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Die Enterprise ( für Unternehmen, Unternehmung) ist ein Prototyp für die Raumfähren aus dem Space-Shuttle-Programm der US-Raumfahrtbehörde NASA. Die interne Bezeichnung lautet OV-101. Der Name "Enterprise" geht auf das fiktive Raumschiff Enterprise aus der Science-Fiction-Serie Star Trek zurück.

Die Raumfähre diente ab 1977 zur Erprobung der Flugfähigkeiten der Space Shuttles in der Atmosphäre. Dazu wurde sie ohne einige wichtige Komponenten wie Triebwerk und Hitzeschild gebaut und war deshalb nicht zu Flügen in den Weltraum fähig. Pläne, sie hierfür nachzurüsten, wurden aus Kostengründen nicht realisiert. Obwohl die Enterprise damit ein Prototyp blieb, wird sie von der NASA als "erstes Space Shuttle" bezeichnet. In den Jahren 1983 und 1984 wurde sie in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern, Kanada und den USA vorgeführt und 1985 schließlich der Smithsonian Institution übergeben, die sie im National Air and Space Museum ausstellte. Im April 2012 wurde die Raumfähre nach New York gebracht, wo sie seither im Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum ausgestellt wird.

Geschichte

Entwicklung

In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren konkurrierten die Sowjetunion und die USA im sogenannten "Wettlauf ins All" darum, welche Nation als erste mit einem Satelliten, später mit einem bemannten Raumschiff in das Weltall vordringen konnte, welche zuerst eine Raumstation errichten und welcher die erste Mondlandung gelingen würde. Beide Seiten setzten dabei auf Techniken, die nur einmal verwendet werden konnten, was wegen der hohen Kosten besonders unwirtschaftlich war. In den USA wandte man sich deshalb ab Mitte der 1960er Jahre vermehrt der Idee zu, einen wiederverwendbaren Raumtransporter zu entwickeln, der wie eine Rakete startet und ähnlich einem Flugzeug zur Erde zurückkehrt. Dies sollte die Kosten eines Raumfluges deutlich senken und so eine Kommerzialisierung der Raumfahrt einläuten. Bereits nach den ersten Entwürfen wurde jedoch schnell klar, dass ein vollständig wiederverwendbares System wegen des hohen Gesamtgewichts technisch unverhältnismäßig aufwendig und deshalb unwirtschaftlich wäre. Die NASA legte sich deswegen am 15. März 1972 auf ein dreiteiliges Konzept fest, bestehend aus einem Orbiter, einem Außentank und zwei Feststoffboostern. Lediglich der Außentank verglüht nach dem Start in der Atmosphäre; die anderen Komponenten kehren auf unterschiedlichen Wegen zur Erde zurück und können erneut eingesetzt werden.

Bau und Namensgebung

Am 26. Juli 1972 vergab die NASA den Auftrag für den Bau des Orbiters an den Flugzeug- und Rüstungshersteller Rockwell. Der Vertrag hatte einen Umfang von 2,6 Milliarden US-Dollar. Es folgten Vereinbarungen mit Martin Marietta über die Anfertigung des Außentanks am 16. August 1973 und mit Morton Thiokol über die Herstellung der Feststoffbooster am 27. Juni 1974.

Nach längerer Detailplanung begann Rockwell am 4. Juni 1974 mit den Fertigungsarbeiten am OV-101 auf der Air Force Plant 42 im kalifornischen Palmdale. Die Buchstabenkombination 'OV' in der internen Bezeichnung steht für "Orbiter Vehicle" (deutsch etwa: "Orbiter-Fahrzeug"), womit die Raumfähre ohne Tank und Booster gemeint ist. Am 12. März 1976 wurde der Zusammenbau abgeschlossen. Auf das Haupttriebwerk und den Hitzeschild wurde verzichtet, da OV-101 zunächst nur dazu eingesetzt werden sollte, zu erproben, wie sich ein Space Shuttle in der Atmosphäre fliegen und landen lässt. Die Option, den Orbiter nachträglich bis zur vollen Einsatzfähigkeit aufzurüsten, wurde letztlich verworfen.

Am 17. September 1976, dem Jahrestag der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten, verließ die Raumfähre den Hangar der Konstruktionsstätte und wurde der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Sie sollte ursprünglich den Namen "Constitution" (engl. für 'Verfassung') tragen. Allerdings hatten zigtausende Fans der Science-Fiction-Fernsehserie Star Trek (deutsch: Raumschiff Enterprise) in Briefen an das Weiße Haus den damaligen US-Präsidenten Gerald Ford darum gebeten, den Orbiter nach dem Raumschiff aus dieser Serie zu taufen. Gleichzeitig hat der Name "Enterprise" Tradition in der Benennung von US-Kriegsschiffen und steht für menschliches Vorwärtsstreben. Zur feierlichen Öffentlichkeitspremiere des Orbiters wurden Star-Trek-Erfinder Gene Roddenberry sowie die Darsteller der Fernsehserie eingeladen und die Titelmusik von Star Trek gespielt.

Atmosphärische Flug- und Landetests

Am 31. Januar 1977 wurde die Enterprise von Palmdale über Land zum rund 60 Kilometer entfernten Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) auf der Edwards Air Force Base transportiert. Dort wurde sie in den nächsten neun Monaten verschiedenen Tests unterzogen, die unter der Bezeichnung Approach and Landing Tests (wörtlich: "Anflug- und Landetests"), kurz ALT, zusammengefasst wurden. Untersucht wurde nicht nur die Einsatztauglichkeit der Space Shuttles, sondern auch die Möglichkeit, sie huckepack auf dem Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), einer modifizierten Boeing 747, zu transportieren. Das ALT-Programm lässt sich in drei Phasen einteilen: Rolltests, gekoppelte Flüge und freie Flüge.

Die erste Testphase bestand aus drei Rollversuchen, sogenannte Taxi Tests, die alle am 15. Februar 1977 stattfanden. Als Taxiing bezeichnet man die Bewegung eines Luftfahrzeugs auf dem Boden aus eigener Kraft. Hier wurde zunächst das Verhalten des Huckepackgespanns aus Space Shuttle und SCA untersucht. Die Enterprise war auf den Rücken des SCA montiert und trug eine aerodynamische Triebwerksverkleidung, blieb aber ohne Besatzung und abgeschaltet. Das SCA beschleunigte das Gespann auf bis zu 253 km/h, ohne von der Startbahn abzuheben.

Die zweite Testphase begann drei Tage später, als das SCA erstmals mit der Enterprise abhob. Von Februar bis Juli 1977 absolvierte das Huckepackgespann insgesamt acht gekoppelte Flüge (Captive Tests). Bei allen war die Triebwerksverkleidung am Heck der Enterprise montiert. Die ersten fünf dieser Flüge sollten nur die Flugfähigkeit des Gespanns zeigen, sodass die Enterprise auch hier ausgeschaltet und unbemannt blieb. Die übrigen gekoppelten Flüge im Juni und Juli 1977 dienten außerdem der Vorbereitung der bevorstehenden Freiflüge. Eine Besatzung aus je zwei Astronauten war an Bord der Enterprise, um verschiedene Prozeduren zu erproben. Beispielsweise fuhr die Besatzung am Ende des letzten gekoppelten Flugs das Fahrwerk der Enterprise aus.

In der dritten Testphase unternahm die Enterprise insgesamt fünf Freiflugversuche (Free Flights). Das SCA brachte die Raumfähre in eine Höhe von zwischen 16.000 und 30.000 Fuß (etwa 4,8 bis 9,1 Kilometer), in der sie erstmals am 12. August 1977 vom SCA getrennt wurde, um danach selbständig einen Landeanflug und eine Landung zu bewerkstelligen. Die letzten beiden freien Flüge wurden ohne die aerodynamische Verkleidung durchgeführt, um einen Anflug einschließlich Landung so realistisch wie möglich zu simulieren. Das Space Shuttle war nach wie vor nicht mit einem eigenen Antriebssystem ausgestattet und wurde im Gleitflug gelandet, wie es auch später nach Weltraummissionen geschehen sollte. Die ersten vier Landungen fanden auf einem ausgetrockneten See statt, die letzte auf einer Landebahn der Edwards Air Force Base.

Die Approach and Landing Tests entsprachen weitestgehend den zuvor angenommenen Verläufen. Einige dabei aufgedeckte Probleme konnten umgehend behoben werden. Das Flugverhalten der Enterprise übertraf die Erwartungen sogar.

Schwingungsprüfungen

Nach Abschluss des ALT-Programms wurde die Enterprise zum Hangar der NASA auf dem DFRC zurückgebracht, wo sie für die nachfolgenden Schwingungsprüfungen präpariert wurde. Am 13. März 1978 transportierte das SCA den Orbiter zum Marshall Space Flight Center der NASA in Huntsville (Alabama). Dort wurde der Orbiter mit dem externen Tank und den Feststoffboostern verbunden. Zum ersten Mal waren alle drei Hauptkomponenten der Startkonfiguration eines Space Shuttles vereint. Die Kombination wurde einer Reihe von Erschütterungstests, sogenannten Vertical Ground Vibration Tests unterzogen, um die Stabilität der Verbindung und der einzelnen Elemente zu überprüfen und die Ergebnisse mit den theoretischen mathematischen Modellen zu vergleichen. Im März 1979 waren diese Tests abgeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten im Wesentlichen Daten, die man aus Versuchen mit kleineren, maßstabsgetreuen Modellen errechnet hatte. Sie führten dennoch zu mehreren Änderungen am Design der Raumfähre, beispielsweise wurden die Feststoffbooster im vorderen Teil verstärkt. Die Ingenieure waren zuversichtlich, dass das Space Shuttle den Erschütterungen eines Fluges standhalten würde.

