text:
Patent Scaffolding Co. v. William Simpson Constr
256 Cal. App. 2d 506 (Cal. Ct. App. 1967)
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Patent Scaffolding Co.v.William Simpson Constr
Court of Appeal of California, Second District, Division FiveNov 29, 1967
256 Cal. App. 2d 506•64 Cal. Rptr. 187•
Docket No. 30131.
November 29, 1967.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. John F. Aiso, Judge. Reversed.
Action to recover damages for claimed breach of contracts in constructing a building. Judgment for plaintiff reversed.
Hill, Farrer Burrill, William McD. Miller, A.J. Cathcart and William M. Bitting for Defendant and Appellant.
Joseph Stell and Arthur S. Levin for Plaintiff and Respondent.
HUFSTEDLER, J.
The William Simpson Construction Company ("Simpson") appeals from a judgment in favor of The Patent Scaffolding Co. ("Patent") awarding to Patent judgment for $16,481.09, with interest and costs.
Procedural and Factual Summary
Three insurance companies, United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company, Niagara Fire Insurance Company, and National Fire Insurance Company ("insurers"), brought the action in the name of their insured, Patent, against Simpson and California Institute of Technology ("Caltech") to recover damages for claimed breach of a contract between Patent and Simpson and of a contract between Simpson and Caltech of which Patent claimed to be a third party beneficiary.
Simpson, a general contractor, executed a contract with Caltech to construct a building for Caltech. Simpson entered into a subcontract with Patent whereby Patent was to furnish scaffolding and other equipment for use during construction of the building, to erect the scaffolding and equipment at the job site, and to remove such materials when the job was completed. The written contract, dated November 20, 1959, between Patent and Simpson contained the following paragraph:
"15. FIRE INSURANCE — Subcontractor's work and materials at the site of the project are to be protected from fire loss and damage by insurance procured by the contractor or the owner, without cost to the subcontractor."
During the course of construction a fire of unknown origin destroyed certain items of Patent's equipment and materials at the job site. Prior to the commencement of the action Patent demanded $16,481.09 from Simpson and Caltech to compensate it for its fire loss. Neither Simpson nor Caltech paid Patent for its loss. Simpson did not procure insurance protecting Patent's equipment and materials from fire loss and it did not request or cause Caltech to procure fire insurance upon Patent's materials and equipment.
Prior to Patent's executing the subcontract with Simpson, Patent had procured from the insurers fire insurance on the materials and equipment damaged and destroyed by the fire. The insurers' policies together provided coverage of over $1,000,000 to Patent against loss of its property.
Patent made claims on each of the insurers and the insurers paid Patent the following amounts of money: United States Fidelity and Guaranty and Niagara Fire Insurance Companies paid Patent $5,768.38 each, and National Fire Insurance Company paid $4,944.33, the total of which equaled $16,481.09.
The trial court concluded (1) the insurers were subrogated to Patent's claim upon its contract with Simpson; (2) the insurers were entitled to recover the total sums paid to Patent; (3) the contract between Simpson and Patent was "not a contract merely to obtain fire insurance, but a contract of indemnification against fire loss"; (4) the insurers were not entitled to recover against Caltech, because Patent was not a third party beneficiary of the contract between Simpson and Caltech. Judgment was accordingly entered in favor of the nominal plaintiff, Patent, against Simpson, and in favor of Caltech against Patent. No appeal has been taken from that portion of the judgment in favor of Caltech.
The appeal presents the novel question: Are the insurers who compensated Patent for Patent's fire loss equitably subrogated to Patent's cause of action against Simpson for breach of Simpson's contractual duty either to indemnify Patent for fire loss or to procure fire insurance for Patent's benefit?
Equitable Subrogation Elements
[1] The elements of an insurer's cause of action based upon equitable subrogation are these: (1) The insured has suffered a loss for which the party to be charged is liable, either because the latter is a wrongdoer whose act or omission caused the loss or because he is legally responsible to the insured for the loss caused by the wrongdoer; (2) the insurer, in whole or in part, has compensated the insured for the same loss for which the party to be charged is liable; (3) the insured has an existing, assignable cause of action against the party to be charged, which action the insured could have asserted for his own benefit had he not been compensated for his loss by the insurer; (4) the insurer has suffered damages caused by the act or omission upon which the liability of the party to be charged depends; (5) justice requires that the loss should be entirely shifted from the insurer to the party to be charged, whose equitable position is inferior to that of the insurer; and (6) the insurer's damages are in a stated sum, usually the amount it has paid to its insured, assuming the payment was not voluntary and was reasonable. ( Meyers v. Bank of America Nat. Trust Sav. Assn. (1938) 11 Cal.2d 92 [ 77 P.2d 1084]; Offer v. Superior Court (1924) 194 Cal. 114 [ 228 P. 11]; Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Kleinman (1954) 149 Cal.App.2d 404 [ 308 P.2d 347]; American Alliance Ins. Co. v. Capital Nat. Bank (1946) 75 Cal.App.2d 787 [ 171 P.2d 449]; Harrington v. Central States Fire Ins. Co. (1934) 169 Okla. 255 [ 36 P.2d 738, 96 A.L.R. 859]; In re Future Mfg. Coop., Inc. (N.D. Cal. 1958) 165 F. Supp. 111. See also Justice Traynor's dissenting opinion, Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Starley (1946) 28 Cal.2d 347, 355-356 [ 170 P.2d 448, 166 A.L.R. 198].)
[2] No express assignment of the insured's cause of action is required; equitable subrogation is accomplished by operation of law. However, as in cases of assignment, the equitable subrogee is substituted only in respect of a subrogor's causes of action which are not purely personal and, generally, any defenses or counterclaims which could have been asserted against the subrogor-insured can also be asserted against the subrogee-insurer. ( Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Starley (1946) 28 Cal.2d 347, 351 [ 170 P.2d 448, 166 A.L.R. 198]; Royal Indem. Co. v. Security Truck Lines (1963) 212 Cal.App.2d 61, 65-66 [ 27 Cal.Rptr. 858]; see also Meyers v. Bank of America Nat. Trust Sav. Assn., supra, 11 Cal.2d at p. 94.)
Subrogor's Cause of Action
If Patent had had no insurance to compensate it for its loss, Patent could have recovered damages from Simpson for all detriment proximately caused by Simpson's breach of its contractual duty to indemnify or to procure insurance. (Civ. Code, § 3300; see Dutton Dredge Co. v. United States Fid. Guar. Co. (1934) 136 Cal.App. 574, 581 [ 29 P.2d 316]; see also Transportation Guar. Co., Ltd. v. Jellins (1946) 29 Cal.2d 242, 252-253 [ 174 P.2d 625].)
[3] After Patent was fully compensated for its fire loss, however, could Patent itself have successfully sued Simpson for breach of contract? Patent could recover twice for the same loss only if the "collateral source" rule applies. "When an injured party receives compensation for his losses from a collateral source `wholly independent of the tortfeasor,' such payment generally does not preclude or reduce the damages to which it is entitled from the wrongdoer. (See Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Starley (1946) 28 Cal.2d 347, 349-350 [ 170 P.2d 448, 166 A.L.R. 198]; see also Lewis v. County of Contra Costa (1955) 130 Cal.App.2d 176, 178 [ 278 P.2d 756].)" City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc. (1967) 66 Cal.2d 217, 226 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 337, 424 P.2d 921].) Thus, if Patent sued a person whose negligent or willful act caused the fire which destroyed its property, Patent's compensation from its insurers would neither diminish nor defeat the damages which it could recover from the tortfeasor. ( E.g., City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc., supra, 66 Cal.2d 226-227; Maxwell, The Collateral Source Rule in the American Law of Damages (1962) 46 Minn.L.Rev. 669; Fleming, The Collateral Source Rule and Loss Allocation in Tort Law (1966) 54 Cal.L.Rev. 1478.)
