text:
Wharram Percy is de locatie van een verlaten middeleeuws dorpje in een kleine vallei in de Yorkshire Wolds in het noordoosten van Engeland. De locatie ligt op ongeveer anderhalve kilometer ten zuiden van Wharram le Street en is aangegeven door middel van borden vanaf de B1248, de weg van Beverley naar Malton.

Wharram Percy is waarschijnlijk het bekendste 'verlaten middeleeuwse dorp' in Engeland, hoewel er verschillende anderen zijn die in een vergelijkbaar goede staat verkeren. Het dorp werd in 1948 ontdekt met behulp van luchtfotografie door de Engelse historicus professor Maurice W. Beresford (1920-2005), van de Universiteit van Leeds. Beresford wordt in Engeland gezien als de pionier op het gebied van het onderzoek van verlaten middeleeuwse dorpen. In Engeland zijn ondertussen ongeveer drieduizend van dit soort dorpen ontdekt.

De reden voor de bekendheid van Wharram Percy heeft te maken met het feit dat het in de periode van 1950 tot 1990 iedere zomer werd onderzocht door teams van archeologen, historici en zelfs botanici. In 41 seizoenen van zo'n drie weken per jaar was Wharram Percy het toneel van een bonte verzameling van soms meer dat honderd studenten, onderzoekers en vrijwilligers uit de hele wereld. Het Nederlands contingent bestond voornamelijk uit vrijwilligers, veelal studenten archeologie, van de Nederlandse Jeugdbond voor Geschiedenis (NJBG).
De organisatie van het Wharram Percy Research Project was in handen van archeoloog Dr. John Hurst (1928-2003). Hurst werkte voor de Monumenten inspectie van het Engelse ministerie voor Milieu en Monumentenzorg (Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government) en was een autoriteit op het gebied van het vasteland naar Engeland geïmporteerd middeleeuws aardewerk.

Wharram Percy kent een lange geschiedenis. Bij opgravingen werden onder andere sporen van Romeinse-Britse bebouwing aangetroffen. Onderzoek toont aan dat het dorp ook in de daarop volgende eeuwen bewoond is geweest. Aan het einde van de veertiende eeuw bestond het dorp uit ongeveer 30 huizen. Het dorp van Wharram Percy werd begin zestiende eeuw verlaten. Als gevolg van veranderende graanprijzen en lonen in gaven landeigenaren de voorkeur aan de veeteelt, met name de schaaphouderij, over de traditionele landbouw. Het laatste geschreven document dat betrekking heeft op haar bewoners is uit 1517 toen voorbereidingen werden getroffen om de landeigenaar aan te klagen voor het uitzetten van vier families om ruimte te maken voor een schaaphouderij.

Wharram Percy is tegenwoordig onder beheer van de Engelse monumentenzorg, English Heritage. Hoewel alleen de vervallen kerk van Sint Martin eenvoudig herkenbaar in het landschap slaat zijn de omtrekken van een groot aantal van de voormalige gebouwen van het dorp in de omgeving gemarkeerd.

Lange afstand wandelroutes zoals de Yorkshire Wolds Way en de Pennine Way passeren het dorp aan de oostzijde.

Referenties

 Wharram Percy, deserted medieval village, M.Beresford, J.Hurst, uitgave van English Heritage, 1990
 Deserted Vilages, T.Rowley, J.Wood, 1982

Externe links
 Wharram Percy Village Wharram Percy, English Heritage
 Wharram Percy door de voormalige hoofdgids van Wharram Percy Research Project

Plaats in North Yorkshire
Geschiedenis van Yorkshire and the Humber


text:
Thursday, 27 June 2019, 13:48 HKT/SGT
Source: Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota Releases Sales, Production, and Export Results
Toyota City, Japan, June 27, 2019 - (JCN Newswire) - Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) announces its sales, production, and export results for May 2019, including those for subsidiaries Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. and Hino Motors, Ltd.
Sales Results
- Worldwide sales: Second consecutive month of increase
- Sales inside of Japan (Incl. minivehicles): Second consecutive month of increase
- Sales outside of Japan: Second consecutive month of increase
Production Results
- Worldwide production: Second consecutive month of increase
- Production inside of Japan: Fifth consecutive month of increase
- Production outside of Japan: Second consecutive month of increase
Exports Results
- Fifth consecutive month of increase
About Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is the global mobility company that introduced the Prius hybrid-electric car in 1997 and the first mass-produced fuel cell sedan, Mirai, in 2014. Headquartered in Toyota City, Japan, Toyota has been making cars since 1937. Today, Toyota proudly employs 370,000 employees in communities around the world. Together, they build around 10 million vehicles per year in 29 countries, from mainstream cars and premium vehicles to mini-vehicles and commercial trucks, and sell them in more than 170 countries under the brands Toyota, Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino. For more information, please visit www.toyota-global.com.
Public Affairs Division
June 27, 2019 13:48 HKT/SGT
Topic: Press release summary
Sectors: Automotive
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July 16, 2019 13:19 HKT/SGT
Toyota Shifts Production Plans at Its Alabama Joint Venture Plant
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DENSO and Toyota Agree to Establish a Joint Venture for Research and Advanced Development of Next-generation, In-vehicle Semiconductors
July 4, 2019 14:54 HKT/SGT
TOYOTA GAZOO Racing to Commence Sales of GR Supra GT4 in 2020
NEDO, Sharp, and Toyota to Begin Public Road Trials of Electrified Vehicles Equipped with High-efficiency Solar Batteries
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Description: 1894th-GRAVEYARD is the story of PATENT PROTECTED new escape game developed by ENA GAME STUDIO. We found the original patent part from the library and entrance of the grave. Now we are inside a graveyard to find the main components of the project. This place looks very dangerous. Anyhow Let's go and search for it to close this case. Search for hidden objects and find the clues. Have fun and greater excitement on playing our escape games.


text:
\section{Introduction \label{sec:Hamiltonian}}

Access to a universally agreed global standard time is of great importance to many technologies such as data transfer networks, financial trading, airport traffic control, rail transportation networks, telecommunication networks, the global positioning system (GPS) and long baseline interferometry \cite{sundararaman2005clock}. To achieve this, clock synchronization is a fundamental task such that a network of clocks can be established, from which one can locally interrogate to obtain a common reference time. Classically, when special relativity is taken into account, there are two basic methods to synchronize clocks: Einstein synchronization \cite{einstein1905} and Eddington's slow clock transport \cite{eddington1924}.  In view of the superb stabilities that the next generation of atomic clocks are achieving \cite{ludlow2015optical}, the question of how best to synchronize clocks with high precision is one that must be addressed.  To address this demand, methods based on both ideas have been proposed for the accurate synchronization of clocks: time transfer laser links for the Einstein protocol \cite{samain2008time,samain2015time,giovannett2001,quan2016}, and quantum adaptations of Eddington's protocol \cite{chuang2000,zhang2004,burgh2005,tavakoli2015}.  A third method of clock synchronization, based on quantum entanglement, was proposed by Jozsa and co-workers which is independent of the relative locations or properties of the intervening medium  \cite{jozsa2000}. It uses shared prior entanglement between two clocks located at different spatial locations for synchronization. The original two party synchronization protocol \cite{jozsa2000,yurtsever2002,burt2001,jozsa2001} has been extended to multi-parties \cite{krco2002,benav2011,ren2012,komar2014}. Several experimental verifications of the protocol have been reported \cite{valencia2004,quan2016,zhang2004,kong2017}.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig1}
	\caption{The situation considered for asynchronous quantum clock synchronization. Charlie distributes entangled singlet states to Alice and Bob, in his basis convention.  The entangled states are susceptible to noise, and become mixed on arrival at Alice and Bob's locations.  Alice and Bob have unsynchronized clocks, and also have different basis conventions for the coherent superpositions of the logical states $ |0 \rangle $ and $ | 1 \rangle $. By purifying many entangled qubits, the aim is to synchronize Alice and Bob's clocks. }
	\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

One major outstanding issue with many quantum clock synchronization (QCS) protocols is that they implicitly assume a common time reference \cite{preskill2000,yurtsever2002,burgh2005}.  The origin of this problem is that without the availability of synchronized clocks between Alice and Bob, definitions of superposition states of qubits such as $ (| 0 \rangle + | 1 \rangle )/\sqrt{2} $ are defined only up to a phase convention that is defined locally.  Worse still, any quantum algorithm that Alice and Bob execute may require careful synchronization in order to not introduce additional phases due to precession of the qubits.  This problem affects both quantum versions of Eddington and entanglement based schemes \cite{burgh2005,preskill2000,yurtsever2002}.  Proposals to overcome this issue have been proposed for Eddington schemes have been introduced, which require a two-way exchange of clock qubits \cite{burgh2005}.  This however involves sending clock qubit atoms (e.g. Cs, Rb, Sr) between the two parties, which is highly challenging for long-distance intercontinental or space-based communications.  In view of photonic long-distance space-based entanglement distribution now being demonstrated \cite{yin2017,ren2017ground}, a protocol compatible with this technology is most desirable. For example, long-distance entanglement could be first generated using photons, then stored on qubits where the clocks are present, then the QCS protocol of Ref. \cite{jozsa2000} can be executed.  We henceforth refer to the scheme of Ref. \cite{jozsa2000} when discussing ``QCS''.

