text:
package v1

import (
	"reflect"
	"time"
)

type CpuSpec struct {
	Limit    uint64 `json:"limit"`
	MaxLimit uint64 `json:"max_limit"`
	Mask     string `json:"mask,omitempty"`
	Quota    uint64 `json:"quota,omitempty"`
	Period   uint64 `json:"period,omitempty"`
}

type MemorySpec struct {
	// The amount of memory requested. Default is unlimited (-1).
	// Units: bytes.
	Limit uint64 `json:"limit,omitempty"`

	// The amount of guaranteed memory.  Default is 0.
	// Units: bytes.
	Reservation uint64 `json:"reservation,omitempty"`

	// The amount of swap space requested. Default is unlimited (-1).
	// Units: bytes.
	SwapLimit uint64 `json:"swap_limit,omitempty"`
}

type ProcessSpec struct {
	Limit uint64 `json:"limit,omitempty"`
}

type ContainerSpec struct {
	// Time at which the container was created.
	CreationTime time.Time `json:"creation_time,omitempty"`

	// Metadata labels associated with this container.
	Labels map[string]string `json:"labels,omitempty"`
	// Metadata envs associated with this container. Only whitelisted envs are added.
	Envs map[string]string `json:"envs,omitempty"`

	HasCpu bool    `json:"has_cpu"`
	Cpu    CpuSpec `json:"cpu,omitempty"`

	HasMemory bool       `json:"has_memory"`
	Memory    MemorySpec `json:"memory,omitempty"`

	HasHugetlb bool `json:"has_hugetlb"`

	HasNetwork bool `json:"has_network"`

	HasProcesses bool        `json:"has_processes"`
	Processes    ProcessSpec `json:"processes,omitempty"`

	HasFilesystem bool `json:"has_filesystem"`

	// HasDiskIo when true, indicates that DiskIo stats will be available.
	HasDiskIo bool `json:"has_diskio"`

	HasCustomMetrics bool         `json:"has_custom_metrics"`
	CustomMetrics    []MetricSpec `json:"custom_metrics,omitempty"`

	// Image name used for this container.
	Image string `json:"image,omitempty"`
}

// Container reference contains enough information to uniquely identify a container
type ContainerReference struct {
	// The container id
	Id string `json:"id,omitempty"`

	// The absolute name of the container. This is unique on the machine.
	Name string `json:"name"`

	// Other names by which the container is known within a certain namespace.
	// This is unique within that namespace.
	Aliases []string `json:"aliases,omitempty"`

	// Namespace under which the aliases of a container are unique.
	// An example of a namespace is "docker" for Docker containers.
	Namespace string `json:"namespace,omitempty"`
}

// Sorts by container name.
type ContainerReferenceSlice []ContainerReference

func (s ContainerReferenceSlice) Len() int           { return len(s) }
func (s ContainerReferenceSlice) Swap(i, j int)      { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
func (s ContainerReferenceSlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Name < s[j].Name }

// ContainerInfoRequest is used when users check a container info from the REST API.
// It specifies how much data users want to get about a container
type ContainerInfoRequest struct {
	// Max number of stats to return. Specify -1 for all stats currently available.
	// Default: 60
	NumStats int `json:"num_stats,omitempty"`

	// Start time for which to query information.
	// If omitted, the beginning of time is assumed.
	Start time.Time `json:"start,omitempty"`

	// End time for which to query information.
	// If omitted, current time is assumed.
	End time.Time `json:"end,omitempty"`
}

// Returns a ContainerInfoRequest with all default values specified.
func DefaultContainerInfoRequest() ContainerInfoRequest {
	return ContainerInfoRequest{
		NumStats: 60,
	}
}

func (r *ContainerInfoRequest) Equals(other ContainerInfoRequest) bool {
	return r.NumStats == other.NumStats &&
		r.Start.Equal(other.Start) &&
		r.End.Equal(other.End)
}

type ContainerInfo struct {
	ContainerReference

	// The direct subcontainers of the current container.
	Subcontainers []ContainerReference `json:"subcontainers,omitempty"`

	// The isolation used in the container.
	Spec ContainerSpec `json:"spec,omitempty"`

	// Historical statistics gathered from the container.
	Stats []*ContainerStats `json:"stats,omitempty"`
}

// TODO(vmarmol): Refactor to not need this equality comparison.
// ContainerInfo may be (un)marshaled by json or other en/decoder. In that
// case, the Timestamp field in each stats/sample may not be precisely
// en/decoded.  This will lead to small but acceptable differences between a
// ContainerInfo and its encode-then-decode version.  Eq() is used to compare
// two ContainerInfo accepting small difference (<10ms) of Time fields.
func (ci *ContainerInfo) Eq(b *ContainerInfo) bool {

	// If both ci and b are nil, then Eq() returns true
	if ci == nil {
		return b == nil
	}
	if b == nil {
		return ci == nil
	}

	// For fields other than time.Time, we will compare them precisely.
	// This would require that any slice should have same order.
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(ci.ContainerReference, b.ContainerReference) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(ci.Subcontainers, b.Subcontainers) {
		return false
	}
	if !ci.Spec.Eq(&b.Spec) {
		return false
	}

	for i, expectedStats := range b.Stats {
		selfStats := ci.Stats[i]
		if !expectedStats.Eq(selfStats) {
			return false
		}
	}

	return true
}

func (s *ContainerSpec) Eq(b *ContainerSpec) bool {
	// Creation within 1s of each other.
	diff := s.CreationTime.Sub(b.CreationTime)
	if (diff > time.Second) || (diff < -time.Second) {
		return false
	}

	if s.HasCpu != b.HasCpu {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(s.Cpu, b.Cpu) {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasMemory != b.HasMemory {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(s.Memory, b.Memory) {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasHugetlb != b.HasHugetlb {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasNetwork != b.HasNetwork {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasProcesses != b.HasProcesses {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasFilesystem != b.HasFilesystem {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasDiskIo != b.HasDiskIo {
		return false
	}
	if s.HasCustomMetrics != b.HasCustomMetrics {
		return false
	}
	if s.Image != b.Image {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

func (ci *ContainerInfo) StatsAfter(ref time.Time) []*ContainerStats {
	n := len(ci.Stats) + 1
	for i, s := range ci.Stats {
		if s.Timestamp.After(ref) {
			n = i
			break
		}
	}
	if n > len(ci.Stats) {
		return nil
	}
	return ci.Stats[n:]
}

func (ci *ContainerInfo) StatsStartTime() time.Time {
	var ret time.Time
	for _, s := range ci.Stats {
		if s.Timestamp.Before(ret) || ret.IsZero() {
			ret = s.Timestamp
		}
	}
	return ret
}

func (ci *ContainerInfo) StatsEndTime() time.Time {
	var ret time.Time
	for i := len(ci.Stats) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		s := ci.Stats[i]
		if s.Timestamp.After(ret) {
			ret = s.Timestamp
		}
	}
	return ret
}

// This mirrors kernel internal structure.
type LoadStats struct {
	// Number of sleeping tasks.
	NrSleeping uint64 `json:"nr_sleeping"`

	// Number of running tasks.
	NrRunning uint64 `json:"nr_running"`

	// Number of tasks in stopped state
	NrStopped uint64 `json:"nr_stopped"`

	// Number of tasks in uninterruptible state
	NrUninterruptible uint64 `json:"nr_uninterruptible"`

	// Number of tasks waiting on IO
	NrIoWait uint64 `json:"nr_io_wait"`
}

// CPU usage time statistics.
type CpuUsage struct {
	// Total CPU usage.
	// Unit: nanoseconds.
	Total uint64 `json:"total"`

	// Per CPU/core usage of the container.
	// Unit: nanoseconds.
	PerCpu []uint64 `json:"per_cpu_usage,omitempty"`

	// Time spent in user space.
	// Unit: nanoseconds.
	User uint64 `json:"user"`

	// Time spent in kernel space.
	// Unit: nanoseconds.
	System uint64 `json:"system"`
}

// Cpu Completely Fair Scheduler statistics.
type CpuCFS struct {
	// Total number of elapsed enforcement intervals.
	Periods uint64 `json:"periods"`

	// Total number of times tasks in the cgroup have been throttled.
	ThrottledPeriods uint64 `json:"throttled_periods"`

	// Total time duration for which tasks in the cgroup have been throttled.
	// Unit: nanoseconds.
	ThrottledTime uint64 `json:"throttled_time"`
}

// Cpu Aggregated scheduler statistics
type CpuSchedstat struct {
	// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-stats.txt

	// time spent on the cpu
	RunTime uint64 `json:"run_time"`
	// time spent waiting on a runqueue
	RunqueueTime uint64 `json:"runqueue_time"`
	// # of timeslices run on this cpu
	RunPeriods uint64 `json:"run_periods"`
}

// All CPU usage metrics are cumulative from the creation of the container
type CpuStats struct {
	Usage     CpuUsage     `json:"usage"`
	CFS       CpuCFS       `json:"cfs"`
	Schedstat CpuSchedstat `json:"schedstat"`
	// Smoothed average of number of runnable threads x 1000.
	// We multiply by thousand to avoid using floats, but preserving precision.
	// Load is smoothed over the last 10 seconds. Instantaneous value can be read
	// from LoadStats.NrRunning.
	LoadAverage int32 `json:"load_average"`
}

type PerDiskStats struct {
	Device string            `json:"device"`
	Major  uint64            `json:"major"`
	Minor  uint64            `json:"minor"`
	Stats  map[string]uint64 `json:"stats"`
}

type DiskIoStats struct {
	IoServiceBytes []PerDiskStats `json:"io_service_bytes,omitempty"`
	IoServiced     []PerDiskStats `json:"io_serviced,omitempty"`
	IoQueued       []PerDiskStats `json:"io_queued,omitempty"`
	Sectors        []PerDiskStats `json:"sectors,omitempty"`
	IoServiceTime  []PerDiskStats `json:"io_service_time,omitempty"`
	IoWaitTime     []PerDiskStats `json:"io_wait_time,omitempty"`
	IoMerged       []PerDiskStats `json:"io_merged,omitempty"`
	IoTime         []PerDiskStats `json:"io_time,omitempty"`
}

type HugetlbStats struct {
	// current res_counter usage for hugetlb
	Usage uint64 `json:"usage,omitempty"`
	// maximum usage ever recorded.
	MaxUsage uint64 `json:"max_usage,omitempty"`
	// number of times hugetlb usage allocation failure.
	Failcnt uint64 `json:"failcnt"`
}

type MemoryStats struct {
	// Current memory usage, this includes all memory regardless of when it was
	// accessed.
	// Units: Bytes.
	Usage uint64 `json:"usage"`

