Purpose: To investigate the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to recurrent corneal melting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with primary Sjörgen's syndrome (pSS).
Methods: One native melted cornea and ten melted corneal grafts from two patients with severe pSS were used. The presence of MMPs (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 13) was detected using indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. The active forms of MMP 2 and 9 and MMP 3 and 7 were examined by gelatin and casein zymography, respectively. The concentrations of active MMP 1 were measured using an activity assay. Eleven unaffected corneas served as controls.
Results: The average values of the staining intensity revealed very intense MMP 1, intense MMP 2, 7, and 9 and moderate MMP 3 and 8 positivity, in the corneal epithelium of melted corneas. Intense MMP 1 and 9 staining, moderate MMP 2, 3, and 8 staining, and weak MMP 7 staining were found in the anterior stroma. The posterior stroma revealed intense MMP 1, moderate MMP 3 and 9, and weak MMP 2, 7, and 8 positivity. Immunostaining of the endothelium was moderate for MMP 9 and weak for MMP 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8. MMP 13 was negative in all but four melted specimens, where weak-to-moderate staining was found in the epithelium and stroma. Control corneas revealed moderate MMP 1 and 2 and weak MMP 8 staining in the epithelium, weak MMP 2 staining in the anterior stroma, and weak MMP 1 and 8 staining in the endothelium. Significantly elevated MMP 1 activity and extremely elevated MMP 9 activity were found in most of the tested pathological specimens, compared to healthy controls, where no activity of the two enzymes was present. Markedly elevated MMP 2 activity was found in 2 of 11 specimens, compared to normal tissue. The inactive form of MMP 3 was detected in half of the tested specimens, and inactive MMP 7 in all melted corneas. Active MMP 3 and 7 were found in one melted sample. Neither of these MMPs was found in any of the control specimens.
Conclusions: The increased expression and elevated activity of a wide range of MMPs in melted cornea samples from two patients diagnosed with pSS confirm that these enzymes contribute to the tissue destruction, leading to serious consequences such as corneal perforation and loss of vision.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with an estimated prevalence of only about 0.5%. It is characterized by the destruction of the lachrymal and salivary glands, resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca syndrome (KCS) and xerostomia [1-3]. There is lymphocytic infiltration in the exocrine glands and the production of various autoantibodies [1,4,5]. Extraglandular systemic manifestations may involve several tissues and organs [3,6-8]. The ethiopathogenesis of pSS is complex; environmental factors are thought to trigger inflammation in individuals with a genetic predisposition, but the exact underlying cause remains unknown [2,5].
Most patients do not exhibit severe ocular complications. Those that need to attend ophthalmology clinics have been found to suffer, in addition to dry eye, from bacterial keratitis, pannus formation, and sterile corneal melting [9-11].
Corneal melting (keratolysis) is a rare, occasionally recurrent condition. It is characterized by the development of epithelial defects and the gradual reduction of stromal components, which may lead to descemetocele formation and subsequent perforation of the cornea [12-15]. Less than 20 cases of sterile corneal melting or corneal ulcers in association with pSS have been described in the literature [11,16,17]. Although the exact mechanism of corneal melting has not been elucidated, it is often linked to the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are considered mainly responsible for the destruction and consequent loss of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [18-21]. Most of these endopeptidases are synthesized as inactive proenzymes that are activated by proteolytic cleavage [22,23]. On the basis of substrate specificity, sequence similarity, and domain organization, MMPs are classified into six groups: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane type MMPs, and others. In the cornea, MMPs can be produced by keratocytes, epithelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages [20,24-27].
In this study, seven MMPs representing four main groups of these endopeptidases were investigated in extremely severe cases of KCS associated with pSS. These included collagenases (MMPs 1, 8, 13) capable of cleaving collagen types I, II, and III ; gelatinases (MMP 2 and 9) capable of degrading collagen types IV, V, and VI, as well as decorin, fibronectin, and laminin [28-30]; and stromelysins (MMP 3) and matrilysins (MMP 7), which have similar substrates—type IV collagen, procollagens, collagen cross-links, fibronectin, and laminin [22,23]. We report recurrent corneal melting in two patients with severe pSS and its relation to the activity of major MMPs.
The study adhered to the tenets set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. Local Ethics Committee approval was granted. All melted explants were obtained from the Department of Ophthalmology, General Teaching Hospital and the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, in Prague.
A 77-year-old patient was diagnosed with pSS elsewhere at the age of 71. She tested positive for anti-SS-A/Ro, anti-SS-B/La, and antinuclear antibodies. No extraglandular manifestations were noted. Systemic immunosuppression administered to the patient included various combinations of cyclophosphamide, prednisolon, azathioprin, methylprednisolon, cyclosporine A, and mycophenolate mofetil. Upon first examination in our Department of Ophthalmology in 2002 at age 74, the patient presented with bilateral severe dry eye syndrome. In the course of three years, she suffered from numerous episodes of corneal melting, requiring a number of surgical procedures. In the right eye, seven penetrating keratoplasties were performed (6 grafts were used as specimens S2, S3, S4, S6, S7, and S8), along with a number of amniotic membrane transplants, tarsorrhaphies, and other surgeries aimed at improving the condition of the ocular surface and preventing progressive tissue melting. In the left eye, the patient underwent four penetrating keratoplasties (her native cornea was used as specimen S1 and one graft as specimen S5), as well as other, similar, surgeries to the right eye. Despite all the measures undertaken, her condition could not be controlled, and it led to bilateral blindness.
In case 2, the symptoms related to pSS started at the age of 46 when swollen salivary glands, xerostomia, and severe dry eye symptoms were noted by the patient. Histopathology from a labial salivary gland biopsy sample showed focal sialadenitis that was consistent with a diagnosis of pSS. The patient tested positive for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and Scl70 antibodies. Subsequently she also developed arthralgias. Systemic immunosuppression therapy was started at the age of 50. Initially, the patient was treated with oral prednisolon; later, various combinations of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and methylprednisolon were added. Upon first ocular examination at age 46, she had signs of moderate dry eye syndrome in both eyes. She gradually developed severe dry eye syndrome bilaterally. When the patient reached the age of 58, the first signs of peripheral ulcerative keratitis were observed in the right eye, followed three years later in the left eye. She rapidly developed corneal thinning, and underwent her first keratoplasty in the right eye at the age of 59 (specimen S9), followed by numerous other procedures due to complications related to melting of the graft, including two penetrating keratoplasties (specimens S10 and S11). At the last follow up visit, her visual acuity was full light projection in the right eye and hand movements with full projection of light in the left eye.
Eleven melted corneal specimens of the two patients were processed within three h after surgery. Eleven unaffected donor corneal buttons (mean age 59.8±16.9 years) that were unsuitable for transplantation, due to their low endothelial cell density, served as controls (obtained from the Ocular Tissue Bank, General Teaching Hospital, Prague). The mean time from the donor's deaths to enucleation was 15 h, and the mean time from death to tissue freezing was 17 h. All specimens were dissected into two halves, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at 70 ºC. Prior to freezing, one-half was embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound (Christine Gröpl, Tulln, Austria). Before the activity assessment, the specimens were thawed, were homogenized in cacodylate buffer (0.1 M cacodylic acid, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M CaCl2, 1.5 mM NaN3, 0.005% Triton X-100, and 0.1 nM ZnCl2), and underwent protein extraction for 2 days at 4 °C. Next, they were centrifuged for 30 min at 10,000× g; the supernatants were removed and frozen at -20 °C.
Cryosections (7 μm thick) from each of the control and melted specimens were placed on gelatin-coated glass slides (four per slide), fixed with cold acetone for 10 min, rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and incubated for 30 min in 3% hydrogen peroxide in PBS. After washing in PBS, the specimens were blocked for 30 min with 2.5% bovine serum albumin in PBS. Then the slides were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with the primary antibodies listed in Table 1. Subsequently, the slides were washed in PBS, and the secondary antibodies (polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse IgG and swine anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with biotin, 1:200; DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark) were applied for 1 h. After rinsing in PBS (three times for 5 min each), streptavidin/HRP (1:250; DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark) was added for 30 min. Finally, the slides were developed with 0.06% 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) in PBS, counterstained with Harris hematoxylin, and mounted with Eukit (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland). Negative control specimens (primary antibody omitted) were included on each slide. Samples of human placenta (MMP 1, 2, 3, and 7) and breast carcinoma (MMP 7, 8, 9, and 13) were used as positive controls [31,32]. The intensity of the signal was assessed separately in the epithelium, anterior stroma, posterior stroma, and endothelium using five grades of positivity: 0 (negative), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), 3 (intense), 4 (very intense). The mean average positivity was calculated from at least three sections of two independent experiments.
All specimens (native cellular protein quantity, 8.5 μg) were treated with sample buffer (1.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 15% glycerol, and 0.005% bromphenol blue). Gelatin and casein zymography were performed for the detection of MMP 2 and 9, and MMP 3 and 7, respectively, using 10% polyacrylamide gel containing 0.1% gelatin (AppliChem GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) and 12% gel copolymerized with 0.09% β-casein (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). In brief, 20 μl of each specimen were loaded onto the gels, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed at 200 V at 4 °C for gelatin zymography, and at 20 mA at 4 °C for casein zymography. After electrophoresis, the gels were twice rinsed in 2.5% Triton X-100 for 30 min at room temperature to remove the SDS, then incubated in reaction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5; 200 mM NaCl,; 5 mM CaCl2; and 0.02% 23 lauryl ether[Brij-35]) at 37 °C overnight to allow the proteinases to digest their substrates. The gels were stained for 1 h at room temperature in 0.5% Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 (Serva Electrophoresis, Heidelberg, Germany) in 40% methanol and 10% acetic acid, then destained with a mixture of 40% methanol and 10% acetic acid. Proteolytic activities appeared as clear bands of lysis against a dark background of stained gelatin or casein.
The concentrations of the active forms of MMP 1 were determined using a commercial kit (Amersham matrix metalloproteinase-1 Biotrak Activity assay system, Amersham Biosciences, Amersham, UK) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The values of the color reaction of the assays were read at 405 nm in a SUNRISE ELISA Reader (Tecan Trading AG, Männedorf, Switzerland). The activity of MMP 1 in ten samples was determined by interpolation from the standard curve. The activity assay could not be performed in S3, due to the lack of sufficient specimens.
The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences between the control and the experimental groups. A p value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
All control corneas exhibited regular morphology, with a five- to six-layered epithelium. Severe damage was observed in most of the pathological specimens, ranging up to the complete absence of the epithelial layers and, in some specimens, a partly dissolved Bowmann's layer and a partly dissolved edge of the anterior stroma in the area of the lesions.
The levels of staining of antibodies against particular MMPs in control samples were averaged. No prominent differences in MMP staining were found among the individual control specimens for any of the MMPs tested. Moderate staining for MMP 1 and 2, and weak staining for MMP 8, were detected in the epithelium. A weak signal for MMP 2 was observed adjacent to Bowman's layer, in approximately one-sixth of the anterior stroma. Weak staining was also found for MMP 1 and 8 in the endothelium of the control specimens. Immunostaining for MMP 3, 7, 9, and 13 was completely negative in all layers of all control corneas (Figure 1).
The staining intensity of different MMPs in melted specimens is summarized in Table 2. Immunohistochemical staining of both the control and melted specimens is shown in Figure 1. In the melted specimens, stronger staining for MMP 9 was found in the epithelial fragments of all tested corneas, if they were not destroyed. It was also found for MMP 1, 2, 3, and 7 in almost all melted corneas, compared to the controls. Increased staining for MMP 1 and 9 was found in the whole stroma in all tested corneas, and for MMP 2, 3, 7, and 8 in almost all melted grafts, compared to the controls. Positivity staining for MMP 2, 3, and 7 was detected in the endothelium of a few melted specimens, while staining for MMP 9 was observed in all melted grafts. MMP 13 revealed only a weak-to-moderate staining pattern in the epithelial fragments and in the stroma of four specimens and in the endothelium of one specimen.
Gelatin and casein zymography-- Using gelatin zymography, 2 of the 11 melted specimens (S1 and S2) displayed extremely high levels of both the proenzyme and active form of MMP 2, compared to the control corneas. Levels of MMP 9 proenzyme and the active form were extremely high in seven (S4, S6-S11) melted specimens and prominent in one (S5). Three melted specimens (S1-S3) revealed faint bands for both forms of MMP 9, and two controls did so for MMP 9 proenzyme only (Figure 2A).
Casein zymography revealed neither the proenzyme nor the active enzyme of MMP 3 or 7 in any of the control specimens. Negligible levels of the proform of MMP 3 were found in five melted specimens (S1, S2, S6, S7, and S9). Both forms, the proform and active MMP 3, were detected in one sample (S5) only. Nine melted corneas (S2-S10) revealed high levels of MMP 7 proenzyme and its intermediate cleavage product. Two samples (S1 and S11) revealed low levels. Very low levels of active MMP 7 were found in one specimen (S7) only (Figure 3).
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 activity assay-- The active form of MMP 1 was found in eight of ten melted corneas at concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 3.03 ng/ml (p=0.0011). No activity was detected in the control specimens (Table 3).
In this study, we present two cases with pSS undergoing rapidly progressive recurrent corneal melting despite all available treatment, including immunosuppression. We obtained two series of tissue specimens from the eyes of one repeatedly grafted patient: six consecutive ones from the right eye, and two from the left . We also obtained one series of three consecutive tissue samples from the right eye of another patient with pSS. Our findings clearly demonstrated the increased presence of MMP 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9, as well as higher activity of MMP 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9, in the pathological pSS specimens, compared to the control tissue.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these enzymes have been studied in corneal melting associated with pSS. Previously, differences in corneal MMP expression were detected in patients with keratolysis associated with rheumatoid arthritis , an autoimmune disorder that has some overlapping clinical features with pSS, and in patients with melted corneas after cataract surgery and photorefractive keratectomy, both of which are treated with diclophenac [18,19,33]. Our study demonstrated a statistically significant higher activity of MMP 1 and a high expression of MMP 9 in the corneal epithelium and stroma. Both these results conform to the immunostaining results of others [18,19,21,33]. As for MMP 2, its overexpression in both the epithelium and stroma, as well as its higher activity, have been reported in other investigations [18,33]. However, one study showed only a weak presence of MMP 2 in the stroma of a patient who had undergone cataract surgery and had been treated with diclophenac . Our results also demonstrated variability in the MMP 2 expression in melted corneas, since only 2 of the 11 specimens revealed a considerable increase in its activity, compared to the controls. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that MMP 2 activity is limited to a short period in the melting process, unlike the other MMPs. This hypothesis is supported by delays in the activity increase of this enzyme in corneas after alkali burn, suggesting its role to be in the regeneration and remodeling of the corneal ECM, rather than in the degradation process [34,35].
A marked increase of MMP 3 in the epithelium and stroma of melted grafts has been detected previously, in the stroma of a patient after photorefractive keratectomy treated with topical diclofenac . Although we confirmed the presence of MMP 3 in melted corneas as well, we were not able to detect a prominent increase in its activity. This may be due to the low sensitivity of casein zymography . Unfortunately, there was not enough material available to perform other, more sensitive methods of MMP 3 detection.
Our study is the first to demonstrate the presence and activity of MMP 7 in melted corneas. Additionally, casein zymography showed a large quantity of inactive MMP 7 in all tested specimens and active MMP 7 in one specimen. We suggest that MMP 7 is an important element in the degradation of the corneal basement membrane in corneal melting, as it was abundant in the corneal epithelium, especially in its basal layer.
Up to now, MMP 8 has been studied only in one melted cornea following cataract surgery, where it was found to be considerably increased in both the epithelium and stroma . In our study, we found a weak-to-moderate presence of this enzyme in both the epithelium and stroma. We attribute such differences to the fact that the occurrence of MMP 8 in the stroma depends on the presence of neutrophils , the distribution of which may vary among melted corneas [19,37,38].
We also found a weak increase in the presence of MMP 13 in the stroma of three samples. To the best of our knowledge, no other study has previously evaluated MMP 13 in melted corneas. The expression of MMP 13 has only been described in the epithelium of wounded corneas  and in the epithelium and stroma of corneas with keratoconus .
We did not observe any trend towards an increase or decrease of individual MMP expression over time, or of disease progression, in any of the consecutive patient samples. Instead, the combination of MMPs detected seemed to be completely different in each specimen. This could have a number of causes, such as the different stages of melting at which the explants were obtained. It may also be that the expression of MMPs showed local variations within individual specimens, depending on the distance from the central melting point. It should be noted, however, that the staining and activity of individual MMPs were similar for consecutive sections obtained from each specimen.
MMPs in patients suffering from primary SS have previously been studied in tears , saliva , and salivary glands [43,44]. It has been suggested that the activation of these enzymes is the key factor responsible for the corneal barrier disruption, as well as for the destruction of the salivary glands [42,44-46]. Given the characteristic features of pSS, there may be more than one mechanism leading to the induction of different MMPs. For example, lymphocytic infiltrates secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines  that are known to initiate MMP expression in various tissues via different pathways . Up-regulated IL-1β, found in the tears of pSS patients , could also play a role in the expression of MMPs, especially MMP 9, via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways . Finally, a mouse model of dry eye has shown that desiccation and hyperosmolar stress may lead to the induction of MMPs via the stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines [45,47]. We hypothesize that in advanced cases of pSS, such as in our patients, MMPs may be upregulated to such an extent that the epithelial barrier is substantially degraded, followed by the dissolution of its basement membrane (caused mainly by MMP 3, 7, and 9) and the gradual degradation of the stroma, involving MMP 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9. After the stroma is completely lost, a descemetocele is formed, and finally the integrity of the whole cornea is disrupted.
The fact that none of the disease-modifying therapies used in these patients was effective in decreasing MMP production and keratolysis suggests that different treatment strategies with anti-MMP therapies should be considered in similar cases, such as using recombinant tissue inhibitors of MMPs  or chemical inhibitors of MMPs. For example, the TNF-α antagonist infliximab has been shown to inhibit one of the activators of MMP production . Direct inhibition of MMPs can be achieved by tetracyclines, medroxyprogesteron, or ion-chelating agents such as cysteine or thylenediaminetetraacetic acid [50-53]. Finally, an alternative approach in keratolysis treatment could be focused on the recovery and strengthening of the collagen structure by collagen cross-linking .
Our study examined extremely severe cases of corneal melting associated with pSS, and has elucidated the participation of some MMPs in this destructive process. It confirmed that these enzymes play an important role in the severe degradation of corneal tissue leading to corneal perforation and loss of vision. Their involvement suggests that MMP inhibitors may play an important role in the treatment of this condition.
This study was supported by the research project of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports MSM0021620806/20610011.


