text:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Biographical Dictionary
Consistory of December 21, 1846 (I)
(1) 1. BALUFFI, Gaetano
Birth. March 28 (1), 1788, Ancona. Patrician of Ancona. Third child of Pietro Baluffi (1762-1833), owner of a carpentry shop, and Paola Micheletti, both from Camerino. He was not of noble origin, although his family became ennobled later, but neither was he of humble condition.
Education. Studied at Seminaro-Collegio of Ancona (philosophy, theology and law); and at the University of Fano, where he obtaineda doctorate in utroque iuris, both civil and canon law, on September 2, 1820.
Priesthood. Ordained, March 9, 1811. In Ancona, literary writer; professor of rhetoric; supreme moderator of the schools of the city's lyceum; canon of the cathedral chapter; pro-vicar general of the diocese of Ancona, 1824-1833.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bagnoregio (before Bagnorea), July 29, 1833. Consecrated, August 18, 1833, church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Rome, by Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi, assisted by Costantino Patrizi, titular archbishop of Filipo, and by Gabriele Ferretti, titular archbishop of Seleucia. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, December 19, 1834. Internuncio in Nueva Granada (Colombia) and apostolic delegate in Nueva Granada and South America, except Brazil, September 9, 1836 (2); he left Bogotá on June 30, 1842. Transferred to the archiepiscopal see of Camerino, with the perpetual administration of Treia, January 27, 1842. Transferred to the titular see of Perge, April 21, 1845. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars, April 22, 1845. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1845. Transferred to the see of Imola, with the title of archbishop, September 21, 1846.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of December 21, 1846 (3); received red hat and title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, June 14, 1847.
Death. November 11, 1866, Imola. Exposed in the cathedral of Imola and buried in the cemetery of that city (4).
Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 302-309; "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 127; Castillo-Illingworth, J. Santiago. "La Iglesia en la Argentina en las Instrucciones dadas a Monseñor Gaetano Baluffi, primer Internuncio para la América Meridional. 1837." in Revista Archivum n: XX, 2001, de la Junta de Historia Eclesiástica Argentina, p. 1-22; Castillo-Illingworth, J. Santiago. " El proyecto de monarquma americana en la correspondencia del Internuncio Gaetano Baluffi. 1837" in Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesiástica Ecuatoriana, N0 19, 1999, p. 1-21; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956 . Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, p. 95; Pinilla Cote, Alfonso María. Del Vaticano a la Nueva Granada : la internunciatura de monseñor Cayetano Baluffi en Bogotá, 1837-1842, primera en Hispanoamérica. Bogotá : Fundación para la Conmemoración del Bicentenario del Natalicio y el Sesquicentenario de la Muerte del General Francisco de Paula Santander, 1988; Restrepo Posada, José. "Galería de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Historia Eclesiástica, V (January-June, 1970), pp. 172-188; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 103, 130 and 302; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 49; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 433, 537, 546, 555, 575, 585, 602, 617, 619 and 636.
Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is according to Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 302; and Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 103; all the other sources consulted say that he was born on March 29, 1788.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 103; and De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956 , p. 95; Restrepo Posada, José. "Galería de representantes de la Santa Sede en Colombia", p. 172, says that he was named on May 16, 1836.
(3) According to Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 433, he was one of the four cardinals created by Pope Gregory XVI in the consistory of April 21, 1845 and whose publication was made impossible by the death of the pope.
(4) This is the inscription in his memorial situated in the second chapel (from the doors) on the north side (the Cappella della B. Vergine delle Laudi); on the east wall thereof (opposite the memorial to Cardinal Ulisse Giuseppe Gozzadini), kindly provided by Mr. Mark West, from London:
CAIETANO BALUFFIO PATRICIO ANCONITANO
QUEM A PIO IX P · M · SUCCESSOREM SIBI IN FORI CORNELII PONTIFICATU DELECTUM
MOX OMNIUM PRIMUM INTER P P CARDINALES COOPTATUM
FOROCORNELIENSES EX QUOVIS ORDINE
OB VIRTUTES AC DOCTRINAM PER ANN · XX MAGNO OBSEQUIO ET STUDIO COLUERUNT
VITA FUNCTUM III · ID · NOVEMB · A · MDCCCLXVI
AET · LXXIX SUMMO LUCTU COMPLORARUNT
ALOISIUS SOD FRANCISCALIS CAPUI HERES AB INTESTATO MONUMNETUM EXSTARE IUSSIT
FRATRI DIGNITATE ET MERITIS EMINENTISSIMO
(2) 2. FORNARI, Raffaele
Birth. January 23, 1787 (1), Rome. Son of Francesco Fornari, official of the Roman Curia, originally from Pontremoli, and Teresa Galli.
Education. Studied at Seminario Romano, Rome; and at Collegio Romano, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in theology.
Priesthood. Ordained (no information found). Economous ad interim of Collegio e Seminario Romano, 1815; economous, 1817-1821.Professor of dogmatic theology, Pontifical Gregorian University, November 1823 to 1838. Counselor of several Roman congregations. Chamberlain of honor in abito paonazzo, 1832. Canonist at the tribunal of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, 1832-1834; its datary, 1835-1839. Chargé d'affaires of the nunciature in Belgium, 1838; internuncio, December 4, 1838 until 1842.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Nicea, January 24 (2), 1842. Nuncio in Belgium, March 21, 1842. Consecrated, April 3, 1842, at the metropolitan cathedral of St. Rombaud, Mechelen, Belgium, by Cardinal Engelbert Sterckx, archbishop of Mechelen, assisted by Cornelius van Bommel, bishop of Liège, and by François René Boussen, bishop of Bruges. Nuncio in France, December 12, 1842 (3). Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 24, 1843.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of December 21, 1846 and reserved in pectore; published in the consistory of September 30, 1850; received red hat and title of S. Maria sopra Minerva, April 10, 1851. Prefect of the S.C. of Studies from June 7, 1851 until his death.
Death. June 15, 1854, at 9 a.m., after a brief illness followed by a pernicious fever, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria in Vallicella, Rome, June 18, 1854; the funeral mass, celebrated by Cardinal Gabriele Ferretti, camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, took place in that church on June 19, 1854, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. The cardinal's remains were buried in his title.
Bibliography. Berton, Charles. Dictionnaire des cardinaux, contenant des notions générales sur le cardinalat, la nomenclature complète ..., des cardinaux de tous less temps et de tous les pays ... les détails biographiques essentiels sur tous les cardinaux ... de longues études sur les cardinaux célèbre ... Paris : J.-P. Migne, 1857 ; Facsimile edition. Farnborough ; Gregg, 1969, cols. 926-928; "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 113; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956. Pref. di Antonio Samoré. Roma : Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1957, pp. 61 and 127; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 282; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 10 and 50; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 465 and 657.
Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Monsagrati, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 49 (1997), Treccani; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana.
(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282; Berton, Dictionnaire des cardinaux, col. 927; De Marchi, Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 61; and Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 465, indicate that he was born on January 23, 1788; "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, p. 113, says that he was born on January 23, 1783.
(2) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282; De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 61; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 464, indicate that he was elected on January 25, 1842.
(3) This is according to De Marchi, Giuseppe. Le nunziature apostoliche dal 1800 al 1956, p. 127, citing Simon, Alois. Correspondence du Nonce Fornari, 1835-1842. Bruxelles; Rome, Analecta Vaticano-Belgicana, 1956, p.VII; and Weber, Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates, II, 464; Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VII, 282, says that he was named on January 14, 1843.
(3) 3. MARINI, Pietro
Birth. October 5, 1794, Rome, Papal States. Son of Neapolitan Architect Francesco Saverio Marini (+ 1817) and Irene De Dominicis. Baptized in the patriarchal Vatican basilica in 1794; his godfather was Cardinal Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti, O.S.B.Cas., future Pope Pius VII. Ancestor of Cardinal Niccolò Marini (1916).
Education. Studied letters and philosophy at Seminario Romano, from 1804 to 1810; then, at La Sapienza University, Rome, obtaining a doctorate ad honorem in utroque iure, both canon and civil law on July 24, 1816. He also obtained the title of advocate at the Roman Curia.
Early life. Civil assessor of the province of Romagna, 1817-1820, because of his family's friendship with Cardinal Alessandro Malvasia, Legate in that province. There he founded the Malvasian Accademia, which he presided in 1809. Named patrician of Ravenna by the city, 1820. Received the ecclesiastical tonsure in 1821. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, September 9, 1821. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government, March 1822. Member of the Congregation of the Fabric of Saint Peter's basilica. Auditor of the camerlengo, Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca, 1823-1824. Honorary member of the literary Academy of S. Luca, 1824. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, 1824-1825. Auditor of the Apostolic Chamber. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, October 8, 1826.
Priesthood. Ordained, May 27, 1844. Governor of Rome, vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and director general of police, April 22, 1845 until December 21, 1846.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of December 21, 1846; received the red hat, December 23, 1846; and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere, April 12, 1847. His cardinalitial motto was Ne quid nimis. Apostolic legate in the province of Forlì, October 29, 1847. Prefect of the economy of the S.C. of Propaganda Fide and president of the Camera degli Spoglie, March 18, 1852. Protector of the city of Urbino, June 5, 1852. Protector of the city of Forlimpopoli, June 9, 1856. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Signature of Justice, February 3, 1858. Protector of the city of Fabriano, December 4, 1858. Honorary member of the Accademia di Archeologia. He resided in Collegio S. Carlo ai Catinari.
Death. August 19, 1863, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Carlo ai Catinari, the funeral took place on August 24, 1863, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. Buried in his deaconry, S. Nicola in Carcere.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 124; Del Re, Niccolò. Monsignore governatore di Roma. Rome : Istituto di Studi Romani Editore, 1972, p. 127; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 55; Weber, Christoph and Becker, Michael. Genealogien zur Papstgeschichte. 6 v. Stuttgart : Anton Hiersemann, 1999-2002. (Päpste und Papsttum, Bd. 29, 1-6), V, 133; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 479, 537, 542, 563, 566, 575, 589, 612, 615, 618, 643 and 648; Zanelli, Domenico. Elogio del cardinale Pietro Marini : recitato alla pontificia Accademia di archeologia. Roma : Tip. delle Belle Arti, 1863. Responsibility: dal canonico Domenico Zanelli.
Webgraphy. Biography by Dante Marini, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 70 (2007), Treccani; his engraving and arms, Araldica Vaticana; Pietro Card. Marini, 1794-1863 : reminiscenze / di Mons. Niccolò Marini, Roma : V. Salviucci, 1902.
(4) 4. BOFONDI, Giuseppe
Birth. October 24, 1795, Forlì. Of a patrician family with liberal traditions. Second son of Count Antonio Bofondi, who was mayor of Forlì in 1791, and Marchioness Cristina Romagnoli, originally from Cesena. His last name is also listed as Boffondi.
Education. First studies at home; then, attended Collegio di Ravenna (humanities and philosophy); and finally, the University of Bologna, where he obtained a doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, in 1817.
Early life. He started practicing law at the Roman Curia. Referendary prelate of the Signatures of Justice and of Grace, February 7, 1821. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota for Romagna, March 8, 1822; became its dean, January 24, 1842. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, 1823. In 1830, as vicar general of Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca he administered the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia e Velletri. Protector of Agugliano, January 26, 1846. Pro-legate extraordinary in Ravenna, October 31, 1846 to May 1847.
Sacred orders. (No information found>.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of December 21, 1846 and reserved in pectore; published in the consistory of June 11, 1847; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Cesareo in Palatio, June 14, 1847. Member of the SS.CC. of Bishops and Regulars; and of the Tridentine Council. Apostolic legate in the city of Ferrara, August 17, 1847. Apostolic legate in the city and province of Ravenna, October 29, 1847 to January 1848. Member of the prefecture of Public Affairs of the Church, president moderator of the Supreme Council of Public Affairs, and president of the Supreme Council of External Affairs with the States, January 2, 1848. Secretary of State, February 1 to March 10, 1848. He joined Pope Pius IX in Gaeta, where he had to escape due to the Revolution of 1848, on December 6, 1848. After the restoration of the papal government in 1850, he was member of the S.C. of Studies. Prefect of the S.C. of the Census, July 11, 1850; occupied the post until his death.
Death. December 2, 1867. Exposed and buried in the church of S. Maria in Portico, Rome. The funeral took place in that church on December 6, 1867, with the participation of Pope Pius IX. There is a street in Rome named after him.
Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti", La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1876, Roma : Tipografia dei Fratelli Monaldi, 1875, p. 129; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 9 and 54; Weber, Christoph. Kardinäle und Prälaten in den letzten Jahrzehnten des Kirchenstaates : Elite-Rekrutierung, Karriere-Muster u. soziale Zusammensetzung d. kurialen Führungsschicht zur Zeit Pius' IX. (1846-1878). Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1978. (Päpste und Papsttum; Bd. 13, I-II), II, 441, 536, 538, 557, 570, 612, 617, 619, 639, 718 and 741.
Webgraphy. Biography by Giuseppe Pignatelli, in Italian, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 11 (1969), Treccani; his engraving and biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; his arms, engraving and biography, in Italian, Cathopedia; his arms and engraving, Araldica Vaticana; Il Cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi 1795 - 1867 by Ermanno Pasini, in Italian, La Ludla, Periodico dell'Associazione "Istituto Friedrich Schürr", novembre 1999, n.17, p. 4-5; All'eminentissimo principe il cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi nel giorno del suo avvenimento alla Sacra Porpora, Tommaso Sauli Sajani suo concittadino. Roma 1847. Tipografia dei Classici di Giuseppe Brancadoro Via della Gatta No. 9. Con facoltà, Google Books; Carta Topografica di Roma e Comarca Disegnata ed Incisa nell'Officio del Censo alla Scala di 1:80.000 l'Anno XVII del Pontificato di N. Signore Papa Pio IX per Ordine dell'E.mo e R.mo Presidente Cardinale Giuseppe Bofondi - Civita-Vecchia, Istituto geografico militare, 2012.
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Lakemba is a wonderful community and it was Councillor Eisler's great pleasure to congratulate them on their first anniversary of Lakemba Community Markets.The Community Centre has done a fabulous job getting these markets happening and Canterbury Council has been very supportive. They are on from 11am on the first Saturday of the month. 7th May is the next one.
had helped get the seeding money, and, sat on the committee that determined its design. It's looking terrific.
The State Government has legislation before the Upper House to give them the power to privatise railway lines. They intend to privatise the Sydenham to Bankstown line (with discussion it will go to Liverpool).
The line will be closed for 3 years. Yes, for 3 years commuters will rely on buses and cars to get to work. This will merely add to commuter time and the congestion on our roads. We have a fine railway line, so why destroy it? Why not add railway lines? How about one linking to other Inner West lines?
Read the following article on why your local train station is important to your health.


