I have been working this week on the 18th century part of the manuscript for the Knapp spinoff book "The Mastics , from Blueblood to Bluecollar and came across some documents that are very appropriate to the holiday.
First Up Is A Handwritten Note Dated July 12, 1776 From The President Of The Continental Congress Of New York . Nathaniel Woodhull of Mastic, L. I. Written to the commanding officer of "the Fortifications In The Highlands " regarding the movements of British warships.
Sir : We have just received intelligence by Express that two ships of war have gone up the river & __?__ the fortifications at Kings Bridge. We therefore think it is expedient to send you notice of this Event immediately, that you may prepare without delay to give them a warm reception.
I am sir yours __? Nathaniel Woodhull Presidt.
The River is The Hudson. Kingbridge is the northern Bronx. General Woodhull was attending the convention of Representatives of The State Of New York further north in White Plains. He would return home to Mastic for the last time at the end of the month and a few weeks later he would find himself near the frontlines facing General Howe's overwhelming forces in the first major battle of the Revolutionary War, The Battle Of Long Island in Brooklyn & Queens in August. Woodhull was badly wounded and died in captivity a few weeks later. His widow Ruth, (William Floyd's sister) brought his body home to Mastic for burial in September.
RE Spelling : remember the letter that looks like a lower case f is really an S when used at the beginning or within a word. But for plurals they used S.
AND HERE IS SOME FOOD FOR THOUGHT.
THINK HOW THE AVERAGE IRAQ CITIZEN MIGHT FEEL THIS MONTH.


Real Estate & Personal Property Ordered Sold at Public Auction!
Would you bid $1 million for ex-National Century exec's home?
Confiscated home goes on the block Saturday.
Robert S. Cassel, auctioneer, shows the "frog pond," the home's paneled bar, which has custom glassware and decorations.
See Bob Cassel in Action!
The government hired Cassel & Associates Realtors and Auctioneers to sell the 7,400-square-foot home of Donald H. Ayers, a former executive of National Century Financial Enterprises who is serving a 15-year sentence in a federal prison. The Ayers' home was confiscated by the federal government after he was convicted in March 2008 of securities fraud and money laundering. Ayers was among 11 company executives convicted after the business collapsed in the largest case of private-sector fraud in U.S. history.
Cassel & Associates Realtors and Auctioneers Liquidated the Columbus City Center in February, 2009. "It's like a big garage sale," said auctioneer Bob Cassel. City Center contained 1.2 million square feet of retail space, and the businesses leased everything except their inventory.
The six-bedroom home, designed more than a century ago by noted architect Frank Packard, remained untouched after its owner died in 2005.


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It's fair to wonder, particularly in Del Rio's case, whether this track record with pass rushers indicates exceptional luck or quality coaching. It's probably a bit of both. But in the NFL, unmanaged talent is easy to waste. Pandemic Development: Elliott was among highest profile players known to have had COVID 19. Two time rushing champ recovered before camp, hasn't missed time. Offense has easier transition to new staff because McCarthy kept play caller Kellen Moore.
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"He's a hero," a man named Alan Endries said. But he's not.And the concocted tale of how the 17 year old boy came to be on the streets of Kenosha, Wisconsin, during a civil disturbance, how he shot three people, killing two, simply doesn't pass the smell test. Who arms themselves with an AR 15 style rifle, leaves home and drives to another state to defend a business belonging to somebody else, a stranger to whom he has no connection? We're asked to believe Rittenhouse and other members of a right wing street gang styling itself a "militia" gathered in Kenosha from a sense of public spiritedness? Please.
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If you're looking ahead to retirement, a new life in Ireland could be just the ticket: homes are very affordable, so you can easily get yourself a detached home with a bit of land. The people are welcoming and it's just a short hop for the family to come and see you. Here are our ten steps to follow to retire to Ireland in 2019.
While Ireland is English-speaking and just a short distance from the UK, it is still a different country. Therefore, it is just as important to consider whether a move to Ireland with your children is in their best interests as it would be if you were planning a move to the other side of the world. Fortunately, Ireland has a lot of great qualities that make it an ideal spot to raise a family.


Welcome to Smith's Colonial Motel located alongside the beautiful Delaware River in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains. Our motel offers clean comfortable rooms in a quiet country setting. Each room overlooks the Delaware River and Point Mountain, where the East Branch and the West Branch of the Delaware come together. Whether your stay is business, pleasure or both, you'll enjoy your stay at Smith's Colonial Motel.


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William Wister Haines
William Wister Haines (September 17, 1908 – November 18, 1989) was an American author, screenwriter, and playwright. His most notable work, Command Decision, was published as a novel, play, and screenplay following World War II.
Haines was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1908, one of three sons of Diedrich Jansen Haines and Ella Wister Haines. His father, the grandson of Reuben Haines III, worked as vice president of a surety bond company, Southern Surety Company of Iowa, and his mother was a notable author of mysteries and serialized stories, many of which appeared in The Des Moines Register. His uncle, Owen Wister, authored the 1902 novel The Virginian, which popularized the genre of Western fiction, and later became both a successful film and television series.
Haines was educated at the Scholta-Nollen School, the Culver Military Academy, and Des Moines' Theodore Roosevelt High School, from which he graduated in 1926. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1931 with a degree in engineering. Unable to find employment as an engineer during the Great Depression, he worked nights as an electric lineman on a railroad running between Chicago and the Eastern Seaboard. His experience as a lineman became the basis for his first two books, Slim and High Tension.
Haines joined the United States Army Air Forces in early 1942, going to the United Kingdom as an intelligence officer with the U.S. Eighth Air Force. Haines served nearly three years in Britain, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel on the staff of the U.S. Strategic Air Forces Europe, where he worked on the Ultra Project.
In 1934, Haines married Frances Tuckerman and had two children, William Jr. and Laura. Haines retired in Laguna Niguel, in Southern California.
Haines died on November 18, 1989, of a stroke while on a cruise ship near Acapulco. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
Slim, published in 1934, won him critical and popular acclaim as a writer. The novel was part adventure tale, part social commentary, and part-time capsule of the Great Depression, notable for its realism and its on-target portrayal of working class attitudes and language during that period. Slim continues to have an audience today and is a sought-after book, especially among utility linemen and railfans. In 1937, the novel was made into the movie Slim starring Henry Fonda, with Haines writing the screenplay. The illustrations for the hardcover of Slim were by Robert Lawson and do not appear in the paperback releases.
His next novel, High Tension (1938), was a critical success but less successful financially. His novel The Winter War (1961), about the 1877 winter campaign of the U.S. Army against the Sioux in Montana, was at the time of its publication a popular western and was awarded the Spur Award of the Western Writers of America. He also published a non-fiction book, Ultra in 1980, also based on his World War II experiences as an intelligence officer. His other books were The Honorable Rocky Slade (1955), Target (1964), and The Image (1968).
His filmography credits are Alibi Ike (1935), Man of Iron (1935), Black Legion (1937), Slim (1937), Mr. Dodd Takes the Air (1937), Submarine D-1 (1937), The Texans (1938), Beyond Glory (1948), Command Decision (1948), The Racket (1951), One Minute to Zero (1952), The Eternal Sea (1955), The Wings of Eagles (1957), and Torpedo Run (1958).
Haines was a member of the Authors Guild and the Dramatists Guild of America. He also contributed various articles and stories to magazines. His short story "Remarks-None" was published in the railroad story anthology Headlights and Markers in 1968.
While in Europe, Haines began writing a stage play, Command Decision, based on his 8th Air Force experiences, but was unable to sell it. Many producers rejected it, feeling it followed too closely the war's end to have popular appeal. A publisher suggested he write it as a novel, which first appeared as a four-part serial in The Atlantic Monthly between October 1946 and 1947. In January 1947, the first edition of Command Decision brought Haines critical and popular acclaim. The success of the novel revived the play, which ran for 409 performances on Broadway between October 1947 and September 1948.
In May 1947 Haines reached a deal with MGM Studios to sell it the film rights for $100,000, with an additional promise of 15% of the play's weekly gross (or approximately $300,000) if the play opened by October 1947.
Command Decision as a feature film starring Clark Gable premiered in December 1948. The film and book have been called the first important work of fiction about World War II. They differ from most of the prior war-themed works from that period, which stressed the experiences of average citizens forced to go to war, in that Command Decision explores the pressures of leadership, political in-fighting, moral conflicts, and psychological effects rather than glamorizing combat, and frankly admitting the high losses in men and materiel that characterized air combat. It also takes a "warts and all" approach to the conduct of some U.S. military leaders, depicting occasional propaganda misrepresentations, personal ambitions, opportunism, and information clampdowns in the name of security. The protagonist of the story is a general who must choose between submitting to public relations demands and doing what must be done to defeat Germany. He chooses the latter and is relieved of his command for it, leading to the death of his closest friend in the process.
17.09.1908 (♍ Jungfrau)
Drehbuchautor,


