If you're fearing the prospect of a vegetarian diet or have been painfully unaware of Cambridge's halal offering you've come to right the place! Whilst, we can't claim to have a halal KFC and Nando's like Oxford, we do have a a finger licking variety of homegrown cuisines to tickle your deprived taste buds.
Grilled chicken, grilled chicken, grilled chicken. Pepe's is renown for its succulent grilled chicken. Not only does it present a wide menu with anything from rice and chicken to your wacky 'BBQ sizzler' (a popular meal amongst the regular customers), Pepe's recently added a delivery service to feed your hunger whenever you're tired from hall food with a minimum order of £12.
Most people tend to enjoy fried chicken. There's little else to say about Chicken Rush, apart from the fact that they make some fine fried chicken and some of the better burgers that relatively little money can buy. The Nacho Box meal offers the best value for money with a hash brown-nacho chicken burger, wings, chips and a drink for a fiver. The proper beef half pounder, as opposed to the lamb pretenders, is also always a tasty choice. Whilst prices don't hit the dizzyingly low heights of London and Birmingham (a) they actually use real chicken and (b) Cambridge wise the prices are pretty reasonable.
If you like burgers then this is probably the place for you. If you're on a diet I would probably walk away as the amount of calories packed into one 'large teks' is more than enough to give you fast onset arteriosclerosis. On the other hand, if you're craving two half pounders, two layers of chicken and doner all wedged together in a bun, you've most definitely hit the jackpot. Whilst its almost mandatory to have at least one large teks, the less frequently you do so the better. Luckily, there are various smaller offerings on the menu that are sure to hit the spot, the favourites being the small special (beef and chicken) and chicken king.
Nivedyam – Fine south Indian dining near Fitz and Medwards.
Renus – Standard, but tasty Indian restaurant.
Mahrani – Excellent curries when you miss that taste of home.
Raja Indian Cuisine – A pleasant choice with homely food.
Rajbelash – Indian and Bengali food restaurant. Newly opened this year (2018) so one to look out for!
Kymmoy – A delicious Chinese noodle bar and restaurant.
Mai Thai – Fantastic Thai cuisine.
Merhaba – Great Turkish restaurant but a little on the pricey side. Normally the place to go for a birthday within Cambridge.
Agora at The Copper Kettle – A slightly upmarket Turkish restaurant which serves as a trendy café during the day and Mediterranean restaurant come night.
Lokum – Pretty good food near the Grafton Centre just in case you were doing a little shopping or living there.
Carlos – A bustling kebab house serving Turkish classics and western fast food.
Panshee Grill – Great for kebabs and they deliver too.
Lagona – Great for a quick, cheap shawarma.
Rotana Cafe – Definitely a place which has something for everyone, including nice dessert!
Nanna Mexico – 2 locations within the town centre. Probably the best place to go if you have afternoon lectures. Be careful though as only the chicken is halal!
Crepe Affaire – The chicken is halal and most of the desserts are too!
Creams Cafe – If you are keen on desserts, you definitely know about their milkshakes and waffles.


text:
Massive Protest In Port- of -Spain As Thousands Call for Anil Roberts to Be Fired
by NewsPower SR | Jul 31, 2014
A protester with placards outside the Ministry of Sport.
Members of the Movement for Social Justice staged a protest in front of the Ministry Of Sport on Thursday, calling for the removal of Sport Minister Anil Roberts.
Public Relations Officer of the MSJ, Gregory Fernandes, spoke on behalf of MSJ Political Leader, David Abdullah, who is currently in the Dominican Republic attending a conference.
Mr. Fernandes said they will stage protest action every week until the Sport Minister is removed.
Members of the Joint Trade Union Movement were also present to support the call for the removal of Mr. Roberts.
Leader of the JTUM Ancil Roget claimed it is unfair to pass the blame to public servants.
He added that all the allegations took place under the purview of the Sport Minister and he should be held accountable.
He also called on Prime Minister, Kamla Persad Bissessar to fire Mr. Roberts.
President of the Banking and General Workers Trade Union, Vincent Cabrera, said that he is curious as to why the Prime Minister cannot or will not fire Mr. Roberts.
Banking Insurance and General Workers Union President , Vincent Cabrera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
News, Tech in China, United States
The US government is banning surveillance equipment from Chinese companies
The U.S. government has announced a ban on telecommunications and video surveillance equipment from several prominent Chinese brands, including Huawei and ZTE, citing "a risk to national security."
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in an order released Friday named connected-camera providers Hikvision Digital Technology and Dahua Technology, as well as two-way radio maker Hytera Communications among the banned equipment makers for "the purpose of public safety, security of government facilities, physical surveillance of critical infrastructure, and other national security purposes."
This came after concerns that the named Chinese companies, which are subject to China's laws, could be forced to hand over information to Beijing's security services, although the companies have denied this.
These equipment makers will now be prohibited from exporting new products into the U.S. unless they ensure that the devices "won't be used for public safety, security of government facilities, and other national security purposes," the FCC said.
Back in 2019, the U.S. government under the Donald Trump administration put Huawei Technologies on the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security Entity, banning the sale of its equipment in the US, over its relationship with the Chinese government. In 2020, the FCC ordered all U.S. telcos to stop using equipment from Chinese manufacturers, including Huawei and ZTE, continuing efforts to limit the reach of Chinese telecommunications companies into U.S. networks.
The FCC in a unanimous vote has now expanded its ban on the sale and import of Chinese technology from firms that pose an "unacceptable risk to the national security" of the United States, placing additional restrictions on companies including Huawei and ZTE, surveillance camera makers Hikvision and Dahua, and two-way radio manufacturer Hytera.
This move comes as the UK government recently asked its departments to stop installing Chinese surveillance cameras at sensitive buildings, citing security risks.
Amazon shuts down its wholesale distribution business in India
500 Global launches in Egypt to grow the startup ecosystem


We now have trusted and certified trusted local attic conversion specialist companies in earls barton, all ready make a start on your overdue work. Getting trustworthy as well as recommended local loft conversion specialist doesn't have to be hard, nevertheless you must know where to start looking. If you are looking for trusted local attic conversion specialist companies in earls barton, to perform any sort of loft conversion tasks, including an inspection of the inside of the roof space, confirming the loft's suitability for a conversion, check whether the building will be adequate to take the added load of a conversion and much more, then you have come to the right place, as we have plenty of reliable local professional loft conversion builders in your area for you to choose from.
Do not worry; we will be willing to perform all of the research for you. You won't need to waste time on the telephone contacting workmen and waiting for ages for them to return your call.


text:
"""Loads config from several locations."""

def test_multifolder(multifolder_config):
    """Check if files from 2nd folder had been loaded."""
    assert 'key_config2' in multifolder_config.registry['config']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home » The Bachelorette » The Bachelorette Cast
Mo Sehgal from "The Bachelorette:" Wiki & Everything You Need to Know
By: Ashmeet Bagga - Published: May 20, 2017 at 10:00 am | Last Updated: March 20, 2018 at 4:55 am
Photo: ABC / Craig Sjodin
The new season of The Bachelorette premieres Monday, May 22, only on ABC. One guy who will be vying for Rachel Lindsay's heart is Mo Sehgal. Take a look at our Mo Sehgal wiki to find out more about him.
After failing to find love with Nick Viall on The Bachelor Season 21, Rachel Lindsay is taking matters into her own hand as The Bachelorette 2017. She will be wooed by 31 men in the hopes of finding true love. The lucky ones will get to go on a romantic one-on-one date with the beautiful Dallas-based attorney.
Also Read: Brady Ervin from "The Bachelorette:" Wiki & Everything You Need to Know
Season 13 of The Bachelorette will see men of all types vying for Rachel's heart, including models, doctors, and businessmen. Mohit Sehgal is a Bachelorette contestant who works as a product manager. Read more about him right here in our Mo Sehgal wiki.
Mo Sehgal from The Bachelorette
A post shared by Mohit Sehgal (@mo_sehgal) on Nov 13, 2016 at 7:33pm PST
The 26-year-old is from San Francisco, CA and graduated with a B.S. in computer science. Mo is a very talented guy —after all, he founded Questive.com, a website where people can watch interactive and educational YouTube videos. The community-based site allows users to upload a lesson about a topic of their choice, with a quiz at the end for others to complete.
Other Details about Mo Sehgal
Fam bam ☝?
A post shared by Mohit Sehgal (@mo_sehgal) on Aug 16, 2016 at 9:13pm PDT
Mo is six feet tall, and is a huge Seinfeld fan. According to his profile on ABC, the one person he would like to have lunch with is Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, whom Mo admires for his fearlessness.
Mo's favorite childhood memory is meeting the Power Rangers —something that would top anyone's list! The Bachelorette contestant's favorite music is rap and country. After seeing her with Nick Viall on the streets of New Orleans, we know that Rachel likes to dance. Thankfully for her, Mo does too!
Also Read: Kenneth Moreland from "The Bachelorette:" Wiki & Everything You Need to Know
To him, marriage means, "A bond for life, being with my best friend and someone I can grow with." About the importance of family getting along with your significant other he says, "When you get married, you marry the family as well. And that works both ways."
There are not yet many details about Mo Sehgal's family or parents. However, if you take a look at Mo Sehgal's Instagram account, you will see that he is very close to his family, and regularly posts pictures with them.
Calee Lutes Wiki: Facts about "Bachelorette" Contestant Peter Weber's Alleged Ex-Girlfriend
The Bachelorette Spoilers
Who Wins "The Bachelorette" 2018? Did Becca Find Love Again?
Jean Blanc from "The Bachelorette" 2018: Who's the "Colognoisseur" Becca Booted Off the Show?
Leo from "The Bachelorette" 2018: Meet the Newest Man after Becca's Heart!
Jordan Kimball from "The Bachelorette" 2018: Find Out More about this Dreamy New Contestant
Blake Horstmann's Wiki: Facts to Know about "The Bachelorette" Contestant with the Horse


