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Georgios Pavlakos
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Professor George Pavlakos
Professor of Law and Philosophy (School of Law)
email: Georgios.Pavlakos@glasgow.ac.uk
R210 Level 2, Law, 6 The Square, Glasgow G12 8QQ
George Pavlakos is Professor of Law and Philosophy at the School of Law, University of Glasgow. From 2007 to 2016 he was Research Professor of Globalisation and Legal Theory and director of the Centre for Law and Cosmopolitan Values at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. From this position he attracted and managed a number of substantial research grants with a combined budget of €1.9 Million. Since 2012 he has been consulting director of the Centre for Law and Public Affairs, Institute of State and Law, The Czech Academy of Sciences.
His most important personal research awards include two Alexander von Humboldt Fellowships, an FWO-Odysseus grant, a J.E. Purkyne Senior Research Fellowship (Czech Academy of Sciences) and a Fernand Braudel Senior Fellowship (EUI, Florence). In recent years he has held visiting and part-time positions at the Universities of Glasgow, Kiel, the UCLA Law School, the Cornell Law School and the Beihang Law School (Beijing).
His published work includes the monograph Our Knowledge of the Law (Hart Publishing, 2007) and he has co-edited several volumes on a variety of jurisprudential topics, the most recent being Agency, Negligence and Responsibility (Cambridge University Press, 2021). He is a general editor of the Cambridge ELEMENTS in Legal Philosophy; a general editor of the journal Jurisprudence (Taylor & Francis); and the general editor of the book series Law and Practical Reason (Hart Publishing). His published work has appeared in such journals as Legal Theory, the Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, Ratio Juris and Rechtstheorie.
George serves as a panel member of REF 2021 (sub-panel 18: Law).
Legal Theory and Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Metaethics, Discourse Theory, Egalitarianism, Globalisation
His published work includes the monograph Our Knowledge of the Law (Hart Publishing, 2007) and has recently edited Reasons and Intentions in Law and Practical Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2015). He is also general editor of the book series Law and Practical Reason at Hart Publishing and joint general editor of the journal Jurisprudence published by Routledge.
Chilovi, S. and Pavlakos, G. (2022) The explanatory demands of grounding in law. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 103(4), pp. 900-933. (doi: 10.1111/papq.12393)
Pavlakos, G. (2021) A non-naturalist account of law's place in reality. In: Brożek, B., Hage, J. and Vincent, N. (eds.) Law and Mind: A Survey of Law and the Cognitive Sciences. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 473-489. ISBN 9781108623056 (doi: 10.1017/9781108623056.022)
Pavlakos, G. (2020) Redrawing the legal relation. In: Fabra-Zamora, J. L. (ed.) Jurisprudence in a Globalized World. Edward Elgar, pp. 174-195. ISBN 9781788974417
Chilovi, S. and Pavlakos, G. (2019) Law-determination as grounding: a common grounding framework for jurisprudence. Legal Theory, 25(1), pp. 53-76. (doi: 10.1017/S1352325218000216)
Pavlakos, G. (2018) Revamping associative obligations. In: Khurshid, S., Malik, L. and Rodriguez-Blanco, V. (eds.) Dignity in the Legal and Political Philosophy of Ronald Dworkin. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, pp. 337-360. ISBN 9780199484171
Pavlakos, G. (2017) Why is willing irrelevant to the grounding on any obligation? Remarks on A. Ripstein's conception of omni-lateral willing. In: Kisilevsky, S. and Stone, M. J. (eds.) Freedom and Force: Essays on Kant's Legal Philosophy. Series: Law and practical reason. Hart Publishing: Oxford, pp. 113-127. ISBN 9781849463164
Pavlakos, G. (2015) On second order morality. Jurisprudence, 6(2), pp. 276-297. (doi: 10.1080/20403313.2015.1044318)
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Marzal, T. and Pavlakos, G. (2023) A relations-first approach to choice of law. In: Banu, R., Green, M. and Michaels, R. (eds.) Philosophical Foundations of Private International Law,. Oxford University Press: Oxford. (Accepted for Publication)
Pavlakos, G. (2018) 'Non-naturalism, normativity and the meaning of 'ought': Some lessons from Kelsen. In: Himma, K. E., Jovanovic, M. and Spaic, B. (eds.) Unpacking Normativity: Conceptual, Normative, and Descriptive Issues. Hart Publishing: Oxford, UK, pp. 77-94. ISBN 9781509916245
Pavlakos, G. (2017) From a pluralism of grounds to proto-legal relations: accounting for the grounds of obligations of justice. Ratio Juris, 30(1), pp. 59-74. (doi: 10.1111/raju.12152)
Pavlakos, G. (2017) The metaphysics of law: from supervenience to rational justification. In: Brozek, B. (ed.) Supervenience and Normativity. Series: Law and philosophy library (120). Springer: Cham, Switzerland, pp. 139-160. ISBN 9783319610450 (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-61046-7_8)
Pavlakos, G. (2017) A plea for moderate optimisation: On the structure of principles as interpersonal reasons. In: Browski, M., Paulson, S. L. and Sieckmann, J.-R. (eds.) Rechtsphilosophie und Grundrechtstheorie. Robert Alexys System. Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen, Germany, pp. 395-410.
Pavlakos, G. (2016) New contours of legality: a discussion of Scott's Shapiro's legal positivism: introduction. Jurisprudence, 7(2), pp. 297-298. (doi: 10.1080/20403313.2016.1190148)
Pavlakos, G. (2016) Why supra-national law is not the exception? On the grounds of legal obligations beyond the state. In: Priban, J. (ed.) Self-Constitution of European Society. Series: Applied legal philosophy. Routledge. ISBN 9781472458506
Pavlakos, G. and Rodriguez-Blanco, V. (Eds.) (2015) Reasons and Intentions in Law and Practical Agency. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 9781107070721
Pavlakos, G. (2015) The relation between moral and legal obligation: an alternative Kantian reading. In: Pavlakos, G. and Rodriguez-Blanco, V. (eds.) Reasons and Intentions in Law and Practical Agency. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 228-243. ISBN 9781107070721
Pavlakos, G. (2015) Transnational legal responsibility: some preliminaries. In: Vandenhole, W. (ed.) Challenging Territoriality in Human Rights Law. Foundational Principles for a Multi Duty-Bearer Human Rights Regime. Series: Routledge research in human rights law. Routledge: New York, pp. 136-157. ISBN 9781138799455
Pavlakos, G. (2014) Between reason and strategy: some reflections on the normativity of proportionality. In: Huscroft, G., Miller, B. W. and Webber, G. (eds.) Proportionality and the Rule of Law: Rights, Justification, Reasoning. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, p. 90. ISBN 9781107064072
Pavlakos, G. (Ed.) (2013) Derecho, derechos y discurso: La filosofía jurídica de Robert Alexy. Universidad Externado de Colombia: Bogota. ISBN 9789587720501
Pavlakos, G. (2013) Normativity and reason-dependence: a comment on the nature of reasons. Politica e Società, 2013(3), pp. 449-474. (doi: 10.4476/74761)
Pavlakos, G. (2012) Correctness and Cognitivism: Remarks on Robert Alexy's argument from the claim to correctness. Ratio Juris, 25(1), pp. 15-30. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9337.2011.00500.x)
Pavlakos, G. (2012) Corrección y cognitivismo [trans. by G. Villa Rosas]. Doxa, 35, pp. 201-216.
Pavlakos, G. (2012) Legal obligation in the global context: some remarks on the boundaries and allegiances among persons beyond the state. Working Paper. European University Institute (EUI) / Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS).
Pavlakos, G. and Pauwelyn, J. (2011) Principled monism and the normative conception of coercion under international law. In: Evans, M. and Koutrakos, P. (eds.) Beyond the Established Legal Orders: Policy interconnections between the EU and the rest of the world. Hart: Oxford, pp. 317-341. ISBN 9781849461481
Bertea, S. and Pavlakos, G. (Eds.) (2011) New Essays on the Normativity of Law. Series: Law and practical reason. Hart: Oxford. ISBN 9781849462389
Pavlakos, G. (2011) Constitutional rights, balancing, and the structure of autonomy. Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, 24(1), pp. 129-154.
Pavlakos, G. (2011) Law, normativity and the model of norms. In: Bertea, S. and Pavlakos, G. (eds.) New Essays on the Normativity of Law. Series: Law and practical reason (3). Hart Publishing: Oxford, pp. 246-280. ISBN 9781849462389
Pavlakos, G. and Bertea, S. (2011) Introduction. In: Bertea, S. and Pavlakos, G. (eds.) New Essays on the Normativity of Law. Series: Law and practical reason (3). Hart Publishing: Oxford, UK, pp. 1-14. ISBN 9781849462389
Pavlakos, G. and Gkouvas, T. (2011) Preliminary remarks on a theory of legal normativity. In: Stelmach, J. and Brozek, B. (eds.) The Normativity of Law. Series: Studies in the philosophy of law (6). Copernicus Centre Press: Krakow, Poland, pp. 21-49. ISBN 9788362259168
Pavlakos, G. (2010) Coercion and the grounds of legal obligation: Arthur Ripstein's Force and Freedom. Jurisprudence, 1(2), pp. 305-316. (doi: 10.5235/204033210793524195)
Pavlakos, G. (2009) Practice, reasons, and the agent's point of view. Ratio Juris, 22(1), pp. 74-94. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9337.2008.00413.x)
De Feyter, K. and Pavlakos, G. (Eds.) (2008) The Tension between Group Rights and Human Rights: A Multi-disciplinary Approach. Hart: Oxford. ISBN 9781841138299
Pavlakos, G. (2008) Communitarianism. In: Cane, P. and Conaghan, J. (eds.) New Oxford Companion to Law. Series: Oxford Companions. Oxford University Press: Oxford, pp. 177-178. ISBN 9780199290543