Vorbereitungen für die erste Space-Shuttle-Mission

Am 10. April 1979 wurde der Orbiter mittels des SCA zum Kennedy Space Center überführt. Hier waren die Vorbereitungen für die Mission STS-1, den ersten Weltraumflug eines Space Shuttles, bereits in vollem Gange. Das dafür vorgesehene Shuttle, die Columbia, war schon zweieinhalb Wochen zuvor eingetroffen und wurde auf seinen Jungfernflug vorbereitet. Sein Hitzeschild war noch unvollständig, außerdem fehlten die Haupt- und die OMS-Triebwerke sowie eine Vielzahl von Messwertgebern. Derweil wurde die Enterprise im Vehicle Assembly Building mit dem Außentank und den Feststoffboostern verbunden und am 1. Mai 1979 von dort zur Startrampe 39A gebracht. Diese stammte aus dem Apollo-Programm und war für die Space-Shuttle-Starts umgebaut worden. Mithilfe der Enterprise wurden die Anpassungen überprüft. Insbesondere wurde verifiziert, dass ein Space Shuttle mit Außentank und Boostern in die Startrampe passte und sich die Zugangs- und Wartungsebenen an den richtigen Stellen befanden. Während einer knapp drei Monate dauernden Generalprobe wurden außerdem verschiedene Prozeduren geübt, beispielsweise das Betanken.

Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Außerdienststellung

Am 16. August 1979 flog die Enterprise huckepack auf dem SCA zurück zum DFRC, von wo sie wiederum über Land zur Fertigungsanlage von Rockwell in Palmdale transportiert wurde. Dort wurden verschiedene Bauteile aus dem Orbiter demontiert und so aufbereitet, dass sie in anderen Space Shuttles verbaut werden konnten. Danach wurde die Enterprise am 6. September 1981 abermals ins DFRC zurückgebracht.

Inzwischen hatte die Columbia im April 1981 als erstes Space Shuttle einen Weltraumflug unternommen. Zwar war ursprünglich geplant gewesen, die Enterprise nach ihren Testeinsätzen mit den gleichen Systemen wie die Columbia auszustatten. Der Einbau von Triebwerken, Hitzeschild und anderen Komponenten hätte die Fähre für Weltraumflüge tauglich gemacht, und sie wäre nach der Columbia das zweite Space Shuttle im Weltraum geworden. Weil jedoch die Konstruktion der Space Shuttles während des Baus der Columbia geändert wurde, um Gewicht zu sparen, wurde dieser Plan verworfen. Um die Enterprise an den Rest der Shuttle-Flotte anzupassen, wären zahlreiche Änderungen notwendig geworden, weshalb sich die NASA letzten Endes aufgrund der hohen Kosten gegen einen solchen Umbau entschied.

Im Mai und Juni des Jahres 1983 wurde die Enterprise in verschiedenen Ländern ausgestellt. In Frankreich war sie auf der Pariser Luftfahrtschau zu sehen, in Deutschland auf dem Flughafen Köln/Bonn, außerdem in Italien, England und Kanada. 1984 war sie als Exponat auf der Weltausstellung in New Orleans zu besichtigen.

Danach hatte das Space Shuttle seinen letzten offiziellen Einsatz: Von der Weltausstellung wurde die Raumfähre im November 1984 zur kalifornischen Vandenberg Air Force Base verbracht. Auf der Luftwaffenbasis war die Startrampe SLC-6 für Space Shuttles umgebaut worden, und die Enterprise sollte wie bereits auf dem Kennedy Space Center unter Beweis stellen, dass die Modifikationen gelungen waren. Sie wurde zusammen mit Außentank und Boostern auf die Rampe gestellt und für mehrere Ablaufproben verwendet. Nach den erfolgreichen Tests transportierte das SCA die Enterprise am 24. Mai 1985 zurück ins DFRC. Das Projekt wurde allerdings nach der Challenger-Katastrophe aufgegeben, sodass kein anderes Space Shuttle je auf dieser Startrampe stand.

Am 18. November 1985 wurde die Enterprise vom DFRC nach Washington, D.C. transportiert, der Smithsonian Institution gestiftet und damit endgültig offiziell außer Dienst gestellt.

Nach dem Challenger-Unglück
Am 28. Januar 1986 zerbrach das Space Shuttle Challenger 73 Sekunden nach dem Start in rund 15 Kilometern Höhe. Bei dem Unfall kamen alle sieben Besatzungsmitglieder ums Leben, die Challenger-Katastrophe war zu diesem Zeitpunkt die größte Katastrophe der Raumfahrtgeschichte.

Die NASA prüfte daraufhin verschiedene Optionen zur Erweiterung der nun nur noch aus drei Orbitern bestehenden Space-Shuttle-Flotte. Unter anderem wurde erneut überlegt, die Enterprise als Ersatz für die Challenger einzusetzen. Sie mit allen notwendigen Geräten für den Einsatz im Weltraum nachzurüsten war jedoch zu kostenaufwendig. Die Entscheidung fiel zugunsten eines günstigeren Neubaus aus Ersatzteilen, die bei der Produktion der Space Shuttles Discovery und Atlantis angefertigt worden waren. Die neue Fähre erhielt den Namen Endeavour.

Nach dem Columbia-Unglück
Kurz vor Ende der Mission STS-107 brach am 1. Februar 2003 das Space Shuttle Columbia im Sinkflug über Texas auseinander. Alle sieben Besatzungsmitglieder wurden getötet. Untersuchungen des Absturzes ergaben, dass eine Beschädigung des Hitzeschilds die wahrscheinlichste Ursache war. Ein Stück der Schaumstoffisolierung des Außentanks war beim Start abgebrochen und hatte die linke Tragfläche getroffen. Um die Auswirkungen eines solchen Treffers zu zeigen, wurde der Aufschlag des Schaumstoffteils nachgestellt. Für die Versuche wurden unter anderem Teile von der Vorderkante eines Flügels der Enterprise demontiert und im Labor mit Schaumstoff von der Außentankisolierung beschossen. Die Tests bestätigten, dass ein solcher Treffer den Hitzeschild durchbrechen und so zur Zerstörung des Shuttles beim Wiedereintritt führen konnte.

Museumsexponat

Nachdem das Smithsonian die Enterprise 1985 erhalten hatte, lagerte es die Fähre zunächst der Öffentlichkeit nicht zugänglich in einem Hangar auf dem Washington Dulles International Airport und stellte sie später in dem 2003 fertiggestellten Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center des National Air and Space Museums aus. Dort war sie für mehrere Jahre das zentrale Ausstellungsstück.

Mit dem Ende des Space-Shuttle-Programmes verteilte die NASA die Flotte als Exponate an verschiedene Museen in den USA. Das National Air and Space Museum bekam mit der Discovery das dienstälteste und am weitesten gereiste Shuttle zugesprochen. Im Gegenzug gab sie die Enterprise an ein anderes Museum weiter. Am 11. Dezember 2011 wurde der Prototyp an das New Yorker Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum verkauft. Am 17. April 2012 traf die Discovery per SCA in Washington ein, zwei Tage später löste sie die Enterprise dort im Rahmen einer Zeremonie außerhalb des Museums ab. Nachdem Untersuchungen bereits Anfang 2010 ergeben hatten, dass ein Transport der Enterprise auch nach der langen Standzeit noch immer sicher sei, wurde das Shuttle am 27. April 2012 per SCA zum New Yorker JFK Airport geflogen, dort am 3. Juni auf einen Lastkahn verladen, mit dem es drei Tage später im Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum ankam. Ihren Standplatz erhielt die Enterprise dort auf dem ehemaligen Flugzeugträger USS Intrepid. Während des Transports wurde die Enterprise an einer Flügelspitze leicht beschädigt, als sie an einem Brückenpfeiler anstieß. Seit dem 30. August 2012 ist sie als Exponat der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich.

Bauliche Besonderheiten
Als Prototyp vorerst nicht für den Weltraumflug ausgerüstet, fehlten der Enterprise von Anfang an wichtige Komponenten. Außerdem zogen die Erfahrungen, die man bei ihrem Bau und den mit ihr durchgeführten Tests gewonnen hatte, eine abweichende Konstruktion der späteren Orbiter nach sich. Die Enterprise unterscheidet sich daher in einigen markanten Punkten von ihren Nachfolgern.

Zunächst verfügt sie nicht über ein Antriebssystem. Ihre Haupt- und Hilfstriebwerke sind nur Attrappen. Die zugehörigen Treibstofftanks und -leitungen fehlen. Das Cockpit und die Mannschaftsräume sind im Vergleich mit den weltraumtauglichen Orbitern nur mit wenigen Anzeigen und Kontrollinstrumenten ausgestattet. Navigationssysteme wie etwa Sternsensoren oder Head-Up-Displays sind ebenso wenig vorhanden wie Anzeigen für den Außentank und die Feststoffbooster. Die Enterprise hat weder über den Köpfen der Piloten noch im Flugdeck achtern Fenster, eine Luftschleuse ist auch nicht installiert. Die Mannschaftsräume sind nicht für einen längeren Aufenthalt von Astronauten ausgestattet; beispielsweise ist keine Kombüse eingebaut. Die interne Stromversorgung basierte auf Batterien anstelle der späteren Brennstoffzellen und konnte nicht die für einen Weltraumflug notwendige Energie erzeugen. Die Ladebucht hat keine Halterungen für Nutzlast. Die Ladebuchttüren haben weder einen Mechanismus zum Öffnen noch die Radiatoren auf der Innenseite, die ein Überhitzen der Shuttles im Weltraum verhindern. Anstelle von Hitzeschutzkacheln hat der Prototyp Kacheln aus Polyurethan und glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, die einem Wiedereintritt in die Erdatmosphäre nicht standgehalten hätten. Das Fahrwerk wurde mit Sprengbolzen ausgefahren. Die hydraulischen Mechanismen der späteren Orbiter fehlen ebenso wie ein manuelles Reservesystem. Die Enterprise hebt sich jedoch nicht nur durch die vielen Komponenten ab, die bei ihrem Bau eingespart wurden, weil sie erst für Weltraumflüge notwendig geworden wären. Sie ist auch mit zusätzlichen Systemen ausgestattet, mit denen der Prototyp Daten sammeln konnte. So trägt sie an ihrer Nase ein Pitotrohr zur Messung von Luftströmungen. Die anderen Space Shuttles müssen auf dieses Messinstrument verzichten, da ihre Nasen mit einem Hitzeschutz verkleidet sind.