text:
Samsonite Corporation, 1923-1973
Identifier: B245.01
Shwayder Family Papers and Samsonite Corporation Records
Samsonite Corporation, the world-famous maker of luggage, started in Denver, Colorado, in 1910, when Jesse Shwayder opened a small luggage factory in Denver with his father, Isaac Shwayder, and brothers, Mark, Maurice, Benjamin, and Solomon Shwayder. The operation became incorporated as the Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company in 1912 and counted many members of the Shwayder family among its employees. All of the Shwayder brothers held executive positions in the company in the 1920s: Jesse was the company's president, Mark Shwayder was in charge of sales, Maurice and Ben Shwayder were in charge of manufacturing, and Solomon Shwayder served as the company's lawyer. Samson was the first trade name for the company's luggage, and this was later changed to Samsonite. Shwayder Trunk Manufacturing Company started to diversify its product offerings in the 1930s by manufacturing folding furniture, and the company changed its name to Shwayder Brothers, Inc., in 1931. As sales increased throughout the 20th century, the company moved into gradually larger facilities in Denver, and at various stages in the business' history it opened additional plants in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Arizona, Mexico, and Japan. In 1961, Jesse Shwayder's son King D. Shwayder became president of the company, and in 1965 the Shwayder Brothers, Inc., changed its name to Samsonite Corporation. In 1973, the Shwayder sold the company and in 2005 the company moved its headquarters to Massachusetts.
From the Collection: 7.25 Linear Feet (4 containers)
From the Collection: 1.35 Gigabytes
The series consists of materials associated with Samsonite Corporation and its history. Materials include two copies of the brochure, "The Samsonite Story," a company history published by Samsonite Corporation, ''The Samsonite Sentinel,'' a one-page newspaper composite about the founding of the company, the book "Jesse Shwayder and the Golden Rule" created by Shwayder Bros, Inc., and Jessie Shwayder's Golden Rule Marble: a green glass marble with bronze-colored narrow strip around the marble, gap at ends, and stamped lettering reading "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
Series 1 is arranged chronologically in Folder 1. The newspaper clipping is arranged chronologically with other oversize materials in the bottom of Box 1. Jesse Shwayder's Golden Rule Marble is arranged where it will fit within Box 1.
From the Collection: Berry, Hannah Shwayder, 1895-1986 (Person)
From the Collection: Samsonite Corporation (1910-1973) (Organization)
From the Collection: Shwayder, Nellie Weitz, 1886-1977 (Person)
Samsonite Corporation, 1923-1973, B245.01. Special Collections and Archives.
Samsonite Corporation, 1923-1973, B245.01. Special Collections and Archives. https://duarchives.coalliance.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/569 Accessed January 19, 2021.


text:
Beaumont era una comuna francesa situada en el departamento de Vienne, de la región de Nueva Aquitania, que el uno de enero de 2017 pasó a ser una comuna delegada de la comuna nueva de Beaumont-Saint-Cyr al fusionarse con la comuna de Saint-Cyr.

Demografía

Los datos demográficos contemplados en este gráfico de la comuna de Beaumont se han cogido de 1800 a 1999 de la página francesa EHESS/Cassini, y los demás datos de la página del INSEE.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Beaumont
 Beaumont

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
State of the Stimulus
By ABC30
New York, NY The president has assured the country, given time it will succeed. But a few republican governors are saying 'time out!'
Unemployment lines in Texas are stretching longer than ever before. Available funds for unemployment benefits have almost run out. Still, Texas Governor Rick Perry said he's rejecting more than half a billion dollars in federal stimulus money that would go toward his state's unemployment fund. "My remarks to Washington is, we have had that debate, we have voted on this, and we don't want it," said Perry.
Perry said accepting the money would mean changing the law so that employers may be burdened with higher taxes in the future something he does not want to do. Perry is one of a handful of governors who may turn down federal stimulus dollars for their states because they don't agree with the attachment provisions. And South Carolina Governor Mark Sanford said he will only accept the money on one condition: that he can use a quarter of his allocated funds, about $700-million dollars, to pay down state debt. "We've come to the conclusion that it does not make sense to spend money that we do not have," said Stanford.
The governors may not have the final say in whether their states will reject the money. The stimulus law has a provision that allows state legislators to override opposition from their governors so the states can get the money anyway."This never really was the governor's call, whether we do it or not," said Texas State Rep. Jim Dunnam.
Democratic lawmakers are blasting the governor's decisions, warning that not accepting these funds could leave families that are already hurting financially in dire straits unable to keep their homes and pay their bills
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I suppose i should justify my reason for naming my gluten free food & lifestyle blog 'Wuthering Bites'. Apart from my strong love for Kate Bush (Wuthering Heights) and Bronte, i suppose it did just really have a nice ring to it. I do not want to make up excuses for a silly name, but when thinking about it more deeply- i suppose if a place can be characterised by a sound, life certainly can be. From the whizzing, rushing and blustering sounds of the kitchen to the complete, almost silence of the dinner table- when you know all that 'to and fro' was worth it.
This blog, or journal, details my passions in my life so far such as gluten free cooking, music, travel, and much like any gripping diary it contains: notes, scribbles, plans, opportunities and travel plans.
I also have two cats called Ash and Miko, i'm afraid whenever i set up a photoshoot for this blog, they're there like a shot. Wannabe superstars.
Food Magazine: Shortlisted Grand Finalist 2013 and 2014 and 2015 for Best Food Blogger.
©2011-2017 Wuthering Bites. All Rights Reserved.
All content, writing, recipes, photographs are copyrighted to me Sarah Carter. Please do not republish my material in part or whole without my permission and credit. Please contact me if you wish to discuss use of any of these.


A110-2 WX & TFC ADVISORIES AVBL FM COLD BAY FSS - 123.6.
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A70 FUEL AVBL FM COLD BAY ARPT. NO DELIVERY AVAILABLE. MUST HAVE OWN TRUCK AND CANS. CALL 907-532-2467 MON-FRI 9-5.
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Do you play music in your workplace?
Do you have a license to play that music?
With the holiday season upon us, more and more stores, restaurants, and workplaces are playing their favorite holiday music. That makes now a good time to discuss whether you play music in your workplace and, if so, whether you have a license to play that music.
Businesses have various reasons for playing music throughout their workplaces. Some use it to entertain customers; some to inspire staff; and, some to disrupt the silence of the workplace. Right now, as mentioned above, you hear holiday music as part of the holiday spirit.
Technology has made it easier than ever to play music in your workplace. You can connect your iPhone to a speaker system and play songs that you have downloaded. You can stream online music through services such as Pandora and Spotify. You can have satellite radio stations playing recorded music or live performances.
Regardless of which technology you use, you must be certain that you have the authorization to play these songs in your workplace. Music is copyrighted material. When you play music for purposes other than your own listening pleasure, you could be violating copyright law. So while new technologies make it easier to play music, particularly for an audience, these technologies also make it easier to violate the law.
In sum, you may need a license to play those songs that you downloaded for 99 cents each off of iTunes. Then again, you may not. There are certain exemptions from this licensing requirement that we can provide advisement on.
Before you play music in your workplace, contact a member of MacDonald Illig's Emerging Technologies Practice Group to make sure that you are not violating copyright law.
And if you know of someone who would like to receive these updates, please contact vmadden@mijb.com to have them added to the distribution list.
Happy Thanksgiving from everyone here at MacDonald Illig.


text:
Q: Caching information in custom scipy distributions I am trying to create a custom distribution in scipy (COM-Poisson).
import numpy as np
from mpmath import nsum, fac, inf
from scipy import stats

def pmf(k, mu, nu):
    return float((mu ** k) / ((fac(k) ** nu) * nsum(lambda j: (mu ** j) / (fac(j) ** nu), [0, inf])))

vectorized_pmf = np.vectorize(pmf)

class com_poisson_gen(stats.rv_discrete):
    def _argcheck(self, mu, nu):
        return mu >= 0 & nu >= 0

    def _pmf(self, k, mu, nu):
        return vectorized_pmf(k, mu, nu)

com_poisson = com_poisson_gen(name="com-poisson", longname='Conway-Maxwell-Poisson')
com_poisson.rvs(2, 4, size=100000)

I would like to cache the normalising constant so it is calculated only once, how can I achieve this?

