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Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
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The Pacific Region has nine USGS Science Centers in California, Nevada, and Hawaii. The Regional Office, headquartered in Sacramento, provides Center oversight and support, facilitates internal and external collaborations, and works to further USGS strategic science directions.
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Photo and Video Chronology – Kīlauea – January 15, 2021
The eruption in Halema'uma'u at Kīlauea's summit on the Island of Hawai'i continues, with the west vent erupting lava into the lava lake. Gas emissions and seismic activity at the summit remain elevated. HVO field crews—equipped with specialized safety gear and PPE—monitor the current eruption from within the closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park with NPS permission.
Attribution: Volcano Hazards Program Office, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Kīlauea
USGS HVO Information Statement —Magnitude-4.0 earthquake northeast of Pāhala, Island of Hawai'i
The U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) recorded a magnitude-4.0 earthquake located beneath the south part of the Island of Hawai'i, in the district of Kaʻū, on Thursday, January 14, at 6:15 p.m., HST.
Organic geochemical investigation of far‐field tsunami deposits of the Kahana Valley, O'ahu, Hawai'i
Far‐field tsunami deposits observed in the Kahana Valley, O'ahu, Hawai'i (USA), were investigated for their organic‐geochemical content. During short high‐energy events, (tsunamis and storms) organic and chemical components are transported with sediment from marine to terrestrial areas. This study investigates the use of anthropogenic based...
Bellanova, Piero; Frenken, Mike; Richmond, Bruce M.; Schwarzbauer, Jan; La Selle, Seanpaul; Griswold, Frances; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Nelson, Alan R.; Reicherter, Klaus
Attribution: Geologic Hazards Science Center, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Natural Hazards, Earthquake Hazards Program, Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin
Sedimentary evidence of prehistoric distant-source tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands
Over the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific "Ring of Fire" (e.g., Alaska-Aleutian, Kuril-Kamchatka, Chile, and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt deposited by tsunamis in low-lying areas along Pacific...
La Selle, Seanpaul; Richmond, Bruce M.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Nelson, Alan; Griswold, Frances; Arcos, Maria E.M.; Chague, Catherine; Bishop, James M.; Bellanova, Piero; Kane, Haunani H.; Lunghino, Brent D.; Gelfenbaum, Guy R.
Attribution: Geologic Hazards Science Center, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Earthquake Hazards Program, Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin
Seismic and geodetic progression of the 2018 summit caldera collapse of Kīlauea Volcano
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi, resulted in a major collapse of the summit caldera along with an effusive eruption in the lower East Rift Zone. The caldera collapse comprised 62 highly similar collapse cycles of strong ground deformation and earthquake swarms that ended with a magnitude 5 collapse event and one partial cycle that...
Tepp, Gabrielle; Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.; Shiro, Brian; Johanson, Ingrid; Thelen, Weston; Haney, Matthew M.
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Volcano Hazards Program Office
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Update of the Hawaii Seismic Hazard Model Workshop #2
Contacts: Allison M Shumway
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Earthquake Hazards Program
Coral Reef Project
Explore the fascinating undersea world of coral reefs. Learn how we map, monitor, and model coral reefs so we can better understand, protect, and preserve our Nation's reefs.
Contacts: Curt Storlazzi, PhD, Nancy Prouty, Ferdinand Oberle, Renee Takesue
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Low-lying areas of tropical Pacific islands
Sea level is rising faster than projected in the western Pacific, so understanding how wave-driven coastal flooding will affect inhabited, low-lying islands—most notably, the familiar ring-shaped atolls—as well as the low-elevation areas of high islands in the Pacific Ocean, is critical for decision-makers in protecting infrastructure or relocating resources and people.
Contacts: Curt Storlazzi, PhD
Attribution: Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change Impacts to Reefs
Learn how the USGS studies sea-level rise and climate change impacts to coral reefs.
Attribution: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
The Value of U.S. Coral Reefs for Risk Reduction
Summary of the report, "Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction"
Contacts: Curt Storlazzi, PhD, Michael Beck
Avian Malaria Genomic Research Project
Habitat destruction, invasive plants, non-native predators and competitors, and introduced diseases have decimated the diverse, endemic native forest bird community of Hawai'i. In particular, avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), which is transmitted by the introduced Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, has caused dramatic declines and extinctions in many native birds. Fortunately, Cx....
Contacts: Eben H Paxton, Ph.D., Elizabeth Abraham
Attribution: Ecosystems, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
U.S. Seismic Hazard Maps – Hawaii
Seismic hazard maps for Hawaii.
Date published: November 8, 2019
Modeling invasion risk and impacts to inform management responses - Helen Sofaer
Where are invasive species likely to be introduced or become abundant? How should managers respond? On Hawaii and other Pacific Islands numerous invasive species have altered ecosystems, and new species continue to be introduced. Statistical analyses can characterize risk and inform response strategies.
Attribution: Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
Coral Reef Project: Kauaʻi
As part of the USGS Coral Reef Project, the USGS is working on the island of Kauaʻi to identify circulation patterns and a sediment budget for Hanalei Bay to help determine any effects to the coastal marine ecosystem.
Circulation and Sediment, Nutrient, Contaminant, and Larval Dynamics on Reefs
The overall objective of this research effort is to better understand how circulation and sediment processes impact coral reefs.
Attribution: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Select Data and Tools TypeAPIsDroughtsWeb ApplicationEarthquakesData Management ToolsFloodsGeomagnetismGIS DataLandslidesRemote Land Sensing and LandsatScience DatasetsVolcanoesWaterReal-time DataWildfireOther
Date published: April 22, 2020
Avian Malaria Warning System
Data for this warning system is a compilation of NOAA NCDC Global Historical Climatology Network data, Dark Sky API 2-week forecast data, and calculated historical annual climatic averages based on the NOAA NCDC data. All data has been statistically adjusted for each individual site location based on collected site data.
Cross-reef wave and water level data from coral reef environments
Direct field observations of wave dynamics across coral reefs and the resulting water levels are limited. Here we provide direct in situ measurements of waves and water levels across a number of coral reefs, extending from the fore reef, across the reef crest, and to the shoreline. These measurements are provided to help better understand the evolution of waves across coral reefs and...
Kīlauea 2018 - lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit-collapse events
This geonarrative summarizes Kīlauea's 2018 events, highlighting the historical context and contributions to science.
Data from Bristle-Thighed Curlews at James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, O'ahu, Hawaii, 2012-2014
This data package includes two tables of data for Bristle-thighed curlews (Numenius tahitiensis) captured 2012-2014 on the James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge O'ahu, Hawaii (21.68 N, 157.95 W). One table provides capture, banding, morphology, and genetic data. The second table provides mark-resight data for estimating the size of the wintering population on Oahu in April of 2014.
Attribution: Alaska Science Center
Measurements Used to Determine the Sex of Bristle-thighed Curlews (Numenius tahitiensis)
This data set contains bill and tarsal measurements from 114 Bristle-thighed Curlews, captured on breeding grounds in Alaska, and non-breeding areas in Hawaii and Reitoru atoll, French Polynesia.
Observations of coral reef oceanographic and groundwater properties off Makua, Kauai, HI, USA, August 2016
This data release includes measurements of circulation and waves, profiles of seawater properties, and profiles of resistivity on the shoreline, which can be used to assess the potential for terrestrial groundwater intrusion on the reef and the sources and fate of these water masses. The recent discovery of coral Black Band Disease at Mākua Reef on Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi prompted an investigation...
Waiakane, Molokai, HI, 2018 Coral Reef Circulation and Sediment Dynamics Experiment
To better constrain the influence of sea-level rise on waves and sediment transport over a fringing coral reef flat, an experiment was conducted across a large fringing reef off the south shore of Molokai, Hawai'i. Here we provide data on water levels, waves, currents observed during this field effort. Additional data sets will be added as they become available.
Bristle-Thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) Mark-Resight Encounter History from the James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge and Surrounding Area, Oahu, Hawaii, 2012-2017
