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Asimov's Kalgash: a planet in permanent daytime (for real this time!)
Posted on March 21, 2018 March 26, 2018 by Sean Raymond
This post is the sequel to Real-Life Sci-Fi Worlds 11: Kalgash, a planet in permanent daytime (from Asimov's Nightfall). Beware: the later parts feature rings of stars orbiting black holes (with some planets too)…
Nightfall. The classic Asimov story (and later, book) set on Kalgash, a planet that experiences permanent daytime except for once every 2049 years.
In a previous post I set up the Kalgash 6-star system according to the book:
Unfortunately, the system falls flat. The planet is not in permanent daytime. Its longest stretch of permanent daytime is only 2 months (not 2049 years!).
Sorry, Asimov, your system doesn't work. But don't worry, you are still one of my heroes! And I'm here for you. I'm going to fix the Kalgash system to make Nightfall work.
In this post I will build several different functional Kalgash systems in which the planet really is in permanent daytime. In my opinion, the last couple systems are the coolest ones I've ever engineered…
The original Kalgash system had 6 stars. That makes keeping its planet in permanent daylight seem like a complicated problem. But it's really not.
Take any old planet orbiting any old star. At any given time, half of the planet is lit up by the star. A single star has already done half our job! Even more than half, since we'll take advantage of the fact that on Earth, twilight keeps the sky bright until the Sun is about 15 degrees below the horizon. That gives us 10 hours of darkness per night (assuming the planet spins in 24 hours like Earth).
All we need is to illuminate the half of the planet that's pointed away from the central star. This is tricky, because at face value it would take a ring of stars to do this (more on that later — wink, wink).
We can create permanent daylight with just two more stars. Put those stars on opposite sides of the sky, say off in the distance at 3 and 9 o'clock in the image. Then the side of our planet pointed away from the central star is always lit up. Boom!
For this to achieve our purpose we need the right stars on the right orbits. We need stars that are bright enough to light up a planet (say, to make the surface at least 1% as bright as high noon). And they need to remain on opposite sides of the sky.
But stars can't stand still (kind of like dogs or my kids). Gravity is always sucking them in (kind of like the Sarlacc pit, but, actually, forget that, it's completely different). To make our star system stable the stars need to orbit around each other. Luckily we know how to do that (see previous posts here and here).
To maintain their opposite-side-of-the-sky configuration we want our stars to orbit as slowly as possible. This means that their orbits must be as wide as possible. Star systems are organized in a hierarchical way, with orbital sizes that follow a 1, 10, 100 pattern (rather than 1, 2, 3).
Let's go from the outside-in. In the past I've explained how the Galaxy disrupts very distant orbits. The widest plausible orbit is generally about 1,000 Astronomical Units (or AU; 1 AU is the Earth-Sun distance) but I'm feeling generous today so let's make it 3,000. That will be the size of the largest orbit in our first Kalgash system. The next-closest one will be ten times smaller, 300 AU.
We need to choose stars that will appear bright enough in Kalgash's sky. The star on the 300 AU orbit must be at least 900 times more luminous than the Sun to appear at least 1% as bright as the Sun. The star on the 3000 AU orbit must be at least 90,000 times more luminous than the Sun.
There aren't a lot of stars luminous enough to fit the bill. Let's go with a red giant like Aldebaran for the inner star and a blue supergiant like Rigel for the outer one. Here is what our Kalgash 3-star system looks like:
Of course, the stars move along their orbits so they aren't always on opposite sides of the sky. The time it takes for their configuration to change is mainly determined by the faster orbit of the closer-in star (which is why I stretched their orbits out a little farther than in the past). The red giant at 300 AU is little more massive than the Sun and takes a bit longer than 3000 years to complete an orbit. Meanwhile, the blue supergiant is more than twenty times the Sun's mass and takes more than 30,000 years. (The image is centered on the central star — in reality all the stars are orbiting each other, or more precisely, their common centers of mass).
Let's take a look at the illumination on Kalgash. As we've done in the 5-Sun Earth series, it's helpful to put Kalgash's orbit on a clock face. The blue supergiant is way off to the left (in the direction of 9 o'clock) and the red giant is off at 3 o'clock.
When the two stars are diametrically opposed there is no darkness on our planet. But the stars are moving: it takes the red giant about 275 years to pass between numbers on the clock face, and it takes the blue supergiant about ten times longer.
Our no-darkness-on-Kalgash setup only lasts as long as the red giant is between 2 and 4 o'clock. It takes the red giant 550 years to move that far. In that time the blue supergiant has shifted a little, so the two-stars-on-opposite-sides-of-the-sky configuration ends up lasting for about 600 years.
That is our first Kalgash system. And it works pretty well: 600 years without darkness is not too shabby! But we're not quite there. We haven't reached the 2000+ years of daylight like in the book. And, even worse, this system has 600 years of constant daylight but that configuration only happens every few thousand years (a little less than once every red giant orbit). Finally, when darkness falls in this system it would be very slow. Much slower than a sunset on Earth or an eclipse (which is what happens in Nightfall).
Let's build a better Kalgash system.
Let's borrow a trick from the Ultimate Engineered Solar System. In that system I showed that a ring of 42 Earths orbiting the Sun is perfectly stable for billions of years. It's weird but true!
Let's take that idea a step farther. Could a ring of Suns be stable? Yes, as long as a few conditions are met:
There must be at least seven Suns in the ring.
They must all have the same mass and be evenly spaced along the same orbit.
They must orbit something a lot more massive. After a little math it turns out that for a minimal ring of seven Suns, the central body must be at least about 1000 times more massive than the Sun.