A: A suggestion of an lru_cahce decorator from the guys at scipy.stats helped solve this.
from functools import lru_cache

import numpy as np
from mpmath import nsum, fac
from numpy import inf
from scipy import stats
from scipy.special import factorial

class com_poisson_gen(stats.rv_discrete):
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def _normalization_factor(self, mu, nu):
        return float(nsum(lambda j: (mu ** j) / (fac(j) ** nu), [0, inf]))

    def _argcheck(self, mu, nu):
        return (np.asarray(mu) > 0) & (np.asarray(nu) > 0)

    def _pmf(self, k, mu, nu):
        broadcast = np.broadcast(mu, nu)
        normalization_factor = np.empty(broadcast.shape)
        normalization_factor.flat = [self._normalization_factor(x, y) for x, y in broadcast]
        return (mu ** k) / ((factorial(k) ** nu) * normalization_factor)

com_poisson = com_poisson_gen()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you and, more horrifyingly, found underneath your Christmas tree.
Haunting. These are the days when any utterance, no matter how trivial, may come back to haunt you like the mythical ghosts of Dickens' fame.
Recently, with complete disregard for personal safety, my husband idly mused he could stand to use a mustache trimmer. Almost immediately he realized the error of his ways and cast about wildly for something, anything, to distract me from seizing upon this as an ace gift idea.
Trust me, as the D-Day of gifting approaches, any comment, no matter how mundane, may be construed as a direct request. I'm sure he's just going to love his combination mustache trimmer and shoe polisher. Just love it!
Definite deadline. Christmas shopping is like the two-minute warning of shopping. There is a definite deadline. There is no "belated Christmas gift." No "Christmas again? It just snuck up on me!" excuse.
No, Christmas is one of those holidays, much like the Fourth of July, where the date is generally pretty well known. If by some chance you have only recently emerged from your cave and somehow are not aware that Christmas is upon us, retailers, the media and random strangers on the street will remind you incessantly how many shopping days are left until Christmas.
Desperate. You simply must score some kind of gift. It doesn't even matter at this point if they like it or not.
Your grandmother remarks, idly, that she misses the old days, old ways and the cozy wood fires she enjoyed in her youth. Score! Grandma can always return that log splitter you got her.
Your brother, in a burst of nostalgia, remarks in passing that no shoe has been as comfortable as those old Adidas he wore in junior high.
Lucky for you, shoemaker Adidas also makes a men's cologne. Never mind that the last thing any rational adult would wish is to smell like an old pair of sneakers. It's the thought that counts darnit, and when he thinks of this gift, he'll always remember you and think of old shoes. Who can put a price tag on that?
A male spouse will recall, dimly, that his wife said something about needing a sweater. Or was that sweat pants? No matter, he's going to be out shopping and he just knows he can find something nice.
Never mind that the merchants he frequents are fine establishments in which to buy a rake or a belt sander, but not, it should be noted, ladies' fashion. This is how the "I'm With Stupid" sweatshirt got a foothold on America. It snuck up on us via the truck stops and hardware stores.
Suggestions. A real danger point for any gift giver are the last minute "gift-giving guides" that pollute the airwaves to assault our senses – and complete lack of common sense.
You will hear a lot of yammering on about something called the coffee-table book. This is a book roughly the shape and size of a coffee table, except that, unlike a coffee table, it serves no discernible purpose.
Coffee-table books cover an array of topics from bird-watching to tea bag collecting, making them particularly dangerous as they fall into the "something for everyone" category, even if that something is simply a really useless gift.
The Clapper, Perfect Pancake maker, and Chia Pet. All these recipient scenarios may be easily avoided if you follow this one, simple, holiday rule: Speak not a single word to any of your loved ones until Jan. 1 at the earliest. For the next few days, mum's the word or the Chia Pet gets it.
Or, more frighteningly, YOU get the Chia Pet.


In my previous post "Hip Openers" in Yoga? Please, Stop the Madness., I discussed the importance of asana evolution. My book, Medical Therapeutic Yoga, is step 1 in Asana Evolution, with its dedication to preventing and treating injury, which includes injuries that arise from sketchy yoga posture practice.
Using the phrase "hip opener" is not helping stave off the increase in yoga injuries, nor is it helping the reputation of yoga as a healing modality. It is a tired, worn out, and even dangerous phrase that has whipped up a kind of asana frenzy for pushing folks past logical and safe limits of range of motion. Chiefly, I am talking about those yoga classes that focus solely on asana – squeezing as much range of motion out of the typically under-prepared hip joint as possible, to the absolute detriment of the delicate arthrokinematics and hip and pelvic morphology that varies widely from person to person and condition to condition.
Altogether now, as the Beatles sang, say Hip Preservation NOT Hip Opener.
If we can (finally) agree to ditch the unhelpful phrase "hip opener," which assumes that folks' hips are closed, tight, or somehow in constant need of "opening," and also places unnecessary pressure (think playground bully) on folks, right out of the gate, to increase their range of motion as soon as they walk in the studio door and step on their yoga mat, then I think we would gain FAR more respect and positive response from not just the orthopaedists, both physical therapists and surgeons who treat the hip, but from the hip itself.
How about a little "Balanceasana"?
That is, follow through with teaching a balanced class that does not focus on one of the glaring weaknesses of yoga asana – FABER (hip flexion abduction, and external rotation). FABER is the most famous flavor of this century and the last two with regards to asana. However FABER is NOT everyone's friend. FABER (aka "hip opening") and its incredible overuse and overemphasis, is the vanilla ice cream of yoga posture practice. There is so much more to asana than plain old FABER.
FABER is child's pose, warrior II, cobbler's pose, tree pose, but what's more important, it isn't the chief movement of the hip. There is also extension, adduction, internal rotation, and circumduction – and each of those ranges are dictated by individual hip and pelvic structure. Read my post on Dominant Movements of Yoga Postural Practices.
Practice moderation (and change your nomenclature).
Don't vomit on your yoga mat.
Bonus Tip: Ditch the lengthy, repetitive, asymmetrical sequences.
Ditch mass market asymmetrical posture instruction.
The Hip Lock in Chair Pose. Courtesy of Medical Therapeutic Yoga (Garner 2016). All rights reserved.
The asymmetrical nature of a seemingly endless number of postures strung together without consideration for hip morphology can exacerbate any existing hip, low back, sacral, iliac, and/or pelvic pain or even create a problem where one didn't previously exist. Not all asymmetrical postures are for mass consumption. Take Warrior I for example, which must use the action of chair pose (see the Hip Lock figure (c)2016) for entry and exit into the pose. Warrior I requires hip extension. But for those with hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, impingement, or labral tears, full hip extension is generally not possible and when attempted could create neural tension, and referred pain or other neural complaints beyond the hip and into the pelvis, deep buttock or pelvic floor, or spine. Further, if the femoral head isn't being actively supported by the deeper gluteal sling, a kind of hip rotator cuff (see photo at right); then again, Warrior I can cause impairment instead of its intended liberated empowerment. Consider recalibrating Warrior I and II in my video instructional below.
5. To load or not to load? That is the question.
Unloaded versus loaded hip movements – Case in point – Upright hand to big toe is a loaded hip movement but reclined hand to big toe is unloaded. Which pose would be best if a person has a suspected hip impingement? Labral tear? Another example is tree pose. Tree pose can be done loaded, in standing, or reclined, in a supported Yoga Couch. Which is best for the person with hip impingement or a labral tear? The answer is not a simple one, meaning, unloading the pose is not always the answer. For example, in those with intra-articular injuries (inside the hip joint), like a labral tear, loaded postures introduce torque (twisting or rotation inside the joint), and can be problematic and increase impairment and/or pain. However, unloaded postures aren't the catch-all panacea to use as a substitute when loaded postures won't work. The best case scenario is to refer the person with hip pain to a physical therapist for evaluation, who can help determine the limits of their hip motion and what types of movements or yoga postures will work best. The other suggestion here – make sure to note whether pain or impairment is most notable in the unloaded or loaded position. This is great information that a physical therapist will appreciate as they conduct their investigative analysis of the hip.
Mechanical presentation of hip limitations – Does the hip appear to have contributions from the pelvic girdle, neurological inputs, and/or is the problem coming from intra-articular (inside the joint) versus extra-articular (outside the joint) variables? If so, what do those look like? Red flags that require immediate referral are referred pain or changes in sensation or motor function (strength or endurance) in the trunk, pelvic, hip, spine, and/or lower extremity area, whether or not they occur in a yoga pose. Typically, a nerve problem that is mechanical in nature is unilateral, but not always. An orthopaedic physical therapist will be able to determine a course of action, and working together as a team, can help optimize what you are able to teach students in a yoga class or session.
Be cautious about poses that aren't "hip openers." Take eagle pose for example. Eagle pose, along with other similar postures that place the hip in an end-range position, are problem child poses that aren't hip openers. Yes, all poses matter and must be recalibrated to FIT the individual pelvis and hip. Eagle pose requires enough adduction and internal rotation that could exacerbate or create a hip impingement condition. Hip impingement is a complex condition with multiple causes, some of them congenital and others acquired. This means that we cannot blame all hip issues on the timeless enthusiasm that surrounds "hip opening" in yoga studios across the globe.