This data set contains one table with mark-resight observations of Bristle-thighed Curlews marked on Oahu, Hawaii, with plastic color leg flags, 2012-2017.
Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System
Information about scientific data collected through field activities conducted by scientists in the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources program
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Region 9: Columbia-Pacific Northwest, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Core logs, scans, photographs, grain size, and radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Hawaiʻi
This data release supports a study that reports on efforts to estimate future tsunami inundation through stratigraphic analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains.
Date published: March 5, 2019
National Water Information System (NWIS) Mapper
The NWIS mapper provides access to over 1.5 million sites contained in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS), including sites where current and historical surface-water, groundwater, springs, and atmospheric data has been collected. Users can search by site type, data type, site number, or place.
Attribution: Water Resources, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 3: Great Lakes, Region 4: Mississippi Basin, Region 5: Missouri Basin, Region 6: Arkansas-Rio Grande-Texas-Gulf, Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin, Region 9: Columbia-Pacific Northwest, Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Central Midwest Water Science Center, Dakota Water Science Center, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, New England Water Science Center, New Mexico Water Science Center, South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC), Upper Midwest Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory
Coral cover and health determined from seafloor photographs and diver observations, West Hawai'i, 2010-2011
The data described here were collected as part of a larger study to examine habitat conditions and coral health with respect to exposure to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and urban land uses.
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January 13, 2021—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map compilation
A compilation of nine thermal maps created for the ongoing eruption in Halema'uma'u, at the summit of Kīlauea.
Volcano Hazards Program Office
January 12, 2021—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map
January 12, 2021—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map constructed from aerial imagery
January 7, 2021—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map
January 7, 2021—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map constructed from aerial imagery
January 5, 2021—Kīlauea summit topographic changes
This graphic depicts the changes to Kīlauea Volcano's summit, as a result of the ongoing eruption, between December 26, 2020, and January 5, 2021.
December 31, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption contour map
December 31, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption contour map showing lava lake level and elevations of features within the caldera
December 30, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map
December 30, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map constructed from aerial imagery
December 26, 2020—Kīlauea summit topographic changes
This graphic depicts the changes to Kīlauea Volcano's summit resulting from the eruption that began on December 20, 2020.
December 27, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption reference map
Kīlauea summit eruption reference map showing the location of ongoing lake activity
December 27, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption contour map showing lake level and elevations of features within the caldera
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Physicochemical controls on zones of higher coral stress where Black Band Disease occurs at Mākua Reef, Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi
Pervasive and sustained coral diseases contribute to the systemic degradation of reef ecosystems, however, to date an understanding of the physicochemical controls on a coral disease event is still largely lacking. Water circulation and residence times and submarine groundwater discharge all determine the degree to which reef organisms are exposed...
Oberle, Ferdinand; Storlazzi, Curt D.; Cheriton, Olivia; Takesue, Renee K.; Hoover, Daniel J.; Logan, Joshua B.; Runyon, Christina M.; Kellogg, Christina A.; Johnson, Cordell; Swarzenski, Peter W.
Attribution: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Natural Hazards, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by increasing the exposure of coastal communities to flooding hazards. The protective services of these natural defenses are not assessed in the same rigorous economic terms as artificial defenses, such as seawalls, and therefore often are not considered in decision making...
Storlazzi, Curt D.; Reguero, Borja G.; Cole, Aaron D.; Lowe, Erik; Shope, James B.; Gibbs, Ann E.; Nickel, Barry A.; McCall, Robert T.; van Dongeren, Ap R.; Beck, Michael W.
Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B.G., Cole, A.D., Lowe, E., Shope, J.B., Gibbs, A.E., Nickel, B.A., McCall, R.T., van Dongeren, A.R., and Beck, M.W., 2019, Rigorously valuing the role of U.S. coral reefs in coastal hazard risk reduction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1027, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191027.
Honolulu Magnetic Observatory
Tucked in a grove of thorny mesquite trees, on an ancient coral reef on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu, west of Pearl Harbor, a small unmanned observatory quietly records the Earth's time-varying magnetic field. The Honolulu Magnetic Observatory is 1 of 14 that the U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program operates at various...
Love, Jeffrey J.; Finn, Carol
Attribution: Geologic Hazards Science Center, Natural Hazards, Geomagnetism Program, Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin
Love, J.J., and Finn, C.A., 2018, Honolulu Magnetic Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3029, 2 p.
Groundwater-level, groundwater-temperature, and barometric-pressure data, July 2017 to February 2018, Hālawa Area, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi
The Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, operated by the U.S. Navy and located in the Hālawa area, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, includes 20 underground storage tanks that can hold a total of 250 million gallons of fuel. In January 2014, the U.S. Navy notified the Hawaiʻi Department of Health and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of release of an estimated...
Mitchell, Jackson N.; Oki, Delwyn S.
Attribution: Pacific Islands Water Science Center, Water Resources
Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2018, Groundwater-level, groundwater-temperature, and barometric-pressure data, July 2017 to February 2018, Hālawa Area, O'ahu, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1147, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181147.
Volcanic aquifers of Hawai'i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models
Hawai'i's aquifers have limited capacity to store fresh groundwater because each island is small and surrounded by saltwater. Saltwater also underlies much of the fresh groundwater. Fresh groundwater resources are, therefore, particularly vulnerable to human activity, short-term climate cycles, and long-term climate change. Availability of fresh...
Izuka, Scot K.; Engott, John A.; Rotzoll, Kolja; Bassiouni, Maoya; Johnson, Adam G.; Miller, Lisa D.; Mair, Alan
Izuka, S.K., Engott, J.A., Rotzoll, Kolja, Bassiouni, Maoya, Johnson, A.G., Miller, L.D., and Mair, Alan, 2018, Volcanic aquifers of Hawai'i—Hydrogeology, water budgets, and conceptual models (ver. 2.0, March 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5164, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155164.
Spatially distributed groundwater recharge estimated using a water-budget model for the Island of Maui, Hawai`i, 1978–2007
Demand for freshwater on the Island of Maui is expected to grow. To evaluate the availability of fresh groundwater, estimates of groundwater recharge are needed. A water-budget model with a daily computation interval was developed and used to estimate the spatial distribution of recharge on Maui for average climate conditions (1978–2007 rainfall...
Johnson, Adam G.; Engott, John A.; Bassiouni, Maoya; Rotzoll, Kolja
Johnson, A.G., Engott, J.A., Bassiouni, Maoya, and Rotzoll, Kolja, 2018, Spatially distributed groundwater recharge estimated using a water-budget model for the Island of Maui, Hawai`i, 1978–2007 (ver. 2.0, February 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5168, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145168.
Rigorously valuing the role of coral reefs in coastal protection: An example from Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A.
The degradation of coastal habitats, particularly coral reefs, raises risks by exposing communities to flooding hazards. The protective services of these natural defenses are not assessed in the same rigorous, economic terms as artificial defenses such as seawalls, and therefore often not considered in decision-making. Here we present a new...
Storlazzi, Curt D.; Reguero, Borja G.; Lowe, Erik; Shope, James B.; Gibbs, Ann E.; Beck, Mike; Nickel, Barry A.
Storlazzi, C.D., Reguero, B., Lowe, E., Shope, J.B., Gibbs, A.E., Beck, M.W., and Nickel, B., 2017. "Rigorously valuing the role of coral reefs in coastal protection: An example from Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A." Coastal Dynamics 2017, p. 665-674.
Measuring surface-water loss in Honouliuli Stream near the 'Ewa Shaft, O'ahu, Hawai'i
