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29 MARCH — 'BREXIT DAY'. OH HANG ON.
Mar 29, 2019·18 min read
Today is the day we were supposed to be leaving the EU. The exact time we were supposed to be leaving would have been 11 pm. It is actually written into our law that we would be leaving yet somehow our Remain PM and Remain MPs who actually voted it into our law have managed to make it possible that we are not leaving the EU today.
How this is possible is anyone's guess? Think of it this way, If I commit murder the law says if I am caught and I face my peers in a court of law I serve a life sentence if they find me guilty because that is what the law of our land says must happen. Perhaps now seeing as no one has taken any notice of the law that says we must leave on the 29 March 2019 everyone can commit a crime and no one will be punished. Of course, there would be an outcry if that happened from not just the people of the land but also Parliament. Yet throughout the land Remain, supporters, will be jubilant as well as the same Remain MPs who passed the law that says we should leave on this date.
It is what can be only be described as a clusterfuck of epic proportions. We will be leaving the EU in the coming short months but not today.
The Brexit that we have all been forced to wait two years and nine months for has been postponed until 12 April. The party-poopers from the Remainer Establishment have conspired through means foul and fouler to deny us our celebration of a free and independent United Kingdom once again.
Instead, we will be treated to yet another day of 'People's Entertainment' courtesy of the humourless jesters of Westminster, led by Head Clown John Bercow. The breathtakingly-incompetent faux-Conservative MP who currently occupies №10 Downing Street in the capacity of Prime Minister has managed to time her latest roll of the dice for the day when we should all have been rolling double sixes: Brexit Day, 29 March 2019.
Today in Parliament, MPs will once again trot out their species and lazy arguments which cover for their inability to accept the express mandate of the British people — and take us out of the European Union.
The Government is re-presenting its constitutional abomination of a surrender treaty to the House of Commons, this time without its window-dressing of a vague plan for a future relationship. Given that the latter has no binding in law and is, in any case, the very definition of vagueness and fuzzy words, it's hard to see what possible purpose there is in this charade.
We refuse to participate in this nonsense. Instead, I would urge all readers to "Ignore the Charade and Join the Parade!" This is still our day — the Real People's Day.
Let the MPs chunter on with their absurdities in Parliament. Many of them will be voted out at the next election anyway, that will be a day that we can celebrate as well perhaps with a street party or even a bonfire night where we burn a Guy made in the shape of treacherous Remain MPs who kneel and pay homage to their god the EU and have paid the price for that treachery
Let's be upbeat and optimistic. Brexiteers are like that, we've noticed, compared to the harbingers of doom and death from the Remain side. Brexiteers have a sense of humour. Brexiteers are witty on social media. Brexiteers are well-informed. We look out towards a global future for our country with cheery smiles on our faces.
Today on the Real People's Brexit Day, we raise a toast to all who have been with us on this journey, and to this great country of ours. We'll get there.
Which brings me to a side note that says everything about Remainers
I was watching the news last night when up popped a lady who was a Remain and what she said epitomised every single Remainer.
She said and I quote. I can't see why we are leaving the EU, we are a small country who won't be able to survive on our own and without the EU.
I sat there gobsmacked speechless for a moment because she was talking of a small island who became the richest country in the world with an Empire the largest the world has ever seen where the sun never set.
Now Empires have long gone out of fashion yet we are still the 5th richest country in the world despite us being in the EU.
We gave the world all this below
The 50 greatest British inventions
We're a nation of inventors, from the worldwide web to the electric vacuum cleaner — here's a rundown of our most influential innovation.
Invented: 1892
Inventor: Sir James Dewar
This humble invention was the brainchild of Sir James Dewar, an eminent professor of chemistry at Cambridge and leading light of the Royal Institution. Dewar didn't invent it to keep tea hot on picnics (that was a happy by-product), but to help his experiments on cooling gases, like air and oxygen, to such low temperatures that they would liquefy.
Inventor: Edwin Beard Budding
What could be more quintessentially British than a perfectly mown lawn in summer? Until Budding developed his first 19in mower in 1827 this was the preserve of the very rich. As the lawnmower's popularity spread and made lawns more affordable, sports that were played on grass, such as cricket, rugby and football, were given an important boost.
Inventor: Alastair Pilkington
When we think of inventions, it's machines and gadgets that usually come to mind. But what about the processes needed to create the materials our modern world is made of? Almost all the glass we use today is made using Pilkington's "float" process, which made it far easier and cheaper to make high-quality glass.
Inventor: Joseph Swan
Cheap and reliable electric lighting was a holy grail for 19th-century inventors. But didn't Thomas Edison get there first? No! He was beaten by to it by Britain's very own Joseph Swan. Swan got his patent — and started manufacturing and selling his bulbs — in 1880. The first bulbs lasted little more than 12 hours but, unlike gas lamps, there was no flame or dirty smoke and they soon caught on.
Inventor: JS Fry & Sons
The first chocolate bar was created by JS Fry & Sons of Bristol in 1847. It was sold to the public as chocolate delicieux a manger — delicious to eat — because, until this point, chocolate had been exclusively consumed as a drink. Fry's mixed cocoa powder with sugar and cocoa butter, making a product which stays solid at room temperature but melts in the mouth…
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
Inventors: Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke
The electric telegraph was a world-shrinking technology like no other. The first fully operational telegraph ran from 1839 between Paddington and West Drayton railway stations, but at first, it was slow to catch on. That is, until New Year's Day 1845 when the telegraph system helped catch murderer John Tawell. It was a sensation and telegraph cables were soon everywhere.
PNEUMATIC TYRE
Inventor: John Boyd Dunlop
In 1845, railway engineer Robert William Thomson patented the world's first pneumatic tyres but there was no real market for them. Forty years later, Dunlop came up with pneumatic tyres to stop his son getting headaches from riding his bumpy tricycle. This time around, the invention handily coincided with the new bicycle craze.
MODERN FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Inventor: George William Manby
The first modern extinguisher, the Extincteur, was invented after Manby saw firemen struggling to put out a blaze on the top floors of a house fire in Edinburgh. His solution was a portable copper cask containing three to four gallons of potassium carbonate, which dispersed by compressed air via a stopcock.
Inventor: Percy Shaw
Percy Shaw was a Yorkshire road contractor who devised the Catseye in 1933. He liked to claim that inspiration struck when he was driving home from the pub on a foggy night and saw the reflection of his headlights in the eyes of a cat, sitting by the road. Shaw's Catseye was voted the greatest invention of the 20th century.
Inventors: Royal Aircraft Establishment Engineers
This marvelous material is one of many inventions developed by the military that are incredibly useful. Today carbon fibre has thousands of applications in boats, cars, motorbikes, sports equipment, and even in the fuselages of jumbo jets.
STEAM ENGINE (nominated by Michael Mosley)
Inventor: Richard Trevithick
Trevithick's invention would become the father of the steam train and the father of portable steam power. On Christmas Eve 1801 he tested a steam car, known as the Puffing Devil, which successfully climbed the Camborne Hill in Cornwall. Trevithick became the first person to power a piston using high-pressure steam — and in doing so he transformed the world.
Inventor: Tim Berners-Lee
Not to be confused with the internet, which is a system of linked computer networks, the world wide web was invented by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee (left). He created the first server in late 1990 and, on 6 August 1991, the web went live, with the first page explaining how to search and how to set up a site. Berners-Lee gave his invention to the world for free.
Inventor: Joseph Priestley
18th century clergyman and scientist Priestley invented carbonated water when he suspended a bowl of water above a beer vat at a brewery near his home in Leeds. In 1772 he published a description of how to make carbonated water and just a few years later Johann Schweppe set up Schweppes and began manufacturing fizzy drinks using Priestley's method.
HYPODERMIC SYRINGE
Inventor: Alexander Wood
While the syringe itself has been known since ancient times, Wood's innovation was to design a syringe that would allow drugs to be administered intravenously without the patients skin having to be cut first. It is said he found inspiration in the sting of a honeybee. The hypodermic syringe was a breakthrough in anesthetics.
REFLECTING TELESCOPE
Inventor: Isaac Newton
As a fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, Sir Isaac Newton took the idea of a reflecting telescope and turned it into reality. This huge leap forward in telescope technology made astronomical observation much more accurate.
Patented: 1876
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell (right) patented his telephone model just hours before a rival inventor. The telephone came about thanks to a discovery that a thin metal sheet vibrating in an electromagnetic field produces an electrical waveform that corresponds to the vibration. The invention was first publically demonstrated in 1876 at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia.
COLLAPSIBLE BABY BUGGY
Inventor: Owen Maclaren
Maclaren, the man who during WW2 helped design the Spitfire's folding undercarriage, solved the pram problem after seeing his daughter struggle with an unwieldy pushchair. Today, a modern version of his light-weight, foldable buggy is sold in more than 50 countries.
STEAM TURBINE
Inventor: Charles Parsons
After the invention of the electrical motor — which transforms rotation into electrical power — the next step was to find a device to drive it. Piston engines vibrated too violently, so the steam turbine was the answer. Three quarters of the world's power stations still use steam — and whether steam-powered or not, every station uses the theory behind Parsons' innovation.
MARINE CHRONOMETER
Inventor: John Harrison
Accurate navigation at sea has always been critically important but, until the invention of the marine chronometer, it was extremely difficult, if not impossible. In 1714 the British government announced a £20,000 prize — worth almost £3m today — for anyone who could solve the problem. John Harrison devoted his life to the task and finally got his reward in 1773.
Inventor: John Logie Baird
It's hard to credit just one person with the invention of television, but it's indisputable that John Logie Baird was the first to transmit moving pictures in October 1925. But his mechanical system ultimately failed — with a rival being developed at the same time able to produce a visibly superior picture. Baird, it was said at the time, was "doomed to be the man who sows the seed but does not reap the harvest".
SYNTHETIC DYE
Inventor: William Perkin
William Perkin was studying Chemistry when he discovered how to make synthetic dye — mauveine. He was using alcohol to clean up some chemical residue when he suddenly saw an intense purple colour appear. At that time, purple dye was one of the priciest. Perkin worked out how to produce his new colour, patented it and set up a company to produce it.
Inventor: John Charnley
British surgeon John Charnley designed the first hip joint and, in 1962, performed the first successful hip-replacement operation. His design used a femoral stem and ball made of steel and a hip socket made of Teflon, glued together using acrylic bone cement. Many improvements have been made since but Charnley set the standard and today 80,000 hip replacements are performed in Britain each year.
PASSENGER RAILWAY (recommended by Dan Snow)
Inventor: George Stephenson
While working as a miner, George Stephenson established an aptitude as a mechanic and was allowed to build machines at his colliery. At the time, carts pulled by horses were used to take coal to the ship yards. Stephenson used steam engines to replace horse power and this lead to a series of world firsts — including the passenger railway.
MILITARY TANK
Inventor: Ernest Swinton
The idea of the "tank" was first thought up by Britain's official war correspondent, Ernest Swinton, who suggested the crawler tractors used to pull artillery on the Western Front could be used as offensive weapons with the capability to climb a five-foot obstacle, span a five-foot trench, resist small arms fire and travel at 4mph.
Invented: c. 1770
Inventor: William Addis
William Addis was a rag trader who was sent to prison in 1770. While there, he decided that the way people were brushing their teeth (rubbing soot and salt over them with a rag), could be improved. He saved a small animal bone from a meal, made a hole and tied some bristles through it. After his release, Addis set up a business to mass-produce toothbrushes. His company, Wisdom Toothbrushes, still exists.
Inventor: Frederick Walton
When he noticed that a rubbery, flexible skin of solidified linseed oil had formed on a can of oil-based paint, it gave Frederick Walton an idea. He realized linseed oil could be made into a waterproof material and that if he applied the varnish to a backing, he could sell it as a ready-made floor — cue linoleum.
AUTOMATIC KETTLE
Inventor: Peter Hobbs
The automatic kettle — one that switches itself off when the water reaches boiling point — was the brainchild of Peter Hobbs, one of the two founders of appliance company Russell Hobbs. At its heart was a simple piece of technology: the bimetallic strip which bent as the water boiled, breaking a circuit and switching off the kettle.
MODERN TORPEDO
Inventor: Robert Whitehead
It was British engineer Richard Whitehead who first designed a torpedo launched from a ship in an underwater tube, powered by compressed air and with an internal mechanism that adjusted itself to stay at a constant depth. The first ship to be sunk by his invention was the Turkish steamer Intibah in 1878, after being hit by a torpedo launched from a Russian warship.
Inventor: George Cayley
One of the greatest inventors in the field of aviation was Yorkshireman George Cayley. He was the first man to move away from the idea that a man-made flying machine must have wings that flapped like a bird's, and the first-ever sustained manned glider flight was made in a craft of his design at Brompton Dale in 1853.
Inventor: Frank Whittle
24-year-old RAF fighter pilot Frank Whittle first patented a new kind of aircraft — the turbojet — in 1930, but his new design was so radical that the military wouldn't fund it, nor would any manufacturers, until in 1937 he found a few private backers and in 1941 a 17-minute test flight took place at RAF Cranwell in Lincolnshire.
WIND-UP RADIO
Inventor: Trevor Baylis
In 1991, Trevor Baylis saw a television programme about Aids in Africa that said one way to stop its spread was for people to hear educational information on the radio. So Baylis desined one that needed no batteries, running off an internal generator powered by a mainspring wound by a hand crank. He was able to demonstrate it to Nelson Mandela and since then it's been distributed all over Africa.
Inventor: John Kemp Starley
