text:
VHS SEX: An Interview with Com Truise
Com Truise's electric panoply of radioactive synth driven melodies is picking up where the likes of forefathers of synth-pop Geogio Moroder, Harald Grosskopf, and Kraftwerk left off. In a nostalgic, yet with a uniquely contemporary cleanliness, listening to the carefully crafted songs of Com Truise is like unearthing some kind of long lost record from a time capsule which has been hermetically sealed in the center of the earth for the last 20 years. Combining vintage synthesizers with advanced modern day technology Truise proves to be an alchemical artist–even with the briefest listen it is absolutely safe to assume he is a master of his craft. And like his current alias is a play on words (other aliases include Sarin Sunday, SYSTM, and Airliner), Cruise's music is a play on music itself, because each dark and psychotically ethereal audioscape is the mark of an obsessive who is pushing the limits of modern sound. Jean-Jacques Rousseau is famously quoted from his Dictionary of Music, "Could we not imagine that noise...is itself nothing more than the sum of a multitude of different sounds which are being heard simultaneously?" Which brings us to the eternal question: what the fuck makes music in the first place. Com Truise was born Seth Haley in the suburbs of upstate New York where I can easily picture him in his childhood room surrounded by the ubiquitous sounds of early Nintendo and the synthy intros of countless low budget tv action shows like Quantum Leap and Night Rider. Or even the soft-corn porno's of Emmanuel, because Com Truise's music would make the perfect score for a sex scene in the rain. In June, Com Truise, who makes what he calls "mid-fi synth-wave, slow-motion funk" out of a tiny apartment in Princeton, New Jersey, released his first full-length, entitled Galactic Melt. Pas Un Autre contributors Abbey Meaker and Sean Martin caught up with Com Truise, who is currently on tour with the Glitch Mob, when he made a stop in Burlington, Vermont to ask a few pressing questions.
Is there a special synth you are mildly attached to? Right now? I just picked up an Octocat – I'm pretty sure mine is form 79. I picked it up in Austin on tour and incorporated it in a live show the next day, so I am really excited to record with it, because I don't really have my writing situation figured out on the road.
That leads into my next question: Recording or live? Recording. I am much more of a producer than a performer. It's just me on stage right now so there is only so much to look at. I move around as much as I can but on this tour I can't really do visual [editors note: Glitch Mob, with whom he is on tour, already uses heavy visuals in their act]. For my next tour I am going to have a drummer. If it's just me and a drummer it will be so much better. I am super excited for that.
I know you design your tee shirts–do you think the total package is necessary? Am I going to see you in a helmet or some face paint anytime? I am going to have a special suit built. Not a full suit–just a strange jacket a pants. Future World Orchestra, on their album cover, they look like Jedi's and that kind of inspired the idea.
Hyphenated phrase describing Com Truise? Slow motion synth wave funk. That's usually how I describe the long of it. The short of it I just say synth-wave.
Do you sit down to work or do you wait for inspiration? Before this tour I was in the ad industry for 5 years, and the last position I had was the creative director for a pharmaceutical agency. What learned in advertising has given me one leg up in this sort of thing because I am so picky about branding. Your creative freedom is squashed. When I go home I erase the extra pressure but keep the brand in mind.
Europe or North America? I've only had the opportunity to play in Sweden. I will be in Europe for November, so ask me then. I have been on tour since June. I love North America, but the way I kind of explained it, just talking to a friend–not about music but about traveling in general, the United States is one giant different culture. Wherever you go there are the same things.
Necessities on the road? Whiskey.
Brand? Jack Daniels or Buffalo Trace, clean socks, American Apparel tee-shirts.
What VHS is currently in your VCR? James Bond Golden eye. It was the last VHS tape I recorded. That and Groove about the rave culture.
Do you feel like romance fits into your music? There is something hot about your music. I think I have that in the back of my mind and I try to put in there, but I don't always bring it to the forefront. Some songs I want sexy and some songs I want dark.
You mentioned you're influenced by the Cocteau Twins. What decade do you think you should have been born in? 26 in '85 or '86. That's where I go to look for inspiration. I go to that time period and usually find what I'm looking for. Being able to go to the record store the day the record came out would have been unreal.
Future aspirations. Do you want to do soundtracks Video soundtracks? Scoring films. We've been talking to a few people about working on video games and producing for other people. Video game soundtracks are right up my alley. I will always try to inject my sound as far in the world as possible.
Intro text by Oliver Maxwell Kupper Interview by Sean Martin Photography by Abbey Meaker
www.comtruise.com
In Music Tags abbey meaker, com truise, Geogio Moroder, Harald Grosskopf, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Kraftwerk, sean martin, seth haley, seth haley com truise, 2011


Pointer (canis avicularis), a well known sporting dog belonging to the race of hounds, which it resembles in general aspect, character, and colors. Though frequently called Spanish, and probably introduced by the Phoenicians into western Europe from Spain, the breed is generally believed to have originated in the East. Their habit of standing fixed and pointing to game is the result of a long course of severe training; and, from the succession of generations educated to this purpose, the faculty has become innate to such a degree that young dogs of the pure breed point with scarcely any instruction; good dogs have been known to stand pointing for an hour at a time. When shooting supplanted hawking and coursing, in the latter part of the 17th century, the pointer and other trained dogs took the place of the more powerful, fiercer, and swifter hounds. The hair of the pointer is smooth, sometimes marked like the foxhound's, but generally with more spreading dark colors; and some of the best breed are entirely black.
The thoroughbred Spanish pointer has the nostrils separated by a deep groove, and their wings dilated and very sensitive.


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Blue Sky Studios je američki filmski studio za računalnu animaciju sa sjedištem u Greenwichu, Connecticut. Podružnica je tvrtke 20th Century Fox Animation, podjela Walt Disney Studios. Studio su 1987. osnovali Chris Wedge, Michael Ferraro, Carl Ludwig, Alison Brown, David Brown i Eugene Troubetzkoy, nakon što je tvrtka u kojoj su radili, MAGI, jedan od studija vizualnih efekata iza Trona, zatvoren. Koristeći svoj interni softver za prikazivanje, studio je radio na vizualnim efektima za reklame i filmove, prije nego što se posve posvetio produkciji animiranih filmova 2002. godine, počevši s izdavanjem Ledenog doba.

Ledeno doba i Rio najuspješnije su franšize u studiju, dok su Horton i Snoopy i Charlie Brown: Peanuts Film  njegovi najkritičniji filmovi. Scrat, lik iz filmova Ledeno doba, od 2013. godine je maskota studija.

Blue Sky Studios bio je podružnica tvrtke 20th Century Animation sve do Disneyeve akvizicije kao dio stjecanja imovine 21st Century Fox-a 2019. U veljači 2021. Disney je najavio da će se Blue Sky ugasiti u travnju 2021. godine, navodeći ekonomski utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 u svom poslovanju. Studio je ugašen 10. travnja 2021. godine.

Povijest

1989–2002: televizijske reklame i vizualni efekti
Kroz kasne osamdesete i devedesete godine Blue Sky Studios koncentrirali su se na produkciju televizijskih reklama i vizualne efekte za film. Studio je započeo animiranjem reklama koje su prikazale mehanizme kapsula za oslobađanje vremena za farmaceutske korporacije. Studio je također producirao reklamu Chock Full O 'Nuts s kavom u zrnu i razvio prve računalno animirane M&M. Pomoću CGI Studio, studio je proizveo više od 200 drugih reklama za klijente kao što su Chrysler, General Foods, Texaco i marinci Sjedinjenih Država.

MTV je 1996. godine surađivao sa Studijem Blue Sky na filmu Joe's Apartment, za koji je Blue Sky animirao likove insekata. Ostali klijenti uključuju Bell Atlantic, Rayovac, Gillette i Braun. Reklama za Braun dobila je nagradu CLIO za oglašavanje. U kolovozu 1997. godine tvrtka VIFX sa sjedištem u Los Angelesu stekla je većinski interes za Blue Sky Studios radi osnivanja nove kompanije za vizualne efekte i animaciju, privremeno preimenovane u "Blue Sky / VIFX". Nakon širenja studija, Blue Sky stvorio je animaciju likova za filmove Alien Resurrection (1997), Simple Wish (1997), Mouse Hunt (1997), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998) i Fight Club (1999).