Travelers looking to take in the best of the Bayou should look into the popular combo tours offered in New Orleans, Louisiana. The City, Cemetery, Swamp & San Francisco Tours and Paddle and Wheel Combo Tour provide travelers with an interesting perspective at the city.
This tour allows guests to step back in time all the way to the year 1839, as they visit the renowned Oak Alley Plantation. In addition to this historic home, people attending the tour will also get to see the world famous Bayou.
Experience New Orleans by land and water with this combination tour that includes a sightseeing cruise aboard the Steamboat Natchez and a motorcoach tour through the city's most famous neighborhoods and districts.
Get two tours for the price of one; first, stroll through historic New Orleans seeing buildings over 300 years old before hopping on the Natchez Harbor Cruise for more history and stunning views.


La Petite Ferme's Wine & Food Experience is an exclusive event where one can indulge in sublime culinary creations paired with local and international wines in the stunning Franschhoek wine valley. This July, Cabernet Sauvignon, considered by many to be the king of reds, takes center stage. Famous as a full-bodied wine, it is nonetheless capable of delicacy and elegance in skilled hands. Following the tasting is a three-course food-and-wine spectacular to further intrigue the taste buds. Booking is essential and reservations are limited. To book your tickets at R750pp, contact La Petite Ferme on pr@lapetiteferme.co.za.
The Knysna Oyster Festival is one of South Africa's premier sport and lifestyle festivals, offering something exciting for everyone. The festival programme is packed with events from a fun fair, a cycle tour, multiple sport challenges, hikes, all sorts of activities for the kids and much, much more. And of course the main attraction, the oysters! If you love food, sport, or fun in general, head over to WebTickets to get your passes. Tickets range from R20-R180. To find out more visit the Oyster Festival website here.
This Bastille Day, head over to Franschhoek to participate in a journey of all things French, including a mountain bike race, a food and wine extravaganza, and more. Stop by the Food & Wine Marquee to take in the stunning mountain views and sample delicious Franschhoek wines. From there you can take a walk into the village and lunch at one of Franschhoek's many well-known eateries. There's also a dedicated children's area with kid-friendly activities. If you're feeling adventurous, look into extending your experience with the Joie de Vivre package, which includes a mountain bike race, accommodation, and access to exclusive functions and meals. Tickets for the Food & Wine Marquee are R280 per person. Pre-booking is essential. Get your tickets here.
Check out the lively Soetes & Soup winter festival for a chance to enjoy some exciting soup varieties, including cheeseburger, eisbein and waterblommetjie, just to name a few. And don't forget about the fantastic wine from estates in the Rawsonville, Slanghoek, Goudini and Breeded River areas. Other highlights include live entertainment, hiking trails, lots of scrumptious food stalls, and plenty of activities for the kiddies. A weekend pass runs R150 per person and pre-booking here is essential. Designated drivers (no drinking!) enter for R100. Find more information here.
Lanzerac Wine Estate's winter-inspired tastings are the perfect way to keep warm this winter. From the comfort of their Tasting Room, one can enjoy new releases and old favourites from Lanzerac's famed estate. These delicious wines are best paired with a hearty bowl of soup and fresh home baked breads on offer. Space for these evening tastings is limited, so be sure to book your ticket in advance. The cost of R95pp includes a welcome drink, wine tasting and a light dinner of soup and bread. For bookings or enquiries contact Zelda at Lanzerac Wine Estate here.
Escape the cold this winter by indulging in Delheim Wine Estate's Jazz and Cheese Fondues. This fun and cosy event takes place in the estate's snug and intimate underground wine cellar. Enjoy the enticing sounds of jazz performed by talented local musicians as you tuck into the scrumptious pots of Gruyère and Emmentaler, paired with exceptional Delheim wines. Tickets for this event cost R230pp, which includes a shared cheese fondue, live music and a glass of glühwein. To reserve your tickets, contact Delheim Wines.
Image provided, all rights reserved.
Escape the winter chill and head to La Petite Ferme, an intimate mountainside retreat overlooking the beautiful Franschhoek Valley. Whether you're enjoying one of the luxuriously appointed vineyard suites, taking in the farm's endless panorama views, or experiencing one of their all-inclusive, full-day winelands tours, La Petite Ferme is sure to be a perfect refuge from the cold weather and city life. Be sure to ask us about their ultimate winter escape packages to take full advantage of your stay. Contact us for more details and to book.
The new winter menu at Gabriëlskloof Estate is not to be missed. Sharing Sundays, a concept started last winter at Gabriëlskloof, is all about shareable cuisine, family feast style. French Farmstyle is the theme of this winter's menu, which means an abundance of rich, flavourful and colourful dishes perfect for the cold weather to come. So head to Gabriëlskloof, indulge in a fabulous meal, and share an experience with your dinner companions. Don't forget to try the pie of the day if you're there on a weekday! To reserve your table, contact Tel: 028 284 9865 or email.
The Terra del Capo Antipasto Bar at Anthonij Rupert Wyne in Franschhoek has launched their 2017 winter menu, and it's full of delectable dishes perfect for the chilly weather. The menu is inspired by regional produce from the winelands. There are hot and cold Antipasti dishes available, which are lovely when paired with wines from the Protea, L'Ormarins and Terra del Capo ranges. Revisit your old favourites, or find new ones at the Terra del Capo Antipasto Bar on the beautiful Anthonij Rupert Wyne Estate this winter. The tasting room and antipasto bar are open from Tuesday to Sunday (10am to 4:30pm). Pre-booking is essential. For more information and reservations, contact Anthonij Rupert Wyne.


