text:
\section{Introduction}

    Environmental sustainability has been a crucial factor in the development of transportation systems nowadays. Transportation sources emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to climate change. As the total number of motor vehicles around the globe increases over time, transportation sector becomes one of the largest sources of GHG emissions \citep{usepa}. Specifically in the United States, transportation sector was in charge of 28.2\% of 2018 GHGs, where over 90\% of the fuel used for transportation is petroleum based, including primarily gasoline and diesel. Therefore, the research on reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of our transportation system (especially motor vehicles) becomes substantially important.

    During the past two decades, a significant amount of ``eco-driving'' studies has been proposed, focusing on the policy \citep{barkenbus2010eco, sivak2012eco}, methodology \citep{barth2009energy, barth2011dynamic, katsaros2011performance}, as well as field implementation \citep{altan2017glidepath, hao2019eco, wang2019early} of this emerging concept. By adopting advanced vehicular technologies, motor vehicles can be driven in an economic or ecologic style, so that their impacts on the environment can be reduced, making our transportation systems more sustainable.

    In order to conduct environment-oriented research for motor vehicles, a proper model is needed to calculate their fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. To this purpose, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) \citep{moves}. MOVES is a state-of-the-science emission modeling system that estimates emissions for mobile sources at the national, county, and project level for criteria air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and air toxics. In the modeling process, the user specifies vehicle types, time periods, geographical areas, pollutants, vehicle operating characteristics, and road types to be modeled. The model then performs a series of calculations, which have been carefully developed to accurately reflect vehicle operating processes, such as running, starts, or hoteling, and provide estimates of total emissions or emission rates per vehicle or unit of activity \citep{moves2014aui}.

    Although USEPA encourages using MOVES to estimate on-road GHG emissions or energy consumption regardless of the user's experience level, it is a sophisticated model that requires the user to read through extensive documentations to get familiar with its graphical user interface (GUI) and data inputs \citep{usingmoves}. MOVES is certainly a well-developed and well-maintained model for experts in the field of fuel or emissions. However, for users that are not in this field of study, who just want to get an estimate of the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of their vehicles (in simulations or field implementations), MOVES might be relatively difficult to implement.

    In this paper, we develop an open-source fuel and emission model for on-road vehicles based on MOVES, which allows users of all levels to easily satisfy their research needs. This ``MOVESTAR'' model is developed in multiple platforms and programming languages, which enables both real-time calculation and post-processing evaluation. The model is introduced in section \ref{sec:moves}, and its implementations in different platforms are introduced in section \ref{sec:implement}. Section \ref{sec:case} conducts a case study of MOVESTAR model to show how it can be utilized in the development of advanced vehicle technology, while section \ref{sec:conclusion} concludes the paper.

\section{MOVESTAR Model}
\label{sec:moves}

	\begin{figure}[ht!]
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{Flowchart.PNG}
        \caption{Flowchart of the proposed MOVESTAR model as a lite version of USEPA MOVES}
        \label{flow}
    \end{figure}

	In this section, MOVESTAR model is introduced step by step, which is summarized by the flowchart shown in Figure \ref{flow}. The very first step is to define the vehicle type of the target vehicle that needs to be considered. Originally, the user of MOVES has to select from 13 ``source use types'', which is the terminology defined by MOVES to describe vehicles. Additionally, the user also needs to select from six different fuel types, including gasoline, diesel, ethanol E-85, compressed natural gas (CNG), electricity, and liquefied petroleum gas. Both steps are supposed to be conducted in the GUI of MOVES. However, in order to simplify this first process of MOVESTAR, we only provide limited options of vehicle types, which will be discussed in the implementation details in section \ref{sec:implement}.

	Actually, before this vehicle type selection, MOVES originally has four additional steps in its GUI, including specifying ``description'', ``scale'' (including model type, analysis scale, and calculation type selections), ``time spans'' (including time aggregation level, years, months, days, and hours selections), and ``geographic bounds'' (including region, states, counties, and project selections). For the sake of simplicity, these steps are all removed in our proposed MOVESTAR model.

	Once the vehicle type is selected, the related parameters of each vehicle type can be loaded for further calculation of the vehicle specific power (VSP). The variables $A, B, C, M$ and $f$ needed in the VSP calculation are derived from the following Table \ref{table} based on different vehicle types.

    \begin{table}[ht!]
        \centering
        \caption{Coefficients for each vehicle source type}
        \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{Table.png}
        \label{table}
    \end{table}

	In order to calculate the VSP, we need to also obtain the vehicle dynamic states, such as speed, acceleration, and instantaneous road elevation. VSP is calculated by normalizing the continuous power output for each vehicle to its own weight. Vehicles are tested on full chassis dynamometers, and emission standards are in units of grams per mile \cite{exhaust2017}.

	As mentioned earlier, the proposed MOVESTAR model only requires second-by-second vehicle speed data as model input, so the user needs to pre-process the data if its frequency is not 1Hz. Additionally, MOVESTAR model has an additional function that can convert the second-by-second speed data into the second-by-second acceleration data, with the assumption that the road grade is zero.

	Then, the VSP or STP (Scaled Tractive Power) can be calculated below

    \begin{equation} \label{vsp}
    VSP = \frac {A \cdot v + B \cdot v^2 + C \cdot v^3 + M \cdot (a + g \cdot \sin{\theta}) \cdot v}{f}
    \end{equation}\\
    \noindent where $A$ is the rolling term; $B$ is the rotating term; $C$ is the drag term; $M$ is the source mass (in metric tons); $f$ is the fixed mass factor (in metric tons); $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 $m/s^2$); $v$ is the vehicle speed in $m/s$; $a$ is the vehicle acceleration in $m/s^2$; and $\theta$ is the (fractional) road grade.

	Once the VSP is calculated, MOVESTAR model will be proceeded to the operating mode (OpMode) calculation. Operating mode is directly used to estimate fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in MOVESTAR model. It is calculated on a second-by-second basis, based on the VSP class, speed class, and/or acceleration of the vehicle. The mapping relationship from VSP class, speed class, and/or acceleration to the operating mode is illustrated in Table \ref{opmode} \cite{moves2011workshop}.

    \begin{table}[ht!]
        \centering
        \caption{Operating modes for running exhaust emissions}
        \includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{OpMode.png}
        \label{opmode}
    \end{table}

    As can be seen from the table, the values in the center of the table stand for the operating modes of a vehicle, which are mapped from VSP and speed class. Specifically, 21 operating modes (all expect for ``11'' and ``21'') represent the ``cruise/acceleration'' scenario, where VSP is larger than zero. Two operating modes (``11'' and ``21'') represent the ``coasting'' scenario, where VSP is smaller than zero. Additionally, two scenarios are not shown in this table since they do not require the calculation of VSP. One is ``deceleration/braking'' scenario which has a mode of ``0''; and the other is ``idle'' scenario which has a mode of ``1''.

    Once the operating mode calculation is completed, MOVESTAR model can be proceeded to the last step. The emission rate associated with the operating modes is defined in USEPA MOVES, where we only extract the ``base rate'' values of specific vehicle types as defined earlier. Therefore, based on the second-by-second operating modes of a vehicle, second-by-second fuel and emission outputs of our MOVESTAR model can be generated. A list of all outputs are shown in Table \ref{result}.

    \begin{table}[ht!]
        \centering
        \caption{Outputs of MOVESTAR model}
        \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{Output.PNG}
        \label{result}
    \end{table}

\section{Open-Source Implementation in Various Platforms}
\label{sec:implement}
In this section, we introduce the implementation of MOVESTAR in various platforms as open-source codes. The detailed integration frameworks and guidelines are introduced with respect to Python, Mathworks MATLAB and PTV Vissim. Specifically, MOVESTAR is implemented in MATLAB as post-processing code, and in Vissim as real-time processing code.

\subsection{Python}
MOVESTAR model is implemented in Python as a standalone ``.py''
file that can process the speed data generated by vehicles in
advance\footnote{MOVESTAR for Python source code: \href{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR_Python_v1.0}{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR\_Python\_v1.0}}.

In the current Python version of MOVESTAR model, there are only two
different vehicle types that the user needs to choose from. If the user
assigns ``1'' to the variable ``veh\_type'' in the main function of ``MOVESTAR.py''
(towards the end of the script), then the tested vehicle
is assumed as a light-duty vehicle; Otherwise, if ``2'' is assigned, then
the tested vehicle is assumed as a light-duty truck.

In terms of the other input of MOVESTAR model besides the vehicle type,
the vehicle speed data needs to be processed by the user in the
second-by-second format with a unit of m/s. The Python version of MOVESTAR model provides two output formats within the script, one is the total fuel and emission results, while the other is the normalized results based on the travel distance.

\subsection{Mathworks MATLAB}
MOVESTAR model is implemented in Mathworks MATLAB \cite{MATLAB} as ``.m'' files that can process the speed data generated by vehicles in advance\footnote{MOVESTAR for MATLAB source code: \href{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR_MATLAB_v1.1}{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR\_MATLAB\_v1.1}}. There are five files in the MATLAB version of MOVESTAR model, where their features, inputs and outputs are listed in Table \ref{matlab}.

    \begin{table}[ht!]
        \centering
        \caption{MOVESTAR model implementation in Mathworks MATLAB}
        \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{Matlab.PNG}
        \label{matlab}
    \end{table}

In the current MATLAB version of MOVESTAR model, there are only two different vehicle types that the user needs to choose from. If the user specifies ``1'' in the main function ``MOVESTAR.m'', then the tested vehicle is assumed as a light-duty vehicle (e.g., sedan); Otherwise, if ``2'' is entered, then the tested vehicle is assumed as a light-duty truck (e.g., SUV).

