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Lawrence Joseph Doyle
Born: 7 / 31 / 1886 at Caseyville, IL (USA)
Died: 3 / 1 / 1974 at Saranac Lake, NY (USA)
This article was written by R. J. Lesch
A left-handed hitter with power and speed who batted .290 over the course of 14 seasons in the National League, "Laughing Larry" Doyle carried an unusually potent bat for a Deadball Era second baseman, but he's even more well-known today for his kindly nature and sunny disposition. "It's great to be young and a New York Giant," he famously remarked to Damon Runyon in 1911, when he helped his team to its first of three consecutive NL pennants. Popular with his teammates as well as manager John McGraw, Doyle was the Giants field captain for more than five years, filling in for McGraw when he was ejected or serving a suspension. "Doyle is easily the best ball player on the Giants, a hustling, aggressive, McGraw style of player, full of nerve, grit and true courage," wrote Hugh Fullerton in 1912. "I think he is gamer than his manager, and in some respects a better baseball general."
The son of a coal miner, Lawrence Joseph Doyle was born on July 31, 1886, in Caseyville, Illinois. For five years Larry worked as a coal digger in the mines near Breese, Illinois, 39 miles east of St. Louis. "When you first go down into the earth there comes a sudden realization of what might happen to you," he wrote in 1908. "Nowadays the mines can be lighted by electricity, and it's comparatively simple to go through a mine. But when you get caught without a light in some deep labyrinth in the bowels of the earth, it's no picnic." Larry played semipro baseball on weekends, earning anywhere from nothing to $2 per game, depending on the size of the audience. In 1906 he quit mining to play professionally for Mattoon, Illinois, of the Kentucky-Illinois-Tennessee (Kitty) League. Larry undoubtedly gained a new appreciation for the relative safety of his new occupation when six miners of the Breese & Trenton Coal Company lost their lives on December 22 of that year in what came to be known in later years as the 1906 Breese Mining Disaster.
After a year in the Kitty League, Doyle spent the first half of the 1907 season playing third base for Springfield of the Three-I League, batting .290 in 66 games. The club president was Dick Kinsella, the portly proprietor of a Springfield paint shop and an important man in local Democratic politics. Kinsella parlayed Doyle's talents into a lively bidding war, with the Detroit Tigers and Washington Senators each offering $4,000, but McGraw raised the bid to $4,500 after receiving a favorable report from his old teammate Dan Brouthers, whom he had dispatched to the Illinois capital to look over the 20-year-old Doyle. At the time $4,500 was the highest price ever paid for a minor leaguer, but the Giants shattered the record a year later by paying $11,000 for Rube Marquard, with Kinsella again brokering the transaction. "Sinister Dick," as he was called because of his dark complexion, went on to a long and successful career as a scout for the Giants, discovering Ross Youngs, Frankie Frisch, Carl Hubbell, George Kelly, and Hack Wilson, among other stars.
Doyle arrived in New York on July 21, 1907. "The train from Springfield dumped me off in Jersey City because Grand Central wasn't even built then," he recalled. "When I got off the ferry, I walked over to a cop. 'How do I get to the Polo Grounds?' I asked. 'See that El over there? Take it to the last stop,' he said. I got off at the last stop and looked around. I didn't see any Polo Grounds. All I saw was the ocean. I was at South Ferry, the wrong end of the line."
Larry started his first major-league game the next day against the Chicago Cubs, playing second base for the first time ever in his professional career. In the seventh inning, with Frank Chance on third base, the nervous rookie fielded Artie Hofman's slow roller and hesitated, unsure whether to throw to first or home. Chance scored, putting the Cubs up 2-0, which was the eventual final score. Doyle wasn't charged with an error, and the run was simply an insurance run, but later generations of sportswriters exaggerated the game into an almost mythical example of first-game jitters, with Larry booting the ball all over the field and costing a victory for the Giants. Though he wasn't nearly that bad, Larry still was disappointed in his performance. McGraw simply patted him on the back and said, "Forget it. When you learn more about second, you won't make mistakes like that."
Replacing the 38-year-old Tommy Corcoran in the everyday lineup for the rest of the season, Doyle batted .260 with only three extra-base hits in 227 at-bats. He committed 26 errors in 69 games for a .917 fielding percentage, an extraordinarily poor record for a second baseman. With the hefty price the Giants had paid for his contract, New York fans and writers felt cheated. "This is the summer of 'Larry' Doyle's prosperity or discontent," wrote the New York Evening Telegram at the start of spring training in 1908. "Doyle was so streaky last year that it was almost out of the question to get any fixed line on his ability. One day he would be a dead wall which nothing could pass, and the next he wobbled on every hit that came to him, like a boxcar on a coal railroad. Some days he could hit the ball on both sides of the seams, and on other days he missed all sides. Some baseball men are confident that it is merely a question of time when Doyle will establish himself as a sterling, dependable player. If they have failed to read the signs right they are willing to be sentenced to eat five-dozen hard-boiled eggs and 18 caviar sandwiches as punishment."
Nobody ended up eating any caviar sandwiches, though Doyle did struggle at the start of 1908; after his fielding error and base-running blunder cost the Giants a 1-0 loss to the Cardinals on May 20, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote, "Mr. Doyle has been analyzed, assayed, dissected and microscopically scrutinized to the end that the peach part of him is entirely absent. In fact, even to the naked eye Mr. Doyle's appearance at League Park yesterday was positively citric. He contributed a bunch of fat-headed work that would drive a real manager like McGraw to the woods to think it over." But as the season went on, developing into one of the most exciting in history, Larry suddenly became the team's hottest hitter, raising his batting average above .300.
"I hung on to Doyle when the New York fans and critics were calling for his scalp," McGraw bragged to some friends in early September, "and today I would not trade him for any man playing baseball. Think of it, in the last series at Pittsburgh and Chicago Doyle got in no less than 18 safe hits. Every time he went to bat he hit the ball clean and hard. There is nothing like having confidence in one's own judgment." On September 8, however, Doyle was badly spiked by John Hummel of the Brooklyn Superbas. He was on crutches for nearly the rest of the season, returning only to pinch-hit for Christy Mathewson in the final game of the season against the Cubs. Larry lofted a foul to catcher Johnny Kling, who made the catch despite having two beer bottles, a drinking glass, and a derby hat thrown at him.
Over the next four years Larry Doyle averaged 36 stolen bases per season and established himself as one of the National League's greatest stars. In 1909 he led the NL with 172 hits and finished second in home runs (6), third in slugging percentage (.419), and fourth in batting average (.302). The next year Doyle batted .285 and ranked third in home runs (8) and fourth in runs scored (97). After showing up on time for spring training for the first time in three years, ten pounds lighter and in the best shape of his life, the 24-year-old captain of the Giants elevated his performance to an even higher level in 1911. Doyle batted .310 and was selected as the second baseman on Baseball Magazine's NL All-America team, leading the league in triples (25) and finishing second in slugging percentage (.527), fourth in home runs (13), and fifth in runs (102), and seventh in on-base percentage (.397). In Game Five of that year's World Series, Larry tagged up and scored the winning run on a fly ball in the bottom of the 10th inning, but umpire Bill Klem later stated that he never touched the plate and would've been called out had the Philadelphia Athletics tagged him before leaving the field.
At the height of his stardom Doyle earned an annual salary of $8,000, only $3,000 less than his road roommate Mathewson. He invested in Florida real estate, and he and Matty studied the stock market intensely. In 1912 Doyle again reached double figures in home runs and posted career highs in batting average (.330) and RBIs (90), winning the Chalmers Award as the NL's most valuable player. The prize, of course, was a Chalmers automobile. "I didn't even know how to put gasoline into it," Larry recalled. The following season he might have wished he'd remained ignorant; a week before the end of the season he lost control of the car and crashed it into a tree, bruising his arm and shoulder. Doyle missed the end of the regular season but recovered sufficiently to play in the World Series, though he managed only three hits and committed three errors in the five games (the Giants losing for the third straight year). Defense undoubtedly was the former third baseman's biggest weakness. Doyle shaded closer to second base than other second basemen, preventing him from covering as much ground on the first-base side, and he also reportedly had trouble coming in to field slow grounders.
In the fall of 1913 Larry married Gertrude Elizabeth McCombs of Miami. After turning down a two-year contract from the Federal League that would have paid him $27,000, Doyle returned to the Giants in 1914 and batted a meager .260, adding further evidence to McGraw's theory that a player always needed a year or so to adjust to marriage. The next year, however, he rebounded to win the NL batting title with a .320 average, making Baseball Magazine's All-America team for the second time. In 1916 Doyle slumped once again. This time the Giants traded him to the Cubs on August 28 in a five-player deal that was essentially Doyle for Heinie Zimmerman. Reunited with his old friend Fred Merkle on the right side of the Chicago infield, the veteran second baseman batted a career-low .254 in 1917. On January 4, 1918, the Cubs packaged him to the Boston Braves in a deal for pitcher Lefty Tyler, but four days later the Giants reacquired him, announcing that he would assume pinch-hitting and utility duties. He missed much of the 1918 season with illness but regained his starting position the next year, appearing in 100 games at second base and batting .289 with seven home runs. The 33-year-old Doyle remained a regular in 1920, closing out his major-league career by batting .285 in 137 games.
Over the next two decades Larry Doyle worked for the Giants in various posts, including managing their minor-league affiliates in Toronto and Nashville. The Doyles raised a son, Larry Jr., and two daughters, Doris and Edith, before Gertrude passed away in 1937. A smoker and former coal miner, Larry was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1942. Word of his illness reached Blanche McGraw and Jane Mathewson, and the widows of his former manager and former roommate teamed with NL president Ford Frick to have him moved to the Trudeau Sanitarium in Saranac Lake, New York, where Matty had convalesced almost 20 years earlier. Larry and Mrs. Mathewson remained close over the years, the old ballplayer referring to her as "my manager." Doyle not only survived tuberculosis, he outlived the sanitarium itself; it closed its doors in 1954, but Doyle remained in Saranac Lake until his death at age 87 on March 1, 1974.
Note: A slightly different version of this biography appeared in Tom Simon, ed., Deadball Stars of the National League (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, Inc., 2004).
For this biography, the author used a number of contemporary sources, especially those found in the subject's file at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library.