We show in this paper, contrary to previous arguments \cite{preskill2000}, that it is possible to produce an entangled state with controlled phase without Alice and Bob having any knowledge of each other's clocks.  The main observation is that the full distillation protocol as originally given by Bennett and co-workers \citep{bennett1996,bennett1996b} including random bilateral rotations ensures that the singlet state is produced, with respect to the {\it local basis choice}.
Once this is prepared, it is possible to execute the original QCS protocol of Ref. \cite{jozsa2000}, despite the presence of additional phases, differing basis conventions, and noise. We assume that Alice and Bob do have clocks ticking at the correct frequency, such that they can keep track of the precession for the duration of the algorithm, but the clocks have in general a relative time offset (the clocks are syntonized but not synchronized) \cite{burt2001comment}.  The combination of the entanglement purification and the QCS allows for a completely asynchronous synchronization protocol for clocks, completing the scheme of Ref. \cite{jozsa2000}.

Suppose the singlet state
\begin{align}
|\psi^- \rangle^{(C)}   =\frac{|1 \rangle_{A}^{(C)} | 0 \rangle_{B}^{(C)}   - |0 \rangle_{A}^{(C)}  | 1\rangle_{B}^{(C)}   }{\sqrt{2}}
\label{idealsinglet}
\end{align}
is prepared and sent by Charlie to Alice and Bob.  Here the definitions of the states are with respect to Charlie's basis convention, which may be different to Alice and Bob's. Thus the state $ | 0 \rangle_{A}^{(C)} $ means a qubit state in Alice's possession, in the basis convention of Charlie, and so on.  We assume that Alice, Bob, and Charlie all have different basis conventions, which we can relate according to $| \sigma \rangle^{(A)}  = e^{-i \theta_{\sigma}^{(A)} } | \sigma \rangle^{(C)}$, $| \sigma \rangle^{(B)} = e^{-i \theta_{\sigma}^{(B)} } | \sigma \rangle^{(C)}$,
where $ \sigma \in \{ 0,1\} $. If the bases are transformed consistently using the same convention globally, then the state (\ref{idealsinglet}) is invariant, for example
\begin{align}
|\psi^- \rangle^{(B)}   = \frac{|1 \rangle_{A}^{(B)} | 0 \rangle_{B}^{(B)}   - |0 \rangle_{A}^{(B)}  | 1\rangle_{B}^{(B)}   }{\sqrt{2}},
\end{align}
where we chose the irrelevant global phase $ \theta_0^{(B)} + \theta_1^{{(B)}} = 0 $ for simplicity. However, as pointed out by Ref. \cite{preskill2000}, without the availability of synchronized clocks, it is not possible for Alice and Bob to know about their mutual basis conventions.  Thus the appropriate basis to view the state is in Alice and Bob's respective local bases
\begin{align}
& |\psi^- \rangle^{(\text{loc})} =  \nonumber \\
& \frac{ |1 \rangle_{A}^{(A)} | 0 \rangle_{B}^{(B)} - e^{i (\theta_{0}^{(A)} + \theta_{1}^{(B)} -\theta_{1}^{(A)} -\theta_{0}^{(B)} ) } |0 \rangle_{A}^{(A)}  | 1\rangle_{B}^{(B)} }{\sqrt{2}}.
\end{align}
We emphasize that $|\psi^- \rangle^{(\text{loc})} = |\psi^- \rangle^{(B)}  = |\psi^- \rangle^{(C)} $ are all in fact the same state, but they appear different due to different conventions. The effect of Alice and Bob choosing different basis conventions is equivalent to having an unknown relative phase in the singlet \cite{preskill2000,burgh2005}. We may define the relative difference between the basis choices of Alice and Bob by defining a rotation operator $U^{(AB)} | \sigma \rangle^{(B)} = | \sigma \rangle^{(A)}$, $U^{(BA)} | \sigma \rangle^{(A)}  = | \sigma \rangle^{(B)} $
which in this case is $U^{(AB)} = {U^{(BA)}}^\dagger = e^{i \sum_\sigma ( \theta_\sigma^{(B)} - \theta_\sigma^{(A)})|\sigma \rangle \langle \sigma |}$.
Operators then transform as
\begin{align}
O^{(A)} = U^{(AB)} O^{(B)} {U^{(AB)}}^\dagger
\label{operatortrans}
\end{align}
and similarly for Bob's operators.

In addition to the different basis conventions, when Alice and Bob perform their entanglement purification circuit, they will not know precisely when the other starts their first quantum operation.  Due to the precession of the qubits, there will be an additional phase offset in the singlet state, which without loss of generality we can attribute to Alice's side.  Hence the arriving singlet will have a form in the local basis (up to a global phase)
\begin{align}
\label{eq:p11}
\left|\psi^-_\varphi\right>^{(\text{loc})} & = T | \psi^- \rangle^{(\text{loc})} \nonumber \\
& =  \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} ( |1 \rangle_{A}^{(A)} | 0 \rangle_{B}^{(B)}  - e^{i \varphi } |0 \rangle_{A}^{(A)}  | 1\rangle_{B}^{(B)} ),
\end{align}
where the time delay operator is
\begin{align}
T = e^{-i\omega \delta t |1\rangle \langle 1 |},
\end{align}
$ \varphi = \theta_{0}^{(A)} + \theta_{1}^{(B)} -\theta_{1}^{(A)} - \theta_{0}^{(B)} - \omega \delta t $, and $ \delta t $ is the time difference between Alice and Bob's first quantum operation.

Furthermore, in addition to the systematic error introduced by the different basis conventions and time offset, there may be a stochastic error which reduces the purity of the state.  We model this process using the noisy channel with both bit and phase flips, which for our state will appear as
\begin{align}
\label{eq:02}
\left|\psi^-_\varphi\right>^{(\text{loc})} & \left<\psi^-_\varphi\right|^{(\text{loc})}  \rightarrow \rho_\varphi^{(\text{loc})} \nonumber \\
& = \frac{p}{4} I + (1 - p ) \left|\psi^-_\varphi\right>^{(\text{loc})} \left<\psi^-_\varphi\right|^{(\text{loc})},
\end{align}
where $p$ is the probability that error will be introduced on sending the qubit through a noisy channel to Alice and Bob, and $ I $ is the $ 4 \times 4 $ identity matrix. We assume that $ N $ imperfect Bell pairs (\ref{eq:02}) are shared between Alice and Bob, and $ \varphi $ is unknown to both of them.  The task is then to achieve clock synchronization by first purifying the above state to a sufficiently high fidelity, then executing the QCS protocol without knowledge of any shared timing information.

We first argue, using quantum circuit methods, that it is possible to perform entanglement purification such that a singlet state is obtained in the local basis. In the originally conceived form of entanglement purification \cite{bennett1996,bennett1996b}, the bilateral random unitary rotations and the Bell state comparison are performed synchronously, and also using the same basis convention throughout. In the context of QCS this cannot be performed, and instead the modified quantum circuit as shown in Fig. \ref{fig2}(a) will be executed. The noisy Bell states arriving will have a phase offset $ T $ which takes into account of any time delay between Alice and Bob's first operations.  Alice and Bob will furthermore execute the algorithm in their {\it local} basis conventions. We now deduce the effect of this circuit. We can rewrite the circuit in a form closer to the original, by applying the basis rotation (\ref{operatortrans}) around all the operators, and adding $ T^\dagger T = I $, which gives Fig. \ref{fig2}(b). After the first five operations of Alice in Fig. \ref{fig2}(b), and working in the common basis of Bob, Alice's random unitaries  are  transformed as $ T^\dagger {U^{(BA)}}^\dagger  R_A^{(B)} U^{(BA)} T $. This is the same as the standard bilateral rotations except that Alice's operations are transformed to a different basis.
The state that results at this point of the circuit is the Werner state
\begin{align}
\rho_{\text W} & =  F |\psi^-_\varphi \rangle \langle \psi^-_\varphi | + \frac{1 - F}{3} ( I - |\psi^-_\varphi \rangle \langle \psi^-_\varphi | ).
\label{eq:09}
\end{align}
where $| \psi^-_\varphi \rangle  = T^\dagger {U^{(BA)}}^\dagger | \psi^- \rangle^{(B)} $.  At this point the states have an extra phase offset, but immediately after the bilateral rotation, the circuit operates with $ U^{(BA)} T $, which exactly cancels this extra factor (note the opposite operator ordering conventions for quantum circuits and equation form).  At this point we have a Werner state in Bob's basis, with various circuit elements all in Bob's basis.  The purification thus proceeds as originally conceived, purifying towards the state $  | \psi^- \rangle^{(B)}  $.  Finally, there is one extra  $ U^{(AB)}_A $ at the end of the circuit which completes the whole procedure.   The state that the purification thus converges to is thus
\begin{align}
\left|\psi^-_{\varphi=0}\right>^{(\text{loc})} &  = U^{(AB)}_A | \psi^- \rangle^{(B)} \nonumber \\
& = \frac{|1 \rangle_{A}^{(A)} | 0 \rangle_{B}^{(B)}   - |0 \rangle_{A}^{(A)}  | 1\rangle_{B}^{(B)}   }{\sqrt{2}} .
\label{localbasissinglet}
\end{align}
Thus starting from the state with an extra phase (\ref{eq:02}), the entanglement purification has converged to the singlet state with respect to the local basis choice with no relative phase $\varphi = 0$. The state (\ref{localbasissinglet}) is exactly as desired, since any measurements that will be made on this state will be in the local basis choice.  Alice and Bob would then measure this state in their local basis choice, which does not contain any extra phases as discussed in Ref. \cite{preskill2000}.  The QCS protocol then proceeds as described in Ref. \citep{jozsa2000}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig2}
		\caption{The quantum circuit for entanglement purification. Due to the lack of synchronized clocks between
		Alice and Bob, the basis choice for the circuit elements by each party will be in their respective bases, labeled by $ (A,B) $.  (a) The circuit as performed by Alice and Bob; (b) an equivalent circuit where all circuit elements have been transformed to the same basis choice.  $ {\cal B} = R_A \otimes R_B $ are random bilateral rotations which are predecided by Alice and Bob, $ U^{AB} $ transforms from Bob's basis convention to Alice's, $ T $ includes the effect of a time delay between the start of Alice and Bob's operations.  }
		\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

