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Numismatic Market Reports
2018 Rare Coin Market Report
2018 PNG Annual Numismatic Market Update
At the end of each year, the Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG) conducts an annual update on the Numismatic Rare Coin Market. The PNG estimates the U.S. rare coin market was over $4 billion in 2018. That was a significant rise from 2017, which was between $3.4 and $3.8 billion for auctions and direct sales, but not including sales by the United States Mint or bullion coins, such as gold and silver American Eagles. The U.S. Mint itself was responsible for about $3 billion of bullion and collectible coin sales. When factoring in U.S. and world paper money and bullion from other sources besides the U.S. Mint, the numismatic business in the U.S. easily exceeds $8 billion annually and is growing.
The finest known rare coins set auction price records, while easily available lower grade coins declined in value over the last year. United States rare coins selling for $50,000 or more, and those selling for $500 or less, generally did well during the last year. Four significant, historic vintage U.S. coins and three 19th century U.S. bank notes sold for $1 million or more each during the year in public auctions and several other U.S. rare coins reportedly were purchased for $1 million or more in private transactions.
Even though investment money that may have gone into numismatic purchases went into the booming stock market in early 2018, the overall demand for extremely rare investor-collector coins rose later in the year, and the rare coin market looks promising in 2019. With the stock market dropping during the fourth quarter of 2018 there was an increase in interest in the rare coin market with some people taking profits from stocks and buying coins that have proven to show sizable and consistent increases in value over the years, as well as buying precious metals.
Two auction companies, Heritage Auctions, and Stack's Bowers Galleries, accounted for over 70% of the overall totals, with Heritage reporting the largest amount of U.S. coins sold at auction during 2018, was approximately $187 million. Below are the aggregate prices realized for U.S. coins sold at major public auctions over the last several years.
• 2018 totaled $345 million
Key Date & Rarities Index
Source: PCGS 2018
Ever since U.S. coin collecting became a hobby, most coin enthusiasts have sought to complete, or nearly complete, a set of a particular type of U.S. coins. The scarcest and most desired coins in sets are the "Key Dates," some of which have become legendary. "Key date" coins are coins in each series that are usually the most valuable, often the rarest and hardest to find. They tend to have higher price appreciation than their common-date counterparts. Key date coins are considered the "Blue Chips" of rare coins because collectors want and need those to complete a rare coin set, increasing key date value. The impressive higher grade "choice" key date examples are even more desired and more valuable than lower grade key dates.
Key dates and rarities should remain a focus for all high end rare coin investors. Because they are seldom seen in the market, those coins which are a key to finishing a set have tremendous appeal for collectors, regardless of their quality. Demand is always strong and, therefore, price sustainability and upward price pressure is present even when the overall coin market is soft.
A very common question for both coin collectors and investors is, "What coins should I buy?" All U.S. coinage series have certain dates that are difficult to obtain. For example:
Low mintages or short run varieties
Low survival rate in higher grades
Mass meltings with low survivors
Condition rarities, like poor strikings
Mint errors, like double dies
Uncirculated coins in higher grades
Popular series/date that become scarce
U.S. Ultra-Rarities Index
The prices for rare United States coins have risen dramatically over the past 50 years, and experienced collectors and dealers of these U.S. coins have known that values and prices for high-end U.S. rarities have outpaced the coin market as a whole and outperformed traditional indexes like the Dow Jones and the S&P 500.
In 2014 the Professional Coin Grading Service published a 44-year price history of the ten most famous United States Coin rarities. The PCGS "Ultra-Rarities Index," is a price history index from 1970 to 2014. The results confirmed that an investment in any one of these notable numismatic iconic coins would have proven to be fantastic investment!
All ten coins were indexed to 1,000 as of January, 1970 and by October 2013, the composite index stood at 63,271.9, or an increase of just over sixty-three times (6300%).
The 100 Greatest U.S. Coins
Source: Whitman Publishing 2015
The "100 Greatest U.S. Coins" book, by Jeff Garrett, and published by Whitman Publishing, is one of the most popular publications in the rare coin marketplace. These top-100 coins are the greatest US rare coins to buy and own in the view of an esteemed panel of top numismatists and significant market-makers. Members of the Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG) were polled on which are the greatest U.S. coins. Each coin in this book was voted into place by leading coin dealers, researchers and historians.
There is a price history of The 100 Greatest U.S. Coins, from 1960 to 2015, which was the last publication date and fourth edition of print. The most remarkable results of this pricing history over 55 years is that these same 100 Greatest U.S. Coins that were valued at approximately $860K in 1960, were valued at over $170 Million in 2015.
