HIKING IS A GREAT WAY TO VISIT A COUNTRY AND SEE THE NATURAL WORLD TOPSIDE.
As much as you'd like to, you can't dive all day. So what can you do with your time when you're traveling and not diving? Hiking is a great way to visit a country, see the natural world topside, strengthen your muscles, and improve your intrinsic motivation.
This quote may sound cliché but any hiker can attest to its validity. You're fighting with yourself as much as the terrain but showing up prepared can make it an easy victory. Let's take a look at some of the best ways to train yourself for an upcoming hike so you can conquer the mountain and bask in the view from the top.
Whether you're climbing a few hills or a monster of a mountain, the first thing to change would be your cardio workout. It's time to trade your hour-long treadmill workout for something more intense yet shorter in duration: a HIIT workout.
High-intensity interval training workouts have been shown to be highly effective at improving athletic performance, increasing strength, and burning fat. In one study, researchers found that HIIT workouts significantly improved oxygen uptake and utilization, power output, and overall time-based performance.
Need a new and intense cardio workout? Check out my article on the importance of cardio workouts, which includes a free HIIT program. You can also jump right into the HIIT workout video.
Cardio is only half the equation; you'll also want to incorporate resistance training into your weekly workouts to get you ready for a hike.
Weight training can support muscular endurance as well as total body strength. Most importantly, a consistent and comprehensive weight-training program can correct over-compensation issues and help you avoid injury while you're on the mountain.
I'd recommend either a full-body or split (upper vs. lower body) training program that focuses on the eccentric (or lowering) portion of a lift. Eccentric-based weight training has been shown to be more effective at increasing strength and power when compared to a traditional concentric-focused program. This is the strength you might need if there are rock climbing sections during your hike. Besides, it never hurts to get stronger.
If you want to ensure your endurance levels are above and beyond before your hike, it's time to put on the mask… the elevation training mask. It works by constricting the amount of oxygen that you're able to breathe, forcing your body to work harder to supply oxygen to muscle tissue.
The elevation training mask has been shown to improve aerobic capacity and athletic endurance far more than cardiovascular training alone. You can easily wear the mask during the two workouts above, and you get to look like a superhero (or villain). It's a win-win.
However, don't let the name fool you; this mask will NOT prepare you for actual elevation. That's a process your body must naturally go through, but a good way to acclimatize is to get to your destination ahead of time.
If you live at sea level and you're planning several days of hiking and camping at an elevation similar to the Andes of South America, for example, I'd recommend getting to the nearest city or town a few days early. You can then give your body time to adjust and go through the inevitable symptoms of elevation sickness.
Users and proponents of the Wim Hof Method swear it helps with adjusting to elevation, but there are no studies to back this up. However, it can't hurt to try it.
Are You an Avid Hiker?
What do you do to prepare yourself for a big hike? Any training tips that I didn't mention above? Let me know in the comments below!


text:
OGDEN, James Ernest (1868–1932)
Senator for Tasmania, 1923–32 (Australian Labor Party; Independent; Nationalist Party)
James Ernest Ogden, miner, unionist and man of independent spirit, was born at Durdidwarrah, near Geelong, Victoria, on 8 March 1868, son of Robert Ogden, miner and farmer, and Hannah, née Fenby. Educated at Steiglitz State School, James later worked for his father growing grain and raising pigs, and also began training as a primary schoolteacher, though he never practised as a teacher due to the need to help his mother raise the family following the death of his father. After leaving home, the young Ogden roamed through Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland, working as a shearer, drover and horse-handler, and ending up on the Western Australian goldfields. He returned to Victoria, his life taking a major change when a mining syndicate sent him to Tasmania. In 1896 he settled on the west coast, where he worked as a miner and prospector until entering the Tasmanian Parliament. Like two other early Tasmanian senators, John Earle and James Long, Ogden earned a reputation as an able member of the Amalgamated Miners' Association of which he became Tasmanian president.[1]
On 10 February 1897 Ogden had married Emma Etta Colls at St Andrew's Church, Clifton Hill, Melbourne, in accordance with the rites of the Church of England. The marriage produced three daughters and one son. Continuing with his union work, Ogden also found time to serve on the Zeehan and Dundas Hospital Board, perform the duties of a Justice of the Peace, play an important role in the creation of the Zeehan School of Mines, and write for the Hobart newspapers, Clipper and Daily Post.
From 1903 he was prominent in the Workers' Political League, the forerunner of the Australian Labor Party in Tasmania, and in 1906 narrowly won the House of Assembly seat of Zeehan as an acknowledged candidate in the labour interest. To add to his income he continued to work as a miner during parliamentary recesses. In 1909, the year in which he failed to support the Labor pledge, he won the seat of Darwin. Ogden was Treasurer in the Government of Premier-for-a-week John Earle in 1909 and Chief Secretary, Minister for Mines and Minister for Labour in Earle's second administration from April 1914 to April 1916. The second Earle Government was greeted with dismay by conservatives, but it soon put a human face upon the feared Labor Party, performing in a much less threatening fashion than the doomsayers had expected. For his part, Ogden, who had become president of the Workers' Political League in 1911 (and again in 1918), was seen as a minister who worked very hard to prevent unemployment on the west coast mining fields. In 1907 he had helped secure the appointment of the Royal Commission on Wages and Wage Earners in Hobart. His firsthand experience in the mines made him acutely conscious of the diseases suffered by miners. He was responsible for securing the passage in the House of Assembly of the Workers' Compensation Bill 1917, though the bill did not pass the Legislative Council.[2]
Ogden had long been in the conservative wing of the Labor Party, opposing the push for a socialisation policy, and denouncing calls for the party to support direct action by trade unions seeking industrial reform. He was apprehensive of growing union power, which he believed taught the worker 'to regard industry as something which only has interests for the few, that capital and labour must always be at variance, and that there must ever be a class war between the two'. His presidential addresses at the 1918 and 1919 Tasmanian ALP conferences, wherein he denounced direct action as a betrayal of the Labor Party, alienated many of his listeners. He feared communist influence within the union movement, and was not prepared to accept all trade union actions without criticism. He rejected union claims that an increase in the cost of living justified a push for wage increases, though as minister he supported job preference for unionists, despite his later claim (in 1929) that he had always opposed the principle. At various times he also warned of union plans to overthrow the arbitration system.[3]
Ogden had unsuccessfully contested the Senate in 1913, but by 1922, enough Labor people were antagonised by his conservative attitudes for the party's Tasmanian executive to request him to leave state politics by contesting a Senate seat once again. He obliged, was successful—with Nationalist preferences—and retained the seat until his death in office ten years later.
Tasmanians since Federation had considered that the federal compact was crippling their state. Ogden was one, along with Herbert Hays—with whom he entered the Senate—who believed that Tasmania deserved special financial treatment by the Commonwealth to rectify 'the depredations of the larger and more selfish States'. Tied in with this concern was Ogden's belief that the Senate's function as a States House must be upheld. He argued that the role would be more effectively performed were the Senate to be non-party in its operations. He regretted the impact of party discipline, which he described as 'vicious', and favoured the introduction of proportional representation. He considered that the Senate had never been intended as a party house.[4]
Nowhere were these attitudes on federalism and the party system more apparent than in his support of the major legislative proposals designed by the Bruce–Page Government to combat industrial unrest on the waterfront, and introduced into the Parliament in June 1925. Furthermore, he believed that the militant maritime unions were damaging Tasmania, dependent as it was on sea transport. Ogden crossed the floor of the Senate to support all three measures: the Government's Immigration Bill, a subsidiary measure, the Peace Officers Bill, and the Navigation Bill, all of which aimed to break the power of the Seamen's Union. Nevertheless, his political roots remained with Labor. 'I am', he said, 'a Labour man, but I claim the right to retain freedom of speech when I think that unionism is going astray'. He averred that he was the only Labor representative sufficiently 'daring' to speak out against the Seamen's Union. Be that as it may, it seemed inevitable that he and the ALP would eventually part company. In July 1925 Ogden moved a motion requesting that the Navigation Act should be amended to permit 'overseas vessels to carry passengers between the mainland and Tasmania', a proposal which he assured the Senate had the approval of the Tasmanian Labor Party, and which lapsed at the prorogation of the Parliament on 28 September 1925.[5]
By 1927 Ogden was, in effect, an independent senator, though with Labor sympathies. Speaking on the States Grants Bill in March, he said: 'I owe allegiance to no political party, so that the observations I make are based on honest convictions, and are not forced by party political considerations'. During the election campaign prior to the November 1925 federal poll, he had refused to speak on behalf of any Labor candidates in Tasmania. In February 1926 he was expelled from the Tasmanian Labor Party at a state conference in Launceston, an action that was accepted by the federal Labor Caucus with reluctance.[6]
By the time of the 1928 election, Ogden was campaigning as a Nationalist. On his return to the Senate, he became an Honorary Minister, serving from November 1928 to the fall of the Bruce–Page Government at the October 1929 election. From December 1928 he was also Assistant Minister for the newly created Department of Industry. His elevation to the ministry may have been due to the Tasmanian electors punishing the Government at the polls for its failure to include Tasmanian representatives in the previous federal ministry. His attack on Labor during the debate on the 1929 Transport Workers Bill was stinging: 'The Labour party is building up a psychology which will be a danger to future generations. It is silent when it should speak, and shouts when it should remain silent'.[7]
During the Scullin Labor Government's period of office (1929–32) Ogden, a fierce critic of both the Government and the Labor Party, warned of the dangers that he considered were posed by Labor's 'communist masters'. He declared that there was 'a dangerous element in this country that wants to destroy existing institutions and set up, probably, a regime similar to that which now harasses Russia. I should not refer to that element so seriously but for the fact that it controls the Labour movement'. Overriding all his considerations of union and party discipline was Ogden's deep opposition to any form of compulsion and his distrust of the party system.
Ogden was an angular figure whose thin face was dominated by a large drooping moustache. It was said that his health had been permanently affected by his work in the mines, and in the early 1930s it steadily deteriorated to the extent that he failed to attend the Senate at all in the second half of 1931. Senator Hays visited Ogden shortly before his death, which occurred on 5 February 1932 at his home in Albert Road, Moonah. (In Canberra, Hays conveyed Ogden's best wishes to his fellow senators, and the sad message that he was not likely to return to the Senate.) Ogden was buried in Cornelian Bay Cemetery, and was survived by his wife and children.
His seemingly frail figure had disguised a strength of character and a determination to stand by his principles at whatever political cost. George Pearce's eulogy in the Senate was unusually frank when he described his former colleague as 'most outspoken in the expression of his views', the strength of which 'sometimes brought him into violent conflict with those who held opinions contrary to his own'. Ogden's refusal to see unions as the key factors in producing social and industrial change made him a controversial member of the Labor Party. In the end it was this attitude that produced the break with his party, many members of which were less than impressed with his view of himself 'as a strong advocate for the abolition of Party Governments'. Ogden's support of the Nationalist–Country Party Government eventually saw him excoriated as a 'Labor rat', and, in fact, it has been claimed that many of his actions 'were never forgiven by Tasmanian unionists'. Another view of this most controversial politician is that Ogden's cautious, pragmatic, non-ideological approach to government places him firmly in the long-term tradition of the Tasmanian Labor Party. His unwavering support for Tasmania during his years in the Commonwealth Parliament no doubt helped further develop the strong support for the Senate that has been so much in evidence in the island state.[8]
[1] Scott Bennett, 'James Ernest Ogden', ADB, vol. 11; Information from the Ogden Papers, in possession of the author, is used throughout the entry; Bulletin (Syd.), 10 Oct. 1918, p. 14; Mercury (Hob.), 6 Feb. 1932, p. 9; Lloyd Robson, A History of Tasmania, vol. 2, OUP, Melbourne, 1991, p. 219; CPD, 17 Feb. 1932, p. 11.
[2] Examiner (Launc.), 6 Feb. 1932, p. 6; D. J. Murphy (ed.), Labor in Politics: The State Labor Parties in Australia, 1880–1920, UQP, St Lucia, Qld, 1975, pp. 409, 428; World (Hob.), 24 Apr. 1919, p. 7; Richard Davis, Eighty Years' Labor: The ALP in Tasmania, 1903–1983, Sassafras Books and University of Tasmania, Hobart, 1983, pp. 8–9, 117–20.
[3] M. D. McRae, 'The Tasmanian Labour Party and Trade Unions 1903–1923', THRAPP, Apr. 1956, pp. 4–13; Davis, Eighty Years' Labor, pp. 14–15; World (Hob.), 2 May 1919, p. 3, 6 July 1921, p. 6, 7 July 1921, p. 6, 3 Sept. 1921, p. 5; SMH, 26 July 1921, p. 9, 9 Sept. 1921, p. 9; CPD, 27 Nov. 1929, pp. 292–3; SMH, 30 Nov. 1927, p. 15.
[4] McCrae, 'The Tasmanian Labour Party and Trade Unions 1903–1923', p. 12; CPD, 16 Aug. 1923, pp. 2861–3, 2 Aug. 1923, pp. 2020–2, 5 July 1923, pp. 686–98; SMH, 20 June 1922, p. 9; CPD, 17 Mar. 1927, pp. 558–63.
[5] Geoffrey Sawer, Australian Federal Politics and Law 1901–1929, MUP, Carlton, Vic., 1956, pp. 238–9; CPD, 16 July 1925, pp. 1073–7, 2 July 1925, pp. 628–33; Senate, Journals, 27 Aug. 1925.
[6] Argus (Melb.), 6 Feb. 1932, p. 21; CPD, 17 Mar. 1927, p. 558; Patrick Weller and Beverley Lloyd (eds), Federal Executive Minutes 1915–1955, MUP, Carlton, Vic., 1978, p. 91; Patrick Weller (ed.), Caucus Minutes 1901–1949, vol. 2, MUP, Carlton, Vic., 1975, pp. 11, 257; Examiner (Launc.), 26 Feb. 1926, p. 5.
[7] Weekly Courier (Launc.), 11 July 1928, p. 3; Sawer, Australian Federal Politics and Law 1901–1929, pp. 304–5; CPD, 13 Mar. 1929, p. 1068.
[8] CPD, 27 Nov. 1929, p. 294; Examiner (Launc.), 6 Feb. 1932, p. 6; CPD, 17 Feb. 1932, pp. 10–12; Murphy, Labor in Politics, pp. 434–5.
Honorary Minister, 1928–29
Assistant Minister for Industry, 1928–29
Tasmanian Parliament
Member of the House of Assembly, Zeehan, 1906–09; Darwin, 1909–22
Select Committee on the Discharge of Warrant Officer J. R. Allen from the Australian Military Forces, 1923