This result can be also calculated by direct application of the bilateral rotations as shown in the Appendix.  Starting from the state $ \rho = p I/4 + (1-p)| \psi^-_\varphi \rangle^{(\text{loc})} \langle \psi^-_\varphi |^{(\text{loc})}$, we explicitly calculate that the bilateral rotations produce the state
\begin{align}
& \rho_{\text W}'  = I \frac{p}{4} + (1 -p ) \left|\psi^-_{\varphi = 0}\right>^{(\text{loc})} \left<\psi^-_{\varphi = 0}\right|^{(\text{loc})} \cos^2\left(\frac{\varphi}{2}\right) \nonumber \\
&  + \frac{1 - p}{3} \left[I - \left|\psi^-_{\varphi = 0}\right>^{(\text{loc})} \left<\psi^-_{\varphi = 0}\right|^{(\text{loc})} \right]\sin^2\left(\frac{\varphi}{2}\right) . \label{eq:08}
\end{align}
The fidelity calculated using (\ref{eq:08}) agrees with that calculated from (\ref{eq:02}) which gives $F = \langle \psi^- | \rho_\varphi |\psi^-\rangle = \frac{p}{4} + (1 - p)\cos^2\left(\frac{\varphi}{2}\right)$ since singlet states are invariant under bilateral rotations.The fidelity $ F $ contains an extra phase factor originating from the combination of the time delay and the different basis conventions.   Since (\ref{eq:08}) is in the local basis as desired, the remaining part of the purification proceeds in the regular way.

The above result removes an outstanding issue of the QCS protocol. What can we expect from a future implementation of QCS? To answer this we estimate the competitiveness of the QCS protocol in comparison to existing schemes.   Currently the most accurate long-distance clock synchronization protocols are microwave-based GPS and Two-way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) \cite{allan1980accurate,kirchner1999two}, which achieve synchronizations at the level of 1 ns.  The next generation laser based methods aim to improve this to the level of 100 ps \cite{samain2008time,samain2015time}. The fundamental sources of error in the QCS protocol will be due to the imperfect entanglement that is distributed between Alice and Bob, and the quantum noise due to the standard quantum limit in the QCS protocol itself (see Appendix).  We estimate that the error in the QCS obeys a relation
\begin{align}
\delta t = \frac{1}{\omega} \sqrt{ \frac{2^n}{N} + 1 -F_n}
\end{align}
where $ \omega $ is the clock frequency, $ N $ is the number of available Bell pairs for QCS, $ n $ is the number of rounds of purification performed, and $ F_n $ is the fidelity of the Bell pairs after $ n $ rounds of purification.  In Fig. \ref{fig3}(a) we see that there is an optimum number of purification rounds.  This occurs because there is a trade-off between improving the fidelity of the Bell pairs by purification, and consuming Bell pairs for purification.  Using this optimum number of purification rounds, we obtain the level of accuracy expected in the QCS algorithm in Fig. \ref{fig3}(b).  As expected one obtains an improvement in performance with both $ N $ and $ F_0 $.  Taking currently achievable estimates for parameters  we have $ F_0 \approx 0.9 $ and $ N = 10^5 $ \cite{yin2017,ren2017ground}, and using the Cs clock transition frequency the timescale is set by $ \omega_{\text{Cs}}^{-1} = 17 $ ps, from which we obtain $ \delta t \approx 2 $ ps, a considerable improvement over classical schemes. Naturally, using larger numbers of Bell states and atoms with higher frequency clock transitions (e.g. Sr) one will obtain further improvements.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{fig3}
		\caption{Accuracy of the QCS protocol. (a) The error in the QCS for  various numbers of available entangled Bell pairs $N$ as marked and $ F_0 = 0.9 $, as a function of purification rounds $ n $.  (b) Optimized error versus $ N $ for various initial fidelities $ F_0 $ as marked.  }
		\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

In summary, we have shown that using entanglement distillation it is possible for Alice and Bob to share a singlet state in their local basis, despite not having any information about their mutual basis conventions, and including any time offset between execution of their quantum gates.  The key ingredient is the incorporation of bilateral random unitaries in the entanglement purification protocol, which was not included in Ref. \cite{jozsa2000,preskill2000}.  This produces a Werner state in the local basis, and ``fixes'' the basis to a particular choice. This solves a major existing issue in the QCS protocol, where it was previously thought that synchronized clocks are required to perform the purification.  We have estimated the error of the protocol and found that it should have a performance that is considerably better than existing classical Einstein synchronization based schemes.  Here we only examined the same basic protocol as given in Ref. \cite{jozsa2000}, which has errors scaling as the standard quantum limit $ \propto 1/\sqrt{N} $.  Using collective states of the $ N $ Bell pairs should further improve the errors further to beat the standard quantum limit.  We envision that the QCS would be particularly useful in the context of the space-based quantum network \cite{yin2017,ren2017ground,byrnes2017}, where satellites are each in possession of an high-precision clock. Such entanglement based schemes are a powerful way to synchronize clocks without the use of a classical channel containing the timing information, which is susceptible to fluctuations in the atmosphere.

The authors thank John Preskill for discussions. T. B. is supported by the Shanghai Research Challenge Fund; New York University Global Seed Grants for Collaborative Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61571301); the Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. D1210036A); and the NSFC Research Fund for International Young Scientists (Grant No. 11650110425); NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai; and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 17ZR1443600). J. P. D. would like to acknowledge support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Office, the Defense Advanced Funding Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the Northrop-Grumman Corporation. E. O. I. O. acknowledges the  Talented Young Scientists Program (NGA-16-001) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Jury trial was an early development of the English common law. Under the Magna Carta, which was implemented in 1215, no freeman could be detained and incarcerated unless he had been judged by his peers. As such, to decide, on reasonable grounds, who was deemed as suitable to be tried, a group of freemen from the area where the crime was committed would be brought together to examine the facts of the case and establish whether the charges had any merits. Hence, the grand jury was created as a check against arbitrary prosecution by a judge who might be co-opted by the power elite. The notion of the grand jury was transported by the early settlers of the American colonies. Later on, with the ratification of Bill of Rights in 1791, the first ten amendments to the American Constitution, the Fifth and Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantee the right to a jury trial for all defendants accused of serious crimes. However, it is important to examine jury trials and race.
The exclusion of blacks from jury trials made it impossible to achieve justice in the courts, especially southern courts. Nevertheless, the courts did not see it as necessary or desirable to abandon the jury trials. Eventually, there were some attempts by the government to eliminate the many barriers that prevented blacks' participation in the legal system and the rights of blacks to serve as jurors. However, the justice system continued to overlook peremptory challenges and for many years; there were two competing views among the Supreme Court Justices on whether a juror's race might sway his or her view of a case. It was not until 1986, in the landmark case of Batson v. Kentucky, that the Court claimed that the equal protection clause prohibits a prosecutor in criminal cases from using his peremptory strikes against a potential juror on the basis of race. Since this decision by the court, many defendants have raised the issue of race discrimination in the use of peremptory challenges. The Court extended Batson v. Kentucky to a variety of related cases.
In the same year, in the case of Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co, the Court held that a private party in a civil action might raise peremptory challenges on the basis of race by defendants' attorneys in criminal cases. As such, in Edmonson v. Leesville, Justice Kennedy concluded that our ''progress as a multiracial democracy'' authorizes that public prosecutor ''satisfy themselves of a jury's impartiality without using skin color as a test.'' Although Kennedy's position, during this period, coincided with the majority of the Justices' views, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor took the opposite view. She contended that race should never be relevant in jury trials, but we cannot delude ourselves ''of the painful social reality that, sometimes, it may be.'' In the 1992 Georgia v. McCallum decision, the Court prohibited the exercise of peremptory challenges on the basis of race by defense attorneys in criminal cases.
In the end, concerns about jury trails and race remain a huge element of America's justice system. Many minorities are angered because of white juries' verdicts in the acquittal of white defendants of crimes against racial minorities. The Rodney King's trial is a case in point. SHERROW O. PINDER References and Further Reading Foner, Eric. Reconstruction America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1988.
Haden, George, Joseph Senna, and Larry Siegel., Prosecutorial Discretion in Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Investigation of Information Use in the Massachusetts Jury Selection, New England Law Review 13 (1978):768.
In the same year, in the case of Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co, the Court held that a private party in a civil action might raise peremptory challenges on the basis of race by defendants' attorneys in criminal cases. As such, in Edmonson v. Leesville, Justice Kennedy concluded that our ''progress as a multiracial democracy'' authorizes that public prosecutor ''satisfy themselves of a jury's impartiality without using skin color as a test.'' Although Kennedy's position, during this period, coincided with the majority of the Justices' views, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor took the opposite view. She contended that race should never be relevant in jury trials, but we cannot delude ourselves ''of the painful social reality that, sometimes, it may be.'' In the 1992 Georgia v. McCallum decision, the Court prohibited the exercise of peremptory challenges on the basis of race by defense attorneys in criminal cases. In the end, concerns about jury trails and race remain a huge element of America's justice system. Many minorities are angered because of white juries' verdicts in the acquittal of white defendants of crimes against racial minorities. The Rodney King's trial is a case in point.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1988.
Investigation of Information Use in the Massachusetts Jury Selection, New England Law Review 13 (1978):768.
Siegel, Larry, and Joseph Senna. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, a Division of Thomas Learning, 2004.


text:
Askias grav i byen Gao i Mali, er bygget i 1490'erne, og formodes at være gravstedet til den første kejser i songhairiget, Askia Mohammad 1. Verdensarvsstedet omfatter det pyramideformede gravminde, to moskéer med flade tage, en gravplads og et forsamlingsområde.

