text:
All fourth graders across North Carolina study state history and government. So every year, John Phillips, a social studies teacher at Brooks Global Studies Extended-Year Magnet School in Greensboro, takes
Our Sweetest Symbol: Moravian Cookies
When Greensboro fourth graders decided to launch a "state cookie" campaign, they got a lesson in civics, as well as patience. It turns out, nothing about Moravian cookies is easy — except, of course, eating them.
by Kathleen Purvis
All fourth graders across North Carolina study state history and government. So every year, John Phillips, a social studies teacher at Brooks Global Studies Extended-Year Magnet School in Greensboro, takes his class to the Capitol to see where governing happens. One favorite stop is a large mural of the state symbols, from the state dog (Plott hound) to the state tree (pine). Phillips always points out that the state vegetable, the sweet potato, was added after a campaign by schoolchildren.
In 2018, that trip to Raleigh so inspired Phillips's students that they decided to try to add another state symbol to the list. After long class discussions, they picked two: state battleship (the USS North Carolina, docked in Wilmington) and state cookie, the Moravian cookie. That's the crispy ginger cookie made by the religious group that settled near what is now Winston-Salem in 1753.
Only two other states have a state cookie. New Mexico has the biscochito, and Massachusetts, home of the original Toll House Inn, has the chocolate chip cookie. Maine has a state treat (whoopie pie), and Pennsylvania … well, Pennsylvania tried, starting with a school project in the 1990s, but politics is a tricky business. Pennsylvania's campaign stalled, caught in a debate between oatmeal chocolate chip, chocolate chip, and the Nazareth sugar cookie.
Phillips's class stuck with it, though. They did research, formulated arguments, and wrote formal letters to legislators. In March 2019, their request became a bill — House Bill 394 — sponsored by Rep. Jon Hardister and others. After the state battleship was split off into its own bill, the Moravian cookie bill made it through the House in May 2019, then landed in the Senate Rules and Operations Committee, where it spent the summer.
"It's not an instantaneous thing," Phillips says. "That's one thing for them to learn: how slow everything works. Welcome to reality. It's a good lesson."
And a particularly fitting one for Moravian cookies, which are notoriously difficult to make. Sometimes called the world's thinnest cookie, they have a thickness you can measure in the width of a Keebler elf's eyelash. They're also crisp — if a potato chip were a cookie, it would be Moravian. It seems that nothing about these beloved cookies comes easily — except, of course, eating them.
Social studies teacher John Phillips inspired his fourth graders to propose a new state symbol. House Bill 394 is still awaiting a vote in the Senate. photograph by Joey Seawell
Even lifelong Moravians rarely make Moravian cookies by hand anymore. Most prefer to buy them from cookie companies like Mrs. Hanes' and Salem Baking Company, a division of Dewey's Bakery in Winston-Salem. While Winkler Bakery in the city's Old Salem historic district gives lessons in rolling out the dough on Saturdays, the cookies sold there are made at a kitchen off-site.
There are a couple of things that make Moravian cookies so tricky: The dough, traditionally flavored with warm spices like ginger, cloves, mace, and nutmeg (although there are more flavors now, like butterscotch and lemon), is made in batches so large that they could defeat a cement mixer. Then, it has to be rolled out so thin that you can almost see through it — which means that cutting out and baking the cookies is particularly difficult, too.
Making Moravian cookies is so hard that it almost stumped Martha Stewart. In the late 1990s, cookbook author Virginia Willis was the kitchen director for the TV show Martha Stewart Living. Willis's godmother, Jenny Wingate, now 94, became a Moravian when she moved to Winston-Salem decades ago. While Willis was working for Stewart, she brought in some Moravian cookies sent to her by the woman she calls Aunt Jenny. "Martha tasted them, and it became: 'We must achieve this,'" Willis says, laughing.
Willis knew it wasn't going to be easy: "Anyone with any sense whatsoever who wants Moravian cookies buys them. Those are the most time-consuming things you could ever ask someone to make. But we persevered." The proof is in a video (you can find it on marthastewart.com) showing how the test kitchen conquered the cookie.
Making Moravian cookies is so hard that it almost stumped Martha Stewart.
Rolling the dough to the proper thinness is the eternal battle. Virginia Hege Tobiassen, 60, the pastor of Home Moravian Church in Old Salem, knows the challenge well. When Tobiassen was 17, she spent a weekend with her grandmother, even skipping a day of school, just to learn to make the cookies. She still has her journal entry, written on November 11, 1976: "Cutting the cookies and arranging them on the tray is something like cutting and arranging bits of wet Kleenex. The dough, when rolled to the proper nothingness, practically dissolves onto one's skin."
Tobiassen was one of four granddaughters in her family, but the other three never could learn to do it. "I just had the knack," she says. One trick she remembers: You roll the dough out on a pastry cloth that you keep clean and folded between baking sessions. "When you can see the fold marks through the dough, it's thin enough."
Tobiassen used to make the cookies every Christmas, but she gave it up when she was in her 30s and her son was born. "I never had the time," she says. "My grandmother, somehow, always had the time."
Most folks buy their Moravian cookies from one of several companies in the state. The cookies are particularly tricky to make because the dough must be rolled paper-thin. One Moravian baker described the process as "something like cutting and arranging bits of wet Kleenex." photograph by Joey Seawell
As Mr. Phillips's students discovered, if you want to study state history, the Moravian cookie is a good way to do it. Joanna Roberts is a longtime Old Salem employee who specializes in interpretations of life at the site. That makes her the unofficial cookie historian. She's delighted that the state might turn the Moravian cookie into a symbol. It isn't just about Old Salem, she says. It's about North Carolina: "This is many cultures, blended together."
The Moravians are a devout Christian denomination that originated around what is now Germany and the Czech Republic, and eventually migrated to America to set up missions. After settling in Pennsylvania, a group came to North Carolina and bought about 100,000 acres of farmland, called the Wachovia Tract, in what is now most of Forsyth County. They established a town, Salem, that became a busy trading post.
In those days, the word "cookie" hadn't come into common use. Small baked sweets were often called cakes. Since the Moravians had access to spices like ginger, black pepper, and allspice, as well as honey and molasses, they would make a thick, dark spice cookie, a form of German lebkuchen, that was stamped with elaborate designs using wooden rollers or molds. It wasn't the thin cookie we know today. Made from a low-moisture dough that would keep longer, the sweets were strongly spiced and traveled well. At the time, anything flavored with spices was called ginger, and Roberts has records showing that ginger cakes were sold by the town tavern in the 1700s. The bakery that became Winkler started later, in 1800, and began baking ginger breads and ginger cakes a few years after that.
Evva Hanes's mother started a Moravian cookie company out of the family's farmhouse. Today, the company, Mrs. Hanes', bakes more than 10 million cookies each year. Christmas demand is so high that they start packing holiday tins in July. photograph by Joey Seawell
By the mid-1800s, the word "cookie" came into style, along with leaveners like baking powder, which made cakes into something lighter and softer. Moravian bakers began to roll out their dough much thinner, either to increase the yield or to bake faster in wood-fired ovens. They cut the dough into simple shapes, usually circles and hearts, using tin cookie cutters that were cheaper to make than the old carved wooden molds.