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Q: Buttons don't get disabled in java I have created a button.. I want that whenever I click on the button it first disable the other two buttons and then do other tasks that I have programmed .. but it disable the buttons at the end
Extract.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

Button1.setEnabled(false);

Button2.setEnabled(false);

obj.showData();

obj.extractClassesPackagesImports();

obj.inheritanceRelation();

obj.doubleinheritanceRelation();

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Done");

}

});

Now the above program disable the buttons after showing the message box..
can anyone figure out what's wrong here... thanks in advance

A: As @vikingsteve said, your most likely not allowing the GUI thread time to update the dialog.
If you add Thread.Sleep(1000); you will certainly see a delay between the disabling and the messagebox.
I don't understand though the utility of why it makes a difference whether the buttons are disabled before or after the dialog.
Update
I have added an additional Thread, in order to be able to utilize Thread.sleep(5000) , without freezing the Event Dispatching Thread (GUI) completely.
However, since now my code is calling showMessageDialog from a new Thread, I should make use of invokeLater.
Additionally, since the original code will allow the user to click buttons even though we are waiting for activities to finish, I believe all actions should be moved to a separate thread like this:
Extract.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {

                //Disable Buttons since we are in Event Dispatching Thread
                Button1.setEnabled(false);
                Button2.setEnabled(false);

                //Tasks moved to separate Thread
                 new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                //Perform Tasks
                                obj.showData();
                                obj.extractClassesPackagesImports();
                                obj.inheritanceRelation();
                                obj.doubleinheritanceRelation();

                                //Delay before calling message (we are delaying in separate thread to not freeze GUI completely)
                                Thread.sleep(5000);
                                //Wait 5 seconds before showing dialog

                                //Show the GUI - since GUI interaction from new Thread using invokeLater
                                SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
                                    public void run() {
                                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Done");
                                    }
                                });

                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }).start();

            }
        });

The above code adds a delay before displaying a message, while also not freezing the GUI.

A: Can you try this:
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Done");
    }
});

A: Looking at code from AbstractButton, JComponent, and RepaintManager, I conclude that setEnabled() posts a new event on the event queue, to display the disabled button.
Thus, looking at your code, the following events happen, as you describe:
EventQueue:
    Event1: {
        setEnabled(false) // queues Event2
        showMessageDialog(null, "Done")
    },
    Event2: {
        repaint() // to display the disabled button
    }

The relevant code is given below:
AbstractButton
public void setEnabled(boolean b) {
    // ...
    super.setEnabled(b);
    // ...
}

JComponent
public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
    // ...
    if (enabled != oldEnabled) {
        repaint();
    }
}

public void repaint(long tm, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    RepaintManager.currentManager(this).addDirtyRegion(this, x, y, width, height);
}

RepaintManager
public void addDirtyRegion(JComponent c, int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
    // ...
    addDirtyRegion0(c, x, y, w, h);
}

private void addDirtyRegion0(Container c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
    // ...

