text:
SOE: Star Wars Galaxies Fans Will Feel "At Home" in New MMO
Stew Shearer | 27 Jan 2014 23:32
Image Source: Massively
SOE president John Smedley says that SOE's next MMO project will incorporate "sandbox elements" similar to those featured in Star Wars Galaxies.
Arguably one of the most painful MMO closures of the past few years was Star Wars Galaxies. While the game wasn't always beloved by all, it managed to accumulate a sizable and dedicated fan base that was heartbroken when Sony Online Entertainment announced that it would be shutting down in 2011. That being the case, SOE president John Smedley recently revealed that the company has an unannounced title in the works that, according to his statement, will be "dedicated to" fans of Star Wars Galaxies.
According to Smedley, the new MMO will be "a game that many of the old [Star Wars Galaxies] players will feel right at home in." The "at home" appeal will apparently come from the new game's freedom-based mechanics. "It's got a heavy amount of sandbox elements that made SWG what it was," explained Smedley. Sadly, Smedley was also able to confirm that the new MMO is "not a Star Wars game.
Not that we were expecting it to be one. It wasn't that long ago, of course, that Electronic Arts signed a long term deal with Disney giving it exclusive rights to make Star Wars video games. Put shortly, it would have taken some intense finagling on SOE's part to get the required permission needed to make a new MMO based in that universe. Add in the fact that EA is still trying to make money off of its own extravagantly expensive Star Wars MMORPG and we feel safe in saying that a Star Wars Galaxies 2 was never going to happen even if SOE wanted to make it. That said, the absence of a preexisting license almost makes this new game more interesting, as its creative options are arguably wider. In turn, we'll be watching and waiting to see what Smedley and friends have up their sleeves.
stew shearer, mmo, mmorpg, new ip, sony online entertainment, star wars galaxies, video games
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Us Girls is a StreetGames initiative to get more young females active by providing fitness and sport opportunities within North Tyneside.
Us Girls Shiremoor is our very own girls club in North Tyneside where girls from ages 8-18 can meet up weekly and join in various activities. They take part in different workshops such as diet and nutrition, setting personal targets and each term they try new sports and fitness classes including Football, Hula hooping, Dancing and many more. The sessions are very much youth led where the girls decide on which topics they would like to focus on and which sports they would like to try; this has been the most successful and fun way to ensure the girls come along and enjoy their group.
For more information about the national StreetGames campaign, please click here:- http://www.streetgames.org/www/ug/content/home?


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Thanks to an innovative piloting system, you can try all the stunts that made the FRECCE TRICOLORI famous around the world. With three game modes, you can experience the thrill of a real military pilot according to your skill. You think you're really an expert? Try the simulation mode and push your reflexes to the maximum!
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US core inflation is expected to remain unchanged in August.
Markets are looking beyond the September hike and into the future.
It could serve as a significant market mover for the US Dollar.
The US publishes the Consumer Price Index report on Thursday, September 13th, at 12:30 GMT. With Trump's trade tariffs, issues with Emerging Markets, and Brexit, it is easy to brush off the fundamentals of foreign exchange. Markets move on interest rates, especially the American ones. And the Federal Reserve has two mandates: employment and inflation.
The most important figure is Core CPI, the measure that excludes energy and food. The Fed targets the Core PCE, another gauge that uses a slightly different methodology and is published late in the month.,Nevertheless, Core CPI and the Core PCE are highly correlated, and the earlier Core CPI release has a more significant impact.
Core CPI hit a cycle high of 2.4% YoY in July, beating expectations. A repeat of the same figure is now forecast. The response will likely be straightforward: a better than expected number would imply inflation is heating up and the Fed will have to react with more rate hikes. Therefore, it will likely result in an instant move higher in the US Dollar.
A slide in core prices implies that inflation has peaked out and the Fed is closer to ending the tightening cycle, making the immediate reaction a downside one.
If Core CPI YoY meets expectations with 2.4%, the reaction will likely be more limited. The response could reflect a surprise in the MoM figure which is projected at 0.2%. If this meets projections as well, the headline CPI YoY is next in line of importance. Here, lower energy prices have pushed expectations down to 2.7% after a result of 2.9% in July.
While the reaction is set to be straightforward for the US Dollar in general, the world's most popular currency pair, the EUR/USD is not the best candidate to trade the event. The European Central Bank holds its rate decision at around the same time. ECB President Mario Draghi begins talking at 12:30, the time of the publication. His words may have a stronger immediate impact on the EUR/USD than the data.
However, we could see a significant reaction in other pairs such as the USD/JPY, the GBP/USD, especially commodity currencies such as the AUD/USD and the USD/CAD.
The Federal Reserve is going to raise rates in September. If anybody had a doubt, the robust Non-Farm Payrolls report cast that doubt away and also added to the odds of a rate hike in December, the fourth in 2018, in December. The CPI data will help shape the expectations for December.
Moreover, inflation data will also lay the ground for assessing the higher limit of the Fed's interest rates in the cycle. If inflation reached its limit and is now receding from the peak, the Fed may be closer to its neutral rate. If prices accelerate their gains, the Fed's ceiling for lending rates may do so as well.
After the September Fed decision, rates will have reached a range of 2-2.25%. Assuming a move in December, the range will reach 2.25-2.50%, which is where core inflation sits at the moment. This could be regarded as a neutral rate where policy is not loose not right. Will the Fed stop there? It is hard to tell as there is quite some time until 2019. Nevertheless, if inflation is stuck, the Fed may follow.
US inflation is a top-tier economic indicator. Any surprise on the Core CPI YoY is set to move the US Dollar in a straightforward manner, but perhaps not against the Euro due to the timing. The numbers are unlikely to impact the Fed in September but will serve as critical input for December and beyond.


text:
Q: How to filter Date format "2016-09-12 11:21:50 BRT" to format dd/MM/yyyy on Datatable or Angular Controller? I need convert a date from back-end (JAVA) to front-end (Angular), the format date is "2016-09-12 11:21:50 BRT" or "2016-09-12 11:21:50 BRST". I using a datatable javascript to populate a table on front-end. I need a filter for datatable or angular controller, I try used $filter of Angular, but did not work. Follow my code, I need parse createDate and modifyDate .
function loadTable(documents) {
    $("#dtDocs").DataTable({
        destroy: true,
        data: documents,
        autoWidth: false,
        searching: true,
        pageLength: 20,
        language: {
            "url": "/plugins/datatables/language/Portuguese-Brasil.json",
            "emptyTable": "Nenhum documento encontrado.",
            "search": "Buscar"
        },
        columns: [
            { data: 'number' },
            { data: 'revision' },
            { data: 'name' },
            { data: 'class' },
            { data: 'fileName' },
            { data: 'createDate' },
            { data: 'modifyDate' },
            { data: function (row) {
                if (row.fileName.indexOf(".PDF") == -1 && row.fileName.indexOf(".pdf") == -1) {
                    return '';
                } else {
                    return '';
                }
            }}

        ],
        order: [[1, 'asc']],
        processing: false,
        lengthChange: false
    });
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Evelyn Rockas, Coldwell Banker Realty - LynnfieldPhone: (617) 256-8500
Evelyn Rockas
63a Topsfield Rd
Boxford, MA 01921
Courtesy of Re/max On The River, Inc.
MLS Property Information Network
Looking beyond the ordinary? Eager to completely disconnect? This extraordinary country estate is your dream come true. Sited on quiet 4.3 acres of breathtaking grounds with gardens plus an additional 10 acres of common land with pastures, pond and access to the trails of Lockwood Forest. Meticulously maintained with updates throughout the Main House as well as the separate Carriage House (in-law with full kitchen and living space). Modern updates while retaining the magic and character of yesteryear. Enjoy vacationing on your own property with in-ground solar heated pool, lighted surrounding patio and pool house, tennis court, and separate grotto for private wine cave. Large barn (61' X 29') is the perfect home for your 4-legged friends or your own separate pavilion for special events. This property has all too many features to mention. See attached highlights for additional details. Call for your private viewing and take advantage of this once in a lifetime opportunity.
I'd like to learn more about 63a Topsfield Rd Boxford, MA 01921.
Information courtesy of Re/max On The River, Inc. is subject to verification and is not guaranteed.
Coldwell Banker Realty - Lynnfield
1085 Summer Street
Lynnfield, MA 01940
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity Program of Property Information Network, Inc. . Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Coldwell Banker Realty - Lynnfield are marked with the Internet Data Exchange/Broker Reciprocity logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers. The broker providing this data believes it to be correct, but advises interested parties to confirm them before relying on them in a purchase decision. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. © 2022 Property Information Network, Inc.. All rights reserved. Updated: 01/17/2022 05:13 PM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Also later this year, hopefully in September, Legion's debut album 'False Dawn' celebrates its 20th anniversary re-release as a double CD with remixes and hard to find Legion tracks. All of the remixes have been done and mastering is due to take place in Poland in June.
This year, we are also due to see the re-pressing of Nagamatzu's 'Sacred Islands of the Mad' vinyl LP on Dark Entries records, thanks to the fantastic response by fans of dark shoegazing neo wave, whatever you want to call it.
Finally, a very exciting album project is underway with some great musician friends of mine. At the moment, this is top secret, but the sound is very deep and powerful and I think you'll be blown away by the tracks when this project sees the light of day. We've been exchanging tracks via FTP and reworking each other's sounds until we're happy that the perfect dark hybrid has surfaced.


Little Princess Charlotte's recent christening inspired me to share something I learned from a beloved etiquette grandam, Elsa Maxwell. Is anyone obligated to give anything at a christening? If you've ever wondered about this, especially if you were invited to the christening ceremony but not the baby shower, Elsa has the simple answer.
According to tradition the only people obligated to present the baby with a gift is the godparents. Of which Elsa says baby girls have two sets of godmothers and one godfather and little boys have the reverse although there can actually be as many as the parents would like. Each presents the baby with a gift of something either for the future (e.g. college fund, bonds) or that's useful for the moment such as the Amish rocking chair and personalized Alpaca baby blanket Princess Charlotte received from first lady Michelle Obama.
The antique 19th century christening gown above can be found here.
For more in the series of gift giving do's and don't's of etiquette see the gift giving etiquette section over here. Favorite etiquette books for further reading can be found here.


