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Riggers Winch 500, a Dynamic Lifting Solution for Dynamic Access
Business Segment: Rope access, safety at height
Location: Dynamic Access is based in Birmingham, England, and serves companies throughout the United Kingdom.
Project Description: Dynamic Access -- a company that offers fast, effective rope access solutions for maintenance, inspection, and repair projects in a variety of industries -- came to Harken Industrial™ looking for an innovative lifting solution for a reglazing project on buildings with multi-levels or difficult access due to height, design, or access restrictions. A cost effective, versatile and robust product was required to undertake these complex projects, with mobility, versatility, and ease of use. Dynamic Access had been awarded a 12-week project to replace glass units on a 50 m (164′) building located in London's Holland Green development.
Solution/Equipment Used: The manual Riggers Winch 500 was offered as a lifting solution that could be deployed at high or low heights, and in almost any orientation needed. Winch portability and anchoring options allowed it to be deployed quickly at most locations on site. The Riggers Winch 500 can lift loads up to 500 kg (1100 lb) using fiber rope and fits perfectly with the company's rope access competence, toolkit, and methods. The Riggers Winch was paired with a high-torque angle drill to reduce workload and optimize lifting speed.
The Riggers Winch was deployed at roof level, anchored to the structure, and powered with an angle drill to transfer 100 kg (120 lb) double glazed units to and from position. The winch was successfully deployed and relocated around the roof area for the duration of the project, greatly reducing cost and negative impact to the site, compared to a crane. At only 7 kg (15.4 lb), the Riggers Winch completed an average of 20 100 kg (220 lb) lifts per day, recording an estimated total distance of 50 – 60 km (31 – 37 miles), with no loss of time or performance over the 12-week program.
"The Riggers Winch 500 brings us so much mobility and has transformed the way we work. The increased performance not only benefits Dynamic Access, but our clients as well. We wouldn't want to be without it!"
Josh Anelli, Dynamic Access managing director
Summary: The Riggers Winch 500 has been used by Dynamic Access on a number of projects since it was purchased, delivering consistent results and becoming a highly valued piece of equipment.
Its ease of use and versatility are strengths that have earned it high acclaim as a 'go to' piece of lifting equipment within the company.
This Harken Industrial product is featured in the case study above: INRW500
Rigging Winch 500

