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Victoria A. Kazmerski
Associate Professor, School of Humanities & Social Sciences (Behrend)
Dive into the research topics where Victoria A. Kazmerski is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
11 Similar Profiles
Repetition Priming Medicine & Life Sciences
Scalp Medicine & Life Sciences
Reaction Time Medicine & Life Sciences
Teaching Medicine & Life Sciences
Memory Medicine & Life Sciences
COR V2: Teaching observational research with multimedia courseware
Blasko, D. G., Kazmerski, V. A. & Torgerson, C. N., May 2004, In: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers. 36, 2, p. 250-255 6 p.
Sampling Strategy
Saying what you don't mean: Social influences on sarcastic language processing
Katz, A. N., Blasko, D. G. & Kazmerski, V. A., Oct 2004, In: Current Directions in Psychological Science. 13, 5, p. 186-189 4 p.
ERP and behavioral evidence of individual differences in metaphor comprehension
Kazmerski, V. A., Blasko, D. & Dessalegn, B. G., Jan 1 2003, In: Memory and Cognition. 31, 5, p. 673-689 17 p.
Metaphor Comprehension
Individual Differences
Working Memory Capacity
Scaffolding students from knowing to applying: Using COR to teach observational research methods
Torgerson, C. N., Blasko, D., Kazmerski, V. A. & Cornwell, J. A., Dec 1 2003, In: Interactive Multimedia Electronic Journal of Computer - Enhanced Learning. 5
Teaching Observational Research in Introductory Psychology: Computerized and Lecture-Based Methods
Kazmerski, V. A. & Blasko, D. G., Oct 1999, In: Teaching of Psychology. 26, 4, p. 295-297 3 p.
teaching research

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Todd S. Bissell, A Professional Law Corporation, is a Personal Injury Law Firm located in Folsom, that specializes in truck and motorcycle accidents. Attorney Todd S. Bissell has practiced personal injury law for nearly 30 years.
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Tell The Other Driver That You Are "Okay"
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Will Sacramento Injury Attorney Todd Bissell Oversee My Case?


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Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Rafael Grossi, left, is greeted by South Korean Foreign Minister Park Jin at the Foreign Ministry…
Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Rafael Grossi, left, is greeted by South Korean Foreign Minister Park Jin at the Foreign Ministry in Seoul, Thursday, Dec. 15, 2022. (Jung Yeon-je/Pool Photo via AP)
Seoul: UN agency to boost efforts to monitor N. Korean nukes
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — The head of the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency said Thursday his organization will push to bolster its capacity to verify North Korean nuclear activities and raise international awareness of the urgency of its weapons program.
Rafael Grossi, director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, made the comments during his meeting in Seoul with South Korean Foreign Minister Park Jin, according to the South Korean Foreign Ministry. Grossi flew to South Korea on Wednesday for his first trip to the Asian country since he took office in 2019.
During their meeting Thursday, Park appraised what he called IAEA's persistent efforts to convince North Korea to return to an international nonproliferation regime. Park said South Korea will coordinate with IAEA more closely to try to achieve North Korea's denuclearization, Park's ministry said in a statement.
Grossi sad IAEA will keep closely monitoring North Korean nuclear activities. He said IAEA will push to promote member states' awareness of the seriousness of the North's nuclear program while trying to strengthen capabilities to verify its nuclear activities, the statement said.
In remarks open to the media at the start of the meeting, Grossi said that "concerns around and about the nuclear program" of North Korea are among "so many important issues" that IAEA and South Korea are working on together.
During a separate meeting with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol earlier Thursday, Grossi said IAEA will make efforts to help curb North Korea's nuclear program while the South Korean leader called for IAEA's support for a push for North Korea's denuclearization, according to Yoon's office.
Worries about North Korea's nuclear arsenal have grown in recent months as the country has tested nuclear-capable missiles in a record pace and threatened the preemptive use of nuclear weapons. South Korean and U.S. officials have said for months that North Korea has been ready to perform its first nuclear test in five years.
In late October, Grossi said IAEA also saw preparations for a North Korea nuclear test. He said the test "would be yet another confirmation of a program which is moving full-steam ahead in a way that is incredibly concerning."
The IAEA has not had access to North Korean nuclear facilities since the country kicked out IAEA inspectors in 2009. The agency has said it uses satellite imagery and open source information to monitor developments in North Korea's nuclear program.
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Those things you do that work...Do those. You don't always need more!
Ok, this one gets me. This isn't an issue for everyone, but it is for many…enough to warrant a post.
Um…Don't give up?!!! You know all that stuff we just did for the last three months? Yup, do that…forever! This is only the beginning!
Just to be clear, I do get it. It's not an issue with the trainees; it's an issue with the industry. The health & wellness and fitness industries frame training like your dessert of the week instead of life tools that last forever.
If I can reach just one of you who may not see this difference clearly than this post will be worth it!
When you are doing meaningful things you can't stop doing them and still expect positive (or the same) results. That's as equally true in work, love, money management, and golf as it is in fitness and mind-body training.
And yet here we have a disconnect.
Imagine for a moment you just finished an immersive experience with each of the above - a golf coach, a money manager, your boss. You've been through a process that taught you the rules of the game as well as best practices and you've seen improvements in performance. Perhaps you've even learned the principles that underlie the tools, so that you're able to rework or reformat your own path a bit. What should you do going forward?
Well…do that! Keep doing it! Do those very things. And don't give up!
I'm not suggesting we don't make improvements and seek optimizations, but I am saying that if you're not identifying prime movers – if you're not learning to hit your 7-iron from everywhere on the course – you're never going to be competent in that domain, and with that, never going to feel confident in your health and fitness game.
The fitness industry today is fraudulent in this sense; peddling training options like they are new film releases you've got to check out or risk feeling like you're not in-the-know. You don't need the varieties suggested. You don't need to 'diet'. You don't need new workouts and exercises that target new body parts every week.
You do need to move, eat, and breathe right...the way us humans do.
You might want the variety, and that's just fine. But what you need is to cover the essence, to focus on the bare minimum of things that work - that ALWAYS work - because you're human, and that's what humans do to build muscle, burn fat, bend, move better, and release the mind of burdens.
If you're not yet sure what those 'essentials' are…give me a shout!
And if you do - Don't give up! Do those...forever.


Anne Parris got her start in the industry in 2012. A strong blogger with wide reach, Anne is a natural fit in her role at Apogee: coordinating incentives and recruiting affiliates. Finding relevant partners for Apogee's clients is right up Anne's alley and she brings keen insight into the affiliate mindset that will shape Apogee well into the future.