With so many changes taking place around us, even the healthcare industry is transforming by going paperless. Even after spending hours in sorting paper work, physicians used to find themselves drowning in a sea of administrative errors due to poor communication with their practice staff along with their patients. This gave rise to a spiral of problems which pulled physicians away from their practice. In a survey conducted by different EMR vendors, it was found that physicians desperately needed better care coordination with patients. Therefore, many EMR vendors have integrated Patient Portals with EMR systems.
Patient Portal ensures patient-physician connectivity at all times, improving the overall patient experience while ensuring better care delivery. It simplifies clinical tasks by treating patient queries according to their level of priority, thereby eliminating paper hassles and irrelevant concerns. Furthermore, Patient Portal provides connectivity round the clock, which means that patients can schedule their appointments online and can get copies of their reports directly from the system. Instant communication also improves the patient-provider association; making patients more comfortable in discussing their problems more openly.
"My research indicated that patients demand online connectivity with physicians and that availability of information online helps patients manage their health better, thus, reducing the number of complaints. For that matter, if I see myself as a patient, I would certainly be more comfortable if my reports are on my computer screen at all times", says a health IT consultant.
Patient Portal is not only useful for patients, as physicians need to stay connected with their patients as well. Through an online portal, patients are intimated about clinical and administrative alerts, which reduce the chance of human errors to a bare minimum. In addition to this, Patient Portal brings down the overhead costs, streamlines workflows and ensures compliance with industry standards. As a consequence, the level of patient satisfaction is increased by many folds, along with the quality of healthcare.
Keeping these requirements in mind, it is justifiable to consider all-in-one cloud EHR solutions that are provided by some established EHR vendors. Instead of signing up for different solutions like EHR, Patient Portal, Medical Billing System and Practice Management Software separately, physicians can now easily avail them in a unified package. Therefore, such solutions are gaining immense importance due to the same reason.


I uploaded the photos of my Mom's 80th birthday party. My great-niece actually snapped most of the photos.
Here's one that shows me, all of my brothers and sisters, our mom, a great niece and a couple of my great nephews.
Going to Tampa for my mom's 80th birthday party & family reunion.
Here's a photo of my mom and I at the 2005 Rose Parade.
It speaks to the non-scientist person's human concern for the world. Conservation is presented as something that can be helped by an incremental contribution.
It elicits a feeling of membership as we gather in groups to root for one turtle or another. A sense of ownership and/or membership is a powerful component of a conversation for action.
It is an affirmation of life; these female turtles just laid eggs, after all. This positive message underscores the threat of extinction at the same time that it focuses on the goal of life.
It utilizes the human predilection for competition, rather than bemoaning it. When you stop to think about it, the turtles aren't racing each other. The human narrative, however is one of competition, therefore we're calling it a race. Understanding the human situation and working within it is a wise move on the part of people who desire to change the course of huge populations of humans who are affecting ever smaller populations of leatherback turtles.
I applaud the race organizers, especially TOPP Tagging of Pacific Predators. It looks like they led the charge and essentially came up with the idea. Brilliant strategic marketing!
I took the Jasper Strengths Test and got overlapping results from the Strengths Finder test in Now, Discover Your Strengths by Marcus Buckingham and Donald O. Clifton.
Here is an image of my test results.
Three people I care very much about had very bad weekends.
Two of my good friends have had personal tragedies that occurred over the weekend.
I helped in the best way I could for all three: visiting, listening, cooking, and generally "being there." My Easter wish is for resurrection of mind, body, and spirits for all three.
Michael and I started INeedCoffee.com 8 years ago today. Go visit INeedCoffee now.
Years ago, I used the site to showcase my skills as a technical writer. INeedCoffee used to have a very comprehensive set of help files for the back-end; which I'd show as a part of job interviews. How funny is that?
Over the years, I've played many roles….
Here's looking forward to eight more years of Caffeination Information!
You read the title of the blog post correctly. First, let me start by saying that this is not an April Fools Day joke. You might want to check the temperature in hell to see if it has frozen over.
That's right folks… about a week ago, with no warning or precedent, I was challenged participate in a 5K, and I took the challenge. I didn't really train for the race. I literally haven't even attempted to run a mile since grade school. No joke, it has been that long. Even then I never ran the mile, I walked at least part of it.
Here's a link to the photo gallery to prove that I did it. Gracias to MAS for taking the photos.
You are currently browsing the Lura.net Blog archives for April, 2007.


