György Debrődy - The Survivor.
The photo above was taken on the eastern Front in early March, 1944, about the 5/2. Squadron's pilots The pilots from left: Senior Aircraftsman Sándor Tanács (3 kills), Captain József Kovács (back), the Squadron commander (4 kills), 2ndLt Kálmán Szeverényi (7 kills), 2ndLt György Debrődy (26 kills), Sergeant János Mátyás (5 kills). This snap was made by a Hungarian officer, Emil Terray. When I met with this kind old man, I got this photo from him, and now this photo is in my collection.
He was born on 1st January, 1921 in Lajoskomárom. Since his young age he was a keen boyscout and he was very interested in flying. After his high school graduation in 1939 he continued his studies at the Hungarian Military Flying Academy in Kassa, and graduated as a 2nd Lt on 18th June, 1942. After his graduation Debrődy was relocated to the 5/I Fighter Groups 5/2. Fighter Squadron and in December he went to the Eastern Front. At first he flew fighter-bomber missions, and didn't meet Soviet planes, but this situation changed the next summer: during the battle of Kursk he claimed 6 victories and became ace.
Dobrody. On 25th September,1943 he had a dangerous affair. In that morning he was downed by a Soviet Yak-9 15 km behind the enemy lines. Debrődy had to make an emergency landing near a Soviet AA battery. After an adventurous escape, the next day he dissolved the River Dniepr and achieved the German lines.
On 1st February, 1944 his swarm had a fierce dogfight against 5 GvIAPs La-5s, led by Witalii Popkov over the Korssun kettle. One La-5 hit his plane, and the Messers engine failed. Debrődy had to make his second belly-landing behind the enemy lines! His best friend, 2nd Lt. Miklós Kenyeres with 19 air victories, downed Debrődys attacker, and landed near the dead Messer on the snowy and icy unknown field. Some Soviet soldiers were running towards the Messers, but Kenyeres managed to take off with some PPS machine-pistol hits in his plane. Unfortunately, two days later the Soviet AA fire downed Kenyeres plane behind the enemy lines and this brave pilot had to bail out over a forest. Debrődy was desperately circling around his parachute, but he was not able to help his friend, Kenyeres taken POW.
From the 3th of April, 1944 the American 15th USAAF attacked Hungary, and the Hungarian military high command ordered home some veteran fighter pilots, including György Debrődy and László Molnár. At tis time Debrődy had 173 combat missions and claimed 18 confirmed air victories on the Eastern Front. 2nd Lt György Debrődy was relocated to the Hungarian 101/3. Puma Squadron, based in Veszprém.
His first fight against the Americans was on 14th June 1944. On that day the Hungarian 101th Puma Group attacked the 94th Squadron of the 14th FG. The Hungarian fighters downed 5 P-38s and damaged two of them seriously, and the others minorly while they lost two planes and a pilot, 2nd Lt. Gyula Király, was killed. In this fierce dogfight Debrődy downed 1st Lt Louis Bennes P-38J (USAAF s/n: 42-104229 MACR-6031). The American pilot, who was an ace with 5 kills, got wounded and had to bail out. Benne was taken POW, his plane crashed near Dudar. Two days later Debrődy claimed another P-38J: his victim was 2nd Lt George F. Loughmiller. The Americans plane (USAAF s/n: 43-28665 MACR-6811) crashed near Kapoly, the pilot was killed. On 2nd July, 1944 18 Hungarian and approx. 80 German fighters attacked the American planes over Budapest. After this fight Debrődy claimed a P-51D over Pilisvörösvár. It was 1st Lt George Stanford, the Assistant Squadron Operations Officer of the 335th FS of 4th FG Code:WD-K with 4 air victories. The American pilot taken POW (USAAF s/n: 44-13402 MACR-6799).
Five days later he downed a B-17G (2nd BG, 20BS, USAAF s/n: 42-97351 MACR-6565) near Megyercs, assisted by Ensign András Huszár. Later he flew some unsuccesful sorties and on 27th July, 1944 he downed a B-24 near Mór. This Liberator was one of the 455th BGs lost planes.
Later the Hungarian fighters reserved their forces against the Red Army, because the Soviet forces appeared near the Hungarian border. On 1st November Debrődy was promoted to 1st Lt. Three days later his Squadron leader, Captain József Bejczy (5 confirmed kills) was killed by Soviet AA fire, and Debrődy was promoted to the new Squadron leader. On the next day, on 5th November, 1944 the last big Puma grouped sortie against the 15th AF took place. During this combat mission Debrődy claimed one B-24 (451st BG) shot down.
On 16th November, 1944 he took off his last combat mission as a squadron commander. The 101/3. Squadron attacked SE of Jászberény some La-5s of the 5th Vozdushnaja Armija (5th Soviet Air Army) and Debrődy downed one Lavochkin. Later he made a frontal attack against a Soviet Yak-9, north of Nagykáta. His series hit the Soviet plane and the Yak exploded, but meanwhile some of the Yaks bullet hit Debrődys Messer. The Hungarian pilot was seriously wound: one 20 mm shell punched his belly near his spine, but despite his terrible wound this tough guy made a successful emergency landing near Hatvan and the doctors where able to save his life, but it was his last combat mission (203rd). Later he was awarded the Tiszti Arany Vitézségi Érem (Officers Gold Medal For Bravery), the highest Hungarian decoration. After the war he emigrated to Spain with his friend, Miklós Kenyeres, and later to Canada, and to the USA. In 1967 the doctors again had to operated and removed from his body, near his spine a Soviet 12.7 mm bullet it was a souvenir from his last combat.
He passed away on 2rd February, 1982 in Cortland, USA.
(a) Debrődy claimed a P-51D with white-black wing stripes in high altitude (the 4th FG had this signs over Budapest is this day). He said, that the American pilot baled out. Later the Hungarian confirm-commission confirmed to him Stanford's plane, but in fact, Stanford made belly landing. In my opinion, Debrődy's real victim was 2Lt J. C. Norris from 336th FS of 4th FG, who was downed by a Messer, baled out and was taken POW. USAAF s/n: 43-6650 4FG336FS The Eagles Code:VF-A Pilot:Lt. J. C. Norris lost in this a/c Jul 02 1944 -POW MACR-6802 & 8526.
ASISBIZ I would agree with this synopsis.
(b) Later this claim wasn't confirmed, but one other source said, that he had another confirmed B-24 in summer.


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Wafa Abu Naser, a mother of three girls, reads to her children almost every day. Their favorite bedtime story is Cinderella. She buys them new books, whenever it is possible and makes sure they have a new book to read every now and then.
"I feel that my kids really benefit from my reading aloud to them. They enjoy listening to stories and are always attentive," says Wafa. Wafa likes quizzing them about their bedtime stories, and is always baffled by how well they memorize even the smallest of details.
Hala is Wafa's youngest daughter. She attends Al-Isra' preschool in Qalandia Refugee Camp where she lives. 'Snooty Girl' is one of Hala's favorite stories, which the teacher sometimes reads aloud to her and her friends. Aside from listening to stories, she enjoys preschool activities, like learning how to write. "I can write 'mom' and 'dad,' and my own name all by myself," she boasts.
Al-Isra' is one of 14 preschools in Jerusalem and Hebron that Anera is currently rehabilitating through its early childhood development program. Apart from infrastructural rehabilitation and cosmetic enhancement, each of these preschools has received play equipment, fixtures, furniture, fittings, vital toys and learning materials, like books.
There are very limited places in the West Bank where children can address their own inquisitiveness and need for stimulation. Anera believes that books provide that haven where kids can escape and explore the world around them.
Hayya Naqra' was first launched in Gaza in 2012. This year, with funding from Dubai Cares, the program has also reached the West Bank through take-home reading bags. Each bag is comprised of simple story books, picture books, and coloring sets. They also contain an information leaflet for parents and teachers with tips for optimizing their use of the resources. 2,000 reading packs are expected to reach preschools across Gaza and the West Bank this year.
Today is Hala's last school day. Preschoolers and parents were requested to drop by the preschool to pick up the end-of-year gift. When Wafa and Hala came to the preschool for the gift, they were delightfully surprised to learn that the gift was a reading pack.
"I never expected to see such a great gift. The bag design suits their age, and the books are excellent," says Wafa.
"Reading aloud to children alleviates much of the parents' load on the long-run, as it provides children with life-long skills," says Sulieman. He says that children who are often read to tend to make a habit of reading as they grow older, and it immensely helps them with their language and literacy skills, as well as getting homework done themselves.
Wafa says most parents don't practice reading aloud to their children in her community. She thinks it could be attributable to the parents' lack of time or poor education.
West Bank preschoolers with their new Anera-distributed bookbags full of fun children's books and educational materials.


Simon Gooding is one of the UK's most prolific production managers with a career spanning over 30 years. He has a working technical knowledge and appreciation of nearly all UK theatres, and enjoys the challenges putting together each new show brings. He is delighted to be involved with this tour of Spamalot.