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Q: How to pass an array to soap web service in java using axis2? I have a web service that is developed with soap using axis2 implementaion but my server side needs array as method argument. How to expose an array in soap request?
public boolean addOperation(String params[]){
    ...
}

A: You would need to make changes to the Web service WSDL first and then regenerate the Skeleton from the WSDL, like wise the WebService client will have to regenerate Client Stub with new WSDL and use it on the client side.
Example of changes to WSDL:
<complexType name='ArrayOfString'>
    <sequence>
        <element name='item' type='xsd:string' maxOccurs='unbounded'/>
    </sequence>
</complexType>

This is a similar question Describing a string array in a wsdl file

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Two years ago, to the day, my dad passed away. It still hurts, and I miss him (and my mom) every day, but we are so lucky to have been blessed with the responsibility of taking care of his dog, Murphy. To say my family loves Murphy would be a pretty big understatement. Obsessed is more like it. She brings us such joy and happiness. I cannot even imagine our life without this 100 LB (only girl whom I would ever reveal her weight…or age) giant schnauzer. Murphy will be 11 this month. We don't know the exact day, as she was a rescue dog, and DOB just indicated, October 2003. So, today we shall celebrate Murphy's 11th birthday!
It's only fitting that I share an article I found on Huffington Post that tells us what dogs can teach us. Of course, I could say it in 2 words: A lot. But I tend to be wordy, so here it is.
So, we can learn a lot from our dogs. Their companionship, loyalty and unconditional love is unmatched by any human standards.
Here are some favorite pics of Murph.
She never met a lounge chair she didn't like.
Just relaxing on a family room chair.
Murph greeting me when I came home after a quick trip.
Happy girl. She will do this several times on every walk. She throws herself to the ground, and rolls around. Sometimes she even barks while doing this, which we believe is quite the talent.
Just a little afternoon nap.
Don't worry Pop…we are taking great care of Murphy, and love her as much as you did.
Song of the Day: Escape by Enrique Iglesias, because Murph can be a flight risk…but not to run away, but to see what else is "out there".
Happy, Happy Birthday Murph! We love you, puppy!!
This makes me laugh, every time I see it. 🙂 Steph…this one's for you!
Mer Mer…this one's for you!
Love that Murphy dog! Need to do another walk with the Murph!
Great blog! Great pics of Murph, the Birthday Girl! And, all the other pooches, too! We learn the best things from our pets, don't we . . . thanks!


Download a PDF flyer for this event to post and distribute, and explore materials about journalism and journalists in the Newberry's Modern Manuscripts collection.
Free and open to the public; registration required. Register using this online form by 3 pm April 11.


Abstract: The paper provides the possibility of using shaped grinding wheels for speed and powerful cutting. It evaluates the benefits of the high-power grinding taken in cutting the amount of material and quality of grinded surfaces. Examples of using this technology in practice are also shown.
LUKOVICS, Imrich a Ondřej BÍLEK. High-power grinding Process. Strojírenská technologie. 2010, vol. 14, iss. zvláštní, s. 155-158. ISSN 1211-4162.


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Harry Brüll (12 April 1935 – 9 January 2021) was a Dutch footballer. He played in two matches for the Netherlands national football team in 1959.

References

External links

1935 births
2021 deaths
Dutch footballers
Netherlands international footballers
People from Sittard
Association football defenders
MVV Maastricht players
Fortuna Sittard players

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Alexandra Vecic (* 7. Januar 2002 in Singen) ist eine deutsche Tennisspielerin.

Karriere
Vecic spielt bislang vor allem auf der ITF Juniors Tour und der ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.

Bei den Nationalen Deutschen Hallen-Tennismeisterschaften 2017 erreichte sie als Qualifikantin das Hauptfeld im Dameneinzel, wo sie in der ersten Runde gegen Lara Schmidt mit 3:6 und 3:6 verlor.

Bei den Internationalen Württembergischen Damen-Tennis-Meisterschaften um den Stuttgarter Stadtpokal 2018 erhielt sie eine Wildcard einen Startplatz im Hauptfeld des Dameneinzels und erreichte mit einem Sieg über die an Position vier gesetzte Ekaterine Gorgodse das Achtelfinale, wo sie gegen Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers knapp in drei Sätzen verlor. Bei den Braunschweig Women's Open 2018 erhielt sie ebenfalls eine Wildcard und erreichte mit einem Sieg über Caroline Werner das Achtelfinale und verlor anschließend gegen Gréta Arn.

Bei den French Open 2019 startete sie im Juniorinneneinzel, scheiterte aber bereits in der ersten Runde. Ebenso im Juniorinneneinzel von Wimbledon 2019 und bei den US Open 2019. Bei den Nationalen Deutschen Hallen-Tennismeisterschaften 2019 erreichte sie das Viertelfinale. Außerdem gewann sie 2019 den Titel im Einzel bei den J1 Villena.

2020 erreichte sie das Halbfinale im Juniorinneneinzel der Australian Open. Bei den French Open 2020 erreichte sie das Viertelfinale im Juniorinneneinzel. Bei den Nationalen Deutschen Hallen-Tennismeisterschaften 2020 erreichte sie das Halbfinale.

Weblinks

 DTB Porsche Junior Team: Im Portrait: Alexandra Vecic

Einzelnachweise

Tennisspieler (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Geboren 2002
Frau


Hello! We will now share some information related to rent a car that will be useful. We will start in the first instance with the terms and conditions of car rental site. Every time when you want to rent a car, you need to read the terms and conditions of the site where it is to rent the car. If that site does not have this regulation then you have to ask this document rent a car company. Here can be passed and other expenses which do not occur in a normal booking. When you rent a vehicle appliances and other costs, such as unlimited mileage tax, tax prewash fee for winter tires was The terms of site rent a car you have to have all the costs arising from a car reservation, but certain regulations that protect both the rental company and customer. We will further elucidate a new mystery, namely the difference between auto and insurance guarantee daily. They are two interchangeable elements. When calling the variant of auto warranty, you have to think of a deposit that is obstructing car rental company in the bank. The amount is blocked as a guarantee in case there is damage to the car. The guarantee may retain only one part or the entire amount can be retained, and this depends on the value daunii products. If we talk about daily insurance amount payable by the customer on day rental is not returned at the return of the car. It is an amount the customer pays rent company guarantee before replacing. That said we expect to see more topics in the field on our blogs and our social channels. Thank you!
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Notaries, NNF Launch National Fundraising Campaign for 2018 Hurricane Relief
By NNA Staff on October 12, 2018 in NNA News
Notaries and the National Notary Foundation are once again are rallying to help millions of people across five states that have been impacted by hurricanes this year. Just this week Hurricane Michael unleashed its fury across Florida, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas, causing 11 deaths and leaving nearly a million homes and businesses without power. Hurricane Florence caused similar damage across the Carolinas in September.
With search and rescue efforts still underway, rescue and relief organizations have mobilized to the impacted regions to save lives and give comfort — and they need our help. The funds we raise today will allow these organizations and charities to put the resources where they're needed most.
And with nearly a million Notaries in these regions, chances are you have colleagues who are personally affected by this crisis.
Donate Through The National Notary Foundation And We'll Match It
We're asking Notaries and their families, friends and colleagues to donate any amount through the National Notary Foundation and we'll match your donations it up to $25,000. Together, we can raise $50,000.
To donate, call us at 1-800-876-6827, Monday through Friday, from 6 a.m. - 5p.m. (Pacific Time) and tell our representatives you wish to donate to the NNF 2018 Hurricane Relief Fund. You can also send a check (payable to NNF Supports) to National Notary Foundation, Attn: Hurricane Relief, P.O. Box 4567, Chatsworth, CA 91313.
100 percent of the proceeds raised will be donated to The Salvation Army to fund their hurricane victim relief efforts.