In a large pot over medium heat, melt butter. Stir in celery and onion powder and cook 5 minutes. Pour in chicken broth and stir in cauliflower, carrots and green beans. Simmer until tender, about 10 to 15 minutes.
Stir in cheese until melted. Stir in sherry, milk, garlic powder, salt, and nutmeg. Combine cornstarch and water in a bowl until cornstarch is dissolved. Stir into soup. Cook, stirring, until thickened and heated through.
In a medium saucepan over medium high heat, combine the soup..
Place asparagus and onion in a saucepan with 1/2 cup vegetab..
Place the tomatoes, onion and crackers into a large bowl. Se..
Whisk matcha powder in a bowl to remove any lumps; add a spl..
In a medium saucepan, combine beans, onion, and garlic, and ..


text:
Antoine Penchenier, mort en 1761 à Donzère, est un médecin français.

Biographie
Originaire de Montélimar, il étudia la médecine à Montpellier. Penchenier a rédigé, pour le volume  de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et D'Alembert, l'article « goutte » où il dénonce par la même occasion les charlatans et leurs poudres d'orviétan.

Après sa mort, sa veuve, Delphine Rapin, épouse Vincent-Amable de Roqueplane, baron de Lestrade, de Montélimar.

Il existe une rue du Docteur Penchenier à Bagnols-sur-Cèze.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Frank Arthur Kafker, The encyclopedists as individuals: a biographical dictionary of the authors of the Encyclopédie, Oxford, Studies on Voltaire and the eighteenth Century, 1988, p. 295-6.

Liens externes

Médecin français du XVIIIe siècle
Collaborateur de l'Encyclopédie (1751-1772)
Date de naissance non renseignée (XVIIIe siècle)
Décès en 1761

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Фри́дберг:

Топоним
 Фридберг — город в Германии, в земле Бавария.
 Фридберг — город в Австрии, в федеральной земле Штирия.
 Фридберг — город в Германии, в земле Гессен.
 Фридберг — крепость в одноимённом городе в земле Гессен.

Персоналии
 Фридберг, Авраам Шалом (1838—1902) — еврейский писатель, публицист и редактор.
 Фридберг, Исаак Шаевич (род. 1947) — советский кинорежиссёр, писатель и сценарист.
 Фридберг, Карл (1872—1955) — немецко-американский пианист и музыкальный педагог.
 Фридберг, Пинхос Шаевич (род. 1938) — литовский профессор, доктор наук.
 Фридберг, Джейсон (род 1971) — американский сценарист и режиссёр.

См. также
 Айхах-Фридберг () — район в Германии.
  (1755—1836), швейцарский политик и государственный деятель, дипломат.


Do you need contact lenses but have sensitive eyes? Or do you have these lenses but you are getting allergies from contact solution? Well, it's about time to end this nightmare. You only need to get a contact solution that is perfect for your sensitive eyes. This is to make sure that you will not get any eye complications from these solutions.
Drops. In cases when your concern is about eye dryness while having contact lenses, it is best to get a contact drop to moisturize the eyes. This is best to be used since this doesn't hurt your sensitive eyes as well as your contact lenses.
Saline solution. Since this soft solution is needed for rinsing and storing the contact lenses, it is a must that you have this with you. However, there is a known preservative added to it known as thimerosal, which is the common cause of allergies like irritation, itching, and burning of the eyes. Therefore, if you have sensitive eyes, you need to specifically pick this salt soft solution that is labeled thimerosal-free. Just be reminded that this product has an expiration date so you need to use it before that time.
Enzymatic cleaning tablets. The contact lenses need to be freed from any protein in it at least once a week. In this case, these tablets are needed to do this function. Since this is mostly used with saline solutions, you just need to use the thimerosal-free ones for your sensitive eyes.
Multi-purpose solution. This is one of the most popular contact care solutions used by a lot of people. This is because it is an all-in-one contact complete solution that can be used in total convenience. However, do not ever use this kind for your sensitive eyes. This solution contains preservatives such as thimerosal that can cause complications to your eyes.
Always consult a medical professional when choosing a care solution for your eyes and your contact lenses. They very well know which one is best and the ones that can only cause harm.
Always buy contact complete solution that is labeled preservative-free. This is to ensure that you will not have any troubles when it is applied to your sensitive eyes.
Know what the reason behind your allergy is. If that happens, you can easily choose contact solution products without the ingredient that causes irritation of your eyes.
With all these things, it is very important that you consider this as a serious task. You need to select the proper contact solution for your sensitive eyes to avoid any problems. So make this as your assignment and make sure you got all the answers right.


As Head the Arts at All Nations, a cross-cultural mission training College in the UK, I have a passion to promote and facilitate the Arts in the missions context. I have spent 11 years pioneering and integrating Arts specialist modules in to the BA Hons Degree Programme at All Nations, and more recently in to the Masters programme. I have both pastoral and curriculum development responsibilities, and am also the Marketing and PR Manager for the College.
As Head of Arts I teach a variety of subjects ( Performing Arts, Music and Worship, Creative Evangelism, Art, Culture and Identity, and Communications with voice training). I supervise and mentor students at every level on the undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. I maintain a strong extra-curricular arts programme which includes conducting musical concerts and managing regular arts events. I build partnerships with mission organisations and theological colleges. I speak at Arts/Mission conferences, and run residential Arts weekends and summer schools which have so far included International Dance, World Worship Music, Film, and this year a new course "Arts for a Better Future." I oversee the ongoing developments of the Arts at All Nations.


