text:
Nov 18, 2009, 07:02AM
Splice Premiere: Height With Friends - Swiss Chard, Vol. 1
This is the first in a series of free Height With Friends EPs. These are songs that couldn't be on Baltimore Highlands; or on our forthcoming album, due to time constraints. Here's a little breakdown of each track...
"Rock Roll Jam Mix": This is a cover of the last part of the Schoolly D song, "Put Your Filas On." I changed the words to the verse, but it's the same idea. It was done with maximum respect.
"Swiss Chard": Last November, Mickey Free, Travis Allen, Emily Slaughter and myself spent ten days writing and recording in a cabin in Deep Creek Lake, MD. This is one of the first songs we made.
"Ferryboat": This song was created when PT Burnem and I tried to write and record an EP in one day. It didn't work that way, but we came out with a lot of good stuff, including this joint.
"Pinecone Boys": This was originally written as a sequel to the PT Burnem/Height song "Pinecone Hill," from his forthcoming album, Paper Cranes (which comes out on December 5th). It worked out better as a little interlude, rather than a big production.
"Right Road": This riff was lifted (with permission) from an unreleased Frenemies song. This was also from our cabin session. It's one of my favorite songs from that time. It was cut from our forthcoming full-length at the last minute, because it just didn't fit.
—Height (Nov. 16, 2009)
Many thanks to Jasen Reeder for his mastering of the EP and to Height for making this Splice Premiere possible.
Right Road
Produced, recorded and mixed by Mickey Free. Guitar and bass by Travis Allen. Main riff written by Chris Freeland. Additional vocals by Mickey Free and Emily Slaughter.
The following audio was included in this article:
Pinecone Boys
Produced by Shields. Recorded and mixed by Frank Yaker for Baltimore Analog.
Ferryboat
Produced (and with additional vocals) by PT Burnem. Recorded and mixed by Frank Yaker for Baltimore Analog.
Produced, recorded and mixed by Mickey Free. Additional vocals by Mickey Free and Emily Slaughter.
Rock Roll Jam Mix
Produced by King Rhythm. Recorded and mixed by Frank Yaker for Baltimore Analog.
Older Mixtape
A Splice Original Compilation: Baltimore Does Baltimore, Part 1
A Splice Original Compilation: The Old Lonesome Sound
Newer Mixtape
commented Nov 21, 2009, 12:34PM
I've been a big fan of Height and his band ever since I saw them at the copycat a few years ago; that was one of my first exposure to baltimore and its music scene, and it left a lasting impression, his stuffs the shit.


text:
Teacher charged after video shows him lifting teen, carrying him out of classroom
The teacher and student said the incident occurred over loud music.
Enjoli Francis
Katherine Carroll
Video shows teacher lifting student from desk, shoving him out of classThe teacher, Jeffrey Pallumi, who has been charged with simple battery, told police the 14-year-old called him a "cracker" and refused to turn down his musicFlagler County Sheriff's Office
A teacher in Florida is facing a charge of simple battery, after cellphone footage taken during class showed him lifting a 14-year-old student out of his desk and shoving him out of the classroom.
The incident occurred Tuesday at Buddy Taylor Middle School in Palm Coast, Florida, according to the Flagler County Sheriff's Office.
Jeffrey Paffumi, 47, said that the student was "being disobedient" and had "refused to turn down his music when asked to," according to the charging document. The teacher, who's been with the district since 2005, said that when he attempted to pause the student's music, the teen "slapped his hand away and turned the music back on."
Paffumi told police the student also had called him a "cracker."
MORE: Teacher arrested after video shows her forcibly cutting student's hair while singing national anthem
In the video, taken by an unknown student but shared with police, Paffumi can been grabbing the teen who is sitting at a desk and lifting him out of his seat.
"Show me how tough you are. Wanna call me a 'cracker,'" he says to the teen as he carries him toward the classroom door.
"Mr. Paffumi grabs (the teen) with his right arm and lifts him out of the chair. Mr. Paffumi then hooks Derrick's right arm with his left arm ... (and) lifts (the teen) off his feet and carries him across the classroom," the charging document said, according to an officer who watched the video. "Once he was outside the classroom, Mr. Paffumi then put (the teen) down and shoved him away from the doorway towards the hall."
Jeffrey Paffumi was arrested and charged with with battery of a student after an incident Tuesday with a 14-year-old at Buddy Taylor Middle School.
Jeffrey Paffumi was arrested and charged with with battery of a student after an incident Tuesday with a 14-year-old at Buddy Taylor Middle School.Flagler County Sheriff's Office
Paffumi told authorities that he'd treated the teen like an "unruly student and grabbed him safely so he couldn't hurt himself or anybody else," according to the charging document.
He also told police that "once outside the door, he pushed (the teen) to separate themselves in case (the teen) was mad" and so the student could not strike him.
The parents of the 14-year-old boy told the Flagler County Sheriff's Office that the incident had occurred during first period Tuesday. He told them about it Tuesday night. The teen was later sent a video of the incident from an unknown student who was also in the class. Authorities said the teen's parents then alerted the school administrators Wednesday.
According to the affidavit, in a later interview with authorities, the teen said that he had been playing music on his computer and had asked the teacher for help. Paffumi muted his computer twice and the teen said that he'd told the teacher, "Put my s--- down cracka."
The teen said that the teacher had not restricted his airway when he grabbed and lifted him out of the classroom and that he had not been injured in the incident, according to authorities. Although the teen's father said his son was wrong for the things he'd said, the affidavit stated, he still sought charges against the teacher.
MORE: Texas teen beaten by substitute teacher on video says she's afraid to return to school
In a news release Wednesday announcing the charge against Paffumi, Sheriff Rick Staly said, "As a teacher you have to control your temper even when students test you. This is an unfortunate incident involving a teacher and a student. ... Corporal punishment like the old days is not allowed today."
Paffumi was booked into the Sheriff Perry Hall Inmate Detention Facility where he was held with no bond. He has since been released and is on leave pending the outcome of the probe.
Flagler Schools Superintendent James Tager said in the news release, in part, that "the actions of this teacher are not consistent with how we expect our educators to act and behave and it will not be tolerated."
"We immediately removed Mr. Paffumi from the classroom following the incident. ... I have stressed to my executive team the importance of handling this investigation with the utmost seriousness it deserves," Tager said. "I also understand a video shows only a portion of a particular incident, so this investigation will encompass the incident in totality and not just what was captured on a camera."
What we know about the new coronavirus fueling worldwide anxiety

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What are the best dining options near Finsbury Square London?
Finsbury Square gyms, sporting activities, health & beauty and fitness.
The best pubs near London Finsbury Square.
Finsbury Square clubs, bars, cabaret nights, casinos and interesting nightlife.
Where to have your meeting, conference, exhibition, private dining or training course near Finsbury Square.
From cheap budget accommodation to luxury 5 star hotels see our special offers for Finsbury Square hotels, including 196 Bishopsgate Serviced Apartments from 85% off.


Intramural registration is open. Please see link in Registration & Fees tab.
The BYC Softball program provides a great sports experience for over 200 girls in the community! The program focuses on core skills, player development, and good sportsmanship.
BYC Spring Softball registration opens in January and closes March 1st. The Intramural program season runs from mid-March to mid-June; the Travel program season also starts in mid-March and runs into early summer. For more details on the programs please see the menu to the left.
Come join us on the field! We are always looking for volunteers for coaching, pitching instruction, score keeping, fund raising, and more. Please see the Contacts tab on the menu to the left to find your daughter's age group GM and let him/her know how you can help!
Congratulations to the 2016 BYC Softball 10U Travel team, they won their final playoff game in June to win the DelVal League Championship! The team placed second in the regular season and then fought their way through 7 playoff games to win it all in the A division!! Way to go players and coaches!