Price History of the 100 Greatest U.S. Coins from 1960 to 2015.
• 1960 = $860,700.
• 1980 = $11,261,150.
• 2003 (1st Edition) = $66,135,000.
• 2005 (2nd Edition) = $90,935,500.
• 2008 (3rd Edition) = $140,073,250.
• 2015 (4th Edition) = $170,867,750.
Mark Salzberg, chairman of Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC), notes that even though the 100 greatest U.S. coins are valuable, they're undervalued in the broader context of rare collectibles. In the 2015 fourth edition, Salzberg stated, "The 250 highest prices paid for U.S. coins at auction total just less than $250 million in value," Salzberg writes. "In context, that is a bit less than the sales price of the most valuable painting ever sold, Paul Cezanne's The Card Players."
Knight Frank Wealth Report
Source: KFLII 2016
The Knight Frank Luxury Investment Index (KFLII), which tracks the performance of a theoretical basket of selected collectible asset classes using existing third-party indexes. Rare coins recorded a 13 percent rise in 2015, higher than 2014's 10 percent expansion.
The value of rare coins exchanging hands in the U.S. alone was worth between $4-5 billion last year, estimated Stanley Gibbons Investment (SGI), the firm behind the Stanley Gibbons 200 Index that Knight Frank references. Investment-grade coins typically boast the potential to appreciate in value, irrespective of what's happening in financial or precious metal markets, SGI explains on its website.
Numismatic rare coins returned 232% over the decade. In the long term, rare coins maintained its top-tier status in luxury investments, finishing second to classic cars over the last five years, gaining 92%. Over 10-years, rare coins finished in third place, with an increase of 232% in value. As incomes grow here and abroad, the future looks strong for rare coins and collectibles. As individuals in emerging markets become wealthier, Knight-Frank expects to see the number of coin collector's increase as well. Rare coins represent a safe tangible asset investment and is a respected status asset that is highly desirable among the wealthy.
Case Study for Rare Coins
Source: Penn State 2014
The Penn State Rare Coin Study was a famous 35 year rare coin study (1979 – 2014) conducted by Dr. Raymond E. Lombra, Professor of Economics at Penn State University, and a consultant to the House Banking Committee of the U.S. Congress, the Federal Reserve System, the Congressional Budget Office, the Joint Economic Committee, Prudential Bache, Morgan-Stanley Dean Witter, the International Monetary Fund and the U.S. Treasury. This 35 year study extends several earlier studies prepared for the Joint Committee on Taxation of the U.S. House and Senate on the investment performance of gold and rare U.S. coins and is for the period January 1979 to December 2013. The analysis conducted by R. L. Associates, Penn State University, February 2014 focused on the longer run performance of gold and rare coins, both relative to each other and to the more typical array of traditional assets.
Asset Class Performance: High-quality coins and stocks had the highest returns over the past 35 years, despite the strong performance of gold over twelve of the previous thirteen years.
Average Annual % Returns:
• Gold Bullion 5.7%
• Treasury Bonds 8.4%
• Coins (all types-MS63-65) 10.4%
• Coins (all types-MS65) 12.2%
• Stocks 13.0%
Summary of Case Study Findings: In general, over the full 35 year period and the challenging 1987-2013 period, portfolio volatility is reduced by augmenting standard stock, bond and bill portfolios with small proportions of rare coins and/or gold. Over the last 35 years, high quality coins and stocks had the highest average annual returns. High-end rare gold coins can not only outperform stocks, but prove to be a great addition to an investment portfolio.
Numismatic Market Tips
Big Buck Billionaires Buying Coins
Rare Coin Market Trends
Over the last few years the rare coin market has been considered soft, as prices softened and/or stagnated. They appear by long-term market participants to be undervalued. The market has been tough to read, but it clearly begun to show some life in the last quarter of 2017 and there has been at times an impressive increase in rare coins sales, followed by weeks of stagnation in sales. However, at the high-end of the market, there has been coins selling at record prices. This has been because several billionaires have entered the market and have discovered one of the best keep secrets of the financially astute, numismatics. With the stock market strength and real estate boom, as well as, the economy at all-time highs, combined with low interest rates, affluent investors are looking to hard asset classes like rare coins. There have been incredible increases in net worth among the wealthy, and smart money has recently been selling-off their over-priced paper assets and buying underpriced tangible assets, like rare coins.