The bicycle as we know it today was originally developed as the "safety bicycle", because other bikes at the time — including the penny-farthing — were extremely dangerous. The key to the new bicycle was the chain drive, which meant you could still go fast even though both wheels were the same size. For most people it was arguably the most liberating invention of all time.
Inventor: Joseph Aspdin
In 1824, Leeds bricklayer Joseph Aspdin invented and patented a method of making what he called Portland Cement — the type that's most widely used today. The process involved burning limestone, mixing it with clay and burning it again; the burning produced a much stronger cement than just mixing limestone and clay. Aspdin called it "Portland" as he claimed the set mortar resembled the best limestone quarried from Portland in Dorset.
TENSION-SPOKED WHEEL
George Caley wanted wheeled landing gear for the glider's he'd already invented but wheels with solid or wooden spokes were too heavy. His innovation was to shift the balance of forces in the wheel from compression to tension — an extraordinary breakthrough that really took off much later when tension-spoked wheels using wire spokes were adopted for bicycle wheels.
Inventor: Jethro Tull
Pulled by a horse, Oxfordshire farmer Jethro Tull's seed drill dug a straight groove into the soil at the right depth and dropped into it seeds that were regularly spaced. It made planting crops more efficient by avoiding wastage and helped both population and life expectancy into a steady upward climb for the first time in history.
Inventor: Harry Brearley
In 1912 steelworker and researcher Harry Brearley was tasked by a small-arms manufacturer to find a material that could prolong the life of their gun barrels. He found corrosion-resistant steel instead. The story goes that he threw out some experimental steel and a few weeks later found it in the yard still shiny as new. Stainless steel is now used in everything from surgical instruments and turbine blades to cutlery and architectural cladding.
SPINNING FRAME
Inventor: Richard Arkwright
Richard Arkwright's spinning frame — more than James Hargreaves's better-known spinning jenny — was the cornerstone invention of the industrial revolution in textiles. By spinning thread that had a tighter weave and was therefore considerably stronger, it transformed northern England and lay behind Britain being named the "workshop of the world".
BESSEMER PROCESS
Inventor: Henry Bessemer
Sheffield steelmaker Henry Bessemer didn't invent steel production but his method for simplifying it and greatly reducing the costs ranks as one of the most important breakthroughs of the industrial era. He developed a process of extracting carbon from pig iron effectively, to create a hotter and purer product that was easier to convert to steel — saving manufacturers both time and fuel.
Inventer: Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was working at the Royal Institution when he demonstrated electromagnetic rotation for the first time. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury that had a fixed magnet in it. When an electric current was passed through the wire, it rotated around the magnet — the electricity produced a magnetic field around the wire, which interacted with the magnet in the mercury. This was the world's first electric motor.
Inventor: William Henry Fox Talbot
It's hard to say who was the inventor of photography — the first fixed image was made by Joseph Niépce in 1826 but took eight hours to expose. In 1835, Fox Talbot (right) made another breakthrough by using silver iodide on paper and found a way to produce a translucent negative that could be used to make any number of positives by contact printing — a system used until the advent of digital cameras.
Inventor: Joseph Bramah
Locksmith Joseph Bramah made famously unpickable locks and was also a keen inventor. Of all his developments, the one that has had the most impact was the hydraulic press — two piston cylinders with different cross-sectional areas, connected with a tube and filled with fluid so moving one piston causes the other to move, too. Today it's still one of the most useful and widespread machine tools.
SEWAGE SYSTEM (recommended by Dick and Dom)
Inventor: Joseph Bazalgette
The creator of the London sewers, Joseph Bazalgette, may be remembered as more of an engineer than an inventor, but developing the largest sewage system the world had ever seen in London changed life in the city completely. The previous system — an open sewer — tipped waste into the Thames but this new invention pumped it eastwards out to sea. Bazalgette estimated the population increase of the next 100 years so the system is still in use today.
ELECTRONIC PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER
Inventor: Tommy Flowers
Built and designed by brilliant Post Office engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus arrived at Bletchley Park to crack the German Lorenz cipher, which was even more complex than Enigma. Constructed using 1,500 vacuum tubes, the Colossus was the first truly electronic, digital and programmable computer. Sadly for Flowers, the technology was reserved for military intelligence and remained top secret — with every Colossus machine dismantled after the war.
Inventor: Christopher Cockerell
Cockerell wanted to work out how to make the boats go faster, and was captivated by the idea of lifting them out of the water altogether. His breakthrough came when he blasted air down a narrow channel around the outside of the craft that trapped high-pressure air underneath and stopped it escaping, forming a "momentum curtain. Producing four times the lift for the same amount of power, the first hovercraft crossed the channel on 1 June 1959.
Inventor: Peter Durand
It was Frenchman Nicholas Appert who first preserved food by packing it into glass jars and cooking it for hours to sterilise it but British merchant Peter Durand adopted the same method with the tin can. Initially a hammer and chisel were required to open the cans as the tin opener wasn't patented until 1855!
STERI-SPRAY (recommended by Deborah Meaden)
Inventor: Ian Helmore
Plumber Ian Helmore sterilized water tanks to prevent lagionella breeding in them. Bacteria can live in the last two inches of pipework so he decided that putting a UV lamp into a tap or showerhead would deal with the problem. It's now out there in NHS hospitals, hopefully saving lives.
WATERPROOF MATERIAL
Inventor: Charles Macintosh
Charles Macintosh, an amateur chemist, was experimenting with coal-tar napthan, a chemical waste product, and realized that it could make a solution from rubber. He coated a thin fabric with the sticky solution and sandwiched it between two layers of fabric to make waterproof material. His family started selling the coats as the "Macintosh".
Inventor: John Shepherd-Barron
John Shepherd-Barron first hit on the idea of a cash dispenser in the bath and secured a meeting with Barclays who signed up, installing the first ATM outside their Enfield branch in 1967. It gave out a maximum of £10 after customers inserted special cheques that the machine could recognise alongside a four-digit PIN number that's still in use today.
ELECTRIC VACUUM CLEANER
Inventor: Hubert Cecil Booth
Hubert Cecil Booth was watching a railway carriage being cleaned by a machine that blew the dust away when he had the idea for a machine that sucked the dust up instead. To test his theory, he placed a handkerchief on a chair and sucked through it, finding that dust collected on either side. He set up a cleaning service using hoses from vans on the street going through the windows of buildings.
Inventor: Frederick William Lanchester
Disc brakes employ brake pads that squeeze each side of the rotor turning a wheel. They were quicker to cool down and to dry out than the drum brakes used in most cars at the time. Sadly, they didn't catch on until the 1950s, after Lanchester's death — but nowadays almost all cars use his invention.
These are just some of the inventions that we British on this small island that this Remain woman says we cannot manage to thrive without the help of the EU.
There is so much more that we British gave to the world that I would actually argue that we got hold of the entire world by the scruff of its neck and dragged it kicking and screaming into the world we know now.
We are a nation of inventors, explorers, warriors, a nation where the Industrial Revolution began, to say we can't thrive on our own is slight on every British person living or dead.
However, we are talking about Remain who would rather Kowtow to an organisation of Fascists ( think of Guy Verhofstadt)
Nazi's ( think of Juncker) who was born into a Nazi family the Married into Nazi one
Think of Tusk whose Grandfather was a Nazi who although Polish joined the SS.
These are the people that Remain idolise who want to rule our nation.
I don't think so, I don't want my Grandchildren growing up in a world of these people. It's imperative that we leave the EU and in doing so sow the seed for it to implode.
Brexit's going to be great. Let's look at how the message is getting out there.
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Varun Saini & Ors. Vs. Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
[Writ Petition (Civil) No. 853 of 2014]
[Writ Petition(C) No. 854/2014]
Dipak Misra, J
Education is the spine of any civilised society. Formal education has its own significance, for it depends upon systemic imparting of learning regard being had to the syllabus prescribed for the course and further allowing space for cultivation by individual endeavour. The sacrosanctity of formal education gains more importance in the field of technical studies because theory, practical training and application in the field cumulatively operate to make a student an asset to the country and, in a way, enables him to achieve excellence as contemplated under Article 51A of the Constitution.
The natural corollary, in the ultimate eventuate, is the acceleration of the growth of the nation. But, a pregnant one, when an attitude of apathy or lackadaisical propensity or proclivity of procrastination of the statutory authorities creeps in as a consequence of which the time schedule meant for approval of the educational institutions and commencement of the courses is not adhered to, a feeling of devouring darkness seems to reign supreme as if "things fall apart".
There is a feeling of discomfiture - how to find out a solvation to the agonizing problem in exercise of the jurisdiction under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, for there are some compelling reasons to do so to protect the national interest as well as not to scuttle the aspirations of young students or to comatose their hopes stating that all cannot be well in the State of Denmark and there should not be a Sisyphean endeavour.
We are constrained to commence with such a prologue as the present batch of writ petitions pertains to counselling and admission in certain categories of courses which are approved and controlled from many a spectrum regard being had to the sustenance of standard in education by the All India Council for Technical Education (for brevity, "AICTE"), and also some categories of courses which are directly governed by the statutes and regulations of the University, namely, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (hereinafter referred to as "the University") in the backdrop of extension of time schedule fixed by this Court in respect of technical courses. The controversy involved in this batch of cases has a past, which requires to be exposited with requisite respect for chronology.
We have already indicated at the beginning that in all these cases, we are concerned with the adherence to schedule pertaining to approval by AICTE, counselling and admission by the authorities of the University. That being the centripodal issue, our advertence shall remain restricted to the said arena. At this juncture, we may state that at the appropriate stage, we shall refer to some necessitous facts from W.P.(C) No. 853/2014. We are obligated to sit in a time machine to appreciate how the schedule was fixed by the AICTE under the All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987 (for brevity, "the 1987 Act) and the Regulations framed thereunder and how the said schedule was appositely re-fixed by this Court in Parshvanath Charitable Trust Vs. All India Council for Technical Education[1]. In the said decision, a two-Judge Bench scanning the anatomy of the 1987 Act, observed thus:
"17. The provisions of the All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987 (for short 'the AICTE Act') are intended to improve the technical education system throughout the country. The various authorities under the AICTE Act have been given exclusive responsibility to coordinate and determine the standards of higher education. It is a general power given to evaluate, harmonise and secure proper relationship to any project of national importance. Such coordinated action in higher education with proper standard is of paramount importance to the national progress.
18. The provisions of the AICTE Act, including its Preamble, make it abundantly clear that AICTE has been established under the Act for coordinated and integrated development of the technical education system at all levels throughout the country and is enjoined to promote qualitative improvement of such education in relation to planned quantitative growth. The AICTE is required to regulate and ensure proper maintenance of norms and standards in technical education system. AICTE is to further evolve suitable performance appraisal system for technical institutions and universities incorporating norms and mechanisms in enforcing their accountability. It is required to provide guidelines for admission of students and has the power to withhold or discontinue grants to such technical institutions where norms and standards laid down by it and directions given by it from time to time are not followed. The duty and responsibility cast on AICTE implies that the norms and standards to be set should be such as would prevent isolated development of education in the country.
19. Section 10 of the AICTE Act enumerates various powers and functions of AICTE as also its duties and obligations to take steps towards fulfilment of the same. One such power as envisaged in Section 10(k) is to "grant approval for starting new technical institutions and for introduction of new courses or programmes in consultation with the agencies concerned". It is important to see that AICTE is empowered to inspect or cause to inspect any technical institution in clause (p)) of Section 10 without any reservation whatsoever. However, when it comes to the question of universities, it is confined and limited to ascertaining the financial needs or its standards of teaching, examination and research. The inspection may be made or caused to be made of any department or departments only and that too, in such manner as may be prescribed, as envisaged in Section 11 of the AICTE Act.
20. All these vitally important aspects go to show that the Council (AICTE) created under the AICTE Act is not intended to be an authority either superior to or to supervise and control the universities and thereby superimpose itself upon such universities merely for the reason that they are imparting teaching in technical education or programmes in any of their departments or units. A careful scanning of the provisions of the AICTE Act and the provisions of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 in juxtaposition, will show that the role of AICTE vis-�-vis the universities is only advisory, recommendatory and one of providing guidance, thereby subserving the cause of maintaining appropriate standards and qualitative norms and not as an authority empowered to issue and enforce any sanctions by itself.
Reference can be made to the judgments of this Court in the case of Adarsh Shiksha Mahavidyalaya v. Subhash Rahangdale [(2012) 2 SCC 425], State of Tamil Nadu v. Adhiyaman Educational & Research Institute [(1995) 4 SCC 104] and Bharathidasan University v. All India Council for Technical Education [(2001) 8 SCC 676]." The Court referred to various other facets and adverted to All India Council For Technical Education (Grant of Approval for Starting New Technical Institutions, Introduction of Courses or Programmes and Approval of Intake Capacity of Seats for the Courses or Programmes) Regulations, 1994 and noted the Schedule to said Regulations which read as under:-
Stage of processing application
Last date by which the processing should be completed.
For receiving proposals by Bureau RC