Pavlakos, G. (2008) Non-individualism and rights. In: Feyter, K. d. and Pavlakos, G. (eds.) The Tension between Group Rights and Human Rights: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Series: Human rights law in perspective (13). Hart Publishing: Oxford, pp. 147-171. ISBN 9781841138299
Pavlakos, G. (2008) Non-individualism, rights and practical reason. Ratio Juris, 21(1), pp. 66-93.
Pavlakos, G. (2008) Rechtsontologie und Practische Vernunft [Legal Ontology and Practical Reason]. Series: Studien zur Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtstheorie, 46. Nomos: Baden Baden. ISBN 9783832931582
Pavlakos, G. [e.] (2008) Special Supplement on Jurisprudence. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 59(1), p. 147.
Pavlakos, G. (Ed.) (2007) Law, Rights and Discourse: the Legal Philosophy of Robert Alexy. Hart. ISBN 9781841136769
Pavlakos, G. (2007) Dio antilepseis peri antkeimenikotetas [Greek translation of Pavlakos, G. (2007): Two concepts of objectivity. In: Law, Rights and Discourse. The Legal Philosophy of Robert Alexy]. EFARMOGES, pp. 339-373.
Pavlakos, G. (2007) Introduction. In: Pavlakos, G. (ed.) Law, Rights and Discourse. The Legal Philosophy of Robert Alexy. Hart Publishing, pp. 1-16. ISBN 9781841136769
Pavlakos, G. (2007) Our Knowledge of the Law: Objectivity and Practice in Legal Theory. Hart. ISBN 9781841135038
Pavlakos, G. (2007) Two conceptions of universalisation. Panóptica, 8, pp. 441-460.
Pavlakos, G. (2007) Two concepts of objectivity. In: Pavlakos, G. (ed.) Law, Rights and Discourse. The Legal Philosophy of Robert Alexy. Hart Publishing, pp. 83-108. ISBN 9781841136769
Pavlakos, G. (2006) Two conceptions of universalisation. In: Bankowski, Z. and MacLean, J. (eds.) The Universal and The Particular in Legal Reasoning. Series: Edinburgh Centre for Law and Society series. Ashgate: Aldershot, pp. 159-176. ISBN 9780754625469
Coyle, S. and Pavlakos, G. (Eds.) (2005) Jurisprudence or Legal Science?: A Debate about the Nature of Legal Theory. Hart. ISBN 9781841135045
Pavlakos, G. (2005) Introduction. In: Coyle, S. and Pavlakos, G. (eds.) Jurisprudence or Legal Science? A debate about the nature of legal theory. Hart, pp. 1-14. ISBN 9781841135045
Pavlakos, G. (2005) Normative knowledge and the nature of law. In: Coyle, S. and Pavlakos, G. (eds.) Jurisprudence or Legal Science? A debate about the nature of legal theory. Hart Publishing: Oxford, pp. 89-126. ISBN 9781841135045
Pavlakos, G. (2005) On the necessity of the interconnection between law and morality. Ratio Juris, 18(1), pp. 64-83. (doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9337.2005.00286.x)
Pavlakos, G. (2004) Editorial. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 55(4), pp. 337-341.
Pavlakos, G. (2004) Isopoliteia [Greek translation of Pavlakos, G. (2204): Law as recognition: H.L.A. Hart and analytical positivism. In: Western Jurisprudence, ed. Murphy, T. (Dublin: Round Hall). In: Murphy, T. (ed.) Western Jurisprudence. Thomson Round Hall, pp. 109-151.
Pavlakos, G. (2004) Law as recognition: H.L.A. Hart and analytical positivism. In: Murphy, T. (ed.) Western Jurisprudence. Round Hall: Dublin, pp. 226-250. ISBN 9781858003788
Pavlakos, G. (2003) Book review of Alexy, R. (2002) The Argument from Injustice. Modern Law Review, 66, pp. 147-151. [Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2003) Book review of Moore, M. Educating Oneself in Public, Critical Essays in Jurisprudence. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 54, pp. 201-204. [Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2003) Book review of Winfield, R.D. (2001) Autonomy and Normativity. Investigations of Truth, Right and Beauty. Review of Metaphysics, pp. 908-910. [Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2003) Normativity versus ontology: law, facts and practical reason. Rechtstheorie, 34(4), pp. 381-407.
Pavlakos, G. (2002) On the normative groundwork of discourse-ethics. A critique of the Habermasian proceduralist paradigm of rightness in law and morality. In: Smith, P. and Comanducci, P. (eds.) Legal Philosophy: General Aspects : Theoretical Examinations and Practical Application. Series: ARSP: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie (85). Steiner, pp. 27-32. ISBN 9783515081009
Pavlakos, G. (2002) Timothy Endicott, 'Vagueness in Law': Review. Edinburgh Law Review, 6(3), pp. 412-414. (doi: 10.3366/elr.2002.6.3.412)[Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2001) David Daiches Raphael, Concepts of Justice. Philosophy in Review: Comptes Rendus Philosophiques, 22(4), pp. 301-303. [Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2001) Jürgen Habermas, The Liberating Power of Symbols. Philosophy in Review: Comptes Rendus Philosophiques, 21(5), pp. 334-336. [Book Review]
Pavlakos, G. (2001) Uber 'die Interpretation' in der Reinen Rechtslehre. Das normative Defizit des Kelsenschen Aufbaus eines 'ontischen' Sollen. Archiv fuer Rechts und Sozialphilosophie, 87(4), pp. 554-565.
Pavlakos, G. (1999) Persons and Norms. On the Normative Groundwork of Discourse-Ethics. Archiv fuer Rechts und Sozialphilosophie, 85(1), pp. 7-22.
Pavlakos, G. (1998) The Special Case Thesis. An Assessment of Robert Alexy's Discursive Theory of Law. Ratio Juris, 11(2), pp. 126-154. (doi: 10.1111/1467-9337.00081)
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Research Reports or Papers
2019-2020: Royal Society of Edinburgh: Research Workshop Grant (Principle Investigator: S Leuenberger; Co-investigator: G Pavlakos; value £10.000).
2018-2021: 3-year Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship entitled 'shifting paradigms of material property relations in cyber-sharing-economies' (holder: Dr Sally Zhu; sub-project budget holder: G Pavlakos; value: £322.503).
September 2015: European University Institute, Florence: 4-month Fernand Braudel Senior Research Fellowship (value: €12000).
December 2014: 3-year Research Grant of the Czech National Grant Agency, Prague on for a research project on 'The Role of Proportionality in Constitutional Rights Adjudication' (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; co-investigator: Prof R Alexy, Kiel; value: €120.000)
February 2013: Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic, Institute of State and Law. 3-year E. Purkyne Senior Research Fellowship in Law and Public Affairs (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value: €45.000).
November 2011: Research Foundation Flanders – research grant for a 4 year project on 'Normativity and Legal Concepts' (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value: €250.000).
November 2010: Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung – award of a personal research fellowship for a 3 month stay at a German University, awarded "in recognition of an outstanding contribution to scholarship" (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value: €10.000).
September 2010: Research Council University of Antwerp – research grant for a collaborative project with the Royal Academy of Arts, Antwerp, for a project on 'The Public Role of Art' (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; co-investigator: Prof. Vaast Colson at the Antwerp Royal Academy of Arts, Antwerp; value: €40.000).
September 2009: Research Foundation Flanders - research grant for a post-doctoral project on International Economic Law and Global Justice (holder: Dr Alexia Herwig; sub-project holder: G Pavlakos; value: €250.000).
September 2008: Research Council University of Antwerp, fund for international cooperation – research grant for a collaborative project between The Centre for Law and Cosmopolitan Values, University of Antwerp and the School of Law, University of Glasgow on 'Multi-layered Polities and the Search for the Common Good: A Constitutional Puzzle for the European Polis'. (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value: €110.000).
March 2008: UCSIA grant for the organisation of a conference on 'Normativity in Law and Morality' (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; co-investigator: Dr S Bertea; value: €24.000).
September 2007: 5-year Odysseus Grant to set up a medium-sized research team researching on 'The Constitution of Globalisation' (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value €750.000).
February 2005 – January 2006 And May 2006 – October 2006: Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow (at the University of Kiel) (principle investigator: G Pavlakos; value: €45.000).
Miguel Angel Garcia Godinez - 'Demystifying the normative character of law'
Ann Luk - 'Psychology and Law'
Rachael Mellin - 'A metaphysical explanation of legal organisations as planning groups'
Corsino San Miguel - 'Towards a dogmatic solution for error of law in Scotland'
Federico Szczaranski - 'Norms and legal reasoning in judicial review'
Cenay Akin (Antwerp) - 'Parent company liability for human rights and environmental law violations committed by subsidiaries: Recognising legal and normative aspects'
Sebastian Baldinger (Antwerp) - 'Understanding Laws and the Laws of Understanding. From Statutory Semantics to Normative Legal Content'
Samuele Chilovi (Barcelona) - 'Metaphysics of Law'
Georgia Du Plessis (Antwerp) - 'The Right to Religious Freedom and the Constitutionality of a South African Public School with a Religious Ethos'
Andrew Hadjigeorgiou (Antwerp) - 'The Legitimacy of Legal Obligation in the International Context. The approach of Justice as Justified Reality.'
Irem Kirak (Antwerp) - 'Progression in Global Democracy from Local Governments to Global Decision-making Mechanisms'
Umberto Sconfienza (Tilburg) - 'Environmental Blackmail? Justice, validity and effectiveness of "money-for-nature swap" policies'
Dinc, Ugur
Intersubjective Recognition and Normativity of Law