In terms of the other input of MOVESTAR model besides the vehicle type, the vehicle speed data needs to be processed by the user in the second-by-second format. If the user generates the data by MATLAB Simulink, MOVESTAR model provides a ``sbsSpd.m'' file that can convert sub-second speed data (in ``.mat'' format) into second-by-second speed data.

The MATLAB version of MOVESTAR model provides two output files in ``.dat'' format, where the one with an ``ER'' suffix means the ``emission rate'' results, as shown in Table \ref{result}. Additionally, MOVESTAR also provides the normalized fuel and emission results based on the travel distance, which are included in the file with a ``EF'' suffix (i.e., ``emission factor'').

\subsection{Microscopic Traffic Simulator Vissim with C++ API}
As a widely used microscopic traffic simulator, PTV Vissim \cite{VISSIM} provides C++ API for users to load external emission models. MOVESTAR model also provides a C++ project that can be integrated in Vissim to calculate fuel and emissions in real simulation time\footnote{MOVESTAR for Vissim source code: \href{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR_VISSIM_v1.0}{https://github.com/ziranw/MOVESTAR-Fuel-and-Emission-Model/tree/master/MOVESTAR\_VISSIM\_v1.0}}.

This C++ project includes an ``EmissionModel.cpp'' file and an ``EmissionModel.h'' file. The ``.cpp'' file is the main script that includes the calculations of VSP, operating mode, and emission rate. The ``.h'' file is defined by Vissim to allow the user to interact with its API. This ``EmissionModel.vcxproj'' project can be compiled to a ``.dll'' file, which can be further loaded in Vissim GUI. The high-level integration framework
of MOVESTAR model in Vissim is illustrated as Figure \ref{transform}, while the detailed integration steps should be referred to the Vissim manual.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{VISSIM.png}
    \caption{Integration framework of MOVESTAR model in PTV Vissim}
    \label{transform}
\end{figure}

\section{Case Study and Results Evaluation}
\label{sec:case}
In this section, we perform a case study of MOVESTAR model based on a cooperative eco-driving (CED) system with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) \cite{wang2020cooperative}. This case study develops a system to improve the energy efficiency along a corridor with signalized intersections. To study the effect of penetration rate of CAVs, two different types of vehicles are defined in the system as conventional vehicles and CED vehicles. The high-level concept of this CED system can be illustrated in Figure \ref{CED}.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{Fig1.png}
    \caption{Illustration of the CED system in MOVESTAR case study}
    \label{CED}
\end{figure}

A microscopic traffic simulation network based on the real-world map in Riverside, CA, USA is modeled in Vissim as figure \ref{network}, with real-world signal phase and timing (SPaT) data and traffic count data. Different vehicle longitudinal control models and their relevant logic (e.g., role transition) are integrated into the simulation network to simulate vehicles' behaviors. MOVESTAR fuel and emission model is implemented to analyze the environmental impacts of the proposed CED system. This integration architecture is illustrated in Figure \ref{arc}.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{Fig5.PNG}
    \caption{Vissim simulation traffic network in MOVESTAR case study}
    \label{network}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{VISSIM2.png}
    \caption{Vissim simulation system architecture in MOVESTAR case study}
    \label{arc}
\end{figure}

The simulation is conducted under different penetration rates of CED vehicles and conventional vehicles. The simulation results are compared with two baseline scenarios, where the first scenario contains 100\% conventional vehicles, and the second scenario contains 100\% eco-approach and departure (EAD) vehicles. EAD vehicles are CAVs that conduct eco-driving maneuvers solely with the traffic signals, which do not cooperate with other CAVs \cite{altan2017glidepath}.

As can be seen from Table \ref{simresult}, the results of energy consumption, NOx emissions, HC emissions, CO emissions, and CO$_2$ emissions can all be calculated by MOVESTAR model in different scenarios, which are eventually shown as relative values with respect to two baseline scenarios. All results validate the effectiveness of the CED system, because the fuel and emission results improve as the penetration rate of CED vehicles increases. This case study gives an example on how MOVESTAR model can be applied to the development of advanced vehicle technology.

\begin{table}[ht!]
    \centering
    \caption{Simulation results in MOVESTAR case study}
    \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{Results.PNG}
    \label{simresult}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we introduced an open-source model ``MOVESTAR'' for users to easily generate the fuel and emission results in their research studies. USEPA MOVES model originally requires users to specify many parameters through its software GUI. MOVESTAR model, developed as a lite version of MOVES, only takes second-by-second vehicle speed and vehicle type as inputs of the model without the consideration of geographical location, road grade, and others. It provides a much easier access for users of all levels to roughly estimate fuel and emission results. The open-source implementations of MOVESTAR model were demonstrated in MATLAB and Vissim C++ API, and a case study with an innovative CAV technology was conducted to illustrate the utilization of the model.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


For years, Design Data has been actively and aggressively responding to industry BIM needs by working to create functional tools within the software. Enhancements include developing a 3D electronic application to enable engineers to approve the model; improved imports and exports, such as an IFC export that includes sequencing and status information; and creation of an interface for collaborative software, such as Navisworks and Solibri. Through software development, users have the ability to export models that can be imported into all the major collaborative products that create a federated model.
Design Data's BIM efforts extend beyond software development. The company has also established relationships with BIM coordinators to assist our customers in meeting BIM requirements. This outreach also extends to industry education -- making those in the BIM process aware that SDS/2 is a key part of the process and will satisfy deliverable requirements.
The result of this outreach effort is already being felt by SDS/2 customers. James Schwartz, Design Data's software advocate, recently assisted Virginia Tidewater Group International, Inc. (VTGI) in interfacing between SDS/2 and a collaborative model product. "Your help went a long way toward establishing a new business climate and relationship with some very important contracting and engineering firms in our markets," stated James P. Stever, president of VTGI.
To learn more about BIM and SDS/2's role in the process, read Building Information Modeling – Instructional Interfacing Information for SDS/2 Detailers, or call Design Data to find out how we can assist you on your next BIM project.


The townsite of Bowen's Prairie dates to the mid-nineteenth century. It was named after Hugh Bowen (see Bowen's Prairie Celebrities), reportedly the first settler in Jones County, who arrived in 1836. The village of Bowen's Prairie is shown within the area identified as Hugh Bowen's settlement on an 1839 map of the Military Road. At that time, the state that would become Iowa was part of Wisconsin Territory. The Census of the Wisconsin Territory for 1836 also records the presence of Moses Collins, whose farmstead (13JN196) has been discovered and excavated in the project area.
The village of Bowen's Prairie was first platted in 1853 by Otis and Harriet Whittemore (see Bowen's Prairie Celebrities) and eventually included 30 blocks. The townsite extended on both sides of the Old Military or National Road, today's U.S. Highway 151. At least two churches are associated with the townsite, First Congregational built in 1854 and the Methodist-Episcopal constructed in 1858. In addition to one cemetery, which still exists south of U.S Highway 151, Whittemore is said to have provided land for a parsonage and a second cemetery near the Congregational Church.
Structures in early Bowen's Prairie were typically log cabins and houses with limestone foundations, with some of brick. Documentary evidence, oral history, and plat maps suggest the existence in the townsite of a stagecoach stop, blacksmith shop, post office, and general store. By the end of the century, the town was in decline, having been bypassed by the railroad which diverted settlement and business to nearby communities such as Cascade, Monticello, and Sand Spring. The closure of the post office in 1902 saw the landscape revert to farmland.
Archaeologists have discovered evidence for the Congregational Church, parsonage, a barn or livery stable, post office and general store, rammed earth structure, and early cabin at 13JN152. The Church, which stood on Lot 1 of Block 3, was constructed in 1854 and was utilized throughout the nineteenth century. It is one of at least two churches originally associated with the townsite. The second, the Methodist-Episcopal, has not been discovered and may not have been within the townsite as originally reported (see The Palmer Church Site 13JN169). Local residents dismantled the Congregational Church after it fell into disuse, and archaeological evidence of its existence is ephemeral. Remnants of a faint limestone alignment and mortar confirm its northern and western walls, and its eastern wall appears as a slight mortar stain. Artifacts found nearby include limestone, mortar, flat glass, wire and machine-cut nails, and white earthenware (see Artifacts from Bowen's Prairie).
A 1910 Jones County history documents that Otis Whittemore donated the grounds for the church, cemetery, and parsonage. Residents today report the removal of headstones, but no additional evidence for the cemetery has been found. A structure identified as the parsonage, however, was discovered in the presence of a limestone and mortar foundation, large refuse pit, cistern, collapsed limestone well, and nearby privy. Artifacts here date from the 1860s to the 1920s. A barn foundation occurs on the same city lot.
A limestone foundation with a substantial basement, internal chimney, and load-bearing wall represents the former location of a building believed to be a post office and general store. This structure had two stories and was divided into front and back rooms. The postmaster's family probably lived on one side of the building. The quantity and type of artifacts found is too abundant to represent either a house or post office alone and includes intact glass jars and bottles, metal pans, kerosene lamp parts, porcelain doll fragments, and hardware. Six evenly-spaced, limestone pillars, the remnants of a barn or livery stable, occur just to the south. Artifacts from this feature consist mainly of metal items including barrel straps, numerous nails, and harness parts. Due east of the post office/general store, a remnant of original Church Street was uncovered in the remains of a gravel lens mixed with coal and slag.
What may be the earliest feature at the site was found during the final weeks of excavation. It appears to be a small cabin with artifacts indicative of a pre-1850s occupation. This may be the actual cabin of Barrett Whittemore. The most enigmatic feature at the site is a large, rammed earth structure, possibly a granary constructed during the 1870s (see A Mystery Structure).