These wealthy collectors have found a fascination with the blend of history and economics that rare coin collecting offers as a storage of legacy wealth and personal enjoyment. Their timing couldn't have been better, as over the last several years a number of historic numismatic collections have hit the auction blocks, with coins that have been hidden away for generations. Several of these billionaire collectors have invested well over $100 million in their world-class collections. They can afford to spend more money on individual coins than an average collector could spend in a lifetime of collecting. And they are not just buying million-dollars coins, they are employing market strategies to actively build sets of United States, World and Ancient coins that will appreciate in value over time. They want the finest known coins available and will spend whatever it takes to own them. Plus, these billionaires are very competitive with one another and they want to have the very best sets in the set-registry programs. These serious collectors love the competition and recognition that set-registry collecting provides.
These individuals think that rare coins today are an underpriced asset class that is tied directly to financial history. When world-class art often sells for hundreds of millions of dollars, million dollar coins struck in precious metals, seems like a bargain to these affluent collectors and investors. Coupled with surprisingly low rare coin prices seen at auctions over the last few years, it seems like now is a good time to acquire these rarities. For example, the finest known 1913 Liberty Nickel sold at auction recently for around $4.5 million, however, it last sold for $5 million over ten years ago. Another example is the recent discovery of an 1854-S Half Eagle that generated tremendous press, but the coin sold for just a little over $2 million, well below what many Numismatists thought the coin would bring at auction.
The famous 1787 Brasher Doubloon, insured for $10 million was recently sold in a private transaction. The Doubloon was the first American gold coin, struck by the silversmith Ephraim Brasher, George Washington's New York City neighbor. The terms of the sale remain confidential, but you can imagine that someone with great wealth now owns the finest known example of this icon of early Americana and the world's most valuable coin.
Why the Financially Astute Buy Coins
Why are the financially astute spending their hard-earned money on coins? It's no secret that the financially astute have a serious interest in protecting their wealth and growing their money over time. Precious metals diversification is an important aspect of a well-balanced financial portfolio, and gold and silver coins are tangible assets that can play a critical role in asset appreciation and wealth management. There are many solid reasons why coins should be considered as part of a financial portfolio. Precious metal coins are often used as a safe haven asset to add security and preserve wealth.
Throughout human history, gold and silver coins have been coveted and collected for thousands of years. Often referred to as the "Hobby of Kings," it's been said that rare coins are the best-kept secret of the financially astute, and have historically been an important part in the financial portfolios of America's elite. The prices for rare coins have risen dramatically over the past 50 years, and the values and prices for high-end U.S. rarities have outpaced the coin market as a whole and outperformed many traditional investments over time.
Which Rare Coins to Collect?
The gambit of U.S rare coins spans 141 years, from when the U.S. Mint Act was signed by President George Washington in 1792, which was the beginning of our Nation's first official coinage… to the Gold Recall Act, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, making it illegal to own gold, except for rare and collectible coins. There are many U.S. rare coins available for any budget. Below are just a few of some popular old coins.
Click the image below to learn more about popular U.S. rare coins to collect.
Why Rare Coins Right Now?
Timing is Everything When Buying Rare Coins
The recent volatility in the equity markets have served as a reminder how uncertain leveraged markets can become when negative sentiment sets in. It also reminds us that when equities slide it often translates into support for metal prices. This recent reminder send gold spot prices and gold shares soaring with little inflows of significant cash. This should be viewed as a strong reminder that instead of being dragged lower by a sliding stock market, the precious metals sector should soar if a sustained stock market drop prevailed. As I stated in my report earlier this year, I believe stagflation remains a real risk as time rolls on. If I am correct, the timing to purchase rare coins and precious metals appears to be now due to the weakness over the past three years.
There are many good reasons to look to rare coins as a store of wealth. Collecting rare coins is one of the oldest hobbies with the first coins dating back nearly 3,000 years ago and it is often referred to as the "Hobby of Kings." Today, collecting rare coins is both popular and affordable, with a wide range of collectible rare U.S. coins suited for any budget. Below are some good reasons to consider acquiring rare coins now.
Market Size: The history of the U.S. rare coin market began from humble beginnings in the mid-19th century and has steadily developed into a 21st century numismatic market with annual sales in excess of $10 billion.
Collector Base: The rare coin market has strong and stable collector base, estimated at over 35 million people who have interest in collecting rare coins and currency, which continues to create consistent demand.
