construction requirements aimed at making buildings safer for migratory birds. It will require exteriors on the lowest 75 feet of new buildings, and on any structure above a green roof, to have avian-friendly materials such as patterned glass that make transparent surfaces more visible to birds flying at full speed. The bill doesn't include a mandate to retrofit existing buildings, but requires any future renovations to comply with the standards, which are set to take effect in December 2020."
Alberta is building a wildlife overpass east of Canmore, the first outside Banff National Park, and adding an underpass in the Crowsnest Pass. The locations were chosen as being hot spots for collisions.
Boston plans to build a bridge that will ban single-occupancy cars and favour pedestrians and cyclists.
"Wildlife biologist and science communicator David Steen has taken the most common snake myths, tall tales and snake safety rules and applied real science to them in his wildly entertaining Secrets of Snakes: The Science Beyond the Myths." [book review]
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Labels: Agriculture, Birds, Children, Climate Change, Construction, Films, Macdowall, Meadow Lake, North Battleford, Saskatoon, Ski, Transportation, Urban, Waste, Wetlands, Wildlife, Winter
CPAWS-SK: Addressing Environmental Concerns from the Boreal Forest to the Prairie Grasslands
The Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) is a national environmental organization. Their vision is "to protect at least half of our public land and water so that future generations can experience Canada's irreplaceable wilderness."
CPAWS was founded in 1963 and has 13 community-based chapters as well as a national office in Ottawa. The Saskatchewan chapter was established in 1976 and was initially located in Prince Albert with a focus on sustainable forest management practices and the protection and conservation of woodland caribou. While those issues continue to be of great importance, CPAWS-SK has recently established staff and set up an office in Saskatoon to respond more effectively to issues affecting all parts of the province. Stewart Coles is the manager of operations and programs for southern Saskatchewan and outlined the work that CPAWS-SK is currently involved with.
Northern Initiatives
Canada's boreal forest is larger, wilder, and more intact than almost any other forest on earth. The greatest threat is human activity. CPAWS is a signatory on the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement, which brought forestry companies and environmental organizations together to collaborate on long-term land planning and management. It continues to sit at the table with a role of representing environmental and ecosystems perspectives when establishing forest management plans for northern Saskatchewan.
Woodland caribou are shy creatures that roam Canada's northern forests and wetlands; however, their numbers are in decline, suggesting that the entire boreal landscape is suffering. The Conservation Strategy for Boreal Woodland Caribou in Saskatchewan was finalized in 2014 and CPAWS-SK is assisting the province in obtaining a better understanding of woodland caribou ecology through its monitoring efforts. CPAWS-SK is currently active in the area north of Hudson Bay using cameras and on-site visits to report on caribou activity and habitat.
The Sturgeon River Plains Bison, the last wild Saskatchewan herd in their traditional habitat range, roam in and around Prince Albert National Park. Since 2005, when the herd numbered around 500, numbers have been in steep decline, due in part to overharvesting and an anthrax outbreak in 2008. Local First Nations recently held a Buffalo Treaty gathering, providing an opportunity for the local First Nations to take leadership in bison conservation and for youth to connect with the land and elders in rebuilding traditional relationships and hunting practices. CPAWS-SK was instrumental in helping Mistawasis Nêhiyawak First Nation to obtain funding through the Indigenous Guardians Program for this purpose and hopes to obtain additional funding from Patagonia to assist with this work.
Southern Initiatives
According to Nature Canada, "grasslands are the most endangered, the most altered, and least protected ecosystem on the planet." CPAWS-SK has been working closely with other provincial environmental organizations to advocate for the protection of Saskatchewan's remaining native grasslands. This has included writing letters and sharing its concerns with government and media about the need for a full environmental review of the proposed Saskatoon freeway through Saskatoon's Northeast Swale and the potential impact of the now approved Project Albany potash mine southeast of Regina.
The Quebec chapter of CPAWS recognized a need to protect natural urban areas and established a municipal fund for biodiversity, which has supported projects addressing climate change, connectivity, and protecting natural areas. CPAWS is now in the process of establishing similar pilot projects in Saskatoon, Edmonton, and Halifax. CPAWS-SK is working with the City of Saskatoon and Meewasin Valley Authority to establish the fund.The fund's primary focus would be to address climate change through nature-based solutions, such as protecting the Northeast Swale and other key nature corridors from further degradation, loss, and fragmentation.
Stew Coles and colleague, Sarah Schmid
CPAWS has historically emphasized advocacy and active involvement on the ground. Its advocacy initiatives have often gone unrecognized, so CPAWS-SK is making a concerted effort to improve its communications and reach out to involve the public. "We want to bring the public into the conversation and to help decision-makers make good decisions," explains Stewart Coles. "We're not against development, but decisions and endorsements must be made with the full facts and located in the appropriate places."
On a national level, CPAWS is collaborating with other environmental organizations on the Make Room For Nature campaign, encouraging Canadians to hold all levels of government to account for the promises they have made for nature. Global biodiversity is in steep decline, and it is clear Canadians want – and expect – more protection of Canada's wild and natural spaces.
CPAWS-SK is active on social media and has instituted a blog to share ideas more widely. They can be seen at various events throughout the summer months in Prince Albert, Saskatoon and Regina, including a booth at the University of Saskatchewan during orientation, where they hope to establish a CPAWS student society at the University of Saskatchewan.
CPAWS-SK has also developed several campaigns to raise public awareness and generate additional funds. Caribrew beer, made in partnership with Saskatoon's Prairie Sun Brewery is brewed with peat-smoked malt harvested in caribou country. They have also launched a haskap gin in partnership with Black Fox Farm & Distillery that incorporates haskap berries from boreal forests around the world.
You can contribute to CPAWS' work in protecting Canada's forests, lakes, rivers, wetlands, grasslands, and wilderness areas. Volunteer your time; sign a petition or call to action; make a donation. Visit their website and follow CPAWS-SK's activities on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
Photo credit: CPAWS-SK Facebook page
Stewardship: A Critical Role for Landowners (2012 interview with Gord Vaadeland, CPAWS-SK Executive Director, about the Sturgeon River Plains Bison)
Natural England: Working with Developers to Protect Wildlife and Natural Areas (2013 interview with Stewart Coles about his work experience in the UK)
Labels: Advocacy, Bison, Forest, Grasslands, Indigenous, Nature, Saskatchewan
Climate Strike Organizing, Dec. 12 (Regina)
Help plan future climate strikes in Regina from 5-7 pm, Dec. 12.
Pronghorn & Connectivity, Dec. 18 (webinar)
A webinar on pronghorn: a focal species for grassland connectivity will be offered at noon, Dec. 18, by the Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan.
Kalium Observatory, Feb. 3 (Regina)
Sign up before Feb. 1 for a visit with Nature Regina to the Kalium Observatory from 7-8:30 pm, Feb. 3, hosted by the Royal Astronomical Society Regina Centre.
Project Wild/Below Zero, Feb. 8 (Regina)
SaskOutdoors is offering a Project Wild/Below Zero workshop from 9:30 am-4 pm, Feb. 8, in Regina.
Maintaining grasslands near agricultural fields can boost crop production; improve biodiversity, soil health, and water quality; and support pollinators and predators that will control pests.
Lorne Scott, farmer-conservationist, confirms that agricultural drainage is destroying wildlife habitat.
"We often view mosquitoes as bloodsuckers that do nothing but make our lives miserable." However, "indiscriminate mass elimination of mosquitoes would impact everything from pollination to biomass transfer to food webs."
"Soil is a breathing, squirming, thriving, living thing. It gives back to its environment and helps it survive and thrive. That interconnection is important in a world where we are increasingly disconnected from nature." Do we lose that connection with soil-less agriculture?
Michigan's second-highest court has ruled that bottled water is not an essential public service or a public water supply, making it harder for Nestlé to privatize water.
"I looked down at the plastic chair I occupied and saw my gray stretchy corduroy pants, and I realized that both the chair and my clothing were made from the same raw material: oil. I looked at the carpet beneath my feet—it was also made of oil. . . . I had a sudden image of a wardrobe that would be made from natural fibers and dyes grown within a strategic area centered on where I lived."
"The most effective planning choices are not always the most popular." To reduce traffic congestion, you need to remove car lanes, restrict traffic, and improve public transit.
The world's first funerary human composting facility is slated to open in the spring of 2021 in Washington state.
Labels: Advocacy, Agriculture, Astronomy, Education, Grasslands, Insects, Oil, Regina, Soil, Transportation, Waste, Water, Wetlands
2019 Christmas Bird Counts in Saskatchewan
Join a century-old tradition by participating in one of the 2019 Christmas Bird Counts in Saskatchewan. No experience is necessary and it's a great way to learn about identifying birds as each count is led by an experienced birder. Organizers ask that you register as soon as possible.