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The Town of Clover provides students with top-of-the-line facilities and programs to make sure they get the best possible education. In the fall of 2002, construction was completed on the Applied Technology Center, where students can take extra, highly specialized courses that increase their opportunity for success after high school.
There are five elementary schools, three post-elementary schools and one high school serving the Clover School District. However, the devotion to learning does not apply only to children as Clover has also recently combined with the neighboring communities of York and Fort Mill to enhance the adult education program. The new plan provides high school completion and GED programs as well as expanded course offerings, including elementary Spanish and computer applications.
The proximity to Charlotte provides plenty to do for those that love spectator sports. The NFL's Carolina Panthers and the NBA's Charlotte Bobcats are only a little over a half-hour away. Race fans will love being close to Lowe's Motor Speedway, located in Concord, North Carolina, about 45 miles from Clover. The speedway becomes a beehive of activity beginning with the annual Nextel Cup race in May. LMS is also home to the CARQUEST Auto Parts 300, The UAW-GM Quality 500 and the "Little Trees" 300. The season culminates in October with the longest Nextel Cup race on the NASCAR circuit, the Coca-Cola 600. The Outlaw Showdown is held at LMS's dirt track on the same weekend as the 600.
Approximately 10 miles from Clover, Lake Wylie's more than 325 miles of shoreline extend upon both North and South Carolina. Lake Wylie is the perfect place for a peaceful retreat from the hectic pace of everyday life. Visitors can enjoy boating, camping, water skiing, fishing, swimming and hiking at the various parks located along the shores. All parks have free admission and many are open year-round.
Those who love the great outdoors will also want to check out The Greenway, an over 2,000-acre of undeveloped area north of Fort Mill, just off Business U.S. 21. Twenty-six miles of hiking, horseback riding and bicycle trails weave through the diverse area, providing scenes of natural beauty and wildlife habitat. Eight primitive campsites are available by reservation and a nature center is open to all visitors. The facility is approximately 25 miles from Clover.
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Island Home
Island Home Park is a distinct residential community located in South Knoxville, the broader neighborhood is known as "Island Home." Distinguished by 1909 marble entrance pillars at the intersections of Island Home Avenue at Maplewood Drive adjacent to the Tennessee River, and now newer ones at Island Home Avenue and Fisher Place, Island Home Park is notable for its many Craftsman bungalows originally built in the 1910s and '20s. The community is bordered by the Tennessee River on the north, the Tennessee School for the Deaf campus on the east and the Gulf & Ohio railroad and Island Home Avenue on the south.
Island Home Park contains approximately 200 homes and lies 2.5 miles from downtown Knoxville. For many years it remained relatively close yet detached from downtown, buffeted by the stagnant post-industrial corridor along Sevier Avenue.
Major developments beginning around 2005 with the growth of Ijams Nature Center, the creation of the Urban Wilderness trails, and new business investments around time of the completion of Suttree Landing Park in 2016 began changing the community dynamics around Island Home Park. New student apartments, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, and other retail establishments, all contributing to South Knoxville's new and hip "SoKno" moniker, have not only made Island Home Park more desirable as a location, and increasingly more exclusive, but also have connected the subdivision more closely with its broader neighborhood. Yet, there is a distinct history here.
Early 1900s postcard. (Courtesy of Paul James)
In the early 1800s, Moses White, son of the city's founder James White, owned this area including a small Island in the river downstream from the city of Knoxville, later known as "Williams Island" after the subsequent owner who then sold much of the land to Perez Dickinson, whose legacy still infuses the landscape.
Perez Dickinson, 1813-1901 (Courtesy of McClung Historical Collection.)
A wealthy Massachusetts merchant and banker, and cousin of poet Dickinson, Perez Dickinson moved to Knoxville in 1829 where his brother, Joseph Estabrook, was the principal of the Knoxville Female Academy, and later became the President of East Tennessee College (now UT). Perez himself served as principal of the Hampden Sidney School in Knoxville before studying at East Tennessee College. After graduation his educational career deviated into a business partnership with James Cowan leading to the formation of an enduring grocery and dry goods wholesale business, Cowan, McClung, and Dickinson. Dickinson also served as President of First National Bank, and according to French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County Tennessee (East Tennessee Historical Society, 1946) "its stockholders were always paid in gold as long as Dickinson was President."
Perez Dickinson's Island Home Estate looking west, circa 1890s. (Courtesy McClung Historical Collection)
Yet, it was Dickinson's experimental Island Home farm that largely defined this section of the South Knoxville landscape. 600-acres in this vicinity were purchased from Col. Thomas Williams in 1869 and a 200-acre parcel, lined with white fencing, formed Dickinson's experimental "model stock farm."
The Perez Dickinson Italianate mansion (which he supposedly never once spent the night in) was built during the 1870s for his new wife, Susan Penniman, who died before it was completed, featured formal gardens surrounded by rolling hills and a long driveway leading to the estate's front gate topped with eagle finials. Dickinson was known to regularly host social gatherings especially for the community.
Perez Dickinson mansion and formal gardens, 1887. (Courtesy McClung Historical Collection)
Following Dickinson's death in 1901, ownership of the farm passed to his son, Perez Dickinson Cowan. The property changed hands several more times and by 1911 the newly formed Island Home Park Company acquired a 117-acre tract immediately west of the farm gates. The subdivision was subsequently laid out with utilities and hopes that connections with the nearby trolley line were realized in 1912, at least to the community's entrance. The main street was Knoxville's first designated Boulevard and named as such – Island Home Boulevard. The community association's self-penned history describes those early years:
"The columns and the house at the entrance to Island Home Park, possibly a show house, were built in 1909. The first lot sold in the new Island Home Park subdivision in May 1911 was on Island Home Avenue. Sales followed in 1912 for lots on Maple Avenue (now Maplewood), Harvey Heights (now Hillsboro Heights), and Island Home Boulevard. The young neighborhood developed at a rapid pace. A 1922 map includes 44 houses. Development continued through the 1920s and later."
The Tennessee School for the Deaf deserves a mention. In 1924, the school moved from its downtown location (previously established as the state Deaf and Dumb Asylum in 1844) to a new campus laid out by Nashville-architect Thomas Marr, an alumnus of both TSD and the prominent Gallaudet Deaf School in Washington, D.C. The Perez Dickinson house, located within the school campus, serves as the superintendent residence. Several of the older buildings date to the 1920s, including the restored gymnasium, originally constructed in 1928.
Joseph Ijams, Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 1866-1882. (Courtesy Tennessee School for the Deaf)
The school itself has an unexpected connection with its eastern neighbor, Ijams Nature Center. Also once part of Perez Dickinson's estate, the nature center's original 25-acres formed the family farm established in 1910 by Harry and Alice Ijams. Harry's father was the nationally-lauded superintendent hired by school trustees in 1866 to bring back the Deaf and Dumb Asylum (as the school was originally named from 1844-1924) to prominence after the civil war, when it was used as a military hospital. Joseph Ijams served until 1882 before he died unexpectedly after a short illness.
Some notable residents have lived in Island Home Park including Arthur Morgan the first chairman of Tennessee Valley Authority who lived here during the planning and construction of Norris Dam.
Paul Y. Anderson grew up here before winning the Pulitzer Prize for his investigative journalism. His burial is marked by an interesting memorial at the nearby Island Home Baptist Church.
Tony-winning actor and TV star John Cullum, also grew up here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pfizer Inc won expert backing for using its blockbuster vaccine in adults to fight pneumonia, meningitis and other diseases caused by pneumococcus bacteria.
A Food and Drug Administration advisory committee voted 14-1 on Wednesday that the Prevnar 13 vaccine was safe and effective for adults 50 years of age or older.
The FDA usually approves products that win support from its advisory panels, and is due to make a final decision in January.
The agency is considering the vaccine under its accelerated approval process, meaning the FDA believes the medicine represents an unmet medical need.
The vaccine is designed to fight 13 forms of a bacterium called streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus.
Pneumonia caused by the pneumococcal organism is one of the biggest causes of death in older people and its incidence begins to increase after age 50.
The Prevnar franchise -- known as Prevenar in Europe and other countries -- generated about $3.7 billion in global sales last year.