After 53 years at its Granada base in central Manchester, Coronation Street is on the move to its new purpose-built, state-of-the-art home in Trafford. The street itself is now 2.5 feet wider to allow cars to pass with ease; over 400,000 facing bricks have been used on the lot (144,000 of which were reclaimed from a derelict Salford street); while eagle-eyed fans will have spotted the extra window upstairs at the Rovers Return.
Big soap schedule changes: when are Coronation Street, EastEnders and Emmerdale on next week?
Coronation Street: Bethany seduces Gary!


text:
Defense Attorneys in Derek Chauvin Murder Trial Continue to Lose 'Use of Force' Argument
On Wednesday, Day 8 of the Derek Chauvin murder trial, defense attorney Eric Nelson continued attempts to blame George Floyd for compelling former Minneapolis police officer Chauvin to apply excessive use of force to restrain Floyd as he executed an arrest. Prosecutors and defense attorneys methodically questioned police officials and law enforcement experts regarding their experiences with suspects under arrest. Chavin's defense attorney honed in on a suspect resorting to false claims of a medical condition to resist arrest by any means necessary, including an individual claiming an inabilty to breathe.
However, the defense's tactic is not working any better today, than on Tuesday, Day 7 when expert after expert testified that Chauvin's use of force was not only unwarranted, the knee on the neck is not authorized use of force in the Minneapolis Police jurisdiction and is outlawed by police agencies across the country … in short Chauvin was improvising.
The Defense also proposed on Tuesday, Day 7 of the trial that what is perceived in photos of video footage of Chauvin casually continuing to apply deadly force as he rocked back and forth on Floyd's neck – hand in pocket – may be more a case of him being distracted by a group of bystanders pleading and yelling at Chauvin and other officers to render aid.
In a bold twist today though, Chauvin's Defense attorney Eric Nelson played a segment of inaudible video in which George Floyd is imploring officers to give him some relief asking the witness "Doesn't that sound like he is saying 'I used too many drugs.'" The LAPD law enforcement expert responded, "that he could not hear" what Floyd uttered.
Three Minneapolis police department officers took the stand Tuesday on the seventh day of testimony in Derek Chauvin's murder trial in the death of George Floyd. In addition to the officers, who are experts in use of force, crisis intervention training and emergency medical response, was Sgt. Jody Stiger of the Los Angeles Police Department. He testified as an outside expert on police training and use of force.
Chauvin, who is white, is charged with second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter in the death of Floyd, a Black man who died in police custody on May 25, 2020.
All witnesses to this point in the trial have confirmed that Chauvin's use of force was excessive, unwarranted and potentially fatal.
The post Defense Attorneys in Derek Chauvin Murder Trial Continue to Lose 'Use of Force' Argument appeared first on Atlanta Daily World.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Red Sari - A Novel
Javier Moro
Publisher: Grupo Planeta
A novel based on the life of Sonia Gandhi, the carefree Italian girl who married into India's famous Nehru-Gandhi family and became a political leader. In 1965 Sonia Maino, a nineteen-year-old Italian student, meets a young Indian man named Rajiv Gandhi. She is the daughter of a humble family near Turin; he comes from the most powerful lineage in India. It is the beginning of a love story that not even death can end. In the name of love, Maino leaves her past to blend in with her expansive new country, India, which worships twenty million gods, speaks eight hundred languages, and votes for five hundred political parties. Her courage, integrity, and devotion will turn her into a revered and beloved figure.
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Love Loss and What We Ate - A...
A vivid memoir of food and family, survival and triumph, Love, Loss, and What We Ate traces the arc of Padma Lakshmi's unlikely path from an immigrant childhood to a complicated life in front of the camera—a tantalizing blend of Ruth Reichl's Tender at the Bone and Nora Ephron's Heartburn
Long before Padma Lakshmi ever stepped onto a television set, she learned that how we eat is an extension of how we love, how we comfort, how we forge a sense of home—and how we taste the world as we navigate our way through it. Shuttling between continents as a child, she lived a life of dislocation that would become habit as an adult, never quite at home in the world. And yet, through all her travels, her favorite food remained the simple rice she first ate sitting on the cool floor of her grandmother's kitchen in South India.
Poignant and surprising, Love, Loss, and What We Ate is Lakshmi's extraordinary account of her journey from that humble kitchen, ruled by ferocious and unforgettable women, to the judges' table of Top Chef and beyond. It chronicles the fierce devotion of the remarkable people who shaped her along the way, from her headstrong mother who flouted conservative Indian convention to make a life in New York, to her Brahmin grandfather—a brilliant engineer with an irrepressible sweet tooth—to the man seemingly wrong for her in every way who proved to be her truest ally. A memoir rich with sensual prose and punctuated with evocative recipes, it is alive with the scents, tastes, and textures of a life that spans complex geographies both internal and external.
Love, Loss, and What We Ate is an intimate and unexpected story of food and family—both the ones we are born to and the ones we create—and their enduring legacies.
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Rewired - An Unlikely Doctor a...
Dr. Ajay K. Seth
A raccoon bite on the arm doesn't seem that serious, but it soon becomes a life-or-death medical crisis for Melissa Loomis. After days of treatment for recurring infection, it becomes obvious that her arm must be amputated. Dr. Ajay Seth, the son of immigrant parents from India and a local orthopaedic surgeon in private practice, performs his first-ever amputation procedure. In the months that follow, divine intervention, combined with Melissa's determination and Dr. Seth's disciplined commitment and dedication to his patients, brings about the opportunity for a medical breakthrough that will potentially transform the lives of amputees around the world.Rewired is the inspirational, miraculous story of Dr. Seth's revolutionary surgery that allows Melissa to not just move a prosthetic arm simply by thinking, but to actually feel with the prosthetic hand, just as she would with her natural arm. This resulted in what others have recognized as the world's most advanced amputee, all done from Dr. Seth's private practice in a community hospital, using a local staff, and with no special training or extensive research funding.
10 Years of Freedom - Biography
Natascha Kampusch, Heike Gronemeier
In late October 2006, one of the most spectacular kidnapping cases of the younger past had come to end, when Natascha Kampusch freed herself after being held captive in a hidden cellar (near Vienna, Austria) for more than eight years. Media companies from all over the world came to cover her life story, which has taken quite some twists since then. The result: two autobiographies, a feature film, several documentaries and hundreds of interviews – all within a decade.
"10 Years of Freedom" offers us an insight into the impact such a nightmarish captivity has on a young woman's life. It tells the story of a naive victim, that had to learn to cope with the real world after being locked away for her whole youth. The author spans a wide range of themes from her first days in freedom and the turbulent times after gaining it again to a never-ending trauma, which she will have to deal with for the rest of her life. Natascha declares that she wasn't prepared to be a public figure after all, but was suddenly confronted with a heavy and controversial media coverage (including speculations by reporters regarding Stockholm syndrome and roleplaying, along with being labelled "cellar girl" and "sex slave"). Also, wild conspiracy theories gained popularity, resulting in several trials and review boards (including police and FBI investigations). Despite everything, she found certain ways to reconnect with her family and even founded/initiated several charity projects (e.g. the creation of a children's ward in Sri Lanka or the support of PETA, an organisation for animal rights).
"Your book is remarkable. 10 Years of Freedom, I urge everyone to read it." - Piers Morgan, ITV
"It's a very powerful read." - Huw Edwards, BBC
"Very brave." - Emma Barnett, BBC
Black and White Bible Black and...
Ruth A. Tucker
Ruth Tucker recounts a harrowing story of abuse at the hands of her husband—a well-educated, charming preacher no less—in hope that her story would help other women caught in a cycle of domestic violence and offer a balanced biblical approach to counter such abuse for pastors and counselors.
Weaving together her shocking story, stories of other women, and powerful stories of husbands who truly have demonstrated Christ's love to their wives, with reflection on biblical, theological, historical, and contemporary issues surrounding domestic violence, she makes a compelling case for mutuality in marriage and helps women and men become more aware of potential dangers in a doctrine of male headship.
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Part culinary memoir and part travelogue, Carole Bumpus gathered this compilation of intimate interviews, conversations, stories, and traditional family recipes (cuisine pauvre) in the kitchens of French families as she traveled throughout the countryside. Travel with her through Champagne caves/wineries and historic cathedrals, local farmers' markets, ancient potters' guilds, and restaurant kitchens with wood-fire ovens. Learn how to make homemade Spinach-stuffed Tortellini with Bolognaise Sauce from the Champagne region, Crêpes and Watercress-stuffed Ravioli from the Lorraine, and Baekeofe and Kugelhopf from the Alsace. "Go blind" from the family stock of Eau de Vie liqueur and be treated to tales of foraging for snails for the infamous and now extinct Escargots Festival. And, on a somber note, listen to accounts of families forced from their communities during the German occupation of WWII in the Alsace and Lorraine, only to continue to struggle for survival after finally making their way home.
This book is a compilation of stories about making ends meet; about people being grateful for all they had, even when they had almost nothing; about the sharing of family jokes and laughter; and about family trials and triumphs. This book is about people savoring the life they have been given.
Goodbye Sweet Girl - A Story of...
Kelly Sundberg
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"A fierce, frightening, soulful reckoning—Goodbye, Sweet Girl is an expertly rendered memoir that investigates why we stay in relationships that hurt us, and how we survive when we leave them. Kelly Sundberg is a force. She has written the rare book that has the power to change lives."—Christa Parravani, author of Her: A Memoir
In this brave and beautiful memoir, written with the raw honesty and devastating openness of The Glass Castle and The Liar's Club, a woman chronicles how her marriage devolved from a love story into a shocking tale of abuse—examining the tenderness and violence entwined in the relationship, why she endured years of physical and emotional pain, and how she eventually broke free.
"You made me hit you in the face," he said mournfully. "Now everyone is going to know." "I know," I said. "I'm sorry."
Kelly Sundberg's husband, Caleb, was a funny, warm, supportive man and a wonderful father to their little boy Reed. He was also vengeful and violent. But Sundberg did not know that when she fell in love, and for years told herself he would get better. It took a decade for her to ultimately accept that the partnership she desired could not work with such a broken man. In her remarkable book, she offers an intimate record of the joys and terrors that accompanied her long, difficult awakening, and presents a haunting, heartbreaking glimpse into why women remain too long in dangerous relationships.
To understand herself and her violent marriage, Sundberg looks to her childhood in Salmon, a small, isolated mountain community known as the most redneck town in Idaho. Like her marriage, Salmon is a place of deep contradictions, where Mormon ranchers and hippie back-to-landers live side-by-side; a place of magical beauty riven by secret brutality; a place that takes pride in its individualism and rugged self-sufficiency, yet is beholden to church and communal standards at all costs.
Mesmerizing and poetic, Goodbye, Sweet Girl is a harrowing, cautionary, and ultimately redemptive tale that brilliantly illuminates one woman's transformation as she gradually rejects the painful reality of her violent life at the hands of the man who is supposed to cherish her, begins to accept responsibility for herself, and learns to believe that she deserves better.
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Reinvent reading