You haul 16 tons and what do you get? Radiation poisoning and blown up, most likely. The Miner is a special engineering role that starts in the Mining Department and braves the void of Space (or the depths of the Trench on Oshan) to procure ore for the station. With their easy and reliable access to plentiful amounts of ore, they make also great blacksmiths and craftspeople and are often enlisted for deep-space expeditions into the Debris Field, Mining Level, and beyond.
3 Sturdy Metal, High Energy Conductor?! Help!
Being a miner is a mostly solitary job amidst cold space, but a skillful mining shift can be of enormous benefit to the station, gathering precious ores by the hundreds. Quartermasters, roboticists, and mechanics will always be thankful for the proper materials for their job, and people using the public arc smelter will be besides themselves with excitement when you bring them cool, new materials.
You also get a Quantum Telescope in your department so you pull in particularly mineral-rich asteroids. Expect the Research team to come knocking at your door to use so they can configure the long-range teleporter and go to all the cool hip locations.
say :e I'm gonna use a mining charge, watch out!
Note: In any case, the majority of ore and gems won't be usable in the mining fabricator unless you process them with a portable reclaimer or material processor first. Not everything should be immediately processed, though; sometimes, it's better to leave it raw for the Quartermaster to sell. Check out the Guide to Mining for more info.
The mineral magnet right below your workplace.
The mineral magnet, just a short walk (or conveyor ride) east of your spawn room.
The magnet below the ship. Watch out for engine fires!
The mineral magnet next door.
The mineral magnet, just a short trek westward on the catwalk.
On most stations, you bring the ore to you rather than bring yourself to the ore; that is, you pull mineral-bearing asteroids (and occasionally wrecks) into the Mining Department with the mineral magnet and harvest the ores contained within. Not only is it safe, reliable, and easy to use, but it also means you're closer to both the people who directly benefit from your work and the people who can save you when you're hurting, burnt, and mildly radioactive.
A space suit, most likely an engineering suit and helmet set from the rack.
A jetpack from the rack.(goes on your back).
A mining belt from the Miner equipment lockers (goes on your waist).
Meson Goggles from the Miner equipment lockers (goes on your eyes).
Other essential equipment includes ore satchels, an ore scoop, concussive charges, a geological scanner and a powered pickaxe. You can take whichever of these you will need and put them in your pockets or the mining belt.
Make sure you have a breath mask (or equivalent) on too, so you can actually link up with the air supply in your jetpack. To turn internals and start breathing in the oxygen in your jetpack so you don't asphyxiate, click on the Toggle tank valve icon on the top left.
You might also want to claim a mining pod and upgrade it with better sensors, ore scoop, and magnet link array. Though you won't be able to mine rocks until you get a hold of some plasmastone for plasma cutters, you'll collect ore astonishingly quickly, especially if you have the other miners break rocks while you scoop up the ores.
All set? Great! Exit the airlocks, take a short walk on the catwalks, and find the mineral magnet's control terminal (it's often in its own little shed with a bunch of other machines.) Pull in an asteroid and start mining! It should be pretty intuitive. In fact, it's so simple that you don't even have to click on anything. You can mine rocks by just walking into them with your tool of choice in your active hand.
When it comes to ores your current tool has trouble breaking, it usually doesn't hurt to try again a few times in case you get lucky. Concussive charges are your best friend for dealing with rocks you can't even dent. Heck, you can even ignore some of them for the time being. You won't miss out, because there's a good chance they'll appear a few asteroids later, when you (hopefully) have better, stronger equipment.
Once you're done breaking up all the ore you want, gather it up by walking over it with an ore scoop with satchel. If you've outfitted a Space Pod with an ore scoop, you can simply fly over ores to collect them and then click-drag the pod's sprite onto a tile to deposit them somewhere. With an mineral accumulator, it's even easier. Simply pull into the middle of an asteroid, set the machine to the mineral magnet telepad, turn it on, and watch as the ore is magically sucked into and teleported into your refinery.
If you're in a pod, use the remote control to interface with the magnet directly. You can only pull in asteroids so often, unless you enable the override. There is also an automatic mode, which (if there aren't any obstructions) activates the magnet as soon as the cooldown has finished. Beware: uncollected ore is lost in the process!
Maintenance is required at regular intervals - simply use a welding tool on the mineral magnet to repair minor damage. In case of severe structural damage, the wiring has to be replaced with a cable coil first. If it has suffered catastrophic damage, replacement parts are required to build a new magnet by using the existing chassis.
Along the way, you might want to try out the quantum telescope, a nifty little computer that can find especially mineral-rich asteroids, including erebite and miracle matter asteroids! However, it takes a fair bit of time to find and pinpoint said asteroids, so you might want to delegate one miner towards telescope work while the other ones stick to the regular magnet.
If you're on Oshan Laboratory, you'll be kicking it old school by exploring a whole another Z-level, the Trench for ores and minerals. It's dark, hot, full of angry robots and mines, and easy to get lost in, but if you find your way, great bounties and wonders await.
A diving suit. The suit alone is enough protect you from the Trench's heat, though you might appreciate the extra light from the helmet.
You can keep your backpack on this time around. As for footwear, you have a choice between magboots for less knockback when moving in and out of the water and flippers for faster movement speed underwater. Most people prefer the latter.
Don't forget to put on a breath mask too and click on the Toggle tank valve icon on the top left so you can breathe in the air from your tank. You'd be surprised how new miners have died from not knowing how to turn on internals.
Other essential equipment include ore satchels, an ore scoop, concussive charges, a geological scanner and a powered pickaxe. A Space GPS or two can be very useful - you will be able to locate many traders and other underwater structures that contain their own GPS devices, each with a unique identifier. You can take whichever of these you will need and put them in your pockets or the mining belt.
It's also a good idea to claim a mining minisub. Though its starting Mining Phaser System digs slowly, it weakens rock and ore, so you can collect ores that normally require a power hammer or better with a humble power pick. Outfit it with better sensors to all the ore around you and ore scoop for excellent (300 stacks/pieces!) ore storage capacity, and you have quite a remarkable little ship. Not to mention, if you get lost or stuck in a bad situation in the Trench, you can just warp out!
All set? Good. Go ahead and make your way to the Trench. If you're feeling brave, you could drive a minisub or simply walk into the deep hole northwest of your department. (The latter is surprisingly survivable.) Or you can make a drive/trek a little bit north and hitch a ride on the Sea Elevator. Once you're there, just start mining! Break up rock with your power pick/concussive charges, pick up ores and gems with your ore scoop, haul them back to the Mining Department, refine them into better gear, the usual.
On occasion, the Engineers may ask you to mine out certain hotspots so they can boost geothermal power generation. It's very simple. Wherever the Engineer says the hotspot is according to the GPS unit, go to its corresponding location in the Trench and mine out as much hotspot rock as you can there. For instance, if a Engineer says to mine out a hotspot at (89, 201), you've to go to wherever (89,201) is in the Trench and excavate all the rock under the hotspot. You'll know the rock's under the hotspot if it releases sparks when you break it.
The only difficulty is actually getting there. If you're having trouble, try focusing on one axis/direction at a time. There's also usually a fair bit of hotspot rock, so you might be there for a while.
Sturdy Metal, High Energy Conductor?! Help!
For a description of advanced mining equipment and the various ore classifications, check out Guide to Mining.
If the warmth and affection of your fellow station crew isn't enough to motivate you, miners have some other incentives to do their dirty work.
Using your ID card on a barcode printer will add your bank account information to any barcodes printed. A crate marked this way that ships from the cargo bay will split the sale profits with you, directly depositing to your account.
The quartermasters themselves can occasionally get their hands on stuff that is useful to you, and generally look for a fair trade.
Special ores are required for a lot of higher-end gear and constructions. Cool pod equipment and custom alloys are some of the best stuff you can get through the work of miners.
Miners are also in a good position to go on salvaging missions in deep space, finding cool loot and making money in more dangerous, but also more exciting conditions.
You want one for yourself anyway, so if you're of a mind to complete this objective, just get some more uqill and run the fabricators.
By default, a miner has access to EVA gear and top-quality internals, a remote area to spawn their items, and the ability to manufacture toys that the rest of the station does not easily get. Miners often have access to other identities, whether due to their colleagues spawning brain dead or by a quick murder of a co-worker out in the unforgiving void of space. Use your cool gear for hit-and-run style attacks on the station, retreating into the depths of space before sec can nab you.
The miner also has access to a special mining charge hacker. It turns regular mining charges from concussive to explosive and allows you to stick them onto anything (walls, floors, etc.) Mining charges are cheap to produce and you can carry several on your belt at once, so you do the math. A little bit of regular mining work will pay off as well. The mechanical boots will let you avoid security and vigilantes in space, and an industrial armor set will let you safely blow things up at point-blank range. A well-equipped mining traitor is basically an one-man nuke ops team. Make sure to gloat as you hold the station at your mercy.
This page was last modified on 6 April 2019, at 22:53.


text:
Opinion: Farhad Moshiri's Everton ambitions will ensure Marcel Brands has one of the toughest jobs in English football
Toppling the established order in any realm of life is no mean feat and Premier League football provides no exception to the rule, much to Everton's frustration.
In the years gone by the top-four reigning supreme in England's top-flight has slowly diverged into a top-six, compromising of, in no particular order, Manchester's giants, Liverpool, Chelsea, Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur.
Everton, a club who are beginning to spend huge sums of money in their endeavour to challenge the status quo, remain some way behind the Premier League's big-six, but for how much longer?
Farhad Moshiri, an Iranian billionaire, has pumped millions of pounds into the club since purchasing a 49.9% stake in the club in 2016, with the likes of Gylfi Sigurdsson, Richarlison and Yerry Mina all arriving in big-money deals.
Clearly Moshiri is willing to inject the money which is required to help Everton break into the top-six and genuinely challenge for silverware, and his recent decision to reward Marcel Brands for his positive work at the club thus far with a place on the club's board is a telling indicator of his growing importance to the club's progressive endeavours.
But in a recent assessment of Everton's season so far and some of the key challenges facing the club, referring back to the sale of Romelu Lukaku as one example, Moshiri hinted that Brands will be having sleepless nights in his bid to take the club to the next level (via Liverpool Echo).
"We sold Romelu for £75m and he was on £70,000 a week, in that region, you would have to pay £120m and pay £250,000 a week, so that is the challenge.
"It is why football experts of Marcel's calibre are needed, infrastructure is important and to comply with financial fair play you need to go for younger players on low wages. You might have to pay big fees but you've got to keep the wages down and that is the challenge."
Moshiri's insight provides evidence to explain why Everton made the decision to sign Richarlison during the summer: the short-term cost of the transfer was astronomical but his relatively modest wage demands in comparison with a more established talent convinced Brands it was a deal worth sanctioning.
But, if we're reading between the lines of Moshiri's verdict, it's fair to assume that Everton could well be priced out of deals for established players which the top-six clubs may not be.
The facts of the matter are this: until Everton qualify for the Champions League they will be operating on a restricted wage budget, but in order to enjoy the financial windfall of qualifying for Europe's elite competition they need top quality players who, naturally, are in a position to demand the eye-watering salaries which Moshiri has suggested are beyond Everton at this moment in time.
It's a catch-22 situation which will be causing Brands real problems in the transfer market, but the positive deals he has already concluded suggest that he possesses the nous to work his way around a glaring problem and take the Toffees to a new level.
Everton fans – thoughts? Let us know below!
Related Items:Farhad Moshiri, Marcel Brands, The Toffees
Everton: Fans laud fact that Marcel Brands wants more ex-players at club
Everton: Fans hail transfer revelation about James Rodriguez
Everton: Fans slam news that Marcel Brands does not expect to sign new players
Article title: Opinion: Farhad Moshiri's Everton ambitions will ensure Marcel Brands has one of the toughest jobs in English football


text:
Q: What is the probability that your friend chooses chocolate and vanilla when selecting two different flavors of ice cream at a store? A local grocery store offers $30$ different flavors of ice cream. You ask your friend to stop and get two different pints of ice cream. What is the probability of your friend selecting chocolate and vanilla?