Portfolio Diversification: Rare coins provide diversification as a tangible asset' and creates a hedge against inflation. Unlike stocks and other paper investments, rare coins will always have an intrinsic value, as well as, collector value. Its asset value is not encumbered or dependent upon a promise or ability to perform.
Liquid Asset: Rare U.S. coins have high liquidity and have become one of the most liquid collectibles due to independent grading by PCGS and NGC, with documented population reports and rare coin price guides.
Asset Affordability: Truly classic U.S. rare coins can be acquired in all budgets, from copper to silver and gold. There are many various types of old coins in many different grade conditions to fit almost every budget.
Private Ownership: Rare coins enjoy no governmental IRS reporting requirements or confiscation concerns. Rare coins struck before 1933 can be safely owned without reporting and are a private storage of wealth.
Tax Simplicity: Rare coins are desirable as a management-free investment that doesn't require market reports and complex tax statements. There is no annual asset taxation and can only be taxed once profits are realized.
Easily Transportable: Rare coins are very portable and can be carried in your pockets, or fit into small boxes. Substantial wealth can easily be stored securely or transferred anywhere confidentially.
Enjoyable Asset: Rare coin collecting is fun and can be a great source of enjoyment, plus rare coin investing has been an appreciating tangible asset, which has shown steady growth over the centuries.
What Makes Rare Coins Rare?
Rare Coin Collecting Criteria
Rare coins are tangible time machines that can take you back to a moment in history. Every coin tells a story, it's like holding history in your hands. They tell stories about the social and economic issues prominent in the times in which they were minted. Countless provide images of those figures who were rulers, both kind and cruel. Literally portraits of historical figures such as Julius Caesar, Cleopatra, and countless others adorn thousands of coins over the past two plus centuries. Rare coin collectors are custodians of numismatic, social and economic history. Rare coins were minted long before any of us today and will live on for future generations to explore. While these little treasures are old, not all coins are "rare." Old coins have many important attributes that makes them rare, here are just a few…
Rarity: Rare coins are usually in high demand over common coins, due to low mintages or limited numbers of survivors. Very few modern coins are rare. Prices of true rarities with popular demand have shown impressive value increases over time and often outperform other asset classes. Population and census reports offer fairly accurate data in determining the rarity of a coin's survival rate.
Value: Rare coins have shown impressive value increases over time. The spectrum of values for rare coins can run from hundreds to millions of dollars each. A good rule of thumb is to purchase the finest quality coins that one can afford. This strategy has proven to provide the highest increases in value in the long run.
Condition: The vast majorities of rare coins are in good quality condition. Standardized coin grading from the two top tier graders, PCGS and NGC, take the guess work out of personal opinions. With rare coins, usually, the higher the grade, the higher the price.
Beauty: The aesthetics of eye appeal involved in a rare coins' greatness are apparent, as they are often considered pieces of monetary art that are sealed forever in precious metals. The intricacy of the design, strike, color, toning and overall beauty, determine value and appeal of every rare coin.
History: Rare coins are tied to moments in history and have great stories to tell. Many rare coins have an important provenance from previous owners, or are wonderful treasures from famous hoards or shipwrecks. Historically significant rare coins with a pedigree or story to tell are always in demand due to their rich history.
Popularity: Rare coins that have mass appeal and strong demand, tend to have long-term sustainability and good potential for price appreciation. Collectors should seek out those rarities that enjoy rarity, popularity and historically significant stories or images. By employing this trilogy as the blue print for an acquisition a collector is putting themselves in the best position for the value of their holdings to increase over time.
How To Collect Rare Coins
Set-Building, the Key to Rare Coin Collecting
When collecting old United States rare coins, the key is to purchase the highest quality coins one can afford. There are many different denominations, coin types, and rare dates that qualify as investment grade quality rare coins. There are a variety of ways in which to collect rare U.S. coins. Below are seven of the most popular and interesting ways to assemble a rare coin collection for the novice to advanced collector when building sets of U.S. Rare Coins.
Collecting Denomination Series: Many rare coin collectors endeavor to build complete sets of within a specific denomination or design types of rare coins, such as $20 gold Double Eagles or Morgan Silver Dollars.
Collecting Variety Type Coins: Some collectors wish to acquire just one nice example of each rare coin in a specific series by coin variety type, like Double Eagles in Type-I, Type-II, Type-III and Saint Gaudens varieties.
Collecting by Die Variety: A more advanced way to collect types is by different die varieties. When old cracked dies became too warn, they were replaced, creating different die varieties, some which are very rare.