KANCHANABURI: From 7–13 January, leading Thai and international vegetable seed firm, CHIA TAI held its 18th annual Field Day in which more than 400 popular and new varieties were exhibited (See album below).
Held at the company's Choncharoen Farm in Kanchanaburi's Sai Yok district, about 170km west of the Thai capital, the open-field exhibition was themed "Hub of Tropical Vegetables", giving local and international visitors the opportunity to inspect hundreds of new vegetable varieties across the solanaceae, cucurbit, brassica, corn and flower segments.
Among them were new and popular lines of hot pepper, tomato, watermelon, melon, pumpkin, bitter gourd, brassica, sweet and waxy corn, marigold and several others planted throughout the 10-acre demonstration farm area.
Customers toured the 10-acre demo area, inspecting popular and new F1 varieties of crops, while engaging CHIA TAI's attentive and knowledgable team of experts on varietal characteristics, market requirements and learning how CHIA TAI continues to meet expectations of the global market.
In addition to the field demonstration, there was a fresh produce display with more than 94 special crop varieties showcased. Another highlight of the event was tasting session booths, where visitors indulged in savory fresh samples of CHIA TAI's famed varieties of melon, watermelon, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, yellow and purple sweet corn, as well as waxy corn.
Indeed, the event successfully exhibited the versatility and advancement of a modern Thai agriculture. CHIA TAI, as a leading Thai agricultural company, has developed its farms and seed production and processing networks into a hub supplying numerous high performing tropical varieties that meet diverse needs of the global market.


In this Dutch VR film, made for the popular space comedy show 'Mission Earth', you're not only watching but you're live on board the ship "De Tasman". You can look around in Stereoscopic 360 and get to meet the astronauts.
I was responsible for the 3D Animations and Post-production.


text:
CHRISTIAN IN OUTLOOK
CATHOLIC IN WORSHIP
PROGRESSIVE IN SOCIAL TEACHING
Most Rev. Dr. Rosemary Ananis
Bishop, Diocese of New England
Pastor, St. Francis of Assisi Faith Community
Dean, Institute of Old Catholic Studies
Bishop Rosemary was called to the priesthood after 30+ years as a clinical social worker. She received her Master of Divinity degree from Bangor Theological Seminary and was ordained to the priesthood in 2003. In 2006 she was elected bishop in the American Catholic Church of New England. That church came together with four other independent catholic dioceses to form The Old Catholic Church, Province of the United States (TOCCUSA) in 2010. Bishop Rosemary was appointed Bishop of New England and serves as Pastor to St. Francis of Assisi Faith Community.
In 2014 Bishop Rosemary received her Doctor of Ministry degree from the Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, MA. Her doctoral thesis was the development of a Trinitarian-Relational model for clergy. This has led her to form the Commission on Ministry, dedicated to teaching/training the current and future clergy of TOCCUSA in that model. In addition to her pastoral duties at St. Francis, she is dean of the Institute of Old Catholic Studies, the online forum that educates both clergy and laity in the history, sacramentality and ecumenism of the Old Catholic Church.
She is currently semi-retired from her psychotherapy practice and makes her home in Wells with her wife, Janet.
St. Francis of Assisi Faith Community 952 Post Road (Rt. 1) Colonial Square Wells Maine


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SERA Quarterly Report: October – December, 2012
The primary focus of the SERA policy project during the quarter was on capacity building at both the individual and institutional levels. This included support to the Agricultural Council of Tanzania (ACT) to develop a strategic five‐year plan, an institutional evaluation of the Zanzibar Department of Food Security and Nutrition (ZDFSN), on‐going support to the Department of Food Security (DFS) of the mainland to improve their capacity to estimate food production and requirements, and monitor food security, and SERA staff teaching an eight‐week course on Policy Analysis to 20 students enrolled from various government ministries in Zanzibar.
New activities were also undertaken on research and policy analysis, including developing a concept note and scope of work for a land allocation and compensation study, and a week‐long field trip to the southern highlands to examine the food situation and respond to concerns raised by staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives (MAFSC) about the impacts of the export ban, and continued support to Tanzania Seed Traders Association (TASTA) in their activities to improve seed policies. The Prime Minister's announcement of the lifting of the maize export ban in September 2012 continued to gain recognition for the SERA project's policy reforms and the SERA Chief of Party (COP) was invited to present the work on the export ban as a case study at a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) regional workshop in Uganda in October 2012. The COP and Senior Policy Advisor also provided support to the USAID mission on the Tanzanian commitments to the Group of Eight (G8) on various agricultural policy reforms. Meetings were held with senior staff of the Ministry of Finance in an effort to advance the development of a collateral registry in Tanzania, but those efforts have not been very effective and additional efforts will be required.
The communications and advocacy activities included video interviews with farmers, traders, and processors during the field trip to the southern highlands, and the incorporation of these into a video on the impact of the export ban in the southern highlands. The video was presented at the Feed the Future (FtF) partners meeting in November 2012 and received favourable comments. A request for proposal (RFP) was also prepared and disseminated for the development of a SERA website and a contract was awarded to a local firm.
The SERA project's staff was given new challenges which allowed them to show their abilities, gain experience, and improve their skills. These included involving our junior policy analyst in the teaching of the skills portion of the policy course and giving a PowerPoint presentation on the course to the FtF partners meeting in November 2012, and our communications officer developing and presenting a multimedia presentation on the export ban at the partners meeting.
Going forward, the SERA project will begin new research on food security that is expected to result in a workshop to government and other stakeholders in June 2013. A land allocation and compensation study is expected to begin in February 2013 and be presented to government and other stakeholders in May or June 2013. Our institutional capacity building efforts will continue to support ACT, the ZDFSN and the DFS on the mainland. The development of SERA website is expected to be finished in Q2 and will be launched shortly thereafter.
SERA Quarterly Report: October - December, 2012 562.74 KB
Tanzania SERA Policy Project


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Nicholas Parsons Celebrates 14th?
1980's, 1980's ITV Comedy, 1990's, 1990's BBC Comedy, 1990's ITV Comedy, BBC Comedy, ITV Comedy, TV Comedy
BBC Comedy, Interviews, TV Comedy
1980's BBC Comedy, 1990's ITV Comedy, Radio
The Show With Ten Legs
Change At Oglethorpe
Tagged graham chapman
Ronnie Corbett's Forgotten Sitcom…..
1970's ITV Comedy
The Prince Of Denmark, 1974 Following on from the success of "Now Look Here" Ronnie Corbett returned for a short lived sequel.The Prince Of Denmark ran for just one series of six episodes in 1974.Summa...
50 Years Old Today !
Monty Python's Flying Circus, 1969 Monty Python's Flying Circus became a television phenomenon that would change the face of British Television Comedy forever.First airing on BBC1 in October of 1969 the se...
Yellowbeard
Thirty Years Ago Today Monty Python Star Graham Chapman Died Yellowbeard, 1983 Celebrating 50 years of Monty Python and commemorating 30 years since the death of Graham Chapman we look back at a Graham Chapma...
No – That's Me Over Here!
1960's ITV Comedy, 1970's ITV Comedy
No – That's Me Over Here! 1967 Ronnie Corbett was one of Britain's best loved comics, probably best remembered as one half of The Two Ronnies. However Corbett appeared in a number of his own sitcoms.We go...
Monty Python's Life Of Brian
Monty Python's Life Of Brian - 1979 Perhaps the best remembered and best loved of the Python movies. Life Of Brian was hugely controversial, but hysterically funny.The film does contain themes of religiou...
At Last the 1948 Show
At Last the 1948 Show - 1967 When people talk of comedy greats there is someone who often gets overlooked. That someone is Marty Feldman.At Last The 1948 show was his first TV outing, although he had some...
Monty Python Take A Look At Life
Monty Python's Meaning Of Life, 1983 Surreal, bizarre, call it what you will, but only Monty Python could get away with it, yes it's the fourth of the Monty Python films The Meaning Of Life. Tackling the subj...