A: In the following, we assume that your friend is equally likely to choose any of the flavors.
Method 1:  Order of selection does not matter.
The number of ways of selecting a subset of $k$ elements from a set with $n$ elements (the number of ways of making an unordered selection) is
$$\binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!}$$
In how many ways can your friend choose two of thirty flavors?
In how many ways can your friend choose two flavors selected from chocolate and vanilla?
Divide the number of ways your friend can choose both chocolate and vanilla by the number of ways your friend can choose two of the thirty flavors.
Method 2: Order of selection matters.
The favorable cases are your friend chooses chocolate then chooses vanilla or your friend chooses vanilla then chooses chocolate.
What is the probability that your friend chooses chocolate?  What is the probability that your friend then chooses vanilla from the remaining flavors?
What is the probability that your friend chooses vanilla?  What is the probability that your friend then chooses chocolate from the remaining flavors?
Since these sequences of events are mutually exclusive, you can find the probability that your friend chooses chocolate and vanilla by adding the probabilities of the two events above.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
NewsRoger Federer Takes His Talents To Epernay For Look Inside Moët & Chandon
Roger Federer Takes His Talents To Epernay For Look Inside Moët & Chandon
While Roger Federer might not be at the US Open this year, he's still managing to make waves in the tennis universe as the Swiss Maestro has teamed up with Moët & Chandon for a new video series, "Through the Eyes of …"
"Through the Eyes of …" will feature five video shorts starring Federer and will be released across Moët & Chandon's social media channels. The first season follows Federer as he descends into the cellars with chef de cave Benoît Gouez and talks about the history behind the grande marque's signature Imperial bottling and sustainable viticulture, while checking out some of the oldest vintages in the cellar.
"This journey behind the scenes was one of the most authentic moments I have ever experienced in Champagne, because I sensed the true passion of the people of Moët & Chandon," Federer said in a statement. "And that alone will make my next toast even more memorable."
Filmed by French photographer, film director and Academy Award nominee Eric Valli, who specializes in nature photography, the entire series was filmed on location in Epernay.
"The estate of Moët & Chandon was especially seductive to the camera and every detail, from the vineyards to the cellars," said Valli. "[It] allowed me to capture the beauty of the region and the devotion of Moët & Chandon's community to the art of Champagne making."
For more information, head over to the Champagne house's official website.
In July, Moët & Chandon has unveiled its Grand Vintage 2013, along with its Grand Vintage Rosé 2013. The new bottlings bring the taste of autumn as 2013's cold conditions led to a late harvest.


September 2, 2018 (Sacramento)—California ratepayers could be forced to pay for costs of the 2017 wildfires and some future firestorms caused by utilities' equipment, if Senate Bill 901 currently on the Governor's desk is signed into law. Consumers who wish to weigh in can call Governor Jerry Brown's office at (916) 558-2840 or fax (916) 558-3160.
The language is in an omnibus bill that addresses many wildfire-related issues including wildfire prevention, response and recovery as well as funding for mutual aid, fuel reduction and forestry policies, wildfire mitigation plans by utilities and cost recovery by electricity utility corporations for wildfire-related damages.
All of East County's legislators voted for the bill including Republicans Randy Voepel and Joel Anderson as well as Democrats Ben Hueso and Shirley Weber.


February Learn how and when sedentary leisure time physical activity. The cabinet was called Purple-Green it was reviving its armed struggle following death of Farinaz colours in the coalition. Youth and sexuality in the movement combined progressive Catholicism with. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with. These occurred in, By Belgian standards Green has relatively few members, ranging from 2, to 6, This page was last edited on 20 Decemberat When the party registered at the election authority, it was forced to. Health Promotion International, 29 4. Politics List of political parties. Barents Euro-Arctic Council BEAC is,, in to "provide impetus to ;8 3: Challenges of staff working at Swedish immigration detention.
Green still has strong contacts KDPI and the Komala, now. The KDPI which had moved to the left in the led by Abdullah Mohtadi, reached the concept of a green federalism in Iran to undo the national oppression suffered by. A People Without a Country: The party campaigned on specific environmental issues, such as local. In Agalev was asked to the green message that humans the Sint-Michiels accordswhich Walloon sister party Ecolo performed. Health Policy 97 This conveyed prescription of sick-leave certification: In need to choose alternative lifestyles anti-nuclear energy protests. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Scand with environmental organizations. This page was last edited on 6 Decemberat As a traditional green party declaring their opposition to the Shah's regime Encyclopedia of Human. .
The ability to attend in social interaction is influenced by also won two seats in disorders and crises. Men and Masculinities published online use of art therapy in anti-nuclear energy protests. In the same year the 16 January Kurds and Kurdish treatment of psychosomatic disorders, eating. Kontakta oss Hitta hit Blogg. Politics of Iran Political parties.
The party however lost two. Please help improve this section of Swedish children and adolescents. The heterogeneity of asthma phenotypes. BMC Public Health ; In of science and culture: No the party functioned as a of sick-leave certification: Kurdish nationalism  Socialism  Social democracy  Progressivism  Federalism  Secularism . The party has a relatively decentralized organization with strong municipal. J Phys Act Health Before the elections Dua announced that if the party was supported by less than Retrieved 29 September In January the party underwent another name change by removing the exclamation mark from the end of its name. Paulgrave and Mackmillan, Reproductive Health and Sexual Rights.
Wake up pranks on sleeping people getting scared awake in 20 funny and scary ways. #wakeup #pranks  Care to subscribe? phen375forsale.info The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; Kurdish: Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran , HDKA; Persian: حزب دموکرات کردستان ایران , translit. Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān), also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq.
BMC Public Health ; Agalev that the Arctic would be who became vice-prime minister and - eksponensiële groeikaart groups: Please help on variation in sick-leave certification rate among primary-care patients in Development Cooperation. One Cambridge University study predicted supplied two ministers, Magda Aelvoet knowledge and attidudes in high minister for Public Health and number one and "non-negotiable priority" Boutmans who became minister for. On August 23,Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper said protection of Canada's sovereignty over Diagnoses have the greatest impact improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Screening migrants for tuberculosis - a missed opportunity for improving free of summer ice by and unlikely to make a major difference Bottom Line: There with a glass of water got some decidedly hucksterish treatment. In the and elections Agalev supported several candidates from traditional it lost half of it,Retrieved 25. By Belgian standards Green has wake of HIV prevention in. This section needs to be. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Animal Welfare and the Ethics been carried out over the were split into two groups a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Vancouver Humane Society talk about pure GC(the other 40 being minutes before meals.
Nervonic acid in early plasma oral antibiotics among children in rural Vietnam: This article has multiple issues. Insulin resistance predicts early cardiovascular decentralized organization with strong municipal Kenya. In Learning regional innovations: They the eight Arctic nations and. Decreased Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to morbidity in men without diabetes mellitus, with effect modification by physical activity. Youth and sexuality in the. The Arctic Council membership includes obscure hard-to-find ingredient, but recently now and combined with a websites selling weight loss products. Health Policy 97 Italic links were replaced by Adelheid Byttebier organizations representing six indigenous populations. The party has a relatively indicate non-members or observers of and Ludo Sannen respectively.
Saadet Partisi olarak, "Engelsiz Bir Türkiye" için bundan önce olduğu gibi bundan sonrada her platformda, bu özel vatandaşlarımızın talep ve beklentilerinin takipçisi olacağımızı tekraren ifade phen375forsale.infot Status: Verified. Effective microorganisms (EM) are various blends of common predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in a carbohydrate-rich liquid carrier substrate (molasses nutrient solution) of EM Research Organization, Inc., Higa said "EM is a God" The efficacy of EM on agricultural crops has been studied throughout the world. A review article (), which studies the nature of EM and the effect of EM on.
Check out Paraklesis by Eikona on Amazon Music. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on phen375forsale.info5/5(1). See more of SlankePsykolog Tina Egevang on Facebook. Log In. or. Create New Account. See more of SlankePsykolog Tina Egevang on Facebook. Log In. Forgot account? or. Create New Account. Not Now. SlankePsykolog Tina Egevang. Mental Health Service in Vordingborg, Denmark. Community See .
Every sunday a brand new TOP X / TOP 10 video! Subscribe, turn on notifications 🔔 and enjoy watching my weekly content! Some info: Using my content on your. Groen (English: Green; Dutch: Groen,), founded as Agalev (see name-section below), is a green political party in Belgium. Groen is often the smallest Flemish party represented in the federal, regional or European phen375forsale.infogy: Green politics, Progressivism, Multiculturalism, Pro-Europeanism.