The collateral source rule, however, has not been generally applied in cases founded upon breach of contract, unless the "breach has a tortious or wilful flavor." ( City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc., supra, 66 Cal.2d at p. 227; United Protective Workers v. Ford Motor Co. (7th Cir. 1955) 223 F.2d 49, 54 [48 A.L.R.2d 1285].) The collateral source rule is punitive; contractual damages are compensatory. The collateral source rule, if applied to an action based on breach of contract, would violate the contractual damage rule that no one shall profit more from the breach of an obligation than from its full performance. An application of the collateral source rule is particularly indefensible in a situation in which the injured party potentially could make a treble recovery: one from his insurer, one from a defendant who has undertaken contractual liability for the loss, and one from the wrongdoer. (See Justice Traynor's dissenting opinion in Anheuser Busch, Inc. v. Starley, supra, 28 Cal.2d at pp. 355-356.) We conclude that the collateral source rule would be inapplicable in an action brought by Patent for its own benefit after Patent had been paid by the insurers.
Patent suffered no uncompensated detriment caused by Simpson's breach of contract. It was fully paid for its fire loss. It could not recover the cost of the premiums it had paid to the insurers because it did not incur that expense as a consequence of its contract with Simpson or as a result of Simpson's breach of contract. A breach of contract without damage is not actionable. ( E.g., Hawkins v. Oakland Title Ins. Guar. Co. (1958) 165 Cal.App.2d 116, 122 [ 331 P.2d 742].) Damages are not recoverable which are not causally connected with the breach of a contract. (Civ. Code, § 3300; Southall v. Security Title Ins. etc. Co. (1952) 112 Cal.App.2d 321, 323-324 [ 246 P.2d 74].)
Insurers' Equitable Subrogation
[4a] The fact alone that Patent could not recover from Simpson because Patent suffered no loss does not defeat the insurers' subrogation rights. The insurers' loss can be substituted for Patent's if the insurers' loss was proximately caused by the act or omission of Simpson or one for whose acts or omissions Simpson was vicariously liable. The most common subrogation action is one brought on behalf of an insurer against a wrongdoer whose wrong caused the loss. ( Continental Cas. Co. v. Phoenix Constr. Co. (1956) 46 Cal.2d 423, 429 [ 296 P.2d 801, 57 A.L.R.2d 914]; Offer v. Superior Court, supra, 194 Cal. 114; Royal Indem. Co. v. Security Truck Lines, supra, 212 Cal.App.2d 61.) Liability of the wrongdoer may, of course, be based not only on a tort, but also upon a breach of contract ( e.g., Eads v. Marks (1952) 39 Cal.2d 807 [ 249 P.2d 257]; Chelini v. Nieri (1948) 32 Cal.2d 480 [ 196 P.2d 915]) so long as there exists the necessary causal relationship between the wrong and the damage. ( Cf. City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc., supra, 66 Cal.2d at p. 228.)
The insurers' loss was not caused by Simpson's failure to get insurance or to indemnify Patent. The insurers' loss was caused by the fire, the very risk which each assumed, and Simspon's failure to perform its contractual duty had nothing to do with the fire.
The California cases, with one exception, have not permitted equitable subrogation to insurers whose losses are not causally related to a breach of duty for which the party to be charged may be liable to the insured for a loss compensated by the insurers.
The leading California case is Meyers v. Bank of America Nat. Trust Sav. Assn., supra, 11 Cal.2d 92. The nominal plaintiff, Meyers, employed an office manager, who forged Meyers' name upon checks payable to Meyers, negotiated the checks to defendant Wascher, who paid full value therefor. The manager converted the proceeds to his own use. Wascher deposited the checks in his bank account with the defendant bank, which thereafter presented them to the respective drawee banks and received full payment for them. The insurance company prosecuting the action in Meyers' name had executed a fidelity bond indemnifying Meyers against all loss which might result from the wrongful acts of Meyers' office manager. When the office manager's dishonesty was discovered, the insurance company reimbursed Meyers for the loss and commenced this action against Wascher's bank. The Supreme Court reversed judgment in favor of the nominal plaintiff, holding that the insurance company was not equitably subrogated to Meyers' collateral cause of action.
The court concluded: "Here, the indemnitor has discharged its primary contract liability. It has paid what it contracted to pay, and has retained to its own use the premiums and benefits of such contracts. It now seeks to recover from the bank the amount thus paid. It must be conceded that the bank is an innocent third party, whose duty to the employer was based upon an entirely different theory of contract, with which the indemnitor was not in privity. Neither the indemnitor nor the bank was the wrongdoer, but by independent contract obligation each was liable to the employer. In equity, it cannot be said that the satisfaction by the bonding company of its primary liability should entitle it to recover against the bank upon a totally different liability." (11 Cal.2d at 102.) (Accord: Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Kleinman, supra, 149 Cal.App.2d 404; J.G. Boswell Co. v. W.D. Felder Co. (1951) 103 Cal.App.2d 767 [ 230 P.2d 386]; and American Alliance Ins. Co. v. Capital Nat. Bank, supra, 75 Cal.App.2d at pp. 791-794.)
The court in Meyers relied upon a case which provides an even closer analogy to the facts in our case. In New York Title Mortg. Co. v. First Nat. Bank (8th Cir. 1931) 51 F.2d 485 [77 A.L.R. 1052], a loan broker, through forgeries and misrepresentations, procured title insurance policies by which a loan association was guaranteed against loss by reason of defects in the mortgagor's title to described real property securing loans. The purported borrower was fictitious. When the broker received a check from the loan association, he forged the name of the payee, deposited it in the drawee bank and converted the proceeds to his own use. The bank thereupon charged the amount of the check to the account of the loan company. The title insurer paid the loss to the loan company and brought suit against the bank for the amount so paid. The court in Meyers quoted with approval from the opinion in New York Title: "`Plaintiff's payment to the loan company was a discharge of its primary contract liability. . . . Plaintiff paid the loan company only what it contracted primarily to do, but now, retaining the premiums or benefit of its contract, it seeks reimbursement from the bank, on the theory that the bank, under a wholly separate and independent contract, was liable to the loan company for having paid checks on forged indorsements. . . . If we assume that neither the plaintiff nor the bank was the wrongdoer, but, by independent contract obligation, each was liable to the loan company, then the satisfaction of such primary liability by the plaintiff would not give rise to a right to recover against the bank under the doctrine of subrogation, the bank not being a wrongdoer. . . . In our view, the equities in favor of the defendant bank constitute an insuperable barrier to plaintiff's right of recovery.' (Italics added.)" (11 Cal.2d at pp. 97-98.)