text:
SW's 2021 Class Shaping Up
Isaiah Walker
In our last article we profiled the top unsigned seniors in Southwest Ohio, and, for as much talent as was featured in that piece, the class of 2021 in the Greater Cincinnati and Dayton area might be even deeper. With several players holding early scholarship offers, but no one being committed to a school yet, here's a look at the top college prospects in the region who are off to a great start in their junior season….
Nate Johnson – 6'3 PG/SG Lakota East: Johnson has been the breakout star of not only the Greater Cincinnati area in his 2021 class, but possibly of the entire state through the early point of the season, having put up over 24 PPG, including outstanding showings of 28 points against Cincinnati Taft and 34 points against Cincinnati Princeton. Leading a Lakota East missing a few key pieces with injuries to a 5-0 start, Johnson has been sensational, not only as a scorer but as an all-around player. A big time athlete with a strong frame and explosive leaping ability, Johnson is also an adept passer who wants to find open teammates; however, so far this season he's also proven that he can shoot the ball, as he's currently shooting over 65% from the field and has been reliable in the mid-range with his pull-up. Johnson's progression reminds us of '19 Cincinnati Moeller guard Deuce McBride (currently playing a major role for West Virginia in his freshman season), as Johnson is an all-around guard who can score and pass, but who also has great athletic tools to use on the defensive end. College coaches agree with Johnson' progression, as the 6'3 junior holds several mid-major offers, but has seen increased high-major attention in the last few weeks, including taking new unofficial visits to both Xavier and Cincinnati.
Logan Duncomb – 6'9 C Cincinnati Moeller: By far the most heavily recruited player on this list up to this point, Duncomb already holds early scholarship offers from Indiana, Ohio State, Xavier, Wisconsin, Iowa and Cincinnati, and that list is going to continue to grow, as the 6'9 post is putting up solid numbers at 13 PPG and 10 RPG through Moeller's first three games of the season. A true post player with a long wingspan, Duncomb is an exceptional perimeter defender who, even though he isn't a dynamic athlete, can positionally defend and influence shots at the rim, while being a volume rebounder. Offensively, Duncomb can hit the mid-range shot but is best around the rim with his hook-shot or spin-back hook-shot, as he likes to catch the ball with his back to the basket. As he still has a raw frame, Duncomb is only going to get better as he continues to get more coordinated and stronger, making him one of Ohio's most high-upside 2021 prospects given his combination of size, experience and skill.
Anthony McComb – 6'2 SG Dayton Thurgood Marshall: We said it back in the fall at our open gym series, we just cannot for the life of us understand why none of the in-state mid-major schools have offered McComb! In our opinion, the fact that McComb is currently offer-less makes him Ohio's biggest sleeper in 2021, as there just aren't many players with his combination of size, athleticism, skill and most notably, grit. A terrorizing wing defender who has the frame and athleticism to guard all three-perimeter positions, McComb is a high motor player who makes winning plays not associated with scoring. Offensively he's a pull-up shooter in the mid-range who can create off the dribble, but is also exceptionally unselfish as a slashing guard who likes to find teammates as well. McComb is as solid of an all-around guard as there is in the class, and we'd be willing to bet the farm that schools coming flocking in to Thurgood Marshall before the end of McComb's career.
Isaiah Walker – 6'5 SG Wyoming: We expected this season to be the turning point for Walker, as, due to graduation, the offense at Wyoming runs through Walker this year. Even with Evan Prater, arguably Cincinnati's top senior hooper, next to him, Walker is putting up 21 PPG this season, a big increase from last year's 13 PPG. Walker, at 6'5, has become a reliable three-point shooter in his junior season, adding another skill to his previous repertoire, which consisted more of being a slashing scoring wing. A long and smooth athlete who can handle the ball, Walker has a good feel for the offensive game, and all the physical measurables that will college coaches want to see. While Walker does boast two early NCAA D1 scholarship offers from Youngstown State and Western Carolina, we expect that list to grow significantly between now and signing day a year from now.
Aidan Noyes – 6'6 SF Cincinnati Moeller: The second of four Moeller players to make this list, some might be surprised to see Noyes' name here, as he averages a modest 7 PPG in the early part of the season; however, college coaches love Noyes' upside. A lanky 6'6 athlete with deceptive bounce at the basket, Noyes is a shooter who can run and jump, which makes him the prototypical NCAA D1 wing in today's game. After playing on the junior varsity team a season ago, Noyes is starting to find his niche with Moeller's varsity this year, and we expect his scoring to go up some as the season goes, on a Moeller team that has a plethora of scoring options. With an offer list that already includes Bowling Green, Akron, Miami (OH) and Northern Kentucky, it's safe to say that college coaches are fully onboard with the long-term upside of Noyes as an athletic scoring wing.
Alex Williams – 6'4 PF Cincinnati Moeller: Another Moeller player to make this list, Williams was a starter on last year's State Championship team, and probably will be the team's first scoring option over the next two seasons. Currently second on Moeller's team at over 17 PPG through three contests, Williams is a power forward with a small forward skill-set. Capable of shooting it from the perimeter but best around the basket, what Williams lacks in height, he makes up for in strength and heart, as he's a warrior down low who can will the ball in the rim with multiple efforts and the power to bully opponents. Williams also is light on his feet for his size, giving him the versatility to attack against bigger forwards when he's matched with at true big. Youngstown State, Kent State and Robert Morris have already offered Williams, and that list could grow as, even though he lacks great height, Williams is expected to be among the top high school forwards in the state this season.
Will McCracken – 6'4 SF Cincinnati Moeller: Yes, one more Moeller wing forward is on the list, as McCracken fits a similar role to Noyes, where his scoring numbers might not reflect just how good of a prospect he is. A rangy athlete on the wing who can play in transition or the half-court, McCracken is an ideal glue guy who makes hustle plays, rebounds and defends for Moeller; however, he's plenty capable of being a scorer as well when the opportunity presents itself. McCracken shoots a good ball from the perimeter, and, with his athleticism, has slashing ability, as he's currently averaging 6 PPG on 59% shooting for the Crusaders. With McCracken already holding scholarship offers from Ohio, Akron, Robert Morris and Western Carolina, we believe college coaches are already sold on the overall role McCracken can bring to the table, as well as his experience and buy-in at playing that role.
Jakada Stone – 6'0 PG Cincinnati Aiken: There might be some more naturally talented scoring point guards in Ohio's 2021 class, but we believe an argument could be made that there is not a better pure passing point guard in Ohio's junior class then Stone, a third year starter for a successful Aiken program. A shifty athlete who can explode with burst in transition or in the ball-screen game, Stone is a bulldog with a tough mentality and competitive spirit. He's capable as a scorer as well as excelling as a passer, with current averages of over 26 PPG, 4.5 assists, 6.5 rebounds and 2.5 steals per game. With Stone adding a more consistent three-point shot this year, there really are no weak points in his game, as we expect him to become a household name among hoop-heads in Ohio by the end of Aiken's showcase games at events such as Flyin' to the Hoop.
AJ Braun – 6'8 C Middletown Bishop Fenwick: Through three games this season, Braun is on an absolute offensive tear, averaging over 21 PPG and 8 RPG, while shooting over 70% from the field! Even though the expectations weren't super high for his Fenwick team heading into the season, Braun has been the primary catalyst in keeping the Falcons in games, as the 6'8 post has a skilled all-around offensive game where he can shoot it from three or play in the post. We wrote in the fall that Braun has appeared more coordinated and confident in open gym settings, as, once his body catches up to his offensive game and feel, Braun has considerable upside as a scoring post who can also put up solid rebounding numbers. Ohio offered Braun a scholarship over the summer, as we expect his list to grow as more schools see the 6'8 big out of the Middletown area.
Brayden Sipple – 6'3 SG Blanchester: It's easy to forget about Blanchester's Brayden Sipple, located way out east of Cincinnati; however, that's going to change soon, as Sipple is among Ohio's leading scorers through five games, averaging an unbelievable 37.4 points, 13.2 rebounds, 4.2 steals, 3.2 assists and 2.2 blocks per game, all while shooting 62% from the field, 35% from three and 90% from the foul line. So, it's safe to say that no one has been more dominant than Sipple so far this season, as the junior wing is an athletic and explosive slasher who can make shots in bunches and who plays the do-it-all role as Blanchester's Mr. Everything. After a strong season on the travel circuit over the summer, Sipple has both NCAA D1 and D2 offers and interest, as we're going to be very interested to see which coaches make the trek out Blanchester to get their eyes on Sipple as his incredible offensive run continues.
Camron McKenzie – 6'1 SG Cincinnati Hughes: After averaging 16 PPG as Hughes' second scorer a year ago, folks certainly wondered aloud as to what McKenzie would do this season in the number one scoring role for the Big Red. Through four contests, not only has McKenzie proved even the stingiest naysayer wrong, having averaged 23 PPG, but Hughes is 4-0, with huge league rivalry wins over both Cincinnati Taft and Cincinnati Woodward on their resume. McKenzie is not as naturally athletic as some of the players on this list, but he is a 100% pure hooper, as the junior combo guard can shoot it from three or attack off the bounce, where he's strong at taking contact and finishing the play anyways. A tough but quiet guard who still hasn't gotten his due in the city, let alone the state, McKenzie is a name to follow as the season unfolds in Cincinnati.
Skyler Schmidt – 6'7 PF/C Clermont Northeastern: A junkyard dog who had a breakout season on the travel circuit with the Nike EYBL's NEO Tru Game, Schmidt has started off his junior season with a bang, becoming arguably Greater Cincinnati's top rebounder. A capable scorer averaging around 24 PPG so far this season, it's easy to forget about Schmidt out CNE, but he's got the numbers and the game to garner more attention as the season goes on. With interest coming from both the NCAA D1 and D2 levels, this spring/summer travel season will be huge for Schmidt's recruitment.
Honorable Mention: Kodee Holloway (PG/SG Finneytown), Chanze Amerson (PG Dayton Thurgood Marshall), Montev Ware (PG Cincinnati Woodward), Zion Reynolds (SG Cincinnati West High), Patrick Ivory (SF Dayton Northmont), Ani Elliott (C Deer Park), Donovan Stocks (SF Covington Catholic/KY)
← SW Ohio Unsigned Seniors
SW 2022's on the Rise →


Also I have no idea whether shroom bread actually exists nor whether it is as good as the fictitious Elements variety is supposed to be.
Then eat some shroom bread.
or, look at oposit side of your house.
ps. why is the insides of a cylinder house so... square?
Last edited by RunsWithLegos on Thu Oct 14, 2010 3:35 pm, edited 1 time in total.
There are 2 blue books and one of them leads to the shroom lab but the other one is a gate way to Silverdream's mind, what will you chose.
There are 2 blue books and one of them leads to the shroom lab but the other one is a gate way to Silverdream mind, what will you chose.
RunsWithLegos wrote: ps. why is the insides of a cylinder house so... square?
It's an unraveled cylinder. So if you taped the ends together you'd get what it should look like, only you wouldn't be able to see anything inside.
then were is his bed?
From this point on, fairy dust and wizards are the explanation for anything that doesn't make sense.
Regained your Mushroom farming skills?
I thought you were the a very good farmer does he have short term memory loss?
Ignore what I said before. Didn't see the rest.
Last edited by SnakeMittens on Thu Oct 14, 2010 6:28 pm, edited 1 time in total.


text:
007 - The World Is Not Enough
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text:
\section{Introduction}
The high-T$_{\rm c}$ superconductors
REBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+{\rm x}}$ (REBCO), where RE denotes yttrium or one of the
rare-earth atoms Yb, Er, Y, Sm, Nd, or La, have been studied extensively,
both theoretically and experimentally. Among others, the
impact of the oxygen deficient  CuO$_{\rm x}$ (sometimes
called Cu(1)) planes on superconductivity has
been investigated. In particular, the charge transfer from the Cu(1)
planes to the superconducting CuO$_2$ (or Cu(2)) planes has been
shown to play a crucial role.

The Cu(1) planes consist of linear Cu--O--$\,\cdots\,$--O--Cu
chain fragments (CFs). Each Cu atom is strongly coupled to the two
apical oxygen atoms in adjacent Ba-O planes. Depending on the number, $l$,
of neighboring oxygen atoms in a CF, Cu atoms may be
$(l\!+\!2)$-fold coordinated. Obviously, a threefold coordinated
Cu atom, Cu$^{(3)}$, is located at the end of a chain fragment; fourfold
coordination (Cu$^{(4)}$) is realized for a copper atom in the CF, while
an isolated Cu atom is twofold coordinated, Cu$^{(2)}$.
The concentration of differently coordinated Cu atoms has been determined
experimentally by means of NMR-NQR \cite{luetg1,luetg2} and x-ray
absorption spectroscopy (XAS) \cite{tranq,tolen}.
Using the soft XAS method, it is possible to estimate the concentration of
oxygen holes in sufficiently long Cu-O chains. For example, for untwinned
YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$, it has been found to be about 30\% \cite{krol}.

$T_c$, the superconducting phase transition temperature, as a function
of oxygen content $x$ is known to display the
prominent 60 K and 90 K plateaus for RE = Yb, Y and Er \cite{BHHKW90}, i.e.,
the compounds of comparatively small RE ionic radii. The analog of the
60 K plateau is less pronounced for RE = Gd \cite{veal_4}, and the plateaus
are practically absent for the REBCO compounds with
RE = Nd \cite{BHHKW90,veal_4} and La \cite{lindemer}.
The distribution of chain lengths in the CF ensemble allows one to
estimate the concentration of holes leaving the chains, $n_h$,
which is usually assumed to be
proportional to $T_c$, unless one is in the underdoping
($n_h\!<\!0.05$) and overdoping
($n_h\!>\!0.25$) regimes. Underdoping corresponds to localization of
transferred holes in CuO$_2$ planes, while overdoping holds
near the maximum of $T_c(n_h)$ (see \cite{lant_1} and  \cite{lant_2}).