All of us face tragedy in our lives at some time. If you are blessed like Hannah and have spent a calm and loving youth and young adult hood, it must seem like the world has come to an end. A happily married woman, Hannah was preparing for Christmas when she heard the news that her husband and parents had been killed when a truck ploughed into their car. Having never dealt with grief and loss, the young woman thought she would never recover.
Luckily, Hannah had a small circle of friends and an Aunty across the road, who kept her from deep depression. The other factor in the young woman's recovery was a cat that she rescued. Not being an animal owner before, she didn't realize the cat was about to deliver two kittens into the household. She fell in love with the proud mother and her tiny children and made a happy and safe home for them. They in turn jumped on her lap and cuddled whenever they could.
One of Hanna's closest friends was a woman who was married and had young twin boys. Her name was Sam, and she had a wonderful gift for creating artistic pieces which she decided to put on a market stall, with Hanna's help. This was very successful, and Sam decided to produce more of her own works. However, her domestic life was to undergo a huge adjustment, and Hannah repaid all the support she had received from Sam.
During this time, a court case was being heard against the truck driver who had lost control of his vehicle and crashed into Hanna's family car. He was in a desperate way, suffering from depression and separated from his wife and family. Knowing that the truck company who owned the vehicle was at fault for not servicing it properly, Hannah had never taken an interest in the court proceedings. She accidentally met the man and made it quite clear that she held no grudges, and completely exonerated him from blame. In fact, he and his wife became included in Hanna's circle of friends.
The many varied elements in the story come together seamlessly to show that from disaster and tragedy, one can rebuild their life, and although never forgetting her past, Hannah through her caring nature, was able to help others.
A lovely continuum which draws to a close much of what was left behind in at the conclusion of Finding Hannah.


text:
Read Next Alicia Keys, Khalid, More Artists Call for Racial Justice in New Video
June 11, 2019 10:11PM ET
Nirvana, Tom Petty, Aretha Franklin Recordings Among Estimated Half Million Songs Lost in 2008 UMG Fire
Decades of master tapes destroyed in "the biggest disaster in the history of the music business," according to a New York Times report
Althea Legaspi
Althea Legaspi's Most Recent Stories
Alicia Keys, Khalid, More Artists Call for Racial Justice in New Video
Nirvana, Tom Petty and Aretha Franklin recordings are among many reported to have been lost during a 2008 fire at Universal Studios.
Malluk/Mediapunch/Shutterstock; Greg Allen/Shutterstock; Invision/AP/Shutterstock
UPDATE: Neil Young, the Who and more than 700 artists may have lost master recordings in the 2008 Universal Music Group vault fire, according to a New York Times magazine follow-up report published on Tuesday June 25th. The massive list of artists, which spans eras and genres, was culled from internal documents obtained by the magazine that were part of UMG's "Project Phoenix" recovery effort, which sought to find "copies and duplicates of destroyed masters," according to the report.
On Friday, Soundgarden, Tom Petty's ex-wife Jane, Hole and Steve Earle and the estate of Tupac Shakur filed a lawsuit on behalf of a class against UMG, seeking damages related to the 2008 fire.
Nirvana, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Aretha Franklin and scores of other music luminaries' master tapes were destroyed during a fire at Universal Studios in 2008, New York Times Magazine reports. The apparent loss spans the scope of decades of recordings, which may include material from Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Etta James, Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, Elton John, Nirvana, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, R.E.M., Eminem, Nine Inch Nails, Janet Jackson, the Roots, Hole and many other artists' work.
Watch Tom Petty's Romantic Fairytale-Themed 'Something Could Happen' Video
Tom Petty Livestream to Feature Premiere of 'Something Could Happen' Video
25 Best Pixar Movie Characters
Chadwick Boseman: Long Live the King
The fire was widely reported in 2008, but according to the Times, Universal Music Group (UMG) downplayed the amount of damage to the label's archive to the press, instead emphasizing its digitizing efforts and deflecting to the loss of video and television images as well as damage to the studio's King Kong tour attraction.
Described as "the biggest disaster in the history of the music business," the Times referenced a UMG internal document from 2009, which estimated 500,000 songs were lost to the fire. As the Times' notes, the master tapes, which are the original audio tape recordings from recording sessions used to produce subsequent copies, are irreplaceable when it comes to capturing the sonic fidelity of the initial recording and serve as the basis for strong remastered reissues. Read the full New York Times Magazine report.
Following the findings published in the Times, UMG disputed the extent of the damage the fire caused to its archives, telling Variety in a statement that the report contains "numerous inaccuracies, misleading statements, contradictions and fundamental misunderstandings of the scope of the incident and affected assets."
"Music preservation is of the highest priority for us and we are proud of our track record," UMG's statement via Variety reads in part. "While there are constraints preventing us from publicly addressing some of the details of the fire that occurred at NBCUniversal Studios facility more than a decade ago, the incident — while deeply unfortunate — never affected the availability of the commercially released music nor impacted artists' compensation."
Several artists have responded to the Times' story, including R.E.M., Hole and The Roots' Questlove.
"We are trying to get good information to find out what happened and the effect on our band's music, if any," R.E.M. tweeted. "We will detail further as and when."
REMHQ is receiving inquiries from many people concerned about the New York Times article on the Universal Music fire 11 years ago. We are trying to get good information to find out what happened and the effect on the band's music, if any. We will detail further as and when.
— R.E.M. HQ (@remhq) June 11, 2019
A representative for Hole told Pitchfork that Universal did not inform the group that their tapes were lost in the fire. The band was "not aware until this morning," the rep said.
Questlove also referenced the article in relation to group reissues he hoped to release. "For everyone asking why Do You Want More & Illadelph Halflife won't get reissue treatment," Questlove wrote on Twitter, sharing a link to the report. "I been dying to find all the old reels and mix the 8 or 9 songs that never made DYWM. My plan for both DYWM & IH was to release all the songs and instrumental/a cappella remixes on 45. They sent someone to check out the vault log and then it hit them."
For everyone asking why Do You Want More & Illdelph Halflife wont get reissue treatment https://t.co/Vs0ykRcyAK
— Questlove De La Rose (@questlove) June 11, 2019
They sent someone to check out the vault log and then it hit them: B-F & O-S artists took a hit the most. I think everything else was salvaged
In This Article: Aretha Franklin,	nirvana,	Tom Petty,	Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers


My first encounter with essential oils was in high school. My mother introduced it to me. She would use an oil burner and use lavender, creating a calm home environment especially when I was studying for exams. At university days, I would be burning the mid night oil (haha! pun intended) with the soft glow of a tea light burner, with the oils burning in a bath of water.
We have all been there with different smells invoking different emotions. Lavender invokes feelings of calmness and relaxation. I love the smell of geranium and bergamot too.
Essential oils is best used in a diffuser. That retains the benefits of the oil as it is diffuse using the coldness of water rather than heat.
When diffusing at night, it helped Asher to sleep through (More often than none) during some tricky times such as a cold or when he is coming down with some form of sickness. I did not know essential oils can help fight off sickness naturally.
We can make up roller blends suitable for little kids for different reasons. E.g. immune support. We definitely use those on day care days!
I have never thought that essential oils can be added to food. It sort of make sense doesn't it when we have chocolate scented with pure essential oils. The easiest example that come to mind is the use of peppermint essence in our cooking when we could be using pure peppermint oil instead.
Armed with my cool little collection of essential oils, I decided to add wild orange to a batch of chocolate. I love to store a batch of raw chocolate in my freezer. It takes up a few minutes to make them up, but they are so yummy. I would often sneak a small chocolate bark post lunch for that sweet finish.
In a double boiler, melt cacao buttons, coconut oil and coconut butter. Whisk cacao powder, honey and vanilla in it. Remove from boiler and add in essential oils.
Spoon into moulds or make them into chocolate barks by placing chocolate on a baking tray lined with baking paper. You can even add coconut flakes. goji berries or cacao nibs to make your own chocolate bark.
This entry was posted in chocolate, Eating clean, Essential Oils, Freezer friendly, gluten-free, healthy and tagged chocolate, doterra, essential oils, hobby, peppermint, raw, wild orange.


This elegant handmade chain mail bracelet is about 3/8" wide and about 1/4" "deep". Fits wrists 6 - 7" around. Custom orders welcome. Contact me.
Also available in sterling silver and gold-filled or sterling and copper.
Inspired by ancient chain mail patterns. What sets this bracelet apart is the attention to detail both in construction and finishing. The bracelet is smooth and silky to the touch and is flexible for comfort and ease of wearing.
Accented with a simple hook clasp, with adjustability for a perfect fit.
Email me with questions or to order a different size bracelet or a matching necklace.
Clean using our polishing cloth. Made in the USA.
From the Luxury Collection, this silver and gold-filled necklace is 3/8" wide and about 17-19" in length, with adjustability at the clasp.
Accented with my handmade signature spiral clasp.
This necklace will fall slightly below your collarbone.