Christmas bird counts are for all ages! Check out the Christmas Bird Counts for Kids in Regina, Saskatoon, and Yorkton (see below).
Dec. 14 – Clark's Crossing (Warman, Osler, Martensville, NE Swale), register online or call 647-390-6645
Dec. 14 – Craven & area, contact Chris Harris for details (306-569-5300, chrisgharris2013@gmail.com)
Dec. 14 – Shell Lake, contact Ryan Dudragne for details (306-520-4824, laniusludo@gmail.com)
Dec. 14 – Swift Current, contact Arnie Ens (arnie.ens@gmail.com)
Dec. 15 – Qu'Appelle Dam (Elbow, Douglas Park), register online or call 306-242-5383 or 306-652-5975
Dec. 16 – Gardiner Dam, register online or call 306-249-3280
Dec. 17 – Fort Qu'Appelle, call Keith at 306-332-3070
Dec. 21 – Borden/Radisson, register online or call 306-281-6996
Dec. 21 – Saltcoats & area, call Arden & Donna Bradford at 774-7730 or Gerri & Ron Knudsen at 744-2969, rgknudsen@sasktel.net
Dec. 26 – Saskatoon, register online or call 306-652-5975
Dec. 26 – Moose Jaw, call 306-690-6267
Dec. 28 – Regina, contact Brett Quiring for details (306-551-8729, bquiring@sasktel.net)
Jan. 4 – Balgonie, contact Brett Quiring for details (306-551-8729, bquiring@sasktel.net)
Jan. 4 – Pike Lake/ Whitecap, register online or call 306-956-3437
Christmas Bird Counts for Kids
Dec. 8, 2 pm – Yorkton – Ages 5-15 accompanied by an adult. Meet at the Tupper Avenue entrance to Logan Green. Bring binoculars if you have them and dress warmly.
Jan. 2, 9:45 am-3 pm – Saskatoon – Saskatoon Nature Society and Saskatoon Zoo Society are hosting a Christmas Bird Count for Kids at the Saskatoon Forestry Farm Park and Zoo. There will be 20-30 minute bird walks at the top of each hour. Further information available online or call 306-370-8839.
Jan. 4, 1-4 pm – Regina – Nature Saskatchewan is hosting a Christmas Bird Count for Kids at Wascana Centre. There will be a special visit from Loki, the crow, courtesy of Living Sky Wildlife Rehabilitation. Register early as spaces are limited (306-780-9481 or rmagnus@naturesask.ca).
Note: With thanks to Nature Regina, Nature Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Nature Society, Saskatoon Young Naturalists, and Yellowhead Flyway Birding Trail for the information they provided.
We'll update this list if we receive additional information.
Labels: Birds, Christmas, Fort Qu'Appelle, Outdoors, Regina, Saskatoon, Wildlife, Yorkton, Youth
EcoSask News, December 3, 2019
Woodland Caribou, Dec. 10 (Saskatoon)
Branden Neufeld will discuss his research into conserving Canada's woodland caribou at 7 pm, Dec. 10, as part of the Sustainable Speaker series.
Great Plains Toad, Dec. 12 (Saskatoon)
Learn about the natural history, distribution, and habitat of the great plains toad at the 7:30 pm, Dec. 12, meeting of Saskatoon Nature Society.
Nachos & Nature, Dec. 14 (Saskatoon)
Outdoor and environmental educators in the Saskatoon area are invited to a free nachos and nature social sponsored by SaskOutdoors from 2-4 pm, Dec. 14.
Around the Province
Battlefords Climate Action is a group of volunteers in North Battleford and area promoting action on the climate crisis. You can follow them on Facebook and Twitter.
The City of Regina is hosting Reimagine Conference 2020: Roadmap to Sustainable Cities from May 20-21. The City of Regina has targeted fully renewable city operations within the next 30 years. "This conference recognizes the importance of strategic partnerships with our energy and business sectors, community leaders, and fellow municipalities. We hope to attract delegates from all areas to learn how we can work together with mutual goals of becoming more renewable and sustainable."
A scientific article explains why small modular reactors may not be able to solve the problems confronting nuclear power. A second article agrees with Ann Coxworth, Saskatchewan Environmental Society, urging caution: "SMRs are not going to help in the next decade because they are just not available. By the time they turn up we can see if they are still cost effective or if renewable's have gone beyond."
Stop! Don't send that email. If you do, you will add to your carbon footprint.
If we want to conserve little brown bats, we need to stop evicting them from buildings. "The long-term viability of vulnerable species requires recognition of critical habitats," they write, "including those also occupied by humans."
They're still logging the Great Bear Rainforest, including very old, very large cedars.
"The stuff we consume — from food to knick-knacks — is responsible for up to 60 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and between 50 and 80 percent of total land, material, and water use."
Share the love without the stuff – an alternate gifting site that helps you create certificates for gifts of time or baking or shared experiences.
CPAWS Saskatchewan offers some excellent advice for keeping Christmas green.
Labels: Advocacy, Bats, Battlefords, Conferences, Consumption, Education, Energy, Nuclear, Regina, Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Wildlife
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"Be the change you want to see in the world." Mahatma Gandhi
EcoFriendly Sask strives to inform, encourage, and support Saskatchewan environmental initiatives. As a small, personal undertaking, we provide an online publication as well as grants to support local environmental projects. The Calendar page lists upcoming events, and we maintain the conversation on Twitter, or like our Facebook.
Individuals and organizations are encouraged to apply for grants of up to $500 to support local projects that will benefit the environment.
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text:
Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E
Hideaki Watanabe, Masahisa Nakada
Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E (1) has been achieved starting from the enantiopure key intermediate, which was prepared via the convergent approach developed by us. The crucial step in this synthesis is an intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the 1,2-migration of a benzoyl group within a compound that was rationally designed to prevent the retro-aldol reaction, thereby successfully providing the strained skeleton of 1. Considering the structure of a putative biosynthetic intermediate, striatal A, the intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the C4′ acetyl group could be involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This acyl group migratory ring-closing reaction could be applied to the synthesis of other strained molecules.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7102795
erinacine E
3-hydroxybutanal
Watanabe, H., & Nakada, M. (2008). Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(4), 1150-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7102795
Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E. / Watanabe, Hideaki; Nakada, Masahisa.
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, No. 4, 30.01.2008, p. 1150-1151.
Watanabe, H & Nakada, M 2008, 'Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 1150-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7102795
Watanabe H, Nakada M. Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2008 Jan 30;130(4):1150-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7102795
Watanabe, Hideaki ; Nakada, Masahisa. / Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2008 ; Vol. 130, No. 4. pp. 1150-1151.
@article{c332e144907048ffba1af0031b96a7b2,
title = "Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E",
abstract = "Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E (1) has been achieved starting from the enantiopure key intermediate, which was prepared via the convergent approach developed by us. The crucial step in this synthesis is an intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the 1,2-migration of a benzoyl group within a compound that was rationally designed to prevent the retro-aldol reaction, thereby successfully providing the strained skeleton of 1. Considering the structure of a putative biosynthetic intermediate, striatal A, the intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the C4′ acetyl group could be involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This acyl group migratory ring-closing reaction could be applied to the synthesis of other strained molecules.",
author = "Hideaki Watanabe and Masahisa Nakada",
doi = "10.1021/ja7102795",
journal = "Journal of the American Chemical Society",
T1 - Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E
AU - Watanabe, Hideaki
AU - Nakada, Masahisa
N2 - Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E (1) has been achieved starting from the enantiopure key intermediate, which was prepared via the convergent approach developed by us. The crucial step in this synthesis is an intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the 1,2-migration of a benzoyl group within a compound that was rationally designed to prevent the retro-aldol reaction, thereby successfully providing the strained skeleton of 1. Considering the structure of a putative biosynthetic intermediate, striatal A, the intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the C4′ acetyl group could be involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This acyl group migratory ring-closing reaction could be applied to the synthesis of other strained molecules.
AB - Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E (1) has been achieved starting from the enantiopure key intermediate, which was prepared via the convergent approach developed by us. The crucial step in this synthesis is an intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the 1,2-migration of a benzoyl group within a compound that was rationally designed to prevent the retro-aldol reaction, thereby successfully providing the strained skeleton of 1. Considering the structure of a putative biosynthetic intermediate, striatal A, the intramolecular aldol reaction driven by the C4′ acetyl group could be involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This acyl group migratory ring-closing reaction could be applied to the synthesis of other strained molecules.
U2 - 10.1021/ja7102795
DO - 10.1021/ja7102795
JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society
10.1021/ja7102795