Today, Winkler Bakery is a beloved tourist stop, where, on Saturdays, costumed docents use old-fashioned tools to roll out and bake cookies. One docent, Sister Deborah Crews, says that locals come in for a lesson in getting their dough thin enough.
These days, though, almost all Moravian cookies are produced by Dewey's Salem Baking Company and Mrs. Hanes', started by Evva Hanes's mother in the family farmhouse in nearby Arcadia, before the family built a factory next door in 1970. At Mrs. Hanes', you can watch through a plate glass window as bakers hand-roll and cut out thousands of pounds of dough each week. The company's bakers turn out 10.3 million cookies a year, shipping tins and tubes all over the world.
All of which is to say that state legislators weren't exaggerating when they wrote into the cookie bill: "Whereas, the Moravian cookie is one of the most popular cookies in North Carolina." For her part, Evva Hanes is so certain that the bill will pass that the company kitchen is working on experimental batches of NC-shaped cookies. Mr. Phillips's fourth graders, who are now sixth graders, will surely be first in line for the novelty version. Undaunted by the glacial pace of progress, Phillips, too, is optimistic that the bill will eventually find its way to Gov. Roy Cooper's desk and be signed into law.
"We're keeping our fingers crossed. Wouldn't it be great to get him to come to Greensboro, to sign it with the students there?" Phillips says. We're coming up on an election year, too, he points out, and who votes against cookies and schoolkids before an election?
Mrs. Hanes Moravian Cookies
4643 Friedberg Church Road
hanescookies.com
Dewey's Bakery
262 South Stratford Road
deweys.com
Kathleen Purvis
Purvis is the food editor for The Charlotte Observer. She is the author of two Savor the South Cookbooks: Pecans and Bourbon. Purvis has been cookbook awards chair for the James Beard Awards since 2000.
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by Justin Allen
Weathermaker Music
"We never made a penny off of our own recordings until we started our own label."
That's what Tim Sult, guitarist of Clutch, the legendary Maryland band, had to say when we interviewed him at a recent show in New Jersey about the success of the band's personal label, Weathermaker Music. Established after eighteen years in the industry with two major labels and three independents, Weathermaker Music was formed after a falling out with their last label, DRT. A settlement awarded the rights to the three albums that Clutch had recorded for DRT to the band thus launching a new chapter in the history of what may be one of the lesser known, greatest rock bands of all time.
One reason for Clutch's relative obscurity lies in their refusal to adhere to what's expected from any one genre. Often clumsily described as hard rock or hard core, much of their music is infused with a heavy groove that could just as easily be funk if the guitar were accompanied by horns. In later years, a distinct blues influence has steadily grown more present in their recordings. At times heavy, I personally consider Clutch's music best described as roots Americana of the rock and roll variety. Guitarist Tim Sult could very well have set the new for standard pentatonic architecture while drummer Jean-Paul Gastner and Dan Maines comprise a rhythm section that could give John Bonham and John Paul Jones or Billy Cox and Buddy Miles a run for their money.
The vocals driving the music are piloted by a lyricist who practices a curious manipulation of the English language and a stage presence not unlike an animated gospel preacher. In the tradition of grand storytelling, Neil Fallon uses language and narrative in such a way as to grant the listener a reprieve from the everyday. The music is full of seemingly profound proclamations, philosophical conundrums, classical mythology, historical fiction, pop culture oddities, old testament vernacular and imagery, science fiction, ruminations on conspiracy theories, and surrealism. It's not uncommon to laugh out loud while listening.
Clutch isn't the first band to establish their own label but, rather, they are a part of a growing trend of musicians who are realizing the ability to better represent themselves than to rely upon someone else. The central reason being that the major labels, and other monolithic media models, cannot sustain themselves when the media, upon which they rely for revenue, is relieved from their control. This is one of the core tenets of the digital revolution. All attempts to effectively maintain majority control over the distribution of media have failed. In a famous example Sony, which owns Sony Music, and was also the world's leading consumer electronics manufacturer throughout the nineties, fought to protect revenue generated by recorded music while ignoring the opportunity to capitalize on the impending shift in media distribution dynamics. Meanwhile, Apple developed and released the iPod and iTunes, not only eclipsing Sony as the leading manufacturer of consumer electronics, but also fundamentally and forever changing the music industry.
"They talk about the collapse of the industry; I don't really think it's the collapse of the music industry as much as it is the collapse of the labels themselves. The bands on major labels in the nineties weren't making any money. It was the same deal back then, the labels were taking all of the money and not paying the bands," remarked Clutch guitarist Sult when asked to share his thoughts on the current state of the music industry.
Granted, Clutch built their fan base by steadily touring over the past seventeen years before starting their own label. They were first signed when grunge took off and music biz speculators were betting on viable bands sans hairspray and leather chaps. Early in their career they benefited from tour support and a video that helped introduce them to a population of young music fans invigorated by, what felt like, a musical revolution at the time. But after their second album, Clutch (self-titled), it was clear they were somewhat peculiar in that there was nothing else to directly compare them to thus making them hard to categorize and hard for a populace brought up in an age of uniformity to grasp.
Other albums followed as well as various labels. But the reason why they sell out every venue these days has less to do with products and salesmen and more to do with live performances, an appreciation for their fans, and a sincere love for what they do.
"I think the whole thing sort of separates the men for the boys, so to speak. If you're in a band and you truly love your music and you want to do it you're not going to depend on a label to do it for you," said Sult backstage during an interview with What Weekly.
What's interesting about this point in their career is that it helps to illustrate the decline of 20th Century media business models. Clutch isn't completely dependent upon the internet to determine their path but bands today are empowered by it. The reason I'm writing this is because one random night I was reminded of their self-titled album and felt compelled to download it to my phone and share it with all those in the car at that moment. My enthusiasm made an impression on my fiancee who later tracked down the band via the internet, emailed their PR rep who provided a photo pass and tickets to their last show before leaving for Europe. That's what was under my tree on Christmas morning. I then got online, found out about Weathermaker Music, watched dozens of videos I'd never seen, downloaded the albums I didn't own (for which most of the proceeds went directly to the band) and became a fan all over again.
By now, hopefully I've introduced them to some of you who may have yet to experience their music. It's not for everyone but I'm certain some will find it infectious. Clutch is an example of the difference between industry pop idols and artists who live and breathe what they do. One is dependent upon consumerism, are disposable, and a product of insincere marketing. The other, thrives on creating authentic experiences that are embedded into the lives of their audience consistently and is dependent upon patronage, a concept that was all but abandoned in the latter half of the 20th Century. Patronage requires the audience to take responsibility in the art by consciously supporting it. It could be as simple as sharing a link to a video over social media, paying to see a live show, or writing an article in a local zine that has an audience. This may very well be the model that will support artists who forge a truly representative and inclusive culture rather than a manufactured one.
