text:
Oakland A's fail to deliver knockout punch to…
SportsMLB
Oakland A's fail to deliver knockout punch to C.J. Wilson, Los Angeles Angels
Oakland Athletics' Yoenis Cespedes (52) steals second base in front of Los Angeles Angels' Howie Kendrick (47) in the third inning of their MLB game at O.co Coliseum in Oakland, Calif., on Thursday, July 25, 2013.
By Jimmy Durkin | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: July 25, 2013 at 11:37 a.m. | UPDATED: August 12, 2016 at 4:24 p.m.
OAKLAND — The A's had Los Angeles Angels starter C.J. Wilson on the ropes through four innings Thursday night.
Wilson was at 91 pitches — 35 of which came during a two-run fourth inning that gave the A's the lead.
But once the Angels began battering A's pitching, it seemed to suck the life out of the offense, and Oakland lost 8-3 before 20,468 at the Coliseum.
Wilson (11-6) settled down to last through seven solid innings and beat the A's for the second straight start. He pitched 81/3 innings in a 2-0 win in Anaheim on July 20.
"He started pounding the strike zone a little more once they got the lead," A's manager Bob Melvin said of Wilson. "I think he realized, too, that he had to throw some more strikes, and he did. We tried to take advantage of some of those first-pitch strikes and hit a predictable fastball."
The A's scored twice in the fourth to take a 2-1 lead and snap Wilson's streak of 15 straight scoreless innings against Oakland.
That lead disappeared in a flash in the fifth. Five of the Angels' first six batters reached in the inning against A's starter Dan Straily (6-4). Mike Trout tied the score with a sacrifice fly, Josh Hamilton gave the Angels the lead with an RBI single, and Mark Trumbo delivered the big blow with a two-run double to knock Straily from the game.
"I just wasn't able to command the baseball," Straily said of his fifth-inning struggles. "I wasn't keeping it down."
A's reliever Jesse Chavez retired the final two batters of the fifth but gave up three runs in the sixth. The Angels opened the inning with five straight singles.
"They put good at-bats together," Chavez said of the Angels. "They take pitches, they wait for their pitches and never give in to an at-bat."
After putting seven runners on base in the first four innings and jacking up Wilson's pitch count, the A's had only two hits over the final five innings. Derek Norris homered in the sixth, and Chris Young had a broken-bat single in the ninth.
Yoenis Cespedes had his right knee wrapped after the game, although Melvin said it was just a scrape. Cespedes scored the A's first run on a wild pitch. The throw home looked to deflect off Cespedes' leg as he slid.
A's catcher John Jaso was placed on the seven-day concussion disabled list and replaced on the roster by Stephen Vogt. Jaso took foul balls to the face mask during games in Houston on Tuesday and Wednesday. He was checked out before flying home with the team Wednesday and placed on the shortened D.L. after receiving approval from Major League Baseball and the players association.
If Jaso isn't ready to be activated after seven days, he's automatically shifted to the 15-day D.L. Melvin said he expected Jaso to be ready after seven days.
Vogt returns to Oakland for his second stint this season. He made four starts in June, and the A's won each game. He had two hits in 13 at-bats, but that did include a homer. At Triple-A Sacramento, he was batting .324 with 13 homers and 58 RBIs.
"He had a great rapport with the pitchers, called a good game, swings the bat well," Melvin said of Vogt.
Pitcher Brett Anderson, out since May with a sprained right ankle, will throw another bullpen session Saturday. He'll throw 25 pitches, sit down to simulate a rest between innings, then throw 25 more.
The A's were one of several teams who attended a workout in Los Angeles for former Giants closer Brian Wilson, according to a CBS Sports report. Wilson hasn't pitched since April 2012, but the report said his fastball was clocked in the 90-93 mph range. He underwent a second Tommy John surgery last year.
Follow Jimmy Durkin at Twitter.com/Jimmy_Durkin.
FRIDAY'S GAME
L.A. Angels (Jerome Williams 5-6) at A's (Bartolo Colon 13-3), 7:05 p.m. CSNCA
Jimmy Durkin | Sports reporter
Jimmy Durkin is a former sports reporter for the Bay Area News Group.
Why this week's 49ers-Packers game could help shape the NFL's next decade
Pac-12 stock report: Oregon's COVID issue, Washington's beefed-up schedule, low-level star power, small wins for ASU and Colorado


The 2018 CNY House and Garden Show offered by The Submit-Commonplace and One the biggest occasions of its sort within the northeast! Planting orchids in the garden or inside the home is one technique to inexpensively beautify your private home and garden. With the bright, wonderful colors and numerous beautiful patterns of the flowers, you do not want different sculptures to beautify your backyard or dwelling.
Having a timber door at the entrance of your backyard and a timber window on the wall behind the backyard provides it a royal eco-pleasant look. People in Oaks go to the house and backyard show to become impressed, knowledgeable and energized with helpful recommendation, 1000's of options and the coolest new merchandise. Attain these potential new customers who'll be descending on the Philly Home + Backyard Present. Reach these potential new prospects who'll be descending on the Winnipeg House + Garden Present. The essential finish dimension is a 3/four garden-and-garden thread the place it connects to your garden faucet.
Meredith's broadcasting division started producing the television program Better in the fall of 2007, which is a lifestyle present which has a mixture of content from Meredith's various journal titles (included BH&G), consumer advice and celebrity interviews.
Reach these potential new customers who'll be descending on the Minneapolis House + Backyard Present. Individuals in Minneapolis visit the house show to turn into impressed, knowledgeable and energized with useful advice, 1000's of options and the best new merchandise. The web makes it simple to shop nowadays since websites present photograph of merchandise, with accompanying descriptions and prices. The Minneapolis Residence + Backyard Present will return February 24-26 & March 3-5, 2017. If you go down to the native ironmongery shop it is possible for you to to pick up this straightforward gasket for.99c and it is possible for you to to repair the one you may have and it will likely be good as new.
Folks purchase many accessories for the better look of the house and backyard like mattress, lamps, flower vase, aquarium and so on. Individuals in Winnipeg visit the home present to turn out to be impressed, knowledgeable and energized with useful recommendation, thousands of solutions and the best new products.


1.Price per bit has been scaled down at a rate of about 30% a year. If 1 Gbyte of DRAM memory cost about $50 in 2010, how much will it cost in 10 years' time?
2.In the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) of a computer, each memory cell contains a capacitor for charge storage. Each of these cells represents a single binary-bit value of "1" when its 35-fF capacitor (1 fF = 10 to the power –15 F) is charged at 1.5 V, or "0" when uncharged at 0 V.
(a) When fully charged, how many excess electrons are on a cell capacitor's negative plate?
3.DRAM memory is a capacitor. How many electrons are stored in a DRAM capacitor if it has an area of 1 μm2 and a silicon dioxide dielectric 5 nm thick?
4.In the DRAM computer chip, suppose the two parallel plates of one cell's 35-fF capacitor are separated by a 2.0-nm-thick insulating material with dielectric constant K = 25.
(a) Determine the area A (in μm2) of the cell capacitor's plates.
58. A DRAM trench memory cell for 1 bit takes up an area of 8F2, where F is the lithographic line width. What is the chip size of 1 Gbit DRAM?
Looking for DRAM Memory Capacitor Homework Help , please submit your details here with product code mentioned above.


Delicato Family Vineyards wines can be found in over 68 markets spanning across five continents. The family recognizes the importance of an international presence and has invested in support for growth in this area with dedicated marketing and customer service teams based in California and a dedicated sales team with offices in Canada, Sweden, Germany and Japan. For more information on what wines are offered internationally please email us at IntlMrktg@dfvwines.com.


Our Martial Arts division believes that anyone, regardless of age, gender, fitness or experience level, or physical limitations can enjoy martial arts and enhance their life through the lessons learned in martial arts. Our programs focus on developing more than just martial arts skill. Our students develop confidence, focus, discipline, and respect leading to an overall higher quality of life. Grades at a school go up, performance at work increases, and personal relationships deepen and become stronger. Our motto, "Teaching life skills through martial arts" says it all. Whether it's self protection for you and your loved ones, a lifelong passion for the martial way of life, or a hobby to enrich your quality of life, our martial arts division offers something for everyone.
Very few martial arts programs can accomplish what ours can. With a focus and dedication to our material and our students, along with a very particular skill set that far exceeds that of other martial artists and instructors, we can truly teach you how to make a difference in your life. President Matthew Lozinsky is a full time martial artist instructor. This in and of itself is unique and sets us apart from the competition. Rarely can martial arts teachers make a living off of that skill set. Accessing programs designed and taught by a full time martial artist means 100% of the instructors focus is on you. This is difficult for other martial arts programs who's instructors work full time jobs and teaching, while a passion, is not their primary focus in life.
Come see what why our martial arts classes and world class instruction is recommended by world leaders in the combat arts teaching community and take your first step at unlocking the winner inside today!
Private and Group sessions available as well as regular weekly classes.
We have a variety of payment and membership options available to suit your needs.


If you're ready to give your Mc Alpin-area home a new look with brand new, top-of-the-line flooring, turn to your local Carpet One. Mc Alpin-area Carpet One stores near you are your Florida destination for the top selections of flooring materials, professional installation, and flooring protection in the industry. Our inventory has everything from lush carpeting to versatile vinyl flooring and beyond.
Shopping at Carpet One will change the way you think about flooring. Whatever your lifestyle, whatever your price range, your Carpet One near Mc Alpin has it covered. Rely on the expertise of our sales professionals to guide you through the flooring selection process with additional guidance from our SelectAFloor™ system, which leads you to find your perfect floor at a perfect price. Whether you need a hardwood floor that will look great in any room or laminate flooring that is both durable and beautiful for the high-traffic rooms of your home, rest assured that you can find what you need by shopping at Carpet One near Mc Alpin. Plus, we have several SelectAFloor ™ warranty options available to ensure that your floors perform well long after installation.
Affordable, quality flooring has never been easier to come by than at your Mc Alpin-area Carpet One. Rely on your Carpet One near Mc Alpin to help you achieve your vision and renovate your floors with professional ease. Come in to your Carpet One near Mc Alpin and let us help you start your flooring redesign journey today!


