Over the past couple of years, we've seen a number of new web-based SEO crawlers (including our own Pro App here on SEOmoz). They're great tools and can provide a lot of insight, but sometimes you've just got to get down and dirty into a big site, and you need a desktop crawler application. For the past few years, that's pretty much meant Xenu's Link Sleuth. Recently, a new entrant has thrown its hat into the ring – Screaming Frog SEO Spider.
I was amazed, on social media, how many people still hadn't heard of Screaming Frog. Actually, a few people still don't know about Xenu. So, I thought it would be a good time to put both programs through their paces.
In this corner (that doesn't really work when you can't see me pointing, does it?), we have Xenu, a PC-based desktop app that bills itself as a tool for checking broken links. Over the years, enterprising SEOs have found it's capable of a lot more. For such a popular tool, it's funny how little we know about the creator, a German [engineer?] named Tilman Hausherr. All I can tell you is that he wrote Xenu because he was bored, he doesn't want your money, and he really dislikes Scientology.
Let's start with a few pros and cons. You really can't beat that Xenu is completely free. We all owe Tilman a hearty "thank you" for putting it out there over a decade ago.
While a large-scale site can take a while to fully crawl, Xenu is a machine, and it's an impressively multi-threaded app, considering when it was built. It can power through 1000s of pages pretty quickly.
Xenu really takes some getting used to, and it's clearly built by an old-school software designer. The basics are easy enough, but getting into the real SEO applications of Xenu takes a bit of a learning curve. To be fair, it wasn't built for what most of us try to do with it.
This is the biggie for many people – Xenu only runs on Windows PCs. There's no Mac or Linux version, and the author doesn't plan to release one.
Since Xenu operates like a crawler, though, it can really help test crawl paths and find holes in your internal linking. Xenu also reports useful stats, like the crawl level, outbound links from a page, and inbound links to a page. It also returns TITLEs and META descriptions, which can be handy at-a-glance.
Xenu is a work-horse, and it's still a great tool for churning through links fast. It's only real fault is that we've tried to push it beyond what it was designed for, and it wasn't really designed for SEO.
That's where Screaming Frog comes in, a desktop crawler specifically designed for SEOs by a UK search marketing firm. Because it's built specifically for SEOs, it has a lot of bells and whistles that Xenu doesn't. Let's start with the quick list of pros and cons.
We'll dive into this one below, but Screaming frog has been built by SEOs for SEOs, and that fact is obvious as soon as you launch the application.
I found Screaming Frog very easy to dive into. The advanced uses will take some time to discover, I'm sure, but any experienced SEO should be able to get up and running on it quickly.
Screaming Frog supports both PCs and Macs. If you have a Mac shop, that's a big one.
Ok, here's the down side. It's £99 per year (that's about $162, currently) to run the full version of Screaming Frog. The free version will only crawl 500 URIs. The free version is nearly fully functional, though, so you can get a good idea if it's worth the price for you.
What Can Screaming Frog Do?
The paid version includes one incredibly useful feature – the ability to custom filter and search HTML source code across a site. Digging into all of the features is beyond the scope of this post, but Branko Rihtman has a nice Screaming Frog review over at SEO Scientist. If you want to dig deeper into Xenu, Tom Critchlow had a good Xenu recap here on SEOmoz last year.
Sorry, I just can't do it. I've loved Xenu (the app, not the galactic overlord) for years, and even if it weren't free, I'd have gotten my value out of it many times over. I'm excited about Screaming Frog and what it can do, though, and I'm especially excited to see new products and innovation finally coming to desktop crawlers. This is a win-win for technical SEOs everywhere, and I'm looking forward to the evolution of both desktop and web-based crawlers.
it is somehow funny that you wrote this post about Xenu and Screaming Frog this week, as I rediscovered both this week due to audit jobs; maybe I was "incepted" by your question on Twitter.
I have to agree with you about the "not declared" winner. Even though Xenu Sleuth is surely a powerful tool, maybe the fact it was not really created for internal SEO analysis purposes makes of it a little bit harder to learn. I use it a lot, especially after the last year Tom's post about it and thanks to all the posts Distilled dedicates to it (last, but not least, this recent post by Mike Pantoliano about Site Structure Audit).
But if you need something that delivers you a very friendly and complete output, then Screaming Frog is the right choice. It has a cost (but it is a one time payment and not so high), but if you have to check up small sites (under 500 pages) you can use it for free.
Finally, I won't forget a third alternative: IIS SEO Toolkit. Powerful and multilingual, even though should have to update the suggestions it gives (still refererring to somehow dated factors' importance). Richard Baxter and Richard Butler have dedicated some interesting posts to it on SEOgadget (I suggest you to start from this one).
Trying out the IIS SEO Toolkit has been on my list forever, and I don't have any good excuses. I need to start working with that more.
The IIS SEO Toolkit is fantastic. I highly suggest you try it. It could use an update but even still it smokes the competition..oh and its free.
Never heard about the IIS toolkit, thanks for the heads up. Looks really....extensive.
IIS SEO Toolkit is awesome - and a huge mention to the data export on the pro app. Download that data by csv people! It's very handy.
We have used Xenu for a long time and love it still to this day. It just didn't quite do enough for us from an SEO perspective as time went by and hence we built the SEO spider.
Originally this was just built and used by us internally for our SEO projects, but we decided to release it and see that others thought as it saved us such a significant amount of time. It's fairly well known in the UK, but has taken a little longer to get picked up in the States.
Anyway, appreciate the post. If anyone has any feedback, love to hear it. We have a very long development list of features to add to the tool, so keep an eye out as there is much more to come.
I've fully moved over to the paid version of Screaming Frog, and the team have been great at adding little suggestions - so thats putting it ahead of Xenu.
Ironically our corporate firewall was what prevented me using Xenu to start with, as newer ones falsely claim its a virus! Hence my need to try out something new, and luckily found Screaming Frog - a great tool!
Got loads in the pipeline, just takes time to work through them!
Its happy to see the Screaming Frog Developers itself is coming back with comments.
Congrats Development Team for this pretty useful tool for Onpage SEO Audit. After analyzing screaming Frog it sounds as a really helpful and Screams aloud.
I know If a software is worthy to getting mentioned in SEOMoz blog, then in turn it will famous to the SEO Pro's around the globe. Thanks Screaming Frog for the wonderful product.
Thanks for the kind comments Jackson.
We are a small team!
Thanks for chiming in on the post - love the tool so far, and look forward to where you guys are headed with it. As entrepreneurs, it seems like the best tools are always the ones we build to solve our own problems.
It is nice to see this. Using Screaming Frog felt like someone was trying to answer the limitations of Xenu, and it is nice to read that you guys were fans too. One thing that Xenu does have and I have not been able to figure out in Screaming frog is the ability to do crawl password-protected pages. I was working on a page on a dev server, and had to revert back to Xenu.
Just downloaded the Demo-Version.Might be a paying customer soon.
Although I use Screaming Frog on a weekly basis, I feel someone should mention WinWebCrawler. They have a free 30-day trial and have been around for quite some time.
Also, I rely heavily on AnalogX now, it's a great FREE broken link scanner with many great features.
Super fast, super reliable, super accurate.
Well, i've used Integrity during the past months and it has the tendency to become unstable... but it's still free.
That's great, I didn't know about this toll and I'm testing it right now. Fortunately my main site didn't have any errors, but I did find that I should do about my internal linking strategy. Some pages that have hardly any value to the search engines get a lot of links.
Now I just have to find a way to do this better.
I can second the notion that Integrity is pretty good. The ironic thing is... It doesn't have much integrity and can sometimes become really buggy. But for a free tool, it's pretty good.
Excellent post. I switched from Zenu to Screaming Frog shortly after a reading post that I believe Rand did covering some of the Top SEO tools. I was blown away about how much easier it was to use and that it gives amazing visibility to other key SEO factors you would want to review in an audit. Definitely improves productivity when audting sites!
I am amazed there isnt more buzz about this great tool. I highly recommend it for any inhouse SEO's - both large and small - the paid version is worth every penny. I help support several large, complex ecommerce sites on SEO and when I use this tool, leveraging filters/settings properly within the tool, its amazing how well it can handle these kind of sites.
Their support has been fantastic so far as well (just like SEOMOZ's!). I did not know what to expect but was pleasantly suprised on how professional, friendly and responsive they were. My only wish is that it could save and store the report data after it is run. I have had a couple instances where my computer has installed those darn Windows updates without my knowledge and restarted after the tool has been running for hours. Once this happens, all data is lost and you have to basically start over. Also- it would be great to have the history stored so you can see if the improvements you make from using the report data in this tool are working. That's one of the things I love about SEOMoz's crawling tool. Having the history and being able to show visual charts on increases or descreases in 404 errors, missing titles, etc has been very valuable when I have to report progress to mgmt. Sometimes it takes awhile before the impact of SEO improvements show up in traffic numbers so, being able to visually show the progress of cleanup helps mgmt understand that things are happening and to hang tight for those improvements to start reflecting in traffic and sales. Without this kind of data, their perception is that nothing is being done because traffic #'s are not increasing right away as they expect.
I am a huge fan of SEOMoz and Screaming Frog Tools and so thankful that companies like yours and SF are investing in development of SEO tools that are reliable, help improve productivitiy, and are designed with usability in mind. As a corporate SEO, it makes my life easier when training others in my organization who are "non-technical" on how to leverage these tools. Now, less reporting & monitoring falls on me which allows me to focus more time on the more complex technical SEO issues on our sites and web platforms. Both of you, please keep up the great work!
I am not sure if I mentioned this when we spoke (via our support), but we are working on a save project/crawl type feature that you can re-upload back into the tool aswell as a failsafe to avoid losing data during unexpected crashes etc.
Any other suggestions, do just let me know.
I have used the full version for over a month now and found it briliant. Features that I would like to see added is a way to control a number of threads the Screaming Frog uses and the way to contro the number of reqests per second.
Both on the list. We haven't started working on speed yet really, so plenty of room there!
I second the request for a project save feature. I have the paid version and many of the sites I audit are enterprise level 20k+ in size. The tool is awesome, just want to make sure i can save and come back to the data as needed. Is there a timeline for when this feature will be released?
Good post Pete.. But Still my winner is Xenu.. I consider it be one the excellent Freeware helpful to all!