PT ASABRI (Persero) - ASABRI is a reputable state-owned company in Indonesia with strong business focus on social insurance industry. Since its founding in 1971, ASABRI has business competencies in managing pension funds for the members of Indonesian Military (TNI), Indonesian Police (POLRI) and the Civil Servants (PNS) in the Ministry of Defense (Kemhan). ASABRI is a non listed state-owned company and is fully-owned by the Government of Republic of Indonesia. As of December 2016, ASABRI has served by 34 office networks spread in all over Indonesia, served by 501 employees. Its office networks comprise of 1 main branch office, 12 branch offices, 20 sub branch offices, and 1 special service unit. ASABRI's head office is registered at Gedung PT ASABRI (Persero), Jl Mayjen Sutoyo No 11 Jakarta 13630.
In the business year of 2016, ASABRI recorded a satisfactory performance growth. According to PT ASABRI (Persero) Annual Report 2016 as cited by JobsCDC.com, ASABRI recorded total revenue of Rp 5,182.61 billion in 2016. This number reflected an increase by 24.26% from Rp 4,170.74 billion in 2016. ASABRI successfully recorded a total profit of Rp 537.62 billion in 2016, increasing from Rp 346.71 billion in 2015.
Male, maximum age of 35 years old (single/not married).
Background in Bachelor or Master Degree (S1/S2), majoring in Finance Management and Human Resources Management.
Have no marital or blood relationship with the employees and / or directors, and / or board of commissioners ASABRI.
JobsCDC.com now available on android device. Download now on Google Play here. Please be aware of recruitment fraud. The entire stage of this selection process is free of charge. PT ASABRI (Persero) - S1, S2 Fresh Graduate, Experienced Staff ASABRI January 2018 will never ask for fees or upfront payments for any purposes during the recruitment process such as transportation and accommodation.


With the recently gorgeous weather here in Boston, we start dreaming of new horizons, and spending more time in nature.
How about one of these films set in the countryside for your next movie night? We share our selection of comedies, dramas and documentaries where nature is one of the stars!
Here is a selection of DVDs with English subtitles.


Life continues to go well for Amanda and me. Another week has flown by with little more than a blink. It is alarming how quickly they seem to be going. There are a couple of notes to make besides that of school and work.
I received an e-mail this morning letting me know we now have well over a foot of snow at the homestead in Idaho! How exciting is that? We are still in the 80's here.
Amanda and I have organized a Halloween Party on the 25th of October. We are pretty excited to have a little get together of about 25-30 here at our home. We are really looking forward to it. We are even going to get our sewer half of our plumbing done before then so we have our main bathroom's sink and toilet available. Baby steps! Hopefully they won't look behind the shower curtain to see the missing bathtub and rotten floor. One of the guys at school has joked about coming as Mom. It will be the 10th anniversary.
I went to another little auction yesterday up in Guthrie. If you wouldn't believe it, I found another couple of steals. I came home with some Shakespeare volumes (from 1881!) and about 150 other books for $2.50. Some of the other books included a Hemingway set of 3, a Dickens set of 4, and 1930's Treasure Island, and other random interesting books. Looking online, I could make over $100 for my $2.50. However, most of the volumes I could sell I wanted for my own collection. We kept about 20. The other 100+ will be going to the thrift store. I did find a little hall table for $2.50. We will have to sand it down and clean it up, but Amanda has already declared she loves it. I walked away with a bow saw, a water cooler, and other little random things. It was worth it. Holt, from school also went, and he picked up some great deals too.
Today was a busy day. We didn't set our clocks for getting up so we missed the first 15 minutes of church. We missed Amanda being sustained on the Enrichment Committee. We also missed the Sacrament. I am feeling a bit inactive since we have now missed it for two weeks. Apostasy setting in! I made up for it after church. I went with the missionaries and we tried to find about 15 lost sheep for more than 3 hours. We were able to locate some good information. I was happy to report about 15 individuals to the Elder's Quorum President with address updates for at least 8 of them. Most of them are not in our ward so they will have to be sent elsewhere.
I haven't told anyone, but I have been asked to teach some of the family history classes for the new FamilySearch. My first class was on Friday night. There were about 50 people there. I was slightly deceived on what I was teaching. I thought I was teaching a small number of family history consultants for the Oklahoma City Stake. Nope. I was teaching Family History Stake Directors for the entire Oklahoma City Temple District. There were individuals there from Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. All over the temple district! The class was apparently such a success they delayed my teaching the second class for a week. Rather than teaching the second lesson this coming Friday, I am now re-teaching the first lesson with the entire Stake's Membership invited. Yikes!! Meaning, we are setting up the cultural hall for the lessons!! So much for keeping under the radar for callings in Oklahoma City. Here I am teaching all who choose to attend from the entire stake. Not to mention with the temple district's consultants invited to come back for the second lesson and third lessons. The funny part was my Bishopric told me they would let me coast a little since I am in law school. They just wanted me to help with lost sheep and Home Teaching where needed. Somehow I ended up with a class teaching a stake?? Oddly, it isn't even a calling, I was just asked to teach the class. This family history thing is haunting me! It just won't leave me alone!
Time to sign off. I need to read a little bit for my torts class tomorrow. Yeah for negligence.


text:
T20 World Cup 2021 | It's been a surreal campaign, will play with freedom against India, says Namibia's Stephen Baard
>cricket
Namibia will play their last Super 12s game against India on Monday
Namibia opener Stephen Baard labelled his team T20 World Cup 2021 campaign as "surreal", and stated that the team will play with freedom against India in their last game of the tournament in Dubai on Monday. Namibia had qualified for the Super 12s stage after an impressive show in Round 1.
Namibia, in their T20 World Cup participation, were slotted alongside Sri Lanka, Ireland and Netherlands in Group A of the Qualifiers Round 1. They registered impressive wins against Ireland and Netherlands to storm into the Super 12s. They defeated Scotland first up in Super 12s, before going down to full-members Afghanistan, Pakistan and New Zealand thereafter.
The Gerhard Earamus led side is now out of the semifinal race, and opener Stephen Baard eyes the last match against India as an opportunity for the players to express themselves.
"It gives us the chance to play with freedom," said Baard. "That's the big one. It's a big group and every game is a big game, but to finish off with the India team? It's something to look forward to. It's something that a couple of months ago, you didn't even think about, so yeah - we're looking forward to that one.
"It's been absolutely massive. We've enjoyed every single minute of it. We want to compete, we're here to compete, but in the same sense, we want to learn as much as possible. We want to see what these guys do on and off the field and up until this point, it's been surreal.
The opening batsman added that it is tough to learn in a short space during a tournament like this.
"It gives us the opportunity to express ourselves a little bit more, Baard said. "We're used to playing in qualifiers where every game is almost a do or die type game. Here, the intensity is so much different to what we're used to and the discipline is so much better than what we're used to but it's a great learning experience.
"It is tough, I'll be honest about that. It is tough to learn in a short space of time in between games when you only have two or three days in between. To execute your plans and talk about different approaches to different players at this level, it can be quite tough, but it's a great experience and it's great to be part of it. Going forward, I know we're going to the World Cup next year as well, so it's something that we need to work on for the next 12 months."
Namibia had showed sparks of brilliance against Pakistan earlier this week, which promted appreciations from the opposition camp. They were in control for a major part of first half against New Zealand on Friday, before late blitz from Glenn Phillips and Jimmy Neesham titled the game's balance. Baard admitted that New Zealand adding 67 runs in the last four overs took the game away from his team, and hoped for improvement on that front going forward.
"On the bowling front, it will definitely be about executing certain plans, especially on a field where the one side is a lot bigger than the other," Baard said. "The big part from the batting side will just be to see how they execute at the back end. That's one of the things I spoke about along with their batters next to the field - how they change it up in the last four or five overs and where their options would be."
Stephen Baard
Gerhard Erasmus
T 20 World Cup
T 20 World Cup 2021
Namibia Cricket Team
India Cricket Team

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The thesis is original scholarship and makes a distinct contribution to knowledge. It shows familiarity with previous work in the field, and demonstrates the ability to plan and carry out research, organize findings, and defend the approach and conclusions in a scholarly manner. It is succinct and reflects the standards of the discipline, recognizing the value of music and music research beyond the "academia".
Below you will find thesis information for music students. For more comprehensive guidelines, visit McGill's GPS website.
The thesis document will be reviewed by an expert from outside the University (external examiner), and a Schulich School of Music faculty member in discipline expertise (internal examiner).
Each of the following criteria are ranked on the following scale, Excellent, Very Good, Good, Satisfactory, Fail.
Quality of presentation (coherence, lucidity, grammar, style, freedom from typographical errors).
The committee consists of a minimum of two professors - your supervisor and one other.
The proposal is approved by the supervisor and then submitted to the faculty members of the Music Technology Area by the deadlines indicated below.
Pass (with no revisions): indicates that the Area Chair may sign the PhD Dissertation Proposal Form, and the proposal and the proposal form will be forwarded to the Music Graduate Studies Office by the Area Chair.
Provisional Pass (with minor revisions): indicates that the candidate must revise the proposal based on feedback provided by the faculty members of the Music Technology Area.
Once they are satisfied with the revisions, the Area Chair may sign the PhD Dissertation Proposal Form, and the revised proposal and the proposal form will be forwarded to the Music Graduate Studies Office by the Area Chair.
Fail (major revisions required): indicates that major revisions are needed and that a new proposal must be submitted.
For Ph.D. proposals only, it will be standard practice for Graduate Studies to circulate the approved proposals to the Graduate Music Research Sub-Committee members, so that further comments and suggestions may be offered to the candidate.
Your supervisor may find some useful tips for selecting examiners on the Graduate Supervision website.
Download the Nomination of Examiners Form (Doctoral) from the Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies website. Discuss with your supervisor(s) who should be the internal and external examiners.
Confirm that your supervisor has ensured availability of examiner and received confirmation (via email) duly indicated on the form that they do not have conflict of interest on each of the indicated points.
With the approval of the Associate Dean, submit your thesis online with a copy to Graduatestudies.music [at] mcgill.ca and your supervisor(s). The oral defence will be scheduled in 4-8 weeks.
Review the examiner's comments with your supervisor and make revisions if required. Consult the Associate Dean (Graduate Studies) and the GPS website if the thesis has not been passed.
Notify your supervisor(s) that this has been completed. Your supervisor will review and issue the final confirmation.
Many helpful hints about content, developing the right mindset, and practice can be found on the Graduate Supervision website. ProDeans, who oversee the defenses, remind us that they come hoping to hear some music!
Decide if you are doing a chapter- or manuscript based thesis early. Know the elements comprising the final document and review periodically in light of the evaluation criteria.
Assemble all software packages that your work will require at the outset (e.g., statistical or other analytical tools, notational, word processing, bibliography, illustration tools, etc.). Write a short "test" document and apply the McGill software package formatting to understand style implications and any potential challenges for your work (e.g., margins, fonts, headings, etc.).
Review the Schulich School of Music Style Guide pertaining to style manuals and music.
Keep a file tracking the style choices you make from the very beginning.
Assemble musical examples, figures, and illustrations in a separate file, even in preliminary sketch form, keeping an overall tracking record that details what each requires for final thesis inclusion (e.g., formatting, copyright release and permissions, etc.). Check and update the tracking file periodically. Use the talents of others to format musical examples as a major time-saver and to facilitate proof-reading.
Consider copyright practicalities at the outset. Collect written permission to use materials as soon as possible.
Develop a schedule with your supervisors and other dissertation committee members. Think of each marker – not as a deadline, but as a checking in moment, a reporting that always involves some element of writing even if it involves only two lines of summary that will eventually become the basis for determining the "header" of an outline, the first line under the header, or a working hypothesis. This way, the research and the writing can become inter-connected and benefit from the clarity of thought and direction that each provides the other. For other helpful hints on how to develop the schedule as you define your topic, see here. Recognize that any step involving human interactions will require more time than anticipated. Plan well ahead when organizing trips to archives, festivals, research labs, etc.
Draw on the resources of the whole Schulich School of Music Team and beyond: become long and lasting friends with the Library Faculty, attend grant writing sessions for funding tips, the labs of other supervisors, and call upon the expertise of Prof. Lena Weman, the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies in Music, and Helene Drouin, Graduate Studies for questions small or large, research or procedural, or if you are merely feeling the pressure and angst of this and that. Writing assistance may also be obtained through Graphos.
For other helpful hints, see the Graduate Supervision website. Know that usually you are not the most effective proof-reader, that it takes much longer than you ever imagined, and that at least once, the computer, the electricity, the plumbing or some other critical disaster will occur at the most inopportune moment.
And did we say, take time for fun, nourishment and living life—each day, each week, each month!