No stars exist today that are 1000 times more massive than the Sun. What this means is that the central body must be … drum roll, please … a black hole! (Pretty much the coolest objects in the Universe!)
Let's build a ring of stars around a black hole! We'll use a black hole a few thousand times more massive than the Sun. Then we'll make a ring of 8 Suns evenly spaced along their orbit. Here it is:
The image of the central black hole is Gargantua from the movie Interstellar (Paramount/Universal)
We will use this ring of stars to provide the external illumination for our Kalgash 2 system. That means we need the planet (and its own central star) to be interior to the ring of Suns.
It is simpler if we make the planet's central star a red dwarf star. Red dwarfs are fainter than the Sun. Let's choose a half-Solar-mass star (just like for the original Ultimate Solar System). The planet orbits in the star's habitable zone at about 0.2 AU. The star's orbit around the black hole must be relatively wide to make sure that the planet's orbit is stable. Let's put it at 10 AU. The ring of stars is a bit farther out. It's perfectly stable if we make the ring 20 AU-wide.
Here is what we've got:
Again, the central black hole is an image of Gargantua from Interstellar (Paramount/Universal).
The Kalgash 2 system works! As the planet orbits the star, the red dwarf-facing side is always lit up. And its backside is never more than about 10 AU from another Sun-like star, which would provide 1% of the Sun's brightness. Boom! Permanent daylight! (Disclaimer: there are some times when the distance would be slightly above 10 AU but this is easily fixed by putting slightly more massive, brighter stars in the outer ring).
Is it possible to make the Kalgash system with a single ring of stars? Just barely if we squeeze things. For stars orbiting a black hole there is a region around a star in which the star's gravity is stronger than the black hole's. That is called the Hill radius (it's also called the Roche lobe in some contexts). For a planet to orbit a star that orbits the black hole, the planet's orbit around the star must be smaller than the Hill radius (smaller than half the Hill radius for a prograde orbit, smaller than the full Hill radius for retrograde). To guarantee stability within the ring of stars, each star must be separated from its neighbors by at least 12 Hill radii. Of course, the planet orbits within its star's habitable zone, receiving about the same amount of energy from its star as the Earth does from the Sun. Other stars are fainter by the square of the relative separation. So for the widest-possible prograde orbit at half the Hill radius, the closest stars are 24^2 = 576 times fainter than the main star. That is 5 times fainter than our 1%-as-bright-as-the-Sun cutoff. For the widest-possible retrograde planet orbit, neighboring stars are 12^2 = 144 times fainter, just below our 1% cutoff. Let's be generous and make this thing happen.
There is one more issue. Three stars in a ring do not form a line. As viewed from the middle star, the two neighboring stars are 135 degrees apart in the sky. This is 45 degrees from a straight line (which would be 180 degrees in this way of measuring). As twilight only works down to 15 degrees below the horizon, this means that there is a 15 degree-wide slice of the planet's orbit around its star in which night can fall. For 1 month every year there would be 1 hour of darkness. That's no good!
We can fill this hole by using a 12-star ring. That way neighbors are never more than 30 degrees apart on the sky.
Here is the Kalgash 3 system made with a single ring of stars:
Central black hole is Gargantua from Interstellar (Paramount/Universal).
Here is another fun variation on the ring of stars theme. Let's have the planet orbit the black hole in between two rings of stars. The inner ring of stars is 1 AU from the black hole, the outer ring is at 5 AU and the planet is in between. That gives us the Kalgash 4 system:
There are a plethora of twists on this theme. Here are a few:
With a more massive black hole, more stars could fit on the same orbit. At 1 AU you could end up with up to 104 stars per ring! (Assuming the star can never be larger than its Hill radius)
Adjacent rings of stars could orbit in opposite directions (a la Ultimate Retrograde Solar System).
The planet could orbit a star in the middle ring of a multi-ring system.
You could fill a whole system with rings of stars like I did with planets in the Ultimate Engineered Solar System.
The planet could be in a Trojan configuration with its star in a system with inner and outer rings of stars.
The inner ring could be made of red/yellow stars and the outer ring of blue stars, to give a gradient in the sky color throughout the day. Since the blue stars are much brighter than the Sun (let's take A stars that are ~10 times as luminous) the outer ring must be a little farther out, at ~20 AU. We'll keep the inner ring at 1 AU and made of Sun-like stars. Let's call this one Kalgash 5:
The list of variations goes on. And all of those possible systems would be just awesome.
There is one last detail to think about. What could make darkness fall on the planet in these systems?
The simplest situation is the Kalgash 3 system with its single ring of stars. If the planet had a large moon, it could occasionally eclipse a neighbor star and create darkness. It's questionable whether such a moon would be stable (because of tidally-driven orbital changes) but for now let's go with it. Even though these eclipses would create darkness it's not clear why darkness would only fall very rarely. Instead, eclipses should be relatively frequent, even if the moon's orbit is tilted with respect to the orbit of the ring.
The Kalgash 2 system, with an outer ring of stars, might provide a solution. Imagine that the planet in this system has two large moons. Since the central star is not within the ring there is no issue of stability of the moons. Each moon occasionally eclipses one of the stars in the outer ring. But only extremely rarely would there be simultaneous eclipses of the two closest outer stars, the only ones that could provide any significant illumination. That could explain the very rare darkness.
For systems with many rings of stars it's challenging to imagine how darkness could ever fall.
OK, that wraps us up. You might say that I "engineered" four Kalgash systems for Dr Asimov, with a multitude of possible variations. Boom!