The show we went to see at Starland Ballroom in New Jersey was completely sold out. For over ninety minutes the entire venue was filled with the voices of hundreds of fans who knew nearly every word to music spanning twenty years. It was the first time I'd seen the band in nearly fifteen. It was one of the best shows I've been to in the past decade.
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BBM: We are very, very close to finalizing my positioning, my campaign in the 2016 elections. They are not yet finalized now because the discussions involve not only myself but also the members of the Nationalista party. I do not want to pre-empt anything, any decisions that the party will be making. Ang desisyon naman talaga kapag national election, kapag national na kampanya, always involves discussions with the party. Dahil hindi ka naman makatakbo ng national ng walang dalang partido. So it's very important that the parties are also involved in the discussions so that's why since we have not finalized the Nationalista Party hasn't finalized its position for the 2016 election then my place amongst the party members is also something that we are not yet ready to announce so I have to ask for your patience. Pero, I can promise you this. Malapit na. Malapit na. Ano na ba ngayon, 27?
Q: Balita ko bukas raw magdedeclare kayo?
BBM: Marami rin akong balita. Balita ko nga ngayon. Balita ko'y kahapon. Balita ko bukas. Balita ko, puro balita. Hindi galing sa akin.
Q: when are you going to make the decision? Because the filing is October starts October 12?
BBM: Yes I know that's why we are quite aware of the dates that are involved. That's why, as I said, presently on discussions amongst different groups, different individuals, but again we have not yet finalized how we are going to, what we are going to do in the next elections.
BBM: No you're asking me sa tatlo sa amin sino nangunguna, what do you mean by nangunguna?
BBM: Hindi naman ako… We are still hoping that the party will choose one and I think that's probably the best situation for us dahil mahirap naman maghati hati ang partida. I would rather prefer that we are united. That is the strength of the Nacionalista Party. As I said before. It is not the biggest party, but it is the most cohesive one. And I hope to keep it that way. That again is the decision that the party leader and the members will have to make.
Q: Sir kung sino man Sir iyong hindi mapili, hindi naman aalis sa NP?
BBM: You'll have to ask them, I cannot answer for them.
BBM: Ako I don't have any intention. I would rather, talaga siyempre, kagaya ng sabi ko, hindi ka makatakbo sa national kung walang, ng walang partido. So, my party has been (3:48) since 2009 has been the Nacionalista Party.
Q: Sir so definitely po you are running for a higher position?
BBM: Well sa ngayon, iyon ang pinag-uusapan. The Senate is still remains of course, still remains an option. I might still take up that option. But right now we are talking about higher position.
Q: Sir you're close to finalizing mga ilang percent na po iyong for a higher position?
BBM: I do not understand the question about percent. it's not a question of percent. You know, when people say percent ibig sabihin may pinagtutunguhan. If that's what you want to do, then just do it. Ba't percent percent pa? So that's right. It's just really trying to determine. Don't worry I'll get to you. I'll answer all your questions. I'm not going to leave here until you are completely answered. All the different elements pinag-aaralan ko. Ano ba talaga, sino tatakbo nito, sino-sino sasama sa atin. So as you can see this is an unusual election. Dahil kahit yung administrasyon hindi pa buo. Wala pang… Tapos yesterday nagrally na, so whatever you want to call it, march, si Mayor Duterte another undetermined variable iyon. So it's really coming down to. Yes sorry I didn't mean to.
Q: So how will be party choose its candidates for higher office?
BBM: We make call on but I think what we'll probably do is just call on a meeting of the membership. I don't know if we will take a vote. But again this would seem to be the most, yeah I could say equitable democratic way to determine, so.
BBM: I don't know. You ask our President first because I have been in touch with Senator Manny Villar. Of course we are constantly in touch. So far we have been, we are still trying to see, if we are going to (6:12…) but we haven't decided yet.
Q: Sir you keep on mentioning the NP, Nacionalista Party. How about your former party KBL?
BBM: I belong to the Nacionalista Party.
Q: Your father belongs to KBL?
BBM: My father created the KBL. But the KBL has not, if you remember I have not been a member of the KBL for a long time. At some point the leadership separated with… That's why I ended up with Nacionalista.
Q: Sir can I get your reaction about the issues coming out now because it is September and it is the Martial Law month. Marami pong lumalabas ngayon na issues about those things. May I get your reaction and if ever na, kasi may mga negative, meron ding positive. Paano niyo po ita-try anuhin iyong mga negative issues na lumalabas Sir?
BBM: Well that's not surprising but this has been the same thing that we have been hearing for 30 years. So again if I have to answer it, I will answer it but it doesn't really matter to me in the sense that there's nothing new to be said. They ask the same questions, I have the same answer. So I will continue to do the same thing. The questions about that time, if I can answer it, I will answer it. But I think what the country really needs is a plan for the future. Not a discussion of the past. The past is done. It's finished. Now what, diba? Tapos na iyon. Nangyari na iyon. And in fact the government fell. So now, we are here 30 years on. We need to move on and be discussing more what the problems are that we have today. What has happened since 1986? Pag-usapan natin iyon. They want to examine the record. Then fine let's examine the records since 1986 and see how it compares. Again, ang mga Pilipino kung tatanungin mo sila, ano pinoproblema nila, ano iniisip nila? Drugs, prices, trabaho, corruption. Iyon parin ang kanilang iniisip so iyon ang dapat natin bigyan ng pansin.
Q: In looking at the future Senator.
BBM: Yes, well there is one part that, there has been a rise in the push for Federalism. So yes that's something that we need to discuss. But it is clear that it will not happen in this administration. Because this administration has always put out a policy that they will not touch the Constitution.
BBM: I am not a particular advocate for Federalism. I am in agree. I think that Federalism is a system of government that we should study and it is something that might provide some of the answers but I have not campaigned for Federalism. It's been Mayor Duterte who has campaigned for Federalism. So, as a matter of fact, that is going to be part of the discussion for this election but again it is not going to happen until after, in the next administration if ever.
Q: Sir, do you feel and believe that yung Solid North na sinasabi natin especially for candidates seeking elective positions in national ay solid parin up to now? Para sainyo.
BBM: It depends on the candidate. I think the experience of the 2010 elections parang na solid ulit iyong Solid North na matagal ng hindi I think that we were able to bring back that old, we were able to unify once again the Ilocanos to show that there is still Solid North.
BBM: I'll put it this way. I don't want. You don't assume anything especially pag election. So I'm not assuming anything, I'm not counting on anything. I will work hard to gain the Ilocano vote. Especially for me as a national candidate, the Ilocano vote has a very important point of support. One of the lessons one learns in national politics is mahirap manalo ng national position na wala kang balwarte. Wala naman akong ibang panggagalingan kundi sa norte.
Q: Sir what you say Senator that the result of the senatorial elections where you ran and won an indication of how strong or how weak the Ilocano vote?
BBM: Yes. Exactly right. That's exactly what I mean. Kasi for a while wala na iyong Ilocano vote. Hindi nag-unify ang Ilocano behind any candidate. Pero nung 2010 naramdaman natin na nagkaroon ng unity ulit yung ilocanos. That was an important part of my campaign in 2010.