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Definition : Electrical stimulators that apply stimuli to subsurface areas of a patient's brain for pain-relief purposes. Analgesic brain stimulators may consist of an implanted lead/electrode system (attached to a passive electronic circuit into which energy and/or signals are inductively coupled from outside the body, typically at radio frequencies) or a totally implantable self-contained stimulator (that carries its own energy source and has no inherent dependence upon external devices). These stimulators are used to treat chronic severe intractable pain for which drug therapy is undesirable or no longer effective.
Entry Terms : "Stimulators, Analgesia" , "Analgesic Stimulators" , "Intracerebral/Subcortical Electroanalgesic Stimulators" , "Stimulators, Electroanalgesic, Intracerebral/Subcortical" , "Electroanalgesic Stimulators" , "Analgesia Units, Electrostimulating"


La Rivista è soggetta ad una accurata procedura di valutazione (double blind peer review process) attraverso la piattaforma OJS; i revisori sono scelti in base alla specifica competenza. L'articolo viene inviato in forma anonima.
Diritto costituzionale. Rivista quadrimestrale undertakes an ambitious project. Many legal journals are already present in the field of constitutional law, some of them are the most traditional and prestigious print reviews, others belong to a multitude of on-line journals which are considerably growing in the recent times and are quickly accredited by the scientific community.
Constitutional law is a very energetic matter, stimulated by on going Italian and foreign institutional events as well as by the issues of the difficult European integration process, but also fueled by constitutional and European courts case-law. So that the scientific reviews are inevitably provoked to focus their attention on the current news more than on the theoretical context. Obviously, on this ground on-line journals enjoy an unbearable advantage over traditional print magazines. Diritto costituzionale. Rivista quadrimestrale does not intend to compete with other periodicals in pursuing information and comment of the on going events. It is characterised by a strictly monographic setting, in which each issue is dedicated to one specific theoretical high-profile theme. The editor of each issue chooses the specific topics to be developed and the authors to invite. The editorial plan is the result of a collegial choice of the direction board; it covers an entire two-year period and is indicated by the review itself, so that anyone interested can make a proposal, announcing the specific subject he/she intends deal with. The Magazine is therefore "open" and happy to accommodate anyone's essay in scheduled topics. Papers are also welcome in languages other than Italian, whether they come "on invitation" or are spontaneously proposed.
Papers submitted to the journal are typically screened by the editor or one of the associate editors to determine whether the manuscript falls within Journal's Aims and Scope and satisfies the academic standards of the field. Papers are then assigned to an editor who oversees the entire editorial process including the final decision on the manuscript. If judged suitable for publication, the manuscript is sent to at least two independent referees for double blind peer review. Based on their recommendation, as well as possible consultation between Editorial Board members, the editor decides whether the paper should be accepted as it is, revised or rejected.


text:
\section{Introduction}
One of the important properties of the small-scale solar magnetic structures,
as established by the observations(Stenflo and Harvey 1985,
Zayer et al 1989,1990; Schussler 1991),
is that while the strong field $network$ $elements$
have field strengths very weakly dependent on the flux per element, $\Phi$, with typical
values of $\Phi$ about $1\times 10^{18}$ Mx and higher, the $inner$ $network$
weak field structures have a typical value of about $500$ G(Keller et al 1994, Solanki et al 1996,
Lin 1995) for their
strength and $\Phi$ about $1\times 10^{17}$ Mx or lower with a strong dependence between
the two.
If the convective
collapse of a weak field tube is the global process responsible for the formation of
the strong field tubes(Parker 1978; Webb and Roberts 1978; Spruit and Zweibel 1979;
Spruit 1979; Hasan 1983, 1984;Venkatakrishnan 1985; Steiner 1996),
that comprise the $network$, with strengths weakly dependent on
$\Phi$ then it should be explained why tubes with smaller fluxes viz., the $inner$
$network$ elements do not collapse to kG strength; efficient radiative exchange with the
surroundings by a small flux tube(Hasan 1986; Venkatakrishnan 1986) offers a natural
explanation;
here, having in mind a quantitative comparison with the above mentioned observationally
established properties of the Solar flux tubes, we employ a semi-empirical model
of the photospheric and the convection zone structure of the Sun and study in detail the
effects of radiation on the convective instability and the wave motions.

