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A Chemical Hunger – Interlude B: The Nutrient Sludge Diet
July 23, 2021 slimemoldtimemolda chemical hunger, investigation, obesity
In his book The Hungry Brain, neuroscientist Stephan Guyenet references a 1965 study in which volunteers received all their food from a "feeding machine" that pumped a "liquid formula diet" through a "dispensing syringe-type pump which delivers a predetermined volume of formula through the mouthpiece." He devotes about three pages to the study, describing it like so:
What happens to food intake and adiposity when researchers dramatically restrict food reward? In 1965, the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published a very unusual study that unintentionally addressed this question. …
The "system" in question was a machine that dispensed liquid food through a straw at the press of a button—7.4 milliliters per press, to be exact (see figure 15). Volunteers were given access to the machine and allowed to consume as much of the liquid diet as they wanted, but no other food. Since they were in a hospital setting, the researchers could be confident that the volunteers ate nothing else. The liquid food supplied adequate levels of all nutrients, yet it was bland, completely lacking in variety, and almost totally devoid of all normal food cues.
The researchers first fed two lean people using the machine—one for sixteen days and the other for nine. Without requiring any guidance, both lean volunteers consumed their typical calorie intake and maintained a stable weight during this period.
Next, the researchers did the same experiment with two "grossly obese" volunteers weighing approximately four hundred pounds. Again, they were asked to "obtain food from the machine whenever hungry." Over the course of the first eighteen days, the first (male) volunteer consumed a meager 275 calories per day—less than 10 percent of his usual calorie intake. The second (female) volunteer consumed a ridiculously low 144 calories per day over the course of twelve days, losing twenty-three pounds. The investigators remarked that an additional three volunteers with obesity "showed a similar inhibition of calorie intake when fed by machine."
The first volunteer continued eating bland food from the machine for a total of seventy days, losing approximately seventy pounds. After that, he was sent home with the formula and instructed to drink 400 calories of it per day, which he did for an additional 185 days, after which he had lost two hundred pounds —precisely half his body weight. The researchers remarked that "during all this time weight was steadily lost and the patient never complained of hunger." This is truly a starvation-level calorie intake, and to eat it continuously for 255 days without hunger suggests that something rather interesting was happening in this man's body. Further studies from the same group and others supported the idea that a bland liquid diet leads people to eat fewer calories and lose excess fat.
This machine-feeding regimen was just about as close as one can get to a diet with zero reward value and zero variety. Although the food contained sugar, fat, and protein, it contained little odor or texture with which to associate them. In people with obesity, this diet caused an impressive spontaneous reduction of calorie intake and rapid fat loss, without hunger. Yet, strangely, lean people maintained weight on this regimen rather than becoming underweight. This suggests that people with obesity may be more sensitive to the impact of food reward on calorie intake.
In his review of the Hungry Brain, Scott Alexander provided a more concise description of the same study:
In 1965, some scientists locked people in a room where they could only eat nutrient sludge dispensed from a machine. Even though the volunteers had no idea how many calories the nutrient sludge was, they ate exactly enough to maintain their normal weight, proving the existence of a "sixth sense" for food caloric content. Next, they locked morbidly obese people in the same room. They ended up eating only tiny amounts of the nutrient sludge, one or two hundred calories a day, without feeling any hunger. This proved that their bodies "wanted" to lose the excess weight and preferred to simply live off stored fat once removed from the overly-rewarding food environment. After six months on the sludge, a man who weighed 400 lbs at the start of the experiment was down to 200, without consciously trying to reduce his weight.
This study is especially meaningful for Guyenet because he favors a "food reward" explanation of the obesity epidemic, where obesity is at least partially the result of really delicious foods that make us want to eat a lot of them. He says that foods like "ice cream, brownies, french fries, chocolate, and bacon" have the ability to "powerfully drive cravings, overeating, and eventually, deeply ingrained unhealthy eating habits." On the other hand, foods like "fruit, vegetables, potatoes, beans, oatmeal, eggs, plain yogurt, fresh meat, and seafood" are "still enjoyable but they don't have that intensely rewarding edge."
First of all, how dare he say that about potatoes. But second, while this study is not exactly the cornerstone of Guyenet's argument, it does seem especially important evidence for the food reward perspective.
We wanted to review this study when we were writing A Chemical Hunger, but we couldn't find the original paper, and since we couldn't confirm the results for ourselves, we decided not to include it in the piece.
But now, reader Sam Marks (thank you Sam!) has found us a copy of the study! Finally able to review it, we offer this special interlude for your reading pleasure. (If you want to read the study for yourself, email us and we would be happy to send you a copy.)
Before we review, however, we want to offer our initial impressions. This study was performed in 1965, which means that it was decidedly pre-obesity-epidemic. In Part I, we review the evidence that obesity rates were stable until about 1980, when they suddenly started increasing. We think that this is evidence that modern obesity occurs for different reasons than historical obesity did. The people in this study probably were not obese for the same reason(s) people are obese today, so the same rules may not apply.
In addition, studies from 1965 are not known for being super reliable. Back in 1965, sample sizes were small, teams had limited resources, and statistical analyses were more on the casual side.
STUDIES IN NORMAL AND OBESE SUBJECTS WITH A MONITORED FOOD DISPENSING DEVICE
Let's take a look and see what we can learn about a diet of "homogeneous nutritionally adequate formula emulsion" (henceforth "nutrient sludge"). To give you the full experience, we will begin by covering the paper blow-by-blow.
The authors begin by describing how they are jealous of experimental psychologists, who back in those days were still putting rats in Skinner boxes. These animal researchers could get "detailed and accurate information concerning rate of food ingestion, size of meals and intervals between feedings" by giving rats a lever which would dispense one food pellet when pushed, and using electronic monitoring equipment to record each time the lever is pressed.
To this end, the authors developed a device of their own, which dispenses food to human subjects at the press of a button, and secretly records the date and time of each "delivery" on a device "in a room remote from the subject who is kept unaware of its existence."
The feeding machine … consists of a reservoir containing a liquid formula diet. The formula mixture is constantly mixed by a magnetic stirrer.
Whenever the button is pressed, 7.4 ml. of formula are delivered directly into the mouth of the subject by the punp. [sic]
This is hilarious.
They don't say much about the nutrient sludge, only that it was "provided as 'Nutrament' through the courtesy of Warren M. Cox, Mead Johnson Research Laboratories, Evansville, Ind." and that "carbohydrate contributed 50 per cent of the calories, protein 20 per cent and fat 30 per cent."
Let's meet the participants. In this study, they tested the feeding device (yikes) on both "normal-weight" and obese people.
The first normal-weight subject studied was well suited to the feeding machine because a severe deformity of his mouth made ingestion of normal food difficult. … His daily calorie intake did not vary appreciably, averaging 3075 ± 438 (S.D.) calories per day.
A healthy 20 year-old volunteer subject also readily maintained his body weight during a nine-day period on the machine consuming an average of 4430 calories per day.
The results obtained in one individual, a 27-year-old man, are shown in FIGURE 4. Initially, he weighed 400 pounds.
The response to feeding by machine of another obese subject, a woman aged 36, is shown in FIGURE 5. [Figure indicates that she was just under 400lbs at start]
So, first of all, these subjects do not seem like typical patients. One has "a severe deformity of his mouth" and ate 3075 calories of nutrient sludge every day for sixteen days. One is a 20-year-old who ate 4430 calories of nutrient sludge every day for nine days. And the two obese patients were both around 400lbs at the start — not typical cases by any measure!
If both these obese people were six feet tall (unlikely), their BMI at the start of the study would have been 54.2!!! Recall that obese is a BMI of 30, and extreme obesity / morbidly obese is a BMI of 40 or greater. This BMI chart we found from the NIH only goes up to 54. These people were literally off the charts, and again that's assuming they are both six feet tall. If they were shorter, then their BMI would be even higher.
The sample size here is FOUR. If we only count the obese patients, the sample size is merely two. Except maybe not, because the discussion says, "The data show that the five obese subjects [emphasis added] ate only a small fraction of their daily calorie requirements by machine" (the end of p669 also suggests five obese subjects). We aren't given any specifics about these "three additional obese subjects" except that they "showed a similar inhibition of calorie intake when fed by machine." In any case, we're given very little case information about any of the seven subjects, and at the end of the day this study has two control subjects and five obese subjects (though it's not even an experiment).
We understand the benefits of case studies, but this one doesn't seem particularly likely to generalize.
Making a long story short, both "normal-weight" participants maintained their healthy weight effortlessly on a diet of nutrient sludge. The obese participants ate only a couple hundred calories per day and effortlessly lost huge amounts of weight. Somewhat strangely, the treatment periods were very different. The obese male participant lost 200 lbs after 252 days on various forms of the nutrient sludge diet, while the obese female participant was there for only 24 days and lost 23 lbs. Both patients were very obese to start with, but this rate of weight loss still seems really extreme.
This study is from 1965, and realistically, the data are from a few years earlier. As mentioned above, we think that the abrupt increase in obesity rates starting in 1980 is evidence that modern obesity occurs for different reasons than historical obesity did. The aetiology of these cases of obesity is almost certainly different from the obesity we see today, and even today, very few people are 400lbs.
Probably these people were obese for a different reason than your local bus driver with a BMI of 31. For example, they might have had a brain tumor that left their hunger response largely intact, but led them to compulsively overeat a particular food. This would explain why "the patient never complained of hunger or gastrointestinal discomfort" despite spending 26 days eating nothing but ~275 calories of nutrient sludge a day.
Even if the aetiology were the same as modern obesity, there are a few huge problems, the biggest of which is THE CUPS!!!
About the obese male participant, they say:
To determine whether the bizarre feeding situation was by itself inhibiting his food intake, he was asked (after 18 days on the machine) to feed himself the same formula ad libitum using a pitcher and cup. In the third section of FIGURE 4 it can be seen that his calorie intake increased on this program to about 500 per day [from 275 ± 57 calories per day]. He was returned to machine feeding after another 26 days and, again, spontaneous food intake dropped to a lower level.
For the obese female participant:
Her spontaneous food intake over a 12-day period of observation also was extraordinarily low, 144 ± 91 calories per day. During this time she lost 23 pounds. When she took the same formula by cup, calorie intake increased to 442 ± 190.
(Also weird: on days 11 and 17, this participant appears to have eaten about zero calories?)
For one participant, calorie intake nearly doubled when he went from drinking from the syringe-pump to using a pitcher and cups. For the other, calorie intake tripled. This makes it pretty clear that the nutrient sludge itself was only driving part of the effect (or that the measurements are hopelessly imprecise). Contra Guyenet, the palatability of the sludge doesn't seem to be the main force at play here. In addition, this is super weird.
It's also very strange that the healthy 20 year-old volunteer subject consumed 4430 calories of nutrient sludge per day (this was on average — one day, he consumed almost 5000 calories of the sludge). Their only explanation for this was, "the subject remained physically active throughout this period," but this is still a LOT of calories! The FDA recommendation for an "Active" 20-year-old man is a mere 3,000 calories (same for "Very Active" from the NIH), and this guy was slurping down almost 48% more calories per day than the recommended amount, for nine days! The other "normal-weight" participant also consumed a lot of sludge, 3075 calories per day on average, and there's no indication he was especially active.
This seems to argue against the idea that the sludge was all that unappetizing! The authors describe it as "bland", but never suggest that it was intended to be unpalatable. The detail they give is, "carbohydrate contributed 50 per cent of the calories, protein 20 per cent and fat 30 per cent. The formula contained vitamins and minerals in amounts adequate for daily maintenance." Maybe it was delicious, and the results from the two lean participants certainly seem to suggest that this is a possibility. Ask yourself this: would YOU eat 4430 calories of nutrient sludge per day if it were "bland"?
If the sludge truly was bland, this appears to be reasonably strong evidence against the food reward hypothesis! Taking this argument at face value, it seems like feeding healthy young men nothing but nutrient sludge is an extremely reliable way to make them overeat by 1000-2000 calories per day.
Alternately, the measurements could be way off for some reason. What seems more likely, that two normal-weight men decided to eat 3075 and 4430 calories of nutrient sludge every day for more than a week, and that five morbidly obese patients lost about 1 pound every day for up to 200 days, or that someone made a mistake and wrote down some of these numbers wrong? Even if the research team were 100% reliable, how good was the technology in 1965? How reliable were the pump and the printing timer? Small differences in the pump delivery doses could easily be responsible for the weird results we see. Not to sound paranoid, but was this guy really exactly 400 lbs to start, and did he really lose exactly 200 lbs over the course of the diet? Does eating 400 calories per day for 252 days pass a basic sanity check?