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Girl of the Month: Karlie Kloss
In honor of our #REBOOT issue, which is our sixth issue, we thought long and hard about who's the perfect Girl of the Month. After many contemplating, researching, scavenger-hunting through Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram, and especially YouTube, I immediately know who's perfect for the title. Plus, I stumbled upon a video on YouTube, which made me learned so much more about her. From her hobbies, her fun facts, all the way to her favorite pizza topping. It's none other than America's sweetheart x good girl in the fashion industry. The runway ruling, photo-ready princess, slash model, Karlie Kloss.
First of all, who doesn't know the famous Karlie Kloss?! Her name rose to fame after she stepped up on the runway and walked for Victoria's Secret in 2011, alongside some of the world's most famous models. But that walk certainly wasn't her debut in the monde de la mode, as told by Karlie herself in her YouTube channel (I'll tell you about her YouTube channel later!), the first thirteen years of her life was completely normal, like any other girl in your neighborhood. She lived with her loving parents, and three gorgeous sisters, with names all starting wtih K! (Kardashians, please don't be shocked.) So, her life was going the way she planned, and everything seemed normal. Except her height.
In 2005, she was discovered. And before she knew it, her life got a little crazy. "I'd be in second period chemistry one day, and then walking in Paris' runways the next." she said in her first video. Since then, modelling became a major part of her life. The ever-so-lovely Miss Kloss stated that modelling made her very busy, but is not her sole focus. She STILL has time for her baking career, Karlie's Kookies, and she's been spending her time learning how to code these past months (Crazy, right? What CAN'T she do?), and to as the cherry on top, she just got into NYU. So to answer my own question earlier, this supergirl can do basically anything.
The question everybody's dying to ask all the famous models in the world: HOW DOES ONE STAY FIT AND IN SHAPE ALL. THE. TIME? In on of her Q&A videos, Karlie said that she always make time to workout every single day, even if it's just a ten minute run around the park. "Growing up, I played every sport in the book, basketball, soccer, swim team." said Karlie in her interview with Vogue. For frequent workouts, she meets New York City's most famous trainer whom Candice Swanepoel and Miranda Kerr also works out with, Justin Gelband, in his modelFIT studio. Like a jet-setter supermodel she is, working out is never a problem for Karlie, since she always has a set of resistance bands, a pair of ankle weights, and her Nike tennis shoes in her bag. That's it. "I like the idea that you don't need a ton of equipment, that working out can be as simple as using your own body weight and a water bottle." Karlie added in her interview with Vogue.
Another most asked question: HOW DOES ONE EAT TO STAY FIT AND IN SHAPE ALL. THE. TIME? Well, for Karlie, It's never how many calories she eats, it's how she eats them. She never count calories. She bases her meal plans asnd system of eating on seasonality, alkalinity, and food combining. "The last is probably most important, because it ensures proper digestion: With food combining, it's important not to mix proteins and carbohydrates in the same meal as it will impede proper digestion and cause bloating, gas, and constipation." She spoke like a true nutritionist to Elle. Next, meals should start light, and get heavier as the days goes on! "Begin your day with warm water and lemon followed by a juice or smoothie, which will boost alkalinity (as known as your body's best natural pH balance for cells to thrive), give you energy with raw living vitamins and minerals, and will hydrate you and prep you for the day ahead." She continued. Plus, a couple of organic dark chocolate wouldn't hurt. For more tips on eating healthy as told by Karlie, click here for the article. And don't worry, you can still have a bite of Karlie's Kookies! Just follow these easy steps from this recipe, then you'll understand how much of an amazing baker she is.
If you're still curious about Miss Kloss, I bet you'd love to watch her vlogs on her YouTube channel. "I spent the majority of my life in front of the camera, but not my camera. And that's where this is different." She said, holding up her pocket camera. "These are the things you didn't get to see before. Like the crazy stuff happened on set, and the thrilling moments before I step out on a runway. I could not wait to share my story and this adventure. With you." She said, closing her channel's trailer. And we can't possibly contain our excitement to #REBOOT Felice! Look out for more Karlie on our newest issue, both on our website and our Instagram!
You can find our posts about absolutely everything else, well besides fashion, beauty, and music, here- on our "Everything Else" page. From A-Z, by everything, we mean everything.
Canti Widyadhari
Chandler O'leary
Dylan Rieder
Janis Argeswara


The First Titans Trailer Is a Brutal Introduction to Another Very Dark DC Universe | Utter Buzz!
3D-printed space habitats earn $400K in prizes at NASA competition | Utter Buzz!
I would wager that fans know more about what Taika Waititi looks like than they do about most of the other blockbuster directors mentioned above.


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Program Development and Restoration
Saddle Up and Read at Mulino
Outstanding Alumna has Molalla Roots
Molalla River School District » News » Archived News » Outstanding Alumna has Molalla Roots
OREGON CITY - Our own, Shilo Wittrock-Laccino will be honored as the outstanding alum during Clackamas Community College's graduation ceremony. She is one of several students and community members who will be recognized for their achievements during graduation ceremonies on Thursday, June 12, and Friday, June 13.
Wittrock-Laccino was nominated for the award by her former instructors and attended CCC from 2004-2009. She finished her two-year degree at CCC as an honor student, while raising her two children and working.
From Clackamas, Wittrock-Laccino was accepted into the competitive bachelor of social work program at Portland State University. After graduating with her bachelor's, she was accepted into the Advance Standing program at PSU and completed her master's of social work in one year.
Her educational goals included bringing her professional skills back to her home community of Molalla. She is now working in the Molalla River School District as a social worker.
Graduation ceremonies begin both evenings at 7 p.m. in the Randall Gym. Tickets are not required, but seating in Randall Hall is limited, and doors will close when capacity is reached. Additional viewing will be available in the McLoughlin Auditorium and the Community Center Mall.
For more information, please see the graduation website at www.clackamas.edu/Graduation.


The Monday daytime session saw wheat prices in both Kansas City and Chicago go south, as did soybean contracts along with New York Cotton futures- with only Chicago corn showing any Monday strength by settlement time on Monday afternoon.
Juston Lewis offers his thoughts on the Monday trade and what may drive the overnight Tuesday trade.
And- Ron Hays offers an electronic trade update as of 8 PM central time on Monday evening, March 18.
Here this market overview with Justin and Ron by clicking on the LISTEN BAR below.
Justion Lewis offers market analysis and Ron Hays reports on Monday evening electronic ag futures trade.


My husband and I would randomly joke sometimes like, I bet these devices are listening to what we're saying and- Until recently, Danielle's home was completely wired up in every room with the Amazon Echo. Her family used the Alexa app to do everything from turn up the heat to turn off the lights. But Danielle told us via Skype that two weeks ago Narrator> Their love for Alexa. changed with an alarming phone call. Speaker one> The person on the other line said, "Unplug your Alexa devices right now." Narrator> That person was one of her husband's employees calling from Seattle. Speaker one> We go around and unplug them all. He proceeded to tell us that he had received Audio files, recordings from what was going on in our house. Danielle says her Amazon device in her Portland home recorded a private conversation and sent that recording to a random contact, which happened to be the employee in Seattle. At first my husband was like, no you didn't. And he's like, you sat there talking about hardwood floors. And were, gosh, you really did. Danielle listened to the conversation, and she couldn't believe someone 176 miles away heard it, too. I felt invaded, like, total privacy invasion. Immediately I'm like, I'm never plugging that device in again. I can't trust it. Danielle unplugged all the devices. It was one of these that sent it. And she repeatedly called Amazon. She says an Alexa engineer investigated. Our engineers went through all your logs. They saw exactly what you told us, exactly what you said happened. And we're sorry. We're sorry. He apologized like 15 times in a matter of 30 minutes, and said, we really appreciate you bringing this to our attention. Is this something we need to fix? And he did he tell you why it happened? He said that the device guess what we were saying. When we asked Amazon questions, they sent this response, Amazon takes privacy very seriously. We investigated what happened and determinied thi was an extremely rare occurrence. We are taking steps to avoid this from happening in the future. You know, husband and wifes when they're in the privacy of their home, they have conversations that they're not expecting to be sent to their address book. Gary Walker, Kiro 7 news.


