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Peter Storz, PhD
Home Research Research Grants Program Grants Awarded Grants Awarded by Year 2008 Research Grants Peter Storz, PhD
Grantee: Peter Storz, PhD
Institution: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville
Research Project: Kinases Regulating Pancreatic Cancer Resistance to Chemotherapeutics
Award: 2008 Patty Boshell – Pancreatic Cancer Action Network – AACR Career Development Award
Award Period: July 1, 2008 – June 30, 2010
Amount: $100,000
Click here to download Dr. Storz's Grant Snapshot (pdf)
Biographical Highlights
Dr. Storz received his PhD in Cell Biology from the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Shortly after, he came to the United States and began a research fellowship in Cell Biology and Molecular Biology and then became an Instructor in Pathology at Harvard Medical School. Currently, Dr. Storz is an Assistant Professor in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester/Jacksonville, and an Associate Consultant in the Tumor Biology Department at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville.
The funded project is designed to identify kinases, or cellular signaling proteins, that regulate resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is extremely resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Its resistance has been closely linked to NF-kB activity, which is an inducible transcription factor that is regulated by a variety of kinases. One of these kinases is Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1), which activates NF-kB in response to stresses. PKD1 has previously been found to be over-expressed (increased) in pancreatic cancer and was shown to prevent apoptosis (a type of cell death where the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself).
The study uses a global approach to measure the contribution that PKD1 and other kinases have in elevating NF-kB activity in pancreatic cancer cells, and also focuses on the specific role of PDK1 and whether PDK1 inhibitors decrease NF-kB activity and affect resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Study results are expected to contribute to the development of a pharmacologic strategy to re-sensitize pancreatic tumor cells to conventional chemotherapeutics and improve survival from this deadly disease.
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Remembrance & Commemoration
In 1956 sea area Heligoland became German Bight. But why did the North Sea island, which for nearly a century had demonstrated its loyalty to Britain, lose its identity? How had this once peaceful haven become, as Admiral Jacky Fisher exclaimed 'a dagger pointed at England's heart'? Behind the renaming of Heligoland lies a catalogue of deceit, political ambition, blunder and intrigue. Heligoland came under British rule in the nineteenth century, a 'Gibraltar' of the North Sea. Then, in 1890, despite the islanders' wishes, Lord Salisbury announced his intention to swap it for Germany's presence in East Africa. The Prime Minister's decision unleashed a storm of controversy. Queen Victoria telegrammed from Balmoral to register her fury. During both world wars, it was used by Germany to control the North Sea, and RAF planes bombed the once-British possession. The story of Heligoland is more than an obscure footnote to the British Empire - it shows the significance of territory throughout history. George Drower is an expert on overseas territories and international politics. He has also written a number of gift books, including Gardeners, Gurus & Grubs and Boats, Boffins & Bowlines.
Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : The History Press, [2011]
Branch Call Number: 394.4 Le
Description: 1 online resource (224 pages)
Additional Contributors: Andrews, Maggie
Freading (Firm)
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War Memorials — Great Britain
Memorialization — Great Britain
War and Society
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City planners have proposed raising building heights to 100 feet.
Hillcrest hashes high-rise housing heights
Does this make uptown homes more affordable? Or less?
By Dorian Hargrove, Feb. 10, 2016
A group of property owners in Hillcrest want the freedom to build higher residential and commercial buildings. And if that freedom isn't granted, members of the newly formed Uptown Gateway Council warn, local housing prices will continue to climb and people will move to outlying areas. The group also claims inaction will steer the city further from addressing climate change and do little to solve affordable-housing shortages.
In order to prevent such societal ills, the group is asking for their own zoning district in Hillcrest where current and proposed density and height requirements don't apply. In the proposed district, developers would be allowed build up to 200-feet high — 135 feet higher than currently allowed — and build one unit per 200 square feet of lot size, more than double the amount of density currently proposed in areas of Hillcrest.
Hillcrest residents and developers have clashed over increased density and height limits for nearly a decade.
Former Development Services Department director Marcela Escobar-Eck represents the Uptown Gateway Council, which includes Hillcrest's largest property owners, Gary Pernicano, Bennet Greenwald, Charlie Jadallah, as well as nine others.
Altogether the property owners own 7.13 acres of property in the heart of Hillcrest. They say the city's zoning plans for the community, as proposed in the updated community plan, only shows the "disconnect" between the developers and the city's stringent building restrictions.
Hillcrest residents and developers have clashed over increased density and height limits for nearly a decade. Until now, residents have won the battle, having convinced the city council to adopt an interim height limit that capped building heights at 50 to 65 feet in portions of Hillcrest and Mission Hills.
But the height limit will change when the update to Uptown's Community Plan is ratified. In their draft update, city planners have chosen to increase building heights to 100 feet.
That proposal isn't good enough for the Uptown Gateway Council. Escobar-Eck is lobbying planners and elected officials to increase heights to 200 feet along commercial corridors. The proposal once again pits developers and commercial property owners against residents.
Building heights in Hillcrest are capped at 50 to 65 feet — for now.
Image by Andy Boyd
The debate over height limits and density in Uptown communities, say some housing advocates, is much more than another NIMBY-versus-developer spat: it is an argument about affordable housing and getting closer to more public-transit-dependent communities. As long as development is spurred, they argue, rents will continue to climb in Hillcrest. Middle- and low-income families will be pushed out from Uptown, further away from jobs, all while increasing their dependence on vehicles.
In a December 1 letter to the city's planning department, Escobar-Eck, on behalf of the group, warned city planners that succumbing to residents' protests does more harm than good. Escobar-Eck urged the city to create a district within a district where they can build up to 200 feet high in certain areas and double the density from 45 to 73 units per acre to 100 units per acre.
"It is fundamental to understand that the economics of real estate development dictate that goals for a more livable community are, frankly, unachievable without the flexibility to develop higher and denser projects," Escobar-Eck wrote. "…We cannot just stand still and wait for the rug to be pulled from under them, and with it their property values, dreams, and aspirations for a better Uptown.
"This draft plan does not accomplish what we anticipate all residents and property owners of Uptown would desire: the activation of streets with people, commerce, and entertainment. There is a disconnect in this draft plan, in that somehow this activation can be realized while simultaneously diminishing the height and density of future projects. The key to activation of the ground plane and to increasing the public realm is to build higher and denser....
"Lowering density creates an economic productivity issue. Diminishing, rather than enhancing the economic productivity of this area ultimately translates into a regional failure. The net result of the draft plan as written is that new development doesn't work and not much will change for the better, this in an area where as you have been notified, economic activity is currently scaling down. If not much is built or rehabilitated, this makes the city worse. Maintaining some sort of Uptown 'status quo,' or creating something even less than the status quo, is a stab in the heart of economic productivity."
The proposal has angered some residents. They say this is a push for larger returns on developers' investments and a ploy to prevent city planners and city staff from designating Hillcrest's business center, where most of the gateway proposal is located, as a historic site.
"The owners are trying to get their way with zoning in general, and are especially trying to stop the establishment of a Hillcrest historic district the city has recommended since 1981 for the area where their properties are located," says Uptown planner Mat Wahlstrom. "[Adopting this proposal] would destroy the very quality of life that makes people want to build here in the first place."
But what about affordable-housing shortages and rising rental rates? If the city wants to move closer to their "city of villages" vision, where residents live in mixed-use developments and walk, bike, and use transit to get around, don't building restrictions make it harder for that to occur?
"The 'Gateway Gang' are not advocating affordable housing," Wahlstrom counters, "they are pushing speculative development of luxury condos for all the money they can get.... Property values increase when density is increased and only the rich can afford it. That's why there's sprawl. Increased density allows more units per lot, which means greater potential income; greater potential income increases value, which increases costs to developers — who pass the expense on to buyers."
Wahlstrom has formed a group called Rescue Hillcrest to fight the Gateway district.
One only needs to look at the current housing climate in Hillcrest, says cycling advocate and blogger Paul Jamason, to see that it is the middle- and lower-class residents in need of rescue.
"Blocking new housing has already changed the community character in a negative way, by making it difficult for anyone but wealthier residents to live in Hillcrest. Communities naturally change over time, and many people oppose change. Residents complained when historic bungalows were built because they ruined open fields. Cryogenically preserving 1970s-era strip malls to 'respect the scale of our neighborhood' is short-sighted."
Adds Jamason, "Established residents have profited greatly from huge home-equity increases as prices soar. These profits are partly due to anti-housing policies like the Interim Height Ordinance. Now residents are tripling down with downzoning and the Hillcrest historical district. These are exclusionist zoning measures that boost homeowner profits while increasing inequity for younger San Diegans — in a 'progressive' neighborhood, no less."
Leo Wilson, a longtime community planner in Uptown, disagrees. "I am not aware of any of the recent tall buildings built in Uptown as affordable; in fact, they are expensive luxury units."
Two current listings in the nearly 150-foot-tall Park One tower at the north end of Balboa Park on Sixth Avenue seem to confirm this contention. Both units feature two bedrooms and 2.5 bathrooms and offer 2280 square feet of living space. The second-floor condominium is listed at $999,999 and the ninth-floor unit at $1,499,000. Both are well above the $654,700 that Zillow.com says is the median home price for Hillcrest's 92103 zip code.
"[Developers] are actually demolishing the more affordable units in older buildings to make room for more expensive high-end units in taller buildings," continues Wilson. "What is taking place is gentrification, not the provision of more affordable housing. Given the high cost of new housings built in Uptown, my impression has been the newcomers are more wealthy than the existing resident."
Marcela Escobar-Eck did not respond to a request to comment.
Truck Feb. 10, 2016 @ 2:01 p.m.
Don't believe a word real estate developers tell you. They are out to destroy an already overcrowded area of our city by adding even more gigantic buildings. This action will more than certainly lower the quality of life for all residents and bring about more congestion and more crime.
Once their project has been paid for and their pockets filled they will abscond to their comfy single family mansions in super rich areas where the rest of us plebs are not welcome. They think they are clever by telling us that their new proposals will solve our affordable housing crisis but stuffing people into a small 200 square foot unit at an absurd price is not my idea of a real solution.
It is people like them that have contributed to our societal problems by hoarding land and other real estate assets, calling them investments. Nice try. We will not comply, we as citizens of this gorgeous city will resist all efforts to turn this iconic part of America into just another shapeless dump that only serves the 1%.
Keep San Diego classy... and beautiful.
caden Feb. 10, 2016 @ 7:54 p.m.
So what is your solution? Stop all growth? Ask folks in Detroit, Cleveland and Flint, Michigan how their cities fared when people stopped moving there for decades. Your mindset is so 1970. So sad.
SanDiegoOrcas Feb. 11, 2016 @ 1:28 a.m.
Ah yes, I remember the 1970s. Back when "village" still meant "small town", and fresh steaming bullshit came from actual bulls instead of Marcela Escobar-Eck.
Truck Feb. 11, 2016 @ 11:42 a.m.
Specifically aimed at caden, It is narrow-minded and unrealistic to be obsessed with the idea that we must be involved in perpetual and constant growth. It is that same mindset that also overlooks the workable solution of sustainability and instead insists on robing the world of its natural resources for personal enrichments and entitlements. Your view is the sad one.
You would rather cram more and more people into an area so that we can have an economy of more shops that exist only to sell us more useless and unnecessary trinkets in the name of growth. What about a life not centered around the dollar, but focused on the quality and equality for all who share an area of space within each community?
Detroit, Cleveland, and Flint have many things in common but one of the most obvious commonalities is that their states of humanitarian need are the direct result of white flight, fear, and corruption. The minute a community stops being seen as a viable source for profit it is thrown away and deemed inhospitable. Flint is the latest victim of the greed driving our economy for it committed the most heinous crime of not being a rich enough city to deserve clean water for its residents. Maybe they didn't sell out to real estate developers in time or open their town to more trinket shops?