Also for comparison, Figure 4 (reproduced below) appears to show that the 400-lbs-obese man was eating only 2000 kcal/day of a "Regular Hospital Diet" for the eight days before going on a nutrient sludge diet. Was this how much he normally consumed? It seems weird. Guenet says that 275 calories was "less than 10 percent of his usual calorie intake", suggesting the man's normal diet was at least 2750 calories per day, but we don't see where he's getting that number from. If either of these numbers are right, that means that the 400 lb man had a normal calorie intake that was less than both of the lean subjects.
In any case, another serious oddity is that he started losing weight as soon as he entered the hospital, at a rate of about one pound per day — eight days before he was put on the nutrient sludge diet! That kind of makes it seem like something else is causing the rapid weight loss.
Other Studies
Of course, this is just one study. In fact, it's merely the first of many! In the section we quoted at the beginning of this piece, Guyenet says, "further studies from the same group and others supported the idea that a bland liquid diet leads people to eat fewer calories and lose excess fat." It would clearly be a big mistake for us to dismiss this early result without seeing the further studies, so let's take a look.
Guyenet cites two further studies in The Hungry Brain, and we found a third with a little searching. This may not be the full literature on the subject, but it's everything Guyenet cites plus one, so it seems like a good place to start.
The first was a study called An Automatically Monitored Food Dispensing Apparatus for the Study of Food Intake in Man. This study was from 1964, so it actually predates the study reviewed above. The abstract says that said apparatus was "tested on a patient for 17 successive days" and that "the pattern of energy intake reflected 3 identifiable meal-times in each 24-h period."
As far as we can tell, this is simply the first test of the "automatically monitored food dispensing apparatus." We can't access the full article for some reason (if you can, please send it to us), but the abstract seems to specify that there was only one participant, and there's no mention of weight loss or obesity at all.
Artist's conception of the food dispensing apparatus. Just kidding it's Tubby Custard.
The second is a paper from 1971 called Studies of Food-Intake Regulation in Man — Responses to Variations in Nutritive Density in Lean and Obese Subjects. This is one of the papers Guyenet cites in The Hungry Brain.
In this study, "dispensed liquid diet was studied in five lean and four obese young adults and two obese juvenile subjects." The twist is that the researchers varied the "nutritive density" of the nutrient sludge over time without telling the research subjects. As before, subjects were (ideally) unaware that their food intake was being recorded. Also relevant is that the study was conducted in a metabolic research ward, which allows for a certain amount of control, and that participants were "maintained on light activity", with the research team attempting to "prevent significant day-to-day variations in energy output".
We see the same issues here that we highlighted in the original study. This is also before 1980, and so may not be informative about the current situation. The sample size is pretty small, but it's bigger than before, and the subjects seem less idiosyncratic.
The lean participants were "five healthy male students 20 to 25 years of age". The "grossly obese patients" came in two groups — four women between the ages of 25 and 30, and two adolescent boys ages 13 and 15. This isn't an experiment, but it's still kind of worrying how different the demographics are for the lean and the obese participants.
The results for the lean participants match the previous findings. "All the lean subjects," they report, "were able to maintain weight within fairly narrow limits (0.6 to 2.3 per cent of initial body weight) by making appropriate adjustments in the calorie intake whenever the nutritive density was varied." Thankfully, unlike the lean participants in the previous study, none of these fellows was consuming an insane amount of the sludge.
The obese adult female participants ingested only a few hundred calories of the sludge per day, and lost weight, though the weight loss doesn't appear to be as extreme as in the first study. Of interest, however, "there was no increase of volume intake in response to formula dilution and no decrease in volume intake after formula concentration." In fact, in two of the four obese women (that is, half), "there were paradoxical drops in volume intake when the nutritive density of the formula was decreased."
This is very weird. It suggests that these women were controlling for the amount of nutrient studge they drank, rather than for calorie intake. Together with the results of the first study (and THE CUPS), the conclusion ends up looking less like "if obese people eat a bland diet, they return to a healthy weight" and more like "if you give obese people a diet through a food pump nozzle, they will suck the exact same tiny amount every day for some reason."
The story is further complicated by the fact that we get VERY different results for adolescent male participants. The 15-year-old was 101 kg and the 13-year-old was 135 kg at time of admission, and both of them maintained these weights by drinking thousands of calories of nutrient sludge. "During the periods in which caloric density was 1.0 kcal per milliliter," they tell us, "energy intake was in excess of 3900 kcal per day."
These participants really did seem to be controlling for calorie intake, because diluting the formula didn't fool them. "When the formula was covertly diluted subject A.V. increased volume intake slightly, but not enough to maintain a caloric intake comparable to that achieved during intake of the more concentrated formula. In contrast, W.D. compensated for formula dilution with a striking increase in volume intake, thereby maintaining a near constant energy input."
An examination of Table 2 reveals that at one point, one of the adolescents broke 4,000 calories of nutrient sludge per day, which is honestly impressive across a number of dimensions. In addition, "These two obese juvenile subjects differed from the obese adult subjects in that they either maintained or gained weight while receiving the machine-dispensed formula." The magic bullet against obesity, this is not.
In fact, once again this seems like evidence against palatability as an explanation for obesity. If palatability were the driving force, then these teens wouldn't be slurping down almost 4k calories of nutrient sludge to maintain their extreme weights. Indeed, it seems like palatability makes no difference at all.
It's especially concerning that this diet causes weight loss in only 2/3 of the participants. These six people may be obese for different reasons (i.e. obesity is a shared symptom but the result of a different underlying condition), but none of those reasons seem to be related to palatability.
The other paper cited by Guyenet in his book was a 1976 piece titled Influence of a Monotonous Food on Body Weight Regulation in Humans. This study is not worth reviewing in depth because of its major departures from the original design. This is a two-author paper, and neither author was involved in any of the previous studies. Rather than the nutrient sludge being automatically recorded by a dispensing pump in the monitored environment of a hospital ward, subjects were sent home with "an ample stock" of Renutril®, a moderately sweet, vanilla flavored complete liquid diet that comes in 375 ml cans. For experimental control, "they were told to avoid as much as possible the odor, the sight, and even the thought of any other foods."
Even if this design were above criticism, the results are unimpressive. The study lasted 3 weeks, and on the all-liquid bland diet, people's weight decreased by only 3.13 kg. This is a far cry from the one pound per day reported in the 1965 study.
In addition, this study suffers from the same problems as all the studies above: the study was conducted before 1980, so it may not generalize, and the sample size was four.
Taken together, these studies do not provide much evidence in favor of palatability as a cause for obesity, or for the use of a bland diet in reversing it. The studies are all more than 40 years old, so the data predates the modern obesity epidemic. There are a number of bizarre observations and discrepancies (THE CUPS!!!) that don't seem consistent with the palatability hypothesis. The total sample size across all four studies is 23.
In fact, these studies provide moderate evidence against the palatability hypothesis. Most participants lost weight on the nutrient sludge diet, but two patients not only ate heroic amounts, they actually gained weight. In the 1965 study, the nutrient sludge diet appears to have prompted two lean participants to overeat by something like 1000-2000 calories per day.
Finally, there is an external sanity check that makes us doubt the whole premise. If the nutrient sludge diet works, why hasn't anyone done a real experiment on it? Why isn't it being used to make 400 lbs men lose 200 lbs today? Either this is a huge missed opportunity, or these results are simply wrong.
If this works, why hasn't someone replicated it by now? It would be pretty easy to run a RCT where you fed more than five obese people nutrient sludge ad libitum for a couple weeks, so this means either it doesn't work as described, or it does work and for some reason no one has tried it. Given how huge the rewards for this finding would be, we're going to go with the "it doesn't work" explanation.
If you think palatable food is the relevant issue, an even better approach would be an experimental design where you develop two (or more) nutrient sludges, nutritionally identical but one more palatable than the other, and randomly assign a group of obese participants to eat either the palatable sludge or the unpalatable sludge. But we haven't seen a design like this either.
If Guyenet — or anyone — believes this result is real, they should rush to do a metabolic ward study on a sample size of more than five people, and collect all the fame and fortune that comes with finding a diet that not only reliably works, but leads to weight loss of about one pound per day with no hunger or gastrointestinal discomfort.
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13 thoughts on "A Chemical Hunger – Interlude B: The Nutrient Sludge Diet"
Jack Peterson says:
"Does eating 400 calories per day for 252 days pass a basic sanity check?"
If you start out that heavy, yes, this could be reasonable — for example, Angus Barbieri's fast lasted 382 days (his starting weight was 456 lb): https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Barbieri%27s_fast
Fasting is somewhat different than merely low-calorie, though, so it's not clear how it relates to your broader point about "sludge". Actually, I'd be curious to read your take on extended fasting — is it a topic you intend to address as part of this series? It's one of the only reliable ways that I'm aware of to lose weight and keep it off.
slimemoldtimemold says:
Wow, that is an impressive fast.
We're not familiar with the evidence for fasting, could you point us to some?
Richard Meadows says:
This was a fun read, thanks for looking into the study. My radar was already pinging based on the n=2, but the reported caloric intakes are seriously sus. Did they say whether the subjects were under constant observation?
Adding to Jack Peterson's comment: this would actually be more plausible to me if the overweight people were taking in zero calories, because true fasting provokes a very different metabolic response to low-calorie diets, which are much more torturous ('starvation mode' is a misnomer).
I don't have a link handy but Jason Fung comes to mind as someone who specialises in extended fasting for fat loss purposes, and has written quite a bit about the mechanisms.
YD says:
I think the '65 study authors might have accidentally contaminated their homogeneous nutritionally adequate formula emulsion with Thiotimoline. That would be consistent with the observed lack of change of weight loss rate after day 8 (figure 4).
Ask yourself this: would YOU eat 4430 calories of nutrient sludge per day if it were "bland"?
yes? have you never been backpacking or anything like that?
much of your incredulity here and elsewhere seems to evince a minimum of experience with dieting or exercise.
We don't think the guy who ate 4430 calories per day was backpacking for the 9 days of this study.
The Shangri-la diet (to the extent that it works) would be one piece of evidence in favor of the palatability hypothesis – https://www.healthline.com/health/shangri-la-diet
That said, I tend to agree this is likely not a main causal factor for the explosion in obesity we've seen over the last decades.
This feels like it should be silly easy to make a study on since the introduction of Soylent and similar products.
Searching for a minute I find plenty anecdotes
Can Soylent help me lose weight? from soylent
Soylent Weight Loss from soylent
(not that these likely differ much from anecdotes of believers for other diets)
and a journal article that used a different meal replacement
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-9-11
Feels like it shouldn't be too hard to set up a citizen science study even.
h6 says:
oops, I misclicked and meant to make a top-level comment.
GAGCAT says:
"caloric density was 1.0 kcal per milliliter", so the guy who ate 5000 calories stood in front of an open fridge and pressed that button 675 times in a day
Check out the work done by the guy who created the shangri-la diet. The problem with these liquid diets is that they are likely flavored (like with vanilla). Even less palatable flavors can become palatable when the brain associates the taste with very efficient sources of calories/glucose. Under his theory, any taste at all that gets associated with efficient sources of calories will cause the lipostat set point to raise in anticipation of the ready availability of this great source of calories. This could account (sort of) for the strange results in the studies you describe.
The shangri-la guy (can't think of his name) didn't advise replacing meals with bland sludge, but to consume additional calories that are completely disassociated with taste (sugar mixed in water, or later spoonfulls of flavorless oil) so the calories rise without also bumping up the set point.
Drew Alexander says:
It seems clear that the minds and guts of most people are making qualitative, not quantitative assessments of food to determine what and how much food to eat. Nutrient sludge is helpful in pointing this out! Some are getting this backwards, though. It is the nutrient sludge from a nozzle that is non-normative and short circuiting these assessments, not delicious food.
The feedback loop of appetite and energy stasis gets wonky sometimes, to be sure. But if you assume that the problem is further up the chain of command, then it appears that the appetite/reward system of obese people is working perfectly. Something further up demands more calories, and we're pretty good at identifying calorie-rich foods. They tend to be the tasty ones!
wyrmmage says:
Very interesting! 🙂
As someone with low blood sugar problems, I tend to consume a lot of food every day and still maintain a relatively low weight. I can definitely sense when my blood sugar levels are getting too low, and then I go out and eat something. If I were stuck in a hospital room with a feeding machine, you can bet I'd be running over to the machine and slurping up (possibly insane aloints of) calories to maintain my blood sugar levels! 🙂