text:
The Aspire family
About Spinal Cord Injury
Understanding Spinal Cord Injury
Helpful organisations
Living with Spinal Cord Injury
Your Fund
Stories of people we've helped
Ways to fundraise
Swimming blog
Fundraiser stories
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Andrew and Sam
I was with Sam in the ICU. I don't know what time it was, it was always dark in there, but he started mouthing something. He couldn't talk at the time, and I couldn't understand, and I watched him try again and again to make himself clear and then start crying. I just felt so hopeless. It turns out he was just desperately thirsty and wanted water.
My overriding memory of that time is of feeling powerless. My brother was in pain and there was nothing I could do. And my parents were in pain, and there was nothing I could do. Never have I wanted to do so much to help.
That first month was miserable. I gave up doing the things I enjoyed because if Sam was in pain, how could I justify enjoying myself? And anyway, how could I go off and play rugby, when to do so would only remind Sam that that was something that he couldn't do anymore. I'd be in the middle of class, and just burst into tears, but when friends tried to talk to me I'd tell them I was fine; it wouldn't be right to tell people I was struggling, because what was my struggle compared to Sam's? And I tried to hide my tears from my parents, pretended I was fine, because in a twisted way I thought that was what they needed and that I was helping. It was exhausting.
I'd been deliberately making myself miserable
At some point, I just felt like I needed to hit something so I went back to rugby. I dreaded telling Sam but he made it very clear that of course my playing rugby wasn't going to make him feel worse. And he helped me realise that because I'd been deliberately making myself miserable, I was miserable company. Sam's life had been thrown up in the air and changed. But he wanted to know that not everything had changed. I came to see that my role was being myself, being his brother, proving that life is the same and carries on. I wish someone early on had made me understand that Sam was still the same dry-witted, intelligent, caring, aggravating older brother he always was. Perhaps it was something that he needed to know too. And by being happy, not being exhausted and miserable, by being myself, I was doing good for both of us. That doesn't mean that the pain goes away, and I'd get times when the venom would rise up again, that deep guilt when I was off doing something that Sam can no longer do. Even now, I get those twinges of sadness in my centre when I see photos of Sam kicking a ball or of us out climbing - you have to recognise that those gut reactions aren't always right, realise that there's a difference between head and heart.
As the older brother, Sam had forbidden me from getting married - he said it would make him feel really old. But when I got engaged, I knew that there was no one I'd want up there at the front with me but him. When I asked him to be my best man, his reaction was typically, 'Oh no, I've been dreading this' but I know secretly that he's really happy to be asked. He'd never let me know that, of course, and I wouldn't have it any other way.
Go back to the stories
Published: 28th November, 2017
Updated: 1st December, 2017
Author: Hannah Wyatt
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Aspire's first Loch Lomond swim is a success!
Six swimmers successfully swam the length of Loch Lomond in a relay.
Santander get on their bikes to support Aspire
After choosing Aspire as charity of the year, 22 cyclists rode 500km across Europe.
From injury to going anywhere I want
Aspire's Welfare Benefits Advice helped John be able to go swimming and motorcycling
From injury to control of his life
Aspire's Welfare Benefits team helped Indeep receive benefits which give him more control over his life
How we support the 50,000 people living with Spinal Cord Injury in the UK
Contact details for Aspire and all of our services. We always welcome feedback, comments or drop in to us any time, day or night and we'll be happy to see you.
View current job vacancies at Aspire, a national charity providing practical help to people who have been paralysed by Spinal Cord Injury.
From the pool based Aspire Channel Swim to swimming the English Channel as part of a relay team, Aspire is known for its expertise in swimming events.
Aspire Grants
The Aspire Grants Programme is closed to new applications but Your Fund offers an alternative way to raise money to buy equipment.
Help with independent living
Our Independent Living Advisors provide advice and guidance to patients in Spinal Injury Centres
How Assistive Technology can help you
Aspire's Assistive Technology Programme enables everyone, regardless of the level of their spinal cord injury, to independently use a computer.
Our Housing Programme provides accessible properties for people with Spinal Cord Injury around the UK to be used on a short-term basis
Solent Swims 2019
Starting in Gosport, swim across the Solent escorted by RIBs (rigid inflatable boats) and kayaks
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Swim 22 miles between Dover and France in a team of six. Each swimmer will take it in turn to swim for an hour until they reach France
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For free legal advice call 0800 030 20 40
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text:
Handmade with love: Nepali takes grandma's socks to the world
Champa Devi Tuladhar's hand-knitted socks inspired her granddaughter to set up a crafts venture that not only sells such handmade products but also delves into the seldom-told lives of their mostly elderly female creators
Every winter, Lorina Sthapit and her cousins would warm their feet in woollen socks freshly knitted by their grandmother.
As the brightly coloured pairs stacked up in her cupboard, the 32-year-old felt inspired to share the creations with the world -- co-founding a crafts venture that not only sells such handmade products but also delves into the seldom-told lives of their mostly elderly female makers.
"Each product has a story and historical and cultural value. We want to keep their legacy and skills alive for the future," Sthapit told AFP.
"They grew up at a time when most things were handmade, not store-bought. So there is an amazing wealth of skills and experiences among people of that generation."
Aji's -- which means grandmother -- was founded in 2018 by Sthapit, her sister Irina and husband Pursarth Tuladhar, selling a variety of products including knitwear, blankets and jewellery.
Through podcasts and blogs, Sthapit and the makers' grandchildren take listeners and readers on a nostalgic journey through the lives of the elderly artisans.
The tales -- from being married at just eight-years-old, battling to be given an education and raising five children as a single mother in the patriarchal society -- shed light on Nepal's rich social and cultural history, but also its strict gendered social order.
- Sharing stories -
Born in Kathmandu in 1988, Sthapit found herself drawn to the Indian classical dance of Kathak -- derived from the Sanskrit word kathaka, or storyteller.
From just 18-years-old, she started to perform in national and international dance events.
The gender studies graduate then taught a course in women's empowerment at Nepal's first women's college Padma Kanya Multiple Campus.
A decade-long career in international development followed, including working for Oxfam and the United Nations' International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
She worked around the world from Uganda to Uzbekistan, but felt she wanted to make a difference in her home country.
Undaunted by the male-dominated start-up world, Sthapit quit her NGO job to work full-time on Aji's.
She slowly cultivated loyal customers who shared their love for the products with others, eventually drawing the attention of the wider public and international clients.
Aji's now has 30 elderly women and men working with them, using traditional Nepali techniques and materials. The crafts are sold at two stores in the Kathmandu valley and on the online marketplace Etsy.
The company works closely with makers' children or grandchildren, in an effort to help the families develop closer bonds.
Sthapit herself learnt that her grandmother was "more confident and bold than I thought".
"It was as if this side of her was hidden and she has now found recognition and uncovered her bolder confident self," she said.
- Empowering the elderly -
Sthapit found the social enterprise had another benefit -- it gave the artisans a sense of purpose.
When she first told her grandmother, Champa Devi Tuladhar, that her socks were being snapped up, the 77-year-old's eyes lit up.