Vornehmlich die Schwingungsprüfungen, denen die Enterprise im März 1978 unterzogen worden war, hatten eine Reihe von zusätzlichen Änderungen am Design der später gebauten Orbiter zur Folge. So verlangten die neuen Spezifikationen ein geringeres Gewicht. Flügel und Rumpf sollten stabiler werden. Verschiedene Bauteile aus Aluminium wurden außerdem bei den nachfolgenden Orbitern durch Titanteile ersetzt, um Gewicht einzusparen. Aus den gleichen Gründen verzichtete man beim Bau der späteren Shuttles auch auf die Schleudersitze, mit denen die Enterprise noch ausgerüstet worden war. Die von Lockheed hergestellten Sitze hätten die beiden Piloten im Notfall durch zwei Aluminiumpaneele in der Decke des Shuttles ins Freie katapultieren können. Lediglich die Columbia hatte anfangs ebenfalls Schleudersitze; diese wurden zunächst deaktiviert und später ausgebaut.

Wäre ein Nachrüsten der für die Erprobungsphase eingesparten Systeme noch relativ kostengünstig möglich gewesen, hätten die konzeptionellen Änderungen umfangreiche und somit teure Anpassungen notwendig gemacht; die Enterprise flog daher niemals in den Weltraum.

Weblinks

 Enterprise (OV-101) – Shuttle-Beschreibung auf den Internet-Seiten der NASA (englisch)

 NASA Space Shuttle Enterprise auf aerospaceweb.org (englisch)

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

Experimentalflugzeug
Space Shuttles
NASA
Wikipedia:Artikel mit Video
Individuelles Luftfahrzeug


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Affirmation of Common Children
Application for Marriage License
Required Premarital Statement
Search Marriage Licenses Online
Florida Statute 741.01 in part states that the Clerk of Circuit Court acts as agent for the State of Florida for issuing Marriage Licenses. The Marriage License Department is here to answer your questions concerning obtaining a Marriage License in Madison County.
For advise to newly married couples or those about to get married we suggest you visit the Family Law section of the Florida Bar Web Site. This gives you some advice on the legal issues to be considered when you get married.
Some frequently asked questions
What is needed to get a Marriage License?
Both parties must provide proof of the following:
Identification in the form of a drivers license, state ID or passport.
U.S. Citizens must provide their Social Security Number. Non Citizens may provide a Social Security Number or an Alien Registration Number issued by the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Proof of age. Both parties must be at least 18 years of age.
An application form must be completed. If either party has been previously married, you must note on the application how and when the marriage ended.
The fee for the Marriage License is $86.00. This fee is reduced to $61.00 for Florida Residents who have completed a premarital preparation course as provided in Florida Statute 741.0305(5) .
Do both parties have to be present at the Clerks Office to apply for a license?
Yes. Both parties must sign the application form and take an oath to the truthfulness of the information provided.
Is a blood test required?
No. A blood test is no longer required in the State of Florida.
Is there a waiting period for the issuance of a Marriage License?
There is no waiting period for Florida Residents who have presented the following.
Certificate of completion of a premarital preparation course from a qualified course provider.
How long is the Marriage License valid?
Florida Marriage Licenses are good for 60 days from the effective date.
Must I apply for a Marriage License in the County where I live?
No. A Marriage License can be applied for and solemnized in any Florida County.
Who may perform Marriage Ceremonies?
All regularly ordained ministers of the gospel, elders in communion with a church, or other ordained clergy.
All Judicial Officers, including retired Judicial Officers, Clerks of the Circuit Court, and Notary Publics of this State.
"Quakers" and "Friends" may perform marriages in the manner and form used and practiced in their societies.
Who is a regularly ordained minister?
A minister who has been recognized in the manner required by the regulations of the respective denomination to perform marriage ceremonies.
May I get married by a captain aboard a ship?
Yes. If the Captain is a Notary and the ship is in Florida Waters (within 3 geographic miles of the coastline) at the time of the ceremony.
May a marriage be solemnized without a license?
No. Florida Statute 741.08 states in part that the party solemnizing the marriage shall require a properly issued license before performing the ceremony, and within 10 days after the ceremony, he shall make a certificate thereof the license and shall transmit the same to the Clerk of the Circuit Court from which it was issued.
Can I be married in the Clerks Office?
No. The Madison County Clerk does not provide this service.
How long does it take to get a copy of the marriage record, and the costs?
You will receive a certified copy of the Marriage Certificate within 7 days after the officiator returns it to the Clerks Office to be recorded. There is no charge for this copy. Additional certified copies cost $3.00.
Can a person marry someone to whom they are related?
Florida law prohibits a person marrying anyone to whom they are related by lineal consanguinity. The nearest degree of relations who may legally marry in the State of Florida is first cousins.
Do one or both applicants have to be U.S. Citizens?
No. There are no citizenship or residency requirements.
May a license be issued to persons 16 or 17 years of age?
With written consent from both parents or guardian.
If minor has been previously married.
A County Judge can wave the age requirement for applicants that prove they are parents or expectant parents.
If both parents are deceased.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SKIMMING THE SURFACE RUSSIAN HYDROFOIL IS A CUT ABOVE BROWARD CRAFT IN SPEED AND EFFICIENCY
Craig Davis, Outdoors WriterSUN-SENTINEL
For macho Soviet boatmen interested in impressing their comrades at the waterfront bars on the Volga River, tooling up in a sleek, black hydrofoil would figure to be a guaranteed attention grabber.
Even among the glittering fleet of fast boats that flit along the inland waterways of Broward County, the impact is the same.
"Everybody takes a double look. They say, 'What the hell is that?' " says Dr. Bernard Abrams, latest keeper of the peculiar Russian runabout.
It is a 28-foot Volga 70 hydrofoil, which Leonid Brezhnev presented to Richard Nixon in 1972 during the former president's trip to the Soviet Union. Black must have been in that year; Nixon gave his host a black Cadillac.
The surface-skimming speedboat was an appropriate gift for Nixon to use for joyriding from his Florida White House at Key Biscayne. However, it apparently saw little, if any, duty on Biscayne Bay. According to a 1974 newspaper clipping, Nixon took two or three rides in the hydrofoil before it was placed in dry dock at the Coast Guard station on Miami Beach.
An article in U.S. News & World Report said the hydrofoil sat in Washington for several years as part of a display of presidential gifts. It finally found a home in South Florida via a roundabout route, serving first as a lake patrol boat for a community in Nebraska. Abrams acquired it from an oceanographic society, which received it as a donation.
"I had given them a boat that was too big for me. I told them if they got something interesting to contact me. It is different; it's one of a kind," Abrams said.
Even disregarding its colorful history, the Russian hydrofoil would qualify as one of the most unusual offshore fishing boats in an area glutted with every type imaginable. Its present use would likely surprise the Soviets, who designed it as a coastal commuter. Abrams removed seats for added cockpit space and added outriggers and a pair of rod holders.
"It works fine for fishing and it gets you there in a hurry," he said. "And the economy is great; it only burns four gallons of gas an hour."
Hydrofoils aren't noted for their seaworthiness, as the foiled cruise venture between Fort Lauderdale and the Bahamas demonstrated a few years ago. That doesn't dissuade Abrams from venturing offshore to troll in the Gulf Stream. It performs reasonably well in a moderate chop, he said.
The main attribute of the hydrofoil is efficiency of operation. The stainless steel foils at the bow and stern, which lift the hull out of the water and skate across the surface at cruising speed, enable the boat to run substantially faster and consume less fuel than a conventional planing hull of similar size and power.
Abrams' hydrofoil just received a new infusion of power with the installation of a 146-horsepower, four-cylinder Volvo gasoline engine and outdrive to replace a worn-out diesel system. During a test run last week on the Intracoastal Waterway, it scooted along at 40 mph or better at 3,500 rpm, outdistancing traffic on A1A.
"If you didn't have the foils, you'd need at least 200 horsepower to push this boat as fast," said Bob Bigger, whose AAA Marine Diesel of Deerfield Beach did the work. "This engine is designed for a boat 17 to 21 feet. With the smaller boat, you'd get 30 to 35 mph; on a 21-foot fiberglass hull, it would be around 25 mph."
Bigger practically qualifies as an expert on fixing hydrofoils, having worked on a similar boat in Fort Lauderdale. Despite the unique problems this job presented, he decided to take it because the boat was so unusual. It took a special propeller and an 8-inch extension on the outdrive shaft to produce the desired performance.
The extra-long drive shaft is necessary to keep the propeller in the water with the boat riding on the foils. Assisted by steps along the chines, the bow begins to rise out of the water at 12 mph and the whole boat is airborne at 15 mph, Bigger said. At high speed, the wake it throws is negligible.
It isn't very sharp on the turns, but sitting high on the foils the ride is invigorating over a smooth straightaway. Appropriately, the hull, built of riveted aluminum, is constructed similar to an aircraft body.
The Volga 70 is an unusual vessel, though Soviet boat builders have a lot to learn about styling -- the sexy European look apparently stops at the Iron Curtain. That is not to say Volga boatmen don't know how to party on the water. When Nixon received the boat, it was reportedly outfitted with wolf- and wildcat-skin carpets, and had a built-in bar with a dozen Georgian drinking goblets.
In the age of detente, that was the Kremlin's version of From Russia With Love.