For Bureau RC to screen the application and (a) to return the incomplete applications to the applicants, and (b) to forward the applications to (i) State Government concerned (ii) University or State Board concerned, for their comments (iii) Regional Officer to arrange visits by Expert Committees, and (iv) Bureaus MPCD, BOS and RA for their comments
For receiving the comments from (I) the State Government (ii) the University or the State Board, and (iii) the Regional committee based on the Expert Committee's report, and (iv) from the Bureaus MPCD, BOS and RA
For consideration of the comments from the State Governments, Universities or State Boards, Regional Committees, and Bureaus of the Council by the State level Committee
For recommendations to be made by the Central Task Force
For communicating the final decision to the State Government or the University Grants Commission, under intimation to the Regional Office, Director of Technical Education, applicant, University or State Board
After reproducing the schedule, the Court ruled that adherence to the same is mandatory and not directory, for non-adherence of the schedule can result in serious consequences and can jeopardise not only the interest of the college students but also the maintenance of proper standards of technical education. It further observed that the authorities concerned, particularly AICTE should ensure proper and timely action upon the application submitted to it and it must respond to the applicant within a reasonable time period and should not allow the matter to be dragged till the final date giving rise to avoidable peculiarities by all stakeholders. After so stating, the Court also took note of the act that there seem to be some variation in the schedule issued under Regulation 8(15) and the duties reflected in the Handbook. After noticing that, the two-Judge Bench opined that the admission schedule should be declared once and for all rather than making it a yearly declaration. Emphasis was laid on the consistency and smoothness in admission process. It has also been stated that there has to be a fixed and unaltered time schedule for admission to the colleges so that the students know with certainty and well in advance the admission schedule that is to be followed and on the basis of which they can exercise their choice relating to college or the course. The Court referred to the schedule that was submitted before it for admission for the academic year 2013-2014. Eventually, the Court fixed an appropriate schedule which is as follows: "The appropriate Schedule, thus, would be as follows:
Conduct of entrance examination (AIEEE/State CET/Management quota exams, etc.)
In the month of May
Declaration of result of qualifying examination (12th exam or similar) and entrance examination
On or before 5th June
1st round of counselling/ admission for allotment of seats
To be completed on or before 30th July
2nd round of counselling for
To be completed on or before
allotment of seats
Last round of counselling for
Last date for admitting
candidates in seats other than allotted above
However, any number of rounds for counselling could be conducted depending on local requirements, but all the rounds shall be completed before 30th July
Commencement of academic session
Last date up to which students can be admitted against vacancies arising due to any reason (no student should be admitted in any institution after the last date under any quota)
Last date of granting or refusing approval by AICTE
Last date of granting or refusing approval by University/State Government
After fixing the schedule, the Court thought it appropriate to rule that:
"42. The admission to academic courses should start, as proposed, by 1st August of the relevant year. The seats remaining vacant should again be duly notified and advertised. All seats should be filled positively by 15th August after which there shall be no admission, whatever be the reason or ground.
43. We find that the above Schedule is in conformity with the affiliation/recognition schedule aforenoticed. They both can co-exist. Thus, we approve these admission dates and declare it to be the law which shall be strictly adhered to by all concerned and none of the authorities shall have the power or jurisdiction to vary these dates of admission. Certainty in this field is bound to serve the ends of fair, transparent and judicious method of grant of admission and commencement of the technical courses. Any variation is bound to adversely affect the maintenance of higher standards of education and systemic and proper completion of courses."
At this stage, it is seemly to refer to a subsequent decision in Association of Management of Private Colleges Vs. All India Council for Technical Education and others[2]. In the said decision, certain educational institutions, being aggrieved by an order passed by the High Court of Judicature of Madras, had approached this Court on the foundation that the High Court had erroneously interpreted the 1987 Act, for the High Court had opined that the University is not required to take permission from AICTE, but its affiliated colleges are required to do so.
The High Court has further ruled that the appellant colleges therein should get their course of MCA ratified by AICTE as per the prescribed format, which according to the appellants, was in contravention of the settled principles of interpretation of statutes as stated in Bharathidasan University V. All India Council for Technical Education[3]. The two-Judge Bench referred to Parshvanath Charitable Trust(supra), T.M. Pai Foundation V. State of Karnataka[4], the definition of 'technical education' and 'technical institution' in the dictionary clause of the Act and certain provisions of University Grants Commission Act, 1956, the Regulations framed under the said Act and came to hold as follows:
"52........the AICTE Act does not intend to be an authority either superior or to supervise or control the universities and thereby superimpose itself upon the said universities merely for the reason that it is laying down certain teaching standards in technical education or programmes formulated in any of the department or units. It is evident that while enacting the AICTE Act, Parliament was fully alive to the existence of the provisions of the UGC Act, 1956 particularly, the said provisions extracted above. Therefore, the definition of "technical institution" in Section 2(h) of the AICTE Act which authorizes AICTE to do certain things, special care has consciously and deliberately been taken to make specific mention of university, wherever and whenever AICTE alone was expected to interact with a university and its departments as well as constituent institutions and units.
It was held after analyzing the provision of Sections 10, 11 and 12 of the AICTE Act that the role of the inspection conferred upon the AICTE vis-a-vis universities is limited to the purpose of ensuring proper maintenance of norms and standards in the technical education system so as to conform to the standard laid down by it with no further or direct control over such universities or scope for any direct action except bringing it to the notice of UGC. In that background, this Court in Bharathidasan University case made it very clear by making the observation that it has examined the scope of the enactment as to whether the AICTE Act prevails over the UGC Act or the fact of competent entries fall in Entry 66 List I vis-a-vis Entry 25 of List III of the VII Schedule of the Constitution.
53. A cumulative reading of the aforesaid paragraphs of Bharathidasan University case which are extracted above makes it very clear that this Court has exempted universities, its colleges, constituent institutions and units from seeking prior approval from AICTE. Also, from the reading of paragraphs 19 and 20 of Parashvanath Chartitable Trust case it is made clear after careful scanning of the provisions of the AICTE Act and the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 that the role of AICTE vis-a-vis universities is only advisory, recommendatory and one of providing guidance and has no authority empowering it to issue or enforce any sanctions by itself." After the aforesaid judgment was delivered, a writ petition No. 895/2013 was filed which was taken up on 24.3.2014 wherein the Court passed the following order: "Rule nisi.
Having regard to the important issue involved in the Writ Petition, we think that it will be appropriate if the matter is heard by a Bench of three Judges.
The matter may be listed accordingly within six months from today." In SLP(C) No. 7277/2014, on 17.4.2014, the following order came to be passed: "In the counter affidavit filed on behalf of respondent No.1, i.e., All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), it is stated that Approval Process Handbook (2013-14) is presently in force and the same has been extended and made applicable for the Academic Year 2014-15 as well.
AICTE shall now proceed in accordance with the Approval Process Handbook for the Academic Year 2014-15 insofar as the members of the petitioner Association and all colleges and institutions situated similarly to the members of the petitioner Association are concerned and necessary orders shall be issued by AICTE within ten days. Prayer for interim relief is ordered accordingly." In SLP(C) No. 7277/14, IA No. 2-3/2014 were filed.
In the said applications, on 09.05.2014, a four-Judge bench, passed the following order:
"The order dated 17.4.2014 passed by this Court is clarified and it is directed that prior approval of All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is compulsory and mandatory for conduct of a technical course including the MBA/Management course by an existing affiliated Technical College and also new Technical College which will require affiliation by a University for conduct of its Technical Courses/Programmes for the academic year 2014-15.
The time given in the order dated 17.4.2014 is extended by 10.6.2014. IA Nos. 2 & 3 of 2014 stand disposed of as above." Thereafter, a bunch of writ petitions and I.A. No.6 in SLP(C) No. 7277/2014 were filed. The Court referred to the schedule in Parshvanath Charitable Trust (supra) and taking note of the stand of the AICTE, directed as follows: "In the application, the AICTE has averred that it has received 7280 applications from existing technical institutions in the country, of which 6751 applications have been processed already and the remaining 529 applications are pending consideration as on 4th June, 2014.
Since the exercise was of this magnitude, all applications could not be processed so as to comprehensively respond to the directions of this Court, reproduced above. Mr. L. Nageswara Rao, learned Additional Solicitor General, states that if time is extended by one week, all the remaining applications shall also be processed by AICTE. The prayer in the Writ Petitions is substantially the same since the stand of the AICTE is that although, after due consideration, EOA for Academic year 2014-15 is recommended, because of the deadline given by this Court, the approval cannot be granted. There can be no gainsaying that every eligible student/ candidate desirous of participating in further education, especially where resources and institutions are available, should be accommodated so long as academic standards are not undermined.
We are satisfied that if the respondent - AICTE is granted seven more days within which to decide all pending applications, these overriding interests shall be addressed. It is in these circumstances that we modify previous orders in the following manner:
The AICTE is granted seven days within which to take a decision on all the applications pending before it. It shall first take up the applications in which it has already expressed willingness to grant approvals, but have not done so in deference of the Orders of this Court. Thereafter, the concerned Universities/State Authorities/Bodies which have the powers of granting affiliation shall take a decision on that subject within one week. It is for these reasons that the first round of counselling/admission for allotment of seats which was to be completed by 30th June, 2014 will now be completed by 15th July, 2014.
The second round of counselling shall be completed by 22nd July, 2014 and the last round of counselling shall be completed by 29th July, 2014. In this manner, the date of commencement of the Academic Session, as laid down by this Court above, shall not be disturbed.
It is made clear that all the Colleges who have been cleared for intake of students for the Academic Year 2014-2015, as envisaged in the process above, shall be cleared and considered for admitting students for the current Academic Year. Learned Senior Counsel appearing for the petitioners in some of the Writ Petitions apprehends that the respondents may adhere to Annexure P-7. We think that that would not be appropriate in view of the orders contained herein." In spite of the aforesaid order, the grievance, as submitted by Mr. Mukul Rohtagi, learned Attorney General for Union of India appearing on behalf of AICTE as well as for the University still subsisted.
In SLP(C) No. 21901/2014, a two-Judge Bench, appreciating the core fact that the concerned institution had been granted approval way back in 2011 and struggling to commence the first academic session, directed as follows:-
"...We find it appropriate to direct the respondents to allow the petitioner to commence the academic session within one week from today by adhering to the different steps laid down by this Court. The counselling shall be conducted on the basis of the merit list prepared by the concerned competent authority, for which a Notification shall positively be issued by tomorrow i.e. 14.08.2014. The students who have already been admitted to other institutions, will not have the option to seek admission in the petitioner-institution.
The counselling process, in terms of the directions issued by this Court shall be completed by 19.08.2014, and the admissions shall be finalised under all circumstances by 20.08.2014."
Further substantiating the reason, the Court observed:
"The reason for us to extend the schedule expressed by this Court in its earlier orders, is based on the fact, that the institution in question i.e. the petitioner before this Court had assailed the action of the Anna University before the High Court by filing a writ petition as far back in 2013.
It is only because, the judicial process extended up to 21.07.2014 (when the impugned order was passed) that the deadlines have been crossed. The last date for finalising admissions has yet not crossed. The denial of commencement of the academic session would cause extensive financial loss to the petitioner, despite the fulfilment of all essential norms.
It is in these peculiar circumstances that the instant order has been passed." As the chronology of events would further uncurtain IA No. 46/2014 was filed in Parshvanath Charitable Trust (supra) for extension of time and the Court, on 11.08.2014, while dealing with the Schedule in respect of the State of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, directed as follows:
"Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and taking into consideration the fact that State of Telangana has been created recently on 2.6.2014 and both the States i.e. newly created State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh may face some difficulty to complete the admission process within the time stipulated.
We allow the prayer. Both the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and the competent authorities will complete the counselling and admission in engineering colleges and other institutions by 31st August, 2014 in accordance with law. The extension of time will be applicable to the State of Andhra Pradesh and newly created State of Telangana and not the other State."
Be it noted, IA Nos. 50-56/2014 were filed in Parshvanath Charitable Trust (supra) case and the Court adverting to the earlier table and the table submitted by the AICTE, issued the following directions: "Earlier when the matter was taken up by this court on 19th August, 2014 in I.A. No. 50,51 & 52, the following order was passed:
"The petitioners may file an additional affidavit enclosing a chart showing the date they intend to
(i) get counselling of students,
(ii) admit the students,
(iii) start the course,
(iv) number of classes to be attended as per law
(iv)the day when the course will be completed as per the norms,
(v) the month in which admit card will be issued and
(vi) the examination schedule to commence.