The Honolulu Board of Water Supply is currently concerned with the possibility of bacteria in the pumped water of the 'Ewa Shaft (State well 3-2202-21). Groundwater from the 'Ewa Shaft could potentially be used to meet future potable water needs in the 'Ewa area on the island of O'ahu. The source of the bacteria in the pumped water is unknown,...
Rosa, Sarah N.
Rosa, S.N., 2017, Measuring surface-water loss in Honouliuli Stream near the 'Ewa Shaft, O'ahu, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5042, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175042.
Pufferfish mortality associated with novel polar marine toxins in Hawaii
Fish die-offs are important signals in tropical marine ecosystems. In 2010, a mass mortality of pufferfish in Hawaii (USA) was dominated by Arothron hispidus showing aberrant neurological behaviors. Using pathology, toxinology, and field surveys, we implicated a series of novel, polar, marine toxins as a likely cause of this mass mortality. Our...
Work, Thierry M.; Moeller, Perer D. R.; Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Dagenais, Julie; Breeden, Renee; Rameyer, Robert; Walsh, Willliam A.; Abecassis, Melanie; Kobayashi, Donald R.; Conway, Carla M.; Winton, James
Attribution: National Wildlife Health Center, Western Fisheries Research Center, Ecosystems, Fish & Wildlife Disease, Fisheries Program, Fish Health Program (FHP)
Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst Tool
The Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst is an ArcGIS extension that estimates how long it would take for someone to travel on foot out of a hazardous area that was threatened by a sudden event such as a tsunami, flash flood, or volcanic lahar. It takes into account the elevation changes and the different types of landcover that a person would encounter along the way.
Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)Region 9: Columbia-Pacific NorthwestRegion 11: AlaskaWestern Geographic Science Center
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Kīlauea summit eruption overflight (Jan 12, 2021)
A helicopter overflight on the morning of January 12, provided airborne views of the lava lake and active fissure within Halema'uma'u, at the summit of Kīlauea. Low fountaining was present at the western fissure, with active surface lava limited to the western portion of the lava lake. The eastern half of the lake was covered by cooler, solidified surface lava.
Attribution: Natural Hazards, Volcano Hazards Program Office, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Kīlauea
Kīlauea Volcano—Western fissure activity Halema'uma'u (Jan 11, 2021)
This video taken on January 11, 2021 shows the surface activity had increased at the western fissure over the past two days, within Halema'uma'u at the summit of Kīlauea. Low fountaining was supplying lava to an open channel that poured into the lava lake.
Dusk view of Halema'uma'u lava lake, Saturday, January 9, 2021
Around sunset on Saturday (January 9, 2021), a break in the rain allowed HVO scientists to visit and monitor the ongoing eruption in Halema'uma'u. The west vent is still actively effusing lava, but outflow into the lava lake is increasingly sluggish, as evidenced by slow-moving crustal plates near the once-vigorous vent outlet. Also, much of the crust in the eastern half
Evening view of Halema'uma'u lava lake, Saturday, January 9, 2021
The arrival of nightfall at Halema'uma'u on January 9, 2021, provided a clearer view of ongoing eruptive activity for USGS scientists monitoring the eruption this Saturday evening. This photo is focused on areas of active crustal motion in the western half of the lava lake; the eastern half (off to the right) is mostly stagnated and displays significantly less
Halema'uma'u just after sunset on January 8, 2021
Kīlauea's summit lava lake, in Halema'uma'u, just after sunset on January 8, 2021. This view is to the north, from the south rim of the crater. HVO scientists continue to monitor the eruption within an area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park that remains closed to the public for safety reasons. USGS image by N. Deligne.
Halema'uma'u West Fissure Activity (Jan 8, 2021)
This video shows activity at the western fissure, in Halema'uma'u at the summit of Kīlauea on January 8, 2021. The lava stream entering the lake appeared weaker than several days ago, when a dome fountain was active.
Crustal Overturning in Halema'uma'u Lava Lake
This video shows crustal foundering and resurfacing at the lava lake in Halema'uma'u, at the summit of Kīlauea on January 8, 2021. Recently this foundering process has been common in the eastern portion of the lake. The video is shown at 20x speed.
Crustal Overturning (4x speed of original video)
This animated GIF was created from a clip within the original video showing crustal overturning at Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaii. The original video was at 20x the speed of the event, and this animation 4x faster.
Attribution: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Kīlauea
Kīlauea summit aerial imagery - January 7, 2021
During an overflight of Kīlauea summit today (January 7, 2021) at approximately 10:30 a.m. HST, HVO geologists captured this image of the growing lava lake within Halemaʻumaʻu. Sunny weather allowed for clear views of Mauna Loa, to the west. USGS photo by M. Patrick.
Aerial image of the active west vent area and the largest island in Halemaʻumaʻu's growing lava lake. During the overflight of Kīlauea's summit today (January 7, 2021) at approximately 10:30 a.m. HST, HVO geologists noted that the dome fountain, which had been persistent near the base of the west vent area, had subsided and was no longer present. USGS photo by K. Mulliken
This photo, taken during an overflight of Kīlauea's summit this morning (January 7, 2021), shows the southeast margin of Halemaʻumaʻu's growing lava lake. The photo shows the boundary between the active portion of the lava lake (left) and the subtle levee around the lake perimeter that allows the lake to be slightly perched. The photo shows that a margin around the lake (
Volcano Watch — Gas math—how we know how much sulfur dioxide volcanoes emit
Volcanic gases are an important part of eruptions—they help magma to rise within the earth and erupt, they can tell us how much lava is being erupted, and the volcanic air pollution (vog) they cause can be a hazard. So it is important for the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) to measure how much of what kind of gas is being emitted by our volcanoes.
New USGS Professional Paper — The 2008–2018 Summit Lava Lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
Three chapters of USGS Professional Paper 1867, "The 2008–2018 Summit Lava Lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i" were recently published online. The 2008–2018 lava lake at the summit of Kīlauea marked the longest sustained period of lava lake activity at the summit in decades and provided a new opportunity for observing and understanding lava lake behavior.
Photo and Video Chronology – Kīlauea – January 8, 2021
Kīlauea's summit eruption in Halema'uma'u continues on the Island of Hawai'i continues. The west vent erupts lava into the lava lake. Gas emissions and seismic activity at the summit remain elevated. HVO field crews—equipped with specialized safety gear and PPE—monitor the current eruption from within the closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park with NPS permission.
Volcano Watch — A new tephra lab for HVO eruption monitoring
In addition to a new year and a new eruption, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is ushering in a new era for processing and studying volcanic samples. The new lab will allow us to better understand physical properties of tephra.
Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) News
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USGS News: Hawaii
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Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) (News)
Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
Hawaii, HI 96718
Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center
2525 Correa Rd
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
O'ahu Field Station
1845 Wasp Blvd
Bldg 176
National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station
300 Ala Moana Blvd
John Hoffmann
Email: jphoffma@usgs.gov
Samuel R Aliro
Email: saliro@usgs.gov
Steven N Ancheta
Email: sancheta@usgs.gov
Paige N Blasberg
Hydrologic Technician
Email: pblasberg@usgs.gov
Renee Breeden
National Wildlife Health Center Honolulu Field Station
Email: rbreeden@usgs.gov
Timothy R Brunetto
Email: tbrunetto@usgs.gov
Sally A Carullo
Email: scarullo@usgs.gov
Bles May B Daog
Admin Ops Assistant
Email: bdaog@usgs.gov
Clarence L Edwards
Email: cledward@usgs.gov
Heather A Jeppesen
Email: hajeppes@usgs.gov
Leanne R Kitano
Email: lrkitano@usgs.gov
Vaughn E Kunishige
Email: vekunish@usgs.gov
James T Mifflin
Hydrologic Field Assistant
Email: jmifflin@usgs.gov
Rylen K Nakama
Email: rnakama@usgs.gov
Lhiberty D Pagaduan
Email: lpagaduan@usgs.gov
Robert Rameyer
Email: bob_rameyer@usgs.gov
Robert Reed, Ph.D.
Deputy Center Director
Email: reedr@usgs.gov
Casey J Rita
Email: crita@usgs.gov
Christopher F Sheridan
Email: cfsheridan@usgs.gov
Benjamin H Shimizu
Email: bhshimiz@usgs.gov
Daniel A Sinclair
Email: dsinclair@usgs.gov
Eldon O Visitacion
Email: evisitac@usgs.gov
Anela M Whisenhunt
Email: awhisenhunt@usgs.gov
Thierry M Work
Wildlife Disease Specialist
Email: thierry_work@usgs.gov
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ESS® Rose Absolute Pure Essential Oil - 2 ml..
Rose Absolute Essential Oil is a strongly feminine and sensual oil; it's useful for all skincare, particularly mature skin. Has a soothing and comforting effect on the emotions. Also known as Cabbage Rose or Rose Maroc.
Essential oils are the concentrated extracts from plant material of a single named botanical species. Essential oil properties are used to assist the body's own natural healing processes and enhance well-being. 2 ml.
Has a soothing and comforting effect on the emotions.
It's useful for all skincare, particularly mature skin.