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What If There Was a Quid Pro Quo?
Hat tip The Hill
Yesterday, Ambassador to the EU Gordon Sondland testified in his opening statement that there was a quid pro quo as to a presidential call with President Trump and a White House visit in exchange for Ukrainian President Zelenskyy committing to investigating Ukraine's alleged involvement in the 2016 US election and investigating the Bidens. He also presumed that military aid was tied to the above commitment by Zelenskyy. The testimony went back and forth with Democrats and Republicans making their own arguments about Sondland's presumptions and the one thing that Trump said directly to him over the phone. "I want nothing. No quid pro quo".
To the media, Sondland's testimony was a "bombshell" Last night on ABC Evening News, David Muir and his correspondents highlighted Sondland's presumptions while explaining away what Trump actually said to Sondland, pointing out that this conversation occurred after the White House had become aware of the whistle blower's complaint. The media concluded that Trump was covering his backside. Meanwhilke, the headline caption on the TV screen was "Bombshell testimony". It was anything but.
At this point, it is pretty clear that the House will vote to impeach Trump, and the Senate will vote not to remove him. The Democrats seem to be pinning their hopes on some smoking gun that will show up proving there was a quid pro quo. So what if this is true? So what?
My own common sense tells me that in all likelihood, there was a quid pro quo. Trump did want Ukraine to investigate that country's alleged involvement in the 2016 election and he did want them to investigate the entire Burisma scandal, which includes having an unqualified Hunter Biden on its board of directors and Joe Biden's successful demand that the prosecutor investigating Burisma be fired if Ukraine wanted one billion dollars in aid.
In the case of Trump, Republicans point out that Ukraine got the aid, the phone call from Trump, and the meeting with Trump (at the UN) while no investigation was launched.
But let us assume that there was a quid pro quo. Is this not a common part of international diplomacy? For example, is there a quid pro quo when Trump conducts his diplomacy with North Korea? If Norea Korea halts its nuclear weapon program, the US will do this or that. Of course.
But Gary, you say: Trump wanted Ukraine to investigate Joe Biden, who is a front-runner for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020. Biden is his political rival.
True. But does that change things?
US foreign aid is hinged to the receiving country not being engaged in corruption, however vague that condition is. Ukraine is corrupt, as are many other countries receiving US aid. In return for our aid, they are supposed to at least demonstrate they are taking steps to fight corruption in order that they may be "certified". Often, that is a sham because it is deemed in our interest to continue aid to a particular country. When I worked with DEA in Thailand in the 1970s, that country was riddled with corruption-and still is. They get plenty of US aid. I could go on and on.
Part of the corruption angle in Ukraine is that they allegedly improperly engaged in meddling in out 2016 election. The controversy over Crowdstrike and DNC hacking, and whether it was done by Ukraine or Russia is a matter of dispute. It is not a matter of dispute that during the election, the Ukrainian ambassador to the US wrote an op-ed criticizing then candidate Trump. The Ukrainian embassy in Washington has confirmed that they were approached by a DNC operative during the campaign who tried to enlist their help in digging up dirt on Trump and Paul Manafort. Rightfully or wrongfully, Trump likely feels that he was the victim of a lot of dirty tricks during the election, and that Ukraine had a role. After all, a Ukrainian court issued a statement that there had been meddling by their country. So is Trump justified in asking Ukraine to investigate that matter? I think he is.
As to the more important matter of the Bidens, that is also a legitimate issue, and if Joe Boden gets the nomination, expect to hear much more about it in those campaign ads. Then-Vice President Biden traveled to Ukraine and demanded that the president fire the chief prosecutor-who was investigating Burisma, a company accused of corruption, which had put Hunter Biden on its board of directors though he had no qualifications for the post. Biden told the president that if the prosecutor wasn't fired within 6 hours, Ukraine would not get the aid it had been promised-some one billion dollars. Within 6 hours, the prosecutor was fired. How do we know all this? Biden bragged about it on tape while speaking before the Council on Foreign Relations. Of course, he left out the information about his son being on the board of Burisma and that Burisma was under investigation.
So let us assume the worst: Suppose Trump did have a quid pro quo that included an investigation of the Bidens, and let's assume he did it for purely political reasons. What is worse, the action of Trump in his phone call to Zelenskyy or Biden's demand to the previous Ukrainian president?
And here is another point: If Trump cannot ask for an investigation of Biden because he is a potential opponent in a future election, doesn't that give Biden-or anyone else in a similar position, literally, a license to steal? Is Biden immune from an investigation into his action simply because he is running for Trump's job? No.


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Sisters - Review
The Citizen Kane of Awful: Star Wars - The Phantom Menace
Features, Nostalgia, The Citizen Kane of Awful
Why The Modern Superhero Film Failed
Best Films Never Made #29: David Lynch/David Cronenberg's Return of the Jedi
Conor Morgan
A Beginner's Guide to...Hayao Miyazaki
Courtesy of: Lionsgate
Eddie the Eagle – Review
Whilst Eddie the Eagle may use every cliche in the book, and takes some major poetic licence for narrative's sake (the requirement of a qualifying distance, Hugh Jackman's entire character… ), Taron Egerton and co. capture the plucky underdog spirit of the man so well that you honestly don't care.
Even if you already know about Eddie, there's still plenty to enjoy; endearing central performances, consistent laughs and some bone-crunching crashes. It may not break any new ground (which can't be said of the ski jumpers), but it's a hard-hearted person who is left cold by Eddie's persistently positive story.
Much like the real Eddie Edwards, the film may not soar as high as loftier biopics, but it's a heartwarmer. Anyway, it's not about the winning, it's about the taking part.
CAST: Taron Egerton, Hugh Jackman, Keith Allen, Jo Hartley, Jim Broadbent, Christopher Walken
DIRECTOR: Dexter Fletcher
WRITERS: Sean Macaulay, Simon Kelton
SYNOPSIS: His lifelong dream is to compete at the Olympics, and Eddie Edwards isn't going to let anything stop that dream from coming true.
Eddie the Eagle – Review was last modified: April 1st, 2016 by Conor Morgan
biopicDexter FletcherEagleEddieEddie the EagleHugh JackmanOlympicsskisport filmTaron Egerton
I'm a University of Exeter film graduate, with a love of all cinema, but a particular interest in animation, surrealism, horror and film noir. I think Timothy Dalton was the best James Bond, and Robert Pattinson will be the greatest actor of his generation. But isn't yet. Twitter is @garconmoron, but I wouldn't expect too much from it.
Spencer – Review
Stardust – Review
Radioactive – Review
Rocketman and the Spirit of Forgiveness
Stephanie Watts
Rocketman – Review
Ben Flanagan


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Luiz Fernando Faria de Azevedo foi um político brasileiro do estado de Minas Gerais. Foi deputado estadual em Minas Gerais, durante o período de 1967 a 1975 (5ª e 6ª legislaturas), respectivamente pelo PSP e pela ARENA.

Foi também Ministro interino da pasta de Minas e Energia no governo Itamar Franco

Deputados estaduais de Minas Gerais
Ministros do Governo Itamar Franco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The news section is starting to look a little glum since it's nothing but no update -notices… Regardless, I'm a bit swamped with work right now, so there will unfortunately be no update this week. Even so, I wish a happy Halloween to those who celebrate it, and a solemn pyhäinpäivä to my fellow Finns!
Sorry, I'm a little sick at the moment, and have no energy for just about anything. Updates, and my health, will hopefully return next week!
I'll be going on a small vacation, and won't be able to update the comic this week. I'll see you next week with the regular updates again, unless I melt completely in this heat!
In other news, tomorrow we'll kick off the first ever Riverbound character popularity poll, so please look forward to that!
I'm really sorry, but this week's update will be moved for Thursday. My time-management skills failed me big time and I'm so behind on con prep for Tracon next week that I'll have to take all of today to catch up. I hope you'll understand!
Oh man, I'm super excited to announce new merch for Riverbound! It's only on preorder for now, but click here to see what's up!
We got a good deal on the products with my pal Anni from Transfusions, but just click on the Riverbound logo to see the new stuff!
Have you always wondered how the names in Riverbound sound like pronounced? Wonder no more, and hop over to the Cast-page!
I apologize for the poor sound quality, but for now this was the best I can do. Maybe one day I'll have money to hire someone to read these for me….
Sorry! I'm down with a cold, so there won't be a comic update for today! I'll try again tomorrow!
Anyway, advertisement has now been added to the website. If you could be so kind as to disable adblock for riverboundcomic.com, I'd really appreciate it!
The ads are through Project Wonderful, and should be SFW, but if you happen to spot something less savory there please let me know!
To the mothers of Riverbound as well as all mothers reading this! Love your children!


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California Gov. Jerry Brown Enters The Space Race. Seriously.
By T.LaDuke | Sep 15, 2018 1:00 PM ET
Space Cadet
"Ground Control to Jerry Brown, your moonbeam is dimming and you sound a bit down"
You know the saying "Only in America?" Well, sometimes that means only in California.
The Governor of America's largest state on Friday announced that they are entering the space race a mere 60 years after the Soviets fired one off with Sputnik in 1957.
Global warming or global cooling or is it climate change? JUST SAVE THE POLAR BEARS.
According to the San Francisco Chronicle…
The governor's announcement was made on the final day of the Global Climate Action Summit, which brought thousands of mayors, regional leaders, and corporate executives to San Francisco to motivate communities to do more to halt the planet's warming as Washington has disengaged.
Brown's office has begun partnering with Earth-imaging company Planet Labs of San Francisco to build a satellite to measure the heat-trapping pollutants in the atmosphere and identify their sources, officials said. A price tag for the satellite and a launch date have not been specified.
"With science still under attack and the climate threat growing, we're launching our own damn satellite," Brown said. "This groundbreaking initiative will help governments, businesses and landowners pinpoint — and stop — destructive emissions with unprecedented precision, on a scale that's never been done before."
They are launching their "own damn satellite." Have to give him style points.
This is a rallying cry for the people who have literally lost their minds over President Trump's announcement last year that the United States leaving the Paris climate accord.
Launching a satellite and getting 4500 people to attend a 3-day conference means they have some energy behind them.
Contrary to the often repeated phrase that 97% of scientists believe climate change is real and humans are the cause, the fact is, we just don't have enough data yet. That is ok.
This satellite along with the countless others currently gathering data might help gauge some things but this is clearly an attempt to rally the base of Jerry Brown and say that something is being done. Will the data truly be available for all to see and ascertain if what Jerry and the kids claim is true?
The way the progressives treat conservatives in Cali I have my doubts.
Also, consider that according to the SFC that some of those people attending this conference deserving of "pomp and pageantry" were…
News of California's satellite was among an abundance of pomp and pageantry on Friday when some of the week's biggest names took the stage, including musician Dave Matthews, former Secretary of State John Kerry and chimpanzee expert Jane Goodall.
*A musician whose tour bus dumped 800 pounds of human waste into a river.
* A former Secretary of State who might be negotiating with Iran right now which is kinda UnAmerican. Hey, Why Isn't Anyone Screaming About Logan Act Violations By John Kerry?
* And a chimpanzee expert.
Climate change experts one and all.
Thank You, Jerry Brown, for once again…..being you.
Tags: DAVE MATTHEWS GLOBAL CLIMATE ACTION SUMMIT GOV. JERRY BROWN SATELLITES