	// Maximum memory usage recorded.
	// Units: Bytes.
	MaxUsage uint64 `json:"max_usage"`

	// Number of bytes of page cache memory.
	// Units: Bytes.
	Cache uint64 `json:"cache"`

	// The amount of anonymous and swap cache memory (includes transparent
	// hugepages).
	// Units: Bytes.
	RSS uint64 `json:"rss"`

	// The amount of swap currently used by the processes in this cgroup
	// Units: Bytes.
	Swap uint64 `json:"swap"`

	// The amount of memory used for mapped files (includes tmpfs/shmem)
	MappedFile uint64 `json:"mapped_file"`

	// The amount of working set memory, this includes recently accessed memory,
	// dirty memory, and kernel memory. Working set is <= "usage".
	// Units: Bytes.
	WorkingSet uint64 `json:"working_set"`

	Failcnt uint64 `json:"failcnt"`

	ContainerData    MemoryStatsMemoryData `json:"container_data,omitempty"`
	HierarchicalData MemoryStatsMemoryData `json:"hierarchical_data,omitempty"`
}

type MemoryStatsMemoryData struct {
	Pgfault    uint64 `json:"pgfault"`
	Pgmajfault uint64 `json:"pgmajfault"`
}

type InterfaceStats struct {
	// The name of the interface.
	Name string `json:"name"`
	// Cumulative count of bytes received.
	RxBytes uint64 `json:"rx_bytes"`
	// Cumulative count of packets received.
	RxPackets uint64 `json:"rx_packets"`
	// Cumulative count of receive errors encountered.
	RxErrors uint64 `json:"rx_errors"`
	// Cumulative count of packets dropped while receiving.
	RxDropped uint64 `json:"rx_dropped"`
	// Cumulative count of bytes transmitted.
	TxBytes uint64 `json:"tx_bytes"`
	// Cumulative count of packets transmitted.
	TxPackets uint64 `json:"tx_packets"`
	// Cumulative count of transmit errors encountered.
	TxErrors uint64 `json:"tx_errors"`
	// Cumulative count of packets dropped while transmitting.
	TxDropped uint64 `json:"tx_dropped"`
}

type NetworkStats struct {
	InterfaceStats `json:",inline"`
	Interfaces     []InterfaceStats `json:"interfaces,omitempty"`
	// TCP connection stats (Established, Listen...)
	Tcp TcpStat `json:"tcp"`
	// TCP6 connection stats (Established, Listen...)
	Tcp6 TcpStat `json:"tcp6"`
	// UDP connection stats
	Udp UdpStat `json:"udp"`
	// UDP6 connection stats
	Udp6 UdpStat `json:"udp6"`
	// TCP advanced stats
	TcpAdvanced TcpAdvancedStat `json:"tcp_advanced"`
}

type TcpStat struct {
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Established"
	Established uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Syn_Sent"
	SynSent uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Syn_Recv"
	SynRecv uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Fin_Wait1"
	FinWait1 uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Fin_Wait2"
	FinWait2 uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Time_Wait
	TimeWait uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Close"
	Close uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Close_Wait"
	CloseWait uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Listen_Ack"
	LastAck uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Listen"
	Listen uint64
	// Count of TCP connections in state "Closing"
	Closing uint64
}

type TcpAdvancedStat struct {
	// The algorithm used to determine the timeout value used for
	// retransmitting unacknowledged octets, ref: RFC2698, default 1
	RtoAlgorithm uint64
	// The minimum value permitted by a TCP implementation for the
	// retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds, default 200ms
	RtoMin uint64
	// The maximum value permitted by a TCP implementation for the
	// retransmission timeout, measured in milliseconds, default 120s
	RtoMax uint64
	// The limit on the total number of TCP connections the entity
	// can support., default -1, i.e. infinity
	MaxConn int64

	// The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
	// transition to the SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED state.
	ActiveOpens uint64
	// The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
	// transition to the SYN-RCVD state from the LISTEN state.
	PassiveOpens uint64
	// The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
	// transition to the CLOSED state from either the SYN-SENT
	// state or the SYN-RCVD state, plus the number of times TCP
	// connections have made a direct transition to the LISTEN
	// state from the SYN-RCVD state.
	AttemptFails uint64
	// The number of times TCP connections have made a direct
	// transition to the CLOSED state from either the ESTABLISHED
	// state or the CLOSE-WAIT state.
	EstabResets uint64
	// The number of TCP connections for which the current state
	// is either ESTABLISHED or CLOSE- WAIT.
	CurrEstab uint64

	// The total number of segments received, including those
	// received in error.
	InSegs uint64
	// The total number of segments sent, including those on
	// current connections but excluding those containing only
	// retransmitted octets.
	OutSegs uint64
	// The total number of segments retransmitted - that is, the
	// number of TCP segments transmitted containing one or more
	// previously transmitted octets.
	RetransSegs uint64
	// The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad
	// TCP checksums).
	InErrs uint64
	// The number of TCP segments sent containing the RST flag.
	OutRsts uint64
	// The number of IP Packets with checksum errors
	InCsumErrors uint64
	// The number of resets received for embryonic SYN_RECV sockets
	EmbryonicRsts uint64

	// The number of SYN cookies sent
	SyncookiesSent uint64
	// The number of SYN cookies received
	SyncookiesRecv uint64
	// The number of invalid SYN cookies received
	SyncookiesFailed uint64

	// The number of packets pruned from receive queue because of socket buffer overrun
	PruneCalled uint64
	// The number of packets pruned from receive queue
	RcvPruned uint64
	// The number of packets dropped from out-of-order queue because of socket buffer overrun
	OfoPruned uint64
	// The number of ICMP packets dropped because they were out-of-window
	OutOfWindowIcmps uint64
	// The number of ICMP packets dropped because socket was locked
	LockDroppedIcmps uint64

	// The number of TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
	TW uint64
	// The number of time wait sockets recycled by time stamp
	TWRecycled uint64
	// The number of TCP sockets finished time wait in slow timer
	TWKilled uint64
	// counter, if no more mem for TIME-WAIT struct, +1
	TCPTimeWaitOverflow uint64

	// The number of RTO timer first timeout times
	TCPTimeouts uint64
	// The number of fake timeouts detected by F-RTO
	TCPSpuriousRTOs uint64
	// The number of send Tail Loss Probe (TLP) times by Probe Timeout(PTO)
	TCPLossProbes uint64
	// The number of recovery times by TLP
	TCPLossProbeRecovery uint64
	// The number of RTO failed times when in Recovery state, and remote end has no sack
	TCPRenoRecoveryFail uint64
	// The number of RTO failed times when in Recovery state, and remote end has sack
	TCPSackRecoveryFail uint64
	// The number of RTO failed times when in TCP_CA_Disorder state, and remote end has no sack
	TCPRenoFailures uint64
	// The number of RTO failed times when in TCP_CA_Disorder state, and remote end has sack
	TCPSackFailures uint64
	// The number of RTO failed times when in TCP_CA_Loss state,
	TCPLossFailures uint64

	// The number of delayed acks sent
	DelayedACKs uint64
	// The number of delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
	DelayedACKLocked uint64
	// The number of quick ack mode was activated times
	DelayedACKLost uint64
	// The number of times the listen queue of a socket overflowed
	ListenOverflows uint64
	// The number of SYNs to LISTEN sockets dropped
	ListenDrops uint64
	// The number of packet headers predicted
	TCPHPHits uint64
	// The number of acknowledgments not containing data payload received
	TCPPureAcks uint64
	// The number of predicted acknowledgments
	TCPHPAcks uint64
	// The number of times recovered from packet loss due to fast retransmit
	TCPRenoRecovery uint64
	// The number of SACK retransmits failed
	TCPSackRecovery uint64
	// The number of bad SACK blocks received
	TCPSACKReneging uint64
	// The number of detected reordering times using FACK
	TCPFACKReorder uint64
	// The number of detected reordering times using SACK
	TCPSACKReorder uint64
	// The number of detected reordering times using Reno
	TCPRenoReorder uint64
	// The number of detected reordering times using time stamp
	TCPTSReorder uint64
	// The number of congestion windows fully recovered without slow start
	TCPFullUndo uint64
	// The number of congestion windows partially recovered using Hoe heuristic
	TCPPartialUndo uint64
	// The number of congestion windows recovered without slow start by DSACK
	TCPDSACKUndo uint64
	// The number of congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack
	TCPLossUndo uint64

	// The number of fast retransmits
	TCPFastRetrans uint64
	// The number of retransmits in slow start
	TCPSlowStartRetrans uint64
	// The number of retransmits lost
	TCPLostRetransmit uint64
	// The number of retransmits failed, including FastRetrans, SlowStartRetrans
	TCPRetransFail uint64