I consider Xenu as one of the best Freeware software and a must for a Online marketing professional. Have you tried Web Data Extractor, something similar, but not sure it is as good as Screaming Frog SEO Spider. But the issue was that too is paid one. Anyway will try out the Frog SEO Spider..
I feel something weird with the name 'Screaming Frog SEO Spider', but that may be the differentiating factor the company looks into for marketing it!
I love A1 Site Analyzer for this kind of stuff. It even has a little on-site PageRank flow checker to be sure your Copyright page isn't you top linked page. Very handy.
I'm an A-1 user as well. Xenu is great for a casual user, but A-1 does all that Screaming Frog does (at least as was covered here) and is cheaper. I love it!
you made my day with this post. I was very excited about this post. Dan has done a good job with the Screaming Frog tool and I am excited about the improvement opportunities that will result from more vendors producing these SEO Tools.
One of my dream tool would be the merger of SEO Browser and Xenu. Screaming Frog is heading in that direction but a couple of things need to be added to make it even sweeter. But I agree, no clear winner here. Xenu in my heart, Screaming Frog in my Head.
I love this stuff, great (x 5 ) post.
Although I love XENU... I'm going to +1 Screaming Frog. It's quick, detailed and the interface simple.
Took me about 2 days of experimenting before I bought it, if that says anything. The only CON I've seen so far: it can hang on large websites - the most I've been able to crawl is 10k pages.
Can Screaming Frog allow me to specify a directory as an include only pages in this directory? If not....note to devs...I'm buying! I need to create sitemaps for several directories as many of them are larger than 50k pages. Anyone know of a better way to do this? Currently I'm working with a complete Xenu crawl of 300k urls, exporting to csv and then segmenting out the directories there and creating several url list .txt files. Then I have to use A1 Sitemap Generator which is one of the only ones I've found to import URL's from a file and output an xml sitemap file.
Also, can Screaming Frog generate an images or video sitemap??
answered my own questions. Looks like it can't even generate an xml sitemap. Let alone images or video. Also, you can't really limit the crawler to a specific directory. It will still crawl outside that directory if it finds a link. I was hoping this would solve my sitemap creation woes...still looking for a good tool.
Sorry, was late seeing your query.
The SEO spider doesn't generate sitemaps at the moment, but it's on the list. (Not at the top though).
You can specify a directory to crawl, but it will crawl onwards if it finds a link, hence you are correct - you would need to exclude any additional directories if you didn't want them crawled.
awesome! I'll check back in periodically to purchase once it does those things. Do you announce those kinds of things on Twitter? I'll follow you there for updates. Great to have you posting here in the blog!
Yep, we announce all updates on Twitter and on the blog aswell.
GSiteCrawler is a solid, free tool as well.
I use Xenu to find check broken links and no. of pages on a website that are otherwise hidden from search engines. I like to compare no. of Xenu pages to the no. of pages indexed by Google to find any indexing issues in a website.
I don't really trust xenu when it comes to checking server response though as the no. of request time outs it gives is more than actual (may be it's coz it's running on my machine). Its reports can freak you out if you check your server performance from this tool.
Xenu generated sitemap.xml also get a little messy.
I never heard of screaming frog; would love to give it shot now. Thanks!
I am a new bee to the Link Analyzers and for a use case we have, tried running both Xenu and Screaming Frog on a public website ,both are free versions and i see a huge difference in the result set of Xenu and Screaming frog.Is it cause of licensing? Can we set how deep it can go in screaming frog?
Also I need to crawl site that needs authentication, how to achieve this with Xenu/Screaming frog?
Great Comparison Dr Pete. Indeed, Screaming frog is the winner.
I definitley prefer screaming frog. I haven't had any issues with it as of yet and I love how user friendly it is!
this article. I just fixed 3 broken links on my site, reported by xenu.
I use both and on Mac's as well. Using Crossover you can open Xenu and run it. To be fair I'm having a hard time finding what Xenu does that Screaming Frog doesn't already.
Screaming Frog is ok, it doesn't really seem to have anything new or interesting to be honest. If you didn't have screaming frog but you used SEOMoz generally you wouldn't be missing much.
an odd response - SEOmoz and SEO spider are way different - SEOmoz is not on demand, but part of a larger suite of tools. as a crawler tool seospider is way superior - and you should be using both!
I used screaming frog to analyze our site perunature.com. It says that there are no metatags or meta keyywords but when i check the source code I see that they are present. Any ideas on why this is happening?
All I need now is an affiliate deal with The Screaming Frog :o)That way I too can make money on that exceptional tool.
I am looking into the other tools mentioned on this site, and might even make a link to their reviews when they are done.
A long-time fan of Xenu, I must say though that it should upgrade if it wants to complete with tools like Screaming Frog. But just because it's good old Xenu, I wouldn't rule it out completely. I am sure there are people that are very used to it, who are comfortable with it and wouldn't give it up easily.
Xenu is very helpful. I didn't realiza that I have almost 80 tys links internal & external. Lovely tools!
Xenu "returns TITLEs and META descriptions".
Xenu will show meta title tags but not meta description tags (I wish it did).
I like Screaming Frog, because it provides you information about the canonical characteristics, Header tags, meta refreshes, and everything you need to help you in site audits.
I asked a while ago, and they state that there is an option to switch the User Agent coming in the future, because a site scan from Screaming Frog UA may be different than a site scan from Googlebot.
We've recently launched seopler.com and were selected for the Web Summit 2015 Alpga program. Our tool does everything XENU and Screaming Frog do and more. Also as our software is cloud based no local resources are consumed. Millions of pages can be crawled as an elastic server is run up for each job submitted. As one Web Summit attendee we demonstrated to quoted.
"Seopler is to SEO what Excel is to Accountants"
We offer a free account and would love feedback from the Moz community on our product.
Just tried to crawl a site with 400k pages, it crashed on 360k pages and the last save at 93% is now corrupt. Even though we increased the ram allocation to 8000mb (Xmx8000M) prior to this.
Anyone have any tips as we just lost around 12 hrs worth of info/crawling.
After using Xenu for years (and loving it), I recently started using IIS Toolkit and more recently came across Screaming Frog. From a usability perspective I don't think you can go past IIS toolkit, but I must admit I'm really impressed with Screaming Frog (even the free version). Having said that, Xenu will remain on my list of tools to use, and I've even found myself running two or more of them when conducting site audits, just as a sanity check. It's interesting that from time to time I do get different results from each tool. In particular I've seen IIS Toolkit report broken links that are actually fine.
Re 'and the winner is?'. Totally correct. Both are excellent bits of kit and I use both regularly and often.
I love the conclusion… as I never used the SEO frog and Xenu… I didn't actually dig much in to it so this post is very supportive for the insight of the software.
I will defiantly dig more in to Xenu as it is free and fast and these are the two things a successful software need.
Thank you for sharing the comparison sir!
I have a problem with both when trying to crawl really big sites, 1 million+ pages, when is not possible to do it by sections or folders. I get a memory exhaustion error or similar. Does anyone know and alternative to do it?
No luck trying to find one and I'm already thinking about programming it by myself, but I'd like not to..
I saw today a 64-bit version of Xenu which should be able to (in theory) address more memory.
9. What is the maximum number of URLs that can be checked?There is no fixed number, but it seems to be above one million. The problem is that Windows XP applications have a size of 2GB max.
A 64 bit beta version is available which may or may not allow more URLs. It is based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. (Rename the xenu.exe that you already have installed). The 64 bit EXE file is much bigger than the 32 bit version. I suspect that I am making some config mistake with Visual C++ 2010 and that it is packing a ton of library stuff into the EXE file that isn't needed.
Thank you, I'm going to try that.
Are you able to use the IIS SEO Toolkit? It scales well. Totally understand your issue though.
You can increase the memory limit in the SEO spider. It comes with a standard set 512mb allocated of memory (chip rather than disk).
I haven't included it in the FAQ yet, but will explain how to do this, which will help you crawl much, much larger sites.
That said, a million URI is a lot (for a desktop program) - We are working on a few things behind the scenes to make crawling larger sites scale better and also easier to specify the crawl where the IA or structure is not particulary intuitive.
OK thanks. Would be nice to be able to do it with Screamingfrog in a more scalable way, but thinking about how, I see the difficulty on a dektop app.. if you can solve this thing would be really great.
Great write up. Have used Xenu for some time and find myself using it more and more often with new projects -- also relying on it earlier in the process of diagnosing issues.
nice post Dr Pete. Tools like this need a little more love in blogs than they get. I picked up Screaming Frog after Dave Naylor mentioned it a few times at the recent ThinkVis conf over here in the UK. Used it on every site I've touched since.
Both of these softwares are the best in the industry..
I am in love with both of these software but I do want to add a negative point of Frog which is that if you are running a big ecommerce website it tends to take longer that my grand mother's shower! It's not easy waiting in the third World country for the bathroom especially when the bloody water runs out!
Slow down on larger crawls is often due to reaching the 512mb standard memory limit. Will include how to increase the allowance in our FAQ.
Xenu is great. The functionality is great, but interface is a little bit better than a Unix Bash Shell. Regardless, it's incredibly helpful and powerful, just not the friendliest tool to use.
I`m actually quite satisfied with running Xenu Link on my Mac via Wine / Winebottler. Runs smooth!
Good comparison. I've been using Xenu for a few years now and I still prefer it over Screaming Frog for the sites I do work on (most sites I work on have less than 50 pages on them with exception to a few 1k+ page sites). Overall, the cost of Screaming Frog is actually one of the lower ranking reasons as to why I haven't purchased it. I find that Xenu gets me enough information and a few free web-based applications fill in the rest of the features.
Dr. Pete thanks for the informative post. I started using Xenu recently but will have to check out the Screaming Frog product. It's nice to see their team engaged in the discussions here. Sounds like someone needs to do a follow up Screaming Frog "Tips + Tricks" post.
I prefer Screaming Frog, since it gives you details about the canonical attributes, Header tags, meta refreshes, and everything you need to assist you in site audits.
I asked a while ago, and they say that there is an option to switch the User Agent coming in the future, because a site scan from Screaming Frog UA may be different than a site scan from Googlebot.
Xenu is a great free Windows option but the interface is nearly unbearable. For our Macs here (The Blue Cube), we use some software called Integrity which was mentioned in another, earlier comment. Whilst it can sometimes be a little buggy, it's extremely useful and has some great options. It's at its most powerful when custom-configured to the site it's crawling.