In this guide, we will cover the installation and usage of pi-hole on Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 16.04 / Debian and CentOS 7 system. pi-hole is a DNS sinkhole for Internet advertisements which aims to protect your devices from unwanted content, without installing any client-side software.
Are you tired of ads that keep popping up while browsing content on the Internet?, pi-hole is the tool you're looking for!.
It is easy to install: pi-hole has a versatile installer which automates the installation process.
Improve Overall Network Performance: Since ads are blocked before they are downloaded, your network will perform better.
Resolute: pi-hole is able to block content in non-browser locations, e.g ad-laden mobile apps, and smart TVs.
Lightweight: pi-hole is very lightweight as it only handles DNS queries and returns a blank HTML file so it doesn't need much processing power. 53mb disk space and 512mb of ram should be enough.
Monitor Performance And Statistics: The Web interface shows how many ads were blocked, a query log, and more.
On a successful installation, you should see IP Address to set on your devices as DNS Server, and login URL for the pi-hole dashboard.
Once the installer has been run, you need to configure your router to have DHCP clients use Pi-hole as their DNS server which ensures that all devices connecting to your network will have content blocked without any further intervention.
If your router does not support setting the DNS server, you can use Pi-hole's built-in DHCP server; just be sure to disable DHCP on your router first (if it has that feature available). As a last resort, you can always manually set each device to use Pi-hole as their DNS server.
You can access its admin web interface using at http://pi.hole/admin or http://192.168.10.10/admin. Replace pi.hole with your hostname or 192.168.10.10 with the correct server IP address.
It is also possible to administer pi-hole from cli using pihole command line tool.
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text:
Q: Data not distributed across cluster in Cassandra We are using a 3 node cluster with REPLICATION = {'class':'SimpleStrategy' , 'replication_factor':1 }
But when we are inserting data , the same row is present in all three nodes (I see it when I run it on each node individually)
When I run nodetool status (I see the below) :
--  Address        Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  172.31.46.89   6.43 MiB   256          32.8%             2db6dc5c-9d05-4dc7-9bf5-ea9e3c406267  rack1
UN  172.31.47.150  13.17 MiB  256          32.1%             eb10cc48-6117-427c-9151-48cb6761a5e6  rack1
DN  172.31.45.131  12.73 MiB  256          35.1%             cc33fc04-a02f-41e2-a00b-3835a0d98cb5  rack1