Collecting by Mint Marks: Rare coin collectors often collect coins by mint location, like Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, Denver and Carson City. Building a mint-set within a date or series is very rewarding.
Collecting by Date: Assembling a date set of rare coins from a specific year or era, like the Civil War, can be quite exciting. A carefully assembled, well-matched date set is highly desirable within the market.
Collecting Proofs: Collecting proof coins is at the top of rare coin collecting, because they were minted in small numbers on specially polished dies. Building high quality proof sets, particularly dates prior to 1900 can be challenging and rewarding.
Collecting Specialty Sets: There are some fun specialty sets that rare coin collectors assemble by personal preference. Some popular sets are a shipwreck treasure sets, Gold Rush sets and a Civil War sets.


An Old-School Gaming Sourcebook for High-Level OSR Play. Free-to-use! Destined for CC-BY! Out Now!
67 backers pledged $1,951 to help bring this project to life.
The Dreams of Ruin is a 224+ page roleplaying game sourcebook, initially published in pdf format. Its author is Geoffrey C. Grabowski, developer of the first two editions of Exalted, as well as a writer for dozens of RPG sourcebooks.
The topic is a dark, haunted magical forest, the Forest of Woe. In addition to being a location of adventure, it is also a world-threatening infestation whose growth threatens the very heart of reality. The Dreams are both a source of quests and danger, and a campaign-spanning enemy suitable for challenging parties of even the highest level, including even young demigods, heroes and other lesser immortals.
"I can't really say I've ever seen anything quite like this for the OSR, especially nothing that so thoroughly supports extremely high-level PC play." - Kevin Crawford, author of Stars Without Number, Other Dust, Red Tide, and other games at Sine Nomine Publishing.
The Dreams of Ruin is an "event book" compatible with Labyrinth Lord and Mutant Future and usable with almost any old-school gaming system. It details a threat multiple worlds in scope, that can easily destroy nations and destroy even the most powerful party of adventurers.
The Dreams of Ruin is the result of mixing Geoffrey's interests in gardening, accounting and his love for Moldvay's version of the rules for classic fantasy gaming. It's a gaiden of a larger project, Eumenides, that Geoffrey has been working on off-and-on for about a decade. However, Mr. Grabowski felt that The Dreams of Ruin had enough substance to merit a treatment of its own, and offers it here for the discerning gamer.
This is art done for its own sake, whose purpose arrived from the heart. An expertly crafted and uniquely personal effort, drawing inspiration from the ruined heart of America's industrial northeast.
The book is written using the Labyrinth Lord and Mutant Future open gaming license product. These products are Old School Revival (OSR) systems from Goblinoid Games. Goblinoid Games presents these retrogaming systems under an extraordinary open development license that lets independent creators harness OSR rules for their own creative projects, free of charge. In the opinion of the TG Ventures team, Goblinoid Games' systems are the pre-eminent choice for independent OSR development projects.
We offer quite an archive to backers!
9 Tech Trees, Handouts and Reference Guides!
The Rules to Two Complete Games!
All the rules needed to play are included in the archive! Complimentary no-art editions of all three books used by the Dreams of Ruin are provided courtesy of Goblinoid Games!
BUT WAIT YOU COULD MAKE THERE BE MORE!
Putting the original edited manuscript and full resolution copies of the art in the package are goals between our initial Kickstarter goal and $109k, as is adding some additional material.
We're going to release the book into free circulation under a CC-NC-ND-BY license on May 15th. That means, you are free to circulate it, but you can't use it for commercial purposes, you can't create derivative works, and you have to attribute it.
Also, in 14 years, the material will also convert to CC-BY. If we can't sell $100,000 worth of books in 14 years, we don't need to keep trying, and everyone should get to play with the material regardless of our weak mercantile skills.
We're also going to Kickstart to bring the time down as the money raised goes up. Some of our various stretch goals between our initial goal and the $100k point where the product goes CC-BY will be reductions in time terms.
Each unit has a retail price of $20. Kickstarter's cut works out to a 9% charge above and beyond that.
The Kickstarter will succeed at one unit sold - $22 (Kickstarter requires whole dollar amounts). The stretch goals unfold from there.
At fifty units sold, we will release the plaintext manuscript for the book, so that you can lay it out in any format you choose. The manuscript will be released under the same relaxing license as the book, and relax as the book relaxes.
At one hundred units sold, we'll release the full renders of the art for the book. The art will be released under the same relaxing license as the book and relax as the book relaxes.