    // Queue a Runnable to invoke paintDirtyRegions and
    // validateInvalidComponents.
    scheduleProcessingRunnable();
}

If you want the button to be displayed as disabled before you show the dialog, the solution, as @vikingsteve pointed out, is to use SwingUtilities.invokeLater().
extract.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        button1.setEnabled(false);
        button2.setEnabled(false);
        obj.showData();
        obj.extractClassesPackagesImports();
        obj.inheritanceRelation();
        obj.doubleinheritanceRelation();
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Done");
            }
        });
    }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I recently read philosopher of science Tim Maudlin's book Philosophy of Physics: Space and Time and thought it was marvellous, so I was expecting good things when I came to read Maudlin's article for Aeon Magazine titled "The calibrated cosmos: Is our universe fine-tuned for the existence of life – or does it just look that way from where we're sitting?". I've got a few comments. Indented quotes below are from Maudlin's article unless otherwise noted.
Theories now suggest that the most general structural elements of the universe — the stars and planets, and the galaxies that contain them — are the products of finely calibrated laws and conditions that seem too good to be true. … The details of these sorts of calculations should be taken with a grain of salt. No one could sit down and rigorously work out an entirely new physics in a weekend.
Two few quick things. "Theories" has a ring of "some tentative, fringe ideas" to the lay reader, I suspect. The theories on which one bases fine-tuning calculations are precisely the reigning theories of modern physics. These are not "entirely new physics" but the same equations (general relativity, the standard model of particle physics, stellar structure equations etc.) that have time and again predicted the results of observations, now applied to different scenarios. I think Maudlin has underestimated both the power of order of magnitude calculations in physics, and the effort that theoretical physicists have put into fine-tuning calculations. For example, Epelbaum and his collaborators, having developed the theory and tools to use supercomputer lattice simulations to investigate the structure of the C12 nucleus, write a few papers (2011, 2012) to describe their methods and show how their cutting-edge model successfully reproduces observations. They then use the same methods to investigate fine-tuning (2013). My review article cites upwards of a hundred papers like this. This is not a back-of-the-envelope operation, not starting from scratch, not entirely new physics, not a weekend hobby. This is theoretical physics.
It can be unsettling to contemplate the unlikely nature of your own existence … Even if your parents made a deliberate decision to have a child, the odds of your particular sperm finding your particular egg are one in several billion. … after just two generations, we are up to one chance in 10^27. Carrying on in this way, your chance of existing, given the general state of the universe even a few centuries ago, was almost infinitesimally small. You and I and every other human being are the products of chance, and came into existence against very long odds.
The slogan I want to invoke here is "don't treat a likelihood as if it were a posterior". That's a bit to jargon-y. The likelihood is the probability of what we know, assuming that some theory is true. The posterior is the reverse – the probability of the theory, given what we know. It is the posterior that we really want, since it reflects our situation: the theory is uncertain, the data is known. The likelihood can help us calculate the posterior (using Bayes theorem), but in and of itself, a small likelihood doesn't mean anything. The calculation Maudlin alludes to above is a likelihood: what is the probability that I would exist, given that the events that lead to my existence came about by chance? The reason that this small likelihood doesn't imply that the posterior – the probability of my existence by chance, given my existence – is small is that the theory has no comparable rivals. Brendon has explained this point elsewhere.
I find that this sort of example is a smokescreen. Don't sweat the small numbers you get from fine-tuning calculations, we are told, because small probabilities happen all the time. Sometimes a small likelihood does imply a small posterior. Sometimes it doesn't. Which kind of case is fine-tuning? It depends on what rival theories can be offered.
… if a 'constant of nature' really is a fixed value, then it was not the product of any chancey process. It is not at all clear what it means to say, in this context, that the particular values that obtain were 'improbable' or 'unlikely'.
Again, theory and data are backwards. What we want to know is: what is the probability that the value of a physical constant in our universe was set by a process that had life "in mind", given that life-permitting universes like ours need to be fine-tuned? If the theory "the constants of nature are just fixed and that's all there is to is" fails to predict a probability for the data, then it fails to have a likelihood, fails to have a posterior and thus fails to be able to be investigated rationally and should be rejected.
It can be emotionally difficult to absorb the radical contingency of humanity. … Nicolaus Copernicus upended this picture in the 16th century by relocating the Earth to a slightly off-centre position, and every subsequent advance in our knowledge of cosmic geography has bolstered this view — that the Earth holds no special position in the grand scheme of things. The idea that the billions of visible galaxies, to say nothing of the expanses we can't see, exist for our sake alone is patently absurd. Scientific cosmology has consigned that notion to the dustbin of history. … But our modern understanding of cosmology does demote many facts of central importance to humans to mere cosmic accident … , and none of the methods for overcoming fine-tuning hold out any prospect for reversing that realisation.
Remind me: what button do you press on a telescope to measure specialness? Where is the term for relevance in the Friedmann equations? How do I build an importance filter, or an it's-just-an-accident-ometer? The question of whether the universe exists for some purpose is not a scientific question because purpose is not a scientific concept. I can't measure it, and I can't infer it from measurements alone. The argument requires a philosophical premise.
If the universe is really big, then we aren't special.
The universe is really big.
Science will give you 2, but it won't tell you anything about 1. And clearly, 1 is dubious. Why measure specialness by physical size? I've said this before: my daughter contributes nothing to the structural integrity of my house, but in the event of a fire I'm not going back for the load-bearing beams. My considerable height and weight advantage over Martin Rees does not make me more important. Earth is obviously special, since its the only known place in the universe where beings exist that know what special means and can appreciate special things. Purpose, special, relevant, and important are moral terms, and we are moral agents.
Chemical complexity requires basic atomic building blocks which are heavier than the elements of hydrogen and helium which emerge from the hot early stages of the universe. Heavier elements, like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, are made in the stars, as a result of nuclear reactions that take billions of years to complete. Then, they are dispersed through space by supernovae after which they find their way into grains, planets, and ultimately, into people. This process takes billions of years to complete and allows the expansion to produce a universe that is billions of light years in size. Thus we see why it is inevitable that the universe is seen to be so large. A universe that is billions of years old and hence billions of light years in size is a necessary pre-requisite for observers based upon chemical complexity.
I think "inevitable" is too strong, but the point remains. There is a link between life and the size of the universe, and thus a reason for a universe made to support life to be big. If the lurking presence of the divine bothers you, then consider a natural designer. If I were designing a universe for the purpose of evolving and supporting moral agents, this universe would be worthy of my consideration. It's not uniquely life-permitting, but it has its charms. In particular, the universe and its contents develop in a way that can be investigated by the life it contains, so science (and the moral good of acquiring knowledge by rational investigation) is possible.
This is an example of cosmological fine-tuning. In order for the standard Big Bang model to yield a universe even vaguely like ours now, this particular initial condition [W = 1] had to be just right at the beginning. [Another example …] The uniformity of temperature would therefore already have had to exist in the initial state of the Big Bang and, while this initial condition was certainly possible, many cosmologists feel this would be highly implausible.
This section confuses (or at least could lead the reader to confuse) two senses of the term "fine-tuning" in physics literature. Both are nicely explained by John Donoghue here. The standard use of "finely-tuned" in physics simply refers to an extreme sensitivity of a certain outcome to a certain input. For example, if a model can explain the data only if a free parameter (or initial condition) is assumed to fall within a very small range, then this worries physicists. One would prefer a model in which the data falls out more robustly. The fine-tuning of the universe for intelligent life is analogous to this, but instead of the data it is the suitability of the universe for life that is the outcome we are concerned with. Some early anthropic articles (most notably Collins and Hawking) argued that the isotropy (uniformity of temperature) of the universe is required for life. This would make the physical fine-tuning problem into a life-permitting fine-tuning problem. However, the article assumes that only critical density universes would develop isotropy, and only critical density universes would evolve galaxies and life, and both of these assumptions appear to be false. More modern fine-tuning for life articles discuss instead the fine-tuning of the level of cosmic inhomogeneity Q. The horizon problem, discussed by Maudlin, would still be a problem for cosmology even if there were no connection to life.
At first glance, the inflationary scenario seems to solve the fine-tuning problem … The constraints are so severe that some cosmologists fear one form of fine-tuning (exact initial conditions in the original Big Bang theory) has just been traded for another form (the precise details of the inflaton field).
The section on inflation is spot on, and well worth a read. Inflation is a very good illustration of how finding a theory that explains the data doesn't necessarily solve the fine-tuning problem.
In this scenario [homeostasis], the universe's dynamics do not 'aim' at any particular outcome, nor does the universe randomly try out all possibilities, and yet it still tends to produce worlds in which physical quantities might appear to have been adjusted to one another. … We can imagine discovering that some of the quantities we regard as constants are not just variable between bubbles but variable within bubbles. Given the right set of opposing forces, these variables could naturally evolve to stasis, and hence appear later as constants of nature. And stasis would be a condition in which various independent quantities have become 'fine-tuned' to one another.
This is no answer to fine-tuning at all, since one still has the question: why is the stable state towards which the universe is evolving one which permits the existence of intelligent beings? Maudlin's use of "fine-tuned" in the last sentence is quite misleading. The variables would be related to each other, but it would still require fine-tuning for these relations to produce a life-permitting universe. Homeostasis amounts to positing as-yet-unknown connections between the cosmic dials, so that they do not all move independently. But this merely exchanges the fine-tuning of the dial for the fine-tuning of the connections.
Overall, it's an interesting article from a thoughtful philosopher and well worth a read.
If you watched the challenges for the early universe conference lectures at the PI you will se Turok being asked about this and he just said well those calculations have to be wrong. He didn't explain what was wrong with them . In my opinion Maudlin should have mentioned them. I'm not saying these results are conclusive but they deserve discussion.
I have an easy argument to dispel the absurdity of Size or anything else people demand upon someone other than themselves.
all people are doing with these arguments is showing how poorly thought out their reasons are.


