text:
package de.etecture.opensource.dynamicmessages;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.faces.application.FacesMessage;
import org.jboss.weld.environment.se.Weld;
import org.jboss.weld.environment.se.WeldContainer;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;

/**
 *
 * @author rhk
 */
@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
public class MessagesTest {

    private final static Weld weld = new Weld();
    private static WeldContainer container;
    private TestBean bean;
    private LocaleProvider localeProvider;

    @Parameters
    public static Iterable<Object[]> parameters() {
        return Arrays.asList(new Object[]{new ExpectedResource(Locale.FRENCH)},
                new Object[]{new ExpectedResource(Locale.GERMANY)},
                new Object[]{new ExpectedResource(Locale.ENGLISH)});
    }
    private ExpectedResource expected;

    public MessagesTest(ExpectedResource expected) {
        this.expected = expected;
    }

    @BeforeClass
    public static void bootstrap() {
        container = weld.initialize();
    }

    @Before
    public void init() {
        this.localeProvider = container.instance().select(LocaleProvider.class)
                .get();
        this.localeProvider.setCurrentLocale(expected.getLocale());
        this.bean = container.instance().select(TestBean.class).get();
    }

    @Test
    public void testBeanInjection() {
        assertNotNull(this.localeProvider);
        assertNotNull(this.bean);
        assertNotNull(this.bean.messages);
        assertEquals(this.localeProvider, this.bean.localeProvider);
        assertEquals("wrong current locale", expected.getLocale(),
                this.bean.localeProvider.getCurrentLocale());
        assertEquals("wrong injected locale", expected.getLocale(),
                this.bean.currentLocale);
    }

    @Test
    public void testMessages() throws Exception {
        String text = this.bean.print("Robert");
        assertEquals(expected.getExpected(), text);
    }

    @Test
    public void testFacesMessages() throws Exception {
        FacesMessage fm = bean.facesMessage();
        assertNotNull(fm);
        assertEquals(FacesMessage.SEVERITY_INFO, fm.getSeverity());
        assertEquals("Summary", fm.getSummary());
        assertEquals("Details", fm.getDetail());

        fm = bean.otherFacesMessage();
        assertNotNull(fm);
        assertEquals(FacesMessage.SEVERITY_ERROR, fm.getSeverity());
        assertEquals("Summary", fm.getSummary());
        assertEquals("Other Details", fm.getDetail());
    }

    @Test
    public void testExceptions() throws Exception {
        TestException te = bean.exception();
        assertNotNull(te);
        assertEquals("exception", te.getMessage());
        assertNull(te.getCause());
        Exception ex = new Exception();
        te = bean.exception(ex);
        assertNotNull(te);
        assertEquals("exception", te.getMessage());
        assertSame(ex, te.getCause());
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void shutdown() {
        weld.shutdown();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Here is Mark Hollis' full statement of resignation and retirement as Michigan State University's athletic director.
EAST LANSING – Here is Mark Hollis' full statement of resignation and retirement as Michigan State University's athletic director.
"Michigan State University is a great institution and its greatest strengths are the people that call themselves Spartans. Many if not all of those Spartans are hurting, especially the courageous survivors of Larry Nassar's abuse.. My heart breaks, my heart breaks thinking about the incomprehensible pain all of them and their families have experienced. Along with many I was brought to tears as I listen to statements. There simply aren't the right words to express our sympathy.


That's just a taste of the lyrics that led Chris Hero & Claudio Castagnoli out to the ring with the ROH World Tag Team Titles strapped to their waists for a record-setting 363 days. Starting with their reunion at "Final Battle 2009" at the expense of Jay & Mark Briscoe, The Kings of Wrestling quickly established themselves as a powerhouse in ROH's already stacked tag team ranks.
Over the course of their year-long rivalry with The Briscoes, Hero & Claudio proved themselves as capable of technical tag team wrestling as they were at getting bloody and violent. Their contests against teams such as Alex Shelley & Chris Sabin, The American Wolves, and The Young Bucks demonstrated a dominance unlike any the division had ever seen, and they will forever be mentioned as one of the greatest teams in ROH's history.
This 2-Disc set presents 14 of The KoW's complete matches, plus highlights and more! With Hero's KO Elbows & Claudio's unparalled power, you will see how it wasn't hyperbole when they said…"Kings Reign Supreme"!


Hiding its light within, the Lift Lamp offers simple form and playful interaction offer an elevated departure from the typical lighting. Designed by KerfCase, this lamp features solid wood and metal components throughout – the rich warmth and polish of natural wood creates an heirloom centerpiece.
Ideal for a coffee table or common space, the Lift Lamp features hand-finished wood with a custom lifting mechanism for intuitive use. Each component works with the next for pure function with a sculptural presence. Rechargeable battery power and LED lighting make this a portable piece of sculpture.
This lamp is a prototype for KerfCases' new range of modern lighting, and home and office goods. With MONMADE as a driving force to launch this expanded line of products, KerfCase looks forward to applying its expertise in design, prototyping, and fabrication to launch new products.
The Lift Lamp features handcrafted materials that are manufactured in KerfCase's Pittsburgh workshop to exacting specifications. Made from wood, metal, and cork, this lamp measures 12"Dx12"Wx8"H.
Please use the contact buttons below to learn more about KerfCase's new lighting collection, including the Lift Lamp.


text:
namespace content {
class BrowserContext;
class ColorChooser;
class WebContents;
}

namespace nw {

// Shows a color chooser that reports to the given WebContents.
content::ColorChooser* ShowColorChooser(content::WebContents* web_contents,
                                        SkColor initial_color);
}  // namespace nw

