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Tag: chokeholds
Minnesota Legislature Adopts Significant Police Reform
Early this morning, July 21, the Minnesota Legislature in Special Session adopted a significant police reform bill, the Minnesota Police Accountability Act. Just before midnight, the House did so, 102-29, and the Senate did the same a few hours later, 60-7 and sent the bill to Governor Tim Walz for his promised signature.[1]
Summary of the Act[2]
The House's Research Memo about the Act listed the following provisions:
"Critical incident stress management teams and public safety peer counseling.
Investigatory reform.
Police residency reform.
Banning chokeholds and certain neck restraints.
Use of force reform.
Use of force reporting.
POST Board reform and citizen engagement.
Prohibiting warrior-style training.
POST Board model policies.
Mental health and crisis intervention training.
Mandatory autism training.
Requiring the duty to intervene and report.
Arbitration reform.
Peace officer training assistance funding extension."
Here are that Research Memo's summaries of some of these provisions in light of issues raised by the police killing of George Floyd on February 25th.
Prohibiting Chokeholds and Certain Neck Restraints (sections 7 and 8). "Prohibits a peace officer from using [chokeholds and] certain neck restraints, unless section 609.066 authorizes the use of deadly force to protect the peace officer or another from death or great bodily harm. With the exception described above, officers will no longer be able to use chokeholds, they will not be able to tie all of the person's limbs together behind the person's back to render the person immobile, and they cannot secure a person in any way that results in transporting the person face down in a vehicle. The only time a peace officer can restrict free movement of a person's neck or head is to protect the peace officer or another from imminent harm. For the purposes of this section, chokeholds are defined as "a method by which a person applies sufficient pressure to a person to make breathing difficult or impossible, and includes but is not limited to any pressure to the neck, throat, or windpipe that may prevent or hinder breathing, or reduce the intake of air." It also means, "applying pressure to a person's neck on either side of the windpipe, but not to the windpipe itself, to stop the flow of blood to the brain via the carotid arteries."
Prohibiting Warrior-Style Training (Section 12). "Prohibits the use of warrior-style training by law enforcement. It also states that the POST [Board of Police Officer Standards and Training] may not certify a continuing education course that includes warrior-style training; the Board may not grant continuing education credit to a peace officer for a course that includes warrior-style training; and the Board may not reimburse a law enforcement agency or a peace officer for a course that includes warrior-style training. Warrior-style training is defined in . . . this section as training for peace officers that dehumanizes people or encourages aggressive conduct by peace officers during encounters with others in a manner that deemphasizes the value of human life or constitutional rights, the result of which increases a peace officer's likelihood or willingness to use deadly force."
Requiring the Duty To Intervene and Report (Section 21). "This section lays out that peace officers, regardless of tenure or rank, must intercede when (1) present and observing another peace officer using force, in violation of MS, Section 609.066, Subd. 2, or otherwise beyond that which is objectively reasonable under the circumstance to prevent the use of unreasonable force; and (2) is physically and verbally in a position to do so. Lastly, this section establishes a duty to report excessive use of force incidents in writing to the chief law enforcement officer of the agency that employs the reporting officer and provides that failure to comply with either duty is grounds for POST Board discipline under the Board's rules."
Police Residency Reform (Section 6). "This section allows cities or counties to offer incentives to encourage a person hired as an officer to be a resident of that city or county. . . ."
Arbitration reform (Sections 22 and 24). "This section modifies how, and which arbitrators are used in peace officer grievance arbitration by establishing an arbitrator selection procedure. These changes apply to all peace officer grievance arbitrations for written disciplinary action, discharge, or termination, and must be included in the grievance procedure for all collective bargaining agreements covering peace officers negotiated on or after the enactment date."
'Once a peace officer grievance is filed, the Bureau of Mediation Services assigns or appoints an arbitrator from the roster, on a rotation through the roster alphabetically ordered by last name. All parties involved cannot be involved in selecting the arbitrator. The arbitrator or panel will decide the grievance, and the decision is binding subject to provisions of the Uniform Arbitration Act (Ch. 572B). The changes made to the arbitration process in this section only applies to peace officer grievances and do not apply to other public employees. Peace officers cannot agree to a collective bargaining agreement or grievance arbitration selection procedure that is not consistent with the changes in this section."
"The Bureau of Mediation Services, . . .in consultation with community and law enforcement stakeholders, is required to appoint a roster of at least 6 qualified arbitrators. Any arbitrator seeking appointment to this roster must complete six hours of training in culture competency, racism, implicit bias, and recognize the value in community diversity and cultural differences. They will also be required complete six hours of training related to daily experiences of police officers The Bureau of Mediation Services may adopt rules establishing training requirements for the pool of arbitrators."
Other Provisions. The Act also improves data collection around deadly force encounters, creates a new state unit to investigate those cases, and boosts funding for crisis intervention training for police.
Reactions to the New Act[3]
Representative Carlos Mariani (DFL-St. Paul), the author of the bill and chair of the House Public Safety and Criminal Justice Reform Division, after the House passage, said, ""Today, we're beginning to make the overdue changes Minnesotans have been demanding to help ensure no more lives are lost due to police violence. By passing this bill into law, we're taking the first steps toward major changes to hold police officers accountable for harmful acts, and we are committed to continuing our work for safer communities. It wasn't safe for George Floyd or for Philando Castile, and they deserved a better way to police that builds community."
Minnesota Senate Majority Leader Paul Gazelka (Rep.) said, ""We've never stopped working on this, whether we were in session or out of session. That's something we all felt was important."
Senator Jeff Hayden (DFL), who represents the district where police killed Floyd, said the Act fails to provide "robust police accountability measures and transformative criminal justice" while Senator Patricia Torres Ray (DFL-Minneapolis) voted against the bill because, she said, it "is not actually the bill that communities of color want."
Upon passage, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz tweeted the following:
"George Floyd's death brought the urgent need for meaningful police reform into sharp focus."
"Last night, the Legislature passed bipartisan police accountability and reform measures. This is a critical step toward justice."
"But this is only the beginning. The work does not end today."
"Everyone deserves to feel safe and protected by police. I look forward to signing these long-overdue reforms to strengthen transparency and community oversight, ban chokeholds and warrior training, expand de-escalation training for officers, and reduce the use of deadly force."
"Thank you to the communities of color and the People of Color and Indigenous Caucus, who have led this conversation and fought tirelessly for change."
Congratulations to Representative Mariani for being the lead author of this bill and to all the State Senators and Representatives for persistently negotiating and compromising to produce this important reform of policing in Minnesota.
[1] Bierschbach, Minnesota lawmakers pass sweeping package of police accountability measures, StarTribune (July 21, 2020); Mearhoff, Minnesota lawmakers advance police accountability measures 8 weeks after Floyd's death, Twin Cities Pioneer Press (July 21, 2020); MPR, Legislature passes policing bill, ends special session, MPR News (July 21, 2020); Assoc. Press, Minnesota Lawmakers Ban Neck Restraints After Floyd's Death, N.Y. Times (July 21, 2020); Bella, Minnesota passes police accountability measures, including banning chokeholds, two months after George Floyd's death, Wash. Post (July 21, 2020); Orenstein & Callaghan, The Legislature just passed a police reform bill. What it does—and doesn't do—to reshape law enforcement in Minnesota, MINNPOST (July 21, 2020); Cook, House, Senate agree to compromise
police reform. Minn. H. Rep.(July 21, 2020).
[2] Minnesota Legislature, Research Memo: HF 1 (Marlani), The Minnesota Police Accountability Act [July 2020); HF1 Minnesota Police Accountability Act (1st Engrossment)(July 21, 2020).
[3] Mariani, RELEASE: Minnesota House Passes Police Accountability Act (July 20, 2020); Governor Tim Walz, Tweet on Passage of Minnesota Police Accountability Act, facebook.com/GovTimWalz/ (July 21, 2020).
Posted on July 21, 2020 July 21, 2020 Categories Law, PoliticsTags "Killology", "warrior-style training", Board of Police Officer Standards and Training (POST), Bureau of Mediation Services, chokeholds, George Floyd, Governor Time Walz, meck restraints, Minnesota Legislature, Minnesota Police Accountability Act, Philando Castile, Police arbitration, Police duty to intervene, police residency requirements, Representative Carlos Mariani, Senator Jeff Hayden, Senator Patricia Torres Ray, Senator Paul Gazelka, Uniform Arbitration Act2 Comments on Minnesota Legislature Adopts Significant Police Reform
Congress Fails To Pass Federal Police Reform Bills
On June 24 and 25, the divisions between the Republican-controlled U.S. Senate and the Democrat-controlled U.S. House again emerged, this time to prevent, in all likelihood, the adoption of any federal police reform bills this year.
U.S. Senate[1]
On June 24 the Senate was prepared to debate The Justice Act, a bill authored by Senator Tim Scott (Rep., SC), that would encourage state and local police departments to change their practices, by limiting the use of chokeholds, requiring new de-escalation training for officers and better systems for tracking misconduct and penalizing departments that did not require the use of body cameras. It, however, would not alter the qualified immunity doctrine that shields officers from lawsuits or place new federal restrictions on the use of lethal force.
The Senate Democrats criticized this bill as insufficient to respond to the problem of systemic racism in law enforcement as the basis for an objection to consideration of the bill. This forced a motion for consideration that, under Senate rules, needs at least 60 votes to pass, but only had 55 votes with Democrats Doug Jones of Alabama and Joe Manchin III of West Virginia and Independent Angus King of Maine joining 52 Republicans. Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (Rep., Tenn.) voted against that motion so that subsequently he could make a motion for reconsideration by announcing his intent to switch his vote.
After this defeat, Senator Scott stated on the floor that he had had offered to give Democrats as many as 20 votes on proposed modifications to his bill that they were demanding, but that they had refused to accept. Privately, Democrats noted that revising the bill would have also required the approval of 60 senators, a threshold they feared they would not be able to meet.
It is still possible that the Scott bill could be brought up again this year in the Senate by the Majority Leader, Senator Mitch McConnell switching his vote from "Yes" to "No" on a motion for reconsideration.
In the meantime, on June 25 the Senate by unanimous consent separately passed a provision of Mr. Scott's bill to establish a commission on the social status of black men and boys, tasked with recommending policies to improve government programs.
U.S. House[2]
On June 25, the U.S. House passed, 236-181, the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act.
Representative Karen Bass (Dem., CA), the lead sponsor of the bill, said, "The legislation is the first-ever bold, comprehensive approach to hold police accountable, change the culture of law enforcement, empower our communities, and build trust between law enforcement and our communities by addressing systemic racism and bias to help save lives. Congressional Black Caucus Chair Karen Bass (D-CA), Senators Cory Booker (D-NJ) and Kamala Harris (D-CA), and House Judiciary Committee Chair Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) introduced the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2020 on June 8, 2020. The legislation has 231 cosponsors in the House and 36 cosponsors in the Senate."
"Under the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, for the first time ever federal law would: 1) ban chokeholds; 2) end racial and religious profiling; 3) eliminate qualified immunity for law enforcement;[3] 4) establish national standard for the operation of police departments; 5) mandate data collection on police encounters; 6) reprogram existing funds to invest in transformative community-based policing programs; and 7) streamline federal law to prosecute excessive force and establish independent prosecutors for police investigations." In greater detail, the Act:
"Prohibits federal, state, and local law enforcement from racial, religious and discriminatory profiling, and mandates training on racial, religious, and discriminatory profiling for all law enforcement.
Bans chokeholds, carotid holds and no-knock warrants at the federal level and limits the transfer of military-grade equipment to state and local law enforcement.