To raise awareness about the levels of pollution on our beaches, document and record the health of the wildlife and take plastic pellet samples to be sent off for analysis........To show the world what a fantastic privilege our marine environment is and how precious it is...........To undertake an epic journey.
There are a few people who have walked the South African coastline and none that I know of that have walked the Mozambican coastline, let alone both. The vast distance is not the challenge, for I have the time. The main challenges and possible barrier to success will be things like political stability in Mozambique, the medical risks involved with regard to physical injury and malaria. There is also the risk of crocodiles and treacherous water when crossing the many rivers that empty into the ocean. In order to mitigate the risks, I have undergone intensive survival training, wilderness first aid, rescue and navigation courses. I have also been doing extensive research, setting up emergency contingency plans, putting resources in place, and securing sponsors. I have met with scientists in order to understand what data is beneficial and who would best benefit. With only a few months to go, I am now in the final phases of preparation and starting the drive to raise funds, interest and awareness.
If you have a passion for the environment and would like to follow me on this journey or contribute in any way, if you wish to do something to help save our oceans or you have a thrill for adventure, then please feel free to contact me. When I set out on this adventure come and join me on the beach for a day, walk with me for a day or just come and have a chat. Let me share with you some of the things I will have experienced. Lets do something to make a difference and change our current behaviour towards the environment.


Dealing with diaper rash? One mom shares her tips and tricks!
It happens. Diaper rash, and especially when your child starts eating solids. (Babies are typically less apt to get a diaper rash when they are exclusively breastfed.) The question becomes, once they start getting diaper rashes, how do you choose a rash cream when you use cloth diapers?
First things first you need a cream that will not leave any kind of oily residue behind on your diapers. If this happens a build up will occur and it will lessen the absorbency of the diapers. You will also want to choose a diaper rash cream that is not staining. There are specific diaper rash creams that have been made for cloth diapers, however, if you use pocket diapers you'll still want to strip your diapers once the rash has run its course. This is because the kinds of fibers that are used in pockets are synthetic. "Stripping" diapers removes any build up or residue that might be left behind. This is usually done with the original blue Dawn soap; you know their commercials do say that they're excellent grease fighters!
If the cream is not made for use with cloth diapers you can create your own fleece liners or buy them and then that will serve as a protective barrier for the diaper. I made mine by using old fleece blankets. I took a newborn insert, laid it on the blanket and then cut around the blanket. Once I had my liners cut out I washed them in natural and unscented detergent so they would be good against my baby's skin.
You can also purchase fleece liners to use, they're inexpensive and usually very light to have shipped to you.
Simple, huh? It is. When you use your liners it is imperative that you not wash them with your diapers. Again, it's back to that oily residue issue. Also you really shouldn't wash your cloth wipes that have been used when you're using diaper rash creams and in the same load as your diapers. I have to admit that I have done this before and it didn't ruin my diapers. I wouldn't recommend doing it but we're moms and we're busy and sometimes sleep deprived so we make little mistakes!


text:
Josep Simon
E.t.s. Simon
I teach and research the history of science, technology, and medicine, while enjoying an ordinary life in València and Mexico City.
Trained in València, Oxford and Leeds, in physics, science education, history of medicine, history and philosophy of science, museology and scientific instrument studies, I subsequently worked in France, the US, Mexico, Colombia and Brazil.
My work was supported by Spanish, British, European and American fellowships. I was Resident Scholar at the Dibner Library, Fellow at the John W. Kluge Center, Marie Curie Fellow at the Université Paris Ouest, Visiting Scholar at Cinvestav, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology STS Program, the Institut d'Història de la Medicina i de la Ciència 'López Piñero', the Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, the Colegio de México, and the Universidade Federal da Bahia, and Spencer Fellow of the (US) National Academy of Education.
As for teaching, I was successively a tutor at the University of Leeds and the University of Oxford, a lecturer at the Universitat de València, an assistant and associate professor at the Universidad del Rosario, and in the way have taught as an invited lecturer in a number of history of science and science education postgraduate programs in Europe and Latin America. While in the recent past I devoted a large amount of my time to teaching, I am currently mostly focused on research and curatorship, but also teach yearly some postgraduate courses in history of science, technology and medicine.
My work is comparative and cross-national, and cuts across disciplines such as history of science, technology and medicine, history of education, book history, international relations, visual studies and scientific instrument studies.
Curator. Museu d'Història de la Medicina i de la Ciència. Universitat de València (Spain)
Visiting scholar. Centre François Viète, Université de Nantes (France). 2 weeks
Ramón y Cajal Research Fellow. Institut interuniversitari López Piñero, Universitat de València (Spain)
Visiting scholar. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino, Filosofia e História das Ciências. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador de Bahia (Brazil). 3 months
Associate Professor in History of Science, Technology and Medicine. Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá (Colombia)
Visiting scholar. Centro de Estudios Históricos. Colegio de México. 3 months (Mexico).
Visiting scholar. Museu de Astronomia e Cièncias Afins. 3 months (Brazil).
Visiting scholar. Institut d'Història de la Medicina i la Ciència 'López Piñero' 1 month (Spain).
Visiting scholar. STS Program. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 4 months (USA).
Spencer Fellow. National Academy of Education. two 6-month periods (USA)
Assistant Professor in History of Science, Technology and Medicine. Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá (Colombia).
Visiting scholar. Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas (DIE). Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV). 4 months (Mexico).
'Marie Curie' Research Fellow. Institut de Recherches Philosophiques. Université Paris Ouest, Nanterre (France)
Kluge Fellow. John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress, Washington D.C. two 3-month periods (USA)
Dibner Library Resident Scholar. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 3 months (USA)
Lecturer in History of Science. Departament d'Història de la Ciència i Documentació. Universitat de València. (Spain)
Tutor in History of Science. University of Oxford (UK)
PhD in History of Science, University of Leeds (UK)
MSc in History of Science: Instruments, Museums, Science, Technology, University of Oxford (UK)
MPhil (D.E.A.) in History of Science and Medicine, Universitat de València (Spain)
High School Teacher Certification in Experimental Sciences, Universitat de València (Spain)
Bachelor of Physics, Universitat de València (Spain)
Programa estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain)
Ramón y Cajal Fellowship. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain)
Spencer Fellowship. National Academy of Education (USA)
Cinvestav postdoctoral contract (Mexico) [declined]
Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (European Commission)
Beatriu de Pinós Postdoctoral Fellowship (Spain) [declined]
American Institute of Physics Grant-in-aid for history of modern physics and allied fields (USA)
John W. Kluge Fellowship, Library of Congress (USA)
Dibner Library Fellowship. Smithsonian Institution (USA)
CSIC-Bancaixa Fellowship (Spain)
University of Leeds PhD Research Scholarship (UK)
Fernández de Caleya PhD Scholarship (Spain) [declined]
International Summer School in History of Science Grant, Università di Bologna (Italy)
Linacre College, University of Oxford. Travel Grant (UK)
The British Council-La Caixa UK Postgraduate Scholarship (Spain-UK)
"Museos, Aulas y Política: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica en la Transición Española". Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [PID-2019-104897GA-I00] (coordinated with Jaume Sastre) (Spain)
"Information and Communication Technologies for Education in Colombia (20th-21st centuries)". Universidad del Rosario (Colombia). (with A. Vera-Márquez)
"Foundations of Educational Psychology in Colombia (1945-2017)". Universidad del Rosario (Colombia). (with A. Vera-Márquez)
Main Researcher
"Transnational Paradigm? Physics and Pedagogical Innovation in the Americas (1945-1975)". Spencer Fellowship. National Academy of Education (USA)
"The Production of Expert Knowledge in Contemporary Spain (19th-20th centuries)". Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. (coord. J.R. Bertomeu)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La Peña Blanca fou una agrupació política creada a Barcelona el 14 d'abril de 1931, el mateix dia de la proclamació de la Segona República Espanyola per l'aristòcrata i poeta Miquel de Gomis i Casas. La seva ideologia era monàrquica espanyolista defensora de la restauració d'Alfons XIII. Era formada per un centenar de membres, la gran majoria de l'aristocràcia catalana, com Lluís de Foronda i Gómez, Santiago Nadal i Gaya, Ildefons d'Ayguavives i de Solà i Joan Carles d'Ayguavives i de Solà, Enrique García-Ramal y Cellalbo, Aureli Joaniquet i Extremo, Josep Bertran i Güell baró de Viver, el comte del Montseny, i altres, molts d'ells burgesos industrials ennoblits pel rei Alfons XIII.

No passà mai del miler d'afiliats malgrat la solvència financera del grup, gràcies a les aportacions que els feia regularment el comte de Fígols. Organitzava cicles de conferències on hi intervenien polítics lligats a Acción Española, com Antonio Goicoechea i José María Pemán. El 1932 es presentà a les eleccions del Parlament de Catalunya, en coalició amb Comunió Tradicionalista en la llista Dreta de Catalunya, però només va obtenir 15.500 vots. Després d'aquest fracàs, el 1933 es van integrar en Renovación Española.