$T_c$ depends not only on $x$ but also on the temperature, $T_q$, at
which the Cu(1) planes have been effectively equilibrated experimentally.
$T_q$ is typically the annealing temperature for rapid quenches, or
the room temperature, $T_R$, if the cooling was done slowly; below
$T_R$, the mobility of the oxygen atoms in the CuO$_x$ planes
is greatly reduced.
Varying $T_q$ up to 350$^{\circ}$C in experiments on YBCO,
Veal and co-workers \cite{veal_1} showed that the 60 K plateau is sensitive
to changes of $T_q$. In fact, the plateau becomes less pronounced with
increasing $T_q$.
A subsequent experiment \cite{gant} confirmed these results, and demonstrated
that the various annealing temperatures $T_q$ are accompanied by
rearrangements in the ensemble of chain fragments.
Note, that the temperature considered in our theoretical analysis of the
Cu--O chains corresponds to $T_q$ in experiments.

The Cu-O chains in the Cu(1) planes may form differently ordered
phases, the orthorhombic, Ortho-I, Ortho-II, and probably
Ortho-III (see, for instance, \cite{zeis,plakh_1,plakh_2,hohl_2,and_1}, as
well as the
tetragonal phases, which have been identified
experimentally. The perfect Ortho-I and Ortho-II structures together with
a typical arrangement of oxygen atoms in the
tetragonal structure are shown in Figure \ref{figure1}.

The transformation from the semiconducting to the metal state
in YBCO is usually ascribed
to the tetragonal--orthorhombic transition. The underlying
microscopic mechanism seems to be the
delocalization of holes in the  CuO$_2$ planes resulting
in a change of the oxygen hole chemical potential, which, in turn,
influences the structural properties \cite{gaw_2}.

Some years ago, a lattice--gas model, the asymmetric
next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ASYNNNI) model, has been
proposed for describing the oxygen ordering in
the Cu(1) planes of YBCO \cite{font_1}.
It is based on three effective coupling constants as shown in Figure
\ref{figure2}. Two of these couplings,
the nearest neighbor oxygen repulsion $V_1$ ($>0$) and the
next-nearest neighbor attraction $V_2$ ($<0$) mediated by a copper atom,
favor Ortho-I-like configurations. The third coupling, $V_3$, the direct
interaction between next-nearest oxygen atoms without intermediate Cu atom,
is supposed to be repulsive, thereby favoring formation of
Ortho-II-like configurations. The phase diagram of the model is sketched
in Figure \ref{figure3}. As noted before, when comparing to experiments,
the temperature should be interpreted as $T_q$.

The phase diagram of the ASYNNNI model has been analyzed using various
numerical approaches,
such as cluster variation methods \cite{wille,font_2,OLDSET2},
Monte Carlo simulations for static \cite{and_1,selk,fiig1,fiig2} as well
as dynamic properties \cite{kinet}, and
transfer-matrix finite-size techniques \cite{eins}. Among the approximate
analytical approaches, one may mention a low-temperature expansion of the free
energy \cite{oit} and high-temperature expansions \cite{uim_int,uim_pr}.
The model allows to reproduce remarkably well the main features of the
experimental phase diagram for YBCO.
As a note of caution, attention may be drawn, however, to
experimental findings providing evidence for a possible discrepancy in the
location of the phase boundary of the Ortho-II phase
\cite{gant,veal_3,OIITc,schw}. According to these experiments, the
disordering of the Ortho-II phase,
oxygen content $x$ close to 0.5, occurs at about 450 K.

In the ASYNNNI model the internal degrees of freedom of the CFs
are ignored, such as the charge and spin distributions. To take them into
account, one may start from an appropriate  microscopic model of the
Cu-O chains and try to map it onto a
corresponding lattice-gas model, possibly of ASYNNNI-type.
(Microscopic models have been also employed by  Aligia
\cite{alig_ssc,alig} to explain and predict some superstructures in the Cu(1)
planes).
Such an approach has been attempted before \cite{yakh,gaw_2}, motivated
by the suggestion that, in the
case of YBCO, the ASYNNNI model may be insufficient to describe
phenomena in the part of the phase diagram where short Cu-O chains
dominate. For instance, the chemical potential isotherms \cite{schl} are
reproduced only poorly, whose singularities
seem to be important near the tetragonal-to-Ortho-I
phase boundary where
the average lenght of the chains does not exceed a few lattice constants.
It had been suggested \cite{alar,rey,hohl}
to describe the tetragonal phase in YBCO
at $x\!<\!0.4$ in terms of a phase separation. In particular, neutron and
x-ray data had been interpreted, in the regime of phase separation,
as signalling short chains with a herringbone structure. However,
subsequently, the superstructure reflections were attributed to a
parasitic phase \cite{yakh}. (Nevertheless, there may be a chance to
find herringbone structures
or some other regular configurations of the very short chain fragments
in LaBCO, but not in YBCO; for possible patterns, see Figure \ref{figure4}.
Indeed, it has been shown \cite{schreck} that those
chain fragments are electric quadrupoles, and if they are dominant,
then the herringbone structure would be energetically preferred).

The motivation of the present study is to reconsider the ASYNNNI model
in view of the new experimental facts.
We shall relate that lattice-gas model to a strongly correlated
electron model, the Emery model,
for the Cu-O chains. This will allow us to reinterpret the crucial
coupling $V_2$, which will turn out to depend, for instance, on
temperature. In addition, a new parameter will be introduced,
reflecting the relevance of the shortest chain fragments, i.e. Cu-O-Cu.
Using Monte Carlo simulations, properties of the resulting
{\it extended} ASYNNNI model will be computed, based on the statistical
ensemble of chain fragments. The main considerations in relating
the Emery model to the ASYNNNI model will be presented in the
next section, followed by a section in which, based on the lattice-gas
model,
some interesting properties like the temperature dependence of
the charge transfer from the Cu-O chains in the Cu(1) planes to the
Cu(2) planes for various REBCO compounds as well as the distribution
of differently coordinated Cu atoms will be discussed.
A short summary will conclude the article.
\section{Microscopic description}
\subsection*{Charge transfer mechanism}
Following prior considerations \cite{rm}, we shall describe briefly
a possible charge transfer mechanism for the Cu-O chains in the Cu(1)
planes.

Assuming a strong repulsion between neighboring oxygen sites, see Figure
\ref{figure2}, linear Cu-O chain fragments are formed with essentially
no crossings. In a CF, oxygen and copper atoms form a strongly
correlated system
due to a strong hybridization of the oxygen $p_x(p_y)$ orbitals with the
$d_{z^2-x^2}(d_{z^2-y^2})$ orbitals of the copper atoms.
If we ignored the oxidation process, the $n$
oxygen atoms in a CF of composition Cu$_{n+1}$O$_n$ would be neutral,
while the $n\!+\!1$ Cu atoms would be in the monovalent
state, as in the parent compound YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_6$. In reality, a charge
transfer is expected to occur, which may be described formally as
a two-step process. The first
step corresponds to a charge redistribution in the CF, leading
to only one divalent O$^{2-}$ ion in each CF; schematically
\newline
Cu$^{+}$--$\,$O$\,$--$\,\dots\,$--$\,$Cu$^{+}$--$\,$O$\,$--$\,$Cu$^{+}$--$\,
\dots\,$--$\,$O$\,$--$\,$Cu$^{+}\longrightarrow$
\newline
Cu$^{2+}$--$\,$O${^-}$--$\,\dots\,$--$\,$Cu$^{2+}$--$\,$O$^{2-}$--$\,
$Cu$^{2+}$--$\,\dots\,$--$\,$O$^{-}$--$\,$Cu$^{2+}.$
\newline
\noindent
The second step involves a charge transfer from the monovalent
oxygen ions in a chain fragment to the Cu(2) planes or to other fragments.
The resulting CF has the form
Cu$^{2+}_{n+1}$O$^{2-}_m$O$^-_{n-m}$, where $m-1$ holes have been
transferred, assuming that each copper ion remains in the divalent
state. It has been shown experimentally
\cite{krol} that for long chains in YBCO $\,m/n\!\approx\!0.7$.
For short chains,
the optimal CF configurations have been estimated \cite{rm} to be
Cu$^{2+}_5$O$^{2-}_3$O$^{-}$ for $n\!=\!4$,
Cu$^{2+}_4$O$^{2-}_2$O$^{-}$ for $n\!=\!3$ and
Cu$^{2+}_3$O$^{2-}$O$^{-}$ (or Cu$^{2+}_3$O$^{2-}_2$) for $n\!=\!2$.
Accordingly,
no hole (one hole) leaves the $n\!=\!2$ CF, one hole and two holes
leave the $n\!=\!3$ and $n\!=\!4$ CF, respectively. Generalizing this
finding into a simple rule of thumb, one may estimate $m$ to be, for an
arbitrarily long chain,
~$m={\rm nint}(n(m/n)_{\rm opt})$, where nint denotes the nearest integer.
$(m/n)_{\rm opt}$ is that optimal ratio, which is realized in {\it
long} CFs.
\subsection*{The Emery model}
As the starting point for a microscopic description of the Cu-O chains
we use the one--dimensional Emery model \cite{emer}, applied to
systems of finite length.
The Hamiltonian is
\begin{eqnarray}
H=-t\sum_{<r,\rho>}\sum_{\sigma}\left(p^{\dagger}_{r\sigma}d_{\rho\sigma}+
d^{\dagger}_{\rho\sigma}p_{r\sigma}\right)+\sum_r\left(\epsilon_pn_r+
U_pn_{r\uparrow}n_{r\downarrow}\right)+\nonumber\\
+\sum_{\rho}\left(\epsilon_dn_{\rho}+U_dn_{\rho\uparrow}n_{\rho\downarrow}
\right)+U_{\rm end}\!\sum_{\widetilde\rho}n_{\widetilde\rho}
\label{1}
\end{eqnarray}
where the sum runs over the O sites ($r$) and the Cu sites ($\rho$) of a
{\it finite} chain, $<\!r,\rho\!>$ denotes neighboring lattice sites, and
$\widetilde\rho$ refers to the Cu$^{(3)}$ sites at the chain ends.
$d_{\sigma}$ and $p_{\sigma}$ ($d^{\dagger}_{\sigma}$ and
$p^{\dagger}_{\sigma}$) are annihilation (creation) operators of a hole with
spin $\sigma$ on Cu and O sites, respectively. $n_{\sigma}$ is the hole
(spin $\sigma$) occupation number and $n\!=\!\sum_{\sigma}n_{\sigma}$.
This model ignores the contribution
of the apical oxygen ions to the energy, which, indeed, play a minor
role, because they are essentially divalent (cf discussion in \cite{garc}).