Can anyone help me to understand why data is present in all nodes???

A: Cassandra is masterless and when you make a query to any node in the cluster it will request the appropriate replica to answer your query. The data will not be stored on all nodes with RF=1. If really want to verify it look at your data/keyspace/table directory and use the sstabledump on the Data file.

A: Data will not be stored on all nodes when RF=1. Instead when you connect with any node it act as a coordinator node and fetch data from node responsible for the data and provides the response.
The coordinator only stores data locally (on a write) if it ends up being one of the nodes responsible for the data's token range.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Cretin-Derham Hall Hopkins High School
Thu, Nov 28 TBD TBD Park Center High Sch
TBD Park Center High Sch
Fri, Nov 29 6:30 p.m. Farmington Hamline University
Farmington Hamline University
Sat, Nov 30 4:45 p.m. Saint Michael-Albertville Hamline University
Saint Michael-Albertville Hamline University
Tue, Dec 03 7:00 p.m. Park Center Park Center High Sch
Park Center Park Center High Sch
Fri, Dec 06 7:00 p.m. Como Park St. Louis Park High
Como Park St. Louis Park High
Thu, Dec 12 6:00 p.m. Hopkins St. Louis Park High
Hopkins St. Louis Park High
Tue, Dec 17 6:00 p.m. Edina St. Louis Park High
Edina St. Louis Park High
Sat, Dec 21 6:30 p.m. Minnetonka Minnetonka High Scho
Minnetonka Minnetonka High Scho
Fri, Dec 27 TBD TBD Park Center High Sch
Fri, Jan 03 7:00 p.m. Robbinsdale Copper Robbinsdale Copper H
Robbinsdale Copper Robbinsdale Copper H
Tue, Jan 07 7:00 p.m. Bloomington Kennedy St. Louis Park High
Bloomington Kennedy St. Louis Park High
Fri, Jan 10 7:00 p.m. Chanhassen Chanhassen High Scho
Chanhassen Chanhassen High Scho
Tue, Jan 14 7:00 p.m. Bloomington Jefferson St. Louis Park High
Bloomington Jefferson St. Louis Park High
Sat, Jan 18 5:00 p.m. Rufus King Rufus King High Scho
Rufus King Rufus King High Scho
Tue, Jan 21 7:00 p.m. Benilde-St. Margaret Benilde-St. Margaret
Benilde-St. Margaret Benilde-St. Margaret
Fri, Jan 24 7:00 p.m. Chaska St. Louis Park High
Chaska St. Louis Park High
Thu, Jan 30 7:00 p.m. Robbinsdale Copper St. Louis Park High
Robbinsdale Copper St. Louis Park High
Sat, Feb 01 TBD TBD St. Michael-Albertvi
TBD St. Michael-Albertvi
Tue, Feb 04 7:00 p.m. Bloomington Kennedy Bloomington Kennedy
Bloomington Kennedy Bloomington Kennedy
Fri, Feb 07 7:00 p.m. Chanhassen St. Louis Park High
Chanhassen St. Louis Park High
Tue, Feb 11 7:00 p.m. Bloomington Jefferson Bloomington Jefferso
Bloomington Jefferson Bloomington Jefferso
Fri, Feb 14 6:00 p.m. Minnehaha Academy St. Louis Park High
Minnehaha Academy St. Louis Park High
Tue, Feb 18 7:00 p.m. Benilde-St. Margaret St. Louis Park High
Benilde-St. Margaret St. Louis Park High
Fri, Feb 21 7:00 p.m. Chaska Chaska High School
Chaska Chaska High School
Wed, Feb 26 7:00 p.m. TBD
Sat, Feb 29 TBD TBD
Thu, Mar 05 7:00 p.m. TBD

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Blues 4 Boltchester Fulbrough Unitederers 5
Last updated : 02 January 2008 By Richard Barker
Generally over the festive season, my life gets pre-occupied by the ample opportunity to go to the pub, etc, and so these reports get put on the back burner. Regular readers, geeks and insane stalkers may recall that last year I tied two match reports into one, and offered my thoughts on Blues versus Southend Park Rangers. Well, this year there's four games to cram into one, so bear with me...
Goals by Stewart Downing, Mikael Forssell, Gary McSheffrey and Seb Larsson weren't enough for Blues, as strikes from El Hadji Diouf, Nicolas Anelka (twice), and the Carlos's Bocanegra and Tevez were too much...
No, no, that's going to be too difficult. I'll do one at a time, but please bear in mind that this is four games over ten days, during which I've had one year's recommended alcohol consumption, eaten approximately 17 animals and been to about seven different cities. I may get the odd thing wrong...
So, to Bolton, and the first half was possibly the worst half of football I've ever seen. Bolton had a couple of shots, and Blues had a cross. It wasn't helped by a negative team selection from Blues, with Johan Djourou, Fabrice Muamba and Damien Johnson making the most defensive midfield trio in history. I think Blues wanted to big it up a bit, and I don't mean the kind of "bigging up" you do when you phone Tim Westwood's rap show on Radio One, but I mean the kind of "bigging up" you do when you pick tall players to combat Kevin Davies. Radhi Jaidi also came in at centre half.
At half-time, Mat Sadler was finally put out of his misery like a dog who should have been put out of his misery three weeks previously, but the rearrangement contributed to Blues' downfall. Combine the following four defenders into a balanced back four: Radhi Jaidi, Rafael Schmitz, Johan Djourou and Stephen Kelly.
Now, I'd go with Kelly (a right back) at right back, with Djourou and Jaidi (two centre halves) as the two centre halves and Schmitz (a left footed centre half) as left back. However, Alex 'Steve Bruce' McLeish went with Djourou (a centre half) at right back, Jaidi and Schmitz (two centre halves) as two centre halves, and Kelly (a right back) at left back.
Anyone watching Blues at Wolves last season will know the mess that Kelly can get into when played at left back (he's doing well at right back though), and sure enough, goal number one came about because of that. Goal number two was Johan Djourou showing us what he'd learned from his favourite Christmas present, "My Book Of Throw Ins" by Olof Mellberg (foreward by Peter Enckelman)... and yes, pedants, he'd been allowed to open one present early. Goal number three was scored by Anelka, but I'd left early because it was THAT bad and I had to drive to Newcastle and I was hungover and fed up and bored.
I think I remembered that one fairly well...? The biggest cheer of the day was some lazy Danish kid scoring the winner for Arsenal against Spurs, showed on plasma screens in the concourse shortly before Blues and Bolton got their "classic" underway.
Who was next? Right, Middlesbrough. Well, Blues were probably flattered somewhat by the 3-0 win (as had Bolton been against Blues, as they were rubbish too). Blues probably deserved it (as Bolton had) and were helped by some appalling defending (as Bolton had been).
Franck Queudrue came back in to replace the now deceased Sadler (if we're continuing the "put down dog" analogy) and played well. Now, people who know me or read any of this garbage I write will know where I stand on the Sadler v Queudrue issue, and basically, if you think Sadler is a better bet as a Premier League left back at present, you too should be put down. We're not Chelsea or Arsenal or Manchester United, so we're not able to attract someone of the quality of Ashley Cole or Gael Clichy or John O'Sh... sorry, Patrice Evra. We have to make do with what we can get, which is likely to be someone with a downside. If we weigh up those downsides in the Sadler v Queudrue debate, it's basically "lack of any footballing ability, brain, distribution, nous or anything" versue "lack of pace". Now, to me, I'll take the "lack of pace" option for my team, and take the positives which are the ability to play football, brain, etc, ahead of someone who can run (a bit) faster but is otherwise pretty poor.
If that doesn't make it clear, then Queudure = good and Sadler = bad.
Other performances of note? Well, McSheffrey looked ok, for a change (but that might have been because the standard of the opposition was barely above Championship level) whilst Jaidi showed that he looks a very good centre half when a clueless team lumps long balls up at his head all game. The one time Boro had a clue, Tuncay ran him and showed him up, but chief saviour Stephen Kelly was there to save Blues with a last ditch challenge as usual.
Fulham now, and it was so windy, and with the strong gusts blowing towards the Tilton Road End, when they got an early corner at that end, you KNEW that they'd drift it in across the face of the goal, putting Maik Taylor under pressure. And so it was... Bocanegra's close range, near post header wasn't defended at all well, and Blues were 1-0 down early on.
In the first half Fulham were the better team, quite simply because in Simon Davies, Steven Davis and Danny Murphy they have midfielders who are comfortable on the ball. Blues looked like the ball was a hot potato. Second half, Blues were better and deserved their equaliser, but it wasn't exactly thrilling stuff, and another home game that could and possibly should have yielded three points had passed.
It was a strange game and atmosphere, to be honest, and now I'm going to say something that may sound a bit ridiculous, but bear with me...
It was the kind of game that, under Steve Bruce, I think Blues may have lost. You know the kind of game - under Bruce there were matches when very early on you sensed the atmosphere and sensed the way the game was going, and you knew you were going to lose. I'm not talking about Manchester United or Arsenal, but games like THAT Norwich game of last season, the Boro home game the season before, etc. There was always that feeling - it because quite predictable. Well, I had that feeling early on in the Fulham game, and it was that kind of atmosphere too, but Blues did get a point. Are you following me?
I guess what I'm trying to say is that the top teams talk about the importance of winning 1-0 when they don't play well. Well, we're not that good, but there's still an element of not getting beat when you don't play well, and Blues managed that in the Fulham game, and I'm not sure they would have under Bruce. It's purely hypothetical, but it was that kind of atmosphere, and it's just a gut feeling I have. I might be mad though.
And finally, to Old Trafford, and I have to say, I thought Blues were superb, and I don't say that too often. Yes United went close on occasions, but they're always going to - they're bloody good. In the first half Blues did pretty well, and in the second half, well, they were the better team. The only disappointment was that the final shot/pass wasn't quite there, so Blues couldn't capitalise. McSheffrey and Jerome should both have done better on occasions (McSheffrey in particular) and when Mikael Forssell came on the ball didn't quite drop for him, and once he should have played Larsson in, but failed to.
Garry O'Connor came in from the cold to start, and I felt he did pretty well. He wasn't spectacular, and he did tire (but he's barely played more than ten minutes at once in four months), but he won a fair bit in the air in the first half and linked up quite well with Jerome and the supporting midfielders.
So, what did we learn over the four games? Well, Blues did ok, but possibly could have done better. McSheffrey isn't good enough and Taylor's kicking is nothing short of dreadful and I can't help thinking some of the defensive frailties shown by Blues lately are down to a lack of confidence in the 'keeper behind them.
McLeish has plenty to work with, but he also has plenty to work on. With Djourou off back to Arsenal (I can't help thinking that in years to come we'll consider how we wasted a decent talent on loan, just like Michael Carrick) it's imperative that we get a centre half, and hopefully one with some height, as Jaidi is off to the African Cup of Nations for a while and isn't the answer in the long run and Ridgewell and Schmitz are too short (plus Schmitz isn't ours either). Blues also need a striker, as in Jerome, Forssell and O'Connor they don't have enough firepower and need a bit of help. Probably a left back too. Otherwise, an attacking central midfielder, a left winger and a goalkeeper would be nice, but aren't crucial, unlike the other ones.
So, there you go... if you're still reading this, fair play, and happy new year.