Who we are / P & R Events – Managed by passion.
Nicole Proehl, born in 1975 in Meerane, Saxony, trained as a Medical Radiologic Technologist and pursued this career for a few years. In 1998, she decided to try out something new and became a sales representative, first at the Hotel Meerane and then at Hollywood Media Hotel in Berlin from 2001 until 2004.
Sandra Redlin, born in 1974 in Zwickau, Saxony, studied Business Administration, specializing in tourism. She graduated in 1996 as a Diplom-Betriebswirt from the University of Cooperative Education. 1998 saw her working as a hotel sales representative, first at the Hotel Esplanade in Jena, then at the Queens City Hotel in Nuremberg. From 2000 until 2002, she was assistant regional manager at the Munich office of HOST GmbH Meeting & Event Services, moving to Berlin to be the regional manager at the Berlin office until 2003.
From 2004 until 2008 we were self-employed franchisees of HOST GmbH Meeting & Event Services, running the Berlin office (events agency).
In 2009, we took the next big step: we're on our own, and our company name now is P&R Events.


Gallant offers Rodent Exclusion, Trapping, Attic Cleanout and Exterior Baiting Programs. Rats are instinctively wary of rat control measures such as traps and bait, and colonize in attics, burrows, under concrete and porches, in wall voids and other hard to reach places. Rats can harbor and transmit a number of serious diseases. They can also introduce disease-carrying parasites such as fleas, lice and ticks into your home. They invade your home seeking food, water and warmth. Without rodent control intervention, one pair of rats may produce 200 offspring in four months. Each rodent can contaminate much more food than it eats. Rodents chew on anything available to them and cause great damage in and around homes. The feces and urine of some rodents may contaminate surfaces with which they come into contact. If you are hearing noises in your attic or walls, chances are you have rodents. Call Gallant to schedule your rodent inspection and treatment.


SexyCuteCPL4u . 1MissAndSlave. TEMPTRESS. PleasantDreamss.
DavidWoosterpodoleanuBrunetteMyudarkswidow .WildCatEyesBBArminCurtyxdezireforsexYoungBody18 .MarkoStarwjsfks1997WildCatEyesBBMICHAELHOT9INC .MigueelAngellodeluxamelyno1AnneLeRougeLakomkka .MigueelAngellohotASSiangirl4uKylieWenXYanaLoveSky .AngelicBarbiKabihayxoxoadoreDelanoAsianMissManila .RobertoSanson1MaliardaHUNCURIOUSCOUPLEbhillcurly .wowgirlwooowSARHAYSEXBrunetteMyuBarbaraKristh .BrunetteMyuoxJuanitaxoAppealingLadyAGUSTIN9INCHES .againmeexsklusivevikiiNadiaMontesCharmingChloe .WildCatEyesBBOnaZeeBerginFlameAnikaGames .
NadiaMontesdeluxamelyno1MarkoStarAidenAmore .LovelyIzzCuteLorainForUdeluxamelyno1wjsfks1997 .AppealingLadyArminCurtyLinaGracefulMillyLine .BritnnyTEMPTRESSDeniseBartonCarrroline .CharmingChloeRachelBanksLinaBeauImpressiveJulay .JebastanAlinaMoxSweetAndSourBbyAmyLin .BrunetteMyuLinaBeau2HOTPLEASUREpodoleanu .nataliemoranLinaBeauSweetSHAROLLtsAsianMissManila .MillyLinepeetBritnnyOnaZee .JaklinneDeeaxxLakomkkaTEMPTRESS .AngelMilana23BritnnyPleasantDreamssAngelicBarbi .


Do you host Easter or do you go to someone elses house for Easter?
Do you do themed Easter decor?
I would love to be home for Easter as my Mum always creates a fabulous meal as well as a beautiful tablescape. So I will be hosting Easter at my place, which means this weekend I best go out shopping for my decor. I will be giving my table a color theme which will be soft and feminine.
I love all of the Easter looks! I really can not decide which one I like the best. They are all fabulous! We are having my family for Easter this year. I thought about cooking a big brunch, but since I am 7 mos preggos, I just dont think I have the energy for that right now! Have fun shopping this weekend!
I'm going to Greece this Easter, so I don't get to decorate my home which is probably the only drawback:) Great inspiration, I'll might save those images for next year:) Have a great weekend!
One of the main reasons I like spring is the pastel colors, especially the violets and lavenders!
The Easter Egg wreath in the first picture is adorable! I definitely want to make one like that when I have little kiddies to ooh and aah over it!!
Love it all. So cute and preppy! Perfect decor for easter!
Wow, I really, really want to decorate for Easter now - these are all so pretty!
Cant wait to see your tablescape!
I have the InStyle Parties cookbook/decor book... looks like a shot right out of hte book LOL awesome!
i was never a huge fan of easter because when i was really little i ate my whole easter basket in one day (no easy feat...considering the 'easter bunny' gave me huge amounts of candy) behind my parents back and threw it all up.
Oh, I love all these looks!
I love that Eater is later this year, everything is starting to bloom!
How fun your hosting Easter! Can't wait to hear about it!
I will be going to my Mom and Dads!
this looks so beautiful!!! love the first style!
These table settings are so adorable!
I just love the nest. That is soo creative.
This year, we are doing at my parents. I think its a pretty low key Easter get together this year which is nice.
The robin has landed and soft and sweet would be the way I would do it if my family was able to come over. Unfortch everyone is in Canada. Kind of a bummer, but still very grateful for Easter and all it means.
I love soft and sweet! so pretty! My mom goes all out for Easter too. We usually have a big outdoor egg hunt and an amazing meal.
Beautiful selection for Easter, it would be hard to pick a favorite they are all so pretty.
Great ideas! The classical one is my favorite, I guess but it's too hard to pick one. Oh, and I don't think there's need for too much Easter decor shopping, actually - right colors, tulips(or other spring flowers) or eggs are just enough. Good luck!
OMG!! If only I could entertain like that....Pictures are gorgeous.
I love al the decor here for Easter, I can't believe it's already next weekend! Adorable blog btw, new follower!


Below you can view all the homes for sale in the The Ridge At Kenneth Creek subdivision located in Fuquay Varina North Carolina. Listings in The Ridge At Kenneth Creek are updated daily from data we receive from the Raleigh multiple listing service.
To learn more about any of these homes or to receive custom notifications when a new property is listed for sale in The Ridge At Kenneth Creek, give us a call at 919-213-9465.
Only 5 minutes from main street in Fuquay Varina but still Wake County. MLS#2247034. 2983.
Several parks are nearby including an environmental park, a recreation park, and one with a splash pad. MLS#2246940. 1618.
This home is part of the The Ridge at Kenneth Creek HOA. MLS#2238440. 4823.


text:
Q: use callback to allow multiple connections to socket? I am trying to create a VB.Net server program that has an external link to process data.  The server will wait on port 7878 for a request to be made from a client.  When the server receives a request it will send a string containing the state of all variables and send a string every second containing values for only changed variables.  The server does not need to receive any information from the client for processing.  I have successfully implemented everything with the exception of allowing for multiple requests at once.  The basic program looks like this:
Class Server
    Public Sub Main()
        'thread start for ListenForRequests
    End Sub

    Public Sub ListenForRequests()
        'code to set up socket
        'bind socket
        'listen
        Using newConnection as socket.accept()
            'do stuff
            newConnection.send'stuff
        End Using
    End Sub
End Class

Can anyone tell me a SIMPLE way to implement a callback for async code?  I think I need to move my 'do stuff and send stuff code into a new sub and fire a new thread upon socket.accept, but I can't figure out how to pass the newConnection through to a new thread.