Because of the quantum origin of alternating Cu-O chains, the hole
occupation number on Cu sites is not rigorously equal to 1, as tacitly
assumed when the charge transfer mechanism was discussed.
This occupation number fluctuates, remaining slightly below 1 ($\approx 0.85$,
as numerically estimated in \cite{gaw_1}). Now, a good quantum number
is the number of holes (both, oxygen and copper), say $\nu(n)$ in a CF
of length $n$. Nevertheless, $m$ remains a quantum number,
characterizing the hole transfer from a chain. The relation between
$m(n)$ and $\nu(n)$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{n_m}
\nu(n)=2n-(m(n)-1).
\end{eqnarray}
There are strongly
correlated models, e.g., the Kondo-reduced Emery model (see  \cite{rm,haug}),
which allow to treat Cu ions of CFs as divalent,
and oxygen ions as monovalent ($n-m$) or divalent ($m$).

Note that we include in model (\ref{1}) the shift
of the on-site hole energy level, $U_{\rm end}$, which is due to
non-equivalency of Cu$^{(3)}$ and Cu$^{(4)}$ ions. There may be alternate
ways to take into account
the $U_{\rm end}$-term; for instance Aligia uses
a model \cite{alig_ssc,alig} which includes the
interaction of charges of neighboring atoms, $\rho$(Cu) and $r$(O),
\begin{eqnarray}
U_{\rm pd}\sum_{<r,\rho>}(1+n_{\rho})(-2+n_r)
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Our description could be interpreted as a simplified version of the
$U_{\rm pd}\,$-term, $U_{\rm end}\approx U_{\rm pd}(2-\overline{n_r})$,
where $\overline{n_r}$ denotes the thermal expectation value for the
occupancy of an oxygen site.

In the case of RE=Nd or La, the ionic radii of the rare-earth ions
are larger than in the other REBCO compounds. Consequently,
the interatomic distance is also larger, but the hole hopping
amplitude is smaller -- in the chains, and in the planes. We shall
discuss below why this circumstance may favor short
chain fragments, depending on
the oxygen hole chemical potential, $\mu$,
which varies in the REBCO series.
\subsection*{Free energy}
We consider the Cu$^{2+}_{n+1}$O$^{2-}_m$O$^-_{n-m}$ chain fragment,
described by the Emery model (\ref{1}). We may determine, say, numerically,
its free energy (here and
in the following, the free energies are taken per oxygen atom),
$f(n;m)$. Indeed,
performing statistical averaging with respect to the internal, fermionic,
degrees of freedom ($m$ and possible spin arrangements), and disregarding
the configurational entropy, the free energy for long chains ($n\gg 1$) has
been recently shown to have the form \cite {uim_pr}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{0-3}
\phi(n)\approx\phi_1-
\frac {\phi_2}n -\frac T{2n}\ln n \,.
\end{eqnarray}
where $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ are coefficients which are given by
the energy parameters of the Emery model; $\phi_2$ is, approximately,
linear in $T$.

In specifying the parameters
of the Emery model, we largely follow  Refs.\cite{gaw_1,gaw_2}.
$\epsilon_d$ is taken as the reference level.
Measuring the other energy parameters in  units of $t$, we set $\epsilon_p=2$,
$U_p=4$ and $U_d=8$, similar to the values in the CuO$_2$
planes of YBCO. The REBCO compounds are expected to differ mainly in the
value of the hopping amplitude $t$ (being approximately
$t=1.35$ eV $\approx 15000$ K for YBCO).
As noted before \cite{gaw_1,gaw_2}, the remaining two parameters,
the chemical potential $\mu$ and $U_{\rm end}$, play an essential role
in favoring long or short chains. $\mu$ equilibrates the hole exchange
between the two oxygen hole reservoirs, CuO$_2$ planes and CFs.
$U_{\rm end}$ stems from the non-equivalency of the Cu$^{(3)}$ and Cu$^{(4)}$
sites ($\epsilon_d+U_{\rm end}$ denotes the hole level on a Cu$^{(3)}$-site).
Although $U_{\rm end}$ is positive, as seen from its relation to
$U_{\rm pd}$, its exact value is not known,
neither from experiments nor from band-structure calculations.

In YBCO the oxygen atoms of the oxygen deficient planes tend to
arrange themselves into long chains at low enough quenching temperatures;
probably even at quite low oxygen content. In contrast, in
LaBCO long chains are predominant only at $x\sim 1$ \cite{luetg2}.
In the REBCO compounds, the various tendencies in the chain lenghts
are expected to be caused by the various ionic radii of
their rare-earth constituents (see Table \ref{IONICRADII}).
In the model description (\ref{1}) of those compounds, the crucial
parameters are the hopping amplitude $t$ which depends on the RE ionic
radius, and the chemical potential which regulates
the degree of filling of the 1D O-hole band.

To see whether short or long Cu-O chains are favored, we
compute the free energy per oxygen atom as a function of the
chain length.
If it increases with length, then short chains are more likely,
otherwise longer chains are preferred.

For a given set of parameters one may calculate the free energy in
the grand canonical
ensemble, thus incorporating the chemical potential $\mu$, which
governs the concentration of holes in a chain. Following this scheme
one needs, in principle, the whole set of energy levels of the
Emery model. However, since the temperatures we are dealing with are
much lower than
the typical electronic energies, which are of order several
thousand K, it is sufficient
to include the lowest energy levels in the free energy
calculations. These levels may be determined by using
the Lanczos algorithm \cite{lan}, as we did in evaluating the free energy
of chains with up to $n=6$ oxygen atoms (plus 7 copper atoms).
The detailed procedure for calculating
the free energies is described in Appendix A.
\section{The extended ASYNNNI model}
\subsection*{Estimate of effective parameters}
The free energy of the chains described by the Emery model,
expression (\ref{0-3}), corresponds in the standard ASYNNNI model to the
energy of a Cu-O chain with $n$ oxygen atoms, neglecting
interchain interactions, i.e.
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{0-4}
\widetilde\phi(n)=V_2-\frac {V_2}n \,.
\end{eqnarray}
A clear difference of $\phi(n)$ and $\widetilde\phi(n)$ is that
$\widetilde\phi(n)$ decreases monotonically with $n$ at $V_2<0$,
whereas, if the analogous condition $\phi_2<0$ is satisfied,
$\phi(n)$ exhibits a minimum at finite, but exponentially large value
$n_{\rm opt}\propto\exp 2\phi_2/T_q$. It is estimated
as exceeding a hundred
at temperatures below 300$^\circ$ C. Hence, the logarithmic
correction in the r.h.s. of Eq.(\ref{0-3}) may start playing an important
role only at $x\sim 1$.

$\phi_2$ in Eq.(\ref{0-3}) depends on temperature, while $V_2$ does
not (in both cases, we did not consider the configurational entropy).
Accordingly, accepting the Emery model as
the more fundamental description for the chain fragments, the
ASYNNNI model may be modified by introducing an effective,
{\it temperature--dependent} coupling $V_2$,
corresponding to $\phi_2$ in the Emery
model. The difference in the coefficients $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ may not break
the analogy with the ASYNNNI model. In relevant experiments, the CF ensemble
is measured at a fixed oxygen content, thus $\phi_1$ contributes
equally to any realization of CFs and may be rescaled,
say, to the value of $\phi_2$.

Note that Eq.(\ref{0-3}) holds only for sufficiently
long chains. Indeed, for short chain fragments,
$\phi(n)$ may show oscillations \cite{gaw_2}. To include these subtle
features in a statistical description (for example, in a
Monte Carlo simulation),
one may deal with the free energies of the short chains
separately. The largest deviation from the expressions (3) and (4)
occurs at $n=1$. Thence, to incorporate those oscillations
in the simplest fashion,
we consider an {\it extended} ASYNNNI model, attributing to the
chains with $n=1$, Cu-O-Cu, an additional
energy $\widetilde{V}_2$. For larger values of $n$, we keep the parameters of
the standard ASYNNNI model. Accordingly, the free energy
may be cast in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fn}
\widetilde\phi(n)=V_2-\frac {V_2}n, \quad n\!>\!1; \qquad
\widetilde\phi(1)=\widetilde{V}_2 \,.
\end{eqnarray}

To substantiate Eqs.(\ref{0-3}) and (\ref{fn}), we shall
now present results of calculations of the free energy for the
Emery model of Cu-O chain fragments.

Let us first roughly estimate a realistic value of $U_{\rm end}$.
In Figure \ref{Uend}, the free energy of the Emery model is shown,
using units appropriate for YBCO (we have chosen
the chemical potential $\mu$ at each $U_{\rm end}$ to assure that
the concentration of oxygen holes in the {\it longest} chains we
studied is
$\approx$ 0.3).
Specifically, the energy parameters are taken in units of
$t = 1.35$ eV $\approx 15000$ K, so that the temperature range of
experimental interest ($T_q$ between 300 K and 1200 K) is between 0.02
and 0.08. Comparing the free energies for long chains
to expression Eq. (\ref{0-4}) (disregarding, at this stage, $\widetilde V_2$)
one finds that $U_{\rm end}=1$ corresponds to a moderately attractive
$V_2$, of several hundreds of Kelvin in agreement with the experimentally
observed disordering of the Ortho-II phase at about 450 K. Otherwise,
for example, for $U_{\rm end}=0$ the free energy grows too rapidly with
the chain length, corresponding to an effective repulsion $V_2$ of the order
of a few thousands of Kelvin (see also \cite{alig}). Increasing $U_{\rm end}$
leads first to a weaker repulsion,
and finally an attractive $V_2$.
For instance, $U_{\rm end}=1.5$ would imply a value for $V_2$ of the order of
several thousand K, being a strong effective attraction. Thereby,
by tuning $U_{\rm end}$, one may stabilize either short chain fragments
(some realizations at $x\leq 1/2$ are shown in Figure \ref{figure4})
or very long Cu-O chains.