Post the matter on 25th August, 2014."
The aforesaid order was passed with a view to know whether the students will suffer if the period of counselling an admission is extended and whether the petitioners will be in a position to complete the sessions within time schedule. The additional affidavit has been filed on behalf of the Applicant I.A. NO. 50/2014 showing therein details of the existing v Academic Calendar Year 2014-2015 which reads as follows :
State of academic session as per Supreme Court
1st of August (University) started their classes on 19th August, 2014
No. of Days considering 5 days a week - Holidays*
Actual date of start of classes
71-06 = 65 teaching days
Last of teaching
29th of November
Issue of Admit Card
1st of Dec (Admit Card are issued on line)
Preparation Leave for Exam
1st Dec - 14th Dec
Start of Semester examination
15th of December, 2014
End of Semester examination
10th of Jan., 2015
Start of second semester
15th of January, 2015
The Applicants have now proposed the academic calendar for admission in their Colleges/Institutions, without loss of teaching days, making Saturdays as teaching days :
Start of academic session
1st of September
Last day of teaching
78-6 = 72 teaching days
1st of Dec. (Admit card are issued on line)
Preparation, Leave for Exam
The learned counsel appearing on behalf of other applicants and AICTE submits that there is no objection if the Academic Calendar Year proposed b the applicant - International Institute of Technology & Business, Sonepat and others in I.A. No. 50/2014 is allowed. It may be allowed to be applied to other institutions who have filed similar applications.
Having heard the learned counsel for the parties, we direct to implead the applicants as party to C.A. No. 9048/2012, extend the cut-off for counselling and admission as fixed by the final judgment and order dated 13th December, 2012 passed in C.A. NO.9048/2012 by one week i.e. 5th September, 2014 with clear understanding that they will admit the students and complete the Session as per the time schedule shown and recorded above.
This extension of time for Counselling and Admission shall be applicable to the Colleges/Institutions who have filed the applications for impleading as the parties to the present appeal and the Colleges and Institutions for whom permission has been sought by AICTE."
We have referred to the orders passed by this Court in a sequential manner only to highlight that for the academic year 2014-15 there was some cavil with regard to the jurisdiction of AICTE till the four-Judge Bench by order dated 9.5.2014 clarified prior approval of AICTE is compulsory and mandatory for conduct of technical course including MBA/Management course by exiting affiliated technical college and also including technical college which would require affiliation by a university for conduct of its technical process/programmes for the academic year 2014-15.
The time schedule originally postulated in the Parshvanath case was extended regard being had to the special features of each case. In the case at hand it is submitted by Mr. Rohatgi that the university had issued a notification on 28.8.2014 to provide a fresh round of counselling (supplementary counselling) after 15.8.2014 which was the cut-off date. The said notification issued by the university challenged before the High Court of Delhi.
The learned Single Judge issued notice in the Writ Petition but did not pass an interim order. In Intra-Court Appeal the Division Bench by an order dated 3.9.2014 gave liberty to the university to go ahead with the supplementary counselling for non-AICTE courses/ non-NCTE courses and granted liberty to move this court for extension of time. Assailing the aforesaid order Special Leave Petition (C) No. 24442 of 2014 was filed and this court on 8.9.2014 passed the following order:-
"Issue notice. Ms. Asha Jain Madan, Advocate for the respondent, on caveat, has entered appearance and accepts notice. We have been apprised, in the course of hearing of this petition for the purposes of admission, that the University has issued a notification dated 28.08.2014, which is prior to the order passed by the High Court.
The said notification, as submitted by Mr. Sibal, is likely to affect the schedule fixed by this Court for AICTE and other statutory authorities like, NCTE, etc. It is also urged at the Bar by virtue of this notification being worked out, the students who have been admitted to a particular course, may be dislodged or try their option for other courses as a consequence of which the educational institutions would likely to face a hazard.
Be that as it may, Mr. Maninder Singh, learned ASG shall explain the impact and effect of the notification issued on 28.08.2014. As an ad interim measure, it is directed there shall be stay of operation of the order dated 3.09.2014 passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in LPA No. 576/2014 and the Notification referred to hereinabove. List on 12.09.2014." When the matter was listed thereafter, a statement was made by the counsel appearing for the university that the notification dated 28.8.2014 which was the subject matter of the writ petition in the High Court was withdrawn. Taking note of the said submission, the following order came to be passed.
"Heard Mr. Maninder Singh learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the University. It is submitted by the learned Additional Solicitor General that the University has taken a decision to withdraw the Notification dated 28th August, 2014.
In view of the aforesaid, the impugned order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court is set aside and the Writ Petition (c) No.5696/2014 pending in the High Court of Delhi, is deemed to have been disposed of." Thereafter the present batch of writ petitions have been filed fundamentally for extension of time schedule which would logically give rise to conducting of another round of counselling. It is contended in the writ petition that more than six thousand seats are vacant and there are thousand of students who are qualified in CET and there is no justification not to fill up the said seats. It is asseverated that due to no fault of the educational institutions which are self-financed are likely to suffer enormous financial loss and the students who have cleared the entrance test and are meritorious would lose one year. Be it stated, the notification issued by the university covered the following courses:-
"(a) B.Tech/M. Tech. (Dual Degree)/B.Tech. CET Code 31;
(b) BBA,CET Code 125
(c) BCA CET Code 114
(d) B. Com., CET Code 146
(e) B.Ed. CET Code 122
(f) BJMC, CET Code 126
(g) BA, LLB/BBA, LL.B. CET Code 121
(h) MBA, CET Code 191
(i) MCA, CET Code 105
(j) LE to B.Tech. CET Code 128 and 129"
It is not disputed that courses covered under (a), (h), (i) and (j) are covered by AICTE Regulations. B.Ed. CET Code 122 is covered under the NCTE Act and Regulations framed thereunder. Courses covered under, (b), (c), (d), (f) and (g) are directly governed by the university statutes and regulations. In the present case we are not dealing with the controversy pertaining to the cases under the NCTE Act, 1993. First, we shall dwell upon the courses that are regulated by the 1987 Act and the 1994 Regulations. It is submitted by the learned counsel for the petitioners, namely, the institutions and the students, that AICTE did not adhere to the schedule as far as the counselling is concerned and the University played possum with the schedule and further created a chaos by allowing the students who had already taken admissions in certain institutions to participate in the supplementary counselling which is impermissible on the face of the prospectus issued by the university.
Mr. Rohtagi, learned Attorney General would submit that AICTE, after the pronouncement of the judgment in Association Management of Private Colleges' case was uncertain of its jurisdiction/authority till it was conferred the power although by an interim order on 9.5.2014 in Orissa Technical Colleges Association's case, and that uncertainty caused delay.
We have been apprised that the matter is pending before a three-Judge Bench and the AICTE has proceeded solely on the basis of the interim order. As far as the issuance of the notification in respect of ten courses having access to all candidates including the students who had already taken admission, learned Attorney General submitted, that such inclusion was contrary to the prospectus and also erroneous on many a score. Let it be clearly stated that we appreciate that for the academic year 2014- 15, there were certain unforeseen circumstances.
First, a question mark was put on the authority of AICTE, (ii) second, there was bifurcation of States of Andhra Pradesh to two states, namely State of Andhra Pradesh and State of Telengana, and (iii) third, number of seats had remained vacant despite students having qualified and desirous of taking of the courses. In our considered opinion, these are significant special features that have occurred in the academic year 2014-15. There are two ways to look at the fact situation. It can be perceived with a myopic attitude or it can be appreciated, regard being had to multitudinous consequences. We have been apprised by the learned Attorney General that if time is granted for on- line counselling it can commence w.e.f. 20th of October, 2014 and would be over within two days and thereafter classes can start. He has reproduced a letter dated 11th of October, 2014 issued by the Vice-Chancellor how the University would carry out the supplementary counselling.
We think it apt to reproduce the same:- "University would be agreeable to carry out a supplementary counselling for admissions for remaining vacant seats from the eligible CET qualified candidates. The University has further decided that only vacant seats will be filled up from eligible CET qualified students as per their merits, who have not taken admissions as yet. The university also agrees that no further dislocation will be carried out for any students who are already admitted in the programmes at any college/institute." Weighing the issue on the scales of larger public interest in the obtaining factual matrix we are inclined to state that the relief sought and the plausible solution offered by the University can be accepted as that would subserve the cause of justice.
In these courses, the university, as submitted before us, can keep the pace. The students who would be taking admissions subject to our order, be put in one section in the allotted colleges so that they can attend classes for an extra hour. That apart their holidays shall be curtailed as per the directions of the University. An undertaking to the said effect can be taken from the students.
Every student shall have the requisite 75% attendance of the original number of classes. In case, there will be any shortage of attendance it shall be sternly dealt with. Be it noted, such an agonizing situation inviting national waste could have been avoided had AICTE and the University would have been more careful, cautious and circumspect. However, to do complete justice, we have issued the aforesaid directions. This is in the larger public interest.
At this juncture we may fruitfully recapitulate an ancient saying:- "Yadapi Sidhham, Loka Virudhham Na Adaraniyam, Na Karaniyam" As the present fact situation depicts the larger public interest and ultimately subserve the cause of justice we extend the time for on-line counselling till 20th of October, 2014. At this juncture, we have been apprised by Mr. P.P. Rao and Mr. Sundram, learned senior counsel appearing for the petitioners that the problem occurs every year, for despite days for counselling are fixed, adequate number of students are not called for counselling, as a result of which, many students who have cleared the CET do not get an opportunity to undertake the counselling and eventually the admission does not take place. We are absolutely conscious that it is in the sphere of university administration. But when the problem is recurrent we command the University to hold counselling in such a manner within the stipulated time in the schedule so that all the seats are filled up if there are eligible candidates for such counselling.
The University cannot behave like an alien to the national interest. Another aspect which requires to be noted is that a blame game has been going on by the educational institutions on the one hand and the AICTE and the University on the other, and on certain occasions between the AICTE and the University. All of them function in the field of education. Such kind of cavil and narrowness is likely to create a concavity in the educational culture of the country. Therefore, all concerned must remember that education charters the way where a civilized man slaughters his prejudices. Any education properly imparted is a constant allurement to learn. It is inconceivable that the authorities who are in charge of controlling the sphere of education to behave like errant knights justifying their own fanciful deeds.
Law expects a rational perception, logical approach and a studied and well- deliberated decision from all the authorities. It is imperative to state, a concerted effort has to be made by the AICTE and the University to avoid recurrence of this kind of piquant and agonising situations. Perceived from any perspective, it does not augur a healthy situation. Had the AICTE functioned within the time frame in respect of the process the matter would not have given rise to such a situation. Similarly, had the University conducted the counselling with utmost responsibility keeping in view the number of seats that were available in the approved institutions and the number of students that have qualified in the Common Entrance Test, possibly the gravity of the problem would have been less.
In a State of good governance, a problem is taken note of so that appropriate and timely steps are taken to avoid any recurrence. The authorities who are incharge of giving approval, preparing syllabus, imparting education and carrying on such other activities, are required to behave with responsibility. Lack of concern is only indicative of the beginning of destruction. That cannot be allowed to occur. Therefore, we caution the AICTE and the University to see to it that things are done on time following the fixed time schedule. We ingeminate, at the cost of repetition, that we have extended the time because of the situation that has prevailed this year but if due efforts are taken, we are certain that same would not be required.
We hasten to clarify the time schedule originally fixed in Parshvanath Charitable Trust case has to be treated as the schedule for all coming years. Any modification that has been done, as is manifest from the various orders which we have reproduced hereinbefore, including the present judgment, have been passed for the academic session 2014-15 in the special features of each case. Be it stated, avoidance of unpleasant litigation is a progressive step in a civilised society governed by rule of law. To sum up:
(a) Time is extended for carrying out the on-line counselling till 21st of October, 2014.
(b) The students who have already taken admission in colleges shall not be permitted to participate in the supplementary counselling, and the students who are attending classes in any institution without the counseling shall be deemed not to have been admitted and therefore they will be eligible to participate in the on line counseling.
(c) The students those are selected for admission and allotted to the respective colleges on merits shall take admission forthwith.
(d) The students after being allotted to a particular college shall be put in a separate Section as they shall be required to attend extra-working classes.
The educational institutions have to seriously impart education with the help and aid of teachers, if necessary, by providing adequate means and facilitation for the teachers. The University shall constitute a team to see whether classes are held or not. Unless a student gets the requisite attendance of 75% on the basis of the computation held, regard being had to the entire teaching days, he shall not be permitted to appear in the examination. The time schedule originally fixed in Parshavnath Charitable Trust (supra) shall remain in force and be religiously followed in the subsequent years. Ex consequenti, the writ petitions are disposed of on above terms. There shall be no order as to costs.
..........................J. (DIPAK MISRA)
..........................J. (UDAY UMESH LALIT)