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Agriculture, Earth Sciences, General Earth Institute
Why Soil Matters
by Renee Cho |April 12, 2012
Photo credit: visionshare
Soil is the source of all life. Yet "we know more about soils of Mars than about soils of Africa," says Pedro Sanchez, director of the Earth Institute's Tropical Agriculture and the Rural Environment Program. To remedy this situation, the Earth Institute is taking part in an ambitious undertaking to map the world's soils.
Soil provides nutrients that sustain plants for food and energy, and anchors their roots. By absorbing, releasing and purifying most of the water on earth, it supplies us with drinking water, regulates excess rainfall and prevents floods.
Much of the planet's biodiversity resides in the soil: it's estimated that an acre of soil may contain 900 pounds of earthworms, 2400 pounds of fungi, 1500 pounds of bacteria, 133 pounds of protozoa, 890 pounds of arthropods and algae, and even sometimes small mammals. One gram of soil may hold one billion bacteria, of which only 5 percent have been discovered.
Soil acts as a buffer against pollutants such as heavy metals and excess nutrients. Moreover, soil is critical in helping slow climate change—as the largest carbon sink on land, it stores over three times more carbon than forests and other vegetation.
It can take 500 to 1,000 years for one inch of topsoil (the upper layer of soil containing the most organic matter and microorganisms) to form through the interaction of bedrock, climate, topography, and living organisms. Soil erosion has always occurred naturally, but sometime during the 19th century, the rate of topsoil loss from erosion due to agriculture surpassed the rate of soil formation, according to Lester Brown, president of the Earth Policy Institute.
Today "soil is a threatened natural resource," warns the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC – World Soil Information).
Graphic: Philippe Rekacewicz, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
Seventeen percent of the world's soil has been "strongly degraded" and areas of degradation are growing. Unsustainable agricultural practices are the chief causes of land degradation: land clearing and deforestation to plant crops remove vegetation and change the composition of soils; over-tillage destroys the top layers of soil and hastens erosion; irrigation and soil drainage cause soil salinization after crops take up water and leave salt behind; excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers and acid rainfall acidify soils; pesticides and chemical fertilizers change the consistency of soil and destroy organisms that aerate the soil; and heavy farming equipment compacts soils.
In addition, overgrazing strips soil of vegetation, making it vulnerable to erosion from wind and water, and causes desertification and dust storms.
Dust storm in Australia. Photo: Ian Armstrong
Huge dust bowls are now forming in northern and western China, western Mongolia, central Asia and in central Africa. In 2010, the United Nations reported that desertification affects 25 percent of earth's land area and jeopardizes the livelihoods of over one billion people in 100 countries.
To feed the global population, now 7 billion and expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, we will need 70 percent more food than we are currently producing (100 percent in some developing countries). Yet, a third of the world's cropland is losing topsoil at an alarming rate, resulting in lower crop yields. For example, for each inch of topsoil that is lost in the U.S., wheat and corn yields decrease almost 6 percent. As temperatures rise due to climate change, desertification in dry areas will intensify, extreme weather events will multiply and "… agriculture will increasingly be out of sync with the climate system that shaped it," according to Lester Brown. Each 1-degree Celsius rise in temperature above the optimum during the growing season, will likely result in a 10-percent decline in grain yields.
In 1994,193 countries signed the U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification, acknowledging that soil and water conservation practices are necessary to increase biodiversity, help mitigate climate change and improve food security. The sustainable land management practices needed to conserve soil and boost production have long been recognized: planting grass, leguminous crops (to add nitrogen) and trees for vegetative cover; strip cropping; no till and minimal till techniques; efficient irrigation strategies and the addition of organic matter and fertilizer. But knowing what to do when and where requires a thorough understanding of an area's specific soil properties and of how different soils respond to different agricultural techniques—so access to methodologies, standardized tools, models and accurate and detailed up-to-date maps is key.
Existing maps of the world's soils, based on pre-computer age technology, are limited by low resolution and outdated information, or cover only a third of the planet's ice-free surface. For example, the FAO world soil map, created between the 1970s and the 1990s, has a scale of 1:5 million (1 inch on the map equals 5 million inches on the ground).
Today high-resolution digital soil maps are being produced with new technologies. Digital soil maps are not actually maps in the traditional sense, but rather databases of soil properties compiled from the monitoring of soil and landscape characteristics through the use of technologies including satellite imagery, infrared spectroscopy (a way of analyzing the properties of soils by measuring their absorption of infrared radiation), methods of statistical modeling, field sampling of soils to predict the properties of soil in unsampled areas, enhanced pixel display, and the inclusion of historic information.
AfSIS coverage. Graphic: AfSIS
Under the auspices of the Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS) and the GlobalSoilMap.net Consortium, the initial segment of the global soil mapping effort was launched in 2009 in sub-Saharan Africa, where 265 million people do not have enough food. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture is leading the project, with major subgrants to the Earth Institute and the World Agroforestry Centre in collaboration with the International Soil Reference and Information Centre and numerous partners on the ground in more than 20 African countries. The project is funded by an $18 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa.
The result will be a digital soil map 5 million times more detailed than the FAO soil map, of an area encompassing 42 countries and 90 percent of Africa's population. The map will also incorporate data on land use, farming systems, crop yields, extent of poverty, roads, etc. The Earth Institute's Center for International Earth Science Information Network is helping create information systems to collect, analyze, and distribute the data to a wide range of users.
The information will provide a baseline of soil conditions in sub-Saharan Africa, and aid in the development of evidence-based options for sustainable soil management. Models will be able to predict the efficacy of different soil management strategies under different soil, climatic and socio-economic conditions.
Pedro Sanchez, project director for AfSIS, says, "We are on track to release the digital soil maps of Africa in the next few months…and a renewal of the Gates Foundation grant looks very promising." A second phase of the project, which would be renamed AfricaSoils and begin in November, would focus on Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and Tanzania, and concentrate on the data aspects of the project, as well as the development of and training; while on-the-ground field sampling efforts are being conducted by government agencies, like the Agricultural Transformation Agency in Ethiopia. In addition, a new tool called lab-in-the-box will soon enable soil samples to be analyzed in the field with data sent via smartphone apps as well as text messaging, avoiding the time-consuming process of sending samples to a lab for results.
GlobalSoilMap.net Consortium partners are also developing digital soil maps in: East Asia, EurAsia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, Oceania, and Central-West Africa/North Africa. The wealthier regions have already begun work, while Latin America, the Mid-East and East Asia are looking for funding.
A Ugandan farmer. Photo: Neil Palmer CIAT
The digital soil maps will be made available online for free, and have many uses in different regions. For example, they will enable governments to anticipate and plan for the fertilizer needs of their farmers, determine the scope of their countries' erosion and estimate costs to combat it, and help scientists predict the effects of climate change.
Farmers will be able to use the information to figure out the right strategies for their own soils, such as how best to manage fertilizer application rates, inputs of organic matter, irrigation, use of legume planting and tillage techniques.
Says Sanchez, "The digital soil maps will make a huge difference in what you can recommend for use with different kinds of soil, and for helping with climate change, water resources and biodiversity. And most importantly, it will help determine where you put your investments to get people out of hunger in Africa."
AfricaClimate and AgricultureerosionSoil Fertilitysoil mappingsoils
Otters the Size of Lions Once Roamed the Earth 17 Million-Year-Old Teeth Open Windows Into Early Ape and Human Evolution
Joan Angus
I would like to use one of your pictures in the Winter edition of the GreenSpirit magazine, to illustrate an article about Compost. How can I get permission?
GreenSpirit is a national movement of like-minded people. The magazine is crculated to members who have paid a membership fee.
Sarah Fecht
Reply to Joan Angus
These photos were taken from the creative commons. You'll have to go to the original creators (cited in the captions) in order to see what permissions they allow.
Shaylee Packer
I didn't realize that soil provides the nutrients that sustain plants for food and energy. That does make sense though. We are looking to have a garden next year, but the soil in our yard has a high gravel concentration. How much top soil would we need to bring in to sustain a garden?


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Sunday, June 1st, 2003
Jo Baer: The Minimalist Years, 1960-1975
by Reuben M Baron
Jo Baer: The Minimalist Years, 1960-1975,
DIA, Chelsea
through June 15, 2003
Richard Serra's initial reaction upon seeing Jo Baer's orchid-inspired "Wraparound" paintings, Baer has recalled, was to ask, "How does it feel to do revolutionary work?" [quoted in Stein, see below]. Moreover, the first important art-world article on Baer's work — a cover article by Carter Ratcliff in Art Forum (May, 1972) — focused on her wraparound paintings, two vertical and three horizontal, from her Orchid series. So why did the predominant critical reaction to her recent DIA exhibition strongly favor Baer's earlier black band paintings over the wraparounds? Roberta Smith, in the New York Times, and Carol Diehl, in Art in America, both strongly praised the black band paintings while disparaging the wraparound paintings. (A notable exception was Jim Long's review in the Brooklyn Rail, (Winter 2002) which strongly preferred the wraparound paintings exhibited in the third room at DIA.)
Jo Baer H. Arcuata 1971 oil on canvas, 22 x 96 x 4 inches photo: Adam Reich, Courtesy Paula Cooper Gallery, New York
Jo Baer Untitled (Vertical Flanking Diptych – Green) 1966-74 oil on canvas, two panels, 96″ x 68″ x 3 3/8 each photo: Tom Powel, Courtesy Paula Cooper Gallery, New York
To fully appreciate these disparate claims, one needs to consider a range of historical, psychological, and conceptual issues. First, from a psychological point of view, there is likely to be a primacy effect-the black band paintings came first and were well received. The likelihood of a primacy effect is heightened by the fact that the wraparound Orchid paintings were so different from the black bands that Diehl describes them as looking as if they were done by a different artist. There are also art historical reasons why a favorable reaction to the band paintings might have occurred. The black band paintings appear to be a direct reaction to the claims of the prophets of Minimalism — Judd and Morris — that painting was dead. In effect, they are attempts to produce minimal works that are clean, cool and direct and yet retain a certain singularity peculiar to painting. It is as if the blinders were removed from Greenberg's eyes and he could see that such paintings were nearer to specifying the unique properties of painting than had ever been achieved in the 1960's by his favorite color field painters, Noland and Olitski.
Clearly then the black band paintings are historically important, but from another point of view they are more limited and less original than the wraparound Orchid paintings. Indeed, their optical glow appears somewhat reminiscent of certain of Flavin's neon rectangles. On the other hand, if one assumes that an important antecedent of Baer's paintings comes from her training in the psychology of perception, we can view her wraparound paintings as an attempt to explore more complex modalities of perception than she attempted in the black band paintings. In the words of James J. Gibson's (1966) seminal work, Baer was in effect exploring "the senses considered as a perceptual system." Viewed from this perspective, the wraparound works are a considerable advance over the black band paintings. Specifically, the black band paintings are disembodied-all the action is in the eye, giving in Carter Ratcliff's (1972) prescient words, "a reduced version of seeing."
Elaborating on Ratcliff's observation, it may be claimed in contra-distinction to the black band paintings, the wraparound Orchid paintings entrain the body in terms of requiring various postural adjustments to solve the manifold perceptual puzzles posed by Baer. Such explorations supply kinesthetic feedback so that what the eye sees is augmented by information from other sensory modalities. Thus, it may be argued that these paintings draw upon an embodied view of perceiving-they compel us to repeatedly shift our bodily orientations if we want to detect Baer's edgy messages which are never fully in view from a single point of observation. Such perceiving by doing fits J.J. Gibson's (1966) concern with perceiving-acting cycles whereby what we do affects what we perceive and what we perceive affects what we do.
These paintings are embodied in a second sense-they make claims on architectural space. They teach us about how perception works in the real, cluttered architectural environment. Here, angles of vision are constantly cut off and/or obscured. Ordinary seeing involves sightings in between, over or under environmental structures. Viewed thusly, the wraparound paintings go beyond creating a visual pop based on retinal responses. Rather they bring us closer to how in Gins and Arakawa's (2002) terms, we partition the world in the process of landing in it. Like the real world, they open us up to the inexhaustible information provided by the perceptual system when it is allowed to operate naturalistically. These paintings make perceiving a sited process involving our responses to line, color and space.
In these terms, Baer's wraparound Orchid paintings prepare us for navigating the real world in its inexhaustible complexity rather than eyeballing a cool, beautiful object in a virtual world that is in the end an optical tease. Such navigations provide a multi-modal aesthetic experience that is deeper and longer lasting than "the cheap thrills" of the black band paintings.