As I told in my last post about Shawarma The Arabian Taco that shawarma vary from place to place and region to region, and it's ingredient selection also depends on the individual taste and likeness, I have tasted an Arabian type and a local Pakistani shawarma as well. In Pakistan, shwarma is sold as local street food, so many ingredients has been explicit from basic recipe just to match the taste of local eaters.
So, I am going to share that local recipe to enjoy a street food flavor while staying at home, it's very easy and convenient. Starting from the ingredients all you need is pita bread, but if you are health conscious and taste developer then you can replace it with low calorie whole wheat bread, then the chicken mostly grilled has the best flavor but bbq, tandoori or roast can also be used, and last thing is fresh green salad, garlic mayo...you can use pickled veges, hummas and tahena sauce if you want to have an Arabian taste.
This is going to be to long recipe today... but don't be panic, if you'll follow step by step, every thing will end up with a good, tasteful result.
1- Cut the chicken in long strips with a sharp chef knife. Cut across the grain, so that meat chunks would not break. If you are using chicken thighs then debone the leg and then cut in long strips.
2- Mix all the marinade ingredients well together, it's good to use glass bowl rather than steel bowl.
3: For best result marinate the chicken should be marinated overnight, if you are short of time than meat should be marinated for 3-4 hours at least. Mix the chicken in the marinate and transfer it to plastic bag and refrigerate.
4: Chicken can be fried, bar be qued or grilled.. I have grilled the chicken because it's the best way store the juices with in it.
5: Pickle is the main ingredient in shawarma specifically in the middle east region, in Pakistan pickle is not used preferably, so I won't use pickle but if you want to have little bit tangy flavor .. go for it..!!
What you have to do is mix all ingredients and simmer them for five minutes, then drain and cool.
6: Slice all the salad, normally in Arbian Shawarma only cabbage used from fresh pick rest are cucumber, carrot, chilli and turnip pickle and olives depending on individual taste. Here, I am going to use fresh green salad that would give a fresh crunchy texture.
7: Now... the main part, shawarma is a combination of dry, soft, crunchy and creamy texture packed in one wrap, and from these the most important ingredient is the creamy one that can not be compromised with any other sauce i.e. ketchup ... basically the sauce used is hummas, made with chick peas and tahena sauce made of sesame seeds. But in Pakistan these things are not adapted by local user, what I have experienced locals have changed it with a garlic mayo or sour cream. I am using garlic mayo with a bit of more flavor and aroma of Rose merry.
8: Let's move on to the last and most yummiest step, effort going to give a delicious result. Spread the mayo on pita bread, don't overload it otherwise bread become to soft messy. if you are going to hummas and tahena, then first mix the tahena in hummas then spread on bread.
9: Place the salad, spinach, cucumber then tomatoes, if you are going to use pickle and cabbage then place a small bunch of cabbage and 3-4 sliced of pickle as shown in picture. Place the Chicken over salad.
10: First, check the below photo, looking something different, something not mentioned ingredients, yes you are right... while placing juice in fridge I saw cheddar cheese looking at me, suddenly my mind clicked an idea.. why not to give a different flavor this time. I just put some cheese, then pour spoons of mayo again so shawarma won't be dry on other side as well.
11: Fold the both sides toward each other, it's better to use butter paper to wrap around it. Let it warm little bit in microwave and serve with chilled soft drink.


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Peeling Jewish myths about Saudi Arabia - IslamiCity
Peeling Jewish myths about Saudi Arabia
By: Tanya Cariina Hsu Source: iViews Aug 4, 2008 11 Comments
Category: Faith & Spirituality, Middle East Topics: Interfaith, Judaism, Occupation, Saudi Arabia Views: 10330
In Isi Leibler's "Candidly Speaking" (July 29), we read myths regarding the kingdom of Saudi Arabia; sweeping statements are presented as immutable fact.
In 2005, one of my closest professional partners (as well as closest friends) and I planned for and created a model for a Saudi-sponsored interfaith dialogue to be ideally hosted by King Abdullah in Spain. We worked on the concept in Riyadh, where I live. (For the record my friend is Jewish and visits the kingdom frequently.) We submitted the business plan to specific members of the royal family, and three years later the dialogue materialized almost exactly as we imagined. It may well be that our idea was coincidence and incidental to the king's own interfaith dialogue, as we were not part of further planning, but either way the desired outcome has been achieved.
We also, however, expected precisely the sort of media response printed - that in effect, any Jewish representative who participated on behalf of Judaism would, indeed, be placating the king or appeasing Saudi sensibilities. Any progress made in discussing globally relevant issues, specifically similarities and differences of religions, would be somehow offensive. Or, as written in The Jerusalem Post, they would be "grovelling" or "intoxicated."
Yet, if the king or any other Saudi official did not initiate this dialogue, no doubt it would be nanoseconds before it was written that the Saudis failed, once again, to make strides toward peace.
ONE CANNOT win for losing, but as the African proverb goes: "The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago. The second best time is now." King Abdullah, unlike counterparts in Israel, has planted that tree.
Leibler also repeats the oft-cited myth of "state sponsored export of Wahhabism" that has produced a network of sanctified violence. There is no such thing as "Wahhabism," just as there is no such thing as ""Maimonism." As you should know, madrassa is merely the Arabic word for school, madrassa al-din specifies a religious school, and there is no evidence yet to support any direct link between a madrassa and fighters in Afghanistan, Palestine or Iraq. In fact, there have been no convictions for terrorist activities in the United States of any Saudi, which would indicate that they have certainly had no success whatsoever for their supposed multi-billion dollar export of a radical doctrine. It certainly seems a poor cost-benefit analysis.
Additionally, the depictions of Jews are yet another story that won't die, and I have addressed the Saudi textbooks and education directly to the US Congress and do not need to repeat here, or specify Torah or Talmud chapter and verse for comparison. The depictions of Muslims and Arabs, specifically Saudis, however, remains abhorrent within Israel at times, just as in many parts of the world. The difference appears to be that Saudis have little ability to recruit the media to their cause, and have almost no ability to boast about their culture and their views to meet the rapidly changing news cycles. They thereby too often fail to quash these sweeping and persistent generalizations, despite all their excessive cash.
Also regurgitated is the notion that Jews are forbidden entry to Saudi Arabia. This is completely untrue, but these rumors have existed for decades, begun by US Aramco employees. Despite all corrections from the Saudis, they remain ignored. Clarifying that those with Israeli passports are not permitted entry into the kingdom (akin to no American being permitted to enter Cuba or Iran, for example), the policy rests on the political situation between the two nations. I feel safe in assuming that neither Fidel Castro nor Mahmoud Ahmadinejad would be invited to many Israeli-sponsored conferences either.
FINALLY, LET me address the state of Islam in Saudi Arabia.
It is correct to state that it is the official religion, but that is all it is. The confirmation is in the Constitution of Saudi Arabia. It states "Islam," not Sunni, not Sufi, not Shi'ite, not Ismaeli - just plain Islam, full stop. Indeed, would it not be foolish to ban Jews or Christians from the kingdom, given the assumption that the Saudis are spending vast quantities of petrodollars on exporting Islam? Are Jews not the very people whom they would wish to "convert"? Why, until relatively recent history and migration to Israel, were Jews living safely in Arabia, having existed there since the days of Abraham? Actually, why did the prophet marry a Jew, if not to show peace among religions?
It is understandable that some may choose words - sharper than swords - to block the path of peace and progress given the prism of Islam from within Israel. As occupiers of a predominantly Muslim land pre-1948, and as occupiers of the predominantly Muslim West Bank and Gaza, those fighting to preserve what is left of their land may "represent" to Israel all of Islam. Yet I suspect that the vast majority of Israeli Jews do not wish to be represented by the likes of the late Baruch Goldstein either, even though his slaughter of Muslims in 1993 was not in defense of his homeland and was instead an act of simple premeditated murder.
Leibler is perfectly correct in stating that the fear of offending the other party prevents true progress.
Indeed, a conference wherein Shas rabbis sat down with Hamas leaders and openly spoke their minds, now that would be progress.
Tanya Cariina Hsu is a Saudi-US political analyst originally from London. She lives in Riyadh and London.
Source: Jerusalem Post
Category: Faith & Spirituality, Middle East
Topics: Interfaith, Judaism, Occupation, Saudi Arabia
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Older Comments:
ABDULFATTAAH GIWA FROM NIGERIA said:
I AM AGAINST IT AS IT IS VERY FOR SOME PEOPLE TO USURP OTHER PEOPLES LAND .
LESTER FROM USA said:
It is a waste of time to defend the Saudi Arabia. They had oil wealth and respect as guardians of the holy places but they have squandered both due to their hedonism and narrow minded approach to muslims from around the world from top to bottom. Saudi Arabia desperately needs to change to become a more responsible player in the Muslim world and world at large or it will be forced to change by outsiders.
NAANA FROM USA said:
I lived in saudi arabia for the last 2years and half.I would confirm that there are jewish in saudi and some of them are married to saudi after they claim they are reverted to islam.starting from jeddah and riyadh to the west of arabia there are alot of jewish and christans,sauid is changing negatively, sauidis don't want to follow the islamic law anymore except for very few of them.
the article mentioned our prophet may peace and blessing be upon him that he married a jewish whom was safeyya ( from banee qoraydah) may Allah be pleased with her, and she reverted to islam before he did marry her.I use to hear always that saudi arabia is the best place to be ,it's not true anymore after I've been there.we can be the best servent of Allah from any country in the world , and i can go to makkah and madinah from any where ,may Allah guide all of us ,ameen
SAMIR FROM USA said:
ASA, I also agree w/Br. Mustafa. I live in the USA and have directly witnessed the salafi/wahhabi brand of Islam being thrust upon US Muslim communities, by people and/or books that are written or studied in the Kingdom. This brand at times obsesses with minor issues and takes them to the strictest/harshest limit and beyond. This is done, often at the expense of major core Islamic values like wisdom, adab, tolerance, shura, humility. Often scaring people by using the name of 'shariah', it is never explained how the Saudi monarchy concept fits into the shariah. Many wahhabis (not all) have hijacked our beautiful religion, injecting into it false pride, arrogance, and puritanical supremist zeal. This goes against the tradition of so many of our classical scholars like the Imams of the 4 schools, Imam Al-Ghazali, and many others, May Allah have mercy on them.
NAIM FROM U.K said:
Nimah,hatred will get you nowhere,which country do you belong to?!
There is two sides to a history lesson.ALSO learn to spell!!Peace
AISHA KANAR FROM USA said:
MAY ALLAH BLESS KING ABDULLAH FOR TRYING TO BRING PEACE AND HARMONY TO THIS DUNYA. MAY HE LIVE A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE BLESSED BY HIS RULER ALLAH.
LONDONER FROM ENGLAND said:
The claims in this article about Saudi Arabia's policy on Jewish visitors is not entirely correct. Until recently, the Kingdom did exclude Jewish visitors. See here, for instance: http://weiner.house.gov/news_display.aspx?id=739 It seems hopeful that this has changed. It is a mistake, though to talk about 'rumours (which) have existed for decades.' For most of the period of decades referred to, the rumour was true.
NIMAH FROM USA said:
It is the pkaitsai who hae done more damage to Islamic name and religion than anyone else unfortunatley. there is some fult of the arabs but the maina ones here are the [akistanis whom god made powerful and they promised to implement the islam as their contttiuion but failed to do so. .how could they pkaistan was created to break the power of muslims kings of south asia by the british with the help of hypocrite Ismaili scalled muhammed ali jinnah. who married apris and was drunkard ' used to sit and drink alcohol with the western invaders. " it is already recorded in history. even with so called majority muslims pkaistan still has the highest corruption rates in the world. paskistanis are foudn near the holy masjid haraam sbegiing and stealing from others. face it ti s the truth . theere are alot of qadiyanis , Ismails , and christian missionaries who have done alot of damage to akistan and look at bhutto and her husbadn who are crimnals of the higest order . would do anything to get in power including looting and killing their own nrother in laws and still sitiing on the power seat. if pakistanis dont change their ways they may face same or even worse situation than Iraq sooner than later . and above all pakistani are the first ones to arrest innocent people for wordly gain. and there is eneought evidence to prove that.
RAIHAN FROM US said:
Salam Br. Mustafa and Br. Navaid,
With all due respect, I disagree with your comments here for no reason other than the fact that they are irrelevant to the context of this article. This article deals with a very specific issue - the propaganda that Israelis deliberately undertake to undermine this country, which is a fact you can not deny. And most people in this world believe them without verifying their validity, which is unfortunate. This article simply deals with this. It is also clear from the title that it is not the intention of article to do a complete analysis of Saudi politics or social affairs. So saying things like the article was trying portray Saudi Arabia as a flawless country is simply not fair.
Brothers, I share the same feelings with you about the Gulf/Middle Eastern countries who are just sitting on riches that could have been used to eliminate troubles of Muslim communities and other people. It is their selfishness, greed, and their hunger for power that make them act against Islam/justice. To tell you the truth, Islam is nowhere in any so called Muslim countries.
But this anger should not make us make comments that undermines the truth no matter who it is for/against. Also, I have my fair share of guilt - what have I ever done anything to make things better?
May Allah bless us all.
Allah knows best.
Allah Hafez!
NAVAID FROM CANADA said:
I agree with Mustafa- the fact of the matter is that Saudi Arabia does export an Islam it considers "ideologically" correct. Apart from that, the Saudi regime should be criticized as much as possible for manipulating Islamic teachings for their own ends. It is a sad fact that they would teach Tawheed, yet establish a Kingdom wherin the monarchy is hereditery and not the result of any sort of shura (consensus) in society, which is contrary to the Prophetic message.
MUSTAFA FROM USA said:
I am a non-Saudi Muslim who lived in Saudi Arabia for many years. While I completely agree that many myths and outright lies are propagated against the country and its people, the article makes it seem as if there is nothing wrong there. That is simply not the truth, and it detrimental to the entire Ummah to act defensive and gloss over the major human rights concerns and authoritarian implementation of Wahabbist doctrine. And please don't tell me Saudi's don't try to export their "version" of Islam. I have been privy to negotiations with Islamic organizations in the US with the Saudi govt, where they offered millions for building a mosque, with the stipulation that they would provide imams and all the books. The Saudi govt has done more damage to Muslims worldwide then any bomb or foreign govt could ever do.