Welcome! I'm John Magnoski, a modern day renaissance man that loves to photograph architecture, people, industry and the natural world.
I specialize in capturing exquisite imagery for architects and interior designers, engineering and construction firms, hospitals, luxury real estate companies, industrial clients, and creative agencies.


The '90s nostalgia never ends. Now, young makeup aficionados are making themselves over as Bratz dolls. #BratzChallenge has over 38,000 posts on Instagram alone, where people are getting creative with their makeup palettes to mimic the doll's larger-than-life eyes and lips. While some are opting for a more realistic take on the iconic toys, others are drawing outside of the lines—literally—to create "saucer eyes" and "impossibly plump, glossy pouts" that go well beyond their own lash and lip lines, according to PAPER Magazine and Cosmopolitan. Unfortunately, the throw-back challenge isn't all pure content. Some have tried to imitate MGA Entertainment's less popular and more controversial dolls, like one that has vitiligo and another of Frida Kahlo that the Kahlo estate had removed from stores in Mexico.


Do you live in Cleveland? Then, Clevelandparkingtickets.com can be of your interest. This is the official website of the City of Cleveland Parking Violations Bureau and it provides accurate information about parking tickets and photo infractions. Additionally, you can learn about parking meters and how to join a fleet program.
Did you receive a traffic infraction? Do you need to pay parking fines? If that is so, you can visit Clevelandparkingtickets.com to pay parking fines online. You can also learn how to pay parking fines over the phone and to pay traffic tickets by mail, too. It is also possible to contest traffic tickets online and to find towed vehicles.
Many users stop by Clevelandparkingtickets.com to search for towed vehicles, pay parking fines and learn about parking violations in Cleveland. To sum up, whenever you need resources and information about parking violations, parking tickets and photo infractions, you can try this website out.


Find Coding, Proof-Reading and Related Clerk Jobs under this category. Coding, Proof-Reading and Related Clerk Jobs can be Telecommuting and can be performed remotely at least some part of the working time. Coding, Proof-Reading, and Related Clerks perform various administrative and clerical works including: converting information into codes, verifying and correcting proofs, and performing a number of miscellaneous clerical duties. Coding, Proof-Reading and Related Clerks work on a range of publications, including books, journals, newspapers, websites and other electronic resources. There are opportunities for Telecommuting, full and part-time flexible schedules. A degree in communications, journalism, or Language and proficiency with computers is usually required for this job.


When we talked about the resting cell membrane potential, we mentioned that they figured out the voltage of a neuron by sticking a microelectrode onto the membrane. We could study the generation of AP's in neurons with the information from these probes. Eventually someone thought it would be interesting to stick this into the sensory neuron of an ear so we could understand how the sensory neurons of your ear respond to VOLUME. The problem is there's not a lot of volunteers asking the researchers to stick these things into their body. Also, people will get mad if we do this on monkeys or even dogs, so in this study, it's placed in the sensory neurons of a moth. It doesn't matter if we study this in a moth, monkey or dog, it all works the same way.
The spikes are actual recordings from a sensory neuron in the ear of a moth. In (a) the sound level is very close to the minimum necessary to bring the neuron to threshold and initiate action potentials. In (b) the sound has been increased by 7 decibels, in (c) by 15 decibels, and in (d) by 23 decibels. A period of 100msecs is indicated for purposes of comparison; note how the number of spikes per unit of time increases as the sound level increases.
On the right: Each of these vertical blips is an Action Potential. In figure A, they play a very low volume sound and you could see a certain frequency of APs. In figure B they raise the volume and the frequency increases. In figure C they raise the volume more. The way our sensory neurons tell the intensity of sound (volume) is by the frequency of the action potentials they send. As the sound gets louder, the frequency increases. We know there's a limit to these action potentials because we just learned that neurons can fire off a maximum of 100 APs/second due to the refractory period. That's why if you're next to a jet engine plane, and another jet engine comes next to you, you're not going to be able to tell a difference because the stimulus is already maxing out the frequency of action potentials.
Hearing: If you could hear someone talking, that means the voice is loud enough to generate action potentials in the sensory neurons of your ear. If they raise their voice, that causes an increase in the APs to your brain. If they lower their voice into a whisper, the frequency decreases. If they lower their voice to the point where you can't hear them, then that means you're not even generating ONE action potential. So if you can't hear a sound, it doesn't mean there's no sound in the room, it means the sound is too soft for you to hear.
During a hearing test, they give you headphones and play sounds and ask you if you could hear it. If they play a sound a normal person should be able to hear but you can't, that means your hearing is not normal. This is the concept of a threshold stimuli. We know what a normal threshold sound is for a person to hear.
Light: The same goes for LIGHT. If your eyes are not able to see at the normal threshold of light, then your vision is not normal.
Touch: This includes touch too. If you're having a picnic on the grass and you notice an ant on your skin and you wonder how you didn't even feel it. That's because the weight of the ant is so light that it couldn't even trigger ONE action potential.
Whether it's the loudness of a sound or the brightness of light or touch, this is how sensory neurons work. Motor neurons work the same way as well.
Try this: Gently put your hands up under the desk. Now slowly try to lift it. Do you notice how your muscle is getting stronger and stronger? We increase the strength of our muscles by increasing the frequency of the AP's. The higher the frequency, the greater the intensity.