"My grandmother really enjoys being busy and even forgets her joint pains when knitting," Sthapit said.
Parents traditionally live with their children in Nepal with the elderly discouraged from working and earning.
But ageing populations have forced a global shift in attitudes to those aged 65 and older -- in fashion catwalks have seen greater age diversity and models such as Jan de Villeneuve, and Elon Musk's mother Maye Musk, have made names for themselves as fashion stars in their 60s and 70s.
Businesses pay greater attention to so-called "grey dollar" and older consumers, while studies have shown keeping active boosts older people's physical and mental well-being.
Sthapit was emboldened by her grandmother's joy about how popular her socks had become.
"The excitement it brought in her life made me think of other grandparents who might enjoy creating things too," she said.
Tuladhar herself has become an evangelist for staying active.
"Old people say that you shouldn't work but I really enjoy working... and also tell others to get involved," Tuladhar told AFP.
Another craftswoman, Dil Hera Tuladhar, has sewn traditional blankets and shawls for years.
But for the first time, she's started earning from them.
"I had never made money in my life. It made me so happy and proud," the 85-year-old said.
For Sthapit, the venture has grown much bigger than she envisaged.
"We want to be able to help elders live a healthy, happy life, whether by promoting their creations... or sharing their stories.
"It just gives them a lot of joy... That's what drives us."
pm/grk/lto
Guatemalan soldiers blocked part of a caravan of as many as 9,000 Honduran migrants Saturday at a point not far from where they entered the country seeking to reach the U.S. border. The soldiers, many wearing helmets and wielding shields and sticks, formed ranks across a highway in Chiquimula, near the Honduras border, to block the procession of migrants. Guatemala's immigration agency distributed a video showing a couple of hundred men scuffling with soldiers, pushing and running through their lines, even as troops held hundreds more back.
In the week since a mob laid siege to the U.S. Capitol, the House has impeached President Donald Trump. Twitter and other social media sites have banned Trump and thousands of other accounts. Officer Eugene Goodman isn't saying whether he thinks he saved the Senate, as many of the millions who've viewed the video believe.
Swiss set to approve AstraZeneca COVID vaccine this month: NZZ
AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine could win Swiss regulatory approval as early as this month, the NZZ newspaper reported on Saturday, citing two unnamed sources. It said watchdog Swissmedic plans a meeting at the end of the month to sign off on the jab. "If everything proceeds in an exemplary manner and we get the necessary data soon, the next approval decision can come very quickly," the paper cited a Swissmedic spokesman as saying without giving a date.
At least two members of an Afghan militia opened fire on their fellow militiamen in the western Herat province, killing 12, in what provincial police on Saturday described as an insider attack. Herat police spokesman Abdul Ahad Walizada said the attackers fled with the slain militiamen's weapons and ammunition, adding that Afghan government forces had regained control of the area. A Taliban spokesman Yousaf Ahmadi in a tweet claimed responsibility for the insider attack, which took place late Friday.
'You are violating my rights!' Florida woman jailed — again — for refusing to wear a mask
Cindy Falco Dicorrado may have wanted a bagel at an Einstein Bros. Bagels near Boca Raton but she may have had to settle for eating one in a Palm Beach County jail the next morning.
Trump supporter sued after refusing to pay $100 bet over election results
A friendly $100 wager over the 2020 presidential election has landed in a Florida small claims court.
Canada's Trudeau embraces Biden in bid to turn page on Trump era
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's swift embrace of U.S. president-elect Joe Biden illustrates the degree to which Canada, one of America's closest allies, is looking forward to turning the page on the Donald Trump era. Trudeau was the first world leader to congratulate Biden when he was declared the winner of the November election, and now hopes to be the first - or one of the first - to meet with the new president after he takes office on Wednesday. "It's very much a tradition that the Canadian prime minister and the U.S. president meet very quickly to be able to talk about all the tremendous things that we can do together," Trudeau said in a Reuters interview on Thursday.
First, the soldiers stole their belongings. What sets these assaults in South Sudan apart from many other rapes by soldiers in the troubled country is this: The women brought the men to court and won. Ten years after South Sudan gained its independence and two years after its own deadly civil war ended, large-scale fighting has subsided but clashes continue between communities and between the government and groups that did not sign the peace deal — and the use of rape as a weapon remains rampant.
Bobby Bauer and a relative were identified among those who breached the Capitol after an unknown caller tipped off the FBI.
Pew: Biden to start presidency with strong performance ratings
Joe Biden will start his presidency next week with relatively strong performance ratings, according to a Pew Research Center survey. On the other hand: President Trump will leave the the White House with his lowest approval rating ever. Support safe, smart, sane journalism. Sign up for Axios Newsletters here. By the numbers: On Biden: * 64% of voters expressed a positive opinion of Biden's conduct since he won the November election, Pew found. * 58% of Americans approve of the job Biden has done in explaining his plans and policies. That compares to: * 39% of Americans who said they approved of how Trump explained his plans ahead of his inauguration in 2017. * 70% of people who said in January 2009 they approved of how former President Barack Obama explained his plans as president-elect. * 50% of Americans who said in January 2001 that they approved of how George W. Bush explained his plans. * 64% of Americans who said in January 1993 they approved of how Bill Clinton explained his plans. * 57% of Americans approve of Biden's Cabinet choices and other high-level appointments. On Trump: * 29% of Americans approve of Trump's job performance — the lowest approval rating of his presidency. * Pew notes that much of the decline has come among Republicans and GOP leaners. About 60% of Republicans currently approve of Trump's job performance, down from 77% in August. * 76% of American voters said they would rate Trump's conduct since the election as fair or poor, up from 68% in November. * 68% said Trump should not remain a political figure for years to come; 29% say he should. * 52% said Trump bears "a lot" of responsibility for the violence at the U.S. Capitol. * 81% of Democrats say he bears "a lot" of responsibility, while only 18% of Republicans said so. * 46% of Republicans say he bears no responsibility for the violence.Go deeper: GOP voters choose Trump — againPew methodology: The research center "surveyed 5,360 U.S. adults in January 2021. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP's methodology."Get smarter, faster with the news CEOs, entrepreneurs and top politicians read. Sign up for Axios Newsletters here.
U.S. pharmaceutical company Pfizer confirmed Friday it will temporarily reduce deliveries to Europe of its COVID-19 vaccine while it upgrades production capacity to 2 billion doses per year. The EU Commission chief said she'd immediately called Pfizer's CEO. Line Fedders, a spokeswoman for Pfizer Denmark, said that to meet the new 2 billion dose target Pfizer is upscaling production at its plant in Puurs, Belgium, which "presupposes adaptation of facilities and processes at the factory which requires new quality tests and approvals from the authorities."
Biden official accuses Trump administration of 'sabotage,' following a string of controversial foreign policy decisions in the final days of the presidency
Former Rep. Mickey Edwards says he's leaving the GOP because it has 'become a cult' under Trump: 'It's no longer a political party'
Iran fires long-range missiles into Indian Ocean in military drill: media
What we know about the laptop that was stolen from Nancy Pelosi's aide during the Capitol siege
Georgia prosecutor seriously considering a criminal investigation into Trump's election interference, report says
Germany: Merkel's party elects pragmatic Laschet as leader
Ted Cruz, who peddled election misinformation for weeks before the Capitol riot, plans to attend Biden's inauguration
What we know about season 3 of Netflix's 'The Umbrella Academy,' so far