text:
Aired: Apr 5, 2009 to Jul 4, 2010
Producers: Aniplex , Square Enix , Mainichi Broadcasting System , Studio Moriken
Studios: Bones
Licensors: Funimation , Aniplex of America
Scored: 9.23/10 (1,040,597 voted myanimelist)
Synonyms: Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Fullmetal Alchemist, Fullmetal Alchemist (2009), FMA, FMAB, 鋼の錬金術師 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST
Genres: Action , Military , Adventure , Comedy , Drama , Magic , Fantasy , Shounen
"In order for something to be obtained, something of equal value must be lost." Alchemy is bound by this Law of Equivalent Exchange—something the young brothers Edward and Alphonse Elric only realize after attempting human transmutation: the one forbidden act of alchemy. They pay a terrible price for their transgression—Edward loses his left leg, Alphonse his physical body. It is only by the desperate sacrifice of Edward's right arm that he is able to affix Alphonse's soul to a suit of armor. Devastated and alone, it is the hope that they would both eventually return to their original bodies that gives Edward the inspiration to obtain metal limbs called "automail" and become a state alchemist, the Fullmetal Alchemist. Three years of searching later, the brothers seek the Philosopher's Stone, a mythical relic that allows an alchemist to overcome the Law of Equivalent Exchange. Even with military allies Colonel Roy Mustang, Lieutenant Riza Hawkeye, and Lieutenant Colonel Maes Hughes on their side, the brothers find themselves caught up in a nationwide conspiracy that leads them not only to the true nature of the elusive Philosopher's Stone, but their country's murky history as well. In between finding a serial killer and racing against time, Edward and Alphonse must ask themselves if what they are doing will make them human again... or take away their humanity. [Written by MAL Rewrite]
Tags: Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Fullmetal Alchemist Fullmetal Alchemist (2009) FMA FMAB 鋼の錬金術師 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST
Elric, Alphonse
Elric, Edward
Armstrong, Alex Louis
Armstrong, Philip Gargantos
Armstrong, Olivier Mira
Armstrong, Kathleen Elle
Barry the Chopper
Black Hayate
Bradley, King
Bradley, Mrs.
Bradley, Selim
Breda, Heymans
Brosh, Denny
Catalina, Rebecca
Chang, May
Cornello
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EP 60 Eye of Heaven, Gateway of Earth 2020-03-16 10:52:30
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EP 57 Eternal Leave 2020-03-16 10:52:38
EP 56 The Return of the Fuhrer 2020-03-16 10:52:39
EP 55 The Adults' Way of Life 2020-03-16 10:52:37
EP 54 Beyond the Inferno 2020-03-16 10:53:57
EP 53 Flame of Vengeance 2020-03-16 10:53:54
EP 52 Combined Strength 2020-03-16 10:53:54
EP 51 The Immortal Legion 2020-03-16 10:53:54
EP 50 Upheaval in Central 2020-03-16 10:53:55
EP 49 Filial Affection 2020-03-16 10:54:04
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EP 45 The Promised Day 2020-03-16 10:54:05
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Osteoporosis is commonly referred to as the "silent disease" due to the fact bone loss happens devoid of signs . People may not realize that they have osteoporosis until a sudden strain, bump, or fall leads to a crack of a vertebra or other bone.
A. Osteoporosis is a bone ailment that brings about reduction of the bones. Osteoporotic bones are fragile and have an enhanced likelihood for fracture with bumps or falls. Osteoporotic fractures most frequently manifest in the hip, spinal column, and wrist.
Q. How common is osteoporosis?
A. It is estimated that ten million Americans have osteoporosis. It can impact both males and females, but 80% of cases are identified in females. Individuals from all ethnic backgrounds can be at risk for osteoporosis.
Q. Am I at risk for osteoporosis?
Q. Who should have a DEXA test done?
Females 65 years of age or older.
All people with previous fracture suspicious for "brittle bones".
Anyone with a situation or taking a medicine linked with osteoporosis.
Q. Where can a obtain a DEXA scan?
If you smoke cigarettes, quit.
Q. What medications are there designed for osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates. Examples consist of aledronate (Fosamax®), risedronate (Actonel®), ibandronate (Boniva®) and zolendronic acid (Reclast®).
Discuss with your physician about whether you need a medication and which is right for you.


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PHYSICS (UPPER SECONDARY)
Course categories: MATHEMATICS (UPPER SECONDARY) ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (UPPER SECONDARY) PHYSICS (UPPER SECONDARY) CHEMISTRY (UPPER SECONDARY) SCIENCE (PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY) (UPPER SECONDARY) MATHEMATICS (SECONDARY 1) MATHEMATICS (SECONDARY 2) SCIENCE (LOWER SECONDARY)
The O-Level physics syllabus provides students with a coherent understanding of energy, matter, and their interrelationships. It focuses on investigating natural phenomena and then applying patterns, models (including mathematical ones), principles, theories and laws to explain the physical behaviour of the universe. The theories and concepts presented in this syllabus belong to a branch of physics commonly referred to as classical physics. Modern physics, developed to explain the quantum properties at the atomic and sub-atomic level, is built on knowledge of these classical theories and concepts. Students should think of physics in terms of scales. Whereas the classical theories such as Newton's laws of motion apply to common physical systems that are larger than the size of atoms, a more comprehensive theory, quantum theory, is needed to describe systems at the atomic and sub-atomic scales. It is at these scales that physicists are currently making new discoveries and inventing new applications. It is envisaged that teaching and learning programmes based on this syllabus would feature a wide variety of learning experiences designed to promote acquisition of scientific expertise and understanding, and to develop values and attitudes relevant to science. Teachers are encouraged to use a combination of appropriate strategies to effectively engage and challenge their students. It is expected that students will apply investigative and problem-solving skills, effectively communicate the theoretical concepts covered in this course and appreciate the contribution physics makes to our understanding of the physical world.
These are not listed in order of priority. The aims are to:
provide, through well-designed studies of experimental and practical physics, a worthwhile educational experience for all students, whether or not they go on to study science beyond this level and, in particular, to enable them to acquire sufficient understanding and knowledge to
become confident citizens in a technological world, able to take or develop an informed interest in matters of scientific importance
recognise the usefulness, and limitations, of scientific method and to appreciate its applicability in other disciplines and in everyday life
be suitably prepared for studies beyond Ordinary Level in physics, in applied sciences or in science-related courses.
develop abilities and skills that
are relevant to the study and practice of science
are useful in everyday life
encourage efficient and safe practice
encourage effective communication.
develop attitudes relevant to science such as
concern for accuracy and precision
inventiveness.
stimulate interest in and care for the local and global environment.
promote an awareness that
the study and practice of science are co-operative and cumulative activities, and are subject to social, economic, technological, ethical and cultural influences and limitations
the applications of science may be both beneficial and detrimental to the individual, the community and the environment
science transcends national boundaries and that the language of science, correctly and rigorously applied, is universal
the use of information technology is important for communications, as an aid to experiments and as a tool for the interpretation of experimental and theoretical results.
https://www.seab.gov.sg/docs/default-source/national-examinations/syllabus/olevel/2020syllabus/6091_y20_sy.pdf
21. ELECTROMAGNETISM
Magnetic effect of a current
Applications of the magnetic effect of a current
Force on a current-carrying conductor
The d.c. motor
Candidates should be able to:
draw the pattern of the magnetic field due to currents in straight wires and in solenoids and state the effect on the magnetic field of changing the magnitude and/or direction of the current
describe the application of the magnetic effect of a current in a circuit breaker
describe experiments to show the force on a current-carrying conductor, and on a beam of charged particles, in a magnetic field, including the effect of reversing
(i) the current
(ii) the direction of the field
deduce the relative directions of force, field and current when any two of these quantities are at right angles to each other using Fleming's left-hand rule
describe the field patterns between currents in parallel conductors and relate these to the forces which exist between the conductors (excluding the Earth's field)
explain how a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect and that the effect is increased by increasing
(i) the number of turns on the coil
(ii) the current
discuss how this turning effect is used in the action of an electric motor
describe the action of a split-ring commutator in a two-pole, single-coil motor and the effect of winding the coil on to a soft-iron cylinder
22. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Principles of electromagnetic induction
The a.c. generator
Use of cathode-ray oscilloscope
The transformer
deduce from Faraday's experiments on electromagnetic induction or other appropriate experiments:
(i) that a changing magnetic field can induce an e.m.f. in a circuit
(ii) that the direction of the induced e.m.f. opposes the change producing it
(iii) the factors affecting the magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
describe a simple form of a.c. generator (rotating coil or rotating magnet) and the use of slip rings (where needed)
sketch a graph of voltage output against time for a simple a.c. generator
describe the use of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) to display waveforms and to measure potential differences and short intervals of time (detailed circuits, structure and operation of the c.r.o. are not required)
interpret c.r.o. displays of waveforms, potential differences and time intervals to solve related problems
describe the structure and principle of operation of a simple iron-cored transformer as used for voltage transformations
recall and apply the equations VP / VS = NP / NS and VPIP = VSIS to new situations or to solve related problems (for an ideal transformer)
describe the energy loss in cables and deduce the advantages of high-voltage transmission
Maths & Science Breakthrough with Coach Javier
http://mathsbreakthrough.com
https://wa.me/+6596553045
admin@litetutors.sg