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Country House in Westchester
2000 Baldwin Road, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
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Atria on the Hudson
321 North Highland Avenue, Ossining, NY 10562
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The Kensington
100 Maple Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601
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Atria Briarcliff Manor
1025 Pleasantville Road, Briarcliff Manor, NY 1...
"We chose Atria Briarcliff Manor for my parents because of the location, and the facility is outstanding across the board. There are constant activities, and they're extremely happy there. They have..." More
Sunrise at Fleetwood
500 North Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon, NY 10552
"Sunrise at Fleetwood was beautiful, and the staff was delightful. I was invited for a meal, and they also invited me because they're having a Christmas party. It was very nice. The staff showed me..." More
The Ambassador of Scarsdale
9 Saxon Wood Road, White Plains, NY 10605
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Briarcliff Manor Center
620 Sleepy Hollow Road, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510
Find Local Costs for Westchester County, NY
The Bristal at White Plains
305 North Street, White Plains, NY 10605
"My mom has been at The Bristal White Plains for over 3 years. We are so happy with facility, knowing she is well taken care of. It is always clean and cheerful looking, there are enough activities..." More
Five Star Premier Residences of Yonkers
537 Riverdale Avenue, Yonkers, NY 10705
"My mother just moved to Five Star Premier Residences of Yonkers. We chose it because of the level of quality, and for what they give you, it was reasonably priced. She's in assisted, but it's the..." More
Bethel Springvale Inn
62 Springvale Rd., Croton On Hudson, NY 10520
"My father was a resident at Springvale for 20 months. He was well taken care of by an amazing , caring , confident and professional team of nurses, doctors , aides and therapists. The facility is..." More
1 Wartburg Place, Mount Vernon, NY 10552
"My mom is in Wartburg. She went there for rehab, and they have an assisted living program right there, so we transferred her from rehab right to assisted living. To me, the place is excellent. They..." More
The Bristal at Armonk
90 Business Park Drive, Armonk, NY 10504
"My Mother enjoyed living in the Bristal for over 2 years. The staff worked very hard to make her comfortable and have her feel as if she was at home. She enjoyed the activities very much. The food..." More
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355 Pelham Road, New Rochelle, NY 10805
"Willow Towers was a beautiful place, but a lot of money. They were great. They don't have independent living. The staff member was excellent. We really couldn't go inside, so we sat outside at a..." More
The Osborn
101 Theall Road, Rye, NY 10583
"You need to be a millionaire to be at The Osborn. They had subacute rehab, independent living, and assisted living, all levels of care. It's a beautifully decorated environment that's immaculately..." More
The New Jewish Home, Sarah Neuman
845 Palmer Avenue, Mamaroneck, NY 10543
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Field Home
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New Rochelle Home for Adults
41 Lockwood Ave., New Rochelle, NY 10801
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Dillard Home
187 Cottage Avenue, Mount Vernon, NY 10550
Mohegan Park
3441 Lexington Avenue, Mohegan Lake, NY 10547
The Club Briarcliff Manor
25 Scarborough Road, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510
Other Options in Westchester County, NY
Assisted Living near Westchester County, NY
Recent Reviews of Assisted Living in Westchester County
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My mother was in the Sunrise of Crestwood and I went there before the COVID. They were responsive. My mother had an issue though with the bluntness of the aide. My mother tends to be sensitive, and... Read more
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I visited Atria Briarcliff Manor. It was an in-person tour. We were able to see where we were planning to live. The director that we met with was very helpful and very informative. I can say only g... Read more
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My mom is in Wartburg. She went there for rehab, and they have an assisted living program right there, so we transferred her from rehab right to assisted living. To me, the place is excellent. They... Read more
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Client Objectives
The Last Time I Saw Paris: Live from International Master Course on Aging Skin Paris 2014
Posted by Denise Mann | Feb 27, 2014 | Acne, Sculpting | 0 |
In Depth | March 2014 Plastic Surgery Practice
By Wendy Lewis
As Audrey Hepburn said in the movie Sabrina, released in 1954, "Paris is always a good idea." This is especially true when you are eager to stay on top of the trends in aesthetic medicine and surgery.
And International Master Course on Aging Skin (IMCAS) Paris 2014 was not a disappointment. "For the 16th IMCAS Congress, we welcomed over 4,500 delegates representing 80 countries, with more than 300 international speakers," said IMCAS Course Director Benjamin Ascher, MD, chairman and head of the Clinique of Aesthetic Surgery IENA in Paris.
The theme of IMCAS Paris 2014 was "Feed Your Science Craving." The group convened at Le Palais de Congres to hunt for the next big thing, and 166 exhibitors generated enough excitement to keep them engaged rather than shopping the winter sales.
"The congress continues to grow in attendance and scope of content, and remains the premier 'go-to' event for new clinical research and product launches," said Rockville, MD-based dermatologist Hema Sundaram, MD, who serves on the IMCAS Paris 2014 Scientific Committee.
The worldwide market for medical aesthetics was valued at €460M, or $625M US, in 2013, which represented a 7.3% increase over 2012. This included the key four sectors: body contouring and energy devices, fillers, toxins, and cosmeceuticals. By 2018, the market total is estimated to rise to €670M, or $910M US.
Although the US has experienced the most consistent growth at 7% annually, Latin America (9%) and Asia (12%) are passing us by and Asia Pacific shows the strongest growth trend. The top 10 countries for medical aesthetics are, in descending order, the US, Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, Italy, South Korea, India, France, and Germany.
The IMCAS Industry Tribune panel also noted a sustained resiliency of the medical aesthetics sector. A race for technology was seen with the acquisition of medical equipment as a vehicle to better penetrate doctors' clinics, add value to the brand, and pave the way to deliver upgrades. An overriding goal of the major players in the aesthetics market (such as Allergan, Valeant, Galderma, and Merz) appears to be to emerge as a fully vertically integrated brand, as demonstrated by recent acquisitions. For example, Valeant has recently acquired a host of companies, including Solta Holdings Inc, Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp, and Obagi Medical Products Inc.
This being Europe with far more lax regulation for medical devices to gain a CE Mark, there were several new items of note. Innovations and medical devices to improve the predictability of the lipofilling process created a lot of excitement at the conference. Guy Magalon, MD, a plastic surgeon from Marseille, France, presented his experience with fat grafting utilizing the new Puregraft® 50 System, which just received FDA clearance in the US. Unlike centrifuge techniques, Puregraft maintains the integrity of fat tissue structures through the use of gravity and a proprietary filtration technique. "We are able to obtain a healthier, more viable graft more rapidly," he said.
Clinical researcher Serge Mordon, PhD, of the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research in Lille, France, provided an overview of new techniques for scar reduction, concluding that the initiation of laser treatment within the first few weeks after injury may prevent adverse scar proliferation. The LASH® (Laser Assisted Skin Healing) Treatment from Ekkyo was originally an 800-nm diode laser that has been upgraded to 1,210 nm to avoid complications with melanin, so that skin types I-VI can be treated safely.
He also described ReCell® (Avita Medical) Spray-On Skin™ as a stand-alone autologous cell harvesting, processing, and delivery technology that uses the patient's own cells to accelerate wound healing and minimize scar formation. "ReCell® is a cell culture product that allows for the
immediate processing of small split-thickness skin biopsy to produce a complete population of cells, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and fibroblasts," he explained. ReCell® is under clinical investigation and is not approved for marketing in the US at this time.
Several twists on injection systems were also attracting attention. RollerJet® was demonstrated by Milanese plastic surgeon Daniel Cassuto, MD. This device is a multi-needle syringe intended for transdermal delivery of filling substances. The device creates micro channels below the dermal epidermal junction to infuse material of the physician's choice.
Juvaplus, Geneva, Switzerland, displayed its Juvapen™ cordless powered injection system that consists of three speeds of injection, flow modes and drop modes, and is compatible with most syringe types.
LE VIEILLISSEMENT DU VISAGE
Great controversy erupted concerning the way faces age and how aesthetic physicians evaluate facial aging to determine the best treatment protocol.
"Great anatomists and iconic plastic surgeons … have challenged the traditional assumptions about facial aging and came up with results that leave us with a challenge of our own: to make sense of some of our past rejuvenation techniques," said Parisienne Maxillofacial Surgeon Nelly Gauthier, MD, who received the IMCAS Award this year for the best program. "But most importantly, those discoveries about facial aging open the path to future directions to improve our rejuvenating treatments and fulfill this acute, ever-growing consumer need to keep looking young for longer."
She continued: "My aim with this program was to detail those discoveries and confront them with the actual treatments. Are we performing real rejuvenation or real transformation of faces? It seems we often do the latter. Knowledge is power, and I wanted to give the audience a little bit of both."
Plastic Surgeon Val Lambros, MD, of Newport Beach, Calif, began the definitive longitudinal study of aging in 2005. His research incorporates repeated observations of faces over long periods, often several decades. "We understand facial aging by the things that we do to try to correct it. Our perception of aging is evolutionary and hard-wired in the brain," he said.
Lambros asked the crowd, "What makes people look older?" "There are many sufficient conditions to consider, including old skin, deep creases, and the ratio of eyes and mouth," he answered. "Weight has profound effects on aging. Fat people age differently because they have less wrinkles and more deep creases," he concluded. "Deflation can mimic descent. The face is not a digital structure; it is analog. It has curves, and curves have meanings and can tell you things. Even tiny physical changes can make huge perceptual changes."
Lambros pointed out that certain components of the aging process are almost universal, such as the fact that the upper lip thins and stretches and the lid cheek junction remains stable. "Just because you can pick it up doesn't mean that it fell down. Just because it didn't fall down doesn't mean that you shouldn't pick it up," he said. "Easy conclusions are learned quickly, but the longer term is needed to be able to prove what happens with the formation of jowls and the flow of tissues in the cheek. It is frustrating and demanding research that will take decades to complete."
Philippe Kestemont, MD, a facial plastic surgeon in Nice, France, presented his anatomical approach to facial filling. "There are two points of balance in the face: the eyebrow and the labial corner," he said. He explained his injection technique using SoftFil® cannulae for enhanced precision.
The surgical tracks focused on facial and body techniques, with special attention given to rhinoplasty.