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Isaac Titsingh
Illustration depicting the last European delegation to be received at the Qianlong Emperor's court in 1795 – Isaac Titsingh (seated European with hat, far left) and A.E. van Braam Houckgeest (seated European without hat)
Isaac Titsingh FRS (c. January 1745 in Amsterdam – 2 February 1812 in Paris) was a Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador.[1]
During a long career in East Asia, Titsingh was a senior official of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)). He represented the European trading company in exclusive official contact with Tokugawa Japan, traveling to Edo twice for audiences with the shōgun and other high bakufu officials. He was the Dutch and VOC governor general in Chinsura, Bengal. Titsingh worked with his counterpart, Charles Cornwallis, who was governor general of the British East India Company. In 1795, Titsingh represented Dutch and VOC interests in China, where his reception at the court of the Qing Qianlong Emperor stood in stark contrast to the rebuff suffered by Britain's ambassador George Macartney in 1793, just prior to celebrations of Qianlong's sixty-year reign. In China, Titsingh effectively functioned as ambassador for his country at the same time as he represented the Dutch East India Company as a trade representative.[1]
Dutchmen with Courtesans in Nagasaki c. 1800
Isaac Titsingh was born in Amsterdam, the son of Albertus Titsingh and his second wife, Catharina Bittner. His baptism took place at the Amstelkerk in Amsterdam on 21 January 1745.[2] His father was a successful and prominent Amsterdam surgeon. He thus possessed the means for Titsingh to be brought up with an 'enlightened education' of the 18th century. Titsingh became a member of the Amsterdam Chirurgijngilde (English: Barber surgeon's guild) and received the degree of a Doctorate of Law from Leiden University in January 1765.[3] In March 1764, Titsingh was appointed as a freeman and 1766 went within his employment to Batavia.[2]
Japan, 1779–1784Edit
Dejima and Nagasaki Bay, circa 1820. Two Dutch ships and numerous Chinese trading junks are depicted.
Titsingh was the commercial Opperhoofd or chief factor in Japan between 1779–1780, 1781–1783, and in 1784. The singular importance of the head of the VOC in Japan during this period was enhanced by the Japanese policy of sakoku—imposed isolation.[4] Because of religious proselytizing by Europeans during the 16th century, the Tokugawa shogunate introduced a policy in the early 17th century that no European or Japanese could enter or leave the Japanese archipelago on penalty of death. The sole exception to this "closed door" was the VOC "factory" (trading post) on the island of Dejima in Nagasaki Bay, on the southern Japanese island of Kyūshū. During this period of seclusion, Titsingh is believed to have been the first Freemason in Japan.[5]
In this highly controlled context, the traders became the sole official conduit for trade and for scientific-cultural exchanges between Europe and Japan. The VOC Opperhoofd was accorded the status of a tributary of the shōgun; Titsingh twice had to pay an obligatory annual visit of homage to the shōgun in Edo. Given the scarcity of such opportunities, Titsingh's informal contacts with bakufu officials and Rangaku scholars in Edo may have been as important as his formal audiences with the shōgun, Tokugawa Ieharu.[6]
During the 18th century there was an improvement of the social position of the Dutch merchants and the treatment of the Dutch vis-à-vis the Japanese, who showed a higher degree of respect and recognition than in the centuries before.[7] Nevertheless, the average Opperhoofd was not interested in the customs or culture of the Japanese. Titsingh showed an almost incredible interest and distinguished himself as an attentive observer of Japanese civilization for a European of his time when compared to his colleagues in Dejima.[8] Titsingh arrived in Nagasaki on 15 August 1779, where he took over the factory from Arend Willem Feith. He established cordial and amicable relations between the interpreters and Japanese; before his arrival there had been constant fights over trade issues and a deep hostility towards the Japanese interpreter, who seemed in trade issues corrupt to the Dutch traders. During his first audience with Ieharu in Edo from 25 March 1780 until 5 April 1780, he met a lot of Japanese nobles with whom he later established vivid letter correspondence. He became incredibly prominent within the elite society of Edo and became friends with several daimyōs and retired daimyōs of the area.[9] After a short return to Batavia in 1780, Titsingh returned to Nagasaki on 12 August 1781, due to his successes with the Dutch-Japanese trade in Dejima.[10] There were no Dutch shipments from Batavia in 1782 due to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and thus the trading post in Dejima was cut off from communication with Java during this year. In this year Titsingh stayed in his position as Opperhoofd and concerned himself with befriending Japanese scholars, deepening relations with Japanese friends and researching on all scopes of Japanese customs and culture. He also achieved, due to the absence of Dutch shipping that year, important trade talks and great concessions with the Japanese on a long-debated increase to copper exports from Japan to the Dutch traders.[11] Titsingh stayed a total of three years and eight months in Japan before finally leaving Nagasaki at the end of November 1784 to return to Batavia, where he arrived on 3 January 1785.[12]
India, 1785–1792Edit
In 1785, Titsingh was appointed director of the trading post at Chinsurah in Bengal. Titsingh was described by William Jones, the philologist and Bengal jurist, as "the Mandarin of Chinsura".[13]
Batavia, 1792–1793Edit
Titsingh's return to Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) led to new positions as Ontvanger-Generaal (Treasurer) and later as Commissaris ter Zee (Maritime Commissioner).
While at Batavia, he met with Lord Macartney who was en route to China. Titsingh's comments were important factors in McCartney's decision to abandon a planned expedition to Japan in 1793. Mccartney's report to London explained:
"... the expediency of attempting an intercourse with the Japanese subsists in its full force. Tho from the conversations I had at Batavia with a Dutch Gentleman of a very liberal disposition who was several years resident in Japan, Isaac Titsingh, I collected nothing that could induce me to depend on a favorable reception there, I learned nothing to deter me from the trial. The risk would, at least, be personal, as we have hitherto there no trade to lose. And no moment, if any, could be so propitious for opening up a new trade with them , as when, from the present general confusion of affairs of the Dutch East India Company, their connection with the Japanese is greatly on the decline."[14]
China, 1794–1795Edit
Titsingh was appointed Dutch ambassador to the court of the Emperor of China for the celebrations of the sixtieth anniversary of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. In Peking (now Beijing), the Titsingh delegation included Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest[15] and Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de Guignes,[16] whose complementary accounts of this embassy to the Chinese court were published in the US and Europe.
Titsingh's gruelling, mid-winter trek from Canton (now Guangzhou) to Peking allowed him to see parts of inland China which had never before been accessible to Europeans. His party arrived in Peking in time for New Year's celebrations. By Chinese standards, Titsingh and his delegation were received with uncommon respect and honors in the Forbidden City, and later in the Yuanmingyuan (the Old Summer Palace).[17] Unlike the unsuccessful British embassy of the previous year under Lord George Macartney, Titsingh made every effort to conform with the demands of the complex Imperial court etiquette – including kowtowing to the Emperor.
Neither the Chinese nor the Europeans could have known that this would be the last appearance by any European ambassador at the Imperial court until after the First and Second Opium Wars of the next century. Titsingh is believed to have been the first Freemason in China,[18] and the only to be received at the court of the Qianlong Emperor.
Return to Europe, 1796–1812Edit
Japanese acupuncture mannequin from the Titsingh estate. Musée d'histoire de la médecine, Paris
On 1 March, 1796 the Dutch East India Company, already in decline, was nationalized by the new Batavian Republic.[19] In that year, Titsingh returned to Europe. For some time he lived in Britain, at London and Bath, and was a member of the Royal Society. In 1801 he went back to Amsterdam, and thence to Paris, where he lived until his death.[20]
Titsingh died in Paris on 2 February 1812, and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery. His gravestone reads: "Ici repose Isaac Titsingh. Ancien conseiller des Indes hollandaises. Ambassadeur à la Chine et au Japon. Mort à Paris le 2 février 1812, agé de 68 ans." [Here lies Isaac Titsingh, formerly a councillor of the Dutch East India Company, Ambassador to China and to Japan. Died at Paris the 2nd of February 1812, aged 68 years.][21]
FamilyEdit
Titsingh had a son, Willem, born about 1790 of Titsingh's Bengali mistress. He took his son to Europe in 1800 so that he could be recognised as legitimate. When Titsingh moved to Paris, Willem went with him and attended the French Maritime Academy, graduating in 1810.[22]
Library and CollectionsEdit
Titsingh's library and his collection of art, cultural and scientific material was dispersed; and some entered the collections of the French state. Among the Japanese books brought to Europe by Titsingh, was a copy of Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (三国通覧図説, An Illustrated Description of Three Countries) by Hayashi Shihei (1738–93). This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, deals with Chosen (now Korea), the Ryukyu Kingdom (now Okinawa), and Ezo ( now Hokkaido).[23] In Paris, the text represented the first appearance of Korean han'gŭl in Europe.[24] After Titsingh's death, the printed original and Titsingh's translation were purchased by Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat (1788–1832) at the Collège de France.[25] After Rémusat's death, Julius Klaproth (1783–1835) at the Institut Royal in Paris was free in 1832 to publish his edited version of Titsingh's translation.[26]
Isaac Titsingh can be described as being the only philosophique employed by the VOC in its almost two hundred years existence and the most sophisticated of all VOC employees in the trading post history of the VOC in Japan (1600–1853). Due to his extensive private correspondence on religious as well as human topics and his endeavours in the exchanges between the outside world and his own, he can be considered as a true philosopher of the 18th century.[27] Compared to the other VOC employees he was a polyglot, who spoke eight languages (Dutch, Latin, French, English, German, Portuguese, Japanese and Chinese). His enthusiasm to introduce the European society to Japanese customs and culture was rooted in his overall passion for Japan and everything Japanese. Therefore, he became a prominent figure, transmitter and interpreter in a two-way cultural, learning and knowledge exchange between the Japanese and the Europeans. For example, he imported Dutch books on European knowledge to Japan. In addition, he collected authentic source materials on Japan, which consisted of the first ever European collection on Japan, entailing printed books, manuscripts, prints, maps, city plans and coins. This collection was thus to form the basis of a then unique history of Japan. This Cabinet Titsingh, consisted hence of two-dimensional materials. Isaac Titsingh can as a result be seen as the founder of European Japonology.[28] Within this scope and his ambitions for a friendly exchange of knowledge, he urged the VOC officials to send learned employees, who could speak Japanese to the trading post in Deshima, to better the European-Japanese relations in Dejima, which can be found in his letter of 28 August 1785.[29]
Titsingh had also translated as one of the first Europeans Japanese verses into Latin verses, which can be found together with an essay on Japanese poetry in his collection work on Japanese customs and culture in Bijzonderheden over Japan/Illustrations of Japan.[30]
Due to his position as a "voyageur philosophique",[31] Titsingh had been a member of the following societies: the Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, the Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, located in Haarlem, the Asiatic Society of Bengal located in Calcutta and the Royal Society of London.[32]
His posthumous work and legacy, especially his collections were to some extent blurred later as he was unable to find Japanese or Chinese translators and scholars in Europe that could help him with the translation of his gathered sources. As his own knowledge of the Sino-Japanese written characters was limited he could only edit the translations of the Japanese accounts that were already prepared by himself and others in Dejima during his stay abroad. The majority of his work thus was published posthumously and consisted of only small parts of his broader overall work. Moreover, some parts were altered and modified to a great extent by his editors and publishers. This was due to the fact that after the bankruptcy of Titsingh's son Willem Titsingh sold the collections and manuscripts, which then were spread all over 19th century Europe.[33]
Titsingh's experiences and scholarly research were the genesis for published articles and books. The Batavian Academy of Arts and Sciences (Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen) published seven of Titsingh's articles about Japan.[34]
His accounts of brewing sake[35] and soy sauce[36] production in Japan were the earliest to be published in a Western language. His work was more widely disseminated throughout Europe by the beginning of the 19th century.[37]
Titsingh's published compilation of a preliminary Japanese lexicon [38] was only the early evidence of a project which continued for the rest of his life.
On Isaac Titsingh's values and perceptionsEdit
Titsingh was very keen on having his scholarly questions answered and showed an enormous inexhaustible thirst for knowledge.[39] Looking at his private correspondence three mottos of his behaviour and values can be identified: the rejection of money, as it did not satisfy his enormous thirst of knowledge; an acknowledgment and consciousness of the brevity of life and wasting this precious time not with featureless activities; and his desire to die in calmness, as a "forgotten citizen of the world".[40] In this light he displayed the values of a European philosopher of the 18th century, who was as well interested in his fellow Japanese scholars. Therefore, he also acknowledged their intellectual competences and sophistication and contributed to an intense exchange of cultural knowledge between Japan and Europe in the 18th century.[30][41]