text:
package cn.lhfei.hadoop.ch03;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;

/**
 * Created by lhfei on 3/4/18.
 */
public class HDFSApi {

    static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HDFSApi.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String uri = "hdfs://master1.cloud.cn:9000/user" + "/lhfei";
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        conf.set("fs.defaultFS", HDFSConstant.FS_DEFAULTFS);
        FileSystem fs = null;

        try {
            fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(uri), conf);

            Path src = new Path(uri + "/test/01/011/0111/01111");
            // make directory
            fs.mkdirs(src);
            fs.mkdirs(new Path(uri + "/test/02/022/0222/02222"));

            // put file
            fs.copyFromLocalFile(false, true, new Path("file:/home/lhfei/app_sdk/IP_List.txt"), new Path(uri));

            fs.delete(new Path(uri + "/test/01/011/0111/01111/011111"), false);

            fs.rename(new Path(uri + "/test/02/022/"), new Path(uri + "/test/02/1"));

            fs.delete(new Path(uri + "/app_sdk"), true);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
FDA accuses Jimmy John's of serving vegetables linked to E. coli, salmonella outbreaks
CNNWire
By Jason Hanna and Ben Tinker, CNN
FILE - In this Feb. 6, 2019, photo, Tyler Schwecke, a delivery driver for Jimmy John's, makes a delivery in Las Vegas. (AP Photo/John Locher, File)
The US Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning letter to the Jimmy John's sandwich chain, saying certain vegetables it served were implicated in five outbreaks of E. coli or salmonella in the past seven years.
The letter accuses the chain of engaging in a pattern of receiving and selling "adulterated fresh produce, specifically clover sprouts and cucumbers."
"Jimmy John's restaurants have been implicated in multiple outbreaks that have spanned the past seven years and impacted consumers in no fewer than 17 states," FDA Deputy Commissioner Frank Yiannas said in a news release Tuesday.
"Jimmy John's has not demonstrated implementation of long-term sustainable corrections to its supply chain to assure the safety of ingredients used in its products," he said.
The restaurant chain has removed sprouts from all its locations until further notice, Jimmy John's president James North told CNN on Tuesday.
"Food safety is our top priority ... This removal (of sprouts) was out of an abundance of caution and was not initiated by any known, immediate threat," North said.
The FDA letter says Jimmy John's should respond with the "the specific things you are doing to address this violation" within 15 days of receiving the warning letter.
"Failure to promptly correct these violations may result in enforcement action by FDA without further notice, including seizure and/or injunction," the letter reads.
The FDA said it also sent a warning letter to a supplier of Jimmy John's. The supplier, the FDA said, provided spouts to the restaurant chain that the administration says sickened 22 people in Iowa late last year with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.
The outbreaks
According to the FDA letter, the four other outbreaks were:
- A salmonella outbreak that had infected 10 people as of February 28, 2018, in Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Eight had eaten sprouts on Jimmy John's sandwiches, and one ate sprouts bought at a grocery store.
- An E. coli outbreak that had infected 19 people as of August 2014 in California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Utah and Washington. Most reported eating clover sprouts in the week before becoming sick, and Jimmy John's was determined to be a likely source in some cases, the FDA said.
- An E. coli outbreak that had infected eight people by the end of October 2013 in Colorado. All had eaten raw cucumbers from one of three Jimmy John's restaurants in the Denver area, the FDA said.
- An E. coli outbreak that had infected 29 people in 11 states as of April 5, 2012. Most reported eating sprouts at one of six Jimmy John's restaurants in the week preceding their illness, the FDA said.
E. coli can cause illness, including diarrhea. Though most healthy adults can recover within a week, some people -- especially young children and the elderly -- can develop a form of kidney failure, the FDA says.
Salmonella can cause serious, sometimes fatal, infections, and can be especially serious in young children, according to the FDA.
Jimmy John's has more than 2,800 locations in 43 states.
food & drinkhealthcheckfdaillnessoutbreakfoode. colisalmonella

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Soul Urge (Heart Desire) Number 6
" Don't let fear or doubt hold you back. Believe in yourself and your abilities."
Chris Evans is an American actor and filmmaker of Irish descent who has made a name for himself with his captivating performances and kind nature. One of Evans' defining character strengths is his unwavering dedication to his craft. He has taken on a diverse range of roles, from the iconic Captain America to the charming and quirky Casey in "Sunshine," and has consistently given it his all. This hard work and determination have led to numerous career achievements, including blockbuster hits and critical acclaim. But Evans is not just a talented actor - he is also a socially conscious individual who uses his platform for good. He has raised awareness for various charities and causes, such as cancer research and animal welfare, and has generously donated his time and resources to make a positive impact in the world. As for his relationships, Evans has largely kept his personal life private. However, he has been linked to several high-profile women, including actresses Jessica Biel and Minka Kelly. No matter who he is romantically involved with, one thing is for certain - Chris Evans is a compassionate and driven individual with a heart of gold.
He was born on Saturday June 13th 1981, in Sudbury, Massachusetts, United States.
Chris' attention is directed to helping and caring for those he loves. Chris Evans is exceedingly domestic. He loves his home and family and works hard to make both comfortable and secure. Evans' love for family and friends is a major source of his happiness and sometimes unhappiness.
His desire to help others is so strong that Chris Evans often finds himself sacrificing his own personal needs for someone else's. Chris can overdo it, becoming too deeply involved in other people's lives. He risks interfering in personal matters and or smothering those he loves in too much affection. This can be especially weakening to children, who never experience their own personal strength if an adult is too protective.
Chris Evans is extremely loyal and rarely lets anyone down. He needs to feel appreciation for his giving and caring. He wants to know that he is needed.
Chris is generous and very forgiving. He is somehow able to overlook the worst mistakes in another and find enough good in that person to continue the relationship. He is patient, warm, and sympathetic, sometimes to the point of sentimentality.
Chris Evans has a natural ability as a counselor and healer. He is an excellent listener, compassionate and understanding. Evans is able to both sympathize and empathize with a person's dilemma. His challenge as a counselor is to be adequately educated so that he can do more than provide a sympathetic ear or shoulder.
He possesses a great deal of artistic talent, though he may not have a lot of confidence in his ability. Art gives Chris Evans a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction. Chris is especially sensitive to his environment and has a knack for creating an artistic, healing, and harmonious atmosphere in his home or work space.
Chris Evans' deepest intention is to love those around him, and be loved in return. Six is the most loving of all numbers, especially in one-to-one relationships. Chris' instincts are toward his family and friends. He envisions a beautiful and harmonious life with love as the basis for all social interaction. Evans' love is returned manifold; people appreciate Chris Evans and the love he gives, and are willing to go to great lengths to keep him close at hand.
You and Chris
About Chris' Soul Urge (Heart's Desire) number
Chris Evans' Soul Urge number represents his inner self. The Soul Urge number, also called Heart's Desire, shows Chris' underlying urge - his true motivation.
It reveals the general intention behind many of Evans' actions. Consequently, it dramatically influences the choices Chris Evans makes in life.
Read more about our interpretation of Chris Evans' soul urge (heart's desire) number . . .
Other celebrities with Soul Urge number 6 as Chris Evans
Kylie Jenner (1997)
An American media personality, model, and businesswoman of Dutch, English, Irish, and Scottish descent, who is the youngest member of the Kardashian-Jenner family and is best known for her appearance on the reality television show "Keeping Up with the Kardashians." Jenner is known for her entrepreneurial spirit and business acumen. She has launched several successful businesses, including a cosmetics line and a clothing line, and has also endorsed numerous products and brands. In addition to her business pursuits, Jenner is also known for her philanthropic efforts, including supporting children's hospitals and animal welfare organizations. In her personal life, Jenner is known for her close relationships with her family and friends, as well as her high-profile romantic relationships. She has a daughter with rapper Travis Scott and is also known for her past relationships with other celebrities
Kate Upton (1992)
An American model and actress, known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue where she was named Rookie of the Year following her first appearance in 2011, and was the cover model for the 2012 and 2013 issues
Bill Cosby (1937)
An American stand-up comedian, actor, and author who started his stand-up comedy at the hungry i in San Francisco, followed by a starring role in the 1960s television show I Spy, and feature appearances on The Electric Company
Harry Styles (1994)
An English singer and songwriter who auditioned as a solo artist for the British television series The X Factor, and was met there with four other contestants, to form the group that would later become known as One Direction
Sally Ride (1951-2012)
An American astronaut and physicist and the first American woman in space, who worked at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control, then at the University of California as a professor of physics, researching nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering, and served on the committees that investigated the Challenger and Columbia Space Shuttle disasters
George Clooney (1961)
An American actor, writer, producer, director, and activist, who has received three Golden Globe Awards for his work as an actor and two Academy Awards, one for acting and the other for producing
Scott Disick (1983)
An American television personality and entrepreneur, best known as the boyfriend of Kourtney Kardashian and father to their three children, and for appearing in Keeping Up with the Kardashians, and in Lord Disick: Lifestyles of a Lord
Chris Evans Numerology -- Soul Urge (Heart's Desire) Number 6 | © Copyright 2009-2023 Celebrities Galore and Master Numerologist Hans Decoz