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Glimpses Of The St Peter's Story: Learning To Be Diverse
Desmond Tutu – The Arch(bishop) as he's affectionately known – was, I think, the person who introduced the idea of South Africa as The Rainbow Nation; a multicoloured country of different cultures, where new ideas are allowed to compete in the market-place along with established thinking. Where different cultures are allowed to flourish and express themselves on an equal footing. This is an attractive and inspiring idea – not least here, in a country where one people group ruled all the others so oppressively and for so long. It's a concept that many embraced – and it was used explicitly and implicitly to market the country abroad. You can see the idea – if not the words themselves – behind much of the country's apparent self-image, in advertising and various cultural expressions.
But it's hard work; so hard, that some have given up. I've heard The Arch say that he believes the dream of the Rainbow Nation is dead; every gain requires some loss, and that seems to be too painful for some to persist. How do we respond to that in Mowbray, a diverse (economically and racially) area of Cape Town? In former days Mowbray was an area which experienced the forced removals of apartheid law, and the incoming of white people, Some members of this church can still remember waiting with toys in hand for the trucks to come and take them to their new 'home' … which even on the day of removal they didn't know the location of. Things have changed now; Mowbray truly is diverse. But how does the church embrace that?
Photo by Sanketh Rao on Pexels.com
Diversity can sound like a vague idea, redolent of the sort of forced ideals which enrage some extreme cultural conservatives. However, if the church is called to be a local expression of the Gospel (to simplify what one of my theological heroes, Lesslie Newbigin, said) then we have to take that seriously. If we're try to give people a (fallen) foretaste of the New Creation where people of all nations will be worshipping and working and resting with each other at Jesus' feet, then a church in area like ours needs to seek to be like that.
We're not a big church, but we do have people from a number of different cultural backgrounds who call this church their spiritual home. We've been introducing songs and hymns in some of the different languages represented; for some who were forced as children to learn at school in a language that wasn't their mother tongue, this has been deeply significant, and at times overwhelmingly emotional. We have a diversity of styles of music (sometimes led by the organ, sometimes the guitar and sometimes the keyboard). We try to make sure people who aren't white men (like me) are involved in leadership positions at different points. It's hard for people to unlearn the practice of years of sitting at the back of church because that where they felt they had to sit in years past – even when we rope off the back pews; conversely, white people are having to learn to give up (or at least share) their pews at the front.
It's not easy, though. Because we're not a big church, there's only (for example) a few people musical enough to play in services; there's only so much diversity we can express with a community of this size. The pool is numerically limited, and we want people to be expressing their gifts in a way that gives them joy – not forced into an ill-fitting yolk whuch will burden them. I read and hear people saying that if we don't have X% of people who aren't white males in positions of influence, then we're failing. I agree with the agenda, but not with that way of expressing it; it fails to account for the factor that we, like every other church, are constantly in a process. We haven't arrived, and may never do so; church's are organic beings which need a gentle hand on the tiller; they're not machines where you can simply replace parts with other ones. People need to be loved into change, not driven. Our vision statement seeks to express this sense of not arriving: "We believe Jesus is good news for this city, so we want to be a community where people experience Jesus, embracing the full diversity of Mowbray and beyond". (Note: we want to be – not are).
We've struggled, for instance, to get people who aren't white males to preach in Sunday services; there are things I could have done better to speed this along, I'm sure. But we also need to wait (and much of ministry and church life and all of life is waiting for God to do things in the time He wants) for the right people to find their home amongst us – and then to have the courage to accept invitations when they are extended.
We are seeking. Seeking a lot of different things, or rather seeking to be many different things. There are things we could do better; there's also much we're waiting for.
Seek and you shall find, says Jesus.
Posted in church, Glimpses Of The St Peter's Story, leadership, ministry, south africa, Uncategorized	| Leave a comment
Losing Christian Privilege
I blame Jesus. If he hadn't said that stuff about being blessed when you're persecuted, then I don't think we'd be where we are today. St Paul's not much better, who made a great show of listing all the persecutions and opposition he faced as somehow 'proving' something about his ministry. Yep. It's God's fault.
When I was training to be a priest (20 years ago), it was often observed at the conservative college at which I trained that Christians in Britain were too lukewarm; they took their faith for granted, were wooly on some important doctrines, too much drawn to liberalism, weak on evangelism and generally a bit of a let down. What was needed, it was sometimes touted, was a good dose of persecution. Some people even prayed it would be so. People actually prayed that the country would change so much that Christianity would be illegal and that people would die for their faith. It seems an odd thing to pray, to say the least, when this is the daily reality of actual people in some parts of the world, but there you have it.
20 years later, it seems a given in some conservative quarters to state that these prayers have been answered. According to some, the recent court decision in London to put an exclusion zone around an abortion clinic to prevent prayer and protests outside is seen as a threat to religious freedom. The BBC, some insist, is blatantly anti-Christian and – worse, in the eyes of those who protest thus – promoting a gay agenda. Here in South Africa, some Christian groups are loudly defending their God-given 'right' to physically discipline children; to disallow that, is to threaten the freedom of the church, it is said. In America the religious right have hitched their wagon to the lucrative gun lobby, and assured anyone who'll listen that the Constitution's second amendment enshrines a 'God-given' right to own assault rifles.
Pointing out facts is, it seems, unpopular. No one's threatened with serious trouble over graciously and peacefully (and there's the key words) presenting a 'pro-life' perspective; you don't have to search the BBC website for long to find stories and programmes which show the Christian faith in a positive and realistic light. I could go on, but the point is probably obvious by now – this isn't an argument about facts. It's about perception. Christians feel like they're losing ground; the Bible shows us we're blessed if we're persecuted; look – we're being persecuted!
The reality is that in all 3 of these countries – and many others – that we Christians are losing ground. And that's OK. For many years, way before the current generation was born, we were living in a 'Christendom' reality. This is the idea that Christianity is assumed as deserving of a preferential hearing. Christianity was the privileged religion, and it was treated as such. These were Christian countries, it was assumed. As the world changes, society is globalised and the influences are more diverse. Suddenly, Christianity is no longer assumed to be primary; it is questioned, in many cases found wanting, and certainly no longer deserving of privilege.
Which is as it should be. Be it in post-apartheid South Africa, levelling the playing field between men and women, or giving other religions than Christianity a share of the platform, the loss of unearned privilege can feel like persecution. But it isn't. It's just the lop-sided playing field levelling itself. If the Gospel is as winsome and powerful as we think it is, then this should not worry us and we should not protest it. Jesus and the early Christians were not known for protesting their own rights or demanding a privileged hearing; they were rather more focussed on the rights of others – and in Jesus' case, emptying himself of all he was really, truly entitled to.
In fact, there's more to say still. The Gospel tells us that we have no rights of our own before God, but he graciously gives us all things in Jesus. He was all about laying down his rights. If the playing field really is levelling to all religions and world-views, then we should welcome it as a chance to be like Jesus and empty ourselves of all unearned and undeserved power and privilege and see a real demonstration of the power of the Gospel to which we claim to adhere. Further, if we really think we have a God-given right to protest outside abortion clinics or to own a gun or to hit our children (3 very different things, of course), then we need to be asking ourselves some serious questions as to how far we've drifted from the Bible we claim to hold in such high esteem.
Maybe, in some mysterious way, God has answered those prayers. He hasn't given us persecution – though, of course, he remains perfectly entitled to do so. He has simply taken away a privilege that was never ours to begin with; it only ever belonged to him. Let's let him worry about getting the hearing he deserves; our role is to, like Jesus, empty ourselves of power and simply serve him – where we find him. Which will so often be in the form of the people we were previously loudly protesting against.
Posted in christian living, church, justice, mission, south africa	| Tagged abortion, bbc, guns, persecution | Leave a comment
Proudly No Nation
The Olympics are in danger of helping me forget that 2016 is, fundamentally, rubbish. It's tempting to think of big sporting events like this as bread and circuses (minus the bread); the ancient Roman tactic of staging magnificent spectacles of blood-sports in the Coliseum to distract from some inconvenient facts of life. Used the wrong way, such events can be just that. Put them in their right place, however, and they can serve an important purpose: a kind of holiday from the depressing full-time difficulties that occupy all of us, that when it's over may leave a bit of a hole but as a result of which we will find ourselves somewhat refreshed with a bit more lightness in our spirits to help us navigate these dark and troubling times.
There are few absolute goods that are of human creation, however. Big sports events in general and the Olympics in particular can fan the flames of the sort of love for nation and exultation in nationhood that can be hard to resist. When a lifetime's work – most of it away from the public eye – is rewarded on the big stage, it can feel good to wave or wear or post to social media a flag and enjoy the shared afterglow of one person's achievement. There's nothing wrong with celebrating the acheivement per se – especially if it inspires us to more unseen commitment to our own goals and callings.
I'm a British person who lives in South Africa. For many years I thought myself proud to be British. I've let go of that, however. I'm still proud of some of what British people have and do achieve; over the last week I've been freshly staggered, for example, by the almost routine commitment to excellence from the British cycling team. It inspires me, and I believe it deserves to be celebrated and rewarded; I want to learn about it, and apply it my own fields of endeavour. Increasingly, however, I find that I can't call myself proud to be British. Not when I consider a history of colonialism, a present of racial and economic inequality, and much else besides. I'm not proudly British.
This drive to exhibit national pride easily tips over into hounding good people for not doing what others think they should be doing. Think of American gymnast (and champion from the London Olympics) Gabby Douglas, hounded to the point of tears for not putting her hand over her heart during the playing of the American anthem (read about it here). It starts with criticisms of what this supreme athlete does with her body whilst a piece of music is played; it soon becomes the dog-whistle racism of criticisms of the texture of her hair. In other contexts I've lost count of the number of social media posts I've seen criticising a South African rugby coach for not being '#proudlysouthafrican' because of his team selection (interestingly, I rarely see that particular criticism made when the coach has white skin). It seems that the message is this: be proud of your nation, and make sure you show that you are in the way I demand – or you'll be hounded until you change or you're gone.
This should be especially problematic for us who follow Jesus. When God chooses a nation in the Old Testament, he doesn't choose it to be 'great' in terms of its achievements, victories and international power or fame; He chooses it to be a blessing to other nations. Blessing, in Bible terms, is about speaking well of others (or God) and enabling others to move into the fullness of what they can be, doing and being good towards them. In New Testament terms, Jesus models a use of power and status that empties itself rather than draws attention to itself; that wraps a towel around its waist and washes dirty feet rather than pride in self. We're invited to take pride in a stigmatised death, a seeming capitulation to power, a use of one's own power to open life in all its fullness to those who would snuff it out. Jesus, Paul, John, Peter – they all seem to have very little time for the very idea of a nation; let alone taking pride in an accident of birth. The identity and pride of a Jesus follower isn't Israel or Rome or Britain or South Africa or America; there's no true greatness in any of those, and there can't be whilst they consist of sinful people. Identity, pride, greatness for us is in the new creation, in eternity and the way of the cross – suffering, death, sacrifice for others, that leads there.