Titsingh's text attempts to present the Japanese in the context of their own narratives. This title page is from the 1822 English version of the French original which was published two years earlier.
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Seki Takakau, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 90+ works in 150+ publications in 7 languages and 1,600+ library holdings.[42]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
• 1781 – "Bereiding van saké en soya", in Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Transactions of the Batavian society of arts and sciences), Vol. III, Batavia.[43]
• 1814 – "Ieso-Ki, ou Description d'Yeso, par Arai-Tsi-kogo-no-Kami, Instituteur du Ziogoen (empereur militaire) Tsoena-Josi, écrite en 1720. Ieso-Ki ou Description d'Yeso, avec l'histoire de la révolte de Sam-say-In, par Kannamon, interprète japonais, écrite en 1752. Notice de deux cartes japonais, manuscrites, communiquées par M. Titsingh," in Annales des voyages, Vol. XXIV, Paris.[44]
• 1819 – Cérémonies usitées au Japon pour les mariages et les funérailles (Ceremonies Performed at Marriages and Funerals in Japan).[1] Paris: Nepveu. [1] OCLC 185485254.[43]
• 1820 – Mémoires et anecdotes sur la dynastie régnante des djogouns, souverains du Japon (Memories of and Anecdotes about the Reigning Dynasty of Shoguns, Sovereigns of Japan),[1] avec la description des fêtes et cérémonies observées aux différentes époques de l'année à la cour de ces princes, et un appendice contenant des détails sur la poésie des Japonais, leur manière de diviser l'année, etc.; Ouvrage orné de Planches gravées et coloriées, tiré des Originaux Japonais par M. Titsingh; publié avec des notes et éclaircissemens Par M. Abel Rémusat. Paris: Nepveu. OCLC 255146140.[43]
• 1822 – Illustrations of Japan; consisting of Private Memoirs and Anecdotes of the reigning dynasty of The Djogouns, or Sovereigns of Japan; a description of the Feasts and Ceremonies observed throughout the year at their Court; and of the Ceremonies customary at Marriages and Funerals: to which are subjoined, observations on the legal suicide of the Japanese, remarks on their poetry, an explanation of their mode of reckoning time, particulars respecting the Dosia powder, the preface of a work by Confoutzee on filial piety, &c. &c. by M. Titsingh formerly Chief Agent to the Dutch East India Company at Nangasaki. Translated from the French, by Frederic Shoberl with coloured plates, faithfully copied from Japanese original designs. London: R. Ackermann. OCLC 5911523.[43]
Element of a wedding ceremony
• 1824 – Bijzonderheden over Japan: behelzende een verslag van de huwelijks plegtigheden, begrafenissen en feesten der Japanezen, de gedenkschriften der laatste Japansche Keizers en andere merkwaardigheden nepens dat Ryk. Uit het Engelsch, met gekleurde platen naar Japansche originelen. S Gravenhage: De Wed. J. Allart. OCLC 7472268.[43]
• 1834 – [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, (1652)] Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (Nipon o daï itsi ran); ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437.[43]
An'ei – Japanese era names
Kuze Hirotami
Kutsuki Masatsuna
Foreign relations of imperial China
Royal Society – Issak Titsingh was elected to membership in the Society in 1797; and his nomination letter has been posted with other membership records at the Royal Society web site. here. Those signing that nomination letter were: William Marsden, Henry Cavendish, Alexander Dalrymple, Joseph Correa de Serra, Maxwell Garthshore, William Larkins, John Lloyd, Henry Crathorne, Charles Wilkins.
Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest – map of overland journey from Canton to Pekin
^ a b c d Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Isaak Titsingh" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 966, p. 966, at Google Books.
^ a b Boxer, C.R. (1950). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 135.
^ Lequin, Frank. "Isaac Titsingh's Private Correspondence (1783–1812) as the reflection of an enlightend 'voyageur philosophique'". 東京大学史料編纂所研究紀要 / 東京大学史料編纂所 編. 17 (3): 2.
^ Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog. (2000). A Very Unique Collection of Historical Significance: The Kapitan (the Dutch Chief) Collection from the Edo Period – The Dutch Fascination with Japan, p. 207.
^ Far East Lodge No. 1, "A Brief History of Freemasonry in Japan"; excerpt, Titsingh "is believed to be the first mason to visit Japan" in 1779
^ Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog, p. 210.
^ Boxer, C.R. (1950). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 138.
^ Boxer, C. R (1950). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 140.
^ Boxer, C. R. (1950). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. p. 143.
^ Jones, William. (1835). Memoirs of the life, writings and correspondence of Sir William Jones, by Lord Teignmouth. London.
^ Macartney to Dundas, 23 December 1793, British Library, India and Oriental, Factory Records, China, 1084 G/12/20.
^ van Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus. (1797). Voyage de l'ambassade de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales hollandaises vers l'empereur de la Chine, dans les années 1794 et 1795; see also 1798 English translation: An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1974 and 1795, Vol. I.
^ de Guignes, Chrétien-Louis-Joseph (1808). Voyage a Pékin, Manille et l'Île de France.
^ van Braam, An authentic account..., Vol. I (1798 English edition) pp. 283–284.
^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 58: excerpt, "Titsingh became the first Freemason ever to set foot in China" in 1794–1795.
^ TANAP, The end of the VOC
^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, pp. 61–62
Media related to Grave of Titsingh (Père-Lachaise, division 39) at Wikimedia Commons
^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, pp. 56, 62
^ Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 137.
^ Vos, Ken. "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1", Archived 22 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine p. 6.
^ Kublin, Hyman. "The Discovery of the Bonin Islands: A Reexamination," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 43, Issue 1 (March 1, 1953). p. 35.
^ Pouillon, François. (2008). Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française, p. 542.
^ Lequin, Frank (2007). "Isaac Titsingh's Private Correspondence (1783–1812) as the Reflection of an Enlightened 'Voyageur Philosophique'". 東京大学史料編纂所研究紀要 / 東京大学史料編纂所 編. 17 (3): 2.
^ Lequin, Frank (2007). "Isaac Titsingh's Private Correspondence (1783–1812) as the Reflection of an Enlightened 'Voyageur Philosophique'". 東京大学史料編纂所研究紀要 / 東京大学史料編纂所 編. 17 (3): 3–5.
^ Lequin, Frank. "Isaac Titsingh's Private Correspondence (1783–1812) as the Reflection of an Enlightened 'Voyageur Philosophique'". 東京大学史料編纂所研究紀要 / 東京大学史料編纂所 編. 17 (3): 2.
^ Boxer, C. R. (1950). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 168–169.
^ viaLibri: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen: Verhandelingen (Batavian Academy of Arts and Sciences: Transactions). Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1781). "Bereiding van de Sacki" ("Producing Sake"), Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap (Transactions of the Batabian Academy), Vol. III. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9752305 9752305]
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1781). "Bereiding van de Soya" ("Producing Soy Sauce"), Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap (Transactions of the Batavian Academy), Vol. III. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9752305 9752305]
^ Morewood, Samuel. (1824). An Essay on the Inventions and Customs of Both Ancients and Moderns in the Use of Inebriating Liquors, p. 136.
^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1781). "Eenige Japansche Woorden" ("Some Japanese Words"), Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap (Transactions of the Batabian Academy), Vol. III. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9752305 9752305]
^ WorldCat Identities Archived 30 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine: Titsingh, Isaac 1744–1812
^ a b c d e f Boxer, Charles Ralph. (1936). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850: an essay on the cultural, artistic and scientific influence exercised by the Hollanders in Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, p. 172.
^ Boxer, p. 172; Malte-Brun, Conrad et al. (1853). Géographie universelle, p. 209.
Association of American Geographers. (1911). Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. I.
Boxer, Charles Ralph. (2013; originally published 1936). Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600–1850: an essay on the cultural, artistic and scientific influence exercised by the Hollanders in Japan from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/221034415 221034415]
Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1937). "The Last Dutch Embassy to the Chinese Court (1794–1795)." T'oung Pao 33:1–137.
Edo-Tokyo Museum exhibition catalog. (2000). A Very Unique Collection of Historical Significance: The Kapitan (the Dutch Chief) Collection from the Edo Period—The Dutch Fascination with Japan. Catalog of "400th Anniversary Exhibition Regarding Relations between Japan and the Netherlands," a joint-project of the Edo-Tokyo Museum, the City of Nagasaki, the National Museum of Ethnology, the National Natuurhistorisch Museum and the National Herbarium of the Netherlands in Leiden, the Netherlands. Tokyo.
de Guignes, Chrétien-Louis-Joseph. (1808). Voyage a Pékin, Manille et l'Ile de France. Paris.
Jones, William. (1835). Memoirs of the life, writings and correspondence of Sir William Jones, by Lord Teignmouth. London.
Lequin, F. (2007). International Research Symposium on Foreign Historical Documents Relating to Japan: Titsingh and Sebold. "Isaac Titsingh's Private Correspondence (1783–1812) as the Reflection of an Enlightened 'Voyageur Philosophique'", 東京大学史料編纂所研究紀要 / 東京大学史料編纂所 編, 17, pp. 1–22.
‹See Tfd›(in English) Lequin, F. (2013). Varia Titsinghiana. Addenda & corrigenda. Leiden. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 6) ISBN 978-90-820366-0-2
‹See Tfd›(in Dutch) _____. (2011) Isaac Titsingh, opperhoofd van Japan. Drie geschriften als filosoof, diplomaat & koopman. Alphen aan den Rijn. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 5) ISBN 978-90-6469-858-3
‹See Tfd›(in French) _____. (2009) De particuliere correspondentie van Isaac Titsingh (1783–1812). Alphen aan den Rijn. 2 vols. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 4) ISBN 978-90-6469-846-0
‹See Tfd›(in Dutch) _____. (2005) Isaac Titsingh in China (1794–1796). Alphen aan den Rijn. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 3) ISBN 90-6469-809-0
‹See Tfd›(in English) _____. (2003) À la recherche du Cabinet Titsingh. Its history, contents and dispersal. Catalogue raisonné of the collection of the founder of European Japanology. Alphen aan den Rijn. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 2) ISBN 90-6469-794-9
‹See Tfd›(in Dutch) _____. (2002). Isaac Titsingh (1745–1812). Een passie voor Japan, leven en werk van de grondlegger van de Europese Japanologie. Leiden. (Titsingh Studies, vol. 1) ISBN 90-6469-771-X
‹See Tfd›(in English) _____. (1990–92). The Private Correspondence of Isaac Titsingh. Amsterdam. (Japonica Neerlandica, vol. 4–5). 2 vols. ISBN 978-90-5063-052-8 (volume 1) ISBN 978-90-5063-057-3 (volume 2)
Malte-Brun, Conrad, Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun and Jean-Jacques-Nicolas Huot. (1853). Géographie universelle; ou description de toutes les parties du monde sur un plan nouveau, d'après les grandes divisions naturelles du globe; précédée de l'histoire de la géographie chez les peuples anciens et modernes, et d'une théorie générale de la géographie mathématique, physique et politique. Paris: Garnier Frères. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13471017 13471017]
Morewood, Samuel. (1824). An Essay on the Inventions and Customs of Both Ancients and Moderns in the Use of Inebriating Liquors: Interspersed with Interesting Anecdotes, Illustrative of the Manners and Habits of the Principal Nations of the World, with an Historical View of the Extent and Practice of Distillation. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/213677222 213677222].
Nederland's Patriciaat, Vol. 13 (1923). Den Haag.
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128 58053128]
O'Neil, Patricia O. (1995). Missed Opportunities: Late 18th Century Chinese Relations with England and the Netherlands. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington).
Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question I," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Apr., 1897), pp. 427–442.
Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question II," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Jul., 1897), pp. 627–643.
Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-415-54671-3 (paperback); ISBN 978-0-7007-1720-0 (hardback); ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8 (electronic)
van Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus. (1797). Voyage de l'ambassade de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales hollandaises vers l'empereur de la Chine, dans les années 1794 et 1795. Philadelphia: M.L.E. Moreau de Saint-Méry.
_______________. (1798). An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1974 and 1795, Vol. I. London : R. Phillips.
‹See Tfd›(in Dutch) Titsingh Institut, Leiden
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isaac Titsingh.
Arend Willem Feith VOC Opperhoofd of
Dejima
Hendrik Casper Romberg
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On Monday, March 21, WilmerHale lawyers Martin Braun, Jonathan Cedarbaum, Mark Flanagan, Alan Schoenfeld and Reed Freeman gave a seminar on privacy and data security civil litigation issues in WilmerHale's Palo Alto office. On the data security side, the team covered issues associated with standing, class certification, and claims and defenses in recent cases. On the privacy side, the team covered privacy concerns and litigation issues related to the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Wiretap Act and similar State Claims, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and the Video Privacy Protection Act. Martin Braun of our Frankfurt and Brussels offices also addressed privacy and data security litigation in Europe.
The full presentation deck is available.