You troll around leaving comments and chastising us all but all your comments are full of judgements about the people of a city in which you have no real stake in anymore. You call Hillcrest dead, irrelevant, and disgusting yet we are supposed to follow you down a path of "rejuvenation" and gentrification when most that live there are already perfectly content with how the area has already grown.
Founder Feb. 10, 2016 @ 3:46 p.m.
Density or Density Bonuses —> No Thank You
Are you concerned with the City Planning Dept.'s Plan to force ever more Density into our neighborhoods, while leaving most other parts of San Diego untouched?
The North Park Residential Improvement District (NP-RID) urges you to join with us in demanding that the City first provide the long overdue infrastructure improvements we all know are needed (by the people already living in our neighborhoods) before allowing any more Density, which will only make things worse for all. NP-RID wants to help everyone that needs our support, so that they in turn will support us. Working together, we can all enjoy a better quality of life for ourselves and in our neighborhoods.
I believe that Developers who want to increase their bottom lines are now working with the City Planning Department by asking us to choose between Density or Density Bonuses (allowing even higher Density), in a sales pitch called the Presumptive Close (in which it is presumed that the customer will buy one or the other, instead of choosing to buy neither) to get us to buy into supporting their enormous Planned Density Increases.
Spread Density fairly throughout San Diego, don't just push Density on Mid-City because these Developers what to make more money than they already are. Additional Density projects should also have "stepped" large additional fees accessed to them, so that this money can be used immediately to improve the "above ground" amenities so that all those that live nearby will see an improvement in their quality of life; and I'm not talking about spending it on otherwise required trees, street benches and similar items. Why not require larger projects to fund street linear parks and other things that will make San Diego a better place to live instead of just a much more crowded place to live?
Who wants Univ. Ave to have wall to wall high rises like Park Boulevard & Univ. Ave?
Look at the size of potential projects shown on the link listed below.
[1]: Density Bonus link from University Heights: https://uh2050.wordpress.com/2016/01/31/myths-and-facts-about-the-north-park-density-bonus-program/
Let me guess......Retired, with nothing else to do but except stop progress? You must hate how Park Blvd. in University Heights is so much more vibrant these days because of folks investing in the neighborhood. You on the other hand want it all to yourself.
Caden - By your logic, Developers must be $AINT$ since they make so much money creating ever more Density in what is already a very cool neighborhood, thanks to all the people that already live here, not the developers.
"Folks investing in their Neighborhood" is different than cramming ever more new folks into a neighborhood that already lacks the infrastructure it is due, all in the name of Progress. I'd love to live in Rancho Santa Fe but nobody is building Density there. Why, because it is not as good a deal for the Developers as it could be in Mid-City. This is a push by Developers to make big bucks and all the talk about providing low and moderate housing is a canard.
If all new developments had to include large amounts of low and moderate housing (with rents that were fixed for 30+ years) you would see the Developers cry foul... They want to be able to sell market rate units or better yet lease market rate units so that they can have an ever increasing income stream.
AlexClarke Feb. 10, 2016 @ 5:13 p.m.
Hillcrest is densely populated now. Traffic is bad and parking is impossible I can't imagine how higher density housing will help. As for forcing people to outlying areas just what areas would that be? Housing prices in El Cajon, La Mesa are anything but affordable and going north will not help until you get to Temecula. Transportation corridors? What the bus? Our transportation system serves very few people who can get on and off a bus or trolley and be home or at work. Founder and Truck are right on. Developers are greedy first and community minded is not even on the list.
dwbat Feb. 10, 2016 @ 5:46 p.m.
Alex, Hillcrest parking is tough, but not "impossible." That's an exaggeration. Yes, most don't get off at a bus/trolley stop, and are at "home or at work." You usually have to walk a little. The 10 and 7 buses are 1.5 blocks from my place. Oh boo hoo, what a terrible walk home for me. And I have to walk 2.5 blocks to catch the 215 bus. No big deal. The exercise is good.
Why is anyone even talking about Hillcrest these days? That neighorhoood has been insignificant for over 15 years now and it's only going to get worse. As a former resident of the area during the 90s, I can honestly say that the community leaders (Past and present) are solely to blame for why Hillcrest is dead, dead, dead. No one I know goes there anymore. It's the most depressing neighborhood in Uptown. Just look at all of the vacant storefronts and restaurant spaces. And don't even get me started on the business turnover rate.
City Deli, D Bar, Obelisk, Pizza Nova, La Vache.....Gone. They knew where that neighborhood was headed so they split. People who talk about Hillcrest being densely populated must be idiots. The reason businesses fail in Hillcrest is because not enough people live in the area to support them. Hillcrest relies on outsiders to keep the commercial area alive, but guess what? None of us are going there because there's nothing to see or do there. I'm actually surprised that Crest Cafe is still there. I'm certain it hasn't seen a fresh coat of paint since I left Hillcrest 20 years ago. Disgusting.
It's time to let the neighborhood runs it's course. Let the people who want to keep Hillcrest in a time warp do so and let's just wait another 20 years to watch it start to gentrify. As it is now, it's a sad, sad section of the city that no one talks or cares about. Thank goodness we have North Park, Little Italy, U-Heights, Normal Height, among others to enjoy.
So long, Hillcrest....It was nice knowing you.
dwbat Feb. 11, 2016 @ 8:18 a.m.
City Deli closed because the owners retired. Obelisk closed temporarily because of a huge fire upstairs. It reopened, but then closed permanently as customers may have "moved on" to other retailers, Amazon, etc. Crest Cafe is there because customers like its comfort food and laid back ambiance. Uh, "no one talks or cares about" Hillcrest? Obviously, you are incorrect there. As for blaming the "community leaders" in Hillcrest, is this your code term for the LGBT community?
ICare Feb. 11, 2016 @ 8:59 a.m.
You are so correct Caden. These people who want to close off the future of Hillcrest, Mission Hills and Banker's Hill continue to have their heads in the sand. We must develop and build neighborhoods of the future in which we can walk or bike to stores, movie theaters, retail, schools, parks etc. Height? Not 200 Feet...but 30 or 50 feet is silly. How about 100 - 125 feet compromise with retail on the bottom street level and condos with some affordable rental on site? Look at IMission at Goldfinch and Washington Street. 20% very low income and the rest of the units condos and townhouses. 6 new restaurants went into hood within 3 years and everyone loves the Mission Hills neighborhood again. Too bad the YUCKY people of Mission Hills made the developer back then cut off the 6th story off, which gave the building some relief and a roof top garden, instead of the flat roof it has today. IT'S THE ECONOMY STUPID! CAN WE PLEASE GROW UP???
Truck Feb. 11, 2016 @ 12:26 p.m.
Aimed at ICare - You say "Too bad the YUCKY people of Mission Hills..."
Yucky? Really? So you want to call out the lot of residents, specifically of Mission Hills, that you feel do not share your ideal standards by calling them disgusting? What makes these people "YUCKY" to you and furthermore why are their values, experiences, and desires not deserving of your respect and consideration when it comes to how their section of town is built around them? Perhaps one day you will discover that all the people that do not care in the same way as you for overcrowded areas of towns with ever increasing building heights are not yucky or stupid for not sharing your same opinions.
The economy is a complicated beast that requires constant revision to keep the whole facade going. What do you mean "IT'S THE ECONOMY STUPID! CAN WE PLEASE GROW UP???" Do you mean that we should all just let go of our beliefs and how we envision a space of the same city we all occupy just to fit the mold you think is proper? How are we stupid for not wanting to be taken advantage of by real estate developers who's primary purpose is to secure a profit for themselves? In fact, it isn't stupid, it's incredibly intelligent and responsible to question any authority with the power to create permanent change to our landscape. And how about less buildings and more ground gardens that make space for produce and grow a sense of community... wait that is probably what you would consider a stupid idea.
We can already walk or bike to stores, theaters, retail shops, schools and parks in Hillcrest so what really are you on about regarding this specific issue?
It is narrow-minded and unrealistic to be obsessed with the idea that we must be involved in perpetual and constant growth. It is that same mindset that also overlooks the workable solution of sustainability and instead insists on robing the world of its natural resources for personal enrichments and entitlements. Your view is the sad one.
cousin Feb. 10, 2016 @ 11:19 p.m.
The City's Master Plan says that we should have more housing near Village Centers like Hillcrest so that people can walk to work, stores, restaurants and public bus stops. The problem is that some people who live in Hillcrest and Uptown now don't want more people to live here.
The City did what they asked and lowered building heights below what already exists on an "interim" basis until the new plan is approved; and lowered densities below what is currently legal. Wonderful tall buildings like the one in the photo would not be allowed with the new regulations.
Here is a link to the City's website for Uptown with the presentation that they gave at an Uptown Planners meeting on Feb. 2nd. Just look at the maps and you'll see what is legal now and what is actually being proposed in the future; and why people who are concerned about the environment and affordable housing think this is crazy. http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/uptown/pdf/2016_Feb_2_Uptown%20Planners_LU%20Presentation.pdf
Remember your economics class? The cost to buy or rent is all a matter of supply and demand. If the City reduces the supply of housing in Uptown but people want live here, the cost of housing will go up.
Perhaps it would be easier to understand if I said housing is like musical chairs. If there aren't enough chairs, people with less money loose out. Allow more chairs to be made, even expensive chairs, and the average chair won't cost as much, and fewer people will be without chairs. This is all supply and demand.
cousin: People do not "loose" out; they lose out. ;-)
sessions Feb. 11, 2016 @ 9 a.m.
I am young, fully employed and support the sentiments of Founder. San Diego already has a downtown with plenty of currently available dwellings. How does completely changing the character of a unique and quirky neighborhood like Hillcrest benefit anyone besides the developers? The shops in Hillcrest are already too crowded. Shop in them at any time of day and it is obviously already quite dense in Hillcrest. San Diego is not laid out for bus service and San Diegans are not primarily bus riders. I cannot get to my job without taking 3 buses and walking 45 minutes. You cannot pick up two children from two different schools after working a full time job via bus in San Diego. It is not practical to take 2 small children and a large sick dog to the vet via bus in San Diego. I cannot take my snowboard to Mammoth via bus. I cannot take my camping gear to Joshua Tree by bus. I cannot take two children, a dog, and a surfboard to the beach via a bus in San Diego. High rise luxury apartments will not improve my quality of life. Hillcrest's gem is Balboa Park, that is what improves my quality of life. Its many fun and delicious restaurants, shops and bookstores make it a great place to live. The unique and charming historical rental properties, which are much more affordable than the new high rise luxury apartments, and include apartment buildings from the 1920s, cannot be found in most of San Diego. These are the prized possessions of HIllcrest. The small bungalow home with a courtyard that allows for the dog, the bike, the surfboard, etc are what make Hillcrest a neighborhood, not part of downtown San Diego. If you want to live in downtown, you can, but people live in a neighborhood because that is the lifestyle they chose. It is just as valid a way to live, especially considering there is plenty of room for growth closer to the majority of jobs in San Diego.
Bus routes are determined by need. Of course you can't go to Joshua Tree by bus from San Diego. That would make no sense; Greyhound wouldn't make a nickel. The same with Mammoth.
Founder Feb. 14, 2016 @ 12:45 p.m.
Sessions - Great comment.
Most of those that are promoting for more Density do not ride the bus, commute to all the Density meeting by bike or even ride share.
We are being lectured to by people that want more housing so that Developers can profit by remaking our Special Neighborhoods more like Mission Valley.
Everybody wants to live in a cool neighborhood, but as the Density gets increased it becomes less cool, that is what most of those that are promoting ever more Density cannot understand.
You live in a neighborhood for 20 or 30 years or more you get possessive of it, because it is your neighborhood. To hear that people (new to SD) want to increase your Density so that they can move in is just more ME-ism.
Developers and Business Owners are now enabling many groups that are now promoting ever more Density in SD. They are doing this because it is great for their own bottom line. Take away the money and many of these well funded groups would cease to exist as we know them today.
When City Council members, their Staff and most City Workers take mass transit (instead of owning a vehicle) then I will believe that we all should consider changing our ways; that is unless you are aged, have children, pets or need to carry more than a handful of items with you.
Left unsaid is that taking mass transit at night is scary if you are a Senior, a good looking women or just don't like waiting for the bus or walking SD's dark streets. Vehicles offer personal safety that mass transit will never be able to match, which is very important with all those concerned with their daily and their own safety.