Mandates the use of dashboard cameras and body cameras for federal offices and requires state and local law enforcement to use existing federal funds to ensure the use of police body cameras.
Establishes a National Police Misconduct Registry to prevent problematic officers who are fired or leave on agency from moving to another jurisdiction without any accountability.
Amends federal criminal statute from "willfulness" to a "recklessness" standard to successfully identify and prosecute police misconduct.
Reforms qualified immunity so that individuals are not barred from recovering damages when police violate their constitutional rights.
Establishes public safety innovation grants for community-based organizations to create local commissions and task forces to help communities to re-imagine and develop concrete, just and equitable public safety approaches.
Creates law enforcement development and training programs to develop best practices and requires the creation of law enforcement accreditation standard recommendations based on President Obama's Taskforce on 21st Century policing.
Requires state and local law enforcement agencies to report use of force data, disaggregated by race, sex, disability, religion, age.
Improves the use of pattern and practice investigations at the federal level by granting the Department of Justice Civil Rights Division subpoena power and creates a grant program for state attorneys general to develop authority to conduct independent investigations into problematic police departments.
Establishes a Department of Justice task force to coordinate the investigation, prosecution and enforcement efforts of federal, state and local governments in cases related to law enforcement misconduct."
It would make lynchings a federal hate crime, ban federal officials from using chokeholds, ban federal funds to state and local law enforcement agencies that do not bar chokeholds, bar law enforcement from racial and religious profiling, make it easier to prosecute police officers for misconduct and allow civilians to recover some damages if their constitutional rights are found to have been violated by police, a change to the judicial doctrine known as qualified immunity.
It should be noted that three Republican representatives voted for this bill: Brian Fitzpatrick (PA), Will Hurd (TX) and Fred Upton (MI).
As a Democrat you supports various means of reforming policing in the U.S., I am disappointed that the Congress was unable to agree on such measures.
However, I think it was a political mistake for the Senate Democrats to block consideration of the Senator Tim Scott reform bill. As I understand what happened in the Senate, the Democrats had no objections to the bill's provisions. Instead, they objected that the bill did not go far enough. Their objections could have been made during the debate on the Scott bill, with or without proposed amendments that probably would be defeated by the Republican majority. Moreover, by allowing the Republicans to approve the bill would allow the Democrats to provide political support to Republican Senator Tim Scott.
This assessment was shared by Marc A. Thiessen, a fellow of the conservative American Enterprise Institute, a former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, a Fox News contributor and a Washington Post columnist, He emphasized that stopping such a debate in the Senate eliminated the possibility of having such a discussion in that body for the foreseeable future and even the possibility of having some Democratic amendments adopted. Thiessen claims that the bill already included some Democratic proposed additions: making lynching a federal hate crime, creating a national policing commission to review the U.S. criminal justice system, barring chokeholds by federal officers, withholding federal funds from state and local law enforcement agencies that do not bar chokeholds and that do not report use of non-knock warrants to the U.S. Justice Department. Indeed, according to Thiessen, Senator Scott had said he would vote to support some of the proposed amendments.[4]
Such a Democratic strategy also would have avoided the embarrassing comment by Senator Richard Durbin (Dem., IL) that the Scott bill was "a token, half-hearted approach," by an African-American man who personally had experienced police discrimination that compelled the subsequent apology from Senator Durbin.
Moreover, the Democrat-controlled House the next day adopted the more comprehensive reform bill which they wanted and which the Republican-controlled Senate undoubtedly will reject when it goes there.
[1] U.S. Senate, Justice Act, 116th Congress, 2d Sess. (full text); U.S. Senate, JUSTICE Act (Just and Unifying Solutions to Invigorate Communities Everywhere): Section-by-Section Analysis, 116th Congress, 2d Sess.; Senator Scott, Press Release: Senator Tim Scott Delivers Fiery Speech on Senate floor After Senate Democrats Stonewall Legislation on Police Reform Across America (June 24, 2020); Senator Scott, Press Release: Senate Democrats Block Police Reform from Coming to Communities Across America (June 24, 2020); Edmondson & Fandos, Senate G.O.P. Unveils Narrow Policing Bill, Setting Up a Clash with Democrats, N.Y. Times (June 17 & 24, 2020); Edmondson, Senate Democrats Block G.O.P. Police bill, calling It Inadequate, N.Y.Times (June 24, 2020); Kim, Senate Democrats block GOP policing bill, stalling efforts to change law enforcement practices, Wash. Post (June 24, 2020); Balko, Both parties' police reform bills ae underwhelming. Here's why, Wash. Post (June 24, 2020); Peterson & Zitner, Senate Democrats Block GOP Policing Bill, W.S.J. (June 24, 2020); Editorial, The No Debate Democrats, W.S.J. (June 24, 2020); Bobi, Police Reform Stalls Out in The Senate, HuffPost (June 24, 2020).
[2] Representative Bass, Press Release: House Passes George Floyd Justice in Policing Act (June 25, 2020); George Floyd Justice in Policing Act (full text); Congressional Black Caucus, Fact Sheet: George Floyd Justice in Policing Act ; House Passes George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, N.Y. Times (June 25, 2020); Andrews, House Passes Democrats' Policing Bill, but No Path Seen for Deal, W.S.J. (June 25, 2020); Carney, Gridlock mires chances of police reform bill, The Hill (June 25, 2020); Brufke, Three GOP lawmakers vote for Democrat-led police reform bill, The Hill (June 25, 2020).
[3] The qualified immunity defense was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in Monell v. Department of Social Services (1978) that victims can't recover damages from the city under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 unless the police misconduct was a breach of an "official policy or custom." Subsequent Supreme Court cases have reaffirmed that standard to limit liability to "the plainly incompetent" and "those who knowingly violate the law." (Malley v. Briggs (1986); Mccleary v. Navarro (1982), and just this month the Court refused to hear current cases challenging that standard. (Reuters, Supreme Court Rejects Cases Over 'Qualified Immunity' for Police, N.Y. times (June 15, 2020).) As Peter Schuck, a professor emeritus at Yale Law School, pointed out, a simple amendment of that 1871 statute would eliminate this defense. (Schuck, The Other Police Immunity Problem, W.S.J. (June 24, 2020).)
[4] Theissen, Democrats' shameful vote against Tim Scott's police reform bill, Wash. Post (June 25, 2020).
Posted on June 27, 2020 Categories Law, PoliticsTags body cameras, chokeholds, de-escalation training, George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, lynching, Marc A. Thiessen, no-knock warrants, qualified immunity, The Justice Act, U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. representative Brian Fitzpatrick, U.S. Representative Fred Upton, U.S. Representative Jerrold Nadler, U.S. Representative Karen Bass, U.S. Representative Will Hurd, U.S. Senate, U.S. senator Angus King, U.S. Senator Cory Booker, U.S. Senator Dick Durbin, U.S. senator Doug Jones, U.S. senator Joe Manchin III, U.S. Senator Kamala Harris, U.S. Senator Mitch McConnell, U.S. Senator Tim Scott, U.S. Supreme CourtLeave a comment on Congress Fails To Pass Federal Police Reform Bills
Use of Chokeholds and Neck Restraints by Other Minnesota Police Departments
MINNPOST (a nonprofit, nonpartisan online news service) recently contacted 21 Minnesota police departments, most outside the Twin Cities metro area, to find out whether they allowed chokeholds and neck restraints.[1]
Of these departments, 18 said their officers are not allowed to use neck restraints or chokeholds of any kind — except as deadly force if the officer fears for his own life. They included Anoka County, Austin, Brainerd, Brooklyn Park, Duluth, Fergus Falls, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester, Sartell, Sherburne County, St. Louis County, St. Paul, Stearns County and the Minnesota State Patrol.
The bans in Rochester and Brooklyn Park were only imposed last week even though vascular neck restraints could help shorter officers, especially women, take someone bigger into custody.
Many said "the practices had been out of use for as long as they could remember, largely because they can be dangerous." The New Ulm police chief Dave Borchert, said, "I was actually surprised when I learned that Minneapolis still had it to be honest with you. I would have thought that would have been gone for decades."
Three (Winona, Willmar and Bloomington) said their officers currently are allowed to use the non-lethal form of neck restraint:
According to Winona's Deputy Chief Tom Williams, its "police are trained to use a vascular restraint that cuts off blood flow to knock someone unconscious.' For example, "it can be used when you're 'grappling with someone' in close contact and can't reach other weapons like a taser. Police are supposed to incapacitate a person, then give them aid and make sure blood is returning to their head. Winona police can also use a respiratory chokehold to cut off air flow, but it can only be used as deadly force."
In Willmar, "police captain Mike Anderson said his department teaches a 'shoulder pin restraint,' where an officer applies pressure to one side of a person's neck but doesn't cut off air supply. They do not teach chokeholds."
The deputy chief of the Bloomington Police Department, Mike Hartley, said his department authorizes a vascular neck hold, which can be used to knock someone temporarily unconscious. While he said the department is always evaluating the effectiveness and safety of its techniques, they're not considering eliminating the hold right now.
[1] Orenstein, How common is it for Minneapolis police departments to authorize chokeholds, 'neck restraints,' MINNPOST (June 15, 2020). /
Posted on June 19, 2020 Categories Law, PoliticsTags Anoka county (Minnesota), Austin (Minnesota), Bloomington (Minnesota), Brainerd (Minnesota), Brooklyn Park (Minnesota), chokeholds, Dave borchert, Duluth Minnesota, Fergus Falls Minnesota, Mankato Minnesota, Mike Anderson, Mike Hartley, Minnesota State Patrol, Moorhead (Minnesota), neck restraints, New Ulm (Minnesota), Rochester Minnesota, Sartell (Minnesota), Sherburne County (Minnesota), St. Louis County (Minnesota), St. Paul Minnesota, Stearns county (Minnesota), Tom Williams, Willmar Minnesota, Winoa (Minnesota)Leave a comment on Use of Chokeholds and Neck Restraints by Other Minnesota Police Departments
Court Approves Agreement for Police Conduct Between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Human Rights Department
On June 5 The City of Minneapolis and the Minnesota Department of Human Rights signed a Stipulation and Order mandating certain changes for conduct of the City's police. Most prominent were a ban on the use of choke holds and neck restraints and requiring officers to intervene when inappropriate force is used. The agreement was in the form of a Stipulation and Order for approval of the Hennepin County District Court.[1]
On June 8 that approval was granted by Hennepin County District Judge Karen Janisch.[2] That approval was in the form of a court order for the Minneapolis Police Department immediately to implement the following measures[3]
Ban the use of all neck restraints and chokeholds.
Any police officer, regardless of tenure or rank, must report while still on scene if they observe another police officer use any unauthorized use of force, including any chokehold or neck restraint.
Any police officer, regardless of tenure or rank, must intervene by verbal and physical means if they observe another police officer use any unauthorized use of force, including any choke hold or neck restraint.
Only the Police Chief or the Chief's designee at the rank of Deputy Chief may approve the use of crowd control weapons, including chemical agents, rubber bullets, flash-bangs, batons, and marking rounds, during protests and demonstrations.
The Police Chief must make timely and transparent discipline decisions for police officers as outlined in the order.
Civilian body worn camera footage analysts and investigators in the City's Office of Police Conduct Review have the authority to proactively audit body worn camera footage and file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department.
As a result, the court has the power to enforce compliance with these measures and failure to do so could lead to court-imposed sanctions.
According to Minnesota Commissioner of Human Rights Rebecca Lucero, "Today's court order will create immediate change for communities of color and Indigenous communities who have suffered generational pain and trauma as a result of systemic and institutional racism and long-standing problems in policing."
Judge Janisch was appointed to the bench in 2009 by Governor Tim Pawlenty (Rep). and was elected to that position in 2010 and 2016. She obtained her J.D. magna cum laude from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1992 and was a Minnesota Supreme Court law clerk, 1992-93, an associate and partner in a Minneapolis law firm, 1993-2003 and General Counsel to Governor Pawlenty, 2003-2009.
[1] Ban on Police Choke Holds and Neck Restraints in Agreement Between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Human Rights Department, dwkcomentaries.com (June 6, 2020.)
[2] Press release, Court Orders Minneapolis Police Department to Make Immediate Changes, Minn. Dep't Human Rts. (June 8, 2020); Griswold, Court orders Minneapolis Police Department to implement immediate changes, KARE11 News (June 8, 2020).