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A new interpretation of white wines: Pinot Grigio with Appaxximento, unique white wine blend made with fresh and semi-dried grapes. Finely judged blend of the two native grape varieties; technique employed in vinification. Overripened Verduzzo on racks ferments in barriques and balances the fresh acidity of Pinot Grigio. Selected grapes cultivated at Strà del Milione (Udine). It is the "white version" of Campofiorin.
Serving suggestion: Ideal for poultry, fish, vegetables, aperetiv.


text:
Home/1996/March
Euthanasia legislation passes in Australia
Australia's Northern Territory has passed the world's first law legalizing euthanasia. The tiny tropical territory, with a population of only 180,000, recently passed a law which allows its terminally ill residents to ask doctors to end their lives. The bill was actually passed last year but had to be sent back for rewording. Pro-life groups as well as the Australian Medical Association [...]
archives2010-03-08T15:02:20-06:00March 29, 1996|Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, Issues|
Picketers not on CARAL dinner menu
Berton, Callwood, Hall, Forrester, Christie and Morgentaler honour founders of abortion group Pro-lifers put a crimp in plans to honour long-time abortion supporters Norma Scarborough, founder of the Canadian Abortion Rights Action League (CARAL) and Toronto Star columnist Michelle Landsberg. Guests attending a January 29 dinner for Scarborough and Landsberg ran headlong into an orderly line of demonstrators, who braved cold temperatures [...]
archives2010-03-09T15:04:02-06:00March 29, 1996|Abortion, Activism, Issues, Pro-Life, Pro-life Groups|
Students show nation's capital they stand (and skate) for life
The fifth annual Skate for Life was held on the Rideau Canal in Ottawa on February 10. "The Skate," as it has become to be known, is an event where young pro-lifers come together and encourage one another in their pro-life views. It sends a powerful message to Ottawa: These young people stand for Life. This year highschool students from London, Sarnia, [...]
archives2010-03-11T14:57:21-06:00March 29, 1996|Pro-Life, Pro-life Groups|
Homeopath supporters: "Stop the jabbing"
The very mention of homeopathy may elicit cracks about "Kentucky Fried Medicine" (27 secret herbs and spices). And the homeopathic principle, "like cures like," may sound distressingly akin to alchemy. Still, when homeopaths criticize mainstream physicians today for being blinkered and narrow in their approach to health and disease, there may be something in the charge. "The whole of modern medicine is [...]
archives2010-03-11T14:46:48-06:00March 29, 1996|Health Risks|
Group asks whether an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
VARIANCE feels it's a good idea to thoroughly scrutinize and make parents aware of mass vaccination campaigns For the last four years, a Toronto-based group has been advising parents about the risks and potential adverse reactions of vaccines. Vaccinations Risk Information and Alternative Resource Group (also known as Variance) wa formed as a follow up to a successful 1984 effort by concerned [...]
U.S. woman's death puts spotlight on abortion industry
The notion of abortion as a safe medical procedure took another blow with the recent death of Carolina Gutierrez of Miami. Gutierrez, 21, the mother of two children, obtained a legal abortion at the Maber Medical Center December 19 in the East Little Havana section of Miami. According to reports, Gutierrez had been reluctant to obtain the abortion, but was pressured into [...]
archives2010-03-08T14:58:16-06:00March 29, 1996|Abortion, Health Risks, Issues|
Activist breaks injunction; lands back in jail
Linda Gibbons: "Common Sense Revolution is meaningless if it doesn't protect life" Pro-life defender Linda Gibbons has wasted no time in again sacrificing her personal comfort and security in defence of the unborn. Gibbons, who was released from the Vanier Correctional Institute February 16, was re-arrested February 19 after demonstrating in front of the Scott abortuary on Gerrard St. East in Toronto. [...]
archives2010-03-08T13:50:54-06:00March 29, 1996|Activism, Pro-Life|
Ontario's goal: "Immunize an entire generation"
Ministry of Health institutes program to avoid any future measles outbreaks The Ontario Ministry of Health has identified the possibility of a provincial measles outbreak and has set up an inoculation campaign to avoid it. There are still enough parents around who remember getting measles and fully agree with the government campaign. The Health Ministry's intent is to give a second measles [...]
archives2010-03-11T13:06:21-06:00March 29, 1996|Health Risks, Society & Culture|
Does everyone need a shot in the arm?
In the past month, the Ontario Ministry of Health sent home a red and white flyer entitled "Help Wipe Out Red Measles" with every child in the province. Replete with warnings of "blindness," "hearing problems," "brain damage," "death" and even suspension from school for the un-inoculated, the flyer and its accompanying multi-media blitz hope to convince the public that they have a [...]
Red Scare: Ontario's war on measles
In February, the Ontario Ministry of Health began a province-wide campaign aimed at eliminating measles. In accordance with International agreements, the MOH plans to inoculate all school-aged children in Ontario. However, the government has found that its program is not immune to criticism. While most parents agree with the program's intention many disagree with its implementation. More importantly, parents worry that too [...]
archives2010-03-11T10:44:35-06:00March 29, 1996|Issues|
Nobody knows when life's clock will stop
"Life is a story in volumes three. The past the present and the yet to be. The past is gone and locked away. The present, we live it day by day. The future, the last of the volumes three, is hidden from sight. God holds the key." I usually write either off the top of my head or from the depths of [...]
archives2010-03-11T10:31:08-06:00March 29, 1996|Society & Culture|
Harris cuts spark economic stewardship debate
With opinion polls way down and the unions out for his head, will Premier Harris hold firm on his budget cuts and does he have a moral responsibility to do so? Pro-family supporters are of mixed emotions following the Ontario government's $6.3 billion cost-cutting measures announced in November. While some worry over the effect of the budget cuts on the most vulnerable [...]
archives2010-03-11T10:27:37-06:00March 29, 1996|Politics|
Research sought in abortion/breast cancer link
Two Ottawa women feel that the information is "too important to leave alone" Two Ottawa women are doing their part to spread information linking induced abortion with an increased risk of breast cancer. Karen Murawsky, public affairs officer with Campaign Life Coalition Ottawa, and partner Lyn Smith, are authors of the report, Women Need to Know. The report is a summary of [...]
Norplant horror story unfolds in Dallas
Police in Dallas are trying to determine what role a doctor who gives out contraceptives, had in a sexual abuse case. The Dallas Morning News reports that Dr. Andrew Burke has come under fire for his decision to implant the abortifacient Norplant into an 11-year-old girl. Norplant is a highly controversial implant favoured by birth-control groups who believe in its long-term capabilities. [...]
A.G.'s office still mum on court case
Ontario Attorney General Charles Harnick failed to tip his hand about the province's plans for a lingering injunction and court case against 18 pro-lifers. Speaking Febraury 13 to the North York Retired Men's Club, Harnick said it would be inappropriate to comment on a case still before the courts. He said rulings made since the injunction and court case were launched will [...]
archives2010-03-10T09:21:22-06:00March 29, 1996|Politics, Pro-Life|


Part of my ongoing 'Mom Time' series, Caitlyn McDermott and twin babies Mackenzie and Addyson at the laundromat.
Amidst the city's hustle, these retirees chose go with life's flow.
From my personal Street Photography collection, another character lady and her doggy, Washington Park, NY.
Yosemite is 1 of the 2 Meccas of the West Coast genre of photography and draws 1000s of pilgrim photographers from all over the world.
Gypsies originated in India over one thousand years ago and a few still remain living the nomadic lifestyle. Gypsies cannot be forced to conform to the rules of modern life.


Tom Odell, who has become a familiar voice on the radio in the three years following the release of his extremely successful debut album Long Way Down, is back with a second album; Wrong Crowd. Released on 10th June, Wrong Crowd is recognisably Odell, retaining the acoustic nature of the first album with tracks like Constellations, while demonstrating how he has developed as an artist. This album has a real mixture of styles, with poppy songs like Here I Am¸ to jazz inspired tracks like Jealousy. This variation shows how it is ultimately a more ambitious album than Long Way Down, although in a very different way.
The album opens with Wrong Crowd, the first single which was released, which shows a very different side to Odell as an artist than Long Way Down. Much darker in style, experimenting with heavier drums and electronic sounds, Wrong Crowd is a catchy and memorable song, which grows on you the more you listen. Magnetised, which is potentially the best track on the album, sings about the failure of a relationship, making it relatable to listeners – which is one of the things Tom Odell does most successfully. Like Wrong Crowd, Magnetised is incredibly catchy, but the underlying melodies show off Odell's artistry, with subtle piano melodies contrasting with the main tune, making it a far more complex song than it first appears. While the first couple of songs were fairly heavy, Concrete follows Magnetised, providing a break from this and is a much more poppy song in general. While it is enjoyable to listen to, and shows off Odell's piano skills, it does not hold the same power as the opening two songs. However, it is followed by Constellations, which is an outstandingly beautiful song which shows off Odell's vocals, ranging from the sheer power of his voice to his beautifully soft falsetto.
After Constellations, the album takes another turn with Sparrow, which is unlike anything I've heard from Odell before. With hints of blues in this song, it is wonderfully creepy and ethereal, displaying the sheer range of Odell's capabilities, and is something I'd like to see more of in the future. Following Sparrow is, in my opinion, the two weakest songs on the album; Still Getting Used to Being On My Own and Silhouette. While both are very catchy songs, with Still Getting Used to Being On My Own having just the right amount of angstiness, they are slightly more generic than the rest of the album, ultimately weakening them compared to the others. However, they are followed by what I would argue are two of the strongest tracks on the album, Jealousy and Daddy. Jealousy displays Odell's vocals range, showing the influences of jazz on the album and demonstrating his skill at this type of music as well. Another relatable song, it has blues-like melodies on the piano with incredibly strong vocals over the top and in the longer notes the emotion in the song is clearly evident. This jazzy track is followed by the heaviest song on the album Daddy (although Odell has commented that it is a song he loves to play acoustically) which also shows his immense vocal range, and indeed the song feels like a more controlled version of Jeff Buckley's Grace with the heavy guitars and strong vocals.
Daddy is followed by Here I Am, which has a jazzy piano melody running throughout, and is a good choice to follow Daddy to provide some relief for the listeners, but it fails to live up to the outstanding nature of Daddy and Jealousy, and although it is a nice poppy song, it is not as strong as others. The album closes on Somehow, which is a song with a huge amount of emotion and builds up beautifully. Odell again shows off his outstanding falsetto, while the use of strings at the build-up of the song is sublime and provides an emotional end to the album.
Wrong Crowd is one of the most varied and ambitious albums I have listened to this year, and indeed one of the most enjoyable. It is easy to tell the amount of work that has been put into it – and as Odell wrote over 150 songs for the album, it is obvious he only picked the very best. From jazz, to pop, to rock, this album covers a variety of styles without feeling too diverse and each song feels like it belongs. It is an album I would 100% recommend and I eagerly anticipate Tom Odell's third album! Listen to the single Magnetised below!


A fine group of former athletes have been honored in two induction ceremonies of the Burbank High Athletic Hall of Fame since it was founded in 2008.
Names like Jeff Nelson, Cathy Ferguson, Paul Cameron, Christy Calderon, Ralph Botting, John Musich and Freddy Sanchez have been just some of the individuals who have been permanently enshrined and their honors and exploits displayed in the lobby of the Burbank High gym.
"We have gotten a lot of positive feedback about the Hall of Fame displays that we've put up," said Burbank Athletic Director Fred Cook, who is responsible for establishing and maintaining the Hall of Fame. "I was at the gym the other day and some guy came in off the street just to look at the Hall of Fame displays."
Next fall, a new group of 12 former Bulldogs standouts will take their place when a third induction event will be held. The event is scheduled for Sept. 8 in the school's auditorium. There will be a meet-and-greet at 5:30 p.m. followed by the ceremony at 6.
"We like to make it a real special event," said Cook, who adds to the Hall of Fame every two years.
A 1956 Burbank graduate, Richards cultivated a boys' tennis dynasty for the Bulldogs. Along with winning a CIF Southern Section III championship in 1993 — the last title won by the school in any sport — his teams advanced to the division quarterfinals 12 of 13 years. In addition, Burbank captured 13 straight Foothill League crowns under Richards.
Loutensock was a teacher in the Burbank Unified School District for 32 years. He was the Indians boys' basketball coach from 1958-75 and has the most wins in program history. In 1967, a squad coached by Loutensock and paced by a nucleus of six fine players — Dave LeSueur, Benton White, Bob Saia, Ron Davidson, John Hoofman and Mike Acosta — advanced to CIF Division 3-A semifinals. That year, the Bulldogs won the Foothill League championship and amassed 24 wins.
The 1967 graduate was an important member of the 1967 team that advanced to the CIF semifinals. He is the only basketball player from the school to earn high school All-America honors. He also won all-league and All-CIF Southern Section accolades.
A standout in track and field and cross-country, Romero — who graduated in 1964 — was part of a distance dynasty at the school in the 1960s and into the 1970s. He captured a CIF Southern Section championship in the boys' 1,600 in 1964 and was the CIF runner-up in cross-country as a senior. In addition, he was the Foothill League champion in 1963.
The 1965 graduate averaged 20 points a game during his senior season in boys' basketball. He was a two-time Foothill League Player of the Year and was named most valuable play in five separate tournaments.
A 1969 graduate, Dodge is the only athlete in Burbank history to be named a high school All-American in two sports (boys' swimming and water polo). His Bulldogs teams won two Foothill League championships in water polo and three in swimming. He went later earned collegiate All-American accolades at Cal State Northridge.
An accomplished swimmer who could swim every event, Ross was a three-time high school All-American who captured the CIF Southern Section 100-yard freestyle event in 1972. As a senior, the 1973 graduate was undefeated in every dual-meet race he took part in and still holds the school record in the 100 freestyle.
The 1975 graduate was a standout in three sports: football, basketball and track and field. In football, he was a two-time All-CIF Southern Section award winner and was named a Prep Magazine All-American as a senior. He earned a football scholarship to UCLA.
Graduating in 1976, Gronich was one of Burbank's first female athletes to earn All-CIF Southern Section accolades, garnering the award twice in volleyball. She was a three-time all-league award winner in volleyball, also receiving an all-league nod in basketball. She also ran track.
Another of the successful distance runners to come out of Burbank. The 1979 graduate captured a CIF Southern Section 3-A championship in the 1,600 in 1979. In addition, he placed fourth in the State Meet in the 3,200 and is a member of the Bulldogs record-holding distance medley relay team.
Graduating in 1988, Gilles is the only athlete in school history to win a CIF Southern Section triple jump championship, taking the 3-A title in 1987. She held the national triple jump mark as a senior and was a three-time champion in the Foothill League.
Along with Nelson, Lewis was one of the most decorated distance runners in school history. The 1989 graduate captured a title in the boys' Division 3-A 1,600 in 1989 and also added a title in cross-country. In addition, he was a state runner-up in the 800 and captured a Foothill League cross-country title.
Also receiving Distinguished Achievement Awards at the Hall of Fame event are longtime football team doctor Bruce Varon and longtime trainer Scott Moro.