Scholarship Prep Charter School held its grand opening on Monday, May 7th, in celebration of its partnership with the Carson Scholars Fund and their Think Big Reading Room program which has helped bring a dedicated space to promote leisure reading as a key to unlocking a child's full potential.
Scholarship Prep Oceanside, a TK-8th grade free public charter school has been selected to be a beneficiary of the Think Big Reading Room grant which is made possible through the generosity of the Eleni and Wolfgang Gagon Trust and Carson Scholars Fund (CSF), founded by Dr. Ben Carson and his wife, Candy. The Reading Room will live up to Dr. Carson's vision and goal of creating literacy enriched spaces for kids to develop a love of reading and learning. Scholarship Prep's Reading Room features a jungle theme, replete with ambient sounds, music, and jungle-themed decor to inspire literary "ed-ventures"!
Scholarship Prep Charter Schools are tuition-free public charter schools serving transitional kindergarten through eighth grade students with a university-inspired pathway of success while closing the achievement gap for all students. Scholarship Prep's instructional program utilizes project-based learning and rigorous emphasis on academics, arts, and athletics. Scholarship Prep proudly partners with Harper for Kids' youth character development program, which is based upon legendary UCLA Basketball Coach John Wooden's Pyramid of Success, promoting important character traits that can help young people achieve their personal best.
Scholarship Prep-Oceanside was opened in August, 2017 following successful authorization by the San Diego County Board of Education.


Background: Physical activity is an important contributor to reducing the risk for a variety of diseases. Understanding why people are physically active contributes to evidence-based planning of public health interventions because successful actions will target factors known to be related to physical activity (PA). Therefore the aim of this study is to identify the most meaningful correlates of PA in children and adolescents using a large, representative data set. Methods: Among n = 3539 (1801 boys) 6 to 17-year-old participants of the German representative Motorik-Modul baseline study (2003–2006) a total of 1154 different demographic, psychological, behavioral, biological, social and environmental factors were ranked according to their power of predicting PA using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions. Results: A total of 18 (in girls) and 19 (in boys) important PA predictors from different, personal, social and environmental factors have been identified and ranked by LASSO. Peer modeling and physical self-concept were identified as the strongest correlates of PA in both boys and girls. Conclusions: Th ... mehre results confirm that PA interventions must target changes in different categories of PA correlates, but we suggest to focus particularly on the social environment and physical self-concept for interventions targeting children and adolescents in Germany nowadays. We also strongly recommend to repeatedly track correlates of PA, at least every 10 years, from representative samples in order to tailor contemporary PA interventions.


Lindsay Lohan was late this morning for her guest appearance on "Glee" … following a night out on the town. Coincidence?
Dot didn't say who was late, but we've confirmed the person MIA was LiLo.
Now here's the good news for Lindsay … Sources connected with the production tell TMZ, Lindsay shot her big scenes the other day, and director Eric Stoltz has been saying she was "very professional." We're told she nailed her lines and was very polite to cast and crew.
Lindsay is back on set today just for reaction shots when the kids sing on the show. We're told her tardiness did not hold up production.


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Use the fields below to perform an advanced search of The Independent Florida Alligator's archives. This will return articles, images, and multimedia relevant to your query.
Title/Headline:
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312 items found for your search. If no results were found please broaden your search.
Columnist says goodbye to Alligator, journalism
(04/22/09 12:00am)
Man, I got played.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/columnist-says-goodbye-to-alligator-journalism
Linemen get chance to show mettle in spring game
The Gators have 935 pounds of leadership, toughness and girth to replace on the offensive line this year.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/linemen-get-chance-to-show-mettle-in-spring-game
O'Sullivan proving to be right man for job
Let's be honest. The UF baseball team isn't a national contender, and Kevin O'Sullivan hasn't turned it into a powerhouse overnight. He's not a miracle worker.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/o-sullivan-proving-to-be-right-man-for-job
Jenkins to have finger surgery; Pouncey out for three months
With all the injuries to his team, UF coach Urban Meyer joked that he doesn't know how the Gators will even play their spring game Saturday.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/jenkins-to-have-finger-surgery-pouncey-out-for-three-months
UF's success can't be measured by third parties
I don't know. And that's not because I'm just of average intelligence. You don't know either, and there's a good chance you're smarter than I am.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/uf-s-success-can-t-be-measured-by-third-parties
Many questions abound for football team in '09-'10
Maybe you're already making travel plans to Pasadena, Calif., for next January. I don't blame you. All signs point to the Gators playing for their third national championship in four years - and probably winning it.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/04/many-questions-abound-for-football-team-in-09-10
Redshirt freshman Hunter prepares for expanded role after disappointing year
A little less than a year ago, Urban Meyer said it would be hard to keep incoming freshman defensive tackle Omar Hunter off the field. Meyer could have shoved all of Hunter's 308 pounds out there with the first team defense when he arrived in Gainesville. And he wasn't bashful about praising Hunter's abilities, calling him the Tim Tebow of last year's recruiting class.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/03/redshirt-freshman-hunter-prepares-for-expanded-role-after-disappointing-year
Veteran defending champs fend off complacency
Two years ago, when linebacker Brandon Siler and safety Reggie Nelson decided to leave early for the NFL, UF coach Urban Meyer remembers seeing "red flags."
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/03/veteran-defending-champs-fend-off-complacency
Women's NCAA Tournament should not involve home games
Last time I checked, Goliath didn't have home-turf advantage against David.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/03/women-s-ncaa-tournament-should-not-involve-home-games
Women's basketball team just getting started with winning ways
It was the best news the UF women's basketball players had heard in three years, and they were wishing for something better.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/03/women-s-basketball-team-just-getting-started-with-winning-ways
Brooks may be greatest UF women's basketball player ever
It's hard to see it behind her meek smile.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/03/brooks-may-be-greatest-uf-women-s-basketball-player-ever
UF men's basketball team doesn't deserve berth in NCAA Tournament
The Gators will get good news on March 15. After a one-year hiatus, they'll be back in the NCAA Tournament. The UF logo will flash on the television screen, and the players and coaching staff will be able to breathe a sigh of relief. Their reputation as a prominent basketball program will be back.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/uf-men-s-basketball-team-doesn-t-deserve-berth-in-ncaa-tournament
Thornton's 32 points lead Tigers to win against Gators
BATON ROUGE, La. - Maybe Marcus Thornton had an extra helping of Wheaties on Tuesday morning.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/thornton-s-32-points-lead-tigers-to-win-against-gators
Community expects more from UF athletes
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/community-expects-more-from-uf-athletes
Ex-girlfriend accuses Johnson of date rape in restraining order
An ex-girlfriend of UF offensive lineman Carl Johnson, who was arrested Monday on charges of violating a sexual violence restraining order, wrote in a petition to obtain a restraining order that he "date raped" her three separate times from September to November 2008, according to court documents.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/ex-girlfriend-accuses-johnson-of-date-rape-in-restraining-order
Calathes should jump to NBA now
Here's what Nick Calathes excels at and why NBA teams will draft him:
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/calathes-should-jump-to-nba-now
Calathes only one holding team together
With 0.6 seconds left, Nick Calathes finally became like the rest of his teammates.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/calathes-only-one-holding-team-together
Modest Nelson building foundation for UF softball's future
She cruises around town, car windows down, maybe even a foot sticking out the window.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/02/modest-nelson-building-foundation-for-uf-softball-s-future
Tyus, not Calathes, fills most important role for Gators
Alex Tyus' shoulders better be even broader than they appear.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/01/tyus-not-calathes-fills-most-important-role-for-gators
Butler turning program around
Amanda Butler walked into the postgame media area with orange-and-blue Gators flip-flops flip-flopping with her.
https://www.alligator.org/article/2009/01/butler-turning-program-around

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Churches in Memphis prepare to open doors during cold weather
By Stephanie Douglas
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (WMC) - With dangerously cold temperatures pushing into parts of the Mid-South, The Room in the Inn is stepping up in preparation ahead of this Christmas cold freeze.
The inn has locked arms with several congregations, such as Calvary Episcopal Church in the heart of Downtown, to house and feed the homeless ahead of the arctic blast.
"We've opened this 'Welcome Inn,' and we want to share it with the community," said Christine Todd, Calvary Episcopal Church Director of Community Ministries.
The newly opened inn at the church, which sleeps 15, has several showers and blankets available.
On Christmas Day, the church will serve breakfast to feed 150 and provide a closet full of warm clothes for adults to choose from.
The church said having a place like this is a product of the church's mission: making God's love visible.
"In Memphis right now, there's so many families that sleep in cars, that really don't have anywhere to go," said Todd.
Calvary Episcopal Church is one of six churches in partnership with the Room in the Inn this week.
Although the nonprofit works with a network of 29 congregations for emergency overnight shelter, times like this are why staff say there is always a need for more.
"We will help them try to find those places. We have some rooms here on our campus and we will fill all of those until we don't have anymore," said Lisa Anderson, executive director of Room in the Inn.
Six places are opening their doors this week in partnership with the Room in the Inn:
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church
St Louis Catholic
Germantown Presbyterian
Incarnation Catholic Church
Germantown United Methodist
Calvary Episcopal Church
Room in the Inn is always free.
Those seeking shelter must first check in at Memphis First United Methodist Church between 4-5 p.m.
Room in the Inn's Emergency Winter Shelter operates from Nov. 1 through March 31.