Celestial silver charm necklace. Tiny pave charms dangle from a delicate silver chain. Star, moon and round disc, insterspersed with bezel set CZs. 15" in length with a 2" extender (15-17") with a lobster-claw clasp. Rhodium Plated, CZ. Hand-made in Florida by Be-Je Designs. Usually leaves our facility in 1-2 business days.


On Wednesday, February 20, 2019, the City of Nanaimo will host the annual Heritage Summit at the Nanaimo Museum from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm. The summit's purpose is to heighten heritage awareness in the community during Provincial Heritage Week (February 17-23), and to network with other local organizations interested in heritage issues. Everyone is welcome to attend.
"One of the primary purposes of the Heritage Summit is to share information, and is therefore an excellent opportunity for local heritage groups to exchange information on their various projects and initiatives", said Chris Sholberg, Culture & Heritage Planner.
* NANAIMO MYSTERIES -- Ms. Aimee Greenaway, Nanaimo Museum Curator, will join us to share some highlights from the new feature exhibit 'Nanaimo Mysteries', including historic murders, a safe cracker, a forgotten ski hill and Cadborosaurus sea monster.
* ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION -- Culture and heritage groups in attendance will share their mandate, recent accomplishments and upcoming projects.
If you wish to attend, please RSVP to cultureandheritage@nanaimo.ca or 250-755-4483 (prior to February 15, 2019).


Brian O'Sullivan may have only recently begun his foray into the realms of literature as a published author, but it certainly doesn't mean he lacks any potential, as was evident by his debut novel, The Puppeteer.
A former professional poker player and vehement Trump critic, O'Sullivan discusses with us in our interview various aspects of his writing career, which began much later in his life than for most people.
Earl Javorsky is the kind of author who, despite having nearly always been in the writing game, has only begun seeing himself published recently. So far his works include Trust Me, Down Solo and Down to No Good, each of them earning a fair share of critical acclaim in literary circles.
In this email interview we've conducted with him we discuss the various paths his career as a writer has led him on and his perspective on various topics in the realms of literature.


text:
A New Era of Lung Cancer Treatment is Here: KRAS Gene Variant Lung Cancer Drug Obtains FDA Approval
TAIPEI, TAIWAN, Jul. 30, 2021 – As of May 28th 2021, the field of Gene Medicine has had a historical breakthrough for the development of medicine that paves a brighter future for cancer treatment. Amgen's new medication, Lumakras (official drug name, Sotorasib), for lung cancer caused by KRAS mutations became FDA-approved, after evaluating the data from the second phase of the CodeBreak100 clinical trial. Moreover, the FDA also approved the CDx blood and tissue based companion diagnostic tests for the KRAS mutation identification in tumors, which were developed under the collaborative efforts of Amgen, Qiagen and Guardant. In specific, Guardant360 CDx sequencing tests detect mutations in blood plasma samples, and the Therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR tissue kit analyzes tumor tissue. These diagnostic tools are used to screen patients for the potential new drug. In accordance with FDA regulations, when mutations cannot be detected by the Guardant360 in blood samples, then Doctors must use the Therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR kit to further test for related mutations in tumor tissues. KRAS targeted therapy has been refined over the course of the last few decades. Many patients today have limited treatment options, and they are desperately in need of this targeted treatment option because KRAS mutations are often resistant to traditional drug therapy.
KRAS Variants and Why They Have Been so Challenging
Truly revolutionary, Lumakras is the first FDA approved drug which can treat various types of KRAS mutation cancers and can specifically treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is caused by the KRAS p.G12C genetic mutation. The KRAS mutation is the most common oncogene mutation, and is present in 13% of lung cancer cases. Up to 20% of all cancerous mutations are related to the KRAS variants and unfortunately, there is no known cure to this date due to the difficulty in finding the appropriate drug binding site. One of the primary reasons why the KRAS p.G12C variant is particularly difficult to treat with all prior drug treatments can be attributed to the limited number of protein surface features this variant and other KRAS variants have. Protein surface features are points of genetic contact. Drugs that have been developed to treat this variant are inhibitors.
Defying the Odds with Inhibitor Drugs
These inhibitors are designed to target the mutation and inhibit its expression. There have been several failed attempts to develop such inhibitor drugs due to these difficulties. However, Lumakras is proving to be defying those odds with its high treatment success rates. Given there are no available drugs for patients' needs, the new drug Lumakras was granted priority review and was approved as a breakthrough therapy and was designated as an orphan drug by the FDA. According to results emerging from the interim clinical trial, patients treated with Lumakras had a disease control rate of 81% with an objective remission rate of 36%. It truly can not be overstated that these results are borderline unprecedented within a field that has been trying to reach this goal for such a long time. And this goal will change so many lives if this drug proves to remain as successful as these preliminary results have been.
This legendary collaboration between Amgen, Qiagen and Guardant has brought one of the most promising precision gene therapies in the history of the field. It shows what is possible by having the field of molecular medicine establish a multi-stage gene therapy, non-invasive blood diagnosis, and invasive tumor tissue diagnosis. Therefore providing clinically effective and feasible methods for molecular diagnosis and treatment, bringing new hope to clinical genetic medicine. We here at WASAI, as a bioinformatics company, see these advancements and innovations as truly promising. Breakthroughs like this show that there is so much potential for new treatment options against some of the worst ailments to plague humanity.
[1] FDA Approves Amgen's Lumakras for NSCLC Alongside Companion Tests From Guardant Health, Qiagen
[2] KRAS Lung Cancer Drug Reaches Clinic via Accelerated FDA Approval
[3] FDA Approves First Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Mutation Previously Considered Resistant to Drug Therapy
[4] Eli Lilly crashes out of KRAS race as toxicity sees it ditch phase 1 effort
#GenomeSequencing #NextGenerationSequencing #PrecisionMedicine
About WASAI Technology Inc.
WASAI Technology's mission is to deliver acceleration technologies of High-Performance Data Analysis (HPDA) in future data centers for targeted vertical applications with massive volumes and high velocities of scientific data. To strengthen and advance scientific discovery and technological research via big data-intensive acceleration in high-performance computing, WASAI Technology aims to improve commercialization and commoditization of scientific and technological applications.
###
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wasai@wasaitech.com
WASAI Technology Inc. specializes in Big Data acceleration platforms, provides expert patented solutions to key problems for large data centers with both high quality and performance.
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text:
Prof. Bruce Lloyd
Emeritus Professor in Strategic Management
lloydba@lsbu.ac.uk
School/Division:
Business / Management, Marketing and People
Prof. Bruce Lloyd's specialist areas include:
He spent over 20 years in industry and finance before joining the academic world 20 years ago to help establish the Management Centre at what is now London South Bank University.
He has a degree in Chemical Engineering, an MSc (Economics) / MBA from the London Business School, and a PhD (by published work) for his work on 'The Futures of Offices and Office Work: Implications for Organisational Strategy'.
Since the late 1960s Bruce has written extensively (about 200 published articles) on a wide range of strategy and futures-related issues, including articles exploring the link between leadership, wisdom, knowledge management and organisational performance.
He was also the UK co-ordinator for 'The Millennium Project' 1999-2005 and has been active in the 'futures industry' since he first wrote a pamphlet on 'UK Energy Policy' in the 1960s.
View my publications at https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/


Beautiful Blue Eyes Baby Girl HD Wallpaper | Cute Little Babies was posted in September 21, 2013 at 1:33 pm. Beautiful Blue Eyes Baby Girl HD Wallpaper | Cute Little Babies has been viewed by 2650 users. If you want to use this wallpaper, please click the download link below to go to the download page. Right click the image and select "Save Image As" to download the Beautiful Blue Eyes Baby Girl HD Wallpaper | Cute Little Babies to your computer or select "Set Desktop Background As" if your browser has that capability.


Think Energy provides resources for primary and secondary schools in the UK (England, Scotland and Wales) about energy efficiency and energy-related issues.
�Spiritual Energy is NOT Steven Furtick Ok. They lost it. Gone totally wacko over poor Mr. Steven Furtick. .... Just what is the priority in America now.


Training is an essential HR activity. Use the Argosy University online library resources and your textbooks to read about employee training programs.
Discuss at least three challenges and three opportunities for the implementation and maintenance of an effective employee training program.


text:
Instagram's Favorite New Yorker Cartoons of 2020
By Colin Stokes
Cartoons by Harry Bliss; Lila Ash; Elisabeth McNair; Ellie Black; Mike Twohy
Ah, what a joy to be at the end of the year, and to reflect on 2020! It's true that it's been a pretty uneventful twelve months, but, as they say, sometimes no news is good news. I for one am very glad to be without a care, and to have exactly zero very bad things gnawing at my mind and soul. When I go to bed at night, my head is instantly filled with a calming reverie of birdsong, and my limbs are in total relaxation as I drift effortlessly off to the Land of Nod. But, alas, there is trouble in paradise.
New Yorker writers reflect on the year's highs and lows.
As I'm sure you know, this kind of bliss does get a bit tedious as time goes on—too much of a good thing makes Johnny a dull boy. So sometimes I crave something different. In these moments, I grab my cell phone and begin to look at various social-media sites. Instagram is one that I use in particular—I hear that it is quite popular. If you go to instagram dot com, you'll see what I'm talking about. Images, more than any one person could possibly imagine, flood the senses! Any sensation of bliss is replaced with a rabid urge to scroll and see every last one. If you take a look, there are even a number of cartoons there! I'm told that it is part of "my job" to be "aware of this," but in truth there's excitement in discovering life's little mysteries. I've even learned that the most popular cartoons we've posted on Instagram this year can be collected in one place, and enjoyed all at once! If this sounds like something you'd be interested in, you're in for a treat. If you, like me, need a fun-filled break from the exalted state that this year has left you in, feast your eyes on the cartoons below.
Helen Rosner on the best cookbooks.
Doreen St. Félix selects the year's best TV shows.
Richard Brody lists his top thirty-six movies.
Ian Crouch recounts the best jokes of the year.
Sheldon Pearce on the albums that helped him navigate a lost plague year.
Sarah Larson picks the best podcasts.
New Yorker writers on the best books they read this year.
Amanda Petrusich counts down the best music.
Michael Schulman on ten great performances.
Colin Stokes is a member of The New Yorker's editorial staff.
More:InstagramCartoonsThe New YorkerIllustrationHumor
What our staff is reading, watching, and listening to each week.
None of these thirty-six films has made a difference in the nation's crises this year—but inner truth of experience and authenticity of emotion are, in and of themselves, cleansing to a defiled mediasphere.
By Richard Brody
My Thirty Favorite Albums of 2020
What music will forever be "pandemic music," and what music will carry over with the best music of other years into the great historical record?
By Sheldon Pearce
A New Yorker Cartoonist on Why Weddings Make Great Jokes
Carolita Johnson demonstrates how to draw wedding dresses and explains why no one invites her to weddings anymore.