All the settings I found to work include a ring of stars. I have not come up with a viable Kalgash solution that is not engineered in this way.
Questions, comments, words of wisdom?
The Ultimate Engineered Solar System, with details on how a ring of orbiting planets can be stable.
The first Real-life Science Fiction post about Kalgash
More on Isaac Asimov and Nightfall
The movie Interstellar (thank you for the awesome black hole image!)
Posted in Playing God with planetary systems, Real-life Sci-fi Worlds
Real-life Sci-Fi world 11: Kalgash, a planet in permanent daytime (from Asimov's Nightfall)
The Black Hole Solar System
54 thoughts on "Asimov's Kalgash: a planet in permanent daytime (for real this time!)"
MF says:
Would the black hole interfere with the light in any significant way?
Sean Raymond says:
The black hole would distort the light from stars behind it — stars on the opposite side of the ring, that is. It could in some cases create extra images of those distant stars and make them brighter, providing an extra light source.
I didn't realize that a star could be as close as 10AU to a black hole, and not be sucked in. Ref: Kalgash 2, what would be the closest it or a moon could get to the black hole, assuming it's the smallest known?
The black hole itself is tiny, only about the size of Earth. But even with a gigantic mass, a planet would need to pass very close to be torn apart, within a fraction of the Earth-sun distance (something like 5-10% of an AU by my simple calculation).
Doesn't introducing Kalgash's sun inside the ring of 8 stars throw it out of balance?
No, there is no issue with stability. Since the black hole is so massive (about 1000 Suns), the stars themselves behave like planets orbiting the Sun. So, the systems of stars orbiting a black hole in a ring is like planets orbiting a star in a ring that I discussed here: https://planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system/)
Leena Klammer says:
So how long would it take the planet to orbit around Kalgash 5?
A couple months or so.
Thanks a lot, so would there be any season on there? I am asking because I am writing a story with a similar system where there are 5 blue stars on the outside and seven yellow stars in the inner ring.
There could be some very interesting effects on such a planet.
For instance, imagine the planet is tidally locked to the central black hole. That means that half of the planet gets mostly yellow starlight (since that only comes from closer to the Sun – there would still be some blue but less). The other half of the planet would only get blue star light.
The most interesting place would be at the dividing line.
In terms of seasons, I wouldn't expect any big ones… I suppose that the poles would get less energy than the equator. And with some axial tilt there would be differences in which parts of the planet received more blue vs yellow star light so maybe that would make a difference? Plausible to imagine at least…
Sounds like a cool setting for a story — let me know if you have other questions!
Okay thanks. so would one side of the planet be hotter than the other
That depends on how you set things up — basically, how much energy the planet receives from each ring of stars. A cool aspect is that you could imagine very different types of vegetation on the two sides.
To reiterate, this all assumes that the planet rotates synchronously with its orbit, meaning that it is "tidally locked" to the black hole and it only spins once every couple months…
and the side with blue star light, the sky would be more purplish or more blue?
Hmmm… I would guess blue, but it really depends on your eyes. The appearance of your planet might be pretty interesting too (from space): https://planetplanet.net/2015/09/16/the-colors-of-other-worlds/
https://postimg.cc/qNBj4141 Thanks here is an old pic of painting with a blue sun of another world and here is the planet in my story closer up but still from space. Hope these images show. https://postimg.cc/SYCkQy7b
Ooh, those are nice!
Thanks, and here is one I just finished. This is the planet in the story https://postimg.cc/tZxs1jD5
Wow, that looks awesome!
Thanks. Would sleep be possible or needed on a planet where night never falls?
Who knows — I guess that depends on the brains of the inhabitants of your planet! Maybe they need to migrate to some special place on the planet to get some sleep once every decade?
Would this effect time such as make time move slower where they age slower?
Thanks, … or does age only affected when the planet moves around the gravity center very quickly?
Louis S. says:
Did Asimov ever write about a visitor from afar, arriving first? (Ha, ha!)
I was hoping they would name 'Oumuamua Rama instead!
agmartin says:
Some other possibilities:
You could get longer eclipses if the stars were white dwarfs orbited by giant planets.
Binary planets could shade each other, and if the continents were only on inner sides sailors traveling to distant islands could miss Nightfall and return home to collapsed civilizations with no idea what happened.
These are awesome ideas, I love them! The binary planet one definitely seems worth digging deeper into… Especially in combination with unevenly-distributed continents! Good stuff!
I also thought about having the binary planet orbit a giant planet orbiting a star in the ring to get long eclipses but didn't see how to avoid having it provide reflected light to prevent Nightfall.
Are the rings of stars stable if they are in different planes? What if you put those in different planes at much greater distances, say 10 or 100 times farther out to replicate the Stars of Nightfall?
Let's see — the rings need to stay coplanar to keep them closely packed (a la secular perturbation theory). But for 2 very distant rings I think it would be stable, although the stars/planets would be stretched into ellipses rather than circular rings, and they'd have to maintain careful spacing… So, I'm not 100% sure.
What if the planet orbited a brown dwarf? What would its temperature need to be for the sky turn blood red, perhaps with more distant stars visible through it, when the bright stars were not visible?
Shane Seward says:
Playing around with excel, calculating blackbody curves, then adding Rayleigh scattering, I believe a star with a temperature around 1500 K would have a deep red sky. But due to the opacity of various molecules cool stars are anything but blackbodies. Looking at some spectra I fthink a planet orbiting warmer star would have a red sky, perhaps something like Wolf 359. How a species that evolved under it would perceive it would depend on whether it was also lit by bluer stars. I expect a species that only had a relatively cool sun would perceive it as white or yellow the way we see our sun.