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs
 Partits catalans durant la II República

Entitats històriques de Catalunya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This month is the 250th anniversary of John Murdoch's schooling of Robert Burns, and his brother Gilbert. This anniversary is important because it celebrates the beginning of Robert Burns's schooling, without which he could never have become the great poet we know and admire. John Murdoch's educational work continues, with Burns Cottage continuing as a place of learning for people of all ages.
William Burnes was as engaged in his son's learning as Murdoch, as the tutor later recalled that Robert and Gilbert's academic success was probably 'partly owing to the method pursued by their father and me in instructing them.' These methods involved learning by rote, which is perhaps how Robert Burns was so able to quote at will later on in life.
An enthusiasm for books was another gift that John Murdoch gave Robert. Lending him The Life of Hannibal, Robert so loved the book that he en-acted excerpts of it. At this time, he is known to have begun experimenting in rhyme, calling his first attempts 'crambo-jingle' – a Scots words for simple rhymes. However, Robert's talents weren't necessarily clear from the start as his report card said 'Robert's ear is remarkably dull, and his voice untunable. Cannot get him to distinguish one tune from another'!
Nonetheless, Murdoch clearly had a close bond with the Burnes family and visited them before he moved to Dumfries in 1768. During this visit he read a book called Titus Andronicus'but with rather disastrous results as the family found the violent book a little too much and began to cry! Instead, Murdoch decided to gift them a lighter book, a comedy, called, The School of Love.
While Robert's schooling with John Murdoch ended in 1768, this period of formal schooling was to have its lasting influence through Burns's poetry, song, letter writing, and his debating activities with the Tarbolton Bachelors club. Like John Murdoch 250 years ago, the Learning Team feels passionately about education. We all in the Learning Team would like to take this chance to celebrate this important anniversary and the work carried out here at the Cottage then and now! If you'd like to find out more about what we do in the Learning Team please visit our website.
Mission Complete – Burns Heid Inn May 2015!
Here at RBBM the 'Bard's Babes' (a.k.a the Learning Team) have just finished the cleanup operation following the Burns Heid Inn, on Saturday 16th May. The event, which celebrated the cottage's history as a Victorian pub, was in association with Festival of Museums and Museums at Night and was a lot of fun!
Tables decorated for the night!
There was lots for us to do before hand though. First, the Learning Interns organised for local story tellers, performers and a local band to come along and perform during the event. They also had the difficult task of organising the pub quiz! This included creating five rounds covering everything from Burns to sport and pop culture for a mixed audience. It can be a difficult balance to strike.
A beautiful evening for our event!
We like to source local products for our events, and where else would be better than the Aryshire Brewing Co! We ordered the beautiful Scaur O'Doon Summer Ale, and the Jolly Beggars – both went down a treat on the night!
Once the beer was taken care of we needed to think about the food. Thankfully, RBBM's wonderful chef Rebecca made us some amazing Haggis and Veggie Haggis pies. Of course we also had the very popular Killie Pies too – none of these lasted long out of the oven.
On the day we arrived in sunshine to set up the cottage and Education Pavilion. We spent a few happy hours turning our classrooms into a beer hall. One of our Learning Interns bemused some tourists by wearing a tiara she had found – it didn't help she was also carrying a giant plastic rat (there was a reason for the latter!).
All part of a day's work!
A key part of the evening involves the Learning Team dressing up in historic costume! It really gets the team into the spirit of the event.
The evening got off to a great start with beautiful live music from the Twa Dugs in our barn. As visitors worked their way through the cottage they also met Rosie, from Rosie's Stories, who enthralled visiors with superstitious folk tales in the Byre. From there the Mad Poets, Robert and Alex, had the people in the Spence in raucous laughter with their song: 'The Ghost Chickens in the Sky.' Finally we had Mhairi, our Learning and Social Media Intern, taking on the role of Flora Hastings: the Burns Heid Inn landlady.
The sunny evening was relaxed and people could mill over to the pavilion for more beer and those wonderful pies! With very few spillages and lots of fun the evening was a success! But don't worry the Burns Heid Inn will reopen its doors again in the future. Museums at Night and Festival of Museum will be running across the UK again on Friday 30 – Saturday 31 October 2015 check out their website for more details.
The bar staff made sure they had a good time!
Once I started working at the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum I realised that this is only one small part of the wider Burns landscape. Part of this landscape, which I had not visited until working here at the museum, was the Bachelors Club in Tarbolton. The Bachelors Club has a different feel from Burns cottage – you have more of a sense of Robert Burns as an animated, creative and sometimes mischievous young man.
The building itself is a 17th century house in Tarbolton, Ayrshire and is just a short drive from the cottage in Alloway. In its restored state it shows an 18th century domestic interior from when John Richard and his family lived in the lower floor. The upstairs was used for functions; such as the country dancing lessons which Robert Burns enjoyed much to the distain of his father!
When you visit the Bachelors Club you start the tour on the ground floor in the 18th century interior and as you sit in the room it feels like you have stepped back in time. With little traffic noise all you can hear is the creak of people sitting on the chairs, the upstairs floor boards, and the ticking of the clock. As it was pointed out to us by Alistair, our guide, the building has a long history which both pre and superseded Burns. But it is Burns's connection to the property which has ultimately saved it.
To gain access to the upper floor you head back out and up the external stair way, the Bachelors Club itself was in the first floor room which is the same footprint as the two rooms downstairs. The upstairs space was reopened as one room when the National Trust for Scotland took on the property; prior to this the area had been divided into two rooms with a partition wall.
The space is full of Burns memorabilia, relics and nicknacks, after a few minutes of exploring I found my favourite objects – some clay pipes! While these might not seem exciting, I am a fan of them, and I loved the way they were all hanging higgity on the wall next to one of the two fireplaces. The fire places are really interesting too – Alistair explained to us that it was thought that the circles on the floor around the fire place are to help protect the inhabitants from evil spirits. This is because the fire place is always 'open' compared to the windows and doors which can be shut. This little bit of superstition is kept going by the staff at the property for 'auld' times sake.
This space is where the Club was formed by Robert, his brother Gilbert, and some friends from the parish. Other than the images of Burns and his poems on the wall you could really be sitting in the room waiting on the Bachelors Club arriving for their meeting. The Club itself is very interesting, what I found most interesting was the questions proposed for debating by the members.
The first question is one which maybe reflects the young male membership – as a poor farmer with no money, if you have a choice between a rich woman with no personality and a poor woman you love who would you choose? (Robert reportedly debated for the girl with no money!) Topics they also discussed were issues around politics, education and philosophy.
Some of the objects that can be found around the Bachelors Club !
While in the cottage you experience Burns's life as a child, the Bachelors Club introduces you to the Burns who we think we know. I felt like Burns could just saunter into the Club and start debating.
This gem in the Burns landscape is one which should not be missed, the amazing atmosphere and the knowledgeable staff brings this little building to life.
Opening times Friday to Tuesday 1pm to 5pm. This property has seasonal openings, and this year (2015) is open through to the 30th September. For more information, please click!
This entry was posted in Robert Burns and tagged 18th century, Ayrshire, Bachelors Club, Burns supper, Dancing Lessons, Debating, Gilbert Burns, National Trust for Scotland, Robert Burns, Robert Burns Birthplace Museum, Souvenirs, Tarbolton.
In this blogpost we go behind the scenes of our temporary exhibition, The Real Face of Burns, to speak with exhibition's curator, Sheilagh Tennant of Artruist (www.artruist.com). For the last three years, at RBBM, Sheilagh has been managing and curating the first rolling programme of contemporary art exhibitions to be introduced at an NTS property. But what is it like to run art exhibitions? Read below and find out!
Well I was aware that Burns's appearance seemed to be a source of fascination for both artists and the wider public and so decided to explore this. I was amazed to discover there were so few portraits of him painted while he was still alive – only five – and thought it would be interesting to invite contemporary artists to come up with new interpretations.
How long does it take to organise an exhibition like this?
People would be surprised by how long it takes to organise exhibitions – in national galleries and museums it can take several years. However for the Real Face of Burns, while I initially came up with the idea a few years ago, if we take the initial artist approaches as a starting point, the process began just over a year before the launch date.
How do you find and select the artists for the exhibition?
By visiting as many art fairs and exhibitions, going to as many degree shows as possible, as well as reading art publications – over time it's possible to become familiar with a lot of artists' work and to build up a good awareness of who is out there. In this way, when a theme is selected, artists whose practice would 'fit' with a particular theme will come to mind. I also aim to introduce new graduates whenever possible. A selection of different work in different media , all aiming to depict an aspect of the same theme, somehow always looks good together when all the artists are clearly very gifted – regardless of the age and stage of the artists. I do find it particularly rewarding to have the opportunity to nurture new talent.
What do you need to consider when arranging the display?
Well there are, of course, the practical considerations of what is physically possible within a space, safety etc. Beyond that you have to think about works which will complement each other and, while perfect symmetry isn't going to be a realistic aim, it's ideal to achieve a balance within the space.
What is your favourite thing about this exhibition?
For this exhibition the answer has to be the Reid miniature, loaned by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery – to me it is so precious because Burns himself believed this work to have offered the best likeness.
What is the most difficult thing about putting on this exhibition?
To be honest there haven't been any significant difficulties with putting on this exhibition! However I would say the most difficult aspect of all the exhibitions I have curated in this programme, which has been running for three years now, has been getting the message out to people that these shows are on and worth a visit – especially when the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum has so much else to offer too!
Come and see the Real Face of Burns before it ends on June 14th!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Art, contemporary art, Exhibition, Robert Burns, Scotland, scottish art.
This May we are hosting a very special event: the premiere of a new musical composition inspired by the works of Robert Burns. The composition is a collaboration between composer Jennifer Margaret Barker and the musical trio, Vocali3e. To find out more about how this project came to be, we spoke to Vocali3e member, Emma Versteeg.
How did this collaboration between Vocali3e and Jennifer Margaret Barker begin?
Vocali3e were part of the Made in Scotland showcase at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2013 performing a programme called "Atlantic Crossings" – celebrating creative collaborations between Scotland and America. One of the pieces performed was "Na Tri Peathraichean" (The Three Sisters) by Jennifer Margaret Barker – discovered by our pianist on an internet search for appropriate music! Ms. Barker was able to attend the concert and we kept in touch after that first meeting. Once the idea of a commission started to grow, we knew we wanted Jennifer to write it for us as we loved her music. She also has a connection to Scotland having been born and bought up here.
We have always loved the poetry of Robert Burns and have performed settings of his words by Haydn and Amy Beach. The poetry is so appealing and lends itself very well to music. Apart from Haydn and Burns there are not many classical settings of Burns in the original language. We found a set of 4 poems that worked well together and that was the decision made! We also liked the idea of continuing our Scottish/American links which began in the Made in Scotland Programme (Ms. Barker now lives and works in Delaware).
What are the key themes and ideas behind the piece?
The key theme is love. The 4 poems we have chosen ("I'm o'er young to marry yet", "The Gallant Weaver", "The seventh of November" and "What can a lassie do wi' an auld man") were not written at the same time, or originally linked, but the composer has drawn them together beautifully. We see different aspects of love through the song cycle, following a lassie's journey – although not necessarily the same lass. It's perhaps more like pictures at an exhibition – snapshots of different relationships at different moments in time. Ms. Barker has kept a folk-like feel to many of the melodies but also used some wonderful word-painting effects, drama and comedy. Jennifer can explain it better than I can! – "The more I worked with each song text, the more I discovered a myriad of emotions and feelings contained within. I therefore strove to address these elements through word-painting as well as musical colours and textures, while maintaining a singular and cohesive atmosphere or aesthetic for each song, and for the cycle as a whole".
How long has it taken from initial concept to the completed composition?
We first had the idea to commission a piece back in 2013. We were successful in obtaining the funding at the end of last year, and Jennifer began writing in December 2014. The piece was completed at the beginning of March.
What did you find most challenging about the project?
As with many projects, one of the most challenging things was to secure funding. However we are delighted to have done so and are really grateful to Creative Scotland and the Jean Armour Burns Trust for supporting us.
What is the best thing about the project?
That is very difficult to say! I think I would say 2 things – the creation of a new work, and the chance to inspire young people. I think new work is always great because it gets such different reactions from people and is a great discussion point, so I hope that we inspire many people of all ages, but I think that working with young people on music, and inspiring them creatively is really special. None of Vocali3e would be here if we hadn't had that at some point!
Come to the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum on May 24th to experience this awesome musical event! More information and tickets can be found here!