text:
//    Copyright 2016 SnapMD, Inc.
//    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//    You may obtain a copy of the License at
//        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//    limitations under the License.

using System;

namespace SnapMD.VirtualCare.ApiModels
{
    public class ScheduledConsultation
    {
        public string AssignedDoctorFirstName { get; set; }

        public string AssignedDoctorLastName { get; set; }

        public string AssignedDoctorName { get; set; }

        public int ConsultantUserId { get; set; }

        public double? ConsultationAmount { get; set; }

        public int ConsultationId { get; set; }

        public int? ConsultationStatus { get; set; }

        public double? CopayAmount { get; set; }

        public int ExpiryTime { get; set; }

        public string PatientFirstName { get; set; }

        public int PatientId { get; set; }

        public string PatientLastName { get; set; }

        public string PatientName { get; set; }

        public int? PatientUserId { get; set; }

        public int ScheduledId { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset ScheduledTime { get; set; }

        public TimeZoneInfo UserTimeZone { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to use rxjs to create an object observable from another observable? I would like to expose an observable in my service, which emits a value each time a BehaviorSubject is assigned a value (and after filtering it from a list). Example implementation:
export class MyService {

   // Given a list of all object
   private readonly allObjects$: Observable<SomeObject[]>;
   // An id of a SomeObject instance
   private readonly mySubject = new BehaviorSubject<string|undefined>(undefined);

   // Expose a single instance from the list of all objects.
   public readonly myObject$: Observable<SomeObject|undefined>;

   constructor() {

     this.myObject$ =

        // Pipe in the object id (i.e.: 123)
        this.mySubject.pipe(

        // Add the list of all objects
        withLatestFrom(this.allObjects$),

        // Filter out the object whose id is 123 from the list of objects. This filtered
        // object should be the value emitted by myObject$.
        switchMap(
            (info: [string, SomeObject[]]) =>
                info[1].filter(t => t.name === info[0])));
   }
}

Usage:
  mySubject.next('123')
  this.myObject$.subscribe(console.log)  // prints: SomeObject(with id 123)

However the above snippet produces this error (for the withLatestFrom operator):
Argument of type 'OperatorFunction<string | undefined, [string | undefined,
SomeObject[]]>' is not assignable to parameter of type 'OperatorFunction<string |
undefined, [string, SomeObject[]]>'.

What am I doing wrong? How do I fix this?

A: You have defined BehaviorSubject to hold either string or undefined value.
So the info array defined within switchMap can have the 0th element as either string or undefined, and hence the type definition needs to specified accordingly. It should be:
    info: [string | undefined, SomeObject[]]

A: You don't need a higher order observable to subscribe to another observable for this use case, instead of using switchMap(), why don't you use map() or filter() ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Reinforced plastics market responds to good demand
The European reinforced plastic composites industry almost tripled its rate of growth in 2006, according to the Federation of Reinforced Plastics (AVK). After growing by 2.3% in 2005, the market size increased by 6.2% to more than 1.1m tonnes in 2006, AVK said at its conference in Stuttgart, Germany.
Outgoing AVK managing director Uwe Bültjer said an increase in truck production contributed towards a 9% growth for sheet moulding compounds (SMC) to around 210,000 tonnes. There was a 1% revival in demand for bulk moulding compounds (BMC) to 75,000 tonnes, the same level as in 2004.
Within building construction, pultruded glass reinforced plastics (GRP) profile production did particularly well, with 12.2% growth to 45,000 tonnes, mainly based on demand in cable channel applications.
Bültjer also referred to the strong growth to almost 135,000 tonnes, up from 115,000 tonnes in 2003, in GRP pipe and container production. This area has received support from GRP re-lining of damaged pipes. He said that re-linings have grown from 650km in 2005, through 950km in 2006, with 1,300km of re-linings estimated for 2007.
Elsewhere, food contact approval has also led recently to the use of SMC for large potable water containers in arid regions. GMT/LFT continued its strong growth to well over 90,000 tonnes, compared with just under 70,000 tonnes in 2003.
Bültjer accepted that the high temperature resistance of BMC is less important today, as the automotive industry increasingly introduces cold light technology, leading to "stagnation but at a high level". But it still remains the lowest cost material for headlamp reflectors, an application accounting for 92% of the use of BMC, he said.
In 2007, the market showed high first half growth, but due to a decline in automotive production and uncertainty in the building industry in the second half, Bültjer said the full year will show weaker growth than in 2006. However, "it is unlikely that the 5% [growth rate] will be undercut", he said.
Link to this article:Reinforced plastics market responds to good demand
Reprint Statement: If there are no special instructions, all articles on this site are original. Please indicate the source for reprinting:Mold Wiki,Thanks
Inventory situation of auto parts marketing companies →
← Fight against smog !


text:
FAITH & CULTURE
Medicaid Changes Would Prevent Union Dues 'Skimming'
July 11, 2018 Joshua Paladino 0
'Medicaid providers…cannot have part of their payments diverted to third parties…'
Ron Johnson/Photo by Gage Skidmore (CC)
(Joshua Paladino, Liberty Headlines) The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposed a rule change that would prevent states from "skimming" Medicaid payments to pay unions, according to a CMS press release.
The agency described the rule change as a way "to ensure that taxpayer dollars dedicated to providing healthcare services for low-income vulnerable Americans are not siphoned away for other purposes."
The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs revealed in May that the rule allowed states skim $200 million from Medicaid beneficiaries each year, oftentimes without their knowledge.
"The law provides that Medicaid providers must be paid directly and cannot have part of their payments diverted to third parties outside of a few very specific exceptions," said Tim Hill, acting director for the Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services.
Washington skims 3.2 percent from home caregivers Medicaid assistance before they receive it.
Sen. Ron Johnson, a Republican from Wisconsin and chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, praised the changes initiated by the Trump administration.
"Union dues skimming diverts Medicaid funds from the very people that the program is supposed to help," he said. "I applaud the Trump Administration for taking the first steps to rein in this abuse. My committee will continue to conduct oversight of CMS's stewardship of Medicaid funds so that American taxpayers can have confidence the funds flow to those in need."
An Olympia-based think-tank, Freedom Foundation, sued in federal court on July 3 to prevent Washington from skimming Medicaid payments, asserting the right of non-union employees to not have to pay dues without their consent.
"Certain states have permitted unions to siphon off over $1 billion in Medicaid funds since 2000, and the practice continues to affect hundreds of thousands of home caregivers around the country," said Max Nelsen, director of labor policy at the Freedom Foundation. "Allowing unions to skim dues out of caregivers' Medicaid payments damages the integrity of this important program which should be used to benefit those in need, not well-funded political interests."
The Social Security Act outlines few circumstances in which states can divert Medicaid payments, such as for "wage garnishments, child support orders, or judgments for monies that are owed to the state," but collecting union dues is not one of them.
"This proposed rule is intended to ensure that providers receive their complete payment, and any circumstances in which a state does divert part of a provider's payment must be clearly allowed under the law," Hill said.
Tags: Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Freedom Foundation, labor unions, Medicaid, Ron Johnson, union dues
GOP Sens. Block New Witnesses as Dull Impeachment Trial Drags into Wee Hours
WH Counsel Cipollone: Dems' Ulterior Goal to Keep President off Ballot
Schiff Whines that Impeachment Must Be 'Like Every Other Trial,' Despite Lacking Crime
AOC: Democratic Party is 'Center-Conservative,' Not Liberal
Supreme Court Rejects Fast-Track Review of Dems' Obamacare Suit
Trump to Sign New Rules to Limit 'Birth Tourism,' 'Anchor Babies'
After Criticism, Romney Will 'Oppose' Efforts to Force Vote on Witnesses
Greta Warns 'House is on Fire' as Trump Waves Off Climate 'Prophets of Doom'
NY County Clerk Appeals Challenge to Illegal-Alien Driver's License Law
FLAKE: Republicans Support Trump Because 'They Want to Keep Their Jobs'
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Incorporated in June 1997, Computer Systems Consulting, Inc. is a fast growing software consulting and services organization. Located in Raleigh, North Carolina Computer Systems Consulting Inc has been an industry leader in pro-active Information Technology Consulting and related services. We're a people resource skilled in every aspect of data processing technology. We function as a team both among ourselves and with our clients.
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Self-interest is the best motivation for Pakistan, especially when it is hastened on by a sharp nudge or two from those who matter.
Islamabad escaped being blacklisted for now, but it has bought time only until May to clean up its act or risk getting downgraded further.
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), in a meeting in Paris on Friday, said that Pakistan will continue to remain on the 'grey list' even as India pushed for its neighbour to be blacklisted for alleged terror-funding after a terror attack which claimed the lives of at least 40 CRPF personnel in Jammu and Kashmir last week.


text:
Биологический паспорт спортсмена (БПС) — ()  индивидуальная электронная запись спортсмена-профессионала, содержащая профили биологических маркеров запрещенных веществ в соотнесении с результатами допинг-контроля спортсмена за определенный период времени. Позволяет выявлять нарушения по допингу путём регистрации отклонений от нормы для данного спортсмена, не прибегая к тестированию и идентификации отдельных запрещенных веществ.