While $U_{\rm end}$ is expected to be essentially a constant for
all REBCO compounds,
the chemical potential $\mu$ may vary, e.g., with the
oxygen content $x$ or the RE element.
In Figure \ref{mu} the free energy per oxygen is shown for several values
of the chemical potential at the particular choice $U_{\rm end}=1$.
With $\mu$ increasing, the effective intra-chain interaction $V_2$
between the oxygen atoms in the Cu-O chains
changes from attraction to repulsion. This is happening in a fairly broad
range, $\mu$=1.5 - 2.0, where
$V_2$ goes from a moderately attractive value ($\sim -0.15$) to
a moderately repulsive one ($\sim 0.1$). Changing the RE element in the
REBCO compounds implies changing $\mu$ and hence the intra-chain interaction.
As will be discussed later, $V_2$ varies slowly, remaining $\sim -0.1$
in the range of relevant values of $\mu$. In fact,
$\widetilde V_2$ introduces an important competing effect.

In Figure \ref{FreeFit} we depict the free energy per oxygen atom versus $n$
for $U_{\rm end}= 1$ at different temperatures, choosing the
chemical potential so that the concentration of oxygen holes is, for long
chains, approximately 0.3, as it is the case for YBCO.
$\mu \approx 1.6$ is well compatible with that concentration.
One may easily see that the lower the (quenching) temperature $T$
the larger the effective intra-chain oxygen-oxygen attraction will be.
In addition, at low $T$, the free energy shows an oscillatory
behavior for small values of $n$ (see, for example, Figure \ref{FreeFit}
at $T= 0.02$). Such oscillations are maximal at $T=0$
(see also Figure 1 in \cite{gaw_2}).
It is obvious from Figure \ref{FreeFit} that the fitting of the free
energy to that of the standard ASYNNNI model, Eq.(\ref{0-4}), is
unsatisfactory even in the high temperature region.
The $n=1$ case has to be fitted separately, defining $\widetilde V_2$ in
the extended ASYNNNI model, Eq.(\ref{fn}).
It should be emphasized, that
the effective parameters of the hereby defined {\it extended} ASYNNNI
model, $V_2$ and $\widetilde{V}_2$, depend not only on the temperature,
but also on $U_{\rm end}$. In addition, they depend on a specific
filling of the 1D oxygen hole band, i.e. $\mu$.

The other two couplings of the full ASYNNNI model, $V_1$
and $V_3$, are
of predominantly electrostatic origin, and may be supposed to be
constant. Of course, their values do not follow
from the Emery model. (At this
point, attention may be drawn to another attempt
to determine
parameters of the (standard) ASYNNNI model from first-principles,
based, in that case, on linear muffin-tin-orbital calcualtions for
YBCO \cite{STERNE89}. In that analysis, only ground state properties
have been considered, leading to constant couplings $V_1$, $V_2$, and
$V_3$.)

In Figure \ref{FreeFit}, also least-square fits of the free energy for
the Emery model to the ansatz, Eq. (5),
defining the extended ASYNNNI model are
shown, at several temperatures. From such fits one may
determine $V_2$ and $\widetilde{V}_2$
as function of temperature. Examples are shown in Figures \ref{FreeFitV2}
and \ref{FreeFitV2tilde} for a few values of $U_{\rm end}$ around
$U_{\rm end}=1$, presuming a fixed hole concentration of 0.3 in the longest
chains.
It is evident from Figure \ref{FreeFitV2} that $V_2$ displays a pronounced
linear dependence on $T$ (cf, Eq.(\ref{0-3}), where $\phi_2$ is also linear in
$T$), and  $V_2$ is practically linear in $U_{\rm end}$ at a given temperature.

To fix $U_{\rm end}$, one may compare results on the extended ASYNNNI model
to experiments. A possible procedure will be demonstrated now for YBCO.
There we estimate $U_{\rm end}$ by locating the disordering
transition of the Ortho-II phase
of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{\rm 6+x}$ with
$x = 0.5$,  known to occur experimentally at
about 450 K \cite{gant,veal_3,OIITc,schw}. That
transition temperature is found to depend rather sensitively on the
choice of $U_{\rm end}$, and hence $V_2$ and $\widetilde{V}_2$ in the
framework of the extended ASYNNNI model. The
lattice gas model is analysed by
using standard Monte Carlo (MC) techniques.

To simulate the extended ASYNNNI model, one first has to specify the
couplings $V_1$ and $V_3$. Different values
have been proposed and studied for the conventional ASYNNNI model
\cite{font_1,selk,OLDSET2}. Here we adopt values which have been
argued to reproduce the experimental structural phase diagram of
YBCO fairly well \cite{fiig1,fiig2}, namely, in terms of $V_2$,
\begin{eqnarray}
V_1 = -2.86\cdot V_2 \label{Newset1}\\
V_3 = -0.46\cdot V_2 \label{Newset2}
\end{eqnarray}
As discussed above, $V_2$ is expected to depend on temperature
much more strongly than $V_1$ and $V_3$. Thence, in fixing
$V_1$ and $V_3$, we choose the value of $V_2$ at the Ortho-II disordering
temperature, $T_{\rm II}\approx 0.03$ (note that we checked, by
simulations, that choosing the room temperature $T_R$, instead of $T_{\rm II}$,
leads to rather minor changes of $V_1$ and $V_3$, of a few percent,
and affects the estimate for $U_{\rm end}$ only mildly).

Simulations at $T_{\rm II}$ for different values of
$U_{\rm end}$ (and tuning $\mu$ to reproduce the hole concentration
for the longest chains), which determine
$V_2(T_{\rm II};U_{\rm end})$ and
$\widetilde{V}_2(T_{\rm II};U_{\rm end})$
have been performed. The order
parameter $m_{\rm \footnotesize II}$ \cite{selk,fiig2} of the Ortho-II phase
is found to drop
abruptly at $U_{\rm end}=1.02$,
see Figure \ref{3DOII}. From Figures \ref{FreeFitV2} and \ref{FreeFitV2tilde},
one obtains $V_2(T_{\rm II})\approx -0.12$ and $\widetilde{V}_2(T_{\rm II})
\approx -0.09$. Summarizing, we have finally estimated, for
YBCO, $U_{\rm end} = 1.02$ and $\mu =1.59$
from the experimental values of $T_{\rm II}$ and
the hole concentration for long chains.

In substituting yttrium by another RE element, the chemical potential
will be changed. This, in turn, will lead to different values of the
effective
parameters in the ASYNNNI model. Results of pertinent calculations
are depicted in Figure \ref{MUVARIV2}, taking $U_{\rm end} = 1.02$.
By changing $\mu$ in between 1.55 and 1.70, one induces only
mild changes in $V_2$, in between -0.15 and -0.1. More importantly,
we observe in that range a crossover in the tendency to form short or
long Cu-O chains. Obviously, that tendency follows from the
fact whether $\widetilde{V}_2$ is smaller than $V_2$, or vice versa.
At $\mu =1.59$ (characteristic for YBCO), the long chains are favored;
at $\mu$ $\approx 1.65$, a compensation holds. At larger values of the
chemical potential, short chains will be preferred.

Accordingly, for each REBCO compound, one may predict the preference
for short or long chains from the value
of $\mu$. Although the chemical potential is not
precisely known for the various RE cases, one may safely assume that
it increases with the ionic radius. As shown in
table \ref{IONICRADII}, these radii vary appreciably. For instance, they
are larger for Nd and La than for Y.

A microscopic description for estimating $\mu$ should invoke the
structure of the oxygen hole bands of the chain fragments (1D) as well
as of the Cu(2) planes (2D). It has been assumed in \cite{gaw_2}
that the 1D oxygen hole band is
lower than the 2D band, with an overlap,
as shown schematically
in Figure \ref{figure_12}, where $\mu$ is above the bottom of the 2D
hole band.
Despite a potentially significant charge transfer from
chains (i.e. $\overline{m(n)}-1$ from each CF of length $n$),
such a band structure is no contradiction. In fact, at small
oxygen content $x$, shorter
CFs are preferred, the charge transfer gets effectively surpressed.
The holes transferred from chains become partly localized on the
impurity levels and partly
2D carriers, with a rather low, semiconducting, concentration.
In the metallic state the chemical potential intersects the
2D band; a sufficiently large hole transfer from chains to planes causes
an electrostatic shift of the levels, and the 1D band raises with
respect to the 2D band. Based on such a description,
the transformation from the semiconducting to the metallic state, by
changing the oxygen content $x$, can be qualitatively described
\cite{gaw_2,comment}.

In principle, one could estimate the variation of $\mu$ with $x$ from
a self-consistent scheme which would be very tedious, based upon
experimental data which have not been established reliably, so far. In
the following analysis, we shall, however, assume that the
chemical potential is independent of $x$. This will be sufficient
to reproduce the main trends resulting from the change in
$\mu$ in the REBCO series.
To describe the corresponding thermal properties
of the chain fragments, we shall investigate the extended ASYNNNI
model, with the parameters $\widetilde{V}_2$ and $V_2$ changing with
the chemical potential. For $V_1$ and $V_3$, we shall always take
the values for YBCO, see above. Because they are associated with
Coulomb forces on small distances, they are expected to vary only
slightly, by a few percents, when substituting Y by, say, Nd or La.
As we checked in simulations, such a variation will not affect the
conclusions. The results of the Monte Carlo study will be compared
to experimental findings for LaBCO and NdBCO \cite{luetg1,luetg2}.
\subsection*{Monte Carlo simulations, Comparison with experiments,
Discussions}

The simulations of the extended ASYNNNI model describing REBCO
compounds have been performed for systems with L $\times$ L Cu sites,
imposing full periodic boundary conditions. Usually,
L was taken to be 40; to estimate the role of finite size effects,
a few runs were done with larger lattices. We employed
Kawasaki dynamics, keeping the oxygen content $x$
constant during a simulation, and choosing the initial and final site
of an oxygen atom randomly. The new site, if empty, is accepted with a
probability given by the Boltzmann factor of the change in energy
of that possible move.
An updating scheme which restricts the hopping of the oxygen atoms to
neighboring lattice sites would be more realistic in mimicing dynamical
processes, but slower. Because we are here only interested in
equilibrium properties, we employed the faster algorithm.