In the New York Title case, as here, there were two independent contracts, each obligating the contractors to assume liability for the same risk: one contract between the loan company and its insurer indemnifying the loan company from loss caused by forgery, and another contract between the loan company and its bank by which the bank covenanted not to pay its depositor's money upon forged endorsements, for breach of which the bank was liable to indemnify its depositor for the loss. The loss occurred. The insurance company paid and the bank did not. The bank was a "wrongdoer" in the sense that it breached its contract with its depositor, but the bank's breach did not cause the loss. The forger was the miscreant.
There are factual distinctions between Meyers, American Alliance Insurance, New York Title and the case at bench, but they are distinctions without a real difference. We can see no reason why a fidelity insurance bond for this purpose should be different from a fire insurance policy, or why a bank's contract to hold its depositor harmless from loss if it paid upon a forged endorsement is different from Simpson's contract to indemnify or to obtain insurance to indemnify Patent from a fire loss.
The language used in these cases is the verbiage of equity. The lack of any causal connection between the defendant's breach of contract and the insurer's loss is not specifically articulated, but it is implicit in the discussion of the comparative equities of the parties. The rule in equitable phraseology is this: [5] Where two parties are contractually bound by independent contracts to indemnify the same person for the same loss, the payment by one of them to his indemnitee does not create in him equities superior to the nonpaying indemnitor, justifying subrogation, if the latter did not cause or participate in causing the loss.
[4b] The insurers understandably rely heavily upon the one California case permitting an insurer equitable subrogation to its insured's cause of action upon an independent contract: Meyer Koulish Co., Inc. v. Cannon (1963) 213 Cal.App.2d 419 [ 28 Cal.Rptr. 757]. The insurer of a consignor brought suit in its consignor-insured's name upon a contract between the consignor and the defendant consignees which placed the risk of loss from all hazards upon the consignees for consigned jewelry until the jewelry was returned to the consignor. Without any fault of the consignees the jewelry was stolen from the baggage room of a railroad. The court cited Meyers v. Bank of America Nat. Trust Sav. Assn., supra, 11 Cal.2d 92; Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Kleinman, supra, 149 Cal.App.2d 404; J.G. Boswell Co. v. W.D. Felder Co., supra, 103 Cal.App.2d 767; and American Alliance Ins. Co. v. Capital Nat. Bank, supra, 75 Cal.App.2d 787, and disposed of those cases simply by stating that they were "distinguishable from the present factual situation." (213 Cal.App.2d at p. 425.) After citing assorted cases from jurisdictions other than California, the court concluded: "Appellants were parties to an express contract whereby they assumed responsibility for the loss of the goods of the respondents. They thereby accepted primary liability and it cannot be said that appellants stand on equal footing with the insurance company. The equities in this matter do not balance but preponderate in favor of the insurer of the bailor." (213 Cal.App.2d at p. 429.) The court does not explain why the insurance company's acceptance of the risk of loss was any different from the consignees' acceptance of the risk of loss or why the consignees' liability was "primary" whereas, presumably, the insurance company's was not. No explanation was offered for its conclusion that the equities preponderated in favor of the insurance company. The court did not discuss the causal connection between the breach of the consignees' contract to assume the loss and the payment by the insurer to its insured upon its policy.
The conclusion of the court in the Meyer Koulish case cannot be squared with the decision by the California Supreme Court in Meyers v. Bank of America Trust Sav. Assn., and it is out of line with the other California decisions dealing with directly analogous problems.
Upon the facts in this case no public policy is perceivably served by shifting the entire loss from the insurers to Simpson. The shifting of loss is not a deterrent to wrongdoing, as it may be in cases permitting subrogation against a tortfeasor. ( City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc., supra, 66 Cal. 2d at p. 227.) Imposition of the loss upon Simpson would be punitive, and punishment is not the objective of contractual damages. ( City of Salinas v. Souza McCue Constr. Co., Inc., supra; see also United Protective Workers v. Ford Motor Co., supra, 223 F.2d at p. 54; In re Future Mfg. Coop., Inc., supra, 165 F. Supp. 111, 113.) If subrogation were permitted, the insurers who have accepted premiums to cover the very loss which occurred receive a windfall. There is no evidence in this record that the insurers' acceptance of the risk or their determination of the cost to the insured of the insurance policies was based in any way upon the terms of Simpson's contract with Patent. The contest is not between two insurance companies, each of which has received premiums for bearing the loss which ultimately occurred, but between insurers and a general contractor who received no independent consideration for the assumption of the risk. The insurers, being in the insurance business, are in a position effectively to spread the risk and to gauge their premiums upon their loss experience. Upon the evidence in the record we are unable to say that Simpson occupies a similar position.
We are aware that the denial of equitable subrogation to the insurers compels the insurers to bear the entire loss and that Simpson is relieved of a responsibility which it solemnly assumed. The result appears to reward delay in the payment of just claims because had Simpson first paid, it likewise would be denied equitable subrogation against the insurers. The conclusion in either event does not have the symmetry of perfect justice. The result, however, is not materially different from many other situations in which a person who has suffered a loss for which more than one person is liable may select one from their number to satisfy the obligation, thereby relieving the remaining parties of their liability. For example, had neither the insurers nor Simpson paid, Patent could have sued both and could have levied execution against either without a right of contribution by the other. ( Weinberg Co. v. Heller (1925) 73 Cal.App. 769, 779 [ 239 P. 358].)
For discussions of the problems and suggested methods of approach, see King, Subrogation Under Contracts Insuring Property (1951) 30 Tex. L.Rev. 62; Langmaid, Some Recent Subrogation Problems in the Law of Suretyship and Insurance (1934) 47 Harv.L.Rev. 976; Note, Subrogation of the Insurer to Collateral Rights of the Insured (1928) 28 Colum.L.Rev. 202.
While from the point of view of the debtors Patent's power of selection reduces a sure thing to a fifty-fifty proposition, it does not change the basic injustice that eventually one of the number may have to bear the entire loss.
The answer probably lies in the fact that all parties below approached the problem on an "all-or-nothing" basis. Had the insurers claimed equitable contribution rather than equitable subrogation, and had they succeeded in establishing what kind and amount of insurance coverage would have satisfied Simpson's contractual obligation, they may have succeeded in bringing themselves within the principle established in Continental Cas. Co. v. Zurich Ins. Co. (1961) 57 Cal.2d 27, 35-38 [ 17 Cal.Rptr. 12, 366 P.2d 455]. The equitable-contribution principle requires an equitable distribution of the loss among those who share liability for it. Equitable contribution cannot be applied to this case because the facts necessary to state a claim based upon that theory were neither pleaded nor proved.
The judgment is reversed.
Kaus, P.J., and Stephens, J., concurred.
A petition for a rehearing was denied December 26, 1967, and respondent's petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied January 25, 1968. Sullivan, J., was of the opinion that the petition should be granted.