Применение
Всемирное антидопинговое агентство (ВАДА) использует БПС для выявления незаконных манипуляций с физиологическими показателями спортсменов (допинг кровью). Паспорт состоит из стероидного и гематологического модулей.

В стероидном модуле собирается информация о маркерах на анаболические стероиды: тестостерон, эпитестостерон, андростерон и этиохоланолон. Для выявления употребления стероидов применяется стандартизованная процедура анализа мочи.

Гематологический модуль содержит сведения, относящиеся к механизму кислородного обмена в организме. В частности, используются тесты на гемоглобин, содержание красных кровяных телец, и другие.

ВАДА регулярно публикует списки запрещенных веществ, регистрируемых в биологическом паспорте .

Примечания
Примечания

Сноски

Внешние ссылки
 WADA: Athletes biological passport resources

Допинг-контроль

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace llvm {

/// An implementation of BinaryStream which holds its entire data set
/// in a single contiguous buffer.  BinaryByteStream guarantees that no read
/// operation will ever incur a copy.  Note that BinaryByteStream does not
/// own the underlying buffer.
class BinaryByteStream : public BinaryStream {
public:
  BinaryByteStream() = default;
  BinaryByteStream(ArrayRef<uint8_t> Data, llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : Endian(Endian), Data(Data) {}
  BinaryByteStream(StringRef Data, llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : Endian(Endian), Data(Data.bytes_begin(), Data.bytes_end()) {}

  llvm::support::endianness getEndian() const override { return Endian; }

  Error readBytes(uint32_t Offset, uint32_t Size,
                  ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    if (auto EC = checkOffsetForRead(Offset, Size))
      return EC;
    Buffer = Data.slice(Offset, Size);
    return Error::success();
  }

  Error readLongestContiguousChunk(uint32_t Offset,
                                   ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    if (auto EC = checkOffsetForRead(Offset, 1))
      return EC;
    Buffer = Data.slice(Offset);
    return Error::success();
  }

  uint32_t getLength() override { return Data.size(); }

  ArrayRef<uint8_t> data() const { return Data; }

  StringRef str() const {
    const char *CharData = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(Data.data());
    return StringRef(CharData, Data.size());
  }

protected:
  llvm::support::endianness Endian;
  ArrayRef<uint8_t> Data;
};

/// An implementation of BinaryStream whose data is backed by an llvm
/// MemoryBuffer object.  MemoryBufferByteStream owns the MemoryBuffer in
/// question.  As with BinaryByteStream, reading from a MemoryBufferByteStream
/// will never cause a copy.
class MemoryBufferByteStream : public BinaryByteStream {
public:
  MemoryBufferByteStream(std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> Buffer,
                         llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : BinaryByteStream(Buffer->getBuffer(), Endian),
        MemBuffer(std::move(Buffer)) {}

  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> MemBuffer;
};

/// An implementation of BinaryStream which holds its entire data set
/// in a single contiguous buffer.  As with BinaryByteStream, the mutable
/// version also guarantees that no read operation will ever incur a copy,
/// and similarly it does not own the underlying buffer.
class MutableBinaryByteStream : public WritableBinaryStream {
public:
  MutableBinaryByteStream() = default;
  MutableBinaryByteStream(MutableArrayRef<uint8_t> Data,
                          llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : Data(Data), ImmutableStream(Data, Endian) {}

  llvm::support::endianness getEndian() const override {
    return ImmutableStream.getEndian();
  }

  Error readBytes(uint32_t Offset, uint32_t Size,
                  ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    return ImmutableStream.readBytes(Offset, Size, Buffer);
  }

  Error readLongestContiguousChunk(uint32_t Offset,
                                   ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    return ImmutableStream.readLongestContiguousChunk(Offset, Buffer);
  }

  uint32_t getLength() override { return ImmutableStream.getLength(); }

  Error writeBytes(uint32_t Offset, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Buffer) override {
    if (Buffer.empty())
      return Error::success();

    if (auto EC = checkOffsetForWrite(Offset, Buffer.size()))
      return EC;

    uint8_t *DataPtr = const_cast<uint8_t *>(Data.data());
    ::memcpy(DataPtr + Offset, Buffer.data(), Buffer.size());
    return Error::success();
  }

  Error commit() override { return Error::success(); }

  MutableArrayRef<uint8_t> data() const { return Data; }

private:
  MutableArrayRef<uint8_t> Data;
  BinaryByteStream ImmutableStream;
};

/// An implementation of WritableBinaryStream which can write at its end
/// causing the underlying data to grow.  This class owns the underlying data.
class AppendingBinaryByteStream : public WritableBinaryStream {
  std::vector<uint8_t> Data;
  llvm::support::endianness Endian = llvm::support::little;

public:
  AppendingBinaryByteStream() = default;
  AppendingBinaryByteStream(llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : Endian(Endian) {}

  void clear() { Data.clear(); }

  llvm::support::endianness getEndian() const override { return Endian; }

  Error readBytes(uint32_t Offset, uint32_t Size,
                  ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    if (auto EC = checkOffsetForWrite(Offset, Buffer.size()))
      return EC;

    Buffer = makeArrayRef(Data).slice(Offset, Size);
    return Error::success();
  }

  void insert(uint32_t Offset, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Bytes) {
    Data.insert(Data.begin() + Offset, Bytes.begin(), Bytes.end());
  }

  Error readLongestContiguousChunk(uint32_t Offset,
                                   ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    if (auto EC = checkOffsetForWrite(Offset, 1))
      return EC;

    Buffer = makeArrayRef(Data).slice(Offset);
    return Error::success();
  }

  uint32_t getLength() override { return Data.size(); }

  Error writeBytes(uint32_t Offset, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Buffer) override {
    if (Buffer.empty())
      return Error::success();

    // This is well-defined for any case except where offset is strictly
    // greater than the current length.  If offset is equal to the current
    // length, we can still grow.  If offset is beyond the current length, we
    // would have to decide how to deal with the intermediate uninitialized
    // bytes.  So we punt on that case for simplicity and just say it's an
    // error.
    if (Offset > getLength())
      return make_error<BinaryStreamError>(stream_error_code::invalid_offset);

    uint32_t RequiredSize = Offset + Buffer.size();
    if (RequiredSize > Data.size())
      Data.resize(RequiredSize);

    ::memcpy(Data.data() + Offset, Buffer.data(), Buffer.size());
    return Error::success();
  }

  Error commit() override { return Error::success(); }

  /// Return the properties of this stream.
  virtual BinaryStreamFlags getFlags() const override {
    return BSF_Write | BSF_Append;
  }

  MutableArrayRef<uint8_t> data() { return Data; }
};

/// An implementation of WritableBinaryStream backed by an llvm
/// FileOutputBuffer.
class FileBufferByteStream : public WritableBinaryStream {
private:
  class StreamImpl : public MutableBinaryByteStream {
  public:
    StreamImpl(std::unique_ptr<FileOutputBuffer> Buffer,
               llvm::support::endianness Endian)
        : MutableBinaryByteStream(
              MutableArrayRef<uint8_t>(Buffer->getBufferStart(),
                                       Buffer->getBufferEnd()),
              Endian),
          FileBuffer(std::move(Buffer)) {}

    Error commit() override {
      if (FileBuffer->commit())
        return make_error<BinaryStreamError>(
            stream_error_code::filesystem_error);
      return Error::success();
    }

    /// Returns a pointer to the start of the buffer.
    uint8_t *getBufferStart() const { return FileBuffer->getBufferStart(); }

    /// Returns a pointer to the end of the buffer.
    uint8_t *getBufferEnd() const { return FileBuffer->getBufferEnd(); }

  private:
    std::unique_ptr<FileOutputBuffer> FileBuffer;
  };

public:
  FileBufferByteStream(std::unique_ptr<FileOutputBuffer> Buffer,
                       llvm::support::endianness Endian)
      : Impl(std::move(Buffer), Endian) {}

  llvm::support::endianness getEndian() const override {
    return Impl.getEndian();
  }

  Error readBytes(uint32_t Offset, uint32_t Size,
                  ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    return Impl.readBytes(Offset, Size, Buffer);
  }

  Error readLongestContiguousChunk(uint32_t Offset,
                                   ArrayRef<uint8_t> &Buffer) override {
    return Impl.readLongestContiguousChunk(Offset, Buffer);
  }

  uint32_t getLength() override { return Impl.getLength(); }

  Error writeBytes(uint32_t Offset, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Data) override {
    return Impl.writeBytes(Offset, Data);
  }

  Error commit() override { return Impl.commit(); }

  /// Returns a pointer to the start of the buffer.
  uint8_t *getBufferStart() const { return Impl.getBufferStart(); }

  /// Returns a pointer to the end of the buffer.
  uint8_t *getBufferEnd() const { return Impl.getBufferEnd(); }

private:
  StreamImpl Impl;
};