\section{Equations}
We add to the familiar thin flux tube equations(Roberts and Webb,1978) the following
non-adiabatic energy equation(see e.g.,Cox 1980),
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial p}{\partial t}+v\frac{\partial p}{\partial z}-\frac{\Gamma_{1} p}{\rho}\left [
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+v\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial z}\right ]=
-\frac{\chi_{T}}{\rho c_{v}T}\nabla .\bf F
\label{g.energy}
\end{equation}
where $p$, $\rho$, and ${\bf F}$ denote the fluid pressure, density, and
radiative energy flux respectively; (see Cox(1980) for the definitions of other thermodynamic
quantities);
all the variables are evaluated on the tube axis(r=0);
The radiative flux ${\bf F}$ is calculated in the generalised Eddington
approximation following Unno and Spiegel(1967): the mean intensity $J$ that is needed
to evaluate the flux,
\begin{equation}
{\bf F}_{R}=-\frac{4}{3\kappa \rho}{\bf \nabla}J
\label{Rflux.eddn}
\end{equation}
is found by reducing the exact relation
\begin{equation}
\nabla .{\bf F}_{R}=4\kappa \rho (S-J)
\label{divflux}
\end{equation}
to a form appropriate for a thin tube, which reads,
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{3}\frac{\partial^{2}J}{\partial \tau^{2}}+\frac{4}{3}\left (\frac{J_{e}-J}{\tau_{a}^{2}}
\right )=J-S
\label{transfer.tube}
\end{equation}
where $d\tau =\kappa \rho dz$, $\tau_{a}=\kappa\rho a$, $S$ is the source function
which we take it to be the Planck function,
$a$ is the tube radius, and $J_{e}$ is the mean intensity
in the external medium. $J_{e}$ is found by solving the equation
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{3}\frac{\partial^{2}J_{e}}{\partial \tau^{2}_{e}}=J_{e}-S_{e}
\label{transfer.ext}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Equilibrium}
The equilibrium stratification of the external medium that we use here is the one
determined to match the combined $VAL-C$(Vernazza et al. 1981) and Spruit(1977) models
(see Hasan,Kneer and Kalkofen(1998) for details about the construction of this
external quite Sun model);
the Rosseland mean opacities are calculated by interpolation
from the tables of Kurucz(1993) for the upper layers and from those of Rogers and Iglesias(1992)
for the deeper regions.
We assume temperature equilibrium, $T=T_{e}$, which implies that $\beta $,
defined as $\beta = 8 \pi p/B^{2}$, is constant with z(if the dependence of $\mu$ is
neglected). The pressure and density are thus determined from
\begin{eqnarray}
p=\frac{\beta}{1+\beta}p_{e} \\
\rho=\frac{\beta}{1+\beta}\rho_{e}
\end{eqnarray}
The extent of the flux tube
covers the atmosphere from the temperature minimum in the
chromosphere to $5000$km deep in the convection zone with the photospheric surface($\tau=1$)
being assigned $z=0$. We measure the positive $z$ downwards.
\subsection{Linear Stability: The Perturbation Equations}
With the assumption that the perturbations in the ambient medium are negligible
small perturbations inside the tube about the equilibrium described above obey the
following equations in the linear limit:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial\xi}{\partial z}=\frac{B^{'}}{B}-\frac{\rho^{'}}{\rho}-\left [\frac{d (\ln\rho)}
{dz}-\frac{d (\ln B)}{dz}\right ]\xi
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial^{2}\xi}{\partial t^{2}}=-Hg\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left (\frac{p^{'}}
{p}\right )-g\left (\frac{p^{'}}{p}-\frac{\rho^{'}}{\rho}\right )
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{B^{'}}{B}=-\frac{\beta}{2}\frac{p^{'}}{p}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left (\frac{p^{'}}{p}\right )-\Gamma_{1}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\left (\frac{\rho^{'}}{\rho}\right )+\left [\frac{d\ln p}{dz}-\Gamma_{1}\frac{d\ln\rho}{dz}
\right ]\frac{\partial \xi}{\partial t}=-\frac{\chi_{T}}{\rho c_{v}T}\nabla .{\bf F^{'}}
\label{p.energy}
\end{equation}
where $\xi$ denotes the vertical displacement and $H$ is the pressure scale height.
the perturbation of equation (\ref{divflux})
can be done in a straightforward manner:
\begin{equation}
\nabla.{\bf F_{R}^{'}}=\frac{dF_{R}^{'}}{dz}=4\pi\kappa_{a}\rho(S^{'}-J^{'})+
\nabla.{\bf F_{R}}\left (\frac{\kappa^{'}}{\kappa}+\frac{\rho^{'}}{\rho}\right )
\label{divflux.p}
\end{equation}
The perturbation in the mean intensity $J^{'}$ is determined by perturbing and linearizing
the transfer equation (\ref{transfer.tube}) which in the first order moment form are
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dz}\left (\frac{J^{'}}{J}\right )=\frac{dlnJ}{dz}\frac{\eta^{'}}{\eta}-
\frac{dlnJ}{dz}\frac{J^{'}}{J}+\frac{dlnJ}{dz}\frac{{\mathcal{H}}^{'}}{\mathcal{H}}
\label{p.meani}
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d}{dz}\left (\frac{{\mathcal{H}}^{'}}{\mathcal{H}}\right )=\left (\frac{\Delta_{t}}{2
\epsilon H_{p}}-\frac{dln{\mathcal{H}}}{dz}\right )\frac{\eta^{'}}{\eta}+
\frac{\Delta_{t}}{2\epsilon H_{p}}\frac{a^{'}}{a}-
\frac{(1+\nabla_{c})(4+3\tau_{a}^{2})}{16\epsilon H_{p}}\frac{J^{'}}{J}+ \nonumber \\
\frac{1}{qH_{p}}\frac{T^{'}}{T}-\frac{dln{\mathcal{H}}}{dz}\frac{{\mathcal{H}^{'}}}{\mathcal{H}}
\label{p.eddnflx}
\end{eqnarray}

where ${\mathcal{H}}={\bf F}/4$ is the Eddington flux, $\eta=\kappa \rho$, $H_{p}$ is the pressure
scale-height at the bottom and the various other quantities are as defined below:
\begin{equation}
\nabla_{c}=\frac{J}{S}-1
\end{equation}
is a measure of departure from radiative equilibrium,
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{t}=\frac{J-J_{e}}{S}
\end{equation}
is the ratio of the excess of the mean intensity inside the tube to the Planck function;
$\epsilon$ and $q$ are the ratios,
\begin{equation}
\epsilon=\frac{\tau_{r}}{\tau_{th}}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
q=\frac{\tau_{N}}{\tau_{th}}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\tau_{th}=\frac{\rho c_{v}TH_{p}}{\mathcal{H}}
\end{equation}
is the radiative relaxation time over the length of one pressure scale-height at the
bottom,
\begin{equation}
\tau_{r}=\frac{\rho c_{v}a^{2}}{K},     K=\frac{16\sigma T^{3}}{3\kappa \rho}
\end{equation}
is the radiative relaxation time across the tube in the optically thick limit and
\begin{equation}
\tau_{N}=\frac{c_{v}T}{4\kappa S}
\end{equation}
is the radiative relaxation time that one obtains in the optically thin limit
(with $Newton's$ $law$ $of$ $cooling$)(Spiegel,1957); and,
\begin{equation}
\tau_{a}=\kappa \rho a
\end{equation}
is the depth dependent optical thickness of the tube.
We reduce the perturbation equations to a
final set of four equations for the four variables $\xi$, $p^{'}/p$, $J^{'}/J$ and
${\mathcal{H}}^{'}/{\mathcal{H}}$.
The optically thick reduction of the set of equations corresponds to taking the limit $\tau$
tending to infinity and replacing the mean intensity by the Planck function. The optically
thin case is got in the limit $\tau_{th}$ approaching zero.
\subsection{Boundary Conditions}
We use closed mechanical boundary conditions and as thermal conditions we impose that there
is no incoming radiation from above at the top boundary and that the perturbations are
adiabatic at the bottom boundary.
\section{Results and Discussion}
The action of radiation that we bring out in this study of convective instability and
wave-motions of the tube is explained conveniently with the help of the graphs shown in
$figs.(1)$ and $(2)$ where we plot the growth rates and frequencies of the fundamental mode,
which is the most unstable, respectively, as a function of the surface tube radius $a_{0}$
for various values of the plasma $\beta$.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{file=grate21.ps,width=8.5cm}}
\label{fig.(4.5)}
\caption{Growth rates of the fundamental mode as a function of the tube radius $a_{0}$
at the surface $z=0$($\tau=1$) for various values of the plasma $\beta$.}
\vskip 0.5in
\centerline{\psfig{file=freq2.ps,width=8.5cm}}
\label{fig.(4.6)}
\caption{The frequencies of the fundamental mode as a function of the tube radius $a_{0}$
at the surface $z=0$($\tau=1$) for various values of the plasma $\beta$.}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Convective Instability}
The onset of the convective instability corresponds to the cusps in the curves of $fig.(1)$
where the overstable mode's frequency becomes zero and the growth rate shoots up sharply.
Comparison with the
results obtained with only the lateral exchange in the diffusion approximation
(Venkatakrishnan
1986, Hasan 1986) or in the Newton's law of cooling reveal that these earlier treatments
overestimate the degree of instability: the growth rates obtained with the present more accurate
treatment of radiation with the inclusion of vertical exchange of
radiation are appreciably smaller;
moreover, for a given value of $\beta $, i.e.
for a tube of given strength the onset of convective instability requires the size of the tube
to be greater in the present case than that is required when the diffusion approximation
is used.

 The convective instability is completely suppressed for tubes with the plasma $\beta$ smaller
than $2.45$ whatever be its size; this corresponds to a field strength of about $1160$Gauss at
$\tau=1$ inside the tube;
this has to be compared with the value of $1350$G($\beta=1.83$) that Spruit and Zweibel
obtained in the adiabatic case.
We point out here that the field
strength of $1160$G that we obtain here does not necessarily imply that all collapsing tubes of
weaker fields will attain this unique value and become stable; this value represents a necessary
strength for stability against convective collapse and thus can be considered as a minimum
strength for stability; a collapsing weaker tube of sufficient size can of course attain an
equilibrium collapsed state of field strength higher than this value(cf. Spruit 1979).