[3] Stipulation and Order, State of Minnesota v. City of Minneapolis Police Department, City of Minneapolis, Ct. file # 27-CV-20-8182 (Henn. Cty. Dist. Ct. June 8, 2020).
Posted on June 9, 2020 Categories Law, PoliticsTags chokeholds, City of Minneapolis, City of Minneapolis Office of Police Conduct, Commissioner Rebecca Lucero, crowd control weapons, Governor Tim Palenty, Hennepin County District Court, intervention, Judge Karen Janisch, Minneapolis Police Department, neck restraints, Police officer discipline, State of Minnesota Department of Human Rights, University of Minnesota Law School2 Comments on Court Approves Agreement for Police Conduct Between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Human Rights Department
Ban on Police Choke Holds and Neck Restraints in Agreement Between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Human Rights Department
On June 5, the City of Minneapolis and the Minnesota Department of Human Rights announced an agreement to ban Minneapolis police from using choke holds and neck restraints and to require officers to intervene when inappropriate force is used. The agreement was approved that same day by the Minneapolis City Council and signed by Mayor Jacob Frey, who said, "George Floyd's service yesterday underscored that justice for George requires more than accountability for the man who killed him – it requires accountability from elected leadership to deep, structural reforms. Today's agreement with the state will help bring those layers of accountability. This unprecedented energy and momentum for police reform has left Minneapolis poised not just to address our shortcomings, but to become a model for shifting police culture and uprooting systemic racism." [1]
The agreement is in the form of a Stipulation and Order to be signed by a Hennepin County District Judge after the Department files a lawsuit against the City, which a StarTribune article says happened in the afternoon of June 5, but which was not yet publicly available..[2] This is a result of the Department's June 2nd filing a civil rights charge against the City related to the George Floyd death and launching a general investigation of whether and how the Minneapolis Police Department has for the past 10 years engaged in discretionary practices toward people of color.[3]
This Stipulation, if and when it is approved by a district judge, would order the City of Minneapolis as follows:
BAN CHOKEHOLDS: "Within 10 days of the Effective Date, the City will amend Police Department Policy and Procedure Manual §§ 5-100 (Code of Conduct), 5-300 (Use of Force), and 5-311 (Use of Neck Restraints and Choke Holds) to prohibit the use of all neck restraints or choke holds for any reason."
"DUTY TO REPORT: Regardless of tenure or rank, any member of the City's Police Department who observes another member of the City's Police Department use any unauthorized use of force, including any choke hold or neck restraint, in violation of this Stipulation and Order, has an affirmative duty to immediately report the incident while still on scene by phone or radio to their Commander or their Commander's superiors."
"DUTY TO INTERVENE: Regardless of tenure or rank, any member of the City's Police Department who observes another member of the City's Police Department use any unauthorized use of force, including any choke hold or neck restraint in violation of this Stipulation and Order, must attempt to safely intervene by verbal and physical means, and if they do not do so shall be subject to discipline to the same severity as if they themselves engaged in the prohibited use of force."
"CROWD CONTROL AUTHORIZATION: During protests and demonstrations, use of all crowd control weapons must be authorized only by the Chief of Police, or if the Chief is unavailable, the Chief's designee at the rank of Deputy Chief or above. Crowd control weapons include, but are not limited to, chemical agents, rubber bullets, flash-bangs, batons, and marking rounds. The Police Department shall contemporaneously document the person who authorized the use of crowd control weapons and retain such documentation for a period of not less than seven years. Accordingly, within 10 days of the Effective Date, the City will amend Police Department Policy and Procedure Manual § 5-313 to reflect that chemical agents, regardless of canister size, may be used during crowd control situations if authorized only by the Chief of Police, or if the Chief is unavailable, the Chief's designee at the rank of Deputy Chief or above. Any other provisions of the Police Department Policy and Procedure Manual that identify the authorized use of other crowd control weapons must also be amended within 10 days of the Effective Date to reflect that use of such weapons must be authorized only by the Chief of Police."
"TIMELY DISCIPLINE DECISIONS: For all recommendations that are pending as of the Effective Date of this Stipulation and Order, the Police Chief must issue a decision on any recommendation from the City's Office of Police Conduct Review (OPCR) within 45 calendar days of the Effective Date. For all recommendations of merit provided by the OPCR after the Effective Date of this Stipulation and Order, and for the duration of this Stipulation and Order, the Police Chief must issue a written memorandum explaining the basis their decision, including the relevant facts, policies and law supporting the decision, within 30 calendar days. If and when permitted by Minn. Stat. § 13.43, the decision and written memorandum will be immediately made available to the public via the City's website and must also be available for physical inspection. Within 90 calendar days of the Effective Date of this Stipulation and Order, the City shall amend any city ordinances to conform to the requirements of this paragraph. The City shall also amend any city ordinances to fashion an appropriate remedy for the person filing the complaint if a determination on the OPCR's recommendation of merit is not made within the 30 calendar day time period."
"BODY WORN CAMERA FOOTAGE REVIEW: Civilian body worn camera footage analysts and investigators in the OPCR will have the authority to proactively and strategically audit body worn camera (BWC) footage and file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department. Within 90 calendar days of the Effective Date, the City of Minneapolis will submit to the Department of Human Rights a plan for detailing how it intends to strategically utilize this audit function to identify discriminatory practices in policing, including officer misconduct."
In addition, the Stipulation, if and when it is approved by a district judge, would order the City of Minneapolis to do certain things to aid the Department's current investigation as well as the following for "Building Toward Systemic Change:"
"On or before July 30, 2020, the City Attorney shall prepare a report listing the State of Minnesota Laws that impede public transparency of police data and/or prevent the Mayor and Chief of Police and/or impede civilian oversight from disciplining and terminating police officers who do not adhere to Minneapolis Police Department policies and standards. "
"The City shall prohibit all forms of retaliation, intimidation, coercion, or adverse action against any person, including any City employee, who reports misconduct or cooperates with MDHR's Commissioner's charge investigation. Any violation of this provision shall be considered a material breach of the Order and may result in further enforcement action by MDHR."
12."All forms of retaliation, interference, intimidation, and coercion against a City employee or any member of the public who reports misconduct or cooperates with MDHR's Commissioner's charge investigation, are strictly prohibited. This prohibited conduct includes anyone employed by the City's Police Department, or a representative of such employee, who intentionally aids, abets, incites, compels, or coerces a person to engage in any of the practices forbidden by this Stipulation and Order."
"The City shall notify all employees that it is unlawful to intentionally obstruct or prevent any person from complying with the MHRA, MDHR's Commissioner's Charge investigation, or any order issued thereunder, or to resist, prevent, impede, or interfere with the Commissioner or any of the Commissioner's employees or representatives in the performance of their duties."
Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said, ""George Floyd's service yesterday underscored that justice for George requires more than accountability for the man who killed him — it requires accountability from elected leadership to deep, structural reforms."
Presumably the Minneapolis Police Union has a right to intervene in this lawsuit and to oppose the proposed Stipulation and Order that would have to be ruled on by the district court.
We will wait to see whether they do so and what happens.
These proposed revisions of the MPD Manual, in this blogger's opinion, should be approved by the court after a hearing.
If and when approved by the court, however, they would only go into effect for subsequent actions by the police. Therefore, they are not relevant to the pending criminal cases about the killing of George Floyd. However, provisions of the existing MPD Manual will be relevant to these cases as discussed below.
Case Against Derek Chauvin[4]
That Manual states that a "Choke Hold's is a "deadly force option" by "applying direct pressure on a person's trachea or airway (front of the neck), blocking or obstructing the airway." (Manual sec. 5-311(I).)
"Deadly force" is defined in the Manual, quoting Minn. Stat. sec. 609.066, subd. 2 as ""Force which the actor uses with the purpose of causing, or which the actor should reasonably know creates a substantial risk of causing death or great bodily harm."(Manual sec. 5-302.).
"Neck restraint," on the other hand, is stated in the Manual as a "non-deadly force option" and is defined as "compressing one or both sides of a person's neck with an arm or leg, without applying direct pressure to the trachea or airway (front of the neck). Only sworn employees who have received training from the MPD Training Unit are authorized to use neck restraints." In addition, the Manual "authorizes two types of neck restraints: Conscious Neck Restraint and Unconscious Neck Restraint." (Manual sec. 5-311.)
"Conscious Neck Restraint:The subject is placed in a neck restraint with intent to control, and not to render the subject unconscious, by only applying light to moderate pressure." It "may be used against a subject who is actively resisting."
"Unconscious Neck Restraint:The subject is placed in a neck restraint with the intention of rendering the person unconscious by applying adequate pressure." It "shall only be applied in the following circumstances:
On a subject who is exhibiting active aggression, or;
For life saving purposes, or;
On a subject who is exhibiting active resistance in order to gain control of the subject; and if lesser attempts at control have been or would likely be ineffective."
Criminologists who have seen the videotape of Chauvin's treatment of Floyd say that Chauvin's "knee restraint not only puts dangerous pressure on the back of the neck, but that Mr. Floyd was kept lying on his stomach for too long. Both positions. . .run the risk of cutting off someone's oxygen supply."
These criminologist also said that the fact that Mr. Chauvin kept applying pressure when Mr. Floyd was no longer struggling made it appear to be a case of an officer trying to punish a suspect for doing something the police did not like. Philip M. Stinson, a former police officer and now a criminal justice professor at Bowling State University, said it was "a form of 'street justice,' . . . bullying [to teach] someone a lesson—next time you will think twice about what you do."
Case Against Other Officers
The existing MPD Manual, under the heading "Duty To Intervene" states: " Sworn employees have an obligation to protect the public and other employees." (Manual sec. 5-303.01(A).) And "It shall be the duty of every sworn employee present at any scene where physical force is being applied to either stop or attempt to stop another sworn employee when force is being inappropriately applied or is no longer required." (Manual sec. 5-303.01(B).)
Subsequent posts will cover the future court hearing and decision on the proposed changes to the MPD Manual while other posts will analyze the pending criminal cases and developments.
[1] Navratil,Tentative agreement would ban chokeholds, neck restraints by Minneapolis police, StarTribune (June 5, 2020); Minneapolis to ban the use of chokeholds in response to George Floyd's death, N.Y. Times (June 5, 2020); Governor Walz, Walz-Flanagan Administration, City of Minneapolis Agree on Immediate Changes to Minneapolis Police Department Policies (June 5, 2020); Chavez, Sanchez & Alonso, Minneapolis City council votes to ban chokeholds one day after George Floyd memorial, cnn.com (June 5, 2020); Collins, Chapman, Martinez & Li, Weekend George Floyd Protests Planned, Seeking Reforms, W.S.J. (June 5, 2020); 'Layers of accountability': Mayor Jacob Frey Signs Restraining Order Forcing Immediate Reforms in Mpls. Police Dept., CBS Minnesota (June 5, 2020).
[2] Stipulation and Order [unsigned], State of Minnesota v. City of Minneapolis Police Department, City of Minneapolis (undated2020) (unsigned).
[3] Berkl & Navratil, Minnesota Human Rights Department launches probe into Minneapolis police, StarTribune (June 3, 2020);
Minn. Dep't Human Rts., Civil Rights Investigation into Minneapolis Police Department (June 3, 3030); Governor Walz, Walz Administration's Department of Human Rights Files Civil Rights Charge Against Minneapolis Police Department (June 2, 2020).
[4] MacFarquar, In George Floyd's Death, a Police Technique Results in a Too-Familiar Tragedy, N.Y.Times (May 29, 2020).
Posted on June 6, 2020 June 9, 2020 Categories Law, PoliticsTags chokeholds, City of Minneapolis, Derek Chauvin, George Floyd, Hennepin County District Court, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey, Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Police Union, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, neck restraints, Philip M. Stinson, Police duty to intervene2 Comments on Ban on Police Choke Holds and Neck Restraints in Agreement Between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Human Rights Department