} // end namespace llvm

#endif // LLVM_SUPPORT_BYTESTREAM_H


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As one of our newest photographers, Chad Kirkland appeared right under SLUG's nose when he moved into his studio next door in July 2011. We gave him a friendly SLUG neighborhood welcome by soliciting his services right away and his first official assignment was done on our shared patio, awwww. Since then, Chad has photographed everything from quirky Localized bands to glamorous fashion shows and risque Princess Kennedy profiles, his photo cred gracing the pages of SLUG nearly every issue. In fact, you can take a peak at his work by turning back the page, as he's our cover photographer this month, a photoshoot he claims to be his favorite SLUG assignment so far. When he's not hanging out in our SLUG 'hood, Chad works hard as a professional photographer, involved in commercial projects for the classy Italian-tie company Sette Neckwear, and working as the Art Director and Chief Photographer for Axl's Closet, a hip children's clothing company. Of course, Chad wouldn't be SLUG's Mister Rogers if he wasn't generous. He's been part of Help-Portrait the past three years, an event he looks forward to because he doesn't "save lives on the daily with photography" too often. We disagree.


text:
Ben Wittes Relies on Obviously False Document to Claim Other Document False
April 1, 2013 /17 Comments/in Terrorism /by emptywheel
For those coming from Wittes' so-called response to my post, here's my response to that response, which shows that Wittes effectively cedes the point that Fredman's memo is dishonest.
In a post subtitled "Just Shut Up About Jonathan Fredman" (really!) Ben Wittes argues we should not hold former CIA Counterterrorism Center lawyer Jonathan Fredman responsible for paraphrases attributed to him in the Senate Armed Services Committee report on torture because Fredman wrote a memo claiming he didn't say those things and because he's a career official, not a political appointee.
Fredman is a personal friend of mine, but this is getting ridiculous. It's one thing to hold political appointees responsible for the things they did, said, and wrote. It's quite another thing to hold career officials accountable for things they didn't say, do, or write.
Now, in point of fact, Fredman's memo does not deny saying "if the detainee dies, you're doing it wrong." He says,
Those notes, which were misleadingly labeled by their author as "minutes," to the best of my knowledge were never circulated for comment and contain several serious misstatements of fact. Those misstatements were then compounded by the false allegation at the hearing that the so-called minutes contained quotations from me; the first page of those so-called minutes themselves expressly states that "all questions and comments have been paraphrased" — and, I might add, paraphrased sloppily and poorly.
I expressly warned that should a detainee die as a result of a violation, the responsible parties could be sentenced to capital punishment.
I noted that if a detainee dies in custody, there will and should be a full investigation of the facts and circumstances leading to the death.
I again emphasized that all interrogation practices and legal guidance must not be based upon anyone's subjective perception; rather, they must be based upon definitive and binding legal analysis from the Department of Justice;
And, after specifically asserting the paraphrase about the Istanbul conference is inaccurate, Fredman concludes,
I did not say the obscene things that were falsely attributed to me at the Senate hearing, nor did I make the absurd comment about Turkey that the author similarly misrepresented. The so-called minutes misstate the substance, content, and meaning of my remarks; I am pleased to address the actions that I did undertake, and the statements that I did make.
Now perhaps Fredman includes "if the detainee dies, you're doing it wrong," in his reference to "obscene things," but he doesn't specifically say so.
Funny, isn't it? That a lawyer would write a 6-page memo purportedly denying he said something really outrageous, but never get around to actually denying the statement in question, even while specifically denying another one?
Yet Wittes tells us to shut up shut up shut up about his friend, based on that non-denial denial.
Now, in a twitter exchange about Fredman, Wittes assured me he read both the SASC report and the OPR report on torture. So either he's a very poor reader, or he doesn't want to talk about how disingenuous it has since become clear Fredman's memo was.
The rest of the memo is, by itself, proof that Fredman misrepresents his own actions relating to torture.
Let's review the timing of all this. Fredman made the alleged statement in Gitmo in October 2002. Less than two months later, Gul Rahman would die in the CIA's Salt Pit prison after having been subjected to water dousing — which was not then an approved torture technique — and left to freeze to death. So you can understand why Fredman would want to claim, after the fact, he didn't have such a cavalier attitude about detainees tortured to death, and also that he warned about the consequences of killing a detainee.
When Fredman wrote his memo to SASC in 2008, the Committee and the public had not seen most of the torture memos, including the Bybee memo that approved waterboarding but not water dousing, much less the underlying backup documents.
So when Fredman asserted this in his memo …
In light of the importance of the issue, CIA sought an authoritative statement of Federal law from the Department of Justice, whose Office of Legal Counsel provides the legal advice which is binding upon all Federal departments, agencies, and employees. We did so specifically to avoid having the anti-torture statute misinterpreted as in any way subject to an individual's particular perception.
… it left the utterly misleading impression that the CIA followed the Bybee memo, contrary to what the CIA Inspector General had already shown (and may have also been intended to rebut the paraphrase of Fredman stating that "The CIA makes the call internally on most of the types of techniques found in [a DOD list of interrogation methods], and this discussion").
Since then, we've discovered several things about Fredman's role in torture approvals that prove his claims are false.
First, CIA began torturing people well before DOJ got involved. After the torturers exceeded the limits Fredman's office imposed, the office just retroactively approved the new limits. No hallucinations, no foul, was the considered legal judgment of Fredman's office, apparently.
Months later, when Fredman wrote the Abu Zubaydah torture team, translating DOJ's guidance, he did not rely on the authoritative memos approved by Jay Bybee. Instead, he relied on a fax John Yoo wrote, purportedly without the involvement or awareness of Bybee, several weeks earlier. That's important, because the earlier fax used a different standard for what constituted torture than the authoritative August 1 memo. It held that,
[T]o establish that an individual has acted with the specific intent to inflict severe mental pain or suffering, an individual must act with specific intent, i.e., with the express purpose, of causing prolonged mental harm in order for the use of any predicate acts to constitute torture
The authoritative memo — the one Fredman chose not to rely on — admitted the possibility that causing severe mental pain or suffering might amount to torture regardless of intent.
Now, we don't know what guidance Fredman's office provided to the folks at the Salt Pit who killed Gul Rahman. But we know several things about CIA's conduct after it.
First, Stephen Kappes coached the people who killed Rahman not to record many details of how Rahman died.
According to two former officials who read a CIA inspector general's report on the incident, Kappes coached the base chief—whose identity is being withheld at the request of the CIA—on how to respond to the agency's investigators. They would report it as an accident.
"The ADDO's direction to the field officer anticipated that something worse had occurred and so gave him directions on how to report the situation in his cable," one of the former officials says.
"The ADDO basically told the officer, 'Don't put something in the report that can't be proved or that you are going to have trouble explaining.' In essence, the officer was told: Be careful what you put in your cable because the investigators are coming out there and they will pick your cable apart, and any discrepancies will be difficult to explain."
As a result, the former official says, the Salt Pit officer's cable was "minimalist in its reporting" on what happened to the prisoner.
So much for CIA's commitment to a thorough investigation.
Then, after DOJ told CIA's lawyers to collect their own facts about Rahman's death and the mock execution used with Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, CIA's lawyers and John Yoo — again, operating outside official OLC channels — wrote another document, dubbed the Legal Principles or Bullet Points, which appeared to help them out of their legal problems in three ways. The document,
Claimed that techniques "comparable" to those approved by DOJ could also be used with detainees
Listed a bunch of laws that purportedly did not apply to CIA interrogations
Claimed "CIA interrogations of foreign nationals are not within the "special maritime and territorial jurisdiction" of the United States" and therefore are not subject to laws like wrongful death
When Pat Philbin took over at OLC, someone at CTC (presumably in Fredman's office) faxed the document to Philbin, claiming it was a finalized document. And when Jack Goldsmith was assessing the OLC memos underlying torture, CIA General Counsel Scott Muller tried again (and also asked Goldsmith to specifically approve water dousing). Yet in spite of those two attempts to tell OLC that this document Yoo had developed by freelancing with CIA counted as an OLC document, Goldsmith ultimately determined that "the bullet points did not and do not represent an opinion or a statement of the views of this Office."
In spite of all that, though, CTC (again, presumably Fredman's office) was the office that got to determine whether or not anyone should be charged for killing Rahman. Ultimately, they held that,
If [Matthew] Zirbel, as manager of the Saltpit site, did not intend for Rahman to suffer severe pain from low temperatures in his cell, he would lack specific intent under the anti-torture statute.
That is, Fredman's office (almost certainly he himself; update, this assumes, perhaps incorrectly, CTC wrote its declination memo before Fredman left in April 2004) ultimately determined torture depended only on intent (and wrongful death didn't apply). That's precisely the language in the fax he presented as DOJ's authoritative judgement to Zubaydah's torturers. And, ultimately, it is precisely the kind of subjective determination that Fredman's 2008 memo disavows.
When actual prosecutors finally reviewed that decision, they found that the Salt Pit was outside US jurisdiction and therefore not subject to laws like wrongful death (the Fourth Circuit ultimately disagreed with this judgement, at least with regards to the much less organized Forward Operating Bases).
So here's what the record shows the office Fredman led did. In April 2002, Fredman's office retroactively authorized extreme sleep deprivation (the same treatment and timeframe the UK has deemed cruel and inhuman), apparently without consulting DOJ. Even after DOJ issued an authoritative document, Fredman personally relied on an earlier fax issued without Bybee's involvement. When CIA did ultimately torture someone to death in November 2002, CIA and Yoo attempted to make a new authoritative document, one that would cover for their use of unauthorized techniques to kill someone. And ultimately, Fredman's office used utterly subjective determination — Zirbel's intent — to declare torturing someone to death kosher.
In other words, everything Fredman asserted in his memo about DOJ authorization is contradicted by his actions. It wouldn't be the first time that someone in Fredman's immediate vicinity altered the record on torture after the fact.
Of course, the fact that the rest of the memo presents a false account of Fredman's actions doesn't say anything, one way or another, about whether Fredman said "if the detainee dies, you're doing it wrong," just two months before a detainee died. Then again, the memo doesn't either.
Maybe instead he said "no hallucinations no foul"?
Update: Now that I've reread the "minutes" in their entirety, I note that Fredman reportedly said something even more damning, two months before Gul Rahman froze to death.
Everything on the BSCT white paper is legal from a civilian standpoint. [Any questions of severe weather or temperature conditions should be deferred to medical staff.]
Now, it's unclear whether the bracketed comment is attributed to Fredman or the notetaker. But it's clear from the context that Fredman envisioned using "severe weather" as a torture technique.
Fredman also allegedly said this:
The threat of death is also subject to scrutiny, and should be handled on a case by case basis. Mock executions don't work as well as friendly approaches, like letting someone write a letter home, or providing them with an extra book.
The "threat of death" is not "subject to scrutiny." John Yoo had told Fredman, personally, two months earlier that it was not approved. And yet Fredman was purportedly telling others that it simply needed scrutiny, as if it could be approved.
Tags: Gul Rahman, Jack Goldsmith, Jay Bybee, John Yoo, Jonathan Fredman, Pat Philbin, Stephen Kappes