The flag has no place above, or next to, a cross. We live in the here and now – and that means in a nation, yes. But we die to self that we might live for others; we invite the awareness of the reign of a king who rules over a kingdom that transcends physical borders and breaks down the divisions of race and country and everything else of human construction.
We live under the rule of a servant king, who calls us to serve and love and carry a cross; not wave a flag.
Posted in christian living, south africa, sport, UK	| Tagged gabby douglas, nationalism, olympics, patriotism, rio2016 | Leave a comment
South Africa, God is especially fond of you
We all like to think we're special. The truth is, we are.
We are immeasurably special.
Yes, even you. You, you as an individual, you. You are made bearing the indelible and unique hallmark of the divine Source of all things. You were bought for Him at an unimaginable, inexpressible, uncountable cost. He'd have done it for you if you were the only one left. You are precious and deeply, personally, intimately loved in ways you can't express or hope to understand this side of mortality.
A pretty average book helped me understand that. Remember The Shack? A decently written novel about suffering and God. The God character whispers in the ear of the one who suffers "I am especially fond of you". Beautiful, that. The only part of the book that stayed with me. God is especially fond of me.
What made that powerful in The Shack was that it eventually became apparent that God whispered of special fondness to each and every person. It's utterly personal, deeply unique … and equally addressed to each and every person. That makes me deeply loved and very special – but also not that special at the same time. God performs the clever juxtaposition of boosting my self-esteem and keeping my ego in check at the same time.
The same is true for countries. Every country is special. Every country is unique. I suppose we might even be able to say that God has a special purpose for each country. Every country is different, so every country has its own purpose to perform. He chose one country through which to make that plain, but only so that each country and each person could find their own special place and purpose.
I've thought about all this a great deal recently, and it became inescapable for me when a meme started popping up in my social media feeds. South Africa – where I live and work – is experiencing a convulsion of rage and protest which will lead we know not yet where. It's shaking a lot of people – which it should do, needs to. The meme talked of God not letting South Africa go – to which I heartily and fully say 'Amen'. It said other things, though. Like this: "He loves you too much to let you keep the racism". There are other things that meme says that God loves the country too much to let it fall back into.
I understand the sentiment, and it sounds Godly. It's certainly true that God doesn't want people or countries to be racist or to foster poverty. But the existence of those things is down to us, not Him. Keeping racism? That's on me, not God.
God has special purposes for South Africa – just as He as special purposes for every country – but embracing those is up to the people of the country. If we get it right, it's a reflection of His grace and good and to His glory. If we don't, it's on us. To suggest – even by implication – that God loves us too much to fall back into old traps is to imply that one country is favoured over another. What about the countries where those things are happening (and let's be honest, most of them are already happening in South Africa anyway)? Does God love them any less because those countries are further down the rabbit hole?
God is incredibly fond of South Africa. But no more so than He is of any other country. Expressed uniquely, personally, locally to South Africa for sure; but the love is shared around to every other country also, and none are left unequally unloved. South Africa is very special to God, and is also just like every other country. He gives us the tools, the invitation, the capacity to let go of poverty and racism and corruption. But it will be for no lack of God's love if they seem to win; that's on us, and us alone.
Posted in christian living, south africa	| Leave a comment
The gift of not being perfect
That's partly because I stayed up close to midnight to watch Arsenal's inevitable demise to the liquid machine of Barcelona's sublime brand of football. But it's not the real reason. I'll get to bed a bit earlier than usual this evening to make up for it, and all will be well. No, I'm tired in other ways. In no particular order …
I'm tired because I'm a new parent. We've been fostering 13-year old Mr K and 7-year old Miss J for around 2 months now. We're told it takes 6 months-1 year to reorient life to a new reality like this. We're doing quite well, all told, but we're making plenty of mistakes and learning plenty of new things. Learning and making mistakes is tiring. The earlier mornings are tiring. The dealing with the overflow of past traumas is tiring.
I'm tired because I lead a church, and it's a tiring job. It's never done, you never stop thinking about it, there's always more I could do and I work more hours than most people know or believe – and I'm pretty good at protecting my time off.
I'm tired because I don't live in the country of my birth. I've lived in South Africa for 6 years now, and it's home – in as much as anywhere is ever home in my line of work. But I'd lived in the UK for 36 years before that; it's how I was born and raised, the air I breathed. Living in a place that's not that of your birth is always going to be a little destabilising; and especially so in South Africa, where as leader there's the swirls and eddies of the country's history and present threatening to sweep you away and grab your attention. The issues are so complex, so intertwined with one another, so hard to get a handle on. Add on that something is coming to the boil here, now; violent unrest is coming the surface once again. anger is surfacing and it needs to be faced, understood, listened to and acted in response to.
I'm tired by all these things, because I don't do any of them as well as I'd like to. I try hard as a parent, but I fail daily. I try hard as a church leader, but I fail daily. I try hard to understand South Africa, but I fail daily. There's issues that demand attention, articles to read, conversations to have – none of which I seem able to get to, all of which tire me out by their presence in my inbox, mind, newsfeed, book pile.
Then some words spoken came back to me. My therapist said to me, as I was becoming a foster father, that I'll feel the pressure to be a perfect Dad. But relax, he said. You can't be perfect – all you need to be is good enough.
Good enough. I can do that. Jesus calls it grace. I can be a good enough Dad; He'll do the rest. I can be a good enough leader; He'll make up the difference. I can be a good enough resident of a convulsing South Africa; He'll bring the perfection. He'll call people who'll give to my foster kids what I can't; He'll raise up people within my church, and other churches, who'll do and be what I and my church can't do or be; He'll bring forward people dealing with each issue and conversation that really matters. I just need to be good enough, to be obedient with what I've been given, to do what I can and not what I can't.
It's called grace, and it will mean I can sleep.
Posted in christian living, leadership, south africa, spirituality	| 3 Comments
More than the few: on English football and South African xenophobia
The latest outburst of xenophobic violence in South Africa has, as you might expected, provoked comment and soul-searching. it's distressing to watch the colours of the rainbow nation fragment. This time around other African governments have been drawn to comment, which has in its turn provoked a belated act of leadership from President Zuma. In his impassioned response to a Mozambican writerr's criticisms of the incidents, Zuma argued that the detestable actions of the wrongdoers were the action of a 'few', of a minority.
This sparked a memory for me. A memory of the darkest days of English football. Allow me to explain (even if you despise football, please bear with me; I think this is important). In the 1980s, and into the 90s, English football experienced a period of self-recrimination and examination in the wake of a spate of football-related violence (much of this could also be said to be true of the sport in other nations, but I want to turn the lens on that closest to me). The strictures that resulted from this were severe: expulsion, for a time, of English clubs from the highest level of international club football, a series of changes to the way crowds were policed and legislated. We could also argue that it resulted in the structural changes to the game that resulted in the multi-millionaire culture of today's Premier League, but let's not go there for now. As the game's public image sank, there was a frequent refrain from inside the game. It's only a few fans.
Using comparative statistics, that's true. In a stadium of 40,000, only a minority would be real trouble makers. Most were indeed there to see the game. It's true; but doesn't make the dead and injured any less dead and injured. Various things needed to be done – some of the legislation (though perhaps not all) was appropriate and necessary. In addition to this, there needed to be invitations from those in football to a different way of following the sport; witness, for example, before the 1989 league title decider between Liverpool and Arsenal, the Arsenal players presenting wreathes of flowers in memory of deceased Liverpool fans. This two-pronged approach was necessary; but it missed a third prong, one which still lies (largely) unaddressed. The third prong revolves around the inherent problem of something that gives English football such a unique and special identity.
English football has an almost unique culture of fans travelling to support their team, and doing so with a special kind of noise, colour and passion. Globally there are few sporting events with the vibrant appeal of an English football derby (local rivalry); fixtures like Manchester United v Liverpool and Arsenal v Tottenham (Spurs) have an atmosphere you really have to experience to believe. This is because of the inherent tribalism in English football; these rivalries go back over a century, drawing fuel from sources wider than sport, into the very fabric of the communities which they represent. As a life-long Arsenal fan living on the other side of the world, the morning of a game with Tottenham, I wake up with a feeling in my stomach best described as adrenalised dread. This is what makes it special; it's also what makes it dangerous. Fair warning: the contents of the next paragraph may offend.
When Tottenham player Sol Campbell moved to Arsenal, it provoked a storm of protest and anger. The song that some Tottenham fans sung at him ran thus (to the tune of Lord of The Dance): "Sol, Sol, wherever you may be/You're on the verge of lunacy/And we don't give a fuck when you're hanging from a tree/Judas cunt with HIV". Count yourself blessed if you don't understand all the mental-health, racist and homophobic references in there. Arsenal fans were not blameless. A favourite response was the massed sound of air escaping between teeth aimed towards Tottenham fans. Tottenham has a strong base of support amongst North London's Jewish community; the sound imitates gas in the Nazi death camps.
Yes, it was only a few fans who engaged like this. But this hatred, which I've seen contorted onto the faces of desperately ordinary people, could only grow in the soil of the tribalism and rivalries at the heart of English football. Not every football fan was guilty; but we are all responsible for creating the environment in which it can flourish. Only when we acknowledge that can hatred be removed from football.
So back to South African xenophobia. We need more leadership and legislation. We also need hashtags and demonstrations of other ways to be South African. Some of these we are getting. But a third prong is needed. This third prong needs a kind of self-examination that seems rare in these fevered times. It needs a self-examination that says that all South Africans live under the curse of apartheid, have inherited (as argued persuasively by Professor Jonathan Jansen in Knowledge In The Blood) a view of life based not on shared humanity but on race. I've reflected elsewhere how moving to South Africa can make you feel more racist, forcing you to think in a way you never would have.
Since democracy came 21 years ago, South Africa has embraced a flag and a view of proud nationhood which the world loves. Think back to the 2010 World Cup; bad football, but a good face to the world for the country. It's what makes the country so appealing to many outsiders – hope, life, new identity. Alongside that, the fruit of apartheid continues to grow in the heart of all South Africans; in the soil of proud nationalism, dismissal of the other easily grows. It was well taught by apartheid, and doesn't go away just because all citizens have the vote. It's just subtly refocussed. Now it's the other nations who are 'the other'. For most that's benign; for a few, it's xenophobic. The third prong of attack that's needed is the humble and gracious self-examination that says that all South Africans have skin in this game, have learned prejudice in the blood and in some way have guilt to bear.
It's doesn't appears to be fair at first sight, but it's really a deeper vision of justice than mere surface level fairness. Christians call it original sin. We're all guilty. Until that's owned, expressed and consciously turned from, all the well-meaning efforts of politicians and activists will be of limited effectiveness.
To our knees, then.
Posted in south africa, sport	| Tagged Arsenal, football, sol campbell, South Africa, xenophobia | Leave a comment