	// he number of packets collapsed in receive queue due to low socket buffer
	TCPRcvCollapsed uint64
	// The number of DSACKs sent for old packets
	TCPDSACKOldSent uint64
	// The number of DSACKs sent for out of order packets
	TCPDSACKOfoSent uint64
	// The number of DSACKs received
	TCPDSACKRecv uint64
	// The number of DSACKs for out of order packets received
	TCPDSACKOfoRecv uint64
	// The number of connections reset due to unexpected data
	TCPAbortOnData uint64
	// The number of connections reset due to early user close
	TCPAbortOnClose uint64
	// The number of connections aborted due to memory pressure
	TCPAbortOnMemory uint64
	// The number of connections aborted due to timeout
	TCPAbortOnTimeout uint64
	// The number of connections aborted after user close in linger timeout
	TCPAbortOnLinger uint64
	// The number of times unable to send RST due to no memory
	TCPAbortFailed uint64
	// The number of TCP ran low on memory times
	TCPMemoryPressures uint64
	// The number of TCP cumulative duration of
	// memory pressure events, by ms
	TCPMemoryPressuresChrono uint64
	// The number of SACKs discard
	TCPSACKDiscard uint64
	// The number of DSACKs ignore old
	TCPDSACKIgnoredOld uint64
	// The number of DSACKs ignore no undo
	TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo uint64

	// The number of MD5 not found
	TCPMD5NotFound uint64
	// The number of MD5 unexpected
	TCPMD5Unexpected uint64
	// The number of MD5 failed
	TCPMD5Failure uint64
	// The number of Sack shifted
	TCPSackShifted uint64
	// The number of Sack merged
	TCPSackMerged uint64
	// The number of Sack shift fall back
	TCPSackShiftFallback uint64
	// The number of Backlog drop
	TCPBacklogDrop uint64
	// The number of PFmemalloc drop
	PFMemallocDrop uint64
	// The number of memalloc drop
	TCPMinTTLDrop uint64
	// The number of DeferAccept drop
	TCPDeferAcceptDrop uint64
	// The number of IP reverse path filter
	IPReversePathFilter uint64

	// The number of request full do cookies
	TCPReqQFullDoCookies uint64
	// The number of request full drop
	TCPReqQFullDrop uint64

	// number of successful outbound TFO connections
	TCPFastOpenActive uint64
	// number of SYN-ACK packets received that did not acknowledge data
	// sent in the SYN packet and caused a retransmissions without SYN data.
	TCPFastOpenActiveFail uint64
	// number of successful inbound TFO connections
	TCPFastOpenPassive uint64
	// number of inbound SYN packets with TFO cookie that was invalid
	TCPFastOpenPassiveFail uint64
	// number of inbound SYN packets that will have TFO disabled because
	// the socket has exceeded the max queue length
	TCPFastOpenListenOverflow uint64
	// number of inbound SYN packets requesting TFO with TFO set but no cookie
	TCPFastOpenCookieReqd uint64

	// number of SYN and SYN/ACK retransmits to break down retransmissions
	// into SYN, fast-retransmits, timeout retransmits, etc.
	TCPSynRetrans uint64
	// number of outgoing packets with original data
	// (excluding retransmission but including data-in-SYN).
	TCPOrigDataSent uint64

	// The number of active connections rejected because of time stamp
	PAWSActive uint64
	// The number of packetes rejected in established connections because of timestamp
	PAWSEstab uint64
}

type UdpStat struct {
	// Count of UDP sockets in state "Listen"
	Listen uint64

	// Count of UDP packets dropped by the IP stack
	Dropped uint64

	// Count of packets Queued for Receieve
	RxQueued uint64

	// Count of packets Queued for Transmit
	TxQueued uint64
}

type FsStats struct {
	// The block device name associated with the filesystem.
	Device string `json:"device,omitempty"`

	// Type of the filesytem.
	Type string `json:"type"`

	// Number of bytes that can be consumed by the container on this filesystem.
	Limit uint64 `json:"capacity"`

	// Number of bytes that is consumed by the container on this filesystem.
	Usage uint64 `json:"usage"`

	// Base Usage that is consumed by the container's writable layer.
	// This field is only applicable for docker container's as of now.
	BaseUsage uint64 `json:"base_usage"`

	// Number of bytes available for non-root user.
	Available uint64 `json:"available"`

	// HasInodes when true, indicates that Inodes info will be available.
	HasInodes bool `json:"has_inodes"`

	// Number of Inodes
	Inodes uint64 `json:"inodes"`

	// Number of available Inodes
	InodesFree uint64 `json:"inodes_free"`

	// Number of reads completed
	// This is the total number of reads completed successfully.
	ReadsCompleted uint64 `json:"reads_completed"`

	// Number of reads merged
	// Reads and writes which are adjacent to each other may be merged for
	// efficiency.  Thus two 4K reads may become one 8K read before it is
	// ultimately handed to the disk, and so it will be counted (and queued)
	// as only one I/O.  This field lets you know how often this was done.
	ReadsMerged uint64 `json:"reads_merged"`

	// Number of sectors read
	// This is the total number of sectors read successfully.
	SectorsRead uint64 `json:"sectors_read"`

	// Number of milliseconds spent reading
	// This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all reads (as
	// measured from __make_request() to end_that_request_last()).
	ReadTime uint64 `json:"read_time"`

	// Number of writes completed
	// This is the total number of writes completed successfully.
	WritesCompleted uint64 `json:"writes_completed"`

	// Number of writes merged
	// See the description of reads merged.
	WritesMerged uint64 `json:"writes_merged"`

	// Number of sectors written
	// This is the total number of sectors written successfully.
	SectorsWritten uint64 `json:"sectors_written"`

	// Number of milliseconds spent writing
	// This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all writes (as
	// measured from __make_request() to end_that_request_last()).
	WriteTime uint64 `json:"write_time"`

	// Number of I/Os currently in progress
	// The only field that should go to zero. Incremented as requests are
	// given to appropriate struct request_queue and decremented as they finish.
	IoInProgress uint64 `json:"io_in_progress"`

	// Number of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
	// This field increases so long as field 9 is nonzero.
	IoTime uint64 `json:"io_time"`

	// weighted number of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
	// This field is incremented at each I/O start, I/O completion, I/O
	// merge, or read of these stats by the number of I/Os in progress
	// (field 9) times the number of milliseconds spent doing I/O since the
	// last update of this field.  This can provide an easy measure of both
	// I/O completion time and the backlog that may be accumulating.
	WeightedIoTime uint64 `json:"weighted_io_time"`
}

type AcceleratorStats struct {
	// Make of the accelerator (nvidia, amd, google etc.)
	Make string `json:"make"`

	// Model of the accelerator (tesla-p100, tesla-k80 etc.)
	Model string `json:"model"`

	// ID of the accelerator.
	ID string `json:"id"`

	// Total accelerator memory.
	// unit: bytes
	MemoryTotal uint64 `json:"memory_total"`

	// Total accelerator memory allocated.
	// unit: bytes
	MemoryUsed uint64 `json:"memory_used"`

	// Percent of time over the past sample period during which
	// the accelerator was actively processing.
	DutyCycle uint64 `json:"duty_cycle"`
}

// PerfStat represents value of a single monitored perf event.
type PerfStat struct {
	// Indicates scaling ratio for an event: time_running/time_enabled
	// (amount of time that event was being measured divided by
	// amount of time that event was enabled for).
	// value 1.0 indicates that no multiplexing occurred. Value close
	// to 0 indicates that event was measured for short time and event's
	// value might be inaccurate.
	// See: https://lwn.net/Articles/324756/
	ScalingRatio float64 `json:"scaling_ratio"`

	// Value represents value of perf event retrieved from OS. It is
	// normalized against ScalingRatio and takes multiplexing into
	// consideration.
	Value uint64 `json:"value"`

	// Name is human readable name of an event.
	Name string `json:"name"`

	// CPU that perf event was measured on.
	Cpu int `json:"cpu"`
}

// MemoryBandwidthStats corresponds to MBM (Memory Bandwidth Monitoring).
// See: https://01.org/cache-monitoring-technology
// See: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt
type MemoryBandwidthStats struct {
	// The 'mbm_total_bytes'.
	TotalBytes uint64 `json:"mbm_total_bytes,omitempty"`

	// The 'mbm_local_bytes'.
	LocalBytes uint64 `json:"mbm_local_bytes,omitempty"`
}

// CacheStats corresponds to CMT (Cache Monitoring Technology).
// See: https://01.org/cache-monitoring-technology
// See: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt_ui.txt
type CacheStats struct {
	// The 'llc_occupancy'.
	LLCOccupancy uint64 `json:"llc_occupancy,omitempty"`
}

// ResctrlStats corresponds to statistics from Resource Control.
type ResctrlStats struct {
	// Each NUMA Node statistics corresponds to one element in the array.
	MemoryBandwidth []MemoryBandwidthStats `json:"memory_bandwidth,omitempty"`
	Cache           []CacheStats           `json:"cache,omitempty"`
}

// PerfUncoreStat represents value of a single monitored perf uncore event.
type PerfUncoreStat struct {
	// Indicates scaling ratio for an event: time_running/time_enabled
	// (amount of time that event was being measured divided by
	// amount of time that event was enabled for).
	// value 1.0 indicates that no multiplexing occurred. Value close
	// to 0 indicates that event was measured for short time and event's
	// value might be inaccurate.
	// See: https://lwn.net/Articles/324756/
	ScalingRatio float64 `json:"scaling_ratio"`

	// Value represents value of perf event retrieved from OS. It is
	// normalized against ScalingRatio and takes multiplexing into
	// consideration.
	Value uint64 `json:"value"`