https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png 0 0 emptywheel https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Logo-Web.png emptywheel2013-04-01 13:39:122013-04-02 13:50:00Ben Wittes Relies on Obviously False Document to Claim Other Document False
Bustednuckles says:
If I am following this correctly then John Yoo is basically guilty of conspiracy.
Probably not worded correctly but accurate never the less.
I would dearly love to see that little weasel get nailed to the barn door for something, anything at this point.
P J Evans says:
Fredman apparently believes that intent is magic: not intending to harm someone somehow makes everything good when they are harmed.
thatvisionthing says:
My favorite quote about the three Guantanamo "suicides" in one night, by Scott Horton at Antiwar Radio:
I still can't figure out how you murder three people in a row, accidentally even, with rags down the throat. I mean, after you just killed two, you're doing it wrong, that's right in the memo.
http://antiwar.com/radio/2010/06/09/scott-horton-30/ @30:35
You mean he was serious?
But I see Fredman wasn't serious:
Because someone has to look for responsible parties first, and in this whatever you call it, there are none. (Because of that other secret memo with the secret title, "the president made me do it" one?)
@thatvisionthing: Hey, this is interesting. Speaking of Guantanamo suicides, when I was looking for the Horton quote, which I'd used before on firedoglake, one of the search results was this 2011 post by Jeff Kaye, "Benjamin Wittes Responds: 'Happy to be a government proxy,'" which ends with:
http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2011/07/24/benjamin-wittes-responds-happy-to-be-a-government-proxy/
One last thing: Mr. Wittes, you cited favorably at your original post on Horton a May 17 blog post by Cully Stimson, former deputy assistant secretary of defense for detainee affairs at the time of the prisoners' deaths. In Stimson's post, which you extensively quoted, Stimson claimed, "According to published reports, previously classified documents released by Wikileaks show that the suicides were indeed suicides, and were deliberate acts by the detainees." Could you or Mr. Stimson refer us to these "published reports" or "previously classified documents"? In the name of publishing the truth, and furthering your critique of the Horton article, I can't see why you'd ever refuse.
Did Wittes or Stimson ever supply the reports Jeff was asking them to ante up?
harpie says:
In the Lawfare comment section, 4:35pmEDT
Daniel Wright · Top Commenter · Writer at Firedoglake
Hmmm http://www.emptywheel.net/2013/04/01/ben-wittes-relies-on-obviously-false-document-to-claim-other-documents-false/ 2 hours ago
Benjamin Wittes · Works at The Brookings Institution
I will respond to Marcy's comments in a separate post. 37 minutes ago
One other curiosity. The place I did find my previous quote on firedoglake was here, "CCR Condemns Ninth Shameful and Tragic Death at Guantánamo": http://my.firedoglake.com/centerforconstitutionalrights/2012/09/10/ccr-condemns-ninth-shameful-and-tragic-death-at-guantanamo/
Or actually, here, at the wayback machine: http://web.archive.org/web/20130220225350/http://my.firedoglake.com/centerforconstitutionalrights/2012/09/10/ccr-condemns-ninth-shameful-and-tragic-death-at-guantanamo/ – because that specific firedoglake page kept hanging and not loading. I tried several times and ways, gave up, and was able to get it faster on the wayback machine, though the fdl page did finally load. What's up with that? Just thought I'd share.
Jeff Kaye says:
@thatvisionthing: I can assure you I never heard anything more on this from Wittes, not to mention Cully Stimson. Frankly, I believe he made it up, or was confused.
— Great write-up, Marcy. I'd say friendship has clouded Mr. Wittes's judgment. But I wonder why he got so Verklempt over it. Did his good friend Fredman call him up and complain? "Gee, Ben, you've got a bully pulpit with your whole blog thing… couldn't you tell these haters to just shut the F up?"
Yes, the timing does interest me, as after all, the whole story about what Fredman said is getting kind of old. I'm wondering if it has anything to do with the controversy over the new proposed head of CTC. I'd guess Fredman knows her fairly well.
But if… if the controversy over the anonymous appointee heats up, someone just might start looking into her career more deeply. And if so, what will they find there? Something that could reflect poorly on Mr. Fredman? I mean, beyond the superb job Marcy has done here in outing his pretensions to being merely a professional attorney, and shown him to be an enabler for torture.
Btw, Marcy, those brackets you refer to in the update were in the original SASC release. If you look at how the brackets are used throughout that document, i.e., as containing material of further explication, then you can see they were added later by someone going over the original minutes (which may have been handwritten, Idk).
For instance, earlier in the minutes, we find this statement attributed to LTC Beaver (brackets in SASC original):
"We may need to curb the harsher operations while ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross — added by transcriber] is around."
Hence, I think we can assume the transcriber added the material, possibly from memory, to further explain an item.
For my part, I believe Fredman, trying to be funny, no doubt, did say the words attributed to him. I don't think the transcriber made them up. And as you astutely point out, he never denies actually saying those words.
And Benjamin, if you happen to be reading this, I am still waiting for those "previously classified documents released by Wikileaks [that] show that the suicides were indeed suicides, and were deliberate acts by the detainees." Just a link would be fine.
@Jeff Kaye: Hi Jeff! So glad to hear your reply and am looking forward to Wittes addressing those documents in his reply.
I have a reaction to this part:
I'm thinking a transcriber who is so detail oriented that he or she puts in brackets to helpfully spell out abbreviation like ICRC is not likely going to be a flippant paraphraser. Also, "transcriber" – transcribing from what? Common is from recorded audio, a tape or digital sound file – "possibly from memory" isn't transcribing, it's something else. If they're writing out minutes from handwritten notes, I'd think title in that case would be more like secretary. So that's a fair question, can we go to audio and check?
@Jeff Kaye: Jeff, do you have a link to the "original SASC release" where "ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross — added by transcriber]" is? I don't see it in the big SASC PDF report. Could be I'm missing it though. Thanks.
I've Got My Eyes On You says:
The Dangers of Surveillance
Neil M. Richards
Washington University in Saint Louis – School of Law
Harvard Law Review, 2013
From the Fourth Amendment to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, our law and literature are full of warnings about state scrutiny of our lives. These warnings are commonplace, but they are rarely very specific. Other than the vague threat of an Orwellian dystopia, as a society we don't really know why surveillance is bad, and why we should be wary of it. To the extent the answer has something to do with "privacy," we lack an understanding of what "privacy" means in this context, and why it matters. Developments in government and corporate practices, however, have made this problem more urgent. Although we have laws that protect us against government surveillance, secret government programs cannot be challenged until they are discovered. And even when they are, courts frequently dismiss challenges to such programs for lack of standing, under the theory that mere surveillance creates no tangible harms, as the Supreme Court did recently in the case of Clapper v. Amnesty International. We need a better account of the dangers of surveillance.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2239412
(via http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/03/the_dangers_of.html )
OT: SCOTUS has turned down the challenge to counting everyone, not just US citizens, when redistricting.
emptywheel says:
Know what else is funny about this?
Diane Beaver is not, 11 years after the fact, questioning the accuracy of the notes. Yet they implicated her just as badly as Fredman, with her assertion (which turned out to be true) that DOD was hiding those detainees who were abused from ICRC.
@thatvisionthing I am embarrassed to say that the transceiver in question is… me.
While the brackets that Marcy pointed out in her update are indeed in the original document (see link below), the other explanatory brackets in question were inserted by myself when I posted it on my blog years ago. The minutes were not released in cut and paste format.
If any questions, please refer to the original: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/OathBetrayed/SASC-08.pdf
Sorry for any confusion, but also thanks for questioning and leading me to clarification of an error.
@emptywheel: It could be that Diane Beaver was the one who wrote the minutes, and she described herself as detached, so she'd be a good person to ask. I remembered an article about those early meetings and the oddity of her name. Found it: The Green Light, by Philippe Sands, in the May 2008 Vanity Fair:
http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/05/guantanamo200805?printable=true&currentPage=all
It was clear to me that Beaver believed Washington was directly involved in the interrogations. Her account confirmed what Dunlavey had intimated, and what others have told me—that Washington's views were being fed into the process by people physically present at Guantánamo. D.I.A. personnel were among them. Later allegations would suggest a role for three C.I.A. psychologists.
During September a series of brainstorming meetings were held at Guantánamo to discuss new techniques. Some of the meetings were led by Beaver. "I kept minutes. I got everyone together. I invited. I facilitated," she told me. The sessions included representatives of the D.I.A. and the C.I.A. Ideas came from all over. Some derived from personal training experiences, including a military program known as sere (Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape), designed to help soldiers persevere in the event of capture. Had sere been, in effect, reverse-engineered to provide some of the 18 techniques? Both Dunlavey and Beaver told me that sere provided inspiration, contradicting the administration's denials that it had. Indeed, several Guantánamo personnel, including a psychologist and a psychiatrist, traveled to Fort Bragg, sere's home, for a briefing.
Ideas arose from other sources. The first year of Fox TV's dramatic series 24 came to a conclusion in spring 2002, and the second year of the series began that fall. An inescapable message of the program is that torture works. "We saw it on cable," Beaver recalled. "People had already seen the first series. It was hugely popular." Jack Bauer had many friends at Guantánamo, Beaver added. "He gave people lots of ideas."
The brainstorming meetings inspired animated discussion. "Who has the glassy eyes?," Beaver asked herself as she surveyed the men around the room, 30 or more of them. She was invariably the only woman present—as she saw it, keeping control of the boys. The younger men would get particularly agitated, excited even. "You could almost see their dicks getting hard as they got new ideas," Beaver recalled, a wan smile flickering on her face. "And I said to myself, You know what? I don't have a dick to get hard—I can stay detached.
Were these meetings videoconferences linked to Washington?
@Jeff Kaye: That makes sense, thanks. btw, I've read Wittes' reply to Marcy now, and there's not a word mentioned there about you or the missing Guantanamo suicide documents he/Stimson have failed to produce.
The end of Wittes' rebuttal says there's another account of the meeting, written by Fredman at the time, and that Wittes and Marcy should file a FOIA for it and that'll settle it. But I'm thinking that would only be more he says she says. There were other witnesses. According to the minutes, 10 people were present at that meeting. What do the other eight say? And was it videoconferenced and is there a recording? TV like that, I can't believe there wouldn't be.
Snoopdido says:
Wittes states:
"But Marcy does identify several reasons she believes Fredman's account in his memo to be false—and thus, presumably, the infamous quotation to be valid. Responding to her in detail is difficult, because her account is so weedy; she accuses me of being a bad reader for not picking up the gems she has mined from the record. The trouble is that they are not gems. Rather, she has gotten mired down in arcana in the way conspiracy theorists often do. And she has built an elaborate structure out of these arcana. Don't breathe too hard around it, though. It might fall over."
1. Wittes disparagingly implies that Emptywheel is a "conspiracy theorist". He uses the term as a perjorative to attempt to belittle and dismiss Emptywheel's fact reporting and analysis.
Wittes, as a law professor, shows an astonishing lack of legal comprehension and intellectual self-awareness in his dismissive reply.
Wittes apparently is unable to cognitively recognize that the Bush administration torture program fits the definition of a conspiracy exactly to a T:
"An agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action."
2. As for his "built an elaborate structure out of these arcana" charge against Emptywheel, Wittes condemns precisely the very same behavior to which he and his legal colleagues aspire.
Hair-splitting on an infintesimal scale, obscure arcana, and complex written structures composed of almost impenetrable logic are the very hallmarks of the legal profession.
Afghan Supply Route Problem Becomes Exit Route Problem Prosecuting Our Own Conspiracies