Bio: Michael Hancock was Book Reviews Editor for First Person Scholar since 2012 and is yet a PhD Candidate in English at the University of Waterloo. His academic interests include text and visual represetation in games, horror games.
Writing this editorial is, for me, a bittersweet occasion. Like the rest of the First Person Scholar old guard, I'm soon to be trading in my FPS credentials for a mortarboard, and as of September, the book reviews will be in the very capable hands of Chris Lawrence (and I can't wait to see what he does with them). I'd like to use this editorial to reflect on what book reviews as a section means, to my work at FPS, to game studies, and to academia and broader audiences at large.
First and foremost, though, I want to thank the reviewers, readers, and copy editors who labored to make these reviews possible. You've persevered in what's often at least figuratively a thankless task, and I'm grateful for the opportunity to have worked with all of you.
Every published book review seems like a minor miracle. Accessing the book itself is the first hurdle—and not an insignificant one, as academic publishers in particular see nothing out of the ordinary in pricing even an ebook copy of a 150-paged game studies book at $150 or up. Reading the book can be a big time commitment, before even considering the time necessary to sit down and write a coherent, thoughtful response. Some reviewers, understandably, are reluctant to present themselves as an authority on a given topic, even after reading the book. And—more on this later—academia doesn't value book reviews as much as other forms of writing, which makes it hard to recommend a review over an essay or commentary. Looking at FPS' post history, the numbers seem to reflect all of these difficulties—out of our 150 posts, twenty-four are book reviews, making it a relatively small part of our three main tiers.
But small doesn't mean insignificant, and small doesn't mean unimportant. To me, at least, the book reviews represent the fundamental tenets of FPS' goals as a middle-state publication.
That's a statement that's going to need some unpacking. First, FPS book reviews are valuable because, by and large, the established game studies journals aren't doing them. By my count—and I'm being conservative here—seventy-five books related to game criticism have been published since the beginning of 2014 (the number of game studies-related books published per year has been accelerating considerably in the past five years, but that's a discussion for another day). That number is just counting the academic presses, without even considering books that are self-published or from independent publishers, where some of the most interesting writing is happening. Since the beginning of 2014, FPS has published eleven reviews, which is, admittedly, a drop in the bucket at best. But it looks pretty good when you consider that number over the same period of time for Eludamos, Game Studies.org, GAME: The Italian Journal of Game Studies, Games and Culture, The International Journal of Game-Based Learning, International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, Journal of Game Criticism, Journal of Gaming and Virtual Worlds, Loading, and Simulation & Gaming publishing nine reviews combined, with no one journal publishing more than four. I'm not saying this to call out any of these journals—I of all people know how hard it is to find good people for book reviews, and I regularly go to each of these journals for their quality articles. But so much long form criticism isn't receiving the attention it deserves because no one knows it's out there; if FPS can serve in this capacity, it's service worth doing.
On a related note of knowing what's out there, FPS reviews are valuable because game criticism has a very short, very select memory. In the conclusion to Gaming at the Edge (a book I hope we'll be reviewing in the near future), author Adrienne Shaw discusses Manveer Heir's 2014 GDC speech on diversity in videogames. She concludes that the talk itself was welcome, but press coverage of it was frustrating, as the press tended to treat the concerns Heir raised as if women in the industry hadn't been raising similar concerns for years, only to be dismissed or threatened (208). Diversity in videogames is probably the most important example of gaming's selective memory, as Gamergate and other events have illustrated the real costs that can accrue for those who speak out. But there's a long list of other issues that we seem to continually recycle, often without acknowledging where the discussions have gone since their inception: games and art, formalist definitions of a game, and the never-ending yet somehow never-started narratology/ludology debate. Continually restating that videogames and game criticism is a new field does a disservice to those who have been pursuing these issues for years, especially in cases where their works have been dismissed or devalued. One of the goals of middle-state publishing, as FPS has pursued it, is to strike a balance between traditional academic models and the immediacy of newer forms. Immediacy is a hard target to hit with book reviews, but I've made it a goal of my section to encourage reviews of both newer, somewhat overlooked books and older books that warrant revisiting with new perspectives. Game criticism is always moving, which makes it imperative that we remember where we've been and where we want to go.
My third point: FPS reviews are valuable because different perspectives are valuable. One of the most common concerns reviewers I talk to have had is that they don't feel that they're enough of an authority on the sub-speciality in a given book to write a review. I do my best to argue against this perspective; if you have read a book, you're an authority on that book, especially to people who haven't read it. Outsider perspectives have their own value, as long as the reviewer is upfront in establishing her own background. There are limits to this view—I wouldn't ask someone who's never heard the term e-sports to review T. L. Taylor's Raising the Stakes, for example – but more often I think what limits the conversation is the idea that you need an unshakable authority on a game-related subject before you're permitted to an opinion. Personally, I think the academic view of the authoritative reviewer has parallels with the mainstream game culture notion of the objective videogame review: total objectivity and total authority are chimeras, and going too far in pursuit of either erases the subjectivity of the reviewer at hand, a subjectivity which is worth preserving. Game studies' interdisciplinary nature is usually presented as a strength—a reviewer with a perspective different from a book's author or editor should be thought of as a strength as well. If only specialists can review books, then books will be written only for specialists. This mentality has furthered the balkanization of the humanities and other academic fields because of specialization, which in turn contributes to the general public sense of academia being an inaccessible ivory tower. Part of middle-state publishing is a dedication to audiences beyond academia, and I think part of that is encouraging reviews from people who don't fit neatly into a book's intended audience. If you've got a well-argued opinion on an existing critique of videogames, we want to hear from you.
In fact, if there's anything I regret from my tenure as review editor, it's not going far enough to promote different perspectives. I wish I had dedicated more time to pursuing a wider diversity of reviewers, and, especially in the early days of FPS, I regret pushing reviewers to hit that formal, authoritative tone instead of pursuing their own voice and position. It's to that end that I've been very grateful for the review model pioneered by Elise Vist, as I think it really draws out the multitude of approaches that can be brought to bear on long-form criticism, asking what a given work meant to the reviewer's research, to the field, the classroom, and to the reviewer personally. These are questions worth asking. Most of all, though, I regret not stepping further out of the academic field in terms of the books themselves. I'm proud of how multidisciplinary the reviews are—we've got reviews about ethnography and sociology, genre and gender, games for health and game culture. There's some edging towards criticism outside of academia, but not enough. Further, I would have liked more reviews on things that blur the line of engagements with games entirely: gamebooks, game art books, longform criticism like Leigh Alexander's Lo-Fi Let's Plays. Chris will have his own vision of where the Book Reviews will go, but these are my own roads not traveled.
I have always considered the book review genre as a form of conversation in its own right. In my view book reviews are less interesting as forms of judgment or gatekeeping—of assessing a book as "worth reading," or determining virtues and flaws. All this can happen in book reviews, of course, but I contend that book reviews are, at their best, tools for conversation. They place books in various historical and scholarly contexts. They provide succinct, synthetic overviews of a book's argument, allowing busy scholars to learn the outlines of someone's research. They thereby place that research into conversation with broader communities of intellectual practice.
All of this points towards the value of the book review, and I agree with it entirely—the review is a tool for conversation, and one that grows better through continued use. But for every post in favor of book reviews, I can point to one that argues the opposite (Kelsky), that any time spent on a book review is time spent on something that has low academic value, and time away from your own writing. The latter argument is part of the objective review notion; to say that a book review is not the reviewer's own writing is to erase the reviewer's presence in the review, to reduce the review to an evaluative exercise. To say that a review is not part of a scholar's, or anyone's own writing is insulting, or at the very least, reductive. By placing the review on equal footing with our other sections, FPS is restoring the conversational aspect of the book review, rhetorically presenting a model counter to traditional academic models. Presenting alternative models is an essential—maybe even the essential—part of middle-state publishing.
We've frequently been told at FPS that pushing against the established academic model is idealistic. But this isn't idealism. It's pragmatism. It's survival. We graduate students, in game studies and the humanities in general, are frequently being trained for positions that don't exist (Yachnin and Yetter). So we need to create our own spaces to exist, to construct our own systems of value that offer alternative perspectives. That doesn't necessarily mean working against the existing system, or working to undermine it. But it does mean being open and willing to explore alternatives, and that exploration sums up the best of my experiences at FPS.
Granted, book reviews are, at times, just a very small part of that exploration.
But small doesn't mean insignificant, and small doesn't mean unimportant.
¹ I had a hard time tracking the quotation down, to be honest—I mention this because a Google search of "Tom Boellstorff book review" didn't turn up the post, but did turn up the FPS review of Boellstorff's ethnography handbook on the first page. Reason 1b on why FPS reviews are valuable: the scarcity of game studies reviews and open access journals featuring reviews means that virtually all of our reviews become prominent voices on the books in question by default.
Boelstorff, Tom. "The Book Review as Conversation." The Geek Anthropologist. 27 Apr 2015. Web. 21 Jul 2015.
Heir, Manveer. "Misogyny, Racism, and Homophobia: Where do Video Games Stand?." Game Developers Conference 2014. Monscone Center, San Francisco, CA. Mar 2014, GDC Vault 2014. Web. 21 Jul 2015.
Kelsky, Karen. "The Professor Is In: Is Writing a Book Review Ever Worth It?". Chronicle Vitae. 4 Aug 2014. Web. 21 Jul 2015.
Shaw, Adrienne. Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture. Minnesota UP, 2014. Print.
Yachnin, Paul, and Leigh Yetter. "The future of the humanities." Policy Options. Nov 2014. Web. 21 Jul 2015.