text:
Charity sector news: A post-holidays catch-up
By Beth Wood
on 5 January 2017
Home » Blog » Charity sector news: A post-holidays catch-up
While we may have been relaxing over the holidays, the ever-scrolling news cycle doesn't rest. As we're left with mince pie crumbs and 2017 stretches out before us, we bring you the charity news you missed to prep you for the new year.
A brief look back
We don't believe in reinventing the wheel, so before we dive in, here are a selection of voluntary sector news summaries from 2016 (in case you're missing that much-loved year already): NCVO's Policy Round-up: December 2016, Third Sector's Review of the year that was 2016 [paywall] and Pioneers Post's 2016: The year in social enterprise.
Concerns over ties to terrorism
Come New Year's Day, the Sunday Telegraph's front page featured a splashy story about potential links between charities and extremism. Apparently, the number of times the Charity Commission shared concerns about such links has risen steeply from 234 to 630 in just three years. The Commission's chairman William Shawcross 'called for Muslim charities to work with the regulator to tackle the threat of extremists taking them over to further their murderous objectives.'
A charity tax to win back public trust
In an effort to repair the 'damaged image of Britain's charities', Shawcross was again quoted in a Telegraph interview regarding his plans 'for a new levy to pay for an advice line for trustees who are concerned about wrongdoing…' The cost of the whistle-blower hotline will range from £60 for the smallest charity to as much as £3,000 a year for the biggest.
Brexit looms large
A Guardian Voluntary article breaks Brexit down for charities, focusing on challenges and opportunities. Brexit is a topic among many up for discussion in another Guardian piece that interviews nine charitable organisations' leaders about where the sector may be headed in 2017.
Charity Commission announces plans for using new powers
The Charity Commission published its plans to use its new powers to issue official warnings and also to disqualify individuals from trusteeship. NCVO blogged that both the revised guidance and revised explanatory statement reveal that the Commission was receptive to issues raised by NCVO and other organisations.
Opportunities for small (and mighty) charities
On 13 December 2016, Department for Culture, Media & Sport and Rob Wilson MP launched new initiatives aimed at placing small charities at the heart of public service. They announced three measures to address the challenge of getting small charities into the public service supply chain.
From Howcharitieswork.org
ICYMI, NCVO launched new website, How Charities Work
NCVO is seeking feedback on a new beta website they launched, aimed at the public, 'to answer some of the common questions people have about how charities work.' Check it out and let them know what you think: howcharitieswork.com
…AND IN THE WIDER WORLD
Trump's inauguration marks the end of his charity
Prior to taking office on 20 January 2017, US President-elect Donald Trump plans to wrap up his charitable organisation, The Donald J. Trump Foundation to avoid 'even the appearance of any conflict' with his role as president—though the criminal investigation into its activities will likely scupper such plans. Accusations flew back and forth over both Clinton and Trump foundations during US election season, adding to negative rhetoric surrounding charities in America and around the world.
Social change leaders make the New Year's Honours List
Pioneers Post reports that three prominent UK social enterprise figures have been recognised in the New Year's Honours List. Several leaders from the voluntary sector also made the cut.
George Michael's passing reveals his anonymous philanthropy
To top off a year of high-profile celebrity deaths, singer George Michael's passing on Christmas day hit the news—as have revelations about his secret giving. This raises questions of the pros and cons of anonymous philanthropy, something NPC has talked about in the past. The Times juxtaposed Michael's generosity to the 'feeble' efforts of corporations, urging them to do more.
NewsStrategy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
NCES 2017-098
Student Access to Digital Learning Resources Outside of the Classroom
Section 1: Student Use of Digital Learning Resources Outside of the Classroom
Section 2: Barriers in Student Access to Digital Learning Resources Outside of the Classroom
Section 3: Challenges Faced by Students Who Lack Access to Digital Learning Resources Outside of the Classroom
Reading Scores by Computer Use and Internet Access at Home
Mathematics Scores by Computer Use and Internet Access at Home
Science Scores by Computer Use and Internet Access at Home
Information and Communication Technology Scores by Computer Use and Internet Access at Home
International Comparisons of Mathematics Scores by Student Computer Use and Internet Access at Home and at School
International Comparisons of Science Scores by Student Computer Use and Internet Access at Home and at School
International Comparisons of Reading Literacy Scores by Student Computer Use and Internet Access at Home
Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments Among 16- to 19-Year-Olds: National and International Comparisons
Section 4: Impact of Access to Digital Learning Resources Outside of the Classroom on Instructional Practices of Educators
Appendix A: Guide to Data Sources for Indicators
Appendix B: Definitions
Appendix C: Reference Tables
PDF & Related Info
As discussed in the previous section, some students may not have home access to digital learning resources (DLR) for various reasons, including financial constraints, a lack of internet service in the area where they live, and concerns about online privacy, cybersecurity, and personal safety. These barriers to DLR may hamper students' ability to fully participate and engage in school. In contrast to the extensive body of research literature on the use of technology in classrooms (Donovan, Green, and Hartley 2010; Mouza 2008; Kent and Moore 2014; Rosen and Beck-Hill 2012; Eseryel et al. 2014; Larkin 2011), research on the relationship between students' access to DLR at home and their participation and engagement in the classroom has been more limited. This section begins with a summary of prior research on the relationship between students' home access to DLR and homework completion. Next, eight indicators present analyses of the most recently available nationally and internationally representative survey data that explore associations between DLR access at home and academic achievement for students with different individual and family characteristics.
Homework Completion
DeBell and Chapman (2006) used data from the 2003 Current Population Survey to analyze student habits with computers and the Internet inside and outside of the classroom. The authors found that the majority of students in sixth grade and above used computers and the Internet to complete their homework, with the percentage increasing as students advanced in their educational careers. The transition from traditional, paper-based homework assignments to online homework offers both advantages and disadvantages (Dodson 2014; Katz, Lee, and Byrne 2015). Shifting to an online homework approach may enable teachers to keep curriculum and materials current and relevant to classroom discussions, increase students' efficiency in submitting assignments and teachers' efficiency in providing feedback, and reduce the cost of paper materials. On the other hand, students may lack easy access to the Internet outside of school, experience problems with the software or platforms used for online homework, and be distracted by multitasking; there may also be a greater potential for academic dishonesty.
Gui, Micheli, and Fiore (2014) used reading literacy data for Italy from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) to investigate whether students' academic performance was related to their home internet use and socioeconomic background. They found that moderate users of the Internet—those who used it at home for schoolwork once or twice a month to once or twice a week—had higher scores than those who used the Internet more than twice a week (frequently) and those who used the Internet less than once a month (infrequently). This pattern was observed for students from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Another study of 435 eighth-graders from five randomly chosen schools in Istanbul, Turkey, found that students enjoyed using computers and Internet tools for homework, and they developed a positive attitude toward doing homework on the computer and the Internet (Ongun, Altas, and Demirag 2011).
While the focus of this report is on children between the ages of 3 to 18, research on the online homework experiences of postsecondary students may nevertheless be relevant. Doorn, Janssen, and O'Brien (2010) surveyed college students in 14 sections of seven economics courses on their attitudes and practices related to online homework. Over 90 percent of the students who were surveyed reported that online homework was beneficial to understanding the material and preparing for exams. Students liked the flexibility and immediate feedback associated with online homework, and they found it at least as easy to do homework online as it was using traditional means. The study found that students' previous experience with online systems, year in school, gender, and learning style had little relationship with their attitudes toward online homework, which indicated that its perceived benefits were not limited to a particular group.
Associations Between Home Access to DLR and Academic Achievement
There is less research on relationships between students' access to DLR at home and their participation and engagement in the classroom than on other topics more narrowly focused on classroom activities. However, some studies explored relationships between student computer access at home and academic outcomes, with mixed findings. While some studies of home computer access revealed positive correlations with academic performance (Jackson et al. 2006; Beltran, Das, and Fairlie, 2010; Espinosa et al. 2006; Fish et al. 2008), others found no relationship or negative relationships between home computer access and student achievement (Fairlie and Robinson 2013; Hunley et al. 2005; Vigdor, Ladd, and Martinez 2014). In addition, research on the impact of instructional computer use in schools on academic performance, including some randomized control trials and several quasi-experimental studies, found mixed results (Campuzano et al. 2009; Dynarski et al. 2007; Goolsbee and Guryan 2006; Shannon et al. 2015; Suhr et al. 2010; Chambers et al. 2011).
The eight indicators in this section describe differences in academic achievement associated with home computer use and internet access for students with different individual and family characteristics. The results from the indicator analyses of national and international data sources consistently showed higher average achievement scores for students who used computers at home and/or had internet access at home than for those who did not. This pattern was observed for students' reading, mathematics, and science performance (Indicators 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21) and for students' knowledge of information and communication technology (Indicator 18). However, the size of the achievement gaps between those who reported using a computer at home/having access to the Internet at home and those who did not varied by student and family characteristics. For an international reference point, Indicator 22 shows that a higher percentage of U.S. 16- to 19-year-olds performed at the lowest proficiency level in problem solving in technology-rich environments than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average.
The indicators in this section present bivariate statistics from a variety of sources to compare students' computer use and internet access at home and their academic achievement. One of the limitations of bivariate statistics is that they describe subpopulation differences without taking into account the influence of other individual, family, school, and environmental factors. Many of the academic achievement variables examined in this report may be related to other factors outside of students' access to and use of computers and the Internet in their homes. For example, achievement gaps between those who reported using a computer at home/having access to the Internet at home and those who did not could be influenced by other factors, including socioeconomic background characteristics such as parents' educational attainment and family income. Associations between socioeconomic characteristics and DLR access are presented in Section 1 of this report. The design of these surveys combined with the lack of comprehensive socioeconomic metrics limits their use on this topic to primarily descriptive indicators. Future research using more complex methods, such as multivariate analyses, can further explore relationships between student home computer/internet use and academic outcomes after taking into account other characteristics of students, families, and schools that are also related to academic performance.