New York facial plastic surgeon Minas Constantinides, MD, presented a technique dubbed, "The Lateral Crus Canting Suture." "This technique enhances the aesthetics of the alae and tip while at the same time opening the internal nasal valves," he said. "It specifically elevates the inferior border of the lateral crus of the tip cartilage, stabilizing the nostril edge without the need of additional cartilage grafting. At the same time, it elevates the inferior border of the upper lateral cartilage, which opens the internal nasal valve."
A new ultrasonic rhinosculpture technique was presented for the first time by Parisian plastic surgeon Olivier Gerbault, MD, an IMCAS course coordinator. Gerbault has been working on this project and designing the specialized instruments for more than a year. "This method involves a set of instruments designed to trim and reshape the nasal bones with a piezoelectric motion of the inserts," he said. "It allows a very accurate control of the fracture lines, without any irradiated fractures."
Moreover, the soft tissues are spared, without any risk of injuring the skin or the mucosa, Gerbault explained. "The nasal bones can easily be trimmed and also reshaped with rasps and burrs. This breakthrough technology simplifies rhinoplasty, while decreasing postoperative bruising for patients."
LE FILLING
The whole category of injection devices and innovative instruments has exploded in Europe, and in the past few years it has made its way to the US. Europe is swimming in fillers of all shapes and sizes, including discounted products flooding the market from Asia.
Hassan Galadari, MD, a dermatologist from Dubai, presented the results of a split-face clinical comparing a novel filler, Ellansé (polycaprolactone) S to a leading hyaluronic acid gel (Perlane). "I have been using Ellansé since 2009 and have not had any permanent complications and no granuloma," he said.
It is a microsphere-based product that is essentially composed of the same material as Monocryl and made into an injectable gel. The filler comes in four different types. The Ellansé dermal filler family includes
S, M, L, and E. "Ellansé E lasts for about
4 years and is ideal for HIV patients. The
S and M last from 1 to 2 years, respectively, and are what I use most often."
Herve Raspaldo, MD, a facial plastic surgeon from Cannes, France, presented data on Juvéderm® Volift® with Lidocaine for facial sculpting using Vycross hyaluronic acid gel (Allergan). "Vycross is as good and as advanced as Voluma, but it is softer and more forgiving," he said.
He also presented the results of a scientific study comparing Volbella with Restylane in the lips. "We found that there was a better outcome and less adverse events with Volbella, which is softer, malleable, and gives more natural and predictable lips."
Parisian plastic surgeon Pierre Nicolau, MD, presented some severe complications from permanent filler injections using polyacrylamide gels. Specifically, vascular problems represented 16% of complications, or four cases per 10,000 injections, and full necrosis occurred in four cases per 100,000 injections. "The most common risk comes from direct injection within an artery. The risk factor for vascular problem is using a too thin needle, too much volume, and too much pressure," he said.
Dermatologist Philip Levy, MD, from Geneva, Switzerland, best known for his coveted Nefertiti Lift technique, introduced a novel facial injection concept. "I advanced an original Hyaluronic acid gel lip rejuvenation injection technique combining both a precise four-point sequence to lift the corner of the mouth associated with an original central lower lip natural plumping."
Florida dermatologist Susan Weinkle, MD, spoke on periorbital rejuvenation using multiple modalities. "Periorbital chemical peeling is often overlooked as an adjunct to treatment of this area with neuromodulators and soft-tissue augmentation."
The tear trough is challenging, she said. "Even when the Hyaluronic acid is placed in the deep plane, you can over time begin to see a tyndall effect due to weakness of the obicularis oculi muscle. Therefore, using superficial placement with a 32g needle and a Hyaluronic acid that does not appear to cause tyndall is an excellent alternative."
Another new filler from Korea and LG Life Sciences is Yvoire®, called a Reliable HA material, that utilizes a technology to stabilize high-concentration, high-molecular-weight cross-linked Hyaluronic acid. There are two variations: Classic and Volume.
Fat grafting is also experiencing a resurgence. "Thanks to the advent of volumizing fillers, the patient awareness of facial atrophy is driving the quest for a longer-lasting, more economical full face filler," said New York dermatologist Lisa Donofio, MD.
Fat freezing and melting, breast augmentation with fat and implants, and vaginal rejuvenation were among the main themes presented during body sessions.
"The use of lasers for vaginal rejuvenation is one of the groundbreaking developments which can have a huge impact on patients' quality of life," said British plastic surgeon Christopher Inglefield, MD, who chaired a session on Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation. Bernard Mole, MD, a Parisian plastic surgeon, presented about a unique filler. "Vivacy Desirial® is specifically developed for vaginal injections," he said. "Desirial, which is a cross-linked Hyaluronic acid gel that is injected into the dermis of the labium, works to maintain elasticity and proper functioning of female genital tissue, which can become thin and dry." Desirial® Plus is also used for remodeling the labia majora. Vivacy is unique in that it contains mannitol, a natural antioxidant, incorporated into a monophasic gel.
Inglefield also presented a new type of breast implants, B-Lite Breast Implants, that are currently under clinical investigation. "This represents the most significant development in breast implants for 30 years," he said. "B-Lite is two-thirds the weight of standard implants, thereby reducing the long-term consequences of implant tissue interaction."
Syneron Medical presented a comprehensive Body Shaping Symposium featuring the new VelaShape® III and UltraShape® systems. According to Boca Raton plastic surgeon Jason Pozner, MD, "Syneron's new VelaShape III is a hotter device. The radiofrequency (RF) energy has more power, so it works better and heats up tissue in much less time, providing more consistent results with less discomfort."
LA TECHNOLOGIE MÉDICALE
There was a big emphasis on new equipment and medical devices, many of which demonstrated added versatility, smaller size, and increased ease of use.
New Jersey dermatologist David Goldberg, MD, presented a synopsis of RF monopolar deep volume heating, bipolar superficial heating, and unipolar that heats like a microwave oven. "Unipolar devices, such as Alma VShape™, have been used to treat cellulite and skin tightening. New RF devices can also melt fat cells from BTL Aesthetics Vanquish™ and InMode
Body Fx™."
Venus Concept introduced its new Venus Legacy workstation, featuring LiftFx™ and SculptFx™. "With Venus Legacy, there is a wonderful opportunity to delve into body contouring," said Nashville dermatologist Michael Gold, MD. "The 4D technology platform combines multipolar RF, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and adjustable pulsed suction with real-time thermal feedback."
The next generation to be introduced in the near future will be Venus Viva™, a portable unit offering fractional RF. "The Venus Viva is a new-generation fractional radiofrequency technology that can be used on all skin types for skin tightening, acne scarring, and pore shrinkage," added New York dermatologist and PSP editorial advisory board member Neil Sadick, MD.
LE PEAU
Dermatologist Mukta Sachdev, MBBS, MD, from Bengaluru Area, India, gave several presentations on potential complications in darker skins and how to avoid them. She introduced "grid fractional technology," a newer technology used for nonablative rejuvenation for darker skin types. She emphasized patient selection, avoiding complications, and managing postinflammation hyperpigmentation as the best ways to ensure best physician and patient outcomes.
Dermatologist Raechel Eckel, MD, from Ireland conducted a workshop on treating healthy skin, sponsored by ZO® Skin Health. "According to Dr Zein Obagi's classification, unhealthy skin is discolored, rough, diseased, dry, sensitive, and loose," she said. "Deciding as a physician on whether I need topical agents or peels as well depends on where the pigmentation is. If the pigment has gone deeper into the dermis, it will require a peeling agent. Hydroquinone is only safe to use for a period of 5 months. After that, we cannot continue to treat pigmentation with hydroquinone." Eckel added that lasers should never be a first-line treatment for pigmentation.
German dermatologist Welf Prager, MD, presented the results of a clinical trial combing cosmeceuticals and lasers. "Combination of different treatments lead to improved results through synergistic effects, and starting patients on a cosmeceutical program pre-, peri-, and postprocedural is very much appreciated by the patients," he said.
The study combined nonablative fractional Laser (Emerge 1410 nm Diode Laser, Palomar) with CEFerulic® (SkinCeuticals) directly applied after laser treatment. "Due to perforation of the skin, the uptake of the products is significantly increased," he said. "We concluded in our study that the use of antioxidants in CEFerulic® is safe in this setting and improves the outcome of the procedure. Due to reduction of oxidative stress, the downtime was reduced, and the outcome for reduction of wrinkles and dyschromia was enhanced."
Finally, IMCAS 2014 marked the second edition of the Humanitarian Awards. La Jolla Plastic Surgery's Steven Cohen, MD, presented three special awards dedicated to the memory of the late Thomas Rees, MD. The winners were German Plastic Surgeon Andre Borsche, French anesthesiologist Jean-Michel Ekherian, and Italian dermatologist Professor Torrelli Lotti for their outstanding medical contributions and humanitarian efforts.
For more info, visit www.IMCAS.com.
Wendy Lewis is president of Wendy Lewis & Co Ltd, Global Aesthetics Consultancy, ?www.wendylewisco.com, founder/editor in chief of beautyinthebag.com, and a contributing editor to Plastic Surgery Practice. She can be reached at [email protected].
Original citation for this article: Lewis, W. The Last Time I Saw Paris: Live from International Master Course on Aging Skin Paris 2014, Plastic Surgery Practice. 2014; March: 22-25.
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I LOVE our group! While recruiting, I tried to find as diverse a group as possible. On that front, I think we nailed it! There are nine of us in total. Our group spans multiple generations, with a few different ethnicities, religions, and geographic origins. I also don't believe any two members share the same occupation or industry. Most members were invited though sending direct messages, but I also posted about the Circle on a local Facebook alumni group from my undergrad university.
I can honestly say that I'm happier, healthier, and more productive since our Circle started meeting. The simple act of having a conversation with great people once a month makes me happy. I really look forward to our meetings. The commitments I've made coming out of each meeting have also helped me prioritize what's important and to simply "be better." Additionally, I'm a more confident speaker and facilitator than when we started. We've only met four times, but I feel like I've improved since we started. Don't get me wrong, I have a long way to go, but appreciate the relaxed and supportive setting to practice.
Can my answer be, "whichever virtue we discussed last?" I enjoy our conversations at each meeting so much that I feel like I have a ton of momentum and motivation around that virtue for the rest of the month. Looking forward, Sincerity and Justice really speak to me, but Resolution is probably the virtue I most closely identify with. I find the concept of "performing without fail" impactful and inspiring.
Following our conversation on Resolution, I made a commitment to actually write down my To-Do list and prioritize it each day. (Quick shout out to Order as well!) The simple act of moving random tasks from inside my head to a checklist is helping me actually get these things done. Completing tasks for work and major tasks like grocery shopping and meal prep are easy. It's the random little tasks, like writing a thank you note or sending a follow-up text to a friend, that too often never get done because I don't write them down. Not anymore! So far, so good!