The City of Rock Springs strives to provide excellent service to its citizens. Please click one of the request forms below to ensure that your opinion or problem is heard. Your request will be routed to the proper department to be resolved as quickly and efficiently as possible. Thank you for your input!


Students will learn about the history of and perspectives on the language and the signing community in Canada with which thousands of Deaf and hearing people are associated. How this community is integrated as part of the macro-community of Canada is discussed. Information on socio-cultural values of this community is incorporated as part of this course.
Students will learn the linguistic fundamentals of ASL and learn to use it as their second language in appropriate socio-cultural context.


Select the level of strategy training appropriate for the preparation of your business or marketing strategy.
Our one day Introduction to Strategy course provides an excellent introduction to the basics of strategy, while extended courses allow for more depth.
One to one coaching support for the strategy journey – bringing clarity and structure to the process of strategy development and implementation.
A workshop-based approach to strategy development for the leadership team and functional teams – on the job learning with a tangible outcome.
An Introduction to Strategy is a one day course which explains the building blocks of strategy and describes how to prepare a strategic plan. With leadership teams in mind, this is a practical, plain English course which is enjoyable, informative and has a tangible outcome.
We will learn about your business so we can fine tune the workshop to ensure an appropriate weighting of time for pressing issues.
To dispel some of the confusion, unpick the language surrounding strategy and discover why strategy is so important.
A better understanding of strategy by identifying the key elements of a strategic plan. Planning the next steps for preparing a strategy.
Our strategy coaching programmes are a combination of coaching and one-to-one strategy training. They are guaranteed to bring fresh perspectives, new insights and a little challenge. All of our business coaching programmes are based on honesty, trust, confidentiality and mutual respect. We will agree a clear action plan at the outset and, where appropriate, link this with continuing professional development (CPD).
The ethos of action learning can work very well for strategy training and development. Action learning is collaborative learning for small teams (an 'action learning set') who meet regularly to reflect on real work issues. The philosophy behind action learning is that the most effective learning takes place in the context of real problems.
We can facilitate the action learning sets and bring structure to your strategy development.


Appointment Criteria: Must be appointed at a minimum of 50% FTE. Appointment with the rank of assistant professor requires a demonstration of teaching and research ability and requires completion of professional training (Faculty Code Section 24-34A-1).
In all cases, the mandatory review for promotion must be made during the last year of the second appointment term.
The end date in Workday reflects the anticipated end date based on the mandatory review timeline. The appointment may end on an earlier date under certain circumstances, such as a non-renewal.
Voting Rights: Yes, with 50% or more appointment (Faculty Code Section 21-32A).
Full Time/Part-time: Both. Minimum appointment is 50% FTE. The percentage of appointment must be clearly documented at the time of hire. Faculty Code Section 24-45B.
Assistant Professors without Tenure must be reviewed for promotion in the last year of the second appointment term (normally the sixth year of an appointment, but this may vary if the appointment is part-time, or if other adjustments to mandatory review dates have been approved).
A leave of absence may impact the promotion clock. Generally, a year in which an Assistant Professor without Tenure works 50% or more for six months or more will count toward the promotion clock. If the faculty member works less than that during an academic year, the promotion clock will be automatically extended by one year, extending the Probationary and Appointment End Dates by one year. The Academic Review Date (Appointment Renewal Date) will be extended as well if the review has not already occurred. See examples here.
A faculty member who becomes a parent is automatically eligible to receive a one-year extension of the Probationary and Appointment End Dates, as well as the Academic Review Date if the review has not already occurred.
To activate the extension, the faculty member must send a requesting memo through the faculty member's department chair and dean's office to the Office of Academic Personnel.
Promotion may be recommended prior to the mandatory year; however, the candidate must have a strong, persuasive, and clearly demonstrated record of substantial success in both teaching and research in order to warrant approval of an early promotion (and tenure).
Recommend denial. The candidate's appointment is then extended by one terminal year. Reconsideration of promotion in the terminal year is not allowed.
Recommend postponement of the decision (the unit must specifically vote on a motion for postponement). A postponement can be made only in the mandatory year. In such cases, the candidate will be notified in writing by the dean/chancellor that if promotion is not approved in the next year, the appointment will terminate at the end of the academic year succeeding the denial. For example, if the postponement is made in the 6th (and mandatory) year and a denial follows in the 7thyear, the appointment will terminate at the end of the 8th academic year.
Mandatory promotion recommendations are due to Academic HR by December 15.


West Ham will face Birmingham City in the third round of the FA Cup at London Stadium.
Manuel Pellegrini said West Ham should ignore their upcoming kind fixture list and focus on Tuesday's opponents Cardiff.
Aaron Cresswell looks set to miss West Ham's home match against Cardiff.
Manuel Pellegrini has warned West Ham against any complacency as they go in search of back-to-back wins in the Premier League for the first time since January 2017.
Mark Noble was full of praise for his West Ham United teammates and the Claret and Blue Army after Saturday's 3-0 Premier League win at Newcastle United.
West Ham enter the FA Cup at the third round stage, along with their fellow 43 Premier League and EFL Championship clubs.
Good afternoon and welcome to London Stadium, where West Ham United manager Manuel Pellegrini is set to meet with the media ahead of Tuesday evening's Premier League clash against Cardiff City.
Declan Rice says West Ham United must target two more wins this week following his side's impressive 3-0 victory at Newcastle United on Saturday.
Aaron Cresswell faces a late fitness test for tomorrow's home match at Cardiff City after coming off during Saturday's win over Newcastle United, according to manager Manuel Pellegrini.
Manuel Pellegrini met with members of the gathered media on Monday as his West Ham United side prepare for Tuesday's Premier League clash with Cardiff City.
Chicharito hopes West Ham United's 3-0 win over Newcastle United can kick-start the east Londoners' form heading into a busy Christmas period in the Premier League.
Aaron Cresswell faces a late fitness test for tomorrow's home match at Cardiff City after coming off during Saturday's win over Newcastle United with a hamstring injury.
West Ham United have been drawn to face Birmingham City in the Emirates FA Cup third round.


text:
namespace mojo {
namespace system {
namespace {

// Trivial subclass that makes the constructor public.
class TrivialDispatcher final : public Dispatcher {
 public:
  TrivialDispatcher() {}

  Type GetType() const override { return Type::UNKNOWN; }

 private:
  friend class base::RefCountedThreadSafe<TrivialDispatcher>;
  ~TrivialDispatcher() override {}

  scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> CreateEquivalentDispatcherAndCloseImplNoLock()
      override {
    mutex().AssertHeld();
    return scoped_refptr<Dispatcher>(new TrivialDispatcher());
  }

  MOJO_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TrivialDispatcher);
};

TEST(DispatcherTest, Basic) {
  scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> d(new TrivialDispatcher());

  EXPECT_EQ(Dispatcher::Type::UNKNOWN, d->GetType());

  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->WriteMessage(NullUserPointer(), 0, nullptr,
                            MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->ReadMessage(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(), nullptr,
                           nullptr, MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->WriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                         MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->BeginWriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                              MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, d->EndWriteData(0));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->ReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                        MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->BeginReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                             MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, d->EndReadData(0));
  Waiter w;
  w.Init();
  HandleSignalsState hss;
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_FAILED_PRECONDITION,
            d->AddAwakable(&w, ~MOJO_HANDLE_SIGNAL_NONE, 0, &hss));
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
  // Okay to remove even if it wasn't added (or was already removed).
  hss = HandleSignalsState();
  d->RemoveAwakable(&w, &hss);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
  hss = HandleSignalsState();
  d->RemoveAwakable(&w, &hss);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);

  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_OK, d->Close());

  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->WriteMessage(NullUserPointer(), 0, nullptr,
                            MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->ReadMessage(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(), nullptr,
                           nullptr, MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->WriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                         MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->BeginWriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                              MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, d->EndWriteData(0));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->ReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                        MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->BeginReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                             MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, d->EndReadData(0));
  hss = HandleSignalsState();
  EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            d->AddAwakable(&w, ~MOJO_HANDLE_SIGNAL_NONE, 0, &hss));
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
  hss = HandleSignalsState();
  d->RemoveAwakable(&w, &hss);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
}

class ThreadSafetyStressThread : public base::SimpleThread {
 public:
  enum DispatcherOp {
    CLOSE = 0,
    WRITE_MESSAGE,
    READ_MESSAGE,
    WRITE_DATA,
    BEGIN_WRITE_DATA,
    END_WRITE_DATA,
    READ_DATA,
    BEGIN_READ_DATA,
    END_READ_DATA,
    DUPLICATE_BUFFER_HANDLE,
    MAP_BUFFER,
    ADD_WAITER,
    REMOVE_WAITER,
    DISPATCHER_OP_COUNT
  };