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Jet hits truck at Los Angeles airport after landing
A passenger jet taxiing to its gate at Los Angeles International Airport collided with a utility truck Saturday afternoon, leaving eight people on the truck with non-life-threatening injuries, the airport and Los Angeles Fire Department said.
There were no injuries among the 149 passengers on the Aeromexico Boeing 737, although one passenger reported pain following deplaning, the airport said.
The right wing of Flight 642, which had arrived from from Mexico City, struck the utility truck, causing the truck to overturn near a taxiway, the statement said. There was no fire or spilled fuel.
The injured were taken to local hospitals and were listed in stable condition, the airport said.
The airport said the collision happened around 2:30 p.m. (5:30 p.m. ET) as the plane approached a gate. The plane continued to the gate and passengers deplaned, the airport said.
The plane sustained minor damage, the airport said. The cause of the collision has not been determined but the airport said it is investigating.
Aeromexico issued a statement saying the contact occurred during the taxiing, but it didn't provide a cause.


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Ambulância é um veículo equipado para o transporte ou prestação de primeiros socorros a doentes e feridos.

O termo "ambulância" vem da palavra latina "ambulare", que significa "movimentar". Até à Segunda Guerra Mundial, a palavra era também usada para designar os postos de socorro militares de campanha. Actualmente, o termo está geralmente associado aos veículos automóveis onde é administrada assistência médica de emergência a pacientes com doença ou ferimentos graves. Estes veículos estão normalmente equipados com luzes rotativas e sirenes de aviso, destinados a facilitar a sua deslocação rápida através do trânsito.

As ambulâncias de emergência, em diversos países, são identificadas pelo sinal Estrela da Vida. Este sinal, com origem nos serviços de emergência médica dos Estados Unidos e, actualmente, adoptado por muitos outros, representa os seis estágios do tratamento médico pré-hospitalar. Ao invés da Estrela da Vida, as ambulâncias militares são identificadas pela Cruz Vermelha. Este símbolo protege-as de ataques à luz das leis internacionais da guerra.