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Royal Travel
Modes of travel and travelling accessories used by monarchs past and present
Travel in Britain - Official and Private
Overseas Excursions
In the sixteenth century, monarchs like Henry VIII and Elizabeth I might have covered a mere ten miles a day when travelling. Unreliable roads, changeable weather and a large entourage all combined to make journeys on horseback slow and difficult. In the reigns that followed, improvements in carriage design helped to make travel more comfortable. Many innovations, such as lighter suspension, heating devices and in-built lighting can be seen in the carriages kept at the Royal Mews today.
Portrait photograph of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841-1910), 1890 ©
Portrait photograph of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841-1910), 1890
Passage by sea offered a faster alternative to travel over land. Charles II was a keen sailor, and commissioned no fewer than 27 yachts during his reign. Many were used by the King himself for racing and leisure, as well as crossing the Channel. His yacht Fubbs, built in 1682, was furnished in lavish style, including a four-poster bed with silk hangings. Watercolours in the Royal Collection show how Queen Victoria and other monarchs furnished their own Royal Yachts in subsequent reigns.
Long-distance travel became considerably cheaper and easier in the nineteenth century with the advent of the railway and the steamship, and royals began to journey further afield more frequently. Many of Queen Victoria's children undertook tours abroad to prepare them for their future responsibilities, with Albert Edward, Prince of Wales travelling as far afield as Canada, India and Egypt. Queen Victoria herself frequently made excursions to France, where she visited the Emperor Napoleon III (1808–73) and his wife Eugenie (1826–1920) in 1855. At this time a new mode of transport, the Royal Train, was established, bringing greater comfort and speed to long-distance journeys.
After Édouard Baldus (1813-89)
Train Royal
Calcutta, Bombay & Simla : Bourne & Shepherd (active 1864-1900s)
His Royal Highness and Elephant: Prince of Wales Tour of India 1875-6 (vol.6)
Dean & Co, Threadneedle St
The Royal Railroad Carriage
SS Gothic
Bippa : 107-110, Fleet Street, London EC4
HM Queen Elizabeth riding on the Victoria Line
Central Press Photos Ltd. : 6-7 Gough Square, Fleet Street, London EC4
HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH The Duke of Edinburgh arrive in Kuwait
Penley, Edwin Aaron (fl.1844–90)
Interior of the Royal Yacht, Victoria and Albert II: the Dining Saloon
HMY Britannia
Previous Steel helmet Train Royal Next


Five people were killed in a plane crash in Santa Ana, California on Sunday.
The crash occurred at around 12:28 p.m. in the parking lot near South Coast Plaza. The airplane had taken off from Buchanan Airfield in Concord, and was less than a mile from its destination of John Wayne Airport when it fell out of the sky.
All five occupants of the airplane were killed. They have been identified as Scott Shepherd, 53; Lara Shepherd, 42; Floria Hakimi, 62; Navid Hakimi, 32; and Nasim Ghanadan, 29.
Scott Shepherd was the pilot, and Lara was his wife. Navid Hakimi was also the son of Floria. Three of the victims worked as real estate agents with Pacific Union in Danville, California.
There were no deaths or injuries on the ground, although the plane struck several parked vehicles.
The plane was a twin-engine Cessna 414, made in 1973. It was registered to Category III, a real estate consulting firm in San Francisco.
The cause of the collision remains unclear; the pilot reported an emergency before the crash, but did not give any further details. The collision remains under investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board, although a full report may not be released for a year or more.


We provide a variety of activities to help create positive change in the lives of people experiencing mental health problems and to give them somewhere where they feel safe to talk about their mental health. Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter to get the latest news about our groups and courses. You can also check our Events Calendar for all the latest goings on.
Active Minds mixes a variety of dance and exercise activities to get you moving and help you get active.
ArtSpace offers a safe space for people with mental health issues to work towards recovery and good wellbeing through art and peer support.
Food in Mind is a place for people to share favourite recipes and food stories.
Do you like stories? If you'd like to listen to some great literature, then come along to Get into Reading.
Mind Gardening is transforming Heffernan House's back garden into a space for wellbeing.
Sing to be Fit combines gentle dance movements, great tunes, memory games and yoga breathing exercises suitable for all.


Today's Lowest Manufactured & Mobile Home Loan Rates!
*The mobile home mortgage rates indicated above are reflective for both purchase and refinance, using an amount to finance of $250,000. The refinance rates reflect 90% to 80% loan to value, while purchase rates reflect a 10% to 20% down payment. Both refinance & purchase programs are calculated using a loan origination fee in the amount of $2,000.00 which was financed, not paid in cash. This fee does not include 3rd party escrow fees, Flood Certification or other titling fees that may be applicable in your state and/or situation.
**The Flex Rates shown are fixed for the term listed, then are adjustable for the remaining term listed. The adjustment is determined by the One Year Libor, which represents the cost of funds between banks. After the initial fixed rate period, your rate can go up or down. Your rate cannot go up more than 2% percent in any given 12 month period and cannot exceed 5% over the life of the loan.
*The Fixed Rates are fixed for the term of the loan and cannot change for the life of the loan. They also require payment every 2 weeks via automatic withdrawal.
The example rates above reflect the purchase or refinance of a 5 year old double section home located in a manufactured home park and/or leased lot community. Homes outside of this parameter may experience higher rates and /or fees. The origination fee indicated is for example purposes only. Your origination fee may be different dependent on your situation.
Meeting the above credit score, down payment and/or equity requirements does not guarantee approval. All approvals are based on your credit history, the mobile or manufactured home, location of the mobile or manufactured home, appraisal results and income history. Rates are subject to change without notice.
*Due to the complexity of the rate & term tables listed above, the Webmaster acknowledges there may be error(s) listed above. Always confirm the appropriate rate with a staff member before making a financial decision.