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Analysts doubt North Korea's ICBM re-entry capability
By Kim Tong-Hyung / Associated Press
Published: Tuesday, August 1st, 2017 at 12:02am
Updated: Tuesday, August 1st, 2017 at 12:20am
FILE - In this July 29, 2017 file photo, a man walks in front of a public TV screen broadcasting news of North Korea's test-firing of its second intercontinental ballistic missile, in Tokyo, Japan. North Korea after decades of effort has a missile potentially capable of reaching the continental United States, but analysts say Pyongyang has yet to show the ICBM can inflict serious damage once it gets there. The ticker above reads: "North Korea fired ICBM missile." (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File)
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SEOUL, South Korea — North Korea after decades of effort has a missile potentially capable of reaching the continental United States, but analysts say Pyongyang has yet to show the ICBM can inflict serious damage once it gets there.
U.S. and South Korean experts on Tuesday said Japanese video footage capturing the Hwasong-14's re-entry vehicle shortly before it crashed into the sea suggests it failed to survive the extreme heat and pressure after re-entering the Earth's atmosphere following its launch from northern North Korea on Friday.
But the apparent failure likely means the North will conduct more flight tests of the Hwasong-14 missile to ensure the warhead could survive the re-entry from space and hit its intended target, the analysts said.
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The Hwasong-14 ICBM, which was first tested on July 4, follows decades of effort by North Korea to obtain a nuclear deterrent against the United States. Analysis of the flight data from Hwasong-14's second test has suggested that more of the U.S. mainland, including Los Angeles and Chicago, is now in range of Pyongyang's weapons.
However, whether North Korea can arm the missile with a nuclear warhead and protect it throughout the flight are different questions entirely.
After analyzing video from a rooftop camera operated by Japan's NHK television on the northern island of Hokkaido, U.S. missile expert Michael Elleman concluded that Hwasong-14's re-entry vehicle "disintegrated" before it landed at sea.
In an article posted at the 38 North website, Elleman said the video showed the re-entry vehicle shedding small radiant objects at an altitude of 4 to 5 kilometers (2.5 to 3 miles). He said the re-entry vehicle dims and quickly disappears at an altitude of 3 to 4 kilometers (1.9 to 2.5 miles) before it passes behind a mountain range and is obscured from the camera's view. Had the re-entry vehicle survived, it would have continued to glow until disappearing behind the mountains, Elleman said.
"In short, a reasonable conclusion based on the video evidence is that the Hwasong-14's re-entry vehicle did not survive during its second test," said Elleman, an expert with the International Institute for Strategic Studies. "If this assessment accurately reflects reality, North Korea's engineers have yet to master re-entry technologies and more work remains before Kim Jong Un has an ICBM capable of striking the American mainland."
Granted, it's impossible to know how the warhead would have performed if North Korea had launched the missile for real. Both ICBMs were test-launched at highly lofted angles to reduce the range and avoid neighboring countries, and the near-vertical flight paths meant the re-entry vehicles endured harsher conditions during their descents.
But Kim Dong-yub, a defense analyst at the Institute for Far Eastern Studies at Kyungnam University in Seoul, said it's obvious North Korea has yet to reach where it wants to be with re-entry technologies.
While North Korea has declared that the Hwasong-14's latest launch confirmed important features of the missile, such as its range and the warhead's atmospheric re-entry, it also described the rocket as "landing in the target waters in the open sea." That probably wasn't an ideal outcome for North Korean engineers because nuclear warheads are usually designed to detonate at lower altitudes shortly before impact, Kim said.
"Considering the cost and efforts they put into tests, North Korea likely would have tried to detonate the warhead properly; they apparently failed this time, but could focus on this aspect in future tests," Kim said.
Mastering warhead re-entries would be one of the most critical military milestones the North has left, along with developing a submarine-launched ballistic missile system and solid-fuel ICBMs, Kim said.
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text:
Die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe ist ein Teilgebiet der mathematischen Logik. Sie erweitert die Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe um die Möglichkeit, über alle Relationen zu quantifizieren. Die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe ist daher echt ausdrucksstärker als die der ersten Stufe, bestimmte wichtige Sätze gelten jedoch nicht mehr, wie etwa der Kompaktheitssatz.

Die Sprache der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe
Dieser Artikel benutzt die im Artikel Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe eingeführten Begriffe und Bezeichnungen.

Symbole
Die Symbole der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe enthalten neben den folgenden der ersten Stufe:
 logische Symbole:
 Quantoren:  ,
 Junktoren:  ,
 technische Zeichen:  ,
 Variablensymbole: , , , …,
 eine (möglicherweise leere) Menge  von Konstantensymbolen,
 eine (möglicherweise leere) Menge  von Funktionssymbolen,
 eine (möglicherweise leere) Menge  von Relationssymbolen,
zusätzlich noch
 Relationsvariablensymbole , , , …
deren Stelligkeit nötigenfalls als oberer Index notiert wird. Sie treten neben die Variablensymbole  Auch wenn die intendierte Anwendung, nämlich die Quantifizierung über alle Relationen, schon im Namen steckt, soll an dieser Stelle wie in der Prädikatenlogik erster Ordnung davon abgesehen und die Symbole und die nachfolgenden Bildungsgesetze zunächst rein syntaktisch gesehen werden. Die Konstanten-, Funktions- und Relationssymbole ,  und  werden wieder zu einer Menge  zusammengefasst, die man dann die Signatur der Sprache nennt. Man beachte, dass die Relationssymbole zur Signatur gehören, die Relationsvariablensymbole hingegen nicht.