Além das ambulâncias de emergência existem outros tipos, as mais comuns sendo as ambulâncias de transporte de doentes. Estes veículos servem apenas para transportar doentes, em situações não-urgentes, para locais de tratamento. Normalmente não estão equipadas com equipamento de suporte à vida e, muitas vezes nem sequer com luzes rotativas e sirenes. Em alguns locais, existe uma forma modificada de ambulância usada apenas para o transporte rápido de uma equipa médica a um local de uma ocorrência, não sendo usada para transporte de pacientes. Nestes casos, um paciente que necessite de ser transportado para o hospital sê-lo-á, numa outra ambulância com essa capacidade.

A maioria dos veículos utilizados como ambulância são do tipo furgão. No entanto existem também ambulâncias baseadas em camiões, autocarros, comboios, aeronaves e embarcações.

Tipos funcionais
As ambulâncias podem ser divididas pelos seguintes tipos de função:
Ambulâncias de socorro - são o tipo mais comum de ambulâncias de emergência, sendo normalmente um veículo com capacidade para uma única maca, guarnecido com tripulação e equipamento capazes de aplicarem medidas de suporte básico de vida, destinadas à estabilização e transporte de doentes que necessitem de assistência durante o transporte;
Ambulâncias de cuidados intensivos - são um tipo mais avançado de ambulâncias de emergência. São guarnecidos com uma tripulação e equipamento capazes de aplicarem medidas de suporte avançado de vida. A tripulação inclui sempre um médico;

Ambulâncias de transporte de doentes acamados - veículos de transporte de doentes acamados ou em cadeiras de rodas, em situações não urgentes em que não precisem de assistência médica especial;
Ambulâncias de transporte múltiplo - veículos de transporte de doentes que possam viajar normalmente sentados, sem necessidade de assistência médica especial;
Veículos de socorro médico - veículos de intervenção médica guarnecidos com uma tripulação e equipamento capazes de aplicar medidas de suporte avançado de vida, mas sem capacidade de transportar a vítima. Da sua tripulação faz sempre parte um médico e, normalmente, um enfermeiro.

Veículos utilizados como ambulância
As ambulâncias podem basear-se em muitos tipos de veículos. As condições de emergência podem levar, inclusive à adaptação imporvisada de veículos como ambulâncias.
Furgão - uma ambulância típica baseia-se num automóvel com carroçaria do tipo furgão, normalmente assente num chassis standard. Na América do Norte são comuns as ambulâncias baseadas em veículos com uma caixa grande, chamados de "mod" (modulares);
Carro / Todo-o-terreno - usados quer como veículos de socorro médico, transportando apenas a equipamento e o equipamento de socorro, quer, mais raramente, como transporte de doentes que possam viajar sentados. Alguns carros/ todo-o-terreno podem transportar uma maca;
Motocicleta - em algumas áreas urbanas as motocicletas são utilizadas como veículo de socorro médico, pela sua capacidade de deslocamento rápido através de trânsito congestionado. Em alguns locais da África são utilizadas motos com side-car ou pequenos trailers para transportar pacientes. Normalmente são tripuladas por um médico, enfermeiro ou paramédico e tranportam algum equipamento de suporte avançado de vida;
Bicicleta - usado em alguns países, do mesmo modo que as motocicletas, mas normalmente em zonas exclusivamente pedestres;
Motoquatro/ triclo motorizado - usados do mesmo modo que as motocicletas em eventos ao ar livre e em zonas de difícil acesso a outros veículos motorizados;

Carro de Golf - usado em determinados eventos, normalmente desportivos, como veículo de socorro médico e para transporte de pacientes em maca;
Helicóptero - usado para o socorro e o transporte de vítimas em locais inacessíveis por outros meios, ou em situações em que a rapidez é essencial;
Avião - usado tanto para a prestação de cuidados médicos em locais vastos e remotos ou para o transporte de pacientes através de longas distências;
Barco - usado como ambulância em ilhas ou outros locais acessíveis por água;
Navio - usado como hospital móvel, normalmente pelas forças armadas em locais de guerra ou de catástrofe, onde não existam instalações hospitais disponíveis em número suficiente. Podem também ser considerados ambulância pois, além de prestarem cuidados de saúde aos pacientes, também os transportam.

Projecto e construção
O projecto de ambulância deverá ter em conta as condições locais e a infraestrutura disponível. Estradas bem mantidas são necessárias para as ambulâncias normais poderem chegar ao local do incidente e transportar o paciente para o hospital. Em locais onde essas estradas não existem as ambulâncias terão de ser baseadas em veículos todo o terreno. Também é necessária a disponibilidade de combustível e de instalações apropriadas para a manutenção do veículo.

As ambulâncias normalmente têm dois fabricantes. O primeiro é responsável pelo fabrico do veículo base. O segundo é responsável por adaptar o veículo base com equipamento especializado de modo a transformá-lo numa ambulância.

Tipicamente as modernas ambulâncias são propulsadas por um motor de combustão interna, a gasolina ou gasóleo.

Ambulâncias militares

Ambulâncias militares incluem as regulares ambulâncias, mas camufladas. Helicópteros são frequentemente utilizados como ambulâncias aéreas, visto que são extremamente eficazes para evacuar feridos.

Devido ao elevado perigo em campos de batalha, são colocadas armaduras nas ambulâncias militares, ou são baseadas em veículos blindados. Como as leis da guerra não autorizam que armas sejam colocadas em ambulâncias, as ambulâncias baseadas em veículos blindados são desarmadas e pintadas com uma cruz vermelha ou outras marcas aceites.

Objetivo

Esse veículo tem objetivo de aplicar medidas de suporte básico de vida, estabilizar e transportar com velocidade e segurança pacientes vítimas de traumas. Diferente do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e de outras ambulâncias, esse veículo não faz atendimento de ocorrências de casos clínicos, pois não tem, na guarnição, enfermeiros e médicos, a não ser em alguns estados como São Paulo em que o SAMU é integrado ao Corpo de Bombeiros.

Condutor
Para se conduzir o veículo de resgate é necessário Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), compativel com o veículo, e Curso de Condutores de Veículos de Emergência.

Guarnição

É formada normalmente uma equipe com três militares, sendo os cargos e funções divididos desta maneira:
 Motorista: Levar o veículo, equipamentos e guarnição com rapidez e segurança até o local da ocorrência; estacionar em local seguro; sinalizar a via; isolar o local; se necessário for atuar na ocorrência.
 Chefe de guarnição/socorrista 1: decidir ações a serem tomadas; verificar os riscos; socorrer o paciente.
 Socorrista 2: pegar os materiais; socorrer o paciente.

Sirene e giroflex
Veículos de emergência em geral só podem trafegar com giroflex e sirenes ligadas em atendimento à ocorrências.
A Ambulância também possui um rádio, este rádio serve tanto para chamar mais Ambulâncias como para pedir auxílio ao Corpo de Bombeiros em caso de incêndio como força policial para casos onde existe um indivíduo armado no lugar.

Capacidade
Em geral, veículos deste tipo só suportam um paciente corretamente imobilizado com prancha rígida. Existem mais um ou dois lugares para pacientes com traumas menores que podem ser transportados sentados.

Material
Os materiais que são utilizados em um veículo de resgate podem variar muito de uma região para outra. Em alguns estados do Brasil, por exemplo, o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência está integrado com o Corpo de Bombeiros, então possui materiais para manobras mais incisivas, pois possui médicos em sua guarnição.