Pyramiden, som er 17 m høj, er den højeste bygning i regionen fra førindustriel tid. Området og anlægget er et udmærket eksempel på sahelregionens traditionelle lerbyggeteknik, og er også det ældste eksempel på en islamisk arkitektur som efterhånden spredte sig i regionen.

Anlægget er beskyttet med hjemmel i lov, og er fremdeles i levende brug, både som moské og som byen Gaos kulturcenter.

Bygningerne vedligeholdes og videreudvikles. Moskeerne blev udvidet på 1960- og 1970'erne, og i 1999 blev der opført et gærde omkring området. Pyramiden fik indlagt elektricitet omkring 2000 for at betjene ventilation, lys og en højtaler på taget.

Efter Tuaregoprøret i Mali i 2012 udtrykte UNESCO bekymring for Askias grav og satte stedet på sin liste over Verdensarvsområder i fare.

Askia Mohammed
Kejser Askia Mohammad 1. (1442–1538) var den første i sit dynasti. Han var oprindelig officer, og tog magten i 1493 efter at Sonni Ali Bers søn Sonni Baru nægtede at erklære sig som muslim. Askia Mohammed var en dygtig militær strateg, og udvidede Songhais grænser og forsvarsevne. Han var en from muslim, og rejste på pilgrimsrejse til Mekka i 1496. Der blev han også udnævnt til Kalif over Sudan af den sidste abbasid-kalif, hvilket gav Askia en stærkere legitimitet.

Han blev afsat af sin søn Askia Musa i 1528. Da var han over 80 år gammel. Da han døde i 1538 blev han muligvis gravlagt i Askias grav, muligvis ikke. Gravpyramiden indeholder uanset ingen andre grave, men flere fra samme dynasti hviler på gravpladsen på området.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 UNESCO Evaluation of Askia (pdf)
 Biografier over afrikanske herskere

Verdensarvsområder i Afrika
Malis historie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nuget Apikey does not work for "nuget list"
This jira is for information only.
Nuget Apikey does not work for some nuget commands like "nuget list". This is not a bug on Artifactory, but it is how it is designed in nuget client.
According to Nuget (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/tools/nuget-exe-cli-reference), the APIKey is only supported for a few commands like 'nuget push'. Artifactory knows how to consume the API Key when the nuget client sends it. However, Artifactory cannot use the key if the nuget client does not send it.