	// Name is human readable name of an event.
	Name string `json:"name"`

	// Socket that perf event was measured on.
	Socket int `json:"socket"`

	// PMU is Performance Monitoring Unit which collected these stats.
	PMU string `json:"pmu"`
}

type UlimitSpec struct {
	Name      string `json:"name"`
	SoftLimit int64  `json:"soft_limit"`
	HardLimit int64  `json:"hard_limit"`
}

type ProcessStats struct {
	// Number of processes
	ProcessCount uint64 `json:"process_count"`

	// Number of open file descriptors
	FdCount uint64 `json:"fd_count"`

	// Number of sockets
	SocketCount uint64 `json:"socket_count"`

	// Number of threads currently in container
	ThreadsCurrent uint64 `json:"threads_current,omitempty"`

	// Maxium number of threads allowed in container
	ThreadsMax uint64 `json:"threads_max,omitempty"`

	// Ulimits for the top-level container process
	Ulimits []UlimitSpec `json:"ulimits,omitempty"`
}

type ContainerStats struct {
	// The time of this stat point.
	Timestamp time.Time               `json:"timestamp"`
	Cpu       CpuStats                `json:"cpu,omitempty"`
	DiskIo    DiskIoStats             `json:"diskio,omitempty"`
	Memory    MemoryStats             `json:"memory,omitempty"`
	Hugetlb   map[string]HugetlbStats `json:"hugetlb,omitempty"`
	Network   NetworkStats            `json:"network,omitempty"`
	// Filesystem statistics
	Filesystem []FsStats `json:"filesystem,omitempty"`

	// Task load stats
	TaskStats LoadStats `json:"task_stats,omitempty"`

	// Metrics for Accelerators. Each Accelerator corresponds to one element in the array.
	Accelerators []AcceleratorStats `json:"accelerators,omitempty"`

	// ProcessStats for Containers
	Processes ProcessStats `json:"processes,omitempty"`

	// Custom metrics from all collectors
	CustomMetrics map[string][]MetricVal `json:"custom_metrics,omitempty"`

	// Statistics originating from perf events
	PerfStats []PerfStat `json:"perf_stats,omitempty"`

	// Statistics originating from perf uncore events.
	// Applies only for root container.
	PerfUncoreStats []PerfUncoreStat `json:"perf_uncore_stats,omitempty"`

	// Referenced memory
	ReferencedMemory uint64 `json:"referenced_memory,omitempty"`

	// Resource Control (resctrl) statistics
	Resctrl ResctrlStats `json:"resctrl,omitempty"`
}

func timeEq(t1, t2 time.Time, tolerance time.Duration) bool {
	// t1 should not be later than t2
	if t1.After(t2) {
		t1, t2 = t2, t1
	}
	diff := t2.Sub(t1)
	return diff <= tolerance
}

const (
	// 10ms, i.e. 0.01s
	timePrecision time.Duration = 10 * time.Millisecond
)

// This function is useful because we do not require precise time
// representation.
func (a *ContainerStats) Eq(b *ContainerStats) bool {
	if !timeEq(a.Timestamp, b.Timestamp, timePrecision) {
		return false
	}
	return a.StatsEq(b)
}

// Checks equality of the stats values.
func (a *ContainerStats) StatsEq(b *ContainerStats) bool {
	// TODO(vmarmol): Consider using this through reflection.
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Cpu, b.Cpu) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Memory, b.Memory) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Hugetlb, b.Hugetlb) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.DiskIo, b.DiskIo) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Network, b.Network) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Processes, b.Processes) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Filesystem, b.Filesystem) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.TaskStats, b.TaskStats) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.Accelerators, b.Accelerators) {
		return false
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a.CustomMetrics, b.CustomMetrics) {
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// Event contains information general to events such as the time at which they
// occurred, their specific type, and the actual event. Event types are
// differentiated by the EventType field of Event.
type Event struct {
	// the absolute container name for which the event occurred
	ContainerName string `json:"container_name"`

	// the time at which the event occurred
	Timestamp time.Time `json:"timestamp"`

	// the type of event. EventType is an enumerated type
	EventType EventType `json:"event_type"`

	// the original event object and all of its extraneous data, ex. an
	// OomInstance
	EventData EventData `json:"event_data,omitempty"`
}

// EventType is an enumerated type which lists the categories under which
// events may fall. The Event field EventType is populated by this enum.
type EventType string

const (
	EventOom               EventType = "oom"
	EventOomKill           EventType = "oomKill"
	EventContainerCreation EventType = "containerCreation"
	EventContainerDeletion EventType = "containerDeletion"
)

// Extra information about an event. Only one type will be set.
type EventData struct {
	// Information about an OOM kill event.
	OomKill *OomKillEventData `json:"oom,omitempty"`
}

// Information related to an OOM kill instance
type OomKillEventData struct {
	// process id of the killed process
	Pid int `json:"pid"`

	// The name of the killed process
	ProcessName string `json:"process_name"`
}


"Getting fired shouldn't be the end of the story for Tim Sloan."
Wells Fargo CEO Timothy Sloan is resigning following several scandals at the bank, he announced Thursday—but Sen. Elizabeth Warren called for the executive to be investigated instead of walking away with a "golden parachute" retirement package.
Sloan announced his resignation Thursday after a three-year tenure at the helm of the bank at a time when it was mired in accusations of fraudulent behavior, corrupt practices, and attacks on its customers.
Warren, a 2020 presidential candidate and longtime consumer advocate, has been one of the most vocal detractors of Sloan and Wells Fargo in recent years, telling Sloan a year ago that he "should be fired, not rewarded" when he received a 35 percent pay raise the year after the bank had been forced to pay a $185 million fine for opening fraudulent accounts in customers' names and selling unnecessary car insurance and other products to consumers.
"About damn time," wrote Warren on her Twitter account after learning of Sloan's ouster.
The Massachusetts Democrat made clear that Sloan's departure—which comes with a $24 million retirement package and stock grants—is not sufficient to hold the former CEO to account for overseeing a company where profits were prioritized at the expense of millions of customers who were charged fees for unknowingly having fraudulent accounts in their names.
"Getting fired shouldn't be the end of the story for Tim Sloan," she wrote. "He shouldn't get a golden parachute. He should be investigated by the SEC and the DOJ for his role in all the Wells Fargo scams. And if he's guilty of any crimes, he should be put in jail like anyone else."
Sloan's resignation came just weeks after a New York Times article quoted several Wells Fargo employees who said pressure still remains at the bank to "squeeze extra money out of customers," many of whom are recent college graduates and retirees with limited funds—years after the news of the bank's first major scandal broke.
Earlier this month, Warren and Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio) urged the Federal Reserve to keep Wells Fargo from expanding its business until Sloan was ousted from his position. Regulators had forbid the company from growing in 2018 and the senators demanded that the restriction be held in place.
Warren and Brown pointed to reports that Wells Fargo has not compensated customers who were charged for auto insurance they didn't need in a 2017 scheme, as evidence that Sloan was unfit to lead the company.
"Recent reports provide more evidence that Wells Fargo is fundamentally broken, with a record of misconduct that has lasted for years," the senators wrote. "There is no evidence whatsoever that Mr. Sloan will fix these problems."
On social media, Warren wrote that Sloan's resignation brings to light the need for Congress to pass the Ending Too Big to Jail Act, which she introduced last year.
"I'm glad Tim Sloan got canned, but let's be clear: if he broke the law, he should go to jail," Warren wrote. "My Ending Too Big to Jail Act would make sure that bank executives can be held personally responsible for their banks' cheating."


Minesing Swamp photo showing water swells on treeline.
A panoramic stitched in-camera photo taken in Minesing Swamp in Ontario. Shows line across all the trees where previous water swells from the Nottawasaga River have risen.


The ways of spending your free time in Chianti.
May – June are the best month to enjoy fresh new fruit and blossoming trees.
July and August retain the fascination of "Palio" time in Siena, a horse race that is so important for the entire town and country around. Time for feasts and markets in small villages.
Summer are also special time for art exhibition organized in beautiful spots or music events at night in pievi or castles.
September and October are grape harvest time with plenty of wine festivals.
November is time for olive oil production, the right moment to taste the new oil.
Winter is the perfect time to enjoy real Italian life.