text:
Holy Apostle James, the Son of Zebedee
Holy Apostles Jason and Sosipater as Models for ou...
After 1,000 Years Saint Barbara Returns to Orthodo...
Holy Nine Martyrs of Kyzikos
Narration of the Miracle that Took Place in Cartha...
Saint Symeon the Brother of God as a Model for our...
The Theotokos as the First to See the Risen Christ...
The Holy and Venerable Brothers Theocharis and Apo...
The Great Miracle of Saint George of Symvoulas in ...
Holy New Martyr Doukas the Tailor from Mytilene (+...
Saint Elizabeth the Wonderworker of Constantinople...
Saint Sava Brancovici, Metropolitan of Transylvani...
When St. Arsenios of Cappadocia Was Rescued by St....
Why Saint George is Often Depicted Slaying a Drago...
The Veneration of Saint George in the Founding of ...
Saint Glykerios the Farmer of Nicomedia
Homily for the Feast of Saint George (St. Luke of ...
A Greek Town is Speaking of a Miracle Following Di...
Saint George the Great Martyr Resource Page
Saint Theodore the Sykeote, Bishop of Anastasiopol...
Saint Anastasios of Sinai
Saint Alexandra the Empress of Rome, Wife of Emper...
Saint Januarius as a Model for our Lives
Saint Zacchaeus the Apostle as a Model for our Liv...
Saint John of Ioannina as a Model for our Lives
The Faith of the Mind and the Faith of the Heart
May the Calendar of the Heart Say "Resurrection"!
The Mystery of the Sabbath and of the Lord's Day (...
What Do the 153 Fish Caught by the Apostle Peter S...
Holy Pascha at Saint Anthony's Monastery in Arizon...
Four Astonishing Miracles of Saint Makarios Notara...
The Holy Monastery of the Life-Giving Spring of Lo...
The Holy Monastery of Zoodochos Pege in Poros
Zavorda Monastery in Grevena to be Rejuvenated
The Custom of the Icons in the Cave of Grevena
Elder Germanos of Stavrovouni on True and Pure Lov...
Lost 11th Century Okoni Triptych Icon Returned to ...
Holy New Martyr Michael the Vourliotes (+ 1772)
Holy Martyr Irene of Hellas
Saint Leontios of Vlacherna in Arcadia (+ 18th cen...
The Resurrection - Exclusive to Christianity
Holy Martyrs Anastasia and Vasilissa of Rome
Four Facts That Confirm the Miraculous Nature of t...
Saint Savvas the Vimataris and the Miracle of Pana...
Pentecostarion Resource Page
The Resurrection of Christ as an Historical and Ex...
The Underlying Purpose of the Appearances of the R...
How the Passion of Christ Reversed the Fall of Ada...
The Mystery of Life and Renewal
A First Look at the Holy Light (Holy Fire) of Jeru...
Christ Removed the Three Obstacles Between God and...
The Cross of Christ and His "Mad Love" for Humanit...
The Miraculous Healing of St. Porphyrios of Gaza b...
The Betrayal of Judas
Last Supper, Mystical Supper or Secret Supper?
Who Should Commune?
The Sinful Woman: A Sheep Without a Shepherd
The Fourth Path of Repentance
Saint Gerasimos of Byzantium (+ 1770)
The Tomb of Saint Kassiani in Kasos
Persons and Events of Holy Week
The Bridegroom Comes as a Mad Lover to Redeem His ...
Saint Gregory of Sinai as a Model for our Lives
The Annual Palm Sunday Reception of the Holy Cross...
"Behold Your King Is Coming To You"
Why Did Jesus Weep at the Tomb of Lazarus?
Holy Week Resource Page
Meaningfully and Personally Sharing in the Passion...
Saints and Feasts of April
Great Lent Resource Page
Saints Amphianos & Aedesios the Martyrs of Lycia
Saint Mary of Egypt, An Example of Repentance
Why Saint George is Often Depicted Slaying a Dragon
By John Sanidopoulos
The well-known story of St. George killing the dragon is obviously a legend and not a fact of history, since dragons do not exist, unless we are speaking of the Komodo dragon, but it is unlikely the Komodo dragon would appear in the Middle East from Indonesia and pose the threat described in the tale.
The depiction in iconography of St. George as a dragonslayer is purely symbolic art, and this story is nowhere to be found in the rich hymnography of the Orthodox Church, which references the most realistic elements of the lives of the saints. For example, often in iconography we see St. John the Baptist depicted with wings, but this illustration is purely symbolic of him being an earthly angel and divine messenger. Another example is the depiction of halos around the heads of the saints, which is symbolic of their heavenly citizenship and the Divine Light of their deification and their being filled with the grace of the Holy Spirit.
Historically, the status of St. George as a dragonslayer did not come about till the eleventh century, and no such reference to it can be found any earlier (the earliest image we know comes from 11th century Cappadocia and the earliest narrative we have comes from 11th century Georgia). According to Maria Vasilakis, who is an Associate Professor of Byzantine Art: "The eminent holy dragonslayers in the Eastern Church were the two Theodore's, the Recruit and the General. The earliest representation of George from the sixth century shows him as an official rather than in a military uniform. I know of no representations from the ninth century. However, only in the eleventh century does he appear as a dragonslayer. How and why George replaced the two Theodore's is uncertain." It should be added that there are other dragonslaying saints in the Orthodox Church, and sometimes the dragon is replaced with a snake or a crocodile or some other wild beast.
Ancient Greek mythology also makes reference to dragonslaying heroes, such as Hercules, Perseus and even Apollo who killed the python. The allegorical legend of St. George the Dragonslayer could be a way to show St. George as a hero, since by the eleventh century he was a very popular model and example for all the martyrs and saints of the Church who suffered for Jesus Christ against tyrants, empires, heresies, ideologies, theories, etc. Within all of us is a hero who sometimes needs to battle against a reptilian shadow to become light and free the daughter, who could be an image of the soul. Furthermore, the name "George" comes from the noun γεώργιον which denotes a farm or a cultivated field. This could be an epithet for a person who is going through spiritual cultivation. In hymnography St. George is called the "cultivator of Christ".
St. George as a horseman and dragonslayer is related to water and wells. And the deprivation of water in the summer months, especially if it doesn't rain during the winter, could be a source of great suffering in places like Greece, Asia Minor and the Middle East. The dragon who breathes flames from his mouth is keeping the water of the area hostage - as the tale says - and it will not allow it to flow unless the princess is sacrificed to the dragon. Therefore, St. George slays the dragon and saves the princess.
Some would argue that the princess in the icon merely depicts Empress Alexandra, the wife of Diocletian, who converted to Christianity upon witnessing the sufferings of St. George and was martyred with him. Her image in icons with St. George could have inspired the later symbolic imagery and the narrative of St. George slaying the dragon to save the princess.
The dragon also symbolizes the wicked serpent, the devil, as we read in Revelation 12:9. The battle against the dragon could indicate the spiritual battle against the devil and evil for the salvation of the soul. The fear of the dragon is the lack of faith and ignorance. If these are eliminated then the dragon has no power.
The image of St. George as a dragonslayer did not appear in Greece until the fourteenth century, and this may have something to do with the Ottoman takeover of Epirus and Albania. In Byzantium, however, there is another evolution. The sixth century image of St. George as an official or soldier shows Byzantium confident, certain and secure in its power, and the Church has a strong role in the Empire. A few centuries later St. George is depicted on horseback with a spear, and this is a time of Islamic invasions, Iconoclasm and the distancing of the West. Later, in the eleventh century, Byzantium is in an even more difficult position, with many enemies around them and threatening them, and this is when we find St. George as a dragonslayer. Byzantium needs a powerful ally, who has divine power and presence. St. George at this time is established as the protector of soldiers, together with other military saints, like Sts. Theodore the Recruit and Theodore the General.
In light of this, we also have the Byzantine epic poem, Digenes Akritas, which features a heroic frontier military leader named Basil on the eastern frontier of the empire after the Byzantine resurgence of the 9th and 10th centuries. As the empire reconquered territory lost to the Arabs centuries ago, the eastern frontier of the empire remained under the control of the military aristocracy, of which Basil was a member. As a work of literature, the poem's protagonist represents certain ideals of the society that produced it, especially ideals of masculinity and gender that were reproduced in the daily lives of the people sharing that cultural background. As a product of a deeply Christian medieval empire, the ideals of masculinity depicted in the poem are deeply influenced by Christianity, chivalry, ancient Greek traditions, and the cultural values of Byzantine elites.
The ideals of masculinity presented in the poem are primarily influenced by Christian values and monasticism. The source of the protagonist's power lies in "having as help the grace of God." Following the warrior saint traditions of famous historical figures, such as George, Theodore and Demetrios, who are invoked by the hero in the poem, they provide the foundations of many of Basil's superhuman exploits. Like some of the warrior saints of the past, Basil slays a dragon, which, like the serpent in the Garden of Eden, endeavors to tempt Basil's wife. Like the victorious St. George does in his tale, Basil beheads the three-headed dragon, thereby demonstrating his piety and self-control in the face of desire. In addition, Basil's love of hunting wild animals and killing lions with his bare hands symbolizes a catharsis for the hero since wild animals symbolize lack of self-control and an inclination to passion. In addition to hunting and dragonslaying symbolism, Basil also displays piety, kindness, mercy, and humility in his interactions with others. Therefore, the ideal man of the Roman/Byzantine world would be devoutly Christian, humble, pious, and in control of his body and emotions.
The depiction of St. George as a dragonslayer at the time it appeared and the corresponding rise of the epic of Digenes Akritas could be key indicators in how the icon of St. George as a dragonslayer is interpreted. And these reasons could be why the Crusaders brought this imagery and expanded on this tale in the West.
Lastly, often in icons of St. George slaying the dragon we see an image of a child on the horse with St. George. This comes from a miracle of St. George in which it is said that a young boy from Mytilene fell victim to the Hagarenes. The Saint speedily appeared on horseback and rescued the boy as he was serving wine to his master by grabbing him, putting him on the horse, and delivering him to his parents. In other icons we see the princess holding the dragon with a leash, because according to the legend the Saint calmed the dragon through his prayers and the princess dragged it and tied it to the city walls, so all the people could watch the scene. These depictions add to the fact that St. George is a speedy helper and deliverer in time of need for all those who call upon him with faith.
Labels: Iconography, Roman (Byzantine) Empire, St. George the Great Martyr