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text:
package com.thinkbiganalytics.file.parsers.csv;

import org.apache.commons.csv.CSVFormat;
import org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParser;
import org.apache.commons.csv.CSVRecord;
import org.apache.commons.csv.QuoteMode;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**
 * Infers CSV format for a sample file
 */

public class CSVAutoDetect {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CSVAutoDetect.class);

    /*
    private static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Map<K, V> sortMapByValue(Map<K, V> map) {

        return map.entrySet()
            .stream()
            .sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByValue(Collections.reverseOrder()))
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(
                Map.Entry::getKey,
                Map.Entry::getValue,
                (e1, e2) -> e1,
                LinkedHashMap::new
            ));
    }

*/

    private CSVRecord firstRecord;

    public interface Predicate<T> {
        boolean apply(T type);
    }

    private static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Map<K, V> sortMapByValue(Map<K, V> map) {
        List<Map.Entry<K,V>> list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet());
        Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {
            public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
                return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())
                    .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());
            }
        });

        Map<K,V> sortedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap();
        for(Map.Entry<K,V> item: list) {
            sortedHashMap.put(item.getKey(), item.getValue());
        }
        return sortedHashMap;
    }

    private <E> boolean allMatch(List<E> list, Predicate<E> predicate){
        boolean allMatch = false;
        for(E e:list){
            if(predicate.apply(e)){
                allMatch = true;
            }
            else {
                allMatch = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        return allMatch;
    }

    private <E> boolean anyMatch(List<E> list, Predicate<E> predicate){
        boolean match = false;
        for(E e:list){
            if(predicate.apply(e)){
                match = true;
                break;
            }

        }
        return match;
    }

    public class HasQuotePredicate implements Predicate<LineStats> {
        private Character quoteChar;
        public HasQuotePredicate(Character quoteChar){
            this.quoteChar = quoteChar;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean apply(LineStats type) {
            return type.hasLegalQuotedStringOfChar(this.quoteChar);
        }
    }

    public class ContainsNoDelimCharOfTypePredicate implements Predicate<LineStats> {
        private Character quoteChar;
        public ContainsNoDelimCharOfTypePredicate(Character quoteChar){
            this.quoteChar = quoteChar;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean apply(LineStats type) {
            return type.containsNoDelimCharOfType(this.quoteChar);
        }
    }

    public class CSVRecordSizePredicate implements Predicate<CSVRecord> {
        private int size;
        public CSVRecordSizePredicate(int size){
            this.size =size;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean apply(CSVRecord record) {
            return record.size() == size;
        }
    }

    public  List<String> getHeader(){
        List<String> headers = new LinkedList<>();
        if(firstRecord != null){
            for(int i =0; i<firstRecord.size();i++){
                headers.add(firstRecord.get(i));
            }
        }
        return headers;
    }

    /**
     * Parses a sample file to allow schema specification when creating a new feed.
     *
     * @param sampleText the sample text
     * @return A configured parser
     * @throws IOException If there is an error parsing the sample file
     */
    public CSVFormat detectCSVFormat(String sampleText, boolean headerRow, String seperatorStr) throws IOException {
        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withAllowMissingColumnNames();
        Character separatorChar = null;
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(seperatorStr)) {
            separatorChar = seperatorStr.charAt(0);
        }
        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new StringReader(sampleText))) {
            List<LineStats> lineStats = generateStats(br, separatorChar);
            Character quote = guessQuote(lineStats);
            Character delim = guessDelimiter(lineStats, sampleText, quote, headerRow);
            if (delim == null) {
                throw new IOException("Unrecognized format");
            }
            format = format.withDelimiter(delim);
            format = format.withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.MINIMAL).withQuote(quote);
        }
        return format;
    }

    private List<LineStats> generateStats(BufferedReader br, Character separatorChar) throws IOException {
        List<LineStats> lineStats = new Vector<>();
        String line;
        int rows = 0;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null && rows < 100) {
            LineStats stats = new LineStats(line, separatorChar);
            rows++;
            lineStats.add(stats);
        }
        return lineStats;
    }

    private boolean hasEscapes(List<LineStats> lineStats) {
        for (LineStats lineStat : lineStats) {
            if (lineStat.escapes) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private Character guessQuote(List<LineStats> lineStats) {
        Character[] quoteTypeSupported = {Character.valueOf('"'), Character.valueOf('\'')};
        boolean match = false;
        for (Character quoteType : quoteTypeSupported) {
            boolean quoteTypeFound = anyMatch(lineStats,new ContainsNoDelimCharOfTypePredicate(quoteType));
            if (quoteTypeFound) {
                match = allMatch(lineStats,new HasQuotePredicate(quoteType));
            }
            if (match) {
                return quoteType;
            }
        }
        return CSVFormat.DEFAULT.getQuoteCharacter();
    }

    private Character guessDelimiter(List<LineStats> lineStats, String value, Character quote, boolean headerRow) throws IOException {

        // Assume delimiter exists in first line and compare to subsequent lines
        if (lineStats.size() > 0) {
            LineStats firstLineStat = lineStats.get(0);
            Map<Character, Integer> firstLineDelimCounts = firstLineStat.calcDelimCountsOrdered();
            if (firstLineDelimCounts != null && firstLineDelimCounts.size() > 0) {
                List<Character> candidates = new ArrayList<>();
                // Attempt to parse given delimiter
                Set<Character> firstLineDelimKeys = sortDelimitersIntoPreferredOrder(firstLineDelimCounts.keySet());
                for (Character delim : firstLineDelimKeys) {
                    CSVFormat format;
                    if (headerRow) {
                        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withFirstRecordAsHeader().withDelimiter(delim).withQuote(quote);
                    } else {
                        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(delim).withQuote(quote);
                    }
                    try (StringReader sr = new StringReader(value)) {
                        try (CSVParser parser = format.parse(sr)) {
                            if (parser.getHeaderMap() != null) {
                                int size = parser.getHeaderMap().size();
                                List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
                                if(records != null) {
                                    firstRecord = records.get(0);
                                }
                                boolean match = allMatch(records, new CSVRecordSizePredicate(size));
                                if (match) {
                                    return delim;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Integer delimCount = firstLineDelimCounts.get(delim);
                    boolean match = true;
                    for (int i = 1; i < lineStats.size() && match; i++) {
                        LineStats thisLine = lineStats.get(i);
                        Integer rowDelimCount = thisLine.delimStats.get(delim);
                        match = delimCount.equals(rowDelimCount);
                    }
                    if (match) {
                        candidates.add(delim);
                    }
                }
                if (candidates.size() > 0) {
                    // All agree on a single delimiter
                    if (candidates.size() == 1) {
                        return candidates.get(0);
                    } else {
                        int count = 0;
                        // Return highest delimiter from candidates
                        for (Character delim : firstLineDelimKeys) {
                            if (candidates.get(count++) != null) {
                                return delim;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    final private static String delimiterPreference = ",\t;:|~+ ";