#endif  // NW_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_DIALOGS_H_


text:
The Six-Day War: Exchange of Letters Between Kosygin & Eshkol
(May 26 & June 1, 1967)
Category » The Six-Day War
Background & Overview
Day-by-Day Actions
Arabs' Responsibility for War, Reluctance to Make Peace
Build-Up to War
Census of Arabs in Areas Captured by Israel in 1967
Egypt's Statement on Troop Movements into Sinai
Egypt Re-imposes a Blockade on the Straits of Tiran
Causes & Consequences
Elie Wiesel on the Six-Day War
Foreign Response
The "Pre-1967 Border" - The "Green Line"
Israeli Intelligence
Interview With Yitzhak Ya'tza Ya'akov by Avner Cohen
Interview With Tzivi Tzur by Boaz Lev Tov at the Rabin Memorial Center, Tel Aviv
Knesset Commemoration Following Victory
Photos of the 6-Day War
Six-Day War Project Videos
The 1967 Six-Day War — 50 Years Later
Important Figures
David Ben-Gurion
Gamal Abdel Nasser
King Hussein bin Talal
Levi Eshkol
Menachem Begin
Moshe Dayan
Rabbi Shlomo Goren
U.S. Actions & Policy
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Sessions
State Department Documents
Summary of the 1967 War
U.S. Emergency Plan for Attacking Israel
Secretary of State Concern of Impending War
U.S. Supports Independence for All Nations
CIA Estimate on Outcome of Possible War
U.S. Declares Itself 'Neutral' in the War
CIA Optimism Following the War
Important Battles
Liberation of the Temple Mount
War Aftermath
Graphics Saluting IDF Heroism
Khartoum Resolutions
Prisoner Exchanges
Remembering the Six Day Wa
Israeli Envoy Meets Palestinians Following 1967 War
Dayan Statement at the Western Wall
Hadassah Returns to Mt. Scopus Hospital
Jews Celebrate Shavuot at Wailing Wall
Israeli Leaders Discuss Future of Captured Territories
Johnson Address at the State Department's Foreign Policy Conference for Educators
United Nations Actions
Draft Resolution by Soviet Union at Emergency UNGA Session
Statement to General Assembly by Foreign Minister Eban
Draft Resolution by United States at Emergency UNGA Session
Draft Resolution by Yugoslavia at Emergency UNGA Session
Draft Resolution by Albania at Emergency UNGA Session
Draft Resolution by 18 Latin-American Nations at Emergency UNGA Session
Resolution 233
Report of the Secretary-General on the Withdrawal of the UN Emergency Force
The Six-Day War: Table of Contents|Background & Overview|Day-by-Day Actions
Ever since the beginning of the crisis, the Soviet Union had publicly supported the actions of Syria and Egypt. Soviet press reports put the responsibility for the crisis on Israel. Official statements blamed Israel for the tension. On 26 May, Premier Kosygin addressed a Note to Prime Minister Eshkol. He ignored the concentration of Egyptian troops in Sinai and the reimposition of the blockade on the Straits of Tiran, and called on Israel to prevent military confrontation. In his reply, Mr Eshkol called on the Soviet Union to use its influence to achieve a lasting peace in the Middle East based on principles espoused by the Soviet Union over the years.
Soviet Premier's Note
Mr. Prime Minister,
According to the latest information reaching the Government of the USSR, the tension on the borders of Israel, the UAR and Syria is mounting more and more, with the two sides increasing their forces and in Israel the situation is sharpening as though there was no alternative to acts of war. It would be a tremendous error if circles eager for battle, unrestrained by serious political thought, had the upper hand in such a situation, and arms were to begin talking.
Guided by the interests of peace and the desire to prevent bloodshed, the Government of the USSR decided to send you this Note.
We would like to appeal to you to resort to all measures to prevent a military conflict, since such a conflict would have a major effect on the interests of international peace and security. We turn to you so that no new threat of war may be created in the world, which would bring to nations immeasurable suffering.
We are convinced that, however complicated the situation in the area of the borders of Israel, Syria and the UAR may be, it is necessary to find means to resolve the conflict by non-military means, as it is easy to ignite a fire but putting out its flame may not be nearly as simple as those pushing Israel to the brink of war imagine.
We hope that following a serious consideration of the evolving situation and of the responsibility lying on the shoulders of that side which will initiate the aggression, the Government of Israel will do everything in its power to prevent a military conflict in the Middle East.
A. Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
Prime Minister Eshkol's Reply
I beg to acknowledge receipt of your Note of 26 May 1967, delivered to me by the USSR Ambassador in Israel.
We appreciate the desire of the Government of the USSR to make known to us the Soviet evaluations concerning the present crisis in the region.
We are very glad that, as expected, the USSR is desirous of peace. As is known the present situation has developed since Syria began her overt hostile activities against Israel's territory and citizens. These activities have been denounced by the majority of members of the Security Council in the meetings which it held last October and also in the Report submitted by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Security Council on 19 May 1967.
A fortnight ago Egypt, which is associated with Syria in a mutual aid agreement, began concentrating its forces in the Sinai peninsula, near the Israeli border. At the same time Egypt removed the UN Emergency Force. The decisive point is not the removal of that force, but the Egyptain explanation accompanying it, namely that Egypt's intention was to "go to war" against Israel.
These aggressive steps reached their climax when a war-like blockade was imposed on the free passage through the Straits of Tiran. This, of course, is a classical war-like act, and there is no need to emphasize that it also is in absolute contradiction to the rules of international law and the rights of nations. This situation cannot be tolerated.
These activities on the part of Egypt forced the Government of Israel to take security measures, to mobilize its forces and to station them to protect the security of its frontiers. The Egyptian military preparations, accompanied by unrestrained incitement to war by all Egyptian and Syrian propaganda organs, are continuing. Large-scale Egyptian units, composed of infantry divisions and armoured divisions, are stationed along our frontiers. In a speech delivered on 26 May the President of Egypt, Colonel Nasser, declared:
"The blockade of Sharm el-Sheikh means our waging an all-out war against Israel. This is going to be a total war. Our fundamental aim is the annihilation of Israel."
I beg you, Mr. Prime Minister, to express to the Governments of Egypt and the world the opinion of the USSR Government regarding such declarations.
When Egypt declares that it is not prepared to co-exist with Israel, and that it means to wage a war of annihilation against it, only a considered and objective approach can contribute to the interests of peace. We much regret that on various occasions, such as for instance the participation of the USSR delegates in the discussions now going on in the Security Council and in publications in the Soviet Press, the USSR has adopted the false claims and accusations of Israel's enemies.
When the organs of Arab propaganda raised the contention that Israel is concentrating forces in order to attack Syria, I invited your Ambassador in Israel to visit the frontier and to find out for himself that there was no truth in this allegation. To my regret, the Ambassador did not respond to our invitation. The Chief of Staff of the UNTSO checked these claims and informed the Secretary-General of the UN and the capitals of the region that there were no Israeli concentrations at the Syrian border. The Secretary-General even included a statement to this effect in the Report which he submitted on 19 May to the Security Council.
Nevertheless, the representatives and the press of the USSR continued to make the false accusation current. They also voiced the claim that the leaders of Israel, in their speeches, threatened Syria. All those who peruse the declarations made by Israeli statesmen will see that they only constitute a reaction to the threats which the Arab States have poured upon us during the last 19 years, and that even in very grave situations our declarations have always included an appeal to peace and the expression of the hope that it will be established.
L. Eshkol
Sources: Israeli Foreign Ministry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Worst case bioethics
Doctors' vs. Patients' Autonomy Concept in a Multi-Cultural Environment
Download 273.29 Kb.
Size 273.29 Kb.
Asymmetry of the attitude to truth-telling to dying patients in Latvia
Respect for personal identity and justice in genetic testing and counseling, with a special focus on Italian law
The methodological problems and the ethical dilemmas in triage
Ethical Considerations of Triage – The IDF Humanitarian Mission to Haiti as a Case Study
Knowing where you come from": the meaning of genetic relatedness and the right of donor-conceived offspring to know their genetic origins
Ethical decision-making by terminally ill patients
Introduction to special session
Integrity and human cloning
Sexuality education policies for youth: a value-neutral science-based only approach
Nachshon, A; Nachshon, L; Shwartz, M; Glick, S
medethics1@gmail.com
It is acceptable in the Western society that clinical decisions are carried out in accordance with the patient's wish and approval (the patient's autonomy) as well established in the Israeli law since 1996. The lack of consent regarding this point may cause difficulties in doctor-patient relations. Our study compares the doctors' concept of autonomy and that of hospitalized patients in the unique Western medical center of Be'er Sheva, who come from a variety of cultures- Western and Eastern, immigrants and seniors, Jews and Arabs (mostly of Bedouin tribes).
A non-intervening, prospective questionnaire which included two parts was used. The first part included epidemiological data and doctors' views concerning given statements, whereas the second part used a comparison regarding the doctors' and the patients' judgment of subjects related to the patient's autonomy, the doctor's and the family's authority as seen in clinical cases. A questionnaire was handed out to 105 doctors and to 150 patients, both divided to 3 subgroups: senior Jews, new Russian immigrants and Arabs.
The doctors (5.88 of 7 average) as well as the patients (6.19 average of 7) considered supplying the patient with information concerning his disease of utmost significance and they also expressed their wish to exercise a mutual partnership in the process of making medical decisions regarding the disease and its treatment.
On the other hand, patients feel they do not get the information they require from their doctors and they grade their knowledge of their disease as mediocre, despite the fact that most doctors report that they give their patients detailed information and the majority (about 85%) of all groups express their wish that the patient should be active in planning his treatment and follow-up programs. The majority of both doctors and patients consent that a terminal patient who wishes to terminate his life should not be ventilated even if the doctor and his family members approve of it. Yet, the doctors' consent is more significantly than the patients'.
There is a higher consent among patients that the family of an HIV patient should be informed of the status of his disease despite his objection, compared to the doctors', regardless of cultural or religious differences. There was a significant difference in the attitude towards Autonomy between the Arab patients group and the other two patients groups. The Arabs expressed less interest in their autonomy, especially in their wish to get information about their disease.
The study reveals that doctors approve of the patient's autonomy much more than the patients themselves. Cultural context influences the attitude towards Autonomy and the doctor-patient-family relationship in making clinical decisions. Clinical care givers should be aware of those cultural differences which may exist between patients who were born, raised and educated in the same land and get their medical treatment in the same hospital. Cultural differences may also influence the patients' satisfaction with and response to the treatment, as well as their relation and cooperation with the medical team. Doctors' vs. patients' approach.
Neiders, Ivars; Silis Vents; Sile, Vija
ivars.neiders@rsu.lv
It is difficult nowadays to avoid being shocked after discovering that the virtue of sincerity in physician–patient relationship has been neglected in almost all ethical codes till the middle of the 20-th Century. Such neglect is almost unimaginable after radical changes in medical ethics that have taken place since then, namely, the heavy emphasis on mutual trust, patient's autonomy and informed decision-making. There seems to be a widespread consensus that all things being equal it is a physician's duty to tell the truth to their patients, even in cases when the news are very bad. This attitude hardly needs any defence nowadays.
However, it does not follow from the above consensus that both involved parties have the same attitude towards truth-telling. A number of empirical studies indicate that in spite of the fact that many physicians assume that patients generally do not want to learn the sad truth about their condition; most patients express the desire to know news even if they are bad. What is paradoxical in the case of physicians is the sort of double standard in their attitude toward truth-telling, i.e., one the one hand, most medical professionals say that they would not speak openly to their patients, on the other hand they themselves wish that they would be told the truth. We call this the asymmetry of the attitude to truth-telling (AATT).
There are reasons to believe that attitudes to truth-telling may vary from society to society. As the tradition of paternalism inherited from soviet health care system has not been completely extinguished yet, we conjecture that AATT characterizes Latvian health care professionals as well. To test this hypothesis we plan to conduct a survey and to compare the attitude to truth telling of medical students to that of practicing physicians. We hope to establish, whether doctors are prone to AATT and how their attitudes differ (if at all) from those of students. Another question we want to address in our paper is what (if anything) should be done with the way of how young doctors are trained. This in turn requires a deeper understanding of AATT itself.
Nepi, Leonardo
l.nepi@lumsa.it
The paper will concern the topic "Respect for personal identity and justice in genetic testing and counseling, with a special focus on Italian law". The aim is to work out, in the light of a critical analysis of law, the relevance of genetic testing and counseling, with attention to personal identity and justice. Knowledge that may and might be obtained through genetics (as regards pathologies or the risk of occurrence) raise a lot of questions: the acquisition of awareness of possible risks and benefits (as regards the subject or the embryo/foetus), the capacity of acceptance of the answer when there is no possibility of therapy (graduating the right to know and the right not to know), the conflict between the individual interest and the others or society, the possibility of diffusion of information with implications on the intimacy of the subject or on discriminations. In this field informed consent is not sufficient: the social interest needs a balance between private and public sphere and it is necessary to outline the relations between freedom and responsibility. The increasing request of genetic tests tends to show and highlight these problems.
The specific challenges of genetic testing and counseling depend on the type of genetic test that is performed: diagnostic, predictive, susceptibility, pharmacogenetic, carrier, prenatal or preimplantation genetic testing. Also the ethical problems related to genetic counseling depend largely on the kind of test that is at stake. Prenatal and preimplantation counseling might have to deal with the status of the human embryo; carrier counseling will frequently be confronted with the issue of reproductive health; the counseling of children will have to cope with this issue of (lack of ) autonomy. What is common in most forms of genetic counseling and testing is the issue of privacy and confidentiality.
According to this, we want to expose the solutions adopted in Italian law on this issue within the more general principles laid down by the Oviedo Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. (The content of the paper is a part of the results obtained in the course of the research "Gen-Etica", funded by the Italian Ministry for University and Research and done by the Centre for Studies on Biolaw LUMSA – Rome, directed by Prof. Laura Palazzani).
Papagounos, Georgios
gpapagounos@ath.forthnet.gr
In this paper I argue that triage is a standard procedure in health care. It is just the "usual practice" which is caused by the scarcity or the shortage of resources, on the one hand, and the fluctuating demand, on the other. However, I claim that there are indeed problems and dilemmas caused by this procedure which arise from the criteria that are used in its application under radically varying circumstances.
Conditions that require triage range from extreme cases of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, epidemics, a tsunami, a volcano eruption to plain man-made disasters such as wars and terrorist attacks. However, the most common and the most problematic cases are those which are the outcome of shortages that result either from bad planning or from the specific political priorities set in financing the various sectors of health care, e.g., in intensive care, neo-natal care, mental health etc.
The criteria which are used in triage, that is in deciding who is to be treated first or treated at all, are the "conclusions" of informal arguments. The grounds, the reasons, the premises in these arguments derive from the political, the social and the ideological environment existing at the time, the present economic conditions and the available resources. The generally accepted -at the time- moral theory and the medical knowledge concerning the nature of the problem at hand play also a very important role. Lastly, the psychological factor, i.e. the reaction of individual health care providers to critical conditions may alter the designed course of things, the pre-determined policies and apply extraordinary ad hoc measures.
I claim, also, that the methodological problems and the ethical dilemmas arising out of triage are the result of the arguments employed for its justification. The core question which has to be answered is who is going to be treated first or, to use a term that I have employed repeatedly in the past, how and why is one going to be considered a "morally significant addressee of an action".
Ram-Tiktin, Efrat
Efrat.Ram-Tiktin@biu.ac.il
Natural disasters occurring in populated areas may lead to multi-casualty events and to extensive destruction of infrastructures, including medical facilities. Humanitarian aid delegations sent to disaster zones to provide medical treatment have to cope with, among other pressing needs, the complicated issue of patients' prioritization under circumstances of scarcity of resources. The IDF (Israel Defense Force) humanitarian mission to Haiti (January 2010) is presented as a case study for the various considerations that ought to be included in designing the clinical-ethical policy of a field hospital and for setting priorities between patients.
Two principal questions will be discussed. The first is related to the application of principles of justice: Do the concept of justice and the rules of justice also apply under circumstances of severe scarcity, or are these rules negated, as suggested by David Hume? I argue, contrary to Hume, that the concept of justice and its principles apply even under circumstances of severe scarcity; moreover, the moral obligation to act upon them is not dependent on their advantage to the whole society. The second question deals with the substance of these rules of justice. Here, egalitarian and utilitarian considerations are examined within the context of establishing priorities between patients, and a complex utilitarian account is suggested as a triage model. A critical review of the hospital officers' decisions at the field hospital in Haiti is examined according to the guidelines of this suggested model.
Ravitsky, Vardit
vardit.ravitsky@umontreal.ca
The community of donor-conceived offspring is now coming of age and the voices and concerns of these individuals are coming to the forefront. A growing body of literature is currently emerging, describing their experiences and unique perspectives and fuelling the debate about the right to know one's genetic origins.
In this paper, I argue that different claims are being made under the umbrella concept of 'the right to know one's genetic origins' in a manner that confounds the debate. To achieve greater conceptual clarity we should distinguish between at least four aspects of this right. Each of these aspects relies on a distinctive understanding of the meaning of 'genetic relatedness' and can be addressed by a different policy. The paper delineates these different policies and meanings.
This paper thus describes four aspects of the right: the medical aspect which points towards the right to know one's full medical history and to know medically relevant genetic information about the donor; the identity aspect which points towards the right to personal information about the donor as a person (narrative information) that would assist offspring in overcoming identity issues; the relational aspect which points towards the right to know the full identity of the donor in order to contact him or her and attempt to establish a relationship; and the parental disclosure aspect which relates to the right to know the truth about the circumstances of one's conception as trumping parents' right to privacy.
I argue that each of these aspects is based on a different understanding of the meaning of genetic relatedness. The medical aspect expresses a narrow understanding of genetic relatedness as meaningful solely in a biological sense; the identity aspect expresses a broader understanding of genetic relatedness as having an effect on personal identity; the relational aspect expresses an extensive understanding of genetic relatedness as justifying an appeal for a personal relationship; and the parental disclosure aspect expresses the most far-reaching understanding of genetic relatedness, seeing it as creating a connection powerful enough to justify state intrusion into the family.
Each of these aspects can be addressed by a different policy solution, from disclosure of medical history and genetic information, through disclosure of de-identified personal information, all the way to disclosure of donor identity and to legal enforcement of truth-telling within the family. I therefore argue that these policy options are based on distinctive notions of the role that genetic relatedness should play in the construction of families and in social life. As we expand the scope of the meaning of genetic relatedness, we expand the scope of the right and provide justification for policies that allow it to trump the rights of other parties.
Rehmann-Sutter, Christoph; Ohnsorge, Kathrin; Gudat, Heike
rehmann@imgwf.uni-luebeck.de
End-of-life issues are a standard topic of medical ethics. The vast literature of the last couple of decades however focused most frequently on the moral perspective of providers of medical care or assistance to die, and of those regulating such interventions or omissions that can hasten death. The moral perspective of patients, whose life is primarily affected, is rarely treated. There are several reasons for this. One of them is respect of patients' autonomy, another is the fact that 'patient' is no professional role with a need of a professional ethos. Questions in the providers' and regulators' moral perspectives are for instance these: Is it permissible to offer assistance to suicide, if a patient wishes so? Is it acceptable (socially, morally, legally, politically etc.) that certain practices of assisted dying are tolerated? In the mindset underlying this predominant way of constructing the ethical questions, patients' wishes are treated such as they were givens. The wishes need to be based on relevant 'information', and the information process is indeed a topic in medical ethics. But the development of a wish, or the conflicts it encapsulates are rarely looked at. Ultimately, the patients' wishes remain outside the ethical discussion.
With the advent of empirical methodology and the inclusion of narrative approaches in biomedical ethics, this situation has started to change. The patient is currently (re-)discovered as a moral agent in medicine. We report from a study conducted at three different palliative care settings in Switzerland, with 120 analyzed semi-structured interviews with 30 terminally ill oncology patients, their close relatives and their caregivers. They were focused on the patients' wishes in regard to their life's end, and on the ethical implications of the corresponding decisions. To avoid bias, we didn't narrow the study focus to a wish to hasten death, but interviewed patients with different sorts of ideas towards their dying. The data has been analyzed and interpreted using phenomenological and hermeneutical methodology.
Results show that terminally ill persons can experience and mean quite different things when expressing a wish to die and that deeper knowledge about these differences is indeed ethically relevant. Neither is a wish to die always a wish to hasten death, nor is it always stable, transports continuously the same meaning over the course of time, nor can it be understood outside personal relationships. The data also provide insight into complex, often ambivalent processes of decision-making at the end of life where patients constitute themselves as moral agents and as reflecting ethical subjects. We present several cases and argue that in order to better understand these processes with the view to a patient-centred medical ethics at the end of life, the patients' voices, their own narratives, need to be heard. A wish to die is not only a wish that one's life may end at some time and in a certain way, but also an articulation of sense, a reclaim of ethical meaning as a social and moral actor in the face the radical contingency of death.
Rehmann-Sutter, Christoph
Transplantation medicine has special political and ethical implications in situations of political conflict, in particular if donor-recipient relationships cross the borderlines of a conflict. Humanity in such situations can materialize in the gift of life and in the difficult organizational measures that are necessary for the transplantation. All acts involved, however, are inevitably also political acts that in a certain way relate to the conflict. Whether they are intended to or not, they are seen as answers to the conflict. These acts include the gift of tissue or organs, the way stories are told, the media coverage of success and failure, the images used, even the way the events become a topic in the social sciences or ethics.
What can we learn from the experiences in such cases? How can we study these practices fairly? Which effects can the results of the studies have? How can they be used for deepening or for alleviating the conflict? How can we do justice to the people involved, who suffer both from disease, loss, and bereavement? How can medical philosophy and medical ethics discuss these questions? - I will summarize the story of The Heart of Jenin as it is told in the film, and briefly develop a rough framework for the ethical and philosophical discussion.
Rozynska, Joanna
jrozynska@gmail.com
The birth of Dolly the cloned sheep, in 1997, ignited a worldwide debate about the rightness and wrongness of human reproductive cloning. At present, most scientists agree that cloning poses risks of serious congenital anomalies and premature death to clones. The risks constitute a compelling argument against using the procedure on humans. However, even if, at some future time, the technology became safe and effective, many ethicists, lawyers and policymakers would still argue that it should be banned, because it is contrary to human dignity and integrity.
The aim of my presentation is to analyze the worthiness of moral and legal objection towards human reproductive cloning grounded in the right to integrity. This right is used as a main argument against the technology, in particular, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Art. 3 of the Charter states that "everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity" (sec.1), and in the fields of medicine and biology the prohibition of the reproductive cloning of human beings must be respected (sec. 2, iv). It is also explicitly enshrined in the paragraph 1 of the WHO Resolution WHA51.10 (Ethical, scientific and social implications of cloning in human health).
Firstly, I will discuss what the right to integrity means and how it relates to the right to (genetic) identity as conceptualized in the existing international regulatory framework concerning new genetic and reprogenetic technologies? Using existing scientific and legal literature, I will create a matrix of the contemporary interpretations (senses) of the concept of human integrity, similar to the working model of human dignity developed by Steven Malby (Health and Human Rights, 2002 6(1):102-135). Next, I will test selected elements of human reproductive cloning against each of the integrity concepts contained in the matrix. Finally, I will argue that the concept of human integrity may provide a legitimate rationale for introducing a priori a total ban on human reproductive cloning only if the human integrity is understood as a collective human genetic identity and it can be proved that cloning will lead to the erosion of the "genetic heritage of mankind". At the end, I will comment on Norberto Nuno Gomesde Andrade's criticism of the idea of a collective, static and heritable genetic identity (Human Genetic Manipulation and the Right to Identity: The Contradictions of Human Rights Law in Regulating the Human Genome, Scripted 2010, vol. 7, no 3: 430-452), and the relation between human dignity and integrity, and practical consequences of the conceptual distinction.
Sexuality education policies for youth: a value-neutral science-based only approach?
Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Osorio, A; Beltramo, C; Carlos, S; López-del Burgo, C; De Irala, J
mcanela@unav.es
Education policies are a keystone to tackle the risks of pregnancy, HIV and sexually transmitted infections among adolescents. However, several authors have criticized the interference of ideology or beliefs in specific interventions applied to sexual education programs. For example, abstinence education is considered non-effective and based on moral and religious beliefs of their proponents. Conversely, there is a growing consensus supporting the so called "comprehensive" sex education programs based mainly supposedly on scientific evidence. A frequent opinion is that using scientific evidence instead of moral debates will help to definitely address sexual risk-taking by teens when public health decisions have to be taken.
The general aim of this paper is to explore why sexuality education policies might neither be neutral or only based on science. The following ideas will be applied to this issue.
The application of biomedical paradigms from evidence-based medicine to public health is necessary but insufficient. It is difficult to extrapolate evidence from clinical trials or meta-analysis into health policy because the contexts of new interventions also have to be taken into account. Science will frequently help policy makers to frame problems but will not necessarily provide a single and "objective" solution. Specific solutions come from a combination of systematic reviews and expert opinions, which involve judgment. The problem with consensus is the elimination of alternatives that may be valuable for the decision-making process of complex problems. A better alternative in health policy might be to articulate the broadest set of plausible interpretations, options and perspectives imagined by the best experts, and in line with scientific evidence, rather than forcing convergence to an allegedly unified idea supposedly only based on science.
It seems logical to think that public health policies should be as neutral as possible and therefore be based on objective measures of harms, benefits and effectiveness. However, facts are relevant to value judgments but they do not settle value disputes on their own. Health promotion policies necessarily include value judgments as well. These judgments relate to the way in which problems are defined and what is taken to be indicators of success. For example, neutrality is naïve in debates about contraception, where some see contraceptives as useful tools for ensuring the safety of sexually active teenagers, while others denounce contraception as licensing unhealthy and immoral behavior. Both perspectives can be confirmed using scientific studies.
Education and health promotion are related to health behaviors. The ethics of changing behaviors depends on which aspect is being targeted. There is a continuum from less to more controversial interventions. Attempts to modify lifestyles related to sexuality raise deep questions because they affect not only health but values that concern the whole person. Parents have different views as to what education is acceptable to influence adolescents' sexual behavior. Discrimination is possible albeit using apparently neutral practices because persons with a given trait (religious or cultural) can end up disadvantaged with respect to their right to choose a specific education for their children.
Directory: files
files -> The United States and Post-Castro Cuba
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files -> Socials 11: Provincial Exam Review Preparation Essay Component
files -> 9. 5 Political Powers and Achievements Tom Burns- beacon High School
files -> Indiana Academic Standards Resource Guide World History and Civilization Standards Approved March 2014
files -> On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness" "Ozymandious" Arthur Guiterman (1871-1943;1936) Author
files -> Understanding Diversity What is Diversity?
files -> Sscg: 16 Unit 7: Judicial Branch
civilian population
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moral foundation
usual rules