text:
Arizona Becomes First State to Recognize Others' Occupational Licenses Without Requiring Reciprocity
Arizona will become the first state recognize most professional licenses granted in the other 49 states, under a new law that becomes effective at the end of August.
With a few exceptions, boards will grant occupational licenses to anyone moving to Arizona with an unblemished license from another state. The law is not limited to states with which Arizona has reciprocity agreements in which one state recognizes another state's licenses.
The new law covers a wide array of professions, including health care, dentistry, construction, real estate, cosmetology, teaching, accounting, engineering, and embalming. It makes exceptions for lawyers—who will still have to pass the state bar exam—security guards, and private investigators.
Under the statute, Arizona's licensing boards are only allowed to scrutinize out-of-state licenses that involve professional qualifications specific to Arizona law. A person relocating to Arizona with an out-of-state license must have held that license for at least one year to qualify for recognition.
The new law will remove barriers to employment for about 100,000 people who are expected to move to Arizona in 2019, said Gov. Doug Ducey in a press release. State Rep. Warren Petersen was the primary sponsor of H.B. 2569, which Ducey signed into law on April 10.
Not a 'Silver Bullet'
The Arizona law is welcome, but further reform is needed, says Paul Avelar, managing attorney for the Institute for Justice's Arizona office.
"License recognition is a reform that other states should also adopt, but it's not a silver bullet," Avelar said.
"Arizona's reform does not help workers who move from states where their job didn't require a license but Arizona does, nor does it address the thicket of red tape for Arizonans who have to get a license," Avelar said.
Big Increase in Licensing
The share of workers forced to obtain a license to do their job has soared from about one in 20 to one in four over the past 60 years, states an IJ report, License to Work (second edition), published in 2017.
"Continuing to license too many occupations means workers and consumers across the country are still unnecessarily burdened," Avelar said.
Dismantling occupational barriers across state lines would benefit the nation's workforce, says Gary Wolfram, William Simon Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Hillsdale College and a policy advisor to The Heartland Institute, which publishes Budget & Tax News.
"Arizona is to be congratulated for taking the first step toward reducing the government impediments to individuals seeking employment," Wolfram said.
"Hopefully, other states will follow and Americans will be able to move across state lines and not lose their ability to maintain and expand their profession." Wolfram said.
Bonner R. Cohen, Ph.D. ([email protected]) is a senior fellow at the National Center for Public Policy Research.
Official Connections
Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey: https://azgovernor.gov/
Arizona state Rep. Warren Petersen (R-Gilbert): [email protected]
Dick M. Carpenter II, Lisa Knepper, Kyle Sweetland, and Jennifer McDonald, License to Work, A National Study of Burdens from Licensing, 2nd edition, Institute for Justice, November 3, 2017: https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/institute-for-justice-license-to-work-2nd-edition-2017
The FTX Collapse
Wyoming Legislators Should Avoid Minimum Wage Hikes in 2023