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{file=brads1.ps,width=8.5cm}}
\caption{Size-strength relation for the stable tubes; see the text for details}
\vskip 0.5in
\centerline{\psfig{file=bflux1.ps,width=8.5cm}}
\caption{The magnetic flux-strength relation corresponding to the size-strength relation of
the previous graph}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Size-strength Distribution for the Solar Tubes}
From the positions of the cusps in the curves of $fig.(1)$, i.e. from the positions
that mark the onset of the convective instability we pick up the values of the plasma $\beta$
and the radius $a_{0}$; the resulting radius-field strength dependence is shown in $fig.(3)$;
the corresponding flux-strength distribution
in $fig.(4)$. Comparison of this curve with those observationally produced(Solanki et al 1997,
Lin 1996) shows a remarkable agreement leading to the conclusion that indeed the convective
collapse is the cause of the formation of the flux elements on the Sun's surface. Our refined,
realistic, and exact treatment of the convective collapse process on the Sun reinforces the
conclusions drawn from earlier simplified treatments(Venkatakrishnan 1986, Hasan 1986) and
verifies the original suggestion and the physical explanation by Parker(1978) for the
concentrated small scale magnetic structures on the Sun.
\subsection{Overstability}
 The characteristics of the overstable mode are explained with the help of the $fig.(1)$ again;
the growth rates in the present Eddington approximation are lower than those
obtained in the earlier treatments where the vertical losses are not taken care of
and use either the diffusion approximation or the Newton's law of cooling;
the differences thus demonstrate that overstability is hindered by the vertical losses

 We point out that while there is no damping out of oscillations when only lateral
exchange takes place and the oscillations' growth rate only asymptotically goes to zero
in the limit of large radii, i.e. in the adiabatic limit, the inclusion of vertical
radiative losses make the oscillations to damp out for radii greater than a particular finite
value which is determined by the $\beta$; thus it is clarified
that the horizontal exchange between vertically oscillating fluid elements acts to amplify
the oscillations while the vertical losses always try to smooth out the fluctuations thereby
introducing damping; this $radiative$ $damping$ is quite severe for the overstable mode of an
intense flux tube on the Sun that it gets completely damped out for tubes of radii larger than
a certain critical value.

 Finally we note that a tube which can undergo convective
collapse for radii greater than a critical value for a given field strength remains overstable
for all smaller radii that it can take.
\section{Conclusions}
\begin{itemize}
\item
We have demonstrated that radiative transport has a marked effect on the
size-field strength relation for solar flux tubes. Our results can be
be applied to solar flux tubes more reliably in view of the more
refined treatment of radiative transfer.
\item
We have generalized the necessary condition for the onset of convective
instability in the presence of radiative energy exchange. We find that radiation
has a stabilizing influence which is greater for tubes with small radius.
\item
Overstability of the longitudinal slow mode is shown to be dependent on the
tube radius: there is a critical tube radius above which a strong field convectively
stable tube's oscillations get damped as a result of vertical radiative losses.
\end{itemize}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


A very important segment of the sector "wellness spa" is consituted by the thermal springs, which permit the treatment of several physical diseases in a totally natural way. The Italian thermal tradition in the ancient Rome the therm wasn't only a place to cure the own body but also a meeting point. Actually the acronym "spa" derives from the Latin and means "salus per aquam", healthiness through water. Some acheological relicts prove the therapeutic qualities of the thermal water of Ischia, which were already popular in antiquity, the springs were actually called "The gift of the Gods".
Another testimony of the importance of this sector in the ancient Rome is the name of the city "Bath", famous already in Roman times for its thermal baths, still today in function. In this city there are present thermal springs based on sulfuric water, called "Aquae Sulis". The thermal waters can be used in different ways: baths, inhalation, irrigations, clay. The thermal baths have all contract based responsabilities according to the National Sanitary Service. Many baths offer different services for children, since the thermal cure is very recommended also for them.
Other popular thermal localities are Spas in Belgium, Vichy, Cauterets and Plombiéres in France- these last are famous for the so- called "Plombiéres accords" between Napoleon III and Camillo Benso di Cavour, moreover other localities like Baden- Baden and Ems in Germany, Meran, Fiuggi, Montecatini Terme, Montegrotto Terme, Recoaro Terme, Abano Terme in Italy. Italy actually offers numerous thermal springs, many of them known already in the "Belle Epoque", when the nobilty and the high bourgeosie came together to spend some relaxing days. Some examples are: Pejo, this mineral water was already known in the 19th century and sold actually in Mosca, Meran which was aleady visited by famous personalities like Ezra Pound, the empress Sissi, Franz Kafka and all the European nobilty, Fiuggi, Ischia, Montecatini Terme, Saturnia, Levico Terme.
This last city still today is distinguished by a typical architecture of the "villesd'eaux" from the 19th century, with large avenues in the surroundings of the lake and elegant buildings in art nouveau style. After a long time of depression the thermal holiday turned to be in vogue in these last 10- 15 years, thanks to a growing desire of wellness and relaxation. Even young people search relaxation opportunities.


Here are some of my original "fractured" nursery rhymes. Note: The poem Jack and June was included in a children's poetry anthology titled My Cat Is in Love with the Goldfish and Other Loopy Love Poems. The book was published by A & C Black (London) in 2010.
Jack broke his nose and seven toes.
To soothe her injured mate.
And asked him for a date.
And wed the very next day.
Mary had a little moon.
It shone just like a star.
She brought it in a jar.
The brightest thing at school.
Humpty Dumpty sat on a star.
Humpty Dumpty started to char.
This little piggy went to Saturn.
This little piggy went to Mars.
At Shoot the Wad Casino.
And won ten games of keno.
Sure wants to be her beau!
It's got wrinkles every place.
It's got crow's feet; it's got creases.
The aging process never ceases.
I've got a droopy double chin.
Then I'll look as young as you!
Mary had a vampire bat.
His fur was black a s night.
And promised not to bite.
The teacher screamed and ran.
This entry was posted in Humor, Poetry and tagged Fractured Nursey Rhymes, Light Verse, Monster Goose, Original Poems, Poetical Parodies, Poetry Friday. Bookmark the permalink.
LOL Elaine! My 11 year old grandson would absolutely love them all, he's a boy, you know gruesome grimy gofer guts 'n all that.
My 6 year-old granddaughter, who will be starting Kindergarten on Monday, and I had some quiet time yesterday to sit and read the poems you posted. Her favorite was LITTLE JACK QUASAR.
Thanks for that. It's never to soon to encourage children to learn to appreciate and write poetry.
Maddi was using poetic license. Good for her!
She told her mom she had made a poem for the "Poet Cake Lady".
We illustrated the poem which means, I wrote her poem on a piece of drawing paper then she drew and colored a picture. The picture is a lady carrying a cake (with candles … she just had a birthday) and above the lady's head is one of those circles, I think they're called "speech balloons", with a bunch of random letters inside it. She hung the masterpiece on her refrigerator and told her mom you had made the cake with your hands and you were making the poem in you head … "at home" cause "head" doesn't rhyme with "poem".
Then she went to karate and beat the snot out of some sweet, little 8 year-old boy.
Maddi sounds like my kind of kid!
Well then! Glad we cleared that up.
Old Mother Hupboard went to the cupboard to get her poor dog, Abone.
When she got there, Abone peed in her hair because he preferred to be known as Tyrone.


Update your shirt collection with this Cuban Pineapple short sleeved shirt from Thomas Royall. Constructed with short sleeves and a classic pointed collar, this piece features a central button down closure and spliced hems. Finished with an all over Pineapple print, this piece is not one to be missed.


text:
Q: Can you use os.path.exists() on a file that starts with a number? I have a set of files named 16ID_#.txt where # represents a number. I want to check if a specific file number exists, using os.path.exists(), before attempting to import the file to python. When I put together my variable for the folder where the files are, with the name of the file (e.x.: folderpath+"\16ID_#.txt"), python interprets the "\16" as a music note.
Is there any way I can prevent this, so that folderpath+"\16ID_#.txt" is interpreted as I want it to be?
I cannot change the names of the files, they are output by another program over which I have no control.

A: You can use / to build paths, regardless of operating system, but the correct way is to use os.path.join:
os.path.exists(os.path.join(folderpath, "16ID_#.txt"))

A: I get these are windows \paths. Maybe the problem is that you need to escape the backslash, because \16 could be interpreted as a special code. So maybe you need to put \\16 instead of \16.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you've been saving up your holiday money for some new gear, check out this opportunity. In a big year end bash, Canon and Nikon are both offering some pretty big discounts on a bunch of different cameras and lenses. The best deal Nikon is offering gives you $1,000 off a D750 and lens while Canon is offering $650 off a 7D Mk II with various lens options. Not only do Canon deals include some of their best bodies and lenses, the award winning Canon 600EX-RT speedlite is also on sale. These discounts will only last until January 2 so check out your options below.
Although Nikon's best deals come with bundled camera bodies and lenses, there are still big discounts on individual items too. Check out all the bodies and lenses available from Nikon here.
You can see a list of all the Canon camera bodies and camera bundles available on sale here, and check out all the Canon lens and speedlite discounts here.
Have a happy New Year from the Fstoppers team!


The California Family Code governs an order of permanent spousal support, mandating that courts consider a host of circumstances outlined in the statute. A couple's marital standard of living is just one factor a court will look at when determining the amount of spousal support to order in a divorce case. Other pertinent factors include the supporting spouse's ability to pay, the health and age of the parties, the duration of the marriage, the balance of hardships to the parties, and the ultimate goal that the supported party will be self-supporting within a reasonable period of time. To protect your rights concerning spousal support in divorce, you are encouraged to contact an experienced San Diego family law attorney as early in the proceedings as possible.
In an recent blog post, we discussed a contentious divorce case involving a couple arguing over the amount of child and spousal support to be awarded to the wife. In that post, we covered the arguments regarding child support. Here, we will discuss the court's treatment of the request for spousal support. The couple had been married for 20 years when they decided to separate. Throughout their marriage, the husband received cash gifts or loans from his parents' and grandmother's trusts. The cash advances included annual tax-free gifts of $26,000 to the husband, wife, and each of their three children. The husband also received an annual distribution of $13,000 from his grandmother's estate.
On occasion, the husband's father also gave the couple large sums of money to buy real estate and other property. Interestingly enough, neither spouse had a job with a steady income. According to the wife's testimony, everybody in the family gets money when they need it. When the parties separated, their monthly expenses were approximately $45,000. Soon after the separation, the husband got a job earning an annual income of $60,000, and he also continued to receive the yearly gifts of $26,000 and $13,000 from his parents' and grandmother's trusts, respectively. During the divorce proceedings, the wife sought spousal support in the amount of $28,782. She claimed that the husband had approximately $60,000 in monthly cash flow available for spousal and child support. The trial court, however, ordered the husband to pay only $2,000 per month in spousal support based on the husband's then-annual income of $99,000. The wife appealed, arguing that the $2,000 monthly was inadequate because it would require her to live below the marital standard of living.
The court of appeals upheld the trial court's decision to base the spousal support order on the husband's ability to pay, rather than that of his parents. The court emphasized that the parents were no longer advancing funds to the couple, so there was no continuing stream of income. Under California case law, the marital standard of living is not an absolute measure of reasonable need, but instead it is a "basis" or reference point for calculating need and support. The court must consider all of the relevant statutory factors in order to determine an amount that would achieve a fair and reasonable result under the circumstances. And that amount may in fact be greater than, equal to, or less than what the supported spouse may need to maintain the marital standard of living.
As this case illustrates, calculating spousal support can become complicated depending on the facts of each case. In order to protect your financial rights in divorce, it is important to contact a local family law attorney with experience handling such cases.
oy M. Doppelt has been representing parties in divorce matters for more than 20 years. Doppelt and Forney, APLC serves clients throughout Southern California, including San Diego, Encinitas, La Jolla, and Chula Vista. For a free consultation, contact Doppelt and Forney, APLC through our website, or give us a call toll-free at (800) ROY IS IT (769-4748).