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Schlock-Wire: Specs For Scream Factory's Double-Disc Blu-Ray Sets Of JEEPERS CREEPERS And JEEPERS CREEPERS 2
by DonPosted on May 4, 2016
On June 14, 2016, Scream Factory presents the definitive home video release of one of the scariest modern-classic horror films ever made and its sequel, Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2. Each release comes in a 2-disc Collector's Edition set packed with a treasure trove of extras, both existing and newly produced.
JEEPERS CREEPERS
On a desolate country highway, two homeward-bound teens (Gina Philips, The Sickhouse and Justin Long, Drag Me to Hell) are nearly run off the road by a maniac in a beat-up truck… and later spot him shoving what appears to be a body down a sewer pipe. But when they stop to investigate, they discover that the grisly reality at the bottom of that pipe is far worse than they could have ever suspected… and that they are now the targets of an evil far more unspeakable – and unstoppable – than they could have ever imagined!
Jeepers Creepers (Collector's Edition) includes the new 2K scan of the interpositive film, the new interviews Jeepers Creepers: Then and Now – with writer/director Victor Salva, producer Barry Opper, director of photography Don FauntLeRoy, editor Ed Marx and actor Tom Tarantini, From Critters to Creepers – an interview with producer Barry Opper, The Town Psychic – an interview with actress Patricia Belcher, and a new audio commentary with writer/director Victor Salva and stars Gina Philips and Justin Long.
When their bus is crippled on the side of a deserted road, a team of high school athletes discover an opponent they cannot defeat – and may not survive. Staring hungrily at them through the school bus windows, the "Creeper" returns again and again. But when the teammates discover that it's selective about whom it attacks, it will test their ability to stick together – as the insatiable menace tries to tear them apart!
This chilling sequel to the hit film Jeepers Creepers stars Ray Wise (Twin Peaks, RoboCop), Eric Nenninger (Malcolm in the Middle), Nicki Aycox (Joy Ride 2) and Jonathan Breck returning as The Creeper.
Jeepers Creepers 2 comes complete with the news interviews Jeepers Creepers 2: Then and Now – with writer/director Victor Salva, director of photography Don FauntLeRoy, editor Ed Marx and actor Tom Tarantini, A Father's Revenge – an interview with actor Ray Wise, and Don't Get Off the Bus – interviews with actors Tom Tarantini, Thom Gossom Jr. and Diane Delano.
Full List of Special Features:
JEEPERS CREEPERS (Collector's Edition)
NEW 2K scan of the inter-positive
NEW Audio Commentary with writer/director Victor Salva, stars Gina Philips and Justin Long
Audio Commentary By writer/director Victor Salva
NEW JEEPERS CREEPERS: Then and Now featuring interviews with writer/director Victor Salva, producer Barry Opper, director of photography Don FauntLeRoy, editor Ed Marx and actor Tom Tarantini (37 minutes)
NEW From Critters to Creepers – an interview with producer Barry Opper (19 minutes)
NEW The Town Psychic – an interview with actress Patricia Belcher (16 minutes)
Behind The Peepers: The Making of JEEPERS CREEPERS featuring writer/director Victor Salva, producer Tom Luse, actors Gina Philips, Justin Long, Eileen Brennan, Jonathan Breck and more… (60 minutes)
Deleted & Extended Scenes including an alternate opening and ending sequence (17 minutes)
Radio Spot
JEEPERS CREEPERS 2 (Collector's Edition)
Audio Commentary by writer/director Victor Salva and cast members
Audio Commentary by Jonathan Breck (The Creeper), Brad Parker (Production Illustrator) and Brian Penikas (Special Effects Makeup)
NEW JEEPERS CREEPERS 2: Then and Now featuring new interviews with writer/director Victor Salva, director of photography Don FauntLeRoy, editor Ed Marx and actor Tom Tarantini (22 minutes)
NEW A Father's Revenge – an interview with actor Ray Wise (15 minutes)
NEW Don't Get Off the Bus – interviews with actors Tom Tarantini, Thom Gossom Jr. and Diane Delano (20 minutes)
A Day in Hell – A look at the filming of JEEPERS CREEPERS 2 (26 minutes)
Lights, Camera, Creeper: The Making of JEEPERS CREEPERS 2 featuring writer/director Victor Salva, actors Travis Schiffner, Josh Hammond, Billy Aaron Brown, Eric Nenninger, Nicki Aycox, director of photography Don FauntLeRoy and more… (15 minutes)
Creeper Creation featuring interviews with production illustrator Brad Parker, special make-up effects artist Brian Penikas and Jonathan Breck (12 minutes)
The Orphanage Visual Effects Reel (4 minutes)
Creeper Composer – an interview with composer Bennett Salvay and writer/director Victor Salva (10 minutes)
Storyboard Renditions of Scenes Not Filmed – "The Creeper's Lair" and "Ventriloquist Creeper"
Deleted Scenes (16 minutes)
Posted in Schlock-WireTagged Blu-Ray, Gina Philips, Jeepers Creepers, Jeepers Creepers 2, Justin Long, Ray Wise, Scream Factory, Victor Salva, horror
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Section 2. Clause 1. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Office, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
Surprisingly little discussion of the Commander-in-Chief clause is found in the Convention or in the ratifying debates. From the evidence available, it appears that the Framers vested the duty in the President because experience in the Continental Congress had disclosed the inexpediency of vesting command in a group and because the lesson of English history was that danger lurked in vesting command in a person separate from the responsible political leaders.111 But the principal concern here is the nature of the power granted by the clause.
111 May, The President Shall Be Commander in Chief, in THE ULTIMATE DECISION—THE PRESIDENT AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF (E. May ed., 1960), 1. In the Virginia ratifying convention, Madison, replying to Patrick Henry's objection that danger lurked in giving the President control of the military, said: "Would the honorable member say that the sword ought to be put in the hands of the representatives of the people, or in other hands independent of the government altogether?" 3 J. ELLIOT, THE DEBATES IN THE SEVERAL STATE CONVENTIONS ON THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 393 (1836). In the North Carolina convention, Iredell said: "From the nature of the thing, the command of armies ought to be delegated to one person only. The secrecy, dispatch, and decision, which are necessary in military operations can only be expected from one person." 4 id. at 107.
112 THE FEDERALIST, No. 69 (J. Cooke ed. 1961), 465.
113 3 J. STORY, COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 1486 (1833).
114 Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. (9 How.) 603, 615, 618 (1850).
115 Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 2, 139 (1866).
116 1 Stat. 424 (1795): 2 Stat. 443 (1807), now 10 U.S.C. §§ 331-334. See also Martin v. Mott, 25 U.S. (12 Wheat.) 19, 32-33 (1827), asserting the finality of the President's judgment of the existence of a state of facts requiring his exercise of the powers conferred by the act of 1795.
117 7 J. Richardson, supra at 3221, 3232.
118 67 U.S. (2 Bl.) 635 (1863).
119 7 J. Richardson, supra at 3215, 3216, 3481.
120 67 U.S. (2 Bl.) at 668-70.
121 See generally, E. CORWIN, TOTAL WAR AND THE CONSTITUTION (1946).
122 12 Stat. 326 (1861).
123 J. RANDALL, CONSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS UNDER LINCOLN 118-139 (rev. ed. 1951).
124 E.g., Attorney General Biddle's justification of seizure of a plant during World War II: "As Chief Executive and as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, the President possesses an aggregate of powers that are derived from the Constitution and from various statutes enacted by the Congress for the purpose of carrying on the war.... In time of war when the existence of the nation is at stake, this aggregate of powers includes authority to take reasonable steps to prevent nation-wide labor disturbances that threaten to interfere seriously with the conduct of the war. The fact that the initial impact of these disturbances is on the production or distribution of essential civilian goods is not a reason for denying the Chief Executive and the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy the power to take steps to protect the nation's war effort." 40 Ops. Atty. Gen. 312, 319-320 (1944). Prior to the actual beginning of hostilities, Attorney General Jackson asserted the same justification upon seizure of an aviation plant. E. CORWIN, TOTAL WAR AND THE CONSTITUTION 47-48 (1946).


BerGenBio AS is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. The company is committed to developing innovative therapeutics that inhibit EMT, prevent the formation of cancer stem cells and disrupt the cellular mechanisms that drive acquired cancer drug resistance. The company is founded on proprietary platform technology, CellSelect™, which uses information from RNAi screening studies to identify and validate novel drug targets and biomarkers. BGB324 is the first compound in BerGenBio's pipeline to enter clinical trials in AML and NSCLC, with additional compounds and drug targets at different stages of preclinical development.


Free State Corvette Club participates in the Catonsville 4th of July parade.
And in case you missed the picture of the newest Kinnear that the proud grandparents were flashing yesterday.
8 pounds, 5 ounces, 21 inches long.


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Ontario toddler in critical condition after near-drowning
By KJ Mullins Jul 12, 2010 in Health
Ajax - A toddler is at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto following a near-drowning in a pond on his family's property Sunday.
At about 9:50 a.m. Sunday the 18-month-old child was found by his mother lying face down in a pond on the family's residence in Ajax. While her husband started CPR the mother called 911. Durham Regional Police, paramedics and fire responded continuing first aid. The child's heartbeat was re-established. En route to a local hospital the toddler began to breathe. The child was taken to Sick Kids Hospital where he is listed in critical condition.
Durham Regional Police continue to support the family during this horrible tragedy and encourage all families to exercise extreme care when dealing with water safety during the summer months.
More about Ajax, Drowning, Toddler
ajax drowning toddler


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Remove the stress of your upcoming move by calling Blackhawk to assist you with the details. Once you take a look at the McHenry moving services we offer, you will feel the stress melt away. The reason is we can handle every detail of your moving process.
Not only does your McHenry mover have a staff fully capable of providing comprehensive moving services, but we also care about your well-being throughout the move. We put a personal touch on moving.
Even though you will be staying in the area, Blackhawk still begins every move with a pre-move consultation.
As one of the best McHenry movers, we constantly monitor the progression your shipment makes until it reaches the final destination.
Have your employees use our corporate relocation services for a seamless transfer.
Your documents, furniture and other odds-and-ends will be safe inside of our monitored facility.
Choose the McHenry movers that will get the job done right the first time around. There is no room for mistakes, which is why we hire the most knowledgeable professionals willing to go the distance for our customers. Contact your McHenry moving company today to discuss what type of moving and/or storage solutions you will need.