text:
"Beauty of Harmony – Picturesque Zhejiang 2022" -Inauguration event Zhejiang Culture and Tourism European office
The event "Beauty of Harmony – Picturesque Zhejiang 2022" was presented as part of inauguration of the European office of Zhejiang Culture and Tourism department. Opening seminar featured keynote address by H.E. Erik Solheim, former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), H.E. Mr. Cao Zhongming, Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Belgium, Ambassador (ret.) Piet Steel, Chairman of the Europe-Asia Center, Mr. Chu Ziyu, Director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, and prof. Greg Richards, a leading expert in the field of cultural and creative tourism.
Matic Gajšek, Deputy Director of the Europe – Asia Center
Guests were welcomed by Matic Gajšek, Deputy Director of the Europe – Asia Center, who announced the official opening of Zhejiang Culture and Tourism European office. He emphasized the opportunities Zhejiang's cultural and tourism offer poses for strengthening economic and cultural exchange between China and Europe in the post-epidemic era.
Ambassador (ret.) Piet Steel
In the opening address, Ambassador (ret.) Piet Steel delivered a keynote speech in which he emphasized the important impact of tourism on revitalizing the economy, especially in the light of the global epidemic of the Covid-19. Moreover, the Zhejiang cultural tourism event means that China's cultural industries, institutions, new platforms and organizational networks can build friendly bridges between China and Europe.
H.E. Ambassador Cao Zhongming
As a first guest keynote, H.E. Ambassador Cao Zhongming spoke about the significant impact of Zhejiang's cultural tourism on China-Europe relations and welcomed the audience to experience Zhejiang. He emphasized the contribution Culture and Tourism Promotion Center in Europe will make for cultural and tourism collaboration, and most importantly promote mutual understanding between Zhejiang and Europe.
His excellency Erik Solheim
His excellency Erik Solheim introduced his rich personal experiences with Zhejiang and numerous visits to Hangzhou, which has been profoundly shaped with heritage of Song Yun culture. He shared several examples of environmental leadership, including the highest UN Environmental Award that has been awarded to the province for their significant work in protecting the natural ecosystems. He emphasized the need for stronger exchange and international collaboration in culture and tourism, in light of the post-pandemic recovery and sustainable growth.
prof. Greg Richards
As the expert contributor to this high-level event, prof. Greg Richards, who is the leading international authority in Cultural and Creative Tourism research, highlighted the progress and increasing significance of cultural tourism throughout the past decade. The new paradigm of cultural tourism, characterized by a shift from passive sightseeing to active living tourism, is offering both new opportunities and re-defining cultural consumption patterns. Hangzhou's experience illustrates how cities are building cultural and creative centers based on their cultural heritage and broadening the prospects for tourism.
The "Picturesque Zhejiang 2022: Culture and Tourism Promotion Center in Europe" was established by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism and the Europe-Asia Center, which represents a new stage and level of economic and cultural exchange and cooperation between Europe and China. The establishment and development of "Picturesque Zhejiang 2022: Culture and Tourism Promotion Center in Europe" will carry out targeted research and survey on the European tourism market as well as develop and promotion of corresponding tourism products.
Coronation Street spoilers: Summer Spellman's secret is exposed as Amy Barlow makes shock discovery