Superior Forger had the most liked content!
Forge, Demo, Mario Kart Remakes, Halo, Battlefield, COD, Assassins Creed, Hogan's Heroes, Everybody Loves Raymond, That 70s Show, American Dad, The Hobbit, Lord of the Rings, The Matrix, Harry Potter, Starwars, Back to the Future, American Pie, Nerds, Cycling, Running, Swimming, Water Volley ball, Billiards Pool, Shooting hoops, & watching Football with my family.
I'm sound proofing my car next weekend, then in a few months I'm going to install a 15inch sub and down fire it into the empty spare tire compartment of my 2014 KIA SOUL! I probably wont need the two twelves anymore, anybody want to buy them? It's simple, two twelve inch subs with box and 360 watt amp. But has a pretty good kick! I just want to feel a harder thump!!!


the interface is straight-forward. In the top right corner is a button for turning on the flashlight/torch, and across the bottom are buttons for detecting text, copying text to the clipboard, and reading the text out loud again. There is no menu icon, and there don't seem to be any app settings.
•	Turn on the flashlight (if necessary).
•	Center your phone's viewfinder over the printed page.
•	Tap the Detect Text button. Recognition is fairly quick. If nothing happens after a second or two, tap the screen again.
Once text is recognized, it is read automatically. If you want it to be repeated, tap the Speak Again button, and if you want to save it, tap the Copy button, then use TalkBack's editing menu to paste the text into a notepad app.
This app's OCR results are great, but the key is to position your camera right. I was sitting in my office at school going through junk mail. If I positioned the camera by putting my elbow on the table next to the printed page and holding my hand up in the air, results were very good, almost as good as the Eye-D app by GingerMind Technologies. With Eye-D, recognition was pretty good even if I didn't keep the camera level; with Textifi, recognition was great if I held the camera right, but results were bad if I wasn't careful.


text:
"The Nation Sings." Music Master of the Middle West: The Story of F. Melius Christiansen and the St. Olaf Choir, by LEOLA NELSON BERGMANN, NED - New edition ed., University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1944, pp. 168–180, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv8v6.14. Accessed 16 Jan. 2021.
BERGMANN, L. (1944). The Nation Sings. In Music Master of the Middle West: The Story of F. Melius Christiansen and the St. Olaf Choir (pp. 168-180). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Retrieved January 16, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv8v6.14
BERGMANN, LEOLA NELSON. "The Nation Sings." In Music Master of the Middle West: The Story of F. Melius Christiansen and the St. Olaf Choir, 168-80. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1944. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv8v6.14.


text:
Sigismund Kęstutaitis, död 1440, var en litauisk regent. Han var regerande storfurste av Litauen 1432–1440. Han var medregent till sin bror och brorson.

Se även
 Lista över Litauiska storfurstar

Referenser

 Vytautas Spečiūnas, ed. (2004). "Jaunutis". Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. ISBN 5-420-01535-8.

Födda 1365
Avlidna 1440
män
Litauens regenter


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Thanks, Eduard, I will try it later this day.
Forgot to say: Indeed, *Pass* rule will place packets into related queue but it will break traffic.
ACME challenge fails for "webroot local folder" method because no web server is listening on HTTP 80.


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Working on ships has a certain amount of advantages...the cabin views are one of them !


text:
Filed 4:53 p.m.
What Harper Lee Got Right
"Go Set a Watchman" puts the "white savior" notion in its place.
By Gilbert King
There's a moment about halfway into Harper Lee's "Go Set a Watchman" when Jean Louise Finch discovers among the papers of her father, Atticus Finch, a racist pamphlet with a drawing of an "anthropophagous Negro" on the cover, below the title, "The Black Plague." Holding it like a "dead rat by the tail," she deposits the pamphlet in the kitchen's garbage can. In that moment, she discards, too, the literary trope of Atticus Finch as white savior. But Jean Louise's evening is about to get much worse.
As the sun begins to set, she climbs to the Jim Crow balcony of the Maycomb County, Alabama courtroom, where she and her brother Jem, years before, had watched their father defend an innocent black man in a rape case. Only this time, 26-year-old Jean Louise witnesses a meeting of the Maycomb County Citizens' Council — filled with "ignorant, fear-ridden, red-faced, boorish, law-abiding, one hundred percent red-blooded Anglo Saxons." And there, among Maycomb County's "trash," sits Atticus Finch. He's on the council's board of directors, and alongside her father is Henry Clinton, the young law student who's been courting her (Atticus has taken him under his wing). Jean Louise soon learns that Henry is one of the council's "staunchest members."
Surely, Jean Louise hopes, it's all a mistake. The two men are merely "pulling something," in attendance only "to keep an eye on things." What follows is a rude awakening for the doting daughter still known around Maycomb as "Scout." She watches as another member, Grady O'Hanlon, "there to uphold the Southern Way of Life," rises to speak. Sick and trembling, Jean Louise listens as O'Hanlon denigrates blacks with an assortment of vulgarities and references to their sub-human characteristics, insisting that "no niggers and no Supreme Court was going to tell him or anybody else what to do…"
At the heart of "Go Set a Watchman" is the obvious but unnamed landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown v. Board of Education, that ultimately resulted in the desegregation of public schools. The elephants in the room in this book are Thurgood Marshall and his fellow NAACP lawyers who brought the segregation case before the highest court in the United States.
Later in the story, Jean Louise confronts Atticus on his views, and father and daughter have it out on the topic of race in the pre-civil rights era.
Harper Lee on the porch at her parent's home in Monroeville, Ala. in 1961.
Donald Uhrbrock/LIFE Images Collection, via Getty Images
Perhaps even more sad than his views on race in this book (which should be no shock to anyone aware of the South's reaction to the Brown decision), the great white savior Atticus Finch is ultimately exposed as a rube lawyer — exactly the kind Marshall took special delight in destroying in the higher courts. Finch complains about NAACP lawyers who wait around for "some felony committed by a Negro against a white person." In truth, there were so many instances of blacks being falsely accused of felonies against whites and such limited resources at the NAACP that the organization selected only the strongest cases to defend.
Finch goes on to explain to his daughter that the NAACP lawyers in these cases "raise every legal trick in their books." Two such "tricks," Finch describes, are that the NAACP attorneys "demand Negroes on the juries," and try to "force the judge into error" so that they can appeal to federal courts where the "cards are stacked in their favor."
Imagine that. The NAACP lawyers had the nerve, according to Atticus Finch, to practice law in adherence to the U.S. Constitution. Pay no attention to the biased judges, the rampant prosecutorial misconduct, the incessant perjury by law enforcement officials, and the all-white juries that effectively stacked the cards against blacks at every level of the criminal justice system in the Jim Crow South. The real victims in these cases, according to Finch, are the white southern judges who suffered the rare misfortune of having their rulings scrutinized by the U.S. Supreme Court — the last resort, and the only level playing field the NAACP had at its disposal. Thurgood Marshall and his lawyers therefore had the temerity to employ "tricks" such as constitutionally protected due process and equal protection rights to save the lives of their clients.
In one such case, Shepherd v. Florida, the 1951 death-penalty case that is the subject of my book, "Devil in the Grove," Marshall appeals the guilty verdicts of two young black men convicted for raping a white woman and sentenced to die in the electric chair. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court, prompting Justice Robert Jackson to write, in the court's per curium decision to overturn the Lake County, Florida verdict, that the convictions "do not meet any civilized conception of due process of law," adding, "the case presents one of the best examples of one of the worst menaces to American justice."
Jackson also addresses another important aspect of race in the Shepherd case, writing, "The only chance these Negroes had of acquittal would have been in the courage and decency of some sturdy and forthright white person of sufficient standing to face and live down the odium among his white neighbors that such a vote, if required, would have brought."
In essence, Jackson recognizes that the scales of justice are tipped so heavily against blacks that even the first-rate legal counsel of Thurgood Marshall and his associates from the Legal Defense and Educational Fund would not be enough to overcome the entrenched system of white supremacy in the courtrooms of the American South.
Later on in "Go Set a Watchman," Henry Clinton tries to justify his membership in the Maycomb County Citizens' Council to Jean Louise. "Have you ever considered that men, especially men, must conform to certain demands of the community they live in simply so they can be of service to it?" Jean Louise remains unmoved, and Henry grabs her by the shoulders. "I've got to live here, Jean Louise. Don't you understand that?"
Heartbroken, the daughter of Atticus Finch sees that the man who wants to marry her will never be that "sturdy and forthright white person" Justice Jackson describes — the man her father once seemed to be.
"How can you live with yourself?" Jean Louise asks Henry, to which he replies, "It's comparatively easy. Sometimes I just don't vote my convictions, that's all."
The scene is reminiscent of another young Alabama lawyer, Hugo Lafayette Black, who joined the Ku Klux Klan in the early 1920s under the assumption that it would help him get elected to the Senate, which it did in 1926. A decade later, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed him to the U.S. Supreme Court, Black was forced to acknowledge his past and denounce the klan in an unprecedented 1937 radio address to the nation. He was friendly with both Jews and Catholics, he asserted, and he counted among his friends "many members of the colored race." Black had resigned from the white-supremacy group before ever using his klan card, he assured the American public, and, after effectively putting the matter to bed, he would go on to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court for another 34 years.
In "Go Set a Watchman," Jean Louise has a lengthy discussion with her father, who rails against the Brown decision and asks if she's ready to have blacks (who are, he says, "still in their childhood as a people") in "our world." The NAACP, Finch claims, "is trying to wreck us," and the Council, he insists, "is our only defense."
It's important to remember that Atticus Finch is a fictional character created by Harper Lee, and that "Go Set a Watchman" is believed to be an early draft version of "To Kill a Mockingbird" that Lee chose not to publish for more than 50 years. The Atticus Finch of "Watchman" is certainly more ambiguous and complex than the lawyer in "Mockingbird," and Lee's editorial choices as writer (along with the guidance and suggestions of her editor) do not merit the kind of intense character scrutiny owed to, say, William H. Rehnquist. In 1952, while a clerk for Associate Justice Robert Jackson when the court was considering Brown v. Board of Education, Rehnquist wrote in a memo that the court's 1896 "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson "was right and should be affirmed." Later, Rehnquist's state of mind as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, unlike the state of mind of the fictitious Atticus Finch, had real legal and social consequences in America.
In "Go Set a Watchman," Harper Lee seems to be on the verge of recognizing the contributions not of white saviors like the Atticus Finch of "To Kill a Mockingbird," but of men like Thurgood Marshall, who often picked up where the Atticus Finches of America failed in court, saving the lives of innocent men. Jean Louise opines to her father that the South should have tried to work with blacks instead of running from the Brown decision and ultimately resenting the government. "I think we deserve everything we've gotten from the NAACP and more," she tells him.
Or perhaps, had Harper Lee continued to write, Atticus Finch might have had an awakening in later years, as Justice Hugo Black did when he went on to become one of the staunchest supporters of civil liberties on the Supreme Court. The former klan member listened to Thurgood Marshall's argument in Chambers v. Florida, the landmark ruling in 1940 that involuntary confessions are inadmissible in court. Black was moved to write the unanimous opinion, and his own closing lines often left him "wiping away tears" whenever he read them aloud:
Under our constitutional system, courts stand against any winds that blow as havens of refuge for those who might otherwise suffer because they are helpless, weak, outnumbered, or because they are non-conforming victims of prejudice and public excitement. Due process of law, preserved for all by our Constitution, commands that no such practice as that disclosed by this record shall send any accused to his death. No higher duty, no more solemn responsibility, rests upon this Court, than that of translating into living law and maintaining this constitutional shield deliberately planned and inscribed for the benefit of every human being subject to our Constitution-of whatever race, creed or persuasion.
Living, breathing men like Hugo Black and Robert Jackson recognized that Thurgood Marshall and other civil rights lawyers and advocates were risking their lives in pursuit of constitutional equality. They also recognized that as justices on the nation's highest court, there was no higher duty than to identify and act on the injustices that came before them.
In the heat of the Brown battle, a fatigued Marshall once remarked to an associate, "sometimes I get awfully tired of trying to save the white man's soul."
The battle was so daunting, Marshall needed all the white saviors he could find.
Gilbert King is the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of "Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys and the Dawn of a New America."
Tags: →KKK →Thurgood Marshall →Jim Crow →NAACP →Harper Lee →Brown v. Board of Education →Race →Racism →Ku Klux Klan →History