Check out Jamie and Shawn's stunning wedding photos taken at the iconic Grand Theatre in London. This was the first wedding ever to take place inside this haunted venue.
Every time I'll think about photographing the wedding of Jamie and Shawn, I'll remember being the first wedding photographer to have ever photographed at The Grand Theater in London, Ontario. One of the things that made this wedding venue unique for Jamie and Shawn was the knowing this was the first wedding ever at this haunted venue. Jamie & Shawn are truly such genuine people and that has came through in every interaction I've had with them. From meeting with them at my Guelph photography studio, I knew they would be an amazing couple to photograph! After capturing their engagement photos at Humber Bay in Toronto I was ecstatic knowing that the wedding would be a once in a lifetime experience. Thank you so much for allowing me to be part of your big day Jamie & Shawn.
Shawn knew Jamie was the one when she told him he would take him to go karts but took him to drive supercars instead.Jamie knew shawn was the one when he came to watch her research presentation and remembered lots of key points for years after even though it was super boring.
I had a feeling he would propose when we went to Vegas and I had a few drinks the first night we were there and told him I thought he would propose but he wasn't being anxious enough. A couple days later we went on a helicopter ride and landed in the bottom of the Grand Canyon and had the pilot take pictures while Shawn was down on one knee. My first response was "I knew it after all!!" After that I was excited.
Jamie loves that Shawn can always make her laugh even when she's mad. Shawn loves how hard working Jamie is and can always lift him up when he's stressed.
The perogie bar at late night buffet.
Even though I thought I had it all organised there a million tiny details that are almost impossible to plan for.
Are wedding bells in your future? Our award-winning engagement and wedding photography studio based in Guelph, Ontario is the go-to studio for engaged couples looking for a more boutique wedding day. We specialise in creating beautiful artwork to grace the walls of your new home. Get in touch to let's chat.