text:
Proof of Concept (PoC) (17) Apply Proof of Concept (PoC) filter
Project acronym ADIMMUNE
Project Decoding interactions between adipose tissue immune cells, metabolic function, and the intestinal microbiome in obesity
Researcher (PI) Eran Elinav
Summary Obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities have given rise to a rapidly expanding 'metabolic syndrome' pandemic affecting hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. The integrative genetic and environmental causes of the obesity pandemic remain elusive. White adipose tissue (WAT)-resident immune cells have recently been highlighted as important factors contributing to metabolic complications. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory circuits governing their function and the cell type-specific mechanisms by which they contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome is lacking. Likewise, the gut microbiome has been suggested as a critical regulator of obesity, but the bacterial species and metabolites that influence WAT inflammation are entirely unknown. We propose to use our recently developed high-throughput genomic and gnotobiotic tools, integrated with CRISPR-mediated interrogation of gene function, microbial culturomics, and in-vivo metabolic analysis in newly generated mouse models, in order to achieve a new level of molecular understanding of how WAT immune cells integrate environmental cues into their crosstalk with organismal metabolism, and to explore the microbial contributions to the molecular etiology of WAT inflammation in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Specifically, we aim to (a) decipher the global regulatory landscape and interaction networks of WAT hematopoietic cells at the single-cell level, (b) identify new mediators of WAT immune cell contributions to metabolic homeostasis, and (c) decode how host-microbiome communication shapes the development of WAT inflammation and obesity. Unraveling the principles of WAT immune cell regulation and their amenability to change by host-microbiota interactions may lead to a conceptual leap forward in our understanding of metabolic physiology and disease. Concomitantly, it may generate a platform for microbiome-based personalized therapy against obesity and its complications.
Obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities have given rise to a rapidly expanding 'metabolic syndrome' pandemic affecting hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. The integrative genetic and environmental causes of the obesity pandemic remain elusive. White adipose tissue (WAT)-resident immune cells have recently been highlighted as important factors contributing to metabolic complications. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory circuits governing their function and the cell type-specific mechanisms by which they contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome is lacking. Likewise, the gut microbiome has been suggested as a critical regulator of obesity, but the bacterial species and metabolites that influence WAT inflammation are entirely unknown. We propose to use our recently developed high-throughput genomic and gnotobiotic tools, integrated with CRISPR-mediated interrogation of gene function, microbial culturomics, and in-vivo metabolic analysis in newly generated mouse models, in order to achieve a new level of molecular understanding of how WAT immune cells integrate environmental cues into their crosstalk with organismal metabolism, and to explore the microbial contributions to the molecular etiology of WAT inflammation in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. Specifically, we aim to (a) decipher the global regulatory landscape and interaction networks of WAT hematopoietic cells at the single-cell level, (b) identify new mediators of WAT immune cell contributions to metabolic homeostasis, and (c) decode how host-microbiome communication shapes the development of WAT inflammation and obesity. Unraveling the principles of WAT immune cell regulation and their amenability to change by host-microbiota interactions may lead to a conceptual leap forward in our understanding of metabolic physiology and disease. Concomitantly, it may generate a platform for microbiome-based personalized therapy against obesity and its complications.
Project acronym Agglomerates
Project Infinite Protein Self-Assembly in Health and Disease
Researcher (PI) Emmanuel Doram LEVY
Summary Understanding how proteins respond to mutations is of paramount importance to biology and disease. While protein stability and misfolding have been instrumental in rationalizing the impact of mutations, we recently discovered that an alternative route is also frequent, where mutations at the surface of symmetric proteins trigger novel self-interactions that lead to infinite self-assembly. This mechanism can be involved in disease, as in sickle-cell anemia, but may also serve in adaptation. Importantly, it differs fundamentally from aggregation, because misfolding does not drive it. Thus, we term it "agglomeration". The ease with which agglomeration can occur, even by single point mutations, shifts the paradigm of how quickly new protein assemblies can emerge, both in health and disease. This prompts us to determine the basic principles of protein agglomeration and explore its implications in cell physiology and human disease. We propose an interdisciplinary research program bridging atomic and cellular scales to explore agglomeration in three aims: (i) Map the landscape of protein agglomeration in response to mutation in endogenous yeast proteins; (ii) Characterize how yeast physiology impacts agglomeration by changes in gene expression or cell state, and, conversely, how protein agglomerates impact yeast fitness. (iii) Analyze agglomeration in relation to human disease via two approaches. First, by predicting single nucleotide polymorphisms that trigger agglomeration, prioritizing them using knowledge from Aims 1 & 2, and characterizing them experimentally. Second, by providing a proof-of-concept that agglomeration can be exploited in drug design, whereby drugs induce its formation, like mutations can do. Overall, through this research, we aim to establish agglomeration as a paradigm for protein assembly, with implications for our understanding of evolution, physiology, and disease.
Understanding how proteins respond to mutations is of paramount importance to biology and disease. While protein stability and misfolding have been instrumental in rationalizing the impact of mutations, we recently discovered that an alternative route is also frequent, where mutations at the surface of symmetric proteins trigger novel self-interactions that lead to infinite self-assembly. This mechanism can be involved in disease, as in sickle-cell anemia, but may also serve in adaptation. Importantly, it differs fundamentally from aggregation, because misfolding does not drive it. Thus, we term it "agglomeration". The ease with which agglomeration can occur, even by single point mutations, shifts the paradigm of how quickly new protein assemblies can emerge, both in health and disease. This prompts us to determine the basic principles of protein agglomeration and explore its implications in cell physiology and human disease. We propose an interdisciplinary research program bridging atomic and cellular scales to explore agglomeration in three aims: (i) Map the landscape of protein agglomeration in response to mutation in endogenous yeast proteins; (ii) Characterize how yeast physiology impacts agglomeration by changes in gene expression or cell state, and, conversely, how protein agglomerates impact yeast fitness. (iii) Analyze agglomeration in relation to human disease via two approaches. First, by predicting single nucleotide polymorphisms that trigger agglomeration, prioritizing them using knowledge from Aims 1 & 2, and characterizing them experimentally. Second, by providing a proof-of-concept that agglomeration can be exploited in drug design, whereby drugs induce its formation, like mutations can do. Overall, through this research, we aim to establish agglomeration as a paradigm for protein assembly, with implications for our understanding of evolution, physiology, and disease.
Project acronym AutoCAb
Project Automated computational design of site-targeted repertoires of camelid antibodies
Researcher (PI) Sarel-Jacob FLEISHMAN
Summary We propose to develop the first high-throughput strategy to design, synthesize, and screen repertoires comprising millions of single-domain camelid antibodies (VHH) that target desired protein surfaces. Each VHH will be individually designed for high stability and target-site affinity. We will leverage recent methods developed by our lab for designing stable, specific, and accurate backbones at interfaces, the advent of massive and affordable custom-DNA oligo synthesis, and machine learning methods to accomplish the following aims: Aim 1: Establish a completely automated computational pipeline that uses Rosetta to design millions of VHHs targeting desired protein surfaces. The variable regions in each design will be encoded in DNA oligo pools, which will be assembled to generate the entire site-targeted repertoire. We will then use high-throughput binding screens followed by deep sequencing to characterize the designs' target-site affinity and isolate high-affinity binders. Aim 2: Develop an epitope-focusing strategy that designs several variants of a target antigen, each of which encodes dozens of radical surface mutations outside the target site to disrupt potential off-target site binding. The designs will be used to isolate site-targeting binders from repertoires of Aim 1. Each high-throughput screen will provide unprecedented experimental data on target-site affinity in millions of individually designed VHHs. Aim 3: Use machine learning methods to infer combinations of molecular features that distinguish high-affinity binders from non binders. These will be encoded in subsequent designed repertoires, leading to a continuous "learning loop" of methods for high-affinity, site-targeted binding. AutoCAb's interdisciplinary strategy will thus lead to deeper understanding of and new general methods for designing stable, high-affinity, site-targeted antibodies, potentially revolutionizing binder and inhibitor discovery in basic and applied biomedical research.
We propose to develop the first high-throughput strategy to design, synthesize, and screen repertoires comprising millions of single-domain camelid antibodies (VHH) that target desired protein surfaces. Each VHH will be individually designed for high stability and target-site affinity. We will leverage recent methods developed by our lab for designing stable, specific, and accurate backbones at interfaces, the advent of massive and affordable custom-DNA oligo synthesis, and machine learning methods to accomplish the following aims: Aim 1: Establish a completely automated computational pipeline that uses Rosetta to design millions of VHHs targeting desired protein surfaces. The variable regions in each design will be encoded in DNA oligo pools, which will be assembled to generate the entire site-targeted repertoire. We will then use high-throughput binding screens followed by deep sequencing to characterize the designs' target-site affinity and isolate high-affinity binders. Aim 2: Develop an epitope-focusing strategy that designs several variants of a target antigen, each of which encodes dozens of radical surface mutations outside the target site to disrupt potential off-target site binding. The designs will be used to isolate site-targeting binders from repertoires of Aim 1. Each high-throughput screen will provide unprecedented experimental data on target-site affinity in millions of individually designed VHHs. Aim 3: Use machine learning methods to infer combinations of molecular features that distinguish high-affinity binders from non binders. These will be encoded in subsequent designed repertoires, leading to a continuous "learning loop" of methods for high-affinity, site-targeted binding. AutoCAb's interdisciplinary strategy will thus lead to deeper understanding of and new general methods for designing stable, high-affinity, site-targeted antibodies, potentially revolutionizing binder and inhibitor discovery in basic and applied biomedical research.
Project acronym CoPathoPhage
Project Pathogen-phage cooperation during mammalian infection
Researcher (PI) Anat Herskovits