BBM: Exactly. The result indicates that we were able to unify once again the Ilocano vote in 2010. I am hoping to go back. Well you know we always talk about Northern Luzon. Iyong Ilocano nagkalat na. Hindi lang Northern Luzon so but we talk about the Ilocano vote. So we're hoping to again ask and get the support of Ilocanos. But of course the Philippines does not comprise only of Ilocos. It is comprised of many places so that will just be the beginning. We will have to go and get the support from everyone else there.
Q: Sir if ever po you will be the running mate of Vice-President Binay, Sir how would you feel about being closely working with somebody who worked with your family?
BBM: Maybe you should ask him that. Because he was the one who first made the proposal that I run with him, so I suppose we return to the expression that "Politics makes for strange bedfellow that instance would be a perfect example.
Q: Sir between Poe, Mayor Duterte and Vice Binay, sino Sir ang loves niyo?
Q: Sir Senator facebook po is flooded with from your supporters na mag run po kayo for president. What can you say po doon sa supporters ninyo?
Q: Thank you sir. Sir between po your father and your mother, kanino po kayo nagmana? Intelligence o charm?
BBM: You know you shouldn't ask me that you should ask other people dahil mahirap maghusga sa sarili. I don't know. I don't know kasi alam mo ang totoo noong bata ako ang sinasabi I'm more like my mother. Habang tumatanda ako sinasabi I'm more like my father. That's not me. That's other people telling me. I suppose, malalapit sa amin. So I guess it's an evolving thing.
BBM: I don't know, it's just. I don't really think about it very hard. All I know is when people say like when I was younger say you're like your mother. Now I'm a little older they say you remind us of your father, so I guess nagbago rin, I don't know. Nandito na ako sa pulitika kaya I'm taking after some of the things, I don't know. Again, it's not really. Again, You have to make that judgement. It's impossible for me to make that judgement. Dahil, I don't watch myself.
Q: Sir, ay pera daw sa BBL kung sakaling makapasa?
BBM: Sino? Saan galing? Kanino? Pera para kanino? Para sa Bangsamoro may malaking pera.
BBM: I'm sorry I don't know anything about that.
BBM: All I know is that naging issue sa Malaysia yung pera na ginamit para pagkampanya sa BBL. Iyon lang alam ko tapos yung Chinese na nahuli na sinasabi, pero palagay ko di naman totoo iyon. So, I don't know. I don't know anything about money for BBL. Because I'll tell you something, the BBL in its original version is dead. Walang pag-asang pumasa sa house. Walang pag-asa pumasa sa senado. So ang dinedeliberate ngayon namin ay iyong mga substitute bill na kapalit.
Q: The one you filed?
BBM: The one I made and there is one in the house also.
Q: I got 2 questions. I heard that you're running for the Vice-Presidency, but on the SWS survey, September 2-5, I saw your rank there. You got only 7% while Escudero got 20%. But on the senatorial I saw you're in the top 10. Is it not risky running for the vice-presidency than you are in the senatorial?
BBM: Every campaign is a risk. You run for barangay captain, it's a risk. Yes it's risky but so I don't know. Even senatorial is, lahat naman iyan. Wala naman tiyak iyan.
Q: So, you have the moist eyes for the Vice-Presidency?
Q: You have the moist eyes for Vice-Presidency?
BBM: What is a moist eyes?
Q: You have the interest to run for the Vice-Presidency.
BBM: I have interest to run for higher office. That's what we have been talking about.
Q: Sir, lately I was watching there were these 16 Pangasinan congressmen who wrote a letter to the United Nation and then I saw your statement there. You are for the bilateral agreement with the Chinese?
BBM: No, no, no. I have for the bilateral talks with the Chinese.
Q: Yeah, bilateral talks with the Chinese.
BBM: Because for the first time in this entire situation, the Chinese have agreed to talk under the framework of international law or the… Which is something that they have never done before because nung nakaraan they only talked about the… Now they are willing to talk about baselines under UN. That's new. Pero hindi rin nirecognize ng ating DFA. Hindi yata nalalaman kung gaano kalaking pagbabago ito. So we have continued to do nothing except make our case in the adjudication in the UN.
Q: Because sir the perception in the Philippines is that the Chinese could not be trusted and one of the example there is Panatag Shoal when the BRP Pampangga left the Chinese as agreed, they did not leave the place and that's why Scarborough now and that Panatag Shoal now is being controlled by the Chinese.
BBM: Well be that as it may, I still think we should talk to the Chinese. Or should we just. Doing nothing will not improve the situation. We have to do something and I think the Chinese have given us even a small opening and so I think we should take it as an opportunity. Let us start I think a way to begin this discussion is mapag-usapan lang natin kung papaano ang policy ng China at saka Pilipinas sa fishermen. Kasi bago magkagulo ng ganito yung mga mangingisda ng China atsaka ng Pilipino laging magkasama iyan. They fish together. Pag natapos sila mag fishing they eat together. Nagkikita-kita sila. Walang problema. Ngayon nagkakaproblema. Puwede ba natin ibalik muna doon sa dating sitwasyon so umpisahan natin sa mga fishermen. Para naman yung mga tauhan natin ay hindi nahihirapan, hindi nalalagay sa alanganin. So let's start from there, that's a small step. And let's keep going and see. But we have to start. I'm not saying if we meet with the Chinese under the… matatapos lahat ng problema natin. I'm not saying that but we have to do something. We cannot. This situation cannot just be allowed to continue.
Q: Thank you Sir. Why do you think Senator the government doesn't have what we call bilateral talks?
BBM: I am always, I have never understood that policy. I don't agree with that policy. I think that we should try every way that we can. Formal talks, informal talks, basketball diplomacy. Whatever kind of contact that we can have. You never know kung saan lalabas iyong sagot. Kung saan lilitaw oyong solusyon. So I think we can try if we fail then we will try again. But we cannot do nothing. We cannot do nothing.
Q: There is no absolutely no risk in trying to bilateral talks?
Q: So we can put on record that you bilateral talks?
BBM: Well I have put that on record for a long time. As I say I even go beyond just a form of bilateral talks. I think that we should try as many ways and as many contacts that we can. Yung mga, lahat ng Pilipino halimbawa na may negosyo sa China, baka yung mga kaibigan nila na mga mayayaman dun, o mga powerful friends nila dun ay baka dun tayo makalapit sa, makahanp ng solusyon. Baka iyong mga cultural exchanges. You never know when it will start. You have to remember China for example opened diplomacy with the United States with Ping-pong. Sa ping-pong nag-umpisa yung diplomacy na iyon. So you never know where it's going to come from.
BBM: But you have to try. I cannot, sitting back and waiting for things to get better by themselves is for me not a solution.
Q: …you filed a substitute bill. What is the status of that?
BBM: We are in the period of interpellation. Which means every day I will stand up, and I will tell my colleagues in the Senate will ask me questions about the substitute bill.
BBM: Well the consultations on the, we do no talk about the BBL anymore because there is no more BBL. We talk about the basic law on the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region and in short we call it BL BAR. The BL BAR now is finished. It's closed. Nandiyan na iyong version. The only. It's only now the senators in the Senate and the Congressmen in the House who can make changes to, each house's version. At this point siyempre lahat naman ng Senador, lahat naman ng kongresista nakikinig sa mga tao. At kung sa palagay nila tama iyong sinasabi they bring it up to the plenary discussion. But at the moment, the reason we closed the hearing phase is because sa aming palagay we have conducted sufficient hearings and that we have heard all the important issues that have been raised by all the different stakeholders.
BBM: They have not even said anything.
BBM: Yes. Wala silang sinasabi kung kelan sila maglalabas ng desisyun.