text:
PERFORMANCE SHIPPING INC. ANNOUNCES REPURCHASE OF SERIES C PREFERRED SHARES AND CHANGE OF TICKER SYMBOL
- NASDAQ Companies
ATHENS, Greece, March 27, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Performance Shipping Inc. (NASDAQ: DCIX), (the "Company"), a global shipping company specializing in the ownership of vessels, today announced that it has redeemed all of its issued and outstanding Series C Preferred Shares from Diana Shipping Inc., for an aggregate purchase price of US$1.5 million. The Series C Shares, which were issued to Diana Shipping Inc. under a then-existing credit facility in exchange for a reduction of indebtedness of US$3.0 million, conveyed 250,000 votes per Series C share. The Series C Shares have effectively been cancelled by the Company.
Separately, the Company also announced that, as of the opening of trading on Monday, March 30, 2020, it will commence trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "PSHG". Commenting on the recent changes, Mr. Andreas Michalopoulos, the Company's Deputy Chief Executive Officer, stated:"The Company is pleased to have redeemed all of its Series C voting shares, which marks an important step in simplifying the Company's outstanding securities and enabling the pursuit of a differentiating business strategy with an independent management team. Additionally, the transfer of the ticker symbol to 'PSHG' and the previously completed name change reflect the Company's ongoing focus on becoming a pure tanker owning company." About the CompanyPerformance Shipping Inc. is a global provider of shipping transportation services through its ownership of vessels. The Company's current fleet of vessels is employed primarily on spot charters with leading charterers.Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsMatters discussed in this press release may constitute forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts.The Company desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation. The words "believe," "anticipate," "intends," "estimate," "forecast," "project," "plan," "potential," "may," "should," "expect," "pending" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.Corporate Contact:
Andreas Michalopoulos
Director, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Telephone: +30-216-600-2400
Email: Website: www.pshipping.com Investor and Media Relations:
Edward Nebb
Comm-Counsellors, LLC
Telephone: + 1-203-972-8350
Bay Street News
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text:
layout: post
title:  Installation
categories: XAP97INST
parent: net.html
weight: 200
---

{%note title=System Requirements%}For a list of supported platforms please consult [the realease notes](/release_notes) {%endnote%}

GigaSpaces XAP.NET is packaged as a standard Windows Installer package (.msi file). To start the installation simply double-click the msi file, and the installation wizard will pop up and guide you through the installation process.

Once you accept the licence agreement, you will be asked to choose a setup type. Select 'Complete' to install all the features in the default path (C:\GigaSpaces\XAP.NET {%currentversion%}). Selecting 'Custom' will allow you to customize the installation path, which features will be installed, and more.

## Other Installation Options

GigaSpaces XAP.NET offers more installation scenarios and customizations. For example:

- Command-line installation.
- Packaging XAP.NET in another installation package.
- Side-by-side installations.
- Using a different jvm.

For more information see [Advanced Installation Scenarios](./net-advanced-installation.html)


Last week I stepped out of my house and it was 114 degrees Fahrenheit. Getting in my car, I instantly felt the heat zap my energy. My skin was dry, the air was hot, and everything seemed to slow down to snail pace. A sizzling, fried up snail that is.
Roasting in the intractable heat for five days now reminds me a lot of the spell I just came through. I was burnt out and a hot, fiery mess.
I struggle with this one. Hard. I'm fiery and I'm passionate - the embers of life purpose burn hot and deep. So when I feel strongly about something, I can get obsessed. I'm an information gatherer - sort of like a hunter-gatherer, except I fill my basket with articles, books, music, podcasts, and movies. If I can get my hands on it, I'll absorb it. Intellectualization is how I process. That and empathy. So once my emotions are linked to the information, I'm far down the rabbit hole.
Video | Stress & Inflammation: What's the Link?
5 tips to prevent stress + inflammation!
P.s. don't mind the cat!
Ever feel like an aggressive driver? Chalk it up to years living in Los Angeles. In LA, if you don't drive fast enough, if you don't run the yellow, and if you don't get out of the way you WILL get the bird from other drivers. Or dangerously cut off. So I prefer to think of myself as an assertive driver.
I also like to think of myself as an assertive person - especially when it comes to health. After years as a nurse and a patient, I've seen both sides of the curtain. As a nurse, I really need my clients' honesty so I can see the full picture. And as a patient, I really need my healthcare providers to answer my questions so I can make the best decisions for my health. This is where partnership comes in.
In my moments of weakness, I tell myself: To learn the answer you have to ask. To ask you have to speak. To speak to someone you got to get the damn doctor on the phone.
Modifying how I do things is the difference between actually doing it verses not doing it. Modifying acknowledges the barrier, but then allows me to pivot to a more advantageous position.
Modifying takes back control from chronic pain and fatigue.
It says I can't do much, but I can do something.
Doing something is the start of lifestyle change.
Today I feel the tension and frustration acutely.