At three hundred units sold, we'll release the business documents related to the sale of the book, so that you can replicated the funding model yourself. This includes the corporate charter for the LLC, the modified licenses, the contracts with the artists and the Assistant to the Production, our back-end financials, and other material which might aid you in cloning this process for your own project.
At five hundred units, we'll lay out the book for publication as a bound physical book, and release that version under the same relaxing license as the original.
At seven hundred and fifty units sold, the license will relax to allow derivative works to be made. This means that fan-edits, clipped sections of the pdf, and other derivative works can be circulated freely (as in beer) under the same strictures as the original product. Commercial re-use will not be relaxed at this level.
At one thousand units sold, the term of copyright will drop from 14 years (as originally described) to five, meaning that book (and related package) will enter the commons (CC-BY) on May 15, 2020, just five short years away.
At fifteen-hundred units sold, the copyright term will drop again, from five years down to three. The book (and related package) will enter the commons on May 15, 2018.
Additionally, we will release two additional Special Encounters - creatures or groups of creatures which the forest has attracted from across dimensions - to round out the seven Special Encounters already in the book. These encounters are the Astral Griefers and the Ghoul Pack. These encounters will be released by October 2015.
At two thousand units sold, Connor Sites-Bowen will write and release The Northern Tier, a supplemental package which describes a shadowy modern organization which may be suited to combat (or perhaps study and observe) the Dreams of Ruin.
This package will consist of a 20,000+ word sourcebook, handout templates (research documents, reports, memos and the like), a papercraft shipping container suitable for 1' grid combat, and other documents.
Regardless of the final disposition of the Dreams of Ruin's relaxing license, the Northern Tier material will be released immediately as CC-BY or OGL material (as appropriate). This material will be completed and released by October 2015.
At twenty-five hundred units sold, we will release the secondary and tertiary art related to the promotion of the book. This includes the Winter in America series, a photo-documentation of urban decay, as well as Winter on the Mon, a series documenting the ruined landscapes of the Monongahela valley, just outside Pittsburgh. This material will be released immediately, and be licensed CC-BY immediately.
At three thousand units sold, the copyright term will shorten to one year. The Dreams of Ruin and all above-mentioned works will become CC-BY on May 15, 2016.
At thirty-five hundred units sold, the copyright term will shorten to six months. The Dreams of Ruin and all above-mentioned works will become CC-BY on November 15, 2015, just in time for the holidays.
Additionally, we will release thirty print-and-play pawns of the various monsters and hazards within the dreams, as well as ten geomorphic (able to be tiled in combination) 10x7 map tiles of generic areas within the dreams, suitable for 1' grid combat. These will be released as CC-BY, and completed no later than October 2015.
At four thousand units sold, we will release a series of short stories set within the Dreams of Ruin. These will be by Geoffrey C Grabowski and others, and will total at least 20,000 words. These will be released under the same licensing terms as the book, and per the 3500-unit stretch goal, become CC-BY on November 15, 2015 at the latest. They will be completed and released by October 2015 in any case.
At forty-five hundred units, we will commission six more full-page artworks and add them to the book. These will be completed and released by October 2015, and like the other work listed above, become CC-BY on November 15, 2015, or earlier, per the 3500-unit stretch goal.
At five thousand units sold, the book, the art, the stretch goal material listed above, and all other documents and works related to The Dreams of Ruin will become CC-BY - attribution only.
At this point, the material will be as close to The Commons as the OGL and Creative Commons licensing structures allow. Not only will you be free to use them in your game, you will be free to compose commercial work based on them, sell copies of the printed book, use the art in your own work, or do any other creative endeavor using the material, as long as the works are attributed appropriately.
WHAT HAPPENS IF WE RAISE MORE THAN 109K?
All the excess will spill through directly to the professional staff and to charity. My upside is limited to $100k ($100K - $9K in kickstarter fees).
Every dollar above that I pull during crowdfunding will go to the artists, editor, promo tech, or a local charity (probably Love Front Porch, which is a local art and literacy charity in a troubled neighborhood near where I live).
Geoffrey is a writer and sculptor from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has interests in managerial accounting, permaculture, structured finance and the construction of legitimacy. He is currently preparing to sit for the Uniform CPA Exam. He was the developer of Exalted from 2000 to 2005, and is a huge OSR nerd.
Connor is a CMU graduate who lives, loves, and works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is employed in logistics and project management at a regional nonprofit. He is an enthusiastic gamer and student of media culture.