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You Need to See Every Corner of El Nido's Artists' Village
It supports craftsmen from all over Palawan.
By Christa De La Cruz for Spot.ph | Oct 27, 2018
IMAGE CHRISTA I. DE LA CRUZ
Visit Lio Tourism Estate in El Nido, Palawan and you'd never want to leave the island paradise. It has a long stretch of white-sand beach, low-rise boutique hotels, rows of restaurants with al fresco dining, a craft beer station (where you can get caramel beer for just P100), and retail stores in case you run out of sunblock or a clean pair of bikini. And within this 325-hectare Ayala-owned tourism property is an artists' village called Kalye Artisano. Open daily from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., it's the first thing you'll see coming into the tourism estate from Lio Airport.
PHOTO BY Christa I. De La Cruz
Every letter in this mural is representative not only of Palawan's culture, but also of the province's biodiversity.
Kalye Artisano, which opened in November 2017, is the pet project of Bea Zobel Jr. and Paloma Urquijo Zobel. When the idea to move to Palawan and set up a community-based artisan village was introduced to them by Bea's older brother Fernando Zobel, the mother-and-daughter tandem immediately accepted the challenge.
Manggad sells Palawan-made items in vibrant patterns.
Not your usual ref magnets, these wood masks make perfect souvenirs.
K Art Collective sells yarn craft such as these cute pawikan-inspired items.
Every day is an art fair at Kalye Artisano.
Kaingud Arts and Crafts specializes in tribal accessories and assemblages.
Visitors can just hang out at the stores and learn more about Palawan arts and crafts.
At present, it currently features more than a handful of stores that sell artworks, postcards, souvenir shirts, home decor, and jewelry. The overall design—wood flooring, handwoven mats on the walls, and thatched roof—matches the items they have on display. Sometimes, you'll see local artists like Nuno Finez and Pagasa Donato making their next creation in their shops. Workshops on buri weaving, jewelry-making, and basic painting are also often held in the common area.
Artists at Kalye Artisano are one with El Nido Resorts' and Lio Tourism Estate's commitment to sustainable tourism by creating functional art from trash.
Lio Tourism Estate is in the middle of expanding Kalye Artisano with new stores and artist studios expected to open later this year. One of the shops to look forward to is Palomaâs brick-and-mortar shop for her fashion and lifestyle brand, Piopio.
Kalye Artisano is at Lio Tourism Estate, El Nido, Palawan. It is open daily from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. For more information, follow Kalye Artisano on Facebook.
This story originally appeared on Spot.ph. Minor edits have been made by the Esquiremag.ph editors.
Christa De La Cruz for Spot.ph
View Other Articles From Christa
The CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art Finally Gets a 2018 Update
These Rare Movie Posters May Fetch a Small Fortune at an Upcoming Auction


Cancellations for this event must be made before November 10, 2018 — 10:00am.
This is an introduction to SOLIDWORKS for those who have never used it before. We'll be going through the basics of navigation, modeling your first part, and exporting to STL for 3D printing.
-Bring a laptop with SOLIDWORKS already installed.


Today's card is one of my own. This card was made using a reindeer stamp from Red Lead PaperWorks, several different pieces of patterned paper, a staple, fabric tape and some washi tape. Distressing ink was used along the edges.
This entry was written by Angie and posted on November 1, 2012 at 7:30 am	and filed under cards, Christmas, ChristmasCardaDay, Scrapbooking, scrapscene. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.	Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.


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Home Hardware Apple Shuffles Its Chips for iSlate, iPhone
Apple Shuffles Its Chips for iSlate, iPhone
By Andy Patrizio | January 07, 2010
Apple is doing a little shifting around of the iPhone's internals in preparation for Verizon, while on the iSlate side, it appears the purchase of PA Semi is ready to pay dividends.
Those are the claims from Northeast Securities analyst Ashok Kumar. In separate interviews with The Street.com, Kumar said he'd confirmed the decision for Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL) to switch out its wireless signal chip with the manufacturers and suppliers involved with the iPhone and for manufacturers of the rumored iSlate.
Kumar said that Apple wanted a single chip to handle CMDA and GSM so it could sell one phone that would work around the world. GSM is widely used internationally but CDMA is used in the U.S., most notably by Verizon, America's largest carrier.
Qualcomm could not deliver a dual-band chip with both GSM and CDMA, according to Kumar. So Apple chose to go with an EV-DO chip, an advanced form of CDMA, from Qualcomm in its Verizon iPhone, which is expected to arrive this summer. Apple's exclusive contract with AT&T expires in June.
The chip in question is not Snapdragon, which is a processor used in the new Nexus One Android phone from Google. Apple appears to be sticking with its own ARM processor derivative for the iPhone for now.
Qualcomm's CEO Paul Jacobs let the news slip last November that his firm was in talks with Apple in an interview with Bloomberg Television. The comment was non-committal on any specific chips, however.
If true, this will mean Infineon is being banished to the woodshed. It was the supplier of the 3G processor in the iPhone 3G, which was heavily criticized for poor performance and excessive power consumption.
As for the iSlate, the assumed name of Apple's not-confirmed-but-expected forthcoming tablet device, the CPU had not been a wide topic of speculation previously. For the most part, people were just guessing whether the device was real or not and never got into the internals.
Apple's CPU supplier for its Macs is, of course, Intel (NASDAQ: INTC) and it has just the CPU for something like the iSlate, the Atom. Then there's Apple's GPU partner nVidia, which has Tegra, an ARM-based processor combined with nVidia's GPU technology. The company has been aggressively pursuing tablet/slate designs in recent months.
But it's neither, according to Kumar. The iSlate's CPU is the work of PA Semi, the CPU company Apple purchased in 2008 for $278 million. Apple has never said what it intended to do with the IP or talent of PA Semi, but given its expertise is in making high performance CPUs with low power draw, it certainly makes sense to use their technology in the tablet.
It all remains speculation, given Apple has not even confirmed the existence of the tablet. It has an event planned for January 27 but has not said what the event is about. The common belief is it will be the introduction of the tablet, which will ship in March.
Apple did not return calls seeking comment.


Facebook is the globes largest social networking site, developed in 2004. Although it started out as a website for Harvard students, its membership base expanded to consist of trainees at other universities then the public. Since 2006, it has worked as a worldwide social media network for anyone over the age of 13.
The site permits its individuals to include various other individuals as 'Friends', post status updates, send out messages to various other users, upload and also share photographs as well as, more just recently, live stream video web content. At present, Facebook flaunts greater than 2 billion regular monthly active individuals, making it the largest and most popular social networking site on the planet.
As soon as you have actually produced an account, you can utilize it to login on various tools, including desktops and also mobiles. In order to login on a desktop or laptop computer, go to the Facebook homepage as well as simply go into the e-mail address or contact number you utilized to subscribe in the 'Email or Phone' field, followed by your password. After that click 'Log In'.
The Facebook mobile login process is very comparable, with individuals going to the main mobile site and also entering their login qualifications. However, mobile as well as tablet customers likewise have the choice of using the Facebook Application, which can be downloaded and install from Google Play or the Apple Store. Merely open up the app and also enter your login credentials.
Facebook does have a mobile enhanced login page that can be located in this link. Utilize this if the main sign in page or homepage is not rendering properly on your hand held tool.
Periodically, users undoubtedly experience Facebook login issues and also there are a variety of feasible factors for this. The first thing to do is make sure you are entering the right email address or mobile number. After that, guarantee you are getting in the right password, taking notice of the website's case level of sensitivity.
With mobile login, if you are using your phone number to check in, make sure that you have consisted of the full number, including any type of country codes. You should, however, overlook any kind of '+' indicators or other unique characters.
If you attempt to login with a tool you have never used prior to, you might be met a Facebook security check, which will certainly ask you to identify several of your pals through their images. If you are incapable to do so, just close the website and also try again later on. This is developed to protect your account from hackers and also other transgression.
On unusual celebrations, the Facebook web site might experience server concerns, which could make both Facebook desktop as well as Facebook mobile login hard or impossible. Typically any type of issues of this nature are resoled really quickly. If you are still unable to login, it is possible your account has actually been erased for infractions of the terms of solution.


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Scholarly Communication: Home
A collaborative resource developed by the Millersville University Library and other campus constituencies interested in the changing nature of scholarly communication within higher education.
'Predatory' Online Journals Lure Scholars Who Are Eager to Publish
An Open Access Tale
An Open Letter to Academic Publishers About Open Access
Building a Better University Press (or UnPress)
Humanities Scholars Discuss Their 'Shared Mental Map' for a New Age of Digital Communication
Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication
Quarterly, peer-reviewed open-access publication for original articles, reviews and case studies that analyze or describe the strategies, partnerships and impact of library-led digital projects, online publishing and scholarly communication initiatives.
MLA Urges Evaluators to 'Give Full Regard' to Digital Work
Princeton U. Adopts Open-Access Policy
Rogue Downloader's Arrest Could Mark Crossroads for Open-Access Movement
Saying Costly Subscriptions 'Cannot Be Sustained,' Harvard Library Committee Urges Open Access
Scholarly Groups' Choices Yield Diverging Fortunes
Scholarship, Liberated From Paper at Last
Taking a Closer Look at Open Peer Review
Updates, thoughts, ideas
Update on the Federal Research Public Access Act (sent by Rich Clark):
FRPAA has been introduced in previous Congresses and not gone anywhere, but seems to have a bit of additional momentum this year with numerous cosponsors in both the House and Senate. However, in the House FRPAA is under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, whose Chairman, Darrell Issa (R-CA), is an opponent of open access and has introduced legislation to repeal the NIH open access policy and prevent future mandates. Therefore, it is unlikely that FRPAA will clear that Committee or come to a full vote in the House of Representatives. There were rumors that FRPAA was going to be added as a rider to the House Commerce, Justice, Science (CJS) appropriations bill (Kevin Yoder on the Subcommittee is an original FRPAA cosponsor). Instead, the House Committee report on CJS reaffirmed the COMPETES reauthorization language on open access that directed the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to convene an interagency working group to coordinate agency open access policies while being mindful of variations between disciplines and of the role of publishers in the peer review process. The exact House CJS report language is below.
House CJS Report: "Public access to Federally-funded research publications - The America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-358) tasked OSTP, through the NSTC, with coordinating agency policies relating to the dissemination of unclassified scientific research, including peer-reviewed scholarly publications, supported wholly or in part by Federal funds. In partial fulfillment of that directive, the NSTC has conducted numerous solicitations of public comment, and the feedback from those solicitations has been in favor of allowing public access to scholarly publications after an appropriate embargo period. The Committee understands that the NSTC is continuing to assess public comment and to develop recommendations for possible new policies based on that input and other considerations. The Committee supports these efforts and directs OSTP to provide the Committee with semiannual status reports on the NSTC's progress as discussions continue."
Open Access Journals Hosted by Universities/University Libraries
Undergraduate Economic Review (Illinois Wesleyan University)
Expositions (Villanova University)
Concept (Villanova University)
Last Updated: Jul 5, 2022 8:37 AM
URL: https://library.millersville.edu/scholarlycomm
Subjects: Scholarly Communication
Tags: communication, education, higher education, open access, publishing, scholarly communication


Andrew Hevia is a Cuban American filmmaker from Miami. He currently works in Los Angeles for the Oscar-winning production company, Fabula. Previously, he co-produced Barry Jenkin's MOONLIGHT and co-founded Miami's celebrated filmmaking collective BORSCHT CORP. His SXSW credits include NO MATTER WHAT, SUN DON'T SHINE and WHEN WE LIVED IN MIAMI.