There's no doubt that the world is connected when it comes to financial and banking issues. The big banks borrow money from each other all the time, and if one country is having banking issues, other countries feel the impact of those issues. A good example of the banking world's connection is the current financial situation that is developing in China. According to Kyle Bass, the founder of Dallas-based Hayman Capital Management, the Chinese banks are in trouble because of mounting bad debt.
The Chinese banks have been lending money to companies and people in order to stimulate a consumer-driven economy, and the plan is not working like the banks expected. In fact, Bass believes the Central Bank of China is three trillion dollars in debt due to these consumer-based loans. The government of China will have to use capital reserve money to keep their banking system intact, and that will cause their currency to depreciate by as much as 30 percent. Bass is betting that will happen.
Kyle Bass is the hedge fund investors that made a fortune betting the banks in the U.S. would collapse in 2008. Bass had a huge payday when he collected on that bet and he needs another payday like that one. Hayman Capital hasn't been the darling that investors cozied up to a few years ago. Even though Kyle Bass continues to talk about the gold market, interest rates and a global recession, his hedge fund is not producing decent returns.
Hayman Capital is having a meltdown, and Bass believes he can recoup some of the losses by shorting pharmaceutical stocks, and by making questionable decisions that some people say border on unethical behavior. Kyle Bass hasn't made many friends over the last three years. He turned four other hedge fund managers into enemies when he sided with Argentina when the country defaulted on debt bonds a few years ago. He upset consumers when he took General Motors side when the company installed faulty steering mechanisms in certain GM models. Even the widow of Chris Kyle, the American Sniper, thinks Bass and Hayman Capital use unethical investment tactics. But Bass keeps talking and the investors keep listening and waiting.
Meet Fabletics: one of the most popular athleisure and athletic wear companies out there. You've probably seen their ads, which usually feature their popular spokesmodel, Kate Hudson, showing off new designs, whether it's on an online ad or commercial. She has been working her creative flow with the company for three successful years now and is doing great things. She was appointed ambassador for the Fashion Targets Breast Cancer campaign, and she decided, undoubtedly, that adding clothing in support of Breast Cancer to the Fabletics line would be an excellent decision.
Kate Hudson is a huge supporter for Breast Cancer. She knows, like the rest of us, that most have been affected by the popular disease whether its a family member, friend or themselves. She decided to add a few pieces in the cancer color, pink, but revamped it a bit, giving it more depth. These exclusive pieces on fabletics.com can be found on the site in limited quantities and you can choose from two different tops, capri leggings or a bralette. Supporting Breast Cancer empowers women and Kate is confident that many will relate to this campaign and purchase the items for the cause.
Fabletics is a unique company because it is based off of subscriptions. You can subscribe to receive new athlesiure clothing each and every month at a fixed cost. The cost is significantly less than other brands like Nike and LuLuLemon which is why the company has found much success. You can also purchase clothes at your own leisure and don't have to subscribe but many find it a good way to add affordable and versatile clothing into their wardrobe. Fabletics.com is where you can go to subscribe.
Jordan Thomas recently led his team at Labaton Sucharow LLP to secure a substantial award for a client who reported a transgression in a very high-profile case. This is the second largest SEC whistleblower award given to date.
Labaton Sucharow LLP is the nation's first practice to exclusively dedicate itself to represent SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) whistleblowers. This case in question was awarded more than $17 million to a client who exposed a significant transgression in the financial services industry.
It is the second largest award from the SEC Whistleblower Program, now in its 6th year. This program allows whistleblowers to receive between 10 and 30 percent of the total awards won in a successful enforcement action.
This whistleblowing client provided great information that led to authorizations against a major company in the market. This client, as with most cases, chose to remain anonymous to avoid possible retaliation. The SEC does not reveal cases where the whistleblowers played a role to help prevent revealing the identity of the whistleblower.
Thomas, who led the team on this case, also represented the first person of a public company to receive a whistleblower award and worked on the first case where the SEC charged an employer with performing a form of retaliation against a whistleblower.
The SEC Whistleblower Program has unique protections and incentives for eligible clients. Clients, including the one in this particular case, can report any possible federal violations anonymously with added employment protections. They also have an opportunity to gain substantial money from the case. Congress has even established an Investor Protection Fund that ensures adequate funds are available and currently has a balance of over $400 million.
In 2010, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and also the Consumer Protection Act, which was the largest overhaul of financial regulation since the Great Depression. As part of the Dodd-Frank Act, the whistleblower program was created to entice people to report violations to the SEC.
As part of the rules, the SEC is required to pay these whistleblowers the 10-30% of the sanctions, as stated before, but only if the case is won and the sanctions exceed $1 million. If those requirements are met, they may also be eligible for other awards based on the money collected in related actions by other law enforcement agencies. The Act also prohibits and will prosecute any retaliation against SEC whistleblowers.
A SEC attorney is competent in the complicated laws of the Security Exchange. Thousands of people are effected each year by securities fraud that is committed against investors. The Dodd-Frank act emphasizes that whistleblower rights be protected. Often times, turning over pertinent information creates enemies and you could find yourself falsely terminated. This is when most people rely on the legal representation of a SEC Whistleblower attorney. They will fight for your rights and get you the compensation you deserve to successfully win your claim. You don't have to worry about fighting your legal battles on your own.
Labaton Sucharow was one of the first attorney's to dedicate his entire practice to SEC laws. He was one of the first attorney's in the industry to do so. He is one of the top leading professionals in real time SEC laws. He has played a major role in implementing SEC laws to where they stand today. Sucharow admits that valuable information that saves the SEC thousands of dollars in investigating and resources. He understands whistleblower's are entitled to 10-30% of every million that is collected. You get the money thst you need when you've been treated poorly by your employer as a whistleblower.
You'll discover how to win your case with a professional SEC whistleblower lawyer that will give you a free consultation and legal advice on your claim. They will sit down and discuss your case options with you. It is important to maintain your privacy to avoid being blacklisted. A SEC attorney will maintain your confidentiality and ensure you will have discretion with your claim. Sucharow has won of the largest SEC claims in history for his client. His client received over 56 million dollars in a recent court proceeding.
The Securities Exchange is attempting to build the trust of their investors. The federal government is cracking down on individuals who affect investors through financial fraud. They have said that unscrupulous practices have discouraged investors. The goal is to keep implementing laws that will protect consumer rights. A whistleblower is now getting the protection that is highly deserved. You're not sure what to do? Call a legal professional that can help. They don't collect unless you win your claim. Discover how to give yourself a better chance of winning your claim with a professional that can help. Discover how to win your claim through the representation of competent legal counsel.
Verne said if things are not going as planned in any of his businesses, he has learned how to change the direction. He never gives up. He takes another path because he wants to realize his vision. He also knows that he is his biggest competitor. In the earlier days, he never took advice from anyone. He thought he could handle it all. That he said got him nowhere fast. Verne soon realized it only took up time and caused him to briefly lose his focus.
Josh Verne considers himself a leader, not just an employer. His team consists of people who know how to apply themselves in the business world and whom he considers family. His successes are also the teams but, if there is a collapse, he makes sure there is a plan so they won't feel it that much. Verne also made it a point about not comparing himself or his businesses to others. Firmly believing that everyone knows what route is best for them and their path is not his to follow.
Verne knows that working smarter not hard is the key to success. He said when he began in business, he was doing everything himself and it was very hard. It was not always smooth sailing for him in the furniture business, although there were great days. The company ran into some difficulties which resulted in a sale. This action disrupted the lives of the workers who depended on him. He remembers someone telling him the reason why he has two ears and one mouth, is to listen. He took that advice wholeheartedly.
His advice to anyone who is in business or planning to start a business is, are they feeling any passion? He thinks that some people get into business and regret it. Regret is a recipe for failure. Verne knows too that balancing work and life are always difficult. He works it out by having a great family and an assistant that keeps him grounded. He is proud of his team and knows that he rely on them to continue making the company a success.
VTA Publications is a company that is a non-fiction publisher of distance learning courses. The company was created in 2012 and it's many customers around the world love the information products and free articles they provide. They have physical products and digital products, and these products specialize in the field of finance and economics.
Many times, people are intimidated about investing in the stock market and in other different ways because they are not educated enough about it. VTA Publications created a new product that educates people about how to invest their money.
The intriguing thing about this product is that people no longer have to guess different variables when investing. This product includes real-time data and variables and it can be plugged in directly to the system. This program puts together investments while educating people. If the right tools are accessible, people are taught different aspects of the stock market and investing. Everybody has different learning styles, and people are able to relate to the information and get more out of it.
Jim Hunt is the CEO of the company, VTA Publications. He is a specialist when it comes to stocks and bonds. He focuses on educating average investors with some of his products.
Jim Hunt created a few products which include "Make Mum a Millionaire" and "Wealth Wave." His predictions with the stock market are extremely accurate, and consumers are fortunate to gain wisdom through his products. For more on Jim and VTA, check out this interview, or follow Jim through his Twitter and YouTube accounts.
Flavio Maluf is a Brazilian mechanical engineer and businessman. He holds the President position for GrandFood Group and Eucatex. Flavio is an alumnus of the Armando Alvares Penteado Foundation (FAAP) where he acquired a Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering and the New York University (NYU) where he studied Business Administration. According to Facebook, Flavio is married and has three children. He began working at Eucatex Group the same year when his uncle held the President position of the company. After mastering what it takes to run a multinational company, Flavio was appointed as Eucatex's President back in 1997.
Eucatex Group mainly produces and markets insulation and liners that are extracted from eucalyptus trees. The company has grown rapidly since it was founded back in 1951. To be precise, it majorly serves construction companies and furniture manufacturers. Eucatex usually sells floor laminating materials, paints, modular partitions, and doors to its construction clients. The company has three factories based in Salto that produce varnishes, plates, and paints respectively. Eucatex officially opened a new processing plant within Salto with the primary goal of producing medium density fiberboards (MDF) and thin high-density fireboards (THDF).
Concerning sustainability, Eucatex is one of the pioneers of environmental conservation in Brazil. The company has 44,000 hectares of land with planted trees in São Paulo. Eucatex Group was awarded the ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 certifications for its sustainable operations. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) also acknowledged the company's work by awarding them a Green Seal. Under the leadership of Flavio Maluf, Eucatex amassed $ 215.8 million in net income for the year 2009. After being appointed as President, he adopted a new management model. According to Flavio, this model enables him to strive for perfection and success when it comes to overseeing Eucatex's administrative matters.
Besides holding a senior executive position at Eucatex, Flavio enjoys participating in charity work. When donating to the local community, his primary objective is to empower other people financially for them to afford basic utilities. He recently collaborated with the LANG Carli Hospital and Maternity in a move to improve the health services in the facility as well as enabling patients from the local community to get quality healthcare services.
Josh Verne frequently provides success tips to readers of his blog, which are primarily aimed at a male audience. Men whom are looking for a successful career and better lives often turn to Josh Verne's advice which for many is life-changing. He emphasizes the need of men to keep learning new things in order to build a better life for themselves. Many men don't find success in life simply because they don't listen to the advice of others and that is the reason why Josh is there to help others succeed alongside these individuals as well.
The first item which he believed was that he should be a leader first. Leadership means to him that he is able to build a team. At an early age, he realized that he needed to involve others and explain things to them before he can expect them to understand it. His first business was in the furniture industry, where he was responsible for building up a large furniture operation from the ground up. This came over the course of a 20-year career in business and offered him the opportunity to build himself from the ground up in the business field.
Josh Verne is also a big believer in having a balance in life. He is able to do so as he can find the right balancing act between work and accomplishing his goals for his business. This means that Josh spends a great deal of time with his family and ensuring that they are happy. However, this does not mean that he is not an individual without focus. Having a good focus on his goals means that he's able to achieve what he sets out to do while still being able to keep his mind focused on what he needs to accomplish in order to do so.
On top of this success-oriented philosophy, Josh is also a big believer in creating win-win situations which benefit everyone involved. According to Entrepreneur.com, what also distinguishes him from other business leaders is that he is a firm believer in that either everyone rises or falls together. Thus, he is willing to step in and ensure that this is what happens if someone were to not pull their weight.
Finally, Josh Verne is a firm believer in pursuing your passions. Passion is what he feels that drives individuals to pursue and achieve great things. This is the real secret to success: being able to enjoy what you do on a daily basis. He insists that every day should be the best day of your life, and that every day should not be drudgery and the same boring thing which is done over and over again.