Ziggy Edwards is the proud owner of a loft bed. Away from her day job as an editor, she edits. Her poems and short stories have appeared in publications including 5 AM, Confluence, Main Street Rag, Illumen, and Dreams and Nightmares.
Mel Uran's been a dedicated scribble wrangler since the 90's. Amongst her notable works are a number of White Wolf titles, such as Exalted and Kindred of the East, and work for Exhibit A Press, Upper Deck, and Perna Studios.
Ted Pertzborn is a long haired, tattooed, metal head of Irish-German descent with an exceptional grasp of colorful vulgarity. He also happens to be a lifelong artist in numerous media, including comic books, graphic design, illustration, painting in oils, acrylics and digitally, and playing bass guitar.
Heidi Richardson-Evans is a rogue elf, foul-mouthed mom, and artist. She blogs about creativity, parenthood, and her experiences as an 'anatomical non-comformist' at daisybones.com.
A. Bleys Ingram is an illustrator, sculptor and maker from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has two wonderful sons and no time.
You can find more information at our website, or follow us on twitter.
The Kickstarter has thankfully few risks or challenges. We did not want to damage our reputation by leaving our funders waiting for a prolonged period without a product. Accordingly, we waited until the book was completed before we moved to Kickstart the project.
All text is finished and edited, all art is received and paid for in full, all layout is already completed. All the graphic aids are finished. The only work remaining is resolving the page XXs and composing the index.
The book is live as of May 11, see the link above.
Short of the project team dying in a mass casualty event, the book will be released on May 15th.
The supplemental materials (if any) will be done and released by October 2015.
One step on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to back at the "retail price".
The book will be released free (as in beer) May 15th. Any new material (see Stretch Goals) will be released before October 2015.
Two steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to back at TWICE the "retail price".
Five steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to back at FIVE TIMES the "retail price".
Ten steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to back at TEN TIMES the "retail price".
Twenty steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to back at TWENTY TIMES the "retail price".
Fifty steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to make a big dent in that licencing. This is fifty times "retail price", and 1% towards the final goal.
ONE HUNDRED steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to make a big dent in that licencing. This is ONE HUNDRED times "retail price", and 2% towards the final goal.
TWO HUNDRED steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin, and want to make a big dent in that licencing. This is TWO HUNDRED times "retail price", and 4% towards the final goal.
FOUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY EIGHT steps on the road to open licencing.
You love the Dreams of Ruin more than anyone else, and want to make a huge dent in that licencing. This is NEARLY FIVE HUNDRED times "retail price", and almost 10% towards the final goal. You've guaranteed some awesome stretch goals for everyone, including your bad self.


Intatrim is a family run company established in 1990, working from a purpose built workshop and showroom in Telford, Shropshire. The company provides a part / full interior trimming service from simple rip and tear repairs to full leather interior upgrade.
Intatrim also provide a full range of fibre glass bucket seats and have a world wide customer base exporting not only in to Europe but over to Canade, USA and South Africa.
Customers are welcome to visit the showroom by prior appointment where you can 'try brfore you buy' the seats or to discuss trimming requirements and browse through material samples. To arrange an appointment or make further enquiries just contact us.


After St. Mary's County government received a number of comments from citizens about the January 2016 draft proposal of the Mattapany Rural Legacy Area, the boundary has been revised. Citizens can review and discuss the changes from 6 to 7:30 pm Aug. 4.
Patuxent River Naval Air Station has been named the 2015 Personal Excellence Partnership Flagship award winner in the Large Shore category.
Category Pax River News · Tags Capt. Heidi Fleming, NAS: Patuxent River, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Pax River, PEP Flagship Award, VADM Robert L. Thomas Jr.
Members of the Leadership Southern Maryland Class of 2016 enjoyed the second of nine education programs for their class by learning about the Defense Industry in November.
The Five-Year Review ensures remedial actions continue to provide adequate protection of human health and the environment. It is available for review at the Lex Park & Pax River libraries.
Whatever the weather, Pax River Base gate sentries are there 24/7.
Eject from your work station to the PAX Museum for Decompression Night Nov. 14. See ejection seat exhibit, Appetizers, wine, beer. 301-863-1900.
The new Child Development Center at PAX River Naval Air Station opened last month.
The Bowles Farms corn maze opens Sept. 28 and this year highlights 70 years of Pax River Naval Air Station.
The remediation plan will be presented at a public meeting July 31st to present the clean-up proposal, answer questions and gather public comment. Comments will be accepted from July 3 – Aug. 1.