I designed the main site for the Intestinal Disease Education and Awareness Society; it is one of the four sites I designed for IDEAS in the spring of 2007. The IDEAS main site is a resource for people with intestinal diseases and a hub for IDEAS news and activities. I designed the site in Adobe Photoshop, coded it in HTML/CSS (using a text editor) and set the site up using WordPress as a content management system. You can view the site live at IDEAS-NA.com. I have continued to provide technical support for the main IDEAS site and all three other sites whenever IDEAS has needed my help over the past year, and will continue to do so in the future. This has included assisting them in a server move.


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Teaching children the alphabet is foundational to learning how to read. Before children can put together sounds or draw together lines that make words, they need to know what they are. If you've never taught the alphabet before, the concept may sound abstract: how do you teach something that comes so naturally to you? Teaching letters can be really fun and simple. In this article, we'll give you easy ways to teach the alphabet to preschoolers.
Obviously, we all know the English-language, "A-B-C-D, E-F-G," song. That's a great place to start. However, there are more alphabet songs, which can add variety to your tunes, and help kids learn the alphabet in different ways.
This article lists a whole bunch of alphabet songs to try. And, if you saw our article on YouTube channels for toddlers and preschoolers, you can find letter-related songs there too. The visuals in videos can show objects that start with each letter, and sometimes the songs also pronounce sounds too.
One important note brought up by this early childhood educator, is that kids should go from singing the song, to being able to say and point out the letters without a tune. So don't stop at singing!
Letter matching games are easy to set up. You can have a poster board with the alphabet printed on it in large letters. Have separate letter magnets or paper letters cut out at the same size as the print letters. Ask the preschoolers to match their cut outs to the letters on the chart. Where does "A" go? Place the letter "A" cut out on top of the printed "A" on the poster board. Get them to practice doing this with all the other letters.
As the early childhood educator mentioned above noted, you can also have an alphabet 'arc,' where one end of a half-circle shows the letter "A", and the other end the letter "Z". In between you can have other letters in the alphabet shown, but not all of them. Ask the preschoolers to put down their block letters in the right sequence, using the pre-filled in letters as clues.
You may have seen us post on Facebook that a certain week is brought to you by a letter we're covering. It may be "C," and you'll see photos of us painting the letter C at daycare, or learning about animals that start with the letter "C." Weekly letter themes are common in preschools.
You can take your weekly letter curriculum a step further by creating a box that children can open to discover objects that relate to that letter.
For example, on the week covering the letter "A," your preschoolers can open (or even unlock) a box that contains an apple, a toy airplane, a toy alligator, an acorn, an arrow (a safe one!), and so on. In fact, don't tell the children right away what letter the box of 'treasures' represents. Ask them if they can guess the letter they'll cover that week by observing the objects in the box alone. This can be a fun and whimsical way to have your children get excited about the week ahead, and work together to come up with an answer.
Since repeating a letter over and over again can get boring, you can mix it up a little by bringing in related lessons. You can start with a week's letter as your core subject. Then, throughout the day, teach interdisciplinary subjects that still relate.
For example, if you are on the letter "R," you can learn about the colour "red" too, since it starts with "R." Ask the children, 'what things are red?' If you are on the letter "A," you can learn about apples. We've done this before, where we teach children about the types of apples there are, as well as explain that seeds are inside an apple, and so on.
Flashcards are a great memorization tool, and the alphabet is all about memorizing. However, this teacher warns that sometimes, pre-made flashcards can get really confusing. If you are teaching the letter "D" and there is an image of something that simply uses the sound of "D" somewhere in the word, but doesn't start with "D"… well you can quickly see how even adults would be confused by that.
Remember, at this stage, you're not teaching phonetics or complex vocabulary and pronunciation. First, children need to recognize and know the alphabet. Use the simplest flash cards, with the simplest pictures of the objects and animals that preschoolers can recognize.
That said, sometimes you want to use lowercase and uppercase letters in your flashcards…and yes, that can be confusing for the very young learners, especially when the upper and lowercase look so different, but are called the same thing. But if you're using a set of magnets, for example, you can just use their uppercase versions, that's ok (they may only come in that form). For very early learners, you can start really basic. Just don't forget to start showing them the lowercase and uppercase letters together at some point in their alphabet learning journey.
Speaking of interdisciplinary alphabet learning, why not do a baking session with the kids at preschool? They can use letter-shaped cookie cutters to make a fun and yummy snack. Meanwhile, there is a host of lessons you can teach with the baking activity. Chemistry, cooking, nutrition…the list goes on.
If you want the easy route, try commercially-sold letter-shaped biscuits. IKEA has a version of these. Ask your toddler or preschooler to name the alphabet letter they're about to eat. Eating it can be the reward for getting it right!
And of course, there is alphabet soup, or noodles shaped like letters. You can make mealtime fun, and educational, with these edible alphabet manipulatives.
So there you have it, 5 easy ways to teach the alphabet to preschoolers. They may even be fun for you, too! It is super cute to hear little ones pronounce letters, and guess what object goes with each letter. When your preschoolers are learning the alphabet, be sure to take every teachable opportunity you can to encourage them to recognize letters in the world around them. If you're on a field trip, ask the children if they can spot their letter-of-the-week on a street or building sign. If you're reading a book, see if they can spot the letters you're reading to them. Keep pushing letter recognition throughout the day, so the lessons can really sink into their memory.