  ThreadSafetyStressThread(base::WaitableEvent* event,
                           scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> dispatcher,
                           DispatcherOp op)
      : base::SimpleThread("thread_safety_stress_thread"),
        event_(event),
        dispatcher_(dispatcher),
        op_(op) {
    CHECK_LE(0, op_);
    CHECK_LT(op_, DISPATCHER_OP_COUNT);
  }

  ~ThreadSafetyStressThread() override { Join(); }

 private:
  void Run() override {
    event_->Wait();

    waiter_.Init();
    switch (op_) {
      case CLOSE: {
        MojoResult r = dispatcher_->Close();
        EXPECT_TRUE(r == MOJO_RESULT_OK || r == MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT)
            << "Result: " << r;
        break;
      }
      case WRITE_MESSAGE:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                  dispatcher_->WriteMessage(NullUserPointer(), 0, nullptr,
                                            MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case READ_MESSAGE:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                  dispatcher_->ReadMessage(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                                           nullptr, nullptr,
                                           MOJO_WRITE_MESSAGE_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case WRITE_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                  dispatcher_->WriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                                         MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case BEGIN_WRITE_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(
            MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            dispatcher_->BeginWriteData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                                        MOJO_WRITE_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case END_WRITE_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, dispatcher_->EndWriteData(0));
        break;
      case READ_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                  dispatcher_->ReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                                        MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case BEGIN_READ_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(
            MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            dispatcher_->BeginReadData(NullUserPointer(), NullUserPointer(),
                                       MOJO_READ_DATA_FLAG_NONE));
        break;
      case END_READ_DATA:
        EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, dispatcher_->EndReadData(0));
        break;
      case DUPLICATE_BUFFER_HANDLE: {
        scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> unused;
        EXPECT_EQ(
            MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            dispatcher_->DuplicateBufferHandle(NullUserPointer(), &unused));
        break;
      }
      case MAP_BUFFER: {
        scoped_ptr<embedder::PlatformSharedBufferMapping> unused;
        EXPECT_EQ(
            MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT,
            dispatcher_->MapBuffer(0u, 0u, MOJO_MAP_BUFFER_FLAG_NONE, &unused));
        break;
      }
      case ADD_WAITER: {
        HandleSignalsState hss;
        MojoResult r = dispatcher_->AddAwakable(
            &waiter_, ~MOJO_HANDLE_SIGNAL_NONE, 0, &hss);
        EXPECT_TRUE(r == MOJO_RESULT_FAILED_PRECONDITION ||
                    r == MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
        EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
        EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
        break;
      }
      case REMOVE_WAITER: {
        HandleSignalsState hss;
        dispatcher_->RemoveAwakable(&waiter_, &hss);
        EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
        EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
        break;
      }
      default:
        NOTREACHED();
        break;
    }

    // Always try to remove the waiter, in case we added it.
    HandleSignalsState hss;
    dispatcher_->RemoveAwakable(&waiter_, &hss);
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfied_signals);
    EXPECT_EQ(0u, hss.satisfiable_signals);
  }

  base::WaitableEvent* const event_;
  const scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> dispatcher_;
  const DispatcherOp op_;

  Waiter waiter_;

  MOJO_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ThreadSafetyStressThread);
};

TEST(DispatcherTest, ThreadSafetyStress) {
  static const size_t kRepeatCount = 20;
  static const size_t kNumThreads = 100;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kRepeatCount; i++) {
    // Manual reset, not initially signalled.
    base::WaitableEvent event(true, false);
    scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> d(new TrivialDispatcher());

    {
      ScopedVector<ThreadSafetyStressThread> threads;
      for (size_t j = 0; j < kNumThreads; j++) {
        ThreadSafetyStressThread::DispatcherOp op =
            static_cast<ThreadSafetyStressThread::DispatcherOp>(
                (i + j) % ThreadSafetyStressThread::DISPATCHER_OP_COUNT);
        threads.push_back(new ThreadSafetyStressThread(&event, d, op));
        threads.back()->Start();
      }
      // Kicks off real work on the threads:
      event.Signal();
    }  // Joins all the threads.

    // One of the threads should already have closed the dispatcher.
    EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT, d->Close());
  }
}

TEST(DispatcherTest, ThreadSafetyStressNoClose) {
  static const size_t kRepeatCount = 20;
  static const size_t kNumThreads = 100;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kRepeatCount; i++) {
    // Manual reset, not initially signalled.
    base::WaitableEvent event(true, false);
    scoped_refptr<Dispatcher> d(new TrivialDispatcher());

    {
      ScopedVector<ThreadSafetyStressThread> threads;
      for (size_t j = 0; j < kNumThreads; j++) {
        ThreadSafetyStressThread::DispatcherOp op =
            static_cast<ThreadSafetyStressThread::DispatcherOp>(
                (i + j) % (ThreadSafetyStressThread::DISPATCHER_OP_COUNT - 1) +
                1);
        threads.push_back(new ThreadSafetyStressThread(&event, d, op));
        threads.back()->Start();
      }
      // Kicks off real work on the threads:
      event.Signal();
    }  // Joins all the threads.

    EXPECT_EQ(MOJO_RESULT_OK, d->Close());
  }
}

}  // namespace
}  // namespace system
}  // namespace mojo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dr. Bob Lynch will return as CEO of Tulane Health System.
Former CEO Bob Lynch to permanently lead Tulane Medical Center a second time
BY EMILY WOODRUFF | Staff writer
Emily Woodruff
Dr. Bob Lynch, the interim CEO at Tulane Medical Center who previously ran the hospital system for six years, has been tapped to permanently take the helm yet again, Tulane Health System officials announced Wednesday.
Lynch will oversee the system jointly owned by Tulane University and Hospital Corporation of America, a for-profit operator of almost 200 hospitals and 119 surgery centers around the country.
A look inside the progress at Children's Hospital expanded mental health facility
Children's Hospital New Orleans is close to opening a new 51-bed unit for children in need of inpatient mental health services.
He served as CEO from 2007 to 2013, and was hired back in an interim capacity in October. He replaces Dr. William Lunn, who served as CEO from 2014 to April 2019, when he left for another HCA facility in Virginia. Randy Moresi, a health care consultant and previous CEO of North Hills Hospital in Texas, served as interim CEO between their terms.
Lynch will oversee the 218-bed Tulane Medical Center in downtown New Orleans and the 121-bed Tulane-Lakeside hospital in Metairie. He will also provide support to Tulane's Lakeview Regional Medical Center in Covington, which has 167 beds, and advance the hospitals' partnership with Tulane University School of Medicine.
An announcement by HCA officials described Lynch's legacy at Tulane as "profound," citing his role in rebuilding the clinical programs after Hurricane Katrina.
Tulane medical students explain story behind viral Whitney Plantation photos: 'We were called there'
Driving home this summer after touring Whitney Plantation in Edgard, Tulane University medical student Russell Ledet had a conversation with h…
After retiring at the end of 2013, Lynch served on the board of directors for PhysIQ, a medical technology company that uses artificial intelligence to analyze and monitor patient data.
"I am thrilled to return to Tulane and the New Orleans region," Lynch said in a statement. "I see tremendous growth opportunities for both the city and our health system, and I'm excited to help lead these efforts."
Emily Woodruff covers public health for The Times-Picayune | The New Orleans Advocate as a Report For America corps member.
Follow Emily Woodruff


RITCHEY LOGO Set-up Fee for first time Ritchey Custom Ear Tag customers is a One Time Set up fee added for custom text fields and logos.
Your customized set up is kept by the manufacturer for future use to imprint your tags with custom information.
Please email us at sales@cckoutfitters.com if you want to do a logo or brand on a Ritchey Ear Tag and we will give you a price.


a unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning. Words are composed of one or more morphemes and are either the smallest units susceptible of independent use or consist of two or three such units combined under certain linking conditions, as with the loss of primary accent that distinguishes blackbird from black bird. Words are usually separated by spaces in writing, and are distinguished phonologically, as by accent, in many languages.
(used in combination with the first letter of an offensive or unmentionable word, the first letter being lowercase or uppercase, with or without a following hyphen): My mom married at 20, and she mentions the m-word every time I meet someone she thinks is eligible.See also f-word, n-word.
contentious or angry speech; a quarrel: We had words and she walked out on me.
news; tidings; information: We received word of his death.
Also called machine word. Computers. a string of bits, characters, or bytes treated as a single entity by a computer, particularly for numeric purposes.
(initial capital letter) Also called the Word, the Word of God.
to express in words; select words to express; phrase: to word a contract with great care.
How Does One Word Become Two?Read more in this article about some frequently asked questions and fun facts related to our definitions.
at a word, in immediate response to an order or request; in an instant: At a word they came to take the situation in hand.
eat one's words, to retract one's statement, especially with humility: They predicted his failure, but he made them eat their words.
in a word, in summary; in short: In a word, there was no comparison.Also in one word.
in so many words, in unequivocal terms; explicitly: She told them in so many words to get out.
man of his word/woman of her word, a person who can be trusted to keep a promise; a reliable person.
of few words, laconic; taciturn: a woman of few words but of profound thoughts.
of many words, talkative; loquacious; wordy: a person of many words but of little wit.
put in a good word for, to speak favorably of; commend: He put in a good word for her with the boss.Also put in a word for.
5. statement, declaration. 6. pledge. 7. message, report, account. 8. catchword, shibboleth.
a verbal signal for action; commandwhen I give the word, fire!
the word the proper or most fitting expressioncold is not the word for it, it's freezing!
Old English word "speech, talk, utterance, word," from Proto-Germanic *wurdan (cf. Old Saxon, Old Frisian word, Dutch woord, Old High German, German wort, Old Norse orð, Gothic waurd), from PIE *were- "speak, say" (see verb).
The meaning "promise" was in Old English, as was the theological sense. In the plural, the meaning "verbal altercation" (as in to have words with someone) dates from mid-15c. Word processor first recorded 1973; word processing is from 1984; word wrap is from 1977. A word to the wise is from Latin phrase verbum sapienti satis est "a word to the wise is enough." Word of mouth is recorded from 1550s.
Honor one's promises, as in You can count on Richard; he'll keep his word. This expression employs word in the sense of "a promise," a usage dating from the late 1500s. For an antonym, see go back on.