Flew over to Zurich from LA with Jeff Shapiro on the 4th of July. Swiss Nic and Steve Blinkensop picked us up at the airport and we headed to Nic's home in Baden (originally a Roman town). Upon unpacking my glider in Zurich, I found a large dent in my leading edge tube.
Nic had a spare tube that need to a slight modification, so Blinky and Carole helped my get the tools to fix it. Dustin arrived later and we had some fantastic home-made green curry a la Blinky.
The next morning we were off to Fiesch with 4 gliders, 10 harnesses and 4 bodies crammed in Nic's sweet Mercedes. driving south past Interlaken we drove the car onto a train that took us through a tunnel deep through the Alps. In Fiesch we met up with Derreck and James to register and parade through town.
Weather looked pretty bad and there were doubts as to whether we would fly at all, but day one turned out great.


Volume injected by picroinjector as a function of flow rate, pressure, and voltage.
Because picoinjection is triggered using an electric field, it can be switched on and off; to stop picoinjecting, the electric field need only be switched off, allowing the surfactants already present on the drops to stabilize the interface, and block injection. By combining switching with a droplet detection techniques, it is possible to selectively inject drops. This is especially useful for creating libraries of compounds in the drops, for application like combinatorial screening and chemical synthesis.


Curio 8 runs on OS X Lion (10.7), OS X Mountain Lion (10.8), or OS X Mavericks (10.9).
Fixed a Mavericks-only problem where Evernote OAuth authentication was not working correctly so you couldn't login to your account via the Curio Evernote shelf.
You may want to read over the Mavericks-related changes made in Curio 8.6.2, including those that impact PDFViews in zoomed idea spaces.
Evernote has announced that they're imposing rate limits on all 3rd party apps starting November 1st. These new restrictions will limit the number of calls a 3rd party app can make to the Evernote cloud within a 1-hour period. Therefore several changes were made to Curio's Evernote shelf so we greatly reduce the number of calls made to the Evernote cloud.
Curio will no longer automatically download all notes in the selected notebook to the local cache.
When you select any note in the result list, if it isn't already local, Curio will then immediately download it from the cloud.
A note will now clearly indicate if it is on the Evernote cloud, is being downloaded, or is in the local cache, as shown below.
Instead of downloading the note's resources and recognition data as separate calls to the cloud the entire note is grabbed with a single call which is much more efficient.
Once a note is local you can hit spacebar to preview it, double-click to open it, or drag it to an idea space to embed a copy of the note in your project.
Converting a scribble region to or from an image figure is now working correctly on Retina Macs, even with a mix of connected Retina and non-Retina displays.
Fixed an issue where image figures located near a page break boundary printed or exported to PDF would sometimes appear on both sides of the page break.


text:
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Originally from Ohio, Allison is currently a Los Angeles film composer, orchestrator, arranger, performing artist, singer/songwriter and recording musician. She graduated from Berklee College of Music with a BA of Music in Film Scoring and achieved her Master's of Music in Composition for Screen from the Royal College of Music, London.
Past projects include score writing for television shows such as Graceland, White Collar, and First Dates, original score/orchestration for documentaries like Thank You For Your Service and Davi's Way, score prep and orchestration for Oprah Winfrey and the Boston Pops, commercial music for Ozarka and Poland Springs, and gaming music, songwriting, and voiceover for Square Panda Letter Lullaby. As a recording musician, Allison has recorded with Burl Audio at The Village, East West Studios, and Woodshed Studio and has worked with 4 time Grammy award-winning producer Rob Carranza as well as Grammy award-winning producer Matt Champlin amongst countless other studio projects.
Orchestration / Composition
Charles Fernandez is an Emmy and Annie Nominated composer, as well as an orchestrator, bassoonist, educator and conductor, who has been working in Los Angeles since 1983. He has composed for television series' such as Disney's Little Mermaid, Disney's Aladdin, Universal's Casper Cartoon Series (for which he received two Emmy and one Annie Nomination), Disney's Doug, Disney's 101 Dalmatians, DreamWorks' Toonsylvania, Disney's Bonkers
and Adult Swim's Robot Chicken.
Among films he's written for are Doug's 1st Movie, Aladdin III, The Pebble and the Penguin, All Dog's Go To Heaven II, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, All Dogs Christmas Carol, Babes in Toyland, Tom Sawyer, Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein, The New Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina, Jingle Bells and The Tangerine Bear.
As a teacher, he's an instructor at LACSHA (Los Angeles County High School of the Arts), UCLA Extension and for ThinkSpace Education, based in the UK.
His recent concert premieres include: Frolic Concertino for Tuba and Concert Band, Persepolis Bazaar for Concert Band, Holiday Horn Concerto for Horn and Band/Orchestra, For the Matadors for the 50th anniversary of CSUN, Americana Trio for Flute, Clarinet and Bassoon, Cruise and Star for Saxophone Sextet and Harp, and the latest commission for Dr Larry Stoffel and CSUN, Bachus Illatus for Band and Organ for the Los Angeles Bach Festival. He's also served as orchestrator and conductor on countless trailers and film projects, the most recent of which was the trailer for the James Bond film Spectre.
Gina Zdanowicz is an Emmy-Nominated sound designer and music composer for games, film and TV. Her love for video games, sound and technology began at a very early age and grew into a decade-long career in the games industry. After graduating from Berklee College of Music with a degree in music synthesis, Gina focused on a career in game audio working in-house for developers as well as operating her own independent sound studio, Serial Lab Studios. Her work can be heard on over 100 game titles from award-winning AAA to casual such as Just Cause 3, Paladins, Bioshock 2, The Bureau: XCOM Declassified, Runewards, and Cartoon Network to name a few. In addition to being a sound designer and composer, Gina is a course author, instructor, lecturer and tutor.
William Boston has enjoyed a nearly thirty-year career as a media composer, arranger, film music orchestrator and, in recent years, music educator.
Orchestration credits include: Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009), Knowing (2009), Knowing (2009), Live Free or Die Hard (2007), Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005), I, Robot (2004), Star Trek: Enterprise (2002) and many more.
Additionally, he has written a number of works for concert performance including pieces for various small chamber ensembles, chamber orchestra, wind ensemble, concert band and percussion solo. Bill was a 1994 recipient of the BMI Pete Carpenter Memorial Fellowship, which included a seven-week internship with television music composer Mike Post.
"What Guy has established/maintained here is something quite remarkable and unique, with he, Tim, Bradley, TSE staff and tutors all working toward a singular, focused goal, namely, to equip the dedicated TSE student with the tools he/she needs to succeed as a working commercial music professional. To say that I wished I had this type of musical training available to me when I was starting out would be the understatement of the century."
Composition / Orchestration / Games
Lindsay is a versatile and innovative composer writing music for film, TV, games & advertising. Her work has screened across the globe in competition at numerous festivals and has been broadcast worldwide for the likes of BBC, Channel 4, Netflix and Sky, amongst others.
Lindsay recently scored the upcoming HBO/BBC feature documentary The Mystery of DB Cooper with Tim Atack; the three-part BBC documentary series Inside Monaco and the four-part BBC series 21 Again. She also scored the upcoming BFI-backed coming-of-age short drama Pop starring Stephen Graham; the acclaimed short documentary Entitled as part of Channel 4's Random Acts, and BAFTA-winning director Caroline Bartleet's short drama The Bind for BBC Films.
Lindsay has worked extensively in the music department on large television and studio projects, contributing additional music for Stan Lee's Lucky Man, starring James Nesbitt; Sky Atlantic's The Tunnel, starring Stephen Dillane and Cleménce Poésy; and feature film The Aftermath, a period drama starring Keira Knightley and Alexander Skarsgård. Lindsay is the music editor for the third and fourth series of Netflix's multi-award-winning drama The Crown, starring Olivia Colman, Tobias Menzies and Helena Bonham Carter. She was also the music editor for the Amazon Studios drama series The Feed starring Guy Burnet, Michelle Fairley and David Thewlis and has edited soundtrack albums for BBC's Peaky Blinders, and Black Earth Rising.
Erik Desiderio is an award-winning composer. He has worked on more than fifty films, including ten features. He produced the score for the Academy Award-winning film The Moon and the Son and helped produce the score for Immortals, featuring Mickey Rourke, and the multi Emmy-Award winning series The Borgias. Festival highlights include films that have been in the Sundance, Tribeca, and Toronto film festivals. Some of his television work includes composing music for Entourage, and the Primetime Emmy Awards. He is also a recipient of a Global Music Award of Excellence for his work on The Four Players, the Clive Davis Award for Excellence in Music and the Best Original Score Award at the First Run Film Festival in New York. Video Game work includes music for Diablo III: Rise of the Necromancer for Blizzard Entertainment. Other game clients include Bandai, Namco, Zynga, Kabam, Tapzen, Nintendo and Cartoon Network Games. Commercial clients include Nintendo, Samsung, Kellogg's, Coffee-mate, Heineken and many others.
"I like tutoring ThinkSpace students because they come up with creative and original ways to help tell the story, it's always great to see what they come up with."