Ver também

 ABTS (bombeiros)
 Paramédico
 SAMU
 Instituto Nacional de Emergência Médica
 Carro de polícia
 Carro de bombeiro
 Transporte aeromédico

Recomendações Técnicas para Bases VMER

Veículos para atendimento de emergência

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


During this course, the student analyzes the domestic and international contexts that shape the behavior of state and non-state actors, and which affect the formulation of national security policies. The course provides an assessment of major social, cultural, political, military, economic, technological, and historical issues that influence the international context; the roles and influence of international organizations and non-state actors; and the key transitional challenges to national security such as weapons proliferation and terrorism. The student will examine the issues and national security interests of the U.S. in regions of the world, how the U.S. has carried out its foreign policy in those regions to protect its national security, and the security interests of the nations in those regions. This course will prepare the student to conduct strategic assessments of selected organizations, regions, states, and other actors on the international stage.
CO-4: Analyze future international security challenges.
CO-5: Develop future scenarios and perspectives reflecting current obstacles and limitations to international security.
The purpose of this assignment is to make a plan for your research. It will take a few steps for you to get to a complete proposal. It must include: research question/introduction, hypothesis, methodology, literature review, conclusion, and proposed source of data. Your proposal should be about 8-12 pages, double spaced, TNR 12.
The purpose of this assignment is to write a policy brief including an history and a current summary of the important issues needed to make decision on a specific topic of your choosing (using the list in the assignments tab). Your policy backgrounder should be about 8-12 pages, double spaced, TNR 12.
The research paper will build on the proposal assignment from week two (with improvements based on the instructor's comments) and should be at least 10 additional pages of data/findings/analysis of your topic -- not including the cover page, the reference list, and any appendices – for a total of 18-20 pages. Please use a specific political science research method.
The Policy recommendations will build on the backgrounder from week two (but not recopy or repeat it). Continuing with the same threat area that you chose in Assignment #1, provide a list of policy options (with specific recommendations) to include identification and definition of issues, conceptualization of creative alternative solutions, anticipation of reactions and objections, advantages and disadvantages of each policy option, and an-depth analysis on technical aspects of program policies and implementation processes. This assignment should be about 12-15 pages, double spaced, TNR 12.
This assignment is a take-home essay assignment of two questions, 4-5 pages each, to test knowledge and assimilation of the course objectives. Please refer to the required text and readings from this course. You may supplement with other readings, but do not supplant the course readings. You will be required to know the course scholarship and literature.
Book Title: Global Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Quest for Power and the Search for Peace, 3rd ed.


text:
home Product Mobile Game Sensation Pokemon GO Surpasses 1 Billion Downloads
Mobile Game Sensation Pokemon GO Surpasses 1 Billion Downloads
Published Fri Aug 02 2019 By Chester
Niantic's Pokemon Go finally marks itself into the billion download club.
Yes, the Niantic Inc, Adventure game surpasses 1 billion downloads and marks itself in the category of "Best Mobile Game" by The Game Developers Choice Awards and "Best App of the Year" by TechCrunch.
The classic rendition of animated Pokemon game is based on the original TV Tokyo series back from April 1, 1997, and using the evolving argument reality tech; the mobile game is amongst the first in line by Niantic to come with the never before concept.
Discover Pokémon in the Real World with Pokémon GO!
The game which initially hit the curtains in July 2016 is the result of the collaboration between Niantic, Nintendo, and The Pokemon Company.
The gameplay uses mobile device GPS to locate, capture, battle, and train virtual creatures called Pokemon, which appears as if they are in the player's real-world location.
Churches Buy Minecraft-Themed Bibles To Create Excitement Amongst Schoolkids About Jesus >>>
The game is launched with 480 species of Pokémon, yes without mission some of our famous Pokemon such as 'Pikachu', 'Charmander', 'Bulbasaur', 'Mewtwo' and many more.
Coming to the gameplay, the game faced mixed reviews from critics due to some of it's technical and real-life issues. It pulled controversies for contributing to accidents and creating public nuisances.
The gameplay requires life actions, so people went to hazardous places to catch the Pokemon. (SOURCE: Niantic Inc)
Nevertheless, the game is credited with popularizing location-based and AR technology, promoting physical activity, and helping local businesses grow due to increased foot traffic.
As of December 2018, the game has grossed over $3 billion in worldwide revenue.
The concept for the game was conceived in 2014 by Satoru Iwata of Nintendo and Tsunekazu Ishihara of The Pokémon Company on April Fools' Day. The game was developed collaboration with Google, called the Google Maps: Pokémon Challenge.
We want to congratulate John Hanke, the founder of Niantic and his entire team for such a massive success and tremendous life-changing experience. Hard work eventually pays.
PUBG Mobile Vs Call Of Duty Mobile - Which One Is Better? >>>
Stay tuned and connected to find updates of the recent tech news and games.


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Middle east and Afica: Inheritance in Zimbabwe: Why widows get evicted?
Activist, firebrand and feminist are just a few of the terms used to describe Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga, a former opposition MP and cabinet minister in Zimbabwe.
No one would call her a pushover.
Yet despite her connections and some of the country's finest lawyers arguing her case, after her husband's death she was forced empty-handed out of her matrimonial home of 13 years.
Before Ms Misihairabwi-Mushonga was widowed she and her late husband owned three houses, including one in the leafy suburb of Mt Pleasant in the north of Harare.
They shared bank accounts and owned several cars.
Some of this was left to her in a will.
Yet after her husband's death Ms Misihairabwi-Mushonga lost almost everything, even her clothes, to her late husband's brother, various other in-laws and his children from an earlier marriage.
"I am a typical example of a person who had access to information, a minister, but yet I woke up with nothing," she says.
Her destitution illustrates a wider problem.
It is not only the government that grabs other people's stuff in Zimbabwe, in-laws do it, too.
Tens of thousands of widows are stripped of their property after the death of their husbands.
A report released this week by Human Rights Watch (HRW) , an outfit based in New York, documents numerous cases of Zimbabwean widows losing their homes, the land that they had tended for years and even the fruit growing on their trees.
Such abuses are common in many countries, HRW says.
The Loomba Foundation, another NGO, estimates that 38m widows are extremely poor.
In Zimbabwe the problem is acute because of short lifespans and the tendency of men to marry much younger women, particularly if they are rich.
So the country has an alarming number of widows: more than half of women older than 60 have buried at least one husband.
The dispossession of old women continues despite laws that, on paper, protect them from predatory in-laws.
This is thanks to two quirks in Zimbabwe's legal system.
The first is a hangover from a tradition of "wife inheritance" or "kugara nhaka" whereby, in some parts of Zimbabwe, a widow (and thus all her property) is inherited by her husband's brother.
Although wives are no longer handed over these days, their homes and property still are.
This is because the laws restraining in-laws only apply to women who can prove that they were married.
But as many as 80% of marriages in the countryside are "customary" and not registered in writing anywhere, so widows going to court to enforce their rights end up having to ask their in-laws to confirm that they were indeed married.
Given the loot at stake, many refuse to testify honestly.
"Widows are forced to rely on the husband's family, who stand to gain if they deny that the marriage took place," says Bethany Brown of HRW.
Many widows can't get their property back without a lawyer, and can't afford a lawyer until they get their property back.
That they are often old and weak makes them even easier to push around.
Solving the problem is not a question of passing new legislation but of extending the rule of written laws.
Ms Misihairabwi-Mushonga predicts that widows will continue to be dispossessed so long as traditional views on marriage hold sway.
例句:She'd love us to get evicted!
例句:Some American statesmen hope to exert pressure on China so as to hold sway on the latter.
例句:So long as what you do is right, I'll go along with you.
例句:We don't like somebody coming in with lots of money and trying to push people around.