Jaeger have reinvented the classic Tilly bag for this season with a finish in the smoothest leather ever. You can wear this bag over your shoulder or carry it in your hand, and this classic style will last for many seasons to come. This bag is available in beige, lilac or black.
Measurements: Width: 30cm, Height: 26cm, Depth: 17cm, Strap: 31 cm. All measurements are approximate.
Style note: The Tilly is a classic style which is one of Jaeger's most popular bags and it will become one of your wardrobe staples.
The Jaeger Imogen is a boxy bag made from smooth leather. The strap has chain detailing with a leather insert and the bag is availalbe in black, beige or lilac leather.
Measurements: Width: 33cm, Height: 20cm, Depth: 15cm, Strap: 51 cm. All measurements are approximate.
Style note: A stylish bag for day or evening wear, the smooth uncluttered outer creates a sophisticated appearance.


text:
TextureClass::TextureClass(){
	m_targaData = 0;
	m_texture = 0;
	m_textureView = 0;
}

TextureClass::TextureClass(const TextureClass& other){}

TextureClass::~TextureClass(){}

bool TextureClass::Initialize(ID3D11Device* device, ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, char* filename, HWND hwnd){
	bool result;
	int height, width;
	D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC textureDesc;
	HRESULT hr;
	unsigned int rowPitch;
	D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srvDesc;