    /**
     * Using data-gov as a guide for choice in delimiter preference, this method will take
     * a set of delimiters and sort them into a preferred order for CSV parsing.
     *
     * @implNote see https://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/CSV_files_use_delimiters_other_than_commas
     * @param delimiters
     */
    private SortedSet<Character> sortDelimitersIntoPreferredOrder(Set<Character> delimiters) {
        SortedSet<Character> sortedDelimiters = new TreeSet<>(
            new Comparator<Character>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(Character o1, Character o2) {
                    int o1Idx = delimiterPreference.indexOf(o1);
                    int o1Pos = (o1Idx == -1)?(delimiterPreference.length() + o1):(o1Idx);
                    int o2Idx = delimiterPreference.indexOf(o2);
                    int o2Pos = (o2Idx == -1)?(delimiterPreference.length() + o2):(o2Idx);
                    return o1Pos - o2Pos;
                }
            });

        sortedDelimiters.addAll(delimiters);
        return sortedDelimiters;
    }

    static class LineStats {

        Map<Character, Integer> delimStats = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Map<Character, Integer> nonDelimStats = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
        Character lastChar;
        boolean escapes;
        Character firstDelim;

        /**
         * @param line              the line to evaluate
         * @param suppliedDelimiter the explicit delimiter supplied by the user, or null if not defined
         */
        public LineStats(String line, final Character suppliedDelimiter) {
            // Look for delimiters
            char[] chars = line.toCharArray();
            String delimiterString = " :;|\t+~";
            String nonDelimiterString = "\"'<>\\";

            if (suppliedDelimiter != null) {
                delimiterString += Character.toString(suppliedDelimiter);
            }

            char[] delimiters = delimiterString.toCharArray();
            char[] nonDelimiters = nonDelimiterString.toCharArray();

            for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
                char c = chars[i];

                boolean found = false;
                for (char delim : delimiters) {
                    if (c == delim) {
                        increment(delim, true);
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!found) {
                    for (char delim : nonDelimiters) {
                        if (c == delim) {
                            increment(delim, false);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        boolean containsNoDelimCharOfType(Character quoteType) {
            Integer count = nonDelimStats.get(quoteType);
            return (count != null);
        }

        boolean hasLegalQuotedStringOfChar(Character quoteType) {
            Integer count = nonDelimStats.get(quoteType);
            return (count == null || count.intValue() % 2 == 0);
        }

        private void increment(Character c, boolean delim) {
            if (delim) {
                if (lastChar == null || (lastChar != '\\') || (lastChar == '\\' && c == '\\')) {
                    Integer val = delimStats.get(c);
                    val = (val == null ? 1 : val.intValue() + 1);
                    if (val == 1) {
                        firstDelim = c;
                    }
                    delimStats.put(c, val);
                } else {
                    escapes = true;
                }
            } else {
                Integer val = nonDelimStats.get(c);
                val = (val == null ? 1 : val.intValue() + 1);
                nonDelimStats.put(c, val);
            }
            lastChar = c;
        }

        public Map<Character, Integer> calcDelimCountsOrdered() {
            return sortMapByValue(delimStats);
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Підривка покрівлі (підошви) (, ;  — виймання порід покрівлі (підошви) пласта корисної копалини (прохідницьким комбайном, відбійними молотками, шляхом буропідривних робіт) у межах контуру поперечного перерізу виробки, встановленого паспортом її проходження і кріплення.

Коефіцієнт підривання бокових порід

Коефіцієнт підривання бокових порід — відношення величини площі породної частини вибою до загальної площі змішаного вибою.

Див. також
 Підривання

Література

Прохідницькі роботи

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tammy was the woman who dreaded starting over so much that she stayed with Josh, a certified loser. But she finally realized it was time to move on. Now that she's starting over, she wants to know where to meet men. She can't afford dating services or health clubs. Here's what you advised . . .
Samantha: "I've had the best luck meeting guys through a photo personal ad on America Online. It seems hokey, but the results are outstanding. I've had my ad on-line for 14 months, and I've had over 1,300 responses. I'm having a ball! You need to weed through the jerks, whether you meet them on-line or in a bar, and you have to remember that there's no rule that they can't lie to you in either place. But the nice part about an on-line ad is that you get to choose who you go out with."
Brad: "I have several ideas for Tammy. 1) If she commutes to work, the train, bus, etc. are excellent places to strike up a conversation. 2) She should go back to college. Not only would she be advancing her education, she could run into Mr. Right. 3) She should go to bartending school and get a part-time job bartending. She could be in the bars and making money. All female bartenders get asked out. 4) I met my wife at work. 5) I have met numerous interesting people at church. Bingo and fundraisers attract people of all sorts, including singles."
Joclyn: "Meet men on-line!! My more traditional girlfriends think it's strange, but I'm out all the time with one nice guy or another while they are sitting home brooding. Computers are so cheap now, and most people on-line are sincere and intelligent. Sure, you need to be careful, but I'm a lot safer meeting men this way than at some pick-up joint!"
Lana: "With the constant encouragement of several friends who were successful in the world of personal ads, I placed one. A month later, after being completely overwhelmed with responses, I met the man of my dreams and we are very much in love and are currently living together. Warning: there are a lot of weirdos out there, so use your head: always carry a cell phone, don't give out your home address or phone number, always meet in a public setting, keep it brief--NO DINNER!! just drinks or dessert--and always let one person know exactly where you're going!"
Guy: "I am sick and tired of women who say that they can't meet nice guys. Nice guys are in abundance; all Tammy has to do is look around. Nice guys, like any group, run the gamut from ugly to pretty, rich to poor, and educated to ignorant, so Tammy does not have to settle for some troll. The best way for Tammy to meet nice guys is to get involved in activities that genuinely interest her. Besides meeting men who share common interests, she's doing things that she enjoys and building a lifestyle that does not depend on someone else's validation. Don't discount a guy just because he doesn't have a catchy line or because he is nervous. Talk to them and, most importantly, listen to them. If he doesn't approach first, take a chance and approach him. Allow a guy more than five minutes before deciding how far she wants to go with him. A young girl will go for a flashy guy, and vice versa, while a smart woman realizes that quality is about depth.
What effect did holiday office parties have on your relationship? Send your tales, along with your relationship questions, to Cheryl Lavin, Tales from the Front, Chicago Tribune, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 or e-mail CLavin@tribune.com. All names are changed. Please include day and evening phone numbers. Letters may be used in whole or in part for any purpose and become the property of the column. Read Tales from the Front every Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday in Tempo.


text:
Montchavin is een skidorp in het Franse wintersportgebied La Plagne, deel van Paradiski. Het bevindt zich tussen 1180 en 1320 meter boven zeeniveau op het grondgebied van de gemeente La Plagne Tarentaise in het departement Savoie. Montchavin werd in 1972 opgericht op de plaats van een verlaten gehucht. Onder Montchavin ligt het gehucht Montorlin, erboven het wat jongere skidorp Les Coches, waarmee het vaak onder een noemer, Montchavin-Les-Coches, wordt genoemd. De drie gehuchten worden ontsloten door de D225 die opklimt vanuit Landry naar Col du Carroley. Samen tellen Montchavin en Les Coches zo'n 12.000 bedden. Montchavin is een van de drie laagste punten van het skigebied, naast Montalbert en Champagny.