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Home > SCI > BIOSCI > BIOSCIPUBS > 73
Department of Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Expression and misexpression of the MIR-183 family in the developing hearing organ of the chicken
Kaidi D. Zhang, Purdue University, Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, United States
Michelle L. Stoller, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, United States
Donna M. Fekete, Purdue University, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, United States
The miR-183 family consists of 3 related microRNAs (miR-183, miR-96, miR-182) that are required to complete maturation of primary sensory cells in the mammalian inner ear. Because the level of these microRNAs is not uniform across hair cell subtypes in the murine cochlea, the question arises as to whether hair cell phenotypes are influenced by microRNA expression levels. To address this, we used the chicken embryo to study expression and misexpression of this gene family. By in situ hybridization, expression of all 3 microRNAs is robust in immature hair cells of both auditory and vestibular organs and is present in the statoacoustic ganglion. The auditory organ, called the basilar papilla, shows a weak radial gradient (highest on the neural side) in prosensory cells near the base on embryonic day 7. About nine days later, the basilar papilla also displays a longitudinal gradient (highest in apical hair cells) for the 3 microRNAs. Tol2-mediated gene delivery was used to ask whether cell phenotypes are malleable when the prosensory epithelium was forced to overexpress the miR-183 family. The expression plasmid included EGFP as a reporter located upstream of an intron carrying the microRNA genes. The vectors were electroporated into the otic cup/vesicle, resulting in strong co-expression of EGFP and the miR-183 family that persisted for at least 2 weeks. This manipulation did not generate ectopic hair cells in nonsensory territories of the cochlear duct, although within the basilar papilla, hair cells were over-represented relative to supporting cells. There was no evidence for a change in hair cell phenotypes, such as short-to-tall, or basal-to-apical hair cell features. Therefore, while increasing expression of the miR-183 family was sufficient to influence cell lineage decisions, it did not redirect the differentiation of hair cells towards alternative radial or longitudinal phenotypes. Copyright: © 2015 Zhang et al.
Zhang, K.D., Stoller, M.L., Fekete, D.M. Expression and misexpression of the MIR-183 family in the developing hearing organ of the chicken. PLoS ONE Volume 10, Issue 7, 15 July 2015, Article number e0132796.
(CC BY 4.0)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132796


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Milaha Obtained the British Safety Council COVID-19 Assurance Assessment Certificate
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 28 December, 2020
Following its efforts to ensure the highest safety levels at workplaces, Milaha, Qatar's leading Maritime and Logistics Service Provider has been certified by the British Safety Council for the quality of its COVID-19 corporate policies, procedures and protocols. As the global economy and all its business sectors continue to face the impacts of the COVID-19 global…
Milaha Organizes Virtual Event to Celebrate Qatar National Day 2020
Under the current exceptional circumstances and the continuous responsive efforts to the Coronavirus pandemic outbreak; "Milaha", the leading provider of Maritime and Logistics Services in the Middle East, has held a virtual celebration on the occasion of Qatar National Day 2020 under the slogan: "We praise you, the Lord of the Throne". The slogan is…
Announcement – Board of Directors
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 25 November, 2020
Qatar Navigation Q.P.S.C has announced the resignation of Mr. Sulaiman Haidar Sulaiman Al- Haidar, member of the Board of Directors. According to the Company's Articles of Association, article no. (31), H.E. Sheikh / Suhaim bin Khaled bin Hamad Al-Thani was elected as a reserve member of the Board in the previous round (2018-2020) and his…
Milaha Co-sponsors Qatar International Boat Show 2020 and Offers a Wide Range of Integrated Services
As part of its sustained commitment to provide support for yachts & boats industry and in continuation of its diligent endeavors for promoting and developing the marine industries in Qatar, Milaha has announced co-sponsoring the seventh edition of Qatar International Boat Show 2020, which kicked off today under the patronage of HE Sheikh Khalid bin…
Milaha Reports QR 384 million in Net Profit for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 22 October, 2020
Qatar Navigation Q.P.S.C. (Milaha) today announced its financial results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Key financial highlights: Operating revenues of QR 1.71 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to QR 1.83 billion for the same period in 2019 Operating profit of QR 286 million for the nine months…
Milaha Obtains "ISO 27001" Certification for Information Security Management System
Milaha, the leading provider of Maritime and Logistic Services in the Middle East, has yet again received International recognition by obtaining the "ISO 27001" certification, in recognition of the quality of its Information Security Management System. Intertek, the leading Total Quality Assurance provider to various industries worldwide, has certified Milaha, as compliant with all of…
Milaha Signs Key Deal with Major Oilfield Services Firm
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 27 September, 2020
Milaha, one of the largest Maritime and Logistics Organizations in the Middle East, has entered into a formal agreement to cooperate with leading American oilfield services firm, Schlumberger Limited. The Offshore & Marine pillar of Milaha signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that will support value building projects while jointly driving Tawteen initiatives for Qatar.…
Milaha Reports QAR 300 million net profit for H1 2020
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 29 July, 2020
Qatar Navigation (Milaha) Q.P.S.C. today announced its financial results for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Key financial highlights: Operating revenues of QAR 1.22 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020, down from QR 1.26 billion for the same period in 2019 Operating profit of QAR 254 million for the six months…
Milaha expands partnership with Microsoft to drive operational excellence and transform supply chain industry
Microsoft Teams, Advanced Threat Protection, and Power Platform solutions will drive security, agility and performance Milaha, Qatar's leading force in Maritime & Logistics, has partnered with Microsoft to transform its workplace into a modern, secured, and virtual environment. The effort is part of the company's dedicated drive to ensure business continuity and services, whilst simultaneously…
Milaha partners with major Indian NGOs in their fight against COVID-19
2020, In The Press, IR, NewsBy Umer Shabib 23 June, 2020
As part of its social commitment towards Qatar's strategic trade partners, Milaha – Qatar's oldest and diversified maritime & logistics conglomerate, has collaborated with Indian non-profit organizations – Akshaypatra and Goonj to provide relief to the most vulnerable and needy sections of Indian society, who have been adversely affected by the pandemic. The contributions from…


It is HOT here right now.
This morning we made some of these and we went outside and had a blast playing with them!
The squealing was loud and frequent, and at one point Talia exclaimed, "I didn't know Moms could scream!" haha :) Well, I'm glad she knows now.
Cute idea, I like it so much better than water balloons, and they are totally reusable. We may be heading to the dollar store this afternoon!
Playing always trumps pictures :) I got no pictures of craft camp today because I was hands-on with everyone's pinatas instead--cut tissue paper, find scissors, pour glue--and everyone was having fun.


The Republic of Palau is an island chain consisting of approximately 250 islands.
An island nation made up of hundreds of islands it's no wonder that one of its major attractions is SCUBA diving. The islands have pristine diving on coral reefs and in some areas amazing World War II sunken wrecks. In addition to wrecks below water there are places like Peleliu with powerful reminders of how the islands were used during WWII.
The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. The islands' culture mixes Japanese, Micronesian and Melanesian elements. The majority of citizens are of mixed Micronesian, Melanesian, and Austronesian descent, with significant groups descended from Japanese and Filipino settlers. The country's two official languages are Palauan and English, with Japanese, Sonsorolese, and Tobian recognised as regional languages.


Opportunities exist for undergraduates to join Deicorp as Construction Cadets. Cadets will gain experience in all facets of the construction process. The position is permanent, full time, with 4 days work based in our Redfern office, 1 day on site (Saturday) undertaking manual duties and assisting the Site Manager and 1 day per week to attend university.
The ideal candidate will be in 3rd or 4th year and be maintaining a satisfactory academic standard while undertaking existing work (construction or retail / hospitality/ admin) and social / extra curricular activities.