text:
Coronavirus: Smart helmet touted as part of answer to get people flying again
The developer of a smart helmet that is capable of accurately scanning people's body temperature from up to 16 feet says it could help re-open international travel.
The KC Smart Helmet, developed by Chinese company KC Wearable, is already in use in China, the United Arab Emirates and Italy.
It uses next generation of thermal imaging cameras that means up to 200 people could be screened in a minute with 96% accuracy.
Dr Jie Guo, global head at KC Wearable, said: "Covid-19 continues to pose unparalleled challenges to our way of life around the world.
"Amidst the chaos, there are two overriding priorities. Firstly, protecting the health and safety of our citizens and then getting back to our normal way of life. The KC helmet is our first step in achieving both aims."
KC Wearable said the helmet provides an "efficient and effective solution" to the challenges airlines will face in the coming months.
Homeworking agency GoCruise & Travel launches...
Social media influencer travel website Trendi...
Tour operator If Only set to roll out inhouse...
Expedia agrees content deal with cryptocurren...
Jul 17th, 2020 at 12:57
Tui Musement predicts return to record growth...


text:
Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation
M. A. Cruz, V. Gallardo, P. Miguel, G. Carrasco, C. González
The possibility that prostanoids mediate the contractile response of serotonin on placental vessels was investigated. Rings of chorionic plate arteries and veins with and without endothelium were suspended in an organ bath for recording isometric mechanically activity. Serotonin caused dose-dependent contractions that were significantly attenuated by indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 10 μM) and SQ29,548 (thromboxane receptor antagonist, 1 μM). Pretreatment of placental venous and arterial rings with indomethacin decreased sensitivity (EC50) to serotonin of 2.3- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Pretreatment with SQ29,548 decreased sensitivity to serotonin of twofold in veins and 2.1-fold in arteries. In the endothelium-denuded placental arteries and veins, pretreatment with indomethacin and SQ29,548 reduced the serotonin-induced contraction in a similar way to that obtained in the endothelium-intact vessels. In isolated perfused cotyledon through the fetal circulation, serotonin caused a significant increase in perfusion pressure and stimulated thromboxane release 1.9-fold compared with basal values. Therefore, serotonin-induced vasoconstriction in the human fetoplacental circulation appears to be mediated in part by thromboxane release or action. This effect is not dependent on mediators released from the endothelium. The present study provides evidence for the participation of thromboxane A2 in the contractile response to serotonin in the human placental circulation. The ability of serotonin to release thromboxane A2 which is also a potent vasoconstrictor agent, may be important in increase fetoplacental resistance, one of the features of pre-eclampsia.
Dive into the research topics of 'Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Placental Circulation Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Thromboxanes Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Vasoconstriction Medicine & Life Sciences 69%
Serotonin Medicine & Life Sciences 58%
Endothelium Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Indomethacin Medicine & Life Sciences 22%
Veins Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Thromboxane A2 Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Cruz, M. A., Gallardo, V., Miguel, P., Carrasco, G., & González, C. (1997). Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation. Placenta, 18(2-3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-4004(97)90093-X
Cruz, M. A. ; Gallardo, V. ; Miguel, P. ; Carrasco, G. ; González, C. / Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation. In: Placenta. 1997 ; Vol. 18, No. 2-3. pp. 197-204.
@article{3dd4e4730e6547e9960a70d5164092f1,
title = "Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation",
abstract = "The possibility that prostanoids mediate the contractile response of serotonin on placental vessels was investigated. Rings of chorionic plate arteries and veins with and without endothelium were suspended in an organ bath for recording isometric mechanically activity. Serotonin caused dose-dependent contractions that were significantly attenuated by indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 10 μM) and SQ29,548 (thromboxane receptor antagonist, 1 μM). Pretreatment of placental venous and arterial rings with indomethacin decreased sensitivity (EC50) to serotonin of 2.3- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Pretreatment with SQ29,548 decreased sensitivity to serotonin of twofold in veins and 2.1-fold in arteries. In the endothelium-denuded placental arteries and veins, pretreatment with indomethacin and SQ29,548 reduced the serotonin-induced contraction in a similar way to that obtained in the endothelium-intact vessels. In isolated perfused cotyledon through the fetal circulation, serotonin caused a significant increase in perfusion pressure and stimulated thromboxane release 1.9-fold compared with basal values. Therefore, serotonin-induced vasoconstriction in the human fetoplacental circulation appears to be mediated in part by thromboxane release or action. This effect is not dependent on mediators released from the endothelium. The present study provides evidence for the participation of thromboxane A2 in the contractile response to serotonin in the human placental circulation. The ability of serotonin to release thromboxane A2 which is also a potent vasoconstrictor agent, may be important in increase fetoplacental resistance, one of the features of pre-eclampsia.",
author = "Cruz, {M. A.} and V. Gallardo and P. Miguel and G. Carrasco and C. Gonz{\'a}lez",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by grant FONDECYT are very grateful to the physicians and midwives cooperation in this study.",
journal = "Placenta",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
Cruz, MA, Gallardo, V, Miguel, P, Carrasco, G & González, C 1997, 'Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation', Placenta, vol. 18, no. 2-3, pp. 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-4004(97)90093-X
Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation. / Cruz, M. A.; Gallardo, V.; Miguel, P.; Carrasco, G.; González, C.
In: Placenta, Vol. 18, No. 2-3, 1997, p. 197-204.
T1 - Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation
AU - Cruz, M. A.
AU - Gallardo, V.
AU - Miguel, P.
AU - Carrasco, G.
AU - González, C.
N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by grant FONDECYT are very grateful to the physicians and midwives cooperation in this study.
N2 - The possibility that prostanoids mediate the contractile response of serotonin on placental vessels was investigated. Rings of chorionic plate arteries and veins with and without endothelium were suspended in an organ bath for recording isometric mechanically activity. Serotonin caused dose-dependent contractions that were significantly attenuated by indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 10 μM) and SQ29,548 (thromboxane receptor antagonist, 1 μM). Pretreatment of placental venous and arterial rings with indomethacin decreased sensitivity (EC50) to serotonin of 2.3- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Pretreatment with SQ29,548 decreased sensitivity to serotonin of twofold in veins and 2.1-fold in arteries. In the endothelium-denuded placental arteries and veins, pretreatment with indomethacin and SQ29,548 reduced the serotonin-induced contraction in a similar way to that obtained in the endothelium-intact vessels. In isolated perfused cotyledon through the fetal circulation, serotonin caused a significant increase in perfusion pressure and stimulated thromboxane release 1.9-fold compared with basal values. Therefore, serotonin-induced vasoconstriction in the human fetoplacental circulation appears to be mediated in part by thromboxane release or action. This effect is not dependent on mediators released from the endothelium. The present study provides evidence for the participation of thromboxane A2 in the contractile response to serotonin in the human placental circulation. The ability of serotonin to release thromboxane A2 which is also a potent vasoconstrictor agent, may be important in increase fetoplacental resistance, one of the features of pre-eclampsia.
AB - The possibility that prostanoids mediate the contractile response of serotonin on placental vessels was investigated. Rings of chorionic plate arteries and veins with and without endothelium were suspended in an organ bath for recording isometric mechanically activity. Serotonin caused dose-dependent contractions that were significantly attenuated by indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 10 μM) and SQ29,548 (thromboxane receptor antagonist, 1 μM). Pretreatment of placental venous and arterial rings with indomethacin decreased sensitivity (EC50) to serotonin of 2.3- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Pretreatment with SQ29,548 decreased sensitivity to serotonin of twofold in veins and 2.1-fold in arteries. In the endothelium-denuded placental arteries and veins, pretreatment with indomethacin and SQ29,548 reduced the serotonin-induced contraction in a similar way to that obtained in the endothelium-intact vessels. In isolated perfused cotyledon through the fetal circulation, serotonin caused a significant increase in perfusion pressure and stimulated thromboxane release 1.9-fold compared with basal values. Therefore, serotonin-induced vasoconstriction in the human fetoplacental circulation appears to be mediated in part by thromboxane release or action. This effect is not dependent on mediators released from the endothelium. The present study provides evidence for the participation of thromboxane A2 in the contractile response to serotonin in the human placental circulation. The ability of serotonin to release thromboxane A2 which is also a potent vasoconstrictor agent, may be important in increase fetoplacental resistance, one of the features of pre-eclampsia.
JO - Placenta
JF - Placenta
Cruz MA, Gallardo V, Miguel P, Carrasco G, González C. Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by thromboxane release and action in the human fetal-placental circulation. Placenta. 1997;18(2-3):197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-4004(97)90093-X


Consumer borrowing is an important macroeconomic measure because it parallels consumer spending and serves as important measure of consumer confidence and health.
Loan growth is also of the most important drivers of sustainability for credit unions who depend principally on consumer lending and mortgage lending for the majority of their earnings.
Filene conducted an online survey among a nationally representative sample of consumers to develop a measurement of consumer borrowing intention. We wanted to build a repeatable instrument to show how intention can match with and predict annual borrowing. Download the report to learn how confident individuals are in their ability and likelihood to borrow.
Filene will continue to update data on consumer borrowing intentions periodically. In this way credit unions will have a constant pulse on members' appetite for loans.