La Plagne Tarentaise
Skidorp in La Plagne


This checkin to GC54F7V Oxford Steganography #5 - Secret Bonus Cache reflects a geocaching.com log entry. See more of Dan's cache logs.
Has now been removed, as it's no longer possible to get all of the clues needed to find it. Thanks for playing!
What a great hiding place! From the logbook, looks like I was the second cacher here today. TNLN, TFTC!


text:
School Accreditation: HLC
School Type: Public, Non-Profit
Online Degrees Available at Eastern Illinois University
All Bachelor's Master's Certificate
Bachelor's Degrees (8)
Bachelor of Arts in Communication in Organizations
Bachelor of Arts in General Studies - Child Care Education Option
Bachelor of Science in Business in Business Administration
Bachelor of Science in Health Communication
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN)
Bachelor of Science in Organizational Development
Master of Arts in Aging Studies
Master of Arts in Art
Master of Arts in Art - Art Education
Master of Arts in Art - Community Arts
Master of Arts in Communication Studies - Communication and Leadership
Master of Arts in English - Literary Studies
Master of Arts in English - Literary Studies: Creative Writing
Master of Arts in English - Literary Studies: Rhetoric and Composition
Master of Arts in History - Online Option for Teachers
Master of Arts in Music - Music Education Concentration
Master of Arts in Political Science - Public Administration & Public Policy
Master of Business Administration - Applied Management Option
Master of Business Administration - Geographic Information Systems Option
Master of Science in Cybersecurity
Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction
Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction - Curriculum Leadership
Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction - Reading
Master of Science in Education in Special Education
Master of Science in Health Promotion and Leadership
Master of Science in Higher Education and Community College
Master of Science in Human Services Program Administration
Master of Science in Nutrition & Dietetics - Nutrition Education
Master of Science in Talent Development
Certificate & Diplomas (4)
Certificate in Public Planning
Graduate Certificate in Communication Processes
Graduate Certificate in Reading Instruction
Graduate Certificate in the Teaching of Writing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
eBooks "Queen Elizabeth II"
1262 eBooks were found for the search term "Queen Elizabeth II".
Danny Wilder Chef auf der Queen Elizabeth 2
"Es gibt Jahre ohne Gesicht, man hat wenig oder gar kein Geld in der Tasche, weiß nichts besonders anzufangen an Land, da packt einem das Verlangen auf See zu fahren und den wässrigen Teil der Welt zu sehen". (Zitat, Moby Dick, Herman Melville) Wie oft sehen, hören und lesen wir Geschichten über die sogenannten Traumschiffe. Diese gibt es zweifelsfrei und die Nachfrage auf solchen Schiffen den Urlaub zu verbringen nimmt jährlich zu. Doch wie ist es dort zu arbeiten? Wie geht es zu in einer Küche, die wöchentlich ca. 50.000 Essen zubereitet? Wie ist das Leben der Crew an Bord eines Giganten der Meere? Nun ich habe das erlebt im Jahre 1987 auf der Queen Elizabeth 2, dem damals größten Schiff der Welt. Das FLaggschiff der CUNARD Reederei. Wahre Geschichten über das Leben an Bord werden eventuell den Blickwinkel auf diese Art zu Reisen verändern, doch das alles fand vor 27 Jahren statt und es ist durchaus möglich, dass sich die Situation auf den neuen Mega Linern verbessert und verändert hat. Gehen sie mit mir nun an Bord und erleben Sie den Alltag mit mir. [more][Less]
Keywords: QE2, Meer, Bermudas, New York, Abenteuer, Sturm, Harte Arbeit, Queen Elizabeth2
LUCY AIKIN MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF QUEEN ELIZABETH
Lucy Aikin (6 November 1781 – 29 January 1864), born at Warrington, England into a distinguished literary family of prominent Unitarians, was a historical writer.Lucy Aikin was born into a family of writers, the most well known of whom was her paternal aunt, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, a woman of letters who wrote poetry and essays as well as early children's literature. Lucy's father, Dr. John Aikin, was a medical doctor, historian, and author. Her grandfather, also called John Aikin (1713–1780), was a Unitarian scholar and theological tutor, closely associated with Warrington Academy. Lucy's brother was Arthur Aikin (1773–1854), chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer; their brother Charles Rochemont (1775–1847) was adopted by their famous aunt and brought up as their cousin; he became a doctor and chemist. Lucy was educated by her father and her aunt, an early critic of the education system. She "read widely in English, French, Italian, and Latin literature and history",[1] and began writing for magazines at the age of seventeen,[2] and at an early age assisted her father as an editor in his writings as well.[3] [more][Less]
The Much Hon. Lady Karen Atkins Of Glencoe Scotland Catherine Elizabeth Duchess of Cambridge Future Queen Of London England
Majestic - Characterized by or possessing majesty; of lofty dignity or imposing aspect; stately; grand: the majestic Alps. Also, ma·jes·ti·cal. Majestic If you describe something or someone as majestic, you think they are very beautiful, dignified, and impressive. Definition of majestic : Majestic things display great dignity, befit a great ruler, or are simply far superior to everyday stuff. Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (Catherine Elizabeth "Kate"; née Middleton; born 9 January 1982), is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. William is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Elizabeth II, as monarch of 16 Commonwealth realms (his father, Charles, Prince of Wales, precedes him). Upon William's accession, Catherine would become queen consort. Catherine grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010, and she attended many high-profile royal events before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Catherine has had a major impact upon British fashion which has been termed the "Kate Middleton effect", and in 2012, was selected as one of The 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time magazine. On 3 December 2012, St James's Palace announced that the Duchess was expecting her first child. She was admitted to hospital in early labour on the morning of 22 July 2013, and gave birth to Prince George of Cambridge on the same day. [more][Less]
PAUL HENTZNER, FRAGMENTA REGALIA Travels in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth
Paul Hentzner (January 29, 1558 – January 1, 1623) was a German lawyer who published an account of his travels in England during the late Elizabethan era. Hentzner was born in Crossen, in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. In 1596, he became tutor to a young Silesian nobleman, and the following year they set out on a three-year tour of Switzerland, France, England, and Italy. In 1612, Hentzner published an account of his travels in Latin as Itinerarium Germaniae, Galliae, Angliae, Italiae, cum Indice Locorum, Rerum atque Verborum. [more][Less]
Paul Hentzner , Fragmenta Regalia Travels in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth
Paul Hentzner (January 29, 1558 – January 1, 1623) was a German lawyer who published an account of his travels in England during the late Elizabethan era.Hentzner was born in Crossen, in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. [more][Less]
Elizabeth Barrett Browning The Letters Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Volume II
Since they first settled in Florence the Brownings had made no long or distant expeditions from their new home. Their summer excursions to Vallombrosa, Lucca, or Siena had been of the nature of short holidays, and had not taken them beyond the limits of Tuscany. Now they had planned a far wider series of travels, which, beginning with Rome, Naples, Venice, and Milan, should then be extended across the Alps, and comprehend Brussels, Paris, and ultimately London. [more][Less]
Elizabeth Barrett Browning The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Volume II
Elizabeth Barrett Browning was one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era. Her poetry was widely popular in both Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Wikipedia Born: March 6, 1806, Kelloe, United Kingdom Died: June 29, 1861, Florence, Italy Spouse: Robert Browning (m. 1846–1861) Children: Robert Barrett Browning Movies: The Cry of the Children [more][Less]
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (/ˈbraʊnɪŋ/; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era. Her poetry was widely popular in both Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Born in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett was educated at hom [more][Less]
Maria Girina Elizabeth
Psychisch nicht normal
>>Diese Geschichte ist abgeschlossen - Buch des Monats August 2015
Keywords: Liebe, sadismus, Amaxophobie, Autounfall, Mobbing, Wettkampf, Regeln, Bindung, Angst, Gewalt, Jugendliche, Schule
S. A. Reilly Our Legal Heritage The First Thousand Years: 600 - 1600 King Aethelbert - Queen Elizabeth
Clans, Headed By Kings, Lived In Huts On Top Of Hills Or Other High Places And Fortified By Circular Or Rectangular Earth Banks Behind Which They Could Gather With Their Herds For Protection. They Lived In Circular Huts With Wood Posts In A Circle Supporting A Roof. The Walls Were Of Wood And/Or Mud And Straw. Sometimes There Were Stalls For Cattle. Cooking Was In A Clay Oven Inside Or Over An Open Fire On The Outside. Forests Abounded With Wolves, Bears, Wild Boars, And Wild Cattle. [more][Less]