At Virgin Media, we place a lot of faith in our frontline leaders. They're the ones who make sure our critical, customer-based services swim more smoothly than a well-oiled otter – while portraying who we are to the millions of people we connect.
We're searching for our next generation of leaders to help us stay ahead of the telecommunications game. As part of our Operations Management graduate scheme, our first-class training will spark your leadership career and help you blaze a trail through our business – without snuffing out any of the fun!
Our two-year graduate scheme is based in Limerick, Ireland – where we provide a wide range of business areas covering TV, broadband, mobile and fixed voice communications. These include the country's fastest network speeds, and our very own TV channels!
During the scheme, you will get a chance to explore a full spectrum of our Operations Management roles, including Contact Centre Sales, Retention, Complaints, Quality and Messaging. You'll begin your journey at the frontline of our business, learning how to manage a call centre and understand our customers' needs – ensuring that we're available to support them how and when they want to interact with us.
You'll also experience our exciting culture and engagement across the business. And, be given responsibility to develop your people management skills, solve various customer problems and contribute towards our ever-increasing success in the industry.
The Operations Management scheme is both diverse and challenging, so you should be a resilient all-rounder with outstanding communication skills, commercial acumen and the confidence to challenge the status quo.
We operate in an energetically-paced digital marketplace where projects can change direction with the click of a mouse. You'll need to be able to move with the times and make quick-witted decisions, even if you don't have all the information at hand.
Ideally, you'll also demonstrate a level of relevant experience i.e. working in business whilst studying, involved in club/society management or previous call centre experience.
This role is based at Virgin Media in Limerick and you must be both motivated and eligible to work in this location for the duration of the two-year Graduate Scheme.
As an introduction to frontline management that could eventually pave the way to a senior leadership career at one of the world's most free-thinking and fun-loving companies, our scheme offers an awesome opportunity to kick start your future.
You'll gain a valuable insight into our complete end-to-end customer experience and how to manage people effectively and efficiently – as well as an all-inclusive understanding of our business practices.


The Gamesmen, Episode 69 – Make A Joke | The Gamesmen- What role will YOU play?
Join Amras89 and Hardlydan for game talk and fun! This time, The Gamesmen talk about Nintendo and Universal Studios, the Mirror's Edge sequel, the Splatoon demo, the Oculus Rift release, Nintendo being profitable again, GOG Galaxy, Guild Wars 2 and public humiliation, Nintendo releasing five phone games by March 2017, World of Warcraft losing subscribers, the Five Nights at Freddy's rip off, the next Assassin's Creed coming next May, and The Witcher 3 on a Unicorn. Games discussed are Elite: Dangerous, Minecraft, Grand Theft Auto V, Mortal Kombat X, Munchkins Cthulhu, and The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay.
Answer the #tGmQuest – Is public humiliation a good or bad thing to do to cheaters in games?


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View All Faculty Interests
Philip V. Bohlman
Associated Faculty; Ludwig Rosenberger Distinguished Service Professor of the Humanities and of Music and the College; Chicago Center for Jewish Studies;
Jas' Elsner
Visiting Professor of Art and Religion; Associate Faculty, Department of Art History
Sarah Hammerschlag
Professor of Religion and Literature, Philosophy of Religions and History of Judaism; also in the College
Karin Krause
Associate Professor of Byzantine Art and Religious Culture; also in the College; Affiliated Faculty in the Department of Art History; Affiliated Faculty in the Center for Hellenic Studies; Faculty M...
Françoise Meltzer
Professor of the Philosophy of Religions; Edward Carson Waller Distinguished Service Professor in the Humanities; also in the College
Na'ama Rokem
Associated Faculty; Associate Professor of Modern Hebrew Literature & Comparative Literature; Director, Joyce Z. and Jacob Greenberg Center for Jewish Studies
Richard A. Rosengarten
Associate Professor of Religion and Literature; Director of Doctoral Studies; also in the College
Eric L. Santner
Associated Faculty; Philip and Ida Romberg Distinguished Service Professor in Modern Germanic Studies, Committee on Jewish Studies, and the College; Chair of the Department of Germanic Studies
Eric Slauter
Associated Faculty; Associate Professor in the Department of English; Director, The Karla Scherer Center for the Study of American Culture
Sarah Pierce Taylor
Assistant Professor; also in the College


It happens to me every year…. Cabin fever!
The facts are I live in Michigan and I hate being cold. I blame it on the fact that I was born in California yet raised in Michigan.
But there is something mysterious about photographing in the part of the year here in Michigan that I like to call dead pretty.
The faded hues and the structure of nature before spring blooms is a perfect backdrop to style the unexpected.
You may have noticed in the past year or so my design in the boutique, the fashion we carry, and often my images are very west coast inspired. Well it has been an inspiration for years but in the past 2 years I have been making extreme changing toward doing more and more of what inspires me. It is very empowering to do what you want. I highly recommend it.
So these recent images have been my take on a Michigan version of boho style on the California coast. In this shot of Cassidy, the pastel colors of the back ground and her clothing blend yet she has such a bold presence. I loved finishing the look with this necklace for a statement piece.
I drive by this little cabin a few times a week. It only now stood out to me when I pictured it as a little northern California cabin. Perfect for styling Jaden in this loosely layered outfit. The hat was a must to accent her eyes!
We ended our session in town and this shot was just so simple that all we needed was amazing hair, a choker and one powerful look by Jaden.
These shots were styled by Amber.
Mix of fashion by amberlights, nastygal, free people and a few vintage pieces from our studio collection.


text:
Q: Как в Spring зарегистрировать объект-бин, созданный через new? Можно ли привязать простой объект к контексту во время выполнения?

A: GenericApplicationContext.registerBean() спешит на помощь!
// Любым способом получаем ApplicationContext. Самый простой способ -
// за-autowire-ить его туда, откуда вы хотите зарегистрировать новый бин.
GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = ...

// Любым способом создаём объект, который хотим засунуть в контекст.
Service service = new Service();

// Регистрируем его как бин.
applicationContext.registerBean(Service.class, () -> service);

// Не забываем обновить контекст.
applicationContext.refresh();

// Теперь можно вытаскивать ваш объект из контекста!
Service serviceFromContext = applicationContext.getBean(Service.class);

Если в контексте уже есть AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor (а он, скорее всего, будет, если вы только не создавали контекст с нуля вручную), то у вашего бина даже будут работать свойства, помеченные аннотацией @Autowired.
Если вам нужно зарегистрировать бин, который будет создан Spring-ом (например, вы хотите, чтобы Spring за-autowire-ил аргументы конструктора), вам нужно регистрировать BeanDefinition:
public class Service {

    private RandomProvider randomProvider;

    @Autowired
    public Service(RandomProvider randomProvider) {
        this.randomProvider = randomProvider;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return randomProvider.getRandom().nextInt();
    }
}

public class RandomProvider {
    public Random getRandom() {
        return new SecureRandom();
    }
}

GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = ...;
applicationContext.registerBean(RandomProvider.class, () -> randomProvider);
BeanDefinition definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(Service.class).getBeanDefinition();
applicationContext.registerBeanDefinition("service", definition);
applicationContext.refresh();

Service serviceFromContext = applicationContext.getBean(Service.class);
System.out.println(serviceFromContext.getNumber());

Само собой, Spring сможет за-autowire-ить не только зарегистрированные вами бины, но и те, которые уже есть в контексте.

A: @Configuration
public class ApplicationConfig {

    @Bean
    public MyBean random() {
        return new MyBean();
    }

}

A: Насколько я понял, то Вам нужно, чтобы бин создавался не один раз во время старта приложения, а каждый раз во время вызова бина.
Для этого нужно указать Scope для бина, в вашем случае - это prototype
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public Person getPerson() {
    return new Person();
}

В таком случае, при каждом вызове будет создаваться новый экземпляр бина.
Ссылки на данную тему:
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-bean-scopes
https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/3.0.0.M3/reference/html/ch04s04.html