Hello again my lovely readers! It's October today! I've made it a month without burning anything. 🙂 Quite a feat if I do say so myself! 🙂 Now, this first week in October, my cooking days aren't quite as many because… we'll you'll see. Here's this weeks menu!
Thursday: Spaghetti and Meatballs at my parent's house for Gavin's birthday!
Remember! You are loved so stay happy!


text:
Stefan GP set to make history (if the FIA lets it happen)
In recent weeks there have been a flurry of media reports about Stefan GP, the prospective F1 team which hit the headlines in August by making a complaint to the European Commission over the FIA's selection process for the new teams which enter the sport next year. Since then, all has gone quiet on the complaint front but, Pitpass' business editor Chris Sylt says that behind the scenes Stefan GP's F1 plans are reaching a crossroads and, as usual, it all comes down to funding.
First it came to light that Stefan GP, which is run by Serbian Zoran Stefanovic, was looking to buy Toyota's slot and this seemed like a perfectly sensible solution. Then, when that fell through, it was reported that Stefanovic was persisting nevertheless with getting into F1 in 2010, slot or no slot. This sounded strange but Stefanovic soon clarified to say that he would aim for 2011 if his team couldn't enter in 2010.
So far so good but then an astonishing report started doing the rounds earlier this week claiming that Stefan GP would test its F1 car throughout 2010 if it fails to get a grid slot for next year. If it does indeed do this it would make history in F1 since you have to think long and very hard to name any team in the sport's 60 year history which has designed, built and tested a car without having a slot to race in. There is very good reason for this.
Designing and building an F1 car costs tens of millions of pounds - money which will go straight down the drain if the car never races, and if the team in question has no grid slot, then this is far from a remote possibility. It's no coincidence that F1 has never even seen billionaires or car companies designing, building and testing cars without the guarantee of a slot to race them.
You often find investors standing by prospective teams, waiting in the wings to pour money into R&D and production as soon as the team gets the green light but it is truly remarkable to find backers which are prepared to take a punt with no guarantee that the fruit of their efforts will ever see the light of day. So if Stefan GP can pull this off it would certainly be pioneering, particularly during the current economic climate, but even if it succeeds it will still have a hill to climb.
Stefan GP seems to be in somewhat of a catch 22. This is because the cost-conscious FIA may well take a very dim view of a team which has no slot but is trumpeting that it is designing, building and testing a car regardless. This could lead to it not being awarded a slot, even if one becomes available, which would leave its investors wincing and would smear egg all over the face of the reporters who originally heralded the team's ambitions.
Indeed, amongst the headlines of 'Stefan GP still pushing for F1 entry', 'Stefan GP still seeking 2010 grid slot' and 'Stefan GP planning to test F1 car' the one question which isn't asked is where Stefan GP's funding is coming from.
Given that even car companies and billionaires have shied away from the idea of fully preparing an F1 car without having an F1 slot, it makes it all the more important for Stefan GP's backers to have deep pockets. One doesn't have to look too far to find examples in F1 of projects which have failed because they lacked funding.
Indeed, ironically, one publication which has given pages and pages of coverage to Stefan GP's plans, without covering the question of its funding source, then again, this is the very same organ which for months trumpeted Simon Gillett's ambitious plans for Donington with headlines such as 'Donington will deliver'. Say no more.
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di Montezemolo: F1 is going through a transition
Teams to nominate appeal judges
Button and Brawn receive their trophies
Former drivers to join F1 Stewards panel
FIA approves new points system
WMSC confirms 2010 calendar
F1 Commission approves Brawn name change
Overhaul of points system planned for 2010
Stefan GP remains focussed on F1 entry
Toyota sheds 500 jobs
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text:
NoMa Adds Second Public Park Space with Acquisition of Two-Acre Parcel
The NoMa Parks Foundation, an affiliate of the NoMa Business Improvement District, announced today that it has acquired for $14 million a two-acre parcel from Pepco. Bounded by Harry Thomas Way NE, the popular Metropolitan Branch Trail and New York Avenue NE, this acquisition is the culmination of two years of effort by the Foundation. It is the second acquisition by the Foundation since being awarded $50 million from the District of Columbia Government for the purpose of developing new public parks and civic spaces in the NoMa neighborhood. The District passed the NoMa Parks Grant Authorization Act in 2013. The Act provides the plan and funding for the creation of parks to serve the residents of NoMa and near northeast.
"With more than 36,000 people living in greater NoMa today and more than 7,000 new homes in the near-term pipeline, a diverse collection of parks and open space is essential," said Robin-Eve Jasper, president of the NoMa Parks Foundation. "This park will be a fantastic space. It will provide the fast-growing NoMa community with a wonderful place to gather, play and enjoy being outdoors; all things NoMa residents have dreamt about throughout the parks planning we've done over the last few years."
Charles (Sandy) Wilkes, chairman of the NoMa Parks Foundation, stated, "We have a lot to be thankful for. The acquisition of two acres of land for a park in NoMa means we have made good on our priority commitment to create a park, adequately-sized and suitable for a variety of recreational activities – and do so before the opportunity might be foreclosed forever."
Since its formation in 2012, the Foundation's mission has been to provide welcoming, sustainable and beautiful public spaces where people can play, refresh and connect in NoMa. The Foundation has worked with the District of Columbia Government, private property owners in NoMa and NoMa residents on this public-private partnership to create attractive public spaces where none previously existed. The two-acre parcel acquired from Pepco will serve as the backyard for the neighborhood and has the working name of "NoMa Green."
"We were pleased to partner with the NoMa Parks Foundation to turn this two-acre site into a welcoming and attractive park that will benefit countless District residents," said Pepco Vice President of Asset Management Mike Maxwell. "The creation of additional green spaces and finding new ways to invest in the environment is consistent with Pepco's core values and we are eager to see this fast-growing corner of the city benefit from a great new park."
Great parks and public spaces make great neighborhoods. The residents, workers, and visitors of NoMa have long desired parks and green spaces, and this acquisition is a major step forward in achieving that goal. NoMa is succeeding against difficult odds in acquiring land for parks and in persuading private property owners to create unique and wonderful public spaces on privately-owned land such as the NoMa Meander, a four-block long pedestrian promenade. In the very near future, a full complement of terrific new parks will be part of the remarkable list of amenities that NoMa offers as the premier neighborhood in which to work and live in the District.
NoMa is a vibrant, growing mixed-use neighborhood nestled among Union Station, the U.S. Capitol, Shaw, Union Market and the H Street, NE corridor in Washington, D.C. Already, NoMa has more than 17.6 million SF of office, hotel, retail, and residential space. Each day, 111,000 people are out and about in the commercial core of NoMa. More than 38 percent of NoMa's office space is home to private sector tenants, including a concentration of media, tech, and think tanks such as NPR, Google, XM Sirius, and Mathematica. Through a public-private partnership with the District Government and a capital investment of $50 million, NoMa will soon have great new parks and public spaces as well. This is especially important since NoMa is now home to 3,836 new apartments, and more than 54,000 people work here each day. NoMa is the most connected neighborhood in Washington, D.C. With its unparalleled transportation access by way of Amtrak, VRE, MARC, two Red Line Metro stops, and vehicular access to Interstate 395, visitors, workers, and residents can easily travel throughout the region as well as get to New York or anywhere on the East Coast. NoMa has an enviable WalkScore of 92 and offers stellar biking facilities, including the 8-mile Metropolitan Branch Trail. The NoMa BID organizes more than 50 free award-winning community events each year, connecting more than 20,000 friends and neighbors. For more information about NoMa, visit www.nomabid.org and sign up for our bimonthly newsletter. Follow us on Twitter @NoMaBID and like us on Facebook.
Sarah Mars Bowie


text:
package categoriplus.dataccesobject.openerp.transformer;

import categoriplus.modelo.Categoria;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * Clase que transforma los datos de Categoria a AbstractMap y viceversa.
 *
 * @author Antonio López Marín
 */
public class CategoriaTransformer implements Transformer<Categoria> {

    //Ids
    private String ID = "id";
    public static final String NAME = "name";
    public static final String PARENT = "parent_id";
    //Campos
    public static final String[] FIELDS = {NAME, PARENT};
    //Nombre del objeto en la base de datos
    public static final String OBJECT_NAME = "product.category";

    /**
     * Metodo que transforma de AbstractMap a Categoria.
     *
     * @param map
     * @return Met
     */
    @Override
    public Categoria transform(AbstractMap map) {
        Categoria categoria = new Categoria();
        //Introduzco los campos de id y name en una nueva categoria
        categoria.setId((Integer) map.get(ID));
        categoria.setName((String) map.get(NAME));

        //Recojo la categoria padre en un Object, porque no siempre devuelve
        //el mismo tipo
        Object p = map.get(PARENT);

        //Si es un Array de Objetos creo la categoria padre con sus datos
        if (p instanceof Object[]) {
            Object[] padre = (Object[]) p;
            Categoria catPadre = new Categoria((Integer) padre[0],
                    (String) padre[1],
                    new Categoria());
            categoria.setParent(catPadre);
        }

        return categoria;
    }

    /**
     * Transform que pasa de Categoria a AbstractMap.
     *
     * @param dto
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public AbstractMap transform(Categoria dto) {
        AbstractMap map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        //Paso sus campos
        map.put(ID, (Integer)dto.getId());
        map.put(NAME, (String)dto.getName());

        //Y si tiene categoria padre le paso su id
        Categoria padre = dto.getParent();
        if (padre != null) {
            map.put(PARENT, padre.getId());
        }

        return map;
    }

    /**
     * Metodo que devuelve la id de una categoria.
     *
     * @param dto
     * @return Met
     */
    @Override
    public Object getIdObject(Categoria dto) {
        return (Integer) dto.getId();
    }