We, the loyal international users of hardware and software produced by Apple Computer Inc. are dismayed by the U.S. centric view of the Management of the aforementioned corporation.
U.S. only features such as iPhoto's hardback album ordering system and various sections of Sherlock 3 are not available should the customer live in a country other than the United States.
The recent announcement of iTunes 4 and the accompanying music service was met with great excitement by the international Macintosh community, but yet again we were let down as the ability to buy music from countries other than the U.S. is not available, and it is not clear whether this will ever be the case.
We pay the same figures for our Apple hardware and accompanying software as United States citizens, but the software feature set is becoming increasingly frustratingly crippled for us.
We demand that Apple Computer Inc. take a much more serious stance on supporting the 50\% of their customers who abide in countries other than the United States.
Please consider making a small donation today. This will allow us to keep Apple Features for International Users alive and available to a wide audience.


I don't know if you saw the announcement this morning from Sprint, but Sprint is using Parallels for cloud services - for Sprint's Carefree Cloud service and IT Helpdesk offerings.
"Bringing Office 365 to market quickly required close collaboration with Parallels and the deployment of its service delivery system, Parallels Automation. This comprehensive solution enables many of the features and use cases that differentiate Sprint's productivity suites in the marketplace."
I really like this: "This collaboration builds upon the expanding portfolio of cloud-based solutions that Sprint has been focused on launching this year. This portfolio includes Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) planned for launch in late 2012 and Sprint Complete Collaboration, a Unified-Communications-as-a-Service (UCaaS) solution launched earlier this year. Sprint also is delivering an innovative private-label cloud services platform to wholesale customers today, enabling them to quickly deliver simple and affordable brand-name software services to SMBs."
Sprint's IAAS will be delivered through a partner, CSC. For speed to market, companies are leveraging other companies that are already in the market delivering services (or they buy them). There is a tremendous CAPEX behind do-it-yourself cloud - servers, switches, routers, power, bandwidth- and expertise. It is cheaper to buy it than build it.
"Sprint Complete Collaboration bundles all elements needed to deploy UC, including: connectivity through SIP Trunking, IP and video telephony, integrated messaging, collaboration tools, user endpoints and enhanced mobile integration." This is a Hosted Cisco offering, which is strange considering that Sprint offers an FMC (fixed mobile convergence) service via a mixture of MVNO, MPLS and Broadsoft.
While it is smart to be offering cloud services, the challenge will be deployment and on-boarding customers. That is where the rubber meets the road.


The Titan Kronus 1 controls temperature and humidity in your grow area at your preferred settings. The Kronus 1 activates an exhaust fan, AC unit, or dehumidifier if the temperature or humidity exceeds the preferred setting. Plug in your exhaust fan into the "exhaust fan output" to control your temperature, and plug a dehumidifier into the "dehumidify output" to keep your humidity in check. Comes complete with 25' modular remote temp and humidity sensor.


Our wholesale minimum requirement is now $50.00 per order with no item minimums.
Retail Shoppers: Click here to purchase products at Retail Prices.
Click Here if you wish to REGISTER for a Wholesale Account .
All prices listed are Retail until you Login using your assigned User Name and Password. Registered Users, please LOGIN. If you wish to Register for a Wholesale Account, please CLICK for WHOLESALE REGISTRATION. Simply complete the Online Registration Form and provide a copy of your State Sales Tax Certificate to complete the registration process. You will receive an e-mail indicating that your application has been received, and then another e-mail when your application has been approved. Call 1-800-881-8144 for Assistance.
Our linens are perfect for those who wish to add their own embellishment, Imprint, or Embroidery, or for those who prefer elegant simplicity in their linens. We offer easy and secure online shopping through our Secure Server. Most orders ship on the next business day.


This lovely indoor/outdoor rug features an artistry of flowers in a unique illustrative design. Its large size and vibrant colors will look wonderful on a deck, patio or among your living room furniture. The all weather durability will tie any space together as you place your furniture on or around it to create the perfect hangout spot.


We hosted the Children's Summit yesterday and had about 130 participants representing agencies, charities, and faith-based groups throughout the county. The day featured presentations about changes that have been made to the legal system to make it non-adversarial, to decrease the amount of time needed for a child to find permanence (less foster care), to encourage families to take ownership of their problems and assist in the resolution of them, to decrease truancy, to encourage fathers to become more involved in their children's lives, and lastly to harness the faith-based community to help in the process.
As you know, we've launched Mustard Seed Missions of Venango County in order to utilize the resources (primarily volunteers) of our churches to help people whom CYS has referred to our organization for help. The help will include transportation, mentoring, and various repair projects designed to help kids (primarily) avoid being put into the system by helping their families to become better integrated in their community and connected churches where they can find acceptance and support.
There is a mountain of work left to go, but the journey has begun.
Thanks to all who have helped thus far, God bless you.