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These systems are awesome! Any habitability concerns being so close to a black hole? I guess if this was engineered then they would have cleaned things up…
Interesting paper:
Saturn's formation and early evolution at the origin of Jupiter's massive moons
Saturn scatters material as it grows some of which Jupiter captures to form its moons. Reminds me of your earlier post describing the population of the asteroid belt with water bearing asteroids.
Right — they get similar results as we did regarding contamination of the asteroid belt and inner Solar System.
I was thinking about some possible options regarding this bit about Kalgash 3:
"So for the widest-possible prograde orbit at half the Hill radius, the closest stars are 24^2 = 576 times fainter than the main star. That is 5 times fainter than our 1%-as-bright-as-the-Sun cutoff. For the widest-possible retrograde planet orbit, neighboring stars are 12^2 = 144 times fainter, just below our 1% cutoff."
Some things I came up with:
Alternate similar mass dwarf stars and red giants in the rings with Kalgash orbiting one of the dwarf stars
Kalgash orbits a close binary, two 0.5 solar mass stars have lower luminosity than one 1.0 solar mass star
Alternate 2.0 solar mass stars with 1.0 solar mass (would this still be stable?)
Letting my imagination go with the binary theme, a mix of different ratio close binaries in the star rings of Kalgash 5 could allow an interesting variety of nearby stars during the year and seasons on the planet.
Some more exotic combinations could be thrown in, for example, ongoing mass transfer between stars in a binary or a white dwarf accreting matter from its companion.
I wonder if the ring would be stable if a binary-binary pair was included.
Or tragically, one of the rings could contain a close binary neutron star that eventually spiraled together, merging and exploding, killing everyone.
astronist says:
The simplest solution would be to have a small star orbiting a large one, and Kalgash at the L1 point of the system (analogous to the Soho satellite at the Earth-Sun L1 point). But I suppose that wouldn't be stable for very long?
Spotted this on arxiv:
Mars' Growth Stunted by an Early Giant Planet Instability
Off to read.
A post dedicated to that paper is in the works…
..to be posted when the follow up paper is done?
Just scheduled for next Tues! (Next week is a 5-post week)
Kalgash orbits a large black hole, a smaller black hole is in a more distant orbit, three stars orbit the larger black hole in a 3:2 resonances with the smaller black hole (like the HIldas in resonance with Jupiter) with their closest approaches at 12, 4, and 8 o'clock.
Another cool idea. 🙂
Someone has been busy
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Roux Mathias says:
Waooh !!
This is absolutely awesome !
I'm not a scientist by any means, but I'm glad I've found this.
All my tattoos are literature references, And I cannot continue without an Asimov's one. I want a Kalgash system representation and this will help me.
Just a quick question, none of theses systems might be seen 'almost' as the book description by the Kalgash inhabitants right?
I have the choice between an almost always illuminated planet or a Kalgash almost accurate representation?
I'm currently thinking of getting another literary reference as a ratio. And a viable Kalgash system is a must-have for me.
However it seems that I have to choose between an accurate Kalgash representation or a likely always illuminated system.
Hmm, hard choice, thanks for your work!
Lena Synnerholm says:
"No darkness Kalgash for about 600 years". This is not as long as on Asimov's Kalgash. But it is long enough for civilisation to be rebuilt if people in general go mad from the darkness.
Techform says:
Actually, the original one does function very well, https://planetplanetdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/kalgash-0011.jpg?w=700
Kalgash and dovim just have to orbit Onos at the right speeds to complete a year at the same time as the binary binary system.
Alwyne Holder says:
What's the closet a system could get to a permanent day cycle whilst still having enough time to develop life? Since some of these stars are likely to go supernova in only a few million years, it would be really interesting to see what the system could look like if it had the time to develop life who experience a similar cycle (though I assume those cycles would be much less frequent and last much shorter).
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Electric cars are becoming popular. There aren't many of them, relatively; but, their sales growth rate is ten times that of conventional cars. Conventional car sales are growing at about 5% per year. Electric car sales are growing at 50% per year. Usually, early adopters attract a lot of attention, but not necessarily much momentum. That usually comes later when there are more options, more mature technology, and better economics. Plug-in cars are evidently so appealing to people that even the few versions of the early generation products are enough to convince people to switch. Depending on how a region gets its electricity, electric cars can either reduce or increase pollution (hydro versus coal plants). If they do produce more pollution, at least it is remote and more easily managed. Whether low pollution, quiet ride, or even performance is the appeal, the shift away from internal combustion engines may happen more quickly than many imagine.
This is good news as I saw a post saying that EV sales, at least in California, have flattened since 2014. In terms of coal vs renewables or hydro, the statement that EVs can increase pollution seems dubious to me. Do you have a source? It is my understanding that they always reduce pollution, even if by a little bit. Either way, they eliminate point source emissions.
I don't have the link, but I do recall it was a Scientific American article. In regions with coal-powered electricity, considering efficiencies, the pollution from the extra coal at the power plant exceeds the pollution from the gasoline that would be burned by the conventional car. The pollution shifts to the outskirts, and the total increases, but it is also more manageable because it comes from an industrial site where it is easier to use scrubbers.