Terme und Ausdrücke
Terme, genauer -Terme, werden wie in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe durch die dort angegebenen Bildungsgesetze erklärt. Damit wurden mittels weiterer Bildungsgesetze -Ausdrücke definiert. Dies wird durch zwei weitere Regeln ergänzt:
 Ist  ein n-stelliges Relationsvariablensymbol und sind  Terme, so ist  ein -Ausdruck.
 Sind  ein -Ausdruck und  ein Relationsvariablensymbol, so sind  und  ebenfalls -Ausdrücke.

2. Stufe
Alle -Ausdrücke, die sich nach oben angegebenen Regeln erstellen lassen, bilden die mit  bezeichnete Sprache, wobei die römische  für die zweite Stufe steht. Damit wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass man hier nicht nur über alle Variablen quantifizieren kann, sondern gemäß dem oben angegebenen zweiten Bildungsgesetz auch über alle Relationsvariablen. Damit können mehr Ausdrücke als in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe gebildet werden. Während zum Beispiel die Peano-Axiome in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe nicht formulierbar sind, verfügt die zweite Stufe über eine hinreichende Ausdrucksstärke.

Metasprachliche Ausdrücke
Im Folgenden werden metasprachliche Ausdrücke für Formeln aus  verwendet, d. h., es werden in den Formeln Schreibweisen eingesetzt, die nicht durch oben angegebene Regeln gedeckt sind. An Stelle von  verwendet man kleine Buchstaben wie  und statt  große Buchstaben wie  und achtet darauf, dass keine Konflikte mit den Elementen der Signatur entstehen. Ferner ist der Gebrauch suggestiver Abkürzungen wie zum Beispiel  für  zulässig. Der einzige Grund dafür ist die bessere Lesbarkeit der auftretenden Formeln; es ist in jedem Fall klar, welcher syntaktisch korrekte Ausdruck mit einer solchen Formel gemeint ist.

Semantik

Strukturen und Interpretationen
Ausgehend von einer Sprache  werden jetzt den oben eingeführten Symbolen eine Bedeutung zugewiesen. Wie in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe werden Strukturen über der Signatur  definiert, um den Symbolen, Konstanten, Funktionen und Relationen der Objektwelt zuzuordnen. Eine Interpretation ist ein Paar  bestehend aus einer -Struktur  über einer Menge  und einer sogenannten Belegungsfunktion , die jeder Variablen  ein Element aus  und jeder Relationsvariablen  eine Relation gleicher Stelligkeit über  zuordnet.
Ist  eine solche Belegung,  eine Variable und , so sei  genau diejenige Belegung, die mit Ausnahme von  an allen Stellen mit  übereinstimmt und lediglich an der Stelle  den möglicherweise abweichenden Wert  hat. Ist analog  eine Relationsvariable der Stelligkeit  und  eine n-stellige Relation auf , d. h. , so sei analog  diejenige Belegung, die mit Ausnahme von  an allen Stellen mit  übereinstimmt, lediglich an der Stelle  den möglicherweise abweichenden Wert  hat. Man beachte, dass das Variablensymbol  und die Relation  als Objekt dieselbe Stelligkeit  aufweisen müssen, wenn die Relationssymbole an feste Stelligkeiten gebunden sind.
Wird alternativ ein gemeinsamer Pool  von Relationssymbolen für alle Stelligkeiten vorgesehen und den benutzten Symbolen per Deklaration (einer partiellen Abbildung)  eine Stelligkeit zugewiesen, dann kann diese Einschränkung entfallen. Die Belegungsvariante  ist dann mit einer Deklarationsvariante  assoziiert (die auch lokale Deklaration genannt wird), wobei dann  gelten muss: Das Relationssymbol  wird lokal auf die möglicherweise andere Stelligkeit  umdeklariert.
Man schreibt  und .

Modelle
Eine Interpretation  heißt ein Modell für einen Ausdruck , geschrieben , wenn sich dies auf Grund folgender Regeln ergibt, wobei der regelhafte Aufbau der Sprache  verwendet wird:

Dabei wird bei den letzten beiden Zeilen gewöhnlich eine beliebige feste Stelligkeit  der Relationssymbole und der Relationen vorausgesetzt: , was gelegentlich durch einen Index n der Art  angedeutet wird.

Damit ist den Symbolen eine inhaltliche Bedeutung zugewiesen. Ist  eine Menge von Ausdrücken der betrachteten Sprache und ist  für alle , so schreibt man abkürzend wieder . Ist  eine Menge von Sätzen, das heißt, die  enthalten keine freien Variablen, so sagt man auch, dass  ein Modell von  ist, denn die Modellbeziehung hängt in diesem Fall gar nicht von der konkreten Belegung ab.

Peano-Axiome
Bekanntlich lassen sich die Peano-Axiome nicht in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe formulieren, da das Induktionsaxiom eine Aussage über alle Teilmengen der betrachteten Grundmenge trifft, aber nicht über alle Teilmengen quantifiziert werden kann. Da Teilmengen aber nichts anderes als einstellige Relationen sind, kann man mit der Signatur , wobei 0 ein Konstantensymbol ist, genannt Nullelement, und  ein einstelliges Funktionssymbol, genannt Nachfolgerfunktion, folgende Ausdrücke bilden:

Betrachtet man Interpretationen, also -Strukturen, in denen das Symbol 0 dann Element einer Menge ist und  eine auf dieser definierte Funktion, so sagt der erste Ausdruck, dass 0 kein Nachfolger ist, denn 0 ist von allen Bildern  verschieden. Die zweite Zeile drückt die Injektivität der Nachfolgerfunktion aus. Die dritte Zeile schließlich besagt, dass jede einstellige Relation  (das heißt Teilmenge des betrachteten Grundbereichs), die auf 0 zutrifft und mit jedem , auf das sie zutrifft, auch auf den Nachfolger  zutrifft, für alle Variablen  gilt, womit das Induktionsaxiom formuliert ist. Damit ist die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe echt ausdrucksstärker als diejenige erster Stufe.

Schließlich kann man zeigen, dass je zwei -Strukturen, die Modelle obiger -Ausdrücke sind, isomorph sind. In der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe gibt es also keine Nichtstandardmodelle der natürlichen Zahlen.

Reelle Zahlen
Die Theorie der geordneten Körper, die sich mit der Signatur  in der Sprache  formulieren lässt, erlaubt keine eindeutige Kennzeichnung der reellen Zahlen bis auf Isomorphie, denn das Vollständigkeitsaxiom, nach dem jede nicht-leere, nach oben beschränkte Menge ein Supremum besitzt, lässt sich in  nicht formulieren. Dieser Mangel an Ausdrucksstärke der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe führt zur Nichtstandardanalysis. In der hier behandelten Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe gelingt folgende Symbolisierung der Vollständigkeit:

Zur Erläuterung dieser Formel beachte man, dass die einstellige Relation  wieder für Teilmengen der Grundgesamtheit einer Interpretation steht. Für alle Teilmengen soll also gelten: Wenn diese nicht leer ist, , und wenn diese nach oben beschränkt ist, , dann gibt es ein , so dass dieses obere Schranke der Menge ist, , und jedes kleinere Element nicht mehr obere Schranke ist, . Damit ist das Vollständigkeitsaxiom in  formuliert.

Mächtigkeiten
Die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe bietet Möglichkeiten, über Mächtigkeiten von Mengen zu reden, die weit über die Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe hinausgehen. Im Folgenden wird die Abkürzung
 für
verwendet, was in jeder Interpretation offenbar bedeutet, dass es genau ein  mit  gibt.

Endliche Mengen
Bekanntlich kann man in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe nicht ausdrücken, dass eine Menge endlich ist. Man kann lediglich mittels Sätzen der Art

sagen, dass eine Menge (das heißt der Grundbereich einer Interpretation) mindestens  Elemente hat.  trifft dann nur auf Mengen mit genau  Elementen zu. Die Endlichkeit einer Menge wäre dann eine unendliche Disjunktion

die man weder in der ersten noch in der zweiten Stufe bilden kann. In der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe hat man aber
.

In jedem Modell dieses Satzes bedeutet , dass die zweistellige Relation  eine Funktion des Grundbereichs in sich ist,  sagt, dass diese injektiv ist, und , dass sie surjektiv ist. Obige Formel sagt also aus, dass jede injektive Funktion des Grundbereichs in sich automatisch surjektiv ist, eine Aussage, die bekanntlich genau auf endliche Mengen zutrifft. Daher bedeutet die Formel  tatsächlich, dass alle sie erfüllenden Modelle endlich sind. Dies zeigt erneut, dass die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe echt ausdrucksstärker ist als die erste Stufe.

Abzählbare Mengen
Man kann in der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe sogar ausdrücken, dass eine Menge höchstens abzählbar ist, denn eine Menge ist genau dann höchstens abzählbar, wenn es eine lineare Ordnungsrelation auf ihr gibt, in der jeder Anfangsabschnitt endlich ist. Dass  eine lineare Ordnung ist, wird offenbar durch

beschrieben, denn diese Formel bedeutet von links nach rechts, dass die zweistellige Relation irreflexiv, transitiv und linear ist.
Eine einstellige Relation , die für eine Teilmenge des Grundbereichs steht, ist genau dann endlich, wenn jede injektive Funktion dieser Teilmenge in sich schon surjektiv ist, was sich in Analogie zu obigem  wie folgt symbolisieren lässt:
  .