The organ is rebuild and extended to 14 stops. The organ was originally built in 1982 by Bruno Christensen & Sønner, in 2005 it was installed on a new gallery. The manual divisions were placed on shared windchest. A new swell organ will be placed over the main organ. The organ front will be equipped with additional 8′ pipes.
In 1946 Marcussen & Søn built the organ for the concert hall, which was then the home of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation. In 2009 and 2017 the electro-pneumatic action was restored and equipped with new digital transmitting and combinations systems. Further the wind system was restored and two stops were added in the pedal: Basun 16′ og Trompet 8′, and the existing chamade changed stop names to Trompette 8′ og Bombarde 16′. In 2020 the organ will be revoiced.
In 2018-2020 the main organ at Århus Cathedral will be restored. The organ was built by Th. Frobenius & Co. in 1928, with reuse of the L.D. Kastens facade from 1730. The majority of the pipes are from 1928, however with numerous later rebuilds. The pipework also contains material from 1730 (L.D. Kastens), 1855 (P.U.F. Demant), 1869-76 (J.A. Demant).
The specification of the 1928 organ will be reconstructed, by relocation of pipes to their original divisions and by reconstruction of pipes, partly by using old, adequate pipe material.
The organ was built by Marcussen & Søn in 1945 and a rückpositive was added in 1992. In 2019 new stops will be added in great and swell divisions, the wind system will be changed to wedge shaped bellows. The pedal will be relocated and extended, built in to a separate organ case situated in the north side of the gallery. The extended organ will have 31 stops on great, swell, rückpostive and pedal. Mechanical action and both mechanical and electrical stop action.


St Mary Magdalen parish at Willesden Green is organising a Mission this weekend in advance of the Papal Visit. The event is being organised with the help of some Italian young adults from the Neo-Catechumenal Way, the community of Mother Teresa sisters, and the parish's post-Confirmation Youth Group, Prayer Group, and Play Group.
It starts this evening with Mass and Night Prayers and there are various activities tomorrow involving Mass, confessions and adoration, public witness to the faith, charitable work and catechesis. It concludes on Sunday with an open afternoon at the Clergy House.


The Governor is proposing a 1.5% increase from FY18 that would support a Conservation Officer Trainee class which will be required due to retirement and other similar situations. This proposed budget also maintains a fully funded historic preservation department which the IDNR acquired during 2017. Hunting and fishing licenses will remain the same price for FY19 while maintaining operations of all state parks and campgrounds.
If this is your first time looking at the DNR budget, it can be overwhelming due to the fact that there are many different programs, departments and funds associated with the agency. You can find this breakdown on page 263 of the Fiscal Year 2019 Operating Budget.
The Governor also proposed a Capital Budget for the IDNR. A Capital Budget is when 'appropriations are for assets that have a long-term useful life, such as buildings, highways, underground or surface infrastructure, durable equipment and land. Capital appropriations may span multiple fiscal years.' You can find the DNR Capital Appropriations beginning on page 56 of the Governor Proposed FY19 Capital Budget.
Over several years, the DNR has gone without capital appropriations and with that came deterioration of many DNR properties. A fully funded capital budget in FY19 will allow the agency to do the over $24 million improvements that they have identified. These projects are highlighted on page 57 of this budget.
Pay-as-you-go appropriations allowing the department to carry out projects and programming that are both core to its mission and can allow for federal match or reimbursement.
The recommended fiscal year 2019 capital budget continues to fund grants and programs that were included in the fiscal year 2018 budget.
$64 million to continue prior year grants from the Park and Recreational Facilities (PARC) program.
$30.5 million is included for Open Space Lands Acquisition and Development (OSLAD) projects, including $15.0 million for new projects in fiscal year 2019.
As hunters, anglers and outdoor enthusiasts we understand how bad the DNR needs this capital appropriation to just maintain our state parks and make them more enjoyable for all visitors.
As a reminder, this is the Governor's Proposed budget, it has not been enacted or approved. This begins the long negotiations of a budget in Illinois, so continue to check back with Capitol Outdoors throughout this process.
Keeping you informed from the Legislative Floors to the Great Outdoors means taking advantage of opportunities like this in order to better educate oneself. Sportsmen and women have been invited to attend a forum on the Farm Bill. Many of you may know how the Farm Bill plays an important role in conservation here in Illinois. These forums are being held by the Theodore Reosevelt Conservation Partners and the Illinois Conservation Foundation which they've entitled "Illinois Sportsmen's Guide to the 2018 Farm Bill".
Below is a message from Illinois Department of Natural Resources Director Wayne Rosenthal. As the Director states January 2018 is still a great time to enjoy the outdoors. Unfortunately, he forgets to mention the remaining days of hunting season, ice fishing season and outdoor shows throughout Illinois which all contribute greatly to our economy and small businesses.
The Illinois DNR Newsbits is a monthly publication by the IDNR giving constituents of Illinois the '411'. Issues and topics are geared toward all those that enjoy the outdoors from the hunter to the angler to the outdoor enthusiast and cover a wide array of topics and events.


text:
Benson James Boone (born June 25, 2002) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was born in Monroe, Washington.

Early Life
Benson Boone grew up as the only boy of five siblings in Monroe, Washington. He attended Monroe High School and competed on the diving team. He first discovered his musical talent when a friend asked him to play piano and sing in their high school's battle of the bands his junior year even though he had no experience singing. Boone briefly attended Brigham Young University–Idaho before leaving after a semester to focus on singing.

Career
Boone drew early musical inspiration from attending a Jon Bellion concert, after which he began taking singing seriously. He began posting singing videos to TikTok, and auditioned for season 19 of American Idol on a friend's recommendation in early 2021. Though he was invited to advance to the show's Hollywood week, he was not present, as Boone withdrew from the show after making it to the Top 24 to consider his career.

Boone began sharing snippets of his original music on TikTok, where he amassed 1.7 million followers in advance of his first single release. He caught the attention of Imagine Dragons frontman Dan Reynolds, who signed Boone to his record label Night Street Records in partnership with Warner Records. The signing was announced October 15, 2021, alongside the release of Boone's first single "Ghost Town". Boone played drums, guitar, and piano on the recording, in addition to designing the artwork for the single. Boone performed "Ghost Town", which charted in 13 countries including the US on the Billboard Hot 100, on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, The Kelly Clarkson Show, and Late Night with Seth Meyers.

Boone released his second single "Room for 2" on February 18, 2022.

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

Other charted songs

Notes

References

External links
 www.bensonboone.com

2002 births
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
American Idol participants
American male singer-songwriters
Living people
People from Monroe, Washington
Singer-songwriters from Washington (state)
Warner Records artists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have yet to meet a gardener in all my years who desired to have a messy, ugly garden. It can be assumed that most gardeners would like to have a beautiful landscape and garden. Readers of this column, as well as other articles, books and pamphlets, are more than aware of the different tools, techniques and methods used to obtain a lush landscape. While "how-to-garden" is extremely important, the crux of the matter is timing. Performing many gardening tasks outside of the ideal time could yield less than optimum results.
Planting times and maintenance schedules are crucial to the development, as well as the management, of insects and other pests. For example, I received an email this week from a gentleman wanting to know why his bell pepper leaves are beginning to curl. After examining the pictures, I determined the plant had cold damage as well as mites. The plant could be sprayed with a miticide, but a better approach would be to understand the ideal time for bell peppers, and December is outside of that range. It would prove more beneficial to pull out the peppers and replace them with winter vegetables at this time.
There are many planting and pruning dates that gardeners need to be aware of. Because of this, the LSU AgCenter has developed the famous Get It Growing Calendar. Published since 2005, many Louisiana gardeners eagerly anticipate the calendar's new edition each year, said Elma Sue McCallum of the LSU AgCenter Communications Department, who serves as the calendar's coordinator.
The just-published 2018 Get It Growing Lawn and Garden Calendar provides both knowledge and inspiration for gardening with tips for the experienced or novice gardener along with stunning photos of plants, flowers and gardens from photographers across Louisiana.
In addition to monthly gardening tips, the calendar features a how-to section on building raised beds for vegetable gardening with advice from LSU AgCenter horticulturist Dan Gill, a widely respected regional gardening expert. The calendar includes helpful information for projects, including when to plant tulips and tomatoes and to look for Louisiana Super Plants, such as the Little Gem Southern magnolia and the Limelight hydrangeas.
Besides the monthly gardening tips for 2018 and the feature on raised beds, the full-color, 32-page, 9-inch-by-13.25-inch calendar includes an illustrated step-by-step guide to solarizing garden beds to reduce fungi, nematodes and weed problems. The calendar provides a list of AgCenter lawn and garden publications along with information on the LSU AgCenter Master Gardener program and the AgCenter Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic and Soil Testing and Plant Analysis labs.
The Get It Growing calendar sells for $11.95 and is available for online orders at www.lsuagcenter.com/GetItGrowingCalendar. Phone orders can be placed by calling 225-578-2263. Sample photos and more information are available on the website.
Created as part of the AgCenter Get It Growing educational campaign for home lawns and gardens, the calendar can be found at bookstores, garden centers and gift shops across Louisiana.


text:
Q: How to all S3 bucket configuration settings from the CLI? I would like to pull all of the configuration values for an S3 bucket, for example encryption settings, ACL lists, etc from the command line.
Unfortunately, aws s3api doesn't seem to have a unified view of configuration, instead you have to query each configuration type individually, for example:
aws s3api get-bucket-accelerate-configuration --bucket my-bucket >> my-bucket-config
aws s3api get-bucket-acl --bucket my-bucket >> my-bucket-config
aws s3api get-bucket-cors --bucket my-bucket >> my-bucket-config
# ....and many, many more

Is there another API, or method that provides a uniform view of how an S3 bucket is configured from the CLI?