I found a set of wall accents from Target the other day at Goodwill. They were only a $1 so I had to try them out. My picture doesn't do them justice but they are very nice. The accents are made out of temporary vinyl just like the cricut vinyl.


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The Special One?
January 12, 2021 | By Stephen	| Reply More
One joy of having a family grow up around you… you get to subject the young'uns to all the films they haven't yet seen that you think they should. This has mixed results. And to be honest, it divides along gender lines. The Hunt daughters pour discouraging remarks on the dodgy special effects of past classics, despite admiring modern science fiction and fantasy offerings.
The Hunt sons, however, seem to lack in taste enough to forgive poor special effects, suspend judgment, and get into the storylines on the basis they were originally offered. Imagine my junior male cohort's astonishment at such splendid achievements as the first and second Alien movie. And you get to mix them up with Predators too, in certain instances. As long as there is gore, battle, and danger, they are interested enough.
For the female cohort, however, the number of clear plot holes are painfully teased out mid-flow, interrupting the enjoyment of the movies somewhat.
We just tried Minority Report, which is now 19-years old. The special effects from this film hold up well. I remember at the time the whole Tom Cruise wearing interface gloves and tossing icons about midair became a bit of a thing, imitated in other films and an entire line of Currys PC World computer adverts on TV. The automated vehicles which can drive up the side of buildings to park outside your 200th-floor apartment still seemed like a good idea, even now. I wonder if Elon musk has watched this for Tesla?
Following Minority Report, we got into an interesting discussion about which films' SFX have held up better over the years. The first Star Wars movie still seems to be fairly robust to me, but maybe that's because the studio keeps on going back and tinkering with the models, making them better than they were back in the late 1970s?
The Fifth Element divided opinions. The colourful French graphic novel cartoon-style still holds a certain appeal to me at least. For the kids, not so much. And you just have to look at the difference between the original Blade Runner and the reboot to see that that original's ingenuity is hard to beat, even with state-of-the-art rendering machines from an age beyond the point where the original movie was chronologically set (November 2019).
British TV output seems to be very easy to date. There's no mistaking a 1970s shaky rubber suit in Doctor Who from the intricate computer-rendered monsters of the more recent Timelords. And let's not even get started with Space 1999, Blakes Seven, and The Tomorrow People.
Of course, the best movies are still the flicks where the special effects complement a special storyline, as opposed to SFX being front and centre, with the spectacle itself standing alone and shivering.
By the by, I estimate the SFX in my genre books will hold up until around 2345A.D., after which they will look faintly ridiculous.
« Science. Not fiction.
Power to the People? »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Family & Community Support Services (FCSS)
Fort Air Partnership
Taxes & Utilities
Municipal Enforcement
Municipal Cemetery
Tax Installment Payment Plan (TIPP)
About Lamont
Bike Pump Track
Park Donations
Lamont Profile
Your Municipality
Town Survey
Tax Installment Plan
In April 2022, the Town of Lamont began working on a new Strategic Plan to guide the work of Council and Administration for 2023 – 2027. The Town accomplished many of its objectives and projects identified in its previous Strategic Plan (2019-2022) and celebrated several successes. However, the coronavirus pandemic and public health restrictions halted much of this work in its tracks and there is much that Council and Administration want to accomplish over the next 4 years.
This Strategic Plan provides Council, Administration, and Town of Lamont residents clear direction on the Mission and Vision of the Town and Strategic Priorities to guide Council's agenda and Administration's day-to-day work.
5307-50 Ave
Lamont, Alberta T0B 2R0