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There's this one horoscope site that always seems to say eerily appropriate things. I don't usually read my horoscope, but a friend of mine has been sending it to me and it seems to fit something that is actually happening in my life.
This week's is about how to defeat a dragon. I feel that I've been alternating my tactics, trying to find out what works: brute force, stealthfully avoiding it, finding some sort of protection.
I'm discovering that my happiness is best served by pacifying the dragon with my beguiling ways.
What dragon do you have to tame?
I usually read horoscopes and laugh. It seems ridiculous that some people live their lives by the slop that some hippie pens in the 10 minutes between them and deadline. But this one makes me think.
Does your horoscope offer insight to your life?
for the entire month of february, my horoscope in the local entertainement paper was SO spot-on it was frightening!
and as it happens ... they are written by the guy that does the site you just mentioned!!!! oooooooh - the coincidence is freaky!


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Do you love to participate in outdoor sports but the heat is taking a toll of your performance or possibly preventing you from partaking at all?
Mix 5 drops of VIGOR Memoria and 1 teaspoon of salt in an empty bowl.
Fill bowl with cold wate.
Soak a piece of cloth, wring it out and store it in a bag in the fridge.
Put this bag in the cooler and use it while exercising or place the cloth around your neck.
For a quick pick me up keep with you a bottle of VIGOR Alerta Body Mist and spray freely on face and body in the heat of the day.