text:
// VillageGen.h

// Declares the cVillageGen class representing the village generator

#pragma once

#include "GridStructGen.h"
#include "PrefabPiecePool.h"

// fwd:
class cVillagePiecePool;

class cVillageGen :
	public cGridStructGen
{
	typedef cGridStructGen super;
public:
	/** Creates a new instance of the generator with the specified parameters. */
	cVillageGen(
		int a_Seed,
		int a_GridSize,
		int a_MaxOffset,
		int a_MaxDepth,
		int a_MaxSize,
		int a_MinDensity, int a_MaxDensity,
		cBiomeGenPtr a_BiomeGen,
		cTerrainHeightGenPtr a_HeightGen,
		int a_SeaLevel,
		const AStringVector & a_PrefabsToLoad
	);

protected:
	class cVillage;  // fwd: VillageGen.cpp
	typedef std::vector<std::shared_ptr<cVillagePiecePool>> cVillagePiecePools;

	/** The noise used for generating random numbers */
	cNoise m_RandNoise;

	/** Maximum depth of the generator tree */
	int m_MaxDepth;

	/** Maximum size, in X / Z blocks, of the village (radius from the origin) */
	int m_MaxSize;

	/** Minimum density - percentage of allowed house connections. Range [0, 100] */
	int m_MinDensity;

	/** Maximum density - percentage of allowed house connections. Range [0, 100] */
	int m_MaxDensity;

	/** The underlying biome generator that defines whether the village is created or not */
	cBiomeGenPtr m_BiomeGen;

	/** The underlying height generator, used to position the prefabs crossing chunk borders */
	cTerrainHeightGenPtr m_HeightGen;

	/** All available prefab sets. Each village gets one of these chosen randomly. */
	cVillagePiecePools m_Pools;

	// cGridStructGen overrides:
	virtual cStructurePtr CreateStructure(int a_GridX, int a_GridZ, int a_OriginX, int a_OriginZ) override;
} ;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


My son's Social Security card one of his middle names from 7 letters to 4 letters, so it is not correct. Do I need to fill out a name change form, or does a Social Security card only allow a limited number of letters in the names thereon?
It does not matter if the middle name or suffix is included, omitted, or incorrectly shown on an SSN card.


Other Areas of mathematics such as Statistics, since the hypothesis of many statistical distributions makes you wonder if Statistics is math on drugs. Lactuca Virosa..
Latest Ginny Bakes Coupon Codes February 2019 16, shop for best quality apparel, shoes, computers, software and much more. Delicious Organic Cookies Try these special..
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You may be under the impression that you have to learn to live with crooked, discolored, or chipped teeth. You may think it's difficult to resolve these problems, but in reality they can be fixed with a simple procedure: Dental veneers.
Veneers, sometimes called laminates, are a thin layer of porcelain or resin that is bonded to the tops of teeth to improve their surfaces. Dental veneers can change the shape, color, and positioning of your teeth. In some cases, they can even be used to restore the structure of teeth.
Veneers improve your smile and require very little (if any) removal of tooth structure. For this reason, dental veneers are one of the more conservative cosmetic dental treatments. The porcelain is bonded to your teeth and provides a very strong surface.
If veneers sound like a good fit you, you should make an appointment at Lone Tree Modern Dental. Our staff includes experienced and passionate cosmetic dentists providing the best veneers in Lone Tree, CO. To discuss your best course of treatment, call us at 720-943-2153 or fill out our online appointment form. We do our best to offer flexible scheduling to accommodate even the busiest schedules.


Fostering means taking an animal into your home for a few weeks and loving them like they were your own. We normally do this for animals scheduled for transport and those with special needs. We also occasionally need foster homes for moms and babies – a home environment is much more peaceful and a great place to start new lives off right. The shelter does supply all needs of the foster animal (Food, Crate, and all medical needs of the foster) A home check will be done before releasing to foster and you must fill out the foster application and agreement. Have more questions about fostering? Contact rescue/foster coordinator by emailing rescue@tupeloleehumane.org.
We'd love to hear from you, please fill out the form below or call 662-205-4421.
$85.00 covers the fees for one dog and $65.00 covers the fees for one cat to go to a rescue group. If you would like to donate to the Save A Life Sponsorship you can either donate online (please specify save a life in the comment section), bring your donation in person (2400 South Gloster St. Tupelo, MS 38801), mail your donation to the shelter (TLHS C/O: Save A Life Fund P.O. Box 1185 Tupelo, MS 38802) or call 662-205-4421 to make a donation by phone.
Any amount donated to our "Angel Fund" is greatly appreciated. You can either donate online (please specify angel fund in the comment section), bring your donation in person (2400 South Gloster St. Tupelo, MS 38801), mail your donation to the shelter (TLHS C/O: Angel Fund P.O. Box 1185 Tupelo, MS 38802) or call 662-205-4421 to make a donation by phone.