text:
Fan Forum > TV Shows - Past > Everwood > Best Episodes of Season Two of Everwood
View Poll Results: What Were The Three Best Episodes of Season Two?
201 - The Last of Summer 3 16.67%
202 - Extra Ordinary 0 0%
203 - My Brother's Keeper 0 0%
204 - East Meets West 0 0%
205 - Daddy's Little Girl 0 0%
206 - Blind Faith 3 16.67%
207 - Three Miners from Everwood 0 0%
208 - Burden of Truth 0 0%
209 - Just Like in the Movies 0 0%
210 - Unhappy Holidays 0 0%
211 - Family Dynamics 0 0%
212 - Controlling Interest 0 0%
213 - Forget Me Not 0 0%
214 - No Sure Thing 0 0%
215 - The L Word 0 0%
216 - Unspoken Truths 1 5.56%
217 - Unfinished Business 0 0%
218 - Last Looks 0 0%
219 - Sick 0 0%
220 - Do or Die 1 5.56%
221 - Your Future Awaits 4 22.22%
222 - The Day Is Done 6 33.33%
Multiple Choice Poll. Voters: 6. You may not vote on this poll
Pages 1 2 >
Jerry D
Best Episodes of Season Two of Everwood
Hi everyone. Please vote for the best episodes of Season Two of Everwood. You can pick 3 episodes. This poll will run for 7 Days, and when it concludes, the top three episodes will be included in a final poll that will have the three best episodes from each season. When this poll is over, I'll post a poll for the next season, and we'll kee going until we've had polls for all of the seasons. Once all the polls have been concluded, the top three episodes for each season will be put into a final combined poll so you can vote for the best episode of the entire series. Thanks.
I'd like to use each thread as a discussion thread concerning why each person chose the episodes that they chose.
Here's a link to a website where you can find information about each Season Two Episode:
Everwood (TV Series 2002–2006) - Episodes - IMDb
The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it - and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. - John F. Kennedy
There are those who look at things the way they are and ask why - I dream of things that never were and ask why not. - Robert F. Kennedy
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Thanks, Jerry!
Considering Madison spoils a ton of episodes in season 2 for me, to the point of never being able to say they are in my top 3, this voting is relatively easy.
I voted for: Blind Faith, Your Future Awaits, The Day Is Done.
I will explain why I picked those three when I am less tired. Of course the pattern is clear... they are Ephram/Amy centric.
Last edited by Auror; 03-09-2014 at 11:02 PM
Originally Posted by Mich1111 (View Post)
There is no way that I can't vote for the same 3 episodes.
I am leaving for work, but will come back for my reasoning.
Taryn74
Addicted Fan
I'll vote when I get back from taking the kids to school, some of the eps I don't remember what they were about so I need to read the synopsis to refresh my memory.
"I want to be the example of what you can do, not the voice telling you who you can blame for your pain." ~ Dr. Ben Carson
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Season 2 sort of runs together. I have to look at the descriptions for the middle episodes and I've seen them endless times.
There's a couple in there I could have picked due to the acting of EVC, alone, though. I might give an honorable mention to one when I explain my 3.
Lol! I know, those three really do stand out.
They really do!
Blind Faith:
What stands out the most in this episode is the wonderful conversation between Amy and Bright in their home. Bright really admired Ephram and this was the first time he actually voiced his admiration. Amy really liked Ephram as well, and this was the first time she was going to actually go to him and see where these feeling would go.. Unfortunately her timing was horrible and that was the end of that plan!
I loved the Wedding dance. Such intense feeling on Ephram's part. Amy had the same feelings, but was in a bad place and didn't want to hold Epham and his life back. Very sad.
Ephram finally got his driver's license. (we won't mention who helped him).
I love the friendship between Andy and Dr. Keyes.
Your Future Awaits:
Amy was crazy about Ephram...so obvious. Ephram was playing it cool. Adorable.
Loved when Amy surprised Ephram with the goodies and invited herself for a road trip.
Loved the Amy/Ephram conversation at the audition. It's one of my favorite scenes. I didn't like the ending, but we knew better things were going to happen.
The Day Is Done:
So many wonderful scenes!
Picnic....very brave on Ephram's part. I was very happy that he stuck to his guns and did not cave and stay. Amy wanted Ephram to stay for her...Ephram wanted Amy to wait. Oh....the anticipation.
Going off to NYC...no Amy! Oh, no!
But then....beautiful surprise on the Plane! So much good stuff! So much anticipation for season 3.
I loved the whole episode!
What stands out the most in this episode is the wonderful conversation between Amy and Bright in their home. Bright really admired Ephram and this was the first time he actually voiced his admiration. Amy really liked Ephram as well, and this was the first time she was going to actually go to him and see where these feelings would go.. Unfortunately her timing was horrible and that was the end of that plan!
Love this summary and agree with every word of it.
I went with Unspoken Truths, Your Future Awaits, and The Day is Done.
Unspoken Truths - because the scene where Amy chases "Colin" at the party, and he turns around and says "Stop following me" is easily one of the most chilling and gut-wrenching moments ever. It gives me chills just thinking about it.
The other two because of everything already said.
I'm done with my voting as well. As usual my votes are different than most people, but hey it gets interesting this way .
Those are the three episodes I choose:
The Last of Summer
Well since I'm Colin fan this episode really moved me. When I was watching the series I hadn't checked imdb and I hadn't read the spoilers so I had hope till the last moment that Colin might be alive. I mean I knew logically that he would be dead, but I still wanted him to be alive. I know naive . What I love about this episode though is the speech Ephram gave Amy about losing someone you love. I've never read or heard anything that could describe better the situation. It was so wise and so true. I actually have bookmarked this because it's just so good and so true. I don't know if it was realistically for him to know this, but I liked that he didn't tell her that it would be the same because it's really not, because the death of someone close to you really changes you and I'm glad that someone admitted this. I liked the analogy with the broken hand because it depicts so well how you feel. You try to cope, you don't forget. Really powerful. One of those moments that made Everwood different show.
I know that most people would choose You Future Awaits, but I liked this one more. For totally shallow reasons loved both Amy and Ephram and how they look. Let's just say that Season 2 Ephram is my favorite look and I usually don't like bangs and half of the time in Season 2 Amy was made to look depressive so in this episode they both were gorgeous.
Aside the shallow reasoning I love the conversation Ephram and Amy had. Personally for me Ephram and Amy grew up in this season. Amy because of the depression and well Tommy and Ephram because of Madison. Now don't get me wrong I'm not saying that having sex makes you grown up. I think that it was mostly because Ephram wanted to try something and he realized in the end that it was wrong and basically not good for him. In the end he knew why he wanted Madison - because she liked him. Not because he loved her, but because it felt nice for him that someone likes him. It boosted his ego and that was pretty much it. I do think that this was one of those fully honest grown up conversations they had though. Yeah I know a lot of people think that what Ephram said made Amy sad and everything, but I see it differently. I think that in the long run what Ephram said made perfect sense. It made Amy really ask herself why she wanted to be with Ephram. I do believe that Ephram owed to Amy this conversation, to tell her that he didn't choose Madison over, he just wanted to be with some and was with her. I think that in the long run it set the point straight and cleared the uncertainty around this.
Well there are things that I like in this episode and things that I dislike. Madison's pregnancy was revealed here and you know I'm not a fan of that, but there were other scenes that were cool.
I do believe that there was growth for Ephram in this episode too. I loved how he realized that yes he loves Amy, yes he wants to be with her, but he would also live his life and go to Julliard and won't step back. He finally got himself at the point where he would do something for himself and I loved that. In the same time he didn't say to Amy look mind your business. He might have decided to go there, but he made the picnic, he reassured her that he wants to be with her and he just didn't want to lose this opportunity. I liked how wise and delicate he was. Yes he might have looked selfish to a lot of people, but he wasn't a jerk either.
I also loved the Bright/Ephram bonding in this episode and Bright/Delia. Lovely scenes.
I do believe that Ephram owed to Amy this conversation, to tell her that he didn't choose Madison over, he just wanted to be with some and was with her. I think that in the long run it set the point straight and cleared the uncertainty around this.
I think you make a very good point here, and I agree that Ephram did not love Madison...but just wanted someone to like him. Unfortunately...it was Madison.
Yes...at the bus station...truly lovely.
Amont
Dedicated Fan
I chose the following:
Because it's generally just well-presented and I always love deep and meaningful that literally go to your heart, even if the stuff that you see is a sad and bitter storyline. There are many of these moments here. The ending with Andy's speech.. and the very last moments with Ephram talking to a weary Amy who sees Colin's ghost jumping in. I thought it was just quality TV, stuff that you rarely even see in the cinema nowadays (is it really only cartoons they present there!?). Anyway, it's superbly acted and well-made TV. Lots of emotional depth to the whole episode, which I liked.
What I remember without peeking at the episode.. is the great final party scene. Bright dancing was so funny! And the E/A talk there is just beautiful. If I remember correctly, the scene where the Abbott siblings sit on the stairs and talk about Ephram was also in this episode? A wonderful scene! Also the storyline with Reverend Keyes going blind was very touching and moving.
The final episode of S2, all the major storylines have been wrapped up and this episode feels like a breath of fresh air, with a touch of a new beginning which is very welcome for all the characters. Ephram is accepted to Juilliard (wow I just love to spell the name of this school correctly ). The picnic scene is full of just youthful romantic energy and vibe and this feels just adorable.. I think this is their very first moment that they share together as a new couple, as two people who are at the 'same page' and really connecting. It's just so tender the way they kiss and then touch softly. (Why can't I ever share something like that with whoever?! ) I love, I love I love it! As I said, the youthful energy is what shines through this scene for me and it's what it's supposed to be: tender and affectionate. You can see it in their eyes! Makes me want to hug them both, they're so lovely here Our cute E/A!
On another note, yes the Delia/Bright 'Wanna see a movie?' 'Okay!' scene was something I enjoyed, too I'm guessing there's lots of such small, but either funny and meaningful scenes throughout the episode and also in the whole series, so
Generally, I think it's harder to pikc favourite S2 episodes, because well.. there's lots of good stuff in S2, I believe.. but it's more spread out and isn't packed into a single episode... there's lots of drama moments with Amy and her father, for example.. that are just well-acted and powerful. There's also Linda, which I very much enjoyed, but again her screentime is spread out. I loved many scenes that she had with Andy, for example.. and the ending where she leaves Everwood was sad and a tear-jerker, but still enjoyable. Also, some scenes Ephram and Madison shared were meaningful in a TV-kind of way that I enjoyed. I'm neither a Madison hater nor a lover, but some parts of this 'crush on an older girl' storyline with Madison were well done in my opinion. Such as the final scene in Last Looks.. for a final goodbye scene, I have to say it shined through and I always remember it, even if I don't care about Madison. That is also how I see some other storylines and scenes later on in the series!
End of rant
'You're right. It's my fault. I should take up football and cow tipping. Then your friends would like me and I'd be the most popular boy in the whole school!'
~ Ephram Brown
Visit Amont's homepage!
Find More Posts by Amont
Originally Posted by Amont (View Post)
That's true . Season 2 was really good acted, but the general feel of the season was different. I mean if we talk about performance then for sure Emily Van Camp rocks in her Season 2 scenes, but on the other hand it's just depressing to watch her playing depressed teen. So in some sense most of us chose episodes where she is not that depressed and they are not that many in Season 2.
Then you have Madison and let's be honest most people hate her with a passion . It's not a surprise to anyone. And if you remove the episodes with her you are left with less episodes to choose from too.
I think for me as a fan all episodes had some really good scenes and some that I didn't enjoy that much not because of acting or because the writers screw up (personally for me they did it only twice - Madison's pregnancy and Andy/Amanda), but because some story didn't make me that happy. I knew why it was done this way, it just wasn't that happy to watch it.
Yes we all know why Amy was depressed and we all enjoyed the performance, but it's still sad to watch.
Oh and since I'm another not Madison lover nor hater I loved the way the Goodbye scene between Ephram and Madison was made as well. I didn't particularly cared for them as a couple aside the fact that I did think that Ephram needed to do something else aside pining for Amy just to clear his head, but this scene still moved me.
Originally Posted by secretk (View Post)
So in some sense most of us chose episodes where she is not that depressed and they are not that many in Season 2.
Totally. I know Blind Faith, for one, is a terrific episode in many ways but I just couldn't vote for it because my heart just breaks for Amy in this episode - twice, in fact (when Ephram gets upset over realizing she only called him because Laynie bailed on her, and then when she sees him kiss Madison) and it's just too painful for me. I'm not even a rabid E/A shipper either, I like them together but they're not the reason I watch the show, nor am I a huge fan of Amy herself, but EVC just kills me in those scenes.
Originally Posted by Taryn74 (View Post)
I am the same way. I am not super E/A shipper and not a huge fan of Amy, but there are just certain episodes where it's hard to watch her because she acted this really well. I mean it felt real. Though to be honest my heart actually broke for Ephram in the first instance and not for Amy. He was really sad when he realized that she called him only because Laynie wasn't available. And then she was sad because she realized that he was. Overall not a nice scene to watch. Both were not feeling good about that.
Season 2 is just darker than Season 1 even though Season 1 featured the tortured Colin because you see the implications his death caused and how it affected all the other characters. So in that sense there are some scenes that are hard to watch.
Oh, yes. I'm a Colin fan (and I know you are too) but even the Colin scenes in S1 are less painful to watch than the darkness we get in S2. I guess it's because even though he's struggling so much, there is still a sense of hope there because everybody (except him) is so sure he's going to get better and things are going to be okay.
It's really brilliant, IMO, the way they portrayed Amy's heartbreak and depression in S2, as painful as it may be to watch. I don't think they ever over-dramatized it for the camera's sake, you know? It was all very real to me. She had her days where she was honestly trying to cheer herself up, and she tried to hang out with friends and stuff, but in the end the darkness just kept pulling her back down, and that's usually the way depression works in real life.
Gah, this show!