text:
InsaneBunkers
Insanebunkers Forum »
Specific »
Weird Shit (Moderator: Dakiel) »
Ladd School Tunnels (a hoax)
Author Topic: Ladd School Tunnels (a hoax) (Read 19838 times)
Tmac02892
InsaneKarma: +1/-0
Ok, I just created a new thread since the Ladd School one is significantly long. The topic is also a little different. There are tunnels under Ladd, but the question is where? I can't say I remember anyone mentioning exploring them though they were supposed to connect every building. Also, one supposedly led to a crematorium in the woods. Someone described it as an underground building with a concrete roof and two chimneys.
So folks, what are your thoughts?
« Last Edit: June 17, 2011, 10:35:10 PM by Tmac02892 »
Saving history one photo at a time.
The Million Dollar Man
InsaneKarma: +20/-13
Everyone's got a price, everybody's gotta pay
Re: Ladd School Tunnels
There aren't any tunnels under Ladd....but It'd be a lot cooler if there were. Theres a passage leading from Fogarty to the building its connected to but thats as close to tunnels as you get there. I've never checked it out but I have heard from a man in the know that there is a crematorium on School Landwoods Rd next to the veteran's cemetary. IMHO that would be a insanely long tunnel from Ladd to there so I'm positive you can't get there via tunnel.
Megster
Crazy Cat Lady of IB
InsaneKarma: +15/-3
A quick google led to the description you're referencing. I think she's absolutely full of it. I'll bold parts that are either wrong or there is no evidence from anywhere to back it up.
Brittani says: "I grew up in exeter all my life, so I've heard all the stories. I've gone in most of the buildings, but the only one that currently stands is the hospital. (the round building) I ride through the ground on my atv, and I can honestly say that i never feel alone. Friends parents that used to work there say there are hundreds of unmarked graves around the property. Paitents were raped, gave birth, and the workers killed and disposed of the "evidence" i guess you could say. The dentist is a whole other story. Because these kids were mentally diabled they "couldn't feel pain", so the dentist would just pull out teeth, an do all sorts of things with out medications. Its located in the basement of the hospital, and every time i go in that part of the building i swear i feel a sort of pain all over. The showers they were given if you could even call it that was just getting sprayed with a hose, one with enoughpressure to break your skin wide open. Ladd has underground tunnels that led to all the buildings, and one that led to a creamatorim. Like Nazi style they would burn the "useless" paitents. Its not on any map of the grounds, and none of the workers really new where it was. But i found it in the middle of the woods riding on my atv. Its just a big cement block with two chimneys. Ladd school was just a cruel and inhumaine place. You can feel it whenever you step foot on the grounds that something very wrong happened there. "
1)Aerial map discredits cement building with chimneys unless it's what, the building near Job Corps with the big smokestack? That building is still in use and I thought it was a power station. That's the only one that looks like it could fit the crematorium description. Possibly it was a former crematorium, since I've found other descriptions of the buildings at Ladd which include it in the list that haven't been written by 13 year olds who just saw the Craft.
2)If this was the only account of someone being in all the buildings and riding around on an ATV freely through the grounds and bringing all this attention to herself without being hassled by anyone, would you believe it if she said she had been in the tunnels? This is a person who has never seen the morgue there--otherwise there would be a story about it. Obviously if they just burn all the useless patients there's no need for a morgue, LOL
Lots of people think there are tunnels though, so maybe there is something to it, but how come no one has found them yet? I would find it hard to believe that there isn't a single map of Ladd that doesn't show tunnels (if in fact they do exist) because there is definitely a map of the NSH tunnels.
Also, actual crematoriums are apparently kind of rare these days. I would think if there's one that could be capable of functioning, it would still be in use. When my uncle died we had to ship him to another town because it apparently does most of the cremations for eastern CT, which is a little known fact. Also, did you know they have to heat the body to 1800 and crush to a powder what's left after that?
I did find a mention that Belchertown has tunnels that have been bricked or cemented up. This might sound weird, but if you can find a map of Belchertown tunnels or any other place on the net besides NSH, then you might be able to figure out whether there are tunnels at Ladd or not. Find a Belchertown map, no tunnels. No map...then there could still be tunnels at Ladd. Just my 2 cents.
I hide in the shadows and babble about old things. I appear to most new members of IB. I might beat you with my cane.
http://adventureswithmeg.weebly.com
http://meganmcgory.smugmug.com
http://meganmcgory.com
To add on to what Meg said, there are a couple of filled in wells on a trail behind Fogarty near the water treatment area, to the casual 13 year old neopet player it could be a double chimmneyed "underground crematorium". Near the entrance of Ladd off in the woods to the left there is also a cement platform which may have either been an old chimney or foundation, certainly not a secret underground building.
Out of the Closet
If you happen to have ground-penetrating radar equipment, you could find and map tunnels.
CarbonCavi
my friends mom worked at ladd many years up until its close. shes still a nurse currently for the state now. she says the stories listed above are FAR from true. The hospital building she says was the worst thing that happened there was the patients who were constantly playing with their fieces etc were left naked in the hospital building. the rest she said is someones attempt at a spooky story.
Im lethal from a 2nd gear roll.
donnabhain
InsaneKarma: +7/-25
Alot of the "horrible conditions" at state hospitals are made up by local kids trying to scare eachother with ghost stories. There were no rotting corpses in the hallways, no torture chambers, etc. Sure, they did labotomies and shock therapy . . and guess what? Although rare, they still do these in some cases! I had a friend who's mom had shock treatments only a couple years ago.
Anyway . . They had tons of blueprints in the basement at Met and they clearly showed the tunnels between buildings, so I assume if Ladd did have tunnels someone would know about it other than local kids with overactive imaginations. Didn't your mom ever tell you, "if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is".
http://www.iussa.org
Heres a pic of a possible "double chimmneyed underground building" in the woods at Ladd. BYOGPR-(bring your own ground penetrating radar)
P1000123.JPG (5785.72 kB, 4320x3240 - viewed 1012 times.)
Crematorium my ass!
Dakiel
The LADD tunnels are well hidden as they lead under the bay to Dutch Island,they are partially flooded. there is an offshoot that leads to Mercy Browns Grave but that was structurally unsound so i wouldn't risk it.
laddtunnels.jpg (91.73 kB, 800x600 - viewed 848 times.)
Don't worry, if you die....We'll make it.
Did you see any werewolves or lady gaga robots down there?
Jimmy Hoffa guards the entrance to these tunnels. you cant get past him tho. he carrys nunchucks
all joking aside, I heard Lady Gaga's next costume will be a replica of the Fogarty Building and guess where her tunnel is!
Lol, ok, you know I completely forgot about the crematorium near the Veteran's Cemetery. There's a washed out bridge to it if you're coming from Ladd. The concrete pipes for the bridge could resemble tunnels to a gullible person. Maybe that's where the rumor came from?
Now I'm more interested in the water treatment plant. There's this concrete tank with a "floating" top (so it calls itself). It's probably full of water but would be neat if it wasn't.
sewerRat21
Darkroom Junkie
Quote from: Chief on June 14, 2011, 07:12:26 PM
ive got 300m of climbing rope, asscenders, rappeling device, and harnesses... who wants to go exploring?
Re: Ladd School Tunnels (a hoax)
I'm tellin ya megs, gaga is a MAN . . i dont wanna think about that tunnel you'll need more than a rappeling device and harness
Shes not a man dude. Her new album sucks but she is on the hit list.
Whether Lady-Gaga-as-Ladd has 1 or 2 tunnels is almost irrelevant. lol
New album is different from the last but I do like both, although Scheiße is absolutely ridiculous. It makes me laugh so hard as I took German for 5 years (4 in high school, 1 in college) and not only does it not make any sense, but I don't understand how she could sing "Scheiße be mine," etc with a straight face. :-P
Katy Perry thinks she's pushing boundaries with blue hair? Gaga's like "suck it, I am going out today as the entire meat section from Big Y."
Having a hit song doesn't make her/him not a hermaphrodite I don't know what "bounderies" anyone pushes by wearing meat, it just looks like a ridiculous cry for attention. It's not even very original.
I'm gonna wear asbestos insulation next time I go exploring to show how extreme I am, maybe then my parents will love me .. I mean I'll get attentio . . I mean It'll show what an "artist" I am, yea that's it.
I don't know guys,
I remember seeing an underground tunnel-like structure near the morgue on the first floor hallway. It had like pipes and stuff in it though. It was about 4 ft wide? Crawling tunnel? lol
Onionswithnos
Lurker-Tourist
Sorry to necropost, BUT I have been in these so called tunnels.
This is going back to 2003(? 04?) so my memory is a little bit hazy, but what we found when we explored the place was more like an underground crawlspace. At the time, the hospital building was chained shut, but by removing some steel plates set on the entrance in front of the doors you could drop down into a crawlspace like set of tunnels, about 3'X3' and get into the hospital. I remember several pipes being attached to the walls and ceiling of the crawlspace.
These tunnels branched out everywhere underneath the hospital building, though I cannot say for sure if they went out to other buildings, I'd assume they did because some branched off and just kept going. We were short on time and security was already alert to our presence, so we made a quick pass through the hospital and took off.
So, yeah, there's tunnels, I don't know how many, or how far they go, but they are down there.
There are tunnels beneath Ladd. Steam tunnels, to small to even crawl in. nothing more than crawl spaces below buildings, and pipes running from building to building outside. there is nothing worth even trying to get into
^this
CS4 variant by Zushiba Based on http://www.adobe.com