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NCS Division I baseball playoffs: James Logan…
NCS Division I baseball playoffs: James Logan downs De La Salle 1-0 for championship in battle of one-hitters
By Jimmy Durkin | Bay Area News Group
The starting pitchers in the North Coast Section Division I championship baseball game both own no-hitters from earlier this year. They weren't far off that form on Monday.
De La Salle High's Logan West and James Logan's Alex Martinez matched one-hit performances, but an unearned run in the bottom of the sixth inning lifted the Colts to a 1-0 win as they captured their first NCS title since a 3A East Bay crown in 2001.
"It's about putting the ball in play in high school," Logan coach John Goulding said. "You put it in play enough, you've got a chance. They kicked one, and we benefited. We were fortunate to win, and they're a great team."
A two-out bloop double in the sixth by Pascual Flores was the only hit for the Colts (24-4). Martinez was intentionally walked, and Michael Johnson hit a slow roller to shortstop. The ball was bobbled a couple times as Johnson reached base. The throw went to third to try to catch Flores off-base, but the toss bounced out of play, allowing Flores to score.
Martinez, a sophomore, was nearly as good as when he no-hit Valley Christian-San Jose on April 28. He didn't allow a hit until the top of the sixth, when Hunter Mercado-Hood led off with a double.
"It feels a lot better than the Valley Christian no-hitter, strictly because it was a team win," Martinez said. "We came out here, and we got it done. Everybody contributed, and we were able to get the win."
West, who no-hit Foothill on April 20, suffered the hard-luck loss despite surrendering no earned runs and only the single hit. It was a bounce-back season for De La Salle (20-8), which rebounded from 2010's last-place finish in the East Bay Athletic League.
"This season has been great, way better than last season," West said. "It's a great group of kids. All in it for each other. Working hard and everyone loves each other on the team. It's a great season."
The Spartans put a runner on third in the first and sixth innings, but both chances came with two outs and Martinez worked his way out of the jams.
"Alex was just fabulous," Goulding said. "He's special. We played solid defense behind him. We've done this quite a bit, these low-scoring games. We pitch really well, play great defense, and you're going to be in every game if you do that."
Jimmy Durkin | Sports reporter
Jimmy Durkin is a former sports reporter for the Bay Area News Group.


Mud poured down the fire-scorched Malibu hills.
First came fire, then rain. As if recent devastating wildfires hadn't caused enough suffering for the beleaguered Malibu Coast wine region, an unexpected severe storm dumped an estimated 2 inches of rain on Southern California yesterday. Mud and debris flowed down from the fire-scorched Malibu hills onto the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) during the morning commute, forcing officials to close the road until late afternoon.
(The storm also dumped several inches of snow on a stretch of Interstate 5, California's main north-south thoroughfare, that passes through the Santa Monica Mountains, forcing its closure too).
The Malibu Coast American Viticultural Area (AVA), established in 2014, encompasses some 50 vineyards totaling approximately 200 acres spread out over 44,598 acres. None of the producers have winemaking facilities on site, due to local restrictions. Wines from Malibu grapes are generally produced in facilities in the Central Coast area. They are all small-production wines, sold mostly to high-end local restaurants in L.A. and consumers in the local tasting rooms or wine clubs.
The recent Woolsey fire devastated the area and hit many of the vineyards and wineries hard. Although the extent of damages and losses may not be fully known for many months, some vintners have lost everything: homes, vineyards and tasting rooms.
Dakota Semler, owner of Semler Malibu Estates and Saddlerock Vineyards, lost his house and vineyards and narrowly managed to save the exotic animals that were a part of Malibu Wine Safaris, his company that runs open-air vehicle "safaris" through his hillside vineyards.
In the days following the fires, locals and celebrities, many of whom had lost their own homes, banded together to form the Malibu Foundation to aid those who needed help the most. Gathering at the home of actor Gerard Butler and partner Morgan Brown, the celebs managed to raise $2 million to aid victims of the fire. Jamie Foxx, Sean Penn, Cindy Crawford, Rande Gerber, Pierce Brosnan, Minnie Driver and Robin Thicke, along with Butler and Brown, were among those on hand. Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth (who lost their home in the fire) donated $500,000 to the cause. The Malibu Foundation's website continues to accept donations for victims.
With the rains falling hard today, rebuilding will have to wait for now.


Dr. Hammami completed his postdoctoral research in Pediatrics at the Newborn Center of the University of Tennessee in Memphis, and then accepted a faculty appointment at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan and a research position at the Detroit Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics.
Dr. Hammami served as Executive Director of the National Arab American Medical Association (NAAMA) from 2006 to 2009. He was then appointed as the Chief of Health Operations of Wayne County Health Officer in 2009 where he oversees all health related matters in the 13th most populous county in the US.
He is a recipient of the American Medical Association (AMA) foundation "Excellence in Medicine and Leadership Award" as well as the "Health Policy Champion Award" by the Michigan Department of Community Health. He was nominated by the White House for Heroes for Health in 2013.
Dr. Hammami is a member of several professional and honor societies and has been an invited speaker nationally and internationally on various topics.


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Working with a Global Mindset on the U.S. – Turkey Commercial Highway
Culture Curious Global Minds, Uncategorized
Turkey, United States
Did you sign up for our upcoming event "Working with a Global Mindset on the U.S. – Turkey Commercial Highway"?
he Turkish Statistical Institute announced a 7.4% growth rate earlier this year. Oya Narin, the Head of Turkish Tourism Investors Association said in an interview that 2018 will be a time for transition and rise for Turkey. Turkish investors and business people continue exploring U.S. markets via personal trips, trade missions and the SelectUSA Conferences. At the same time, economic analysts express concerns about key financial indicators of Turkey.
The value of a global mindset is amplified in our interconnected world especially when stakes are high. The "reciprocal understanding" through the global mindset enables us to build relationships, communicate effectively, give feedback, negotiate and solve conflicts to achieve desirable results across cultural, administrative, geographic and economic divides.
Experience exchange and being well informed are critical when working in new markets. Members of the American Turkish Council (ATC) can register at ATC member rate. The participation of business people with and without experience in this bilateral relationship will enrich the content and functionality of this webinar. We hope for a diverse attendance.
Did you know? Some Facts about Business in Turkey
There are over a thousand U.S. businesses doing business in Turkey. Large American companies like GE, Pfizer, Merck, P & G, Unilever, Coca Cola, Pepsi, IBM, Hilton, Ford have had headquarters in Turkey for many years with GE since the 1940s. More recent additions are Microsoft, Amgen and Amazon. Many of these firms have their regional operations in Turkey.
Turkish Airlines flies to the highest number of international destinations in the world. The airline has ranked as the best European airline for consecutive years and its philosophy is "Globally Yours".
Turkish people are proud of (emotionally connected to) their brands. They've trusted the now internationally growing brands like Ülker (food), Arçelik (appliances), Mavi Jeans (textiles and fashion), Doğan Construction (construction) and Turkish Airlines (airlines) for decades.
Forty percent of small and mid-size businesses are involved in trade in Turkey. Many of these are dynamic family businesses with much experience in European and Asian markets looking to grow through bilateral and international collaborations. Turkey has also moved up on the Bloomberg Innovation Index. The geographic distance that gets perceived strongly and mentioned much more often than cultural differences by traditional small and mid-size businesses doesn't appear to be a challenge to the innovation community of Turkey.
People address each other with Mr. And Ms. titles for a long time into the relationship or until a mutual agreement is made for first name basis. We will discuss this topic during the webinar.
Did you know? Some Facts about Business in the United States:
There are 50 states with their own rules and regulations. Many federal rules and regulations impact a foreign market entry such as the FDA regulations for incoming biotech firms. Additionally, there are many state and local rules and regulations that impact business incorporations, taxes, employment and other business areas.
Much meaning is packaged into words. You may receive a note saying "we have a 60-day cancelation policy" will remind trusted friends, colleagues and legal advisers in the United States. While understanding rules, regulations and contractual relationships raises the importance of working with good legal counsel this cultural nuance also results in helpful public content on websites and social media.
Business world and brands trusted. The business entity is expected to be a trusted institution. Brand reputation thrives through the brand promise, strategic communications and trustful customer relationships. Business leaders recognize the importance of corporate social responsibility towards the communities and the larger society.
Less than 10% of American small and mid-size businesses are engaged in international trade. Also, often times, a large portion of the trade in a company can be with only one country.
About a quarter of Fortune Global 500 are headquartered in the U.S. In addition to having businesses that were started in previous centuries on the list, the American business world is quick to send 21st Century model businesses like Airbnb, Uber and Tesla into the global business space.
Collaboration can help learn from each other and thrive internationally and globally
Being able to leverage cultural differences can result in innovation, productivity and effective global storytelling. We will compare the GlobeSmart® profiles of the United States and Turkey during the webinar. This will allow us to discuss some of the cultural nuances of the two countries. Diverse teams thrive when their leaders are educated in leading across diversity and global trends, and when team members are aware of differences and similarities.
Being able to leverage differences in business experience and geographic location can also enhance the empathy levels, relationship building capacity and global reach of diverse teams.
We recommend researching the nuances and history of this high potential bilateral relationship, and look forward to great conversations on June 6, 2018.
Unlocking the Global Mindset Energy Well: IKIGAI: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life, a book authored by Héctor García and Francesc Miralles is being discussed in the international business community, too. "Eat until you're 80% full" is one of the recommendations.