text:
Jack Eichel Tracker: Frozen Four Bound
By Bill Schoeninger March 29th, 2015
Jesse Root of Yale
After winning the Hockey East Tournament, the Terriers entered the win or go home portion of their schedule, the NCAA Tournament. The selection committee placed them as the #1 seed in the Northeast regional where they would face off against the #4 Yale Bulldogs in the first round.
The game would be a contrast of two completely different styles. BU possessed the most potent offense in the nation, while the Bullldogs played a stifling defensive style backed by Alex Lyon, who led the country in GAA, save percentage, and shutouts.
The Terriers did not get the start they wanted as they looked nervous in the first, a sign of the youngest team in the country playing on a big stage with a lot of eyes on them. For the first time all year, the defense looked as though they were starting four freshmen as errant passes and bad decisions plagued the Terriers.
Slow start to this one, but Yale is making it clear that they're going to be physical with Eichel. Putting bodies on him whenever they can.
— Chris Mason (@ByChrisMason) March 27, 2015
On the offensive end, Yale made a point to finish every check they could, especially against Eichel. They took away his time and space, and his effectiveness was reduced. It was the same approach Team Canada used at the WJC. Hit him and Eichel will get frustrated.
Thanks to a post and Matt O'Connor, the first period ended scoreless. Yale would push the pace in the second when they got the only goal of the period on a power play en route to outshooting Terriers 13-11.
Needing to win the third period, the Terriers showed their trademark resiliency and dominated possession in the final frame. The shots were 14-2 and the puck never seemed to leave the Yale end. The Terriers got two goals in the middle of the period from Oksanen and Rodrigues before Yale tied it 2-2 three minutes later.
The game would enter overtime with momentum clearly tilting in BU's favor. They had a prime opportunity with 1:51 of power play time to open OT, but could not convert. Seven minutes into the extra frame, Jack Eichel would provide the setup to win the game for the Terriers.
Covering at the point for a pinching Doyle Somerby, the puck squirted out to him and he fired a slapshot on net. Lyon made the initial save, but could not control the rebound that went right to the stick of a wide open Danny O'Regan. He made no mistake, and slammed it home to send BU to the next round.
https://youtu.be/25KDHNTnA2g?t=1s
Despite being outplayed for most of the game, the Terriers would advance. Their opponent would be the Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs, who had defeated Minnesota 4-1 in the later game. Duluth would be a much better stylistic matchup for the Terriers, as they prefer to play a similar offensive, run-and-gun style.
Duluth clearly watched the film from the Yale game because they came out with the exact same plan of attack to shut down Eichel. He was held in check for most of the game, but the attention that the defenders paid to him helped free up his linemates Evan Rodrigues and Dan O'Regan for success.
Evan Rodrigues scored the only goal of the first with an impressive display of hand-eye coordination. As the puck was in the air in the Duluth offensive zone, Rodrigues tracked the puck and timed the backswing on his slapshot to hit the puck as soon as it hit the ice. He gauged it perfectly, and fired it in for a 1-0 lead as it hit the ice.
The teams traded goals in the second, with the period ending at a score of 2-2 thanks to a goal from BU's Matt Lane. Duluth had the better of the play for most of the first two periods, leading in shots 26-19.
Right on cue, the Terriers turned it on and found another gear in the third. They outshot Duluth 13-5, but with less than three minutes remaining, still found themselves tied. They got a prime chance when Duluth's Andy Welinski took a holding penalty in the waning minutes.
With just one second left on the power play (and 2:24 in the game), Evan Rodrigues corralled the puck at the point and pulled off this beautiful toe drag:
BU's Evan Rodrigues with a brilliant brilliant toe drag goal vs UMD https://t.co/7lfJd3JANf
— CJ Fogler (@cjzero) March 29, 2015
It put BU up 3-2, and the Terriers withstood a final push by Duluth to get the win and advance to the Frozen Four. Eichel went pointless for just the 6th time in his career. In those previous five games, the Terriers were just 1-1-3.
Up Next on the Jack Eichel Tracker: The Terriers will face the University of North Dakota in the semifinals of the Frozen Four on Thursday, April 9th. The winner of the Hobey Baker trophy will be announced on April 10th.
Previous Editions of the Jack Eichel Tracker:
Part I: A Dazzling Debut (5 Assists vs. St. Thomas)
Part II: Matching McDavid (2 Goals, 2 Assists vs. UMass Amherst)
Part III: Torching His Former Team (2 Goals, 1 Assist vs. USNTDP)
Part IV: Going Streaking (2 Goals, 3 Assists vs. Michigan State, Michigan, and Providence [2 games])
Part V: Head to Head with Hanifin (1 Goal, 3 Assists vs. BC & UConn)
Part VI: Manhandling Maine (2 Goals, 4 Assists vs. UConn & Maine [2 games])
Part VII: Peaks & Valleys (1 Goal, 5 Assists vs. Harvard, Colgate, Dartmouth & Merrimack [2 games])
Part VIII: Gearing Up for the WJC (2 Assists vs. RPI)
Part IX: Back On Top (2 Goals, 2 Assists vs. Wisconsin [2 games])
Part X: Power Play Maven (1 Goal, 2 Assists vs. BC & UMass Lowell)
Part XI: Money in Overtime (2 Goals vs. Vermont [2 games])
Part XII: UMass's Worst Nightmare (2 Goals, 5 Assists vs. UMass Amherst, Harvard & UMass Lowell)
Part XIII: Separating From the Pack (1 Goal, 3 Assists vs. UNH [2 games])
Part XIV: Beanpot Champions (2 Assists vs. Notre Dame [2 games], Northeastern)
Part XV: Hobey Baker Race is Over (4 Goals, 7 Assists vs. Northeastern & Merrimack)
Part XVI: Toe Drag Heard Round the World (4 Goals, 1 Assist vs. UNH & UMass Lowell)


text:
Arnold Wienholt Hodson (Devon, 12 de febrero de 1881-Nueva York, 26 de mayo de 1944) fue un adminitrador colonial británico, que se desempeñó como gobernador de las islas Malvinas (en litigio con Argentina), Sierra Leona y Costa de Oro (actual Ghana).

Carrera
Nacido en Inglaterra, fue Gobernador de la colonia de las Islas Malvinas y Dependencias entre 1926 y 1930. Durante su mandato, el Monte Hodson, la mayor cumbre de la isla Visokoi en las islas Sandwich del Sur fue nombrada en homenaje a él. El nombre es mantenido en la toponimia en castellano, figurando en los mapas oficiales de la Argentina.

Durante su mandato, desarrolló las comunicaciones por radio] en las islas, trabajando con la BBC, conectando las islas a la red imperial de radiodifusión y estableciendo una estación de radio. También fue el primer gobernador colonial británico en visitar Grytviken, en las islas Georgias del Sur, donde inauguró la tumba de granito del explorador Ernest Shackleton quien había muerto en 1922 pero no tenía una tumba digna de su importancia.

De 1930 a 1934 fue gobernador de Sierra Leona, donde fue conocido como el Gobernador del Sol. Allí fue responsable de la creación del Servicio de Radiodifusión de Sierra Leona que fue lanzado el 7 de mayo de 1934. Ese mismo año fue nombrado caballero. Finalmente, fue Gobernador de la Costa de Oro entre 1934 y 1941, donde fundó la Gold Coast Broadcasting System (actual Ghana Broadcasting Corporation).

Fue autor de varios libros, incluyendo uno infantil dedicado a los niños de Puerto Argentino/Stanley.

Se casó con Elizabeth Charlotte Sarah Hay, hija del Mayor Malcolm Vivian Hay, en 1928. Tuvieron dos hijas, Rosemary y Elizabeth. Murió el 26 de mayo de 1944 en Nueva York a los 63 años de edad.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Works by or about Arnold Wienholt Hodson at Internet Archive

Gobernadores británicos de las Islas Malvinas
Caballeros comendadores de la Orden de San Miguel y San Jorge

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Diamond Saw Blades are steel cores/bodies that have diamond segments laser welded onto the edge of the body. We make up the diamond segments with impregnated dispersed diamonds through a metal matrix. In short, this is known as the bond. In addition to this, we take a considerable amount of care in manufacturing diamond segments with the various materials in mind that need to be cut. Due to the fact that quality is as equally important to us as is the best technology available, we invest in high quality industrial diamond. We do this so that we are able to offer the best quality product at the best price.
Uniquely designed we manufacture the blades in a variety of different configurations to cut the variety of different materials. We offer diamond blades in a segmented, turbo and continuous rim configuration. Of course when we design these blades, we also keep in mind what blade would be best suited for which machines. Therefore we also design diamond blades for different types of power driven machines and equipment. In light of this, we recommend diamond blades for any angle grinder for faster and more economical cutting.
Concrete, Cured Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, Precast Concrete, Prestressed Concrete, Screed and Green Concrete.
Not sure if this is the right blade for you? Click here!