U međuvremenu, Chris Wedge, počevši od 1990. godine, radio je na kratkom filmu nazvanom Bunny, namijenjenom demonstraciji CGI Studio. Wedge je u to vrijeme bio savjetnik za tezu od Carlosa Saldanha, dok je Saldanha bio student na školi za vizualne umjetnosti; Wedge je za to vrijeme dijelio ploče s knjigama za Bunnyja sa Saldanhom. Nakon diplome Saldanha, Blue Sky Studios angažirali su ga kao animatora, a kasnije je režirao nekoliko reklama. Tek 1996. kada je Nina Rappaport, producentica u Blue Sky Studios, dodijelila Wedgeu da dovrši projekt Bunny, za koji je CGI Studio trebao donijeti krzno, staklo i metal iz više izvora svjetlosti, poput ljuljajuće žarulje i ljuljačke " eterični oblačni oblik ". U početnim fazama projekta Bunny, Carl Ludwig izmijenio je CGI Studio kako bi simulirao radiostanost, koja prati svjetlosne zrake kako se odbijaju od više površina. Studio Blue Sky objavio je Bunnyja 1998. godine, a dobio je i nagradu Akademija za najbolji animirani kratki film. Bunnyjev uspjeh Studio Blue Sky dao je priliku za produkciju dugometražnih filmova.

2002–2018: filmovi pod 20. Century Foxom
U ožujku 1999. Fox je odlučio prodati VIFX drugoj kući za vizualne efekte, Rhythm & Hues Studios, dok će Blue Sky Studios ostati pod Foxom. Prema Chrisu Wedgeu, Fox je razmatrao prodaju Blue Skya već od 2000. godine zbog financijskih poteškoća u industriji vizualnih efekata općenito. Umjesto toga, Wedge, producent filma Lori Forte i izvršni direktor animacije Chris Meledandri predstavili su Foxu scenarij za komični igrani film pod nazivom Ledeno doba. Rukovodstvo studija pritiskalo je osoblje da prodaju preostale dionice i opcije Foxu uz obećanje da će se nastaviti zaposliti na dugometražnim filmovima. Studio se preselio u White Plains NY i započeo produkciju za Ledeno doba. Dok se film zamotavao, Fox se bojao da će se možda loše proći na blagajni. Raskinuli su polovinu produkcijskog osoblja i bezuspješno pokušavali pronaći kupca za film i studio. Umjesto toga, Ice Age je 15. ožujka 2002. objavljen u 20. Century Foxu i bio je presudan i komercijalni uspjeh, primajući nominacija za nagradu Akademija za najbolje animirano djelo na 75. nagradama Akademije 2003. Film je Blue Sky uspostavio kao treći studio, nakon Pixara i DreamWorks Animation-a, koji je započeo uspješnu CGI franšizu.

U siječnju 2009. studio se preselio iz White Plainsa, New York, u Greenwich, Connecticut, iskoristivši porezni kredit od 30 posto i imao više prostora za rast. Studio je u travnju 2017. izjavio da namjerava ostati u Connecticutu do 2025. godine.

Chris Wedge je 2013. godine uzeo dopust da režira računalno-animirani film Monster Trucks. Otada se vratio u Blue Sky Studios i radi na više projekata za tvrtku.

2019-2021: Disneyevo doba
Blue Sky Studios kupila je kompanija Walt Disney kao dio njihove 2019. kupnje kompanije 21st Century Fox koja je zaključena 20. ožujka 2019. Disney je 21. ožujka objavio da će Blue Sky Studios i njegova matična tvrtka 20th Century Fox Animation biti integrirani kao jedinice u studiju Walt Disney s kopredsjednicima Andrea Miloro i Robertom Bairdom koji nastavljaju voditi studio izvještavajući s predsjednikom Walt Disney Studios Alanom Hornom. U srpnju 2019. Miloro je najavio da će odstupiti od uloge kopredsjednika, ostavljajući Bairda kao jedinog predsjednika.

U kolovozu 2019. godine bivši voditelj Walt Disney Animation Studios Andrew Millstein imenovan je za kopredsjednika Blue Sky Studios zajedno s Bairdom, dok će predsjednik Pixar Animation Studios Jim Morris također preuzeti nadzornu ulogu.

9. veljače 2021. godine Disney je najavio da će zatvoriti Blue Sky Studios u travnju 2021. Tvrtka je objasnila da s obzirom na kontinuirani gospodarski utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na sva njegova poduzeća, za njih više nije održivo voditi treći studio za animaciju. Osim toga, zbog zatvaranja je otkazana produkcija filmske adaptacije webkomika Nimona, koja je prvotno trebala biti objavljena 14. siječnja 2022. godine. Filmsku biblioteku studija i intelektualna svojstva zadržava Disney. Iako Disney nije naveo točan datum kada će se studio u početku zatvoriti, bivši animator Rick Fournier potvrdio je 10. travnja da im je to zadnji dan rada, tri dana nakon što je suosnivač Chris Wedge objavio oproštajno pismo na društvenim mrežama.

Prethodna web stranica Blue Sky Studiosa od 19. lipnja 2021. sada preusmjerava na Disney.com.

Filmografija
Svi filmovi su sinkronizirani na hrvatskom

Ledeno doba (2002.)
Roboti (2005.)
Ledeno doba 2: Zatopljenje (2006.)
Horton (2008.)
Ledeno doba 3: Dinosauri dolaze (2009.)
Rio (2011.)
Ledeno doba 4: Zemlja se trese (2012.)
Čuvari šume: Tajanstveni svijet (2013.)
Rio 2 (2014.)
Snoopy i Charlie Brown: Peanuts Film (2015.)
Ledeno doba: Veliki udar (2016.)
Ferdinand (2017.)
Špijunaža i kamuflaža (2019.)

Vidi još
Walt Disney Animation Studios
Pixar
DreamWorks Animation
Illumination Entertainment
Vanguard Animation
Sony Pictures Animation

Vanjske poveznice

Službena stranica

Animacijski studiji

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the second year, I worked with Mass Mutual and actor Hill Harper on the #FutureSmart campaign. How does this have to do with living a creative lifestyle? Well, sit right down and I'll gladly explain!
No matter what kind of life we live, funds are a must to keep a roof over our heads, nourish our bodies, get to and from jobs, and so much more. .
The FutureSmart program is all about teaching kids (or kids at heart) at a young age to make smart money choices, to open a savings account, and be self-aware of their buying choices. As a mom of two twenty-somethings, I know this is crucial information. The way we teach our kids about money will stay with them as adults. We want our kids to be self-reliant and independent and free of financial stress. The earlier they learn, the better.
I love that Hill Harper is so dedicated to this cause. He is one busy guy, he is a well know actor, speaker, bestselling author and even launched his own skincare line. His list of accomplishments is crazy. And rather than focus on his own life, he makes time for this program.
Three of us Phoenix bloggers interviewed him before the kids rolled in.
Hill Harper, Dylan from WellKeptWallet.com and Holly from AsCuteAsAbugsEar.com.
I wish I had this experience as a kid. Growing up, my parents always said things like "You better save money!" Money doesn't grow on trees!" – the usual lectures. But they never actually showed us HOW to save money. It took me going flat broke at age 22 to admit to my parents my rent was past due, my car payment was past due, and I had a couple thousands of dollars in credit card bills after a trip to Europe.
My dad sat down with me and we went over each bill and I learned from that day forward how to make better choices. And still, to this day, I feel like I'm still learning!
FutureSmart is such a brilliant program for kids. My kids are moved out, but I still shared this with them. Here is the website, if you have kids or grandkids, take time to introduce them to this awesome info! It's FREE.
There are different courses that kids can take at home, or in the classroom. You can even register your kid's school to see if they can be a part of the different arena tours FutureSmart holds around the country.
The MassMutual Foundation has teamed up with select NBA teams to educate middle school students about smart money management through live interactive events. To date, FutureSmart Challenge events have educated more than 40,000 students across 17 major cities: Atlanta, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Memphis, Miami, Oakland, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Portland, Salt Lake City, and Springfield.
This slide up here is what blew my mind. If we can get our kids to start saving 5% of everything they bring in, they will definitely have a more secure future. We have to do more than just say, "Save your money!" We have to take them to the bank, open a savings account and teach them to set aside those funds. Help them start a new healthy habit.
By the way, we can do it for ourselves, too!
Now let's talk Hill Harper. I hadn't heard of him until last year's FutureSmart event. Ever since I've seen him everywhere! Did I mention he went to Harvard and is a cancer survivor? And he hosts these FutureSmart events all over the country!
None of that gets in the way of his humbleness and kindness. He is so genuine with his time and attention. He sat down with each one of us bloggers before he started the arena presentation. He is truly passionate about helping people of all ages get right with their wallet!
Here is my interview, I asked about how someone at my age can still work to save money, here's what he said!
Okay, if you can't listen – he told me that people my age are the sandwich generation. We are caring for our kids, as well as our parents. We often put ourselves last because of that. However, he said 50 is only "halfway" through life – we have a long way to go and it's smart to set up a savings plan that won't be touched for at least 10 years. He told me to leave my 401k savings, but move it to a plan to help it grow.
Basically: IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO SAVE AND/OR MAKE MONEY!
Talk to them about smart money choices, teach them to research before they buy.
Open a savings account and put money in regularly, even if it is a little at a time.
Take them grocery shopping and teach them how to choose wisely.
Talk about college at a young age, help prepare their minds for the idea.
Help them learn how to make a plan – whether it is for homework, saving money, etc. Once they learn the power of planning ahead, they will be ahead of the game!
I really loved my time at this event – and sharing these tips with all of you! How did your parents teach you about money – and how did it affect the way you taught your own kids? I'd love to know!
And don't forget to check out the #FutureSmart program!


There's nothing quite like freshly baked rolls. These delicious rolls are a must for holiday meals, or a good Sunday dinner.
Instructions for whole wheat rolls are also included.
Measure a little more milk than called for in a microwave safe container (some will evaporate). Scald the milk by microwaving it until it boils rapidly but doesn't overflow, about 1 ½ minutes. Let cool to 105-115 degrees.
When the temperature is correct re-measure the milk and add the instant yeast and mix well. Cover and set aside 5-10 minutes.
Measure the flour and eggs in a stand mixer or in a large bowl if mixing by hand. When the milk is ready add it to the flour and knead until just combined.
The proteins in un-scalded milk attack the gluten, scalding breaks these proteins down.
If you don't have a thermometer, go by touch. It should be the temperature of a hot bath, however if the yeast is added above 115 degrees it will kill some of the cells. Adding it when it's colder is fine, but it will take longer to rise.
Normally instant yeast doesn't need to be hydrated. This first dough however is dry and the yeast won't be activated soon enough if it isn't. If you use active dry yeast, use 1/8 t more.
The dough will be very stiff and dry. Cover with plastic wrap and autolyse (let it rest) 15-20 minutes. The wheat dough will be a little stickier at this point, but by the end of the autolyse, it will be drier.
Measure the sugar, salt, and butter. If the butter is hard, microwave it for 10 seconds or until softened but not melting.
Add to the dough and knead 5 minutes.
The dough should be sticky and will not clean the sides of the bowl. The wheat dough should be a similar consistency to the white, just a bit stiffer.
Even though it's sticky, it should be able to hold a shape when you form it into a ball. Cover and rise 90 minutes.
It should double in size.
Spray a cookie sheet with cooking spray and set aside. On your work surface, mark off an area 35 inches in length and 10 inches in height. If you have a canvas mat, flour it. If not, spray the work surface with cooking spray and lightly coat with flour. Remove the dough from the bowl and stretch it in the air as far as you can before it tears.
Set on prepared surface and lightly flour the top. Roll out in a rectangle 30 inches long and 8 inches tall. Try to make the dough an even thickness throughout.
With a pizza cutter, cut all edges to make an even rectangle. Add the cut pieces any thin spots, or place evenly in the middle of the dough.
An even thickness is important to forming even rolls. A piece of dough even a little thinner will look a lot different from a thicker piece. It is difficult to make an even thickness, just get it as close as you can.
With the pizza cutter, slice the dough diagonally to form 12 even rolls. Add the dough on the ends to any weak spots. Each piece should be 4 1/2 -5 inches on the top and come to a sharp point on the bottom.
Starting at the wide end, roll each piece compactly (not loose, but not too tight). Place on prepared cookie sheet with the point facing down almost touching the cookie sheet.
Cover them loosely with plastic wrap, but seal the edges well. This gives it room to rise, but encloses it so it won't dry out.
If the point is on the top, the roll will break open during cooking. Sometimes they will completely unravel. The point should touch the pan or be slightly tucked under.
I have three methods listed for the final rise. My favorite is the overnight refrigeration. The dough rises very slowly for up to 12 hours in the fridge. The slow rise improves the taste and texture of the dough. Also it's convenient to have the majority of the work and the mess done with the day before baking.
The rising time depends on the temperature of the room. They will rise much faster in a warm place. To speed the process, place a heating pad under the pan.
Remove 2 hours before baking. Re-lay the plastic wrap loosely on top. Remove plastic wrap and pre-heat oven 20 minutes before baking.
Bake the rolls at 350 for 15 minutes. They should be browned on the top and cooked through. Immediately remove them from the hot pan and place them in a cloth lined basket or bowl. Serve hot.
If you plan to serve them later, cool completely on a cooling rack. Place them in plastic bags until use.
Baking the rolls at a higher heat (even just 25 degrees hotter) over-bakes the tops before the insides are done.
The dough will be stickier after the first knead because wheat flour takes longer to absorb liquid than white flour. After the autolyse the dough will be very stiff.
With the additions of the butter, sugar and salt, the dough will be soft and sticky.
It should hold a soft shape just like the white dough. The consistency will be very similar to the white rolls, just a bit stiffer.
Rise, shape, rise, and bake just as you would the white rolls.
Hard Butter- The butter in the dough can be a problem if it is hard. It will not mix properly and the dough will be lumpy rather than smooth.
Too little flour- The dough should be very sticky, but if the rolls won't hold a shape, it doesn't have enough flour.
Too much flour- With too much flour, the rolls will be dense, dry, and unable to rise properly.
Overproofing- If the dough or the rolls are left to rise too long it will overferment. This produces a yeasty taste. They also may deflate before getting them in the oven.
Underproofing- Underproofed dough will have a tight crumb, making them too dense.
Shape- The crescent shape is ideal for this recipe. When I have made them round-shaped, they aren't as light and just not as good. I will post a different recipe for round rolls sometime.
1. Measure a little more milk than called for in a microwave safe container (some will evaporate). (1)Scald the milk by microwaving it until it boils rapidly but doesn't overflow, about 1 ½ minutes. Let cool to (2)105-115 degrees. When the temperature is correct re-measure the milk and add the (3)instant yeast and mix well. Cover and set aside 5-10 minutes. Measure the flour and eggs in a stand mixer or in a large bowl if mixing by hand. When the milk is ready add it to the flour and knead until just combined. The dough will be very stiff and dry. Cover with plastic wrap and autolyse (let it rest) 15-20 minutes. The wheat dough will be a little stickier at this point, but by the end of the autolyse, it will be drier.
2. Measure the sugar, salt, and butter. If the butter is hard, microwave it for 10 seconds or until softened but not melting. Add to the dough and knead 5 minutes. The dough should be sticky and will not clean the sides of the bowl. Even though it's sticky, it should be able to hold a shape when you form it into a ball. The wheat dough should be a similar consistency to the white, just a bit stiffer. Cover and rise 90 minutes. It should double in size.
3. Spray a cookie sheet with cooking spray and set aside. On your work surface, mark off an area 35 inches in length and 10 inches in height. If you have a canvas mat, flour it. If not, spray the work surface with cooking spray and lightly coat with flour. Remove the dough from the bowl and stretch it in the air as long as you can before it tears. Set on prepared surface and lightly flour the top. Roll out in a rectangle 30 x 8 inches. Try to make the dough an even (4)thickness throughout. With a pizza cutter, cut all edges to make an even rectangle. Add the cut pieces any thin spots, or place evenly in the middle of the dough. With the pizza cutter, slice the dough diagonally to form 12 even rolls. Add the dough on the ends to any weak spots. Each piece should be 4 1/2 -5 inches on the top and come to a sharp point on the bottom. Starting at the wide end, roll each piece compactly (not loose, but not too tight). Place on prepared cookie sheet with the (5)point facing down almost touching the cookie sheet.
Cover loosely with plastic wrap and rise 1 hour. After 40 minutes, remove the plastic wrap and pre-heat the oven to 350. Bake as instructed below.
Cover them loosely with plastic wrap, but seal the edges well. This gives it room to rise, but encloses it so it won't dry out. Refrigerate overnight. Remove (7)1-2 hours before baking. Re-lay the plastic wrap loosely on top. Remove plastic wrap and pre-heat oven 20 minutes before baking.
Set the shaped rolls on a greased plate or a cookie sheet if it will fit in your freezer. Cover completely in plastic wrap and freeze a few hours until frozen through. Store in a freezer bag or container. To thaw you can refrigerate them overnight and follow the above instructions. You can also remove them 3 hours before baking and place on a greased cookie sheet to thaw and rise. Cover loosely with plastic wrap. Remove wrap and pre-heat oven 20 minutes before baking.
5. Bake the rolls at (8)350 for 15 minutes. They should be lightly browned on the top and cooked through. Immediately remove them from the hot pan and place them in a cloth lined basket or bowl. Serve hot.
1. The proteins in un-scalded milk attack the gluten, scalding breaks these proteins down.
2. If you don't have a thermometer, go by touch. It should be the temperature of a hot bath, however if the yeast is added above 115 degrees it will kill some of the cells. Adding it when it's colder is fine, but it will take longer to rise.
3. Normally instant yeast doesn't need to be hydrated. This first dough however is dry and the yeast won't be activated soon enough if it isn't. If you use active dry yeast, use 1/8 t more.
4. An even thickness is important to forming even rolls. A piece of dough even a little thinner will look a lot different from a thicker piece. It is difficult to make an even thickness, just get it as close as you can.
5. If the point is on the top, the roll will break open during cooking. Sometimes they will completely unravel. The point should touch the pan or be slightly tucked under.
6. I have three methods listed for the final rise. My favorite is the overnight refrigeration. The dough rises very slowly for up to 12 hours in the fridge. The slow rise improves the taste and texture of the dough. Also it's convenient to have the majority of the work and the mess done with the day before baking.
7. The rising time depends on the temperature of the room. They will rise much faster in a warm place. To speed the process, place a heating pad under the pan.
8. Baking the rolls at a higher heat (even just 25 degrees hotter) over-bakes the tops before the insides are done.


Vickie is originally from Fulton, Missouri, and has been reporting since 1987. She started with Alpha in April of 1988, so almost all of her reporting career.
She enjoys the flexibility of scheduling that reporting allows and the opportunity to work at home.
What she likes most about working with Alpha is the professionalism and kindness of Ginger and her staff, even under pressure.
In her spare time, she enjoys reading, CrossFit, caring for her rescue dogs, Biscuit and Grover, and following national politics.
Colleen has been reporting since 1981. She is originally from San Bernardino, California, and has been full-time with Alpha since 1990.
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Erica is from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and started reporting in 1996. She has been with Alpha for the past 17 years.
Reporting allows her to work at home and the opportunity to attend school events for her children. She also appreciates the variety of work, opportunity to meet new people, and the friendly staff at Alpha.
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She enjoys the challenge of getting every word down and the variety of tasks involved in completing a transcript.
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She and husband, Joe, have two adorable children and two dogs.
Kathy is from Hadley, Minnesota, (population less than 100), and started reporting in 2007. She did her internship with Alpha and then came to work here when she graduated.
She enjoys getting to do most of her work at home in front of a space heater with the coffee pot next to her.
As for Alpha, she says she was trained by the best and the office staff is awesome and easy to work with.
She spends the majority of her free time at her children's sporting events.
Kathy and her husband have 3 sons, 1 daughter, and an enormous black Lab.
Paula is also from Hadley, Minnesota (she and Kathy are twins), and also started reporting with Alpha in 2007.
She likes the flexibility she gets with court reporting and the fact that it's different every day.
She says Alpha is like a well-oiled machine with friendly, organized, and efficient office staff. She loves how everything runs with ease and she always knows where to go if she has questions.
She enjoys reading, jogging, attempting to cook and hanging out with family.
She and her talented husband, Casey, have a beautiful daughter, a feisty son, and an ornery cat.
From the time I was around 15 years old, I knew I wanted to be a court reporter. My love of English, grammar, and reading made it the perfect career choice for me, and 16 years later that has proven to still be true. The best part of my job is going somewhere different every day and learning something new every day. No two days are ever the same! I also greatly appreciate the flexibility in schedule freelance reporting provides for me to be a mom. And, contrary to popular belief, court reporters are still very much in high demand, both in courtrooms and deposition settings, and it's exciting to be a part of the technological advances that showcase our unique and valuable skillset.
As a freelance reporter, it is of paramount importance that I take work through a professional and reputable court reporting firm that has the highest standards when it comes to quality and service. Working with Alpha and its exceptional office staff allows me to produce the most accurate and timely transcript possible. I am appreciative of all the extra services Alpha provides attorneys from video conferencing to in-house videographers to an online repository. We are a one-stop shop! When I'm not in depositions or working in my home office, I stay busy raising two beautiful and exceptional Ethiopian-born children with my husband Roger, enjoying life in the Rountree neighborhood which we call home, and traveling with my family.


When starting out in raising sheep it is important to position yourself to what you need to produce with your sheep. There are a number of reasons why people want to farm sheep.
Sheep will assist in bettering agricultural landscapes, control crops and preserve open land. Some individuals also raise sheep as pets whilst others want their kids to learn about animal husbandry. On the other hand a lot of folks raise sheep for revenue.
A whole lot of farmers when housing their livestock use traditional barns. They may be expensive for a beginner farmer who is on a budget nevertheless they provide the best type of protection. Another type of sheep housing is the hoop house which is made to adapt to a greenhouse and is a lot cheaper. Your sheep shelter must have goos grainage, if possible electricity and must have enough space to accommodate old and young sheep. Also it should be large enough to accommodate sheep feed and equipment.
If you desire to get the best return of investment it is vital that your livestock are well fed. Sheep feeders can help you a great deal so be sure you invest in one. If you do not have a feeder and feed your sheep on the floor the foodstuff is likely to be urinated on by your sheep thus getting it infected since diseases will develop. Your sheep feeders should be cleaned before and after you feed your sheep. You must provide a sheep clean water daily as well.


Jen with FITMOM came to us needing a website for her business. She was using the primary FITMOM website but recently business has been increasing to a point where she needed something more. We created for her not only a site that allowed people to purchase the class packs that have become so popular but after purchase the site helps monitor class usage and keeps track of how many visits each person has left in their package.


Cortex is fast, safe and reliable allowing you to originate and service online loans 24/7.
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I made the horrible mistake of getting rid of this disc in CD purge a few years ago. Now I had to pay $70 to get it back again. Well worth it though as this album just kicks total a**. If you like Black album era Metallica and are a Christian then this disc does no wrong!!! Honestly it doesn't anyway but some people don't like Christian lyrics in metal of course.


Create Name for Online Boutique of Children's Clothing and Accessories - Name Contest. Pick the perfect name.
We are a online boutique of children's clothing and accessories that specialize in current trends, for children under the age of 12. Our desired target audience are children who are stylish and fashion forward. Our products are eclectic, with colorful details.


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< ALL MOVEMENTS & STYLES
Perhaps the oldest and most established art form, portraiture is found in all cultures, time-periods and mediums, spanning the length of history. From the earliest rendered cave markings of Lascaux, to the grand portraits of the Baroque, painters and artisan's have always attempted to capture the image and spirit of human beings. Like most ancient art, early portraiture was usually a reflection of the culture that produced it; for instance, Egyptians were known for their profile portraits—two-dimensional, public murals and carvings that detailed royalty, myths and the afterlife. Portrait busts of powerful political figures grew into an entire industry of ...
Perhaps the oldest and most established art form, portraiture is found in all cultures, time-periods and mediums, spanning the length of history. From the earliest rendered cave markings of Lascaux, to the grand portraits of the Baroque, painters and artisan's have always attempted to capture the image and spirit of human beings. Like most ancient art, early portraiture was usually a reflection of the culture that produced it; for instance, Egyptians were known for their profile portraits—two-dimensional, public murals and carvings that detailed royalty, myths and the afterlife. Portrait busts of powerful political figures grew into an entire industry of artisans in Ancient Rome, where Caesar, Octavian and Constantine were captured in marble and stone. As painting developed around the world, the importance of formal portraiture rose not only as an art form, but also as a commodity. Royal portraits and commissioned works allowed those with money to preserve an image of themselves or their family in the pre-photographic world.
In the twentieth century, portraiture was further explored through the lens of various artistic movements and styles, from Pablo Picasso's cubist faces to Frida Kahlo's magical realist self-reflections. Andy Warhol defined an entire movement of Pop art with his vibrant celebrity depictions, while painter Chuck Close tested the boundaries of photorealistic painting with his larger-than-life portraits. The invention of photography in the Nineteenth century revolutionized both the method and concept of portraiture, enabling people to capture not only a person's image, but also the subtle nuances of expression, changing emotion and visual essence. Innovators like Man Ray, Richard Avedon and Irving Penn changed the landscape of portrait photography as an art form. While the nature of portraits has changed throughout history, the fundamental desire of human beings to recreate their own image has remained.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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IUPUI biologists use 'mini retinas' to better understand connection between eye and brain
Oct 25 2018 Research could lead to cell replacement therapies that could restore sight
Written By: Candace Beaty Gwaltney
INDIANAPOLIS - IUPUI biologists are growing 'mini retinas' in the lab from stem cells to mimic the growth of the human retina. The researchers hope to restore sight when critical connections between the eye and the brain are damaged. These models also allow researchers to better understand how cells in the retina develop and are organized. These results are published online in Scientific Reports, a Nature Research journal.
The lab-created mini retinas, called retinal organoids, are collections of cells that grow in a manner similar to how the retina develops in the body. The retinal organoids are created in an IUPUI biology department research lab using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which can be derived from adult skin cells.
Jason Meyer, associate professor of biology in the School of Science at IUPUI, is using the retinal organoids to better understand retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which provide the connection between the eye and the brain. These cells project long axons to transmit visual information and when that connection is disturbed, a person loses sight.
Axons of retinal ganglion cells (red) derived from human pluripotent stem cells bundle together and navigate their environment using growth cones (green), similar to human development of the optic nerve.
"In the past couple of years, retinal organoids have become a focus in the research community," Meyer said. "However, there hasn't really been any emphasis on those retinal ganglion cells within these mini retinas, the retinal organoids, so this study is looking not only at how the retinal organoids develop and organize but also exploring the long axons they need in order to connect with the brain."
RGCs are the cells primarily damaged by glaucoma--a disease that affects about 70 million people worldwide and is the second leading cause of blindness.
"There's a lot we have to understand about these cells outside of the body before we can put them into humans for transplants and treating those diseases," said Clarisse Fligor, biology graduate researcher and first author on the paper. "This research is looking at ways that we can encourage growth of these cells for possible cell replacement therapies to treat these different injuries or diseases."
Fligor looked through different growth factors that are involved in RGC development and found a protein called Netrin-1 significantly increased the outgrowth of axons from these cells.
"This protein is not expressed long term, most prominently during early human development," Meyer said. "Once the retina is established, it's not as available, which is why retinal ganglion cells usually can't fix themselves. Strategies so far to replace retinal ganglion cells by transplanting new cells have not been able to restore those connections because the body itself doesn't produce these signals."
Researchers hope this study is an important step toward using lab-grown cells for cell replacement purposes.
"If we want to be able to use these cells for therapies and encourage the proper wiring of these cells within the rest of the nervous system, perhaps we need to take a page out of the playbook of human development and try to recreate some of those features ordinarily found during early human development," Meyer said.
"Three-Dimensional Retinal Organoids Facilitate the Investigation of Retinal Ganglion Cell Development, Organization and Neurite Outgrowth from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells" is published online in Scientific Reports, a Nature Research journal.
In addition to Fligor and Meyer, IUPUI and Indiana University authors on the study are Kirstin B. Langer, Akshayalakshmi Sridhar, Priya K. Shields, Michael C. Edler, Sarah K. Ohlemacher, and Chi Zhang. Other authors are Daniel M. Suter and Yuan Ren, Purdue University; and Valentin M. Sluch and Donald J. Zack, Johns Hopkins University.
The study was supported in part by the National Eye Institute, the National Science Foundation and the Indiana Department of Health Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Fund.
The School of Science at IUPUI is committed to excellence in teaching, research and service in the biological, physical, computational, behavioral and mathematical sciences. The school is dedicated to being a leading resource for interdisciplinary research and science education in support of Indiana's effort to expand and diversify its economy.
Lauren Kay
Executive Director of Marketing & Media Relations
Science Marketing Office LD167
402 N Blackford St.
laurenk@iupui.edu
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Using stories from science's past to understand our world
Early Science & Alchemy
Pandemic Perspectives
Explore Distillations
Georg Bredig: Scientist, Humanist, and Holocaust Survivor
Restoring the legacy of a physical chemistry pioneer.
By Jocelyn McDaniel | December 1, 2022
In the spring of 1937 Georg Bredig was forlorn.
The chemist had watched with disbelief as the Third Reich and fervent antisemitism seized Germany. Though a revered figure in the field of physical chemistry, Bredig had spent the past four years in professional exile—forced to retire because of his Jewish heritage and refusal to pledge allegiance to Hitler.
Things had only become worse since he lost his job. The Nuremberg Race Laws, introduced in 1935, stripped German Jews of many civil rights, including the right to work, travel freely, access public services, and own property. Disenfranchised and robbed of his vocation, Bredig now turned his attention to his scientific legacy. He worried his life's work would be the next destroyed by a fascist mob.
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George Bredig in his library, ca. 1930s.
The burning of books by Jewish authors had been underway since 1933. Bredig's former colleague Albert Einstein was among the first Jewish thinkers to have his works set ablaze publicly. Einstein immigrated to the United States and was followed by many other Jewish intellectuals.
Bredig refused to leave Germany, but he wasn't oblivious to the perilousness of his position. He hurried to locate a haven for his "opera omnia," as he had dubbed his library.
In May 1937 he wrote the Daniel Sieff Research Institute in Palestine. "I would like to send you a collection of all the scientific works and publications written by me and my colleagues in the various fields of physical chemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and more specifically, catalysis," the last being Bredig's specialty. "If you are interested in this donation, please respond as soon as possible." He closed the letter with the same plea: "Please respond as soon as possible."
To Bredig's relief, the institute accepted his offer. Yet it was a hollowed-out sort of relief.
When his friend Karl Freudenberg visited the following year, he found Bredig looking "infinitely lonely" as he stood before the empty shelves of his former library.
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Letter from Georg Bredig to the Daniel Sieff Research Institute relating to the donation of his library, May 1937.
This nefarious world was only beginning to emerge when Salomon Julius Georg Bredig was born on October 1, 1868. Bredig was the first child of a middle-class, German-speaking family in Glogau, Lower Silesia, Prussia, in what is now western Poland.
From an early age, Bredig showed a gift for science, talents nurtured by his uncle Moritz Hollstein, a bookseller. Bredig studied natural sciences at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University in Berlin, where a key mentor, Wilhelm Will, introduced him to physical chemistry.
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Postcard from Moritz Hollstein congratulating his nephew Georg Bredig on his graduation, March 1886. The photograph shows central Glogau, with Hollstein's home marked.
Russian chemist Mikhail Lomonosov had devised the term physical chemistry in the mid-18th century to describe how theories of physics could be used to study chemical processes, but its modern usage began in the late 19th century to describe work on kinetics, thermodynamics, and electrolytes.
In 1887, during Bredig's second year at university, Wilhelm Ostwald founded the Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, the first scientific journal dedicated to physical chemistry. The journal's first issue introduced Svante Arrhenius's ion theory and Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff's work on osmotic theory. The dynamic intellectual interplay among this trio drew Bredig to the burgeoning field.
After graduating, Bredig joined Ostwald's lab as a doctoral student at the University of Leipzig. The young chemist found himself at the vanguard of a new science in a thoroughly modern home. Ostwald's institute had been inaugurated months earlier and immediately attracted scholars from around the world, including Arrhenius from Sweden, Walther Nernst from Prussia, and Yukichi Osaka from Japan. Bredig would maintain lifelong friendships with many of these colleagues, connections that would later prove vital.
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Georg Bredig (standing in back, second from left) at the Researchers at the University of Leipzig during his postdoctorate position with Wilhelm Ostwald (standing, back right), ca. 1895–1896.
Upon earning his doctorate in 1894, Bredig continued working for Ostwald while also distinguishing himself in the field of catalysis. Between 1898 and 1900 he invented and refined a novel technique, named Bredig's arc method, for creating colloidal solutions of metals used as catalysts. The invention became chemists' preferred method and earned Bredig wide recognition.
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Printing block with an illustration of Bredig's arc method for preparing colloidal solutions, date unknown.
Chemist Nikolai Menshutkin wrote Bredig from St. Peterburg to praise his work on catalysis, from which, the Russian declared, "a new field has arisen . . . the scope of which has yet to be seen!" The success convinced Bredig to pursue a career in academia, and in 1901 he earned an appointment as the first professor of physical chemistry at the University of Heidelberg.
The University of Heidelberg's medieval origins belied the campus's intellectual atmosphere at the turn of the century. Bredig found both state-of-the-art scientific facilities and a spirit of liberalism among his colleagues. "Dynamic," Arrhenius called it in an encouraging letter.
Bredig's personal life was changing in big ways as well. Shortly after accepting the job, he married Rosa Fraenkel, and the couple had two children in short order: Max Albert in 1902 and Marianne in 1903.
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The physical chemistry department at the University of Heidelberg, 1906.
Over the next decade Bredig led pioneering research on catalysis while branching into kinetics and electrochemistry. He mirrored Ostwald in attracting some of the field's brightest young minds to his lab, including Kasimir Fajans and James McBain. Despite this success, the chemist yearned for change. The liberal atmosphere on campus suited Bredig, but relations among the faculty stifled him and left him feeling isolated and discontent. In 1910 he departed Heidelberg for the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, better known as ETH Zurich.
The appointment in Zurich was pleasant—he became acquainted with Albert Einstein and enjoyed the Swiss countryside with his young family—but a more prestigious opportunity at the Technical University of Karlsruhe pulled him away within a year.
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Undated Bredig family photograph. From left to right, back row, Georg Bredig, a relative identified as Frau Dombrowsky, and Rosa Bredig. Front row, Max and Marianne Bredig.
It was an intimidating move. Bredig was taking over for Fritz Haber, the future Nobel Prize winner who had left the school to industrialize his famous nitrogen-fixing process with partner Carl Bosch. Bredig's time in Karlsruhe got off to a promising start, but World War I ground his research to a halt.
The fighting had devastating consequences for universities across Europe. Laboratory research was cut off, with most science and technology work directed toward the battlefield. "It is pretty empty in the institute because many of my students and some of the employees are in the army, but I continue to hold lectures and still have an audience," Bredig wrote to Arrhenius in February 1915.
The war also cut fissures through the scientific community.
Haber, for example, believed scientists were patriots first and foremost, and set to work building Germany's chemical weapons arsenal. Bredig was of an entirely different mindset. As a devout pacifist, he rejected military research and, like Marie Curie, volunteered for the Red Cross.
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Caricature of Fritz Haber releasing gas onto a World War I battlefield, signed by E. Schlumberger, undated.
The war ended, but supply shortages and administrative demands convinced Bredig to give up the lab for good. Instead, he devoted himself to teaching.
He was "very much the authoritative German professor," remembered nuclear chemist and former student Elizabeth Rona. But "under his surface sternness and aloofness, Bredig was a warm and sensitive person devoted to his students' welfare."
While Arrhenius and other friends criticized Bredig for abandoning research, his commitment to teaching was rewarded, leading to his appointment as university rector for the 1922–1923 academic year. One of the duties of the position was to deliver the annual rector's speech.
Bredig used the opportunity to address the political schisms and extremism that had swept Europe, and Germany in particular, after the war.
Bredig lamented the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles, labeling it a "Vampyrfrieden" (vampire's peace) and a cruel compromise. Nevertheless, he argued for European unity, the path for peace, and free intellectual and scientific exchange in Europe. "One day, the great European statesman must and will create this ideal of the "United States of Europe,'" he declared. He made his case using science, asserting that the democratic principles of Greek antiquity are necessary for scientific progress while highlighting how international collaboration furthered the pioneering work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Marie Curie in physics.
The speech reverberated beyond the university's walls.
"I read your speech with great interest," wrote one admirer. "It is an oasis in the desert when a university professor has the courage to take a stand against the catastrophic blindness of today's youth and to advocate utilizing our nation's resources, which are capable of demonstrating Germany's sanctity and hope to the world. May your words reach the hearts of young people!"
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Signed portrait of Svante Arrhenius given to his friend and colleague Georg Bredig, 1895.
Others in Bredig's circle were more measured in their responses.
Arrhenius shared Bredig's hope that Europe had recognized the fruitlessness of war, but also expressed pessimism about the prospects for unity and intellectualism on the continent. "How science will develop in Europe in the long run remains unclear to me. For the time being, we are approaching barbarianism," he wrote.
Indeed, the speech's liberal idealism and humanistic views placed Bredig on the radar of right-wing circles, especially the university's antisemitic student union. When Bredig tried to fill a vacancy with a Jewish scientist, the organization told him in writing that hiring a "Semite" would be unacceptable. In a further sign of the darker times ahead in Germany, the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper disparaged him and labeled him a Jew.
Despite the professional tensions Bredig faced throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, his family life remained an oasis. As his children entered adulthood, Bredig relished the role of paternal mentor. In a 1927 letter Bredig thanked his son, Max, for chaperoning his sister on a sailing trip in Berlin and stressed the importance of familial duty.
We are pleased that you want to travel with Marianne. We didn't want her to go alone with boys we do not know. I hope you will maintain a proper, chivalrous tone with her and remain aware that you will eventually be her only protection in life.
The father was also focused on the professional future of his son, who had likewise decided to become a chemist. Bredig tapped into his extensive network of former students and colleagues to help his son find work with Kasimir Fajans at the University of Munich and later at the Bavarian Nitrogen Works in Berlin.
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Bredig family, August 1926.
Georg Bredig had seemed to achieve everything one could aspire to: a fruitful career, a joyful family life, and the success of his children. Yet antisemitism lingered in his thoughts. Bredig warned Max in 1927 to be aware of this bigotry and remain "useful," "efficient," and "indispensable" at work.
He was right to offer such caution.
Although Germany appeared to steady itself as the 1920s progressed, unrest and political extremism again intensified after the global stock market crash in October 1929. Hitler, who had struggled to rebuild the Nazi party after his failed Beer Hall Putsch and imprisonment in 1923, exploited widespread unemployment and instability. The Nazi ranks swelled, and by the summer of 1932 it was the largest party in Germany.
Germany's conservative establishment tried to stem the Nazi threat by joining forces with them. In January 1933 President Paul von Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Hitler chancellor of a coalition government. The ploy's folly soon became apparent.
In February 1933 Germany's parliament building, the Reichstag, burned down. Nazi leadership pounced, casting the fire as a Communist assault on the republic. The next day Nazi leaders cowed their conservative partners into enacting the Reichstag Fire Decree, which suspended a wide range of civil rights and allowed Nazis to suppress their political opponents. Within a month Hitler bullied and bribed the Enabling Act of 1933 through parliament. The legislation gave Hitler and his cabinet the right to create laws independently, allowing him to seize authoritarian rule of the country.
In short order, Hitler and the National Socialists began Gleichschaltung, the process of controlling all facets of German life.
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Rose Bredig, August 1927.
The first indignity of Gleichschaltung imposed on Georg Bredig was his forced retirement from the Technical University of Karlsruhe. The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Service, passed in April 1933, forbade Jews from occupying civil service posts. Bredig lost his job after one of his antisemitic colleagues personally complained about him to the ministry that oversaw the employment of university faculty.
Worse, Rosa Bredig died that same year after a brief illness. Bredig's anguish was profound. When Max forgot to commemorate his mother's memory on the third anniversary of her death, Bredig was furious. "Today, on the anniversary of your mother's death, I didn't receive a letter of condolence from you," Bredig scolded. "Other people remembered."
Although many of Bredig's contemporaries left Germany soon after losing their university positions, Bredig remained. In a declaration from September 1933 to a Third Reich court official, he wrote,
I have always felt that I was a citizen of Germany and belonged to the German cultural realm and cannot imagine life outside of it. It is therefore quite inherent that I have always wanted and still want what is best for the German people. I consider myself a patriot, even if, understandably, I cannot agree with all the clauses of the National Socialist Party, especially the denial of equal rights and the de-Germanization of German non-Aryans.
As more Nuremberg laws were passed, further indignities followed. Bredig's documentation was stamped with a "J," which restricted his travel abroad. His phone calls were tapped, and he was forced to declare his financial assets.
His children, of course, suffered similar humiliations. When Nazi officials instructed German companies to "aryanize" by terminating employees of Jewish descent, Max was pressured to resign from the Bavarian Nitrogen Works in 1937. Marianne was refused membership in a seamstress guild. Although the Bredig family's wealth offered some protection from the worst of the injustices, Georg, now almost 70 years old, was devastated by the hostility.
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Max Bredig, ca. 1930s.
"All of this is hardly bearable for me, but I still try to maintain my composure in spite of all the violence," Bredig confessed to Max in a letter from September 1936.
Yet he still wasn't ready to abandon Germany, although he encouraged his son to accept a fellowship with Fajans at the University of Michigan in 1937. Bredig also began taking measures to safeguard his intellectual legacy. Parts of his library went to the Daniel Sieff Research Institute; he sent other items to colleagues abroad. He shipped his most important works to Max, who was growing to enjoy life in the United States and searching for a permanent job.
"I'm doing well. The job search continues," Max wrote on November 10, 1938. "After the Republican primary elections, there should supposedly be more prospects." Max tragically did not yet know prospects for his family had become much more tenuous. Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, had transpired the day before.
Late in the evening of November 9, after the assassination of a German embassy official in Paris by a Polish Jewish youth, the Third Reich unleashed a series of violent antisemitic pogroms across Germany and its annexed territories. In Karlsruhe, Bredig and his son-in-law, Viktor Homburger, were arrested. Bredig was locked in a cold courtyard overnight; Viktor was deported and interned briefly at the Dachau concentration camp. He was released only after stating his plans to emigrate and signing over the rights to his family bank, which was subsequently liquidated by the Nazis.
Georg Bredig knew that he and his family needed to leave Germany—their lives depended on it.
"We are healthy, but, as you can imagine, we are very worried," Bredig wrote to Max soon after.
princetontelegramfinal.jpg
In this telegram form Max Bredig informs his father of a job offer from Princeton University, which would provide a visa for him to immigrate to the United States, November 1939.
Over the next year Marianne and Viktor Homburger sent their children to England on a Kindertransport and futilely applied for visas to emigrate. Bredig fled Germany and temporarily found refuge with his friend Ernst Cohen in the Netherlands while he waited for his son's plans to bring him to the United States to materialize. Success arrived in late 1939 when Max, who was by this point working at the Vanadium Corporation of America in New York, secured a lectureship for his father at Princeton University with the help of his father's former colleagues and students. An elated Bredig accepted the offer in December 1939 in a letter to Princeton's president, Harold Willis Dodds: "I venture to convey my heartiest thanks to you and the Department of Chemistry for the great honor and kindness bestowed upon me by the invitation to come to your illustrious university. Be sure that I shall endeavour to be worthy of it."
Bredig departed the Netherlands for New York in January 1940. Although he was fortunate to escape the most harrowing events of the Holocaust, his daughter and son-in-law were not as fortunate. In October 1940 Marianne and Viktor were among the thousands of Jews in Baden, Germany, arrested and deported to Vichy France. The couple spent nine months in the Gurs concentration camp before Max secured their freedom. Again, Bredig's connections saved the day.
georgimmigrationid_final.jpg
Georg Bredig's immigrant identification card, January 1940.
"We would never be here if Professor [Alfred] Reis and his cousin Buchwald hadn't supported us," Marianne wrote from Lisbon after their release in 1941. "Your good spirits are everywhere, Father." The Bredigs soon returned the favor, helping Reis immigrate to the United States the same year.
Georg Bredig survived Nazi Germany, but he never escaped the Holocaust. The years of denigration he experienced shattered him emotionally and physically.
georgmariannefinal.jpg
Georg Bredig and his daughter, Marianne, ca. 1930s.
"The last few weeks that we spent together in Bleicherode were very difficult," Marianne wrote in 1940, before her deportation. "Every evening, he didn't go to bed without saying: 'Oh if only I didn't have to wake up.' Sometimes, I think that he should have stayed with us among his books and in his familiar surroundings."
Bredig ultimately never worked at Princeton. He lived with Max in New York until he died in 1944. Upon Georg Bredig's death, letters of condolence to his children revealed the impact Bredig had made on the world of chemistry and the sweep of the personal and professional relationships he had maintained.
"Over the years, I followed the immense, albeit quiet progress of his research with admiration," wrote chemist Ernst Berl. "He accomplished more in his career than most capable scientists. His memory will live on in my heart, and in the hearts of many other friends that he made through his warmth and sincerity."
georgnytobitfinal.jpg
Georg Bredig's obituary from the New York Times, April 28, 1944.
In the latter part of his life, Georg Bredig experienced grievous intellectual and emotional chasms. Yet the country where he came of age and prospered was always antisemitic. Bredig recognized this fact early on and attempted to overcome it with assimilation and diligence. When judged at a distance, this strategy appeared to work for much of his life. The world of science in Germany seemed protected against outright prejudice against Jewish scientists before the rise of National Socialism showed it wasn't.
Bredig's adversities align with the post-Holocaust analysis of Chaim Weizmann, a Russian biochemist who became the first president of Israel. While Weizmann believed in the ability of science to solve serious problems, as Bredig had envisaged in his rector's speech, Weizmann also lamented the "ignoble servility" Jewish scientists experienced in Europe. A lifelong Zionist, Weizmann sought solutions for antisemitism in a Jewish homeland within the Mandate of Palestine. Yet before Israel's establishment on this territory in 1948, that was not possible for most Jewish refugees trying to flee Europe in the 1930s and 1940s.
Instead, as Jewish scientists raced to find refuge from Nazism elsewhere in the world, the Mandate of Palestine under Weizmann's helm became a haven for their legacies. In 1934, Weizmann founded the Daniel Sieff Research Institute in Reḥovot to both further the work of Jewish scientists and rescue German Jewish property, including parts of Georg Bredig's library. This act of intellectual salvation ensured that the contributions of Bredig and many other intellectuals were not wiped away entirely.
The reclamation of these lives continues.
Jocelyn McDaniel
is the research curator for the Bredig Project at the Science History Institute.
Discrimination & Persecution
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Movies and television shows like to portray scientists as lone geniuses. But scientists with disabilities know the reality is much more complex.
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text:
Josue	Uncategorized	 November 29, 2018 November 29, 2018 4 Minutes
Part 4 of the semi-regular posting of Monarchs has arrived (semi-regular because you know another one is on it's way, but not when I can be bothered to write one). This time it's all about everyone's favourite Mercian: Offa! Well maybe not the West Saxons, but honestly, sod those guys. I'll get around to them eventually.
Be warned, it's another lengthy post, but I did put some rather lovely pictures at the end if you managed to make it through. I'll know if you cheated and skipped right to the end…
Now Offa is a name that most people in this group probably know or recognise in some way. If you don't, or aren't sure entirely why you know the name, no worries, I exist to write brief, poorly structured biographies on Facebook (that I am now copying across to WordPress: exciting times hey?)
Offa was king of Mercia from 757 until his death in 796. I'll start with the obvious and get this out of the way: he is known to most people as the architect behind the earthen dyke that bares his name that runs the length of (near enough) the modern day border between England and Wales, that is to say 150 miles of a serious defensive boundary. Most recent scholarship isn't really towing the "Offa is the sole man responsible for this" line anymore. Instead the general consensus is that it was probably an ongoing project by a succession of Mercian kings, perhaps even constructed on top of earlier existing ditches.
If you read my last post (and if you didn't you really should, bloody good stuff if I say so myself) you might remember that in 757 King Æthelbald was murdered, potentially by his successor Beornred. The Peterborough Manuscript (E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) describes how in 755 [757] "Beornred succeeded to the kingdom, and held it a little while and unhappily; and that same year Offa put Beornred to flight…" The first few years of Offa's reign most likely saw him restoring Mercian power over his immediate neighbours, the Hwicce for example, in an effort to steadily rebuild the hegemonic position that had been lost in the civil strife following Æthelbald's murder.
But what did he do aside from possibly (maybe) helping build a glorified ditch to keep the Welsh out, I hear you ask? Well in certain respects his reign closely mirrored that of Æthelbald (the king of my previous post). The geographical concentration was similar, with him appearing most active and his authority most secure in the Mercian heartlands and the corridor to London. International trade and it's royal oversight retained their importance, notably seen in a letter from Charlemagne that encouraged Offa to control the quality of English exports and also promising protection for English merchants in Francia.
On the other hand, Offa was a very different ruler: he attempted to harness the ideological apparatus offered by Christianity more fully than his predecessors., particularly ideas about Christian kingship and rule being developed in the courts of the Carolingians. Likewise his power and influence over the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were greater and more extensive than Æthelbald's had ever been, and he sought to exercise them in a more direct manner. By the 780's he had effectively brought an end to the independent royal dynasties of Kent, the South Saxons and the Hwicce (although in the latter two members of the royal dynasties may have survived as ealdormen operating under Offa's control). In Kent he appears to have preferred placing Mercian nobles in positions of authority in similarly to the Normans post-conquest.
By the final decades of his reign he had become the ruler of a kingdom that stretched from the Midlands down to the south-east coast, a vast territory by Anglo-Saxon standards. Make no mistake though, this was not the creation of some sort of proto-England: it is clear that Offa and those around him saw this as a uniform kingdom, an enlarged Mercia. In his charters and coins, almost without exception, he appears simply as King of the Mercians. He was not trying to unify the English (did such a concept even exist at the time?) but just to safeguard and expand his own kingdoms authority.
Offa's relationship with his neighbours is a mixed bag. He and King Cynewulf of Wessex were most likely not on speaking terms a lot of the time due to Mercian authority over the Thames Valley being restored through a West Saxon defeat at Bensington in 779 and the subsequent acquisition of territory on the south bank of the Avon. However, whether Offa exercised any meaningful form of overlordship over Wessex is unclear: Cynewulf's successor, Beorhtric married Eadburgh, one of Offa's daughters. The two kings even cooperated in exiling Ecgbehrt, who would later become king of Wessex. North of the Humber Ælfflæd, another of his daughters, married King Æthelred of Northumbria, though the turbulent, shall we say, political situation in the latter decades of the 8th century may have made a consistent Mercian policy a tad difficult.
Whatever Offa's power was within Britain, on a European scale it was a different story. When Charlemagne sought the hand of one of Offa's daughters for his son, Charles, Offa demanded a reciprocal marriage. For Charlemagne, this was an insult that reportedly made him 'somewhat angry'. Angry enough to impose a trade embargo, which Offa returned. The message was clear: a marriage alliance between Francia and Mercia was not one between equals. Relations and trade were soon restored, but there was no mistaking who was more important.
Offa died in July 796 apparently of natural causes.
One of the most interesting items from his reign however is a single gold coin that imitates a dinar struck in 774 by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur (image 1). The maker of this coin knew no Arabic if the blunders are to be believed but on the reverse, in Roman capitals, is written "Offa Rex". This coin suggests, according to Sir Frank Stenton, sufficient intercourse between Mercia (and England) and the Caliphate to justify this coins creation.
Hope this wasn't too much of a slog to get through, but despite the length this is a very heavily summarised post that probably hasn't done the man any justice.
Imitation golden dinar, the reverse of which shows "Offa Rex".
A map showing the extended Mercia of Offa.
A mention of him in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, "Offa myrcna cyning"
Offa's dyke, near Knill, Herefordshire.
"Merciorum Rex Offa" from Matthew Paris's tract
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxon's
Pre-Conquest
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Game of Thrones Pilots Guide Premieres Renewal Scorecard TV's Top 5 Series Regular Grey's TWD
January 22, 2019 1:12pm PT by Lesley Goldberg
'Grey's Anatomy' Showrunner Krista Vernoff Inks ABC Studios Overall Deal (Exclusive)
Alexandre Schmitt and Krista Vernoff
TV Development
Under the multiyear pact, Vernoff and her producing partner (and husband) will create and develop projects under their newly launched Trip the Light Productions banner.
Krista Vernoff is putting down roots.
The Grey's Anatomy showrunner has signed a multiyear overall deal with ABC Studios. Additionally, Vernoff and her producing partner — and husband — Alexandre Schmitt have launched Trip the Light Productions. Vernoff will serve as president of the company, while Schmitt will be president of production and development. Under the pact, the banner will create and develop new projects for the studio behind the long-running Shondaland medical drama. Vernoff will continue to serve as showrunner on Grey's Anatomy.
Vernoff, who wrote and executive produced Grey's Anatomy for its first eight seasons, was hand-picked by creator Shonda Rhimes to take over as showrunner on the series after former co-showrunner Stacy McKee departed to focus on the spinoff Station 19 and as Rhimes moved her overall deal to Netflix.
"Alex and I are thrilled to be making a creative home for Trip the Light Productions at ABC Studios," Vernoff said Tuesday in a statement. "Showrunning Grey's Anatomy has been a career high for me, and the support from the studio has been unparalleled. I look forward to continuing in my role at Grey's, while also creating new content across all platforms with Trip the Light, where we aim to illuminate and elevate the human condition through storytelling with humor, heart, and a healthy dose of rabble rousing."
Vernoff — who made her directorial debut in November — has been outspoken about timely issues surrounding Hollywood including the #MeToo movement, salary parity and more. Under her oversight, Grey's Anatomy has taken on a number of topical subjects, including unconscious bias, while advancing the types of stories for trans characters and actors.
For his part, Schmitt — a native of France who graduated from UCLA Film School — spent a decade in Paris producing commercials and music videos as well as working as an AD on features alongside the likes of Bernardo Bertolucci and Franco Zeffirelli. He joined digital agency Schematic in 2005, where he helped grow the company and oversaw multimillion-dollar accounts while leading user interface designs for BMW, Sony's PlayStation 4 and more. Schmitt earned an Emmy nomination for creative achievement in interactive media/user experience and visual design for his work with Cablevision on the Onyx for Optimum TV experience.
Vernoff's deal arrives as many showrunners have been thinking twice about signing with traditional studios as streamers such as Netflix have been aggressive about recruiting talent with eight- and nine-figure deals for the likes of Rhimes, Ryan Murphy and Kenya Barris. After Rhimes exited her ABC Studios deal for Netflix, the streamer was expected to recruit many of her top lieutenants. Scandal grad Chris Van Dusen, who started and has spent his entire career working within Shondaland, signed an overall deal with Netflix, while How to Get Away With Murder creator Pete Nowalk renewed his overall with ABC Studios.
"We're so happy to extend and enhance our relationship with Krista," said ABC Studios president Patrick Moran. "She's been an incredible asset for our studio at the helm of Grey's Anatomy. We couldn't ask for a better leader and creative talent on this groundbreaking series."
Currently in its 15th season, Grey's Anatomy is poised to break ER's record as TV's longest-running medical drama. (An airdate for the episode has not yet been determined.) The Ellen Pompeo-led drama ranks as ABC's No. 1 series for the 2018-19 broadcast season. The show is averaging an impressive 3.1 rating among the all-important adults 18-49 demographic. Grey's Anatomy, already ABC's longest-running primetime drama, will likely continue as long as Pompeo wants to do it; her contract runs through season 16. A renewal has not yet been announced, but it is considered a formality.
Vernoff, whose credits include the Grey's Anatomy spinoff Private Practice and Showtime's Shameless, is repped by CAA and Jackoway Austen.
Grey's Anatomy TV Development
Lesley Goldberg
Lesley.Goldberg@THR.com Snoodit
TV Scorecards
TV Premiere Dates 2019: The Complete Guide
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Broadcast TV Scorecard 2019: Complete Guide to What's New, Renewed and Canceled


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Endless Legend (PC) starts to reveal its secrets with Faction announcements
Brand new Trailer and Artpack released for 'The Vaulters'
Haarlem, The Netherlands, February 26th, 2014 - From the creators of the awarded 4x space strategy hit Endless Space (2012), Endless Legend (PC), a 4x fantasy strategy game is currently under development by Amplitude Studios and to be published by Iceberg Interactive. Endless Legend offers a brand new twist to the "Endless" lore, with a focus on a single planet and the fantastic factions that populate it: Auriga, a world entering a new era recovering from an epic cataclysm.
In a series of upcoming faction introductions, Amplitude Studios starts off today with 'The Vaulters'. The Vaulters' are the most sci-fi like faction of Endless Legend. They have been a part of Amplitude's other games, Endless Space and Dungeon of the Endless, and will now also star in Endless Legend.
About The Vaulters
"It is a time of change for the Vaulters
For countless generations they lived as loosely-federated clans in the vast underground labyrinths that riddle Auriga. Their skills in mining and crafting made them comfortable, and their study of ancient artefacts slowly unlocked the secrets of their world's past. Though their origins were lost in legends and myth, they had found peace and prosperity in the deep places of the planet.
Suddenly, now, the Vaulters have been forced to abandon those ancient halls. The Great Quake broke walls and ruined roads and bridges; as their towns crumbled around them they fled to the surface. Some turn for answers to the priests in the Church of the Great Orrery, others look to their leader, Szabad Ilona, First of the Bloodline. For a people deeply bound by tradition and unused to change, the surface of Auriga is a frightening place.
Torn between the secrets of the planet, their own traditions, and their need to survive, the Vaulters may struggle. But they will not fade, or surrender."
Endless Legend is set for a Steam Early Access release early Q2, 2014. Visit the official Amplitude website to stay tuned to all the latest news http://g2g.amplitude-studios.com/Games/Endless-Legend
© Chris Baylis 2011-2015