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Use the QuoteWerks visual layout designer to format the layout of your quotes. All companies have different formats that they prefer to present the quote to their customer in. The built-in QuoteWerks visual layout designer gives you complete flexibility in designing the look of your printed quote. You can choose which information you would like to include in the quote, and which information you would like to not include in the quote. You can insert company logos, pictures, lines, boxes. You can set background colors, font colors, fonts, alignment, pretty much anything! If you prefer to include a picture of each line item in the quote, you can use the layout designer to control where the picture will be located, what size the picture will be, etc. On top of all this functionality, the QuoteWerks print layout designer also supports the creation of custom formulas. You can create formulas that calculate lease payments based on a number of months, and the total sale amount of the quote. You can create formulas that print a special message like "You are a valued customer." if the sale amount is over $1000. You can create formulas that calculate a 50% down payment amount to display on the quote. You can create almost any solution using this formula functionality! The layout designer is very powerful, flexible and easy to use.
QuoteWerks supports "revisioning". This feature enables you to open a saved quote, make changes, and then save it as the next revision. QuoteWerks will then automatically save the quote with a new quote number that has either a numeric or an alpha suffix (like –01 or –A), and will update the contact management software links to refer to the most recent revision. When converting quotes to orders, all revisions are now automatically flagged as superseded. You can easily view the history of all revisions giving you a complete overview and control over all the revisions.
Use this when you calculate your customer price by applying a % gross margin to your cost.
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Use this when in most cases you charge your customers the list price of a product.
Use this when your customer gets a different price depending upon how many of the item they are purchasing.
Use this to have QuoteWerks automatically assign your customer a fixed price depending upon what type of customer this customer is. So, if your customer is a RETAIL customer, they get price X, and if they are a WHOLESALE customer, they get price Y.
Use this to have QuoteWerks automatically assign your customer a calculated price based on markup, margin, discount, or list depending upon the type of customer AND the type of product you are selling. So, one example is, if your customer is a RETAIL customer, they get a 10% discount, and if they are a WHOLESALE customer, they get a 30% discount. Another example is, if your customer is a RETAIL customer, they get a 40% marked up price, and if they are a WHOLESALE customer, they get a 10% marked up price.
Use this to have QuoteWerks calculate the price of the product as a % of the price of another product.
Use this when you have a fixed cost.
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You can have % discount line items which work in the same way as the % charge line items.
The Paste Special feature enables you to accept data from the Windows clipboard and use it to retrieve products and services from a QuoteWerks product source and add them to the quote. This feature can be useful for integrating with external configuration software such as Cisco and Hewlett Packard configuration software which only output a list of part numbers with no descriptions or prices. It also works with part number lists copied from websites or text files. Simply stated, you can copy part number information into the Windows clipboard, and then use the Paste Special feature to have QuoteWerks retrieve the part numbers, complete with description, and pricing into your QuoteWerks quote using the information stored in the product databases linked to QuoteWerks! There are even specialized paste special applets like our Dell Premier Quote Importer and our Tech Data Shopping Cart Importer.
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Avanca offers some excellent one click features to allow you complete control over your Responsive layout. All the responsive options listed below are controlled in the template parameters, its that simple! To see the responsive layout work simply resize your browser window and watch the magic happen!