A: The AWS Config service can provide this type of aggregate configuration information in JSON form.
For example:
aws configservice get-resource-config-history \
    --resource-type AWS::S3::Bucket \
    --resource-id mybucket

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.sequoiadb.spark.rdd

import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
import _root_.com.sequoiadb.spark.SequoiadbConfig
import com.sequoiadb.spark.partitioner._
import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
import org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext
import org.apache.spark.sql.sources.Filter
import org.apache.spark.{Partition, TaskContext}
import org.bson.BSONObject
import org.slf4j.{Logger, LoggerFactory}
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
//import java.io.FileOutputStream;

/**
 * Source File Name = SequoiadbRDD.scala
 * Description      = SequoiaDB RDD
 * Restrictions     = N/A
 * Change Activity:
 * Date     Who                Description
 * ======== ================== ================================================
 * 20150309 Tao Wang           Initial Draft
 */

/**
 * @param sc Spark Context
 * @param config Config parameters
 * @param partitioner Sequoiadb Partitioner object
 * @param requiredColumns Fields to project
 * @param filters Query filters
 * @param query return data type, 0 = data in bson, 1 = data in csv
 * @param query limit number, default -1 (query all data)
 */
class SequoiadbRDD(
  sc: SparkContext,
  config: SequoiadbConfig,
  partitioner: Option[SequoiadbPartitioner] = None,
  requiredColumns: Array[String] = Array(),
  filters: Array[Filter] = Array(),
  queryReturnType: Int,
  queryLimit: Long = -1)
  extends RDD[BSONObject](sc, deps = Nil) {

  private var LOG: Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass.getName())
  override def getPartitions: Array[Partition] = {
    partitioner.getOrElse(new SequoiadbPartitioner(config)).computePartitions(
      filters).asInstanceOf[Array[Partition]]
  }

  override def getPreferredLocations(split: Partition): Seq[String] = {
//    split.asInstanceOf[SequoiadbPartition].hosts.map(_.getHost)
    val hostBuffer : ArrayBuffer[String] = new ArrayBuffer[String]
    val host = split.asInstanceOf[SequoiadbPartition].hosts.head
    hostBuffer += host.getHost
    hostBuffer.toList

  }

  override def compute(
    split: Partition,
    context: TaskContext): SequoiadbRDDIterator = {
    LOG.info ("enter SequoiadbRDD.compute")
    new SequoiadbRDDIterator(
      context,
      split.asInstanceOf[SequoiadbPartition],
      config,
      requiredColumns,
      filters,
      queryReturnType,
      queryLimit)
  }

}

object SequoiadbRDD {

  /**
   * @param sc Spark SQLContext
   * @param config Config parameters
   * @param partitioner Sequoiadb Partitioner object
   * @param requiredColumns Fields to project
   * @param filters Query filters
   * @param query return data type, 0 = data in bson, 1 = data in csv
   * @param query limit number, default -1 (query all data)
   */
  def apply (
    sc: SQLContext,
    config: SequoiadbConfig,
    partitioner: Option[SequoiadbPartitioner] = None,
    requiredColumns: Array[String] = Array(),
    filters: Array[Filter] = Array(),
    queryReturnType: Int = SequoiadbConfig.QUERYRETURNBSON,
    queryLimit: Long = -1) = {
    new SequoiadbRDD ( sc.sparkContext, config, partitioner,
      requiredColumns, filters, queryReturnType, queryLimit)
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Aporodesmus graueri är en mångfotingart som beskrevs av Carl Graf Attems 1927. Aporodesmus graueri ingår i släktet Aporodesmus och familjen Cryptodesmidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Banddubbelfotingar
graueri


text:
David Linthicum
By sonia / 23/07/2020 23/07/2020
He is the CTO and founder of Blue Mountain Labs and an internationally recognized industry expert and thought leader. He is the author and coauthor of 13 books on computing, including the best-selling "Enterprise Application Integration" (Addison Wesley). He keynotes at many leading technology conferences on Cloud Computing, SOA, Web 2.0, and Enterprise Architecture, and has appeared on a number of TV and radio shows as a computing expert. For the last 10 years, he has focused on the technology and strategies around Cloud Computing and how to make Cloud Computing work for the modern Enterprise. This includes work with several Cloud Computing startups. Mr. Linthicum's industry experience includes tenures as CTO and CEO of several successful software companies, and upper-level management positions in Fortune 100 companies. In addition, he was an associate Professor of computer science for eight years and continues to lecture at major technical colleges and universities. His latest book is "Cloud Computing and SOA Convergence in Your Enterprise", a Step-by-Step Approach.
One of the best European IT education companies.
Piazza Cavour 3,
for general information: info@technologytransfer.it
for vendors, exhibitors, speakers: marketing@technologytransfer.it
Copyright Technology Transfer S.r.l. – P. IVA 01820261004


Is there any way to transfer songs from iPhone to iTunes?
My computer crashed and was repaired, but erased all the songs on my iTunes. I still have all the songs on my iPhone 5, but do not know how to transfer these songs back to iTunes. I'm trying to do it by allowing hidden files but the control folder is still not showing up.
The iphone is not a storage/backup device.
The sync is one way - computer to iphone. The exception is itunes purchases: File>Transfer Purchases.
Copy everything from your old computer or your backup copy of your old computer to your new one.
On non-iOS devices, it's as easy as enabling hidden files, and copying the directory(ies) that contain your music, then opening iTunes and importing the songs from there.
iDevices, however, mount as a Camera. Which proves to be a problem.
If the device is jailbroken, you can install a program like "iFunBox" from http://www.i-funbox.com/ and connect through that to your iDevice and find your files through there.
It has a free demo version.
Maybe CopyTrans ( http://www.copytrans.net/downloadtrial.php ) will help you. Unfortunately there are some limitations in the trial version: limited number of songs per sessions - 100 songs per session, 250 songs in total.
If you obtained these songs from the itunes store. then yes it should sync. If not you need to find a 3rd party utility to transfer to the PC. Transfer normally goes only one way. I would suggest Dropbox to transfer to your PC.
Remember iPod and iPhone are the same, in spite of being different.
I hope i gelp you and these tutorials be useful for you.


In any team sport, one of the most important factors to winning consistently is player development.
For baseball teams at all levels, developing quality pitching is a big key to success.
Former MLB pitcher Chris Hammond entered Inside the Locker Room with Wimp and Barry Sanderson to reflect on pitching in the big leagues and offer his advice to young pitchers.
With little league and high school baseball seasons getting started across America, the former big league pitcher also brought up a pitch other than a curveball that can be damaging to the arms of young, inexperienced pitchers.
"I talked to an orthopedic surgeon a few years ago, and he told me something I really didn't know that the slider is the worst pitch on your arm, on your elbow." Hammond explained the surgeon's advice on when to allow young pitchers to start throwing the slider. "For a kid to throw a slider, they need to wait until they're at least 16 to 17 years old." Hammond said.


Nissan of Lithia Springs is your source for quality Nissan trucks near Atlanta. See how the 2019 Titan stands up to its competitors, the 2019 Ford F-150 and the 2019 Toyota Tundra.
 Ward's Segmentation. 2019 TITAN vs. latest in-market Large Pickup Segment competitors. Based on standard torque. Base models compared. Based on manufacturer websites.  Ward's Segmentation. 2019 TITAN vs. latest in-market Large Pickup Segment competitors. Based on Standard Horsepower. Base models compared. Based on manufacturer websites.


text:
Festive Gift Guide
We Forgot About Everyone Else Involved
We introduce Lost Stock Box.
More than 2 months ago, our country went into lockdown.
Pubs, Bars and Restaurants took their last orders, Schools shut their gates indefinitely and pretty much every single fashion retailer on the High Street shut their doors to business.
Lockdown took us into a period of unknown which was fuelled by fear and anxiety. At the time, we didn't know much about what was going on and we didn't know how long this would go on for, but as we watched our European neighbours fight the same battle, we were sure this would be a long fight. It was now apparent that the changes imposed on us and the way we lived our lives were about to change for months, maybe even years.
As we adjusted to this new way of living, pubs and restaurants began to find new creative ways to sell their supplies- some producing meals for NHS workers and charities – others turning to delivery only kitchens. Clothing retailers shut their shop doors to business, some halted online orders and closed warehouses, furloughed staff and cancelled supplier orders. Some clothing retailers have even gone into administration since lockdown started – with hundreds and hundreds of jobs being lost in the industry. With summer holidays being pretty much cancelled, a new summer wardrobe was no longer necessary. With offices shut, we no longer needed smart office appropriate clothes. In fact, most people dragged the jogging bottoms, sweaters, hoodies, leggings and active wear out from the back of their wardrobe – this was our new outfit. To put it simply, we had no need for new clothes and therefore, we were no longer buying them.
On the surface, this all seemed perfectly fine. In fact, lots of people were struggling financially and so not spending money on new clothes seemed like a very sensible idea. But amongst all our money saving and wardrobe reusing tactics, we seem to have forgotten about everyone else along the textile supply chain.
When we stopped purchasing clothes, retailers began to suffer. They began to cancel orders with their suppliers – cancelling orders for both the current season and the next season. In fact it has been reported that nearly £2.4bn worth of textile orders were cancelled from factories in Bangladesh alone. A huge knock-on effect was about to begin, impacting the factory workers and their families. Overnight, and with the click of a button, we reduced the salaries of the factory workers to almost zero. And, most of the stock that was ready to be dispatched to our high streets were now destined for landfill – which would have had huge environmental consequences.
That was until the team over at Mallzee stepped in and produced a concept that would help these factory workers and their families survive with no or little income – and, at the same time, prevent hundreds and thousands of textiles entering landfill sites.
That concept was Lost Stock.
It's simple, you pay £35 (plus £3.99 shipping) for a box of clothing which contains at least 3 items which would sell for £75 in the UK. Each box is tailored to your size and gender, and offers you a selection of preferred colours and patterns. Once purchased, 37% of the price is donated to The Sajida Foundation which works to deliver food and essential hygiene products to factory workers and their families across 26 districts in Bangladesh. So far, over 85,000 boxes have been purchased and over 50,000 households have already been supported across Bangladesh, and this is in just a few weeks.
Your Lost Stock Box:
Transaction Charge: 3%
Our Staff Costs, Marketing & Returns: 9%
Product Costs: 30%
Transport and Logistics: 9%
Our NGO Partner, SAJIDA Foundation: 37%
Postage: 12%
*Data taken from www.loststock.com
It is truly inspirational what the team at Mallzee are doing and I honestly hope everyone can try to get involved in one way or another. We know that times are tough for everyone at the moment and £35 can be a big ask, so we've listed a few creative ways you can help the initiative.
Purchase a box for yourself. Click here.
Gift a box to a friend or family member for their birthday.
Share their Instagram Posts on your Stories.
Tell your friends and family members about the concept.
Retweet their posts on Twitter.
And don't forget to share this article to help spread the word.
Sources: loststock.com/pages/costs, loststock.com/pages/helping-workers
Meera Mawkin
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text:
Cet article recense les îles françaises.

Îles de pleine mer

Côtes métropolitaines de l'Atlantique et de la Manche

Normandie

Manche
Îles normandes de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel :

 Mont Saint-Michel (à marée haute par grands coefficients), (Le Mont-Saint-Michel)
 Tombelaine (Genêts)

Îles Chausey (Granville) - 6.5 km² :

 Grande île :
 La Genétaie :
 La Meule :
 La Houllée :
 L'île aux Oiseaux :
 Grand Épail :

Îles de la presqu'île du Cotentin :

 Île Pelée (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin)
 Tatihou (à marée haute), (Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue) - 0.29 km²

Îles Saint-Marcouf (Saint-Marcouf) :

 Île du Large
 Île de Terre

Bretagne

Ille-et-Vilaine

 Îles de Saint-Malo (Saint-Malo) - 36.58 km² :
 Île Cézembre
 Grand Bé
 Petit Bé
 Fort National
 La Conchée
 Îles de Cancale (Cancale) - 12.61 km² :
 Île des Landes
 Île des Rimains
 Îles de Dinard - 7.84 km² :
 Île Harbour (Dinard)
 Autres îles d'Ille-et-Vilaine :
 Île Agot (Saint-Briac-sur-Mer) - 0.162 km²
 Île du Guesclin (Saint-Coulomb)
 Les Tintiaux

Côtes-d'Armor
Archipel de Bréhat (Île-de-Bréhat) :

 Île Ar-Morbic
 Île Béniguet
 Île Grouezen
 Île Lavrec
 Île Logodec
 Île Maudez
 Île Raguenès
 Raguénès Meur
 Île Verte

Archipel des Sept-Îles (Perros-Guirec) :

 Île Bono
 Le Cerf
 Les Costans
 Malban
 Île aux Moines
 Île Plate
 Île Rouzic

Autres îles des Côtes-d'Armor :

 Île Aganton (Pleumeur-Bodou)
 Île à Bois (Île-de-Bréhat
 Îles de Buguélès (Penvénan)
 Île Ozac'h
 Île Illiec
 Île Balanec
 Île Milliau
 Île Guiben
 Île des Levrettes
 Île de Costaérès (Trégastel)
 Archipel des Ébihens (Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer)
 Îlot de la Colombière
 îlots de la Neillière, la Grande Roche, la Margatière, les Jumeliaux, la Loge, les Hachés...
 Île d'Er (Plougrescant)
 Le Grand-Pourier
 Île Lemenez (Plouézec)
 Île Loaven (Plougrescant)
 Île Marquer (Penvénan)
 Mez de Goëlo (groupe d'îlots), (Plouézec)
 Molène (Trébeurden)
 Île Morville (Trégastel)
 Île de Pors Scaff (Plougrescant)
 Île Renote (Trégastel)
 Île Saint-Gildas (Penvénan)
 Îlot Saint-Michel (Erquy)
 Île Saint-Riom (Ploubazlanec)
 Île Tomé (Perros-Guirec)
 Trélévern
 Archipel des Triagoz (Perros-Guirec)
 Îlot du Verdelet (Pléneuf-Val-André)