Sometimes I wonder what people would say about us if they lived like a fly on the wall in our house, watching our everyday.
I quickly realize I'm better off not knowing.
Our home is my safest place, which means, it's where I can be my ugliest. Sure, the no make-up, hair a mess, wearing-baby-puke-as-an-accessory kind of yuck. But also the ugly that an come out of my mouth, my attitude, the way I treat the people I love the most.
I realized something the other night, as I was sitting on the couch with my husband, and we were reminiscing about the past seven years of our marriage. I've never lived a day in my adult life without being married to this man. We've grown up together while also growing our family, and that small detail is really important.
When January came rolling around earlier this year, I was so excited about the prospect of what 2018 could be. I went ahead and dreamt up these goals for the year that were high-in-the-sky in my mind. Unattainable, for the most part. And you know what? I have almost no intention of reaching the goals.
I was two months out from having my fourth baby, which by the way, left me sore for nearly three months. I was wrangling kids all day everyday, doing some writing here and there, and had zero time for anything besides surviving. Exhausted, strung out, joyful, but just done by 9 PM. I knew when I made this list of goals that they were not happening anytime soon.
You and I are pretty obsessed with making "it all" look good, aren't we? We snap photos of our best and share them. We type up the stories from our days and post them. We tweet our feels and wait for favorites, create lengthy instastories about God's revelation in our life, give our opinions a stage, and we just want it all to look the part. I spend too much of my time living there. Don't you? Obsessively giving our platforms the time of day to appear as if our life is something it just might not be.
But what my life is, honestly, most of you never will see. It's in hidden moments, behind closed doors, surrounded by walls, and lived out while the people I hold closest are watching. And these goals that I created? I don't really care if they ever are achieved this year. It is what it is. I have a book list with nearly 20-30 books, and I have read none. Are you with me?
My life and what it isn't could nearly destroy so much of me. It isn't all good. It doesn't even all look that great. And instead of living in this influence culture where we use our voices on the Internet to foster change, I just want to go be that woman. I want to just be the woman that I talk about all the time, the one that struggles hard to just be a decent human and knows it, the one whose kindness isn't seen by anyone but God, the one who just isn't concerned with what this all could be. What it isn't isn't the point.
If He doesn't matter most, then what matters at all?
I get to be here, all here, wherever "here" is. The whole world can wait while what's right in front of me has all my attention.
I don't need more. If I think for a moment that I don't have enough of anything, I cheapen the cost of God's love for me.
It is what it is: He is enough, truly, in all things.
I shudder to think what conversations the flies have after watching all the stupid things I do every day.