text:
Q: Galois field algorithm from C to Matlab I'm transcribing a C code for Matlab from a multiplication by 2 in the Gallois field, the problem is that my matlab code is not displaying the same value as the C code. Apparently everything is ok, I commented the code in matlab to identify the adaptations of the C code, below the codes.
C:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
  unsigned char value = 0xaa;
  signed char temp;
  // cast to signed value
  temp = (signed char) value;
  printf("\n%d",temp);
  // if MSB is 1, then this will signed extend and fill the temp variable with 1's
  temp = temp >> 7;
  printf("\n%d",temp);
  // AND with the reduction variable
  temp = temp & 0x1b;
  printf("\n%d",temp);
  // finally shift and reduce the value
  printf("\n%d",((value << 1)^temp));
}

Output:
-86
-1
27
335

MatLab:
hex = uint8(hex2dec('1B'));                     % define 0x1b
temp = uint8(hex2dec('AA'));                    % temp = (signed char) value;
disp(temp);
value = uint8(hex2dec('AA'));                   % unsigned char value = 0xaa
temp = bitsra(temp,7);                          % temp = temp >> 7;
disp(temp);
temp = bitand(temp,hex);                        % temp = temp and 0x1b
disp(temp);
galois_value =  bitxor(bitsll(value,1),temp);   % ((value << 1)^temp)
disp(galois_value);                             % printf ("\n%u",...)

Output:
 170

    1

    1

   85

The C code works correctly, I'm printing %d in the C code to show the integer value of the varible because the cast in the beggining of the code.
Someone knows what is happening

A: Try this:
hex = uint8(hex2dec('1B'));

temp = typecast(uint8(hex2dec('AA')), 'int8');
disp(temp);

temp = bitshift(temp,-7);
disp(temp);

temp = bitand(typecast(temp,'uint8'),hex);
disp(temp);