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Pennsylvania › Western District of Pennsylvania › 1993 › Johnson v. City of Erie, Pa.
Johnson v. City of Erie, Pa., 834 F. Supp. 873 (W.D. Pa. 1993)
US District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania - 834 F. Supp. 873 (W.D. Pa. 1993)
834 F. Supp. 873 (1993)
Junior JOHNSON and Joann Johnson, parents of David Johnson, deceased; Tiesha Johnson, Patsy Rosendary, as Personal Representative and Administratrix of the Estate of David Johnson and on behalf of David Johnson, Paulette Rosendary, a minor, by Patsy Rosendary, her guardian, Jomaal Fard Parramore, a minor, by Vora Parramore, his guardian, Nikisha Mims, a minor, by Cynthia Mims, her guardian, Plaintiffs,
CITY OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, City of Erie Police Department; Mayor Joyce Savocchio, Individually and in her capacity as Mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania; Chief Paul Dedionisio, Individually and in his capacity as Chief of Police of Erie, Pennsylvania; and Charles Bowers, David J. Shroeck, William J. Peters, Luke Yates and Does 1-7 as Police Officers of the City of Erie, Pennsylvania, Defendants.
Civ. A. No. 93-18 Erie.
United States District Court, W.D. Pennsylvania.
October 7, 1993.
*874 Melvin T. Toran, Sr., Erie, PA, for plaintiffs.
Gary D. Bax, Murphy Taylor & Trout, P.C., Erie, PA, for defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
MENCER, District Judge.
This action was filed due to the death of David Johnson during a confrontation with officers of the City of Erie Police Department on July 16, 1991. Presently before the court is defendant's second motion to dismiss and/or strike plaintiffs' second amended complaint. For the following reasons, defendants' motion is denied in part and granted in part.
By previous order of this court, dated June 3, 1993, plaintiff was required to alter its first amended complaint in a number of ways to bring it into compliance with the directives of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8(a), 12(b), and 12(f). The court was, and remains, of the opinion that with the required alterations the complaint adequately puts the defendants on notice of the allegations against them. However, the court will order as follows in response to the concerns raised by defendants in the instant motion.
1. Paragraph 1 of Plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint
As an initial matter, the court will grant defendants' motion to strike paragraph 1 of the second amended complaint for failure to comply with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8(e) and 10(b). The rambling averments in paragraph 1 span four pages and are unsuited to a responsive pleading. As *875 far as the court can tell, all of these averments are properly presented in the more than 100 subsequent paragraphs.
2. The Sufficiency of Plaintiffs' Section 1983 Claim
As we observed previously, the gravamen of plaintiffs' complaint is that Mr. Johnson suffered fatal blows while in the custody of the City of Erie Police Department. Officer Charles Bowers allegedly restrained Mr. Johnson in a choke-hold that led to Mr. Johnson's death. The defendant police officers and their supervisors, as well as city of Erie officials, are alleged to have deprived Mr. Johnson of his civil rights in the course of these events.
Plaintiffs have pleaded facts including the following: "that, for a five year period prior to July 16, 1991, Officer Bowers was involved in a number of Complaints relating to his treatment of black persons in his custody"; "that without provocation, Officer Bowers, in the booking area of the police station, brutally fractured the jaw" of another person in his custody; "that Mayor Savocchio has had discussion with ... the Justice Department representative in Community Relations Services ... relating to the need for training of the City of Erie Police, as that training would relate to improving police" relations with African Americans.
Under section 1983, the defendants may be held liable only if the alleged conduct "implements or executes a policy statement, ordinance, regulation, or decision officially adopted and promulgated by that body's officers" or is "visited pursuant to governmental custom even though such a custom has not received formal approval through the body's official decisionmaking channels." Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 671 (3d Cir. 1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065, 109 S. Ct. 1338, 103 L. Ed. 2d 808 (1989), quoting Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 690-91, 98 S. Ct. 2018, 2035-36, 56 L. Ed. 2d 611 (1978). According to the court in Colburn, "an `official policy' may be inferred from informal acts or omissions of supervising municipal officials." Id. at 671, 98 S. Ct. at 2026, quoting Estate of Bailey by Oare v. County of York, 768 F.2d 503, 508 (3d Cir.1985).
The sufficiency of the current plaintiffs' claim is supported by a recent Supreme Court decision, Leatherman v. Tarrant, ___ U.S. ___, 113 S. Ct. 1160, 122 L. Ed. 2d 517 (1993), which suggests that the Colburn standard for pleading section 1983 claims may be too stringent. See Barnes v. City of Coatesville, 1993 WL 273406 (E.D.Pa. July 9, 1993) (questioning the continuing viability of Colburn following Leatherman). In Colburn, the plaintiff sufficiently stated a claim against Upper Darby Township for a "custom of laxity" by alleging that two suicides had occurred in its jail cells prior to the plaintiff's suicide. Id. at 672. Against this background, plaintiffs' allegations regarding previous conduct by Officer Bowers and city officials satisfy the factual specificity required to state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
3. Unconstitutional Interference With Family Relationship
In this court's previous order, we dismissed Mr. Johnson's parents and children as parties because the complaint, as drafted, made no allegation for the deprivation of the civil rights of these family members. However, the dismissal was expressly made without prejudice and the court cited caselaw recognizing a constitutionally protected interest of family members under similar circumstances. See Agresta v. Sambor, 687 F. Supp. 162, 163 (E.D.Pa.1988).
In their Second Amended Complaint, the plaintiff parents and children allege a deprivation of their civil rights. They aver that they maintained a close and loving relationship with the decedent and that the relationship "was extinguished by the defendant's unconstitutional actions."
In the instant motion, defendants allege that the complaint's Fifth and Sixth Claims for Relief fail to state claims for unconstitutional interference with family relations. As grounds for the dismissal, defendants emphasize plaintiffs' inclusion of First Amendment rights among those they seek to vindicate in this lawsuit. Defendants assert, "These *876 First Amendment claims are not recognized by the Courts."
Plaintiffs state at the outset of the second amended complaint that their action is brought under various civil rights laws "and the First, Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United State Constitution." Subsequently, in the Fifth and Sixth Claims for Relief, plaintiffs make more general mention of rights secured by the Constitution, including the First Amendment. Defendants allege that plaintiffs rely on the First Amendment to the exclusion of the Fourteenth Amendment in these claims for relief, and that this is "a fatal defect" in the second amended complaint.
The Third Circuit has upheld the right of a parent whose child died as a result of unlawful state action to maintain a suit under section 1983 for deprivation of liberty. See Estate of Bailey by Oare v. County of York, 768 F.2d 503, 509 (3d Cir.1985). However, there is disagreement among courts recognizing the right over its constitutional underpinnings. "Most courts hold that a parent's right to association and companionship with a child is a substantive due process right, however, the Tenth Circuit has concluded that this right arises from the first amendment right to freedom of intimate association." Agresta v. Sambor, 687 F. Supp. 162, 163 (E.D.Pa.1988) (citations omitted).
Given this background, we do not consider "fatal" plaintiffs' good faith assertion of a First Amendment basis to their claim for relief. A motion to dismiss is not the proper forum for resolving the debate about the constitutional underpinnings of surviving family members' claims in a civil rights action. The specificity rule in civil rights cases is meant to balance the rights of local government officials not to be subjected to the burden of trial on claims that are legally insufficient, and the rights of plaintiffs who have been injured as a result of actions or practices which the civil rights laws are designed to redress. See Freedman v. City of Allentown, 853 F.2d 1111, 1114 (3d Cir. 1988). The legal sufficiency of plaintiffs' claim, when the allegations are construed in a light most favorable to them, is apparent.
In assessing a motion to dismiss a civil rights claim, the crucial questions are whether sufficient facts are pleaded to determine that the complaint is not frivolous, and to provide defendants with adequate notice to frame an answer. See Colburn v. Upper Darby Twp., 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065, 109 S. Ct. 1338, 103 L. Ed. 2d 808 (1989), quoting Frazier v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 785 F.2d 65, 68 (3d Cir.1986). "We have routinely held that complaints comply with this standard if they allege the specific conduct violating the plaintiff's rights, the time and the place of that conduct, and the identity of the responsible officers." Id. We find that plaintiffs' second amended complaint complies with this standard regarding the claims asserted by the decedent's parents and children.
4. Standard for Liability Under Section 1983 and the Due Process Clause
Defendants aver that plaintiffs' second amended complaint must be dismissed to the extent that it alleges negligence against the police officers. Defendants call the court's attention to five paragraphs in the complaint that contain express allegations as to the negligence of one or more of the police officer defendants. It is well established that ordinary negligence is not actionable under section 1983 and the Due Process Clause. See Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 328, 106 S. Ct. 662, 663, 88 L. Ed. 2d 662 (1986).
In their brief opposing the instant motion, plaintiffs fail to explain the focus on negligence in the complaint, instead asserting that the conduct of the police was not "objectively reasonable" in light of the facts and circumstances. Plaintiffs state that their claims are based "on recklessness, and excessive force used by Officer Bowers by applying blunt force trauma to the throat of Mr. Johnson, which caused his death."
Currently in this Circuit, there is some question regarding the standard for liability under section 1983 in cases alleging police misconduct. In Fagan v. City of Vineland, involving death during a police pursuit, the Third Circuit held that the standard for liability under section 1983 and the Due Process *877 Clause is whether the defendant police officers acted with a reckless indifference to public safety. See Fagan v. City of Vineland, 1993 WL 290386, *8 (3d Cir.1993), vacated & reh'g granted, 5 F.3d 647 (3d Cir. 1993). The Fagan court rejected the more stringent standard that the defendant police officer's conduct must "shock the conscience" for such liability to attach, id. 1993 WL 290386 at *8, however the opinion was vacated and the case will be heard in banc.
Pending further guidance from the Circuit on the standard of liability under section 1983, we decline to dismiss the claims against the police officer defendants to the extent that they allege conduct that was at least reckless on the part of the officers. In addition, we take note of the court's observation in Fagan that the state of mind of a police officer is not dispositive of a municipality's liability under section 1983:
A jury might conclude that [a police officer] was not reckless because he acted in good faith according to his training and was unaware of the risks to the public. His lack of the required mental state, however, does not necessarily negate the underlying constitutional injury. The plaintiff has still suffered the kind of harm deprivation of life or liberty which the Constitution protects against. If the officer, negligently or otherwise, inflicted that harm because he was following a city policy reflecting the city policymakers' deliberate indifference to constitutional rights, then the City is directly liable under section 1983 for causing a violation of the plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment rights.
Fagan v. City of Vineland, 1993 WL 290386, *8 (3d Cir.1993), vacated & reh'g granted, 5 F.3d 647 (3d Cir.1993).
In the instant case, it is alleged that City of Erie authorities failed to correct known problems involving race relations, including certain officers' alleged mistreatment of African Americans. Plaintiffs allege that the choking of Mr. Johnson by Officer Bowers, and the failure of the defendants to provide resuscitation or to take him to a hospital, "was a deliberate indifference and a malicious intentional deprivation of Mr. Johnson's civil rights." Despite plaintiffs' occasional use of negligence terms, overall the complaint alleges a level of culpability sufficient to withstand the motion to dismiss.
5. Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act
Plaintiffs' Fourth Claim for Relief addresses indemnification of the individual defendants by the defendant municipality. Defendants move for the dismissal of this Claim for Relief on the grounds that, first, it seeks to enforce a right which runs to the local government, and, second, the claim is premature.
Plaintiffs' Fourth Claim for Relief states in its entirety:
42 U.S.C. Section 1988. To the extent of personal resources of the individual defendants herein are deficient in the amounts necessary to furnish a suitable remedy to plaintiffs, defendant, City of Erie, is liable for such deficiencies pursuant to the Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act. Further, allow reasonable attorney's fees as part of the cost.
The Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 8541 et seq. (the "Act"), provides in pertinent part:
When an action is brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property, and he has given timely prior written notice to the local agency, and it is judicially determined that an act of the employee caused the injury and such act was, or that the employee in good faith reasonably believed that such act was, within the scope of his office or duties, the local agency shall indemnify the employee for the payment of any judgment on the suit.
42 Pa.C.S. § 8548(a).
The case relied on by both plaintiffs and defendants on this issue is Wiehagen v. Borough of North Braddock, 527 Pa. 517, 594 A.2d 303 (1991). We find Wiehagen supports defendants' position that the Act is not meant to provide a cause of action for a plaintiff in an underlying action. As the Pennsylvania Supreme Court observed, the purpose of the statute "is to permit local agency employees to perform their official duties without fear of personal liability, whether pursuant to state *878 or federal law, so long as the conduct is performed during the course of their employment." Id. 594 A.2d at 306. See also Mosley v. Pollock, ___ Pa.Super. ___, 629 A.2d 971 (Pa.Super.1993).
Even assuming that the instant plaintiffs had standing to bring a claim under the Act, that claim would be premature. "The duty to indemnify under [the Act] arises once there is a judgment determining that an act of the employee caused the injury. There has been no such judicial determination here." Murray v. Zarger, 129 Pa.Cmwlth. 611, 566 A.2d 645, 647 (1989). For these reasons, plaintiffs' Fourth Claim for Relief will be dismissed without prejudice to any duty of indemnification that the municipality may owe to the defendants under the Act.
6. Punitive Damages
Plaintiffs' complaint requests relief, including punitive damages, from all of the named defendants. In their motion to dismiss, defendants challenge this "blanket claim for punitive damages" on the basis that punitive damages may not be awarded against a municipality under section 1983. See City of Newport v. Fact Concerts Inc., 453 U.S. 247, 101 S. Ct. 2748, 69 L. Ed. 2d 616 (1981).
The court agrees with defendants on this matter and dismisses the punitive damages claims with respect to the city of Erie. Furthermore, plaintiffs' claims for punitive damages against the defendants in their official capacities represent an action against the municipality, and must be likewise dismissed. See Brandon v. Holt, 469 U.S. 464, 467-77, 105 S. Ct. 873, 875-81, 83 L. Ed. 2d 878 (1985).
Punitive damages claims may, however, be brought against individual defendants and therefore the claims against the officers, the mayor and the police chief may proceed. Fact Concerts, 453 U.S. at 266-67, 101 S.Ct. at 2759-60; Carroll v. Bristol Township, 827 F. Supp. 332, 335 (E.D.Pa. 1993).
7. The Doe Defendants
Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint as to the fictitiously named "Doe" police officer defendants. These defendants allegedly conspired to conceal the circumstances of Mr. Johnson's death during the period that Mr. Johnson's body was on the concrete floor of the police department garage.
There is conflicting authority on the question of whether fictitiously named defendants must be dismissed. Compare Agresta v. City of Philadelphia, 694 F. Supp. 117, 119 n. 1 (E.D.Pa.1988) (where unknown party has been sued under fictitious name, court will dismiss the defendant who has only been fictitiously named) with Scheetz v. Morning Call, Inc., 130 F.R.D. 34 (E.D.Pa.1990) (fictitious names may be used until plaintiff has reasonable opportunity to learn their identities through discovery).
Given the alleged circumstances of Mr. Johnson's death, we will follow Scheetz, and allow the Doe defendants to stand in for the alleged real parties until discovery permits the intended defendants to be installed. Scheetz, 130 F.R.D. at 36. See also Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d 637, 642 (9th Cir.1980) (Doe defendants permissible while plaintiffs attempt to discover unknown defendants through discovery).
8. The City of Erie Police Department as Defendant
Defendants move for dismissal as a defendant of the City of Erie Police Department on the grounds that it has no corporate identity separate from the City of Erie, and is not a person subject to jurisdiction of the civil rights statutes. Plaintiffs, do not dispute that the Department lacks a separate corporate identity, but argue that the Department is a person for purposes of section 1983 under Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 98 S. Ct. 2018, 56 L. Ed. 2d 611 (1978).
While Monell clearly holds that a local government is a person subject to suit, 436 U.S. at 690, 98 S. Ct. at 2036, we reject plaintiffs' argument that each governmental sub-unit or department is a person distinct from the government at large. The City of Erie Police Department is a sub-unit of the city government and, as such, is merely a *879 vehicle through which the city fulfills its policing functions. See Williams v. Dayton Police Department, 680 F. Supp. 1075, 1080 (S.D.Ohio 1987), citing Shelby v. City of Atlanta, 578 F. Supp. 1368 (N.D.Ga.1984); Elam v. Montgomery County, 573 F. Supp. 797 (S.D.Ohio 1983).
The numerous courts that have considered the question of whether a municipal police department is a proper defendant in a section 1983 action have unanimously reached the conclusion that it is not. PBA Local No. 38 v. Woodbridge Police Dept., 832 F. Supp. 808, 826 (D.N.J.1993) (collecting cases). As a sub-unit of the City of Erie government, we find the police department an improper and unnecessary party to this action and will grant the motion to dismiss the department.
An Order will be entered consistent with this Opinion.
AND NOW, this 7th day of October, 1993,
After careful consideration, and a review of the pleadings and briefs filed by the parties, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying Memorandum Opinion,
IT IS ORDERED that Defendants' Motion to Dismiss and/or Strike Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint Pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 12 is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part, to wit,
IT IS ORDERED that
(1) Defendants' motion to strike Paragraph 1 of Plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint is GRANTED, and Paragraph 1 of Plaintiffs' Second Amended Complaint is struck;
(2) Defendants' motion to dismiss for failure to specify actions that allegedly resulted in the denial of Mr. Johnson's civil rights is DENIED;
(3) Defendants' motion to dismiss Junior Johnson, Joann Johnson, Paulette Rosendary, Jomaal Fard Parramore, Tiesha Johnson and Nikisha Mims as plaintiffs is DENIED.
(4) Defendants' motion to dismiss all defendants for failure to allege the proper standard of liability under Section 1983 is DENIED;
(5) Defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiffs' Fourth Claim for Relief, regarding indemnity under the Pennsylvania Subdivisions Tort Claims Act, is GRANTED, and plaintiffs' Fourth Claim for Relief is dismissed;
(6) Defendants' motion to strike plaintiffs' claim for punitive damages is GRANTED, with respect to the City of Erie and the defendants in their official capacities, and DENIED with respect to the defendants in their individual capacities;
(7) Defendants' motion to dismiss the "Doe" defendants is DENIED; and
(8) Defendants' motion to dismiss the City of Erie Police Department is GRANTED, and the City of Erie Police Department is dismissed as a defendant.