text:
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(White Album) Deluxe Edition 4LP
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THE BEATLES DELUXE EDITION 4LP - 180-gram 4LP vinyl set housed in a 2 piece lift off lid box - 2 x 2LP in gatefold sleeves - LP1 + LP2 (gatefold): New 'The Beatles' stereo album mix - LP3 + LP4 (gatefold): Esher demos
ORIGINAL ALBUM (1968)
Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da
Wild Honey Pie
The Continuing Story Of Bungalow Bill
Martha My Dear
Don't Pass Me By
Why Dont We Do It In The Road
Mother Nature's Son
Everybody's Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Monkey
Long, Long, Long
Honey Pie
In November 1968, millions of double LPs were shipped to record stores worldwide ahead of that tumultuous year's most anticipated music event: the November 22nd release of The BEATLES (soon to be better known as 'The White Album'). With their ninth studio album, The Beatles took the world on a whole new trip, side one blasting off with the exhilarating rush of a screaming jet escorting Paul McCartney's punchy, exuberant vocals on "Back In The U.S.S.R." "Dear Prudence" came next, John Lennon warmly beckoning his friend and all of us to "look around." George Harrison imparted timeless wisdom in "While My Guitar Gently Weeps," singing, "With every mistake we must surely be learning." For 50 years, 'The White Album' has invited its listeners to venture forth and explore the breadth and ambition of its music, delighting and inspiring each new generation in turn. On November 9, The Beatles will release a suite of lavishly presented 'White Album' packages (Apple Corps Ltd./Capitol/UMe). The album's 30 tracks are newly mixed by producer Giles Martin and mix engineer Sam Okell in stereo and 5.1 surround audio, joined by 27 early acoustic demos and 50 session takes, most of which are previously unreleased in any form.
The minimalist artwork for 'The White Album' was created by artist Richard Hamilton, one of Britain's leading figures in the creation and rise of pop art. The top-loading gatefold sleeve's stark white exterior had 'The BEATLES' embossed on the front and printed on the spine with the album's catalogue number. Early copies of 'The White Album' were also individually numbered on the front, which has also been done for the new edition's Super Deluxe package. The set's six CDs and Blu-ray disc are housed in a slipsleeved 164-page hardbound book, with pull-out reproductions of the original album's four glossy color portrait photographs of John, Paul, George, and Ringo, as well as the album's large fold-out poster with a photo collage on one side and lyrics on the other. The beautiful book is illustrated with rare photographs, reproductions of handwritten and notated lyrics, previously unpublished photos of recording sheets and tape boxes, and reproduced original 'White Album' print ads. The book's comprehensive written pieces include new introductions by Paul McCartney and Giles Martin, and in-depth chapters covering track-by-track details and session notes reflecting The Beatles' year between the release of 'Sgt. Pepper' and recording sessions for 'The White Album,' the band's July 28 1968 "Mad Day Out" photo shoot in locations around London, the album artwork, the lead-up and execution of the album's blockbuster release, and its far-ranging influence, written by Beatles historian, author and radio producer Kevin Howlett; journalist and author John Harris; and Tate Britain's Senior Curator of Modern and Contemporary Art Andrew Wilson.
The Beatles' studio sessions for The BEATLES ('White Album') began on May 30, 1968 at Abbey Road Studios. In the 20 weeks that followed, The Beatles devoted most of their time to sessions there for the new album, with some recording also done at Trident Studios. The final session for the album took place at Abbey Road on October 16, a 24-hour marathon with producer George Martin to sequence the double album's four sides and to complete edits and cross-fades between its songs. The Beatles' approach to recording for 'The White Album' was quite different from what they had done for 'Sgt. Pepper.' Rather than layering individually overdubbed parts on a multi-track tape, many of the 'White Album' session takes were recorded to four-track and eight-track tape as group performances with a live lead vocal. The Beatles often recorded take after take for a song, as evidenced by the Super Deluxe set's Take 102 for "Not Guilty," a song that was not included on the album. This live-take recording style resulted in a less intricately structured, more unbridled album that would shift the course of rock music and cut a path for punk and indie rock.
ESHER DEMOS: • They recorded 27 songs and we have been allowed to release all of them here. • 19 of them ended up on the White Album with the rest either being recorded by the band or as solo later or in the case of Sour Milk Sea being given to another singer for his solo album on Apple Records (Jackie Lomax). • 7 have previously been released on Anthology, but they were mixed with the technology of the time and now Giles has been able to really clean them up and bring out the intimate nature of the recordings. • Look on this as The Beatles Unplugged!!! • One of the biggest things we learned through listening to the sessions, and which the fans can hear too via the inclusion of the studio chat and banter between takes, is that while this was certainly a time of change for the guys – growing up and maybe starting to grow apart too, it was NOT the miserable experience that has become history's view of it. They are clearly having a blast playing as a band again and supporting each other with different ideas, working out how to approach parts, etc. They had FUN in the recording of this album, amongst the angst, and this shines through more than anyone has previously realized.
SESSIONS: • One of the big discoveries is Julia (Take 10) which was discovered at the end of a tape that was marked up as blank. Our team actually listened to 20 minutes of silence when suddenly this incredible take appeared – it shows John trying to figure out how best to play his guitar and how to sing it. Amazing stuff. • On listening to all the While My Guitar sessions, it became clear the received history is wrong. People have always thought that Eric was brought in by George towards the end to add his playing, but we now know that he came in for a whole day of sessions and is on all of the takes from that session – over 20 takes! • Helter Skelter – was recorded in two distinct versions. Originally there was a blues jam that was much slower and more measured – a small sample appeared on Anthology 3 – but they eventually gave up and returned to the song a couple of weeks later when it became arguably both the first heavy rock record AND the first punk record at the same time! There is a 23 minute version of the blues take which we could not include, but we have been able to use a 9 minute take as well as an alternate take of the later version.
Blu-Ray: • The BD features a brand new 5.1 surround mix by Giles Martin and Sam Okell and provides a totally immersive listening experience. The original mono mix is also included.
Book: The book has 164 pages and is made up of 3 themes: • The bulk of the book is taken up with song and recording notes, all written in exemplary detail by Beatles expert Kevin Howlett. He explains all of the different takes and the actual writing and recording process for every track in the set. • There is a new scholarly essay on the art of the White Album – explaining that it was actually an important moment in the development of modern pop art and it explodes several myths about what people think had been other cover ideas as well as exploring the way rock music and art were starting to grow together. • Guardian writer and social commentator, John Harris, has also written a fascinating chapter that looks at the reception of the album when it was released and how that has changed in perception and influence over the decades, concluding that this is in many ways perhaps their most influential album, especially in terms of how it has influenced generations of musicians since.
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text:
Q: How to wrap an element with a div in jQuery? What I want is to wrap all my p tags in a special div having a class p_wrapper. I want something like this:(For all elements not only for p and div)
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I should get this HTML:
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A: $("p").wrap($("
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http://jsfiddle.net/aXwDs/1/

A: $('p').wrap('

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A: This should work :
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Modeled after the familiar U.S format – which featured Donald Trump – the Asian version, helmed by reality TV guru Mark Burnett (of The Voice and Survivor) and FremantleMedia Asia, which has produced various hit reality TV series such as Idol, The X Factor as well as the game show The Price Is Right, will see various contestants from around Asia vie for a position with Malaysian entrepreneur Tony Fernandes of AirAsia fame.
We originally announced the news earlier this year, but it looks to have been postponed till now. Registrations are currently open (you can download the application form here), so if you fulfill the critiera (aged 21 and above, currently living or working in Asia with a valid passport of at least six months and are well versed in English), this may be the job you're looking for.
Registrations end this weekend, so register now.


CEO at iPad POS Middle East with 16+ years of experience in the technical financial services industry in both Europe and the Middle East.
What incident/opportunity led to your decision to open this business?
I stumbled across the world of point of sale by pure accident! A friend was opening a new frozen yogurt concept and asked me to help her source a small, portable and reliable POS. After much research, I found the Revel System and helped her to install the software with a small stand, cash drawer, and printer. I knew from my research that the system was perfect for her business as it allowed her to have full control of inventory, sales and staff whilst not being physically on site. After she attended numerous markets and concerts with her portable POS system, I soon started to get enquiries from businesses keen to invest in the same software to help them grow whilst maintaining control of their business from afar.
The rest as they say… is part of our history!
What were the three biggest obstacles along the way and how did you overcome each one?
Having a full time job and being able to dedicate the time to it. A lot of late nights, early starts and long weekends prevailed. As the hours slowly started to pay off, it became increasingly evident that there was a demand in the market for the software and a gap in the market for providing a world class system, with dedicated, local and trusted support. Turning this into a reality and slowly building the business up and taking on team members was a truly satisfying moment. Bringing new people into the business and looking back on where this all began makes me realize how far we have come. It is incredibly rewarding to walk into our office and work in such a thriving environment with our dedicated and committed team knowing that this once began on a kitchen table working in the small hours of the morning!
Secondly, being a new player in the region and establishing ourselves as a trust worthy reputable company. Word of mouth and referrals really helped with this. A good reputation is something you develop over a period of time and can't be achieved overnight. Building brand loyalty takes time and I would say that all our clients are happy with the service we provide, which is everything.
Thirdly, we started to grow very quickly. The power and strength of the software was very easy for potential customers to buy into and truly appreciate the benefits that it could bring to their organization, be it small or large. However, people also bought into us, and the personal, dedicated support and help that we offered. Growing quickly, challenged us to continually address and review how well we continued to keep our "personal" touch in how we sold, supported and maintained relationships on an individual level with our customers.
What were the three most rewarding moments?
Winning Pizza Express – this is one of our biggest clients that we won for the UAE, it was a great achievement to win business from such a globally accredited brand and an even bigger achievement that we have a continued great relationship with the team at Pizza Express.
What one piece of advice would you give fellow entrepreneurs?
It may sound predictable and obvious, but don't give up. Remind yourself of the passion and enthusiasm you had which motivated you to start. Those reasons are the ones to inspire you and to keep you fighting on the days when it may feel like you want to give up! We work in a tough market, one that offers huge potential, but one that also suffers no weaknesses, but I believe that you can turn the challenges into positives that can help you grow.
It's so important to ensure that you do your research. One of the hardest decisions is deciding to go it alone and making it happen and it can be hard to know exactly where to start and how to ensure you do things correctly. Seek lots of advice and keep your finger on the pulse. Although we are very aware about our competitors, we endeavor to focus and concentrate proactively on executing our vision and strategy. Keep true to yourself and why you started – those that copy are always one step behind!
What are your thoughts on the future of F&B and the industry?
The food and beverage industry in the Middle East is one of the most interesting and exciting categories to be a part of. The start of 2019 has been really positive with lots of new ventures and developments opening their doors and offering even more variety to an ever growing market. However, with every new development that opens, increased pressure is placed onto existing businesses to survive. One thing that is clear is that this is not impossible, although maybe challenging, if you have a quality product, with great service and remain innovative and present, there is great potential to thrive and to continue to grow and succeed in this market.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Indigenous Research Unit (IRU) is committed to creating an environment that fosters the sharing of Indigenous research and knowledges, organisational engagement with and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, develops the research capacity of academics and research candidates, and educational advancement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students.
The Indigenous Research Unit (IRU), Graduate Research School, and GUMURRII Student Support Unit work in partnership to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Higher Degree Research students achieve a positive environment, support and guidance throughout their research journey at Griffith.
The IRU has a strong focus on developing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) Higher Degree Research student cohort, and develops specialised ATSI research capacity workshops and activities.
GUMURRII provides cultural, personal, academic, and mentoring support to assist ATSI HDR students.
Griffith strives to be a place where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are valued and respected, and where First Australian Peoples' cultures and knowledge form an integral part of our vision for learning, teaching, research and community engagement.