text:
Why Precious Metals Have Become More Appealing
By Amrith RamkumarWSJ
Mon., Sept. 30, 2019timer3 min. read
This article is part of the Journal's quarterly markets review, "Investing in a Low-Yield World."
Unlike stocks and bonds, precious metals don't give investors any income simply for holding them. So why were they among the market's best performers in the third quarter?
The reason: In a world of falling—or outright negative—yields, nervous investors seeking havens are less likely to miss out on returns from bonds if they put money into gold or silver.
That eliminates the major trade-off that typically confronts those interested in owning gold: It offers no yield at all.
That declining opportunity cost is why trillions of dollars of negative-yielding debt around the world and sharp declines in Treasury yields in the U.S. have sparked a rally in precious metals. The price of silver rose 11% in the third quarter, while platinum rallied about 6%. Gold advanced 4% in the quarter and is now up 15% for the year, headed toward its biggest annual gain since 2010.
The sudden allure of precious metals highlights the turbulence of this year's third quarter, in which stocks, bonds and other assets swung wildly as investors weighed the latest developments in the U.S.-China trade war. Stocks recovered from a turbulent August to creep back toward records in September, while bond yields, which move inversely to prices, stabilized after approaching record lows earlier in the month.
Precious metals pared much of their third-quarter advance late in the period as the dollar rose, making commodities denominated in the U.S. currency more expensive for overseas buyers.
Still, the surge in metals prices has spilled over to exchange-traded funds that track the sector such as the SPDR Gold Trust and iShares Silver Trust and lifted shares of producers, many of which logged double-digit percentage gains for the quarter. The VanEck Vectors Gold Miners ETF advanced about 4.5% for the quarter to bring its advance for the past year to 44%, while Barrick Gold Corp. logged a 10% quarterly gain and First Majestic Silver Corp. rallied 16%.
ETFs and shares of producers are the main ways many investors can gain exposure to the sector, since they are less complex than trading commodity futures.
They have become even more popular as investors have piled into bonds to protect against a much weaker economic environment and a drop in stocks. Bond yields fall as prices rise.
Although the surge in bonds and precious metals reversed in September as recession fears waned and stocks stabilized, some analysts expect further gains ahead as the trade war rages on. "There's potentially a little more fuel to the upside if we do get a sudden, dramatic escalation in the trade war," said Tai Wong, head of base and precious metals derivatives trading at Bank of Montreal.
Front-month gold futures finished the quarter at $1,465.70 a troy ounce, 5.5% below their six-year high from early September. Silver is at $16.450, also below its recent multiyear peak, while platinum trades at $883.40.
The gains have come as manufacturing data around the globe signal a sharp slowdown in factory activity. Organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development recently cut their projections for global growth in 2019.
Many analysts expect moves in the bond market to continue dictating momentum in precious metals. Some expect steady buying around coming trade talks and are skeptical the recent recovery in bond yields and risky assets will last.
"It's still a very recent shift in sentiment," said Anwiti Bahuguna, senior portfolio manager and head of multiasset strategy at Columbia Threadneedle Investments, which has maintained its investments in gold recently. "It's promising, so we're watching it, but there is no reason to take off hedges at this point."
At the same time, some analysts are hopeful that steady U.S. consumer spending and a U.S.-China ceasefire on tariffs will power stocks to new records, threatening the metals rally. Lower interest rates around the world also could spur a pickup in economic activity, potentially limiting further gains in haven metals.
Another reason some analysts think the rally could stall is that the dollar has remained steady as growth in the U.S. has outpaced the rest of the world. The WSJ Dollar Index, which tracks the dollar against a basket of 16 other currencies, is around its highest level since March 2017.
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But for now, some investors are maintaining their bets on gold and silver as geopolitical uncertainty lingers. "We're big fans of both as havens and more of a fan of silver than gold" because of its many industrial applications, said Ed Cofrancesco, president and CEO of International Assets Advisory.
Write to Amrith Ramkumar at amrith.ramkumar@wsj.com


A three-day music festival in mid-June that's building a big reputation – line-ups rival the legendary Roskilde Festival.
Inaugurated in summer 2017, this is a new international contemporary art exhibition to be presented every three years. It is curated by ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum and staged in various parts of the city.
This annual event, held in May, showcases up-and-coming Danish and Nordic musical talent, in and around Musikhuset.
This week-long jazz celebration in mid-July sees big-name local and international acts doing their thing in various theatres, cafes and squares.


No matter what your great startup idea is, eventually there's one thing that has to happen – you have to sell.
One frustrating thing that I've observed about Irish startups is the 'green is greener' scenario that they often fall into. When they hit obstacles in terms of sales, the instant reaction is to blame outside forces. They assume that they're selling right, just in the wrong place, so they up everything and head stateside. This is where startups go really wrong. If you can't kick a ball in the local five-a-side game, why in God's name would you think you can score goals in the Premier League?
The United States of Selling would be, on reflection, a better name for the land mass that sits between Mexico and Canada. Nowhere on earth will you find a more professional, more competitive sales process than in the USA. And yet somehow startups think they can roll into town and their sales worries will all be over. When they arrive, they learn the hardest, most expensive lesson of their lives.
It's not where you sell, it's how you sell.
You have to understand the sales process, the actual process, not that imaginary thing you have in your head where every time a customer has a choice, they pick the one that favours you.
The first part of any sales process should be identifying customers who actually have the problem that you actually solve. Usually this is the first place startups go wrong. They try to sell to big, general markets hoping that they'll get lucky instead of picking smaller niches to start with where they can more closely match their offering to the problem that their customers are looking to solve.
The second part of any process is getting the attention of the customer and getting them excited about your solution. Marketing has a big part to play here, but again, life is just so much easier if you're actually talking to the people with the right product/market fit for the solution you provide.
The third part of the process is the one the really smart sales people understand. Sales are all about one thing, really – removing objections. If you're marketing the right solution to the right customer and the proposition and value are right for them, then the only thing left to do is remove the reasons that they're hesitant to write that cheque.
And four – yes, there's a fourth part of the process that's often forgotten. Don't count your chickens before they hatch. Much like investment, a 'Yes' doesn't instantly put cash in your bank account. One of the biggest issues in selling to big business is that even once the deal is done there's usually a pile of legal paperwork, security clearance and procurement matters to resolve before that cash is released. Make sure your sales projections and pipelines take this all into account. In most cases this is the longest part of the sale process.
At Teamwork.com, 70%-ish of our 370,000+ customers are US companies and we've never really set foot there from a selling perspective. Over 99% of our business is international, we actually have a tiny footprint of customers in Ireland. We've built a different kind of sales model focused on customer happiness that's worked out pretty well for us, so we don't actually employ any salespeople at Teamwork but are still extremely conscious of the process. We interact daily with our US customers, take conference calls, run demos, etc., but we do so from our happy little home in Cork (which suits us just fine for now).
The USA is a great place to do business and, for the majority of businesses, will be the home of their largest customers. Just make sure if you're heading there to keep your eyes open and go for the right reasons, and not solely because of its 'promised land' status.
Finding a decent, US-based salesperson is almost as hard as finding your first investor. You'll need help doing it. Remember, you're dealing with salespeople. Of course they sound good on paper and good in the interview. They're selling themselves to you! Personal recommendations from someone you know and trust are vital. You'll more than likely have to involve a recruiter in the process. Start with Fergall Kenny, Ireland's man on the ground in New York City. Most of Ireland's startup success stories have found their key US people through him.
Whatever a salesperson is costing you in Ireland, double or triple it for the USA. It will probably cost nothing less than six figures basic for anyone half decent, plus the full US package of healthcare, pension, etc. Add equity or some sort of stock package. A Sales Manager will almost certainly want a cut of every salesperson working under him or her as well. On top of that, account for the fact that whatever they make in salary, they'll expect the same in bonuses, not negotiable. And probably paid every month, not once a year, so make sure you're flush with cash.
The good salespeople rarely work alone. They're often closers, not prospectors. When they arrive to work, they want all the meetings set-up and ready for them, with full briefs on all the information they need to close the deal. That means you need a fully functional sales team – for every sales person, you probably need a sales associate running down leads, setting up meetings, etc.
Now if you've been adding up all that cost on a nearly napkin and it still sounds good, congratulations! You're probably at the stage you need to be at to financially to consider a US based base of operations. If it scares the hell out of you, keep working on your process and sell to the USA from Ireland. Make sure you check out the awesome US Playbook recently released by Frontline Ventures for a brilliant guide to all the issues you're going to hit when you start thinking of heading stateside.
Final thought – if Ireland is really such a hard place to sell from, please explain why some of the world's biggest and most successful technology companies have based their sales teams here. We're not back in the era of door to door sales. Nearly all selling now is done via phone or conference calls. Sure, the occasional face-to-face meeting is sometimes required for larger deals, but a smart, efficient, effective sales process tries to avoid them at all costs.
Google, Twitter, Facebook and AirBnB all sell internationally from Dublin. Why can't you?
DC Cahalane is an advisor to the Sales Accelerator being run in Dublin as part of the Newstalk Startup Executive Program in Q4 2015. The first open call for applications from the Commissioner for Startups office will happen in late September.
. he doesn't have any spare time.