text:
Make No Mistake: Russia Remains The Only Target Country Of NATO's Nuclear Weapons
Posted by Tyler Durden on December 6, 2016 6:00 am
Tags: Afghanistan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Estonia, Foreign Relations, france, germany, Hungary, international relations, italy, Latvia, Law, Lithuania, NATO, NATO–Russia relations, Netherlands, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Nuclear proliferation, Nuclear sharing, Nuclear strategies, Nuclear warfare, Nuclear weapon, Pentagon, Poland, Politics, Romania, Slovakia, State Party, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vladimir Putin, War, western Europe
Categories: Afghanistan Belgium Bulgaria China Economy Estonia Foreign relations france germany Hungary International relations italy Latvia Law Lithuania NATO NATO–Russia relations Netherlands North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nuclear proliferation Nuclear sharing Nuclear strategies Nuclear warfare Nuclear weapon Pentagon Poland Politics Romania Slovakia State Party Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Turkey United Kingdom Vladimir Putin War western Europe
Submitted by Brian Cloughley via Strategic-Culture.org,
Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States are the world's five «nuclear weapons states», a description officially recognised in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which lays down that «each nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices…»
It is apparent that the word 'transfer' involves ownership and not location, because the United States has transferred many nuclear weapons to countries which, although members of the US-NATO military alliance, are not nuclear weapons states. An analysis by the Nuclear Threat Initiative indicates that the US has positioned 160-200 B-61 nuclear warheads «at six bases in five NATO countries: Belgium (10-20), Germany (10-20), Italy (60-70), Netherlands (10-20), and Turkey (60-70)».
According to a NATO statement of December 2015, «A number of NATO member countries contribute a dual-capable aircraft (DCA) capability to the Alliance. These aircraft are available for nuclear roles at various levels of readiness – the highest level of readiness is measured in weeks. In their nuclear role, the aircraft are equipped to carry nuclear bombs and personnel are trained accordingly».
The claim that the readiness level is measured in weeks is intriguing, because, as indicated in the US-NATO Readiness Action Plan of October 2015, the entire alliance is gearing up for war against Russia and, among other blatantly provocative initiatives, is «Raising the readiness and capabilities of the Multinational Corps Northeast Headquarters in Szczecin, Poland and enhancing its role as a hub for regional cooperation».
NATO's policy of confrontation with Russia is causing some disquiet in western Europe, whose citizens are kept in the dark about the depth and demands of the military alliance to which their countries are committed, such as their aircraft being «equipped to carry nuclear bombs». It is policy that the US B-61 nuclear weapons stored in Europe are delivered to targets by aircraft of the Belgian, Dutch, German and Italian air forces.
NATO declares that «Nuclear weapons are a core component of the Alliance's overall capabilities for deterrence and defence alongside conventional and missile defence forces». This strategy was approved at its 2012 Summit in Chicago, but had been evident for many years and had been continued in spite of the ending of the Cold War against the Soviet Union, a quarter of a century ago. Since then NATO has maintained a firm nuclear posture, but the question that was never asked in the post-Cold War years of NATO's expansion towards Russia's borders was «against whom are your nuclear weapons directed?»
There could be only one target country. What nation other than Russia could possibly interest the US-NATO military alliance? It is unlikely that the Brussels headquarters of NATO, the regional office of the Pentagon, is considering using nuclear weapons against any other country in the world. Even in the course of its catastrophic wars in Afghanistan and Libya it couldn't have possibly considered a nuclear option.
Large numbers of US nuclear weapons systems were withdrawn from Europe at the end of the Cold War, but many remain, in the embrace of NATO, which Brussels uncompromisingly states will «remain a nuclear alliance» for «as long as nuclear weapons exist».
At the manifestly anti-Russian NATO Summit in Warsaw in July it was noted by Arms Control that «Leaders of the 28 member countries of NATO strongly criticized Russian nuclear behaviour and reaffirmed the security role played by US nuclear weapons deployed in Europe. The sections of the alliance statement, or communiqué, devoted to nuclear weapons are nearly three times as long as those issued at the 2014 summit in the United Kingdom». It is not surprising that Russia was criticised — but it is NATO that has been performing nuclear antics.
For many years before the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO had been deploying aircraft all round Europe that were capable of delivering nuclear weapons against Russia. The only difference in recent times is that NATO, as recorded by Arms Control in June 2016, «is beefing up its nuclear posture. Polish F-16s participated for the first time on the sidelines of a NATO nuclear strike exercise at the end of 2014. As a clear signal to Russian President Vladimir Putin, four B-52 bombers flew a nuclear strike mission over the North Pole and the North Sea in a bomber exercise in April 2015. Although these planes did not have nuclear weapons on board, they were equipped to carry 80 nuclear air-launched cruise missiles».
It goes further than that, because NATO's most recent nuclear-associated deployments to the Baltic have involved aircraft from Belgium's 10th Tactical Wing which is based at Kleine Brogel Air Base and flies US-supplied F-16 nuclear-capable strike aircraft. NATO reported that four of them are currently conducting missions from Ämari Air Base in Estonia, in order «to guard the Baltic skies against unauthorised overflights» and that their duties included «intercepting Russian aircraft flying in international airspace at the Baltic borders».
According to NATO, the Mission of the 10th Tactical Wing is «to generate air power effects in the full operational spectrum by putting into action the best combat ready people and equipment to execute or support both conventional and nuclear operations in a joint, national or multinational environment, anytime and anywhere, in the most proficient, safe and efficient manner». So it sends four of 10 Wing's nuclear-capable F-16s, flown by nuclear-delivery trained pilots to Estonia to guard the Baltic skies.
In Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia the Alliance has established «NATO Force Integration Units» which are advanced military headquarters whose Mission is «to improve cooperation and coordination between NATO and national forces, and prepare and support exercises and any deployments needed». The relentless expansion of US-NATO forces right up to Russia's borders continues apace, with formation of a «new standing Joint Logistic Support Group Headquarters, to support deployed forces».
NATO is on a war footing, and has made it clear that «nuclear weapons are a core component of the Alliance's overall capabilities». The Belgian F-16 deployments, deliberately and provocatively in a most sensitive area on Russia's borders, together with creation of advanced military control organisations in eight countries, have been authorised and greeted with approval by western governments whose citizens have little understanding that the west's policy of confrontation is increasing tension day by day.
Russia has no intention of invading any of the Baltic nations, or, indeed, any other country. It has no interest whatever in becoming engaged in conflict that could result only in vast expenditure, no territorial gain of any value, and destruction of much-valued trade and other commercial arrangements.
Yet NATO's nuclear capabilities are to be boosted by an $8 billion upgrade to the B-61 nuclear bombs held in the US and five other NATO nations. This escalation in nuclear capabilities is consistent with NATO's deployment of nuclear-capable aircraft to countries on Russia's borders, and it can be hoped only that next year Washington will call a halt to the escalating confrontation caused by a military organisation that the President-elect perceptively called «obsolete».


text:
<?php

class Shopgo_AramexShipping_Block_Adminhtml_System_Config_Form_Button
    extends Mage_Adminhtml_Block_System_Config_Form_Field
{
    protected function _construct()
    {
        parent::_construct();
        $template = $this->setTemplate('shopgo/aramex_shipping/system/config/button.phtml');
        if (Mage::registry('aramex_suppliers_data') && Mage::registry('aramex_suppliers_data')->getId()) {
            $template->setData('id', Mage::registry('aramex_suppliers_data')->getId());
        }
    }

    protected function _getElementHtml(Varien_Data_Form_Element_Abstract $element)
    {
        return $this->_toHtml();
    }

    public function getAjaxCheckUrl()
    {
        return Mage::helper('adminhtml')->getUrl('aramexshipping/adminhtml_aramex/checkaccount');
    }

    public function getButtonHtml()
    {
        $button = $this->getLayout()->createBlock('adminhtml/widget_button')->setData(
            array(
                'id'      => 'aramex_account_checker',
                'label'   => $this->helper('adminhtml')->__('Check Account'),
                'onclick' => 'javascript:checkAramexAccount(); return false;'
            )
        );

        return $button->toHtml();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Monica and Devon Jones' parenting philosophy has always been about giving their children the freedom to grow. But teaching their now 5-year-old daughter life lessons almost cost them their custody.
Last year, the couple allowed their then-4-and-a-half-year-old daughter to play at the park across the street while one of the parents watched from a distance.
Someone spotted the child playing alone and called Child Protective Services to investigate.
"A few weeks later CPS came to our house and interviewed us. They wanted to find out what was going on and then proceeded to tell us they were going to find substantiated neglect," Devon Jones said.
The couple appealed the findings and were prepping to fight the charges in court, but inconsistencies and a missing witness led to the charges being dropped.
The couple is now calling for a change. They are in the process of gathering support and created the Facebook page Free Range Kids Colorado in hopes of bringing a "free-range" parenting law to Colorado. The law was just passed in Utah, making it the first state to let parents give their kids more freedom to be on their own without fearing they'll be charged with a crime. The child can't be in imminent danger of being harmed.
"It gives it another level of protection to parents who just want to let their kids play outside. Since it's discretionary we have no actual guidelines as to when it's safe to allow our daughter to go out and play with other kids," Devon Jones said.
The new law in Utah passed without a single "no" vote.


Returning to the podcast is David Henderson of Stanford University's Hoover Institution and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey California.
"After World War II the German economy lay in shambles. The war, along with Hitler's scorched-earth policy, had destroyed 20 percent of all housing. Food production per capita in 1947 was only 51 percent of its level in 1938, and the official food ration set by the occupying powers varied between 1,040 and 1,550 calories per day. Industrial output in 1947 was only one-third its 1938 level. Moreover, a large percentage of Germany's working-age men were dead. At the time, observers thought that West Germany would have to be the biggest client of the U.S. welfare state; yet, twenty years later its economy was envied by most of the world. And less than ten years after the war people already were talking about the German economic miracle.
What caused the so-called miracle? The two main factors were currency reform and the elimination of price controls, both of which happened over a period of weeks in 1948. A further factor was the reduction of marginal tax rates later in 1948 and in 1949."
We discuss the West German economy, before and after WWII, and contrast it with the East German economy. We also discuss some of the interesting figures who played roles along the way: Ludwig Erhard, Wilhelm Röpke, Konrad Adenauer, and Walter Heller.
We wrap up by discussing the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics itself, which David created and has edited since its first publication in 1993.


text:
Q: Did pylon spawn rate increase? With patch 2.3, I've been seeing way more pylons, even 2-3x per rift (~6-7). I've checked the official update log, but I didn't see such addition (there is a nerf to it, but nothing more is shown).
Am I just extra-lucky or was it changed with update?