ANNE and her husband, HAROLD, have just moved into a remote ranch, believing that it offers the solace that they both crave. On their first night at the house, their friend NEIL asking them if they've heard the story of their house. Neil begins to tell them that this is a DEAD STORY, as it will get you "dead," as opposed to a ghost story, which is just meant to scare you. Neil tells the story of the first murders to take place inside the house. The group laughs about the story, with Anne and Harold going to bed. In the middle of the night, Anne has a terrible, but realistic nightmare that she's killing Harold, while he sleeps in the bed. Anne awakens and senses that someone is watching her every night. Anne also senses that something horrible has happened in a hall closet, which Anne discovers has deep scratches on the wooden floor, as though someone was clawing at the floor.


text:
Q: Unable to create a Kafka Consumer I'm using spring-kafka and I'm trying to create a Kafka Consumer. I have taken reference http://howtoprogram.xyz/2016/09/23/spring-kafka-tutorial/
 and https://www.codenotfound.com/2016/09/spring-kafka-consumer-producer-example.html. I'm currently using the exact same code from the references.
Here is the Receiver class
public class Receiver {

private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);
public final CountDownLatch countDownLatch1 = new CountDownLatch(1);

@KafkaListener(id = "foo", topics = "HelloKafkaTopic", group = "group1")
public void receive(ConsumerRecord<?, ?> record) {
    System.out.println(record);
    countDownLatch1.countDown();
 }
}

Here is the KafkaConsumerConfig
@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class KafkaConsumerConfig {
@Bean
KafkaListenerContainerFactory<ConcurrentMessageListenerContainer<String, String>> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
    ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
    factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
    factory.setConcurrency(3);
    factory.getContainerProperties().setPollTimeout(3000);
    return factory;
}

@Bean
public ConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory() {
    return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerConfigs());
}

@Bean
public Map<String, Object> consumerConfigs() {
    Map<String, Object> propsMap = new HashMap<>();
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.ENABLE_AUTO_COMMIT_CONFIG, false);
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_COMMIT_INTERVAL_MS_CONFIG, "100");
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.SESSION_TIMEOUT_MS_CONFIG, "15000");
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "group1");
    propsMap.put(ConsumerConfig.AUTO_OFFSET_RESET_CONFIG, "earliest");
    return propsMap;
}

@Bean
public Receiver listener() {
    return new Receiver();
}

As soon as I annotate my class, which has @KafkaListener method, with @EnableKafka. I get the following error.  I'm struggling to understand if I made a mistake somewhere.
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.support.MessageMethodArgumentResolver.<init>(Lorg/springframework/messaging/converter/MessageConverter;)V
at org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$KafkaHandlerMethodFactoryAdapter.createDefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory(KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:654)
at org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$KafkaHandlerMethodFactoryAdapter.getMessageHandlerMethodFactory(KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:630)
at org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$KafkaHandlerMethodFactoryAdapter.createInvocableHandlerMethod(KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:625)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint.configureListenerAdapter(MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint.java:112)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint.createMessageListener(MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint.java:101)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.AbstractKafkaListenerEndpoint.setupMessageListener(AbstractKafkaListenerEndpoint.java:297)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.AbstractKafkaListenerEndpoint.setupListenerContainer(AbstractKafkaListenerEndpoint.java:282)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.AbstractKafkaListenerContainerFactory.createListenerContainer(AbstractKafkaListenerContainerFactory.java:211)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.AbstractKafkaListenerContainerFactory.createListenerContainer(AbstractKafkaListenerContainerFactory.java:46)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.createListenerContainer(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.java:182)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.registerListenerContainer(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.java:154)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.registerListenerContainer(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry.java:128)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar.registerAllEndpoints(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar.java:138)
at org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar.afterPropertiesSet(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar.java:132)
at org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.afterSingletonsInstantiated(KafkaListenerAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:224)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:792)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:839)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:538)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:118)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:766)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.createAndRefreshContext(SpringApplication.java:361)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1191)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1180)