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EU Leader Hopes COVID-19 Vaccinations Start in December
By NDT Bureau December 2, 2020 December 2, 2020
The European Union said Tuesday it could be vaccinating citizens against COVID-19 by the end of the month if medical officials grant emergency approval of two vaccines candidates.
European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen told reporters in Brussels EU member states are working on logistics for the distribution of millions of doses of COVID-19 vaccine and if all goes well, she said, "the first European citizens would be vaccinated by the end of December."
Her comments came as U.S. pharmaceutical company Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech announced they have applied for conditional approval of their coronavirus vaccine with the European Medicines Agency. The companies said in a statement that the submission on Monday completes the rolling review process they initiated with the agency on October 6.
The move comes a day after another U.S company, Moderna said it was asking U.S. and European regulators to allow emergency use of its COVID-19 vaccine. Both companies applied with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency approval in November.
In a statement, the European Medicines Agency said it would convene a meeting on December 29 to decide if there is enough data about the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech for it to be approved.
The agency also said Tuesday it could decide as early as January 12 whether to approve a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Moderna.
Last week, the EU said it had signed deals to acquire more than a billion doses of a total of six potential vaccines, including the two currently being considered for approval in Europe.
Most European Governments to Ease Pandemic Rules Over Christmas Holiday, But Fearfully
Ghana's Essential Workers Vote Early Ahead of Next Monday's National Election
Greek Workers Join General Strike as End of Bailout Looms
Editor May 30, 2018
Russia: Pussy Riot activist may have medicine poisoning
Editor September 14, 2018
2019 May Be Deadliest Year for Migrants in Americas, UN Agency Says
Editor November 16, 2019 November 16, 2019


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Bruce Lee >
Bruce Lee's Daughter Developing New Biopic
By WENN in Movies / TV / Theatre on 02 March 2015
Follow Bruce Lee
Picture: Bruce Lee with his son Brandon Lee and wife Linda Lee USA - Circa 1966
Bruce Lee's daughter has signed on to produce a new biopic about the martial arts movie legend, marking the first project to be made with the family's full involvement.
Shannon Lee, under her company Bruce Lee Entertainment, has teamed with producers Lawrence Grey and Janet Yang to make the as-yet-untitled film about her movie star dad.
She says in a statement, "There have been projects out there involving my father, but they've lacked a complete understanding of his philosophies and artistry.
"They haven't captured the essence of his beliefs in martial arts or storytelling. The only way to get audiences to understand the depth and uniqueness of my father is to generate our own material and find amazing, like-minded partners to work with... Many don't know that Bruce Lee was also a prolific writer and a creator of his own unique art and philosophy. That's what we want to show - not just his kick-a** physicality, but the depth of his character and beliefs."
Shannon and her production company are also developing a Tv series based on original ideas and materials by her father with Fast & Furious 6 director Justin Lin, as well as a reality Tv show for China with Keanu Reeves.
Enter the Dragon star Lee died in 1973 at the age of 32 following an adverse reaction to a painkiller.
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Comprehensively documenting Bruce Lee's life, work and philosophy, this engaging doc is packed with terrific...


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Tag Archives: The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
Measurably fewer nanoparticles in São Paulo's (Brazil) air after ethanol use
An Aug. 28, 2017 news item on Nanotechnology Now features news about nanoparticles and the environment in São Paulo, Brazil,
When ethanol prices at the pump rise for whatever reason, it becomes economically advantageous for drivers of dual-fuel vehicles to fill up with gasoline. However, the health of the entire population pays a high price: substitution of gasoline for ethanol leads to a 30% increase in the atmospheric concentration of ultrafine particulate matter, which consists of particles with a diameter of less than 50 nanometers (nm).
An Aug. 23, 2017 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (The São Paulo Research Foundation [FAPESP]) press release, which originated the news item, explains further,
The phenomenon was detected in São Paulo City, Brazil, in a study supported by FAPESP and published in July 2017 in Nature Communications.
"These polluting nanoparticles are so tiny that they behave like gas molecules. When inhaled, they can penetrate the respiratory system's defensive barriers and reach the pulmonary alveoli, so that potentially toxic substances enter the bloodstream and may increase the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular problems," said Paulo Artaxo, Full Professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP) and a co-author of the study.
Levels of ultrafine particulate matter in the atmosphere are neither monitored nor regulated by environmental agencies not only in Brazil but practically anywhere in the world, according to Artaxo. The São Paulo State Environmental Corporation (CETESB), for example, routinely monitors only solid particles with diameters of 10,000 nm (PM10) and 2,500 nm (PM2.5) – as well as other gaseous pollutants such as ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
"Between 75% and 80% of the mass of the nanoparticles we measured in this study corresponds to organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles – carbon in different chemical forms. What these compounds are exactly and how they affect health are questions that require further research," Artaxo said.
He added that a consensus is forming in the United States and Europe based on recent research indicating that these emissions are a potential health hazard and should be regulated. Several US states, such as California, have laws requiring a 20%-30% ethanol blend in gasoline, which also helps reduce emissions of ultrafine particulate matter.
The data analyzed in the study were collected during the period of January-May 2011, when ethanol prices fluctuated sharply compared with gasoline prices, owing to macroeconomic factors such as variations in the international price of sugar (Brazilian ethanol is made from sugarcane).
Collection was performed at the top of a ten-story building belonging to IF-USP in the western part of São Paulo City. According to Artaxo, the site was chosen because it is relatively distant from the main traffic thoroughfares so that the aerosols there are "older" in the sense that they have already interacted with other substances present in the atmosphere.
"Generally speaking, the pollution we inhale every day at home or at work isn't what comes out of vehicular exhaust pipes but particles already processed in the atmosphere," he explained. "For this reason, we chose a site that isn't directly impacted by primary vehicle emissions."
The study was conducted during Joel Ferreira de Brito's postdoctoral research, which Artaxo supervised. The model used to analyze the data was developed by Brazilian economist Alberto Salvo, a professor at the National University of Singapore and first author of the article. Franz Geiger, a chemist at Northwestern University in the US, also collaborated.
"We adapted a sophisticated statistical model originally developed for economic analysis and used here for the first time to analyze the chemistry of atmospheric nanoparticles," Artaxo said. "The main strength of this tool is that it can work with a large number of variables, such as the presence or absence of rainfall, wind direction, traffic intensity, and levels of ozone, carbon monoxide and other pollutants."
Analyses were performed before, during and after a sharp fluctuation in ethanol prices leading consumers to switch motor fuels in São Paulo City. While no significant changes were detected in levels of inhalable fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), the study proved in a real, day-to-day situation that choosing ethanol reduces emissions of ultrafine particles. To date, this phenomenon had only been observed in the laboratory.
"These results reinforce the need for public policies to encourage the use of biofuels, as they clearly show that the public lose in health what they save at the pump when opting for gasoline," Artaxo said.
In São Paulo, a city with 7 million motor vehicles and the largest urban fleet of flexible-fuel cars, it would be feasible to run all buses on biofuel. "We have the technology for this in Brazil – and at a competitive price," he said.
The fact that the city's bus fleet still depends on diesel, Artaxo warned, creates an even worse health hazard in the shape of emissions of black carbon, one of the main components of soot and a pollutant that contributes to global warming. Alongside electricity generation, the transportation sector is the largest emitter of pollutants produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
For Artaxo, incentives for electric, hybrid or biofuel vehicles are vital to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. "By incentivizing biofuels, we could solve several problems at once," he said. "We could combat climate change, reduce harm to health and foster advances in automotive technology by offering a stimulus for auto makers to develop more economical and efficient cars fueled by ethanol."
Reduced ultrafine particle levels in São Paulo's atmosphere during shifts from gasoline to ethanol use by Alberto Salvo, Joel Brito, Paulo Artaxo, & Franz M. Geiger. Nature Communications 8, Article number: 77 (2017) doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00041-5 Published online: 18 July 2017
This paper is open access.
This entry was posted in environment, nanotechnology, risk and tagged Alberto Salvo, automobiles, biofuel, black carbon, Brazil, cars, ethanol, fossil fuels, Franz Geiger, Franz M. Geiger, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), gasoline, Joel Brito, Joel Ferreira de Brito, nanoparticles, Northwestern University, Paulo Artaxo, pulmonary alveoli, Reduced ultrafine particle levels in São Paulo's atmosphere during shifts from gasoline to ethanol use, respiratory system, São Paulo City, sugar (Brazilian ethanol), The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), ultrafine particulate matter, US on September 20, 2017 by Maryse de la Giroday.