Elite 91's Myco Jordan Inoculant contains 100% organic non-GMO mycorrhizae designed to improve your plant health and growth.
Elite 91 Myco Jordan - Professional Mycorrhizal Inoculant is a wettable powder that contains mycorrhizae fungus in viable spores, to be used as a soil drench or seed/root inoculant. The mycorrhizae from Elite 91's Myco Jordan form a symbiotic relationship with your plant's roots that significantly enhance water and nutrient uptake and absorption. The Elite 91 Myco Jordan - Professional Mycorrhizal Inoculant promotes plant vigor, optimizes root growth, improves crop quality, and increases yields.
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Utilisation of Floating Provisions and Countercyclical Provisioning Buffer
You are here: Home / Posts Tagged "Utilisation of Floating Provisions and Countercyclical Provisioning Buffer"
Tag: Utilisation of Floating Provisions and Countercyclical Provisioning Buffer
Read RBI Governor Speech releif for borrowing provided
1. As the financial year 2020-21 – the year of the pandemic – was drawing to a close, the Indian economy was advantageously poised, relative to peers. India was at the foothills of a strong recovery, having regained positive growth, but more importantly, having flattened the infections curve. In a few weeks since then, the situation has altered drastically. Today, India is fighting a ferocious rise in infections and mortalities. New mutant strains have emerged, causing severe strains on healthcare and medical facilities, vaccine supplies and frontline health personnel. The fresh crisis is still unfolding. India has mounted a valiant defence, domestically and globally, to ramp up vaccines and medical support, and save lives.
2. Simultaneously, shoring up livelihoods and restoring normalcy in access to workplaces, education and incomes becomes an imperative. As in the recent past, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will continue to monitor the emerging situation and deploy all resources and instruments at its command in the service of the nation, especially for our citizens, business entities and institutions beleaguered by the second wave. The devastating speed with which the virus affects different regions of the country has to be matched by swift-footed and wide-ranging actions that are calibrated, sequenced and well-timed so as reach out to various sections of society and business, right down to the smallest and the most vulnerable. While doing so, our admiration and gratitude goes out to the brave citizens of our nation, to our doctors, healthcare and medical staff, police and law enforcement agencies and to other authorities who battle the second surge selflessly and tirelessly and have been at the frontline for more than a year. Their services to our nation are needed now, more than ever. The quarantine facilities of the RBI continue to operate with more than 250 RBI personnel and service providers – away from their homes – to ensure continuity of various segments of financial markets and RBI operations.
3. Since the pandemic began, I have on several occasions expressed my genuine faith in India's resilience and capacity to overcome all odds. To quote Mahatma Gandhi – "My faith is brightest in the midst of impenetrable darkness1." Over a year now, we have struggled to free ourselves from the pandemic's deadly grip. Between mid-September and February, as a country, we did manage to lower infections at a time when the rest of the world was reeling under malevolent surges of the virus. This time around, we have to marshal our resources and fight it again with renewed vigour, ignited by the determination to overcome, and to return to normalcy and sound health.
Assessment of the Current Economic Situation
4. Before I set out the measures that the RBI is proposing to undertake as the first part of a calibrated and comprehensive strategy against the pandemic, let me reflect on the macroeconomic and financial conditions that prevail, so that the context in which today's measures are being taken, can be appreciated.
5. The global economy is exhibiting incipient signs of recovery as countries renew their tryst with growth, supported by monetary and fiscal stimulus. Still, activity remains uneven across countries and sectors. The outlook is highly uncertain and clouded with downside risks. In April 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revised up its global growth projection for 2021 to 6.0 per cent (from 5.5 per cent projected in January 2021) on the assumption that vaccines would be available in advanced economies (AEs) and some emerging market economies (EMEs) by the summer of 2021 and in most other countries by the second half of 2022. World merchandise trade maintained its recent uptrend, growing by 5.4 per cent in February 2021 on a year-on-year (y-o-y) basis. Consumer price index (CPI) inflation remains benign for major AEs; in a few EMEs, however, it persists above targets on account of firming global food and commodity prices. Global financial markets regained buoyancy in April on vaccine optimism after bouts of volatility in February-March, followed by corrections.
6. Moving to domestic developments, aggregate supply conditions are underpinned by the resilience of the agricultural sector. The record foodgrains production and buffer stocks in 2020-21 provide food security and support to other sectors of the economy in the form of rural demand, employment and agricultural inputs and supplies, including for exports. The forecast of a normal monsoon by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) is expected to sustain rural demand and overall output in 2021-22, while also having a soothing impact on inflation pressures.
7. Aggregate demand conditions, particularly in contact-intensive services, are likely to see a temporary dip, depending on how the COVID situation unfolds. With restrictions and containment measures being localised and targeted, businesses and households are learning to adapt. Consequently, the dent to aggregate demand is expected to be moderate in comparison to a year ago. Reports suggest that the disruption in
manufacturing units so far is minimal. Consumption demand is holding up, with sales of consumer goods rising in double digits in January-March 2021, and average daily electricity generation up by 40.0 per cent year-on- year in April. Rail freight has registered growth of over 76 per cent year- on-year in April. Toll collections in April suggest that mobility has declined but quite unlike the abrupt halt in mobility during April last year. Registration of automobiles in April 2021 has shown moderation compared to March. The tractor segment continues its robust pace. The Purchasing managers' index (PMI) for manufacturing continued in expansion mode at 55.5 in April 2021 compared to 55.4 in the preceding month. Overall, the high frequency indicators are emitting mixed signals. The RBI will closely and continuously monitor all incoming data to assess on a real time basis the impact of the second wave on macro-economic and financial conditions.
8. CPI inflation edged up to 5.5 per cent in March 2021 from 5.0 per cent a month ago on the back of a pick-up in food as well as fuel inflation while core inflation remained elevated. High-frequency food prices data for April 2021 from the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) suggests further softening of prices of cereals and key vegetables while price pressures in pulses and edible oils remain. Prices of petrol and diesel registered some moderation in April. Manufacturing and services PMIs along with rising WPI inflation show a persistence of input price pressure. The May 12 release of the National Statistics Office will throw more light on inflation developments in April. Going forward, a normal south-west monsoon, as forecast by the IMD should help to contain food price pressures, especially in cereals and pulses. The build-up in input price pressures across sectors, driven in part by elevated global commodity prices, remains a concern. The inflation trajectory over the rest of the year will be shaped by the COVID-19 infections and the impact of localised containment measures on supply chains and logistics.
9. In the external sector, India's merchandise exports and imports rose sharply in March 2021. For the year 2020-21 as a whole, the merchandise trade deficit shrank to US $98.6 billion from US $ 161 billion a year ago. Preliminary data released by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry indicate that India's merchandise exports and imports continue to witness broad- based robust growth performance in April 2021. The current account balance, which had been recording surpluses from January 2020 through September 2020, flipped and turned into a slender deficit of 0.2 per cent of GDP in Q3:2020-21. Foreign exchange reserves were at US$ 588 billion on April 30, 2021. This gives us the confidence to deal with global spillovers.
10. Domestic financial conditions remain easy on abundant and surplus system liquidity. The average daily net liquidity absorption under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) was at ₹5.8 lakh crore in April 2021. The first auction under G-SAP 1.0 conducted on April 15, 2021 for a notified amount of ₹25,000 crore elicited an enthusiastic response as reflected in the bid-cover ratio of 4.1. G-SAP has engendered a softening bias in G- sec yields which has continued since then. Given this positive response from the market, it has been decided that the second purchase of government securities for an aggregate amount of ₹35,000 crore under G-SAP 1.0 will be conducted on May 20, 2021. With system liquidity assured, the RBI is now focusing on increasingly channelising its liquidity operations to support growth impulses, especially at the grassroot level.
11. In the fight against the second wave, alleviating any constraint from the financing side for all stake holders – government, hospitals and dispensaries, pharmacies, vaccine/medicine manufacturers/importers, medical oxygen manufacturers/suppliers, private operators engaged in the critical healthcare supply chain, and above all the common man who may be facing sudden spike in health expenditure – requires a comprehensive targeted policy response. Small businesses and financial entities at the grassroot level are bearing the biggest brunt of the second wave of infections. Against this backdrop and based on our continuing assessment of the macroeconomic situation and financial market conditions, we propose to take further measures, as enumerated below.
Term Liquidity Facility of Rs. 50,000 crore to Ease Access to Emergency Health Services
12. To boost provision of immediate liquidity for ramping up COVID related healthcare infrastructure and services in the country, an on-tap liquidity window of ₹50,000 crore with tenors of up to three years at the repo rate is being opened till March 31, 2022. Under the scheme, banks can provide fresh lending support to a wide range of entities including vaccine manufactures; importers/suppliers of vaccines and priority medical devices; hospitals/dispensaries; pathology labs; manufactures and suppliers of oxygen and ventilators; importers of vaccines and COVID related drugs; logistics firms and also patients for treatment.
13. Banks are being incentivised for quick delivery of credit under the scheme through extension of priority sector classification to such lending up to March 31, 2022. These loans will continue to be classified under priority sector till repayment or maturity, whichever is earlier. Banks may deliver these loans to borrowers directly or through intermediary financial entities regulated by the RBI. Banks are expected to create a COVID loan book under the scheme. By way of an additional incentive, such banks will be eligible to park their surplus liquidity up to the size of the COVID loan book with the RBI under the reverse repo window at a rate which is 25 bps lower than the repo rate or, termed in a different way, 40 bps higher than the reverse repo rate.
Special Long-Term Repo Operations (SLTRO) for Small Finance Banks (SFBs)
14. Small finance banks (SFBs) have been playing a prominent role by acting as a conduit for last mile supply of credit to individuals and small businesses. To provide further support to small business units, micro and small industries, and other unorganised sector entities adversely affected during the current wave of the pandemic, it has been decided to conduct special three-year long-term repo operations (SLTRO) of ₹10,000 crore at repo rate for the SFBs, to be deployed for fresh lending of up to Rs. 10 lakh per borrower. This facility will be available till October 31, 2021.
Lending by Small Finance Banks (SFBs) to MFIs for on-lending to be classified as Priority Sector Lending
15. At present, lending by Small Finance Banks (SFBs) to Micro- Finance Institutions (MFIs) for on-lending is not reckoned for priority sector lending (PSL) classification. In view of the fresh challenges brought on by the pandemic and to address the emergent liquidity position of smaller MFIs, SFBs are now being permitted to reckon fresh lending to smaller MFIs (with asset size of up to Rs. 500 crore) for on-lending to individual borrowers as priority sector lending. This facility will be available up to March 31, 2022.
Credit to MSME Entrepreneurs
16. With a view to incentivise credit flow to the micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) borrowers, in February 2021 Scheduled Commercial Banks were allowed to deduct credit disbursed to new MSME borrowers from their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) for calculation of the cash reserve ratio (CRR). In order to further incentivise inclusion of unbanked MSMEs into the banking system, this exemption currently available for exposures up to ₹25 lakh and for credit disbursed up to the fortnight ending October 1, 2021 is being extended till December 31, 2021.
Resolution Framework 2.0 for COVID Related Stressed Assets of Individuals, Small Businesses and MSMEs.
17. The resurgence of COVID-19 pandemic in India in recent weeks and the associated containment measures adopted at local/regional levels have created new uncertainties and impacted the nascent economic revival that was taking shape. In this environment the most vulnerable category of borrowers are individual borrowers, small businesses and MSMEs. The following set of measures are being announced today, specifically targeting these groups of borrowers.
Borrowers i.e. individuals and small businesses and MSMEs having aggregate exposure of upto ₹25 crore and who have not availed restructuring under any of the earlier restructuring frameworks (including under the Resolution Framework 1.0 dated August 6, 2020), and who were classified as 'Standard' as on March 31, 2021 shall be eligible to be considered under Resolution Framework 2.0. Restructuring under the proposed framework may be invoked up to September 30, 2021 and shall have to be implemented within 90 days after invocation.
In respect of individual borrowers and small businesses who have availed restructuring of their loans under Resolution Framework 1.0, where the resolution plan permitted moratorium of less than two years, lending institutions are being permitted to use this window to modify such plans to the extent of increasing the period of moratorium and/or extending the residual tenor up to a total of 2 years. Other conditions will remain the same.
In respect of small businesses and MSMEs restructured earlier, lending institutions are also being permitted as a one-time measure, to review the working capital sanctioned limits, based on a reassessment of the working capital cycle, margins, etc.
Rationalisation of Compliance to KYC Requirements
18. Taking forward the initiatives of the Reserve Bank for enhancing customer convenience, it has been decided to rationalise certain components of the extant KYC norms. These include (a) extending the scope of video KYC known as V-CIP (video-based customer identification process) for new categories of customers such as proprietorship firms, authorised signatories and beneficial owners of Legal Entities and for periodic updation of KYC; (b) conversion of limited KYC accounts opened on the basis of Aadhaar e-KYC authentication in non-face-to-face mode to fully KYC-compliant accounts; (c) enabling the use of KYC Identifier of Centralised KYC Registry (CKYCR) for V-CIP and submission of electronic documents (including identity documents issued through DigiLocker) as identify proof; (d) introduction of more customer-friendly options, including the use of digital channels for the purpose of periodic updation of KYC details of customers.
19. Further, keeping in view the COVID related restrictions in various parts of the country, Regulated Entities are being advised that for the customer accounts where periodic KYC updating is due/pending, no punitive restriction on operations of customer account(s) shall be imposed till December 31, 2021 unless warranted due to any other reason or under instructions of any regulator/enforcement agency/court of law, etc. Account holders are requested to update their KYC during this period.
20. In order to mitigate the pandemic related stress on banks and as a measure to enable capital conservation, banks are being allowed to utilise 100 per cent of floating provisions/countercyclical provisioning buffer held by them as on December 31, 2020 for making specific provisions for non- performing assets with prior approval of their Boards. Such utilisation is permitted with immediate effect and up to March 31, 2022.
Relaxation in Overdraft (OD) facility for States Governments
21. To enable the State Governments to better manage their fiscal situation in terms of their cash-flows and market borrowings, certain relaxations are being permitted with regard to availment of Overdraft (OD) facilities. Accordingly, the maximum number of days of OD in a quarter is being increased from 36 to 50 days and the number of consecutive days of OD from 14 to 21 days. This facility will be available up to September 30, 2021. The Ways and Means Advance (WMA) limits of states have already been enhanced on April 23, 2021.
22. The relevant circulars/notifications relating to all the announcements will be issued separately, starting today.
23. The immediate objective is to preserve human life and restore livelihoods through all means possible. The second wave, though debilitating, is not unsurmountable. As I have said earlier, it is during our darkest moments that we must focus on the light. We have lessons to draw from our experience of last year, when as a nation we came together and overcame the once-in-a-generation challenge imposed by the first wave of the pandemic.
24. At the RBI, we stand in battle readiness to ensure that financial conditions remain congenial and markets continue to work efficiently. We will work in close co-ordination with the Government to ameliorate the extreme travails that our citizens are undergoing in this hour of distress. We are committed to go unconventional and devise new responses as and when the situation demands. We must also stay focused on our future, which appears bright even at this juncture, with India set to emerge as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Today, we have taken some steps and we will continue to be proactive throughout the year – taking small and big steps – to deal with the evolving situation. We must remain resolutely focused on a post pandemic future of strong and sustainable growth with macroeconomic and financial stability. I call upon all stakeholders to come forward once again to address the challenges posed by the current wave of the pandemic, while remaining on guard against future waves. In closing, I again quote the words of Mahatma Gandhi, "Our faith should be like an ever-burning lamp which not only gives us light but also illuminates the surroundings."2
Thank you, Namaskar.
May, 5