    /**
     * Metodo que cambia la id a una categoria con una nueva.
     *
     * @param dto
     * @param id
     * @return Met
     */
    @Override
    public Categoria setId(Categoria dto, Object id) {
        dto.setId((Integer) id);
        return dto;
    }

    /**
     * Metodo que devuelve los campos de Categoria.
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String[] getFields() {
        return FIELDS;
    }

    /**
     * Metodo que devuelve el nombre del objeto en el ERP.
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String getObjectName() {
        return OBJECT_NAME;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our structured cabling team comprises of expert data and fibre technicians with an average working experience in our industry of at least 10 years. We offer a range of services from small Cat5e and 6 jobs to complex designs, thousands of points and integration with other services. We can run cable, test and terminate data and fibre, install Wifi and complete communication room setups, moves or tidy ups.
UTL is the prefered supplier for many Councils and is often sub contracted in on large installations for many of the major building and electrical contractors on a range of projects from including Schools, Librarys, Public Buildings, Hospitals, Galleries, Train stations and Offices.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) $MX_2$ have attracted a great deal of interest for their rich physical properties, such as charge density waves (CDW) \cite{1CDW1,2CDW2,3CDW3}, superconductivity \cite{4super1,5super2}  and pressure-induced phase transitions \cite{6pressureinduced1,7pressureinduced2,8pressureinduced3}. Recently, the interest in these
compounds has been renewed after Huang \textit{et al.}'s prediction \cite{12huang} of a novel type of topological electronic states, known as type-II Dirac cones. These states are characterized by a tilt of the energy dispersion curve of the cones with respect to the energy axis, which breaks the Lorentz invariance. These states display qualitatively different thermodynamic response as compared to that of type-I cones, typically found
in graphene \cite{13graphene}. Namely, in type-II cones, the chiral anomaly depends on the direction of the magnetic field, which would lead to unusual topological transport properties.

Following the above seminal work, type-II Dirac cones have been predicted
in a number of TMD's like PdTe$_2$, PtTe$_2$ and PtSe$_2$ \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,10dirac_PtTe2,11PtSe2}, where the spin-orbit coupling (SOC)
is sufficiently strong to produce the required tilt of the cones. Among these compounds, PdTe$_2$ has been intensively studied for it displays superconductivity below $T_c$=1.7-2 K \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,14PdTe2Tc1,15dHvAPdTe2,16PTCPT}, attributed to a saddle-point-like van Hove singularity near the Fermi level, $E_F$ \cite{23vanhove}, enhanced up to 2.5 K upon Cu intercalation \cite{16PTCPT}. PdTe$_2$ has then been regarded as a promising playground to induce a topological superconducting (TSC) state at the surface by proximity \cite{18majorana}, though the experimental observation of this state remains controversial. On one hand, the existence of type-II Dirac cones have been predicted by \textit{ab initio} calculations and confirmed experimentally by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and by Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) quantum oscillations. The latter measurements further indicate that PdTe$_2$ is a multi-band semimetal with a nontrivial Berry phase for one of these bands \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,15dHvAPdTe2,19QO_PdTe2}. On
the other hand, scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies \cite{20superPdte21,21superPdte22,22superPdTe23} support a picture of conventional BCS superconductivity contrasting the scenario of topological states at the Fermi surface.

In order to elucidate this controversy, a theoretical study suggests that
high pressure may tune the superconducting and topological properties \cite{25calculHP}. Namely, the above study predicts a monotonic decrease of $T_c$ with pressure, the appearance of type-I cones above 4.7 GPa and the
disappearance of the type-II cones above 6 GPa. These two abrupt changes in the electronic structure are expected to govern the interplay - if any
- between superconductivity and topological Dirac states that can be probed experimentally. A first experimental study up to 2.5 GPa by Leng \textit{et al.} unveils a non-monotonic pressure dependence of $T_c$ displaying a maximum at $\sim$0.91 GPa \cite{26HP}, at odds with the above prediction. This discrepancy suggests that the calculations miss the details of the low-energy physics governing the superconducting state.

The purpose of the present study is to probe the signature of the evolution of the Dirac cones as a function of pressure in the electrical resistivity of pristine PdTe$_2$ and intercalated Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ single crystals by means of a systematic study at much higher pressures up to 8.2 GPa. A favorable condition for a quantitative analysis of the results is that the transport properties of the system are dominated by one band, as previously reported \cite{15dHvAPdTe2}.

\section{Sample Synthesis Methods}
The PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ single crystals object of the present study have been prepared following a two-step route. First, polycrystalline samples were synthesized via conventional solid-state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of high-purity Pd, Te and Cu powders. The mixture was ground, pelletized and sealed in evacuated quartz tubes with residual
pressure lower than $10^{-5}$ mbar. The pellets in the evacuated tubes were submitted to a heat treatment at 500 $^\circ$C for 3 days followed by a slow cooling-down to room temperature. In the second step, the as-prepared polycrystalline samples were reground and repelletized and submitted to a second heat treatment in evacuated quartz tubes at 757 $^\circ$C for
one day, followed by a slow cooling-down to 500 $^\circ$C during one week
and a final treatment at this temperature for another week. The heating was finally switched off to cool-down freely the samples to room temperature. The above synthesis route reproducibly yield 3-8 mm-sized platelet-shaped single crystals, as shown in Figs. 1(a,b). X-ray diffractograms obtained using a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer confirm the phase purity of the samples. Figs. 1(c,d) show the $c$-axis [00l] orientation of the platelets. For both compositions, PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$, the data analysis indicates that the crystal structure and the lattice parameters obtained are consistent with previous reports \cite{27PTCPT}. In Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$, we observed a minute shift of peak positions, attributed to a small reduction of the Pd-Te bond length \cite{16PTCPT}.

	\begin{figure}[ht]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width = 0.7\columnwidth]{fig1}
	\caption{(a) and (b): Cleaved PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ single crystals. (c) and (d): X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ showing $(00\ell)$ reflections. (e): Realization of the electrical contacts on the crystals in the Bridgman-type high-pressure cell (see text for details).}
	\label{fig1}
	\end{figure}

\section{Specific heat and high-pressure transport measurements}
For both measurements, we selected one single crystal from each of the PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ batches, cleaved it and cut it in pieces of the desired shape and dimension. The isobaric specific heat, $C_p$ was measured in the 2-300 K range using a relaxation method implemented in a Quantum Design Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). The same apparatus was used for the electrical resistivity measurements using a conventional four-point method in the bar configuration. Typical bar dimensions are 700 $\times$ 300 $\times$ 20-40 $\mu$m$^3$. Owing to the platelet shape and orientation of the crystals, we measured the in-plane resistivity. For the ambient-pressure measurements, Au wires were attached on the cleaved surface using silver paste Dupont 6839. High-pressure measurements were carried out using a Bridgman-type cell, as described elsewhere \cite{bridgeman_cell}. The samples were positioned inside a pyrophyllite ring and sandwiched between steatite discs used as pressure transmitting medium (see Fig. 1e). In this case, the mechanical action of pressure alone ensures a good electrical contact between Pt wires and sample. Pressure was applied at room temperature by clamping the load using a locking nut and progressively increased up to 8.2 GPa after each measurement. The pressure value was determined by measuring the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ of a thin Pb sample (Goodfellow, 99.99\% purity) placed near the PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ crystals (see Fig. 1e) and using the pressure dependence of the $T_c$ of Pb as calibration curve.

\section{Results}
\subsection{Specific heat}
The $C_p(T)$ curves of both PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ display a smooth behavior with no indication of phase transition in the whole 2-300 K
range measured (see Fig. \ref{fig2}). In the high temperature region, the
curves level off at the expected Dulong-Petit limit $3pR$ within the error made by neglecting the usually small difference between isobaric ($C_p$) and isochoric ($C_v$) specific heat. A straightforward analysis shows that, in the above temperature range, the data are well described by a conventional behavior resulting from the superposition of a linear electronic contribution and of a phonon contribution of the Debye type:

	\begin{equation}
	C_v=\gamma T+9pR \left(\frac{T}{\Theta_D} \right)^3 \int_{0}^{\frac{\Theta_D}{T}}\frac{x^4e^x}{(e^x-1)^2}dx
	\label{debye_cp}
	\end{equation}

where $\gamma$, $p$, $R$ and $\Theta_D$ are the Sommerfeld coefficient, the number of atoms per formula unit, the gas constant and the Debye temperature. The small difference between calculated and experimental points may be ascribed to the above difference between $C_p$ and $C_v$. $\gamma$ and $\Theta_D$ are determined by fitting the low-temperature data using the asymptotic dependence $C_v/T=\gamma + \beta T^2$. In good agreement with Ref.\cite{27PTCPT,29cppdte2}, the fit yields $\gamma=5.46(7)$ mJ mol$^{-1}$ K$^{-2}$ and $\beta=0.60(7)$ mJ mol$^{-1}$ K$^{-4}$ for PdTe$_2$ and $\gamma=5.74(3)$ mJ mol$^{-1}$ K$^{-2}$ and $\beta=0.62(2)$ mJ mol$^{-1}$ K$^{-4}$ for Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$. Using the Fermi liquid expression $\gamma=\pi^2 k_B^2 D(E_F)/3$, we obtain a density of states at
the Fermi level of $D(E_F)= 2.31$ eV$^{-1}$ f.u.$^{-1}$ and 2.43 eV$^{-1}$ f.u.$^{-1}$  for PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$, respectively. The larger $D(E_F)$ in the latter compound is consistent with the electronic doping produced by Cu-intercalation. These values are consistent with early \textit{ab initio} calculations that include the SOC \cite{jan77}. Finally, using the Debye relation $\Theta_D = (12 \pi^4 pR/5 \beta)^{1/3}$, within the statistical uncertainty, we find the same value $\Theta_D=212-3(2)$ K for the two samples, as expected considering the modest concentration of intercalated Cu atoms.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.7\columnwidth]{fig2}
\caption{Temperature dependence of the isobaric specific heat of PdTe$_2$
and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ (b) single crystals. The green broken lines and the solid lines indicate the Dulong-Petit limit and the prediction of the Debye model (see Eq.\ref{debye_cp} in the text), respectively. The insets
show a detail of the $C_p/T\ vs\ T^2$ curves at low temperature. Black broken lines are linear fits to the expected $C_p/T = \gamma + \beta T^2$
behavior.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Resistivity}
In Fig. \ref{fig3} we plot the temperature dependence of the normalized in-plane resistivity $\rho(T)$ of the PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ single crystals at different pressures. In PdTe$_2$, the ambient pressure and room temperature value of $44 \mu \Omega$ cm is consistent with the values in the $24 - 70 \mu \Omega$ cm range previously reported \cite{16PTCPT,29cppdte2,30RoPdTe2,31RoPdTe2}. The above scattering of values reported
by different groups is attributed to the sensitivity of semimetals like PdTe$_2$ to slightly different concentrations of Te vacancies. The value $\rho_{300K} \approx 36 \mu \Omega$ cm measured in Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ is explained by a significant carrier doping provided by Cu intercalation. For both compounds, the $\rho(T)$ curves evolve smoothly with pressure up to 8.2 GPa, which is expected considering that an earlier X-ray diffraction study gives no indication of any structural transition up to 19 GPa at
room temperature \cite{32structure}. The absence of any anomaly with pressure indicates that the predicted crossover from type-II Dirac cones to type-I Dirac cones at $\sim 5$ GPa \cite{25calculHP} does not affect the transport properties or may occur at higher pressures. We finally note that the residual resistivity ratio ($RRR$) decreases with pressure, probably because of defects in the sample produced by a pressure gradient in the
cell.