This week on TWiP: Monkeys taking self portraits, AP gets tough on photo manipulation, and Steve Simon discovers Facebook.
TWiP #205 – Big Brother in Your Camera?
TWiP #195 – iPad for Professional Photography?
Is the iPad becoming a serious photographer's tool?, in-camera re-touching for point-and-shoots, and an interview with self-portrait photographer Natalie Dybisz.


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Aviation, aviation attorney, aviation attorney, aviation, aviation law, aviation lawyer, aviation law, aviation lawyer, Commercial Litigation, Forum non conveniens
Pennsylvania Court Takes New Approach in Forum Non Conveniens Dispute
January 11, 2017 olsonbrooksby
On December 5, 2016, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania denied the appeal of a trial court decision to grant a forum non conveniens motion to dismiss claims brought by European family members following a fatal plane crash. The court rejected the idea that plaintiffs' choice of forum should be given "overwhelming deference." The court also appears to have adopted an approach favoring the qualitative comparison of categories of evidence available in the U.S. and in the alternative foreign forum. Bochetto, et al., v Dimeling, Schreiver & Park, et al., 2016 PA Super 272, Lexis 729 (Dec. 5, 2016).
The case arose from the crash of a twin-engine Piper PA-34-220T Seneca V on September 15, 2009 near Castro Verde, Portugal. The aircraft, which was manufactured by Piper Aircraft in Florida, crashed during a nighttime training exercise, killing the three occupants including a Spanish flight instructor, a student pilot who was a Dutch citizen, and a student pilot with dual Dutch-Australian citizenship. The case was initially filed in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia. The plaintiffs alleged claims based on strict products liability, negligence, breach of express and implied warranties, fraud and civil conspiracy against 14 defendants, all of whom were located in the United States.
The manufacturer and some defendants filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to a Pennsylvania statute recognizing the doctrine of forum non conveniens, Pa.C.S. § 5322(e). Defendants argued that the aircraft was maintained in Portugal, the pilot was trained in Portugal, the underlying accident occurred in Portugal, the Portuguese government conducted the accident investigation, and all of the non-party witnesses and relevant documents were in Portugal, all of the decedents were from Europe, and the real parties in interest were from Europe. The plaintiffs opposed the motion, countering that all the evidence related to the design and manufacture of the aircraft was located in the United States, the negligence claims against the foreign defendants were untenable, and the flight school had a strong presence in the United States.
The trial court granted the motion, and the plaintiffs appealed. Citing Pennsylvania law and Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454 U.S. 235, 257–58 (1981), The Superior Court of Pennsylvania held that the trial court erred when it limited its discussion to those forum non conveniens factors that were specific to Pennsylvania, and did not address the network of connections to the United States as a whole. 2016 PA Super 272, Lexis 729 at *6.
The plaintiffs argued that they were due greater deference in their choice of forum in this case because "the choice was between Portugal, where no defendant or plaintiff is located, and the United States where all of the defendants reside, where the evidence supporting plaintiffs' claims is maintained, and where the misconduct causing the accident occurred." 2016 PA Super 272, Lexis 729 at *17.
The appellate court reasoned that although the plaintiffs were correct that their home countries of Spain, the Netherlands, and Australia may not present the most convenient forums, that did not mean that plaintiffs had "free choice" of any other forum since in a global case such as this, no one jurisdiction may stand out as convenient. The trial court was required to give some deference but not overwhelming deference to plaintiffs' choice of forum.
The court analyzed the trial court's methodology in balancing public and private interests, and noted that the trial court did conclude that some items weighed in favor of an American forum. For example, evidence relating to aircraft design, original and subsequent American owners, and maintenance before the plane was sold to a European company were all located in the United States. The appellate court looked approvingly on the trial court's comparison of the availability of other categories of evidence, such as the location of evidence related to more recent aircraft maintenance and pilot error in Portugal. The more relevant evidence was the documentation of maintenance and upkeep after the aircraft was sold to the Belgian company that leased it to the Portuguese flight school. By engaging in such a qualitative assessment of the evidence and its importance, rather than merely counting up items in a list, the appellate court found that the district court did not abuse its discretion and affirmed the dismissal of plaintiffs' case. 2016 PA Super 272, Lexis 729 at * 22.
Aviation litigationforum non conveniensmanufacturingPennsylvaniaPortland aviation lawPortland aviation lawyerPortland aviation litigationPortland litigation attorneysPortland litigators

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