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Edoardo Mortara Wins Marrakesh E-Prix: Round 10 of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship
July 4, 2022 uaenews247 Leave a comment
ROKiT Venturi Racing driver Edoardo Mortara tops podium for the third time this season with victory in Marrakesh
António Félix da Costa starts in Pole Position and finishes in second place
Mitch Evans successfully launches a late bid for the podium to finish in third
Mortara tops the Drivers' Championship after a braking problem in Qualifying meant leader Stoffel Vandoorne had to battle from the back of the grid to eighth and just four points
MARRAKESH, Morocco & RIYADH, Saudi Arabia, 3 July 2022 – Edoardo Mortara hit the top of the Drivers' World Championship with victory in the Marrakesh E-Prix Round 10 as the ROKiT Venturi Racing driver fended off severe pressure from DS TECHEETAH teammates António Félix da Costa and Jean-Éric Vergne throughout.
Da Costa started on Julius Bär Pole Position and, after falling behind Mortara during the early duo of ATTACK MODE activations, he clung to the back of the Swiss' car as the race reached its climax. But the Season 6 champion couldn't make it past the Venturi driver who looked utterly unflustered on the way to the top step and his third win of the season, as well as the standings lead.
Mercedes-EQ's Stoffel Vandoorne was top of the Drivers' World Championship going into the race but a braking glitch in qualifying left him down in 20th on the grid. He recovered to finish eighth but with just four points on the day, Mortara stands tall at the end of Round 10 of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship.
Vergne had found himself in second heading into the closing stages with two percent of usable energy available before he slipped back behind da Costa to an eventual fourth position. Fellow title challenger Mitch Evans (Jaguar TCS Racing) fought from sixth on the grid to the podium with a final lap lunge on Vergne for silverware and a handful of extra, crucial World Championship points.
In the searing 33-degree heat, drivers and engineers elected to jump early for their two mandatory ATTACK MODE boosts with the school of thought being that it would be more efficient and effective in the long run to ply that extra 30kW through the batteries and powertrain. In the mix was Lucas di Grassi (ROKiT Venturi Racing), who battled to fifth and vital points for the Monegasque team..
Reigning World Champion Nyck de Vries (Mercedes-EQ) clambered to sixth and Jake Dennis (Avalanche Andretti) would have to settle for seventh. Vandoorne did make up an impressive 12 spots to finish eighth in the end after his qualifying disappointment. Sam Bird wound up ninth for Jaguar TCS Racing, and Oliver Rowland – who ran as high as second spot early on – rounded out the points-paying positions in 10th.
All that saw Mortara jump to an 11-point Drivers' World Championship lead, with Vergne second and Vandoorne now third, having led heading into this Marrakesh E-Prix race weekend. Evans finds himself just 15 points shy of Mortara, with the top four breaking well-clear of the chasing pack to set up a four-driver shootout over the final six races.
Next time out is the New York City E-Prix on 16 and 17 July for Rounds 11 and 12 of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship. The much-anticipated double-header takes place on the streets of the Red Hook district of Brooklyn against the spectacular backdrop of the Manhattan skyline.
Two more double-headers close out Season 8, with the London E-Prix weekend on 30 and 31 July before the championship climaxes with a first-visit to Korea and the Seoul E-Prix weekend on 13 and 14 August.
EDOARDO MORTARA, ROKiT VENTURI RACING, #48 said:
"I must admit after Free Practice 2, we had a lot of issues and I was not thinking we could turn this thing around, but I have an incredible team behind me and they managed to do an incredible job already in quali. Then during the race, they had a plan, they had a strategy, we executed it and it was perfect.
"You have the guys putting you under a lot of pressure. I was trying to be intelligent, trying to manage. There was a lot to manage today – tyres obviously, but also battery temperatures, energy. It was very difficult. I had some issues with the car today, I was a little bit by myself let's say, but we did that and I'm extremely happy."
ANTÓNIO FÉLIX DA COSTA, DS TECHEETAH, #13 said:
"Well we had a good game plan. It looked like Edo had a little bit of an edge on us. I tried to keep it modest until the end. Other things like in the beginning and middle of race compromised my end. I'm here, I'm happy, it's so great to be back in Marrakesh. I've always had good races here, even when I crashed from the lead near the end of a race. So amazing job to everyone here again. First podium of the season for me. It's been a tough one. It's been hard to kind of punch through the wall. The team has been great picking me up and still believing in me. So that's awesome and thanks for them for giving me a great car today. We tried. In the end it looked like JEV didn't quite have it and it compromised my race a little bit but it's part of the game. I wear the team badge and that's how it is."
MITCH EVANS, JAGUAR TCS RACING, #9 said:
"That was a tough one to manage, they threw everything at us: battery management, thermally and also energy-wise. Obviously battling with the other guys, I lost a bit of ground at the start, but then made it back. The team guided me really well today. It was hard to manage but we got there. Another podium, a lot of points, another trophy – I'm happy.
"Obviously you've got a rough strategy and you've got to play through instincts a bit. To be honest, I settled for fourth and then JEV was struggling towards the end managing something so I was able to pick him off at the end and that's full credit to the guys for guiding me through really well."
– – – ENDS – – –
Round 10 of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship
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Solskjaer appointed as permanent Man Utd manager
PakistanToday
LONDON: Manchester United appointed Ole Gunnar Solskjaer as the club's permanent manager on a three-year contract on Thursday following a highly successful caretaker spell in charge.
The Norwegian, 46, has inspired a dramatic revival of United's fortunes since taking over from the sacked Jose Mourinho in December, winning 14 of his 19 games and leading the Red Devils to the quarter-finals of the Champions League.
Solskjaer, who scored 126 goals in 366 appearances for United, was already a hero to fans as the man who scored the stoppage-time winner in the 1999 Champions League final to complete the treble.
"From the first day I arrived, I felt at home at this special club," Solskjaer said in a statement on the club's website. "It was an honour to be a Manchester United player, and then to start my coaching career here.
"The last few months have been a fantastic experience and I want to thank all of the coaches, players and staff for the work we've done so far.
"This is the job that I always dreamed of doing and I'm beyond excited to have the chance to lead the club long-term and hopefully deliver the continued success that our amazing fans deserve."
United's executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward said: "More than just performances and results, Ole brings a wealth of experience, both as a player and as a coach, coupled with a desire to give young players their chance and a deep understanding of the culture of the club."
After Mourinho was sacked following a 3-1 loss to Liverpool on December 16, Solskjaer initially arrived from Norwegian club Molde "on loan" until the end of the season.
Solskjaer, who spent 11 seasons at Old Trafford as a player, took over with the club in sixth place in the Premier League, 11 points off the top four.
But they have lost just once in the league since then and are now in fifth place, just two points behind fourth-placed Arsenal, with eight games remaining in the season.
The highlight of his reign so far was a dramatic 3-1 victory over Paris Saint-Germain in the last 16 in the Champions League, with United overturning a 2-0 first-leg defeat to reach the quarter-finals on away goals.
Solskjaer's former United teammate Peter Schmeichel tweeted: "Congratulations my friend, it is well deserved. Up and onwards let's chase some trophies."
Former United defender Gary Neville welcomed the appointment and urged the club to back the new full-time boss financially.
"I'm delighted for Ole," Neville tweeted. "I didn't think this would happen when he was appointed. However the results and spirit in the club have been incredible since he arrived and he deserves it. He now needs support in the transfer market in terms of finance and the right resource!"
Another former United teammate of Solskjaer's, Rio Ferdinand, tweeted: "Yessss Ole is officially at The Wheel… Signed, Sealed, Delivered! Manager of @ManUtd! I hope my Thank You is in post Ole."
Man \Utd manager
permanent manager
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Link to this page: https://www.socialistparty.org.uk/articles/31633
Posted on 12 November 2020 at 16:38 GMT
Chris Williamson, photo Johnwhitby/CC (Click to enlarge)
Ex-MP Chris Williamson joins TUSC to challenge 'resurgent Blairism'
A TUSC press release - 11 November 2020
Corbyn suspension: TUSC fights 'resurgent Blairism' as second ex-MP joins coalition
The Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition (TUSC) national steering committee today condemned the suspension of Jeremy Corbyn from the Labour Party, and pledged to fight Keir Starmer's 'resurgent Blairism' - including at the ballot box next May.
At the same time it welcomed new members to the coalition steering committee from the national executives of five different trade unions - and the former Labour MP Chris Williamson who was himself suspended in 2019 and prevented from defending his Derby North seat as a Labour candidate in last year's general election.
The TUSC national chairperson Dave Nellist, also a former parliamentary colleague of Jeremy Corbyn when he was an MP from 1983-1992, said:
"The ruthless decision to suspend Jeremy Corbyn is the clearest signal yet that under Keir Starmer's Labour the interests of Britain's capitalist establishment will be in safe hands if and when they decide to move on from Boris Johnson's inept premiership".
"TUSC wholeheartedly supported Jeremy's leadership of the Labour Party as an opportunity to achieve working class socialist political representation on a mass basis.
"We adjusted our electoral activity in response, not standing candidates in either the 2017 or 2019 general elections".
"But our decision in September that we would resume contesting elections because of the new situation created by Starmer's leadership has been completely vindicated by subsequent events".
"Candidates standing in the elections next May - in Scotland, Wales, London and the English councils - who endorse Jeremy Corbyn's suspension while agreeing to implement austerity measures directed from the Tories in Westminster, cannot expect to be unchallenged. We will fight resurgent Blairism, including at the ballot box".
Dave continued: "In relaunching TUSC in September we appealed in particular to leading trade unionists to join our coalition and are pleased to welcome a number of trade union national executive members, who will sit on the steering committee in a personal capacity, from five different unions: the public sector union, UNISON; the National Education Union (NEU); the PCS civil servants' union; the University and College Union (UCU); and the family court and probation workers' union NAPO".
"We are also extremely pleased to welcome the Resistance Movement established after the suspension of the left-wing MP Chris Williamson from the Labour Party last year, who have appointed Chris and the former NEU divisional secretary Sian Bloor to the committee".
"TUSC is a coalition involving organisations and individuals all playing their own part in a range of struggles to defend working class people in the workplaces and in our communities - but who are also prepared to collaborate together to stand in elections if there are no other candidates reflecting those struggles on the ballot paper".