Die folgende Formel symbolisiert dann, dass es auf einer Menge eine lineare Ordnung gibt, in der jeder Anfangsabschnitt endlich ist, und das ist äquivalent dazu, dass die Menge höchstens abzählbar ist:

Mängel der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe
Wie die folgenden Ausführungen zeigen, führt die größere Ausdrucksstärke der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe dazu, dass viele wichtige Sätze der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe nicht mehr gelten.

Ungültigkeit des Kompaktheitssatzes
Mit den oben eingeführten Formeln  und  lässt sich leicht zeigen, dass für die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe kein Kompaktheitssatz gelten kann. Offenbar ist jede endliche Teilmenge der Formelmenge

erfüllbar, das heißt, sie hat ein Modell, denn eine endliche Teilmenge dieser Formelmenge ist für geeignetes  in

enthalten, weshalb jede endliche Menge mit mindestens  Elementen ein Modell ist.
Dagegen gibt es kein Modell für die gesamte Formelmenge, denn ein Modell von  muss eine endliche Menge sein und kann daher nicht alle  erfüllen.

Da der Kompaktheitssatz aber für die Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe gilt, zeigt diese Überlegung noch einmal, dass  in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe nicht formulierbar sein kann.

Ungültigkeit des Satzes von Löwenheim-Skolem
Im Abschnitt Mächtigkeit wurde eine -Formel  erstellt, deren Modelle genau die höchstens abzählbaren Mengen sind. Würde der Satz von Löwenheim-Skolem auch für die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe gelten, so müsste es zur Formelmenge  ein abzählbares Modell geben, was aber nicht sein kann, denn jedes Modell von  ist notwendigerweise überabzählbar.

Unvollständigkeit der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe
In der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe kann man einen Sequenzenkalkül aufstellen und von diesem nachweisen, dass er für alle Herleitungen in einer Sprache der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe ausreichend ist, das ist der sogenannte Gödelsche Vollständigkeitssatz.
Man könnte nun versuchen, einen solchen Sequenzenkalkül um Elemente, die den Umgang mit Relationsvariablensymbolen festlegen, zu erweitern, um auch für die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe alle Herleitungen auf rein syntaktische Weise in einem solchen Kalkül ausführen zu können. Ein solcher Versuch muss scheitern, denn mit einem vollständigen Sequenzenkalkül für die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe könnte man den Beweis, der in der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe daraus auf den Kompaktheitssatz schließt, auf die Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe übertragen, aber es ist ja bereits bekannt, dass der Kompaktheitssatz hier nicht gilt.

Bezeichnet man das Schließen in einem solchen Sequenzenkalkül  mit , so bedeutet , dass sich der Ausdruck  durch Anwendungen der Regeln des Sequenzenkalküls aus der Formelmenge  herleiten lässt.
Die Schreibweise  bedeute wie oben, dass jedes Modell, das  erfüllt, auch  erfüllen muss.
Die gerade ausgeführte Überlegung zeigt also, dass es keinen Sequenzenkalkül  gibt, so dass für alle Formelmengen  und Ausdrücke  die Äquivalenz
 genau dann, wenn

gilt. Das schließt nicht aus, dass es einen Sequenzenkalkül geben könnte, der diese Äquivalenz für  erfüllt, dann hätte man immerhin einen Sequenzenkalkül für allgemeingültige Aussagen, aber auch das ist nicht der Fall, wie Kurt Gödel zeigen konnte. Diese Aussage nennt man die Unvollständigkeit der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass dies nicht der Gödelsche Unvollständigkeitssatz ist.

Fragmente der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe
Für Anwendungen werden gewisse Beschränkungen der Ausdrücke der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe betrachtet, man spricht von Fragmenten der Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe und interessiert sich für deren Ausdrucksstärke.

∃SO und ∀SO
In der existentiellen Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe beschränkt man sich auf Ausdrücke der Form
,
wobei  ein Ausdruck der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe in einer um  erweiterten Signatur ist. Insbesondere sind keine Allquantoren über Relationensymbole erlaubt. Wegen der englischen Bezeichnung existential second order logic wird dieses Fragment mit ∃SO bezeichnet.
Die Klasse der mittels ∃SO-Ausdrücken definierbaren Strukturen ist über den Satz von Fagin eng mit den Sprachen der Komplexitätsklasse NP verbunden, so dass sich bei geeigneter Codierung ∃SO mit NP identifizieren lassen.

Analog besteht die universelle Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe aus Ausdrücken der Form
,
mit einem Ausdruck  der Prädikatenlogik erster Stufe wie oben. Dieses Fragment wird mit ∀SO bezeichnet.
In der Komplexitätstheorie gehört ∀SO zur Komplexitätsklasse coNP, denn die ∀SO-Ausdrücke sind genau die Negationen der ∃SO-Ausdrücke und umgekehrt.

Allgemeiner lassen sich Fragmente  als Menge von Ausdrücken der Form

definieren und analog  als Menge der Negationen von .
Damit ist  und . Die Fragmente  und  beschreiben dann die Komplexitätsklassen der polynomialen Hierarchie.

MSO
Ein weiteres wichtiges Fragment erhält man, wenn man die Quantifizierung über Relationen auf einstellige Relationen, das heißt in jeder Interpretation auf Teilmengen des Universums, einschränkt. Man nennt dies die monadische Prädikatenlogik zweiter Stufe oder kurz, nach dem englischen monadic second order logic, MSO. Auch hier interessiert man sich für die Ausdrucksstärke und geht dazu auch auf kleinere Fragmente über wie etwa ∃MSO, was aus Ausdrücken besteht, die in MSO und in ∃SO liegen. Auch das lässt sich auf naheliegende Weise zu mit  und  bezeichneten Hierarchien erweitern.

Siehe auch
 Satz von Fagin
 Satz von Trachtenbrot
 Prädikatenlogik höherer Stufe

Literatur
 Heinz-Dieter Ebbinghaus, Jörg Flum, Wolfgang Thomas: Finite Model Theory. Springer Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-540-28787-6.

 Leonid Libkin: Elements of Finite Model Theory. Springer-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-540-21202-7.
 Alternative Notation für eine lokal modifizierte Variablendeklaration und -belegung.
 Generelle Maplet-Notation, ebenfalls eine Notation für lokal modifizierte Variablendeklaration und -belegung.

Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise

Mathematische Logik
Prädikatenlogik

fr:Logique d'ordre supérieur#Logique du second ordre


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Our goal is to provide quality cleaning and excellent customer service. If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with our quality of cleaning, contact us within 14 days of the due date of the order and Bakker's Fine Drycleaning will reprocess your garment at no additional charge.
Bakker's Fine Drycleaning employs experienced technicians to inspect the items upon receiving each garment from our customers. As a result, Bakker's Fine Drycleaning may, on occasion, spot a potential problem with a garment and ask for your permission before processing it. There may be an issue of colorfastness, age or weakness of the fabric, beads and/or sequins, or an extensive stain on the garment. If you authorize cleaning, the garment will be clearly marked by our Bakker's Fine Drycleaning cleaning technicians, and processed with extreme care. If we cannot obtain your authorization in a timely manner, then our garment specialists may decide to return your item without cleaning it.
Although our associates do their best to find objects left in garment pockets, Bakker's Fine Drycleaning cannot be responsible for them or the damage such objects might do to clothes during the cleaning process.


Pupils, parents, teachers and governors at Bolton School Boys' Division joined together for a Christmas Festival of joyous singing and poignant readings as the Bishop of Bolton, the Right Reverend Mark Ashcroft, recalled the true meaning of Christmas. He commended the boys for their eloquent readings and reflections which had made clear what the festive season is really all about. It should not be about presents nor should we be diverted by the peripherals of the Christmas story such as the manger, the Magi or the shepherds but we should focus on the coming of Jesus, the King of our Universe, who brings life, love and hope into our world.
This year's end of term celebration saw a range of choirs offer up an arresting selection of festive favourites, ably and frequently assisted by a large and encouraging congregation. Headmaster Philip Britton invited the gathering to worship before Year 7 boys sang the opening verse of Once in Royal David's City, after which their voices were supported by the Great Hall audience. There were similarly rousing renditions of O Little Town of Bethlehem, Hark! The Herald Angels Sing! Joy to the World! Mary's Boy Child, Shine Jesus Shine and a roof-raising finale of O Come, all ye Faithful!
The whole school hymns were punctuated by carefully selected biblical readings and reflections from pupils, the Headmaster and the Bishop. The tiered wall of voices which was the Boys' Division Choir sang On This Day Angels Sing, Angels Tell the Christmas Story and James R Murray's Away in a Manger. Girls and boys of the Chamber Choir performed harmonious renderings of What Sweeter Music, William Blake's The Lamb and No Room, No Room. There were also strong performances from the boys' Lower School Choir and Senior School Choir who sang What a Glorious Night and When Love was Born respectively.
Guests then enjoyed a festive toast in the Leverhulme Suite and retiring collection was made for charity.


So cool! Where was this taken? I think the only kind of buildings that have the same feel are the giant red barns you see as you pass farms while on the road. Ah…nostalgia!
Now that brings back memories. Beautiful.
Hey, great. So glad you like it, Mike. Thanks for letting me know.
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