 \begin{figure}[ht]
 	\centering
 	\includegraphics[width = 0.7\columnwidth]{fig3}
 	\caption{Normalized electrical resistivity $\rho(T)/\rho(300 {\rm K})$ of PdTe$_2$ (a) and of Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ (b) single crystals as a function of pressure. The inset in panel (b) shows a detailed view of the superconducting transition at low-temperature (curves are shifted vertically for clarity).}
 	\label{fig3}
 \end{figure}

As seen in Fig. \ref{fig3}, no indication of superconductivity is found in PdTe$_2$ above 2 K in the whole pressure range measured, consistent with a theoretical prediction of even lower $T_c$'s $\sim$1.7-2 K at ambient pressure \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,14PdTe2Tc1,15dHvAPdTe2,16PTCPT} and of a $T_c$ reduction with pressure \cite{25calculHP}. In the ambient pressure curve of Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$, we do observe a
sharp superconducting transition with onset at $T_c \sim$ 2.4 K, in agreement with a previous report \cite{16PTCPT}. Under high-pressure, the transition broadens significantly so that zero resistivity is not achieved yet at 2 K. As above, we attribute this broadening to defects produced by a
pressure gradient. The behavior of the $T_c$ onset value with pressure is
seen in the inset of Fig. \ref{fig3}b. One may note a slight increase of $T_c$ at 2.5 GPa, followed by an equally slight decrease at higher pressures. Overall, these variations fall within a modest interval of 0.3 K, which corresponds to a rate smaller than 0.05 K/GPa.

In Fig. \ref{fig3}, one further notes for both compounds
a typical metallic behavior, characterized by a markedly linear dependence at high temperature followed by a saturation to a residual resistivity value $\rho_0$ at low temperature. As customary, we analyzed the behavior
of this saturation using the power law $\rho(T) = \rho_0 + AT^n$. A straightforward data fit (see SM for details) shows that, in the whole pressure range investigated and for both compounds, the low-temperature behavior follows very well an unusual $T^4$ power law up to $\sim$40 K (see Fig. \ref{fig4}). At this temperature, the curves exhibit a smooth crossover to a linear dependence. This contrasts the $T^5$ power law expected in
metals at low temperature within the Debye approximation.

\begin{figure}[ht]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width = 0.7\columnwidth]{fig4}
		\caption{Log-log plot of the temperature dependent $\Delta \rho (T) =
\rho (T) - \rho_0$ curves of PdTe$_2$ (a) and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ (b) at different pressures. Solid lines represent a fit to the linear and $T^4$ dependence. The crossover temperature between the two regimes define the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen temperature, $T_{BG}$. The curves are shifted vertically for clarity. The high-pressure data at low temperature are not shown due to the high noise.}
		\label{fig4}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}
To the best of our knowledge, the above unusual $T^4$ power-law has been reported previously in a few metallic systems and the proposed explanations are quite diverse \cite{33GdT4,34GdT4,35AgT4,36grapheneT4a,37graheneT4b,38grapheneT4c}. In polycrystalline Gd, a power law of the resistivity $\rho \sim T^n$ with $n=3.73 \pm 0.03$ observed in the 5 - 15 K range was explained by a linear spin-wave distribution law combined with a magnetic anisotropy \cite{33GdT4,34GdT4}. This scenario is clearly not applicable to the present case, for PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ are both paramagnetic above $T_c$. A second example is given by Ag and Ag-based alloys that have been reported to display a $T^4$ power law similar to ours in
the 2 - 6 K range \cite{35AgT4}. It was argued that this dependence limited to a narrow range of temperatures is ascribed to the concomitance of electron-phonon scattering and electron-electron scattering where Matthiessen's rule is not valid. This scenario is not applicable either to our case, where the observed $T^4$ dependence extends to a much wider temperature range, suggesting that a single scattering mechanism dominates.\\

The peculiar behavior observed here is rather similar to that found in multilayer graphene and bidimensional (2D) semiconductor heterojunctions with low carrier density, to which the so-called acoustic phonon limited model has been applied previously \cite{36grapheneT4a,37graheneT4b,38grapheneT4c}. All these systems share with PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ a low carrier density and thus a small Fermi surface and a small Fermi wave vector $k_F$. When the Fermi surface is much smaller than the first Brillouin zone (BZ), only low-energy acoustic phonons participate in the electron-phonon scattering process. As a result, the low-temperature limit of the Debye model, corresponding to a $\Theta_D/T$ ratio approximated by infinity, is reached at temperatures much lower than the liquid helium temperatures of standard measurements like ours. In this case, instead of the
Debye temperature $\Theta_D$, one has to introduce a cut-off Bloch-Gr\"uneisen temperature $T_{BG} =2 \hbar v_s k_F/k_B$, where $v_s$ is the sound velocity \cite{37graheneT4b}. A theoretical study proposed for graphene in the absence of screening shows that $\rho \propto T$ in the $T \gg T_{BG}$ limit, while $\rho \propto T^4$ in the opposite limit $T \ll T_{BG}$ \cite{36grapheneT4a}. This model, suitable to 2D semimetals in general, assumes that only the longitudinal acoustic mode participates in the electron-phonon scattering. Transverse acoustic modes are neglected because
of the 2D characteristic of the system while optical modes are not populated at low temperatures \cite{36grapheneT4a}.

We argue that the above model is suitable indeed for the
PdTe$_2$ system. First, in spite of the 3D character of the Fermi surface, a 2D model appears to be appropriate to describe the electrical transport because the electron-phonon coupling displays pronounced 2D properties, as shown by Kim et al. \cite{23vanhove}. Namely, by means of \textit{ab
initio} calculations, these authors found that the frequency-dependent electron-phonon coupling constant $\lambda(\omega)$ is dominated by in-plane phonons. Second, we compare the value of $k_F$ with the size of the first BZ in the $ab$-plane. Considering that the lattice parameter is $a =
4.037$ \AA, so $\pi /a = 0.78 \AA^{-1}$ \cite{32structure} and using the Onsager rule $F=A \hbar /2 \pi e$ relating the frequency $F$ of the quantum oscillations to the extremal Fermi surface area normal to the magnetic field, $A(E_F)$, we estimate $A(E_F)$ and, consequently, $k_F$. Assuming circular cross sections of the Fermi surface, SdH and dHvA measurements \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,15dHvAPdTe2,19QO_PdTe2} unveil a low frequency at $\sim$ 8 T, a group of medium frequencies in the 110 T $< F <$ 140 T range and a high frequency of $\sim$450 T corresponding to $k_F$ values of 0.016, 0.057 - 0.062 and 0.12 \AA$^{-1}$, respectively. Evidently, these values are small as compared to the size of the first BZ, so the model of acoustic phonon-limited scattering is applicable. The SdH measurements also show very high frequencies of $\sim$1000 T and above, which corresponds to $k_F$ values comparable to $\pi/a$ \cite{19QO_PdTe2}. The charge carriers of these small pockets are then expected to dominate the transport properties in PdTe$_2$.

The crossover from $T^4$ to linear behavior in the log-log plot of the $\Delta \rho(T)$ curves in Fig \ref{fig4} indicates that $T_{BG} \sim 40$ K
in PdTe$_2$ and we take $v_s \sim 3660$ m/s for the longitudinal acoustic
branch, as reported previously \cite{39latticepdte2}. We then find $k_F \sim$ 0.068 \AA$^{-1}$, in good agreement with the magnitude of the medium
frequencies of the above dHvA and SdH experiments. This suggests that the
charge carriers of the corresponding extremal Fermi surface sections dominate the normal state transport properties. According to \textit{ab initio} calculations of the band structure and to the dHvA and SdH results, these sections belong to the six-fold plier-shaped Fermi pocket (see Fig.4(b) of \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2}), while the remaining frequencies are
associated with other Fermi pockets \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,19QO_PdTe2}. A further dHvA study shows that these Fermi pockets give large amplitudes in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra \cite{15dHvAPdTe2}, in agreement with the Kohler plot of PdTe$_2$, which features a scaling of the magnetoresistivity in a wide range of temperature \cite{15dHvAPdTe2}, as commonly observed in single-band metals. The discrepancy between experimental and estimated $k_F$ values may be due to the following: (i) the contribution of charge carriers from other Fermi pockets. (ii) The Pd atoms are located in distorted octahedra, so the contribution of transverse acoustic modes with lower sound velocity may not be negligible. (iii) The above estimate of $k_F$ is based on the approximation of circular cross-sections of the Fermi pockets.