A: There is no definitive proof that the pylon spawn rates have increased. It's not uncommon to hit 5-8 pylons if you full clear a rift normally.
The amount of enemies needed for a clear has increased, so they may have increased the pylon spawn rate. But there is just no way to know for sure at this moment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tag: to reflect
Edgard Schein
Introduction into the analysis of the behavior of organizations, in this case SMEs, becomes necessary to probe how has developed its organizational culture through their performance, where are their strengths, weaknesses as well as the management has affected that she is understood, managed by its human resources, in such a way that favours him. Unfortunately, many SMEs, which have neglected that represents the scope, the advantages of having a good organizational culture, by absence of a proactive management, with up-to-date knowledge of administrative science, in addition to vision, strategy and initiative more if this is authentic in its operation that has kept during their survival. General considerations, reach every company must have a good organizational culture in such a way that its human resources is identified with her, remember them important, relevant to you is to keep a good organizational behavior thanks to this organizational culture that has been given on where he manifest the results, accomplishments, scope and that has allowed companies to exit avante in the environment where it operates. Read more from Ben Silbermann to gain a more clear picture of the situation. A culture where the values, beliefs, commitment are integrated. For Katan, what is important is not what culture is, but what it implies, a complex system of beliefs congruent and interrelated values, strategies and cognitive contexts, that guides shared knowledge bases. The opposite for Edgard Schein, who notes that the organizational culture is a model of basic assumptions, invented, discovered, or developed by a group to learn how to deal with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, model that it has worked long enough to be considered valid and therefore to be taught to new members as the correct way of doingthink, and feel in relation to these problems Schein (1988) refers to the set of values, expectations needs, beliefs, policies and standards accepted and practised by them..


Men's Soccer Returns to Win Column with Shutout of Lasell College.
The men's soccer team hosted its fifth game out of its last six contests overall and grabbed a 1-0 win to snap a four-game losing streak.
Curry's last victory came at home on Sept. 18, in a 3-1 decision over Maine Maritime Academy.
Lasell College came to Milton with a 1-8 record on the season, and 0-4 in their respective conference, the Great Northeast Athletic Conference. The recipe seemed to be manifesting for the Colonels to come out of their four-game skid where they were being outscored 14-2.
The first half started and the game was underway, but don't tell the teams that. There wasn't much of anything going on either side of the field, with neither team recording more than ten shots.
Curry goalkeeper, Dan Johnson, was needed only twice to save shots, and the Lasers' Patrick McAvoy was needed thrice.
At the intermission it was a scoreless tie with both teams also failing to receive a corner kick.
The whistle to play resumed the second half of play and the Colonels came hot out of the gate. More of their possessions were going deeper into the Lasell zone and less balls were getting to Johnson.
Curry again recorded nine shots in a half, each one seeming to get closer and closer to beating McAvoy.
In the 80th minute, the Colonels were awarded their third corner kick of the game with time running out. Curry wouldn't capitalize directly off the corner, but Ben Silvia talked about what he saw after the game.
His goal came with only 7:22 left to play, and from that point on, the Lasers couldn't finish anything else they started and time expired, leaving the Colonels victorious.
"To get a win today it feels nice because it reaffirms that we're doing the right things and it's always nice to get the result when you played well," head coach Pete Mendel said following the game.
Silvia Shot, Score: Silvia's goal was his fourth of the season, keeping him in the top 20 goal-scorers in the entire Commonwealth Coast Conference.
Never a bad time for a Second: Dan Johnson recorded his second shutout of the season, bringing his save count up to 62.
Conference Time: The Colonels host the University of New England for an 11 a.m. kickoff Saturday for five conference games out of their final six total games.


text:
14.05.2006 Football News
GFA to wipe out Middle League competition
Accra, May 13, GNA - The Ghana Football Association (GFA) is considering scraping the Sub and National Middle League as well as play off competitions from its calendar in a bid to make relegation and promotion of clubs into the premiership more flexible and cost effective.
The proposal is expected to be placed before Congress in July, the highest decision making body of the statutes of the GFA.
Mr Jones Abu Alhassan, an Executive Member of the GFA told the GNA Sports that the play offs, Sub and National Middle Leagues have become more expensive and laborious and there is therefore the need to seek other alternatives to lessen the problem.
In the place of the above competitions, Clubs which emerge as winners of each zone in a group will play against each other to determine the overall winner or a form of a criss-cross pairing will be adopted to determine the over-all winner of each group.
He said with this arrangement, the over-all winners of each group will then secure an entry ticket to the premiership.
On the other hand, the three bottom clubs in the premiership would drop straight to the First Division, thus bringing an end to the era of plays offs, sub and national middle leagues.
He said Clubs already with precarious financial situations and who spend fortunes on preparing for such competitions therefore need the introduction of a more flexible system that will ease their problems. According to the GFA member, scraping those competitions will ensure that Clubs that participate in the premiership are evenly spread across the length and breath of the country.
He cited the situation where the Greater Accra Region alone has five Clubs in the 16-club premiership, which he said did not aid the development of soccer in the country.
Mr Abu Alhassan said an even spread of Premier League Clubs in the country will aid the development of football since more talents will be unearthed in every part of the country.
He expressed optimism that the proposal will receive a favourable response from Congress to lead to its final adaptation. The sub and national middle league is a form of a round robin mini league system used in determining Clubs that joins the premiership at the beginning of every soccer season.
The first two Clubs at the end of the Middle League gain automatic entry into the premiership whilst the third placed Club engages in a play off with the third team from the bottom club of the elite league vying for the final slot.


text:
Das Zisterzienserinnenkloster Courville war von 1642 bis 1748 ein Priorat der Zisterzienserinnen in Courville-sur-Eure, Département Eure-et-Loir, in Frankreich.

Geschichte
Zur Betreuung der in Courville (15 km westlich Chartres) bestehenden Einrichtungen zur Armen- und Siechenpflege wurde 1642 (ein Jahr nach dem von Saint-Aignan) das Kloster Saint-Bernard der sog. Bernhardinerinnen (Zisterzienserinnen) gegründet. 1748 kam es zur Auflösung des Klosters. Die Kapelle Saint-Gilles (in der Rue de l'Arsenal und der Rue Saint-Gilles), heute Sitz des Touristikbüros (Syndicat d'Initiative), gehörte wahrscheinlich zum Klosterkomplex. Peugniez kennt das Kloster nicht.

Literatur
V. Chevard: Histoire de Chartres et de l'ancien pays chartrain, avec une description statistique du département d'Eure et Loir. Volume 2, Chartres 1802, S. 492.
Guillaume Doyen: Histoire de la ville de Chartres, du pays chartrain, et de la Beauce, Volume 1, Deshayes, Chartres 1786, S. 246.
Armand Pelé: Courville. Essais historiques. Revue des Archives Historiques du Diocèse de Chartres V, Chartres 1900.
Gereon Christoph Maria Becking: Zisterzienserklöster in Europa, Kartensammlung. Lukas Verlag Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-44-4, Blatt 63 A.
Laurent Henri Cottineau: Répertoire topo-bibliographique des abbayes et prieurés. Bd. 1. Protat, Mâcon 1939–1970. Nachdruck: Brepols, Turnhout 1995. Spalte 903 ("Courville, St-Bernard")
Bernard Peugniez: Le Guide Routier de l'Europe Cistercienne. Editions du Signe, Straßburg 2012.

Weblinks
 Eintrag im Zisterzienserprojekt des Fotografen Carsten Gier
 Archivauszüge betreffend Couvent des Bernardines in Courville-sur-Eure
  "Courville, Saint-Bernard" in Cistopedia -  Encyclopaedia Cisterciensis

Courville
Gegründet 1644
Aufgelöst 1748
Kloster in Centre-Val de Loire
Organisation (Département Eure-et-Loir)
Courville-sur-Eure

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Main Campus: Chesterfield, MO 63017 | Locations
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Sense of sight
Vision occurs when light is processed by the eye and interpreted by the brain. Light passes through the transparent eye surface (the cornea). The pupil, the black opening in the front of the eye, is an opening to the eye interior. It can get larger or smaller to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The colored portion, called the iris, is really a muscle controlling the pupil size. The inside of the eye is filled with a gel-like fluid. There is a flexible, transparent lens that focuses light so it hits on the back of the eye (the retina). The retina converts light energy into a nerve impulse that is carried to the brain and then interpreted.
Reviewed By: Laura J. Martin, MD, MPH, ABIM Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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Elisha, as a religious figure, is larger than life and his special stature is not lost on the Shunamite, a wealthy but childless woman. She and her husband decide to provide Elisha with food and shelter on his visits to their town and, in turn, Elisha feels obliged to reciprocate with a prophecy that the Shunamite will give birth to a son. This prophecy is realized. However, one day the child falls sick while visiting his father in the field and later that day dies in his mother's arms. The Shunamite takes her dead son and places him on the bed set aside for Elisha's visits to the town and closes the door to the room. She then travels to the Carmel to find Elisha in order to plead with him for the life of her beloved son.
When she meets up with Elisha, this dramatic tragedy takes an unusual turn. The Shunamite falls down at his feet to plead with him for the life of her son. Elisha, the prophet, is totally unaware of her plight. Only when he sees her does he become aware of her tragedy. What is his response? He sends his servant, Gehazzi, to use the prophet's walking staff to revive the child. Gehazzi tries to bring the child back to life but is unsuccessful. Only then does Elisha, himself, go and revive the child.
Rabbi Meir Simcha Hacohen, the 19th century Lithuanian Talmudist and interpreter best known by the title of his book – Meshek Hochmah, finds an important religious message in this series of unusual events. He questions Elisha's behavior in this episode. Elisha should have gone immediately and carried out the mission himself. Yet, he initially felt that his obligations were adequately fulfilled by sending his servant. He felt compelled to return the kindness of the Shunamite who fed him and provided him with shelter. He thought that he could accomplish this simply by sending his servant. The mission fails because Elisha did not give sufficiently of himself. This failure teaches Elisha an important religious lesson. People are not to be treated in such a utilitarian way. He must learn his lesson from the Shunamite, who gave of herself completely and selflessly. It was her faith in God and in Elisha that provides the him the strength to carry out the miracle. Only when he realized this truth did he succeed.
The hero of this story, according to the Meshek Hochmah, is the Shunamite. She teaches the prophet a valuable lesson in morality, human sensitivity and most important of all, how to relate to God.