A: I think the issue is in your classpath you've older version of spring-messaging. Fix the latest (v4.3.x) version of spring-messaging in pom.xml using Dependency Management & try to run.
First check which version of spring-messaging you are using currently ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Gerry Kelly Addresses Drumboe Commemoration
Sinn Fein Assembly member for North Belfast Gerry Kelly today addressed the Easter Commemoration in Drumboe County Donegal. As part of a wide ranging address Mr Kelly reflected on the momentous political development of the past year and urged the Irish government to begin to play its role in bringing about Irish reunification.
"This has been an extraordinary year. Who would have taken a bet on the power sharing Assembly and the all-Ireland institutions going up and staying up. Who would have thought that we would have, not only seen Martin McGuinness and Ian Paisley leading a power sharing executive but that within that same period see Ian Paisley himself announcing the demise of his own political dynasty.
"Let that be a small indication of the Rubicon which unionism has crossed with difficulty.
"There are turning points in a nation's history that change the course of that nation's people. The 1916 rising was such an event as was the hunger strike of 1981. The IRA statement of July 28th, 2005 stating that the War is over is another such event. The IRA provided a golden opportunity to advance a new era in our long struggle. The agreement last year between Sinn Féin and DUP, leading to the setting up of the power sharing executive and the all-Ireland institutions on May 8th is the latest crucial event in driving our struggle forward.
"The historic engagement we are now involved in provides a solid basis upon which to move forward into a new future of politics on this island.
"I am privileged to have been chosen as one of the five republican ministers involved in the power-sharing executive. Republicans are exercising real political power. We are taking decisions that can change people's lives for the better. We cannot and do not want to do this on our own. Republican people on the ground must make their voices heard in the corridors of power. Together we can make a difference.
"Sinn Féin is different from other political parties and is proud of that fact and determined to remain so. Politics is not just about winning seats or achieving ministerial posts. Sinn Féin is a party born in struggle with our membership and elected representatives coming from the communities most under the strain of political and economic exclusion North and South. We must understand and reflect the needs of people struggling to survive in their daily lives. That understanding and connection with our community is the bedrock of our struggle.
"The government in Dublin cannot sit on its hands on the question of Irish unity either. Instead of handing over more and more authority to the EU under the Lisbon Treaty it should be producing a Green Paper on Irish Unity; it should be expanding the existing All-Ireland implementation bodies; it should be giving speaking rights to "Northern MP's in the Dail and voting rights to citizens in the 6 Counties, in Presidential Elections. It should be engaging Unionism to promote and seek support for the re-unification of Ireland.
"There is massive potential in the All Ireland developments under the Good Friday Agreement. Unionism no longer has a veto over Irish unity.
"The Government of Ireland Act by which Britain claimed a part of Ireland has been repealed. While orangeism may remain, the spectre of the orange state has gone never to return.
"What we are left with is a new situation. Legislatively, constitutionally and under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement the British government have agreed to legislate to end its jurisdiction over the North of Ireland if a majority of people in the North want it.
"Republicans have a responsibility to reach out to unionists and to others to engage with them about the nature and form of our future. We seek a united Ireland and we must convince unionists that we are implacably opposed to doing to them what was done to nationalists and republicans.
"We will never again accept the status of second-class citizens. Neither will we ever impose second-class citizenship upon anyone else. This is evermore important in the changing Ireland of today, we are now becoming more and more intercultural society.
"In recent weeks and months elements in the DUP have been sounding increasingly offensive and abusive, particularly on the Irish Language Act and the Transfer of Powers on Policing and Justice. Despite this we will make progress. We will not allow those opposed to change to stop the agenda of change. Unionists should be assured that Republicans are totally committed to Equality. That is Equality for everybody. Despite the objectionable behaviour of some bigots good work is being done at grass roots level by some local unionist and republican leaders in areas in the North. Sinn Féin commends this work.
"Our goal as Irish republicans is an Irish unity that is inclusive, that unionists and others will feel welcome in, that they are a part of." ENDS


It's going on 9p now and I want to head to bed. Melinda and I spent most of the day out, about, and on our feet. The day started with some quality sleeping in, until about 9a. Ready to go by 10a we just missed breakfast at the hotel restaurant. No worries - let's find a restaurant near Central where we're going today.
Our day held this: MTR to Central; shop street peddlers in Central; lunch; Victoria's Peak; MTR to Causeway Bay; visit Google; shop; dinner; light show.
Between Des Voeux and Queen's roads in Central are a dozen or so little alleys, each filled with peddlers hawking textiles, electronics, medicines, and other wares. We spent maybe 45 minutes walking up and down the streets looking at what would be good to buy.
Our plan to just drop in on the first restaurant we found sort of failed. We found restaurants but none of them were especially inviting: closed, full, not Chinese food. We settled on one place that turned out to have dim sum. The service was really slow (probably because we needed either English or Mandarin) and somewhat lacking (strangely, napkins aren't part of the table setting). But it was food and I was hungry.
On the way back down the peak I called Cody to let him know we were on our way; I intended to drop in to Google for a quick visit. We were at the office by 2:30 or so and, indeed, it's a small office. But the decor is very Googly. We take the tour in about 2 minutes then chat with Cody for another 20. He gives us some advice for shopping and dinner and we head out.
We spend some time at the Times Square shopping center and at Sogo. No really great bargains - nothing you wouldn't see in a good sale in the U.S. - but sort of neat to look anyway. Melinda buys a few articles and I find a shirt that's nice. Dinner is at the Modern Chinese restaurant at Times Square. It rates 0 points on my scale: slow, I was left hungry, I wouldn't return and I wouldn't recommend the restaurant. We order sea cucumber and a pork thing. The sea cucumber is okay, it's mostly gelatinous. The pork thing is good. I just wish we had more food.
We head back to the hotel, drop off our shopping loot, and head out one more time to see the light show on Hong Kong Harbor. Many buildings have decorative lighting at night and they animate it at 8p each evening with background of music. It's worth watching the spectacle and more than worth absorbing the scene for 15 minutes, but if you miss the show don't feel bad.
I'm pretty tired now; I can barely keep my eyes open. Tomorrow's plan is to visit Lantau island.