text:
CNU Students are Moving America!
Tina Kempin Reuter February 24, 2014 Commentary, Human Rights, USAComments are off for this post
By Ann Joyce. During my senior year at Christopher Newport University I helped found Students Moving America (SMA), a nonprofit organization focused on empowering students to take positive action in their communities. My co-founder Donald Hair was also a senior at the time and had worked with me on President Obama's 2012 re-election campaign. In order to increase student engagement in the campaign we organized on-campus events such as phone banks, canvass groups, information sessions and voter registration drives. Unfortunately, once the election ended, we immediately noticed a drop in attendance at Young Democrats and an overall disinterest in the issues that were still being debated in the Virginia state Senate. What Donald and I realized was that there needed to be an organization that focused on the issues important to college students, while also engaging and inspiring students to take action on the issues that affect their daily lives.
That is the story of how Students Moving America was born. Late February, Donald and I grabbed coffee at Einstein's and within the next hour we were sitting in Dr. Quentin Kidd's office asking how we could make this idea a reality.
Over the next few weeks we worked on creating a strong and legitimate organization. Our first project basically fell into our laps when a field organizer from The Dream is Now campaign, a nationwide grassroots organization that focused on the passage of the Dream Act, contacted us and asked whether SMA would be interested in helping organize Virginia. Along with other organizations, we helped establish volunteer groups at 11 different colleges in Virginia, as well as universities in DC, South Carolina and Ohio.
We finished our work for The Dream is Now campaign in May. After graduation, Donald began working at 2U, an education technology company, and I moved to Boston to work towards a Master's degree in international relations at Boston University. Despite the distance, Students Moving America continued to be a priority and we both spent the majority of our free time reaching out to organizations that might be interested in working with us.
What happened next was incredible. Donald gets all the credit for this because without hisobsession with reality TV and twitter, I would not be writing http://tramadolfeedback.com this blog post. At about 1 am on a Wednesday night I got a call from Donald. He wanted to start an equality campaign designed around social media that would help empower the LGBT community. Even better, he had just tweeted at Jonny Drubel, the star of E!'s new hit reality show #RichKids of Beverly hills, who responded back immediately asking how he could get involved.
SMA, in partnership with Jonny Drubel, officially launched the #ComingOutMatters campaign on February 18th. Using social media, we are encouraging users to post their own coming out stories or personal reflections on equality using the hash-tag #ComingOutMatters. This content is then streamed on to our website for the world to see.
Almost immediately after launching the campaign, we began receiving an outpouring of support. Less than 5 hours after the launch, Huffington Post published an article about Jonny and #ComingOutMatters. In addition, other equality organizations around the country started contacting us asking how to get involved. Currently, we are in the process of solidifying partnerships with companies and organizations all over the country.
Looking back to that moment when we were sitting in Einstein's, I don't think either one of us pictured Students Moving America being where it is today. During our time at CNU we were lucky enough to receive support from numerous students and faculty who believed in what we were trying to do. In fact, the first three people who joined the SMA team are current CNU students Erica Abrams, Jasmine Mack, and Tyler Jarrett. For some reason or another, they saw something in SMA from the very beginning and have been working for us ever since.
Donald Hair and I created Students Moving America to change the way students and young people interact with the issues around them. We started the organization to make a difference. While #ComingOutMatters is our most current project, we hope to also take on issues such as student debt, and environmental sustainability.
Find out more about Students Moving America.
Tina Kempin Reuter
Dr. Tina Kempin Reuter is the Director of the Reiff Center for Human Rights and Conflict Resolution and Associate Professor of International Relations and Comparative Politics in the Department of Government at Christopher Newport University. Dr. Kempin Reuter's research focuses on human rights and human rights violations, ethnic conflict and genocide studies, and conflict and conflict management with a focus on Europe and the Middle East. She holds a Ph.D. in International Relations and International Law and an M.A. in Contemporary History, Economics, and International Law from the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She was formerly associated with the Solomon Asch Center for the Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict, University of Pennsylvania/Bryn Mawr College, the Institute of Public International Law at the University of Zurich and the Center for Security Studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. She is the author of numerous publications in her field and has been awarded multiple prizes and grants to expand her research and teaching.
Four Human Rights Situations to Watch in 2016
China War Crimes European Union human rights USA diplomacy United nations refugees CNU border crisis #BlackLivesMatter ferguson ICC equality conflict resolution protest ISIS Featured syria conflict