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A lonely vigil against an unpopular war
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by Jordan Green
Three years and a day after the invasion of Iraq, with a poll showing a plurality of Americans favoring immediate withdrawal, what constitutes the Greensboro peace movement during Monday evening rush hour is three generations of a dedicated family of four and a thundering drum ensemble of equal number.
The Koritz family has been holding a weekly peace vigil outside the L. Richardson Preyer Federal Building at the corner of Eugene Street and Friendly Avenue since October 2001. For those who are counting, that marks not the invasion of Iraq but the commencement of US bombing in Afghanistan following al-Qaeda attacks in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania.
On many Mondays over the past four and a half years the vigil has consisted of Richard Koritz, a 61-year-old retired postal worker who serves as the NC Letter Carriers Association representative to the AFL-CIO, his wife Sandra and their 12-year-old son Marcus. Before the invasion of Iraq, Richard Koritz said the Greensboro peace vigil drew up to 200 people. After the bombing began, participation dropped. Now they gauge their success by honks, of which Sandra Koritz often keeps a tally. The count started at about 50 in late 2001, and in recent weeks has reached 378 per hour.
'"A lot of people that picketed got discouraged when we went to war,'" said Richard Koritz, whose barrel-chested build and thick New England accent convey a personality by turns gruff and compassionate. '"I didn't expect that we were going to stop this. We've become too comfortable. We've been conditioned to have an individualistic mindset and it keeps us weak.'"
He noted that recent polling has indicated that a majority of US soldiers want to come home from Iraq. The fact that US public opinion is now tilted in his direction is not lost on him. A poll released by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press on March 16 found that 50 percent of Americans favor bringing the troops home now; 44 percent want to keep military forces in Iraq and 6 percent remain undecided. Forty-nine percent view the war as a mistake compared to 45 percent who view it as the right decision.
Explaining why such a small number of people have mobilized to protest the war, Koritz said: '"The Democratic Party in Washington has no principles. The people are politically confused because there is no political party expressing their will.'"
Monday brought one new voice to Greensboro's peace movement '— Richard Koritz's mother, 86-year-old Sara Koritz, who had relocated to Greensboro from Quincy, Mass. two days earlier.
Heaving a picket sign reading '"support our troops, bring them home'" at oncoming traffic as a cold, steady rain beat down, she smiled with enthusiasm for her cause.
'"The war is a sin against humanity, and the death of young people is too high a price to pay for the evil that this country is doing,'" she said. '"I've been an activist since I was sixteen.'"
Despite the rain, Richard Koritz and his son carried a banner declaring '"North Carolina Labor Against the War: No More Blood for Oil'" as the two women marched with picket signs, all four of them methodically repositioning to face traffic in sync with the changing of the lights. Behind them four members of the Cakalak Thunder drum corps hammered out an energetic samba beat.
'"I'm out here with bronchitis,'" Richard Koritz said. '"I told my doctor I was going to be out here. He said to me: 'I don't recommend it, but you've got to do what you've got to do.""
At 6 p.m. the Koritzes folded up their banner. Richard Koritz called all eight of the demonstrators into a huddle.
'"We appreciate Cakalak drum corps joining us,'" he said, '"because you're the greatest patriots of your generation, because you're saving the lives of people. Your courage is inspiring.'"
Then they ended by shouting in unison: '"In our unity lies our strength.'"
To comment on this story, e-mail Jordan Green at jordan@yesweekly.com
The ancient art of sausage making
Eric Gales to play YES! Weekly party March 31