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It is indeed a trying moment for the Gberegbes, whose son, Dr. Ferry Gberegbe, was shot by a security operative during the governorship and House of Assembly elections in Rivers State. He gave up the ghost exactly seven days after the brutal shooting, and since then family members, friends, colleagues and concerned persons from near and far have been mourning his exit. He left behind a wife, two children and a father who was almost in tears when he spoke about his son's death. His widow, Mrs Funke Gberegbe, said that the family was yet to fully celebrate the doctorate degree Gberegbe bagged before he was brutally murdered. She said that her late husband was the pillar of the family whose sudden death would negatively impact their lives. Across Ogoniland there is anger and some are asking questions, wanting to know why unarmed civilians should be shot at by the security operatives that were trained with tax payers money to protect lives and properties.
Some of those that were strongly against the involvement of security operatives, especially soldiers during the elections, said the killing of Gberegbe, by a yet to be identified security personnel, have argued that the killing was an indication that the Independent National Electoral Commission, (INEC) needs to improve on how future elections are conducted. The governorship and State Assembly election held on Saturday, March 9, in Rivers State, according to one observer, "is the most violent in the history of Rivers State and should be condemned in the strongest terms by those who really value democracy.
"To him, and a few others who have made comments on what transpired on that very day, the election was there was violence because security operatives inflicted violence on innocent citizens and disrupted the electoral process in some targeted areas. When a combined team of soldiers and operatives of the Federal Anti Robbery Squad (F-SARS) stormed Bori, the headquarters of Khana Local Government Area, where collation was taking place, they shot four persons, including Dr. Ferry Gberegbe, a lecturer at the Ken Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, who was also the returning officer of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP.
While others are still battling with their lives after the shooting, Gberegbe who was rushed to the hospital after the shooting died because of the injury he sustained in the stomach. Samson Barisi, an Ogoni activist, who was at the scene of the shooting, said: "…Immediately this man, Dr. Ferry Gberegbe, fell at the MOSOP Secretariat field, I knew we were in trouble.
I only muted one prayer Lord please, don't allow this man to die." He was not the only one that made such prayers, because throughout the one week that Gberegbe battled to stay alive, Barisi was joined by other Rivers indigenes who detest violence, and are fed up with the negative narratives associated with the state's elections. On Election Day, very early in the morning, the movement of security operatives who patrolled the major roads by the seconds had sent fear among residents to the extend that some refused to vote.
"What would I gain if I come out to vote and get killed at the end of the day. Wherever you go, you see armed soldiers or police officers. I am afraid," said a tailor, who declined to give his name. In fact, the complete lockdown of the major roads by soldiers and policemen, who only allowed patrol vehicles of fellow uniformed men, was a sign of what was to happen on that day. At the Education Bus Stop, along Ikwerre Road, both commercial and private vehicles that were on the road before 6 a.m. had a swell time convincing security operatives w h y they had to be on the road by that time.
Dr. Ferry Gberegbe hospitalized after he was shot
The shootings and killings in Abonnema Community in Akoku Toru Local Government Area and other council areas during the presidential and National Assembly elections were still fresh in the minds of some residents. Surprisingly, people trooped out across the state to cast their votes. It was after voting had ended, that problem started.
There is a video being circulated on the social media on how security operatives stormed the collation centre in Bori and started shooting after party agents, INEC staff and others exchanged words with F-SARS operatives who appeared to be on a particular mission at the collation centre. In the amateur video, it is difficult to identify Gberegbe from the crowd during the argument with the F-SARS operatives, who eventually started shooting. A journalist, Pastor Jerry Needam, who reported the invasion of the Bori Collation centre, alleged that he was threatened and intimidated by men of F-SARS. Needam, who is also the media and communications aide to the state's PDP chairman, Felix Obuah, was rallied round by the party, who issued a statement on the alleged threat to his life.
The PDP said: "We expect that by now, the authorities of the Nigeria Police and other agencies, leaders of Rivers State, journalists, election observers, traditional leaders and all men and women of good conscience in the State would have risen to this challenge and condemn it. "Election is not war and we cannot watch innocent people being killed in the name of hijack of materials by security agencies that are supposed to protect the people and election materials. If we are all killed, who will these desperate politicians in the All Progressives Congress, APC, govern?" As the chairman of Academic Staff Union of Polytechnic (ASUP) of Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Gberegbe directed lecturers to call off their strike in 2016 after a kidnapped lecturer, Abiye Ogan was set free by his abductors.
The lecturers had embarked on a strike in solidarity with their kidnapped colleague. Gberegbe, while confirming the release of Ogan said: "We thank God for his release and the efforts of security agents who ensured his release last night due to credible information gathering and successful rescue operation by the security agents." Following the killing, Governor, Nyesom Wike has vowed to set up a judicial commission of inquiry to ensure that the (F-SARS) personnel who killed Gberegbe, are brought to justice. Wike also announced a N200million scholarship for Gberegbe's four children and directed the deceased's widow to open bank accounts for each of the four children.
The governor, who spoke when he led leaders of the state on a condolence visit to the family of the slain lecturer, decried the shooting by F-SARs operatives. Wike said: "We will set up a judicial commission of inquiry to ensure that the culprits are brought to Justice. It is unfortunate that F-SARs killed the PDP collation agent. "The state government will offer scholarship to the four young children left behind by the deceased. The mother of the children should open dedicated account for each of the children. The state government will pay N50 million to each of the four children for their education " He added: "It is most unfortunate that the young man was shot dead by F-SARs in an attempt to cart away election results.
"Instead of us to allow people to choose who will represent and govern them, the security agencies will not allow that. Rather they prefer to kill us. "He died in the course of the defending the PDP. He died in the course of defending democracy. I want to assure the family that all those who killed him will not go free". Wike said that Gberegbe remained committed to the PDP even on his sickbed, pointing out that the deceased sent him a text message saying that he would be very happy when he (Wike) is declared winner of the election. He promised that the state government would also construct a house for the fam-ily of late Gberegbe and participate in his burial. Also speaking, PDP National Chairman, Prince Uche Secondus said the late lecturer was a victim of the calculated oppression of the oil-rich states by the Army and the F-SARs. He said that the country is in distress, noting that the nation is sitting on the keg of gun-powder. The police and Army have become politicians, always responding to politicians ", he said. Surprisingly, the police are yet to comment on the killing of Gberegbe.
The state's PDP chairman, Felix Obuah, has, however called on the Inspector General of Police, Abubarkar Adamu, to institute a panel to probe the alleged involvement of the state's F-SARS commander Mr. Akin Fakorode and other police operatives in the alleged organised invasion of polling units, collation centres, abduction of electoral officers and the shooting and killing of innocent persons during the general elections in parts of the state. According to Obuah, the affected council areas are Khana, Gokana, Ikwerre, Eleme, Tai, Oyigbo and Ogu/Bolo Local Government Areas of the State. Obuah, who spoke to reporters in Port Harcourt, said that other victims of the alleged police attack, such as Mr. Marvin Lezor Kpea-ue, Raymond Ledogo and several persons are presently battling with life-threatening injuries inflicted on them by the men of F-SARS. He commended the Chief of Army Staff, Lieutenant-General Yusuf Buratai for inaugurating the Major-General TA Gagariga-led committee to probe the allegations of misconduct, including the assassination attempt on Governor Wike by soldiers during the general elections.
"In the same vein, we wish to call on the Acting Inspector General of Police, Mr. Abubakar Mohammed Adamu, to institute a similar panel to probe the brazen involvement of the F-SARS in the alleged organised invasion of polling units, collation centres, abduction of electoral officers and the shooting and killing of innocent persons during the general elections at Khana, Gokana, Ikwerre, Eleme, Tai, Oyigbo and Ogu/ Bolo local governments of the state," he said. Similarly, the National Youth Council of Nigeria (NYCN), Khana council chapter has called on President Muhammadu Buhari and Governor Wike to immediately set up a panel of inquiry, to unravel those security agencies behind Gberegbe's death. The NYCN, in a statement by the coordinator of Khana LGA chapter, Comrade Dormene Mbea, also expressed dismay over the alleged reckless shooting of unarmed youths of Khana who only came out to vote. According to the statement: "they in no way resisted the security agencies from carrying out their illegal plot of subverting the wish of the people of Khana, and wonder why security agencies who ought to protect their lives and properties would open gunfire to kill unarmed youths of Ogoni.
"From video evidence circulated on social media, Dr. Ferry was moving from the collation centre towards the MOSOP peace and freedom centre when he was gunned down, by suspected security men who allegedly came to snatch electioneering materials from the collation center. "Khana Youths has lost confidence in the security agencies for killing our youths instead of protecting us and therefore will not accept any form of election in Khana henceforth if the Federal and State government don't guarantee the safety and security of our lives and properties. " Therefore We are calling on President Muhammadu Buhari and Governor Wike to immediately set up a panel of inquiry, to unravel those security agencies behind this devilish and satanic act of killing our people."
Culled From Saturday Telegraph
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Virtual reality company bringing work from home office spaces to life
By: Chloe Nordquist
Imagine going to work, talking to your co-workers, and collaborating in an office space without actually leaving your dining room table.
"It literally just feels like you're in another world," said Renji Bijoy, the founder of Immersed.
Bijoy and the rest of the team at Immersed are creating an office away from the office, so to speak.
"Say you have your laptop and your headset, you can go to your couch, your porch, on the road, and you'll have all the screens around you," he explained.
It's more than just a room. Inside this headset, you can customize your workspace -- coffee shop, conference room, you name it.
"This is called the space lounge. It's just a really cool space lounge environment," Gavin Menichini, another employee at Immersed, demonstrated.
And you have the flexibility to have multiple screens with the flick of a hand.
"Kind of like Jedi Star Wars with the force, I can click and grab these monitors and I can move them around left and right. I can pinch and expand them to make them bigger, make them smaller," Menichini said.
So why VR for work? Beyond remote capabilities, Bijoy said it boils down to productivity and focus.
"We have sort of this, I guess, short attention span world that now all of us and our kids now live in, and we feel like Immersed is going to retrain the human brain so that we can get people to be more focused," he said. "I feel like we don't have to look at technology as this negative connotation or this thing that's kind of screwing up and frying our brains. It's something that can enhance humans."
The virtual reality industry is gaining traction. Tech companies like Facebook are investing in research.
"Back in 2012 through 2014, there was a lot of hype around VR, but then there were a lot of technological obstacles. People were getting headaches and things like that, and a lot of people rushing that space," Bijoy said.
The hardware, Bijoy said, is catching up.
"This is like in the next second-ish years as far as glasses being a thing. You can put them on to teleport to an office."
In a way, the pandemic accelerated the possibilities.
"When the pandemic hit, more people were just exploring virtual office-type solutions," Bijoy said.
For leaders like Aaron Miri, two-dimensional communication may not be enough.
"Tech, although it's a great augmenter, is not a replacement for that one to one communication, but VR can negate that and really eliminate that 2D screen in front of you because you really do feel like someone is sitting across from you talking to you," said Aaron Miri, Chief Information Officer at the University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School.
He says VR is critical moving forward.
"These tools are critical for us because it allow us to experiment and talk to each other and give a different level of dynamic engagement just like we're doing here, as opposed to sitting at home behind a two-dimensional screen," he said.
Beyond productivity, Immersed has a way for you to collaborate with coworkers in real-time, too.
"If I wanted to join Caleb, all I have to do is hover over his name, and then I can press the 'join room' button if Caleb is in an open collaboration room. Simple as that. It's going to spawn me into his room with Caleb," Menichini explained.
Bijoy said they do face some setbacks.
"There are a lot of barriers to entry for even just getting a user to get a headset, or just turning on the app and getting into the app together with their team," he said.
However, he believes there are endless opportunities for VR as an added option for businesses to collaborate and have location flexibility.
"We 100% anticipate there being a hybrid approach moving forward. We don't think things will snap back just like to the way it was before COVID, where employers don't allow people to work from home. I think this past year and a half has enabled people to see the freedom that's possible through working from home," Bijoy said.
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A new study came up with a huge list of the most important etiquette rules in the digital era. In other words, rules you should follow when it comes to texting and social media.
Don't snoop through your partner's phone. Also don't make them suspicious by erasing your text messages.
Don't post on social media when you're emotional or angry.
Don't hit "reply all" on a group email unless you really think everyone needs to see it.
Never send a text when you're drunk.
Don't use emojis in text messages or emails that are work related.
Always text someone if you're going to be late.
Don't wish close friends a happy birthday on Facebook. Call or text them.
Never use a text message to dump someone.
Never text someone bad news, always call.
The study also found the average person sends 31 texts a day, six tweets, 11 emails and posts comments or messages on Facebook 13 times a day.
Read more rules at BT.com.