This Colored Salt Snow Art is the perfect addition to our winter art for kids. It is a process art project that kids of all ages will enjoy! Grab some snow and let's start creating!
Ever since co-writing The Undeniable Power of Play I have realized just how often play-based learning is in our crafts for kids! We love using our homemade colored salts in sensory bins, but today we decided to do something new!
The first snow day we got in Kentucky, this year, was perfect light and fluffy snow. I had been looking forward to trying some of the ideas I read here to play and learn with snow.
The only problem was my oldest was sick. The last thing I wanted was to have him running around in the snow. This was a big bummer for him so I had to find a way to bring the snow inside… I started mixing up some homemade colored salts and we started to get creative.
Check out the quick tutorial for making colored salts!
Homemade Colored Salt. As many colors as you want! I used table salt and a little bit of kosher salt for these.
Any Pan with a Lip.
White Cardstock. Cut small enough to fit in your pan.
Check out these quick step by step instructions for creating colored salt snow art. Then watch it all in action in the video below.
Place a sheet of cardstock in a pan, add snow, then let your little ones sprinkle on their colored salts.
Overnight might be best. I placed mine in a sunny window!
Related Project: Amaze your kids with another snow STEAM project!
When they are entirely dry you can shake off, dust off, or brush off the remaining salt. This part was pretty fun too, but a bit messy so make sure to do it over a table or sink.
Once the salt is gone, you'll reveal the beautiful picture a really exciting process!
No two colored salt snow art pictures will be alike!
They are just beautiful and while creating them you can talk about so many things from why the salt melts the snow to the colors that blend together to make new colors.
All 3 of us (ages 3,8, and 32) really enjoyed the process. I am sure you will too! You have to love a winter snow day activity that you can do inside!
Check out this winter snow day activity in action in our video!
Pin this colored salt snow art to your favorite Pinterest board.


text:
Nasir El Kasmi (born 2 October 1982) is a retired German-Moroccan footballer who played as a midfielder. He made two appearances for the Morocco national team.

Career
El Kasmi was born in Wuppertal, Germany. He spent two seasons in the Bundesliga with Bayer 04 Leverkusen and MSV Duisburg he only played in league games for Duisburg, however, playing in one DFB-Ligapokal game for Bayer). He also holds German citizenship.

References

External links

Living people
1982 births
Association football midfielders
Moroccan footballers
Morocco international footballers
Bayer 04 Leverkusen players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen II players
MSV Duisburg players
Holstein Kiel players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
German people of Moroccan descent