The Graduate Diversity Enrichment Program (GDEP) provides $5,000 over two years to support underrepresented Ph.D. candidates enrolled in a North Carolina university and conducting biomedical research. The opportunity is designed to provide enrichment support for student success.
To address access to enrichment opportunities and supporting resources, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund is piloting a second cycle of the Graduate Diversity Enrichment Program (GDEP) in 2019. The Fund is committed to funding the next generation of scientists and researchers and seeks to support PhD students in increasing diversity in science. The primary goal of GDEP is to enhance the graduate student experience and provide early exposure to various professional environments and networks for which future research and/or professoriate opportunities might manifest.
Activities for the graduate student to travel and participate in or present at conferences, workshops, courses, and training.
Costs associated with the purchase of equipment, materials, and supplies related to their research, presentation, short course enrollment, workshops, and training.
Participation in a peer network system of diversity and/or underrepresented graduate students.
Please see the Request for Proposals.
Please review the Request for Proposals document. If you have further questions, please email Program Officer Alfred Mays.


text:
Следствие в математике — утверждение, которое легко можно доказать из предыдущего утверждения.

Обзор
В математике, следствием является теорема с небольшим доказательством, которое следует из другой теоремы. Использование термина следствие вместо «утверждение» или «теорема» субъективно.

Утверждение Б является следствием утверждения А, если Б можно легко вывести из А. Следствие, как правило, вторично по отношению к основной теореме; если следствие играет большую роль, то его вряд ли назовут следствием.

См. также

 Аксиома
 Лемма (математика)
 Теорема

Примечания

Ссылки

 From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Corollary.html

Теоремы
Математические термины
Страницы с непроверенными переводами

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to count HTML tags with R/Python [SOLVED]
I'm looking for a way to count the tags number of a HTML page using R or Python (preference R).
Given the following HTML code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- Conteúdo -->
</body>
</html>

The output can be any object containing the number of tags (vector, table, list, etc.). Before that, I also need to know how to read the HTML page in the R(python) in a way that makes it easier to count.
Thanks :)

A: [Problem Solved] I created the following code in Python. With him I was able to, given a directory containing HTML files, return a nested list containing the name of the page and the number of tags of each type it contains:
class ContaTags:

def __init__(self, path):
    self.path = path
    self.arquivos = []
    self.tags = []
    self.Lista = []
    count = []

def run(self):
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from html.parser import HTMLParser

    class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
        def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
            count.append(tag)

        def handle_endtag(self, tag):
            count.append(tag)

    import os

    parser = MyHTMLParser()

    for file in os.listdir(self.path):
        if file.endswith(".html"):
            self.arquivos.append(file)

            caminho = (self.path + "\\" + file)

            doc = open(caminho, "r", encoding = "utf8")
            soup = BeautifulSoup(doc, 'html.parser')

            count = []
            parser.feed(soup.prettify())

            self.tags.append(count)

    from collections import Counter

    z = []

    for i, item in enumerate(self.tags):
        z.append(Counter(self.tags[i]))

    self.Lista = list(zip(self.arquivos, z))

    return self.Lista

Calling the class:
Sample = ContaTags("... Directory of Files...")
Sample.run()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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El Campillo de la Jara es un municipio español de la provincia de Toledo, en la comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Toponimia
El término "Campillo" se debe a las parcelas o cercas de cultivo cereal que se distribuyen entre el caserío y en sus inmediaciones. El predicado indica la comarca a la que pertenece.

Geografía
El municipio se encuentra situado en una llanura de la comarca de La Jara y linda con los términos municipales de Aldeanueva de San Bartolomé, La Estrella, La Nava de Ricomalillo, Sevilleja de la Jara, Puerto de San Vicente y Mohedas de la Jara, todos de Toledo.

Por su término discurren los ríos Cubilar y Uso. El primero es afluente del segundo y éste del Tajo.

Historia
Tras la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa comienza a poblarse la zona, conociéndose el poblado como la "Nava del Campillo". En 1495 aparece ya como El Campillo.

A mediados del siglo XIX su industria se componía de 14 molinos de harina y 3 de aceite. La producción agrícola se basaba en algunos cereales, legumbres y olivas. El presupuesto municipal era de 6.400 reales de los cuales 2.000 eran para pagar al secretario, y se cubría con la producción de bellota, los pastos de la dehesa y los impuestos vecinales.

Administración

Demografía
En la siguiente tabla se muestra la evolución del número de habitantes entre 1900 y 2017 según datos del INE.

NOTA: La cifra de 1996 está referida a 1 de mayo y el resto a 1 de enero.

Monumentos
 Ermita de Santa Perpetua y Santiago.
 Parroquia de la Cátedra de San Pedro en Antioquía.

Fiestas
 3 de febrero: San Blas. Patrón de la localidad.
Primer y segundo fin de semana del mes de agosto. Fiestas de la Juventud.

Turismo y naturaleza

 Vía verde de la Jara: Proyecto de trazado ferroviario, que nunca llegó a culminar debido a la guerra, reconvertido actualmente en una ruta turística a través de la naturaleza propia de la comarca de la Jara. Contando con espacios protegidos como son las Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves, flora como jaras y cantuesos, fauna como ciervos, jabalíes y zorros, o aves emblemáticas como águila-azor perdicera, el águila imperial ibérica, el águila real y la cigüeña negra, hacen que recorrer esta vía de aluviones silicios al norte y de bancos de pizarras al sur acompañados de rios y embalses sea algo más que el recuerdo de lo que nunca fue.

Referencias

Biliografía

Enlaces externos

 Diputación de Toledo
 Página no oficial de la población

Municipios de la provincia de Toledo
Campillo de la jara, el


text:
Q: Android : unable to get data payload in firebase notification message Might be some small thing I am missing here.
I am unable to get the data payload for the notification message. What is wrong with this code? :
   Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras();
   Intent intent  = getIntent();
Set<String> strings =  extras.keySet();

for(String each: strings){

    Log.d("notiffff", each);

}

This code executes after I click the notification message from the system tray (from a notification delivered in the background). The optional data payload I put in the console does not appear here. I want it, where am I going wrong?


Cascade's beloved Superwash yarn is now available in a true aran weight! This super soft fiber is machine wash and dry, and comes in a vast variety of colors.
Cascade 128 Superwash Yarn is a similar yarn: merino wool, machine wash, 100 gram, and 100% superwash merino wool. You may also like Cascade Longwood Yarn, which is another similar yarn: merino wool, machine wash, heavy worsted/aran (16-18 sts/4 in), and 100 gram.
You may enjoy taking a look at the Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Fistful of Fringe Poncho, Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Heart Baby Blanket, Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Knit Cabled Cowl, and Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Magdalen Shawl kits all using Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Yarn.
Hopefully our suggested project ideas for Cascade 220 Superwash Aran Yarn can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!


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Q: Verify 2 Lists are equal based on element in parent class (in order too) in Java I have a class B which extends class A
abstract class A{
 Integer val;
}
class B extends A {...}

Now there is a list1 of class A objects, which I need to compare and check if they are equal in values and order as well, with another list2 I get after I apply a certain sort on the list1
B var1 = new B();
B.setVal(1);
B var2 = new B();
B.setVal(null);
B var3 = new B();
B.setVal(10);
B var4 = new B();
B.setVal(15);
List<B> list1 = Lists.newArrayList();

Now I have a sort method which gives list2
list2 = [null,1,5,10]

What method can I use to verify list1<>list2 ?
When I tried equals(), it is giving me list1 == list2

A: This might work for you:
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

abstract class A{
    Integer val;

    public void setVal(Integer val) {
        this.val = val;
    }

    public Integer getVal() {
        return val;
    }
}
class B extends A {

}
public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        List<B> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
        B var1 = new B();
        var1.setVal(1);
        B var2 = new B();
        var2.setVal(null);
        B var3 = new B();
        var3.setVal(10);
        B var4 = new B();
        var4.setVal(5);
        list1.add(var1);
        list1.add(var2);
        list1.add(var3);
        list1.add(var4);
        List<Integer> list2 = Arrays.asList(new Integer[]{null,1,5,10});
        List<Integer> list3 = list1.stream().map(B::getVal).collect(Collectors.toList());

        System.out.println("Both list are equal "+list3.containsAll(list2));
    }

}

Here I have converted bist of B's object to list of B.val and then checked whether all the value in list1 and list2 are equal.