The transparent, flexible touchpad could one day be woven into "smart" clothing, used for prosthetic limbs, or integrated into human bodies, according to researchers.
A new transparent, flexible touchpad can sense the touch of a finger even when the material is stretched or bent, which could help engineers one day create advanced wearable touch screens.
Levi's and Google will launch a "smart" jacket this fall.
These adhesive sensors can read what's going on in your body based on your sweat, and could eventually provide an alternative to blood tests, according to researchers.


text:
HomeBook AdaptationWhip It (2009) -vs- Kansas City Bomber (1972)
Whip It (2009) -vs- Kansas City Bomber (1972)
October 5, 2009 Bryce Zabel Book Adaptation, Bryce Zabel, Coming of Age, Family, FastSmack, Sports
The Smackdown
Back when I was growing up in Portland, Oregon, we really did watch Roller Derby, and I remember vividly the exploits of Joanie Weston who, when she came out of the pack, always drew a cheer. Trying to capture the sub-culture of of roller derby, a sport that has always flown below the establishment radar, is no easy task, but our two films have both tried. For the record, I've just been schooled by several of our readers (see comments below) for posting an early and inaccurate first review (to which I plead nolo contendere). Now that I've been fact-checked I can report that there are currently over 445 roller derby leagues world wide in thirteen countries with 16,500 registered participants. So this sport is a pretty big deal. My apologies to the fans and let's do this Smack over now… [singlepic id=724 w=320 h=240 float=right]
The Challenger
First-time director Drew Barrymore is the latest to strap on some skates and get on the oval track. The POV in Whip It is Texas teenager Bliss Cavender (Ellen Page from Juno) who escapes mom-centric beauty pageants for the rough-and-tumble. Along the way, she hooks up with a rock star, asserts her womanhood all over the place, becomes a phenom and takes her team, the "Hurl Scouts," all the way to the championship. Inspired by the Shauna Cross novel, Derby Girl, Whip It invokes the real, functioning roller derby league (TXRD) in Austin, and as our Smackdown reader Frankenbike points out, this is the place that got the wheels turning on the modern derby movement back in 2001. [singlepic id=33 w=320 h=240 float=right]
The Defending Champion
Back in 1972 when they made Kansas City Bomber, roller-derby was red-hot, coming off a couple of decades of post-war growth. They cast the hottest babe of the day, Raquel Welch, to play K.C. Carr, a character loosely based on Joanie Weston. She plays a single mom who's driven by desperation into the world of the derby. It's a relentless run of low rent venues, tough competitors, sexism and lost middle-age dreams. What you're seeing in this film is not the roller derby that is played in leagues within a city today but the traveling team model. It depicts the competition but also the sleaziness that supposedly went along with the sport back then.
The Scorecard
To the non-fans, roller derby may exist just one level up from the fake world of professional wrestling, but it's still a real world where honest-to-God actual skaters compete against each other and the most athletic usually win. Both Kansas City Bomber and Whip It lay out that world as realistically as they can, but the earlier film just isn't as slick as its competition here. Watching it is like watching Reefer Madness — it may be campy, but it feels dated and unintentionally comical in places. Another big difference is how in Kansas City Bomber being a roller derby queen is a paying gig and part of the drama is joining to make ends meet while in Whip It we enter a world where not a single player in modern roller derby is paid. In one film, it's a job. In another, it's just the love of the sport. The first has more potential for drama while the latter has to manufacture the beauty pageant versus roller derby conflict (which, trumped up as it is, still pretty much works). Ellen Page is good as always, but she feels slight and miscast, seeming like someone who wouldn't make it five minutes in the world of Raquel's sport, kind of like Juno-in-Skates. And, speaking of Raquel, it's the role of her career. She's athletic, sexy, aggressive. Before you dismiss it as sexploitation though, the uniforms in Whip It are far more teasing than anything in Kansas City Bomber. When it comes to physical action, actresses in both films learned to skate, but it was Raquel who played it extra hard and rough, doing most of her own stunts and breaking her wrist in the process. On the other hand, Whip It has Kristen Wiig playing the Raquel single-mom role and she's just simply awesome. But both films used real players in their action scenes and it shows. Whip It also has the distinction of using 75 songs in 111 minutes of film. I'm not sure if that's the record but it's gotta be close. And the music works.
On one level, Whip It is a slight little trifle of a film while Kansas City Bomber actually aspires to be taken seriously, telling one of those gritty stories on film that the '70s were famous for. The execution in Kansas City Bomber just feels badly dated, however, while Whip It is sleek and fun and manages to extract the required laughs and cries in what turns out to be a pretty damn fine coming-of-age story. If you're into the history of the sport, you'll want to see Kansas City Bomber but if you're out for a light night out, or a passionate derby-fan these days, then Whip It into shape.
sex symbols
About Bryce Zabel	196 Articles
Drawing inspiration from career experiences as a CNN correspondent, TV Academy chairman, creator of five produced primetime network TV series, and fast-food frycook, Bryce is the Editor-in-Chief of "Movie Smackdown." While he freely admits to having written the screenplay for the reviewer-savaged "Mortal Kombat: Annihilation," he hopes the fact that he also won the Writers Guild award a couple of years ago will cause you to cut him some slack. That, plus the fact that he has a new StudioCanal produced feature film, "The Last Battle," shooting this summer in Europe about the end of World War II. He's also a member of the Directors Guild, Screen Actors Guild, and a past enthusiast of the Merry Marvel Marching Society. His new what-if book series, "Breakpoint," just won the prestigious Sidewise Award for Alternate History, and has so far tackled JFK not being assassinated and The Beatles staying together.
The Wrestler (2008) -vs- Rocky Balboa (2006)
December 27, 2008 Bryce Zabel
The Blind Side (2009) -vs- Hoosiers (1986)
November 21, 2009 Mark Sanchez
The Hunger Games (2012) -vs- The Running Man (1987)
March 23, 2012 Nicole Marchesani
3 Comments on Whip It (2009) -vs- Kansas City Bomber (1972)
Frankenbike October 6, 2009 at 2:36 pm
I'll save you some searching. There are currently over 445 roller derby leagues world wide, in 13 countries. There are over 16,500 registered participants. Most use flat track configurations because it's more economical, which is now the standard, though there are four fully functioning leagues using banked tracks, including the non-fictional TXRD in Austin, which started the modern derby movement in 2001.
The track used in the film actually belongs to a real roller derby league in Oklahoma City known as Red Dirt Rebellion. They're the newest banked track league that actually has a track, built by the same architect who built the Los Angeles Derby Dolls track (who reportedly also sculpted the giant pig on top of the BBQ place in "Whip It!").
There is a league of leagues, called the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). The WFTDA has 78 member leagues, but its rules are used by 95 percent of all roller derby leagues, and currently underpin rules used on the banked tracks of the Los Angeles and San Diego Derby Dolls, as well as Red Dirt Rebellion. The member leagues are flat track only, and the WFTDA holds four official regional tournaments where the top ten leagues compete for slots in the national tournament, being held in Philidelphia from November 13-15 this year. Each regional tournament yields 3 top teams from each region to compete in Nationals.
Oh, and while there are still single mothers in roller derby, they don't join to make ends meet. That's because, despite huge risks of physical injury (and many are seriously injured each year), not a single player in modern roller derby is paid. They do it because they love the sport, and many if not most, pay dues to self organized leagues (generally run as collectives) for the privilege.
Oh, and many of those skaters in Whip It are real skaters, from at least five different leagues (including TXRD, LA Derby Dolls, Detroit Roller Derby and Grand Raggidy Roller Girls). The one of the Manson sisters (the small one) has gone by the name "Iron Maiven" for 6 years (and is captain for a team called "Tough Cookies", on which the Hurl Scouts are based), and the movie borrowed her name for the Juliet Lewis character.
Michael J Swassing October 6, 2009 at 1:00 pm
Back when I was growing up near Fresno, CA we really did watch Roller Derby and I remember, vividly, the exploits of Joanie Weston who, when she came out of the … PACK, …
The roller derby of 2009 is not the roller derby of 1972. That much is true.
In fact, the roller derby of 2010 is going to be significantly different from the roller derby of about 2005-06 in Austin, the real world setting (TXRD) of the fictional book (Derby Girl, by Shauna Cross) upon which the film is based.
But it is a very nice coming of age story, and I enjoyed the film very much.
I also enjoy roller derby today. Much more than I did as a child looking at TV. Perhaps some of us have evolved since the mid-seventies.
Josie October 6, 2009 at 12:38 pm
Let me help re: Austin: http://tinyurl.com/y9kym6l
And just for more background info: http://tinyurl.com/ld3txo


In this article, we are discussing the approaches to pick the ideal home remodeling organization for your home. House remodeling or renovating, those words portray a stylish apartment with the best home design which you think of. In any case, all these beautiful thoughts can really get crushed when you employ the wrong home renovating firm. Yes, there isn't any organization out there that depicts themselves to offer awful services. Henceforth there are a few criteria that you should check before you contract such an organization to do the remodels and changes in your home. Keep in mind that after the work is complete, there is little room for you to modify things. Here are those insights that should enable you to locate the best home redesigning organization.
When hiring a home remodeling organization, scrutinize the number of referrals that you are aware of. You can look online to locate a decent organization and for this situation tributes of customers are a vital measuring stick. The perfect way is to look for those companies which are established next to where you live. Another reliable manner by which you can get hold of a decent organization is through contacts from companions, family, and neighbors. Likewise, ask whether the organization has an appropriate permit and special risk protection of their workers who might work in your home.
On occasion, we regularly plan the initial design for the house. An ideal home remodeling company is one that would not have to force their ideas on you but instead work with what you have planned but try to incorporate better alternatives. Such a firm should have stringent principles from their side which speaks highly of their professionalism. This is important particularly when they provide the deadline dates of the project. When they aren't ready to finish the work according to the stated period, provisions or remunerations ought to be drafted on the agreement. Additionally, the more details on the costs given by the organization, the better it is. It helps you to evaluate the cost of everything and likewise helps you to make changes in the redesigning project if the prices go beyond your spending plan.
Home redoing may incorporate either working on the whole house or some of its parts such as the kitchen or restroom. If you wish for a bathroom or kitchen renovation, it's advisable that you look for those companies who are specialized in such departments. They usually have many kinds of designs and plans that they can give you. Keep in mind that if you dwell in an apartment, it necessary to advise your neighbors that there will be clamor and disturbance amid the renovation time.