text:
Interpreting Love Narratives in East Asian Literature and Film
List of images, sound clips, and video clips — with external links
I. ABOUT THIS BOOK AND THIS COURSE
1. About this book
2. About this course
II. A THEORY OF INTERPRETATION FOR CROSS-CULTURAL READING
4. Interpreting data and code
5. Selection, Organization / Matching (SO/M)
6. SO/M, "the (cultural) world," and "horizon of expectation"
7. A closer look at patterns
8. Patterns with gravitational power
9. Patterns with time-leaps
10. Ending an interpretation
III. METHOD—ELEMENTS OF (COURSE) INTERPRETIVE PROJECTS
11. Dialogue, bounded dialogue, and emergent knowledge
12. "Love" as we will view it
13. Cultural contexts as worldviews, ethical values, and common practices (WV/CP)
14. Reconstructing culture through Theory of Mind (ToM) and narratives
15. Context pluralities and their importance
16. Arrays of cultural groups and their WV/CP
IV. METHOD—DESIGNING AND COMPLETING (COURSE) INTERPRETIVE PROJECTS
17. Building interpretive projects: Theory meets practice
18. Quick reference list of principles, rules, guidelines, and advice
19. Introduction: Rules, guidelines, advice, and the principles that govern them
20. Discursive rules and shared terminology for precision in communication
21. Limiting the scope of interpretive projects
22. Deducing (gathering) possible cultural contexts via plausible ToM construction
23. Achieving outcome credibility and interest
V. CULTURAL CONTEXTS—TRADITIONAL THOUGHT SYSTEMS IN EAST ASIAN LOVE NARRATIVES
24. Western cultural contexts
25. Early Greek philosophy
26. Judeo-Christian thought
27. Daoism, Confucianism, Buddhism – Overview
28. Ancient Chinese Cosmology, Daoism, and Daoist-like elements in East Asian love narratives
29. Confucianism in East Asian love narratives
30. Buddhism in East Asian love narratives
VI. GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Ordered & cross-referenced list of key words, phrases, abbreviations and main ideas
Films cited
Other works cited
Dynamics of cultural contexts ◆ Gathering cultural contexts ◆ Creating interpretive balance
Key terms and concepts introduced in this chapter:
no new terms are introduced in this chapter
Key terms and concepts mentioned in this chapter that should now be familiar:
horizons of expectation
interpretive projects
model reader / viewer
22.1. Naming the "dynamics" of cultural contexts and their influence
My thinking on the dynamics between *authoritative thought systems, such as Daoism, and what I initially just termed "Western" cultural sensibilities, has evolved on multiple fronts. The formal title for this course was originally "Dynamics of Romantic Core Values in East Asian Premodern Literature and Modern Cinema." I visualized "dynamics" as the tensions between traditional *East Asian *ethical values and imported Western *ethical values over the contested space of the meaning of a *narrative. My interest in "core" *values was because, in the world of *love, some of our strongest feelings and convictions are invoked. I wanted to problematize overly facile interpretations of *love that derived from being unaware of the reality of the diversity of ideas around what *love is, or due to the interpreter being reluctant to make distance with *values perceived as "core" to her or his own views of *love.
In the early versions of the course, we read at length in premodern literature (with an emphasis on The Tale of Genji, Story of the Stone, Nine Cloud Dream or, some years, Chunhyang). This helped give substance to abstract assertions by me with regard to premodern *values and had the further advantage of providing challenging interpretive situations that helped bring into relief how easy it is to misapply one's own assumptions as well as remain unaware of alternative ways of thinking about *love.
In the second half of the course we looked at contemporary *East Asian films and tried to take a measure of how viable traditional *values remained in them. I originally restricted students to cinema released after 2000 because of substantial improvements in the robustness of the South Korean film industry in the 1990s[1] including what is widely seen as a watershed moment with the success of Shiri in 1999[2] and, in the case of China, the overseas successes of "Chinese-language cinema" in the 1990s of Fifth Generation Beijing directors such as Zhang Yimou, Wang Kar-wai from Hong Kong, and Taiwan-born Ang Lee, as well as the complications of post-Tiananmen censorship, all which mark significant changes in film content[3] and target audiences.
Cinema was, in the early days, less prominent as a functional component of the course, one that was meant only to explore how traditional *values might alter when a director or marketing entity wished to distribute a film that would include an international audience. The assumption here was that films succeed in part when the *values of the audience are not unduly challenged and that, in the case of *East Asian films, directors are confronted with the conundrum of pleasing a domestic audience with one set of *values and international audiences with other cultural expectations. Frankly, I think internet culture (including the wide and illegal distribution of films) has flattened cultural differences among young people on the one hand and changed marketing strategies on the other. So, while this particular utilitarian reason has become less important, unexpectedly film narrative became central to the course because its rich, multimedia content proved best for *interpretive projects. It must be admitted, however, that the *values in films are often a hodge-podge collection of various *values of which the director may or may not be fully aware or spend much time thinking about. This complicates matters but it is wonderfully well aligned with realworld challenges in reading the cultural contexts of a situation.
While the above more or less describes the start point of the course in its original iteration, I began to create a set of terms around "dynamics" so we could better define what was going on. This was how terms became central to the course. As I worked out the "dynamics" of how cultural contexts did or did not influence someone at any given particular moment, I began to understand that it was the result of tension between the content and power of the context, on the one hand, and the willingness of the subject (person) to accept the influence, on the other. Questions arose: How much of a traditional value is really present with a film? This led to a category of descriptions under the idea of the heritage of a value to its original source (heritage status) and how it is treated within a narrative (narrative status). How can we bring some orderly thinking to what appears to be a jumble of possible cultural influences? This lead to a set of terms around how contexts are arrayed (from the perspective of the person confronted by them). We know that traditional *values are not the primary driving force in most decisions most of the time. What is? In other words, what is there that fades and reduces traditional *values? This led to various terms measuring the distance between a context and a subject (person) and identifying what in the environment was competing with traditional *values or just *values in general. I had already believed that the various influences on a subject was a complex affair (since in literary criticism we tend to shy away from identifying influences since we know that descriptions tend to fall so short of reality as to be almost facetious, unless they are just being used as a way to discuss various important issues). I did not realize just how complex the situation was.
Nevertheless, after years of teaching this course and reassessing its original premise, it remains my opinion that traditional *values are under-appreciated and deserve consideration even now.
22.2. Gathering cultural contexts
Our biggest challenge in this course, for all of us including me, is that it is nearly impossible to know exactly what it is we do not know. We know that there are some things we do not know. I hope we all have at least that much humility. But this does not help us identify the specific things that are unknown. How do we do that?
I would like to start with a simple assertion: Interpretation begins with curiosity. Interpretation is a turning over of a text or situation in one's mind, considering various possible angles. This only happens when one wants to understand, or, rather, good questions come out of genuine curiosity. This, and discipline, are the key elements of analysis in my opinion.
Our challenge is, in recognition of the necessity to allow and manage a complex collection of cultural contexts, contextual pluralities, to gather a great deal but not just anything and not too much. So, where to go to identify (gather) potential cultural contexts to consider and how to decide what to include and what to leave aside? The goal certainly is not to make as long a list as possible. On the other hand, the goal is, indeed, not to overlook something important and since we cannot truly know, ultimately, what will turn out to be useful, we need to err on the side of inclusion rather than exclusion. In other words, we should avoid burying ourselves with possibilities but also avoid becoming satisfied with our collect too soon because often the most important contexts, or the most interesting ones, are those that tend to be overlooked. We have no need of identifying then considering contexts that are already obvious to everyone. We are chasing more agile and slippery creatures.
I have tried to create an environment for the discovery of cultural differences (unidentified cultural contexts that are informing a situation) along these lines: convincing us of our blindness ("*horizons of expectation"), identifying a process that inserts blindness where there could be discovery (*attractors), trying to ameliorate the degree of lack of knowledge by leveraging the diverse cultural knowledge of groups through dialogue and bounded dialogue, and creating a "red flag" system where, when something about a narrative does not "make sense" it might be an indicator of missing or ineptly applied knowledge.
With these things in mind, we gather cultural contexts and refine their content. Our approach is, essential, two-pronged.
22.2.1. Developing a list of potential cultural contexts: Film-based, deductive and tentative working hypotheses
Based on a careful viewing of the film in all of its aspects — what messages are possibly being conveyed by style and content (both) of sound, image, word, story, and actor performance—we puzzle over the worldviews and values that seem to be invoked by these. We construct *ToM for narrative figures and think of what they are thinking and feeling and why they are thinking and feeling those things. We consider their actions and reactions and wonder, too, what these might suggest of cultural contexts. We consider carefully the course of events: what seems to be emphasized, what might be the meaning of certain turns of events, and ultimate plot outcome. We research the director and develop as best we can what might be her or his own worldviews and values, since these will be a significant influence across the film. We research the reception of the film through box-office results and reviews, to get a sense as to what might be the *worldviews and *values of the target audience (*model reader / audience). These can definitely help us make credible assertions about the *worldviews and *values of the film in one way or another.
In sum, we "read" (view, consume, ponder) the film with care and engage in research as necessary. This work itself would be endless so we keep "reasonable effort" in mind, but hope to unearth interesting, relevant observations that have perhaps gone unnoticed and are hopefully useful to others in the course.
22.2.2. Developing a list of potential cultural contexts: Deployment of independent (not "this film"-related) knowledge
There is, for all of us, a lot we do not know about the various cultural groups of our three *East Asian countries. Since the focus of our analysis for this course is *traditional *worldviews and *values, this is particularly the case. How do we learn? Where are the sources of information?
This book and in-class comments by me outline some of the points I would like students to consider as they think about what contexts are worth bringing into the discussion.
Your own cultural knowledge is immeasurably important. It is important to you, but it is important to your group members, too. Share it, please. Just one note of caution, it is surprisingly easy to err when characterizing your own culture. The confidence level can be too high. Double-check yourself and proceed with caution.
The cultural knowledge of others in the group. This course was designed because this is Berkeley with a incredible level of cultural diversity among a collection of intelligent, articulate people—all in the room at the same time. It is the catnip of the course. Make full use of it.
The cultural knowledge of still others. If you have friends or family, ask them questions, Your parents might tell you things you never expected to hear. (This happens more often than you would think.) You probably know others with extensive experience in Asia. Please remember that it is not just natives of a country that know things about a country. Non-natives who have lived in a country see it will special eyes and can notice things natives might miss.
Research. If you do not know what Korean han is, or Chinese qing, or Japanese amae, and it has not been discussed in class, go find out. Or find out more if what is mentioned in class was unclear or insufficient. Read about cultures. Admittedly, given the indistinct nature of our topic, and the frustrating reality that we often do not know what we do not know, it is challenging to do this research. (I was once told by. reference librarian here that she was flummoxed one day when a small crowd of students came to her desk and said they wanted a "book about love.") On the other hand, how fantastic for your group that you almost surely have among your group members the ability to read research in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, or perhaps two of these three.
22.2.3. Not going overboard in the process of gathering
We will revisit this point below but perhaps it is wise to briefly note it here: In recognition of the complexity of the task, and wanting results that are useful and interesting to everyone, we limit very sharply the scope of what we need to find cultural contexts for through a series of filters: we consider films not the plethora of complicated events in the real world, we identify a specific instance within the film, we further insist that it be relevant to a single ToM within that instance, and we further limit it by fashioning a *narrowly defined discussion topic. These limiters help but, in truth, the task remains challenging in many cases.
We begin the work of gathering cultural contexts in this course once Part Four becomes the topic of the class sessions. For now, I would like to set out what we do with all the many interesting things we harvest, that is, how do we decide what of this harvest has practical value for us?
Jimmyn Parc, "The effects of protection in cultural industries: the case of the Korean film policies," International Journal of Cultural Policy 23, no. 5 (January 2016): 618-633, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1116526. ↵
Jennifer Rousse-Marquet, "The Unique Story of the South Korean Film Industry," published September 30, 2013, updated July 10, 2013, http://www.inaglobal.fr/en/cinema/article/unique-story-south-korean-film-industry. ↵
James Wicks, "Cinema Diànyǐngyuàn 电影院," in Berkshire Encyclopedia of China, ed. Linsun Cheng (Minneapolis: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2009), http://www.academia.edu/8940906/Cinema_in_China_A_Brief_History. ↵
Previous: Limiting scope
Next: Credibility and interest
Interpreting Love Narratives in East Asian Literature and Film by John R Wallace is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Web.UI;