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SearchHub.info is the PUP that uses misleading techniques to prevent removal. Use Reimage to locate malicious components and get rid of them faster than with uninstall instructions. A full system scan blocks virus reappearance and prevents traffic to malicious domains.
How does SearchHub.info hijack the computer system?
How to remove SearchHub.info browser hijacker?
Today we are going to describe yet another potentially unwanted program (PUP) – SearchHub.info browser hijacker. You might find this suspicious search engine set as your homepage after you install some free program carelessly. 2-spyware researchers have discovered that this browser hijacker is related to Go My Media adware (read more about it here), so we assume these programs might spread together. Now, let's discuss how SearchHub.info hijacker works.
After entering the computer system, this browser hijacker detects web browsers and changes the web address of the page you see when you open these web browsers. In other words, SearchHub.info virus replaces the homepage. You must know that the website it sets as default start page is dangerous and that you should not search the web via it. SearchHub.info search engine serves modified results that are intended to cause web redirects after the user clicks on them. Therefore, you should not expect to receive relevant or useful search results using this search engine. Besides, it might redirect you to suspicious third-party websites that might promote malware or simply other potentially unwanted programs.
Another suspicious feature this PUP has is that you cannot just simply remove the website it sets as the homepage from your web browser. It might try to prevent you from doing that and set SearchHub.info as the homepage again whenever you try to replace it with another web address. The only way to stop the activity of this browser hijacker is to uninstall it from your computer. It is not that simple to remove SearchHub.info hijacker, and that is why we recommend using an anti-spyware software for that (for instance, you can use Reimage). In case you want to delete it by yourself, navigate to page 2 for a manual SearchHub.info removal guide.
Avoid downloading software from untrustworthy download websites or P2P file sharing networks. Find the official software's developer's web page and download your desired program from there.
Do not rush to install programs!
"Recommended" installation settings are not the ones that you should rely on. So instead of selecting Default or Standard one, opt for Custom or Advanced one instead.
Then you have to review all additional components added to your download. Opt out them all, including browser toolbars, suspicious add-ons, applications, and similar software.
Remember that while you can avoid installing PUPs, it is much harder to prevent malware infiltration. For this reason, we recommend installing a powerful computer security software and update it regularly.
You probably know all the disadvantages of SearchHub.info virus – it is very annoying, it causes redirects and interrupts your browsing sessions regularly by triggering pop-up ads. What is more, it commonly hijacks computers without their owners' authorization, and if the same has happened to you, you should not ignore that. We kindly advise you to switch your homepage to another website, but before you do that, you must uninstall SearchHub.info redirect virus from your PC. You can do that using the SearchHub.info removal instructions given below, or with a help of the anti-spyware program. A proper anti-spyware software provides real-time computer protection from malware, and that is why computer experts recommend installing such software on the computer. Therefore, you have to decide whether you want to protect your computer from similar problems in the future or not, and then select the uninstall option you prefer. Good luck!
Here, look for SearchHub.info or any other recently installed suspicious programs.
Wait until you see Applications folder and look for SearchHub.info or any other suspicious programs on it. Now right click on every of such entries and select Move to Trash.
When in the new window, check Delete personal settings and select Reset again to complete SearchHub.info removal.
Once these steps are finished, SearchHub.info should be removed from your Microsoft Edge browser.
Here, select SearchHub.info and other questionable plugins. Click Remove to delete these entries.
Now you will see Reset Firefox to its default state message with Reset Firefox button. Click this button for several times and complete SearchHub.info removal.
Here, select SearchHub.info and other malicious plugins and select trash icon to delete these entries.
Click Reset to confirm this action and complete SearchHub.info removal.
Here, select Extensions and look for SearchHub.info or other suspicious entries. Click on the Uninstall button to get rid each of them.
Here, look at the Homepage field. If it was altered by SearchHub.info, remove unwanted link and enter the one that you want to use for your searches. Remember to include the "http://" before typing in the address of the page.
Now you will see a detailed dialog window filled with reset options. All of those options are usually checked, but you can specify which of them you want to reset. Click the Reset button to complete SearchHub.info removal process.
This entry was posted on 2016-04-18 at 22:58 and is filed under Stealing programs, Viruses.
You can quickly scan the QR code with your mobile device and have SearchHub.info manual removal instructions right in your pocket.
How did you remove SearchHub.info?


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Home»Celebrity News»Famous South African Singer, Yvonne Chaka Chaka Denies Being Deported From Uganda
Famous South African Singer, Yvonne Chaka Chaka Denies Being Deported From Uganda
By Adaugo January 7, 2020 Updated: January 8, 2021 No Comments16 Views
News previously circulated that, the internationally recognized South African singer, Yvonne Chaka Chaka was deported from Uganda; over her support for Ugandan Opposition leader, Bobi Wine.
According to Fred Enanga, the police spokesperson; Chaka Chaka was escorted to Entebbe airport by the police and a team from the immigration department on on Tuesday; (Dec 24th) afternoon after being detained inside her room at Pearl of Africa hotel.
According to sources security around the hotel was unusually beefed up; with Yvonne Chaka Chaka under close surveillance.
However, The songstress has openly dismissed the rumors.
The singer took to social media, to say that she left of her own accord;
"Not deported, not arrested, not captured, everything is fine; everything is in order. I know my country is worried, my people are worried, my husband is worried. Everybody is worried. But I am fine," she wrote.
https://www.instagram.com/p/B6vkh_5A77m/?igshid=jg20w324y0u6
Yvonne Chaka Chaka had previously endorsed presidential aspirant and Kyadondo East MP Robert Kyagulanyi aka Bobi Wine to take on President Yoweri Museveni in the 2021 general elections.
Bobi Wine himself has been banned from performing in Uganda since 2018. Because, President Museveni claimed that Bobi keeps telling the international community that Uganda has been run down and the people have become poorer.
Nevertheless, Yvonne Chaka Chaka has previously performed in Uganda without any troubles.Also, she has claimed that she is the second 'first lady' after Barbie Itungo, Bobi Wine's wife.
Yvonne was expected to perform at the Enkuuka Concert at Lubiri Grounds. However, due to reasons she is yet to disclose, she didn't perform as she later left the country.
Bobi wine Deportation uganda Yvonne Chaka Chaka


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Who did Jessica Barden play in The Lobster?
Jessica Barden: 12 facts about the End of the F***ing World star you should know
6. Who did Jessica Barden play in The Lobster?
Jessica Barden played 'Nosebleed Woman' in 2015's The Lobster, alongside Colin Farrell, Rachel Weisz, Ben Whishaw and Olivia Colman. The film is set in a dystopian near future where single people, according to the laws of The City, are taken to The Hotel, where they are obliged to find a romantic partner in forty-five days or are transformed into beasts and sent off into The Woods. Fun! [Sony Pictures Releasing International]
See the full gallery: Jessica Barden: 12 facts about the End of the F***ing World star you should know
Andrew Garfield reacts to being nominated for a SAG Award in touching interview
Shadow and Bone season 2: Release date, cast, spoilers, trailer and news
QUIZ: Would Fez from Euphoria date you?
This viral 5000 character personality quiz will reveal which fictional characters you're most like
Next Up: 10 artists that are set to take over in 2022
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Is Scream on Netflix? Where to watch all of the movies online
Joe Jonas went trainspotting with Francis Bourgeois and it's so pure
!!! twitter.com/bbcthree/statu…


It's time again for my favorite reading challenge, the R. I. P. Challenge. It's hard to believe this is the ninth year. I don't think I participated until the third one. I absolutely love this time of year for reading creepy stories.
More Than This, Patrick Ness: This book is my school's all-school read, and it fits the challenge—a suspenseful YA thriller, or at least it appears to be so far.
This House is Haunted, John Boyne: I bought this one my Kindle for last year's R. I. P., I think, but I never read it. Looking forward to it!
Hollow City (Miss Peregrine's Peculiar Children), Ransom Riggs: Another one I've had for a while. I so enjoyed the first one. I have been meaning to finish the second.
The Witch's Daughter, Paula Brackston: This one has been on my radar for a while, and it's also perfect for the Witches & Witchcraft Reading Challenge.
Dracula in Love, Karen Essex: Another one that I've been meaning to read for ages.
When She Woke, Hillary Jordan: I won this one in a Goodreads giveaway, and I never read it. I need to! It looks interesting.
Ghostwalk, Rebecca Stott: I have had this book for a long time, and the cover looks quite creepy. Bonus—Isaac Newton, alchemist.
Jane and the Madness of Lord Byron: Being A Jane Austen Mystery, Stephanie Barron: This one might be good or might be wretched. Jane Austen metafiction is a mixed bag. Still, Byron is in it.
The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic–and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World, Steven Johnson: The lone nonfiction selection fits the bill nicely and comes with excellent recommendations from a history teacher friend of mine.
Aside from More Than This, I'm not sure which of these books I'll choose. They look like a good list.
I didn't know that More Than This was a possible. I have it sitting here so maybe I'll give it a try (if I run through the other 30 books on my list … haha!). I'll also be reading This House is Haunted. It looks good! Hollow City was really good but Ghostwalk, not so much. Still, you might like it more than I did.
I think it fits. At any rate, the challenge has wide criteria. Go for it!
you have good books! I read Ghostwalk some years ago… and on my wish list at Amazon is This House is Haunted so I will really look forward to your review on that one! have fun!
I should probably try to get to Hollow City as well. I have had the book ever since seeing Ransom Riggs at a writing event during the first week of the book's release. And I've heard good things.
Wonderful to have you with us again this year. You've been doing it since year three, eh? Seems like both a long time and a blink of the eye. Time is odd.
Thanks, Carl, for hosting the challenge every year. So many people say it's their favorite.
I love that More Than This is your school's all-school read. Wonderful choice by whoever chose it! And I hope you love it — it started VERY slowly for me, and I got worried that I wouldn't care for it. But then everything turned around, about a third of the way in, and I couldn't stop reading it.