By varying the oxygen content $x$ and the temperature $T$, the
structural phase diagram may be determined.
Figure \ref{PHASEDIAGRAM} depicts the phase diagram for the case
of YBCO, using the values of the effective parameters discussed above.
The phase boundaries have been estimated from
the behavior of the order parameters of the various phases and
the positions of the maxima in the specific heat, as before \cite{selk}.
The topology of the phase diagram is similar to that obtained for
the standard ASYNNNI model in prior computations, e.g. \cite{selk,fiig1},
including the Ortho-I, Ortho-II, and
tetragonal phases. Perhaps most notably, the maximal phase transition
temperature of the Ortho-II phase is, however, somewhat reduced, in
accordance with the experimental findings.

By analysing Monte Carlo equilibrium configurations one may
easily identify the Cu-O chain fragments and hence
determine, for instance, the thermally averaged concentration of
differently coordinated Cu ions.
In Figure \ref{CU2} the concentration of Cu$^{(2)}$ ions, $c_2$, is shown as a
function of the oxygen content
for various temperatures, in the YBCO case. While at high temperatures
$c_2$ decreases monotonically with increasing oxygen content, one
finds a non-monotonic or plateau-like behavior when lowering the temperature,
so that one may encounter the Ortho-II phase. Obviously, in the perfect
Ortho-II structure, at $x=0.5$ and sufficiently low temperatures,
half of the Cu atoms belong to the perfect Cu-O chains extending
throughout the lattice and half of them are in oxygen-free rows, see
Figure \ref{figure1}(c). Accordingly, the concentration
of Cu$^{(2)}$ ions in such an ideal configuration is $0.5$.
Experimental results of XAS measurements at low and high
temperatures
\cite{tolen} are included in Figure \ref{CU2}. Agreement
between experimental data and theoretical curves is quite satisfactory,
except for
the point at $x\approx 0.39$, low $T_q$, which may, indeed, have been
determined inaccurately in the experiment. The behavior of $c_2$ versus $x$
at $T= 450$ K also agrees rather well with the experimental results
using NMR-NQR \cite{luetg1,luetg2}. The concentrations of
Cu$^{(2)}$, Cu$^{(3)}$ and Cu$^{(4)}$ ($c_2$, $c_3$, and $c_4$) obtained
from the
MC simulations at $T = 450$ K in the case of YBCO are
shown in Figure \ref{CUfoldY}, together with experimental data
(their accuracy has not been mentioned) \cite{luetg2}.
A few experimental points deviate clearly
from the theoretical curves.
Note, that the experimental data of \cite{luetg2} plotted in Figure
\ref{CUfoldY} obey well the sum rule
\begin{equation}
\label{rule1}
c_2+c_3+c_4=1
\end{equation}
This identity assumes that all Cu ions in the Cu(1)
planes can be identified as Cu$^{(2)}$, Cu$^{(3)}$
or Cu$^{(4)}$. With that assumption, a second sum rule is evident
\begin{equation}
\label{rule2}
c_3+2c_4=2x.
\end{equation}
These two sum rules allow to express two of the concentrations, say,
$c_3$ and $c_4$, by the remaining one, $c_2$, and the oxygen content $x$;
for instance,
\begin{eqnarray}
c_3=2-2x-2c_2, \quad c_4=2x-1+c_2.
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The concentrations are allowed to vary in the range defined by the following
inequalities,
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ineq}
\begin{array}{r}
0\leq x\leq 1/2 \longrightarrow 1-2x\leq c_2\leq 1-x, \quad 0\leq c_3 \leq 2x,
\quad 0\leq c_4 \leq x;\\
1/2\leq x\leq 1 \longrightarrow 0\leq c_2\leq 1-x, \quad 0\leq c_3 \leq 2-2x,
\quad 2x-1\leq c_4 \leq x.
\end{array}
\end{eqnarray}
A few points of the experimental set disagree significantly with
(\ref{rule2}), several points are beyond the limits defined by (\ref{ineq}).
Note that there is an uncertainty, reaching up to 0.1 according to
\cite{luetg2}, in determining the
oxygen content in the range $0.3<\!x<\!0.4$ (probably, in
the region of phase separation).

As mentioned above two concentrations can be determined by the
remaining third concentration.
Taking the latter one as $c_2$ for $x<\!0.5$, $c_3$ for $0.5\leq x<\!0.7$,
$c_4$ for $0.7<\! x\leq 0.8$, and again $c_2$ for $0.8<\!x$ ($c_4$
would be beyond
the limit of the inequality), we can fit nicely the revised set of
experimental points to theoretical curves in Figure \ref{CUfoldY}.

Similar measurements on the concentrations of differently coordinated
Cu ions have been reported for
NdBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+{\rm x}}$ (NdBCO)
and LaBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+{\rm x}}$ (LaBCO) \cite{luetg2}. As argued above,
we propose that the effect of the increase of the ionic radius
in Nd and La compounds can be incorporated into the microscopic model by
an increase in the chemical potential, leading to modified effective
parameters in the extended ASYNNNI model. Although $\mu$
is expected to depend on the oxygen content $x$ for each
REBCO compound, we consider a constant $\mu$ for a given RE, for reasons
stated before. This simplification seems to be justified in order to
detect the main trends.
Indeed, when increasing $\mu$ from 1.59, for YBCO, to
1.62 and 1.66, for NdBCO and LaBCO, respectively, the simulated data on
$c_2$, $c_3$, and $c_4$ agree rather well with the experimental results,
see figures \ref{CuFoldNd} and \ref{CuFoldLa}. For NdBCO we can use $c_3$
for determining the other concentrations in the range $0.5<\!x<\!0.7$,
as in the YBCO-case. For LaBCO, $c_3$ and $c_4$ have not been accessible
for direct measurements in the range $0.5<x$; in
this case $c_2$ plays the determining role.

There may be also five- and sixfold coordinated Cu
ions in Cu(1) planes, due to a crossing of perpendicular chain
fragments. For example, Cu$^{(5)}$ would appear, if an oxygen atom
formed a 90$^{\circ}$ configuration with two other oxygen atoms (all three
are supposed to be adjacent to the same Cu atom). The energy loss
due to a  Cu$^{(5)}$ (Cu$^{(6)}$) ion would be $2V_1$
($4V_1$). From the simulations, the concentration of such ions
is seen to be very small for all oxygen contents $x$. A kink in
a CF would be energetically somewhat more favorable, albeit being
still rather costly, $V_1$. At the kink, a fourfold coordinated Cu
ion occurs, although it differs from the conventional Cu$^{(4)}$ ion.
Such a kink configuration cannot easily be described
by the Emery model.

Another important quantity related to the chain
fragments of the oxygen deficient Cu(1) planes, is the charge (hole) transfer,
$n_h$, to the CuO$_2$ planes.
It depends on the chemical potential as well as on other external parameters
such as $x$ and $T_q$.
$\overline{\nu_h(n)}$, the expectation number of holes (thermal averaging)
leaving a CF of length $n$,
should be $\overline{m(n)}-1$ (see Figure \ref{ch_tr}, showing
a rather non-trivial dependence on $n$);
it is associated with the expectation number of
oxygen and copper holes $\overline{\nu(n)}$ through (\ref{n_m}).
For long CFs in YBCO, one has $\overline{m(n)}/n\approx 0.7$; but for
short chain fragments, it may differ significantly.
The average concentration of oxygen holes
transferred from the chains, the charge transfer $n_h$, may be
approximated as, see \cite{selk},
\begin{eqnarray}\label{nh}
n_h(\mu;x;T_q)=\frac 1{L^2}\sum_{n=1}^L\frac{\overline{m(n)}-1}{2}
<\!N_{\small \rm CF}(n)\!>,
\end{eqnarray}
where $<\!N_{\small \rm CF}(n)\!>$ is the average number of CFs of
length $n$. The factor of 1/2 appears, because
holes from one Cu(1) plane are supplied to two Cu(2) planes.

Note that one can calculate the number of holes $\nu(n)$
in the framework of
the Emery model, at least for fairly short chains, see Appendix A,
which may then be extrapolated to longer chains.

Figure \ref{CHARGETRANSFER} shows the charge transfer
versus oxygen content for a set of equidistant temperatures,
obtained from simulating the extended ASYNNNI model for the YBCO
case. One observes that below $x\approx 0.25$
the charge transfer to CuO$_2$ planes is extremely small. In this regime,
in the tetragonal phase,
short chain fragments dominate, contributing much less to the
charge transfer than the long chains. The preference for short chains
could be reduced by going to very low (quenching) temperatures which,
however, are usually not accessible experimentally (recall
that $T_q$ is bounded
by $T_R$ from below).
The tetragonal phase is still semiconducting, and the holes
are mainly localized in CuO$_2$ planes in the vicinity of the CF from
which they originated. The formation of longer CFs leads to a
significant increase of the
hole transfer, giving rise to the
semiconducting-to-metal transformation.

The charge transfer displays a plateau-like behavior
near $x = 0.5$, reflecting the well-known 60 K plateau in the
transition temperature to the superconducting phase in YBCO
at that oxygen content. This aspect has been discussed in quite
a few publications before.
In many experiments the close relationship between the superconducting
transition temperature $T_c$ and $n_h$ has been found
\cite{TORR89,SHAFER89}.
For instance, $T_c$ was argued to be linear \cite{BHB92,Rotter91}
or quadratic in $n_h$ \cite{Whangbo91,VEAL91}.
In both cases, the plateau in $T_c$ would correspond to one in $n_h$.
A second,
so-called 90 K plateau in $T_c$ versus $x$ occurs at $x > 0.8$, where
$n_h$ increases monotonically, while $T_c$ remains almost
constant. Overdoping is believed to be responsible for
that plateau \cite{lant_1,Whangbo91}: $T_c$ practically saturates when
$n_h$ becomes larger than the optimal hole concentration ($\approx 0.2-0.25$).