A: If you need to compare instance of List<B> to List<Integer> taking the order of the elements into account, first you need to check if both lists have the same size and then compare each element in both lists at appropriate position using Objects.equals which may return true if both arguments are null:
static boolean listsAreEqual(List<B> listB, List<Integer> listInts) {
    return listB.size() != listInts.size() ? false :
        IntStream.range(0, listB.size())
                 .allMatch(i -> Objects.equals(listB.get(i).getVal(), listInts.get(i)));
}

Additionally, you may need to assume the lists equal when some instance of B is null (not just its val field) and appropriate Integer is null:
static boolean listsAreEqualWithNulls(List<B> listB, List<Integer> listInts) {
    return listB.size() != listInts.size() ? false :
        IntStream.range(0, listB.size())
                 .allMatch(i ->
                     Objects.equals(
                         Optional.ofNullable(listB.get(i)).map(B::getVal).orElse(null),
                         listInts.get(i)
    ));
}


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text:
Little-Known Facts About Black History, Culture, Inventions, and More!
Home News/ Blog Museums Organizations About Us Contact Us
A Black Man Founded the City of Chicago
The founder of the city of Chicago was Jean-Baptiste Pointe DuSable. He was born to a white Frenchman and an African-born Black woman in Saint-Domingue, Haiti (a French colony at the time) during the Haitian Revolution. At some point he settled in the part of North America that is now known as the city of Chicago, and was described in historical documents as "a handsome negro."
In the late 1700's, Jean-Baptiste was the first person to establish an extensive and prosperous trading settlement in what would become the city of Chicago. Historic documents confirm that his property was right at the mouth of the Chicago River.
Many people, however, believe that John Kinzie (a white trader) and his family were the first to settle in the area that is now known as Chicago, and it is true that the Kinzie family were Chicago's first "permanent" European settlers. But the truth is that the Kinzie family purchased their property from a French trader who had purchased it from Jean-Baptiste.
He died in August 1818, and because he was a Black man, many people tried to white wash the story of Chicago's founding. But in 1912, after the Great Migration, a plaque commemorating Jean-Baptiste appeared in downtown Chicago on the site of his former home.
Later in 1913, a white historian named Dr. Milo Milton Quaife also recognized Jean-Baptiste as the founder of Chicago. And as the years went by, more and more Black notables such as Carter G. Woodson and Langston Hughes began to include Jean-Baptiste in their writings as "the brownskin pioneer who founded the Windy City."
Now, most African Americans who are from the Chicago are well aware of their city's founder, and fight to keep his story alive. In fact, in 2009, a bronze bust of Jean-Baptiste was designed and placed in Pioneer Square in Chicago along the Magnificent Mile.
There is also a popular museum in Chicago named after him called the DuSable Museum of African American History!
Watch a brief documentary below about his story:
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The Real Betty Boop Was a Black Woman... Before She Was Whitewashed!
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text:
Reporter573-761-0247573-761-0247[email protected]
Recent stories by Sam Richardson
Graham honored for efforts on MLK legacy When Carlos Graham thinks of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, he is wont to focus on the word "perseverance." Feb. 13 2017 @ 11:30pm
11 of 15 owners of East Capitol properties respond The Jefferson City Housing Authority's "you may be acquired" letters to owners of property in the East Capitol Avenue Urban Renewal Plan Area brought a wave of mailed responses, Executive Director Cynthia Quetsch reported Monday. Feb. 13 2017 @ 11:23pm
Parks staff moves into Wellness Center, immediately prepares for first event Aaron Grefrath's almost two-decades-old professional career and most of his adult life have been engaged in the recreation field. Feb. 12 2017 @ 1:15am
Truman Hotel plan clears first hurdle The Puri family's latest proposal for two new hotels and a conference center along Jefferson Street won unanimous approval from the Jefferson City Planning and Zoning Commission at its Thursday meeting at City Hall. Feb. 9 2017 @ 11:01pm
City in good financial standing for first quarter Jefferson City's financial health is positive and the prognosis is just as good, Margie Mueller, director of finance, reported Thursday morning to the Finance Committee. Feb. 9 2017 @ 10:58pm
Farmers getting 2 parcels from city The F&F Development Corp. unit of the Farmer Companies has requested and is receiving an easement from Jefferson City on two small parcels of land within the former St. Mary's Health Center campus it acquired in December 2015. Feb. 8 2017 @ 11:55pm
Dates set for bulky item pick-up Like the budding of the trees and the chirping of robins, a sure harbinger of spring in Jefferson City is the annual bulky items pick-up — the label Jefferson City has adhered to its collection of old microwaves, mattresses, recliners and other "large bulky items." Feb. 8 2017 @ 10:59pm
City salaries, new sidewalks among Council discussions At its Monday meeting, the Jefferson City Council approved a bill authorizing a $25,350 contract with Advanced Electric & Communications of Jefferson City to remove old warning siren poles. Feb. 7 2017 @ 11:02pm
Dates set for opening of wellness center Almost two years to the day since the Parks, Recreation and Forestry Department signed its memorandum of understanding with the Lincoln University Board of Curators, the public will have its first chance to try the glistening basketball courts, computerized fitness center apparatus and other amenities of the University Wellness and Parks Multi-Purpose Recreation Center on the Lincoln campus. Feb. 6 2017 @ 11:45pm
Double duty in the House Sherri Kempf has been around the Missouri House of Representatives for a half dozen years, one of the many career administrative aides who keep the institution humming from election to election, regardless of the name on the door. Feb. 5 2017 @ 7:25pm
Parks staff begin moving to new quarters The Wi-Fi at the new Lincoln University Wellness and Parks Multi-Purpose Recreation Center may not be functioning just yet, but the Jefferson City Parks, Recreation and Forestry Department's executive staffers are on their way. Feb. 5 2017 @ 12:55am
City officials discuss firefighter pensions Officials of the Jefferson City Firemen's Retirement Fund received their annual report this week. Feb. 3 2017 @ 11:18pm
New wellness center construction wraps up Construction on the Lincoln University Wellness and Jefferson City Parks Multipurpose Recreation Center was completed on schedule, Parks, Recreation and Forestry Department Director Todd Spalding reported this week. The long-announced target of Jan. 30 was met, he said. Feb. 2 2017 @ 11:12pm
JeffTran promotions yielding more pass sales Two promotions recently launched by the JeffTran bus system are stimulating pass sales and hopefully attracting new ridership, the Public Transit Advisory Committee learned Tuesday afternoon. Jan. 31 2017 @ 11:36pm
Straw vote set in stone Mayor Carrie Tergin had a clear mission at Monday night's joint meeting of the Jefferson City Council and the Housing Authority Board of Commissioners at City Hall. Jan. 30 2017 @ 11:01pm
City honors Pipes and Drums The Jefferson City Firefighters Pipes and Drums, four-members strong, were recognized at City Hall earlier this month as the city's Outstanding Employee Service Award winner for January. Jan. 29 2017 @ 6:11pm
Panels to explore criteria, priorities for urban renewal A list of the East Capitol Avenue Urban Renewal Plan's priority properties and the criteria for prioritizing them have been open questions in search of answers from the Jefferson City Housing Authority and the City Council for weeks. Jan. 29 2017 @ 2:30am
CVB: Internet helped fan MSP's popularity Fans of the Missouri State Penitentiary numbered at least three-quarters of a million in 2016, or so Google says. Jan. 27 2017 @ 11:27pm
Traffic patterns changed near middle school At Lewis and Clark Middle School, a bus fleet, emergency and public safety vehicles of all sorts, and the twice-a-day traffic generated by the parents of 930 students have presented an omnipresent challenge for Jefferson City Public Schools. Jan. 27 2017 @ 11:26pm
Truman Hotel plan re-emerges Efforts to launch a $58 million redevelopment of the 9-acre Truman Hotel site in the 1500 block of Jefferson Street will return to a city agenda when a new proposal is presented at the Feb. 9 meeting of the Jefferson City Planning and Zoning Commission. Jan. 27 2017 @ 11:23pm


Full Day to Anglesey and Beaumaris. Travel to Anglesey with time to explore the charming town of Beaumaris before paying a visit to LlanfairPG, famous not only for its inordinately long name, but also for Pringle's Woollen Mills, where we have a short stop.
Full Day to Betws-y-Coed and Conwy. Travel down the Vale of Conwy, through Llanwrst to Betws-y-Coed, a wooded village in a picturesque setting where three rivers meet. Then continue on to the historic town of Conwy, with its mighty castle and medieval town walls.
Full Day to Caernarfon and Snowden. A magnificent journey today takes you along the shores of Conwy Bay to Caernarfon with its magnificent castle beside the harbour. Travel inland to Porthmadog and see more of Snowdonia on your return journey via Llanberis at the foot of Snowdon.


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Stronger communities the key to keeping children safe
The sexual abuse allegations against a number of people from Roebourne illustrate a simple truth – children and young people will always be at risk when they are not actively supported to speak up if they are scared or concerned about their safety.
Most WA children and young people have supportive networks of parents, other family members and adults in the community who they trust and know they can speak to when they have concerns.
While we must remain vigilant and ensure all our organisations establish strong child-safe processes, thankfully most children and young people are very safe and well supported.
Of course, there are other WA children and young people who do not have these support networks, and as a result they are extremely vulnerable.
The scale of the sexual abuse allegedly committed against Roebourne children shocks me and raises a number of issues.
Considering the State government review of services being provided to Roebourne found there were over 60 different government and non-government agencies in this town, it is very concerning to me that this alleged abuse was not detected earlier.
How was it that no child reached out about their concerns to the multitude of professionals working with these 60 agencies, or if they did, why was nothing done sooner?
The fact is that the children and young people allegedly subject to this horrible abuse were able to reach out and have their voices heard as soon as the appropriate resources and systems were put in place for them to do so.
Despite the current focus on institutional abuse of children, the reality is that much abuse against children occurs in private homes or is perpetrated by family members or adults known to them.
Improving the safety of vulnerable children and young people requires a complete and unyielding focus on establishing a commitment and culture of safety among service providers, families and community members themselves, just as many institutions have now realised is necessary.
From my perspective it is unfortunate that debate following the situation in Roebourne has been distracted from the real issues at hand.
Firstly, all WA children and young people must know who they can confidently approach when they are scared or worried about their safety. This requires government and non-government service providers already working in these communities to share information and take action. Often, the complete picture is not known until all agencies discuss what they know and what has been disclosed to each.
Secondly, strong community leaders must be supported to lead change. Issues will remain in Roebourne and other communities until a community-led response commences, but the response is unlikely to emerge without external support.
There are models which show us how this can occur. Since the mid-90s, June Oscar and other women in Fitzroy Crossing have fought to protect children and young people from the effects of alcohol abuse and the breakdown of cultural supports.
They faced great adversity and criticism from many but by maintaining their absolute focus on the health and welfare of Fitzroy Crossing children and young people, great advances have been made in this community, while acknowledging much is still to be achieved.
Thirdly, families need to be better supported to help children prosper. Current machinery of government reforms must find better ways of working with individual families to resolve the complex issues they are experiencing.
Finally, we must stop considering each of the outcomes of disadvantage experienced by children and young people separately, particularly for Aboriginal children and young people, as this is stalling meaningful change.
The current Inquiry being conducted into Kimberley suicides, the issues around Banksia Hill, the over-representation of Aboriginal young people in youth justice, the increasing numbers of children in child protection, and the historical sexual abuse of children in Roebourne and other places all have as their genesis very similar issues – intergenerational trauma, disadvantage and family dysfunction.
Children and young people have told me the same thing in consultations my office has coordinated – the underlying issues are consistent and we know what they are.
To stop this terrible abuse from occurring again change must emerge from the communities themselves.
There are people in every community who can drive this change, and it is vital that we start providing the supports that enable these people to emulate the work of June Oscar and other strong community leaders.
Colin Pettit
Commissioner for Children and Young People WA
Resources - Child Safe Organisations WA