namespace ApsNetWebFormsExam
{
    public class BundleConfig
    {
        // For more information on Bundling, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=303951
        public static void RegisterBundles(BundleCollection bundles)
        {
            bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/WebFormsJs").Include(
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/WebForms.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/WebUIValidation.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/MenuStandards.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/Focus.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/GridView.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/DetailsView.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/TreeView.js",
                            "~/Scripts/WebForms/WebParts.js"));

            // Order is very important for these files to work, they have explicit dependencies
            bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/MsAjaxJs").Include(
                    "~/Scripts/WebForms/MsAjax/MicrosoftAjax.js",
                    "~/Scripts/WebForms/MsAjax/MicrosoftAjaxApplicationServices.js",
                    "~/Scripts/WebForms/MsAjax/MicrosoftAjaxTimer.js",
                    "~/Scripts/WebForms/MsAjax/MicrosoftAjaxWebForms.js"));

            // Use the Development version of Modernizr to develop with and learn from. Then, when you're
            // ready for production, use the build tool at http://modernizr.com to pick only the tests you need
            //bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/modernizr").Include(
            //                "~/Scripts/modernizr-*"));
            //////

            // The Kendo JavaScript bundle
            //bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/kendo").Include(
            //        "~/Scripts/Kendo/kendo.web.min.js", // or kendo.all.min.js if you want to use Kendo UI Web and Kendo UI DataViz
            //        "~/Scripts/Kendo/kendo.aspnetmvc.min.js"));

            //// The Kendo CSS bundle
            //bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/kendo").Include(
            //        "~/Content/Kendo/kendo.common.*",
            //        "~/Content/Kendo/kendo.default.*"));

            // Clear all items from the ignore list to allow minified CSS and JavaScript files in debug mode
            bundles.IgnoreList.Clear();

            // Add back the default ignore list rules sans the ones which affect minified files and debug mode
            bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*.intellisense.js");
            bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*-vsdoc.js");
            bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*.debug.js", OptimizationMode.WhenEnabled);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The aerospace is going to increasingly rely on additive manufacturing technologies. The availability of additive manufacturing effectively create 3D printing materials that meet the needs of manufacturers, especially for military and aerospace applications.
Jabil introduced the availability of Jabil Engineered Materials, a service to create, integrate, and validate custom engineered materials for additive manufacturing. The ability to quickly and effectively create 3D printing materials that meet the unique needs of manufacturers, especially for military and aerospace applications.
The aerospace and defense are going to increasingly rely on additive manufacturing technologies. The global aerospace and defense 3D printing market was estimated at around $1.56 billion in 2016 and will grow to $5.9 billion by 2026, which represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.93%, according to a November 2018 report from ReportLinker. The cumulative worldwide market, meanwhile, is expected to growth $30 billion during the forecast period. "The key drivers of the market include reduction in overall manufacturing time, reduction in raw material which translates into direct cost saving and the ease of deployment," the report said.
The company has opened Materials Innovation Center in Minnesota to deliver complete 3DP solutions from a single location, including polymer formulations, compound development, and ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS) certification. "Over last four years, it has become clear that there is a huge gap in the available set of materials for 3D printing versus those available for traditional manufacturing. Many new products and processes have driven interest in exotic new materials, but today there are only a handful available and those that are available are narrow in scope, function, and capabilities so they don't solve materials issues the way traditional materials have for traditional manufacturing," said John Dulchinos, vice president of digital manufacturing at Jabil.
Jabil's Materials Innovation Center will evaluate, qualify, and validate custom powders and filaments in conjunction with the 3D printers and processes being used in order to ensure that the resulting parts will meet the performance and application requirements of the manufacturer.
Jabil is hoping that its efforts will drive adoption of 3D printing in manufacturing by supporting the need to produce functional parts with unique characteristics demanded by customer applications. "Our ability to integrate new engineered materials into our ecosystem of 3D printers and rigorous processes will transform a new generation of additive manufacturing applications, including those for heavily regulated industries, such as aerospace, automotive, industrial and healthcare," said Dulchinos.
On a practical note, by creating a single source to create and iterate engineered materials will allow manufacturers to source the right material quickly. The materials can be created to deliver a variety of value-added attributes including a variety of engineered characteristics including reinforced, flame retardant, UV stable, conductive, lubricated, and Electrostatic Dissipative (ESD) among others, Dulchinos said in an interview.
Jabil Engineered Materials are available now through its distribution partners, including Chase Plastics and Channel Prime Alliance. Today, the center is focused on plastics, but may evolve to metal parts in the future, Dulchinos said.
— Hailey Lynne McKeefry, Editor in Chief, EBN.


text:
package com.microsoft.azure.management.edgegateway.v2019_03_01;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeName;
import com.microsoft.rest.serializer.JsonFlatten;
import com.microsoft.azure.management.edgegateway.v2019_03_01.implementation.TriggerInner;

/**
 * Trigger details.
 */
@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "kind")
@JsonTypeName("PeriodicTimerEvent")
@JsonFlatten
public class PeriodicTimerEventTrigger extends TriggerInner {
    /**
     * Periodic timer details.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.sourceInfo", required = true)
    private PeriodicTimerSourceInfo sourceInfo;

    /**
     * Role Sink information.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.sinkInfo", required = true)
    private RoleSinkInfo sinkInfo;

    /**
     * A custom context tag typically used to correlate the trigger against its
     * usage. For example, if a periodic timer trigger is intended for certain
     * specific IoT modules in the device, the tag can be the name or the image
     * URL of the module.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties.customContextTag")
    private String customContextTag;

    /**
     * Get periodic timer details.
     *
     * @return the sourceInfo value
     */
    public PeriodicTimerSourceInfo sourceInfo() {
        return this.sourceInfo;
    }

    /**
     * Set periodic timer details.
     *
     * @param sourceInfo the sourceInfo value to set
     * @return the PeriodicTimerEventTrigger object itself.
     */
    public PeriodicTimerEventTrigger withSourceInfo(PeriodicTimerSourceInfo sourceInfo) {
        this.sourceInfo = sourceInfo;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get role Sink information.
     *
     * @return the sinkInfo value
     */
    public RoleSinkInfo sinkInfo() {
        return this.sinkInfo;
    }

    /**
     * Set role Sink information.
     *
     * @param sinkInfo the sinkInfo value to set
     * @return the PeriodicTimerEventTrigger object itself.
     */
    public PeriodicTimerEventTrigger withSinkInfo(RoleSinkInfo sinkInfo) {
        this.sinkInfo = sinkInfo;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get a custom context tag typically used to correlate the trigger against its usage. For example, if a periodic timer trigger is intended for certain specific IoT modules in the device, the tag can be the name or the image URL of the module.
     *
     * @return the customContextTag value
     */
    public String customContextTag() {
        return this.customContextTag;
    }

    /**
     * Set a custom context tag typically used to correlate the trigger against its usage. For example, if a periodic timer trigger is intended for certain specific IoT modules in the device, the tag can be the name or the image URL of the module.
     *
     * @param customContextTag the customContextTag value to set
     * @return the PeriodicTimerEventTrigger object itself.
     */
    public PeriodicTimerEventTrigger withCustomContextTag(String customContextTag) {
        this.customContextTag = customContextTag;
        return this;
    }

}