The parishes of Immaculate Heart of Mary and St. Gabriel the Archangel (formerly St. John's and St. Joseph's, Hopkins) have sponsored and supported a Catholic school program of academic excellence and spiritual formation in the western suburbs of the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul), MN for over 50 years.
St. John the Evangelist parish has proudly offered Catholic education to this community since 1951. In 1972, St. John's began a relationship with St. Joseph's parish to jointly offer Catholic education; the school then became John Ireland School. In 1952, four Sisters from the Order of Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary also created a school – Immaculate Heart of Mary Catholic School (IHMCS).
For a period of time, IHMCS consolidated to also become part of John Ireland School. In 2013, these two legendary schools once again reunited to form a new regional Catholic school — Notre Dame Academy.
Together we build on our shared heritage of excellence and will accommodate the growing demand for Catholic Education in our community for generations to come.
School Alumni are encouraged to provide us their updated personal contact information. Please complete the following form and we will update our records. Thank you.


text:
(Colchester Road, Lawford) (Temporary Prohibition of Traffic) Order 2018
Notice ID: MF0286713
27th July 2018 to 26th August 2018
Notice is hereby given that the Essex County Council intends, not less than seven days from the date of this notice, to make the above Order under Section 14(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984. Effect of the order: To temporarily close that length of Colchester Road, Lawford in the District of Tendring, from its junction with Long Road to its junction with Station Road, a distance of approximately 1355m. The closure is scheduled to commence on 13th August 2018 for 12 days, or where stated on a valid permit (EP201EH2252715 - Essex County Council). The scheduled dates may vary for these works with appropriate signs showing and/or displayed on www. roadworks.org. The closure is required for the safety of the public and workforce while footway patching works are undertaken by Essex County Council. An alternative route is available via Long Road, Coxs Hill, Dale Hall Roundabout, Station Road and vice versa. The Order will come into effect on 3rd August 2018 and may continue in force for 18 months or until the works have been completed, whichever is the earlier.
(Hungerdown Lane, Lawford) (Temporary Prohibition of Traffic) Order 2018
Notice is hereby given that the Essex County Council intends, not less than seven days from the date of this notice, to make the above Order under Section 14(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984. Effect of the order: To temporarily close that length of Hungerdown Lane, Lawford in the District of Tendring, from its junction with Tile Barn Lane for a distance of approximately 45m in a northeasterly direction. The closure is scheduled to commence on 20th August 2018 for 2 days, or where stated on a valid permit (BC006TI002AP500260008400 - BT). The scheduled dates may vary for these works with appropriate signs showing and/or displayed on www.roadworks.org. The closure is required for the safety of the public and workforce while BT replace pole. An alternative route is available via Hungerdown Lane, Wignall Street, Harwich Road, Tile Barn Lane and vice versa. The Order will come into effect on 3rd August 2018 and may continue in force for 18 months or until the works have been completed, whichever is the earlier.
MF0286713.pdf Download
County Hall , Market Road , Chelmsford , Essex , CM1 1QH
http://www.essex.gov.uk/Pages/Default.aspx 0845 743 0430
BERNARD OWEN WATTS (Deceased)
BERNARD OWEN WATTS (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Notice effective from Fri 17 Jan 20 to Sun 16 Feb 20
(Cedar Crescent, Lawford) (Temporary Prohibition of Traffic) Order 2017
Essex County Council (Cedar Crescent, Lawford) (Temporary Prohibition of Traffic) Order 2017 Notice is hereby given that the Essex
Notice effective from Fri 5 Jan 18 to Sun 4 Feb 18
(Cedar Crescent, Lawford)
Essex County Council (Cedar Crescent, Lawford) (Temporary Prohibition of Traffic) Order 2017 Notice is hereby given that the Essex County
Notice effective from Fri 15 Dec 17 to Sun 14 Jan 18
MARGARETTE ROSELLE FREEMAN (Deceased)
MARGARETTE ROSELLE FREEMAN (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Notice effective from Fri 2 Aug 19 to Sun 1 Sep 19
IAN LAWSON (Deceased)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tacloban City (July 5) -- President Benigno Aquino III is keen on creating jobs in the country. He said so in not so many words in his inaugural address wherein he underscored the need to provide an environment conducive to business in the country so that Filipinos will no longer feel the need to look for jobs abroad.
President Aquino has basis to make the statement. He has a 22-point labor policy agenda for the Department of Labor and Employment to implement, Labor Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz said in a interview over national television station.
The strategies include addressing the labor-mismatch, investing in skills training, promoting the rights of workers and involving them in the policy-making process, strengthening tripartite cooperation, and streamlining procedures and removing red tape.
The Aquino Government will also seek to align the country's labor policies with international treaties and international labor organization conventions, review the continued deployment of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), facilitate their re-integration, address the social cost of migration, and improve coordination with aligned agencies to ensure the well-being of workers in the Philippines and in other shores.
President Aquino has expressed his desire to provide an ideal environment for business in order to make more quality jobs available to Filipinos so that they can make genuine choices and so that they will choose to stay in the country, the Labor Secretary said, citing her interview with the President days before his inauguration.
Citing the low number of strikes due to the country's very effective conciliatory machinery, the Labor Secretary said industrial peace comes from mutual cooperation of labor and management, where the parties are not adversarial and engage in a voluntary settlement of dispute.


Burney Lamar is an American professional race car driver with a net worth of $10 million. Burney Lamar has earned his net worth as a professional driver in both the NASCAR Nationwide Series and the Camping World Truck Series. Lamar who is currently a free agent began racing go-karts at the tender age of five, he went onto win a total of 25 track championships and three International Karting Federation Regional titles. At the age of 16 he started racing stock cars; he finished with 11 points at the Stockton 99 Speedway. Burney was born on August 21, 1980 in West Sacramento, California, he married model Niki Taylor on December 27, 2006 they have one daughter and Taylor has two twin sons from a previous marriage. He started racing in 2000 for the USAC Western States Sprint Car Series where he won seven top-five finishes, eleven top-ten finishes as well as setting the fast time twice in his debut season, at the end of the season he placed third in point standings and earned the honor of Rookie of the Year. Lamar's NASCAR credits include driving for Kevin Harvick Incorporated in 2005 competing in the Busch Series, Craftsman Truck Series as well as the NASCAR Grand National Division West Series. He then became a full-time racer for the Busch Series in 2006 driving the Dollar General number 77 Chevrolet. His NASCAR racing record has continued to decline and he has not raced since the 2009 NorthernTool.com 250 held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Burney Lamar (born August 21, 1980) is an American race car driver. He has driven in both the NASCAR Nationwide Series and Camping World Truck Series and is currently a free agent.
Lamar began racing go-karts at the age of 5, and won a total of twenty-five track championships and three International Karting Federation Regional titles. At the age of sixteen, Lamar started racing stock cars at Stockton 99 Speedway and finished eleventh in points. Over the next three years, he raced on many West Coast short tracks, and won the Shell Oil Tri-Track championship.
In the year 2000, Lamar began racing in the USAC Western States Sprint Car Series. He posted seven top-fives and finished third in points, winning Rookie of the Year. The following year, he joined the NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division Southwest Series, and would win Rookie of The Year that year as well. He would go on to win two races and finish second in points in 2002 as well.
Lamar signed with Kevin Harvick Incorporated in 2005, competing in a limited number of NASCAR Busch Series, Craftsman Truck Series, and NASCAR Grand National Division, West Series races. In addition to two victories in the West Series, Lamar also won the Copper World Classic at Phoenix International Raceway that season. In the Truck Series, he raced the #92 Chevrolet Silverado twice with a best finish of 21st. He qualified 8th in his Busch Series debut in the #33 Yard-Man Chevrolet, but wrecked early in that race and finished 41st. He would begin racing in the Busch Series full-time in 2006 in the #77 Dollar General Chevrolet, and began the season with a second-place finish at Daytona International Speedway. After two additional top-tens in the first third of the season, Lamar's results began to fall off, and was removed from the ride late in the season at the request of Dollar General, who wanted NEXTEL Cup drivers in the car.


Credit for the English title screen goes to FlashPV, a member from Romhacking.net's forum.
Translation and hacking is done by me.
You do realize Aeon Genesis already picked up this game (and Alpha Gaiden) right? Granted its been inactive for years, but supposedly they are 50%+ done.


text:
Schore est un petit village de la commune néerlandaise de Kapelle, sur la presqu'île de Zuid-Beveland.

Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le village a été lourdement endommagé. Ainsi, une église entièrement nouvelle a dû être bâtie. La mairie a aussi été ravagée.

À cause de cela, la commune de Schore, jusqu'alors indépendante, a cessé d'exister et a fusionné avec la commune voisine de Kapelle en 1941.

Pour les commodités comme le supermarché et le médecin, le village a surtout recours à la localité proche de Hansweert.