text:
package org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.exasol.manager;

import org.jkiss.code.Nullable;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.DBException;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.exasol.model.ExasolTable;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.exasol.model.ExasolTableBase;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.exasol.model.ExasolTableColumn;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.DBPEvaluationContext;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.DBUtils;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.edit.DBECommandContext;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.edit.DBEObjectRenamer;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.edit.DBEPersistAction;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.impl.DBSObjectCache;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.impl.edit.SQLDatabasePersistAction;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.impl.sql.edit.struct.SQLTableColumnManager;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.runtime.DBRProgressMonitor;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.struct.DBSObject;
import org.jkiss.utils.CommonUtils;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Exasol Table Column Manager
 *
 * @author Karl Griesser
 */
public class ExasolTableColumnManager extends SQLTableColumnManager<ExasolTableColumn, ExasolTableBase> implements DBEObjectRenamer<ExasolTableColumn> {

    private static final String SQL_ALTER = "ALTER TABLE %s MODIFY COLUMN %s ";
    private static final String SQL_COMMENT = "COMMENT ON COLUMN %s.%s IS '%s'";

    private static final String CMD_ALTER = "Alter Column";
    private static final String CMD_COMMENT = "Comment on Column";

    // -----------------
    // Business Contract
    // -----------------
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public DBSObjectCache<? extends DBSObject, ExasolTableColumn> getObjectsCache(ExasolTableColumn object) {
        return object.getParentObject().getContainer().getTableCache().getChildrenCache((ExasolTable) object.getParentObject());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canEditObject(ExasolTableColumn object) {
        // Edit is only availabe for ExasolTable and not for other kinds of tables (View, MQTs, Nicknames..)
        ExasolTableBase exasolTableBase = object.getParentObject();
        if ((exasolTableBase != null) & (exasolTableBase.getClass().equals(ExasolTable.class))) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // ------
    // Create
    // ------

    @Override
    protected ExasolTableColumn createDatabaseObject(DBRProgressMonitor monitor, DBECommandContext context, ExasolTableBase parent,
                                                     Object copyFrom) {
        ExasolTableColumn column = new ExasolTableColumn(parent);
        column.setName(getNewColumnName(monitor, context, parent));
        return column;
    }

    // -----
    // Alter
    // -----
    @Override
    protected void addObjectModifyActions(List<DBEPersistAction> actionList, ObjectChangeCommand command) {
        ExasolTableColumn exasolColumn = command.getObject();

        if (!command.getProperties().isEmpty()) {

        	// build nullability tring
        	String nullability = "";
        	if (exasolColumn.isOriRequired() != null &&  exasolColumn.isOriRequired() != exasolColumn.isRequired())
        		nullability = exasolColumn.isRequired() ? "NOT NULL" : "NULL";

            final String deltaSQL = exasolColumn.getName() + " " + exasolColumn.getFormatType()
                + " " + (exasolColumn.getDefaultValue() == null ? "" : " DEFAULT " + exasolColumn.getDefaultValue())
                + " " + formatIdentiy(exasolColumn.isAutoGenerated(), exasolColumn.getIdentityValue())
                + " " + nullability;
            if (!deltaSQL.isEmpty()) {
                String sqlAlterColumn = String.format(SQL_ALTER, exasolColumn.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName(DBPEvaluationContext.DDL), deltaSQL);
                actionList.add(new SQLDatabasePersistAction(CMD_ALTER, sqlAlterColumn));
            }
        }

        // Comment
        DBEPersistAction commentAction = buildCommentAction(exasolColumn);
        if (commentAction != null) {
            actionList.add(commentAction);
        }

    }

    private String formatIdentiy(Boolean isAutoGenerated,BigDecimal identityValue)
    {
    	String ret = "";
    	if (isAutoGenerated)
    	{
    		ret = "IDENTITY ";

    		if (identityValue != null)
    		{
    			ret = ret + identityValue.toString() + " ";
    		}
    	}

    	return ret;
    }

    // -------
    // Helpers
    // -------
    private DBEPersistAction buildCommentAction(ExasolTableColumn exasolColumn) {
        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(exasolColumn.getDescription())) {
            String tableName = exasolColumn.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName(DBPEvaluationContext.DDL);
            String columnName = exasolColumn.getName();
            String comment = exasolColumn.getDescription();
            String commentSQL = String.format(SQL_COMMENT, tableName, columnName, comment);
            return new SQLDatabasePersistAction(CMD_COMMENT, commentSQL);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void renameObject(DBECommandContext commandContext, ExasolTableColumn object, String newName) throws DBException {
        processObjectRename(commandContext, object, newName);
    }

    @Override
    protected void addObjectRenameActions(List<DBEPersistAction> actions, ObjectRenameCommand command) {
        final ExasolTableColumn column = command.getObject();

        actions.add(
            new SQLDatabasePersistAction(
                "Rename column",
                "ALTER TABLE " + column.getTable().getFullyQualifiedName(DBPEvaluationContext.DDL) + " RENAME COLUMN " +
                    DBUtils.getQuotedIdentifier(column.getDataSource(), command.getOldName()) + " TO " +
                    DBUtils.getQuotedIdentifier(column.getDataSource(), command.getNewName()))
        );
    }
}


text:
Response of Bush, local officials to Katrina victims is real disaster
October 12, 2005 by Rich Klein
President Bush's acceptance of responsibility in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which came September 13, was about as slow as the federal government's actual response to help the victims.
In short, it was too little and way too late. This will permanently tarnish his reputation for the balance of his time in his office and beyond.
Once again, the President has seemed either terribly naive or terribly insensitive - or both - while vacationing at his Crawford ranch. And both times turned out to be real disasters in which lives were lost senselessly, not to mention that they were also political and PR disasters.
The first memorable incident was in August 2001, when he was presented with intelligence that Al-Qaeda was planning a massive terrorist attack against American interests. No concrete action was taken to deter the attacks that left nearly 3,000 dead at the World Trade Center, at the Pentagon, and in a Pennsylvania field.
Fast forward to early September 2005, as horrific images filled our TV screens with suffering and dying Americans - not in the Gulf of the Middle East, but on the Gulf Coast of America. Yet, it took President Bush two full days before finally cutting his vacation short and returning to Washington to start dealing with Katrina. By then, precious lives were lost thanks to his buddy Michael Brown and other inexperienced bureaucrats.
And although the President has yet to see massive Vietnam-era-like antiwar demonstrations over the deaths of 2,000 brave Americans in Iraq, the deaths of some 400 Americans in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama have infuriated so many Americans that he will surely be remembered for one of the greatest failures of any President in history to protect his citizens.
Bush's disapproval ratings are now at their highest levels since he took office. His legacy will be written with, "You're doing a heck of a job, Brownie," rather than, "I can hear you. The rest of the world hears you. And the people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon."
The President could have had a different legacy if he'd accepted more responsibility for his actions on terrorism, Iraq, and Katrina. He should have apologized quickly when he made his many mistakes, explained his domestic and foreign policies to the American people, and not misled the public on so many issues that will later come back to haunt him.
But we've also learned that the administration isn't alone in its inept handling of the Katrina crisis. Gov. Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (D-LA) and New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin failed miserably in their responsibilities to their residents and clearly spent way too much time blaming the feds rather than executing their own crisis management plans effectively. And from a PR standpoint, they never displayed the kind of leadership people desperately need from their government in times of massive suffering.
Rich Klein
Riverside Public Relations
Green And Clean Tech
No more business as usual as purpose takes deserved place
Torod Neptune: Racial inequality in PR is deplorable
Why COVID-19 news jacking isn't as bad as you think
Adjust, don't derail, your CES plans
Giving PR an equal seat at the table with sales and marketing


What type and model of Nikon cameras are you selling?
-- PM (gundam78sg@yahoo.com.sg), April 21, 2003.
-- Bob Chua (bccl@hotmail.com), April 23, 2003.
What kind of Leica camera's do you own?
-- repko (repko_van_husen@hotmail.com), July 20, 2004.


See some of Madrid's top sites while getting some exercise with this small-group running out. You'll have the choice of one of five different itineraries, each of which pas by some fantastic attractions. And even if you aren't a fast runner, fear not: the group will keep pace with the slowest runner.
Discover Madrid on foot with other running enthusiasts on this small-group running tour. You'll travel in a pack of between four and 15 runners, traveling between 5 miles (8 kilometers) and 13 miles (21 kilometers) through the streets and parks of Madrid. The run's pace and course can be adjusted to your preferences and ability.
Welcome to this personal running tour of Madrid. Our guides all have great knowledge and experience of Madrid and we will take you on a running guide tour around the centre of Madrid.We will cover most of the main attractions during our run and this will also give you a great overview of Madrid and how the city is laid out. This is great if you want to continue exploring on your own later during your stay. The tour also covers areas of history, day to day life in Madrid, great restaurants and bars. You have the chance to ask us for recommendations and tips on how to make your stay in Madrid as memorable as possible. At some attractions we will do a full stop for your guide to give you some information as well as having time to take some photos. The tour guide will also point out additional sights etc. during the run between the stops. We will run as fast as the slowest member of the group.
Discover Madrid on your sneakers during this Running Tour with OLE OUTDOOR TEAM. You can choose from different lengths, varying between 8km/16km and 21km. (1-15 pax) During these 2-3-hours running tours, led by a guide passionate about sports and the city, you will get a complete overview of what the city has to offer while getting your exercise done. The itinerary and starting times are flexible. Also: an additional pick-up service is available if you prefer to start at a different location than your hotel lobby. Opt for a leisurely jog at a conversational pace with stops factored in, or ramp up the speed with a fast-paced run to cover more ground. Sightsee around town, passing attractions such as the Royal Palace of Madrid (Palacio Real), or explore parks like Casa de Campo or Buen Retiro Park. It's an experience to suit all: avid runners, casual joggers or business travelers wanting to escape the hotel treadmill. .
Welcome to this private running tour of Madrid. Our guides all have great knowledge and experience of Madrid and we will take you on a running guide tour around the centre of Madrid.We can tailor the tour to fit your interests and can cover some of the main attractions or something a bit further afield if you choose. We can also cover some of Madrid's history or give you some insight in to where to go for food and drink. You have the chance to ask us for recommendations and tips on how to make your stay in Madrid as memorable as possible. You can choose if we should do a full stop at some attractions for your guide to give you some information as well as having time to take some photos. You choose the speed and if it's several of you then we will run as fast as the slowest member of the group.
TRAIL RUNNING WITH MADRID OUTDOOR SPORTS!Transport incluided. (3-15 pax)Combine your city trip with an unexpected visit to some of the most breathtaking natural sceneries you can imagine.Choose from either El Pardo, the beautiful hilly forest at just 10 minutes from the city… or go for an adventurous mountain run in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park. Less than an hour driving, you can be blazing the trails of Madrid's very own outdoor paradise. This Trail Running Tour is guaranteed to be the highlight of anyone's trip to Madrid. And there will always be options to design the perfect Trail Run just for you. Whether you're an experienced (trail) runner or a beginner, Madrid's mountains offer a wide variety of landscapes and trails for everyone.
At night it is difficult to run only through the forest. I offer to realize this experience telling anecdotes of the place.
Experienced and beginner runners can combine fitness and sightseeing on this private running tour to Madrid's top sights. Choose your distance 5- to 7.5-miles (8- or 12-kilometers) and jog at your own pace accompanied by your guide. Select sights that interest you or follow an existing itinerary to see the Royal Palace, Casa Campo, or Retiro Park. Stop for photos and to explore the city center your way.
Discover Madrid on your sneakers during this Private (1-3 pax) Running Tour with OLE OUTDOOR TEAM. You can choose from different lengths, varying between 8km and 21km. During these 2-3-hours private (1-3 pax) running tours, led by a guide passionate about sports and the city, you will get a complete overview of what the city has to offer while getting your exercise done. The itinerary and starting times are flexible. Also: an additional pick-up service is available if you prefer to start at a different location than your hotel lobby. Opt for a leisurely jog at a conversational pace with stops factored in, or ramp up the speed with a fast-paced run to cover more ground. Sightsee around town, passing attractions such as the Royal Palace of Madrid (Palacio Real), or explore parks like Casa de Campo or Buen Retiro Park. It's an experience to suit all: avid runners, casual joggers or business travelers wanting to escape the hotel treadmill.