text:
/**
 * @author Oystein Schroder Elvik
 */
angular.module( 'crm.dashboard', [
  'ui.state'
])

.config(function config( $stateProvider ) {
  $stateProvider.state( 'dashboard', {
    url: '/dashboard',
    views: {
      "main": {
        controller: 'DashboardCtrl',
        templateUrl: 'dashboard/dashboard.tpl.html'
      }
    },
    data:{ pageTitle: 'Dashboard' }
  });
})

.controller( 'DashboardCtrl', function DashboardController( $scope ) {
})

;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Carrinet Veggio is a set of 5 reusable polyester drawstrings net bags in 3 different sizes designed to replace plastic veg bags in supermarkets and grocers. These are Fruit & Vegetable Bags for Life! They are machine washable, quick to dry, do not attract mould or bacteria allowing your fresh produce to breath and stay fresher for longer. Veggio is made of food grade, high quality, long lasting plastic. By reusing Veggio over and over again, you will drastically reduce the amount of single use plastics in your life and on our planet. Fill your Veggios with apples, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas, lemons, avocados, sugar snaps, chillis - with anything you like as they are stress-tested to 10kgs!.
Veggio now comes with a side label where you easily can attach scanning price tags. You can rinse the fruit or veggies through the bag when you get home. Veggio is machine washable at 40 degrees, hang to dry, reshape gently when damp. Also suitable as a laundry bag for your delicates.
This set contains 5 bags: 2 bags 33x40cm, 2 bags 30x28cm and 1 bag 17x15cm.
Stop using single-use plastic bags at supermarkets and grocers! Instead invest in produce bags for life and prolong your fresh produce life by using breathable bags.
Reduce the amount of single use plastics in your life and on our planet!


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Jardin Darcy: This is a beautifupark thais situated nearby to thRailway station of Dijon. This is an interesting placto seand explorthFrench culturand heritage. You can interacwith thpeoplhere. Thpeoplherarwarm and friendly. You can also sethfamous whitbear called as Francois Pompon.
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text:
Use Your Brain: Artificial Intelligence Isn't Close to Replacing It
Leonid Bershidsky
Originally posted March 19, 2018
Nectome promises to preserve the brains of terminally ill people in order to turn them into computer simulations -- at some point in the future when such a thing is possible. It's a startup that's easy to mock. 1 Just beyond the mockery, however, lies an important reminder to remain skeptical of modern artificial intelligence technology.
The idea behind Nectome is known to mind uploading enthusiasts (yes, there's an entire culture around the idea, with a number of wealthy foundations backing the research) as "destructive uploading": A brain must be killed to map it. That macabre proposition has resulted in lots of publicity for Nectome, which predictably got lumped together with earlier efforts to deep-freeze millionaires' bodies so they could be revived when technology allows it. Nectome's biggest problem, however, isn't primarily ethical.
The company has developed a way to embalm the brain in a way that keeps all its synapses visible with an electronic microscope. That makes it possible to create a map of all of the brain's neuron connections, a "connectome." Nectome's founders believe that map is the most important element of the reconstructed human brain and that preserving it should keep all of a person's memories intact. But even these mind uploading optimists only expect the first 10,000-neuron network to be reconstructed sometime between 2021 and 2024.
Labels: Artificial Intelligence, Brain Death, Computer Simulation, Ethics, Future, Immortality, Neurons, research


The average pay for a Mechanic Small Engine is $37,712 a year and $18 an hour in Idaho, United States. The average salary range for a Mechanic Small Engine is between $28,237 and $45,578. This compensation analysis is based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Idaho, United States.