Jared Wood, a national executive committee member of the RMT transport workers' union, officially represented on the TUSC steering committee, said:
"The RMT was the first trade union to declare its support for Jeremy Corbyn when he stood for leader in 2015 and, with 80,000 members, was the second biggest donor to both of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership campaigns, in 2015 and 2016, only behind the 1.4 million-member Unite union".
"His subsequent suspension by Keir Starmer shows that the opportunities for achieving working class political representation within the Labour framework created by Jeremy's leadership are closing - just at the time we need a fighting political voice for workers to meet the deep economic and social crisis triggered by the Covid pandemic".
"Chris Williamson joining the TUSC steering committee at this time is especially welcome. As an MP Chris was a member of the RMT's parliamentary group and, when he was suspended from Labour in February 2019, received overwhelming support from our Annual General Meeting [national conference]".
"The successful motion forewarned that 'anti-Corbyn members of the Parliamentary Labour Party have demanded Chris Williamson's removal from the party as a step towards their real objective of removing the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn and John McDonnell'. And so it has been".
"I am sure RMT members will look forward to once again working with Chris on our common political goals".
Chris Williamson said:
"The Labour Party has been hijacked by establishment lackeys and no longer welcomes socialists within its ranks".
"We therefore need to build a new vehicle outside the Labour Party to offer a refuge for disgruntled members and others dissatisfied with the discredited political and economic status quo".
"The situation facing the country is dire, which requires us to work out how to cooperate on the left to establish a social movement throughout the land and a credible electoral alternative for voters".
Information from TUSC
1. TUSC was co-founded in 2010 by the late Bob Crow, the RMT transport workers' union leader. Along with the RMT, a constituent organisation of TUSC, its national steering committee involves leading trade unionists from other unions together with the Socialist Party, the Resistance Movement, and independent socialists.
2. TUSC stood sufficient candidates in the 2015 general election to qualify for a UK-wide party election broadcast, which can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcEMrCTVRdg .
It recalibrated its electoral activity following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Labour leader, a development which it warmly welcomed.
Consequently TUSC did not contest either the 2017 or 2019 general elections and only stood in other elections against those Labour candidates who opposed Jeremy Corbyn and were carrying out austerity policies.
But with Keir Starmer's election as leader TUSC agreed to resume standing candidates, starting in the contests scheduled for May 2021 (see http://www.tusc.org.uk/17410/04-09-2020/back-at-work-tusc-to-stand-in-elections-again-against-pro-austerity-politicians ).
TUSC:
TUSC to hold local elections conference in February
All-London TUSC meeting
TUSC 2021 local elections conference
TUSC relaunch in the north west
North West TUSC meeting
Labour:
Nottingham City Council: Major battles against cuts ahead
Protest against immigration enforcement centre in Newham
Union:
Get stuck in to build a fighting, democratic PCS union
Ryan Aldred: Why I'm standing for Usdaw's EC
Lockdown 3.0 - fight to make our shops safe!
Jeremy Corbyn:
Should Corbyn stand for London Mayor?
How far can the Starmer counter-revolution go?
Reports and campaigns
Socialism the podcast: 2018 episodes
Usdaw
British Gas workers strike against 'fire and rehire' plans
Socialist Students
Refund student rent and fees - fight for free education and make the 1% pay
Dispatches from the front - health workers speak out
Londoners suffer and Khan piles on pressure
Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition
NHS Emergency - Fight for a fully funded, publicly owned, socialist NHS
Royal mail management forced to make concessions
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The Cake (or How to Love): A Review
By Presley Thomas
The Cake by Bekah Brunstetter ran at The Alley Theatre last year from June 1st thru July 1st of 2018. It's Pride Month now in 2019, and it still hasn't left my brain space. The play's premise is inspired by the Denver vs. Masterpiece Cakes Supreme Court case where a baker denied a gay couple their services in baking a wedding cake for religious reasons. The baker was sued under Colorado's anti-discrimination laws. North Carolina, where the play is set, has no such laws.
The opening scene begins in a small town bakery in North Carolina as Della, an older 50-something woman, prepares for The Great American Bake-Off reality show. Della doesn't yet know that Jen, a local girl, has come back to town from the big city where she lives to plan her wedding. Jen's memories as a little girl and birthdays spent eating Della's pink lemonade cake made her bakery the first choice for her wedding.
Macy is in the bakery interviewing Della, she thinks, for her upcoming appearance as a contestant on The Great American Bake-Off. She peppers Della with questions about sugar and its addictive qualities. She discovers Della's more religious leanings after noticing a Noah's Ark cake for Della's goddaughter. Macy asks, "Where are the dinosaurs?" and Della responds, "Oh, I skipped them but they were on the ark too!" as if she just got back from a field trip to Ken Ham's Noah's Ark Experience.
Macy is described as having a "beautiful tomboyishness" in the character notes. She tells Della she writes for Jezebel, the online magazine. Della responds, "She was not the nicest lady. In the bible. She was a-- fallen woman." Della is a simple woman who proclaims, "If I could just make a cake for everyone with their name on it a lot of problems would be solved." This is before Jen enters and makes the ask.
Della is all about Jen and her wedding as soon as it comes up until she finds out that Macy is her bride. She hems and haws about being busy and how everyone wants her cakes, but it's clear there is more going on in the subtext as the joy quickly changed to confusion and pain. A reality show voice from her bake-off dream, who acts as a conscience throughout the play, asks Della, "What have you done?" when Jen and Macy leave.
The Cake denotes difference but also similarity as Della unpacks her conscience with her husband Tim, and Jen and Macy duke it out on their own. Macy doesn't have the same patience for bigotry as Jen does. Jen gives Della more grace than she has been offered. She comes back to the bakery a few days later with a Chic-fil-A bag of nuggets. Jen is still trying to wrap her head around Della's prejudice after being confronted by Macy. Like many queer people facing homophobic discrimination for what may be the first time she feels like she has to explain herself. Della offers a halted but crushing response when she says Jen's deceased mother would be devastated if she had known.
The play does not end in any clear way. It does not draw lines; it blurs them. It shows sexuality as an experience and demonstrates that, even for a straight couple like Della and her husband Tim, their heterosexuality isn't invisible, but necessary and essential for their flourishing as they struggle together to make sense of their own sexuality and relationship after many years of marriage in the play. Jen and Macy show the vulnerability and sometimes armor needed to protect themselves as queer people engaging in what has been an institution meant to keep them outside.
As an engaged queer person, I haven't made much of an effort to approach wedding vendors outside of an LGBT wedding expo where I knew the answer was an enthusiastic yes. This play is painful in that way, but it reaches farther into families as well with Della's opining about how Jen's mother might feel about her happiness.
No one wins in this play. Macy and Jen do get married but have to find a different cake vendor. Della loses her spot on The Great American Bake-Off when her bigotry is exposed in an online article written by Macy. Jen has to work through what feels like a betrayal that Macy published the article about her hometown that ended up coming back on Della, but also must figure out what it means to stand up for herself as a sexual minority.
Everyone grows even if it doesn't feel like enough. Della finds herself sitting in the car outside of Jen's wedding venue, dressed to the nines, but unable to walk inside. This, for her, is growth. Jen finds Della and acknowledges that while Della's fear and hesitancy can't take away living out her dream of love and family and marriage it does harm the relationship. A trauma I know many queer people will be thinking about even as they celebrate this Pride Month.
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Una Poca de Gracia — A Little Grace — for the Immigration Debate
By Jerry Kammer and Jerry Kammer on June 29, 2012
"La Bamba", a Mexican folk song that in 1958 was turned into a pop hit by Richie Valens, observes that in order to climb to heaven you need "a big ladder, and another smaller one". It adds that to dance "La Bamba" you need "a little grace". This week, I received a message from Cornell law professor Stephen Yale-Loehr that provided a measure of both of those wondrous tools. They will be necessary if there is to be compromise in the national battle over immigration policy.
To work at an organization like the Center for Immigration Studies is to be subject to routine accusations of being "anti-immigrant" because we believe that a coherent immigration policy requires enforcement of the law and because we believe that legal immigration should be reduced from its current level of about one million new permanent residents every year.
The accusation is untrue but effective. It is used to shut down discussion by reducing us to a caricature of snarling racism and xenophobia (two other terms of opprobrium that are frequently lobbed at us). Who wants to listen to the ideas of racists?
So I was encouraged by Justice Anthony Kennedy's admonition this week that our country needs to face up to its "responsibility to base its laws on a political will informed by searching, thoughtful, rational civic discourse."
That's why I decided to write to Cornell law professor Stephen Yale-Loehr after reading his statement to the New York Times that the Supreme Court decision upholding part of Arizona's S.B. 1070 "has given other states a green light to try to enact similar immigration laws" and that "some will be anti-immigrant, like Arizona's."
In the e-mail, I identified myself as a CIS research fellow who had lived in Arizona for many years. I told him I thought that it was incorrect to label as "anti-immigrant" a law that is explicitly directed at illegal immigration.
I added this:
In a similar vein, and as someone who has written about fraud in defense appropriations and about the savings and loan scandal of the late 1980s, I don't think it is appropriate to label efforts to reduce the Pentagon budget as "anti-defense", or efforts to regulate risky use of federally insured deposits as "anti-capitalism"
Professor Yale-Loehr sent me a ladder with this note of grace: "You are correct. I will try to be more careful next time and refer to Arizona's law as a law directed against illegal immigration. Not as good a sound bite as anti-immigrant, but more accurate."
I've been singing "La Bamba" ever since.
Topics: Arizona's Enforcement Law S.B. 1070
When Metro Phoenix Was Out of Control
Ruling on Arizona's S.B. 1070 Mostly Right, but Wrong on Day Labor Law
9th Circuit Analysis of Arizona's Day Labor Law Lacking
I'm a Liberal Who Thinks Immigration Must Be Restricted
On Thanksgiving: The Poetry and Prose of Immigration and the Statue of Liberty
On Prop 187's Anniversary: A Sarcastic Tribute in the LA Times