	result = LoadTarga(filename, height, width, hwnd);
	if (!result){
		return false;
	}

	m_width = width;
	m_height = height;

	textureDesc.Height = height;
	textureDesc.Width = width;
	textureDesc.MipLevels = 0;
	textureDesc.ArraySize = 1;
	textureDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
	textureDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
	textureDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
	textureDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	textureDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
	textureDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
	textureDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_GENERATE_MIPS;

	hr = device->CreateTexture2D(&textureDesc, NULL, &m_texture);
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		OutputErrorMessageWithFilename(hwnd, hr, filename, L"Could not create 2D texture: ");
		return false;
	}

	rowPitch = (width * 4)*sizeof(unsigned char);

	deviceContext->UpdateSubresource(m_texture, 0, NULL, m_targaData, rowPitch, 0);
	srvDesc.Format = textureDesc.Format;
	srvDesc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
	srvDesc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
	srvDesc.Texture2D.MipLevels = -1;

	hr = device->CreateShaderResourceView(m_texture, &srvDesc, &m_textureView);
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		OutputErrorMessageWithFilename(hwnd, hr, filename, L"Could not create shader resource view for the following TGA file: ");
		return false;
	}

	deviceContext->GenerateMips(m_textureView);

	delete[] m_targaData;
	m_targaData = 0;

	return true;
}

void TextureClass::Shutdown(){
	if (m_textureView){
		m_textureView->Release();
		m_textureView = 0;
	}
	if (m_texture){
		m_texture->Release();
		m_texture = 0;
	}
	if (m_targaData){
		delete[] m_targaData;
		m_targaData = 0;
	}
}

ID3D11ShaderResourceView* TextureClass::GetTexture(){
	return m_textureView;
}

bool TextureClass::LoadTarga(char* filename, int& height, int& width, HWND hwnd){
	int error, bpp, imageSize, index;
	FILE* filePtr;
	unsigned int count;
	TargaHeader targaFileHeader;
	unsigned char* targaImage;

	error = fopen_s(&filePtr, filename, "rb");
	if (error){
		size_t origSize = strlen(filename) + 1;
		const size_t newSize = 200;
		size_t convertedChars = 0;
		wchar_t wcstr[newSize];
		mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstr, origSize, filename, _TRUNCATE);
		std::wstring outputWStr = L"Could not load TGA file: " + std::wstring(wcstr);

		MessageBox(hwnd, outputWStr.c_str(), L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	count = (unsigned int)fread(&targaFileHeader, sizeof(TargaHeader), 1, filePtr);
	if (count != 1){
		return false;
	}

	height = (int)targaFileHeader.height;
	width = (int)targaFileHeader.width;
	bpp = (int)targaFileHeader.bpp;

	if (bpp != 32){
		size_t origSize = strlen(filename) + 1;
		const size_t newSize = 200;
		size_t convertedChars = 0;
		wchar_t wcstr[newSize];
		mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstr, origSize, filename, _TRUNCATE);
		std::wstring outputWStr = L"The following TGA file is not 32bit: " + std::wstring(wcstr);

		MessageBox(hwnd, outputWStr.c_str(), L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	imageSize = width*height * 4;
	targaImage = new unsigned char[imageSize];
	if (!targaImage){
		MessageBox(hwnd, L"Out of memory. Could not allocate space for targa image variable.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	count = (unsigned int)fread(targaImage, 1, imageSize, filePtr);
	if (count != imageSize){
		size_t origSize = strlen(filename) + 1;
		const size_t newSize = 200;
		size_t convertedChars = 0;
		wchar_t wcstr[newSize];
		mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstr, origSize, filename, _TRUNCATE);
		std::wstring outputWStr = L"The image size for the following TGA file does not match the pixels read: " + std::wstring(wcstr);

		MessageBox(hwnd, outputWStr.c_str(), L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	error = fclose(filePtr);
	if (error){
		size_t origSize = strlen(filename) + 1;
		const size_t newSize = 200;
		size_t convertedChars = 0;
		wchar_t wcstr[newSize];
		mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstr, origSize, filename, _TRUNCATE);
		std::wstring outputWStr = L"Could not close the following TGA file: " + std::wstring(wcstr);

		MessageBox(hwnd, outputWStr.c_str(), L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	m_targaData = new unsigned char[imageSize];
	if (!m_targaData){
		size_t origSize = strlen(filename) + 1;
		const size_t newSize = 200;
		size_t convertedChars = 0;
		wchar_t wcstr[newSize];
		mbstowcs_s(&convertedChars, wcstr, origSize, filename, _TRUNCATE);
		std::wstring outputWStr = L"Out of memory. Could not create targa data variable for the following TGA file: " + std::wstring(wcstr);

		MessageBox(hwnd, outputWStr.c_str(), L"Error", MB_OK);
		return false;
	}

	index = 0;
	int k = (width*height * 4) - (width * 4);

	for (int j = 0; j < height; j++){
		for (int i = 0; i < width; i++){
			m_targaData[index + 0] = targaImage[k + 2];
			m_targaData[index + 1] = targaImage[k + 1];
			m_targaData[index + 2] = targaImage[k + 0];
			m_targaData[index + 3] = targaImage[k + 3];
			k += 4;
			index += 4;
		}
		k -= (width * 8);
	}

	delete[] targaImage;
	targaImage = 0;

	return true;
}

int TextureClass::GetWidth(){
	return m_width;
}

int TextureClass::GetHeight(){
	return m_height;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Time to go green. Find out how well these energy suppliers do when it comes to greenhouse gas emissions.
The Mount Mercer wind farm is the most recent Australian project which is capable of providing enough energy for the entire population of Ballarat - approximately 80,000 households.
Click here to learn more about Powershop.
Click here to learn more about Diamond Energy.
The general offer is marketed as "renewable" but it's not accredited and it's competing with GreenPower.
Click here to learn more about Momentum energy.
Click here to learn more about Origin Energy.
Click here to learn more about AGL Energy.
Click here to learn more about Energy Australia.
Install low-energy LED and Fluorescent lights.
Turn off lights that you're not using. Turn off all appliances that aren't in use to save more power.
Dress appropriately for certain weather conditions and set your home temperature to 18-20 degrees celsius, if you can. Every one degree less will save about 10% on your heating bill.
You can install heaters that target specific areas of your house so you can be more efficient with your heating and expenses.
Consult an energy expert. Your expert will take a look at your energy spending and help you figure out what suppliers would be best for you.
Computers have a standby mode which uses half the typical energy a computer would use.
Laptops can save you more on your energy bill. They use roughly 85% less energy than desktops.