Personnalité native de Schore
 Jo de Roo, coureur cycliste.

Lien externe
 Schore sur le site officiel de la commune de Kapelle

Localité dans la province de Zélande
Ancienne commune dans la province de Zélande
Kapelle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a placeholder page for Doug Chapman, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Doug Chapman.
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text:
Report cites delay in aid to 2 divers who died
Employees at a pumping plant near Los Banos where two state divers drowned earlier this year were confused about how to respond and did not immediately call 911 when the pair failed to surface, according to witness accounts detailed in a state report obtained Wednesday.
The California Highway Patrol investigation report obtained by the Associated Press ruled out criminal activity in the deaths of divers Tim Crawford, 50, and Martin Alvarado, 44, instead classifying their deaths as an accident.
But the 20-page report, dated July 3, reveals that plant employees delayed calling 911 for about an hour as they contemplated whether the divers were in trouble and whether a nearby pump should be shut down.
Crawford and Alvarado drowned on Feb. 7 while doing a routine search for mussels on the metal trash grates at the Dos Amigos Pumping Plant.
The report offers no conclusion about what caused them to drown.
It said that no employee working at the plant that morning, other than the two divers in the water, was trained in diving techniques or procedures, making it nearly impossible for them to know how to respond.
The California Occupational Safety & Health Administration is still investigating the deaths.
A spokesman for the Department of Water Resources, Ted Thomas, declined to comment on the report Wednesday, citing the department's pending internal investigation.


text:
Austrian federal government commits to implementing once-only principle in new e-government plan
© Stefan Steinbauer / Unsplash / CC0 1.0
Wed, 14 Dec 2016
The Austrian Council of Ministers introduced an e-government package in November 2016 that aims at significantly extending and improving digital services of citizens and businesses. Most prominently, in the foreseeable future, official exchanges of information and deliveries of administrative decisions will be handled via a central digital mailbox. Numerous interactions between citizens and public administrations could therefore become obsolete.
As another major step, the service portal Help.gv.at has been enriched with personalization features for citizens. In the sense of a "one / no-stop shop", a digital exchange of information amongst public administrations should minimize the repeated and burdensome direct contact between citizens and the state. Before long, even the tax declaration and return will be handled by the Austrian public administration in a fully automated way as a "no-stop-shop".
To this end, existing databases are to be increasingly connected and information that is already known to one public administration should be exchanged with others according to the once-only principle. For example, data such as birth certificates, citizenship certificates, or company register extracts need no longer be submitted by the citizens concerned, but must be directly requested with their consent by a public administration from an electronic statutory register.
One of the most promising administrative process to be revamped, focusses on name and address changes. In the course of a move and the ensuing re-registration, for instance, notifications will be automatically sent to the respective local authority, while a confirmation will then be provided by to citizen without any request. Likewise, students will no longer have to submit success reports on paper for an extension of their special status.
Similarly, until 2019 the family aid application processes will be eliminated step by step, so that this aid can be granted without any request or claim by citizens and automatically extended whenever applicable based on existing data. Even today, financial aid to families with newborn children in Austria is granted in most cases without any request – after all, that facts that a baby is born, and that at least one of its parents lives in Austria, are recorded in existing registries that just needs to be able to exchange this information.
Moreover, the Austrian service portal for businesses (Unternehmensserviceportal, USP) is being expanded to reduce the administrative burden on companies. The USP is expected to integrate a majority of administrative processes for businesses in near-term, allowing to process all of their administrative information online - from notifications to the social security system and tax authorities, to the commercial registration. And, of course, with the help of electronic processing via the USP, the founding of new companies, including one-person companies, can become significantly easier and effective.
IT-Press: e-Government: Datenpotential besser ausschöpfen (22.11.2016)
ATA-OTS: Budgetausschuss: Weiterer Ausbau der Familienleistungen (16.11.2016)
ORF.at: Behördenverkehr soll verstärkt elektronisch werden (02.11.2016)
Report Plus: "Wollen Motor für die digitale Transformation werden" (07.10.2016)
electronic statutory register
help.gv.at
central digital mailbox
Once-Only
Once-Only Principle


Our Non-GMO Soy-Free Swine Feed Promotes Healthy Hog Growth Without Potential Allergens.
As more people report soy-related sensitivities and allergies, the demand for soy-free meats increases. We produce in our mill a soy-free version of our original recipe for non-GMO swine feed. We support healthy hog growth through fresh swine feed from non-GMO whole grains supplied by trusted partners, organic mineral blends, and cultivated recipes. With a proven blend of protein, fat, and fiber to encourage natural growth, our soy-free swine feed removes the allergens. Our swine feed contains no added hormones, no antibiotics, and no medications. Our mill allows us to adjust the coarseness of the grain to your specifications. We blend custom non-GMO feeds for piglets and sows on demand. We raise happy hogs on our family farm and know firsthand how critical diet is to keeping hogs healthy so that they raise healthy piglets.
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What's special about Beau's natural modelling chocolate is the high level of top quality Belgium chocolate we put in it. We never use cocoa powder. We've scoured the shelves and we can't find a modeling chocolate that has more real chocolate in it.
Want to get people talking about your cake? Why not try lime flavoured modelling chocolate?


Award-winning New Zealand writer and photographer, Neville Peat is well underway researching and writing for his latest project "The Invading Sea" and says he couldn't do it without the financial contribution he has received from Copyright Licensing New Zealand (CLNZ).
In 2016, Neville was presented with the CLNZ Writers' Award at the inaugural Writers Forum in Auckland. Neville received $25,000 towards his project, one of the highest non-fiction prizes in New Zealand literature. The book will cover the highly topical subject of climate-change science, focusing on sea-level rise and what New Zealand can do to prepare for it.
Funding for the award comes from CLNZ's Cultural Fund which derives revenue from CLNZ's licensing activity in New Zealand. The licensed copying of copyright material helps to fund the creation of new work.
I certainly wouldn't have tackled a project like this without the financial support of CLNZ.
CEO Paula Browning agrees, "the awards and grants the CLNZ Cultural Fund provides contributes to the New Zealand publishing industry by giving writers time to write and by investing in other projects that support New Zealand writing and publishing. We're delighted that this award went to a New Zealand writer who is able to bring a complex subject to both New Zealand overseas readers".
$185,000 was distributed from the CLNZ Cultural Fund in 2016.
Copyright licences enable schools to access and share print, music and audio visual content, far beyond what is permitted by the Copyright Act. A fully licensed school has the freedom to read more, hear more and see more content and use it, legally.


Experience a once in a lifetime event when you visit Sea Echo Motel in Lincoln City, Oregon. On August 21, 2017, millions of people across the United States will have the opportunity to see one of nature's most wondrous spectacles — a total eclipse of the Sun. This blackout on a Monday afternoon will be a great experience! Come and book a room with us before we are all filled up!


When Rapha appear that it was teaming up with Apple to actualize a band of bike accessories for cyclists who appetite to accumulate their electronics safe on the go, it seemed like a affair of the minds of two conspicuously style-conscious brands.
A cardinal of products—from a mini agent bag to a tech organizer—are accessible for a bound time in baddest Apple food and on Apple.com starting today, and we were able to put some of them through the analysis afore they hit shelves. Our verdict? The two brands angry out some pretty damn attractive gear, with abundant appearance and a scattering of flaws.
Rapha says it advised the Convertible tote haversack to handle the demands of your circadian bike commute while additionally actuality beautiful and ample abundant for brief travel. The pack's measurements (3 by 15 by 12 inches) anemic in allegory to what a Manhattan bike agent ability lug around, but I was able to fit my lunch, a 40-ounce baptize bottle, and two hardbound books in the capital compartment, while my laptop fit snugly into the aloft sleeve, and pens and notebooks went into two centralized zip pockets.
DWR analysis and AguaGuard zips kept the capacity dry during a torrential early-summer thunderstorm, and the down-filled added added comfort, although it provided little affirmation that my MacBook would survive safe if I hit the deck.
Indeed, there were a few areas of the bag that seemed to favor appearance over function—namely, the straps. It would accept been nice to see some of that bottomward added acclimated there, as they began to abrade afterwards a few afar of riding. Also, the alluring clasps that authority the straps calm back in tote approach attending apple-pie but can appear baffled back in motion. Nothing catastrophic, but for the money I'd accept admired article a little burlier.
In all, it's a great-looking, adequate haversack if you're spending a weekend night on the boondocks and charge some amplitude for your stuff, but for circadian use it lacks the simple functionality of article like Topo Designs' Commuter Briefcase.
Rapha creative director Alex Valdman says that the aggregation advised the Mini agent bag to advice its photographers shoot while on the move. It can absolutely authority a camera and a brace of lenses, but it's additionally one of the cleanest-looking, best anatomic handlebar accoutrements I've anytime used. On a contempo alluvium ride, I calmly fit my iPhone, my wallet, a additional tube, a cycling cap, and a brace of gels in the advanced pocket, breadth they backward barren for 50 wet and addled miles, acknowledgment to the aforementioned DWR analysis and AguaGuard zips acclimated on the backpack. The alluring clasps and abiding straps kept the bag anchored to the advanced of my bike, with about no alive about over asperous terrain, and the over-the-shoulder band calmly abrupt to the bag back I fabricated the binding midride coffee stop.
Despite its graceful looks, the bag's massive accumulator breadth calmly holds a rain jacket, a water bottle, a multitool, and a few added knicknacks. Accessing it while the bag is on the bike is tough, as the clasps block the zipper, but with such a ample advanced pocket, essentials are aural accessible reach.
Paired with the backpack, the MacBook sleeve adds an added band of aegis back benumbed through burghal traffic. It's fabricated with the aforementioned bottomward added and rainproofing, and it accommodated my crumbling 13-inch MacBook Pro nicely. (There are additionally 12- and 15-inch sleeves available.) One convenient affection it lacks is a backpack handle, but I assumption that's what the haversack is for.
Aside from the added and appearance colors (the sleeve and added articles appear in blue, black, and yellow, with pink and gray accents), there is actual little to analyze this sleeve from the dozens of others on the market, and $70 is a lot to invest in article that's activity to sit central a drawer or a bag best of the time.
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Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe also agreed to initiate 2+2 dialogue involving their foreign and defence ministers.
On Monday evening, Modi and Abe will hold wide-ranging talks with a focus on bilateral, regional and global issues of mutual concerns which will include exploring ways to deepen cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.
The declaration at the India-Japan Summit falls considerably short of a nuclear deal. Whatever the potential benefits of a civil nuclear cooperation agreement with Japan may be, India has not achieved them today.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Economics Minor involves the completion of Principles of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, along with four other 300- or 400-level elective courses. The Principles courses represent the building blocs and expose students to a wide array of basic economic concepts. Students then expand upon these ideas throughout the four upper level courses with direct applicability in the fields of American Economic History, Economic Development, Environmental Economics, Health or Labor Economics, Industrial Organization, International Trade, International Finance, or Money and Banking among many others.
The critical-thinking skills and analytical tools gathered as an economics minor can easily be combined with virtually any other discipline and confers the student a unique viewpoint on his or her main field of study.