text:
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Home Perspectives Animal Farm revisited
Animal Farm revisited
Israel Shamir
Recently sifting through the archives of George Orwell I came across a long letter apparently written by one of the late writer's friends. The letter purports to be a follow-up to the events which took place on Animal Farm, that unique experiment in animal self rule:
Dear George, My research brought me to the Farm in **shire, which you described so vividly in your book. I can't tell you how excited I was to receive the Academy grant to study the only Farm in the world where Animals managed their own affairs.
I knew that full democracy at the Farm had been substituted almost immediately by the harsh rule of Pigs and their ferocious Dogs, so I was rather afraid to cross its well-fortified perimeter. As I was driven in a Horse-cart through the wide avenues of the Farmstead, Linda the Piglet told me that the horrors of oppression described in your book were now consigned to history and a liberal system had come into existence.
The place was one of the least efficient farms in the area. But the Animals were well fed and decently housed, though in rather shabby shacks. It was not a place of total equality; a small band of specially bred Pigs was in charge. But even their superior conditions did not seem to differ greatly from the rest – a bit more grub, a slightly bigger shack, access to a Farm- owned cart.
The Animals were not content. And the closer an Animal was to the pinnacle of power, the more dissatisfied she or he was. Linda's dream was to go into the world of Humans and become the star of the Muppet Show. That evening she brought some friends round to my Human Lodge room. They were ruling Pigs and intellectual Foxes – the only kinds of the animals which a stranger like me would meet at the Farm. The proletarian Horses and peasant Cows couldn't speak Human language anyway.
All the visitors complained. The Pigs compared their sty with palaces of Texan oil millionaires (they watched 'Dallas'). I met one prominent Pig, Stinky, who had everything the Farm could give. He was the boss of the Massage parlour for the Ruling Pigs and therefore belonged to the elite. That meant unlimited grub, a nice sty in the Centre, a comfortable country cottage and opportunities to go to London and Paris.
'You must be content with your life,' I commented.
'No, I am an unhappy creature,' he whined, 'whenever I go to Paris or New York I have to economize and stay in our own service flats. The joys of the Cote d'Azur are not for me, I cannot shop in the Faubourg St Honore.'
'But you have your own pretty vacation resorts, your own jewellers,' I argued.
'They are not as good as yours,'he said firmly.
The Foxes were even more unhappy. 'We are forced to live in the same houses as horses,' a Red Fox told me. 'We with our superb education – living with those coarse beasts.' The Silver Foxes proudly proclaimed their North American origin; one showed me an article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica attesting to this fact. 'You see,' he said, 'we could be living in Beverly Hills. I have a relative who moved back to America and has landed on Nancy Reagan's shoulders.'
'Life is so gorgeous outside,' exclaimed Linda. 'I once went to a Pig exhibition in Montreal. We stayed in golden sties, washed in huge bathtubs and were served real French fries. Just think: we all could have such a life. But our bosses will not have it. They keep telling us that Humans would eat us, slaughter us, take away our children… Tell us, how can we get rid of the ruling Pigs and join Humankind?'
I found myself in a dubious position. This enthusiasm for Human society was exciting and contagious, but the vision was patently too optimistic. I mumbled something about pork chops. Linda looked at me with horror: 'I should have figured it out for myself – if you were invited to the Farm, you must have agreed to support Rotten's brainwashing machine. It's good that not all Humans are like that. Mr Johnson, for example…'
'Who is Mr Johnson?,' I inquired.
'I am Mr Johnson,' said a tall, blond, clean-shaven man in a well-cut grey suit who entered my room without knocking.
'Dear Mr Johnson,' the others greeted him. 'You are back. Did you bring those little things you promised?'
'Yes, I did. Here is a pack of Marlboros for you, Linda, and some Christian Dior for you, Stinky, and blue jeans for you, Rose…'
I learned that Mr Johnson was the heir to the huge Johnson Ranch to the West and was a regular visitor to Animal Farm where he would buy up surplus produce and sell nice things from the Big World.
He later told me that his father, Jamison Johnson senior, dreamed of making his eastern neighbour's lands part of his estate. If modernized, Animal Farm could be a good source of income, producing milk, meat and hides…
Business aside, Mr Johnson senior was quite obsessed with the idea of regaining Animal Farm for people. 'The thought of animals ruling themselves is a horrible profanity,' he would say, 'it could lead my cows and horses into temptation.'
Anyway, Mr Johnson junior had come that evening for a special religious occasion – to celebrate the Cargo Cult. Its Chief Priest was Stinky.
'Ladies and gentlemen,' Stinky proclaimed, 'let us thank our Great Benefactor, dear Mr Johnson. And let us thank The Great Box of Goods.' The animals cheered.
But Mr Johnson had some bad news: 'We tried to convince Chairman Rotten to sell us some meadows which border with our Ranch, but he didn't agree. That is why you cannot have all the sweets and goodies you asked for, dear Stinky.'
'Bloody Rotten,' fumed Stinky, 'What do we need those meadows for? We have enough meadows. It's sweets we are short of. Next week I'll come to your ranch and we shall see what we can do.'
They walked away hand in hand.
I did not understand then that I had witnessed the great moment: the beginning of the revolution which was to change the face of Animal Farm…
(Mr. Israel Shamir, is one of best-known and most respected Russian Israeli writer and journalist. He wrote for Haaretz, BBC, Pravda and translated Agnon, Joyce and Homer into Russian. He lives in Tel Aviv and writes a weekly column in the Vesti, the biggest Russian-language paper in Israel.)
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Human Hair For Crochet Braids Is one kind of hairstyle. Haircut or A hairstyle denotes the styling of hair, usually on the scalp. This may mean an editing of hair. The fashioning of baldness can be regarded as an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and makeup, although practical, cultural, and considerations affect some hairstyles.
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Ultra Beatdown é o quarto álbum de estúdio da banda inglesa de power metal DragonForce, lançado em 20 de Agosto de 2008 no Japão através da JVC e em 26 de Agosto de 2008 a nível mundial através da Roadrunner Records  e Universal Music. Foi o primeiro álbum de estúdio tendo Frédéric Leclercq como baixista. A 4 de Julho de 2008 o primeiro single do álbum, "Heroes of Our Time", foi colocado no seu perfil MySpace, e em 8 de Julho de 2008, o vídeo para o single também foi divulgado no mesmo endereço eletrônico. As canções "Heartbreak Armageddon", "The Fire Still Burns" e "A Flame for Freedom" foram tocadas na Rock Radio 106.1 durante uma entrevista com ZP Theart em 15 de Julho de 2008. Em  14 de Agosto de 2008 Ultra Beatdown encontrava-se disponível para pré-encomenda no site oficial do DragonForce. Em 18 de Agosto 2008, o álbum ficou disponível para ouvir na página MySpace da banda.

Antes do lançamento do álbum, a canção mais curta (excluindo "Invocation of Apocalyptic Evil", a introdução de 14 segundos de Valley of the Damned) foi a faixa "Dawn Over a New World", do segundo álbum,Sonic Firestorm. Contudo, a faixa "Strike of the Ninja" da edição especial é quem detém o recorde agora. Esta canção também é a primeira e, até agora, única canção gravada por DragonForce com uma duração de menos de cinco minutos, ainda que seja devido a uma regravação de "Feel the Fire", do projeto secundário de Sam Totman, Shadow Warriors.

Numa entrevista recente, o baixista Frédéric Leclercq afirmou que "The Last Journey Home" pode estar a receber um videoclipe em 2009, ou talvez mais tarde. Ele também anunciou que eles podem liberar um DVD ao vivo em 2009-2010.

Digressão
A primeira ronda de DragonForce's Ultra Beatdown World Tour começou a 25 de Setembro de 2008 no The Zodiac, Oxford com Turisas. Nos EUA / Canadá a digressão incluiu também a banda Powerglove. Teve término em Abril de 2009.

Crítica
A canção "Heroes of Our Time" foi nomeado para um Grammy.
A 28 de Agosto o álbum entrou para # 9 no Japão  inclusive entrou nas paradas australianas na primeira semana de Setembro em # 19  e na mesma semana em # 18, ambos nas paradas britânicas e na Billboard 200.