"An illustrated picture book autobiography in which award-winning author Yuyi Morales tells her own immigration story and her discovery of the public library."--Provided by publisher.
100 ME:PersonalName 1 $a Personal name Morales, Yuyi.
$c Statement of responsibility Yuyi Morales.
520 Summary $a Summary, etc. note "An illustrated picture book autobiography in which award-winning author Yuyi Morales tells her own immigration story and her discovery of the public library."--Provided by publisher.
600 Subj:Name 17 $a Personal name Morales, Yuyi.


text:
Matthew Mott calling on Ireland's 'free spirit' to resurrect England's campaign
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Head coach Matthew Mott struggled to explain England's "timid" approach in losing to Ireland but thinks channelling the uninhibited spirit of the boys in green can resurrect their T20 World Cup campaign.
England now need to win their remaining three Super 12s fixtures to guarantee a place in the semi-finals, starting against tournament hosts and defending champions Australia at the MCG on Friday.
They have been left little room for manoeuvre in their group and morale is low after a largely dismal display with ball and bat in a shock five-run defeat to Ireland under the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method.
While England will again have to keep a close watch on the Melbourne skies with rain forecast, Mott has urged his side to concentrate on what they can control and take a leaf out of Ireland's playbook.
"We were a bit stunned," Mott said. "We knew we didn't play at our best level. I think we were timid.
"I can't explain it but I thought that rather than being flat, I think there was just a bit of nervousness around. We need to bounce back really quickly because we've got a lot on the line.
"We don't have the luxury of losing another game, we're playing against the hosts and defending champions. Ireland had a bit of a free hit against us in a rain-reduced match.
"They came out and played with a really free spirit. And that's what we need to do from here on in when we're put in situations where there's a decision to be made. We want to take the aggressive option."
Captain Jos Buttler, his Test counterpart Ben Stokes and paceman Mark Wood all spoke frankly in what Mott termed was a "sombre" England dressing room afterwards, their first defeat in six completed T20s.
We need to bounce back really quickly because we've got a lot on the line
Matthew Mott
A misfiring batting line-up has hit just 15 boundaries in two matches so far but Mott feels they could be smarter if fours and sixes are hard to come by and take advantage of the larger outfields here.
"The intent was there, we just didn't hit the ball very well," Mott said. "In those conditions maybe twos are a better option. We need to take our medicine and make sure we turn the strike over.
"I think we've played really solid cricket over the last month. We had a bad day but we're not going to throw the baby out with the bathwater."
England are unlikely to make sweeping changes to their XI and the prospect of rejigging their batting order seems remote despite the suspicion Moeen Ali and Liam Livingstone are too low.
Stokes, batting at four, did not reach double-figures against either Afghanistan or Ireland but he has been dependable with the ball as his economy rate of 4.26 is the best by an Englishman.
"I think Ben's an incredible player for our team and a real leader in our group," Mott said. "He's been key for us, I think he's bowled some big overs, particularly in the powerplay.
"He hasn't come off with the bat yet but his career would suggest at some point somebody is going to pay the price and hopefully that's Australia. He's a world-class player, (in) T20 you miss a lot but you need match-winners and he's one."
Australia find themselves in a similar position to England in needing to win but the chance to inflict a possible knockout blow is not of utmost concern to Queenslander Mott.
"I don't need any motivation," added Mott, who left his position as Australia women's coach to take up a post with England's white-ball sides earlier this year.
"I've got a lot of friends in that group, both in the playing group and the staff, but as you find in cricket you love the one you're with. Being part of this group is very special to me.
"We're incredibly motivated and (the Ireland result) just adds to that motivation. You very rarely go through these tournaments undefeated. I expect us to bounce back really well."
Tags: CallingcampaignEnglandsFreeIrelandsMatthewMottResurrectSpirit
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text:
Badolo
(TOURIST LOCATIONS a Sasso Marconi)
Loc. Badolo 40037 Sasso Marconi BO
Tel. 051 843511 Fax 051 840802
comsasso@iperbole.bologna.it http://www.comune.sassomarconi.bologna.it
The territory of Badolo is characterized by rocky hills and mountains and its history is very ancient; this area is crossed by the so called 'Strada degli Dèi' (road of the gods), which is probably a Medieval road. A Roman underground aqueduct has been found on the spur of Ziano, in the village of Bettadizzo, not far from Badolo; this aqueduct once brought the water of the Setta river to Bologna. In the area there is also an ancient parish called Pieve del Pino, which is Medieval and it is dedicated to Sant'Ansano; it is surrounded by cypresses and located on a plateau. The church houses interesting XVII century paintings on canvas. Villa Cadestellano is in the village of Vizzano and it was erected in 1787; it is a rural building with very peculiar architectural features and its facade has two small towers. The interior is partly decorated with stuccos and with paintings in Luis XVI style, and it has a chapel with a painting depicting the vocation of St. Mathew, which was painted in 1787 by Francesco Giusti.