In Figure \ref{CHARGETRANSFERall} the charge tranfer $n_h$ versus oxygen
content $x$ is depicted at $T\!=\!450$ K for three values of the chemical
potential, mimicing, as before, YBCO, NdBCO, and LaBCO, i.e. $\mu$
= 1.59, 1.62 and 1.66. One readily sees, in accordance with
the experiments, that
the low-temperature plateau in $T_c$ versus $x$ is expected to be
much less pronounced in NdBCO \cite{veal_4,BHHKW90} and absent in LaBCO
\cite{lindemer}.
In that figure, we also included Monte Carlo data for $\mu = 1.56$, mimicing
a REBCO compound where the rare earth ions would be even smaller
than yttrium, like YbBCO (see table \ref{IONICRADII}). Indeed, it was
shown experimentally \cite{BHHKW90}
that the 60 K plateau in YbBCO is even more
manifest than in YBCO, in accordance with the MC data.

MC simulations allow to compute easily the average length of
Cu-O chain fragments, $\ell$.  Results are displayed in Figure
\ref{CHAINLENGTH}. $\ell$
is given by the ratio (total length of CFs)/(total number of CFs).
The numerator is identical with the number of oxygen ions, while the
denominator is, neglecting kinks and crossings of CFs,
one half of the Cu$^{(3)}$ atoms. Thence, one would obtain
$\ell=2x/c_3$.
That formula has been used in \cite{luetg2}, to express
the experimental findings for $c_3$ for YBCO, NdBCO, and LaBCO in terms of
$\ell$. However, care is needed in doing that. In
Figure \ref{CHAINLENGTH}, we compare Monte Carlo results for $\ell$ invoking
the approximate formula to those using the correct expression for the
average chain lenght. Indeed, the overall agreement is fair, but
there are obvious differences near $x\sim 1$.
\section{Summary}
The present paper has been motivated, {\it first}, by recent experimental
data on Cu-O chain fragments
\cite{luetg2}, and, {\it second}, by the wish of elaborating and
concretizing the idea to relate a microscopic description of those
fragments to a statistical analysis, i.e. to relate the quantum mechanics of
individual chains to the statistical mechanics of their ensembles
\cite{gaw_2}. Our main considerations and findings may be summarized
as follows.
\begin{itemize}
\item
We consider the Emery model, which belongs to the family of strongly
correlated fermionic (hole) models, incorporating into it the effect of chain
ends ($U_{\rm end}$-term). We assume that the lowest, Cu-like, band is
completely filled, whereas the intermediate, O-like, band is partly occupied.
The occupancy of the latter band is regulated by the chemical
potential $\mu$, which determines the equilibrium of the
oxygen hole reservoirs in the CuO$_2$ planes and CFs.
\item
In accordance with experimental results, the
chemical potential level is assumed to be located in the 1D oxygen hole
band of the Cu-O chain fragments. The oxygen hole concentration
in long CFs is determined by the chemical potential $\mu$.
\item
The oxygen hole number in a CF follows from the number of
holes leaving the chain. There is essentially no charge transfer from short CFs
of lengths $n=1$ and 2. This explains the predominance of fairly short CFs
in the semiconducting state of the REBCO compounds.
\item
The "semiconductor-metal" transformation is governed by the dependence of the
chemical potential on the oxygen content $x$.
Analysis of finite chains by means of the Emery model shows that CFs
of minimal length occur less often when $\mu$ decreases.
This is expected to be accompanied by an increasing number of holes
transferred from chains to planes.
Coulomb forces lead to the lowering of $\mu$, which favors
longer CFs, giving rise to an additional charge transfer, etc.
\item
In our analysis, the REBCO compounds have been characterised by different, but
fixed values of $\mu$. However, in reality, with
$x$ increasing, $\mu$ is believed to decrease
proportionally to $n_h$, i.e.
the hole doping of the CuO$_2$ planes. Using Figure \ref{MUVARIV2},
these changes of $\mu$ could be incorporated into the calculations.
\item
An important role in the Emery model is played by $U_{\rm end}$;
the energy loss stemming from the ends of a CF determines the effective
attraction or repulsion between the oxygen atoms in CFs.
In fact, ignoring this term would result in
a very strong O-O repulsion in the chains (of the order of several
hundreds meV in the case of YBCO, where
the concentration of oxygen holes in long CFs is about 0.3).
Experimental data allow one to estimate $U_{\rm end}$ to be
$\approx 1$ in units of the hopping term $t$ of the Emery model.
\item
The free energy of the Emery model has been calculated
for individual CFs, characterized by their length
$n$, as a function of the chemical potential $\mu$,
$U_{\rm end}$, and the temperature $T$. For specific REBCO compounds,
$\mu$ and $U_{\rm end}$ can be fixed using
experimental data, e.g., for the oxygen hole concentration and the disordering
temperature of the Ortho--II phase. By comparison of the free energy,
the values of the parameters of an {\it extended} ASYNNNI
model can then be
estimated. In the framework of that model, the structural phase
diagrams of the REBCO compounds can be conveniently studied, using,
for instance, Monte Carlo simulations.
\item
The larger the ionic radius of the REBCO compound the higher the
chemical potential, and the shorter the Cu-O chain fragments.
\item
Analysing the extended ASYNNNI model for various RE constituents,
we also computed macroscopic properties
such as the concentration of differently coordinated Cu ions
and the charge transfer
from the chain fragments.
\end{itemize}

In conclusion, the theoretical approach presented in this paper
(start from microscopic calculations, identify effective
parameters of a statistical model as well as, based on
experimental results, their values, and finally perform simulations),
allows to reproduce main trends in the statistical properties
of Cu-O chain fragments
throughout the various REBCO compounds. Refinements and extensions,
based on additional experimental data, are possible.
\subsection*{Acknowledgement}
We should like to thank H. L\"utgemeier for informing us about his
experimental results. Financial support by the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research, the Research Council of Norway (Programme for Supercomputing),
and by INTAS (Project 93-211) is gratefully
acknowlegded.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Breads, mostly pastas, nothing too fancy.
I dress to cover most of my body.
A woman who doesn't live in an, "Everything is going to be alright reality."


Unilever has been named leader of the Household and Personal Products Industry Group in the 2016 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). We are one of only 24 companies to be awarded Industry Group Leader status.
Unilever has launched a new film 'So Long Old World' to show how our brands are building a brighter future.
Unilever encourages holiday-goers to freeze, gift or cook leftover food to prevent unnecessary waste.
Unilever is proud to support Save the Children and the BFG Dream Jar Trail taking place across the UK this summer.


text:
Barbara O'Brien, an Irish Catholic mother, has her life turned upside-down when her son, a freshman in college, is involved in a tragic hazing incident. Taking justice into her own hands, she travels across the country recording mothers who have lost sons to hazing in an effort to prove the university's liability. When she is confronted by corruption and cover ups, she seeks revenge on the one person she finds truly responsible, proving that hell hath no fury like a mother scorned.
Director: Vibeke Muasya
Actors: Ellie Frankel, Jake Weary, Jay Jay Warren, Jordan Lage, Justin Linville, Liam Hogan, Lily Rosenthal, Peter Munson Hogan, Robert Patrick, Sinead Hogan, Siobhan Fallon Hogan
Keywords:RUSHED
Paziraie sadeh
This twisted Iranian narrative follows a mysterious couple from Tehran as they distribute large bags of money in an impoverished mountain border town. Beginning as a black comedy, the film's…
West of Her
Dan signs on to travel with a mysterious stranger named Jane, laying cryptic tiles in the roads of cities across America. As they argue over what the tiles mean, they…
An investigation into the failed mental health policies within the US military and the deadly consequences to the troops.
Genre: Documentary, Drama
Bacurau, a small town in the Brazilian sertão, mourns the loss of its matriarch, Carmelita, who lived to be 94. Days later, its inhabitants notice that their community has vanished…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction, Thriller, Western
When a border guard with a sixth sense for identifying smugglers encounters the first person she cannot prove is guilty, she is forced to confront terrifying revelations about herself and…
Genre: Drama, Fantasy, Romance, Science Fiction, Thriller
A weekend getaway for four couples takes a sharp turn when one of the couples discovers the entire trip was orchestrated to host an intervention on their marriage.
Trailer: RUSHED


60 seconds with… is the opportunity to discover the bright alumni who make #OurTSiBA valuable! Find out about Lundi Mkosi!
When did you study at TSiBA?
I started at TSIBA in 2013 with HCBA and started the degree the following year in 2014.
What is your favourite TSiBA memory?
Constantly going for Hero Speaker session where we would get motivation for profession life and general life issues. The lecturers are constantly on my mind and the enthusiasm they brought into a lecture room. Among other things the opportunities that came from TSIBA such as the international internship program is something I will never forget.
I am currently working at Distell in a Marketing International role.
Seeing people with genuine smiles and reaching their personal goals. Positively contributing to the success of others is something I truly enjoy.
Whenever I have time I always go hiking or hang out with friends over a 'chisa nyama" (Braai) and just unwind.
What does Pay it Forward mean to you?
I think the concept of "Pay it Forward" is simply defined as acting with kindness to others and as a beneficiary of the concept, to me it means assisting others with pure heart and with intention that they will continue uplifting others.


Celebrate Easter at Rixos The Palm Dubai with an array of activities that cater to the needs of the whole family. Feel the warmth of this Easter and share unforgettable moments with tailor-made packages for you and your loved ones to choose from.
Spend a minimum of 3 nights in your home away from home at Rixos The Palm Dubai this Easter holiday inclusive of all the activities that will ensure you to have an authentic experience.
• Rate is subject to 10% Service Charge, 10% tax and AED 20 Tourism Dirham per bedroom, per night.