Alinhamento de faixas

Desempenho nas tabelas musicais

Álbum

Integrantes

Membros da banda
 ZP Theart – Vocais
 Herman Li – Guitarra, Vocal de apoio, Produtor, Mixagem, Arranjos
 Sam Totman – Guitarra, Vocal de apoio, Produtor, Mixagem
 Vadim Pruzhanov – Teclado, Piano, Theremin, Kaoss Pad, Vocal de apoio
 Dave Mackintosh – Bateria, Vocal de apoio
 Frédéric Leclercq – Baixo, Vocal de apoio, Guitarra Adicional

Convidados
 Clive Nolan – Vocal de apoio, Teclado Adicional

Equipa técnica
 Karl Groom – Produção, Mixagem, Arranjos
 Mika Jussila – Maestro
 Android Jones –  Trabalho de Arte

Ligações externas

Álbuns de DragonForce
Álbuns de 2008
Álbuns conceituais


For the second year running, We are very excited to offer another Kossa Geshe coffee from Producer Abdul-Wahid. Part of the sucess of the Kossa Geshe farm comes from a closely monitered nursery where baby coffee tree's are cared after in the shade. There is a natural spring on the farm, that provides an organic source of water. All of this make for a cup that is very fruit forward and balanced.


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Q: Out of memory ! Bitmap Vm memory exceds budget error when using lot of Bitmaps for my game     package com.anu;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback;
public class GameView extends SurfaceView {
  public static int a,y;
private Bitmap bm ,hud;
   private SurfaceHolder holder;
   private GameLoopThread gameLoopThread;

   private long lastClick;
private Bitmap bmpBlood ;
private static boolean ab=true;
Timex n = new Timex();

private List<Sprite> sprites = new ArrayList<Sprite>();
private List<Sprite> sprites2 = new ArrayList<Sprite>();
private List<Sprite> sprites3 = new ArrayList<Sprite>();
private List<Sprite> sprites4 = new ArrayList<Sprite>();
private List<Sprite> sprites5 = new ArrayList<Sprite>();
private List<Sprite> sprites6 = new ArrayList<Sprite>();

private List<TempSprite> temps = new ArrayList<TempSprite>();

       public GameView(Context context) {
         super(context);
         gameLoopThread = new GameLoopThread(this);
         holder = getHolder();
         holder.addCallback(new Callback()
           {
                @Override
                public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                }
                @Override
                public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                    int t2 =Timex.a;
                                      createSprites();
                                      cs2();
                                      cs3();
                                      cs4();

                                    /*  if(t2>10){
                                      cs2();}
                                      if(t2>20){
                                      cs3();}
                                      if(t2>30){
                                      cs4();}
                                      if(t2>40){
                                          cs5();
                                      }*/
                       gameLoopThread.setRunning(true);
                       gameLoopThread.start();
                       n.start();

                }
                @Override
                public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format,
                              int width, int height) {
                }
         });
         bmpBlood = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.blood2);
          bm = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.sky4);
          Bitmap  o = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap( bm, 800, 490, false);
          bm=o;

   }

   private void createSprites() {
       sprites.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act0));
       sprites.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act0));
       sprites.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act0));
       sprites.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act0));
       sprites.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act0));

   }

   private Sprite createSprite(int resouce) {
        Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resouce);
         return new Sprite(this, bmp);
   }
   private void cs2() {
       sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
       sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
       sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
       sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
       sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act ));
   }
   private void cs3() {
       sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
       sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
       sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
       sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
       sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));

   }
   private void cs4() {
       sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
       sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
       sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
       sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
       sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
   }
   private void cs5() {
       sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
       sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
       sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
       sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
       sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));

   }
   private void cs6() {
         sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
         sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
         sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
         sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
         sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
           }

   @Override
   protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        canvas.drawColor(Color.rgb(21, 181, 195));
        canvas.drawBitmap(bm, 0, 0, null);

             for (int i = temps.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
             temps.get(i).onDraw(canvas);
       }
         int tt = Timex.a;
             if(tt>0){
             for (Sprite wave2 : sprites) {
              wave2.onDraw(canvas);

              }
             if(tt>10){

             for (Sprite wave2 : sprites2) {
              wave2.onDraw(canvas);
              }
             if(tt>20){
                for (Sprite wave2 : sprites3) {
                      wave2.onDraw(canvas);
                      }
            }
             if(tt>30){
                for (Sprite wave2 : sprites4) {
                      wave2.onDraw(canvas);

                      }
                 if(tt>40){
                     for (Sprite wave2 : sprites5) {
                      wave2.onDraw(canvas);
                      }
                 }

               }

         }

        canvas.drawBitmap(hud, 0, 0, null);

         }
          }
             @Override
            public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
           int kt=Timex.a;
           if (System.currentTimeMillis() - lastClick > 500) {
                  lastClick = System.currentTimeMillis();
             synchronized (getHolder()) {
             float x = event.getX();
                float y =event.getY();
                if(kt>0){
                   for (int i = sprites.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                        Sprite sprite = sprites.get(i);
                        if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                              sprites.remove(sprite);

                            temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                              break;
                        }
                    }}
                if(kt>10){
                   for (int i = sprites2.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                       Sprite sprite = sprites2.get(i);
                       if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                             sprites2.remove(sprite);

                        temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                             break;
                       }}
                   }
                if(kt>20){
                   for (int i = sprites3.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                       Sprite sprite = sprites3.get(i);
                       if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                             sprites3.remove(sprite);

                        temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                             break;
                       }
                   }}
                if(kt>30)
                   for (int i = sprites4.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                       Sprite sprite = sprites4.get(i);
                       if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                             sprites4.remove(sprite);

                        temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                             break;
                       }
                   }
                if(kt>40)
                       for (int i = sprites5.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                           Sprite sprite = sprites5.get(i);
                           if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                                 sprites5.remove(sprite);

                            temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                                 break;
                           }
                       }
                if(kt>50)
                       for (int i = sprites6.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                           Sprite sprite = sprites6.get(i);
                           if (sprite.isCollition(x, y)) {
                                 sprites6.remove(sprite);

                            temps.add(new TempSprite(temps, this, x, y, bmpBlood));
                                 break;
                           }
                       }
                }
         }
         return true;
   }
  }

This is my game code . where  i get multiple sprite in list and use them to display in canvas with On draw method they game runs fine till cs4(); in my code runs ..when i call cs5(); i get error saying bitmap vm budget out of memory . i thought when i destroy sprites while playing game  i could reduce the budget  but i keep getting the same error . i want to usecs2();,cs3(),cs4(),cs5()  again and again in my game without exceeding the vm budget . how to get this running by clearing the previous bitmap cleared in memory and create new image from the method and use them again .. i thought scaling would help but my bitmaps are very small so if i scale them they become very small to see so i want to use the same image with same size and display again and again in canvas
Thank you all !
UPDATE
my sprite class
  package com.anu;

  import java.util.Random;

  import android.graphics.Bitmap;

  import android.graphics.Canvas;

 import android.graphics.Rect;

 public class Sprite {
  // direction = 0 up, 1 left, 2 down, 3 right,
   // animation = 3 back, 1 left, 0 front, 2 right
   int[] DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP = { 3, 1, 0, 2 };
   private static final int BMP_ROWS = 4;
   private static final int BMP_COLUMNS = 3;
 //  private static final int MAX_SPEED = 9;
   private GameView gameView;
   private Bitmap bmp;
   private int x = 0;
   private int y = 0;
   private int xSpeed =15;
   private int ySpeed=15;
   private int currentFrame = 0;
   private int width;
   private int height;

   public Sprite(GameView gameView, Bitmap bmp) {
         this.width = bmp.getWidth() / BMP_COLUMNS;
         this.height = bmp.getHeight() / BMP_ROWS;
         this.gameView = gameView;
         this.bmp = bmp;
         Random rnd = new Random();
         x = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getWidth() - width);
         y = rnd.nextInt(gameView.getHeight() - height);
    //     xSpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED;
      //   ySpeed = rnd.nextInt(MAX_SPEED * 2) - MAX_SPEED;
  }
   private void update() {
         if (x >= gameView.getWidth() - width - xSpeed || x + xSpeed <= 0) {
                xSpeed = -xSpeed;
         }
         x = x + xSpeed;
         if (y >= gameView.getHeight() - height - ySpeed || y + ySpeed <= 0) {
                ySpeed = -ySpeed;
         }
         y = y + ySpeed;
         currentFrame = ++currentFrame % BMP_COLUMNS;
  }

   public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
         update();
         int srcX = currentFrame * width;
         int srcY = getAnimationRow() * height;
         Rect src = new Rect(srcX, srcY, srcX + width, srcY + height);
         Rect dst = new Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height);
         canvas.drawBitmap(bmp, src, dst, null);
   }

   private int getAnimationRow() {
         double dirDouble = (Math.atan2(xSpeed, ySpeed) / (Math.PI / 2) + 2);
         int direction = (int) Math.round(dirDouble) % BMP_ROWS;
         return DIRECTION_TO_ANIMATION_MAP[direction];
   }

   public boolean isCollition(float x2, float y2) {
         return x2 > x && x2 < x + width && y2 > y && y2 < y + height;
   }
   }

A: The following code is just wrong becuase you create in each of your cs2, cs3 etc 5 times the same bitmap/sprite. This is just wrong and the reason why you have the OOM. There is no reason why you should add the same bitmap 5 times to a list...
private Sprite createSprite(int resouce) {
    Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resouce);
     return new Sprite(this, bmp);
}
private void cs2() {
   sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
   sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
   sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
   sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act));
   sprites2.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act ));
}
private void cs3() {
   sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
   sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
   sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
   sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
   sprites3.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act1));
}
private void cs4() {
   sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
   sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
   sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
   sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
   sprites4.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act2));
}
private void cs5() {
   sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
   sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
   sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
   sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
   sprites5.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act3));
}
private void cs6() {
     sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
     sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
     sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
     sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
     sprites6.add(createSprite(R.drawable.act4));
}

Update

i want to create 5 enemies each time i call the function later on i send enemies in different combos

So you should reuse one(!!) drawable for each of your enemies. That means: Create an enemy class which will use the same drawable. That would reduce the uses images to 1 per enemy type.