text:
Principal William "Roc" Haith
Posted on 31 Aug 2018 31 Aug 2018 by She Lifts Podcast
Fam!!!! Woo!!!! Like seriously, with each interview I am afforded the opportunity to get to know people that I thought I already knew.
This week's interview was FIRE and right on time for back to school season. I was granted backstage access to the one person who's office you NEVER want to see in school, the principal!! William "Roc" Haith is the Principal at Anacostia High School in Washington, DC. I had the honor and privilege of sitting down with him and discussing the importance of male role models in schools and being a student athlete.
William Haith is currently serving his native community as Principal at Anacostia High School. He has been educating for 15 years, five of which have been spent in leadership. While both levels of engagement have been rewarding, Haith prefers leadership and embraces innovative and creative leadership. He has developed himself as a leader who challenges teachers who can stretch their mindset, noting that the priority is to educate the WHOLE child.
He has a strong foothold in transitioning the fixed mindset to the growth mindset. He finds this to be supremely important, especially in the vein of educating the child as a whole. This includes the social and emotional learning aspect and trauma informed instruction which speaks to the forces external of the learning environment that have a major impact on the child. The transition between these two mindsets begins with the first step in Kotter's 8 Steps of Change Management – Communicate the Urgency. Haith believes that by presenting the data that creates a sense of urgency he can assist his team members to really get on board with the transition into a renewed mindset.
William Haith actually had no intent to teach or to take on a leadership role within the school system. His journey began as a football coach at the high school level. Through interactions with students and the influence that he was having on them, he desired to take it to the next level. He took a position as a substitute teacher and found himself inspired by the impact he had on students, both on the field and in the classroom.
This inspiration led to a fulfilling career as an educator and as a leader. Haith stressed the importance of putting the student before the athlete. He believes that there is a firm balance between the discipline and commitment in academics and sports, however, performance in the classroom is a prerequisite to performance on the field or court. There is also a level of sacrifice that must be observed. Haith mentioned a quote from "The Great Debaters" (2007) where James Farmer Jr., played by Denzel Whitaker, stated:
"We do what we have to do in order to do what we want to do"
William Haith's athletic background is very diverse. His expertise and experience make him an excellent role model for student athletes and aspiring professional athletes. Following college football, he became an undrafted free agent with the Washington Redskins. He went on to play football in both the CFL (Canadian Football League) and the AFL (Arena Football League).
William Haith is a natural born leader, no question that he would excel in his position as principal. He is committed to closing the achievement gap at Anacostia High School through comprehensive teamwork.
Haith and I discussed male role models to which he stated that they are not only a necessity in schools for males but also for females as well. He stated that students require a person whom they can trust with vulnerable information in exchange for guidance. Haith knows that he and his faculty have young impressionable eyes on them at all times and they ensure that they always model the same behaviors and courtesies they expect from the students.
Haith is an innovative leader with his sights set on student engagement. I asked him about his ideas for giving students a voice. He is already implementing ways for the students to be a part of the processes at Anacostia High School. He believes that when you collaborate with the students around their needs you will receive more support from the students. He has received tremendous feedback from this approach.
I thoroughly enjoyed this interview with William "Roc" Haith! Catch the audio of our interview on She Lifts Podcast on iTunes and SoundCloud!!!
Thanks for putting your ears on it!!
Love & Light, Fam!
Posted in Interviews, She Lifts PodcastTagged back to school, high school, interview, itunes, Podcast, principal, school, soundcloud, student athlete, teacher, washington dcLeave a comment
Poetry by Luki
I had the pleasure of interviewing an amazing and phenomenal young poet, educator and advocate. Jonte Luki Barret is a Washington, DC native with a passion for poetry and education.
Luki first fell in love with poetry at a young age when she was introduced to it by her grandmother, who is a published poet. Words of wisdom from her grandmother, "Take it really serious" provided a venue for her to express herself and to truly be honest with herself.
With her poetry, Luki aspires to travel, taking her art form on tour perform in other cities across the country. She also aspires to develop her own poetry curriculum that can be taught in schools everywhere.
Luki has been working with children for most, if not all of her life. Her love for children ignited a fire in her to make it a profession. She began volunteering at day cares and working in summer camps at a young age. Her dreams of education have led Luki to her current position of teaching in five schools in DC and one in MD where she teaches the art of poetry.
The students in Luki's class not only learn about poetry, poets – both contemporary and modern – and different types of poetry but they also gain confidence. Luki guides these kids on how to express yourself and boasts to provide opportunity to express their views put those ideas into rhyme form. Her instruction also assists the students interactions with their peers, self respect and interpersonal respect and all around life lessons.
Rasheed Copeland
Orville The Poet
Luki couldnt mention her favorite poets without mentioning her favorite poem by them and the effect that it left on her. This includes Rasheed Copeland's "My Mans and Em" and Orville The Poet's "I Prayed For You", from which she recited the first line. A few of the other poetic influences she mentioned include: Karika, Nia Jones, Jay the Jeweler, The Truth, Nuance, Maya Angelou, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, Nikki Giovanni, and Audre Lorde.
When asked about her strengths and weaknesses, Luki stated that her strength crowd control and stage presence. She feels that she doesn't challange herself enough to write about different things. To build that weakness into a strength she has began to branch out and write on different subjects including politcs and life experiences (other than love). She also recently wrote a poem in two different languages. Talk about diversity!!
Luki's first poem ever recited was also a once in a lietime experience. In the first grade, her class was visited by Maya Angelou and Luki had the honor of reciting a few stanzas of "Still I Rise" right in front of Maya Angelou! I think nervous is an understatement!! I was nervous listening to her tell me about it! Luki was concerned about reading someone else's work and do it the right way and not stumble. She described the esperience as nervewrecking. Over the years, Luki has been able to memorize her poems, but her nervousness has not subsided. She still gets butterflies and she attributes them to new faces and the worry of not knowing people may interpret what she's about to say.
Some of the best advice that Luki noted was from a good friend and fellow poet, Lamar Hill. He reminded her to take her time, gauge the audence and to use the stage well. This advice has become a staple in her performances.
"It never gets easy to bear your soul."
~Luki
Settling into her craft, Luki has found herself a lot more confident. She has not only found poetry to be an outlet and an amazing art form but it has also been an introspective experience. Luki states that she believes in herself and what she writes is true to her. She knows that she doesn't fit in anyones box. She feels comfortable with her poetry even though "it never gets easy to bear your soul". She says her poems "feel like they're prayers to God and I happen to be talking to him in front of other people". Poetry has been an amazing journey for Luki, as she has learned so much about herself through her poetry.
Make sure you are locked in on Luki's Place on FB and IG (@lukisplace) to keep up with whats going on in Luki's world.
Closing out this interview, I had no other choice but to request Luki to recite a poem! Catch the audio of our interview on She Lifts Podcast on iTunes and SoundCloud!!!
ImagePosted in InterviewsTagged applepodcast, blackgirlmagic, interview, poems, poetry, She Lifts Podcast, shelifts, sheliftspodcast, soundcloud, washington dcLeave a comment