text:
Investment Capabilities
Insights • US Election
US 2020: The COVID Election – Part II
This is Part II of a mini-series that looks at the US Presidential Elections. Part III will consider how investors can position their equity portfolio via sector choices in light of upcoming policy shifts.
Elliot Hentov, Ph.D.
Head of Policy and Research
Simona M Mocuta
Our previous article in this mini-series noted that the greatest electoral risk to financial markets could stem from a disputed US election, which could precipitate a political crisis with severe negative spillovers for the real economy and global asset prices. Odds of a smooth election process increase when one candidate wins decisively. Given Democratic challenger Joe Biden has developed a considerable lead in the polls, the chances of a Democratic sweep (Presidency plus control of both houses in the Congress) have risen with betting markets now favoring this scenario.
Such an outcome would represent a meaningful shift in the investment environment. Conceptually, the Trump administration could be described as having pursued a policy mix that could be equated with 'broad beta' support for corporations via lower corporate taxes and regulatory relief. This approach mirrors a wealth transfer from the government balance sheet to corporate balance sheets since the tax cuts widened the budget deficit. Both levers helped expand profit margins and improve earnings. Indeed, operating earnings for S&P 500 companies hit an all time record during the third quarter of 2018. Importantly, while there was some differentiation among corporate beneficiaries, all corporations were net gainers.
Effects of a Democratic Administration
By contrast, any Democratic administration that enjoys even the slimmest Senate majority (the House being already under Democratic control) is likely to re-direct wealth from corporate balance sheets toward the household sector (via government taxation and spending). There is a growing sense of urgency within the Democratic party to improve worker welfare. Indeed, labor's share in GDP had been declining throughout the 2000s and while it has risen recently, it remains almost 5 percentage points lower than in 2001. To a large extent, this reflects many structural changes such as offshoring, lower labor force participation rate and reduced unionization rates (Figure 2). Nevertheless, to the extent that economic policies also play a role, a Democratic administration will seek to alter them.
Such Democratic efforts would entail higher taxes (on corporations, high income individuals, and non labor income), increased transfers and higher public spending. The impact on US equities is likely to be negative, especially since the pre-Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) loopholes that allowed US firms to avoid paying taxes on foreign earnings have also gone away. In fact, it is important to note that the share of US corporate profits derived from overseas has doubled since 2006. We suspect that the ability to avoid paying taxes on those earnings had much to do with the general uptrend in the share of after-tax corporate profits in GDP (the opposite of the labor share).
An increase in corporate tax rates could sap that funding source while higher capital gains and payroll taxes on high earners could drain capital out of US financial markets. Additional regulatory restrictions on buybacks could magnify the impact.
The coalition of Democratic voters would be heavily represented by constituents on the lower end of the income scale and so the distributive aspects of economic policies will take front seat. Therefore, measures to directly support labor income, such as an increase in the federal minimum wage or facilitating collective bargaining are also likely. Figure 3 illustrates the growing gap in the minimum wage among states that voted for Hillary Clinton in 2016 and the federal minimum wage. The gap is at an all-time high, and thus one could expect a federally mandated minimum wage increase as well as other income supporting policies.
There is also a likelihood of a rollback of regulatory relief from the Trump years. Above all, climate change and public health are likely to generate government intervention that could raise costs for some producers compared to today's rule book. At the same time, this regulatory pivot could encourage innovation and the faster adoption of environmentally friendly technologies, inviting increased capex in 'green' industries similar to the experience in China and Germany. The key takeaway, however, is that the incentives would vary widely across sectors with some poised to benefit far more than others.
In aggregate, a Democratic adminstration is more prone toward running fiscal deficits for the purpose of higher government spending. Depending on the choice of expenditures, such fiscal measures could have a higher fiscal multiplier than the TCJA tax cuts. Notably, the United States remains starkly underfunded in infrastructure and a Biden administration would presumably make an infrastructure bill a top priority in 2021. Front-loading of public investment would mitigate some of the effects of imposing higher taxes later on.
The Inflation Question
Any incoming Democratic administration will, however, face the economic constraint of the post COVID-19 world. Massive fiscal stimulus and transfers to households and corporations have already been handed out with more likely before the elections (Figure 4). The federal budget deficit is skyrocketing.
So far treasuries remain well bid, partly thanks to unprecedented balance sheet expansion by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) and partly thanks to safe-haven demand amid the COVID-19 crisis. So far inflation remains low and well behaved, helped by lower energy prices and an unprecedented collapse in global demand. And yet, investors are rightly wondering about the extent to which policy stimulus can be scaled up without generating undue inflation over time. Given the persistent undershooting of inflation targets over the past decade, some may view such worries about inflation as unwarranted. We agree that technology can exert an extraordinarily powerful deflationary influence. The Fed seems unconcerned and would most likely welcome even a persistent inflation overshoot in coming years to make up for past misses.
But investors seeking real returns probably cannot afford an equally unconcerned approach. Inflation could force a reassessment not only of the equities-bonds allocation, but to the extent that it manifests through and is exacerbated by a weaker dollar, it would also have implications for regional allocations. Remote as it may seem today, higher inflation seems more conceivable in a Biden presidency than during a second Trump term.
In sum, the Democratic policy mix could be construed as an 'alpha regime' as opposed to the 'beta regime' that prevailed under President Donald Trump. The market would evolve more toward producing a much more diverse set of losers and winners where stock, industry and sector selection becomes more important. Broad large-cap indices are unlikely to be as rewarding as in recent years and equity selection via sectors, industries or individual securities could be more adaptable.
Depending on the sequencing of distributional versus growth-enhancing policies, inflation concerns could arise, leading to an appeal of having an allocation to a mixed set of real assets such as commodities, Real Estate Investment Trusts and Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities.
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text:
Karl Stefanovic Says He Was Pissed At Peter After UberGate
It might be only halfway through 2018 but we've already learnt a lot of things so far this year.
For example, Jackie learnt that dogs CAN actually see their reflection in the mirror. Kyle learnt that not all girls are into getting down and dirty during their time of the month. And the whole of Australia learnt to never, under any circumstances, talk on speakerphone while in the back of an Uber.
Surely everyone will remember the scandal that erupted out of the heart of Channel 9's biggest talent a few months ago, after a money-hungry Uber driver cashed in on the fact that two of network's biggest faces in News had been gossiping, seemingly without a care in the world, in the back of his vehicle.
The two brother's at the heart of the incident were Peter Stefanovic, who you'd know as one of the weekend hosts on the Today Show, and Karl Stefanovic who co-hosts the Today Show on weekdays.
During a New Idea tell all interview with the Uber driver, he alleged that Pete had been chatting to Karl on speakerphone in while he drove him around, and that the pair had been talking about their colleagues. Various people were singled out in the rumours such as Karl's new co-host Georgie Gardner, entertainment reported Richard Wilkins and other members of Nine management.
It was a fairly embarrassing moment for the pair of TV personalities and now Karl has told Kyle and Jackie O exactly how he felt when the scandal came to light. And it turns out, he was seriously pissed off with Pete for putting the phone on speaker in the first place.
"Were you pissed off that he had you on speaker in an Uber?" asked Jackie.
"What do you think? What do you think," said Karl clearly hinting that he was mad about the incident. But at least he could joke about it now as he added sarcastically, "I haven't spoken to Pete since."
Karl also joked that he felt like sending Tongan Sam, who in case you don't know is one of Kyle Sandilands' rather scary, bodyguard friend's, over to give Peter a piece of his mind.
"I said Tongan Sam's coming round, and you will be silenced," joked Karl.
But in all seriousness, Karl said that he takes full responsibility for the matter after the scandal, that later earned the name UberGate, caused rocky waters at the Channel Nine headquarters.
"Rightly so, Channel Nine weren't happy and upstairs weren't happy and fair enough," revealed Karl. "Whatever comes out of my mouth I'm responsible for and if that brings the company in disrepute that's on me so I accept full responsibility."
It truly was a tough time for the Stefanovic brothers, but thankfully Karl had close friends to rely on to help him through it. Including his good mate Kyle!
"At times when I'm feeling really down and out I do ring Kyle," explained Karl. "And I said, 'mate, this is just, this is a bad place I'm in right now'. And there was a lot of other stuff going on, so he is my councillor. He's like my mentor. Kyle's my mentor.
"I do love him, his advice is always very sound. And he said to me 'mate, I don't think it's a big deal, you've got to say sorry, blah blah blah, but when you're losing advertisers, that's when you've got to worry."
Of course, the pair did cop the whole thing on the chin, owned up to their mistake and apologised for any pain they may have caused. And good on them for it!
These Goggles Turn The World Upside Down And It's Crazy!
Isla Fisher Hints At A Wedding Crashers Sequel
Jase Borrowed A Tesla For The Weekend
WATCH: Kyle & Jackie O's Shivering Adam Has A Banana Phobia


We had both worked full-time jobs and were raising two kids. Arrington was the passenger in a rental car driven by her fri.
Altruism and trust lie at the heart of research on human subjects. Altruistic individuals volunteer for research because they trust that their.
The following article. entire team), insurance expenses, and perhaps Workers Comp, if the back pain was due to a workplace injury. A 1999 study published in the American Journal of Public.
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John Donohue (President and CEO) Francis X. Bellotti (Vice Chairman) Services: Insurance, Car Insurance, Home Insurance, Liability Insurance, Business.


text:
Q: How to process logging event in Python only by handler? I define specific logger which I want to use only for sending messages to Graylog. How do I ban redirecting to console/file? I have other logger which writes to console/file:
import logging
import graypy

logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO)
LOGGER0 = logging.getLogger()
LOGGER1 = logging.getLogger("graylog")

handler = graypy.GELFHandler(GRAYLOG_URL, GRAYLOG_PORT, debugging_fields = False)
LOGGER1.addHandler(handler)
LOGGER1.info("some message")

How do I prevent from printing "some message"?