RetailPlus Retractable RJ45 LAN Patch Cable is the perfect laptop accessory for mobile uses, with the convenience to connect to the internet with the plug and play(network-enabled). The retractable cable allows you to save space, and yet mobile enough to be carry around. The connection allow you to connect your laptop/netbook to a wall outlet, router, hub, or any other network-enabled device, providing simple access to high-speed networks or the Internet while you are traveling.


Very cute and comfortable, this stretch playsuit is ready for dancing in!
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10 CM stretch from measurement mentioned.
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A remix of Bodhi Seeds' Jabba's Stash, Lando's Stash crosses Snow Lotus with Sage Pure Kush instead of Bubba Kush. The small dense buds are light green and blanketed in trichomes. Expect a warm, spicy, exotic aroma that will awaken your senses and inspire introspective conversations. Give Lando's Stash a shot if you're planning a journey through the stars or just want to dance the night away.


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Hero provides near real-time information to the people who need it. Information such as shelters near your location, bed availability of those shelters, nearby places to eat a meal and much more.
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Comments for this submission are closed. View the software in joet3ch's portfolio to continue the conversation.


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The parametrization of longitudinal profiles for particle showers produced by the primary
nuclei in atmosphere, is an essential tool for the primary nuclei identification
and the evaluation of primary energy. Experiments that sample the shower
longitudinal development using Cherenkov light images \cite{HiRes} or air fluorescence
\cite{Auger,TArray} from different traversed atmosphere depths, extract the position of shower maximum,
which is sensitive to the incident primary nucleus.
The integral of shower profile strongly correlates with primary energy \cite{Matthews}.

The shower longitudinal profile is a dependence  of the shower particle number
($N$) on a given traversed atmospheric depth, $T$. The parametrization of shower profile commonly
used in cosmic-ray experiments is Gaisser-Hillas formula \cite{GH}:
\begin{equation}\label{one}
N(X)=N_{max}\left(\frac{X}{X_{max}}\right)^{X_{max}}\exp{(X_{max}-X)}\;,
\end{equation}
where $X=(T-X_0)/\lambda$ and $X_{max}=(T_{max}-X_0)/\lambda$.

The maximum number of shower particles $N_{max}$ at the traversed atmosphere depth $T_{max}$ along with $X_0$ and $\lambda$
in expression (1) are free parameters that depend on the primary nucleus and energy.

The standard primary nuclei composition consists of
the first 28 nuclei of the periodic table with mass (nucleon) numbers $A=1,\dots56$
usually divided into four-six groups (species) H, He, CNO-like, Si-like, Fe-like.
The large number of nuclei species (more than four) increases the uncertainties of the
inverse problem ($E$ and $A$ reconstruction) falsely improving the agreement of experiment
with the theory \cite{samo}.

The primary energy region responsible for particle shower
detection at the observation level begins at about $E>1$ PeV and ends at GZK cutoff
energies \cite{Auger}.

The efficiency of four-parametric parametrization (1) is in its
applicability to a wide range of energies and primary nuclei.
However, the observed correlations between parameters
result in a loss of the physical meaning of $X_0$ and $\lambda$ \cite{Mont} and reduce the range
of effective atmosphere depths for Eq.~(1).
\section{Parametrization}
Here, an alternative parametrization $N(T,E,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ for particle shower longitudinal profile is proposed
using three non-correlating parameters that depend on the primary particle energy and
nucleon energy, $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$:
\begin{equation}\label{two}
N(x)=N_{\max}\exp{(-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\ln{x}}{\delta(x)}\right)^2)}\;,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}\label{three}
\delta(x)=\alpha-\beta(\tanh{x})^{\frac{1}{4}}
\end{equation}
is the profile shape function of variable
\[
 x=\frac{T}{T_{max}}\;.
\]

The shower maximum position, $T_{max}(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$, and
shape function, $\delta(x,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$, turned out to be
 dependent on the primary particle energy per nucleon,
 \[
{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}=\frac{E}{A}\;,\;\;(\text{PeV/n}).
\]
The maximum number of shower particles, $N_{max}(E,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$
is factored into the primary energy and a function of nucleon energy only. The corresponding approximations
for the parameters of shower longitudinal profile (2,3) are:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
&\alpha =0.707+0.209{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.084}\;,\;\;\;\;\; \beta =\sqrt{\alpha/2.59}\;,\\
&T_{max} =433.5+38.9(\ln({\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}A_{Fe}))^{0.857},\;\text{(g/cm$^2$)},\\
&N_{max} =0.653(E/1\text{GeV})(1-e^{-2.5{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{0.12}})\;,
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
 where $A_{Fe}=56$ and $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$ is in the units of PeV/n. The goodness-of-fit tests for (4a-c) were $\chi^2<1$ at
 negligible correlations between the $\alpha$, $T_{max}$ and $N_{max}$ parameters.
\section{Shower Profiles}
The values of
free parameters in expressions (1) and (2) were obtained from simulated shower profiles
(training sample) using {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}} \cite{CORSIKA} ({\footnotesize{SIBYLL}} \cite{SIBYLL}) code for four primary nuclei $A\equiv1, 4, 16, 56$
at six energies $E\equiv1, 10, 100, 500, 2500, 10^4$ PeV. Shower profiles were studied for
10 atmosphere depths $T\equiv 100, 200,\dots1000$ g/cm$^2$ at two zenith angles, $\cos\theta=0.7$ and $1$.
The shower particle energy threshold was $E_e>1$ MeV. Simulation statistics were provided for less than 2-3\%
statistical errors in the whole measurement range.

The averaged shower profiles were approximated by expressions (1) and (2) using 13 reference depths.
The results are presented in Fig.~\ref{curve1}. It is seen that the parametrization (1) (dashed lines) underestimates the shower sizes
at large  atmosphere depths.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{curve1.eps}
\caption{\label{curve1} Average longitudinal shower profiles for 13 traversed atmosphere depths
produced by H, He, O and Fe primary nuclei with 6 energies (from 1 PeV to 10 EeV).
The symbols are {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}} shower simulated data (training sample).
The dashed lines are results from the 4-parametric approximation (1). The solid lines
are parametrizations (2-4) computed for corresponding primary nuclei and energies.}
\end{figure}
The parametrization errors of expressions (1) and (2) and corresponding $\chi^2_{/\text{d.o.f.}}$ are presented in Fig.~\ref{err}
for different primary energies and nuclei.
The upper and middle panels show the errors of the four-parametric approximations of {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}}
simulated shower profiles using the $N_{max}, T_{max}, X_0$ and $\lambda$ parameters  of expression (1)
and the $N_{max}, T_{max}, \alpha$ and $\beta$ of expressions (2,3). The lower panel of Fig.~\ref{err} shows
the errors of shower profiles $N(T,E,A)$ from expressions (2-4).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{err.eps}
\caption{\label{err}  Parameterization errors $(N_{fit}-N_{corsika})/\Delta N_{corsika}$ for the 4-parametric expressions (1) and (2,3)
are shown in the upper
and middle panels respectively. The lower panel corresponds to the errors of  the shower profiles $N(T,A,E)$ from
expressions (2-4) for different primary energies and nuclei.
}
\end{figure}

The normalized simulated (symbols) and parametrized (lines) shower profiles
are presented in Fig.~\ref{curve2}. It is seen that the parametrization (2)
effectively describe the shower profiles in the regions of both the maximum ($x\simeq1$, inset figure, solid line)
and asymptotic depths ($x\simeq3$). Equation (1) is systematically biased about $-2\%$
(inset figure, dashed line) at $x\simeq1$.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{curve2.eps}
\caption{\label{curve2}Normalized particle shower profiles. The symbols are {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}}
simulated data (training sample). The lines are the results of parametrization (2). Inset figure
is a zoom of selected rectangular region for $0.8<x<1.2$.  The dashed lines correspond to
the parametrization (1).
}
\end{figure}
\section{Parameters}
The study of $T_{max}(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ and $N_{max}(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ dependence
on nucleon energy ($\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$) are presented in the upper and lower panel of Fig.~\ref{Nmax}  respectively.
The approximations of shower profiles using
parametrizations (1) and (2) were trailed for different lower ($T_{low}$) and upper ($T_{up}$) limits of traversed
atmosphere depth.

 The estimated values for $T_{max}$ (Fig.~\ref{Nmax}, upper panel) were unbiased for all trails.
 The line in Fig.~\ref{Nmax} corresponds to the expression (4b). The asterisk and cross symbols in Fig.~\ref{Nmax}
 are correspondingly renormalized {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}} simulated data from  \cite{Swordy}.

 Estimations of $N_{max}$ (Fig.~\ref{Nmax}, lower panel) using expression (1) for approximations of
 shower profile turned out to be dependent on boundary conditions for atmosphere depth (hollow and bold star symbols),
 whereas the expression (2) remained practically unbiased (hollow and bold circle symbols) for different boundaries.