text:
/*
 *   This file is part of SGEA - Sistema de Gestão de Eventos Acadêmicos - TADS IFNMG Campus Januária.
 *
 *   SGEA is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   SGEA is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with SGEA.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
package br.edu.ifnmg.GerenciamentoEventos.Apresentacao.Relatorios;

import br.edu.ifnmg.GerenciamentoEventos.Aplicacao.ControllerBaseRelatorio;
import br.edu.ifnmg.GerenciamentoEventos.DomainModel.Atividade;
import br.edu.ifnmg.GerenciamentoEventos.DomainModel.Inscricao;
import br.edu.ifnmg.GerenciamentoEventos.DomainModel.InscricaoItem;
import javax.inject.Named;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped;

/**
 *
 * @author petronio
 */
@Named(value = "certificadoAtividadeController")
@RequestScoped
public class CertificadoAtividadeController
        extends ControllerBaseRelatorio<InscricaoItem>
        implements Serializable {

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of FuncionarioBean
     */
    public CertificadoAtividadeController() {
        setArquivoSaida("certificadoAtividade");
        setRelatorio("CertificadoAtividade.jasper");
    }

    Inscricao inscricao;

    Atividade atividade;

    String funcao;

    @Override
    protected Map<String, Object> carregaParametros() {
        try {

            Map<String, Object> tmp = getParametrosComuns();
            tmp.put("background", getConfiguracao("DIRETORIO_ARQUIVOS") + getEvento().getCertificadoFundo().getUri());
            tmp.put("assinatura1", getConfiguracao("DIRETORIO_ARQUIVOS") + getEvento().getCertificadoAssinatura1().getUri());
            tmp.put("assinatura2", getConfiguracao("DIRETORIO_ARQUIVOS") + getEvento().getCertificadoAssinatura2().getUri());
            tmp.put("data", new Date());
            tmp.put("funcao", funcao);
            return tmp;
        } catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(ListaPresencaEventoController.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
            return new HashMap<>();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<InscricaoItem> getDados() {
        List<InscricaoItem> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
        tmp.add(inscricao.getItem(atividade));
        return tmp;
    }

    public Inscricao getInscricao() {
        return inscricao;
    }

    public void setInscricao(Inscricao inscricao) {
        this.inscricao = inscricao;
        setEvento(inscricao.getEvento());
    }

    public Atividade getAtividade() {
        return atividade;
    }

    public void setAtividade(Atividade atividade) {
        this.atividade = atividade;
    }

    public String getFuncao() {
        return funcao;
    }

    public void setFuncao(String funcao) {
        this.funcao = funcao;
    }

}


The programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) is also known as the cluster of differentiation (CD274) and B7 homolog (By-H1). It is a type-1 transmembrane protein that is involved in the regulation of humoral and cellular immune responses.
Do Solar Panels in Temecula CA Work At Night?


I purchased and downloaded them from www.crosstitch.com.
There are hardwood floors in the living and dining rooms, now, and new sheers at the windows. The sheers have machine embroidery that reminds me of free-motion quilting. I recently discovered that my great-grandmother's sewing machine was much more attractive open than closed, so I'm trying it in front of the living room windows. I'm keeping the two yellow floral chairs because they are comfortable and have nice low arms for knitting.
I bought a throw to cover one of the chairs. I thought if I liked it, I'd order another for the other one. I don't much. It's a beautiful throw, but the design is huge and only shows up well on a sofa. My daughter says putting a throw on a chair is an old lady thing to do, but it is Mama's House. I've looked for slipcovers, but haven't found any I think would fit.
On Pinterest, I've pinned all sorts of patchwork covered chairs and instructions for making your own slipcovers. I don't think I have the time or patience to do either. For now, they'll just be loud yellow floral chairs!


Mining in China is quickly plummeting down. According to the approximate estimates, from 600 to 800 thousand mining facilities have closed down during this month. The functioning of mining is directly interrelated with the hashrate of cryptocurrency. Given the speed with which the hashrate of Bitcoin is falling, there might be no future for BTC mining in China, unless the situation changes.
Major mining pools and firms in China are now suffering from huge money losses. Thus, the recent collapse of the crypto market has influenced not only the price of cryptocurrencies, but also the way of their extraction.


As a response to the expectations of patients, we organize multichannel information campaigns and take action with the aim to facilitate infertile couples to take decision concerning their treatment. There is, however, something more that we are intending to do. Our pursuit is to promote good practice and stimulate competition, which results in high quality of services; therefore, we established the IVF AGENCIES AWARD.
In order to promote those agencies which provide their patients with the best care and comfort during the treatment, we award the IVF AGENCIES AWARD. It proves the highest treatment standards and high quality of services. Faced with the dynamic growth of the IVF market, we wish to appreciate those Agencies that pay particular attention to the good of their patients in day-to-day operations and stand out in this field's key areas.


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