galois_value =  bitxor(bitshift(uint16(hex2dec('AA')),1),uint16(temp));
disp(galois_value);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
The Scammers In "Ocean's 8" And "Solo" Can't Keep Up With Real Life
In this summer of scamming, IRL grift is easily outpacing the current big-screen visions of cons, heists, hustling, and fraud for sheer escapist satisfaction.
By Alison Willmore
Alison Willmore BuzzFeed News Reporter
Barry Wetcher / Warner Bros.
Sandra Bullock and Cate Blanchett in Ocean's 8.
Scamming is made for the screen. In its more involved forms, scamming is basically a let's-put-on-a-show plot — costumes, characters, choreography — with the bonus of added thieving. Scammers steal from the susceptible and give to themselves, which is not how Robin Hood did things, but is a form of stylish self-interest that can feel like a karmic balancing of scales, when the target is right and when we're allowed to take vicarious pleasure in the process. There are all sorts of dark stories about grifting — The Grifters, the great 1990 Stephen Frears thriller, is the kind of viewing experience that leaves you in need of a Silkwood shower afterward. But when it comes to taking uncomplicated pleasure in scams, it's only blissful, light-on-their-feet fare — like 1973's The Sting, 2002's Catch Me If You Can, 2000's Nine Queens, and the Ocean's trilogy, whose women-led spinoff Ocean's 8 is now in theaters — that will do. It's only onscreen that scamming can exist in its purest and most guilt-free fantasy form, where the only ones who get hurt are the ones who deserve it.
That's why, maybe, when imitation heir Anna Delvey captivated the imagination of the internet earlier this month, one of the first impulses was to dream-cast her story for a screen adaptation that seemed not just desirable but inevitable. As it turns out, it was — on Friday it was announced that Shonda Rhimes, who'd already dipped a toe into con artist fantasies with her short-lived ABC show The Catch, would be bringing Delvey's story to streaming as the first series in Rhimes' landmark Netflix deal.
Dave Kotinsky / Getty Images
Anna Delvey (right) attends an event at the Jane Hotel on Sept. 9, 2014, in New York.
Onscreen, Delvey's saga — the crown jewel in what has been proclaimed a prime season for grifting, complete with T-shirts — can be buffed and honed into something neater. Maybe it'll become a satire of New York scenesterism, or a tale of the rise and fall of a gatecrashing antiheroine, or a dark comedy about a new American dream of wangling your way into building a "dynamic visual-arts center" with other people's money. It's onscreen where the less fun aspects of her tale — the inconvenient blips of collateral damage to victims who can't easily bounce back, like the Vanity Fair staffer who was saddled with a credit card bill amounting to more than her yearly salary, or the small businesses contracted for projects they were never paid for — can either be more fully contended with or smoothed away.
Real-world scams are almost never as discriminating in their fallout as we might like them to be. And yet somehow, in this summer of scamming, IRL grift is easily outpacing the current big-screen visions of cons, heists, hustling, and fraud for sheer escapist satisfaction. We've had the Albany dude who's appeared on TV passing himself off as a British expert on the aristocracy, the 21-year-old Londoner ordering $1,200 shots of rare whiskey and then skipping out on the bill in DC, and that fake Saudi prince in Miami. Recent dives into the corporate sagas of Theranos and Vice have made it clear that the difference between scamming and savvy business maneuvering is all in the eye of the investor. And of course there's Delvey, our lady of cons, who has reportedly been calling producers and performers from Rikers about who she wants playing her when her story is adapted.
In contrast, the movies right now are offering up a curiously unsatisfying slate of Ocean's 8, Solo, and American Animals. You know what a lady heist movie, a Star Wars space Western, and a docudrama about college students who break bad have in common, beyond their scam-adjacence? Whatever pleasures they offer, they're disappointingly uninterested in the glee of the grift; none of them manage to provide the kind of giddy thrill that the evening news has been supplying lately.
Sarah Paulson, Sandra Bullock, and Rihanna in Ocean's 8.
There is, for instance, just not enough scamming in Ocean's 8. It's a strange thing to have to say about a movie that gathers a group of glamorous women together for what is essentially a giant scam involving a diamond necklace, the Met Gala, and some desultory revenge on an ex. But it's true — Ocean's 8, which is produced but not directed by trilogy creator Steven Soderbergh (who was himself remaking a 1960 Rat Pack film), is a cozy hangout movie forced into the rough outline of a heist flick by the realities of Hollywood, where everything has to be a sequel, remake, or reboot. If gender-flipping an existing hit is what it takes to get Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, Anne Hathaway, Mindy Kaling, Sarah Paulson, Awkwafina, Rihanna, and Helena Bonham Carter in a feature together, so be it. But there's no denying that the heist and the general nods toward the earlier films come across like obligatory motions that must be gone through in order to showcase the cast in fab outfits and show them bonding over Tinder.
Helena Bonham Carter and Mindy Kaling in Ocean's 8.
There is one genuinely joyful sequence of scamming in Ocean's 8, and it's right at the start of the movie, after Debbie Ocean (Bullock) gets paroled from prison, exiting in the evening gown and heels in which she was arrested. She heads to Bergdorf, where she huffy-rich-ladies her way into getting the high-end goods she's shoplifting apologetically packaged up for her. She's carrying armfuls of filched items by the time she rolls up to a five-star hotel, snags a stranger's suitcase, and proceeds to skillfully secure herself a free room to relax in, all worn out from a day of short cons. It's a sequence about basking in luxury, and in the certainty that the best way to do so is to steal, because attempting to access such rarefied spaces and things by way of hard work is a rigged fool's game — and isn't that the reason we love stories about scammers in the first place?
But that scene also highlights the lack of gusto in the longer-form criminality that follows, a training-wheels version of a heist in which obstacles are overcome with exasperating ease, and in which the very limited instances of conflict get ironed out as soon as they crop up. Debbie in particular, who spent five years in prison devising a supposedly foolproof plan in which the first step involves finding and recruiting a famous fashion designer into a life of crime, never clicks together as a character after that opening scene. She may start the movie satisfying her own whims with purloined opulence, but she ends it paying obeisance to a character from the old trilogy, stuck in his shadow. Then again, another character in the movie offers an even less concrete motivation for her heist involvement — her lack of female friends.
The heist movie has been a mostly masculine tradition, and Ocean's 8 weirdly affirms that by being indifferent toward the sting at its center — like it's so intent on proving John Mulaney's "Ocean's 11 with women wouldn't work" bit wrong that it ends up overcorrecting and eliminating all suspense or dramatic tension. When the jeweler played by Kaling asks if they couldn't just go to the Met Gala instead of robbing it, you can imagine a chattier, funnier version of the movie relieved of its other obligations. And that, all in all, would likely have been more fun to watch.
Jonathan Olley / Lucasfilm Ltd.
Alden Ehrenreich and Joonas Suotamo in Solo.
There are fewer affirmations of friendship and more dramatic betrayals in Solo, but it also turns out to be a movie about a scammer that's not all that interested in scamming. Which is funny, given that it's the story of how Han Solo (Alden Ehrenreich) got to be the roguish reluctant ally of the original Star Wars trilogy, tracing him back to his early days as a street kid growing up in thrall to a local gang. Young Solo goes from an orphan trying to scam his way off the planet, to an Imperial soldier trying to scam his way out of the military, to a thief trying to scam his way out of debt to a crime syndicate. And yet it's always explained as a noble effort for his lover Qi'ra (Emilia Clarke), and he's never burdened with acting on his own behalf. Solo is more intent on confirming its hero's inherent hero-ness — that he is and has always been, as he's flat-out assured at one point, "the good guy."
This amounts to a defanging of the Star Wars universe's most beloved scoundrel, but it also makes for a movie that seems mostly apologetic about its acts of wrongdoing. Much has been reported about Solo's troubled production and subsequent box office failures, and whether audiences are already burned out on Star Wars. But watching the film, the clearest explanation for why it has disappointed is its general joylessness. Solo portrays its main character as a cocky, slum-educated scrapper who doesn't even grab a few cocktails when he finds himself at a plush gangsters' party, midway through the movie. It's no wonder that the hedonistic card-shark Lando Calrissian, played by Donald Glover with the lazy confidence and unapologetic sensuality of someone who has definitely boinked a droid, is such a scene-stealer — someone needed to have fun around here.
Donald Glover in Solo.
There is, at least, some fun to be had in American Animals, Bart Layton's fourth wall–breaking movie based on real crimes committed in 2004 by four Kentucky college students who attempted to steal rare books from the Transylvania University library. They're suburban guys with no significant criminal history, but they've watched some movies. (They come up with elaborate disguises, and they borrow a few of the aliases used in Reservoir Dogs.) They have a grand time going to New York to meet with a mysterious fence. But the point of the film, which intercuts footage of actors Evan Peters, Barry Keoghan, Blake Jenner, and Jared Abrahamson with periodic interviews with the actual people they're playing, is that the fun quickly evaporates as you confront the contrast between how these inexperienced kids imagine the heist will go versus the much messier, darker reality they face when they stop dreaming and actually act.
The characters in American Animals want to break out of the mundane lives to which they feel they've been consigned — as one character shouts, "Which fucking future are you worried about? The one that's fucking indistinguishable from everyone else's? Where you fucking beaver away to get the shit you're told you need to have by some fucking asshole who's going to tell you what a great big success you are once you get it all?" And yet when the fantasy of prepping for the big day gives way to having to hurt someone, and having to put yourself at risk of being caught, what becomes clear is that this is a movie about the fallout from and the harm done during a heist. It's a cleverly assembled movie, but for anyone in search of scam escapism, it's a tremendous buzzkill.
Evan Peters, Jared Abrahamson, Blake Jenner, and Barry Keoghan in American Animals.
Caper movies — the lighter ones, at least — tend to implicitly be in appreciation of and in service to movie stardom. The Sting is a tribute to Paul Newman and Robert Redford's nuclear-level combined appeal; Ocean's Twelve, the second and most indulgent installment of the trilogy, basically served as a way for its celeb-heavy ensemble to jaunt around Italy in some exceptionally picturesque ways. In 2009's Duplicity, Julia Roberts and Clive Owen play two rival spies gone private-sector who dream up a scheme to get rich after spending three days rolling around an (of course) five-star hotel room, and you root for them because they look fabulous, like they deserve to have the money because they've shown themselves to be terrific at spending it.
Any scammer is also inherently a kind of self-made star — you set the stage, you play a role. And then, at least in scam fantasies, you pull one over on someone who deserves it, either because they're rich, or they're bad, or they're conveniently both rich and bad. So there is something about Anna Delvey's relative normalcy — she does not look like a model, or a famous actor, or one of the sorts of royals whose antics get tracked in the tabloids — that stands as a contrast to the superhuman attractiveness of these glamorous scammers onscreen. That her story, in particular, nevertheless manages to hit the aspirational sweet spot that this summer's movies have not speaks to its subversive streak.
Delvey's scamming resonates because it does feel so imperfectly heroic, as she crashed through structures of wealth, brashly passing herself off as a member of the economic elite and demanding the leeway the elite are deferentially allotted. She did do some un-cinematic harm beyond party tabs and taking up rooms in hip downtown hotels. (Who knew they could be convinced to let you check in without so much as a credit card on file?) But it's balanced out by the degree to which what she did ended up highlighting the fundamental grift of income inequality, which is that when you already have money, or act like you do, other people are much more likely to give you more of it. And in making that point — where the summer's movies have whipped up different scams onscreen that feel respectively indifferent, overly earnest, or a shade too dark — this real-life story feels just right. It's watching someone decide that, because the game is rigged, they might as well cheat. ●
Alison Willmore is a critic and culture writer for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York.
Contact Alison Willmore at alison.willmore@buzzfeed.com.