In 1998, upon revisiting my bucket list, I began drawing single-panel cartoons (aiming for 10 a week) with the sole objective of selling one to The New Yorker. At least 2,000 cartoons later, I haven't (and in fact haven't tried since about 2003), but I hope to resume that pursuit one day. In the meantime, I ended up licensing cartoons to more than 100 other publications including The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Harvard Business Review, Barron's, Good Housekeeping, the iconic Punch (in the UK), and the venerable Saturday Evening Post.
Another was The Key Reporter, the magazine of Phi Beta Kappa, the university-level national honor society for academic achievement, of which I am a member.
The first time TKR published one of my cartoons was in its spring 2001 issue, which was also the first time the magazine published any cartoon.
I found it intriguing (and, at first, strange) that the traditionally staid publication would run a cartoon and a treatise on humor in back-to-back issues. Then I realized that this defense of the value of laughing was because of me.
As a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Professor in a University School of Medicine and a practicing physician, I was distressed by the cartoon on page 16. This derogatory, abusive and near-slanderous depiction of the physician as buffoon is inexcusable and deserves an apology.
But I was thrilled at the sly way TKR chose to address the criticism. Rather than stop running my cartoons, or place any parameters on the cartoon topics I submitted, they published a thoughtful analysis on the nature of humor itself. Looking back, that seems like the only approach an esteemed organization like PBK would take.
More than thrilled, I was proud that my little cartoon (indirectly) took up so much real estate.
I am a retired professor of surgery and pediatrics, and I'd like to twit my fellow PBK for being so exercised over a cartoon which depicted a physician as a buffoon.
I found the quote from the Phi Beta Kappa alumnus of the University of Pennsylvania regarding the Reporter's Spring 2001 cartoon rather unsettling.
Both in law school and now professionally, people feel a need to share lawyer jokes with me. And you know what? I like them. I usually have the ability to top them with some of my own.
No one is above being the target of good-natured humor.


Create your free profile to begin your Kabardino-Balkariya Jewish dating experience on Jew Dating, start communicating, send winks and get introduced to local Jewish singles with a strong faith-inspired background. Jew Dating is a free Jewish dating site where you can meet local Jewish singles that live in your area. Click a city within Kabardino-Balkariya from the list below or scroll to the left to view profiles of Jewish singles directly.


Max thinks he is about to meet Stephanie on a blind date. The two have only ever communicated via an online gaming site. Stephanie turns out to be Stefan, but they enjoy their day out at the Zoo anyway and, as the day goes on, they become the best of friends. As time goes on, both start to get feelings more than of just friendship for each other and, gradually, they fall in love. 'Game On' is a book about two men falling in love with each other, but it's not as easy as just falling in love. No, there are feelings to consider and Max, after all, is straight, having had several girlfriends in the past.
I found this book to be a roller-coaster of a ride. It was rather difficult to get into, but I stuck with it and was somewhat glad I did. Then, it began to sink again and I seriously thought about putting the book down for good, but I persevered and finished it. Being a gay man, I found it hard to relate to the characters. To me, they did not seem real and did not seem to be living the life of a gay person as I know it. Yes, we all live different lives, but having been gay all my life and having many gay friends, I found it hard to relate to most of what was happening to Max and Stefan.
White certainly wrote this love story well but, in the real world as I know it, the time it took for the relationship to develop into something physical, was way too long. There were times when Max and Stefan both knew they wanted to take their relationship further, but White always put obstacles in their way. OK, I suppose that is part of the story, and for Max I can understand this with him coming to terms with the fact that he may be bisexual or gay, but for Stefan, I found the obstacles to be rather silly and raised my eyebrows wondering if such obstacles would really ever exist. Even after meeting each other many times and becoming the best of friends, and Max giving Stefan signs that he wanted to take their relationship further, White choose for Stefan to ignore all the signs which I am sure a gay man would not do.
'Game On' is a very easy read but it did not generate any emotions for me. Usually when I read a book I will feel some kind of an emotion such as happiness, sadness, anger, feeling frightened, etc, but 'Game On' failed to raise any emotions in me what so ever. Stefan would very much play the clown in the book, but the humour failed to come through the pages and make me laugh or smile. There were parts of the book which reminded me of times when a new boyfriend would introduce me to his straight friends, but it was never as easy as White made it out to be.
If you are looking for a simple straight forward love story with a slight difference, then 'Game On' could be the very book to read, but don't expect to come out of it with the feeling that you must read it again. For me it was not a book that I would talk to friends about because I would not really have an awful lot of interesting things to say about it.
Although the book was not the best of reads, I did like the author's style of writing. It was simple to follow and the story flowed along nicely. Some of the descriptions were very well written and never, at any stage, did I have to really think about what was really going on in the story. I'm not a huge fan of books where I'm not really certain what is going on, ending up having to reread whole chapters and maybe putting the book down for good, so well done to White for keeping me reading. I'll certainly read other books written by Olley White, but I won't be thinking about 'Game On' while I am reading them.
Another book review by me via Lit World Interviews (my second home).
Good Review, Mr. Hughes . . . interesting perspective from a Reader who knows.
Many thanks, Michael. Sometimes, being in the know really does help when writing a review.
I was very interested in your perspective on this book Hugh. I too like a book to have an authentic ring to it.


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I Kwazá sono un gruppo indigeno dello stato di Rondônia in Brasile. Si contano 40 individui (secondo van der Voort, 2008), e parlano una lingua del ceppo di lingue Koazá.

Storia
Sono stati allontanati dalla loro terra originaria dai fazendeiros quando venne costruita la strada BR-364 negli anni '60. La tribù Kwazá cominciò a perdere i legami culturali che integravano tutti i membri. Oggigiorni vi sono 40 persone nella tribù, che vivono nella regione sud dello stato di Rondônia.

Storicamente sono conosciuti con il nome Koaiá. I loro vicini indigeni tradizionali erano gli Aikanã, Kanoê, Tuparí, Mekens/Sakurabiat, Salamãi e altri. Questi popoli mantenevano relazioni attraverso feste e guerre, ma parlavano diverse lingue non mutuamente comprensibili. La maggior parte della gente Kwazá si è mescolata con la gente Aikanã e risiede nella Terra Indigena Tubarão-Latundê, assieme ai membri rimanenti delle tribù Aikanã e Latundê. Esiste anche una famiglia mista di Kwazá e Aikanã in una piccola zona vicino all'igarapé São Pedro.

Nome
Gli indigeni si riferiscono a loro stessi con il nome Kwazá (la 'z' è pronunciata come la 'th' inglese). Nei pochi documenti che menzionano i Kwazá vi sono nomenclature come Koaiá, Koaya, Coaiá e Quaia. È probabile che il nome 'Kwazá' e 'Koaiá' sia stato dato a loro dalle popolazioni vicine. Per esempio i Salamãi li chiamavano 'Koaiá', mentre gli Aikanã li chiamavano 'Kwazá' (con la pronuncia 'th' che non esiste nella lingua Kwazá), e i Kanoê li chiamavano 'Tainakãw'.

Il nome 'Arara' venne usato in passato da alcuni funzionari della FUNAI, e oggi viene ancora usato nella letteratura scientifica. Questa denominazione non è stata assunta e diffusa in maniera apprezzabile.

Lingua, localizzazione e popolazione
La lingua Kwazá può essere classificata come isolata. Ci sono alcune somiglianze tra questa lingua e quella dei Aikanã, Kanoê e le lingue tupi, Nambikwára, Txapakúra e Macro-Gê, molto probabilmente a causa dei contatti tra le varie tribù.

La maggioranza dei Kwazá risiedono nella Terra Indigena Tubarão-Latundê, nel municipio di Chupinguaia in Rondônia, assieme agli Aikanã. Una parte dei Kwazá si riconosce nella tribù Aikanã. Nel 1998 la popolazione della riserva contava 150 persone. Verso la fine degli anni '90 si contavano 25 persone che parlavano la lingua Kwazá, e alcuni parlavano oltre a quella lingua anche il portoghese e l'aikanã.
Nelle famiglie Kwazá che risiedono vicino al fiume São Pedro vi sono poche persone che parlano la lingua.

Alcuni risiedono nelle città (Porto Velho, Pimenta Bueno, e altre), e non parlano la loro lingua nativa. La lingua dei Kwazá è considerata come in via di estinzione, gravemente minacciata, che rischia di scomparire in un tempo relativamente breve. Nella stessa situazione si trovano le lingue degli indigeni vicini, Kanoê e Latundê.

Bibliografia
  CREVELS, Mily & Hein van der VOORT. The Guaporé-Mamoré region as a linguistic area. Em: Pieter Muysken (org.) From linguistic areas to areal linguistics, Studies in Language Companion Series 90, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 151-179, 2008.
 MALDI, Denise. O complexo cultural do Marico : sociedades indígenas dos rios Branco, Colorado e Mequens, afluentes do Médio Guaporé. Boletim do MPEG, Série Antropologia, Belém : MPEG, v. 7, n. 2, p. 209-69, dez. 1991.
 RODRIGUES, Aryon dall'Igna. Línguas brasileiras : para o conhecimento das línguas indígenas. São Paulo : Loyola, 1986.
 RONDON, Cândido Mariano da Silva. Conferencias realizadas nos dias 5, 7 e 9 de outubro de 1915 pelo Coronel Rondon no teatro Phenix de Rio de Janeiro. Comissão de Linhas Telegraphicas Estratégicas de Matto Grosso ao Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro : Typ. Leuzinger, n. 42, p. 217-9, 1916.
 RONDON, Cândido Mariano da Silva e João Barbosa de FARIA. Glossário Geral das tribos silvícolas de Mato Grosso e outras da Amazônia e do Norte do Brasil. Tomo I, Publicação no. 76 da Comissão Rondon, Anexo no 5 - Etnografia. Rio de Janeiro : Ministério da Agricultura, Conselho Nacional de Proteção aos Índios, 1948.

Collegamenti esterni
 Schede sui Kwaza su socioambiental.org

Gruppi etnici in Brasile