text:
The Proclaim Gathering: Healing the Violence and Celebrating Fabulousness!
Sharei Green July 27, 2017 No Comments
Participants at the Proclaim Gathering. Photo by Emily Ann Garcia
by Meagan McLaughlin
Proclaim Member
I flew to Chicago with my wife Karen feeling both excited and apprehensive about the Proclaim Gathering: excited to delve into the theme, Healing from Violence. Excited to have Karen experience Proclaim. Excited to welcome new Executive Director Amanda Nelson, and bless outgoing Director Amalia Vagts as she starts seminary. And of course, excited because . . . . FABULOUSNESS!
Apprehensive because, to be honest, after nearly two years of seeking a first call, it can be difficult at times to celebrate the joys and challenges of ministry with others when waiting, interviewing, hoping, and rejection leave me discouraged, and worn out.
And so, excited and apprehensive, we arrived. We joined with 68 other Proclaimers and Spice (spouses and significant others of Proclaimers)—18 of which were on full scholarship, thanks to our generous donors—for three days of workshops, worship, fellowship, and fun.
Healing the Violence was incarnated by Chicago area ministers and
Rev. Rebecca Anderson presents at the Gathering. Photo by Josh Evans.
leaders. Rev. Rebecca Anderson, storyteller, and Rev. Julian DeShazier, rapper, entertained and educated us. Community Renewal Society shared their ministry forming and organizing neighborhood leaders around issues of justice. Leaders of La Red challenged us to consider our own participation in violence affecting the Latinx LGBTQIA community. We explored community participation in the sanctuary movement. Proclaimers led conversations on the balance between prophetic and pastoral preaching, and we had the Queerest Text Study Ever—some had to preach when we got back!
Affinity Groups provided connection with others in similar circumstances—those serving in their first call, Sparkle (trans, gender non-conforming, and gender queer), Bi/Pan/etc, regional groups, and Spice gathered for conversation and support. I joined the Awaiting First Call group, and the weariness in me began to fade.
Amalia Vagts and Rev. Amanda Nelson. Photo by Emily Ann Garcia.
Proclaim business was carried out . . . We celebrated Amalia and Amanda, and spent time sharing stories with ELM donors and supporters. We thanked outgoing Chaplains Rev. Amanda Nelson and Rev. Brenda Bos, and welcomed new Chaplains Rev. Chris Wogaman and Mandy Achtenberg (Rev. Jason Clifton and Rev. Susan Halvor will be staying on for one more year, and Amanda is of course moving on to become Executive Director). Amalia and others shared wisdom and enthusiasm around the impact that contributing to ELM has on their faith, and inspired us all to grow in our abilities to encourage stewardship.
And all along the way, Worship, Worship, Worship! Sermons, music, prayer stations, ritual, and communion were shared, all balm for the soul.
And then there was Fellowship, Fellowship, Fellowship! We explored neighboring restaurants and coffee shops, tie-dyed t-shirts, socks, and hats, walked by Lake Michigan, played games, and shared stories and laughter.
I left the Gathering grateful for learning, spiritual renewal, affirmation and encouragement in my journey. Grateful for those who let me ramble (you know who you are!). Grateful for those who shared their sacred stories with me. Grounded thoroughly in the queer community that is Proclaim.
The Gathering next year is August 5-8 next year in Baltimore! Fabulousness awaits!
When she is not interviewing, providing pulpit supply and pastoral care, serving on (yet another) committee, or camping with her wife Karen, you will find Meagan in Minneapolis cuddling with her cats and binge-watching The Great British Baking Show.
It's (Almost) Time To Say Farewell
I like to have closure when I say goodbye – I try to find the right words and often exchange a hug. Sometimes after going through the process, I'll realize I left something in the house and have to return. Or sometimes you just happen to see the person again on the street moments after you say goodbye and you have to ask – do we do this again? Do we hug again?
I have been saying goodbye to this community over the last few months. And because we are a dispersed group, there have been multiple opportunities. And then we all realize I'm not actually done yet, and we have the awkward moment of trying to decide if we say goodbye again.
Of course, there really isn't a need for saying goodbye as I'm only leaving a specific role. I'll be continuing as an avid ELM supporter and will soon become part of the Proclaim community. But relationships are changing. And so, I wanted to take a few moments today to say a final farewell and some words of gratitude as I prepare for my last day in this role, Friday, July 28.
It's been wonderful this week to be with folks at the Proclaim Gathering. We've taken time to look back at the work we've done together and also forward at what is to come. It's been especially good to be here with the Rev. Amanda Nelson, who will step into the role of Executive Director on August 1. Amanda's gifts, passion, and experience for this next call have been readily apparent time and time again this week. I can't wait for you to get to know her! And it was a joy to work with my colleague in ministry, the Rev. Asher O'Callaghan as he directed his first Proclaim Gathering – an exhausting and complex role that involves myriad moving parts and people. I'm so grateful for Asher's steady presence during this time of change for Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries.
On Sunday evening, as we kicked off the Gathering, we did something I've always dreamed of doing and invited supporters of Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries to join us for dinner and worship. A few folks shared incredibly humbling words about my work and I had the chance to thank our supporters, board members, staff, and the Proclaim community for their partnership in our mission. I was also able to give two personal thank yous. First, to Jim Kowalski, who has been my mentor in learning how to talk about giving and who along with his husband Bruce Jervis, have been passionate and joyful givers to Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries. Second, to my dear friends the Rev. Daniel Ruen and Clare Tallon Ruen, who in addition to being generous givers and evangelists in their congregation about our ministry, have also been my Chicago home away from home. I have spent countless nights in their home and they have provided the kind of deep, nourishing friendship that we all need in our lives. At the end of the evening, I received a beautiful piece of art from the community and Board of Directors, which features a quote from Joel Workin that has been so central to me. And there was a most fabulous cake!
It feels right to be saying goodbye to this role now, knowing that the work is in excellent hands. I plan to focus on my candidacy and long-distance studies at Wartburg Seminary and my family and congregational life in Decorah. I'm looking forward to being present with my beloved spouse, David, and our family. David has been an incredible partner to me in this role, which has included a significant time away from home. I'm honored and grateful to share that I'm a recipient of an ELCA Fund for Leaders scholarship, which will fully cover my seminary tuition for the next three years. This is powerful statement about Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries because (as I'm sure anyone reading this will know) my ministry with ELM was a central part of my application. I look forward to joining the Proclaim community and David and I are grateful to continue as enthusiastic supporters of Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries.
This last decade is one words could never fully describe. I'm endlessly grateful for the experiences and friendships that have grown from this work. There could never be words to cover it all, so I will turn to the wisdom of Dag Hammarskjöld:
For all that has been — thanks. For all that will be — yes.
A Short History of Vision and Expectations
Sharei Green July 13, 2017 4 Comments
Updated version to correct editing errors.
by Amalia Vagts
"One vision. Many expectations."
This is a comment I've heard over the years in reference to a church document called Vision and Expectations (click to read the original, 1990, version). It's said as a church-insider joke to address the fact that the document is often mistakenly called, "Visions and Expectations."
Most Lutherans have never heard of Visions & Expectations (click to read the 2017 version). Those involved with the candidacy process are all too familiar with this document, which holds a complex and elusive role in the process of becoming a rostered minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
But few people know the way in which the roots of Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and Vision and Expectations are intertwined.
Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries came about in part because four seminary students came out publicly as gay in the late 1980's. This happened just as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America was being formed. These two church events happened in the context of a changing society – gay and lesbian people had started "coming out" in record numbers and the AIDS crisis was ravaging communities and families.
The "Berkeley Four" came out to their candidacy committees in the late 1980's: (front to back) Jim Lancaster, Jeff Johnson, Greg Egertson, Joel Workin
The moment could have been a prophetic one for the newly formed church. Instead, however, it was widely considered a "crisis." (See Christian Scharen's excellent book Married in the Sight of God for an eye-opening and thorough explanation of how theology is used in a perceived crisis. In this case, Scharen highlights how the ELCA candidacy process – and Vision and Expectations specifically – is used to create compliance with traditional views of sexuality).
Those who were in candidacy in the American Lutheran denominations in the late 1980's and early 90's will recall many ways this played out as the new ELCA sought to find ways to prevent condoning gay and lesbian relationships without condemning gay and lesbian people. Some seminary students remember that everyone was asked if they were "homosexual." Heterosexual allies started refusing to answer in support of their colleagues.
This practice and others were soon dropped and the church turned to creating policy. How and why policies were developed relate in part to the various agreements made among leaders of the Lutheran church bodies (the American Lutheran Church, the Lutheran Church in America, and the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches) whose merger created the ELCA. Policies consistent between the church bodies carried over to the ELCA, but in cases of inconsistency, the ELCA would have no policy on the matter until it created one. This meant the ELCA had no policy forbidding the ordination or calling of a pastor in a same-sex relationship. And they now had candidates approved for ordination (by the American Lutheran Church and the Lutheran Church in America, prior to the merger) who were publicly identifying as gay. This multi-layered process, combined with the decision at the time to exclude gay and lesbian people from ministry, led to the convoluted and insincere process which continues to impact the lives of candidates for ministry today.
Vision and Expectations, 1990
A first draft of a sexuality policy related almost entirely to "homosexuality" was circulated and then rejected during an ELCA Church Council discussion in 1990. A new document based on the four questions asked of candidates in the Rite of Ordination emerged and covered a range of topics: from being a "faithful steward of time, talents, and possessions" to being "exemplary stewards of the earth's resources." The question relating to "holy living" delved into the sexual lives of ministers. Single ministers were expected to live a "chaste" life. Married ministers were expected to give "expression to sexual intimacy within a marriage relationship that is mutual, chaste, and faithful." Ministers "homosexual in their self-understanding" were expected to "abstain from homosexual sexual relationships."
This document was called Vision and Expectations. It was adopted by the ELCA Church Council in October, 1990.
Vision and Expectations
One person who was an ELCA Church Council member at the time said, "I think everyone on the Church Council knew Vision and Expectations was written to forbid ordination of gay and lesbian people in the ELCA rather than about care of elderly parents or avoiding excessive spending."
That early observation was confirmed time and time again by the way that Vision and Expectations was used almost exclusively until 2009 to remove gay and lesbian people from candidacy, despite many other specific provisions in the document. As one colleague commented, "The ELCA never refused ordination to someone because they didn't recycle" (As noted above, Vision and Expectations requires "exemplary stewards of the earth's resources"). And while single and heterosexual candidates could be (and occasionally were) removed from candidacy for sexual activity, there was not widespread enforcement of this, as there was for people identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
The introductory letter to Vision and Expectations states that the document is "offered" to leaders "to inform their lives of service, their discernment and deliberation." The story about Vision and Expectations has always been that it is not a "disciplinary" policy (unlike the document it was based on, Definitions and Guidelines, which is a similar document and which is a stated disciplinary document for rostered leaders).
But as it is experienced by candidates, Vision and Expectations is used as a tool of compliance around matters of sexuality. Those who do not comply are delayed or removed from candidacy.
Like other church conversations about sex, the document is veiled in a sense of euphemism and secrecy. The ELCA's webpage for discerning candidates contains a number of documents, but Vision and Expectations is not one of them. The Candidacy Manual lays out the entire process of candidacy. But the very first mention of Vision and Expectations occurs on page 18. Tellingly, it's referenced in the following context: "When working with an applicant or candidate who is in a same-gender relationship, the Candidacy Committee will follow the same processes for discernment and evaluation as with all other candidates and will use the standards of this church and the Vision and Expectations document."
The seeds of euphemism and secrecy around sex that were laid with Vision and Expectations came to fruition in the 2009 human sexuality statement discussions. The 2009 policy decisions opened the doorway for people who were in what policymakers awkwardly (and politically) called "publicly accountable, lifelong, monogamous, same-gender relationships." But the church did not use the 2009 decisions to explicitly welcome the gifts of LGBTQ+ people for ministry, did not equally support committed relationships, and specifically did not recognize relationships between LGBTQ+ people as "marriage."
Vision and Expectations, 2017.
In fact, even to this day, all persons entering candidacy must agree to "uphold an understanding of marriage that is biblically informed and consistent with the teachings of this church." The footnote to this statement reads, "This 'Vision and Expectations' document uses the terms 'marriage,' 'marry,' and 'married' to refer to marriage between a man and a woman."
As one of the very first steps of the process, a potential candidate for ministry is asked to check a box next to each of the following questions:
Are you familiar with the document "Vision and Expectations?"
Do you intend to live in accord with its standards of conduct as a candidate and as a rostered minister in the ELCA?
At this point, checking the boxes is optional. And the significance of the document often won't be made clear until later in the process. Direct questions about sexual activity are typically not asked, but those who have entered or gone through candidacy can tell you it is omnipresent throughout candidacy via references to Vision and Expectations.
The final reference appears as part of the final approval process and the ambiguity ends with these words, "At approval, candidates will be asked and must state a clear intention to live and conduct themselves in a manner consistent with Vision and Expectations" (page 63 of the recently revised ELCA Candidacy Manual).
For gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons, the answers to those two questions ended candidacy for many until 2009 as Vision and Expectations required them to choose between following a call to ministry and following a call to relationship. Candidates of all sexual orientations today continue to view the document as relating primarily to the sexual activity of ministers.
Author R.W. Holmen provides a rich overview of the early days of Vision and Expectations (and its companion policy, Definitions and Guidelines) in his book Queer Clergy, noting that once adopted, the document "would serve as denominational policy preventing LGBT ordination for the next nineteen years."
Dr. Jeremy Posadas, who served as part of the Goodsoil Legislative Team organized by ReconcilingWorks, was centrally involved with others whose hard work led to the changes in Vision and Expectations that now allow LGBTQ people to serve in ministry. Posadas reflects on the irony of the interconnected history of Vision and Expectations and Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries:
The decades of movement work demonstrate how much the ministry of the Gospel always transcends and exceeds the juridical limitations humans attempt to put on it. Extraordinary Lutheran Ministries (and the Extraordinary Candidacy Project and Lutheran Lesbian & Gay Ministries before them) manifests the Gospel in word and in deed. In many ways, Vision and Expectations had the very opposite effect of what was intended: it occasioned hundreds of LGBTQ candidates and ministers (and the congregations who have supported and rostered them) living more fully into the whole vision of ministry from which Vision and Expectations sought to keep them out.
A New Prophetic Moment
Vision and Expectations was created in response to a perceived crisis. It was drafted primarily to bar gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons from becoming pastors. Present day conversations about Vision and Expectations should include awareness of this and how its history and roots relate to today's candidacy process.
The actions of 2009 opened the door to ministry for LGBTQ+ people. The hundreds of LGBTQ+ people who are new serving, preparing for, or considering ministry are the beautiful result. It is problematic and disheartening that the church continues to use and create policy that does not invite the experience and perspective of LGBTQ+ people.
Our church has a new prophetic moment to consider these questions. How will we engage in new conversations about healthy, just, consensual, life-giving sexuality? What are new ways by which our church could express its vision and expectations for rostered ministers?
In closing, I offer one more passage from Vision and Expectations, this one appearing in the original and present versions:
Ordained ministers are expected to acknowledge the church's past and present failures and to lead the church in its repentance and renewal.
ELM believes that the public witness of LGBTQ+ ministers transforms the church and enriches the world. This connects to our own vision and expectation – that, by being our true selves, we invite others to be their true selves, a bold and public witness that meets a need in the church right now for truth-telling and action.
What has your experience been? I invite others to share their perspective as we create a dialogue about this moving forward. I welcome your comments or submitted guest posts.
What I say to you in the dark, tell in the light; and what you hear whispered, proclaim from the housetops.
Amalia Vagts, Executive Director of ELM (until July 31!), is extremely grateful for the many folks who reviewed and contributed to this piece as it evolved, and has been carrying a now dog-eared copy of "Married in the Sight of God" around with her for months now. And don't even get her started about what V & E has to say about hospitality . . .