Finistère
Îles de la rade de Brest - 184 km² :

 Île d'Arun
 Île des Morts
 Île Perdue
 Île Ronde
 Île de Tibidy
 Île Trébéron

Archipel de Molène :

 Île aux Chrétiens
 Île de Balanec
 Bannec
 Île de Béniguet
 Île de Litiry
 Lédénes de Molène
 Lédénes de Quéménès
 Ledenez Vraz
 Île de Molène
 Île de Morgol
 Île de Quéménès
 Île de Trielen

Archipel des Glénan (neuf îles principales), (Fouesnant) - 5,05 km² :

 Île de Bananec
 Île de Brunec
 Île Cigogne
 Île de Drénec
 Île de Guiautec ou Île Guéotec
 Île de Guiriden
 Île du Loc'h
 Île aux Moutons
 Île de Penfret
 Île de Quignénec
 Île Saint-Nicolas

Autres îles du Finistère :

 Îles de l'Aber Wrach
 Île de Batz - 3,2 km²
 Île du Bec - 0,0164 km²
 Île Callot - 1,1 km²
 Îlot des Capucins
 Île Carn - 0,015 km²
 Château du Taureau - 0.002 km²
 Île Chevallier - 1 km²
 La Cormorandière
 Île Garo - 0,2 km²
 Île Garo - 0,17 km²
 Île Guenioc - 0,0046 km²
 Île d'Iock
 Kélaourou
 Île de Keller - 0,28 km²
 Île Louët
 Île Melon
 Ar-Men
 Île Noire
 Île d'Ouessant - 15,58 km²
 Île de Rosservo - 0,0103 km²
 Île Ségal - 0,0185 km²
 Île de Sein - 0,58 km²
 Raz de Sein
 Chaussée de Sein
 Île de Sieck - 0,018 km²
 Île Stagadon - 0,04 km²
 Île Tariec - 0,0030 km²
 Tévennec
 Île Tristan - 0,1225 km²
 Île aux Vaches
 Île Venan - 0,05 km²
 Île Verte
 Île Vierge
 Île Wrac'h - 0,04 km²

Morbihan
Îles du golfe du Morbihan - 95.02 km² :

 Île d'Arz
 Bailleron
 Île de Berder
 Île de Boëd
 Boëdic
 Île Brannec
 Îles de Brouel
 Île du Charles
 Conleau
 Corn Bihan
 Creïzic
 La Dervenn
 Île Drenec
 Er Lannic
 Gavrinis
 Godec
 Île Govihan
 Le Grand Huernic
 Hent Tenn
 Holavre
 Île Ilur
 Iluric
 Île Irus
 Île de la Jument
 Île de Lerne
 Îles Logoden
 Île Longue
 Île de Mancel
 Île aux Moines
 Mouchiouse
 Île aux Oiseaux
 Piren
 Pladic
 Île de la Pointe
 Île Quistinic
 Radenec
 Er Runio
 Sept Îles
 Stibiden
 Île Tascon
 Trohennec
 Grand Veïzit
 Petit Veïzit

Autres îles du Morbihan :

 Île de Belair - 0.014 km²
 Belle-Île-en-Mer - 85.63 km²
 Les Grands Cardinaux -
 Les Petits Cardinaux - 0.004 km²
 Île aux Chevaux - 0.035 km²
 Er Yoc'h -
 Îlot de Guernic
 Île Glazic - 0.005 km²
 Groix - 14.82 km²
 Hoëdic - 2.08 km²
 Houat - 2.91 km²
 Île Keragan - 0.006 km²
 Île de Kerner - 0.096 km²
 Méaban - 0.010 km²
 Île Mousker -
 Îlot du Nohic -
 Île de Roëlan - 0.018 km²
 Île de Saint-Cado - 0.002 km²
 Île Théviec - 0.0535 km²
 Île Thinic -
 Îlot de Toul-Bihan -
 Îlot de Toul-Bras -
 Île Valhuec - 0.057 km²
 Île du Bechet - 0.064 km²
 Île d'Aloès - 0.02 km²
 Île à Bacchus - 0.0010 km²
 Îlot de Roh-Beniguet - 0.0033 km²

Pays de la Loire

Loire-Atlantique

 Baguenaud - 0.002 km²
 Île Dumet - 0.085 km²
 Les Évens
 Le Grand Charpentier
 Île de la Pierre-Percée (Pornichet)
 Les Troves - 0.001 km²

Vendée

 Les Chiens Perrins
 Île de Bouin
 Île de Noirmoutier - 49 km²
 Île du Pilier - 0.04 km²
 Île d'Yeu - 23.32 km²

Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Charente-Maritime

 Archipel charentais
 Île d'Aix - 1.39 km²
 Île Madame - 0.78 km²
 Île de Nôle
 Île d'Oléron - 174 km²
 Île de Ré - 85 km²
 Fort Boyard
 Fort Énet
 Fort Louvois

Estuaire de la Gironde
 Île sans nom (plateau de Cordouan) (apparue en , non encore rattachée à un territoire)

Gironde

 Banc d'Arguin
 Île aux Oiseaux (dans le bassin d'Arcachon)
 Phare de Cordouan

Côte méditerranéenne

Occitanie

 Fort de Brescou (Agde)
 Île de l'Aute (Sigean)
 Île de Planasse (Sigean)
 Île du Soulier (Peyriac-de-Mer)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Bouches-du-Rhône
Archipel du Frioul (Marseille) :

 Île des Eyglaudes
 Grand Salaman
 Gros Estéou
 Île d'If
 Petit Salaman
 Île de Pomègues
 Île de Ratonneau
 Îlot de Tiboulen du Frioul

Îles des Calanques de Marseille :

 Île Calseraigne
 Petit Congloué
 Les Empereurs
 L'Estéou
 Île Jarre
 Île de Jarron
 Île Maïre
 Île Moyade
 Les Moyadons
 Les Pharillons
 Île de Riou
 Rocher du torpilleur
 Île Tiboulen de Maïre

Autres îles de Marseille :

 Île de Planier
 Île d'Endoume
 Île Degaby
 Rocher des Pendus

Autres îles des Bouches-du-Rhône :

 Île de l'Érevine
 Île Verte (La Ciotat)
 Île Aragnon
 Île de La Grande Mona

Var

Archipel des Embiez :

 Île des Embiez 0,95km³
 Île du Grand Gaou
 Île du Petit Gaou
 Île du Grand Rouveau
 Île du Petit Rouveau

Îles d'Hyères :

 Île de Bagaud
 Les Fourmigues
 Îlot de la Gabinière
 Île du Levant
 Île du Petit Langoustier
 Île de Porquerolles
 Île de Port-Cros
 Rocher du Rascas
 Île de la Redonne
 Île du Grand Ribaud
 Île du Petit Ribaud

Autres îles du Var :

 Île de Bendor
 Rocher des Deux Frères
 Les Fourmigues
 Île Rousse (Bandol)
 Le Lion de mer
 Le Lion de terre
 Île d'Or
 Île des Vieilles

Alpes-Maritimes
Îles de Lérins :

 Îlot Saint-Ferréol
 Île Saint-Honorat
 Île Sainte-Marguerite
 Îlot de la Tradelière

Corse
Îles Cerbicale :

 Île Forana
 Île de Maestro Maria
 Île Pietricaggiosa
 Île du Toro
 Rocher de la Vacca

Îles Lavezzi :

 Cavallo
 Piana
 Lavezzo

Autres archipels corses :

 Îles Finocchiarola
 Îlots des Moines
 Îles Sanguinaires
 Îles de la Tonnara
 Îles du Toro

Autres îles corses :

 Île Bruzzi
 Île Cala di Zeri
 Îlot de Capense
 Île de Cap Rossu
 Île d'Eccica
 Île de Gargali
 Île de Gargalo
 Île de Garganellu
 Île de la Giraglia
 Île de la Pietra
 Île de Pinarellu
 Île Roscana
 Île de Spano

Îles de Guadeloupe

Grandes îles de la Guadeloupe :

 Grande-Terre
 Basse-Terre

Îlets de la Côte-sous-le-vent :

 Tête à l'Anglais
 Îlet à Kahouanne
 Îlets de Pigeon

Îlets du Petit Cul-de-sac Marin :

 Îlet du Gosier
 Îlet à Cochons
 Îlet Boissard
 Îlet Chasse
 Îlet Feuille
 Îlet Fortune
 Grand Îlet
 Îlet Frégate de Haut

Îlets du Grand Cul-de-sac marin :

 Îlet Macou
 Îlet Duberran
 Îlet à Christophe
 Îlet à Colas
 Îlet à Fajou
 Îlet Mangue à Laurette
 Îlet à Caret
 La Biche
 Îlet Crabière
 Îlets de Carénage dont Îlet Blanc
 Petit îlet
 Grand îlet
 Haie Bébel
 Îlet Rat

Îles des Dépendances de la Guadeloupe

Groupe d'îles de Marie-Galante :

 Île de Marie-Galante
 Îlet de Vieux Fort

Groupe d'îles de la Désirade et de Petite Terre :

 Île de la Désirade
 Îlet de Terre de Haut
 Îlet de Terre de Bas
 Baleine du Sud

Archipel des Saintes :

 Terre-de-Haut
 Terre-de-Bas
 Grand-Îlet
 Les Augustins
 Îlet à Cabrit
 La Coche
 Le Pâté
 La Redonde
 Les Roches percées

Îles de Guyane

Îles de Rémire :

 Îles :
 Le Malingre
 Les Mamelles
 La Mère
 Le Père
 Îlets :
 Le Cercueil
 L'Enfant Perdu
 Îlets Dupont
 Le Machoiran Blanc
 Le Petit Machoiran
 Roche Anglaise
 Roche Saint-François

Îles du Salut :

 Île du Diable
 Île Royale
 Île Saint-Joseph

Autres îles et îlots de Guyane :

 Île du Grand Connétable
 Île du Petit Connétable
 Île Verte
 Roche la Folle
 Roches Kourou

Îles de Martinique

 Grande île de Martinique
Îlets de la côte Atlantique (Côte au vent ou Cabesterre) :

 Îlet Saint-Aubin
 Îlet Sainte-Marie

Îlets de la côte Caraïbe (Côte sous le vent) :

 Gros Îlet
 Îlet Ramiers
 Îlet Charles
 Îlet Thébloux
 Îlet Sixtain
 Petit Îlet
 Rocher du Diamant
 Rocher de la Perle

Îlets de la presqu'île de Sainte-Anne :

 Îlet à Aigrettes
 Îlet Baude
 Îlet Burgaux
 Îlet Cabrits
 Îlet Chevalier
 Îlet aux Chiens
 Îlet Duquesney
 Îlet Hardy
 Îlet Poirier
 Îlet Petit Dupré
 Îlet Rat
 La Table du Diable
 Îlet Percé

Îlets de la Caravelle :

 Îlet du Galion
 Îlet Lapin
 Îlet Tartane
 Îlet du Trésor
 Rocher de la Caravelle
 Table du Diable

Îlets du François :

 Îlet Frégate
 Îlet Long
 Îlet Métrente
 Îlet Oscar
 Îlet Thierry
 Îlet Pelé
 Îlet Lavigne
 Îlet Lapins

Îlets du Vauclin :

 Îlet Petite Grenade

Îlets du Robert :