 \begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{tmax_nmax.eps}
\caption{\label{Nmax}Parameters $T_{max}$ (upper panel) and $N_{max}/E$ in units of particle/GeV (lower panel)
derived from expressions (1) and (2) for the different boundaries of traversed depths.
The lines correspond to  the expressions  (4b) and (4c) for $T_{max}$ and $N_{max}$ respectively.
}
\end{figure}

The shower profile shape functions $\delta(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}|T)$ and $\delta(x|\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$  are presented in Fig.~\ref{delta},
where the symbols (left panel) are the data extracted from {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}} simulated training sample. The solid lines in both panels correspond to the expressions (3,4a).
The dashed lines in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{delta} are the $0.5\%$ accuracy logarithmic simplifications of shape function (3),
\begin{equation}
\delta(x)\simeq
\begin{cases}
a-b\ln{x}, &\text{if $0.07\lesssim x\leqq1$;}\\
a-b\ln{x}/(1+1.59\ln{x}), &\text{if $x\geqq1$,}
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
a& =0.215+0.145{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.084}\;,\\
b& =0.086+0.011{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.084}\;,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
at $\chi^2/450=0.7$.
The approximation (5) provides the analytic solution of the inverse function $N_0^{-1}(x)$ for $x<1$ and $N_1^{-1}(x)$ for $x>1$.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{sigma.eps}
\caption{\label{delta}Shower profile shape function (expression (3)) depending on the nucleon energy (left panel)
and normalized atmosphere depth (right panel). The solid lines correspond to the expressions (3,4a). The dashed lines in the right panel
are the logarithmic simplifications of the shape function according to (5,6).
}
\end{figure}
\section{Verification}
The verification of the universality of approximations (1) and (2) was performed by extrapolating the shower
profiles from $100-1428$ g/cm$^2$ interval to the $T=10$ g/cm$^2$ observation level,
corresponding to the earlier stage of shower development. The results are presented in Fig.~\ref{zero}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{zero.eps}
\caption{\label{zero} Extrapolations of the parametrization (1) (left panel) and (2) (right panel) to the earliest
stage of shower development for different primary nuclei and energies (lines). The symbols are
the {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}} simulated data.
}
\end{figure}
The symbols at $T=10$ g/cm$^2$ in Fig.~\ref{zero} are the corresponding data from {\footnotesize{CORSIKA}}
simulated control sample, whereas  the symbols at $T=100$ g/cm$^2$ are the representatives of the training sample (Section III).

It is seen that parametrization (1) being trained in the $100-1428$ g/cm$^2$ depth interval can not be extrapolated
to the region less than about 50 g/cm$^2$ (lines, left panel), whereas the parametrization (2) works correctly up to the beginning of
the atmosphere (lines, right panel).

The verification of the shower profiles (2-4) by the control samples of different nuclei and energies
are shown in Fig.~\ref{verify}.
The shower profile for primary Fe nucleus with energy $E=500$ PeV and corresponding $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}\simeq8.93$ PeV/n
from training sample (Section III) are compared to the control sample of shower profiles produced by primary H, He, C, O and Si nuclei
with the same energy per nucleon (symbols). The lines in Fig.~\ref{verify} are the corresponding congruent predictions
from the parametrizations (2-4).

The results in Fig.~\ref{verify} confirm the $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$-dependence of the shower longitudinal profile shape
(expressions 4a,b). The shower profile amplitude ($N_{max}$) also depends linearly on the primary energy, $E$ (expression 4c).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{check.eps}
\caption{\label{verify}Control samples of shower profiles  (symbols) produced by the
different primary nuclei with the same nucleon energy $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}\simeq8.93$ PeV/n.
The lines are the predictions from (2-4).
}
\end{figure}

The good agreement in Fig.~\ref{verify} between predictions (lines) and simulated data
indicates the correctness of expressions (2-4) for shower profile description at least
with the accuracies of about $2-3\%$ in the whole measurement range.
\section{\label{sec2} INTEGRAL}
The right hand side of parametrization (2) at the corresponding normalization can be considered
 as a probability density function and be used for primary energy evaluation \cite{Auger,Matthews}.
Unfortunately this function was missed by mathematicians and
by using numerical technique the required normalization
\begin{equation}\label{int}
\int_0^\infty{f(x,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})\mathrm{d}x}\simeq1\pm10^{-4}
\end{equation}
was provided for probability density function
\begin{equation}
f(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\delta_0}\exp{(-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\ln{x}}{\delta(x)}\right)^2)}
\end{equation}
with additional parameter
\[
\delta_0=0.226+0.148{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.092}.
\]

The goodness-of-fit test  for  $\delta_0(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ was $\chi^2=0.01$  in the $10^{-2}\leq\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}\leq10^4$ (PeV/nucleon) interval
and the upper limit of integral (7), $x_{max}=3$.

It is interesting to note the relation between parameters $\delta_0$ and
shape function $\delta(x)$ from expression (3):
\begin{equation}
\delta_0(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})\simeq\frac{1}{x_{max}}\int_0^{x_{max}}\delta(x)\mathrm{d}x\; \pm1\%\;.
\end{equation}
The statistical parameters, the average ($\bar{x}$) and  standard deviation ($\sigma_x$) of distribution (8), are well approximated
($0.1\%$ errors) by the following expressions that depend on the nucleon energy:
\[
\bar{x}=1.036+0.094{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.12}
\]
at  $\chi^2=0.1$, and
\[
\sigma_x=0.226+0.176{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}^{-0.092}
\]
at $\chi^2=1.1$.
\section{Fluctuations}
The main source of shower profile fluctuations is the depth of the first interaction of primary
particles in the atmosphere \cite{Stanev}. The exponentially distributed uncertainty of the
first interaction point results in the corresponding fluctuations of the shower profile (2) depending on the rate
of change ($\mathrm{d} N/\mathrm{d} x$) of the profile with respect to the depth, $x$. Thus, the fluctuations
should be maximal at the beginning of shower development ($x\simeq0$, Fig.~\ref{curve2}),
and minimal in the region of shower maximum, $x=1$. The dependence of the interaction length, $\lambda(A,E)$,
on the primary particle  also results in the mass ($A$) and energy ($E$) dependences of shower profile fluctuations.

The statistical measure of fluctuations is  the standard deviation of shower particle number,
 $\sigma_N$. The corresponding values of  $\sigma_N(x,A,E)/N(x)$ obtained  from the
shower simulated dataset (Section III) are presented in Fig.~\ref{sigma} (symbols).
The inset panel shows the region of minimal fluctuations in detail.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{fluct.eps}
\caption{\label{sigma} Normalized standard deviations ($\sigma_N/N$) of shower particles for different primary nuclei and primary energies (symbols).
The lines are represent the parametrization (10) for energies of 1 PeV (dotted lines) and 10 EeV (solid lines). The dashed lines describe the fluctuations for intermediate
energies. The inset panel zooms  in on the region of minimal fluctuations at $x\simeq1$.
}
\end{figure}
The lines in Fig.~\ref{sigma} correspond to the parametrizations
\begin{equation}
\frac{\sigma_N}{N}\simeq
\begin{cases}
a_1-a_2\ln{x}, &\text{if $x\leqq1$;}\\
a_1+a_3(\ln^{\eta}x)/x, &\text{if $x\geqq1$,}
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where
\[
\begin{split}
a_1& =0.165A^{-0.32}E^{-0.13}\;,\\
a_2& =0.68A^{-0.185}E^{-0.009}\;,\\
a_3&=3.77A^{-0.386}E^{-0.035}\;,\\
\eta&=2.67A^{-0.080}E^{-0.027}
\end{split}
\]
at $\chi^2/470\simeq1.7$.

\section{Summary}
The standard inverse problem of cosmic ray physics in PeV-EeV energy region is the identification of
a primary nucleus (or elemental composition) and the estimation of its energy (or energy spectrum) by the detected
shower response at the observation level in the frames of a given interaction model.
The efficiencies of primary particle and primary energy estimators depend on both the accuracy (Section III) and
universality (Section V) of shower longitudinal profile description.

Historically, the conventional shower longitudinal profiles were proposed in 1960 (Greisen function) \cite{Greisen},
1977 (Gaisser-Hillas function) \cite{GH} and 2001 (Gaussian-In-Age approach) \cite{HiRes1}.
The efficiencies and accuracies of listed profile parametrizations are compared in Refs. \cite{Matthews,Song,Auger15} in detail.

The last Gaussian-In-Age approach \cite{Matthews} reduced the number of parameters to 3, and
decreased the intercorrelations between parameters of profile function in return for the narrow range of applicability in the vicinity of
 shower maximum: $0.75 \lesssim s \lesssim1.25$ \cite{Song}, where $s=3/(1+2/x)$ is the shower age parameters.\\

 The alternative shower longitudinal profile description (expressions 2-4), as opposed to the parametrizations
 \cite{Matthews,GH,Greisen} , represents the first complete
 formula for shower profile, $N(T,A,E)$, depending on the
 atmosphere depth ($T$), primary nucleus ($A$) and primary energy $E$.
 Expressions (2-4) provide the accuracies of about $2-3\%$ for the region of $0<T\le 1450$ g/cm$^2$, $A\le56$, $1 \text{ PeV}\le E\le10\text{ EeV}$.
The results are obtained in the frames of {\footnotesize{SIBYLL}} \cite{SIBYLL} interaction model (Section III).

The position of the shower maximum, $T_{max}(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$  from expression (4b) and profile shape function,
$\delta(x,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ from expression (4a),  depend only on the primary nucleon energy $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}=E/A$,
which is in agreement with the prediction of superposition model \cite{Sommers}.

The amplitude of the profile  $N_{max}(E,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ from expression (4c) depends on both the primary energy ($E$)
and nucleon energy ($\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$).

The intercorrelations between the
$N_{max}(E,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$,  $T_{max}(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$ and $\delta(x,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon})$
shower profile parameters are negligible.

The profile shape function, $\delta(x,\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$), from (3) has the simple logarithmic
representation (5) which provides an analytic solution for the corresponding inverse profile function, which can
be used in the Constant-Intensity-Cut method \cite{GH}.

The fluctuations of particle shower longitudinal profile, $\sigma_N/N$, from parametrization (10) depend on
the energy ($E$) and mass number ($A$) of the primary nuclei.
\section{Acknowledgments}
I wish to thank James Matthews for useful correspondence.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv