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Undergraduate Education in Camden
Liberal Arts Colleges
Camden College of Arts and Sciences
University College-Camden
Arts and Sciences 090 (Interdisciplinary Courses)
Astronomy 100
Biochemistry 115
Biology, Computational and Integrative 121
Business Administration 135
Chemistry (Biochemistry 115, Chemistry 160)
Childhood Studies 163
Digital Studies 209
Engineering Transfer 005
English and Communication (Communication 192, English Literature 350, American Literature 352, Film 354, Journalism 570, Linguistics 615, Rhetoric 842, Writing 989)
Forensic Science 412
Geology 460
Global Studies 480
Health Sciences 499
History (Historical Methods and Research 509; European History 510; American History 512; African, Asian, Latin American, and Comparative History 516)
Honors College 525
Individualized Majors and Minors 555
Journalism 570
Latin American and Latino Studies (LALS) Minor
Liberal Studies 606
Management Science and Information Systems 623
Mathematical Sciences (Mathematics 640, Statistics 960)
Medicine, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine
Museum Studies 698
Pharmacy 720
Philosophy and Religion 730, 840
Reserve Officer Training Programs
Sociology (920), Anthropology (070), and Criminal Justice (202)
Teacher Education 964
Theater Arts (Dance 203, Theater Arts 965)
World Languages and Cultures (French 420, German 470, Global Studies 480, Spanish 940)
World Languages 415
French Major Requirements
French Minor Requirements
French Honors Program
Teacher Certification in French
French Study Abroad
Courses in the French Language
Courses in French Literature and Civilization
French Courses Taught in English
German Major Requirements
German Minor Requirements
German Honors Program
Teacher Certification in German
German Study Abroad
Global Studies Major Requirements
Global Studies Courses
Global Studies Associated Courses
Spanish Major Requirements
Spanish Minor Requirements
Spanish Honors Program
Spanish Independent Study
Teacher Certification in Spanish
Spanish Study Abroad
Urban Studies 975
Visual, Media, and Performing Arts (Art 080; Art History 082; Museum Studies 698; Music 700, 701; Theater Arts 965)
Rutgers School of Business-Camden
School of Nursing-Camden
Camden Undergraduate Catalog 2021-2023 Liberal Arts Colleges Programs, Faculty, and Courses World Languages and Cultures (French 420, German 470, Global Studies 480, Spanish 940) Spanish Courses
50:940:101 Elementary Spanish I (R) (4) Training designed to lay a foundation for speaking, writing, reading, and understanding the language. For students with no knowledge of Spanish or with no more than two years of high school Spanish. Entering students with previous Spanish study will be placed according to the results of a proficiency exam. Students with three or more years of Spanish in high school may not take 50:940:101 for credit.
50:940:102 Elementary Spanish II (R) (4) Continuation of 50:940:101. Prerequisite: 50:940:101 or equivalent. For students with little knowledge of Spanish or with no more than three years of high school Spanish. Entering students will be placed according to the results of a proficiency exam. Students with four or more years of Spanish in high school may not take 50:940:102 for credit. Note that 50:940:102 is the minimum level for fulfilling the college general degree requirement in foreign languages.
50:940:121 Intermediate Spanish I (G) (R) (4) Oral and written practice, emphasizing grammar review, and reading of selected materials. Prerequisite: 50:940:102 or equivalent, or sufficient score on proficiency examination.
50:940:122 Intermediate Spanish II (G) (R) (4) A continuation of 50:940:121. Grammar review with reading and oral practice. Spanish 122 is a prerequisite for courses at the 200 level. Prerequisite: 50:940:121 or equivalent.
50:940:151 Civilization of Spanish Peoples (G) (3) A study of the principal characteristics of Spain or Spanish-American countries as manifested in their history, literature, arts, and daily life. This course, taught in English, may be used for the college's global requirement, but not for the foreign language requirement, and not for the Spanish major or minor requirements.
50:940:181-182 Spanish for Spanish-Speaking People (G) (R) (3,3) Designed for heritage Spanish-speaking students. Grammar, reading, and writing exercises with emphasis on the special language�habits common to�these students. Formerly 50:940:211-212. Prerequisite: 50:940:102 or equivalent.
50:940:200 Spanish Language through Literature (G) (3) A course for intending Spanish majors that uses representative Hispanic literary texts to help students' transition from the study of language to that of literature. Introduces basic literary concepts as it provides a review of pertinent grammatical structures and allows for broadening of vocabulary. Formerly 50:940:131. Prerequisite: 50:940:122 or equivalent.
50:940:201 Advanced Spanish Grammar and Stylistics (G) (3) An advanced course in the structure of Spanish with a view to guiding students toward writing with a sense of correctness and style. Examples of different writing styles taken from contemporary literature, journalism, advertising, and the like. Prerequisite: 50:940:122 or equivalent.
50:940:203 Spanish Composition and Conversation (G) (3) Practice in speaking and writing, stressing the development of an adequate vocabulary in the discussion of everyday subjects. Prerequisite: 50:940:122 or equivalent.
50:940:204 Advanced Spanish Composition and Conversation (G) (3) Practice in speaking and writing, stressing the development of an adequate vocabulary in the discussion of everyday subjects. Special emphasis on the use of idiomatic expressions in everyday life.
50:940:207 Spanish Culture and Civilization (G) (3) A study of the principal characteristics of Spain as manifested in its history, art, and daily life. Formerly 50:940:301. Prerequisite: 50:940:122 or equivalent.
50:940:208 Spanish-American Culture and Civilization (G) (3) A study of the principal characteristics of the Spanish-American countries as manifested in their history, art, and daily life. Emphasis will be placed on mestizaje (racial mixing) and geography as primary factors in distinguishing Spain's former colonies from the madre patria. Prerequisite: 50:940:121 or equivalent.
50:940:225 Spanish for Business (G) (3) An intermediate-level course designed for students with some previous formal study of Spanish. Open to professionals already working in the field or career-oriented trainees in an occupational program. Students are given the vocabulary and cultural references required for most vocational contexts. Skill-building and skill-chaining exercises are organized by themes ranging from job interviews to completing insurance forms and dealing with the tax systems. Real-life materials (photographs, articles, video clips, artifacts, etc.) activate a practical vocabulary and grammatical explanations. The course's ultimate goal is to develop an understanding of the relationships among language, cultural mores, and professional ethics. Prerequisite: 50:940:102 or equivalent.
50:940:226 Spanish for the Legal Professions (G) (3) An intermediate-level course designed for students with some previous formal study of Spanish. Open to professionals already working in the field or career-oriented trainees in an occupational program. Students are given the vocabulary and cultural references required for most vocational contexts. Skill-building and skill-chaining exercises are practiced within a framework of law enforcement, with themes ranging from parole violations to criminal procedures in cases of domestic violence or child abuse. Real-life materials activate a practical vocabulary and grammatical explanations. The course's ultimate goal is to develop a legal understanding of the relationships among language, cultural mores, and reinforcement practices. Prerequisite: 50:940:102 or equivalent.
50:940:227 Spanish for the Health Professions II (3) This intermediate course in medical Spanish is geared toward students with prior knowledge of Spanish interested in developing and improving their interpersonal speaking proficiency in order to communicate effectively with Spanish-speaking patients, coworkers, and professionals. It entails a basic review of elementary grammatical structures for effective communication, expanding on explanations with detail, in all major tenses, and comprehensive vocabulary acquisition on topics such as detailed patient health history, symptoms for multiple conditions and diseases, maternity, pediatrics, diabetes, mental health, and addiction. Students will be able to give advice to patients and respond to more complex questions and scenarios in a clinic or hospital setting in all major tenses. Prerequisite: 50:940:102 or 50:940:127.
50:940:291,292 Special Topics (G) (3,3) A course on a selected topic at an intermediate level and not offered in the regular curriculum. Formerly 50:940:266. Prerequisite: 50:940:122 or equivalent.
50:940:300 Introduction to Spanish Literature (G) (3) An introduction to the study of Spanish literature. Acquaints the student with the main classical writers and the principal literary movements and tendencies from the origins of Spanish literature. Attention given to the relationship of the literary movements to social and historical movements, and the development of the arts. Prerequisite: 50:940:203.
50:940:301 Introduction to Spanish-American Literature (G) (3) Introduces the student to the outstanding writers of Spanish-American literature from the conquest and colonial periods, through independence from Spain, to contemporary times. Attention paid to the relationship of literary and intellectual movements, to social and historic events, and to the development of the arts. Formerly 50:940:267. Prerequisite: 50:940:203.
50:940:338 Twentieth-Century Spanish Literature (G) (3) The evolution of Spanish literature from the modernismo and the Generacion del '98 to the post-Civil War period. Study of today's main writers. Formerly 50:940:438. Prerequisite: 50:940:300.
50:940:339 Twentieth-Century Spanish-American Literature (G) (3) Covers literary, cultural, and intellectual developments in Spanish America from modernismo to the present. High points include vanguardismo, Afro-Caribbean literature, indigenismo, criollismo, and the "Boom." Authors include Dar�o, Quiroga, Neruda, Borges, Paz, Mistral, and Garc�a M�rquez, among others. Prerequisite: 50:940:301.
50:940:353 Individual Studies in Spanish (BA) Guided independent reading and writing on a specific topic for advanced intermediate to advanced students by arrangements with faculty. Prerequisites: 50:940:203 and permission of instructor.
50:940:354 Individual Studies in Spanish (BA) Guided independent reading and writing on a specific topic for advanced intermediate to advanced students by arrangements with faculty.
Prerequisites: 50:940:203 and permission of instructor.
50:940:387,388 Learning Abroad Spanish (3) A course focusing on a literary, cultural, or language-oriented theme, including regular class meetings and appropriate assignments, as well as a short-term learning experience outside the United States.
50:940:390 Special Topics in Spanish (3) Courses in a selected topic not offered in the regular curriculum. May be taught in English.
50:940:391,392 Special Topics (G) (3,3) Courses in a selected topic of an advanced intermediate-level nature and not offered in the regular curriculum. Prerequisite: 50:940:203.
50:940:393,394 Individual Studies in Spanish (G) (BA, BA) Guided independent reading and writing on a specific topic for advanced intermediate-level students under exceptional conditions.� See entry under heading Independent Study. Prerequisites: 50:940:203 and permission of instructor.
50:940:396,397,398 Honors Program in Spanish (G) (3,3,3) Prerequisites: 50:940:300, 301, and permission of the instructor and the department chair.
50:940:415 Medieval Spanish Literature (G) (3) Study of selected works, with some introduction to old Spanish texts as well as analysis of works in modern Spanish adaptation.
50:940:421 Dramatic Literature of the Golden Age (G) (3) Spanish drama of the Siglo de Oro.�Extensive analysis of the major works and themes of dramatists such as Lope de Vega, Tirso de Molina, and Calderon de la Barca.
50:940:424 The Inquisitorial Mind (G) (3) This course explores the way in which societies learn to demonize its "others" by using criteria based on gender, race, religion, or a suitable combination of all three. Besides providing a working definition of a "legitimate" witch, an authentic demon, and a believable ghost, the course elucidates why certain periods are more preoccupied than others with such enemies and why certain states are ready and willing to organize institutionalized responses to eradicate them. Prerequisite: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:426 Cervantes (G) (3) Life and works of Cervantes; careful reading of Don Quijote, the Novelas Ejemplares,�and his theater; emphasis on their significance to contemporary life. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:435 Nineteenth-Century Spanish Literature (G) (3) Major literary current of 19th-century Spanish literature through the works of leading authors. Begins with a brief study of 18th-century literature.
50:940:436 The Picaresque Novel (G) (3) A study of the picaresque genre in Spain, with detailed study of such works as�Lazarillo de Tormes, Guzman de Alfarache, La Picara Justina, and others. Special study of the Mexican Periquillo Sarniento.
50:940:455 Early Spanish-American Literature (G) (3) A study of the literature of Spanish America from the colonial period to the end of the 19th century.
50:940:456 Twentieth-Century Mexican Literature (G) (3) Includes such outstanding contemporary authors from Mexico and Central America as Azuela, Dar�o, Paz, Rulfo, Fuentes, Reyes, Ram�rez, Esquivel, Poniatowska, and Mastretta, among others. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:457 Twentieth-Century Literature from the Southern Cone (G) (3) Includes such outstanding authors from Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay as Borges, Quiroga, Arlt, Cort�zar, S�bato, Puig, Giardinelli, Valenzuela, Benedetti, Peri Rossi, Onetti, Rod�, and Roa Bastos, among others. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:458 Twentieth-Century Caribbean Literature (G) (3) Outstanding works and authors from the Spanish-speaking islands of the Caribbean--Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Includes such writers as Mart�, Lezama Lima, Carpentier, Cabrera Infante, Arenas, Soto, Marqu�s, S�nchez, Vega, Alvarez, and Bosch, among others. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:459 Twentieth-Century Andean Literature (G) (3) Includes outstanding contemporary works from Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Authors include Neruda, Donoso, Mistral, Mari�tegui, Vallejo, Vargas Llosa, Icaza, Silva, Garc�a M�rquez, Parra, and Gallegos, among others. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:461 Spanish-American Literature (G) (3) This course presents a general overview of the historical evolution of Spanish-American literature through literary movements, authors, and their most representative works, in relation to the historical reality in which they were produced. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:463 Contemporary Spanish-American Novel (G) (3) Reading and interpretation of Spanish-American novelists of the modernist period to the present. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:464 Contemporary Spanish-American Theater (G) (3) Latest currents in today's Spanish-American theater. Reading and study/discussion of several plays by prominent Spanish-American playwrights.
50:940:465 Twentieth-Century Spanish-American Poetry (G) (3) Includes Nobel Prize-winning poets Mistral, Neruda, and Paz as well as poets from different schools of poetry (Lugones: modernismo; Borges: dada�smo; Huidobro: futurismo; Pal�s Matos: negrismo) and different regions of Spanish America. Prerequisite: 50:940:301.
50:940:467 Ecological Criticism and Hispanic Fiction (G) (3) A multidisciplinary course that applies principles of environmental studies to Hispanic narrative fiction. Teaches a technique called "reading for the setting" in which the earth, the biosphere, and nature emerge from the background and take center stage as they interact with a text's characters and narrators. Fictional readings taken from Spanish, Spanish-American, and U.S. Latino literatures. Prerequisites: 50:940:203, 204, or equivalent.
50:940:471 Technology in the Spanish Classroom (3) This course focuses on the most prominent theoretical frameworks, research, technologies, and concepts of Technology Enhanced Language Learning (TELL), Second Language Learning theories and its research, and Foreign Language pedagogy with a focus on Spanish. TELL is an area that is critical for the professional development of prospective foreign and second language educators, and would also be of interest to students of applied linguistics and education. Students in this course will develop a basic knowledge of the key concepts, problems, and hopes associated with TELL and Second Language Acquisition (SLA). This course will also explore the tools, classroom applications, and digital pedagogy of TELL applied to the Spanish language classroom. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:473 Assessment and Evaluation in the Spanish Classroom (3) This course explores the assessment of foreign/second languages both at a theoretical and at a practical level with a focus on the Spanish classroom. It conceptualizes the dichotomy teaching-assessment of the Spanish language as a fundamental pedagogical enterprise. Specifically, this course explores some of the latest issues that have come of key importance over the last few years among the foreign/second language educators in the field of assessment and evaluation. Throughout the semester students will engage in a range of theoretical, pedagogical, and reflective activities that will enable them to not only understand the material at hand, but also apply it to their Spanish language teaching and assessment practices. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:476 Introduction to Hispanic Applied Linguisitics (3) This course intends to provide students with a panoramic view of the field of Hispanic applied linguistics. Students will be introduced to general notions of communication and language, Spanish linguistics (language and communication, Spanish phonetics, phonology, syntax, and semantics), language in context (sociolinguistics, languages in contact, and Spanish dialectology), evaluation and assessment (dynamic assessment, standardized testing, ACTFL's OPI), and technology in the Spanish classroom. Upon completion of this course students will have developed a basic knowledge of the key concepts, problems, and hopes associated with the field of Hispanic applied linguistics, as well as a general understanding of its practical applications in the Spanish classroom. This course is taught entirely in Spanish. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:478 Spanish Grammar and Linguistics I (3) This course is intended to provide the student with a panoramic view of the linguistic patterns present in the Spanish language and their functions within the system. There are two main objectives: 1) a contrastive study of the Spanish and English grammatical systems; and 2) practical applications to Spanish language teaching, learning, and research. Students in this course will gain a more accurate perspective on the complexity of the internal and external factors that shape the Spanish language, be able to use and understand basic terminology, and develop the ability to do independent research. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
50:940:479 Special Topics in Spanish (3) A course in a selected topic at an advanced level and not offered in the regular curriculum.
Prerequisites: 50:950:300,301, and permission of instructor.
50:940:491,492 Special Topics (G) (3,3) A course in a selected topic at an advanced level and not offered in the regular curriculum. Prerequisites: 50:940:300,301, and permission of instructor.
50:940:493,494 Individual Studies in Spanish (G) (3,3) Guided independent reading and writing on a specific topic for advanced students under exceptional conditions. See entry under the heading Independent Study. Prerequisites: 50:940:300, 301, and permission of instructor.
50:940:495,496 Honors Program in Spanish (3,3) Course for students working toward departmental honors in Spanish. Prerequisites: 50:940:300,301, and permission of the instructor and the department chair.
50:940:497,498 Honors Program in Spanish (G) (3,3) Course for students working toward departmental honors in Spanish.
Prerequisites: 50:940:300,301, and permission of the instructor and the department chair.
50:940:591 Independent Study Spanish (BA) This course allows students to work closely with a professor in the graduate program on specific themes and issues. Prerequisite: 50:940:204 or equivalent.
Comments and corrections to: One Stop Student Services Center.


Finally there is a natural energy drink that is healthy and for a change great for people!
First – What are Energy Drinks?
For sports activities are suitable all three categories, only with the difference that high-energy drinks are advised to consume after sports activity, moderate energy are suitable for endurance sports drinks and lower-power energy for short-term performance.
This is really a revolutionary energy drink and different from other energy drinks because it gives you both immediate and long-term energy plus healthy antioxidants. The immediate boost comes from guarana, a natural ingredient that is very popular in Brazil, while the long-term energy is powered by ADX7 technology: a special blend of herbs and other nutrients developed by a leading Russian sports scientist and researcher. Here are several photos of this drink.
How to order (buy) Forever Active Boost Drink?
There are few different ways to purchase this natural energy drink called FAB drink. You can buy it from Forever Living Products distributors near you. Our distributors are available in about 160 countries, hence most likely in your country as well. If you don't know any distributor who sells it – then the best way to order this product is online. Forever Living company has been in the business for almost four decades and has invested a lot into online ordering. Online ordering with ForeverLiving.com is safe and secure. However, if you still prefer to order your products directly from a distributor, please contact us and we will do our best to locate someone near you where you can buy FAB. Please note that we offer 100% money back guarantee on all our products. In case you don't like it (even if you finish it all) we would be happy to refund you all money spent. This is Forever – we believe in our products and we stand behind our products 100%.


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Daxx Khan	 Daxx Khan	 6 months ago
Spectacular Inoue-Donaire Ali Trophy Final Set for November 7 in Saitama, Japan
Japan's 'Monster' Naoya Inoue (18-0, 16 KOs) and legendary Filipino-American Nonito 'The Filipino Flash' Donaire (40-5, 26 KOs) clash for the 118lb Ali Trophy at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan on November 7.
Comosa AG, the organizer of the World Boxing Super Series, is delighted to travel to Japan for the bantamweight final.
"The Muhammad Ali Trophy and the best production in boxing arrive in the Land of the Rising Sun for a huge spectacle," said Kalle Sauerland, Comosa's Chief Boxing Officer. "Two bonafide superstars are going to find out who is the very best in the division and bring home the Ali Trophy.
"Inoue has proved why he is called the Monster, he is a freak of nature, his power from another planet, and the already iconic Donaire, who produced one of the knockouts of the year in his semi-final, is looking as strong as ever in the twilight of his career.
"What a duel, what a conclusion and what an arena. We simply can't wait to see who of these gladiators will lift the Trophy on November 7!"
Inoue and Donaire have both impressed in the bantamweight edition of the World Boxing Super Series on their way to the final to fight for the coveted Muhammad Ali Trophy.
Inoue has sent shock waves throughout boxing and the wider world of sport with his quarter-final and semi-final performances. The three-weight champ, and current WBA 'Regular' and IBF World Bantamweight titlist was already a well-known name in boxing but has become almost a paranormal phenomenon in the quest for the greatest prize in boxing.
Late last year after his famous, electrifying jab-cross' and 'Gone in 70 seconds' win over Juan Carlos Payano, the 26-year-old became the first Japanese national to occupy The Ring cover since the magazine's foundation in 1922, and following a stunning second-round stoppage of Emmanuel Rodriguez in the semi-final he bolstered his reputation to the top of the pound-for-pound ranks.
The 'Monster's total fight time in the tournament is incredible 5 minutes and 29 seconds. Of Inoue's 18 bouts, impressively 13 were for the world title, but his biggest test to date lies ahead in the shape of Nonito Donaire, the WBC Diamond and WBA 'Super' World Bantamweight Champion, who has held multiple world championships in four weight classes.
"I can't wait for the final," said Inoue. "Donaire is to me a legend in the sport of boxing, and I am honoured to be sharing the ring with him in the final. But I will do my very best to win against the legend to claim the Ali trophy."
Said Mr. Ohashi, Inoue's promoter: "Inoue is known as The Monster' and Nonito Donaire is a legend in the sport. I have always felt these two were destined to fight in the ring. It will be a spectacular finale of a great tournament."
Donaire won his quarter-final, as tournament No 1. seed Ryan Burnett was forced to retire from after four rounds of action due to a lower back injury. And the 36-year-old scored a stunning one-punch 6th round knockout of American Stephon Young in the semi-final; a devastating left hook put Young down and out – after the original opponent, Zolani Tete, had to pull out with a shoulder injury only days before the bout.
Donaire said before watching Inoue's semi-final against Emmanuel Rodriguez: "Inoue has always supported me in this tournament and we have an unspoken thing that we wanted to face each other in the final."
On November 7 at the Saitama Super Arena, one of the largest indoor arenas in the world, just north of Tokyo, it's Judgement Day for the 'Monster' and 'The Filipino Flash'.
"I am looking forward to the final in Japan and a great fight," said Donaire. "I have fought several world champions, and I will come well prepared. Inoue is an amazing fighter, but I saw flaws in his semi-final, and I think I can definitely create a game plan against him and win the Ali Trophy."
Said Richard Schaefer, CEO of Ringstar Sports, Donaire's promoter: "November 7 will be a monstrous night for boxing! They call Inoue 'The Monster' but Nonito Donaire is undefeated at bantamweight. He is the real Monster and will yet again show the world why he is a true legend of the sport!"
WBSS Season 2 Finals:
Naoya Inoue vs Nonito Donaire – 7 November, Saitama Super Arena, Saitama, Japan
Super-Lightweights
Regis Prograis vs Josh Taylor
Cruiserweights
Mairis Briedis vs Yunier Dorticos
Photos: World Boxing Super Series
Derrieck Cuevas to Face Silverio Ortiz at Heavyweight Factory's "Rumble at the Rock 2"
Barroso and Lopez win by stoppage on ESPN Friday the 13th.
Toka Kahn-Clary wins WBC USNBC featherweight title, prospects Fabio Turchi & Irvin Gonzalez winners
Kalle Sauerland- The fighters have chosen to represent the Ali Trophy to find out who is best
Barrera and Monaghan Media Workouts Recap
Murat Gassiev Q&A: "May the best man win!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Every month, each homeroom teacher recognizes a student who demonstrate Christian values along with consistently good class work and responsibility. Their pictures are also posted in the lobby.
HONOR ROLL – Students must have A or A- in all subject areas, work habits/study skills and responsible behavior.
MERIT ROLL – Students must have A's and B's in all subject areas, work habits/study	skills and responsible behavior.
READING AWARDS - Certificates, ribbons, and trophies are awarded based on year to date reading points and books read.
SHINING STAR AWARDS - Certificates are presented to our young learners in TK and Kindergarten for progress in academic fields and for responsible behavior.
Found in the school office lobby, the perpetual plaques honor graduating 8th Graders as Valedictorian and Salutatorian, Most Improved, Best Reader, and Athletes of the Year. The Faculty Award recognizes a student who best represents the Catholic Faith, service to others, and exemplifies the model student. The St. Barbara Award is a special recognition for a student who overcomes difficulties and adversity to reach his/her full potential.
All students participate in the classroom preliminaries to choose the top 6 students from each grade level who will participate in the finals of the Spelling and Math Bees held in May. First place trophies and 2nd and 3rd place ribbons are awarded at the May Parents Association meeting.
End of year service awards are given to those students who model Christ and make a difference in this world through actions in their school, Church and community.
Students who have no tardies or absences during the trimester and/or during the school year will be recognized with a Perfect Attendance certificate.
of participation. Trophies are presented for teams that take first in league.
Coaches awards are also given to outstanding players who exemplify leadership skills, teamwork, and good sportsmanship. Athlete of the Year is given to the top boy and girl athlete who maintains his/her grades and exemplifies quality traits throughout 7th and 8th grades.


Home›Mortgages›Will mortgage rate increases derail the housing recovery?
Will mortgage rate increases derail the housing recovery?
The housing market has been on a tear lately. In fact, according to last month's S&P/Case-Shiller index, a closely watched gauge of national home prices, values increased by 10.9 percent in the last year. That is the most significant increase in seven years.
So what is driving the increase in values? Reductions in inventory, a slowly improving economy, renewed investor demand and ultra-low interest rates have all provided tailwinds for the improvement in the housing market.
In addition, the National Association of Realtors Affordability Index, which measures whether a typical family could qualify for a mortgage on a typical home based upon current prices and mortgage rates, has remained well above average levels. As interest rates have fallen over the years, affordability has improved since it costs less to finance a home. However, interest rates have been on the rise lately, sparking concerns that the housing recovery may be impacted.
Speculation that the Federal Reserve may end its bond buying program sooner rather than later have helped fuel the significant move in interest rates.
How much have rates jumped? According to the Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey, in just five weeks, the rate on a 30-year mortgage increased from 3.35 percent at the beginning of May to 3.98 percent for the week ending June 13. During the same period, rates on a 15-year mortgage moved from 2.56 percent to 3.10 percent.
A 1 percent increase in interest rates may cause principal and interest payments on a $200,000, 30-year mortgage to increase by more than $1,370 per year. For many Americans, the increase is more than sufficient to affect affordability, which could present a problem.
In order for homeowners to maintain current affordability levels, median household income would have to increase sufficiently to keep up with interest rate increases. While the labor market is slowly improving, median household income is up only fractionally year-over-year and remains well below pre-recession levels. Improvements in the labor markets might be necessary to offset further increases in mortgage rates.
Also keep in mind that real estate prices are affected by gross domestic product growth and inflation.
Increases in either may help provide an additional boost, possibly leading to higher real estate prices which could help offset higher borrowing costs. However, many economists continue to forecast that our economy will grow just above stall speed in the coming months.
If household income does not increase along with borrowing costs and we fail to see strong economic growth, can the real estate market be expected to grow at its current rate?
Despite these concerns, housing prices in many markets are still quite attractive. While higher interest rates are certainly a drag on home values, affordability may be attractive enough to help offset some of the additional financing costs.
Rising interest rates will undoubtedly impact the velocity of any housing recovery and it is unrealistic to assume the real estate market will grow by more than 10 percent per year as it did in the last 12 months.
However, interest rates still remain at historically low levels, housing affordability remains attractive and real estate generally holds up well during periods of rising inflation.
While there is no guarantee that rates will quickly move higher, those preparing to purchase a home or considering a refinance should carefully monitor interest rates.
Since everyone's situation is unique, consider speaking to your financial adviser to determine the appropriate strategy for you.
Kurt J. Rossi, MBA, is a certified financial planner practitioner and wealth adviser.


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Gold Coast condo threatens fine over door-dropped letter
CONDOMINIUM LIFESTYLE 1445 N State Pkwy - MAP
By Steven Dahlman
8-Dec-16 – A Gold Coast condominium association is threatening a unit owner with a fine of $50 to $500 for sending a letter to his fellow owners urging them to attend a condo board meeting.
The problem State Parkway Condominium Association has with the letter is that it was dropped in person to each door, in violation of one of the association's rules.
Michael Novak, whose complaints to the Department of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection resulted in three citations from the city against the condo association, calls it retaliation. The citations are over tax returns and other financial documents that Novak, a former CPA with an MBA in Finance, claims he was not allowed to see. Hearings were scheduled but then postponed.
In his one-page letter dated September 26, Novak urged unit owners to attend the condo association's annual meeting and vote against the incumbent board of directors. He says they are responsible for a $10 million shortfall that owners will have to make up for through increased assessments.
"With 160 unit owners, the shortfall averages $62,500 per unit owner," writes Novak (right). "However, the unit owner burden will actually range from $32,500 to $258,400 because the amount is dependent on each unit owner's ownership percentage."
He wants a court-appointed custodian to manage State Parkway's affairs and says the 197-page memorandum of law he has filed in state court details "massive fraud, including criminal federal and state tax evasion, oppression, and misapplication or wasting of assets" of the condo association.
He hand-delivered the letter, he says, only because the condo association refused his request for a list of unit owners and their addresses.
Novak was running for the board himself – he did not win election – and says the condo association threatened to censor his candidate information sheet distributed to owners, refused to let him introduce himself as a candidate at the September 26 annual meeting, and when he was finally allowed to speak at the annual meeting, the treasurer of the condo association kept interrupting him.
At the meeting that followed the annual election, according to Novak, the condo board approved a 12.2 percent increase in assessments.
Unit owner offered hearing to contest fine
In its November 23 letter to Novak, State Parkway Condominium Association, managed by Lieberman Management Services, told Novak he is charged with violating association rules concerning deliveries.
"The State Parkway policies are clear with regard to distribution of door to door letters," it reads, without going into detail about the policies.
The letter gave instructions on how to contest the violation notice and request a hearing, which Novak says he has done. At the hearing, says the letter, he "will have the opportunity to be heard and to present testimony or other evidence" on his behalf but if he fails to appear, "the charges against you will be deemed admitted by default and the board may impose a fine of $50 to $500 as determined by the board pursuant to the fine schedule."
Novak says the policy about door-dropped letters was added so he could not distribute written materials at board meetings – necessary, he says, because he is deaf and some people cannot understand him when he speaks. The policy, he says, has not been enforced until now.
If the condo association fines him for the door drop, Novak says he will "seek the appropriate legal action."
Previous story: Gold Coast condo association issued three citations over records requests
Novak's blog: Bullied by the State Parkway Condominium Association Board
By Steven Dahlman | Loop North News | sdahlman@loopnorth.com
Published 8-Dec-16 7:39 PM
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The other college admissions outrage
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Rush Hour Concerts, free weekly classical music performances at St. James Cathedral. Singers from Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Opera Center at Lyric Opera of Chicago present excerpts from Rossinis The Barber of Seville. Doors open at 5:00p.m., pre-concert conversations begin at 5:15 p.m., and performances begin at 5:45 p.m. St. James Cathedral, 65 East Huron Street. Presented by International Music Foundation. Map. More info.
The Millennium Park Summer Film Series presents a double-feature: Moonlight and Pans Labyrinth. A young, African-American, gay man deals with his dysfunctional home life and comes of age in Miami during the War on Drugs era. Pans Labyrinth In 1944 post-Civil War Spain, a bookish young girl, fascinated by fairy tales, escapes her harsh world by exploring an eerie but captivating fantasy world, led by an old faun in the center of the labyrinth. Both films Rated R. Take a seat at the Jay Pritzker Pavilion or spread out a blanket on the Great Lawn to watch on a state-of-the-art, 40-foot LED screen. 6:30 p.m., Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Millennium Park, 201 East Randolph Street. Cost: Free. Map. More info.
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WELCOME TO THE TWENTIETH EDITION OF AWAKENING CLARITY'S GUEST TEACHING SERIES. Our growing database of current Nondual teachers and teachings has already been discovered by thousands of readers from 89 countries, and more find us every day. Five new countries have joined us just since the last post. This website is a remarkable experiment; I hope it can help to bring a small sense of underlying community to the far flung Nondual world.
WE DON'T FAVOR any single "brand" of the teaching over any other. Old path, new path, nopath: whatever works. I will repeat what I've said before: We provide the teachers, and you provide the discrimination. If something resonates with you, great. If it doesn't, tip your hat and move on down the line. Differing views are all welcome and respected here. We are far more interested in the teaching's commonalities than we are its differences. After all, ultimately there is just one thing going on. On that we can all agree. That truth reminds me of another: on July 6 we'll have Stephan Bodian dropping in with something special for us.
BENTINHO MASSARO has "come out of the gate" as fast as any teacher I've ever seen. One minute I'd never heard of him, and in the next I was seeing him everywhere. Obviously he's a handsome young man with a stop-your-heart smile, but that doesn't entirely explain his swift rise as a teacher. This guy is on fire; you can feel it. Bentinho's teaching is simple, but precise. He is absolutely confident that what he's sharing works, and sees no reason at all why it shouldn't work for us right now. That level of confidence is quite endearing.
BENTINHO HAS MORE than a passing knowledge of a number of spiritual disciplines and practices, but he's not pushing any of those those. He tells us that his teaching arises from his own experience, and asks us to follow his lead. He and I agree that everyone must find this freedom for themselves. I've heard Bentinho stress that all of us–teacher and student, writer and reader, speaker and listener–are all here to support each other, and that everyone's role deserves equal attention and respect. I agree with that, too. After all they are all just that–roles. We don't want to take any of them, especially our own, too seriously. Ashes to ashes and dust to dust.
I REMEMBER my response the first time I watched Bentinho on a video–he really moved me in a sweet and gentle way. Energy flowed through the screen as this thoroughly disarming and charming young man encouraged us to recognize awareness right here, right now, just for a few seconds at a time, over and over. And then he would cut on that smile and you felt he was speaking from his whole heart with his whole heart. Surely here was freedom itself encouraging us to also be free.
IN THE QUEST FOR ENLIGHTENMENT Bentinho tried meditation, yoga, reiki, NLP, EFT, Personal Development, Self-Hypnosis, Affirmations, Transformations, and he read "plenty of 'spiritual' books". Nothing quite clicked. There came a sense that "if nothing works, why try?" This kind of frustration is often not only encountered on the path, it often is the path. It is a message for us to be still. Most of us have to really be worn down before we can open to truth. When we get tired enough, when we get beat up enough, then at some point we may see we "can't do it". Enter surrender. The root of enlightenment is not found in success; it is found in failure.
IT IS A PLEASURE to host this fortnight's post from Bentinho Massaro. I've only lightly edited a transcript of his introduction for a conference call. There is a beautiful flow here as Bentinho talks to us. Let's listen in.
HELLO EVERYBODY; for today's subject I'd like to speak about the importance of really being committed to the practice of actually recognizing awareness. I know sometimes I might say slightly conflicting instructions or suggestions. Like – 'everything is perfect' or 'you're already dead and so just relax' and sometimes I might infuse a little bit more sense of urgency there. I think it's good to go from one to the other, every now and then, because intellectual knowledge or intellectual enlightenment is to notice/know how things apparently work, how perfection is already the case.
KNOWING INTELLECTUALLY that awareness is always already present – everybody can confirm this for themselves. There is not an experience where awareness is not there, even in deep sleep. Our conscious attention is not always there. While our sense of presence is not always consciously felt, something knows even our states of non-conceptuality, our states of non-cognizance you could say. Even that is cognized by something much subtler, much deeper. We can recognize this, and then it can become an intellectual statement. In fact that's what is inevitable for most people – it's sort of like a state, you could say, to recognize awareness and then get pleasantly caught up in that intellectual understanding. Then we often go proselytizing it to other people. Or we get into conflict, and at some point it doesn't feel right anymore. We feel like 'this is it, awareness is already here, there's nothing I can do to increase it or decrease it'. So when it's only intellectually understood, and the juiciness, the tasting of life experience, of feeling, is not there, not deepened, it becomes this stuck state that sooner or later gets into conflict with something.
IF YOU FIND YOURSELF having an urge to be overflowing with whatever you want to call it; bliss, love, freedom – just really feel it, so to speak. Awareness is beyond sensations, and that includes whatever you might feel. But it's a good thing to take this recognition to a deep place, to an actual recognition, where we don't get caught up in a state where we just parrot the language or just think about it. 'I'm awareness' – that's just a statement; it's about the actual recognition, we have to keep that fresh, we have to keep that spark alive. It's not a state; it's just a spark of recognition. I usually use a metaphor – it's like starting a fire; you could say the fire of self-realization/self-freedom. For every fire you need a lot of sparks. So what we're doing when we recognize awareness, is creating that spark. We're creating a little crack in the density of our thinking, in the density of our believing. We take little moments where we create these little cracks, these little openings, through which you could say the light shines through. The light of being shines through. We confirm for ourselves, in such experiences, that awareness is always already present, and that all we really need to do is to relax into that, and to allow the recognition to flourish.
SO WHAT'S IMPORTANT is that we're always fully committed to this. There is a difference between effort and commitment. Effort is where we really force ourselves to recognize awareness. Often it becomes just recognition of some idea, a projection, because we are forcing. Natural recognition happens when we relax our ideas, our projections, and our efforts to try to recognize something. When we totally relax that, what remains is recognition. I invite everyone who is on this call to do this – as I speak, as you're hearing this voice, just notice that there is something that is effortlessly aware right now. You can't grasp it, it's not a thing you can get, it's just there, almost like a scent that a flower emanates. You can't see it anywhere, you can't grasp it, but it is there. Its presence is noticeable – awareness is a bit like that.
THERE IS THIS METAPHOR; you can't see the seer, because the seer would be seeing the seer seeing itself. So it's a bit like that, eyes cannot see themselves, awareness cannot see itself. It's a bit like that, but don't get hung up on the philosophical comparison. If we relax we notice a natural presence there. We notice that every experience is in fact a confirmation of awareness. So when we're not caught up in a story about something we perceive, be it a thought, emotion, sensation, or an apparent object, when we're not caught up in the story, when there is a relaxation, no need to define anything, just a natural peacefulness/rest, what's noticed automatically, is that natural peace, rest, presence, which doesn't need any explanation. Of course, the mind comes in and tries to explain it, or turn it into a state or achievement or whatever…and that's fine. But we need perpetual commitment, natural commitment, not a forcing or efforting.
COMMITMENT IS DEEPER than effort, because if there's effort then we are not really committed. If we are truly committed then we rest naturally beyond our efforts. If we are really deeply committed, like 'awareness truly is here, I am free'. If our commitment is to relax into that, to allow that recognition to flourish continuously, then already there is much less need to do anything, because everything is already much more translucent and ephemeral. We notice that everything comes and goes. There's less stickiness and identification with all the appearances. Merely because we're deeply committed, it's a depth, it's a being, you know in your heart that you are committed to this and really want to be free. Even though I'm already free, my commitment is to recognize that. Not as a doing, but as an allowing, so 'I allow it to happen – I allow the recognition to flourish and deepen'.
ALL I NEED TO DO is to rest peacefully, and allow all my tendencies to come and go as they please. Allow the sideshow to appear beautifully, as it wants to, or horrendously, but there's a beauty even in that experience, because we are deeply settled in our being and commitment. So we actually start to recognize awareness, from this peaceful place, naturally. Things come and go, but there's awareness so it's very simple. The more we relax and don't try to figure things out with complex stories, the more we relax into the simplicity of being, then the more natural and deeper this recognition takes itself. It's like getting into an elevator, it goes all by itself. Like free falling, you don't have to do anything. You simply relax and recognition takes flight. Not in a metaphysical sense per se, but in a simple, humble, intimate way.
WHEN WE RELAX DEEPLY, then already by the depth of our commitment, things have much less control over us, all the appearances that arise. When we are just caught up in story we don't recognize that. When we're deeply committed and connected, we don't have to do anything, we just notice this. You might notice it now, as I'm speaking – you might relax and notice a natural relaxation and presence, a natural okay-ness. It's an okay-ness/equanimity. We allow this equanimity to become our primary experience, meaning that the occupancy of mind stuff/appearances starts to dissolve and loosen up. And the heart, you could say, the depth of our commitment takes over occupancy and everything is much more smooth, relaxed, in tune, natural, and effortless.
IT'S THIS SIMPLE – the introduction that I've given to you right now, just by listening to my voice in this moment to intuit this depth of commitment and being, and to allow everything to come and go as it pleases. That includes your own mind and emotions. Not to place any importance on any individual appearance, but to relax in the equanimity of everything. To have this depth of commitment, that alone is enough. It's not effort; it's just the depth of commitment. 'In my heart, I know intimately, this is where I want to be. I want this recognition to flourish.' And so it happens, not because I want it, but because I'm committed to it. Nothing more is necessary. True commitment is itself, resting as awareness.
SO WHAT IS HEARING this conversation, hearing my voice, seeing thoughts arise or maybe the absence of thoughts? What's noticing that your body is more relaxed, or more agitated? But that itself is relaxed, that which notices everything, is itself relaxed. This is how we actually recognize, by being deeply committed. We actually recognize awareness by allowing it to be recognized, not by doing it. It's not – go out there and do this step and then the next step. This message can be structured in such a way that keeps the confirmation going. All it really points to is deep rest and commitment. It allows everything to come and go. We no longer identify with one single appearance, or two, three or a dozen appearances. We no longer identify with anything for a moment, through the depth of commitment and natural desire to be whole and free, to be at ease where we are, as we are.
THEN THE IDENTIFICATION of every single point of reference just crumbles naturally. The points of reference still arise. Everything that was there before is still there, in a sense, but it's not demanding our focus or identification, because we're deeply connected and committed. We're not fooled by society or other people, so to speak. We're not even fooled by ourselves; we're just deeply connected, undisturbed and undistracted. In the depth of commitment we realize that even distraction is an appearance, which is perfectly fine and pervaded by non-distractedness. We intuit a freedom – very natural, intimate and simple, very close to home and heart. It doesn't need anything. It's just humble and free right here – whatever appears.
THIS IS ALWAYS, already the case. We can relax or not, these are the options as a human being. Either set your own course, be this or be that etc., or relax into the natural flow of being that's always already the case. It's always available. If you relax with this commitment with true earnest desire, then sooner or later you will become tired from all of these appearances. They will grow tiresome, because you will see, especially when you are at ease, that they just come and go. There's no happiness or anything, there's no benefit in them. The freedom and benefit and love you can't keep or catch. So you relax and it becomes naturally pervasive. So just be committed, with yourself intimately. Forget about this entire world every now and then, forget about other people, just be committed to yourself. Be completely okay in your aloneness.
JUST GO ON A DATE with yourself, no matter where you are, just take this day. If you're dating someone you just met and there's a romantic connection happening there, what happens when you're in the restaurant? You're still completely interested in the other person. That's the space where the world doesn't exist. There's just the conversation and the momentum happening there, and you're intimately connected with the other person. We can do this with ourselves. Take yourself on a date, and I don't mean necessarily to go out somewhere, but you can if that's what feels right. You can also just do whatever you're doing, be wherever you are and just notice your own presence. Familiarize yourself with your own presence. Get used to recognizing yourself in this depth, commitment and love, and naturally this will pervade other experiences too, in time. Just be intimately connected to yourself, don't flinch or move away when nasty stuff arises. Love yourself also there.
IF YOU GO ON A DATE with somebody else, and they are feeling pain/misery, you're not going to walk away, or slap them in the face, or try and change them. You're going to be there for that person because there's still an earnest interest, openness and curiosity, to connect with and be with that person. You want to love and be compassionate. So you allow the other person to feel their pain and you're there for them and do whatever you can do. Be there for yourself in the same sense, don't flinch or walk away. Don't say – 'it's wrong, it comes from my past, or is about the future, or that person said that and that's why I'm feeling this way'. No, forget about the world totally and be in your own commitment, be in your own space; familiarize yourself with this, get accustomed to it. In your own presence, whatever may arise, you adopt a loving gaze; it's a loving smile, where the mouth just gently smiles. Like a mother holding her newborn, there's just a peace there. Looking her newborn in the eyes, there's just a total appreciation for what's lying in her hands. So whatever arises in yourself, feel love for it, and a freedom will pervade your experience more and more.
YOU RECOGNIZE that you don't have to flinch or walk away. You can nakedly be with whatever arises without needing to describe, define, or judge it. It's just an appearance within this loving presence that you are. So you let it be, and allow it to feel however it feels. You don't ask questions, you endure until the endurance becomes a true love connection, a reflection of true self love. In the beginning you might have to take a deep breath and leave all your ideas about it alone for a minute. Just leave the thoughts about the world, or where it comes from, just leave it be, and just be with the feeling intimately.
IF THERE'S NOTHING apparently arising, no disturbing state, or no pleasant state, but just this,that's also fine. Just be, get acquainted with the fact that you exist, and the fact that that is noticed. The sense of being here, the sense of 'I am'- that too is noticed. Not by anything in particular, it's noticed by nothing, no-thing. But there's a cognizance/awareness there. So even the most primal sense of 'I am" arises within it. We can just relax; everything is a perfect expression. Every appearance is a perfect opportunity to relax our ideas and to be acquainted with ourselves, to be committed to not flinching and not be distracted by everything, to not believe in everything. Just to be with ourselves for a moment, with ourselves in this loving peace and silence. It doesn't have to be silent, but it includes silence as well; that's just another appearance.
IT'S ALL EQUAL, whether you're fighting in Afghanistan or sitting on your couch with a meditation CD, it really doesn't matter. If you take these moments and have this depth of commitment, which I'm sure you have, because you have the desire to know yourself as freedom more and more. You have this commitment; you just need to be reminded that it's not found in the world, it's not found in compliance with society and ideas. It's found by being totally radical and loving within yourself. It's found by being totally there with yourself, in this presence, intimately. Whatever is noticed in that rest is cognizance, a subtle sense of alertness/knowingness. Suddenly the aloneness has a beauty to it, because it's not loneliness anymore. Just a presence that's here and not found in any particular thing. But everything is found there, by that presence, in that presence. That is naturally realized when we relax with deep commitment.
DEEP COMMITMENT equals relaxation. Because we're deeply committed, we're not interested in our ideas or descriptions about what arises. We're just deeply committed. If we're deeply committed we're stable, and if we're stable we notice awareness/aliveness, a vibrancy of being. We can't define it, or even refer to it. Everything is noticed; even the sense of presence is noticed. It's just naturally coming and going, we can just be firmly committed to ourselves. Let the world come and go within our mind field, within our experience. Let everything happen, and be fearlessly committed to this most intimate presence of being. It's very, very simple…it's never really gone. It just goes unnoticed and if we relax its self-recognition flourishes, awareness gets used to itself. That's all it is. So drop your complicated ideas about what awareness is, how to achieve it, what steps to take, how many lives it will take; you are that already.
THE ONLY DIFFERENCE in this world is recognition and non-recognition. Even that is perceived by the seer as already seen. Through natural relaxation and recognition to the deepest, most stable, relaxed, effortlessness, through that natural commitment, the recognition is allowed to flourish. The realization is allowed to flourish all by itself. We love ourselves nakedly without judgment. We are just truly committed to this naked, natural, shining presence. We relax as we are, we stay as we are.
Let everything happen…even effort appears effortlessly, if you relax and be stable beyond the effort. Allow the effort to be, and don't identify it as a sign that you're not doing it right.
NOTHING IS EVER an indication of unawareness. Everything is always a confirmation of awareness. It can't be any other way. Even your most non-recognizable and confused states are not confirmation of non-recognition. They are evidence of awareness, because you could not know the experience otherwise. It doesn't mean that the feelings drop; it means that the feelings are allowed. They are already allowed, or you would not experience them. You realize that there is a freedom there, and more and more you sink into this. All descriptions tell you're here right now, and if you're deeply committed to that, it will show itself, it will teach itself.
YOU DON'T NEED ME or any other teacher, we're only here to support each other, and support is very beneficial. To be in a room full of people that reflect this, is like being in a room full or mirrors pointing at you. But that's all there is, whether the mirror is there or seemingly not there. If you can start to notice that every experience is a mirror pointing to you, it's a confirmation of awareness. Including the person that you hate the most, or think is most ignorant, or a part of yourself that's most ignorant. Even that is experience. What does it confirm? It doesn't tell a story about you with a description, what it points to, where it goes, what it means to do something. If we relax, that story drops for a little while and the experience is just the experience. We know this is a confirmation of our presence. It's evidence that we're here to notice it. It teaches itself, the recognition flourishes by itself only when we are deeply committed, again and again…peacefully, with no effort.
CONTINUAL COMMITMENT, that's all you can do. Be continuously committed to just being, as you are. Let everything happen, don't reject anything. Sometimes it's fine to ignore things. You don't have to maintain a certain emotion, 'it has to be there, I have to let it be', no, just let it go, slide past you…whatever. As long as your natural focus, your natural attention is noticing that something is always recognizing something.
Let me welcomeSaudi Arabia, Bangladesh,Barbados, MacedoniaandDominican Republicas country numbers85, 86, 87, 88and89to join our ever-expanding community. Readers in those areas now join others around the world who are Awakening Clarity.


Tampa Bay Buccaneers beat the Chicago Bears in dominating fashion for their first home victory of the season and delight of Buccaneers Fans.
Chris Conte intercepted Jay Culter and returned the ball 20 yards for a touchdown in the first quarter to start the scoring. Jameis Winston threw for 312 yards and two touchdowns, including a busted play and scramble to his own endzone which resulted in a remarkable 39-yard completion to Mike Evans. Doug Martin returned to the lineup, and scored a rushing touchdown.
WEATHER: Cloudy - 81°F. - Humidity 61% - Wind S.S.E. 4 mph Wind Chill 91°F.
BUCCANEERS: Barber 12-36, Martin 16-33, James 2-7, Humphries 1-2.
BEARS: Howard 15-100, Langford 2-16, Cutler 1-7, Carey 2-(-1).
BUCCANEERS: Brate 7-84, Humphries 5-46, Evans 4-66, Shorts 2-38, Martino 1-43, Martin 1-13, Stocker 1-11, Myers 1-6, James 1-5.
BEARS: Jeffery 4-47, Miller 4-32, Langford 4-10, Meredith 1-50, Royal 1-24, Carey 1-16, Lasike 1-3.
BUCCANEERS: Conte 1-20, Grimes 1-1.
BUCCANEERS: Smith 1-22, Humphries 1-9.
BUCCANEERS: Ayers 1.5-6.5, N Spence 1-6, McDonald 1-5, McCoy 0.5-3.5.
BEARS: Floyd 1.5-9, McPhee 1-15, Goldman 1-6, Young 0.5-2.


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Any of you boys seen an aircraft-carrier around here?
.. at the very end of Oceanside Pier, looking toward the setting sun ..
In the 1986 movie Top Gun, this is the house the female love interest [Kelly McGillis as "Charlie"] lived in and was visited by Tom Cruise via motorcycle after playing volleyball. The house has a great view of the ocean, only a couple blocks from the Oceanside Pier.
Tower, this is Ghost Rider requesting a flyby. .. Negative, Ghost Rider, the pattern is full.


text:
Bobby Ross Jr., Law & Order, Race
For slain Baton Rouge officer Montrell Jackson, 'it was God, family and police force'
First, Dallas.
Now, Baton Rouge.
After yet another massacre of police officers, some of the most chilling words came from one of the slain Louisiana officers, Montrell Jackson — in a Facebook post he wrote earlier this month:
A recent post from Officer Montrell Jackson, who was shot & killed today in #BatonRouge... I'm in tears man. Jesus. pic.twitter.com/PqE1ADyZEB
— David Jones II (@davidjonesusa) July 17, 2016
Jackson's mention of both God and prayer immediately made me wonder if he might be a man of faith.
That certainly appears to be the case, based on this quote from an Associated Press story:
Kedrick Pitts, the 24-year-old younger half brother of Jackson, said he was very close to his older brother.
"With him it was God, family and the police force," Pitts said outside his mother's house in Baton Rouge, where family was gathered Sunday. "He went above and beyond ... He was a protector."
Other stories hint at the faith of Jackson's extended family.
From the Washington Post:
Joycelyn Jackson was already sitting in church when she found herself needing God most. She hadn't yet learned that her little brother Montrell Jackson was among the three officers killed in Baton Rouge when her pastor asked the congregation to send prayers to her family.
"I didn't want to break down in church but it was just something I couldn't hold," Jackson, 49, of Lake Charles, Louisiana, said. "He was a wonderful person. A wonderful person."
Joycelyn Jackson said she understands the anger behind the movement Black Lives Matter but that "God gives nobody the right to kill and take another person's life." Montrell Jackson, 32, was married in the last few years and had a baby boy he adored, she said.
"It's coming to the point where no lives matter," she said, "whether you're black or white or Hispanic or whatever."
There are definitely some powerful quotes there with a strong emphasis on religion.
And the Post ends that story with another such quote:
If she could talk to the shooter, or anyone considering violence against more officers, she said she'd remind them of a judgment beyond the penal system.
"If I could say anything to anyone, it is to get their lives right with God," she said. "Hell is a horrible, horrible place to be."
But neither the AP story nor the Post one digs at all below the surface on the faith angle. We don't learn where the sister attends church or what her — or her brother's — specific religious background is.
Unless there's a reason for withholding the name of the church (for example, to protect relatives), I would think that information would be helpful to readers' overall understanding. As would learning more about the officer's faith background and beliefs. And I'd love to hear, too, from a pastor or other leader at the sister's and/or officer's church.
At the same time, I don't know the circumstances of the interviews that reporters had with the grieving officer's loved ones. Right after a person has lost a loved one is a time for a reporter to listen and be sensitive, not a time to press, in my humble opinion (and as someone who spent weeks covering victims' families after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing).
In the case of the Baton Rouge officer, I am hopeful that we'll learn more specific details about his faith and relationship with God in the days to come.
Tagged: Montrell Jackson, Baton Rouge, police shootings, Louisiana, The Washington Post, The Associated Press, Chicago Tribune, victims
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text:
Per Pavels Aabel (født 25. april 1902 i Oslo, død 22. december 1999) var en norsk skuespiller, tegner, danser, koreograf og instruktør.

Liv og arbejde
Per Aabel var søn af skuespilleren Hauk Aabel, og fik uddannelse indenfor tegning i Paris og ballet i London. Hans første kunstneriske opgave var at illustrere en børnebog, men han ofrede hurtigt tegnekarrieren til fordel for dansen. Som balletdanser debuterede han i 1921 på Mayol i balletten Carneval. Efter at have været danselærer i Oslo i flere år, fik han i 1926 sin første instruktøropgave ved Nationaltheatret. Først i 1931 debuterede han som skuespiller på Det Nye Teater.

Aabel var direktør for Carl Johan-Teatret i perioden 1933 til 1938. Sammen med blandt andre Thorleif Reiss og Wenche Foss stod han bag en række forestillinger i den lystigste og mest groteske genre. Aabel og Foss udviklede en timing og et samspil som skulle blive videreført i andre sammenhænge i årtier fremover. Han var ansat ved Centralteatret fra 1938 til 1940 og ved Nationaltheatret fra 1940 til 1972. Som pensionist arbejdede han freelance, og gæstede Nationaltheatret jævnligt. Han deltog under teatrets 100-års-jubilæum i 1999, kun uger før han døde. Aabel var da 97 år gammel.

Som teatermand med bred fagbaggrund blev Per Aabel en central kulturpersonlighed indenfor norsk scenekunst og underholdning i størstedelen af forrige århundrede. Han spillede en række roller, særligt i komedier, på teater og i film, blandt andet i flere Holberg-stykker og som populær oplæser af H.C. Andersens eventyr.

Per Aabel fik statens æreslønn fra 1973. Han modtog Storkors af St. Olavs Orden i 1988. Han vandt Spellemannprisen 1975 i åben klasse. En statue af ham, udført af Nina Sundbye, blev afsløret udenfor Nathionaltheatret i 1999. Han blev begravet på statens bekostning.

Litteratur
 Alene på scenen : Per Aabel og tekstene hans. Ole Lillo-Stenberg (red.). Andresen & Butenschøn, 2001.
 Hansen, Jan Erik. Kjære Per Aabel. Cappelen, 1993.
 Lunde, Reidar. Per Aabel. Nasjonalforlaget, 1943. (I serien Små filmbiografier)

 Aabel, Per. Den stundesløse Per Aabel. Gyldendal, 1980
 Aabel, Per. Du verden. Oslo: Prent, 1950

 Munthe, Margrethe. Askepot og den nysgjerrige kone : Barnekomedier. Illustreret af Per Aabel. Steenske forlag, 1917

Priser og udmærkelser (udvalg)
 1970 – Karl Gerhards Hederspris

Eksterne henvisninger
 nb.no Om Nasjonalbibliotekets Per Aabel-samling
 Nathionaltheatrets rollearkiv

Skuespillere fra Norge
Dansere
Modtagere af Kritikerprisen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ms. Lilia de Lima, the Director General of the investment-promotion agency PEZA (the Philippine Economic Zone Authority) has recently said that reforms currently being implemented by the organization could well lead to the nation becoming an economic giant over the next ten years or so, drawing praise from President Aquino for such efforts. The Philippines could be become a major economic powerhouse within the region.
There are, of course, obstacles that remain in the way – as there would be with any nation – which include seemingly unnecessary bureaucracy procedures, excessive red-tape and, perhaps most of all, governmental graft and corruption.
Leading the way, the PEZA are already implementing and enforcing such policies within their own organization, leading to a positive international outlook that has already attracted almost PhP3.2 trillion in investments in the country's already-setup economic zones since 1995.
"The Philippines today stands before a giant door of opportunities never before opened until now. Our economy is on a continuous upward trajectory," said Ms. de Lima.
Bolstering this claim is the World Bank, who have stated that the Philippines' recent growth is particularly impressive, leading the international financial institution to refer to our nation as a "rising tiger" in terms of potential economic growth.
Further obstacles include an infrastructure in urgent need of maintenance and upgrading, insufficient levels of direct foreign investment, as well as economic restrictions that are already in place; however, with upcoming elections, Filipino economist Bernardo Villegas has stated that, provided the most suitable candidate succeeds the office of the current president, the economy could begin to grow by as much as 10 percent with regards to gross domestic product (GDP).
It's time to stand up, be proud, and drive the nation towards a level of growth that we perhaps have never seen.
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Nothing in the news that is too breathtaking today, but there have been enough things worthy of mention that I thought I'd throw them all into one thread.
Here's a fun trade possibility: the Red Sox are interested in Chad Cordero (uh, who wouldn't be?) and may be dangling Wily Mo Pena, whom Jim Bowden is known to…how should I put this?…really like. Bowden hasn't acquired a toolsy outfielder for a couple of weeks now, so if the Sox found a way to sweeten the deal, perhaps Trader Jim would take the bait.
The Yankees have been quiet lately, but they may soon make an offer to bring back Ted Lilly. They have also been linked to Shea Hillenbrand and Rich Aurilia to fill a spot at first base.
The Rockies signed Jeff Francis to a four-year deal for $13.25M, which takes him through his arbitration years. He's still only 25, and if nothing else, he's proven he can eat innings. He may still turn into more than that. Even if he's no more than a 5th starter, he'll be worth close to that amount, and the Rockies will probably want to exercise their ~$7M option for his first year of free agency in 2011.
According to the LA Times, who I would link to if they didn't require registration, Carlos Lee isn't interested in the west coast, which would rule out the Dodgers, Angels, and Giants. You gotta admit, it would've been pretty funny if El Caballo signed in LA and he and Juan Pierre played side by side for the next five years. By the end of those deals, Vin Scully would've said "double to the left-field gap" more times than he did in his first twenty years of broadcasting.


Read the side effects of Clofibrate as described in the medical literature. In case of any doubt consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Gastrointestinal - Vomiting, loose stools, indigestion, flatulence, stomach inflammation and abdominal distress.
Central Nervous System - Headache, dizziness, and fatigue.
Musculoskeletal - Muscle cramping, aching and weakness.
Skin - Skin rash, hives, itching, dry brittle hair and hair loss.
Heart - Chest pain, abnormal heart rhythm, and vein inflammation.
Blood - Decrease in white blood cells, anemia and eosinophilia.


A simple model for vertical dynamic interactions among a group of strip footings rested on half-space is presented in this paper. An analytical method is presented to obtain the contact pressures and the impedance matrix for a group of surface strip footings. In order to conveniently solve the unknown contact pressures between the soil and footings, the soil-footing interfaces are discretized into a series of strip elements. The Green function for each element under uniform harmonic force is derived and calculated by the piecewise integration and Cauchy principal value integral. The influences of footing and soil parameters on contact pressures and vertical dynamic impedances of footing groups are discussed in detail. The SSSI effect between adjacent footings increases with the decrease of the distance ratio S/L. For three footings in a group, the middle footing experiences greater cross-interactional effect than the side ones. The present method has high accuracy, which is not only simple but also suitable for the high-frequency analysis.
The soil-structure interaction (SSI) has been paid comprehensive attention over the past few decades [1–3]. The substructure method has been widely applied in SSI research due to that the footing and the half-space can be analyzed separately by using the respectively suitable methods. In the substructure method, the reaction of the soil against the footing can be described by the frequency-dependent stiffness and damping coefficients which are commonly called as dynamic impedance. Therefore, it is a key step to obtain the impedance function of the footing in the analysis of SSI.
Reissner  derived the first analytical solution for the vertical vibration of a circular plate subjected to a harmonic uniform force and marked the beginning of the elastic half-space theory about SSI. Sung  presented three kinds of supposed contact pressure distributions (static rigidity, uniform, and parabolic) beneath the footing. The dynamic impedances for some representative cases [6, 7] were obtained based on these assumed distributions. However, the assumed distribution could not yield a constant surface displacement of the supporting medium beneath the rigid footing as demanded from physical considerations; it is then necessary to find the mean value for the footing displacement through various averaging techniques. On the contrary, the footing impedances were analyzed more rigorously and treated as a mixed boundary-value problem. Luco and Westmann  presented the impedance for a massless rigid strip footing by letting the Cauchy singular dual integral equations reduce to the second kind of Fredholm integral equations. Ma et al.  transformed the dual integral equations into a set of linear equations using an infinite series of orthogonal Jacobi polynomials for the rocking impedance of the rigid strip footing. As the contact stresses cannot be expressed by the elementary functions, there are certain mathematical limitations to solve the mixed boundary-value problem. Therefore, some semianalytical approaches were presented to obtain the impedance more conveniently. Jiang and Song  investigated the impedance of a massless rigid strip footing by the thin layered method , that is, the analytical solution in the horizontal direction and the finite element discretization in the vertical direction. Lin et al.  studied the similar problem based on the precise integration method .
In the aforementioned literature, dynamic interaction between single footing and elastic half-space was considered. However, the construction of the metros and high-speed trains is becoming prevalent with the acceleration of urbanization. In such a situation, the footings associate together through soil ground. This results in the structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) under the externally vertical exciting loads [14, 15]. Taking the advantage in the SSI model proposed by Parmelee , Warburton et al.  derived governing equations for the response of two geometrically identical cylindrical bodies attached to the surface of an elastic half-space, which initiates the SSSI study. Liou  presented an analytical solution for the dynamic stiffness matrix of adjacent surface rigid footings, based on the assumed contact stress distribution which linearly varies in the radius direction in the cylindrical coordinate system. Currently, analyses of dynamic interactions between multiple footings are mainly through numerical methods [19–22] such as the finite element method and the boundary element method due to the rapid progress in computer technique. However, these methods are far too time-consuming and complicated for actual engineering and designers. The analytical method for the impedance matrix of footing group based on the elastic half-space theory is still very rare, while it is efficient and has great significance for solving the seismic response of structure groups and assessing structure safety.
In this paper, the Green function of uniform harmonic vertical force is derived and numerically calculated by the piecewise integrations and the Cauchy principal value integral. Contact pressures and the impedance matrix of multiple strip footings considering the SSSI effect are obtained by combining the Green function with the element discretization technique. In contrast with the mixed boundary-value method, the present method avoids the directly solving of contact pressures which cannot be expressed by the elementary functions. The validity and wide applicability of the present method has been verified by the comparative studies. The SSSI effect on the contact pressures and impedances for a group of surface strip footings are illustrated by the parametric studies.
For the strip footings such as track footings, dams, or building footings with high ratio of length to width, it is reasonable to consider the problem as a plane strain case with a coordinate system (x-z) where the z-axis is normal to the space surface. Consider a group of strip footings with different width Lm (m = 1, … , M) and different separation distance Sm, as shown in Figure 1. M footings rest on a linear elastic half-space, and the mth footing is excited by the vertical harmonic line excitations Tm exp(iωt) (m = 1, … , M).
Figure 1: Strip footing group rested on an elastic half-space subjected to vertical harmonic excitations.
The SSSI effect of the system consisting of the M footings can be conveniently expressed bywhere represents the vertical displacement of the th footing. The impedance in matrix is a complex number in the matrix, which describes the coupling interaction effect between the th footing and the th footing. = , in which . Here, the real part acts as a spring which expresses the restraint from soil medium on the footing, whereas the imaginary part acts as a dashpot which expresses the energy dissipation from the soil medium. Based on the above formulations, an equivalent simplified model as shown in Figure 2 visually describes the dynamic interaction among strip footings in a group through the soil.
Figure 2: Equivalent model in frequency domain for dynamic interaction of footing group with frequency-dependent springs and dampers.
The impedance matrix should be determined with regard to the contact condition at the footing-soil interfaces. For the simplification in analysis, the interface between the supporting medium and each footing is divided into a number of surface strip elements. The coordinate information for each element is shown in Table 1. The elements beneath the th footing () are numbered in succession from 1 to , starting from the left to the right. The width of the element is denoted by . It is assumed that the rth element () of the th footing is subjected to the uniform pressure , as shown in Figure 3.
Table 1: Coordinate information of each element.
Figure 3: Calculation model of each strip footing in the group.
Based on the Cartesian coordinate system (x-z) with z = 0 at the free surface, the wave equations in an elastic half-space composed of homogeneous and isotropic solid are given bywhere is the density of the elastic soil, and are the elastic Lamé constants, and and are the displacement components of the soil in x and z directions. The steady-state vertical dynamic of the soil satisfies u = Ueiωt and = Weiωt. The term exp(iωt) is hereafter omitted from all displacements and forces for brevity. and denote the volumetric strain and the Laplacian operator, respectively.
Substituting (4) in (3), the wave equations can be transformed into two Helmholtz equations:where h = ω/Vp, k = ω/Vs, is the dilatational wave (P wave) velocity, and is the shear wave (S wave) velocity.
The general solutions of (5) can be obtained by using the separation of variables method. Thereafter, making use of (4), the general solutions of displacements U and W in a half-space can be expressed aswhere and are the integral coefficients dependent on the boundary conditions of the soil surface, and .
Without loss of generality, we consider the vertical uniform pressure applied at a strip element, as shown in Figure 4. The boundary conditions at the ground surface z = 0 havewhere is the interval of strip element beneath the strip footings with its coordinate information shown in Table 1.
Figure 4: The half-space acted by a vertical harmonic uniform excitation.
Following the superposition approach, the vertical displacement W (x, 0) at any point of the soil surface caused by a series of strip elements beneath the footing group can be obtained from (14) as follows:where and . is the number of strip element beneath the th footing, and is the footing number of the group.
Equation (18) is a multivalue improper integral, which can be precisely calculated by the piecewise integration and the Cauchy principal value integral, which can be expressed asin which,where is the root of and means the Cauchy principal value integral.
For brevity, (16) can be written in a compact form:in which and .
In consideration of the continuous contact between the rigid footings and the soil, the displacement of the surface soil elements beneath the th rigid footing should satisfy , in which is a unit column vector of order Rm. For the system shown in Figure 1, the relationship between the displacements of the surface soil elements and those of the footing group should satisfyin which,where is a matrix of dimension and is a zero column vector of order Rm.
Finally, comparing the above equation with (1), these unknown parameters in Figure 2 can be obtained by the following impedance matrix of the footing group.
Convergence and numerical stability of the proposed method are investigated with respect to the number of segmental strip elements. The vertical impedances of a single footing with different series terms are given in Table 2. It is seen from Table 2 that 100 elements for uniform pressures are enough to give results with at least three significant digits.
Table 2: The convergence of the vertical impedance of a single strip footing.
The vertical displacement at the soil surface under unit harmonic force is compared with that obtained by the thin layered method (TLM)  to verify the numerical calculation of the multivalue improper integral in the Green function (13). The parameters used are soil density ρ = 2000 kg/m3, shear wave velocity Vs = 500 m/s, Poisson's ratio , the distance between the observation location and the force location d = 40 m, and the interval width of the uniform pressure 1 m. The nondimensional excitation frequency is a0 = kd/2. The displacement response of the half-space with respect to the force-frequency is given in Figure 5. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the present solutions agree with TLM's solutions. However, there are some minor differences between the results from the two methods up to 30% in Figure 5. This is because the present model satisfies the boundary condition of a semi-infinite half-space while the TLM model used the artificial boundary. Therefore, the present solution is more accurate than that of TLM.
Figure 5: Displacement response of half-space under the harmonic vertical excitation.
The flexibility of a rigid strip footing was obtained by Luco and Westmann  based on the mixed boundary-value approach with Fredholm integral equations. As there are considerable difficulties in solving Fredholm integral equations numerically or analytically, only a special case for Poisson's ratio was studied rigorously in Luco's solution. The cases with Poisson's ratio were approximately studied by using the dominant part of the singular integral equation to evaluate the impedances of the strip footing, which is only valid for the low frequency . In order to compare with Luco's solutions, the impedance ℜ is transformed into the flexibility by F = ℜ−1. The flexibility of the footing with respect to dimensionless exciting frequency is plotted in Figure 6 for three different Poisson's ratios , 1/3, and 0.25. In Figure 6, the maximum relative errors between two solutions are less than 10%. The agreement with Luco's solution approves the correctness and effectiveness of the present method. In addition, Figures 6(b) and 6(c) show that the present method covers a wider range of frequency than Luco's method.
Figure 6: Vertical flexibility F(a0) of a strip footing: (a) . (b) . (c) .
The contact pressures of footing groups, as well as that of a single footing, under the harmonic vertical excitations with dimensionless frequencies a0 = 0.2 and 3 are plotted in Figure 7 for a group of two footings and in Figure 8 for a group of three footings. Horizontal coordinate is a local coordinate with its origin at the center of each footing. Longitudinal coordinate = Lq/(KsigH) is a dimensionless contact pressure, in which Ksig is the dynamic stiffness of a single footing and H is its displacement amplitude. It also can be seen from Figure 7 that the pressure distributions of the footings in the group are different from that of a single strip footing due to the SSSI effect. Moreover, the comparison between Figures 7(a) and 7(b) indicates that the shape and magnitude of the contact pressures for both single footing and footing group change with the frequency of the excitation.
Figure 7: SSSI effect between two strip footings on dynamic contact pressures (footing distance ratio S/L = 0.25; Poisson's ratio ). (a) a0 = 0.2. (b) a0 = 3.0.
Figure 8: SSSI effect among three strip footings on dynamic contact pressures (footing distance ratio S/L = 0.25; Poisson's ratio ). (a) a0 = 0.2. (b) a0 = 3.0.
In addition, the differences between the contact pressures of footing group and those of a single footing in Figures 7 and 8 properly indicate the significance of the SSSI effect. For two footings in Figure 7 and two side footings in Figure 8, the pressure distribution around the outside edge is still in accord with that of a single footing, while the pressure distribution around the inside edge slopes downward because of the interference from the adjacent footing. Moreover, the middle footing in Figure 8 although presents a symmetrical distribution of pressure, its magnitude and shape are completely different from those of the single footing. Therefore, those pressure distribution assumptions for single footings would cause a considerable error in SSSI analysis.
Two adjacent strip footings with the same width L and separated by a distance S are used to investigate the influence of the distance ratio S/L on the SSSI effect under vertical harmonic excitation. The variation of the vertical flexibility with the dimensionless frequency is plotted in Figures 9–11 for different distance ratios (S/L = 0.125, 0.5, 4.0, ∞) and different Poisson's ratios (). The maximum differentia between the vertical flexibility considering the SSSI effect and that of a single footing is less than 10% in Figures 9–11 when the distance ratio between two adjacent footings reaches S/L = 4. However, it can be seen from Figures 9–11 that the SSSI effect between adjacent footings increases with the decrease of the distance ratio S/L. The vertical flexibility for the case of a small distance ratio S/L = 0.125 shows an obvious fluctuation around the solution of an isolated footing which is induced by the SSSI effect. In addition, the comparison among Figures 9–11 shows that Poisson's ratio of the soil produces little influence on the effective distance of the SSSI effect.
Figure 9: Vertical flexibility F(a0) in consideration of SSSI effect for . (a) Real part. (b) Imaginary part.
Figure 10: Vertical flexibility F(a0) in consideration of SSSI effect for . (a) Real part. (b) Imaginary part.
Figure 11: Vertical flexibility F(a0) in consideration of SSSI effect for . (a) Real part. (b) Imaginary part.
This example shows the matrix impedance for a group of three footings in the case of a distance ratio S/L = 0.5 and Poisson's ratio . The vertical impedances Kii and Cii (i = 1, 2, and 3) are shown in Figure 12, and the corresponding coupling impedances Kij and Cij of paired footings are shown in Figure 13. The impedance of an isolated footing Ksig and Csig without the SSSI effect is also presented in Figures 12 and 13 for comparisons. It can be seen from Figure 12 that the vertical impedances of Kii and Cii influenced by the SSSI effect fluctuate around that of the isolated one. It can be seen from Figure 13(a) that the coupling stiffness K21 and K23 are negative for low frequencies. Therefore, although the stiffness of K22 is higher than the stiffness of a single footing Ksig in Figure 12(a) for low frequencies, the stiffness of the central footing is still lower than Ksig when the footing group has the same displacement. It agrees with the general behavior of group footings and agrees with the results of Figures 7 and 8. Moreover, the comparison between K11 and K22 in Figure 12, as well as C11 and C22, indicates that the middle footing experiences a greater SSSI effect than the side ones. The coupling impedances of paired footings given in Figure 13 show that the SSSI effect between the middle footing and its adjacent ones is significantly greater than that between two side footings due to a smaller distance ratio.
Figure 12: Vertical impedances of Kii and Cii in the impedance matrix. (a) Real part. (b) Imaginary part.
Figure 13: Vertical coupling impedance of Kij and Cij in the impedance matrix. (a) Real part. (b) Imaginary part.
An efficient semianalytical method has been presented for modelling the vertical dynamic interaction among a group of strip footings rested on the elastic half-space. The approach is of significance for dynamic analysis and seismic design of strip footings with close space, such as a series of parallel tracks or building foundations with a high ratio of length to width. The dynamic contact pressures and impedance matrix of a group of rigid strip footings considering the SSSI effect have been studied in detail, and the following conclusions can be emphasized:(1)The present method overcomes the mathematical limitations in the mixed boundary-value method and can provide the dynamic impedances of multiple footings within a wide scope of excitation frequency. The computational stability and accuracy of the present method have been verified by the convergence studies and the comparison examples.(2)The distributions of contact pressures for strip footing groups are influenced by the frequency of excitation and the SSSI effect. Therefore, those symmetric distribution assumptions for a single footing would cause a considerable error in SSSI analysis.(3)The SSSI effect increases with the decrease of distance ratio S/L between paired strip footings. It is advisable to consider the SSSI effect among footing groups when S/L reaches a small ratio less than 4.0, especially for the case of a low exciting frequency a0 from 0.5 to 1.5. Poisson's ratio of the half-space has little effect on this critical value of S/L.(4)The dynamic impedance of a strip footing in group fluctuates around that of a single one. For strip footings located in the different positions of the group, the middle footing generally suffers a greater SSSI effect than the side ones.(5)Although the results in this paper are limited to the homogeneous half-space, the presented discretized method can be extended to the layered half-space with the fundamental solution of the wave equation of layered half-space, which will be derived in our further research by a transferred matrix method.
The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51708179), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170299), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632216), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016B15014) are greatly acknowledged.
J. P. Wolf, Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1985.