text:
156	KANE COUNTY HISTORY
bridge across Fox river, and a small amount of work done west of that stream. But the investment in this road proved a disastrous one for the people of St. Charles and it was never completed, although about eight miles of track were laid at the east end. The right of way reverted to the original owners and the heavy stone piers stood in the river, lone monuments for years of the efforts of former times. But they were destined to become useful, for a new company, called the Minnesota & Northwestern, desiring an entrance to Chicago and recognizing the advantages offered by the direct and already graded "Air Line," -purchased the right of way, built a splendid line of road, and commenced running regular trains over it in the midsummer of 1887. This,road extends westward and northwestward to St. Paul and Minneapolis and was known as the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City Railroad. Later it became the Chicago & Great Western, by which name it is now known.
Mr. Lewis M. Gross in his history of DeKalb County gives the following account of the affair:
"Although people generally took their produce to St. Charles they found even that distance difficult to travel in years like 1851 and it became evident that something must be done to secure better means of communication with the outside world and transportation of the products of the country to market. Heretofore all the goods sold in stores were hauled from Chicago or from St. Charles, causing great inconvenience and a large expenditure of money for the merchants. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy was now in process of construction and promised relief to the southern portions of the county. The Galena division of the North-Western road was also being built, a branch of which was extended to St. Charles, which was then a very flourishing little city and the principal market for all the northern part of the county. When the matter came before our people to have the road extended through Kane and DeKalb counties the people were too poor to aid in the project. A plank road was established from Sycamore to St. Charles, these roads at this time being very popular throughout the eastern states and covered most of the distance between cities, but in a year or two the plank warped and the road became almost impassable and the planks were finally confiscated by the people living along the road and the project ,was given up. This was to be a toll road and people generally supposed it would be a source of great profit.
"In 1849 a road was commenced between Chicago and St. Charles, and on the 12th of December of that year the first train entered that city and the screams of the locomotive was heard for the first time in the Fox river valley. In August the Chicago & Galena division of the North-Western had completed their track to Elgin and had changed their route from St. Charles to that place. The citizens of that city, seeing that the salvation of their town depended upon the thoroughfare which had been opened, took the matter in their own hands and ran two trains daily from Elgin to the junction. Ira Minard, of St. Charles, controlled the line until October, 1856, when it passed into other hands. The depot stood on the east side of the city of St. Charles on land now occupied by the Free Methodist church. In 1853 Minard, with others, obtained a charter for the St. Charles & Galena Air Line road, into which the charter previously granted for the branch track was merged.
Transcript 156	KANE COUNTY HISTORY bridge across Fox river, and a small amount of work done west of that stream. But the investment in this road proved a disastrous one for the people of St. Charles and it was never completed, although about eight miles of track were laid at the east end. The right of way reverted to the original owners and the heavy stone piers stood in the river, lone monuments for years of the efforts of former times. But they were destined to become useful, for a new company, called the Minnesota & Northwestern, desiring an entrance to Chicago and recognizing the advantages offered by the direct and already graded "Air Line," -purchased the right of way, built a splendid line of road, and commenced running regular trains over it in the midsummer of 1887. This,road extends westward and northwestward to St. Paul and Minneapolis and was known as the Chicago, St. Paul & Kansas City Railroad. Later it became the Chicago & Great Western, by which name it is now known. Mr. Lewis M. Gross in his history of DeKalb County gives the following account of the affair: "Although people generally took their produce to St. Charles they found even that distance difficult to travel in years like 1851 and it became evident that something must be done to secure better means of communication with the outside world and transportation of the products of the country to market. Heretofore all the goods sold in stores were hauled from Chicago or from St. Charles, causing great inconvenience and a large expenditure of money for the merchants. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy was now in process of construction and promised relief to the southern portions of the county. The Galena division of the North-Western road was also being built, a branch of which was extended to St. Charles, which was then a very flourishing little city and the principal market for all the northern part of the county. When the matter came before our people to have the road extended through Kane and DeKalb counties the people were too poor to aid in the project. A plank road was established from Sycamore to St. Charles, these roads at this time being very popular throughout the eastern states and covered most of the distance between cities, but in a year or two the plank warped and the road became almost impassable and the planks were finally confiscated by the people living along the road and the project ,was given up. This was to be a toll road and people generally supposed it would be a source of great profit. "In 1849 a road was commenced between Chicago and St. Charles, and on the 12th of December of that year the first train entered that city and the screams of the locomotive was heard for the first time in the Fox river valley. In August the Chicago & Galena division of the North-Western had completed their track to Elgin and had changed their route from St. Charles to that place. The citizens of that city, seeing that the salvation of their town depended upon the thoroughfare which had been opened, took the matter in their own hands and ran two trains daily from Elgin to the junction. Ira Minard, of St. Charles, controlled the line until October, 1856, when it passed into other hands. The depot stood on the east side of the city of St. Charles on land now occupied by the Free Methodist church. In 1853 Minard, with others, obtained a charter for the St. Charles & Galena Air Line road, into which the charter previously granted for the branch track was merged.
- KaneCoHist_Vol1_pg392<


The tidal force acting on the oceans generates tidal currents due to the tractional component parallel to the surface. This is because horizontally there is no net gravitational force acting to counteract motion. This tractional force reaches a maximum at around 45 degrees to the central tidal bulge. Chiefio has a nice article describing how the declination of the moon during spring tides can effect induced currents in the polar regions.
Fig 1: Diagram showing how the tractional tidal component at the poles depends strongly on the lunar declination angle.
I have been using the JPL ephemeris and the French INPOP10 ephemeris to investigate how this has varied over the last 2000 years. I calculate the maximum net annual tide based on the positions of the sun and moon, the maximum tractional component at 65N (arctic circle) and what I call the 'melting index'. The melting index is meant to represent an extra ice melt influence of tidal motion working with summer insolation. It is zero during the arctic winter and proportional to average daily insolation times tidal acceleration in summer.
Fig 2: Recent daily tidal components. The lunar tide is shown in blue, the solar tide in red. Green shows the tractional acceleration at 65N.
The tractional component at 65N typically varies between zero and half the net tidal force. The daily variations in tides show a rich structure of spring and neap tides enhanced by perihelion of the earth and lunar orbits. However are there long term changes in these cycles affecting climate?
Next I looked at the long term dependence by calculating for each year the maximum for each tidal component. Figure 3 shows the annual maximum tides and their tractional component at 65N. There is a regular oscillation of ~8.8 years in the tractional force with the precession of the lunar orbit.
However if we instead find the maxima of the tractional component at 65N independently to the maximum annual tide then there is a far more stable dependency. The following plot shows the maximum tide and the maximum tractional acceleration calculated independently for each year. Superimposed in red is what I call the 'melt index' which is defined as the tractional acceleration weighted by its offset (in days) from midsummer maximum insolation (June 21).
Fig 4: The black curve shows the annual maximum tide. The blue curve shows independently the maximum tractional tide at 65N. Both are essentially constant with time. However the melt index shown in red shows a regular ~40 year cycle showing coincidence of maximum tide and high summer insolation.
The maximum traction at the poles is now also nearly constant but there is a definite cyclical effect on the timing with the seasons in which they occur, as picked up by the melt index. If we assume that large tides combined with high insolation enhances the arctic ice summer melting then this follows a roughly 40 year cycle.
This graph is a zoom in on the last of the period 1600 – 2100. If the tides influence the summer melt then we would expect to see a roughly 40 year regular variation in ice extent.
Conclusions. I find no evidence for variations in inter-annual variations in the maximum tides on earth over a 2000 year period using either JPL ephemeris or INPOP10. The maximum tides however show an 8.8 year variation in their tractional forces at the arctic circle (65N). However if instead we calculate the maximum tractional force independently then I also find no long term variation. The only variation which may effect polar climates is seen in the timing of the tractional force with the seasons. The occurrence of maximum tides in the arctic coincident with maximum solar insolation does have a ~40 years cycle. The tidal currents thereby induced may effect the summer melting of sea ice.
Next I will look at far longer timescales into the influence of Milankovitch cycles on the earth's orbital eccentricity which directly affects tides.
This entry was posted in Astronomy, Climate Change, climate science, Paleoclimatology, Science and tagged Arctic, Moon, Tides. Bookmark the permalink.
Interesting, are there any other 40 year cycles showing up in Climate?
Vey well done. I think you are on to something.
Iben Browning used to say that high tidal forces increase volcanic activity which can cause cooling when the ash gets into the stratosphere. I think he also mentioned that increased sunspot activity causes warming but the two combined whip the jet stream up and down making for a farmer's nightmare. 12/15/2017 has the highest tidal force in 368 years, so would seem to be a pretty good trigger. After he died, I don't think his daughter, Evelyn Browning Garis, focused on these areas very much. Do you have any thoughts on this?