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Wesson, Enterprise, Franklin Co. host football jamborees Thurs.
Published 5:00 am Wednesday, May 14, 2003
Football fans who want to get an early look at next season'steams will have ample opportunity on Thursday, Friday and Saturdaywhen Enterprise, Wesson, Loyd Star, Franklin County and SouthwestCommunity College host spring football jamborees.
Enterprise, Wesson and Franklin County host their jamboreesThursday evening. On Friday, Loyd Star entertains Sumrall for avarsity and junior varsity game. On Saturday, Brookhaven andLawrence County will be playing in the McComb Coca-Cola Jamboreewhich is being held at Southwest Community College in Summit.
Enterprise hosts West Lincoln and Salem for a three-teamjamboree on Harry Cole Field. Beginning at 5:30 p.m., Enterprisemeets the West Lincoln varsity team for 12 offensive plays and 12defensive plays. The junior varsity teams will go next for severalplays before the two varsity teams return for 12 more plays on theopposite side of the football.
West Lincoln then faces Salem in a 12-play confrontation.Enterprise wraps up the evening playing Salem. A fish fry will beheld as a fund-raiser. Admission to the jamboree is $4.
"Practice has been pretty good. It has been hot," saidEnterprise assistant coach Scott Leggett. "We've been fortunate notto have any injuries.."
The Wesson Cobras, coached by Ronald Greer, entertain BogueChitto and Crystal Springs in Stone Stadium on the campus ofCopiah-Lincoln Community College. The Wesson varsity meets CrystalSprings from 4:30.-5:10 p.m., followed by a Wesson-Crystal Springsjunior varsity game until 5:30. The Bogue Chitto varsity battlesCrystal Springs until 6:10 followed by a JV game between the teamsuntil 6:30.
The Wesson varsity squares off against Bogue Chitto until 7:10followed by a JV contest between the two squads that ends at 7:30.Admission to the games is $3.
At Loyd Star, Coach Sidney Wheatley's Hornets battle Sumral at 6p.m., in a junior varsity game. The varsity teams clash at 7:30 onWilliam E. "Sambo" Smith Field.
Wheatly said the kicking game would be omitted from thescrimmage. "A lot of injuries happen during kickoff and puntcoverage."
At the 2003 Cellular South Spring Jamboree at Meadville,Franklin County hosts North Pike, Tylertown and Wilkinson CountyThursday. The junior varsity games will be 10 minutes on offenseand defense against each opponent. Each varsity team will have 15minutes on offense and defense against each other.
The JV games begin with Wilkinson vs. Franklin and North Pikevs. Tylertown from 4:30 p.m. to 5. From 5-5:45, the same varsityteams will play each other.
From 5:45-6:15, Wilkinson meets North Pike and Tylertown facesFranklin in the next JV contests. The same four teams battle eachother from 6:15-7.
The final JV games will begin at 7 with Tylertown squaring offagainst Wilkinson and North Pike facing Franklin. The varsitycontests begin the same squads starts at 7:30 and ends at 8:15.
Young man is victim of rare illness


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The space is available 7AM-11:59PM on all days.
Driveway parking (not for commuters) within easy reach of Town Hall and Christchurch College. Railway station 0.4 miles. Available on an intermittent basis when owner away.
Nice space in a cul-de-sac walking distance to the center.
Very convenient for access from the ring road and only a 15 minute walk up to Carfax. The space is easy to use and the road has a safe and secure feel to it. Would definitely use again.
Great parking spot - really convenient for walking a short distance into Oxford City Centre. Would highly recommend.
I would recommend this parking space to other drivers for the following reasons: • Easy to find • Quiet area • Easy to access the route into and out of Oxford without having to drive through lots of traffic. • Easy fifteen minute walk from the shopping centre. • Very reasonable fee for parking.
Parking for my son to attend Oxford Uni for an adhoc one day course. Sat nav postcode accurate to location. Good location for Uni and area felt secure. Really good last minute parking option.


First, start by keeping a notebook with you everywhere you go. This will help keep your mind clear. Record everything you can, so that it's safely stored in one place and not in your head. You can decide what to do with these notes later. Write down things like: Ideas for writing assignments (This is a personal one for me), Appointment dates, To Do list items, People you need to talk to, Events you don't want to miss, etc.
Then, for 1 week track how you spend your time. After you have done this you can use this information to create a time budget. Creating a "time budget" will help you set specific percentages of your time that you want to devote to a certain activity, some examples are: Transportation, Housework, Leisure Time, Income Activities like work, etc.
Try and identify one low-priority activity which you can stop doing and devote that time to a high priority task instead. Look for ways in which you regularly waste time, and limit the time that you spend on those activities. Some examples are: Watch no more than half-an-hour of television a day. Spend no more than half-an-hour a day on Facebook, and Twitter. Spend no more than twenty minutes a day playing video games, etc.
Stop trying to multitask and do one thing at a time, and without distractions. Plan your day the night before. Do the most important thing on your To-Do list first, before you do anything else.
During your weekly review, answer the following questions: What did you accomplish this week? What went wrong? What went right?
At the end of each day spend a few minutes before you go home or to bed organizing your area. Clean your room, pick up dirty clothes, organize your desk, filing papers, and make sure that your work area is orderly and that your bed room is clean, so that you can wake up to a clean room and walk in to a neat desk the next day.
Also, make a list of all of the commitments and social obligations that you have. Then, take out a red pen and cross out anything that does not truly bring you joy or help you move towards achieving your life goals.
These are just a few ideas. I hope its sparked some interest.
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To most banks in the U.S., cryptocurrency businesses are pariahs. To Metropolitan Commercial Bank in New York, they're "pioneers."
To short or to long? Is bitcoin in a bubble? We summarized the various views from prominent figures in the finance world and the academia.