text:
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package se.kth.karamel.webservice.calls.system;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import se.kth.karamel.client.api.KaramelApi;
import se.kth.karamel.webservice.calls.AbstractCall;

/**
 *
 * @author kamal
 */
@Path("/system/exit")
public class ExitKaramel extends AbstractCall {

  public ExitKaramel(KaramelApi karamelApi) {
    super(karamelApi);
  }

  @GET
  public Response exitKaramel() {
    Response response = Response.status(Response.Status.OK).build();

    new Thread() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        try {
          Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
          logger.warn(ex.getMessage());
        } finally {
          logger.info("Karamel Shutdown finished.");
          System.exit(0);
        }
      }
    }.start();

    return response;
  }

}


1.1 These Terms and Conditions of the company Proactive UK Limited, Unit 1 & 2, Eastman Way, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP2 7DU (hereinafter referred to as "Seller") shall apply to all contracts concluded between a consumer or a trader (hereinafter referred to as "Client") and the Seller relating to all goods and/or services presented in the online shop of the Seller and any other goods / services as may be specified by the Client. The inclusion of the Client's own conditions is herewith objected to, unless other terms have been stipulated.
2.2 The Client may submit the offer by the online order form integrated into the Seller's online shop. In doing so, after having placed the selected goods and/or services in the virtual basket and passed through the ordering process, and by clicking the button finalising the order process, the Client submits a legally binding offer of contract with regard to the goods and/or services contained in the virtual basket. The Client may also present the offer to the Seller by means of telephone, fax, e-mail, postal service or in person.
- by delivering ordered goods to the Client; in which case receipt of goods by the Client is decisive. Provided that several of the aforementioned alternatives apply, the contract shall be concluded at the time when one of the aforementioned alternatives firstly occurs. Should the seller not accept the Client's offer within the aforementioned period of time, this shall be deemed as rejecting the offer with the effect that the Client is no longer bound by his statement of intent.
2.4 The period for acceptance of the offer shall start on the day after the Client has sent the offer and ends on expiry of the fifth working day following the sending of the offer.
2.5 The contract's content will be stored by the Seller and will be sent to the Client in writing including these Terms and Conditions and Client Information (for example via e-mail, fax or letter) after the Client has submitted his order. In addition, for online orders the contract's content will be stored on the Seller's website and can be found by the Client in the customer login via the password-protected customer account, provided the Client has created a customer account in the online shop prior to submitting his order.
2.6 The Client can correct all the data entered via input and delete functions of his computer, laptop, mobile or any other electronic device prior to submitting his binding order. In addition, prior to submitting the order, all data entered will be displayed in a confirmation window and can be corrected here too.
2.7 Order processing and Client contact usually takes place via e-mail and automated order processing. It is the Client`s responsibility to ensure that the e-mail address he/she provides for the order processing is accurate so that e-mails sent by the Seller can be received at this address. Particularly, it is the Client`s responsibility, if SPAM filters are used, to ensure that all e-mails sent by the Seller or by third parties commissioned by the Seller with the order processing can be delivered.
3.1 Consumers are entitled to the right of cancellation. Detailed information about the right of cancellation are provided in the Seller's instruction on cancellation.
3.2 Traders have no right of cancellation but may return unused goods subject to a restocking fee of not more than 25% of the invoiced value of the goods.
4.1 Unless otherwise stated in the product descriptions, prices indicated are end prices and include the statutory value-added tax. Any possible additional delivery and despatch costs are specified separately in the respective product description.
4.2 Payment can be made using one of the methods mentioned in the Seller's online shop.
4.4 A trader may request and be granted a credit account subject to credit evaluation and positive credit references. If approved, this will be confirmed in writing. All invoices shall be due for payment within 30 days of the invoice date.
5.1 The quantity and description of the Goods shall be as set out in the Seller's acceptance of offer or Order Acknowledgment or Sales Order.
5.3 If the Seller or its suppliers wish to make any improvements or modifications to any Goods to be supplied to the buyer that would affect form fit or function the Seller shall not implement such improvement or modification without the prior agreement of the Client .
5.4 If the Client wishes to change the specification of any goods to be supplied by the Seller then the Seller shall not be obliged to agree to such change. If the Seller does agree to any proposed change request by the Client then the Seller shall be entitled to adjust the price of the Goods and delivery accordingly.
5.5 All technical information and particulars of Goods and performance given by the Seller are given as accurately as possible but are not to be treated as binding or as forming any part of any contract with the Buyer unless specifically confirmed or agreed by the Seller in writing.
5.6 All used or second hand goods are warranted by the Seller with the exception of consumable items such as batteries, media cards, tapes and lamps.
6.1 Goods are generally delivered to the delivery address indicated by the Client, unless otherwise agreed.
6.2 Any time or date for delivery given by the Seller is given in good faith, but is an estimate only and time for delivery is not the essence of these conditions.
6.3 Should delivery to the Client not be possible, the assigned transport company may return the goods to the Seller in which case the Client bears the cost of the unsuccessful delivery.
This shall not apply if the Client is not responsible for the event that prohibits the delivery, or if he/she has been temporarily impeded to receive the ordered goods, unless the Seller has given notice to the Client in an adequate period of time prior to the delivery.
6.4 The transport company may send an email to the Client advising them in advance of an intended delivery date and time. It may be possible to reschedule a revised date and time slot with the transport company or give an alternative delivery address such as a neighbour or a Client nominated safe place. A photograph of the nominated safe place will be taken by the transport company for evidence purposes. Whilst we cannot prevent the Client from revising delivery instructions to a safe place without a signed proof of delivery this is not recommended as neither Seller or the transport company will accept any liability for loss.