9 out of 10 based on 179 ratings. 3,318 user reviews.
engine-manual›VOLVO PENTAThe full pdf workshop manual of "VOLVO PENTA DIESEL MD7B" is downloadable from this website.
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the MD7B very resistant to corrosion and wear. The very accurate fuel metering even at full throttle means extremely clean exhaust gasses and a miserly fuel consumption. The new Volvo Penta MS2 reverse reduction gear has a slip coupling built in and easy shift cone clutch, fea- tures also found in the model 120 S-drive.
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Nestled within the quiet and gated community of Granite Bay Hills, sits this elegant, custom, 4, 544 +/- SqFt Mediterranean estate. Appointed with impressive details and craftsmanship throughout, including decorative ceilings, arched doorways and windows, columns, granite counters and crown molding accents. Exquisitely designed to relax and pamper your family and guests with a large built-in sparkling pool & spa, pergola with stone detail, 2 cozy fireplaces, and sophisticated living spaces with broad windows to enjoy the lush and tranquil outdoor setting. The main floor master suite and private executive office provides a comfortable and quiet place to work or unwind with a book. This opulent residence is conveniently located, minutes to Folsom Lake and the Granite Bay Golf Club, and within the prestigious Eureka & Roseville Joint Union School Districts (Granite Bay High School)! Experience upscale beauty and serenity in Granite Bay!


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Prof. Emin Ersoy
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Professor Doctor Emin Ersoy, who is the Head of the Department of General Surgery and Obesity Center, Medistate Kavacık Hospital, was born in 1961 in Adana. He graduated from Çukurova Medical Faculty in 1985. Between 1987 and 2016, he served as a general surgeon in the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara. He also carried out his studies as a visiting surgeon at National University of Singapore (1996) and Cleveland Clinic, USA (2000).
While he shared his experiences with his students and colleagues in Turkey, he organized and attended a number of symposiums in Germany and Belgium. He has contributed to the field of general surgery with his publications in foreign languages. Ersoy moved to Istanbul in 2016 and has been working at Medistate Kavacık Hospital since then.
2019– Presently Head of the Department of General Surgery and Obesity Center, Medistate Kavacık Hospital
2016-2018 General and Medical Director, Head of Obesity Center, Medistate Kavacık Hospital
2005-2016 Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University
1999-2005 Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University
1995-1999 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University
1993-1995 Academician, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University
Work Experience / Post-Specialization Training
1986-2016 Gazi University Medicine Faculty, Department of General Surgery
Laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery
Gall bladder diseases
Name: Prof. Emin ERSOY
Address: Medistate Hospital Istanbul
Phone: + 90 216 331 40 40
Email: uhm@medistate.com.tr
Speciality GENERAL SURGERY, OBESITY CENTER
Degree Professor Doctor


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Contracts extended for construction on Winchester Rd
Updates were given on the contracts surrounding construction on Winchester Road, but does it mean we'll see less congestion any time soon?
Posted By: Scottie Kay
Progress could soon be coming to the highly-traveled Winchester Road.
"As everybody knows, Winchester Road is a major thoroughfare in Madison County, and so we need this project done sooner rather than later," said Madison County Commission Chairman Dale Strong.
At Wednesday's meeting, updates were given on the contracts surrounding construction on the busy road, but does it mean we'll see less congestion any time soon?
It's still unclear when Winchester Road will be widened, but WAAY 31 learned that the county commission is doing what they can to speed up the process on these ongoing projects--something many Madison County residents are happy to hear.
"When we travel in the mornings, it's so congested and there's a lot of wrecks," said Ezell Erskine.
Erskine lives and works on Winchester Road, so he knows the kind of headache it can cause at all times of the day.
"At 5:00 in the afternoon, it's very, very backed up," said Erskine. "You'll be backed up all the way to Moore's Mill."
That's why Erskine wants something done soon.
"I think we need two lanes on each side, because this is a very, very busy street," he said.
That street was, in fact, a topic of discussion at the Madison County Commission meeting Wednesday morning, but it's unclear exactly when the widening project will be completed.
The commission, however, did approve to extend their existing contract with Garver Engineering regarding a bridge's replacement on Winchester Road.
That extension was needed as a result of delays caused by the contractor.
"We did have one little situation there where one of the concrete girders that was built had to be redone," said Strong.
The contractor is being charged $3900 for each workday that they're late.
"This project has not been completed in that timely process, so we will be getting our money refunded is what we believe.," Strong said.
Those who travel Winchester Road every day say this shouldn't have even be an issue in the first place.
"I don't understand why it's taking this long," Erskine said. "This project should've already been done."
Right now, county commission officials tell WAAY 31 it's looking like the contractor is going to be responsible for about $122,000 dollars worth of liquidated damages, and that must be paid at the end of the construction.
Alabama extends Saban's contract through 2025 season
Gas leak temporarily shuts down Winchester Road
1 hurt in 3-vehicle Winchester Road crash
UPDATE: Woman killed in Winchester Road wreck identified
New mixed-use development coming to Winchester Road
UPDATE: Two students hospitalized after wreck on Winchester Road
Traffic alert: Wreck blocks part of Winchester Road
Huntsville Utilities crews temporarily suspending travel along Winchester Road
Winchester Road widening could cause delay for drivers in Huntsville


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Home/News/What went wrong for Liverpool in the Champions League final?
What went wrong for Liverpool in the Champions League final?
Jake Send an email June 28, 2022
With the red smoke finally settled on the Strand of the Albert Dock in Liverpool, Jürgen Klopp can look back on the last nine months of football and beg the question of what if? Just mere moments denied Liverpool an historic quadruple, with Aston Villa's capitulation at the Etihad gifting Manchester City the Premier League title and a lapse in concentration from Trent Alexander-Arnold allowing Vinícius Júnior to win the Champions League for Real Madrid.
Beaten 1-0 in Paris, Liverpool will be bitterly disappointed they couldn't gain a measure of revenge against Real. Carlo Ancelotti's men showed their experience on the night, with the core of the squad which beat the Reds 3-1 in Kiev still intact and the mixx only significant changes — Vini Jr, Federico Valverde and Thibaut Courtois — all proving to be instrumental in their side's success.
Like most European finals, the game was defined by moments of quality in an otherwise cagey affair, but Liverpool collapsed under the weight of their own expectations, and despite their usual 'mentality monster' exterior, you could tell this is a side that had been pushed to the limits since the turn of the year. Read on, as we try to pin point exactly how things fell apart for Klopp and co. as they lost the Champions League final.
Injury concerns plagued the build up to the showpiece event. Despite their status as favourites for those making a football accumulator there were still uncertainties over the fitness of Thiago and Fabinho. The season was a marathon and you could see how much the physical and mental demand of the final stretch took out of players.
The Brazilian and Spaniard were integral to Klopp's success and were always within a shout out starting, regardless of fitness, but in a campaign where you play literally every game possible, you wonder if squad players like Naby Keïta and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain — two players who could well be heading for the Anfield exit door — could have been used more in the run up to the Champions League final.
You always felt there were too many games, and not enough time for recovery — a theme that has been running since the turn of the shelfari year. And while Klopp managed to close a 14-point gap on City, and win a League Cup and FA Cup double, the final was their 63rd game of the season, while Madrid had wrapped La Liga up at the start of May and had weeks to rest and rotate their star players.
Towards the end of the game the Reds looked leggy, and even when they did concede and had to throw everything at Madrid, it simply couldn't replicate the intensity and proficiency they showed in the early stages of the tournament. Nonetheless, Klopp has insisted his team can come back and perform again, even if this season's trophy was written in the stars for Real.
"I have a strong feeling we will come again. The boys are competitive. We will have an outstanding group next season," he said. "Where's it [the final] next season? Istanbul? Book the hotel."
As impressive as the Reds' run to Paris was, Real themselves were on a magic carpet ride to Saint-Dennis; realistically outplayed in every one of their knockout ties. It seemed poignant that their comebacks were spearheaded by a Frenchman in Karim Benzema. Having spent over a decade in the Spanish capital, this was the first season he was really deemed the main man in the squad, and after making comeback after comeback — trailing against Paris Saint-Germain, Chelsea and Manchester City — you felt like it was destiny for 9xmovies mom Madrid to go the whole way, just as it was when Liverpool overcame Barcelona in 2019.
Luck just wasn't on Liverpool's side that night. Courtois saved everything, and on another night, Virgil van Dijk would have blocked Valverde's cross. But destiny seemed to be on Madrid's side and Klopp will have to wait at least another year to get his hands on a second European Cup.
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Plates are removable appliances that can be taken in and out. They are very versatile and can be used for a large number of alignment and bite problems and can be offered for all our patients, however, usually more common in our younger patients. They work fantastically well for certain situations and cost a fraction of the price that braces do. Sometime, using plates when a child is younger, can avoid braces later in life… literally saving you and your family thousands!
We love what we do and really believe in it, so if we can correct bite and jaw problems with plates alone, with braces or a combination, we will make sure we give you the options.
Why is it so important for younger children to see an orthodontics?
Do I have to wear my plate at all times?
Your orthodontist will instruct you in the wear of your retainer. Follow the instructions carefully as failure to do so WILL result in movement of your teeth. Retainers must be worn every night for the first year after your brace has been removed. You will be reviewed every 3-4months during your retention period. Bring your retainers along to these appointments. It is important to attend these appointments and to follow your instructions at each visit.
If your teeth need to be realigned, you will be charged.
If you are having problems with your retainers contact the surgery as soon as possible. Do not wait until your next appointment.
Clean your retainers at least twice a day with either soap and water or a toothbrush without toothpaste.
Toothpaste should not be used as this is abrasive and can affect the appearance of the retainers. They can be soaked in ' Retainer Brite' to improve their taste. Never put in hot or boiling water.
We advise you to purchase a box to keep your retainers in when they are not in your mouth. If they are wrapped in tissue or put in your pocket they may be lost or damaged. Be extremely careful with your retainers as if you lose or damage them you will be charged for their replacement.
Follow these instructions carefully and your retention period will be uneventful. If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact the practice.
Plates are usually very comfortable (no pain involved), but take a little getting use to for a few days. Most patients will have no issues with speech or appearance of the plates, as they are quite discrete.
Damaged or lost plates and other appliances lengthen treatment time and can add costs to treatment. Please look after appliances to make your treatment goes as smoothly as possible. Give us a call if and we will make arrangements for a new one.