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world war ii era (1940-1946) (98)
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university of north carolina at greensboro (93)
united states. army -- women (68)
post-vietnam, panama, grenada (1975-1989) (59)
united states. navy -- women (46)
gulf war (1990-2000) (41)
united states -- history -- 1969- (31)
navy -- waves (30)
army -- wac (28)
oh002 uncg institutional memory collection (37)
oh003 uncg centennial oral history project (26)
oh001 greensboro voices collection (21)
wv0277 barbara a. kucharczyk papers, 1977-2003 (21)
north carolina runaway slave advertisements digital collection (20)
ua9.2 school of music performances -- programs and recordings, 1917-2007 (18)
government documents collection (uncg university libraries) (17)
rl.00207 william henry chafe oral history collection (14)
wv0574 denise dibetta mathis champion papers (9)
home economics pamphlets collection [general] (8)
university of north carolina at greensboro. school of music, theatre and dance (18)
reeves, jean holdridge (4)
guilford horn (3)
boyte, janet chatten (2)
clark, joann m. (2)
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: Afterwards
Oral History interview with Bridgid Kathleen MacSeόin
WV0605 Bridgid Kathleen MacSeόin Oral History
Primarily documents the life of Bridgid Kathleen MacSeόin and her service with the United States Air Force.
MacSeόin recalls her childhood as a military dependent, and the effect that moving so often throughout her childhood had on her....
Oral history interview with Mary Lewis Harris Reed, 1976 [text/print transcript]
OH007 UNCG Alumni Association Oral History Program Collection, 1972-1979;
Mary Lewis Harris Reed (1876-1977) graduated in 1894 from the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial School, now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Reed discusses the academic life, the social life, the original faculty and...
Oral history interview with Bertha Sligh B. Barwikowski, 2000
WV0188 Bertha Barwikowski Papers
Barwikowski primarily discusses her experiences in the Women's Army Corps (WAC) and her personal life following the war.
Barwikowski discusses her ethnic heritage and her Polish ancestors. She then describes her experience in the WAC,...
Oral history interview with Linda L. Bray, 2008
WV0432 Linda L. Bray Papers
Oral history primarily documents Linda Bray's service in the U.S. Army, particularly as the first woman to lead troops into combat.
Bray briefly discusses her childhood. She goes on to talk about her reasons for joining the military and her...
Oral history interview with Andree Fifield, 1999
WV0070 Andree Fifield Papers
Interview documents Andrée B. Fifield's early life; secretarial work in the U.S. Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) during World War II, and her marriage to Donald Fifield.
Fifield describes her life before the...
Oral history interview with Anita Keller, 2000
WV0140 Anita M. Keller Papers
Primarily documents Anita May Keller's life in Washington, D.C.; her experiences in the Air Transport Command and Signal Corps during World War II; and her thoughts on the Vietnam War.
Keller describes her enjoyment of high school; the...
Oral history interview with Ann Kaplowitz Goldberg, 2000
WV0142 Ann Kaplowitz Goldberg Papers
Documents Ann Kaplowitz Goldberg's early life in Brooklyn, New York; her military service during World War II; and her family and personal life after the war.
Goldberg discusses various aspects of her military service, including her...
Oral history interview with Helen Black, 2002
WV0270 Helen Doyle Black Oral History
Primarily documents Helen Dorothy Doyle Black's service in the U.S. Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) from 1942 to 1946.
Black briefly discusses her early life, her father and uncle's service as seamen in WWI,...
Oral history interview with Sheila K. Smith, 2005
WV0317 Sheila K. Smith Papers
Primarily documents Sheila K. Rathbone Smith's service with the British Women's Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1942 to 1946 and her post-war modeling career in England.
Smith discusses her service in the RAF with a detailed description of the...
Oral history interview with Elizabeth Laizner by Eugene Pfaff
OH001 Greensboro Voices Collection
In this transcript of a June 19, 1979, oral history interview conducted by Eugene Pfaff with Elizabeth Laizner, Laizner provides details concerning formation of CORE, including the primary figures involved and their roles. She describes in detail...
Oral history interview with Eugenia Seaman Marks, 2007 [text/print transcript]
OH002 UNCG Institutional Memory Collection
Eugenia Seaman Marks (1940 - ) was a student at the Woman's College, now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, from 1958 to 1961. She participated in the Greensboro Sit-ins in February 1960. Marks discusses campus life while she was a...
Oral history interview with Marilyn Lott, 2010 [text/print transcript]
Marilyn Lott (1938- ) graduated in 1962 from Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. After graduating, she taught school and worked as a computer programmer for several companies in...
Oral history interview with Margaret Patterson Horton, 2012 [text/print transcript]
Margaret Patterson Horton (1939- ) graduated in 1961 from Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. After graduating, she was a teacher, master teacher supervisor, and workshop...
Oral history interview with Eugene E. Pfaff, 1990 [text/print transcript]
OH003 UNCG Centennial Oral History Project
Eugene Pfaff (1913-91) was a professor in the Department of History at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), formerly the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, for forty-one year from 1936 until his retirement in...
Oral history interview with Helen Bonner Eshelman, 1999
WV0039 Helen Bonner Eshelman Papers
Documents Helen Bonner Eshelman's education at the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina (WC, now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, UNCG) during the Depression; her service in the South Pacific as a dietitian for the...
Oral history interview with Charlesanna L. Fox, 1999
WV0049 Charlesanna L. Fox Papers, 1942-1947, 1999, 2008
Charlesanna Fox primarily discusses her time at the North Carolina College for Women (NCCW) in the late 1920s and her work at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in the Navy Library Service from 1942 until 1947.
Fox...
Oral history interview with Julia "Judy" Houk Cooley
WV0452 Julia 'Judy' Houk Cooley Papers
Primarily documents the service of Judy Cooley in the United States Navy Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service [WAVES] during World War II as a radio operator.
Cooley tells of growing up in the rural area of Edmonton, New York, her...
Oral history interview with Eleanor Steinhebel Gurney, 1999
WV0131 Eleanor Steinhebel Gurney Papers
Primarily documents Eleanor Steinhebel Gurney's memories of growing up during World War II; her experiences in boot camp at Parris Island, South Carolina; and her married life, particularly after her husband, also a Marine, was diagnosed with...
Oral history interview with Virginia Russell Reavis, 2000
WV0183 Virginia Russell Reavis Papers
Primarily documents Virginia Russell Reavis' service in Europe with the Army Air Forces' 810th Medical Air Evacuation Squadron during World War II and her nursing career and personal life following the war."
Discussion of Reavis' early...
Oral history interview with Maude Middleton, 2003
WV0272 Maude Middleton Papers
Primarily documents Maude Middleton's education and service as an army dietitian from 1945 to 1947.
Middleton discusses her years at Woman's College [now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro] including the faculty, social events,...