text:
HomeGrandville
GrandvilleIssues in EducationSchool 2.0Arts and AcademicsState of the Arts
'These kids just really want to be singing'
By Beth Heinen Bell
In-person choir students run through their physical and vocal warm-ups in the middle school auditorium at the beginning of class
Grandville — Aliyah Garner and Giada Musa get very excited when talking about choir at Grandville Middle School. The two eighth-graders have been singing under the direction of teacher Rachel Niewiada for several years. Both mourned its loss in the spring, and both are thrilled to be back doing what they love.
But choir rehearsals in the age of COVID-19 have a very different look and feel.
For Aliyah, who returned to in-person learning, it means having to move from the choir room into the wide expanse of the school auditorium, trying to hear her socially-distanced classmates while singing through a mask.
And for Giada, who is learning virtually but attending classes synchronously, it means singing alone in her bedroom, trying to keep time with the on-screen Niewiada's direction despite occasional internet connection lags.
None of it diminishes their enthusiasm for the music.
Choir teacher Rachel Niewiada directs a song from the auditorium stage while her students sing along from their seats and at home
"Choir is so fun – it's a blast, and even with all the precautions we need to take, the best part is still being able to sing," said Aliyah. "Because a lot of stuff has been canceled or postponed, I'm happy to have one thing that we were able to overcome. I play volleyball and soccer too, but I wasn't able to play for, like, almost all of quarantine … So I'm just like, 'yes, I can actually do one of these things that I love.' And I feel like I'm speaking for a lot of other people on that, too."
That students like Aliyah and Giada are able to sing in school at all this year is a testament to hard work and research by Niewiada and her fellow music teachers in the district, as well as educators and scientists nationwide. As medical understanding of the novel coronavirus and its spread grew this spring, so too did reports of choirs being a vector due to aerosol particles that are generated while singing.
Determined to bring back singing in a safe manner, Niewiada made changes to her classes based on best practices by fellow teachers, including masking and moving to the auditorium in order to socially distance.
She also followed recommendations from a Colorado-based aerosols study for musicians that took place this summer. The study recommended a room's ventilation system conduct at least three air changes per hour (ACH), so Niewiada spoke with an engineer to confirm the auditorium was in compliance. (In fact, its system makes six ACHs per hour among the seats.) The study also found that aerosols began traveling farther after singing for 30 minutes. So, despite a class time of 47 minutes, Niewiada keeps to a strict limit of 30 minutes of singing time.
"It was a lot of research and a lot of changes, but we had to make sure we did everything in the best interest of students," said Niewiada, who teaches two sections each of sixth-, seventh- and eighth-grade choirs, as well as a musical theater class.
"I think it's so impressive just how well they've adapted. I really thought there was going to be a lot of pushback about wearing a mask, specifically singing with masks, but choir is an elective and these kids just really want to be singing. They're going to do what they have to do to be a part of this community."
Speaking from an in-person perspective, Aliyah said masks have helped the student singers learn more about articulation, since words can get muffled under layers of fabric. They've also been able to experiment more with different types of breathing and have learned that taking quicker, shorter breaths before the next phrase helps to keep the masks out of their mouths.
Both Aliyah and her teacher agree that the biggest challenge they're facing is being able to hear one another in the largeness of the auditorium.
"Instead of half volume you need to sing at, like, 110% volume to be able to hear each other, because you have to social distance and you need to fill up all that space that's there," said Aliyah. "Sometimes you'll get nervous, and sometimes you feel like you're the only person singing. But once you get over that, it's completely fine. I feel like everyone's trying their very, very best and eventually we'll be able to fill up the entire space."
Choir teacher Rachel Niewiada leads students through vocal warm-ups at the piano, with her virtual students watching from an iPad
Rachel Niewiada leads a sight-reading exercise from stage, with choir students both in the auditorium and on an iPad
Teacher Rachel Niewiada answers a question from one of her virtual choir students on her iPad
Distance-Plus
The challenges facing remote learners are compounded. With about 20% of each choir class attending remotely, Niewiada has gone to great lengths to keep them connected. Using an iPad attached to a tripod, she carries her remote students with her everywhere she goes – from stretches in the auditorium to vocal warm-ups at the piano to directing both sets of students from the stage. The remote students are kept on mute, but Niewiada keeps an eye on the chat feature while directing or playing the piano, to make sure she doesn't miss a question.
"I'm just like, 'yes, I can actually do one of these things that I love.' "
— Grandville Middle School eighth-grader Aliyah Garner
Alone in her bedroom, Giada said it can be "kind of awkward and weird" to sing by herself, especially because the iPad speakers aren't close enough to pick up the sounds of her classmates singing in the auditorium. If her internet connection lags, she has to close out of the program, reconnect and try to figure out where the class is in the song.
But this new approach to choir has had a few benefits as well.
"I'm kind of glad I'm alone because I can actually hear my own voice better," said Giada. "Sometimes last year I couldn't really tell when I was too low or high or off pitch, so it might be better to be online because I can hear myself way more clearly. And sometimes it's good for me to not be by my friends because I can get a little distracted.
"Even though it's weird to sing to myself, I'm getting used to it," she added. "I love singing and even through the bad times of it, I still want to sing and I still want to learn how to do things with my voice."
Singing Out, Checking In
After their 30 minutes of singing is up, Niewiada uses the extra minutes left in class to share "Good Newses" – an opportunity for the in-person and virtual students to connect and talk about neat things going on in their lives. At a time when many students are struggling or feel isolated, Niewiada said it's become an important element of class.
"It really helps to spend a bit of time focusing on their health and their emotions," she said. "Checking in with each other is clearly very important right now. And music is all about community to begin with, so we might as well start establishing that. If kids don't feel comfortable with each other, they're not going to sing."
When the time comes to perform the songs they've been working on, Niewiada plans to have each student record themselves singing their part for each song. Then she'll edit all of the videos together so that everyone will be able to hear the full choir, singing together at last.
"Kids need the arts, especially now," said Niewiada. "It's just really a great community to have, and it gives them a sense of belonging. So we're making it work."
Beth Heinen Bell is a reporter (covering Cedar Springs, Grandville, Lowell and Rockford), editor, copy editor and social media manager. She is an award-winning journalist who got her start as the education reporter for the Grand Haven Tribune. A Calvin University graduate, she later returned to Calvin to help manage its national writing festival. Beth has also written for The Grand Rapids Press, Fox 17 and several West Michigan businesses and nonprofits. She is fascinated by the nuances of language, loves to travel and has strong feelings about the Oxford comma. Read Beth's full bio
Educators have long recognized the value of music, art, drama and writing for students' creative development and academic success. Yet the arts remain squeezed by tight budgets and test-driven performance standards. The State of the Arts series highlights efforts to protect and promote school arts programs.


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Flyer Archive
UNITED VIBRATIONS
Saturday, July 19, 2014 - 20:30
"I like me some of that! Jazzie B OBE – Soul2Soul
...the best group I've seen in this country since . . . ever. United Vibrations are genuinely the most important band to come out of the UK since the big rock bands of the 60's, 70's and 80's. Daniel Crosby – Jazz Reloaded
United Vibrations are a four-piece band based in southeast London, bringing their unique style of 12Tone, Mulatto, Afro-Punk and Jazz-fusion music, influenced by Fela Kuti and Sun Ra, to a global audience. The band consists of the Dayes brothers and Wayne Francis.
United Vibrations have played alongside Seun Kuti, Tony Allen, Soothsayers, Electric Jalaba, Afriquoi, the Destroyers and the Resonators, as well as working with Aloe Blacc and recording at Maida Vale Studios with Gilles Peterson. Having released their debut album, 'Galaxies Not Ghettos' as well as 'Ra!', 'No Space No Time', 'London Bridge' & 'We Never Die EP', they are set to drop their second album in early 2014. Recently presented with the Willem Wodka 2013 Award – Grounds, Rotterdam and the Emerging Excellence Award 2013 – Help Musicians UK.
Plus DJs DR MOODY & LITTLEBOSELECTA
Doors 8.30pm - 2am
Free before 9.30pm £3 after
Attic Bar Events
The Full Moon Backpacker Hotel and Attic Bar,
1 North Street,
Stokes Croft,
Bristol, Avon BS1 3PR
Mon - Wed: 12 - 11pm
Thur: 12 - 2am
Fri: 12 - 2am
Sat: 12 - 2am
Sun: 12 - 10.30pm
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