text:
977 (CMLXXVII) var ett normalår som började en måndag i den Julianska kalendern.

Händelser
 När Amlaib dör tar de skotska tronstrider, som har pågått sedan 973, slut och den sittande kungen Kenneth II blir åter obestridd kung av Skottland till sin död 995.

Födda
Adelheid I av Quedlinburg, regerande furstlig abbedissa av Quedlinburg och Gandersheim.
 Fujiwara no Teishi, japansk kejsarinna

Avlidna
 Amlaib, oppositionskung av Skottland sedan 973
 Sideman, biskop av Devonshire
 Dubrawka av Böhmen

Externa länkar


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text:
Kickers City Stadium plan is a go; Grace St. tower vote deferred to Jan.
Michael Schwartz December 13, 2016 1
The City Stadium deal outlines $20 million in upgrades to the stadium, in three phases, running through 2050. (Kieran McQuilkin)
With members of the Red Army in attendance, the Richmond Kickers were victorious Monday night in their bid for an ambitious plan for a long-term lease and $20 million in upgrades to the soccer team's home field.
The Richmond City Council unanimously approved an agreement for the team to lease the city-owned City Stadium for 40 years.
The Kickers would lease the stadium, which sits on 22 acres at 3301 Maplewood Ave. just south of Carytown, for a nominal fee, while paying for all upkeep, utilities and taxes.
The agreement then calls for the team to make $20 million in upgrades in three phases running through 2050. Details and exact specs of the upgrades, as well as exactly how the team will fund the project, are still in the works.
The Kickers have said the plan is to keep and build onto the bones of the existing structure to create a modern facility and build on the team's recent momentum.
Playing in the United Soccer League – which acts as a minor league to Major League Soccer – the Kickers have experienced a bump in attendance in recent years, including a new high in average attendance of 4,000 fans at home games in the 2016 season.
The team, owned by the nonprofit Richmond Kickers youth soccer club, sees the upgraded facility as a vehicle for increased revenue in the form of sponsorships, such as on-field signage and naming rights to the stadium, as well as increased ticket revenue by offering fans a better experience.
The Kickers have played their home games at the nearly century-old, 22,000-seat stadium since 1995. It currently has a permit from the city to play there. The city has said the property is in need of major improvements, but no such funding is currently planned or budgeted.
The lease agreement's first phase of upgrades includes around $385,000 of improvements to landscaping, fencing, the parking lot, seating, the field and irrigation, to be completed by 2020.
The next two phases would improve everything from the concourse, signage, stadium lighting and restrooms by 2030, and larger changes to parking, a press box, additional seating, mini-fields and Futsal courts and other measures by 2050.
Also initially on the evening's agenda was a planned vote to sell for $3.95 million a city-owned parcel between East Grace and Franklin streets and North Sixth and Seventh streets to a development group that's eyeing an $86 million mixed-use tower on the site.
But the vote was continued until Jan. 9 at the request of Councilman Charles Samuels, who asked to have it put off until new the new class of council members, including incoming Mayor Levar Stoney, take their seats next month.
That deferral will give mayor-elect Stoney a high-profile decision to reside over in his first city council meeting.
As initially conceived, the tower could rise as high as 18 stories and would include at least 372,000 square feet of commercial and residential space above an 800-space parking deck and 28,000 square feet of retail space.
A request from the city's planning and economic development departments to declare the city-owned properties surplus and sell them to an entity led by local developer Robert Englander already received an endorsement from the planning commission.
POSTED IN Commercial Real Estate, Featured, News, Sports & Recreation
About the Author: Michael Schwartz
Michael Schwartz is the editor of Richmond BizSense, and covers banking, lawsuits, finance, M&A and golf. He can be reached at [email protected] or 804-855-1037.
Brian Glass
Another City of Richmond mistake. They simply don't know how to leverage their assets.
The City Council should have held off until the new Mayor is in office.


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text: Q: Работа с файлами пакета, с помощью команд dpkq, apt astra linux Необходимо получить следующие сведения о пакете: сколько конфигурационных файлов,  утилит пользовательских, утилит для суперпользователя, файлов-библиотек, сколько и какой документации (man, info, doc), какие еще важные файлы есть в пакете. С помощью команды dpkg -L login, вывелись все файлы пакете, дальше с помощью grep получилось отфильтровать, но только по пути например файлы у которых в пути встречается man, doc и это предположительно файлы документации, но вот как точно вывести именно нужные файлы найти не получается.


text:
Adult Language Adult Situations Questionable for Children
BBC Films, HBO Films, Scott Free Productions
The Gathering Storm (2002)
Directed by Richard Loncraine
Genres - Drama | Sub-Genres - Political Drama, Biopic [feature], Marriage Drama, Period Film | Release Date - Apr 27, 2002 (USA - Unknown) | Run Time - 96 min. | Countries - United Kingdom , United States | MPAA Rating - G
Awards ↓
Showtimes ↓
Today, Winston Churchill is regarded as one of the great leaders of his time, and a hero for helping to guide Great Britain through the crises of World War II. But in the 1930s, Churchill's place in history hardly seemed assured; his early warnings against the growing threat of the Third Reich were taken seriously by few of his contemporaries, and he suffered through a variety of personal, professional, and economic setbacks before German attacks on England gave credence to his theories about Hitler's desire to overtake Europe, and gave Churchill the opportunity to rise to the greatness that was his destiny. The Gathering Storm is a made-for-television biographical drama based on Churchill's memoirs about his life leading up to World War II. Albert Finney stars as Winston Churchill, Vanessa Redgrave plays his wife, Clementine, and Derek Jacobi appears as Stanley Baldwin. Jim Broadbent and Ronnie Barker co-star. Produced for the BBC, The Gathering Storm received its American premier on the HBO premium cable network in the spring of 2002.
Fighting the System | Heads of State | Rise To Power
Britain, leader, politician, Prime-Minister, Third-Reich, world-war, adversity


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While some side effects from nitric oxide supplement consumption may be inevitable, consumers can avoid risks and other serious health problems by adhering to prescribed nitric oxide amounts and assessing tolerance.


Said Haggerty: "I had the patron saint of dads for sissies and no, I didn't know it at the time, but I know it now.
StoryCorps is producer Dave Isay's storytelling project, which has become the largest collection of human voices ever recorded. Isay was recently awarded TED's $1 million TED Prize for his work recording the stories of everyday people for posterity.
Interestingly, the project was inspired after Isay's father came out to him as gay and told him the story of the Stonewall riots.