During the Society of Environmental Journalists conference I took advantage of one of the field trips taking place throughout Michigan and neighboring Canada. I chose to participate in the field trip to Canada's Chemical Valley in Sarnia, Ontario. As a Highly Sensitive Person—characterized as very compassionate and sensitive to subtle changes in my surroundings—this field excursion left me feeling incredibly sad for days.
The 'Chemical Valley,' located along the shores of the St. Claire River, is home to 40 percent of Canada's petrochemical industry. A 2011 study by the World Health Organization ranked Sarnia's air as the most polluted in Canada. The photo below shows a monument erected to honor those who have died from occupational disease or hazards in local petrochemical facilities of asbestos facilities.
The refineries stretch on for miles (seen at a distance in this photo) and abut the Aamjiwnaang First Nation lands. About 2,300 Chippewa (Ojibwe) peoples belong to the Aamjiwnaang First Nation, 850 of whom live on the Reserve. The tribe has endured dangerous chemical spills of benzene, sulfur dioxide and other toxins. They continue to fight the fossil fuel industry to restore justice and put a stop to the high death rates from cancer, skewed birth ratios (two girls for every boy), and incidents of childhood asthma.
Four members of the Aamjiwnaang Tribe boarded the bus at the park in Sarnia and gave us a guided tour to the miles of refineries dotting the river. Two young members of the tribe shared stories of government betrayal, pregnant dogs birthing deformed puppies from drinking contaminated surface water, and the array of cancers afflicting almost every family living on tribal lands. These two young women are fighting for their voices to be heard by the most powerful industry in the world: the fossil fuel industry.
At the Aamjiwnaang Community Center we heard from a panel of experts including an epidemiologist, an anthropologist, a lawyer from the Canadian environmental law charity Ecojustice, the Environmental Commissioner for Ontario, and a member of the Canadian parliament who is also Ontario's "shadow" Minister of Health (a role that represents the viewpoint of the political party that is not currently in power). Panelists shared an overview of their work—some outlining the history of oil refining in the valley, others highlighting current research and regulatory efforts—and lawsuits filed against industry and the government.
One of the challenges that emerged from the panel discussion is that a comprehensive study has not been conducted on the cumulative health impacts of emissions over time on tribal members, refinery workers and those living nearby. A comprehensive study is badly desired by the tribe.
At one point during the Q&A, the emotional pain suffered by the tribe was palpable. There was a heaviness to the room as one of the tribal elders shared the names and cancer diagnoses of loved ones who had passed away. There were tears, shouting and anger as community members came toe-to-toe with some of the panelists. I could sense that everyone in the room felt it, including governmental officials put directly on the spot. It left me wondering how we got so lost as a human community…and how far communication and listening can go to starting to address the root causes of pain, suffering and discrimination.