 Îlet Boisseau
 Îlet Chancel
 Îlet à Eau
 Loup-Garou
 Îlet Madame
 Îlet Petite Martinique
 Îlet Petit Piton
 Îlet Ragot
 Îlet aux Rats
 Îlet Petit Vincent

Îles de Mayotte

 Grandes îles :
 Grande-Terre (ou Mahoré)
 Petite-Terre (ou Pamanzi)
 Îlets (Chissioua) :
 Chissioua Bambo
 Chissioua Mbouini
 Chissioua Mbouzi
 Chissioua Bandrélé
 Chissioua Karoni
 Chissioua Handréma
 Chissioua Mtsamboro
 Chissioua Sada
 Îles Choazil :
 Malandzamiayajou
 Malandzamiayatsini
 Îlots Effatsy
 Îles Hajangoua :
 Kolo Issa
 Pengoua
 Pouhou
 Île Kakazou
 Îlot Mognameri
 Îlot de Sable Blanc ou Mtsanga Tsoholé
 Île Vatou
 Îlot Ziné
 Îlot Aombe
 Îlot Bouni

Nouvelle-Calédonie

Îles de Grande-Terre
 Grande-Terre

Province Nord
Îles Belep :

 Île Art
 Île Bouiano
 Récif de Cook
 Île Dau Ac
 Îles Daos du Nord
 Îles Daos du Sud
 Île Mandjaleane
 Île Neba
 Île Pott

Autres îles :

 Île Amourou
 Île Baaba
 Île Balabio
 Île Boh
 île Daomboui
 Île Deverd
 Île Double
 Îlot Ena
 Île de Gatope
 Île Grimault
 Îlot Hienga
 Île Hiengabat
 Île Hienghene
 Îlot Hiengu
 Île Kendec
 Île Koniene
 Île Maabounghi
 Île Moop
 Île Mouac
 Île Nadaade
 Îlot Nandahalap
 Île Nani
 Île Neangambo
 Île Nendiale
 Île Ouanne
 Îlot Ouao
 Île Oupe
 Île Paaio
 Île Padiote
 Île Pam
 Île Phwa Jep
 Île Pingiane
 Île Pionne
 Îlots Saint-Phalle
 Île Taanlai
 Île Taanlo
 Île de la Table
 Île Tanle
 Île Ti
 Île Ti-Ac
 Île Tie
 Île Tiguit
 Île Tiya
 Île Touaye
 Île Yaba
 Île Yandé
 Île Yenghebane

Province Sud

Îles des Pins :

 Île Ami
 Île Ana
 Île Atere
 Île Aventure
 Île Bayonnaise
 Îlot Brosse
 Île Duroc
 Île Gereoniere
 Îlot Gie
 Île Kô Ngéaa Ké
 Île Kônubutr
 Île Koutoumo (ou Kotomo)
 Île Kuibandui
 Île Kûûmo
 Îlot Menore
 Île Môrô
 Île Muare
 Île Mwâréya
 Îlot Nä Nä
 Île Nouma
 Île Ouatomo
 Île Ouento
 Île des Pins
 Île Tianoa
 Île Tomere
 Île Wétë

Autres îles :

 Île Abu
 Îlot Amédée
 île Ange
 Île Atire
 Île Bailly
 Île aux Canards
 Île Canon
 Îlot César
 Îlot Charbon
 Île Charron
 Îlot Chengiro
 Île Dingo
 Île Doumbe
 Île Ducos
 Grand Fourmi
 Petit Fourmi
 Île Geoffroy
 Île Gi
 Île aux Goélands
 Îlot Goldfield
 Île Hugon
 Île Isié
 Île Koko
 Île Kouaré
 Îlot Kundogi
 Îlot Kundoyo
 Île Larégnère
 Île Layrle
 Île Lebris
 Île Léprédour
 Île Leroue
 Île Longue
 Îlot M'Ba
 Îlot M'Bé
 Îlot M'Bo
 Îlot Maître
 Îlot Maméré
 Île Mara
 Île Marceau
 Île Mathieu
 Île Mato
 Île Mereoyou
 Île Montravel
 Île Moro
 Île N'Da
 Îlot N'Do
 Île Ndukue
 Île Néaé
 Île Némi
 Île Némou
 Île Noé
 Île Ouen
 Île Ouernel
 Île Page
 Île Pandanus
 Île Parseval
 Îlot Porc-Épic
 Île Puemba
 Île Puen
 Île Redika
 Île Ronhua
 Île Sainte-Marie
 Île Saint-Die
 Île Saint-Phalle
 Îlot Signal
 Île T'Ndu
 Tamanou
 Îlot Tenia
 Île Téré
 Îlot Teremba
 Îlots Testard
 Île Tiam Bouene
 Île Trelon
 Îlots Trio
 Île Tupeti
 Île Uaterembi
 Île Ua
 Île Uatio
 Île Uéré
 Île Ugo
 Île Uié
 Île Uo
 Île Verte
 Île Vua

Monts Gémini (volcans émergés lors des éruptions) :

 Mont Gémini Ouest (-30m)
 Mont Gémini Est (-80m)

Province des îles Loyauté

Îles de Lifou :

 Récif Jouan
 Lifou
 Tiga
 Île Vauvilliers (ou Nië)
 Île Oua
 Île Léliogat

Îles de Maré :

 Maré
 Île Dudune

Îles d'Ouvéa :

 Île Beautemps-Beaupré (ou Heo)
 Ouvéa
 Unyee
 Pléiades du Nord :
 Île Anemeec
 Île Angeu (ou Agnehu)
 Île Haute (ou Bagao)
 Hnyeekon Puu
 Hoo Loom (ou Île Holo)
 Île Jehuten
 Les Jumeaux
 Motu Awa
 Motu Fatu
 Motu Niu
 Motu Veiloa
 Motu Waaunyi
 Île de la Table
 Île de la Tortue
 Île Waadeu (ou Wadea)
 Île Wenyook (ou Wegnec)
 Pléiades du Sud :
 Île Angemeec (ou Anematch)
 Banya Nord
 Banya Sud
 Île Gece
 Île Gee (ou Gue)
 Île de Long Island
 Île Metouaine
 Île Su (ou Sou)
 Île Ujeeteetr (ou Dietetch)

Îles, atolls et récifs éloignés
En mer de Corail :

 Îles Chesterfield :
 Îlots Avon
 Île Bampton
 Île Renard
 Caye Skeleton
 Islets Anchorage
 Îlots du Mouillage
 Récifs de Bellone
 Récifs d'Entrecasteaux :
 Atoll de Huon
 Île Huon
 Atoll du Portail
 Atoll de la Surprise
 Île Fabre
 Île Le Leizour
 Île Surprise
 Atoll Pelotas
 Récif Guilbert
 Récif du Mérite
 autres récifs :
 Récifs de l'Astrolabe
 Récif Pétrie
 Récif Fairway (Banc de Lansdowne)

Îles isolées dans l'océan Pacifique sud :

 Île Walpole
 Île Matthew
 Île Hunter

Polynésie française
La Polynésie française compte 118 îles, dont 76 habitées, reparties en cinq archipels: l'archipel de la Société (comprenant les îles du Vent, les îles Sous-le-Vent), l'archipel des Australes, l'archipel des Marquises, l'archipel des Tuamotu, et l'archipel du Gambier.

Archipel de la Société
L'archipel de la Société compte 14 îles, y compris Tahiti, où se trouve la capitale, Pape'ete, et la plupart de la population de la Polynésie française. L'archipel de la Société comprend les îles du Vent, et les îles Sous-le-Vent.

Îles du Vent
Les îles du Vent regroupent cinq îles, dont Tahiti, île principal de la Polynésie française.

 Tahiti
 Maiao
 Mehetia
 Moorea
 Tetiaroa

Îles Sous-le-Vent
Les îles Sous-le-Vent regroupent neuf îles, à l'ouest des îles du Vent.

 Bora Bora
 Huahine
 Manuae
 Maupihaa
 Maupiti
 Motu One
 Raiatea
 Tahaa
 Tupai

Îles Australes
Les îles Australes rassemblent sept îles, dont cinq habitées, quelque 600 à  au sud de Tahiti.

 Marotiri (inhabité)
 Îles Maria (inhabitées)
 Raivavae
 Rapa
 Rimatara
 Rurutu
 Tubuai

Îles Marquises
Les îles Marquises réunissent dix îles, dont six habitées, et deux îlots isolés, quelque  au nord-est de Tahiti.

Marquises Nord :
 Eiao (inhabité)
 Hatutu (inhabité)
 Motu One (îlot isolé, inhabité)
 Nuku Hiva
 Ua Huka
 Ua Pou

Marquises Sud :
 Fatu Hiva
 Fatu Huku (inhabité)
 Hiva Oa
 Moho Tani (inhabité)
 Motu Nao (îlot isolé, inhabité)
 Tahuata

Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
La subdivision administrative des Tuamotu-Gambier comprend l'archipel des Tuamotu et celui du Gambier, étendus de quelques centaines de kilomètres au nord de Tahiti jusqu'à quelque  à l'est de Tahiti.

Îles Tuamotu

Les îles Tuamotu sont les plus nombreux de la Polynésie française, comprenant  au nord-est de Tahiti. Sauf Makatea et Tikei, ce sont des atolls dotés de lagons intérieurs.

Groupes d'atolls de l'archipel des Tuamotu :

 Groupe Actéon :
 Matureivavao
 Tenararo
 Tenarunga
 Vahanga
 Îles Deux Groupes :
 Marokau
 Ravahere
 Îles du Désappointement :
 Napuka
 Puka Puka
 Tepoto Nord
 Îles du Duc de Gloucester :
 Anuanuraro
 Anuanurunga
 Hereheretue
 Nukutepipi
 Îles Palliser :
 Apataki
 Aratika
 Arutua
 Fakarava
 Kaukura
 Mataiva
 Rangiroa
 Makatea (île isolée, atoll surélevé sans lagon intérieur)
 Tikehau
 Toau
 Îles Raevski :
 Hiti, ou Hiti-Mau-Rea
 Tepoto Sud, ou Ti Poto
 Tuanake, ou Mata-Rua-Puna
 Îles du Roi Georges :
 Ahe
 Manihi
 Takapoto
 Takaroa
 Tikei (île isolée, atoll comblé sans lagon intérieur)

Autres atolls des Tuamotu :

 Ahunui
 Akiaki
 Amanu
 Anaa
 Faaite
 Fakahina
 Fangatau
 Fangataufa
 Hao
 Haraiki
 Hikueru
 Katiu
 Kauehi
 Makemo
 Manuhangi
 Maria
 Marutea Nord
 Marutea Sud
 Morane
 Moruroa
 Motutunga
 Nengo Nengo
 Niau
 Nihiru
 Nukutavake
 Paraoa
 Pinaki
 Pukarua
 Raraka
 Raroia
 Rekareka
 Reao
 Reitoru
 Taenga
 Tahanea
 Taiaro
 Takume
 Tatakoto
 Tauere
 Tekokota
 Tematangi
 Tureia
 Vahitahi
 Vairaatea
 Vanavana

Îles Gambier
L'archipel du Gambier regroupe 11 îles, dont 10 réunies dans un atoll principal, et un atoll isolé.