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Casey Powell
Matt Landis: From Pelham To UA
I want to take a moment – in the off season in particular – to recognize Matt Landis, the Tewaaraton finalist defenseman from Notre Dame.
Matt Landis signs with Under Armour
We need more role models like Matt in the lacrosse world for a lot of reasons. He was the top defensive player in the nation, starting in all 15 games for the Irish in 2016. He picked up 31 ground balls and led the team with 18 caused turnovers. Matt is the 5th defensive player to be a Tewaaraton finalist but he is the first defensive player ever to be chosen as an Under Armour athlete.
I feel obligated to offer a BIG congratulations to any lacrosse player that joins the ranks of Tom Brady, Steph Curry, Jordan Spieth and Lindsay Vonn. Our sport is truly gaining international recognition.
Matt Landis playing hockey for Pelham Memorial High School
I mentioned the "off season" of lacrosse because I would be willing to bet Matt Landis didn't have time to even look at his lacrosse stick in the off season. We never want to let our skills go dormant but we do want to play other sports at a high level to complement our lacrosse game and make us well rounded athletes. Matt wrote the book on competing in many sports at a high level. Parents, students, coaches, athletic directors, lax-bros of all ages, please take notes.
In addition to four seasons of lacrosse at Pelham High School, Matt was a superstar on their football and hockey teams. He earned 3rd team All-New York State linebacker during his junior year, he was All League Westchester County his Sophomore and Junior year, he was the football team's defensive MVP as a sophomore and a junior, he played 4 seasons of hockey, he earned first team all-state (Division II) accolades as a junior and senior, he was two time hockey team captain, he received the 2012 Russ Simons Sportsmanship Award, he was a three-time Westchester County All-League, he was Pelham Memorial's 2012 Athlete of the Year, he was an honor roll student, a member of the National Science Honor Society and he graduated with a 3.410 GPA.
Something tells me Matt's schedule was not limited to a hectic, year-round travel lacrosse team. In fact, I know it wasn't because he didn't start playing organized lacrosse until 9thgrade. Think about that for a minute.
We're quodophiles here at CaseyPowell.com, and all I can think of is that Matt Landis has been in touch with Ralph Waldo Emerson.
"The only person you are destined to become is the person you decide to be."
– CP
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Casey Powell is an entrepreneur, endorser, player, coach and lacrosse ambassador. Since graduating from Syracuse University, Powell has spent his professional career traveling the world playing, teaching and helping to spread the game of lacrosse.
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My housemates and their dinner guests drank a 24 pack of lagers yesterday.
What luck! After gleefully mangling a half dozen cans, I successfully constructed an ultralight back/bikepacking alcohol stove. This model is called the Hannah stove (PDF instructions here). This variation on the pressurized penny stove does not require any special equipment or glues — just a pair of scissors, a pin and a handful of soda or beer cans. The idea is simple: cut the bottoms off of two cans. Drill a hole in the top of one half — this is for filling the stove with alcohol. Insert the top piece into the other half. Poke twenty-four holes around the rim; these become the gas jets.
After crushing my first two versions, I came up with a strategy for fitting the top half into the bottom. I first softened the metal of the bottom piece by burning a bit of denatured alcohol in it. I then wiggled the bottom of another can into the piece to gently widen the rim diameter. The two pieces fitted easily together using this trick!
Beautiful and amazing! Still mystified as to how exactly it works, but that's part of the fun.


Brunch menus should ideally contain at least a few cold dishes, especially for informal meals that will last several hours. Cold brunch food is easy to prepare and maintain and does not have the same limitations as hot brunch items. The majority of cold brunch dishes can sit out for several hours without spoiling, but you will want to take care with dishes that contain meat, eggs and mayonnaise.
Bagels are great cold food to serve at brunches, particularly if they are very fresh. A creative way to present bagels is to create a bagel bar with several different types of cream cheeses, butters and jams, along with smoked salmon, capers and diced onions. If desired, you can also supply a toaster on the bagel bar for those who prefer their bagels warmed.
Muffins and breads are filling cold brunch items that are best served fresh-baked. Sweet muffins and breakfast loaves, such as lemon poppy seed and blueberry, don't usually require any toppings. Savory items like French rolls and corn muffins are great with some preserves, honey butter or cream cheese.
Salads are refreshing dishes to include in brunch menus, particularly in the summer. It's great to incorporate sweet fruits with bacon, cheese, greens and veggies for a satisfying cold brunch dish. Brunch salads can range from a simple lettuce mix topped with almonds and dried cranberries to a more complicated Waldorf or spinach salad. Tuna, chicken and egg salads also pair well with brunch fare. It is best to serve these salads undressed if they will be sitting out for several hours to keep them from getting soggy. Additionally, mayonnaise-based salads should be kept in the refrigerator.
Chilled soups such as gazpacho and blended melon soups are light dishes that are great to serve on very hot days. They can be made one or even two days ahead of time, as their flavors tend to develop over time. These soups should generally be kept very cold, so it's best to store them in the refrigerator.
Cut-up melon and berries with dip is a cold brunch dish that even picky eaters will enjoy. The finger food allows diners to serve themselves and the dip, usually made from cream cheese, sour cream or yogurt, adds a sweet, creamy boost to the produce. Arrange the fruit on a platter around the bowl of dip for serving large crowds, or dish up single servings of the fruit with small cups of dip for a more intimate setting.


Magic, witches, and demons have drawn interest and fear throughout human history. In this comprehensive primary source reader, Martha Rampton traces the history of our fascination with magic and witchcraft from the first through to the seventeenth century. In over 80 readings presented chronologically, Rampton demonstrates how understandings of and reactions toward magic changed and developed over time, and how these ideas were influenced by various factors such as religion, science, and law. The wide-ranging texts emphasize social history and include early Merovingian law codes, the Picatrix, Lombard's Sentences, The Golden Legend, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. By presenting a full spectrum of source types including hagiography, law codes, literature, and handbooks, this collection provides readers with a broad view of how magic was understood through the medieval and early modern eras.
Rampton's introduction to the volume is a passionate appeal to students to use tolerance, imagination, and empathy when travelling back in time. The introductions to individual readings are deliberately minimal, providing just enough context so that students can hear medieval voices for themselves.
Magic, witches, and demons have drawn interest and fear throughout human history. In this comprehensive primary source reader, Martha Rampton traces the history of our fascination with magic and witchcraft from the first through to the seventeenth century.
"Anyone looking for significant attention paid to the medieval period, and especially the earlier medieval centuries, will find it here. And for the late medieval and early modern periods, its attention to different kinds of sources, especially its mix of literature and drama along with legal and demonological texts, is a welcome addition."
"This is a wonderful collection of sources on witchcraft and magic in the medieval and early modern periods. It is quite thorough, including excerpts from many key texts on witchcraft and witch-hunting and covering a very wide temporal range, and would be very useful as a teaching aide as well as for general research on these topics."
"A stupendous contribution to an already outstanding series of thematic primary source readers. Gripping selections from theological, legal, literary, artistic, and, of course, magical sources demonstrate the many ways people have conceived of and reacted to the occult and supernatural. This reader will be indispensable for all students of the history of premodern European magic and witchcraft."
"Anyone seeking an anthology of magic and witchcraft sources that spans the full temporal range from antiquity to the early modern period need look no further. The well-considered study questions that appear at the end of each reading make this collection perfect for the classroom."
Martha Rampton is Professor of History at Pacific University. She concentrates on the early medieval period with an emphasis on social history and the activities and roles of women. She is the founder and director of the Pacific University Center for Gender Equality.
50. Astronomy: Natural Magic or Necromancy?


There's still time to participate in the Marketo MCE Prep Study Group (sponsored by the SLC MUG) this week - but time is running out.
Here's your opportunity to gain the knowledge and confidence to take and pass the MCE test. The training and insights will be provided from several of our current and experienced members. The goal is to get everyone ready and prepped in time to take the test by the upcoming Marketo Summit in March. The study group will meet virtually and a couple of times in person over the next several weeks.
Even if you don't want to take the MCE test, join and participate to learn more - don't miss out!
We need everyone interested to sign up and take a short survey, so we can coordinate the logistics and have some idea on the mix of the group. Sign up by this Wednesday so we finalize details.


– 20-year-old sprint star Noah Lyles speaking after running 20.00 to win the 2017 Diamond League 200m title and $50,000 prize in Brussels yesterday.
Why do guys seem to find it surprising that many women are attracted to people who are passionate about something?
Joe 'Stringbean' McConaughy Sets Fastest Known Time On Appalachian Trail Running unsupported, McConaughy finished the 2190-mile route in 45 days, 12 hours, 15 minutes, breaking Karl Meltzer's record by about ten hours even though Meltzer was supported.
Athletics Illustrated Q&A With GB 800 Woman Lynsey Sharp Sharp is a very low mileage mid-d runner doing about 30-miles a week with a her longest run coming to about 45-minutes in the winter.
Positive Test On Bahamas World Champs Athlete Still Under Investigation The athlete still hasn't been identified as they are waiting for results of their "B" sample.
Recommended Read: Will Leer, Chanelle Price, Kyle Merber And Others Share Some Insides Stories On David Torrence Torrence loved board games, wanted to be the first person to run a sub-4 mile barefoot on grass, did plyos and pushups at the track at 11PM after winning the Long Island Mile and was quite obviously an amazing person and friend.
Recommended Read: The Guardian Profile On GB's Colin Jackson – Phenomenal Athlete Who Came Out As Gay At 50 Jackson set a 110H WR at 12.91 that stood for more than a decade and still holds the 60H WR.
MileSplit: Flooded With Disaster, Kingswood High School Runs Toward Recovery The XC team was hopeful for starting a good season, but the flooding has the school, track and local running routes under a few feet of water.
Galen Rupp Leads Field For USATF 20K Champs In New Haven On Monday Rupp will face Leonard Korir, Sam Chelanga and Christo Landry. Aliphine Tuliamuk leads the women's race against Jordan Hasay and Emily Sisson.
Live Stream: Watch The Ultra Trail Mont-Blanc Race Live On LetsRun Through Sunday The 103-mile race takes place in the Alps with a route that goes through France, Italy and Switzerland.
*MB: UTMB – Go Sage! Who you got?
Next Week: HOKA ONE ONE Long Island Men's Mile Preview Nick Willis, Kyle Merber, Craig Engels, Johnny Gregorek, Chris O'Hare and more.