2018 Honda Fit Sport Review: So Where's the Performance Upgrade?
Looks 'sporty' but where's the performance upgrade?
Only a handful of subcompact cars available today can legitimately be considered sporty, and none of them are the Honda Fit. But that hasn't stopped Honda from trying to make its entry-level model look a little more fun with the addition of a new Sport trim for the 2018 model year.
Despite its name, the newest member of the Fit family doesn't come with any performance upgrades: The Sport trim is purely an appearance upgrade that adds black wheels, a chrome tailpipe, a subtle body kit and a black interior with orange trim.
The 2018 changes leave the car's fundamentals alone, so it continues to use a 1.5L four-cylinder engine whose power (130 hp and 114 lb-ft of torque) is adequate for the car's lightweight construction, but certainly won't foster any illusions of sporty performance.
While the subcompact class in general has added a lot of refinement over the last few years, the Fit still feels very much like a small car in the way it goes over the road.
Handling is fun, but the ride is firm, and there's a lot of road noise and (with the manual transmission at least) engine noise in highway driving, despite Honda's assertion that it tweaked the suspension and added sound insulation for 2018.
It's not that time has been unkind to the Honda Fit, but the passing of years has been kinder to its competitors.
A tall profile means the Fit gets blown around a lot in the wind, another knock against this hatchback in long-distance driving.
The engine is well suited to the six-speed gearbox with its closely-spaced ratios and light shift action. That said, the automatic transmission helps keep engine noise down at expressway speeds and, as we mentioned up top, it comes with the adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, automatic braking and lane-departure warning with lane-keeping assist features bundled under the Honda Sensing banner.
Inside, the Fit retains the smart design that allows it to offer passenger and cargo space to rival small crossovers: The back seats can be folded down or flipped up, and a low floor enabled by locating the gas tank under the front seats means the Fit can carry surprisingly large cargo with the back seats out of the way.
This remains the Fit's strongest selling point, along with fuel consumption estimates of 7.6/6.5 L/100 km (city/highway), which our test car actually beat in averaging 5.5 L/100 km in highway driving.
Maybe we're just getting old, but despite many valid reasons to recommend the Fit to anyone looking for an affordable small car (the nicely-equipped LX trim starts at less than C$19,000), almost anything else in the entry-level class feels more grown-up.
How little the Fit has matured in its decade on the North American market is reinforced by the Civic's 2016 redesign, which turned that former economy car into what feels like a luxury sedan by comparison.
Chris has been writing professionally about cars since 2004, in print and online. He lives in Ottawa with his wife and two feline tyrants. In rare quiet moments, he can be found travelling or playing one of his way-too-many guitars. Chris is also a journalist member of the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada (AJAC).


You all remember Arthur from PBS in the '90s. It was the adorable cartoon about Arthur, an anthropomorphized aardvark and his family. Arthur was one of those perfectly parent-approved shows that you put on so they thought you were watching "educational TV," but now that we look back on it, Arthur was pretty edgy. In fact, this little show was hitting us with some real truths about life, and we didn't even realize it!
1. When you try to be nice to a frenemie, and she's still the worst.
2. When someone leaves a mean comment on your selfie.
3. When your coworkers judge what you eat for lunch.
4. When you're tired of reading everyone's political rant on Facebook.
5. When you try a weird food, and it doesn't go well.
6. When you grow up and realize nothing is free anymore.
7. When it's really all about the simple things.
8. When your phone breaks, and you have to use your old iPhone 3s.
9. When your roommate's BFF decides to weigh in on your breakup.
10. When work finally gives you an expense account.
11. When people just don't understand how valuable you are to their lives.
12. When the world just doesn't make sense.
13. When that juice cleanse did NOT work as quickly as you wanted it to.
14. When we have all this technology, but you still have to sit in traffic.
15. And finally, when you realize this whole adulting thing is pointless.


text:
Heather McKay
Home/All News/McKay Relives Major Career Moments
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McKay Relives Major Career Moments
By RJ Mitchell
Speaking shortly after her 80th birthday, British Open legend Heather McKay has taken a trip down memory lane to provide squash fans with a unique and insightful look back at her record 16-year reign at 'The Wimbledon of Squash' between 1962 and 1977.
The Australian legend has also provided a fascinating assessment of how recent results at the top of the women's game at the World Championships could impact in Hull this week.
McKay has also revealed how she would approach the defence of her title if she was in the squash shoes filled by reigning champion Nouran Gohar ahead of her attempt to retain the title she won in 2019 at the Allam Sport Centre, where she will also begin her campaign to hold onto the oldest major squash championship on Tuesday.
McKay's own unsurpassed longevity, which spanned two decades and garnered her the first women's World Championship title in 1979, was built on a fierce affection for the sport she loved and played as an amateur for 14 of her 16 years as British champion.
"I can remember that first trip to England for my first British Championships clearly," said McKay.
"I played Fran Marshall in the final of the Scottish and lost that match in five and that was the first tournament of the trip. Then I played her in the final of the North of England and I won that match 3-1 and then we met in the final of the British and I came out on top in straight games.
"It was a big challenge as in the UK they used a slightly different ball, which was a bit bouncier to what we had back home, and the British was played at the Lansdowne Club which had a swimming pool next to the show court, that made conditions very different to what I was used to in Australia, believe me.
"But I was very lucky on that trip as a lady called Janet Shardlow and her husband met me off the plane and they looked after me for the full eight weeks of that tour, and every time I came back to the UK I stayed with them and I called Janet my second mum, she was just so good to me."
When it came to the fundamentals behind her dominance, McKay said: "It would have to be the love of the game. We were amateurs most of my time in squash and my husband was also involved in the sport and we played together and had a common interest.
"When I started, I had no idea I would stay around for that length of time I did, and many people used to ask me: 'When are you going to retire?' Well, I always answered: 'When I don't enjoy the game.'
"It was always a challenge and I challenged myself all the time to be the best I could be, the fittest I could be and to prepare myself for any major tournament coming up to the best of my ability, and my husband Brian certainly made sure I did that.
"I think one of my biggest assets was that I had power but also accuracy as well and I think that was a huge plus, but my movement around the court was also a strength of mine and I trained to make sure that was the case while also doing weights.
"I did do some interval training but not 400metres and I was one of the first squash women to do weight training certainly."
McKay was also quick to cite the importance of the motivation provided by a group of players who forced her to dig deep, saying: "There were about three or four girls who I would class as my main rivals. Certainly, Anna Craven-Smith, Fran Marshall. Also, Jenny Irving, who was another Australian and although I only played her in one British final, she was the type of player who you never had the match won against until you had won the last point, she just never gave up. There was another Australian called Marion Jackman, who I also beat in the '76 World Open final.
"People always used to say that: 'You win 3-0 all the time.' but I worked very hard to make sure that was the case, and they didn't realise just how hard I worked in these three games, if I hadn't been as fit as I was it would have been a different outcome."
The burgeoning rivalry between defending British Open champion Nouran Gohar and World Champion and World No.1 Nour ElSherbini looks set to intensify at this week's tournament and this battle for global supremacy has not escaped McKay.
McKay had an interesting take on how she would approach the defence of one of her 16 British titles and offered valuable advice to reigning champion Gohar, while also qualifying the importance of El Sherbini's victory over the World No.2 in last month's World Championship final.
McKay said: "Without a doubt, if you are the British Open champion there is pressure, but if you are the champion, it does give you a bit of confidence as well. I know that may be a contradiction, but if you are coming in as defending champion then you know you have been there and you have done it.
"So if you have prepared yourself well you have got to go in there with a certain amount of confidence as defending champion.
"The other side of that is that if you have had a win over your main rival the last time you met it has to help you, but I think you have to forget about that as every match is a new match and completely different as things change over three or four weeks.
"So, her [Gohar's] best approach is to forget about what happened last time and concentrate on the match in hand."
Focusing her mind on how she would approach a tilt at the title she made her own between 1962 and 1977, McKay said: "I took it one point at a time. I was always a bit nervous before I got on the court, but as soon as I got on there, I settled in pretty quickly, but I really did play every point at a time.
"In those days the scoring system was hand-in, hand out, so if I was serving, I was bit more aggressive and if I received, I was more conservative and played a more basic type of squash. In that respect I was conscious of adapting my game, but apart from that I took every point as it came.
"Today there seems to be more pressure on the players. In my time there was pressure, but having been an amateur for 14 of the 16 years I was British champion and not having to earn my living by winning all the time, that took a lot of pressure off.
McKay has given her thoughts on the Nouran Gohar (left) and Nour El Sherbini (right) rivalry.
"Every time they go on court today's players have to win to continue on, and that must be tough for the lower-ranked players. But when I started, I didn't have too many nerves at all. That said, by the time I finished I did feel the pressure."
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