The Green Party will introduce a motion during Private Members' Business this week calling on the new Minister for Communications, Climate Action, and the Environment to take decisive action on the issue of plastic waste by supporting the Green Party's Waste Reduction Bill.
The Bill, which has received broad cross-party support, seeks to introduce a deposit and refund scheme for drinks containers and impose a ban on single-use plastics. However, its progress has been continually blocked by Government. The Green Party, during their Private Members' Business in the Dáil tomorrow, will be calling for Government to allow the Bill to pass to the next stage.
The Green Party are launching their motion outside Leinster House on Tuesday at 12:50 p.m. and it will be discussed during Private Members' Business later that evening from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. The Bill will be voted on this Thursday.


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Zamalek make U-turn over withdrawal from Egyptian league
Zamalek's Ahmed Dwedar (right) vies with Al Ahly's Malik Evona
Zamalek have gone back on their decision to withdraw from the Egyptian Premier League because of "disastrous refereeing errors" and will now complete their fixtures.
The club had said on Wednesday it was protesting against biased officiating it believed was intended to "gift the title" to their bitter rivals Al Ahly.
Zamalek, who won the title last year, are eight points behind leaders Ahly with five matches left.
They will now play ENPPI on Thursday.
That match had been in doubt when Zamalek reacted to the dismissal of two Arab Contractors players in their 3-0 defeat by Al Ahly by issuing a statement mid-match declaring they would quit the competition.
"The club's board of directors, under the leadership of chairman Mortada Mansour, decided not to continue this league competition as long as the refereeing committee and its head Gamal El-Ghandour remain in their position," Zamalek said in their statement.
"The decision comes due to disastrous refereeing errors. At a time when an illegitimate goal by Maqassa against Zamalek was allowed to stand [in Sunday's league match], Contractors had two playeTHat match had been in doiuyvbrs wrongfully dismissed against Ahly.
"This clearly shows an intention to gift the title to Ahly amid a dishonorable competition."
Two Contractors players received straight red cards for protesting against a goal by Ahly striker Malick Evouna in the first half of Wednesday's match.
Seeking 'justice'
It is not the first time Zamalek chairman Mansour has said the club would quit the league, only to change his mind.
And on Thursday Mansour said: "I held a meeting with the club board members and they persuaded me to cancel the decision.
"I will hold a meeting with Mr. Khaled Abdel Azeez, the Egyptian Minister, and the Egyptian Football Association to stop what is happening in the League.
"I want the Egyptian Football Association to axe Referees' chairman committee Gamal El Ghandour, the domestic league will stop after today's match and that is a good chance to axe El Ghandour.
"I have don't have a problem if Al Ahly win the league, I will congratulate them, but I want them to win it in a fair way not with referees' help.
"I don't want to damage Egyptian football , I just want justice. Referees are trying to make us lose the matches and they help Al Ahly to win the games."