Îles de l'atoll principal du Gambier:

 Akamaru
 Kouaku
 Makaroa
 Mangareva
 Manui
 Mekiro
 Totegegie
 Taravai
 Tekava
 Tepapuri

Autre atoll du Gambier:
 Temoe

La Réunion

 Réunion
 Petite Île

Saint-Barthélémy

 Saint-Barthélemy
 Île le Boulanger
 Île Chevreau (ou île Bonhomme)
 Île Coco
 Île Fourchue
 Île Frégate
 Pain de Sucre
 Île Pelé
 Île Petit Jean
 Île Toc Vers
 La Tortue (ou l'Ecalle)

Saint-Martin (collectivité française)

 Île de Saint-Martin (divisée entre France et Pays-Bas)
 Rocher de l'Anse Marcel
 Rocher Créole
 Grand Îlet
 Petite Clef
 Îlet Pinel
 Île Tintamarre
 Caye Verte

Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon

 Grand Colombier
 Langlade
 Île aux Marins
 Miquelon
 Île aux Pigeons
 Saint-Pierre
 Île aux Vainqueurs
 Île Verte (souveraineté incertaine entre France et Canada)

Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF)

Îles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam

 Île Amsterdam ou Nouvelle-Amsterdam (île isolée)
 Îles Saint-Paul :
 Île Saint-Paul
 La Quille
 Rocher du Milieu
 Îlot Nord

Archipel Crozet

Îlots des Apôtres (partie du groupe occidental) :

 Grande Île
 Petite Île
 La Grande Aiguille
 La Petite Aiguille
 Le Caillou
 Le Clown
 Le Donjon
 L'Enclume
 Rocher Fendu
 Le Hangar
 Les Jumeaux
 Rocher Nord
 L'Obélisque
 Rocher Percé
 La Sentinelle Perdue
 Les Sentinelles du Diable
 Rocher Sud
 Le Torpilleur

Autres îles du groupe occidental :

 Île aux Cochons
 Île des Pingouins
 Rocher de l'Arche

Îles du groupe oriental :

 Île de l'Est
 Île de la Possession

Îles Kerguelen

 Grande Terre
 Îles Leygues (également appelées Îles Swains) :
 Île de Castries
 Île Dauphine
 Îles Nuageuses :
 Île de Croÿ
 Île Roland
 Îles Ternay
 Îles isolées du sud et de l'ouest
 Îles de Boynes
 Île Clugny
 Îles de la Fortune
 Île Ronde
 Roches du Salamanca

Autres îles des baies de Grande Terre :

 Île Altazin
 Île de l'Antarès
 Île Australia
 Île Bellouard
 Île Bethell
 Île Blakeney
 Île Bryer
 Îlot Channer
 Île du Chat
 Île du Château
 Île du Cimetière
 Île aux Cochons
 Îlots Davis
 Île Foch
 Île Gaby
 Île Haute
 Île Heugh
 Île Hoskyn
 Île Hould
 Île Howe
 Île Hull
 Île Inskip
 Île Léon Lefèvre
 Île Longue
 Île Mac Murdo
 Île Maroon
 Île Mayes
 Île aux Moules
 Île Murray
 Île de l'Ouest
 Île Pender
 Île Penn
 Île du Port
 Îles du Prince-de-Monaco
 Île du Roland
 Île Saint-Lanne Gramont
 Île Sibbald
 Île aux Skuas
 Île Suhm
 Île Verte
 Île Violette

Îles Éparses
(souveraineté contestée par Madagascar)

 Bassas da India
 Île Europa
 Îles Glorieuses :
 Île Grande Glorieuse
 Île du Lys (ou île Petite Glorieuse)
 Les Roches Vertes
 Banc du Geysir (annexé par Madagascar en 1976 et contesté par les Comores)
 Île Juan de Nova
 Île Tromelin (souveraineté contestée par Maurice)

Terre Adélie
Archipel de Pointe Géologie :

 Île Alexis-Carrel
 Îlot de la Balance
 Îlot de la Baleine
 Île du Bélier
 Île Buffon
 Îlot du Cancer
 Île du Capricorne
 Îlot des Champignons
 Île Claude-Bernard
 Île Curie
 Îlot de la Dent
 Île du Gouverneur
 Rocher Gris
 Îlot des Hydrographes
 Île Jean-Rostand
 Île Juliette
 Île Lamarck
 Île du Lion
 Îlot du Marégraphe
 Le Mauguen
 Mid-Winter
 Îlot du Mystère
 Île du Navigateur
 Île des Pétrels
 Îles des Poissons
 Îlot Roméo
 Île du Sagittaire
 Île du Scorpion
 Îlot de la Selle
 Île du Taureau
 Îlot du Verseau
 Île de la Vierge

Wallis-et-Futuna

Îles Horn :

 Alofi
 Futuna

Îles Wallis :

 îlot Saint Christophe
 Faioa
 Fenuafo'ou
 Fugalei
 Luaniva
 Nukuatea
 Nukufotu
 Nukuhifala
 Nukuloa
 Nukuhione
 Nukutapu
 Nukuteatea
 Tekaviki
 Wallis

Autres territoires

 Île de Clipperton (la souveraineté française n'est plus contestée par le Mexique, malgré la pression de certains petits groupes nationalistes)

Îles fluviales

Sur l'Adour

Sur l'Approuague (Guyane)

Sur l'Aulne (Finistère)

Sur le Bès (Cantal)

Sur la Bidassoa (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)

Sur le Blavet (Morbihan)

Sur la Charente

Sur la Dordogne

Sur le Doubs

Sur la Garonne

Sur la Gironde

Sur l'Ill

Sur la Loire
En Indre-et-Loire :

En Loire-Atlantique :

Dans le Loiret :

En Maine-et-Loire :

Dans la Nièvre :

Sur la Marne
En Seine-et-Marne :

En Seine-Saint-Denis :

Dans le Val-de-Marne :

Sur le Maroni (Guyane)

Sur la Mayenne

Sur la Meuse

Sur la Moselle

Sur l'Oise
Dans le Val-d'Oise :

Dans l'Oise :

Sur l'Oust (Morbihan)

Sur l'Oyapock (Guyane)

Sur la rivière d'Étel (Morbihan)

Sur la rivière des Marsouins (Réunion)

Sur le Rhin

Sur le Rhône

Sur la Saône

Sur la Sarthe

Sur la Scarpe (Nord)

Sur la Seine

Dans l'Aube :

Dans l'Essonne :

Dans l'Eure :

À Paris :

Dans les Hauts-de-Seine :

En Seine-et-Marne :

En Seine-Maritime :

En Seine-Saint-Denis :

Dans le Val-d'Oise :

Dans les Yvelines :

Autres :

Sur la Vienne
En Haute-Vienne :

En Charente :

Dans la Vienne :

En Indre-et-Loire :

Sur l'Yerres
Dans l'Essonne :

Îles lacustres

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
 Lac d'Annecy :
 Île des Cygnes

Grand Est
 Lac du Der-Chantecoq :
 Île de Chantecoq (environ 42 hectares)

Île-de-France

Nouvelle-Aquitaine
 Lac Marin de Port-d'Albret :
 Île du Port-d'Albret

 Îles du lac de Vassivière :
 Île de Vassivière
 Île de Vauveix

Occitanie
 Étang de l'Ayrolle :
 Île Saint-Martin

 Îles de l'étang de Bages et de Sigean :
 Île de l'Aute
 Île de Planasse
 Île Sainte-Lucie

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
 Lac de Sainte-Croix :
 Île de Costebelle

 Lac de Serre-Ponçon :
 Îlot Saint-Michel

Par superficie
Ce tableau regroupe les îles françaises de plus de , classées par superficie décroissante.

Par population

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Îles Anglo-Normandes
 Association les petites îles de France


Breast milk contains a lot of sugars that infants can't digest, but that feed bacteria that live in human intestines. Those bacteria don't just help digest food, said Hinde.
Studies in mice and rats show that signals released by bacteria in the gut can affect how sociable and anxious a baby is.
My comment: Despite the obvious links from food odors and pheromones to hormones that organize and activate behavior in all vertebrates and invertebrates, the suggestion here is that breast milk MAY alter behavior via the same GnRH-directed pathways of all mammals.
and neurobiological systems of exquisite complexity.
…so many changes in methylation, and you can track them down to a single factor." Like all transcription factors, Stat5a binds to DNA and in so doing changes the way a specific gene or genes are expressed.
My comment: The "single factor" is not Stat5a. It is nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, which is linked from RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to the stability of organized genomes via fixation of the amino acid substitutions in the context of the physiology of reproduction.
We addressed that fact in the molecular epigenetics section of our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review.
Variation in splicing, despite its stochasticity, may play in contrast a comparatively greater role in defining individual phenotypes.
Anyone who has followed Elizabeth Pennisi's excellent reviews of what is currently known about RNA-directed DNA methylation and RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions that differentiate the cell types of all cells of all individuals of all genera will also understand the links from gut microbes and mammary gland "memory" to breast milk and human behavior. Parenthetically, the gut microbes link viral microRNAs and nutrient-dependent microRNAs from the microRNA/messenger RNA balance to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and protein folding that links the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of all genera.
The mutations presumably affected gene expression. But how? The impasse "suggested we needed to get moving on understanding regulatory variation," recalls Nancy Cox, a quantitative human geneticist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville.
My comment: Serious scientists at Vanderbilt University are among those who have linked nutritional epigenetics to metabolic networks and genetic networks via what is currently known about the biophysically constrained chemistry of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and protein folding. They have placed their findings into the context of pharmacogenomics. See: Clinically Actionable Genotypes Among 10,000 Patients With Preemptive Pharmacogenomic Testing, or the accurate portrayal of findings in this brief video Pharmacogenomics at Mayo Clinic.
The gene, cell, tissue, organ, organ-system pathway is a neuroscientifically established link between sensory input and behavior. Marts and Resnick (2007) stress the importance of this pathway in the context of a systems biology approach to pharmacogenomics.
My comment: This "Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling" contains ~150 markers that link RNA-mediated metabolic networks and genetic networks. Testing for many of these biomarkers is readily available and typically paid for by Medicare, but not other insurers.
Physicians may not order the testing because corporate dictates and their practice guidelines (e.g., 15 minutes per patient/ 30 patients each day) do not allow them to spend much time on preventative medicine. There is also an issue of increased liability if a physician prescribes something that is red-flagged in the pharmacogenomic profile. People will need to inform themselves and seek out the testing. When they do, the problem for insurers and for evolutionary theorists becomes apparent. Insurers will be forced to pay for preventative "precision medicine." Evolutionary theorists will be forced to abandon their ridiculous theories.
Val158Met is a single amino acid substitution that links developmental differences in behavior to life history transitions in humans via the honeybee model organism of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled RNA-mediated cell type differentiation without the pseudoscientific nonsense about mutations and evolution.
The honeybee already serves as a model organism for studying human immunity, disease resistance, allergic reaction, circadian rhythms, antibiotic resistance, the development of the brain and behavior, mental health, longevity, diseases of the X chromosome, learning and memory, as well as conditioned responses to sensory stimuli (Kohl, 2012).
Abstract: This atoms to ecosystems model of ecological adaptations links nutrient-dependent epigenetic effects on base pairs and amino acid substitutions to pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA / messenger RNA balance and chromosomal rearrangements. The nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled changes are required for the thermodynamic regulation of intracellular signaling, which enables biophysically constrained nutrient-dependent protein folding; experience-dependent receptor-mediated behaviors, and organism-level thermoregulation in ever-changing ecological niches and social niches. Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological, social, neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction are manifested in increasing organismal complexity in species from microbes to man. Species diversity is a biologically-based nutrient-dependent morphological fact and species-specific pheromones control the physiology of reproduction. The reciprocal relationships of species-typical nutrient-dependent morphological and behavioral diversity are enabled by pheromone-controlled reproduction. Ecological variations and biophysically constrained natural selection of nutrients cause the behaviors that enable ecological adaptations. Species diversity is ecologically validated proof-of-concept. Ideas from population genetics, which exclude ecological factors, are integrated with an experimental evidence-based approach that establishes what is currently known. This is known: Olfactory/pheromonal input links food odors and social odors from the epigenetic landscape to the physical landscape of DNA in the organized genomes of species from microbes to man during their development.
Note: I abandoned use of the term adaptive evolution, since no experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect suggests that species evolve. All experimental evidence of biologically-based cause and effect links ecological variation to ecological adaptation via the biophysically constrained chemistry of nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and protein folding.