text:
Banned Book Week
Heaven Buck
Banned Books are the books that have been censored, removed or restricted in certain countries due to their violence, word usage and ideologies. Banned Book Week started in 1982. It was started by Judith Krug, an activist for the First Amendment. Krug started this as a way to bring awareness to the idea that there should not be a limit on what people read. The books banned in America were mostly banned to protect children from things that are deemed unsuitable for their age group. Banned Book Week is meant to be a time to realize that books should not be censored for their content.
"Two Boys Kissing" by David Levithan
"Two Boys Kissing" by David Levithan is a story based on true events of two boys who participate in a 32-hour marathon of kissing to set a new Guinness World Record. The story is narrated by a Greek Chorous of gay men who were lost in the AIDS epidemic. This book was challenged or "banned" because of its LGBTQ+ content. Its first challenger was a parent in Virginia in 2014. This book is important now more than ever due to the rise in knowledge of the LGBTQ+ community. People who are challenging the book did so to prevent young children from being able to access its explicit content.
"Lord of the Flies" by William Golding
The book "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding is about a group of British boys who wind up stranded on an uninhabitable island and their attempts to govern themselves while stuck there. This story made it onto the banned books list because of its offensive language and the implication it has that humans are little more than animals. This book was first challenged by a series of schools in Dallas, Texas in 1974. Adults did not want young children to be exposed to the extreme violence and language of the book. This book is said to be important because it digs into what society would be like with poor leadership.
"Animal Farm" by George Orwell is a book about farm animals who rebel against the farmer to create a place of peace and equality where they can be happy and free. This book was challenged because of its indecent imagery and the fact that some people assumed that Orwell was a communist. This book was first challenged due to a survey taken in Wisconsin in 1963. Orwell mostly wrote this book to criticize communist government systems, which made it banned in a lot of communist countries. This book is said to be important mostly to show how terrible a communist government truly is and why it always fails.
"A Wrinkle in Time" by Madeleine L'Engle
The story "A Wrinkle in Time" by Madeleine L'Engle is a banned book about a girl who travels through space and time to save her father from evil. This book has been challenged it was seen as too complex for children and because it mixes science and religion. This story was first banned in 1962 for its religious attributes. Christians did not like that the book mixed two things that it deemed to not be mixable. The mix of Christianity as a science and science as a way of searching for spirituality did not sit well with some.
Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling
The Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling is a banned book about a boy who finds out that he is a wizard. Not just a wizard but a very important one who has to go to a school for wizardry and learn magic so that he can defeat the dark wizard who killed his parents. This book has made it into the banned book list because it was seen as a way to conjure evil spirits if read out loud. The series was first challenged by a Nashville, Tennessee Catholic school because the book had the risk of conjuring spirits. The pastor at the school who said this made the executive decision to pull the book from their school libraries without the input of the teachers or parents.


text:
Q: Azure: requests to BLOB storage hit CPU? I'm trying to calculate costs of delivering, viewing and clicking images using Azure services. I want to avoid using as much CPU as possible but I'm a bit confused. When someone navigates to an image that's in BLOB storage would that count as a request to my web site instance or is that purely a storage transaction?
Also since I need to track the viewing of the image is it possible to get this metric through the BLOB storage instead of sending an ajax hit back to my server? I'm trying to save round trips back to the server.
Based on this article (benchmarks) it shows that 2 medium instances can support ~100 requests/sec therefore around 263 million requests/month. The website I'm building will easily need hundreds of millions of views to be tracked and also millions of clicks so I want to see if I can avoid the costs of requests as they look to be the most expensive compared to bandwidth/storage.

A: Blob Storage is a completely independent service from your Cloud Service role instances (or Virtual Machine instances, or Web Sites instances). If you embed a URL to a blob, within an <img> tag, then the browser will make the request directly to Blob storage. The URL would actually start with http://yourname.blob.core.windows.net/container/blobname, which is a separate endpoint from http://yourservice.cloudapp.net.
If, on the other hand, your request handler takes the responsibility of downloading the blob to the machine instance and then pushing it back to the user as part of the response stream, yes you'll take a hit on cpu and bandwidth (and memory).
If you choose the former method, you can collect stats by enabling storage analytics which give a comprehensive view of both individual downloads (including source IP address) as well as hourly rollups.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


drp and GROSVENORFILM swept the floor with a combined six awards at the 12th annual EVCOM Clarion awards. drp hosted the 2nd annual Young Carers Conference in April 2015 for YSS, held at our Midlands studios, which gave the opportunity for young carer's in Worcestershire to share their personal journey's, partake in workshops and highlight the challenges they face. The conference secured two gold awards in the Brand Communication/Experience (Live Events) and Educational training categories and a silver award in the Conference (Live Events) category.
GROSVENORFILM received the silver award in the Brand Communication/Experience category, Silver in the Innovation Award (Film) category and highly commended in the Social Film category. The winning project, 'Ebola; The Journey So Far', followed the journey of the Ebola vaccine and GSK's humanitarian response during the Ebola crisis. GSK also received the prestigious Champion award which is presented to a person or organisation who has shown outstanding achievement in CSR, ethical and environmental communication.
The EVCOM Clarion awards originally launched at Parliament in 2003 are now in their 12th year and are the leading awards for recognising best practice in communicating the importance of CSR, diversity, community development, ethical, health, education and welfare issues.


Welcome to Mariner West! This beautiful condominium complex sits right along the shores of Panama City Beach, providing you with some of the best views of the coast you'll have the pleasure of enjoying! This is a smaller complex, but comes with more enjoyment! You can take advantage of our beautiful community pool, lovely scenery, private balconies, shuffleboard, tennis courts and so much more! Every unit sleeps up to 6 people comfortably, and they're pretty roomy! Outside of the lovely complex is a whole world of opportunities, we make it possible for you to take advantage of all of them!
Jet ski and parasailing rentals, dolphin tours, helicopter tours, water park, golfing, zoo, Ripley's Believe It or Not and so many more! When it comes to food in the area, you won't be disappointed! Panama City Beach is home to some of the finest seafood eateries that serve fresh food in a fun scene you won't regret trying!
Scroll down to view our selection of rental properties at Mariner West in Panama City Beach. Contact the property owners directly and they will assist you in booking your next dream vacation. ECBYO does not charge service fees like other large listing companies do. We hope you enjoy your next vacation to Mariner West in Panama City Beach FL.


In our fashionable world it appears as if natural science is totally incompatible with religion and (to a large extend) philosophy. Expertise is what links science to human expertise; it is what makes science real for us. A light-weight switch, a jet plane, or a measles vaccine, these are trigger-and-impact machines that turn phenomena that may be described by science — the movement of electrons, the movement of air molecules, the stimulation of antibodies — into dependable outcomes: the sunshine goes on, the jet flies, the kid turns into immune.
With help from the Institute of Public Affairs, I've been pushing back in opposition to the costs and the gag order – main the university to go looking my official emails for examples of where I had mentioned the case to different scientists, previous pals, past students and my wife.
The quite a few healthy advantages from drinking inexperienced tea are very effectively established in the present day. Simplifying the Truth and solving the Thriller of Life, bringing wholeness to the dismembered Body of Christ, providing group interactions for the growth of all, preserving one abreast of the latest leading edge developments, driving ignorance, superstition and deception from our personal lives and society as well.
Science has given time to housewives, to spend it with their children, to check in their leisure time and to deal with business or work in offices. 5. Kimia Berita: Bagian ini memberikan berita untuk mereka yang suka kimia dan ingin menjaga diri mereka up to date tentang temuan terbaru dalam Kimia.
Science has made our life comfortable. There are a number of methods of motivating the scholars to be desirous about Earth Science. Beta cells are cells which produce something called insulin; the insulin protects the organism from getting a disease. In all these papers, surgery additionally helped reverse or stop people's obesity-related well being circumstances, like diabetes , high blood pressure, or excessive cholesterol.
Targeting the core social deficits of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in early intervention programs yielded sustained improvements in social and communication abilities even in very young children who've ASD, according to a examine funded by the National Institute of Psychological Health (NIMH), a part of the Nationwide Institutes of Well being.