A: Resolved by setting:
LOGGER1.propagate = False


text:
The Duke of Cambridge joins a Heads Together Father's Day breakfast
The Duke of Cambridge talked to dads and children of all ages along with mentors and the children they support, at a Heads Together Father's Day breakfast earlier this week.
Heads Together is encouraging people who are celebrating Father's Day to take the 'Heads Together Father's Day Challenge'. The Duke compèred the light-hearted quiz challenge for some of the dads, father figures and children at the Father's Day breakfast as well as hearing their personal experiences of parenthood and mentoring.
The people that The Duke talked to at the breakfast included:
Michael Conneely from Northamptonshire and his 5 year-old triplets, Michael, Ciara and Tadgh, who were born premature.
Father and daughter from Truro, Chris and Harriet Skidmore (21). Harriet was supported by her dad when she took a year out from university due to extreme Generalised Anxiety Disorder.
Lone father Brian Matthews and his son Dante Matthews (9) from north London who have sought support to improve their communication and relationship.
Don Simpson, a father from Kent who developed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder through his experiences in the military and his adult daughter Carly.
David Wright, a dad from Acton in west London who sings in Chaps Choir, and his son Sugar-Ray Wright (11).
Paul and Norman Scates, a father and son from Bournemouth that support each other with their bipolar disorder.
Single Dad Peter Perren and 6 year-old son James, who were supported when James first moved to London to live with his Dad a year ago.
Scott Casson-Rennie, a father in a same-sex couple and their adopted son Jacob Casson-Rennie (9), who live in Cambridgeshire.
Carl Reid a mentor who has founded a community sports club from a south London, with the son of a family friend, Brendan Brown (13), who he has supported with mentoring, school work and life skills.
I really believe that a child's mental health is just as important as his or her physical health.
The Duke also wrote an article for the Heads Together website about how the campaign, which he is spearheading with the Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, wants to help dads and father figures have the confidence to talk to children and each other about their feelings:
Today I celebrate my third Father's Day as a father. For me it is a day not just to celebrate how fortunate I am for my young family, but to reflect on just how much I've learned about fatherhood and the issues facing fathers in all walks of life. In particular, it is a time to reflect on my responsibility to look after not just the physical health of my two children, but to treat their mental needs as just as important a priority.
Along with Catherine and Harry I have been spending a lot of time working on issues around mental health.
What we have seen time and time again is that so many of the issues that adolescents and adults are dealing with can be linked to unresolved childhood challenges - addicts that were not getting treatment for a serious psychological condition that started in their teens; men who committed suicide who had been depressed since they were in primary school; homeless teenagers who could not confront significant emotional challenges.
While the circumstances of any one situation are unique, it is clear that many families could have been helped if they had found it easier to talk openly about mental health challenges in the home. And I have been really disheartened to learn that even with all the progress made in recent years, many parents would still be ashamed if their children had a mental health problem.
Recent surveys have found that over half of parents have never broached the topic of mental well-being with their children, and a third would feel like failures if their child needed help. That's so sad - no parents whose child needs help is a failure. Taking the next step and actually getting help is what matters.
We know that fathers find asking for help harder than mothers. Less than a third of fathers say they believe that the emotional needs of their children is a fundamental priority. It is often said that fathers can often find it hard to talk about their own feelings so there's no wonder they struggle to speak to their son or daughter about the topic.
But we don't really have a choice. I really believe that a child's mental health is just as important as his or her physical health.
One of the great generational shifts that has taken place in society is how much attitudes to mental health have changed: we know today what was not well known or acknowledged in the past. A fifth of children will have a mental health issue by their eleventh birthday. And left unresolved, those mental health issues can alter the course of a child's life forever.
So on this Father's Day, I encourage all fathers to take a moment to ask their children how they are doing. Take the opportunity to discuss how you are coping with life and fatherhood with your wife, partner or with your friends. And know that if your son or daughter ever needs help, they need their father's guidance and support just as much as they need their mother's.
Launch of #HeadsTogether campaign
Let's get our #HeadsTogether
Find out more about the life and work of The Duke of Cambridge...
The inaugural Earthshot Prize Ceremony Awards London
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attended the first ever Earthshot Prize Awards Ceremony
Combatting the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke of Cambridge is committed to tackling the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attend the COP26 Climate Change Conference
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge took part in a number of events at the conference
The Duke of Cambridge, Heads Together & the Football Association talking Mental Health.
2019 Tusk Conservation Awards
The Duke of Cambridge marks 50 years of Centrepoint
The Duke of Cambridge, Patron since 2005, marks 50 years of Centrepoint
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and The King's Cup
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attend the naming ceremony for the RRS Sir David Attenborough
The Duke of Cambridge visits men's mental health charities in London
The Duke of Cambridge's Charities & Patronages
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit Northern Ireland
The Duchess of Cambridge visits schools in support of Children's Mental Health
Published 5 February 2019
The Duke of Cambridge becomes Royal Patron of homeless charity The Passage
The Duke of Cambridge attends the World Economic Forum in Davos
The Duke of Cambridge visits London Air Ambulance
Tusk Conservation Awards 2018
Indeed, it is no accident that you are stood here today. Each of you has demonstrated the very special values that we look for in all those who lead our brave men and women.
A speech by The Duke of Cambridge at the Sovereign's Parade, Sandhurst
The Duke of Cambridge thanks Tham Luang cave rescue divers and support staff
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's tour of Sweden and Norway
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge celebrate the Commonwealth
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attend the Children's Global Media Summit in Manchester
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit Poland and Germany
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit a Child Bereavement UK Centre
The Duke and East Anglia Air Ambulance
Find out more about The Duke's role as an air ambulance pilot
The Duchess of Cambridge visits Sunshine House to meet the Family Nurse Partnership team
The Duke of Cambridge visited Microsoft Headquarters to learn how new technology is disrupting the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke of Cambridge, visited Microsoft Headquarters to view AI scanning technology
The Duke of Cambridge attended The Royal Foundation's Emergency Services Mental Health Symposium
The Duke of Cambridge spoke to emergency services from across all four nations.
The Royal Family and COP26
Find out more about The Royal Family's involvement in COP26
Members of the Royal Family welcome G7 leaders to the UK
A speech delivered by Prince William as Lord High Commissioner during the Opening Ceremony of the CofS
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge will visit Scotland
My grandfather's century of life was defined by service – to his country and Commonwealth, to his wife and Queen, and to our family.
A message from The Duke of Cambridge following the death of The Duke of Edinburgh
Celebrating the Commonwealth in 2021
The Royal Family thank those involved in the UK vaccine rollout


If you've become a maker of wine kits in the past few years, you may have noticed something pretty significant in today's environmental climate: there are no 100% organic wine kits! That's probably a big surprise, when you think that you can get an organic version of almost everything else, from tomatoes to toothpaste to drain cleaner. So what's up with the kits?
If you promise not to roll your eyes, I'll tell you the two main reasons you don't find organic wine kits anywhere. One: paperwork. And two: fence posts. And you rolled your eyes anyway, didn't you? Well, it's good exercise, but let me explain in more detail.
3) The food handling methods must preserve the integrity of the product from field to table.
You'll be even further confused about wine kits when you realize that suppliers of grapes for the kits pretty much meet all three standards. No wine grower worth his or her salt will do anything to jeopardize the health of the soil, given that grapes take years to nurture. No short-term thinking there! And there's mostly no need for synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. The most common thing sprayed on grapes is Bordeaux mixture, which is allowed on organics, and prevents mold.
Nor will a grower let the integrity of the product be sacrificed. If grapes aren't handled properly, they burst and the juice oxidizes: not conducive at all to producing good wine. They'd be out of business very quickly if they skimped here. So what's the problem? What can there possibly be about fence posts that gets in the way of allowing grapes and the wine kits they go into to be certified as organic?
The trellis posts used to hold up the wires that train the grape vines are almost always made of lumber that's been pressure-treated with a petrochemical product. If there's any obstacle to organic certification, that's it right there. Can something else be used? Certainly – if the grower wants to spend significantly more money to use steel or concrete, and if the wine drinker is willing to pay much higher prices for a bottle or a kit. Some winemakers do this, and environmentally conscious wine drinkers accept the higher prices. But for most, this is a financial equation that simply doesn't work.
The final sticking point is simply the amounts of paperwork required to obtain organic certification. Much of this is probably needed, to guarantee that organically certified products really meet the right standards, and aren't just involved in "greenwashing." But for wine growers and producers, it usually comes down to a choice between spending their lives filling out forms, or spending them growing grapes and making wine. And for most growers, it's just not worth the bureaucracy required to get certified.
So are wine kits certified organic? No they're not. But based on the standards that must be met to produce quality wine – from growing conditions through to handling and processing – good wine kits are as close to organic as you can get without the certificate. If you can forgive the fence posts, you can make and drink kit wine with a pretty clear environmental conscience.
–Originally published by Tim Vandergrift of Winemaker Magazine. Thank you!


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have your provisional enrolment cancelled in your first semester (or teaching period) because you did not pay your fees in full.
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For more information see the Student Refund Procedures.
Both new and continuing students should use this form to apply for a refund.
If you have any questions about refunds, visit a Student Centre or submit a question to UQ Answers.


Dr. John Davey BDS is joining us as an Orthodontist. He has over 20 years experience in moving teeth for both adults and children.
He is able to offer INVISALIGN ( like Chris Evans and Tom Cruise use), Sapphire Braces, 6 Month Smiles, Inman aligner and much more.
If you have any problems with the position of your teeth Dr. John will, in the vast majority of cases, be able to help.
This is all on a private basis but with easy payment, schemes to make it affordable.
Call us on 01295 262008 to book in for a consultation in June.