6.5 The risk of accidental destruction and accidental deterioration of the sold goods shall in principle be transferred to the Client upon delivery of the Goods to the Client's delivery address, or to a person identified by the Client to take possession of the goods. Should the Client act as a trader, the risk of accidental destruction and accidental deterioration in the event of a sale by despatch shall be transferred upon delivery of the Goods to a qualified person, warehouse operative and/or receptionist at the Seller's place of business.
6.6 Should the Client act as a trader with a 30 day payment account, the title of the Goods remain the property of the Seller until payment of the invoice is received by the Seller. Until full payment is received, the Client shall insure the goods in respect of loss against all risks including flood, fire, theft.
6.7 The Seller reserves the right to withdraw from the contract in the event of incorrect or improper self-supply. This only applies if the Seller is not responsible for the non-supply and if he has concluded a concrete hedging transaction with the supplier.
The Seller shall make all reasonable efforts to obtain the goods. In case of non-availability or partial availability of the goods he shall inform the Client without delay and payments made by the Client will be immediately refunded.
6.8 Collection by the Client is possible from our Hemel Hempstead warehouse by appointment.
7.1 The Client shall be deemed to have accepted the Goods 48 hours after delivery to the Client.
7.2 The Client shall carry out a thorough inspection of the Goods within 24 hours of delivery and shall give notification by telephone to the Seller within 24 hours of delivery of the Goods followed by written notification to the Seller within 5 working days of delivery of the Goods of any defects which a reasonable examination would have revealed.
7.3 Where the Client has accepted, or has been deemed to have accepted the Goods, the Client shall not be entitled to reject Goods which are not in accordance with the contract.
9.1 The Seller shall not be under any liability for any failure to perform any of its obligations under the Order due to Force Majeure. Following notification by the Seller to the Client of such cause, the Seller shall be allowed a reasonable extension of time for the performance of its obligations.
9.2 For the purposes of this Condition, "Force Majeure" means fire, explosion, flood, lightning, Act of God, act of terrorism, war, rebellion, riot, sabotage, or official strike or similar official labour dispute, or events or circumstances outside the reasonable control of the party affected thereby.
Both the Seller and the Buyer shall each keep confidential and shall not without the prior consent in writing of the other disclose to any third party any technical or commercial information which it has acquired from the other as a result of discussions, negotiations and other communications between them relating to the Goods and the Order.
Subject to Condition 14, and notwithstanding anything contained in these Conditions (other than Condition 14) or the Order, in no circumstances shall the Seller be liable to the Buyer, in contract, tort (including negligence or breach of statutory duty) or otherwise howsoever, and whatever the cause thereof (i) for any loss of profit, business, contracts, revenues, or anticipated savings, or (ii) for any special indirect or consequential damage of any nature whatsoever.
Subject to Condition 14, and notwithstanding anything contained in these Conditions (other than Condition 14) or the Order, the Seller's liability to the Buyer in respect of the Order, in contract, tort (including negligence or breach of statutory duty) or howsoever otherwise arising, shall be limited to the price of the Goods specified in the Order.
13.1 If and to the extent that Section 6 and/or section 7(3A) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 applies to the Order, no provision of these terms and conditions shall operate or be construed to operate so as to exclude or restrict the liability of the Seller for breach of the express warranties contained in Condition 6, or for breach of the applicable warranties as to title and quiet possession implied into the terms and conditions of the Order by section 12(3) of the Sale of Goods Act 1979, or section 2(3) of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, whichever Act applies to the Order.
13.2 Where the Client is a natural person and if and to the extent that section 2(1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 applies to the Order, nothing in these terms and conditions shall operate or be construed to operate so as to exclude or restrict the liability of the Seller for death or personal injury caused to the Client by reason of the negligence of the Seller or of its servants, employees or agents.
13.3 No provision of these terms and conditions shall have effect or operate so as to exclude any liability of one of the parties in respect of fraud or a fraudulent misrepresentation made by that party to the other, or to restrict or exclude any remedy which the other party may have in respect of such fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation.
14.1 The failure of the Seller to insist on the due performance of any term of this agreement or the waiver of any breach thereof, shall not act as a waiver of any other term or condition or any subsequent breach, and shall not affect the rights of the Seller hereunder.
14.2 All goods, and documents of title to those goods in possession of the Seller shall be subject to a particular and general lien for all sums owed to the Seller in respect of such goods or other goods or services, and unless payment or security is given within ten days of notice of the exercise of the lien the Seller may sell the goods by auction or otherwise as it thinks fit in its absolute discretion in satisfaction of its lien.
The Seller operates a complaints handling procedure which we will be used to try to resolve disputes when they first arise. In the event of a complaint please contact us at the address and telephone number shown below.
Batteries contain valuable raw materials, which whilst harmful to the environment, can be recycled. Redundant batteries therefore should not be placed in household waste but must be disposed of separately. Distributors are legally required to take back used batteries; consumers are obligated to take redundant batteries to a suitable collection point.
Batteries subject to disposal are identified by the crossed out wheelie bin, which is printed on the packaging.
Call to this number are charged at the standard rate of your network provider.


Dr. Qiyong Gong is Professor of Radiology at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and Visiting Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, Yale University. He is also the Vice President of the West China Hospital and the Director of Huaxi MR Research Center of the University Hospital. He has published over 270 peer-reviewed articles relevant to his research interests. He is also serving as an Editorial Boards for a number of journals.
Dr. Qiyong Gong's research interest mainly involves the psychiatric imaging / psycho-radiology, and to be more specific, his research focuses on the translational investigation of the mental health problems using the high-field MR imaging.


text:
Glória is a high-rise residential building in Bratislava district Ružinov, located on Záhradnícka street. The construction took 2 years and the building was finished in 2006. Glória has 29 floors and is 100 m high.

References

External links

Detailed information (in Slovak)

Buildings and structures in Bratislava
Buildings and structures completed in 2006

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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