text:
Lucknow, city, capital of Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located roughly in the centre of the state on the Gomati River, about 45 miles (72 km) northeast of Kanpur.
The Rumi Darwaza, or Turkish Gate, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. © Ann & Bury Peerless Slide Resources & Picture Library
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Lucknow became important in 1528, when it was captured by Bābur, the first Mughal ruler of India. Under Akbar, his grandson, the city became part of Oudh province. Āṣaf al-Dawlah, who became nawab of Oudh (now Ayodhya) in 1775, transferred his capital from Faizabad to Lucknow. When the Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857, Sir Henry Lawrence, the British commissioner, and the European inhabitants of Lucknow were besieged for several months until rescued by British troops. The British then abandoned the city until the following year, when they regained control over India.
Lucknow is situated at the junction of numerous roads and rail lines, and Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport is located about 6 miles (10 km) southwest of the central city. The city is a marketplace for agricultural products (mangoes, melons, and various grains are grown locally), and its industries include food processing, manufacturing, handicrafts, and railroad shops. Its population, which has grown dramatically since the late 20th century, surpassed that of Kanpur in the early 21st century to become the most-populous city in Uttar Pradesh.
Lucknow contains notable examples of architecture. The Great Imāmbāṛā (1784) is a single-storied structure where Shīʿite Muslims assemble during the month of Muḥarram. The Rumi Darwaza, or Turkish Gate, was modeled (1784) on the Sublime Porte (Bab-i Hümayun) in Istanbul. The best-preserved monument is the Residency (1800), the scene of the defense by British troops during the Indian Mutiny. A memorial commemorating the Indians who died during the uprising was erected in 1957.
Lucknow, India: Great ImāmbāṛāGreat Imāmbāṛā, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. © lamio/Fotolia
Among Lucknow's educational institutions are the University of Lucknow (founded 1921), a music academy, an institute of Muslim theology, the Central Drug Research Institute (1951), an arts-and-crafts college, and a state museum. The city also has a botanical and a national zoological garden. Pop. (2001) 2,185,927; (2011) 2,817,105.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Maren Goldberg, Assistant Editor.
India: The revolt and its aftermath
Kanpur (Cawnpore) and Lucknow. The surrender of Kanpur, after a relatively brief siege, was followed by a massacre of virtually all British citizens and loyal Indian soldiers at Kanpur. The Lucknow garrison held out in the residency from July 1, in spite of the death of Sir Henry…
Its capital is Lucknow, in the west-central part of the state. Area 93,933 square miles (243,286 square km). Pop. (2011) 199,581,477.…
India, country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a constitutional republic consisting of 29 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its own affairs; 6 less fully empowered union territories; and the Delhi national capital territory, which includes New Delhi, India's capital. With roughly…
Sarojini Naidu, political activist, feminist, poet, and the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress and to be appointed an Indian state governor. She was sometimes called "the Nightingale of India." Sarojini was the eldest daughter of Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, a Bengali…
Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence
Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence, English soldier and administrator who helped to consolidate British rule in the Punjab region. After joining the Bengal artillery in 1823, Lawrence served at the capture of Arakan in the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26). He studied the Urdu, Hindi, and Persian…
More About Lucknow
Indian Mutiny
In India: The revolt and its aftermath
In Islamic arts: New importance of Indian literature
In South Asian arts: Urdu
In Uttar Pradesh
In Uttar Pradesh: Settlement patterns
Gomati River
Isabella Thoburn
Siege of Lucknow
Naushad Ali
The Official Website of District Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
ILoveIndia.com - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Lucknow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent…
China, country of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian countries and has the largest population…
Canada, second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths…


text:
Q: Receiving temperature reading from arduino over bluetooth and display in android smartphone I have to do a project whereby I have to get a temperature reading from a temperature sensor and send it over Bluetooth to an android smartphone and display the reading.
I'm using MIT's app inventor to make the app. So far, I can connect to the Bluetooth module hooked up to an arduino uno r3 and I can display the temperature if I press the "display" button. I want the app to update the temperature reading itself without me having to press a button to update it everytime. How do I do this? This the code I have so far.
I've tried using the timer in app inventor to update the reading automatically, but the app inventor keeps crashing after it connects to the Bluetooth module.
The code blocks I have so far are in this link. http://www.flickr.com/photos/92242434@N07/8382878573/in/photostream

A: Help me to understand about the requirement:
Why do you want to connect everytime? Does your phone be always near the temperature sensor?
What is the timer value you have set? I meant the period of interacting with the temp sensor?
just a pseudo:
for every 2 min
    if connected
         request temp
    else
         reconnect
         request temp
The problem with this code is, it will keep sending reconnect request , if you move out of range, thereby draining your phone's battery. you need to take a call, when actually you want to disconnect/ or y

A: Try to set the label that shows the temperaturature like this:
when Clock.Timer do:
 if (BluetoothClient.IsConnected) then:
    set Label.Text to: call BluetoothClient.ReceiveText
                  Number of bytes: call BluetoothClient.BytesAvailableToReceive

This video shows an example of what you are trying to do, with the App Inventor and Arduino codes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjtxrxVauZg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Forthcoming title. Pre-order now.
Silva, Carlos Nunes. "Citizen-Responsive Urban E-Planning: Recent Developments and Critical Perspectives." IGI Global, 2020. 1-300. Web. 29 Jan. 2020. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4018-3
Silva, C. N. (2020). Citizen-Responsive Urban E-Planning: Recent Developments and Critical Perspectives (pp. 1-300). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4018-3
Silva, Carlos Nunes. "Citizen-Responsive Urban E-Planning: Recent Developments and Critical Perspectives." 1-300 (2020), accessed January 29, 2020. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-4018-3
Advances in Public Policy and Administration
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InfoSci-Social Sciences and Humanities
Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union
Waste Management Techniques for Improved Environmental and Public Health
Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy
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More Government &
Law Titles
Citizen-Responsive Urban E-Planning: Recent Developments and Critical Perspectives
Carlos Nunes Silva (University of Lisbon, Portugal)
Projected Release Date: April, 2020|Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 300
Among the many ways the world has changed in recent decades, using technology for city planning has become one of the most innovative. Using new, pioneering methods that are reshaping the world into a more efficient and effective society has become the new reality.
Citizen-Responsive Urban E-Planning: Recent Developments and Critical Perspectives is a collection of innovative research that presents and discusses various perspectives on facets of citizen engagement in open urban policy processes, all of them based on the widespread use of information and communication technologies in the field of urban/spatial planning. The book offers an updated outline of recent advances in this field as well as a critical perspective of the challenges with which citizen e-participation in urban e-planning is confronted. While highlighting topics including smart ecosystems, urban development, and global intelligence, this book is ideally designed for urban planners, IT consultants, government officials, policymakers, academicians, researchers, students, and industry professionals.
Global Intelligence
Intelligence Acquisition
Online Support Models
Smart Ecosystems
Carlos Nunes Silva, PhD, Professor Auxiliar at the Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Lisbon, Portugal, holds a degree in Geography (University of Coimbra), a post-graduation in European Studies (University of Coimbra - Faculty of Law), a Master degree in Human Geography: Regional and Local Planning (University of Lisbon), and a PhD in Geography: Regional and Local Planning (University of Lisbon). His research interests focus mainly on urban and metropolitan governance, the history and theory of urban planning, urban planning in Africa, urban e-planning, urban planning ethics, local government policies, local e-government, and research methods. His publications include 'Governing Urban Africa', 'Local Government and Urban Governance in Europe' (co-edited); 'Urban Planning in North Africa'; 'Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries'; 'Emerging Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities in Urban E-Planning'; 'Urban Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial and Postcolonial Planning Cultures'; 'Fiscal Austerity and Innovation in Local Governance in Europe' (co-edited); 'Citizen e-Participation in Urban Governance: Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Creativity'; 'Online Research Methods in Urban and Planning Studies: Design and Outcomes'; 'Handbook of Research on E-Planning: ICT for Urban Development and Monitoring'; 'Portugal: Sistema de Govern Local'; and 'Política Urbana em Lisboa, 1926-1974'. He is the Chair of the International Geographical Union Commission on 'Geography of Governance' (2016-2020), and the founding editor-in-chief of the 'International Journal of E-Planning Research' (IJEPR).


text:
PredatorCoyote Hunter Shot, Killed During Hunting Trip
Coyote Hunter Shot, Killed During Hunting Trip
Officials in Iowa are investigating the death of a 47-year-old man who was shot while hunting coyotes.
By Alan Clemons
Predator Hunting Coyote Hunting hunting safety
Iowa officials are investigating the death of a man who was shot while coyote hunting with a large group of hunters, according to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.
Kirk Struve, 47, of Granville, Iowa, died Jan. 27 after being shot while sitting in his truck. A DNR press release said Struve was struck by a round believed to be fired by another member of his hunting party.
Clay County Sheriff's deputies, Iowa DNR conservation officers and local emergency personnel responded. Struve was taken to Buena Vista Regional Medical Center in Storm Lake where he was pronounced dead.
The investigation is ongoing.


This week's TGIF is Cody & Marla, a 6 colour, hud controlled pack of mesh skinny jeans PLUS a 6 colour hud pack of mesh halter tops. Both for 99L!
Cody & Marla have also been released in the store, in colour packs for 199L each.
This week's TGIF is Starlight in Lagoon blue. System set with Omega HUD included. Please remember to purchase the appropriate Omega relay kit for your body. 99L Omega works with the majority of mesh bodies including Maitreya and SLink.
Blacklace is at the Vintage fair. 80s style high leg body suits in 3 styles. Legacy layers and Omega HUDs included. Please remember to purchase the appropriate Omega relay kit for your body.
This week's TGIF is Sensual in black and teal. Legacy layers and Omega HUD included, plus a burlesque feathered fan. 99L. Omega works with the majority of mesh bodies including Maitreya and SLink. Please remember to purchase the appropriate Omega relay kit for your body.
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