High school non-theist groups are finally getting dedicated support from a national organization. Why are high schools resisting — and what does this mean for the future of atheism?
And his story is being repeated, with variations, around the country.
Atheist student groups have been organizing in colleges and universities for years, and their numbers are climbing at an astonishing rate. The Secular Student Alliance, an umbrella organization supporting non-theistic student groups, passed 250 affiliates this month — a number that has doubled in just two years. (Conflict of interest alert: I'm on the speaker's bureau for the Secular Student Alliance, and am colleagues/ friends with several people in the organization.) And for the most part, atheist groups at colleges and universities meet with little resistance, and in many cases get a fair degree of support, from school administrations — who are familiar with the laws in such matters, and often have clear diversity policies in place.
But at the beginning of 2011, the Secular Student Alliance began a program specifically devoted to supporting high school atheist groups. With the help of a grant from the Stiefel Freethought Foundation, they hired Eberhard, co-founder of the nationally- renowned atheist conference Skepticon (and of the Missouri State University Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, Skepticon's official host), as their dedicated high school campus organizer.
The efforts have been paying off. It took four years for the SSA to get just twelve high school groups affiliated with their organization. According to SSA Director of Campus Organizing Lyz Liddell, "We've had around 4-6 HS groups for most of the time we've been around, but there's been no consistency or sustainability until recently." But in just the first month since their dedicated high school program began, they have gained five new high school affiliates.
And while the SSA primarily supports its college and university groups through financial assistance, organizational advice and materials, access to a speaker's bureau, and so on, it's becoming increasingly clear that support for high school groups will need to be more aggressive. Gentle reminders about the law. Repeated gentle reminders about the law. Somewhat less gentle reminders about the law. Mediation. Media attention when the law is being defied. Possibly even legal action. It hasn't yet come to this last option, and the SSA hopes it won't have to. As SSA's Executive Director August Brunsman said, "While the law is certainly on our side, we would rather have social understanding than legal victory." But if legal action becomes necessary, the SSA is prepared to support atheist students, and their legal right to form clubs in high schools.
So why are students forming these groups, anyway?
We have a few families with high school students in our [atheist] group, but none of these students are "out" at school. I also have several High School teachers in the [city name redacted] Freethinkers, but almost every single one of them is afraid of anyone finding out they attend our [group] lest they lose their jobs; I'm having trouble imagining we could find a faculty adviser for students here.
I do want to make sure that SSA would be prepared to support kids who might face some serious consequences should they be willing to bravely take on leadership. I am fully confident SSA will do its homework on the legal side of things, but I'm more concerned about things like anonymous vandalism or family conflict and the kind of toll that might take on kids in a pretty isolated, rural environment. I deal with this all the time with local LGBT teens, but there aren't exactly 24-hour crisis hotlines for teenage atheists who get thrown out of their homes, etc. Since forming the Freethinkers, we've had several incidents of vandalism; I get hate emails all the time.
And even in the absence of overt anti-atheist hostility, and the need to band together for sanctuary and support in the face of it, there are plenty of reasons why atheists want to congregate — in high schools, or anywhere else. For many atheists, atheism is more than simply not believing in God: it's a positive humanist philosophy, valuing reason, compassion, evidence, ethics, and social justice in this world. These atheists want to congregate with others who share their values: for social support, to do charity and social justice work, or just to eat pizza and hang out. What's more, many atheists are actively engaged in countering religion and trying to persuade people out of it. As Eberhard, says, "Some view the conclusions of religion to be maladaptive and seek to generate public dialogue about the failings of faith." They want to change the way people think — and organizing makes that more effective.
In other words: Atheists — including high school atheists — form groups for the same reasons anyone does. Support in the face of hostility. The pleasure of spending time with people who share your ideas and values, and who like to do the same things you do. Greater visibility in the face of myths and bigotry. A more effective platform for getting your ideas into the world. A more effective platform for doing good work. Just plain fun. Humans are social animals. We like to hang out with other animals we have things in common with. Especially when other animals are being mean to us.
So why are so many high school administrators opposed to it?
"Fear of their communities is probably one thing," says Eberhard. "In many areas the superintendent is elected, and allowing an atheist group that is bound to get local attention is something that's bound to worry them. However, in most situations it seems like it's just their own personal aversion." Unsurprisingly, high school administrators have their own religious beliefs, and their own fears and misunderstandings about atheists. When coupled with fear of controversy, these beliefs and fears can generate resistance, stonewalling, delay tactics, outright intimidation, and the hope that if the problem is ignored for long enough, it will just go away.
But it's hard to escape the notion that, at least in part, high school atheist groups are meeting such strong resistance because — when it comes to atheism gaining ground in society — they could change the game.
It isn't surprising that people who are fearful about atheism in general would be fearful about atheist high school groups in particular. And since high school groups are so vulnerable, it isn't surprising that they would meet with stubborn opposition.
But what does this mean for Brian Lisco — and other high school atheists trying to organize?
For Lisco and his group, the news has been good. After eight months of stalling and delay tactics, his school abruptly gave him the SSA club… shortly after USA Today contacted them for comment on the matter. For other groups, who won't be able to count on national media attention to aid their cause, the battle for their legal right to organize without intimidation may be more uphill.
But they won't be fighting it alone.
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They check the source code of the page for meta data.
Google has answered this question many times. The official answer is that Google takes into account the title tag and meta description as well as the content on your page as well as information from other sources.
When someone performs a search and Google returns results, they decide on what to display as the title and description (they call this the snippet). They will choose what to display. This may include either the title tag or meta description you provided, or it may not. It's entirely their choice and it is an automated process that runs each time a search is performed. Their decision is partly based on the search itself and the content of the page. If Google feels that it can generate a better title and/or description than the one you've provided, they'll do so. Sometimes they do a great job with this, other times they don't.
SEO is all about influencing search engines. You cannot force a search engine to do what you want, and you cannot force search engines to use the meta data you provide. All you can do is influence them by setting good titles and descriptions that meet the quality guidelines specified by companies such as Google.
Always adhere to the quality guidelines specified by the search engines, including staying within the maximum number of characters allowed, and making sure every SEO title and description is unique (no duplicates are allowed).
As a follow-up question, we get asked why you should set a custom SEO title and description on every page/post if search engines aren't going to use them.
The answer is that this process is part of SEO, in fact it is a fundamental part of SEO. Search engines expect you to do this, and if you care about SEO then you must set good SEO titles and descriptions on every page/post. If you don't then you're not correctly optimizing your site for search engines.


text:
Clothes that make the character: some of films' most iconic outfits
by Jamie Davies
Culture, Fashion, Features, Film & TV
As Mark Twain famously stated: "Clothes make the man", and it doesn't take more than five minutes of walking down your average high street to see swathes of people proving him right: from tracksuits to three-piece suits; battered boots to brogues; and beanies to bowler hats. People are the image they present to the world, and that image—like it or not—is first and foremost determined by fashion.
In much the same way, many of history's most recognisable TV and film characters would be nothing if not for their (or rather, their costume designer's) clothing choices. Let's take a look at some of our favourite characters that are made iconic by their outfits.
As far as most viewers are concerned, Mary Poppins as portrayed by Julie Andrews in the 1964 Disney classic is the only 'real' version of the character out there. Forget about the three decades of books that preceded it, or the recent remake: Poppins was well and truly immortalised by Mrs Andrews.
So much of the character's lasting appeal comes from her legendary —and dynamic— array of outfits: the image of Andrews in that iconic black overcoat, flower-adorned hat and striped scarf is perhaps the most recognisable of the entire film. And of course, it goes without saying that her flying umbrella and bottomless bag are among the most famous movie props of all time.
From the creepiest fedora of the 80s to the coolest. Indy is everything we wish we could be: brave, intelligent, smooth, righteous and as attractive as a younger Harrison Ford. What's more, this archaeologist/Nazi fighting hero does it all while pulling off an outfit that wouldn't look out of place on an elderly man.
What does fast fashion actually mean?
An almost entirely brown and beige combination of worn leather jacket, fedora, tattered shoulder bag and khakis? On paper, the outfit is less adventurer, more pensioner; and yet, thanks to the character's irresistible charm and that trusty whip, the ensemble comes together as one of cinema's all-time classics.
Freddy Kreuger
If that 'charity shop reject' look of torn-up stripy jumper and battered fedora doesn't send you running off like an Olympic sprinter on a caffeine high, then a glove with knives for fingers certainly will. Kreuger's signature look takes an everyday—albeit unstylish—outfit and transforms it into the stuff of nightmares with a little help from Robert Englund in a career defining performance.
His genre counterparts (Jason Voorhees, Michael Myers, Leatherface and co.) may be just as iconic, but take away their masks and that quickly stops being the case. With Freddy, there is no single component of his outfit that you could remove that would shatter his recognisable image — as much as that jumper deserves to be torn away and thrown onto a fire.
There aren't many people out there who can put in such little effort and still achieve a look as iconic as The Dude's. In The Big Lebowski, the Coen Brothers' cult classic, Jeff Bridges plays the quintessential slacker: found wandering up and down supermarket aisles in a loose fitting t-shirt, faded dressing gown and worn-out sandals.
If the legendary layabout needs to class up a tad—say, to hit the bowling alley or chase down a stolen rug—then he might don his patterned zip-up jumper, contrastingly patterned pyjama bottoms and white trainers. Whatever the occasion, there's one thing The Dude will never be without: those sunglasses; the cherry on top of this slacker sundae.
Inside India's sustainable fashion boom
Take an old and disfigured Anakin Skywalker; place him inside a badass black suit of robot armour with the voice of James Earl Jones, and voila: you've got the most fearsome villain cinema (and the galaxy) has ever seen. Vader's elaborate getup has him dominating any scene he's in; and with that iconic mask, the character's existing air of menace and mystery is multiplied ten-fold. There's a reason the most famous Star Wars villain is plastered over more pieces of merchandise than the Nike logo: his image is a near universal symbol for badass villany.
It's funny to think that, for all the villainous and morally shaky characters on this list, it's the innocent farm girl that committed a crime for her most iconic accessory: those ruby-red slippers. Snatched off the freshly squashed Wicked Witch of the East, the magical teleporting shoes both cap off the plot and Dorothy's country-girl look. Her checkered blue and white blouse is recognisable in its own right, but without the shoes, the outfit doesn't quite reach iconic status.
The flowing, black trench coats; buckled up boots and distinct sunglasses of The Matrix became staples of early-2000s fashion which would grow to define the era. Teenagers—and probably too many adults—all over the world would don their own all-black attire, inspired by The Matrix's cast and certain that leather outfits were a cool fashion choice (hint: they aren't). At the centre of the film's influence on fashion is one figure: Neo. Played by Keanu Reeves in what—at the time—was his career's most drastic departure from the stoner-comedy days of Bill and Ted; Reeves' performance was a sure sign that he had the chops to pull off the lead role in an action flick long before John Wick made that an undeniable fact.
How to find your own sense of style
Okay, okay. I know Croft is technically a video game character; but, after three films, I'd say she's earned entry into the 'movie character club', wouldn't you? This daring adventurer has stolen more teenage boys' hearts than treasures in her time thanks to her infamously enticing—yet wholly impractical—combination of tank top, short shorts and ankle-high boots.
At the very least, the Tomb Raider lead character's iconic dual pistols somewhat make up for the paltry amount of protection her outfit provides. Still, if it were me fighting all manner of wildlife, mercenaries and supernatural forces, I'd at least want some sleeves.
With passions ranging from running, to gaming and a little bit of music somewhere inbetween. Jamie wants to learn a little bit about everything in an effort to prove his theory that even life's mundanities are hiding fascinating secrets.
Starring Jamie Foxx, Tina Fey, Graham Norton, Rachel House, Alice Braga. Directed by Pete Docter. Pixar's latest movie comes at us on the streaming service… Read More »Soul Review – Pixar animation is full of life and culture
I hope this list finds you very well, rested and ready for a brand new year. The podcasts on it aren't necessarily 2021 box fresh,… Read More »New podcasts for a new year
Here's what to look out for on the big (and small) screen this year.
Tags:fashionstar wars