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President-Elect Joe Biden wants to step up anti-corruption efforts in Mexico.
It's not clear that Mexican officials will accept the help, however.
Feelings between the two countries were at a nadir after Mexico pressured the US to drop trafficking charges against general and former Defense Minister Salvador Cienfuegos after his arrest in Los Angeles, wrote the Louisville Courier Journal. American prosecutors claimed Cienfuegos was known in the underworld as "El Padrino," or The Godfather, of the Latin American country's drug cartels.
American authorities are still holding ex-Mexican security chief García Luna for allegedly accepting bribes from drug cartels. Corruption in Mexico runs deep. Criminal groups work hand in hand with government security officials to secure spyware for hacking mobile phones and other surveillance, for example.
"It's a free-for-all," an official told an investigative journalist whose quote was featured in the Guardian. "The police who have the technology would just sell it to the cartels."
Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a leftwing populist, has vowed to tackle corruption, ranking it before COVID-19 as a threat to the country in a recent speech covered by Prensa Latina, the Cuban state-run news agency. As the New York Times wrote, Obrador said he would clean up the government like a staircase," or from the top down, in order to eliminate leaders and elites who were "a mafia of power."
Interestingly, Obrador has called for investigations into the American agents who allegedly collaborated with Luna. He has also proposed restricting US drug agents' activities in Mexico and stripping them of diplomatic immunity, meaning they could face criminal charges in Mexico if they participate in the corruption they are supposed to be rooting out.
The Brookings Institution described the proposal as dangerously backtracking on US-Mexican law enforcement efforts. Obrador views it as asserting his country's sovereignty.
Writing in the Tampa Times, former US Drug Enforcement Agency agent and bestselling author Robert Mazur worried whether Obrador was appealing to Mexican nationalism because he didn't want to go too high in the country's power structure during his cleaning spree.
Obrador's predecessor, former Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, worked closely with Cienfuegos, who allegedly arranged a $100 million bribe to Nieto from El Chapo, the notorious drug dealer now in a supermax prison in Colorado, explained Mazur. Corruption is endemic, in other words.
Sometimes "cleaning house" might mean burning it down. Or, put another way, sometimes a revolution, not reform, is what is necessary.
WANT TO KNOW
The Hidden Ones
Some 9,000 children died in homes for unmarried mothers and their offspring run by Ireland's Catholic Church from the 1920s to the 1990s, according to a government-commissioned report published Tuesday.
The 3,000-page report covered 18 so-called Mother and Baby Homes where tens of thousands of young pregnant women, including rape victims, were kept inside for decades, Al Jazeera reported.
The death toll amounts to about 15 percent of the children who entered the institutions, with no single explanation for such a high rate of mortality.
Relatives said that the babies in these homes were mistreated by the clergy because they were born out of wedlock, thus tarnishing Ireland's devout Catholic image.
Government officials said the report made it clear that Ireland had "a stifling, oppressive and brutally misogynistic culture." On Wednesday, Prime Minister Micheal Martin will issue a formal apology to the victims of the homes.
The report follows a five-year investigation by the Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation and marks another dark chapter for the Catholic Church.
The church's reputation has been tarnished in recent years by a series of tragedies, including abuse at workhouses and priests sexually abusing children.
Taking Initiative
India's Supreme Court on Tuesday indefinitely put on hold three controversial farm laws that have triggered mass protests from farmers who blocked major highways around the capital, the Voice of America reported.
Since November, tens of thousands of farmers have been sitting in the outskirts of New Delhi, calling on the government to repeal the legislation. In essence, the reform would allow farmers to sell their produce directly to traders and companies at market rates instead of selling to government-controlled wholesale markets at mandated minimum prices, the BBC explained.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has said that the reforms will modernize the country's agricultural system, but farmers remain convinced the changes will leave them at the mercy of big business and the vicissitudes of the market.
The court slammed the government's failure to end the deadlock, while adding in its ruling that it will set up a committee to negotiate with the farmers.
Following the ruling, leaders of the protesting farmers said they would not negotiate with the court-appointed panel, claiming that all its members are "pro-government."
Analysts noted that it's unlikely that the new panel would resolve the impasse.
Back on the List
Cuba condemned the United States earlier this week for placing it on the list of states accused of sponsoring terrorism, the latest move by President Donald Trump's administration following four years of economic and diplomatic tensions with the island, the Miami Herald reported.
The Caribbean nation was accused of a range of malign behavior across the region, including aiding the regime of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro.
The designation is the latest in a series of actions by the Trump administration to dismantle the engagement policies of former President Barack Obama – who removed the Caribbean nation from the list in 2015.
The US has imposed sanctions on Cuban companies and government officials, including Raul Castro, Cuba's former president and the brother of late dictator Fidel Castro.
Although the new measures don't entail more economic sanctions, they could discourage foreign investment in the country.
The blacklisting comes during a difficult time for Cuba: Its economy contracted 11 percent in 2020, and the government is unable to pay international creditors due to a lack of liquidity.
Pure Luck
The Earth has gone through various climatic and extinction cycles, including a cataclysmic asteroid impact, during its four-billion-year history.
These cycles have not been easy for living things, but despite these difficult periods, the world has remained a habitable place for organisms to evolve.
And a new study suggests that is partly because of pure luck, New Atlas reported.
In his study, researcher Toby Tyrrell used computer simulations to determine how our planet sustained life for such a long time and how luck played into it.
He modeled 100,000 randomly different worlds and simulated how their evolutionary paths – and their temperatures – were affected by climatic shifts over the course of three billion years.
The evolution of each planet was simulated 100 times, with each simulation involving random events inflicted upon the worlds.
The results were staggering: Only one planet out of 100,000 maintained habitability in all of its simulations, while the rest had a probability of being habitable rather than a certainty of it.
Tyrell explained that the results show that Earth's ability to hold life wasn't a simple inevitability, but rather that our planet "stayed suitable for life for so long due, at least in part, to luck."
COVID-19 Global Update
More than 180 nations worldwide have confirmed cases of the coronavirus. The following have the highest numbers worldwide as of 4 a.m. ET*:
US: 22,846,808 (+1.01%)
India: 10,495,147 (+0.15%)
Brazil: 8,195,637 (+0.79%)
Russia: 3,434,934 (+0.66%)
UK: 3,173,296 (+1.46%)
France: 2,864,360 (+0.69%)
Turkey: 2,346,285 (+0.42%)
Italy: 2,303,263 (+0.62%)
Spain: 2,137,220 (+1.20%)
Germany: 1,968,326 (+1.31%)
*Numbers change over 24 hours
New Guard, Old Challenges
Separate But Not Equal
Fighting Past Sunset
A Riot Felt 'Round the World
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"Sons of Cadder" – Supreme Court rulings on legal advice during police interviews
24 November 2011 by Rosalind English
Jude and others (Respondents) v Her Majesty's Advocate (Scotand) [2011] UKSC 55 – read judgment; McGowan (Procurator Fiscal, Edinburgh) (Appellant) v B (Respondent) [2011] UKSC 54 – read judgment
In these two cases the Supreme Court has considered whether the failure to take up on legal representation during police interview amounted to a waiver of the right of access to legal advice for the purposes of determining whether the trial had been fair.
Both cases involved detention of individuals which had taken place prior to the decision of this Court in Cadder v Her Majesty's Advocate [2010] UKSC 43 (see our post) and they did not have access to legal advice either before or during their police interviews. In the course of their interviews, they each made statements which were later relied on by the Crown at their trials.
The following report on the two cases combined is based on the (separate) Supreme Court summaries. There were other issues relating to the constitutional basis for the referral of human rights points from the Scottish courts to the Supreme Court, limitation and the running of time under the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 and the Human Rights Act 1998 which for the sake of brevity are not touched on in this report which concerns itself with the fair trial questions only – for full summaries read the SC press reports on Jude and others and McGowan .
Jude and others v HM Advocate: the facts
The respondents were each detained as suspects for questioning at a police station under sections 14 and 15 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995. They had not had legal representation during the course of the police interviews. One of the respondents, Birnie, had made a further, unsolicited, statement after the interview. He declined to consult a solicitor first or to have a solicitor present while making the statement. In the statement he made various admissions. The Crown's case was that his statement was admissible because he had waived his right to legal representation.