text:
Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl è un ordine di angiosperme del clade Magnoliidi.

L'ordine include oltre  specie di piante arboree e arbustive.
La maggior parte delle specie hanno una distribuzione tropicale e subtropicale, la famiglia delle Lauraceae è presente nel bacino del Mediterraneo con l'alloro.

Tassonomia
Secondo la classificazione filogenetica APG l'ordine Laurales include le seguenti famiglie:
 Calycanthaceae Lindl.
 Siparunaceae Schodde
 Gomortegaceae Reiche
 Atherospermataceae R.Br.
 Hernandiaceae Blume
 Monimiaceae Juss.
 Lauraceae Juss.

Nella classificazione di Cronquist (1981) l'ordine includeva le seguenti famiglie:

 Amborellaceae (ora appartenente all'ordine Amborellales).
 Calycanthaceae
 Gomortegaceae
 Hernandiaceae
 Idiospermaceae
 Lauraceae
 Monimiaceae (che comprendeva le specie comprese oggi nelle Atherospermataceae e nelle Siparunaceae).
 Trimeniaceae

Note

Bibliografia
 Renner, Susanne S. (May 2001) Laurales. In: Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. London: Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0003695 Riassunto, testo (pdf).
 Melvil Dewey. Classificazione decimale Dewey, 21. ed. it.. Classe 583.23: Laurales. Roma, Associazione italiana biblioteche, 2000. ISBN 88-7812-057-X.
 Renner S.S. (1999). Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: evidence from molecular and morphological data. American Journal of Botany 86 (9): 1301-1315. Riassunto, testo (pdf).
 Endress P.K., Igersheim A. (1997). Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Laurales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (2): 93-168. doi:10.1006/bojl.1997.0113 Riassunto.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I spent an hour moving and stretching in an 85 degree room.
I may add two group exercise days a week to my training program. Yoga is the hardest class I can think of, which means it probably has the most to offer. The session was certainly humbling. It is also much more affordable than kettlebell class.


If Westminster Council can tackle "idling" why can't H&F?
Local residents complain that lorries being used for the building work on the Sovereign Court development are routinely leaving their engines running while parked in Glenthorne Road. This practice is known as "idling". Under the Road Traffic (Vehicle Emissions) Regulations 2002 the law states that is an offence to idle your engine unnecessarily when stationary.
But Hammersmith and Fulham Council doesn't seem to do much about it.
Westminster Council has introduced £80 Penalty Charge Notice for "idling". The main point about it is a deterrent. Only around 20 fines have been issued but that is because of the 20,000 drivers approached by "air marshals" the overwhelming majority have readily agreed to switch off their engines. I have asked Hammersmith and Fulham Council if we have any plans to do the same.
"I am a 73 year old resident of Askham Court Sheltered Housing scheme. My flat is directly opposite the newly built Queensmill School for children with autism in Askham Road, W12. Children are brought to the school from a wide area in Ford diesel mini-buses in the morning and collected again mid-afternoon. Ten or more buses queue in Askham Road for up to 20 minutes to enter the school forecourt to drop-off and pick-up the children (see attachments). Most drivers run their vehicle engines on idle while they wait, regardless of seasonal temperatures. I endeavored to make school forecourt staff aware of both the illegality of idling vehicals while stationary and the possible adverse health effects on the children and others from inhaling diesal/nitrogen dioxide fumes. I gave them a print-out of the Air Quality Commission post of 11th August 2015 on the H&F website which declared the Council's determination to tackle the 'deadly problem of air pollution' in the borough.
As a result of that action I was introduced to a HATS bus company supervisor who assured me that drivers would be instructed to follow correct procedure to switch off engines while stationary outside the school. My intervention has had no effect. Drivers continue to idle their vehicles.
On their website HATS state, 'all vehicles are LEZ compliant… we are working toward the latest Euro 5 emission standard'. I understand that the World Health Organization has classified diesel exhaust as carcinogenic and that there is no safe level for humans. In the light of this statement I am concerned for the health of the children in the mornings aboard buses that are parked tight behind each other and where exhaust fumes could be entering vehicle cabs. I am also concerned about the general level of pollution and its effect on my fellow elderly sheltered housing residents as well as other people in my neighborhood.
An idling engine can produce up to twice as many exhaust emissions as an engine in motion.
Research has shown that air pollution is a "particular concern for child health, as it can stunt lung growth and affect lung capacity".
Matters were made much worse by Gordon Brown's disastrous 2001 Budget which encouraged motorists to switch from petrol to diesel – the result of the EU being lobbied by vested interests.
Anyway it's all very well for the Council to virtue signal, set up commissions and say it is "listening" to these concerns. But we need action. Clean air not hot air!
As I've noted before at present the the £22 million Public Health budget is largely wasted. Why not employ a few "air marshals"? Why not provide them with the power to impose a penalty of those who refuse to stop poisoning us and our children?
Rat population in H&F up by a third – is the shortage of litter bins to blame?
The Council tells me that the Council's pest control department had 740 complaints about rats in the last financial year 2016/17. That compares with 555 in 2013/14 before Labour took over. So an increase of a third. The total scale of the problem will be much higher as many people employ free enterprise, rather than municipal, rat catchers.
It could have been worse. At least Labour retreated on their proposal to scrap weekly bin collections.
But the problem has surely been exacerbated by the decline in standards of street cleaning. Overflowing litter bins have become an all too common sight on our parks and high streets. We need more of them and they need to be emptied more frequently.


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Your investment in the College of Liberal Arts at UMD ensures that our students and faculty can engage in meaningful research and pursue their creative endeavors to their fullest capacity. Today, in a technologically advanced and globally interdependent world, your support for the liberal arts—the foundation of all academic learning—is more important than ever.
Together we can discover how your passion can impact the lives of our students and faculty. There are several ways for you to get involved.
Fund an annual scholarship. With a gift of $1,000 annually we can establish a named scholarship that will be awarded to a student each fall based on mutually agreed upon criteria. This is a powerful way to honor someone significant in your life or establish your own legacy here at UMD. You will be invited to our annual CLA Awards Reception and have a chance to meet your scholarship recipient. This meaningful gift can be split into smaller payments throughout the year.
Make an annual gift of any size to the program or department of your choice. Each department's gift fund is used to help support student travel to conferences, special events for the department, and bringing visiting scholars to UMD.
Endow a professorship. Endowed positions in CLA give us the ability to recruit and retain the highest caliber faculty in our departments. These positions offer faculty extra opportunities for research in their field and expose our students to these opportunities as well.
Leave a gift to CLA through your estate plan. Consider naming UMD and the College of Liberal Arts as a beneficiary of an existing IRA or in your will. There are so many ways in which you can make a lasting impact on CLA through a planned gift. Some of these giving vehicles even provide you with an income during your lifetime. Let's talk if you are interested in learning more.
As you can see, there are many different ways in which your contribution of any amount can have a lasting effect on the lives of the students and faculty in CLA. Let us help you find the most meaningful way for you to invest in CLA and find joy in seeing the impact. Call our office anytime, 218-726-6322, or email any one of us.