text:
Domain Of Man > General Category > Julio-Claudian & Herodian Dynasties > Chapter 15: Jesus Among the Julio-Claudians (The Amarna Do-Overs)
Author Topic: Chapter 15: Jesus Among the Julio-Claudians (The Amarna Do-Overs) (Read 1624 times)
Chapter 15: Jesus Among the Julio-Claudians (The Amarna Do-Overs)
The following is an excerpt from:
"Jesus Among the Julio-Claudians"
copyright 2017 Charles N. Pope
https://play.google.com/store/books/author?id=Charles%20N.%20Pope&hl=en
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075X3DJGY
The Amarna Period All Over Again: Germanicus as Akhenaten in Israel and Caligula in Rome
The dynasty of Alexander the Great was not a traditional, linear dynasty, but one of fits and starts. Yet, it had somehow managed to become one of the most stable and globally successful royal franchises of all time. Ironically, Ptolemaic success abroad was accompanied by a catastrophic meltdown at home. Even more surprisingly, Ptolemy IV took as his direct role model the 18th Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), who was blamed for the ignominious collapse of the glorious New Kingdom. After a 17-year reign, Ptolemy IV vanished from Egypt and left his son Sekhem-ankhamun (Ptolemy V) to deal with the fall-out of escalating civil and religious rebellion in Upper Egypt (even as Akhenaten had left a devastated Upper Egypt for Tutankhamun to "restore").
It was shown (in the previous chapters) that during the Julio-Claudian Dynasty there was a discernible Amarna Period tribute in Parthia and an even more elaborate rendition in China. As shocking as it may be, there were also Amarna Period recreations in Israel as well as in Rome itself. Rather than being ignored or suppressed, the memory of Ptolemy IV (and of his own inspiration Akhenaten) received complete attention by the Julio-Claudian family and their associated royal courts of the East.
The history of Josephus indicates that there was considerable debate over whether Caesarion (under his Herodian identity of Antipater "eldest son" of Herod the Great) or one of the younger princes should directly succeed the dying Herod the Great. Unfortunately for Caesarion, none of his existing sons (Claudius b. 10 BC, Lepidus the Younger b. 7 BC or Torquatus b. 2 BC) were yet able to take on the demanding role of a neo-Ptolemy IV in Israel. The young sons of Augustus were only slightly better suited for the task. Germanicus (Archelaus), the second true son of Augustus, was still quite young and not even yet a teenager. Drusus II (Herod Antipas) was (ostensibly) even younger, but he was nonetheless designated as the successor of Herod for a brief period.
Early in the reign of Archelaus (and role of "foolish" Rehoboam) the people petitioned him to lift some of the heavy burden laid upon them by Herod (in his role as Solomon). The young Archelaus was perhaps too tender to make for a convincing tyrant. Or, perhaps in his childlike idealism hoped to avoid repeating the ill-advised response of Rehoboam to the people. According to Josephus, "Archelaus spake the more gently and civilly to them … so Archelaus contradicted them in nothing." However, as in the case of the Egyptian New Kingdom Rehoboam, namely Akhenaten, Archelaus would not be permitted by the royal fixers to escape his "fate."
Curiously, the even younger prince, Herod Antipas, had no qualms vigorously pursuing the course of his role model Jeroboam (the nemesis of Rehoboam) by forming an alliance against his "master" and reducing his territory from all of Israel to only Judaea. Caesar Augustus then intervened and ruled that Archelaus would no longer rule the entire country as Herod willed but only half (as ethnarch). Philip and Antipas would each be rulers of one quarter (as tetrarchs). So, the kingdom of Herod was effectively divided even as it had been in the days just after the death of Solomon. Any resistance of Archelaus to the role of Akhenaten proved futile! The people were induced to rebel anyway and he was still blamed just the same!
With the exception of having spindly legs (a trait of Akhenaten, by the way), the wildly popular Germanicus possessed the physical and intellectual traits desired in a kingly successor. However, there are clear indications that Germanicus could not sire a true royal son of his own. For example, although Germanicus was (and still is) credited with three sons (Nero Julius Caesar, Drusus Caesar III and Caligula), the Gospels suggest that all of the sons of his Roman spouse Agrippina ("Mary") were considered to be those of the former Caesarion/Drusus ("Joseph"), including and especially her firstborn/holy-child Torquatus ("Jesus"). See Chapter 17, note (a).
In Israel, Germanicus went so far as to divorce his first wife Mariamne (Roman Agrippina the Elder), contrary to Jewish Law, in order to take a new wife Glaphyra of Cappadocia (Roman Antonia Minor). However, when he still remained without a (true) male heir, he was deposed. Caesarion required a Moses-figure like Ptolemy IV, who eventually sired two actual sons, rather than one like Akhenaten (that had at most one).[h] Therefore, Germanicus was removed from the role of Ptolemy IV after around 10 years of rule in Israel. By then, the sons of Germanicus were maturing and the need to rely on rival princes was rapidly diminishing. The traumatic remainder of an expected 17-year reign for Archelaus would have to be completed later by another prince, and specifically by a true son of Caesarion.
Germanicus was "poisoned" in 19 AD after conducting a "Farewell Tour" that parodied the invasion of Alexander the Great (in his aspect of a Greek Moses), Germanicus was also about the same age (33 years old) as Alexander the Great when he was said to have been poisoned. And like Alexander, Germanicus would not have literally died at that time, but would have "departed" his own personal "Babylon" for the East. There he would continue his kingly career under a different name and wait for his fortune in fatherhood to change. If Germanicus were to acquire an heir in the years to come (from a new generation of princesses), he could always return (ala "Moses") and possibly even claim succession to the Great Throne (as the next Alexander the Great in a growing line of Alexanders).
Germanicus had already been exiled from one kingship (modeled after Ptolemy IV) in Jerusalem under the regional alias of Archelaus. The interrupted 10-year reign of Archelaus certainly left room for a sequel, but it would not specifically feature him again. The missing seven years of his reign would be played out during the "seven-year tribulation" that was the Jewish Revolt. As in the Ptolemaic Era, "God's dealing with the Jews" would be a multi-stage production. Because Torquatus ("Jesus") was born early in the reign of Archelaus, it qualified him to add the role of Ptolemy V son of Ptolemy IV to his initial role of Ptolemy VI (at least in the locale of Israel). And because Torquatus also was Great King (and the royal superior of Nero) during Jerusalem's destruction, he could further claim a share of the Ptolemy IV (Akhenaten/Moses) role as the one that gave final approval for the mission.
When Germanicus and then Drusus II subsequently failed to deliver the dynastic goods, they were suppressed in Rome like Gaius and Lucius Caesar before them. This, and the persistent infertility of other princes, eventually allowed Caligula to directly succeed Tiberius. Caligula, although a true son of Tiberius and Agrippina, did not object to being considered the son of the ever popular Germanicus. He in fact could not have claimed Tiberius as his real father even if he had wanted to (as this would have made his succession of Tiberius look like a dynasty and therefore unacceptable). Even though Caligula was not ashamed of the pedigree of Germanicus (although false), he tellingly did flatly reject the mother of Germanicus, Antonia Minor, as his putative grandmother. Instead, Caligula asserted that his mother Agrippina was the true daughter of Julia the Elder and Augustus (rather than Marcus Agrippa). The other actual grandmother of Caligula would have been Livia Drusilla, mother of Tiberius.
As Augustus was typecast as the Roman "great builder" pharaoh Amenhotep III, Tiberius followed him in the role of a neo-Thutmose IV, the 18th Dynasty "Judah" prince. The disturbing reign of Caligula that followed Tiberius can then best be understood as a deliberate Roman reproduction of the reign of Akhenaten. When compared schematically with Akhenaten, the role of Caligula essentially becomes self-evident:
- Caligula was hailed as a child prodigy, but also specifically prophesied to become a ruination on the order of mythical Phaethon (a Greek analog of the Aton/Aten).
- Caligula commissioned a number of engineering marvels (in the spirit of the innovative nature of the sun-god Re) during his short reign, such as: the two massive "Nemi Ships" (a floating palace and a floating temple of Diana); and the "Tour d'Ordre" (a multi-colored pyramidal lighthouse made up of twelve octagonal stories) at Boulogne-sur-Mer south of Dunkirk and Calais along the NW coast of France and across the English Channel from Dover (to commemorate his "conquest" of Britain).
- Caligula also completed the building works (and defended the honor) of his predecessor (and true father) Tiberius, and completed the temple of (his true grandfather) Augustus.
- Caligula further initiated two ambitious new aqueducts for Rome and enlarged ports in Sicily and southern Italy to expedite the import of grain from Africa. The former work was hailed as a wonder by Pliny the Elder, and the latter prized by the "grain-gathering Joseph-figure" Josephus.
- Caligula envisioned a fantasy city high up in the Alps.
- Caligula transported an obelisk from Egypt to be featured in a new circus (racing venue). This obelisk now stands at the Vatican.
- The early rule of the chicken-legged Caligula was promising and praiseworthy, but it quickly disintegrated into capricious and murderous madness. (The god Re became dangerously senile at the end of his reign.)
- Caligula was extravagant in bestowing gifts upon the populace as well as his friends, and to the point of bankrupting the state (ala Akhenaten at Amarna).
- Caligula insisted on being worshipped as a living god, and particularly as the sun-god ("Neos Helios"), as well as Hercules and Jupiter (deities also associated with Akhenaten/"Moses son of Joseph")
- A serious famine was associated with Caligula's reign, and one that was likely made more severe by his ill-advised actions.
- Caligula honored the pantheon but singled out Judaism for persecution. The Egyptian cult of Amen/Amun (that was so virulently attacked by Akhenaten) was the analog and precursor of Judaism. Caligula created a religious crisis among the Jews of both Alexandria and Jerusalem by imposing his divinity upon them, again with the help of Agrippa.
- Caligula also consciously and explicitly emulated Xerxes (another self-styled Moses/Akhenaten-figure) by constructing a boat bridge across the Bay of Naples and passing over it on horseback (as if on dry land).
- The reign and histories of Caligula, like that of Akhenaten, was largely denigrated and suppressed by his immediate successors and by posterity.
- Due to sickness or other factors, the expected 17-year reign of Caligula (patterned after that of both Akhenaten and Ptolemy IV) was limited to only 4 years. However, the balance of the required 17 years, as well as the official and obligatory dam~natio memoriae, was considered fulfilled by the equally shocking 13-year reign of Nero (see Chapter 16, below).
Previous blog in the series:
http://www.domainofman.com/boards/index.php?topic=158.0
Next blog in the series:
http://www.domainofman.com/boards/index.php?board=14.0
The prequel "Heroes of the Hellenistic Age" is posted at the page below:
« Last Edit: October 01, 2017, 11:47:06 PM by Chuck-Star » Logged


text:
package Adapter2.ImageViewer;

import Adapter2.Image.Image;
import Adapter2.Presenter.Presenter;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Serhat CAN on 22.11.2015.
 */
public abstract class ImageViewer {

    protected List<Image> images;

    protected Presenter presenter;

    public ImageViewer(Presenter presenter) {
        this.presenter = presenter;
    }

    public void addImage(Image image) {
        images.add(image);
    }

    public void removeImage(int index) {
        images.remove(index);
    }

    public Image getImage(int index) {
        return images.get(index);
    }

    public abstract void display(Image image);

}