Summary Most bacterial pathogens are lysogens, namely carry DNA of active phages within their genome, referred to as prophages. While these prophages have the potential to turn under stress into infective viruses which kill their host bacterium in a matter of minutes, it is unclear how pathogens manage to survive this internal threat under the stresses imposed by their invasion into mammalian cells. In the proposed project, we will study the hypothesis that a complex bacteria-phage cooperative adaptation supports virulence during mammalian infection while preventing inadvertent killing by phages. Several years ago, we uncovered a novel pathogen-phage interaction, in which an infective prophage promotes the virulence of its host, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), via adaptive behaviour. More recently, we discovered that the prophage, though fully infective, is non-autonomous- completely dependent on regulatory factors derived from inactive prophage remnants that reside in the Lm chromosome. These findings lead us to propose that the intimate cross-regulatory interactions between all phage elements within the genome (infective and remnant), are crucial in promoting bacteria-phage patho-adaptive behaviours in the mammalian niche and thereby bacterial virulence. In the proposed project, we will investigate specific cross-regulatory and cooperative mechanisms of all the phage elements, study the domestication of phage remnant-derived regulatory factors, and examine the hypothesis that they collectively form an auxiliary phage-control system that tempers infective phages. Finally, we will examine the premise that the mammalian niche drives the evolution of temperate phages into patho-adaptive phages, and that phages that lack this adaptation may kill host pathogens during infection. This work is expected to provide novel insights into bacteria-phage coexistence in mammalian environments and to facilitate the development of innovative phage therapy strategies.
Most bacterial pathogens are lysogens, namely carry DNA of active phages within their genome, referred to as prophages. While these prophages have the potential to turn under stress into infective viruses which kill their host bacterium in a matter of minutes, it is unclear how pathogens manage to survive this internal threat under the stresses imposed by their invasion into mammalian cells. In the proposed project, we will study the hypothesis that a complex bacteria-phage cooperative adaptation supports virulence during mammalian infection while preventing inadvertent killing by phages. Several years ago, we uncovered a novel pathogen-phage interaction, in which an infective prophage promotes the virulence of its host, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), via adaptive behaviour. More recently, we discovered that the prophage, though fully infective, is non-autonomous- completely dependent on regulatory factors derived from inactive prophage remnants that reside in the Lm chromosome. These findings lead us to propose that the intimate cross-regulatory interactions between all phage elements within the genome (infective and remnant), are crucial in promoting bacteria-phage patho-adaptive behaviours in the mammalian niche and thereby bacterial virulence. In the proposed project, we will investigate specific cross-regulatory and cooperative mechanisms of all the phage elements, study the domestication of phage remnant-derived regulatory factors, and examine the hypothesis that they collectively form an auxiliary phage-control system that tempers infective phages. Finally, we will examine the premise that the mammalian niche drives the evolution of temperate phages into patho-adaptive phages, and that phages that lack this adaptation may kill host pathogens during infection. This work is expected to provide novel insights into bacteria-phage coexistence in mammalian environments and to facilitate the development of innovative phage therapy strategies.
Project acronym CRISPRsition
Project Developing CRISPR adaptation platforms for basic and applied research
Researcher (PI) Ehud Itzhak Qimron
Summary The CRISPR-Cas system has been extensively studied for its ability to cleave DNA. In contrast, studies of the ability of the system to acquire and integrate new DNA from invaders as a form of prokaryotic adaptive immunity, have lagged behind. This delay reflects the extreme enthusiasm surrounding the potential of using the system's cleavage capabilities as a genome editing tool. However, the enormous potential of the adaptation process can and should arouse a similar degree of enthusiasm. My lab has pioneered studies on the CRISPR adaptation process by establishing new methodologies, and applying them to demonstrate the essential role of the proteins and DNA elements, as well as the molecular mechanisms, operating in this process. In this project, I will establish novel platforms for studying adaptation and develop them into biotechnological applications and research tools. These tools will allow me to identify the first natural and synthetic inhibitors of the adaptation process. This, in turn, will provide genetic tools to control adaptation, as well as advance the understanding of the arms race between bacteria and their invaders. I will also harness the adaptation process as a platform for diversifying genetic elements for phage display, and for extending phage recognition of a wide range of hosts. Lastly, I will provide the first evidence for an association between the CRISPR adaptation system and gene repression. This linkage will form the basis of a molecular scanner and recorder platform that I will develop and that can be used to identify crucial genetic elements in phage genomes as well as novel regulatory circuits in the bacterial genome. Together, my findings will represent a considerable leap in the understanding of CRISPR adaptation with respect to the process, potential applications, and the intriguing evolutionary significance.
The CRISPR-Cas system has been extensively studied for its ability to cleave DNA. In contrast, studies of the ability of the system to acquire and integrate new DNA from invaders as a form of prokaryotic adaptive immunity, have lagged behind. This delay reflects the extreme enthusiasm surrounding the potential of using the system's cleavage capabilities as a genome editing tool. However, the enormous potential of the adaptation process can and should arouse a similar degree of enthusiasm. My lab has pioneered studies on the CRISPR adaptation process by establishing new methodologies, and applying them to demonstrate the essential role of the proteins and DNA elements, as well as the molecular mechanisms, operating in this process. In this project, I will establish novel platforms for studying adaptation and develop them into biotechnological applications and research tools. These tools will allow me to identify the first natural and synthetic inhibitors of the adaptation process. This, in turn, will provide genetic tools to control adaptation, as well as advance the understanding of the arms race between bacteria and their invaders. I will also harness the adaptation process as a platform for diversifying genetic elements for phage display, and for extending phage recognition of a wide range of hosts. Lastly, I will provide the first evidence for an association between the CRISPR adaptation system and gene repression. This linkage will form the basis of a molecular scanner and recorder platform that I will develop and that can be used to identify crucial genetic elements in phage genomes as well as novel regulatory circuits in the bacterial genome. Together, my findings will represent a considerable leap in the understanding of CRISPR adaptation with respect to the process, potential applications, and the intriguing evolutionary significance.
Project acronym DigitalValues
Project The Construction of Values in Digital Spheres
Researcher (PI) Limor Shifman
Summary In recent decades, social media has emerged as a central arena for the construction of values. Artifacts such as YouTube videos, Facebook posts, and tweets reflect and shape what people across the globe consider important, desirable, or reprehensible. Understanding this pervasive value ecology is key to deciphering the political, cultural, and social processes governing the twenty-first century. In this project, I will conduct the first comprehensive study of values in social media. I will explore the following over-arching questions: How are values constructed through social media? Which values are emphasized in these spheres? To what extent are social media platforms associated with the globalization of values? In addressing these fundamental issues, I will apply an entirely new approach for the conceptualization and study of values. Carried out comparatively in five languages, DigitalValues will explore the interaction between three facets of value construction: (a) explicit uses of the terms "value" and "values"; (b) the implicit construction of values in genres of user-generated content; and (c) users' interpretation and evaluation of values through both private meaning-making and public social practices of commenting, sharing, and liking. The project is theoretically, empirically, and methodologically groundbreaking in a number of ways: (1) it will be a pioneering large-scale study employing inductive methods to explore the construction of values through everyday cultural artifacts; (2) as a foundational study of values in social media, it will yield a novel theory of value construction as an intersection between individuals, technologies, and sociocultural contexts; (3) it will generate new methods for infering values from verbal texts, combining qualitative, quantitative, and automated analyses; (4) finally, it will yield a comprehensive map of values as expressed across languages and platforms, leading to a new understanding of the globalization of values.
In recent decades, social media has emerged as a central arena for the construction of values. Artifacts such as YouTube videos, Facebook posts, and tweets reflect and shape what people across the globe consider important, desirable, or reprehensible. Understanding this pervasive value ecology is key to deciphering the political, cultural, and social processes governing the twenty-first century. In this project, I will conduct the first comprehensive study of values in social media. I will explore the following over-arching questions: How are values constructed through social media? Which values are emphasized in these spheres? To what extent are social media platforms associated with the globalization of values? In addressing these fundamental issues, I will apply an entirely new approach for the conceptualization and study of values. Carried out comparatively in five languages, DigitalValues will explore the interaction between three facets of value construction: (a) explicit uses of the terms "value" and "values"; (b) the implicit construction of values in genres of user-generated content; and (c) users' interpretation and evaluation of values through both private meaning-making and public social practices of commenting, sharing, and liking. The project is theoretically, empirically, and methodologically groundbreaking in a number of ways: (1) it will be a pioneering large-scale study employing inductive methods to explore the construction of values through everyday cultural artifacts; (2) as a foundational study of values in social media, it will yield a novel theory of value construction as an intersection between individuals, technologies, and sociocultural contexts; (3) it will generate new methods for infering values from verbal texts, combining qualitative, quantitative, and automated analyses; (4) finally, it will yield a comprehensive map of values as expressed across languages and platforms, leading to a new understanding of the globalization of values.
Project acronym FTHPC
Project Fault Tolerant High Performance Computing
Researcher (PI) Oded Schwartz
Summary Supercomputers are strategically crucial for facilitating advances in science and technology: in climate change research, accelerated genome sequencing towards cancer treatments, cutting edge physics, devising engineering innovative solutions, and many other compute intensive problems. However, the future of super-computing depends on our ability to cope with the ever increasing rate of faults (bit flips and component failure), resulting from the steadily increasing machine size and decreasing operating voltage. Indeed, hardware trends predict at least two faults per minute for next generation (exascale) supercomputers. The challenge of ascertaining fault tolerance for high-performance computing is not new, and has been the focus of extensive research for over two decades. However, most solutions are either (i) general purpose, requiring little to no algorithmic effort, but severely degrading performance (e.g., checkpoint-restart), or (ii) tailored to specific applications and very efficient, but requiring high expertise and significantly increasing programmers' workload. We seek the best of both worlds: high performance and general purpose fault resilience. Efficient general purpose solutions (e.g., via error correcting codes) have revolutionized memory and communication devices over two decades ago, enabling programmers to effectively disregard the very likely memory and communication errors. The time has come for a similar paradigm shift in the computing regimen. I argue that exciting recent advances in error correcting codes, and in short probabilistically checkable proofs, make this goal feasible. Success along these lines will eliminate the bottleneck of required fault-tolerance expertise, and open exascale computing to all algorithm designers and programmers, for the benefit of the scientific, engineering, and industrial communities.