text:
Regions L2 Menu
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Kīlauea Volcano — Lava Flows from Fissure 8
View to the southwest, looking "up" the lava channel. Lava flows from Fissure 8 (not pictured) through the open channel about 13 km (8 mi) to the ocean. Lava remains incandescent (glowing orange) along the entire length of the channel with sections of cooled lava (black) on the surface. The dark areas in the lower portion of the image are parts of the early lava flow from
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Volcano Hazards, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
Kīlauea Volcano — Fissure 8 Fountain
At fissure 8, fountains provide a vigorous supply of lava that exits the cinder cone and drops over a spillway to enter a well-established
Kīlauea Volcano — Roadway Crack Observations
USGS field crews track activity in and around Leilani Estates in Kīlauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. Observations are also collected on a daily basis from cracks in the area of Highway 130, shown here (no changes in temperature, crack width, or gas emissions have been noted recently).
Kīlauea Volcano — Fissure 8 Lava Fountain
Aerial view of lava fountain at
Kīlauea Volcano — Spatter Cone (Fissure 8)
The spatter cone at fissure 8 is now about 55 m (180 ft) tall.
Kīlauea Volcano — Small Halema`uma`u Eruption (June 24, 2018)
On June 24 a small ash-poor steam plume rose above the Halema'uma'u crater rim following another collapse explosion event at 4:12 p.m. HST (image taken at 4:27 p.m.).
Kīlauea fissure 8 lava channel transports "lava boats"
Geologists captured this time-lapse video of the perched lava channel issuing from fissure 8 on Kīlauea's lower East Rift Zone.
Rafts of accreted lava move down stream and look like boats moving down a river. These are termed lava balls or lava boats and form when portions of the fissure 8 cone or levees break away and are rafted down stream. As they move along
Kīlauea Volcano — Halema`uma`u Crater Collapse (June 23, 2018)
On June 23, 2018 at 4:32 p.m. HST after approximately 17 hours of elevated seismicity, a collapse explosion occurred at the summit if Kīlauea. The energy released by the
Mauna Loa Back to Normal
View of cinder cones in the Northeast Rift Zone near the summit of Mauna Loa. View to the north-northeast with Mauna Kea in the background. Mauna Loa has erupted 33 times since 1843, most recently erupting in 1975 and 1984. Photo credit: Matt Patrick, USGS
Kīlauea Volcano — Halema'uma'u Crater
Halema'uma'u crater at 8:30 a.m., view is toward the south. Several benches are clearly visible within the crater. The benches are sections of the former crater rim and adjacent Kīlauea
Kīlauea Volcano — Fissure 8 Lava Channel
Early morning view of the open lava channelbeginning about 5 km (3.1 miles) from Fissure 8. The channel bends 90 degrees to the south (right) on the far side of
Lava continues to erupt at a high rate from
Filter Total Items: 120
USGS To Track Coral Larvae Off Maui (archive)
An unprecedented experiment to track the travel route of microscopic coral larvae will be conducted off the coast of Maui from June 29 to July 5 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Hawai'i, the Hawaiian Division of Aquatic Resources, the Maui Ocean Center, and the University of Washington.
Twentieth Anniversary of Kilauea Eruption (archive)
On January 3, 2003, Kilauea Volcano, perhaps the world's most active volcano on the Island of Hawai`i, will have been erupting continuously for 20 years. Since the eruption began in 1983, lava flows have covered 43 square miles of the volcano, added nearly 550 acres to the island, created local volcanic air pollution known as "vog," and drawn millions of people to experience and enjoy volcan
On January 3, 2003, Kilauea Volcano, perhaps the world's most active volcano on the Island of Hawai`i, will have been erupting continuously for 20 years. Since the eruption began in 1983, lava flows have covered 43 square miles of the volcano, added nearly 550 acres to the island, created local volcanic air pollution known as "vog," and drawn millions of people to experience and enjoy...
USGS Studies Cast Major Doubts on Geologic Theory of How Volcanic Regions Created: Mantle Plumes May Be Nonexistent After All (archive)
Standard fare in geology textbooks and school classrooms across the world is that the hot springs, geysers and volcanoes of Yellowstone National Park, Hawaii, Iceland, and many other volcanic regions were "created" by plumes of hot rock that rise from near the Earth's core. New results from recently published U.S. Geological Survey research hint, astonishingly, that such plumes may not exist.
USGS Releases Atlas of Natural Hazards of Hawaii's Coastal Areas (archive)
When most people think of Hawaii, they think of a tranquil tropical paradise. But savvy Hawaiians know better: an old proverb says that "when the gales blow, the sea is white-backed; when the sea rises, corals are washed ashore."
New Lava From Kilauea Volcano Entering the Sea (archive)
Lava flows from the Pu`u `O`o vent on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii are entering the sea and are rapidly adding new land to the coast, according to the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The USGS Web site http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/ features near real time lava flow updates as well as photographs.
USGS Web Site Features Daily Lava Flow Updates and Photographs
Lava flows from the Pu`u `O`o vent on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii are entering the sea and are rapidly adding new land to the coast, according to the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
A First: Endangered Puaiohi Birds Fledge Four Chicks in the Wild (archive)
A highly endangered native Hawaiian bird species has taken a small but significant step back from the brink of extinction. USGS biologists monitoring 14 captive-reared puaiohi released into the wild earlier this year by The Peregrine Fund say the birds are nesting and have already fledged four young.
USGS Finds Palila Population Remaining Stable (archive)
A small population of the endangered Hawaiian bird, palila, is holding steady on the western slopes of Mauna Kea volcano.
Large Earthquakes Are Hazards to be Reckoned With in Hawaii; Could Affect Building Codes, According to USGS Researcher (archive)
The term "geologic hazards" in Hawaii generally means volcanic eruptions and lava flows. A hazard that might not come to mind is the possibility of earthquakes, as large as magnitude-eight, under the flanks of the active volcanoes, according to Fred Klein, a seismologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif.
Seismic Crisis Over, But Hazards Remain At Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (archive)
Air quality conditions at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park remain potentially hazardous today (Feb. 2, 1996) in the wake of an upwelling of molten lava at Kilauea volcano yesterday.
PIERC News
USGS News: Hawaii
Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
Hawaii, HI 96718
Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center
2525 Correa Rd
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
PO Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Drive
Hawaii National Park, HI 96781
askHVO@usgs.gov
O'ahu Field Station
1845 Wasp Blvd
Bldg 176
National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station
300 Ala Moana Blvd
Stephen Anthony
Center Director
USGS Pacific Islands Water Science Center
Email: santhony@usgs.gov
Renee Breeden
Biological Laboratory Technician
National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station
Email: rbreeden@usgs.gov
Travis W Hylton
Associate Center Director
Email: thylton@usgs.gov
Brian L Loving
Assistant Center Director
Email: bloving@usgs.gov
Robert Rameyer
Email: bob_rameyer@usgs.gov
Thierry M Work
Wildlife Disease Specialist
Email: thierry_work@usgs.gov


As two close friends drive home on a dark abandoned road, a horrific accident by the side of the road derails their otherwise joyous journey home.
Born in 1990, Omid Shams began his film education at the Iranian Youth Cinema Society and went on to study cinema at the Iranian National School of Cinema. Omid has made several short films since the beginning of his career in filmmaking.
Birthday Night was screened at the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival as well as many other established festivals around the globe.


With the release of his debut album, "The Right Place", Sean Bertram has introduced the world to his unique and captivating style.
A guitarist first, and lyricist second, his music is as personal as it is poetic, weaving fresh, interesting melodies and harmonies through thought provoking lyrics that you wouldn't expect to have been written by a 19 year old.
With talent and emotional wisdom well beyond his years, we've only scratched the surface of what Sean Bertram can bring to the table with this exciting debut.
Listen to Sean Bertram now.


Ready to celebrate your wedding? Custom made invitations can let the world know you've found the one! These flat cards are perfect for including as inserts for formal invitations or as stand-alone save the date cards.


A visual from the elle EP.
"Ascension" appeared earlier this year through Ryan Hemsworth's Secret Songs label. "There's no real pop structure in the songs I make," RYAN Playground noted at the time. "I've heard a lot of comments about my music not being structured with verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge or something like that. But that's not what I want to make. I want to do it differently." "Ascension" opens with pleasantly atmospheric sounds: chimes, something resembling bird calls.
In the clip for the song, the camera tracks the producer as she climbs the stairs to a dark rooftop. Initially there are grainy crackles in the footage; these are soon replaced by spindly lines of animation, and the frame starts bursting with neon lights. The video is directed by Malo (Silverstag); watch above.


Welcome to the Ship's Store.
Swag - here you can purchase Association hats, burgees, books, etc.
After you click to add an item to your shopping cart, you will need to click on the "Shopping cart" link in the User Menu at the top of the page, in order to check out and pay for your purchase.
Our Chandler accepts payment using major credit cards via Paypal. Even if you don't have a Paypal account, you can purchase items in our store.


text:
package blended.util.config

import com.typesafe.config.Config

import scala.jdk.CollectionConverters._

trait ConfigAccessor {

  protected def configStringMap(config : Config, key : String) : Option[Map[String, String]] =
    if (config.hasPath(key)) {
      val cfg = config.getObject(key)
      Option(cfg.keySet().asScala.map { k =>
        k -> config.getString(s"$key.$k")
      }.toMap)
    } else {
      None
    }

  protected def configConfigMap(config : Config, key : String) : Option[Map[String, Config]] =
    if (config.hasPath(key)) {
      val cfg = config.getObject(key)
      val cfgC = cfg.toConfig()
      Option(cfg.keySet().asScala.map { k =>
        k -> cfgC.getConfig(k)
      }.toMap)
    } else {
      None
    }

  protected def configConfigList(config : Config, key : String) : Option[List[Config]] =
    if (config.hasPath(key)) {
      Some(config.getConfigList(key).asScala.toList)
    } else {
      None
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dwight Howard tried recruiting Sixers' Danny Green to return to Lakers
Sanjesh Singh
The Los Angeles Lakers developed a trend during free agency in terms of bringing back free agents who had previously played for the franchise.
Trevor Ariza, Wayne Ellington and Kent Bazemore were three of the early signings for L.A. that all had stints with the team in the past.
Another signing was Dwight Howard, who returned to Los Angeles for the third time. Howard played a crucial role at center for L.A. during their championship run in 2020, but he wasn't the only Laker from that squad who could've come back.
During Danny Green's recent press conference with the Philadelphia 76ers, he revealed Howard tried recruiting him to come to L.A. again, via Ky Carlin of Sixers Wire:
Green, however, stayed with the 76ers on a two-year deal worth $20 million, which is a salary the Lakers couldn't offer Green this summer.
The 34-year-old guard would've likely returned to a starting role with L.A., but that won't be the case anymore.
Besides Ellington, the Lakers inked guards Kendrick Nunn and Malik Monk to deals while re-signing Talen Horton-Tucker to a three-year contract.


I am running for SC House of Representatives District 46 because I believe I can help. In every position or job, I have ever had, from Boy Scout to Troop Leader, Private to Sergeant, from Newspaper boy to AT&T Manager, and from child to father, I have given my best effort. That is a carryover from an Oath I took as a child that stays with me in life.
I am a native South Carolinian who has a deep-rooted connection to the military and veterans. My father, Abram Dicks Jr was a career Soldier who was part of the integration of the Services in 1950. This connection to duty, honor, and service is a driving force in my daily life.
Thank you for considering me as your choice for South Carolina State Representative, District 46.
I am the Change you can Trust!
PAID FOR BY THE CARL K. DICKS FOR SOUTH CAROLINA HOUSE SEAT 46 COMMITTEE.