Tool to get file and line using the css rule. When debugging css is difficult to get the css query and find in scss file. With this tool you will find easy.
Search files the easy way.
Filter stdin lines by a Regular Expression and output to stdout.
A simple utility to quickly find text in one or more files.
Search dependents of a node module.


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Now, it becomes easy to search the Dollar Tree near me because if you are looking for the way to Dollar tree then, we love to help you in your search.
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Dollar Tree, Inc. is an American Chain and popular for the discount variety stores in the U.S. States and Canada that sell items for $1 or more. In 2000, Dollar Company starts its business with acquiring dollar express which was a Philadelphia-based company. In 2004, Dollar starts its first store in North Dakota.
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text:
Berdjuschje () ist ein Dorf (selo) in der Oblast Tjumen in Russland mit  Einwohnern (Stand ).

Geographie
Der Ort liegt etwa 230 km Luftlinie südöstlich des Oblastverwaltungszentrums Tjumen im Westsibirischen Tiefland. Er befindet sich an den zwei Seen Bolschoje Berdjuschje (Großer Berdjuschje) und Maloje Berdjuschje (Kleiner Berdjuschje).

Berdjuschje ist Verwaltungszentrum des Rajons Berdjuschski sowie Sitz der Landgemeinde Berdjuschskoje selskoje posselenije, zu der außerdem die Dörfer Gagarina (5 km westlich), Glubokoje (10 km südöstlich) und Tschesnoki (10 km östlich) gehören.

Geschichte
In der Gegend des heutigen Dorfes siedelten sich Russen aus der Region um Perm ab dem 17. Jahrhundert an. Das Dorf Berdjuschje, anfangs auch als Berdjuschja (sloboda) bezeichnet, wurde erstmals 1758 erwähnt. Im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelte es sich zu einem regional bedeutsamen Handelsplatz und wurde Sitz einer Wolost. Seit November 1923 ist Berdjuschje Verwaltungssitz eines nach ihm benannten Rajons.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Anmerkung: Volkszählungsdaten

Verkehr
Südöstlich an Berdjuschje vorbei verläuft die Regionalstraße, die von Makuschino in der benachbarten Oblast Kurgan über Tschastooserje kommend weiter nach Ischim führt. Sie ist als Querverbindung zwischen der R254 Irtysch Tscheljabinsk – Nowosibirsk und der R402 Tjumen – Omsk Teil der Umgehung des kasachischen Territoriums im Verlauf der R254 sowie Teil der Europastraße 30. Von Berdjuschje in nördlicher Richtung verläuft die 71N-401 nach Golyschmanowo an der R402, sowie zunächst nach Westen in das benachbarte Rajonzentrum Armisonskoje die 71N-405 (weiter nach Omutinskoje, ebenfalls an der R402).

Im etwa 70 km entfernten Golyschmanowo befindet sich an der Transsibirischen Eisenbahn die nächstgelegene Bahnstation.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Webpräsenz der Rajonverwaltung (russisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Oblast Tjumen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
GSoC 2016 Ideas {#idea_list_gsoc2016}
====
[TOC]

Google Summer of Code 2016 - Ideas  {#idea_list_gsoc20161}
====

**We are in!**

We are selected in Google Summer of Code 2016 as a mentoring organization! This is our page in the GSoC site. The project ideas are discussed in this page. Note that *we changed the descriptions of the project ideas slightly* from the time of our application.

Student participating should already have some idea of the detection framework of the library. The best way to get started is to follow some examples and demos after going through \ref getting_started guide.

Application should go through the mentors for few iterations. Post the application at https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/opendetection **as well as the respective mentors.** The mentors can decide to take the topic offline and discuss with the applicant with more depth based on the applicant's expertise.

##Basic principles {#idea_list_gsoc201611}
The main philosophy of this library is to provide user detection/recognition algorithms in a **common, intuitive and user-friendly APIs** (perhaps we want to build up a structure similar to VTK for object detection algorithms). This is the only reason we have this separate library. Therefore, please go through the existing classes to understand the framework before your application.

 Thus, all the algorithms/methods you propose in your application have to extend the previous interfaces which will abstract all the implementation details from the user, and at the same time provide users the ability to configure with parameters. In other words, we don't want one of the many demo applications of detection algorithms. We want the detection algorithms under the existing APIs (Trainers and Detectors). This should be the main focus of the contribution.

If you think that some of our APIs and framework interfaces are not optimal (in terms of usability and speed or any other reason) and have some suggestions for the improvement, please provide them in your application (specifically in Project Idea 2) as well.

##Project Idea summary {#idea_list_gsoc20162}
Following are the list of ideas we will focus for this time in decreasing order of priority.

###1. CNN based algorithms in OpenDetection {#idea_list_gsoc20163}

**Key tasks**:
* Make a short report of the popular and state-of-the-art detection/recognition techniques (to let us know that you have the proficiency in this area)
* Add CNN based algorithms in the library with OpenDetection Compatible APIs in the following order: -
* Implement OD interface for training and testing (under od::ODTrainer s) neural network architectures with convolutional layer and possible recurrent layers using Caffe.
* Implement interface for forward phase of object detection (under od::ODDetector s or one of its subclasses) on some pre-trained caffe models (or trained models from the previous step) based on architectures which have been used for object detection.
* Implement train/test data preparation/region extraction and other preprocessing steps (maybe in a separate module).
* Implement any other state-of-the-art detection architectures which uses CNNs.

**Prerequisites**:

* We are expecting a Master student/PhD student in Machine Learning/Computer Vision for this project. If not, you should have a good knowledge in neural networks and experience in training and testing different types of neural networks/CNNs.
* Knowledge of Caffe.
* High command in C++.

**Mentors**: Kripasindhu Sarkar, Aditya Tewari

###2. Framework design and library maintenance {#idea_list_gsoc20164}

This is one of the important project and have a very strong influence to the future of the library.

**Key tasks**:
 * Improve the existing OpenDetection framework in terms of usability.
 * Adding more helper functions/classes to improve the library
    - Some wrappers for visualization - right now we directly use opencv functions and pcl visualizers
    - Other changes
 * Preparing ProjectConfig.cmake file to make the library usable by other projects.
 * Verifying and fixing cross platform compilation.
 * Package creation for different platforms.
 * Reduce dependencies of the library to minimum.
 * General maintenance

**Prerequisites**:
* Good knowledge of Software Engineering principles.
* High command in C++ and **CMake** (Good knowledge of CMake is very important).
* Knowledge of OpenCV/PCL.
* It will be nice if you have already maintained/managed a C++ library before. If not, you should have experience coding in different platforms (at least have knowledge in build toolchains in windows and linux).

**Mentors**: Marco A. Gutiérrez, Kripasindhu Sarkar

###3. Integration of some other popular detection algorithms in OpenDetection {#idea_list_gsoc20165}

**Key tasks**:
* This is an open idea. We always would like to integrate **state-of-the-art** algorithms in our framework. It would be easy to port an available C++ code in this framework instead of implementing an idea/paper from scratch. So, we expect you to *do some literature review and report different algorithms* with their availability and the ones you would like to add. Please note that, just because the implementation of some algorithm is available online does not mean that it is the state-of-the-art or one of the popular algorithms.
* Implement/port the identified detection algorithms under od::ODDetector2D/od::ODDetector3D and the respective *Trainer* s.

**Prerequisites**: Expertise in Computer Vision and C++.

**Mentors**: Kripasindhu Sarkar, Marco A. Gutiérrez

##Mentors:

    Kripasindhu Sarkar
    PhD Student, Augmented Vision Group,
    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern
    kripasindhu.sarkar@dfki.de

    Aditya Tewari
    PhD Student, Augmented Vision Group,
    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern
    aditya.tewari@dfki.de

    Marco A. Gutiérrez
    PhD Student, RoboLab,
    University of Extremadura
    marcog@unex.es

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Kohia mai ngā taurangi tairite o te kīanga nei.
He aha ngā taurangi i roto i te kīanga?
Tirohia mēnā e taea ana te kīanga te whakarūnā?