Supercomputers are strategically crucial for facilitating advances in science and technology: in climate change research, accelerated genome sequencing towards cancer treatments, cutting edge physics, devising engineering innovative solutions, and many other compute intensive problems. However, the future of super-computing depends on our ability to cope with the ever increasing rate of faults (bit flips and component failure), resulting from the steadily increasing machine size and decreasing operating voltage. Indeed, hardware trends predict at least two faults per minute for next generation (exascale) supercomputers. The challenge of ascertaining fault tolerance for high-performance computing is not new, and has been the focus of extensive research for over two decades. However, most solutions are either (i) general purpose, requiring little to no algorithmic effort, but severely degrading performance (e.g., checkpoint-restart), or (ii) tailored to specific applications and very efficient, but requiring high expertise and significantly increasing programmers' workload. We seek the best of both worlds: high performance and general purpose fault resilience. Efficient general purpose solutions (e.g., via error correcting codes) have revolutionized memory and communication devices over two decades ago, enabling programmers to effectively disregard the very likely memory and communication errors. The time has come for a similar paradigm shift in the computing regimen. I argue that exciting recent advances in error correcting codes, and in short probabilistically checkable proofs, make this goal feasible. Success along these lines will eliminate the bottleneck of required fault-tolerance expertise, and open exascale computing to all algorithm designers and programmers, for the benefit of the scientific, engineering, and industrial communities.
Project acronym HOLI
Project Deep Learning for Holistic Inference
Researcher (PI) Amir Globerson
Summary Machine learning has rapidly evolved in the last decade, significantly improving accuracy on tasks such as image classification. Much of this success can be attributed to the re-emergence of neural nets. However, learning algorithms are still far from achieving the capabilities of human cognition. In particular, humans can rapidly organize an input stream (e.g., textual or visual) into a set of entities, and understand the complex relations between those. In this project I aim to create a general methodology for semantic interpretation of input streams. Such problems fall under the structured-prediction framework, to which I have made numerous contributions. The proposal identifies and addresses three key components required for a comprehensive and empirically effective approach to the problem. First, we consider the holistic nature of semantic interpretations, where a top-down process chooses a coherent interpretation among the vast number of options. We argue that deep-learning architectures are ideally suited for modeling such coherence scores, and propose to develop the corresponding theory and algorithms. Second, we address the complexity of the semantic representation, where a stream is mapped into a variable number of entities, each having multiple attributes and relations to other entities. We characterize the properties a model should satisfy in order to produce such interpretations, and propose novel models that achieve this. Third, we develop a theory for understanding when such models can be learned efficiently, and how well they can generalize. To achieve this, we address key questions of non-convex optimization, inductive bias and generalization. We expect these contributions to have a dramatic impact on AI systems, from machine reading of text to image analysis. More broadly, they will help bridge the gap between machine learning as an engineering field, and the study of human cognition.
Machine learning has rapidly evolved in the last decade, significantly improving accuracy on tasks such as image classification. Much of this success can be attributed to the re-emergence of neural nets. However, learning algorithms are still far from achieving the capabilities of human cognition. In particular, humans can rapidly organize an input stream (e.g., textual or visual) into a set of entities, and understand the complex relations between those. In this project I aim to create a general methodology for semantic interpretation of input streams. Such problems fall under the structured-prediction framework, to which I have made numerous contributions. The proposal identifies and addresses three key components required for a comprehensive and empirically effective approach to the problem. First, we consider the holistic nature of semantic interpretations, where a top-down process chooses a coherent interpretation among the vast number of options. We argue that deep-learning architectures are ideally suited for modeling such coherence scores, and propose to develop the corresponding theory and algorithms. Second, we address the complexity of the semantic representation, where a stream is mapped into a variable number of entities, each having multiple attributes and relations to other entities. We characterize the properties a model should satisfy in order to produce such interpretations, and propose novel models that achieve this. Third, we develop a theory for understanding when such models can be learned efficiently, and how well they can generalize. To achieve this, we address key questions of non-convex optimization, inductive bias and generalization. We expect these contributions to have a dramatic impact on AI systems, from machine reading of text to image analysis. More broadly, they will help bridge the gap between machine learning as an engineering field, and the study of human cognition.
Project acronym HQMAT
Project New Horizons in Quantum Matter: From Critical Fluids to High Temperature Superconductivity
Researcher (PI) Erez BERG
Summary Understanding the low-temperature behavior of quantum correlated materials has long been one of the central challenges in condensed matter physics. Such materials exhibit a number of interesting phenomena, such as anomalous transport behavior, complex phase diagrams, and high-temperature superconductivity. However, their understanding has been hindered by the lack of suitable theoretical tools to handle such strongly interacting quantum ``liquids.'' Recent years have witnessed a wave of renewed interest in this long-standing, deep problem, both from condensed matter, high energy, and quantum information physicists. The goal of this research program is to exploit the recent progress on these problems to open new ways of understanding strongly-coupled unconventional quantum fluids. We will perform large-scale, sign problem-free QMC simulations of metals close to quantum critical points, focusing on new regimes beyond the traditional paradigms. New ways to diagnose transport from QMC data will be developed. Exotic phase transitions between an ordinary and a topologically-ordered, fractionalized metal will be studied. In addition, insights will be gained from analytical studies of strongly coupled lattice models, starting from the tractable limit of a large number of degrees of freedom per unit cell. The thermodynamic and transport properties of these models will be studied. These solvable examples will be used to provide a new window into the properties of strongly coupled quantum matter. We will seek ``organizing principles'' to describe such matter, such as emergent local quantum critical behavior and a hydrodynamic description of electron flow. Connections will be made with the ideas of universal bounds on transport and on the rate of spread of quantum information, as well as with insights from other techniques. While our study will mostly focus on generic, universal features of quantum fluids, implications for specific materials will also be studied.
Understanding the low-temperature behavior of quantum correlated materials has long been one of the central challenges in condensed matter physics. Such materials exhibit a number of interesting phenomena, such as anomalous transport behavior, complex phase diagrams, and high-temperature superconductivity. However, their understanding has been hindered by the lack of suitable theoretical tools to handle such strongly interacting quantum ``liquids.'' Recent years have witnessed a wave of renewed interest in this long-standing, deep problem, both from condensed matter, high energy, and quantum information physicists. The goal of this research program is to exploit the recent progress on these problems to open new ways of understanding strongly-coupled unconventional quantum fluids. We will perform large-scale, sign problem-free QMC simulations of metals close to quantum critical points, focusing on new regimes beyond the traditional paradigms. New ways to diagnose transport from QMC data will be developed. Exotic phase transitions between an ordinary and a topologically-ordered, fractionalized metal will be studied. In addition, insights will be gained from analytical studies of strongly coupled lattice models, starting from the tractable limit of a large number of degrees of freedom per unit cell. The thermodynamic and transport properties of these models will be studied. These solvable examples will be used to provide a new window into the properties of strongly coupled quantum matter. We will seek ``organizing principles'' to describe such matter, such as emergent local quantum critical behavior and a hydrodynamic description of electron flow. Connections will be made with the ideas of universal bounds on transport and on the rate of spread of quantum information, as well as with insights from other techniques. While our study will mostly focus on generic, universal features of quantum fluids, implications for specific materials will also be studied.
Project acronym HydraMechanics
Project Mechanical Aspects of Hydra Morphogenesis
Researcher (PI) Kinneret Magda KEREN
Summary Morphogenesis is one of the most remarkable examples of biological pattern formation. Despite substantial progress in the field, we still do not understand the organizational principles responsible for the robust convergence of the morphogenesis process, across scales, to form viable organisms under variable conditions. We focus here on the less-studied mechanical aspects of this problem, and aim to uncover how mechanical forces and feedback contribute to the formation and stabilization of the body plan. Regenerating Hydra offer a powerful platform to explore this direction, thanks to their simple body plan, extraordinary regeneration capabilities, and the accessibility and flexibility of their tissues. We propose to follow the regeneration of excised tissue segments, which inherit an aligned supra-cellular cytoskeletal organization from the parent Hydra, as well as cell aggregates, which lack any prior organization. We will employ advanced microscopy techniques and develop elaborate image analysis tools to track cytoskeletal organization and collective cell migration and correlate them with global tissue morphology, from the onset of regeneration all the way to the formation of complete animals. Furthermore, to directly probe the influence of mechanics on Hydra morphogenesis, we propose to apply various mechanical perturbations, and intervene with the axis formation process using external forces and mechanical constraints. Overall, the proposed work seeks to develop an effective phenomenological description of morphogenesis during Hydra regeneration, at the level of cells and tissues, and reveal the mechanical basis of this process. More generally, our research will shed light on the role of mechanics in animal morphogenesis, and inspire new approaches for using external forces to direct tissue engineering and advance regenerative medicine.
Morphogenesis is one of the most remarkable examples of biological pattern formation. Despite substantial progress in the field, we still do not understand the organizational principles responsible for the robust convergence of the morphogenesis process, across scales, to form viable organisms under variable conditions. We focus here on the less-studied mechanical aspects of this problem, and aim to uncover how mechanical forces and feedback contribute to the formation and stabilization of the body plan. Regenerating Hydra offer a powerful platform to explore this direction, thanks to their simple body plan, extraordinary regeneration capabilities, and the accessibility and flexibility of their tissues. We propose to follow the regeneration of excised tissue segments, which inherit an aligned supra-cellular cytoskeletal organization from the parent Hydra, as well as cell aggregates, which lack any prior organization. We will employ advanced microscopy techniques and develop elaborate image analysis tools to track cytoskeletal organization and collective cell migration and correlate them with global tissue morphology, from the onset of regeneration all the way to the formation of complete animals. Furthermore, to directly probe the influence of mechanics on Hydra morphogenesis, we propose to apply various mechanical perturbations, and intervene with the axis formation process using external forces and mechanical constraints. Overall, the proposed work seeks to develop an effective phenomenological description of morphogenesis during Hydra regeneration, at the level of cells and tissues, and reveal the mechanical basis of this process. More generally, our research will shed light on the role of mechanics in animal morphogenesis, and inspire new approaches for using external forces to direct tissue engineering and advance regenerative medicine.