selfies so that should tell you something.
2. I have been doing some major summer reading. I just started this collection of essays from David Sedaris and it does not disappoint.
3. I have been helping a good friend with her kitchen renovation. It is finally finished and pretty much the most jaw dropping kitchen I have ever seen in real life.
They are still getting settled in but I hope to share THIS amazingess with you very soon!
4. Everything from Troubadour is 40% off right now with the coupon code SUMMERSALE40.
5.This giveaway is almost too good to be true.
For more details, check it out on Kelly Market.
I am going to try and go through and add my favorite blogs today. What are some of your favorites? I am always looking for new blogs.
I have come to realize in my older age that I prefer little luxuries to big purchases.
I will take flowers, candles, wine and good cheese any day over a new car or fancy house.
This mix of old and new designed by Mark D. Sikes is haunting me.
It is a combo of all the things I love. Mark D. Sikes + Gracie paper +blue and white chinoiserie.
Long story short, I have been searching for a chintzy sofa for a while now. My blog friend Alex sent me a picture of the most amazing chintz sofa I have ever seen. I looked into getting it shipped from Chicago and quickly realized, the shipping was going to cost as much as the sofa. Last week my friend Jessica sent me pictures of some sofas on Craigslist that looked almost identical to the one Alex was selling. Our house literally looks like an episode of hoarders. There are sofas, chairs, poodles...EVERYWHERE.
We had a full house this weekend. We ended up keeping my in-laws poodles and lucky for them every dog had a sofa.
At this point, I need to rearrange my entire house to find a place for my new sofa. The stripes, leopard and floral is a little aggressive, even for me. Our back den is my husbands only somewhat neutral room and I am afraid a floral sofa is going to send him over the edge. These are real life problems I am dealing with- chintz and poodles. I cannot complain.
I am on the hunt for the perfect one piece. I need a little boost in bust area and something that can cover ever growing tush. This is the start of my hunt and I promise to let you know when I find the perfect suit. Recommendations welcome.
After 3 years I am finally starting to love my gallery wall. It is not something you can put together over night and the best ones are usually made up of pieces you cannot live without.
The federal mirror is from one of my favorite stores in Raleigh called Studio 123 in Seaboard Station. They have a ton of wonderful investment pieces that will not break the bank. The sconces are thrifted from Habitat Restore.
My favorite place to find affordable, original artwork is searching local thrift stores, estate sales and the flea market. What are some of your favorite spots for affordable art? I am always looking for new sources and artists.
Some of my favorite fabrics from Spoonflower are now available in wallpaper.
This mud cloth design reminds me so much of Anna Spiro's for a fraction of the price.
Like I said yesterday, I am a professional wedding goer lately. I am working with a budget and when it comes to spending $300 I would much prefer to spend it on a rug vs. a cocktail dress. I have finally broke down and started buying one really good looking cocktail dress each wedding season. Like home decor, I am always attracted to bright colors and playful patterns. What is your wedding style?
We have been going to weddings this spring/summer like it is our job!
I swear, all of our friends have taken things up a notch this year. This weekend we went to The Haw River Ballroom to celebrate our friends Dan and Stephanie. This is the second wedding in a row that ended up in a late night dance party. Not only did they throw one hell of a party it was the most genuine, heart felt weekend. I am so lucky to call you both friends.
I am hoping to get some blogging in this week. Last week was my first week at the new job and I am still trying to get settled.
Wallpaper belongs in bathrooms (or every room).
Our master bedroom has made a lot of progress in the past couple weeks. I have always been a pillow person. I usually have anywhere from 6-8 pillows on my bed. It started to get exhausting so I wanted to simplify. I am trying to stick with the theme of working with what you have. The only new purchases included a quilt from HomeGoods and some monogrammed shams from Zhush. They made a huge impact in a neutral room.
Also, while I have your attention we really need to discuss these shams. I have been in the love with these since the day Luxury Monograms started, circa 2011. The picture on the website really does not do them justice. Personally, I thought it looked like the fabric was thin and cheap. I was so pleasantly surprised when they arrived. The fabric is thick and crisp and the monogram is very Leontine- esque. I actually ended up ordering them through Zhush because she had a coupon code and I think Sue is cute.
Thoughts on what should go over the bed?
During the summer months it is hard to find a free weekend to hit up the flea market. I scored a pretty painting and planter on Sunday.
We finally painted our house. I am waiting on my husband to move his boat of the driveway to do a proper before and after. I will make sure to add some details about paint and a recommendation if you are looking for a painter in Raleigh.
The world's slowest bedroom makeover is in progress. New additions include some Luxury Monogram shams. Pretty impressed with my ability to go beige.


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Pro-independence Catalans to protest in Barcelona
November 11 2017 12:28 PM
International UK/Europe
Spain issues arrest warrant for Catalan leader
Catalan parliament votes to split from Spain
Catalan leader: 'guarantees' not in place to call elections
Catalan leader pressured as independence deadline looms
Spaniards use holiday to show unity amid Catalan crisis
Barcelona Spain politics Catalonia prison independence
Protesters block train tracks at the Sants Station in Barcelona during a strike called by a pro-independence union in Catalonia
AFP/Madrid
A protest is expected in Barcelona Saturday calling for the release of jailed separatist leaders, the day after pro-independence Catalan parliamentarian Carme Forcadell was freed on bail.
Separatists have called on supporters to match the annual turn-out of Catalonia's national day, when hundreds of thousands gather in the city. The demonstration is due to take place from 17:00 (16:00 GMT).
Forcadell, the sacked speaker of Catalonia's parliament, left a prison near Madrid on Friday hours after supporters posted her bail of 150,000 euros ($175,000), ending her brief detention.
A judge at the Supreme Court in Madrid on Thursday had ordered Forcadell to be held on charges of 'rebellion' -- which carries a maximum jail term of 30 years -- as Spain's worst political crisis in a generation rumbles on.
She was one of several dismissed Catalan officials to be detained after their shock decision last month to declare the region of 7.5 million people independent from Spain.
Forcadell appeared at the Supreme Court in Madrid on Thursday along with five former Catalan lawmakers.
The others were given a temporary reprieve by the judge, who said they must pay 25,000 euros each within a week or be detained.
Acting judge Pablo Llarena said his decision to grant bail was made after they either 'renounced all future political activity' or agreed to respect the law, according to a court document.
The Catalan crisis has caused shock waves across the European Union (EU), prompting nearly 2,400 businesses to move their legal headquarters and re-register outside of the wealthy northeastern region.
Lawmakers opted to split from Spain, claiming they had a mandate after a referendum on October 1 in which 90 percent of voters backed secession.
But less than half of the electorate took part in a vote denounced as illegitimate by Madrid, and Catalans themselves remain deeply split over whether their region should break away from the eurozone's fourth-largest economy.
After the declaration, Madrid dismissed Catalonia's government, dissolved parliament, suspended the region's autonomy and called new elections for the region next month.
- 'Political prisoners' -
Deposed Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont, who fled to Belgium where he is facing extradition back to Spain, has criticised the EU for backing Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in the crisis.
Puigdemont and four former Catalan ministers are due to appear before a Belgian judge next week over the extradition warrant.
Eight members of his former cabinet were detained last week on charges of sedition, rebellion and misuse of public funds for their role in the independence push.
Protesters blocked roads and train lines across Catalonia on Wednesday, provoking commuter anger in a strike called by a pro-independence union over the arrests.
Puigdemont, a 54-year-old former journalist, says he will not get a fair trial in Madrid, and has called on authorities to release Catalan 'political prisoners'.
Puigdemont and Forcadell have lodged complaints against Madrid with the Strasbourg-based European Court of Human Rights, it emerged Friday.
A court spokesman said four Catalan motions had been filed last month by the two Catalan leaders as well as dozens of Catalan parliamentarians.
The court has yet to decide whether to handle the cases.
Forcadell, a lifelong advocate of Catalan independence, has said that as parliamentary speaker she did not have the power to stop the October 27 vote in which lawmakers backed a break from Madrid.
Rajoy has urged voters to turn out en masse for the December 21 elections in Catalonia, a region that accounts for a fifth of Spain's GDP.
Spain said Friday it had noted news manipulation about the Catalan crisis on social media originating 'from Russian territory', adding the issue would be raised at an upcoming EU ministers meeting.
Buckingham Palace conjures up Victorian ghosts in new show
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French minister resigns over use of public funds
MPs approve law on reconstruction of Notre-Dame Paris