The respondents were convicted and sentenced to various periods of imprisonment. They appealed, and their appeals were still current when the judgment in Cadder was delivered on 26 October 2010. They argued, on the basis of Cadder, that the leading of evidence of the statements they made during their police interviews was a breach of their rights under Articles 6(3)(c) and 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, and that, in terms of section 57(2) of the Scotland Act 1998, the Lord Advocate had no power to lead that evidence. For Birnie, it was also submitted that the reliance by the Crown upon his admissions in these circumstances deprived him of a fair trial, to which he was entitled under Article 6(1) and at common law.
On the question whether the respondents had waived their right to legal assistance, the important point in these appeals was that raised in the case of Birnie. Unlike the other two respondents, Birnie made an unsolicited statement following his police interview, having declined the opportunity to have access to a lawyer prior to and while making it. The outstanding matters before the Court were therefore whether Birnie waived his right of access to a lawyer when he made his unsolicited statement following his police interview, and whether the reliance by the Crown upon the appellant's admissions in these circumstances deprived him of his right to a fair trial under Article 6(1) of the Convention.
Judgment in Jude and others v HM Advocate
The Court accepted the Lord Advocate's position that the appeals on the issue as to waiver in regard to the police interviews of Jude and Hodgson should be dismissed. By a majority of 4-1, the Supreme Court allowed the appeal on the question whether it was incompatible with Birnie's right to a fair trial for the Crown to lead and rely on the evidence of the statement which he made following his police interview.
There is no absolute rule that the accused must have been given legal advice on the question whether or not he should exercise his right of access to a lawyer before he can be held to have waived it: see McGowan (below). It was not suggested in the course of argument that an absolute rule requiring reasons for the accused's decision to waive his right to legal assistance is to be found in the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg court. The only question for this Court is whether the absence of such an inquiry amounted in itself to a breach of a Convention right.
It is not for the Supreme Court to say how the law and practice respecting crimes should be developed by the common law in Scotland. The fact that the waiver was made without legal advice and without reasons being requested may be taken into account in the assessment as to whether Birnie understood the right that was being waived. But Strasbourg does not require the Court to hold that it would necessarily be incompatible with Article 6 to rely on statements made to police just because it was not ascertained why the suspect did not want to speak to a lawyer. The Strasbourg court has been careful, in general, to leave the national authorities to devise a more Convention-compliant system without itself imposing specific requirements on the State. The Supreme Court should be no less careful in the way that it deals with Scottish criminal law and procedure [29].
There is room for argument as to whether Birnie's statement was truly voluntary and in any event whether, taking all the circumstances into account, it was fair to admit this evidence. The question of overall fairness for the purposes of Article 6(1) must be examined in the light of all the facts and circumstances, and is therefore a matter for determination by the High Court of Justiciary [33].
For Lord Kerr, it was an indispensable prerequisite that there must be some means of ascertaining the reason that the right to legal assistance has been waived [53]. On the available evidence, his view was that it had not been established that there was an effective waiver by Birnie of his right to legal assistance [57].
McGowan (Procurator Fiscal) v B (Respondent): the facts
The respondent, 'B', whose case has not yet gone to trial, has been charged on summary complaint with housebreaking with intent to steal and having in his possession a controlled drug contrary to section 5(2) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Before the commencement of a police interview, he was offered legal assistance but declined the offer. His waiver of the right to legal assistance took place without his having received advice on the point from a solicitor In advance of the trial, B's solicitor lodged a Devolution Minute stating that B's right to a fair trial under Article 6(3)(c) would be breached if the Crown were to lead evidence of his police interview since, it was claimed, access to a solicitor should be automatic when someone has been detained in police custody.
The judgment in McGowan
Neither Strasbourg jurisprudence nor the case law of the US Supreme Court supported the proposition that the right of access to legal advice during police questioning could only be waived if the accused had received advice from a lawyer as to whether or not he should do so. Where the accused, having been informed of his rights, stated that he did not want to exercise them, his express waiver of those rights would normally be held to be effective. The minimum guarantees were that he had been told of his right, that he understood what the right was and that it was being waived and that the waiver was made freely and voluntarily.
In some cases access to a lawyer might well be a necessary prerequisite of a valid waiver in some cases. The court had to be alive to the possibility that some defendants were of low intelligent or were under the influence of alcohol or drugs and that they might not fully understand words of the caution, or the advice that they had the right to a private consultation with a solicitor before and during questioning. [47] Such vulnerable people might need to be given "more than standard formulae" if their right to a fair trial was not to be compromised.
Whilst emphasising that there was no intention to suggest that Article 6 required that these measures should be adopted in every case, the Court made two suggestions.
First, if, on being informed or reminded of the right of access to legal advice, the detainee declined to speak to a solicitor in person, the officer in question should point out that the right included the right to speak to a solicitor on the telephone; if the detainee continued to waive the right, the officer should ask him why, and any reasons given should be recorded on the custody or interview record. [49] Second, it would be advisable to inform those of limited means that a lawyer could be appointed to represent them, [51]
In Lord Kerr's partially dissenting opinion, "close scrutiny" of the claim that the right to legal assistance had been waived should always be required, and the first of Lord Hope's suggestions should be adopted in every case [115, 127].
Case comment: Cadder – Presence of a lawyer at police interview required by Strasbourg rights of defence
Self-incrimination and the fruit of the poisonous tree: the Cadder rule
s lawson says:
Get legal advice? I contacted the Law Society to find out which solicitors in my area would consider action against other solicitors. They gave me 3 names but when I contacted them none would even talk to me once I told them i wanted to take action against another solicitor. I did this repeatedly and gave up trying to find a firm who would after a dozen attempts in addition to ones I tried from yellow pages. As for the SRA the the firm lied to them and denied I was given wrong advice and without any evidence to the contrary there was nothing they could do. The SRA also inferred a solicitor would never lie of course and I must be mistaken. I'm afraid the legal profession just protects its own.
John Scott says:
In Scotland only solicitors should be doing this work, in terms of Cadder and the emergency legislation. The recent Carloway Report confirmed that this should continue.
Matei says:
s lawson:
An accredited police station representative a person who is accredited to give advice to suspects at the police station. They are regulated the SRA (the same body that regulates Solicitors), and are required to know police procedure (PACE), criminal law, criminal procedure, ethics, etc, to a sufficient degree to be able to advise you on the best course of action when faced with police questioning over an alleged offence.
The individual who advised you hasn't breached any codes of practice in identifying himself by his business card as a police accredited representative working for so and so solicitors. It may have been mere oversight on the part of the police officer to tell you 'here is your solicitor', but your rep is by no means allowed to identify himself as a solicitor.
Solicitors do use these reps to be the client's first contact with the firm at the police station. If he has given you incorrect legal advice then he has breached his code of conduct and you would be entitled to take action against him, and this is the case irrespective of whether he is a Solicitor or police station accredited rep.
For the purpose of police station advice, rep or solicitor makes no difference, the bar is set at the same level in terms of the negotiation skills, ethics and legal knowledge that they are supposed to hold when advising you. If you've been badly advised then seek legal advice on the matter asap, but the solicitor/police rep matter is not the issue.
This seems to leave a grey re the role of an 'accredited police station representative' who is not a solicitor. In my case I was arrested and asked if I wanted a solicitor and when I said yes the person who turned up was introduced to me by the Police as 'your solicitor'. My 'solicitor' showed me a business card which said Fxxx Gxxxxx Solicitors and his name was imprinted below with the moniker 'accredited police station representative' underneath it. Why would I a lay person think he was anything other than a solicitor? In everything he said he led me to believe he was a solicitor.Then 6 months later after I was charged I discovered that he hadn't been a solicitor but only an accredited police station representative who had no knowledge of the law in the area concerned and had misled me into incriminating myself in the police interviews, the only evidence against me.


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