One further point of discussion concerns the effects of pressure and intercalation within the proposed scenario of acoustic phonon limited scattering. Although Hall measurements on PdTe$_2$ suggest a multiband picture \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2,26HP}, the above analysis suggests that a single band dominates charge transport, which allows us to estimate the electron-phonon coupling constant $\lambda$ using a simple one-band model for
free-electron-like metals. Within such a model, at high temperatures ($T > \Theta_D$), the resistivity is expressed as $\rho =(2 \pi m^* k_B T/ne^2\hbar)\lambda_{tr}$ \cite{40EPC}, where $m^*$ and $n$ are the effective band mass and the charge carrier density, respectively. The transport electron-phonon coupling $\lambda_{tr}$ differs from the electron-phonon coupling $\lambda$ for the presence of the transport factor $1-\cos\theta$ in the scattering integral averaging over all phonon contributions, which gives extra weight to backscattering processes. Under
ambient pressure and at high temperatures, $T > 200$ K, the $\rho(T)$ curve yields a resistivity coefficient $\partial \rho / \partial T = 0.14 \mu \Omega$ cm/K. So, taking $n=0.75 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-3}$ estimated at low field \cite{26HP} and $m^* = 0.3 m_e$ ($m_e$ is the free electron mass), which corresponds to the medium frequencies of the quantum oscillations \cite{9dirac_transport_PdTe2}, we obtain $\lambda_{tr} = 1.2$, to be compared with $\lambda = 0.53$ predicted by \textit{ab initio} calculations \cite{23vanhove} and $\lambda = 0.58$ reported in a very recent helium atom scattering study \cite{EP_PT}. We ascribe this discrepancy between $\lambda$ and $\lambda_{tr}$ values partly to the above transport factor and partly to the uncertainty in the geometry of the present resistivity measurements. In any case, the present estimate of $\lambda_{tr}$ gives a useful indication regarding the effect of pressure on the electron-phonon coupling. For instance, at 2 GPa, we find
that $n$ increases up to $2.1 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-3}$ \cite{26HP}, and the slope of the $\rho$(T) curve at high temperature is 0.1 $\mu\Omega$ cm/K. Assuming that the $m^*$ remains constant, we conclude that $\lambda_{tr}$ increases by a factor 2 as compared to ambient pressure. This enhancement is at odds with the observed decrease of $T_c$ at 2 GPa \cite{26HP}. We can reconcile the two results by considering that the effective mass - and thus the band structure - is also expected to change with pressure.

\begin{figure}[ht]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width = 0.7\columnwidth]{fig5}
	\caption{Pressure dependence of the power-law order coefficient $n$ (a) and of the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen temperature $T_{BG}$ (b) for PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$}.
	\label{fig5}
\end{figure}

We finally ask ourselves whether the 2D character of PdTe$_2$ is affected
under high pressure or upon intercalation due to a larger orbital overlap
along the $c$-axis and to the increasing importance of transverse modes. To test this possibility, in Fig. \ref{fig5}a we plot the power law coefficient $n$ as a function of pressure for PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$. Remarkably, $n$ is not sensitive to pressure and remains equal to 4 for both compounds within the statistical uncertainty. We argue that this robustness reflects the stability of the 2D character of the system. Indeed, it was reported \cite{32structure} that, at 8 GPa, the lattice constant ratio $c/a$ of PdTe$_2$ decreases by only 2.4\% as compared to the ambient pressure value. The $n$ value of Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ is smaller than that for PdTe$_2$, which suggests that the 2D character is reduced by Cu intercalation, as expected. Fig. 5(b) shows the experimental values of $T_{BG}$ as a function of pressure for PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$. For both compounds, note an abrupt increase of $T_{BG}$ at low pressure, $\sim$2 GPa. Considering that the lattice parameters and
the carrier density vary smoothly with pressure \cite{26HP,32structure}, one possible explanation is an anomalous variation of sound velocity at low pressure. Above 2 GPa, the moderate increase of $T_{BG}$ with pressure
is ascribed to an increased carrier density. The value of $T_{BG}$ in Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ slightly exceeds that of PdTe$_2$, which supports the picture that Cu intercalation enhances carrier density.

\section{Conclusion}
The present study on the type-II Dirac semimetals PdTe$_2$ and Cu$_{0.05}$PdTe$_2$ shows that the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is weakly affected by high pressure, with no anomaly in the pressure dependence of the resistivity curves up to 8.2 GPa. The latter result is at odds
with the predicted pressure-induced evolution of $T_c$. Charge transport is also insensitive to the variations of the topological properties of the system under pressure, \textit{i.e.} the evolution of type II to type I
Dirac cone, because the latter is located far from the Fermi energy. At low temperatures, all resistivity curves exhibit a remarkable $T^4$ power law up to 40 K and independent of pressure up to 8.2 GPa. Our data analysis supports a model of acoustic phonon-limited scattering suitable for low-density 2D materials, consistent with a scenario of charge transport dominated by one electronic band, as proposed previously \cite{15dHvAPdTe2}. Within this scenario, the dominant band is likely to be the six-fold plier-shaped Fermi surface pocket probed experimentally by quantum oscillations and predicted by \textit{ab initio} calculations. For this dominant band, our analysis yields a remarkably large value of transport electron-phonon coupling constant $\lambda_{tr} = 1.2$ at ambient pressure that appears to be strongly enhanced by pressure assuming a constant effective mass. Further studies are needed to confirm this enhancement while measurements at even higher pressures may definitely rule out the possibility that pressure can tune the topological properties of the system.

\section{Acknowledgement}
The authors are grateful to Stefan Klotz for useful discussions and Nicolas Dumesnil, Philippe Rosier and the staff of the low-temperature physical properties service (MPBT) of Sorbonne Universit\'e for technical support. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Chinese Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201608070037) and by the Laboratory of Excellence MATISSE within the frame of the "Investissements d'Avenir Programme" of the French Ministery of University and Research (MESRI)
under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I had all these great ideas for posts today. I can remember thinking at least four times, "Oh! I should blog about that!" Now? I have no freaking clue. Normally I'd have written my ideas down but we were busy enough that by the time I had a chance I'd already forgotten my idea.
Add to that working a 12 hour day…. I'm totally brain dead.
I'm excited about how work is going. I have a bunch of new responsibilities that I'm excited about. So hopefully my job will be less same old, same old. I like variety and I like to be challenged. Hopefully these changes will be just what I need.
I also decided that I need to plan a trip. Somewhere warm in January or February. It will give me something to look forward to instead of dreading the winter. I'm just stir crazy and I need something to focus on when I feel like my wings have been clipped.
So, now I need ideas. I went to Cancun last January so I'm not too interested in that. Plus it really needs to be somewhere relatively inexpensive. Also, I'd like it to be somewhere I've never been. As much as I'd love to go somewhere like Thailand I think it probably will need to be somewhere close. If I can get the time off I don't want to waste whole days in transit.
I was thinking possibly South Carolina. I've never been and I've heard it's gorgeous. New Mexico is another option. There are many states that I've never been to but I'd prefer to go somewhere warm and I've pretty much been to all the other southern states.
I'm already perking up at the ideas. Anyone want to help me daydream?
I'm not sure what area of SC you are thinking but I was there last March (end of!) and it was COLD. Okay, so the people said that's not normal but still…we also went to Florida and it was awesome- you could always go there!
Oh really? I wasn't thinking it would be tropical beach weather or anything but I'd hope it would at least be warmer than Chicago. I mean, that time of year we're buried in snow so 50 degrees or warmer would feel amazing, ha!
Palm Springs, Vancouver (drive from Seattle), Mobile (try it).
Mobile is actually an idea. I've never been and I'll bet the weather is nice that time of year.


[Photo: Stephen Wilkes] Ariel Schwartz contributed to this report.
Ariel Schwartz contributed to this report.
His company's latest victory in that battle? The announcement that Ford is partnering with Microsoft to integrate its Hohm technology into new EVs. Up until now, the home energy management service hasn't been that exciting. It doesn't have many utility partners yet, which means that the most important information of all–ongoing energy consumption data–isn't available to most users. But Hohm is about to get a major boost with today's announcement that the service will be integrated into the Ford Focus Electric in 2011, another unnamed hybrid in 2012, and a third, yet unnamed hybrid in 2013.
As part of the partnership, Hohm will assist drivers in figuring out the best time to juice up their vehicles based on when electricity rates are lowest. The service might indicate, for example, that electricity is cheapest between midnight and 6 a.m. on a certain day–a potentially money-saving piece of data. In addition to saving drivers cash, the feature will also hopefully help utilities reduce consumption during times of heavy stress on the electric grid. And that means less of a chance that the grid will fail when, say, 100,000 people in a certain area are all trying to charge their EVs at the same time. (Watch more info on Hohm in the video here).
The Ford CEO is still right behind the combustion engine, too–he also exhorted the political classes to pull their collective fingers out. "Governments around the world are going to have a tremendous role to play," he said, suggesting they should offer consumers incentives to get on board the new technology. The best place, after all, for EV- and hybrid-spotting, is either Hollywood or Silicon Valley.
But Mulally didn't miss the opportunity to pat himself and his company on its collective back, either, given that they avoided government bailout bucks in one of the bleakest times in American history for auto makers. "I'm very pleased we respected all our debt-holders and all our stockholders," he said.
Below, Fast Company's own Paul Hochman talks to Julius Marchwicki, Ford's SYNC Product Manager, and Jim Buczkowski, Global Director of Electrical and Electrical Systems at the Nwe York Auto Show.


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""Deeds Done in Words" is an impressive piece of work. It is the first attempt to identify and assess the principal "genres" of rhetoric, and to interpret the panoply of those genres in terms of the needs of, and the needs for, ritual in American politics." Jeffrey Tulis, author of "The Rhetorical Presidency"""Deeds Done in Words" is a thoughtful survey of how a democracy uses language to transact its business. Based on an enlivened understanding of genre theory and on numerous pieces of original criticism, Campbell and Jamieson vividly show how central public discourse has become the lifeblood of the American polity." Roderick Hart, author of "The Sound of Leadership""The rhetoric that issues from the White House is becoming an ever more salient part of what the presidency means and does. This acute inquiry provides a great many insights into the forms, meanings, and functions of presidential discourse. It is an enlightening contribution to our understanding of American politics." Murray Edelman, author of "Constructing the Political Spectacle""