I have started working on a few of my goals for 2013 that I shared earlier this week HERE. One of the goals that can be tackled and checked off first, is ORGANIZING.
I am guilty of having everything in a room picture perfect, as long as you don't open a drawer or door. Things like 14 pens in my bedside table drawer.
Pasta from 6 years ago in the pantry. Throw pillows put up in a closet 10 years ago that have never seen daylight. REALLY!!?? I preach a really good sermon on organization at the design studio and we do a good job of having everything in the office in its place.
At home….that's another story. So I have resolved to tackle these hidden spaces one at a time over the next few months. I have listed the areas that will get my scrutinizing eye. I want things tidy by Spring, so just like any design project that needs to be completed on a deadline, I am planning and scheduling for the beauty that will await.
It may have taken me 8 hours, but everyone's mornings are much better thanks to an organized breakfast bar bin and labeled cereals.
Now, onto the children's closets this weekend. The main goal there is that when I am done, they are finally able to reach their clothing in order to select their clothing for the day without my help.
Is organizing part of your goals for 2013? Do you have any tips for making fast work of cleaning those closets, drawers and storage rooms?


Delannoy A., Kluin-Nelemans JC., Louwagie A., Stryckmanns P., Suciu S., Hehlmann R., Heimpel H., Hasford J., Zuffa E., Baccarani M., Tura S., Ohnishi K., Ohno R., Allan N., Shepherd P., Broustet A., Alison R., Clarke M., Duong H., Gray R., Greaves E., Peto R., Richards S., Sinclair D., Wheatley K.
Background: Several randomized clinical trials in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have reported better patient survival with interferon alfa (IFN α) than with standard chemotherapeutic agents, such as busulfan or hydroxyurea. However, the size and persistence of this survival benefit is uncertain. Our aim was to assess these reliably, both overall and in particular patient subgroups. Methods: We collaborated in a worldwide overview of all clinical trials in which patients with CML were randomly assigned to receive] either IFN α as the main drug or standard chemotherapy. Trials were identified by electronic and hand searching of the medical literature and databases and by personal contact. Individual patient data were available for each of 1554 patients who had been randomly assigned to treatment in seven trials (German, Italian, British, French, Japanese, and 'Benelux'). Intention-to-treat stratified logrank survival analyses were performed, reporting two-sided P values. Results: Almost all of the patients in these trials had disease with the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality. Among those who did, the regimens that involved IFN α produced a statistically significantly better survival than those involving either hydroxyurea (P = .001) or busulfan (P = .00007) alone. The 5-year survival rates were 57% with IFN α and 42% with chemotherapy, with an absolute difference of 15 % (standard deviation = 3%; P<.00001). There were no trials or subgroups of patients in which the treatment difference was statistically significantly different from the average. Conclusion: For patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, the inclusion of IFN α in the therapeutic regimen produced substantially better 5-year survival than standard chemotherapy alone.


text:
Walls Of Kindness: The Charitable Movement In Iran
The spread of grassroots charity has also sparked a debate about the failure of the Iranian government to support its poor, so many of whom have been hit hard by the country's ongoing recession. Nevertheless, the simple act of one anonymous philanthropist, the re-appropriation of 'the wall' as a tool for inclusion rather than division, has become a powerful symbol for citizenship and solidarity across the Middle East and beyond."…Read Full Article
From The Culture Trip
In battle over new Canadian pipeline, it's Trudeau vs. tribes
The ghost of the Keystone XL pipeline is hovering over every new fossil fuel project — and it's haunting the Canadian prime minister's office…Read Full Article
Watch this straddle bus eat cars as it speeds down the highway- transportation
Six years ago we showed the crazy Chinese 3D fast bus and everyone thought it was silly vaporware. Three years ago we showed an updated version, the Land Airbus which got to the animated video stage. Now it appears that it is at the model stage, zipping through the International High-tech Expo in Beijing the other day…Read Full Article
Baby Boxes Cut Infant Mortality in Finland
In 1938, the Finnish government presented a gift to impoverished expectant mothers: a box. This gift would transform parenting in the Scandinavian nation. Measuring roughly 27.5 inches long, 17 inches wide, and 10.5 inches tall, each box contained a sturdy mattress and essentials for the first few months of infancy: blankets, clothing, pacifiers, and bibs. Today, the boxes are showing up all over the world, representing much more than a collection of baby items…Read Full Article
Choosing a President in a Time of Climate Crisis
The dangers of runaway climate change make this U.S. presidential race pivotal. Our next president must be someone who understands the science, can build support for a clean energy future, and is independent enough from the fossil fuel industry and its investors to make the right choices…Read Full Article
Tags: author, featured, Happiness, Humanity, Planet, Politics, transportation
Categories: Christian Life, Daily Life, environment, Happiness, Humanity, Planet, Politics, spirituality, transportation


text:
Q: Radio foundation I have a problem with the form ZURB foundation. Indeed, the form appears correctly but I can not select.
Here is my code:
You can see that in the first form, the radio works, but the second don't work.
I try many things to resolve this problem but I don't understand where is the problem.
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/foundation.css"/>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/normalize.css"/>

        <title></title>

            <form class="custom">

                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" id="radio1" style="display:none;" CHECKED> Radio Button 1
                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" id="radio1" style="display:none;"> Radio Button 2

            </form>

Section 1

                        <form class="custom">

                                    <input name="radio2" type="radio" id="radio2" style="display:none;" CHECKED> Radio Button 1
                                    <input name="radio2" type="radio" id="radio2" style="display:none;"> Radio Button 2

                        </form>

Section 2

section2

A: You can't use a single id multiple times. It's probably that.

A: Try setting the id only to the button you want to be selected or use diffeent id's for each option:
Like:
<form class="custom">

                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" id="CustomFormRadio1" style="display:none;" CHECKED> Radio Button 1
                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" id="CustomFormRadio2" style="display:none;"> Radio Button 2

            </form>

Or (assuming you want the first that you want to be selected):
<form class="custom">

                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" id="radio1" style="display:none;" CHECKED> Radio Button 1
                        <input name="radio1" type="radio" style="display:none;"> Radio Button 2

            </form>

And then you can do whatever you want with it using javaScript with jQuery, for example:
if($('#CustomFormRadio1').is(':checked')){
      //whatever you want here
}


text:
China's cryptocurrency crackdown
Moves by the Chinese central bank and government officials to curtail the use of Bitcoin and other digital currencies stretches back almost to their inception. The last week has seen crypto markets battered by news that the Chinese government is firmly clamping down on digital currencies within its borders.
Multiple provinces, many of which host large crypto mining operations, have moved to ban or severely restrict the ability of the industry to operate in compliance with the mood in Beijing, while the country's central bank recently ordered all financial institutions to stop facilitating transactions in digital currency.
The actions of China's authorities sent the price of Bitcoin and several other cryptos tumbling earlier this week, with Bitcoin briefly dipping below US$30,000 on Tuesday afternoon for the first time since January. However, for many long-time observers of the Chinese crypto market, Beijing's moves are nothing new and such an outcome may have been inevitable.
Tightening the screws
The Chinese government's hostile attitude to crypto goes back to when digital currency first rose to prominence in the early 2010s.
Bitcoin transactions were banned by The People's Bank of China (PBOC) all the way back in 2013, while initial coin offerings (ICOs) and cryptocurrency exchanges were halted in 2017 amid worries they could be used in illegal financing and money laundering.
Some have even said that the reaction by officials to crypto represents a fundamental concern about whether digital currencies represent a possible challenge to the dominance of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Another reason for the renewed crackdown may be the imminent introduction of the Digital Yuan, China's attempt to introduce a digital currency that is both backed and controlled by its central bank, and a joint venture with SWIFT (the international payment and cross-border payment gateway). Although China's not going to replace its fiat currency with the Digital Yuan completely, it's too soon to tell as trials are still going on with central banks, like the People's Bank of China, leading the operation.
What is the Digital Yuan?
Officially known as a Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP), China wants to replace its fiat currency with the digital one to encourage cashless transactions, ushering in a new era for world economics. Like Bitcoin, it also relies on blockchain technology to facilitate and verify transactions, but unlike Bitcoin, it is centrally controlled by regulatory authorities and backed up by fiat currency reserves.
The rest of the world's gain?
Novogratz added that while a lot of crypto-related activity and trading is currently focused within Asia and in China specifically, the latest crackdown could result in a shift of the industry elsewhere that could prove a boon for participants in the rest of the world.
Possible beneficiaries could be non-China based miners such as Argo Blockchain PLC, which operates Bitcoin mining facilities in Canada and the US, as well as non-Chinese crypto exchanges such as Coinbase Global Inc.
Countries with less strict rules around digital currency could also see an influx of miners, particularly those offering cheap electricity or favourable regulation. A notable example may be the Central American nation of El Salvador, which made Bitcoin legal tender earlier this month.
Some of China's biggest players in the sector are also seeking out greener pastures following the latest crackdown, with both mining machine maker Canaan Inc and crypto mining heavyweight BIT Mining setting up bases of operation in neighbouring Kazakhstan.
Or the planet's loss?
There's also speculation that the Chinese government may be concerned about optics: crypto mining's reputation as an environmental disaster doesn't square with the China's desire to be seen as a leader in green energy, with XiJinPing pledging that the country will be carbon-neutral by 2060. China still accounts for more than half of Bitcoin mining: concerns related to the climate as bitcoin mining requires tremendous amounts of energy to run Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) – computers that solve complex cryptographic mathematical problems part of the verification process in the blockchain.
The move of mining operators to Kazakhstan may be a particular concern, given the country derives over 90% of its electricity from fossil fuels. By contrast, the Chinese province of Sichuan, which until recently served as a crypto mining hub, derives large portions of its electrical power from hydroelectricity.
Any move toward less climate-friendly energy usage is also likely to give institutional investors pause when considering crypto investments.
Future Cryptocurrency Regulations
There's no indication that China intends to lift or loosen its ban on cryptocurrencies anytime soon but recent developments suggest that the government intends to position the country as a leader in the crypto space. Those developments include statements by Chinese government officials endorsing blockchain technology, the extensive trial and testing of the central bank's digital currency.


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Execution failed for task ':nativeLib'.
Am I doing something wrong, or is it not supported for Spark 2.2.1?
What version of g++ do you have?
We've seen something like this before, I don't exactly remember how it was fixed.
@danking you've looked into this, right? Wasn't this problem related to https://github.com/hail-is/hail/pull/5354?
remove -Wextra from line 125 of src/main/c/Makefile, or upgrade to a more recent version of gcc. For example, GCC 8.3.0 does not report this.