Britton Jobe, a partner at Neale & Newman, LLP, was named The Network's 2017 Young Professional of the Year at the organization's Holiday Soirée on Dec. 13 at Hickory Hills Country Club.
It's gratifying when our industry peers recognize our talent attraction efforts – as the International Economic Development Council did when they presented Chamber economic development staff with a Silver Excellence in Economic Development Award.
The second crop of students participating in the GO CAPS program are preparing to show off the results of a year of hard work.
Mary Kellogg was at the Chamber March 21 to speak to members of The Network about her experience helping to grow the Titanic museum in Branson from an idea into a $20 million business.
News of the GO CAPS program's success has spread quickly, prompting State Sen. Jay Wasson to reach out to Springfield Public Schools Superintendent Dr. John Jungmann to learn more about the program.


The new audiovisual centre at Montserrat is a completely renovated space which reflects the monastery's will to respond and offer substance to the thousands of visitors and pilgrims who are interested in learning about Montserrat and its significance. The exhibition is based on three fundamental pillars: mountain, monastery and sanctuary.
Some of its content focuses on aspects as relevant as the presence of the Holy Image from the end of the 12th century, or the singularity of a monastery with more than a thousand years of history, while placing emphasis and relevance on the spiritual, social and cultural life of the country, as evidenced by the publishing house Publications de l'Abadia de Montserrat, the Museum, the Escolania (boys choir) and more recently, Montserrat Television.
Montserrat is presented in all its complexity and splendour through an exhibition itinerary which uses different and innovative museographic resources as well as the latest generation of audiovisual elements, helping the visitor achieve a deeper and more intense understanding of the mountain, the history, the monastery and the meaning of monastery life.
The itinerary ends on an emotional note, in which the Escolania plays a key role.
Material used:- AV Stumpfl Wings Platinum 4, ISEO 2 and Full White Screens.


There will no gigs for a while as we're going our separate ways for summer travel that will take band members to Scotland, California, Tonga, New Zealand, Austria, Japan, Denmark, and Alaska.
We've done some recording recently, so some of us will be making occasional trips to Bias Studios for some mixing and overdubs, And I promise to update this website regularly with lots of new photos and videos, plus live, studio, and home recordings. So keep checking back over the summer. And we'll have more shows scheduled in the fall. I promise.


Ph.D. (Ohio State Univ. 2003), ACVM Bacteriology & Mycology '08. Food safety, bacterial pathogenesis, genomics. Active Diplomate. Academia.
MS (OSU '71), PhD (OSU '76)., ACVM Honorary '90. Enteric viral infections of swine and cattle; mucosal immunity in swine and cattle. Educational Research. Academia.
DVM (CAI '58), MSc (OSU '65), PhD (OSU '67)., ACVM '73. Infectious diseases and the immune response of poultry. Active Diplomate. Educational Research. Academia.
DVM (BEL '84), PhD (COR '93)., ACVM Virology '94. Diagnostic virology and serology, etiology and diagnosis of virus diseases of domestic and aquatic mammals. Active Diplomate. Educational Research. Academia.
BVSc & AH (ORI '76), MVSc (IVRI, India '79), MS (TEX '81), PhD (TEX '85)., ACVM Virology '88. Molecular virology, dsRNA viruses, negative sense RNA viruses, Vaccine development. Active Diplomate. Educational Research. Academia.
DVM/VMD (University of Naples "Federico II" Italy '01)Ph.D. (University of Naples "Federico II" Italy '06)M.S. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign '10)Ph.D. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign '13)	ACVM Bacteriology & Mycology '17ACVM Immunology '17. Role of skin barrier defect and microbes/host interaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, alternative treatments for atopic dermatitis, immunology, pathogenesis and treatment of canine leishmaniosis. Active Diplomate. Academia.
DVM (Texas A&M, 2000), MS (OSU, 2007), PhD (Cornell, 2013), ACVM Parasitology '14. Veterinary parasitology Active Diplomate. Academia.
BS (COR '71), DVM (COR '74), MS (COR '75), PhD (GA '82)., ACVM '85. Reproductive pathology, fetal-placental infectious diseases, foreign animal diseases. Emeritus. Retired. Educational Research. Academia.
DVM (ISU '76), MS (ISU '90)., ACVM Virology '93ACVM Bacteriology & Mycology '90ACVM Immunology '94. Pathogenic bacteriology; One Health; Veterinary History Active Diplomate. Government.
DVM equivalent (University of Giessen, Germany (Justus-Liebig-University Giessen) and University of Munich, Germany (Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich) '09)	ACVM Bacteriology & Mycology '16. Active Diplomate. Educational Research.


text:
Q: How do you see what an http request contains I'm using a django framework for my assignment. I need to view what an http request object contains. print(request) is obviously not working. If I can see the object like in a json structure it would've been a huge help to understand what it would look like and what are the values it contains.

A: The best way to see what request contains (and more to that - any other object in python) is to use simple:

print(request.__dict__)

A: Depending on what type of request is GET or POST. You can find  print(request.GET) or in print(request.POST) which is of <type 'dict'> and you can access data simply by request.GET.get("somedata") will return None if not found
Note: If you want to see attributes of request object you can do print(dir(request)) and you can do that on any object.
For more quick help you can do help(request) in python shell.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Most of us would agree that we are "the creature that reasons." That's one of the ways we distinguish our species from the other animals. An added corollary to that description which most of us would like to believe is that "we are the creature that knows right from wrong." Taking the long view of human history might cause a rational person a bit of unease in defending either one of these human traits. Are we indeed rational animals with a conscience?
Everyone knew that it was wrong to throw the Christians to the lions in the Roman Coliseum.
Everyone knew that it was wrong to execute the witches in Salem.
Everyone knew it was wrong to forcibly enslave Africans.
Everyone knew it was wrong to steal the land of Native American indigenous peoples.
Everyone knew it was wrong to incinerate European Jews.
Everyone knew it was wrong to shoot unarmed American black teenagers.
Everyone knew it was wrong to provide the citizens of Flint Michigan with poisonous water.
Everyone knew it was wrong to burn fossil fuels and to make our planet uninhabitable.
Everyone knows that the above statements are true but are incompatible with the tenet that we are the creature that reasons and incompatible with our being the animal that inherently knows what moral behavior is. What do we do with these contradictions? The following story is a concrete example of how we are simultaneously the creature that reasons acting irrationally and the naturally compassionate human being that has perpetrated intentional and egregious acts of cruelty throughout our history.
For example, when did we first have credible evidence that our planet would eventually become uninhabitable without a "rational" change in our collective behavior? Jule Charney, the father of modern meteorology, met with fellow scientists starting on July 23, 1979 in Woods Hole on Cape Cod. The report that was produced by this meeting would come to be regarded within the highest levels of the federal government, the scientific community and even within the oil and gas industry to have the authority of settled fact. "It was the summation of all the predictions that had come before, and it would withstand the scrutiny of the decades that followed it. Charney's group had considered everything known about ocean, sun, sea, air and fossil fuels and had distilled it to a single number: three." (1) The last time the planet was three degrees warmer beech trees grew in Antarctica, the seas were 80 feet higher and horses galloped across the Canadian coast of the Arctic Ocean.
In Paradigm B (see Current Events #2 and #8) American politicians are expressing their false-self identities which overpowers the false-self identities of the scientists. The insights and compassion of the True self are nowhere to be seen. "When it comes to our own nation, which has failed to make any binding commitments whatsoever, the dominant narrative for the last quarter century has concerned the efforts of the fossil-fuel industries to suppress science, confuse public knowledge and bribe politicians." (1)
Why the irrational behavior in the human community? Are the people of the Global Village choosing to be manipulated by false-self driven demagogues? Is there really a difference between an unconscious population in a democracy and the "mobs" of voters in phony elections in an autocracy?
"Our popular understanding of a 'mob' is more than a century old, tracing back to an 1895 book called 'The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind,' by the French polymath Gustave Le Bon. Just as critics of 'Twitter mobs' worry about people's behavior when they move from real life to the internet, Le Bon was skeptical about the shift from an agrarian society to city living. The urban crowd, he wrote, is marked by 'impulsiveness, irritability, incapacity to reason' and 'the exaggeration of the sentiments.' A man on his own 'may be a cultivated individual,' but 'in a crowd, he is a barbarian.' Over the next several decades, Le Bon's work attracted many influential fans: Lenin, Mussolini and Hitler spied in it a kind of cheat sheet for fascism, while Freud opined that once in a group, a person 'is led almost exclusively by the unconscious.'" (2)
We can't make rational decisions when we are a frightened "mob" acting unconsciously. Nor can we expect reasonable and compassionate decisions when our identity is one which believes the pursuit of material plenty, ephemeral pleasures and delusional power will support our survival.
Another common behavior of our false-self identity is the refusal to admit what is happening and that is sadly evident when we look at how long we have known about the dangers of global warming. "Everybody knew. In 1958, on prime-time television, 'The Bell Science Hour'—one of the most popular educational film series in American history—aired 'The Unchained Goddess,' a film about meteorological wonders, produced by Frank Capra, a dozen years removed from 'It's a Wonderful Life,' warning that 'man may be unwittingly changing the world's climate' through the release of carbon dioxide. 'A few degrees' rise in the Earth's temperature would melt the polar ice caps,' says the film's kindly host, the bespectacled Dr. Research. 'An inland sea would fill a good portion of the Mississippi Valley. Tourists in glass-bottomed boats would be viewing the drowned towers of Miami through 150 feet of tropical water.' Capra's film was shown in science classes for decades." (1)
EVERYBODY KNOWS!
Insight # 44: " It make no sense to talk about life or the evolution of consciousness unless one is talking about planetary dynamics and the unfolding of the entire story of our Earth." (3)
Consciousness II
Rich, Nathaniel. "Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change. A Tragedy in Two Acts." the New York Times Magazine, August 5, 2018, pages 20, 64, 66.
Hess, Amanda. "Mass Destruction." The New York Times Magazine, August 12, 2018, page 10.
Thompson, William Irwin. Coming Into Being. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1996, page 168.