Last November, state technology offices asked the White House Office of Management and Budget to "harmonize" confusing and inconsistent federal regulations that, state leaders argued, waste agency resources. On Wednesday, Oklahoma Chief Information Officer James "Bo" Reese revisited the topic before a U.S. House subcommittee, saying some progress has been made.
In his prepared testimony, Reese pointed to the expansive list of federal regulations state agencies must adhere to — including from the FBI, Internal Revenue Service and Social Security Administration — that pull resources away from other operations, including cybersecurity. The situation compromises state governments' efficiency and their ability to meet their primary goals, he said.
"Federal data security regulations and accompanying audits have not kept pace with changing state government IT business models and are increasingly hindering the ability of state CIOs to streamline processes and deliver savings to state taxpayers," Reese said.
Also testifying was Oliver Sherouse, a policy analyst for the Mercatus Center, a libertarian think tank at George Mason University. Sherouse described his group's technology designed to help legislators better understand and address the vast breadth of federal regulations faced by state government, businesses, healthcare institutions, banks and other organizations.
Reese, who's also the president of the National Association of State Chief Information Officers, cited his state's and others' struggles in regulatory compliance: Oklahoma, he said, spends 10,712 hours each year on compliance; Maine spent 11,160 hours responding to six federal regulatory audits; Kansas estimated it spends 14,580 managing federal audits and compliance every three years; and Colorado estimated 2,760 hours annually.
"We'd rather be spending our time and efforts updating legacy systems and trying to enhance our security posture rather than trying to meet some of these — in many cases outdated — regulatory compliances," Reese told the panel.
Consolidated state IT environments are particularly affected, Reese said, because auditors will often return, unnecessarily, several times to audit the same systems in a single year. Included in Reese's written testimony was an example provided by Kentucky CISO David Carter.
Worse, Reese continued, the repeated audits are conducted by third parties with different understandings and interpretations of both the systems they are auditing and the regulations they are enforcing. Data provided to NASCIO showed that five Louisiana state agencies were assessed by five separate IRS assessors all auditing the same exact statewide information security policy, yet those assessments yielded five wildly varying scores.
Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., pointed out that this is "not a big deal" because states can simply combine the regulations themselves to ensure they are meeting the most strict requirements across all of them.
"On the other hand, why should it be so difficult for the federal government on that to come up with one governing principle?" Raskin said.
Raskin and Palmer agreed, however, that Reese's requests were specific enough that they didn't apply to any broader attack against federal regulation.
Robert Weissman, president of the consumer-advocacy group Public Citizen, said that Reese's complaints show a specific need related to government-led cybersecurity efforts.
Palmer cited his previous experience working with state government and said he's seen firsthand how these regulations can waste resources and confuse everyone involved. He admitted that while regulations have made the country healthier and safer, he also pointed out that sometimes businesses, government agencies, and even the regulators themselves have difficulty understanding exactly what is being required.


text:
Q: Kafka with SSL - write to a topic - authorization error I am trying to produce from a command line to a topic that is on a local Kafka cluster with SSL enabled.
Topic was just created with:
kafka-topics --zookeeper localhost:2181  --create --topic simple    --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1

Command for producing is:
kafka-avro-console-producer \
         --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic simple \
         --property value.schema='{"type":"record","name":"myrecord","fields":[{"name":"f1","type":"string"}]}' \
         --property schema.registry.url=http://localhost:8080

Typing:
{"f1": "Alyssa"}

ERROR:
 {"f1": "Alyssa"}
Error when sending message to topic simple with key: null, value: 12 bytes with error:
(org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.ErrorLoggingCallback:52) org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TopicAuthorizationException:
Not authorized to access topics: [simple]

How to add access to this topic?
What is the correct command for ACL (I am running it on my local machine).

A: Since you have an SSL protected cluster, then I suggest creating a config file, and using this parameter for the CLI to reference it.
--producer.config <String: config file>  Producer config properties file. Note
                                           that [producer-property] takes
                                           precedence over this config

An example file would look like
bootstrap.servers=localhost:9092
# SSL related properties
security.protocol=SSL
ssl.keystore.location=/path/to/keystore-cert.jks
ssl.truststore.location=/path/to/truststore-cert.jks
ssl.key.password=xxxx
ssl.keystore.password=yyyy
ssl.truststore.password=zzzz

Otherise, you must pass each of these one-by-one onto the --property option

A: I got the same  due to SSL properties, pls pass SSL.
below is sample for AVRO message
./kafka-avro-console-producer --topic <topic_name> --broker-list <broker:port> --producer.config ssl.properties --property schema.registry.url=<schema_registru_url (for avro msg)> --property value.schema="$(< /path/to/avro_chema.avsc)" --property key.schema='{"type":"string"}' --property parse.key=true --property key.separator=":"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How tall is Ian Batherson?
Here are some information about Ian Batherson's height.
Ian Magistrado Batherson is a Filipino actor and reality show contestant who gained media attention as a finalist on the 5th season of StarStruck, a Philippine overall talent show broadcast on GMA Network. The height of Ian Batherson is 5ft 9in, that makes him 175cm tall.
Ian Batherson's height is 5ft 9in or 175cm while I am 5ft 10in or 177cm. I am taller compared to him. To find out how much taller I am, we would have to subtract Ian Batherson's height from mine. Therefore I am taller to him for about 2cm.
And see your physical height difference with Ian Batherson.
Do you feel that this height information for Ian Batherson is incorrect?
What is your suggestion about the height of Ian Batherson?


The idea of this website comes from a growing interest in the art of speeches, an art that may seem sometimes forgotten or outshined by new communication tools. And yet, making the audience eager to listen, pleased to understand in a complex world, and willing to get involved, these objectives of the art of speeches are more than relevant; they are vital.
This website intends to contribute by bringing to light what is new in European speeches today. If Europeans are proud of their heritage and their speakers find inspiration or useful techniques to defend their ideas, then this website is not irrelevant.
Isabelle Gaudeul-Ehrhart builds here on several years of experience in speechwriting and leading the professionalisation network for speechwriters in the European Commission, and on older thoughts on word power and power words.
Disclaimer : The information and views set out on this website are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the institution for which she works. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.


NEW YORK – A New York police officer recklessly fired his gun into a darkened stairwell, shooting a man, and then "stood there whining and moaning about how he could get fired" instead of helping the dying man, a prosecutor said Monday at the manslaughter trial.
After the 2014 shooting, Officer Peter Liang and his partner walked past Akai Gurley and a friend who was trying to give him CPR, prosecutor Marc Fliedner said in opening statements. Neither officer stopped, he said.
"A police officer – this police officer – and he never even knelt down and try to fix what he'd done," Fliedner said.
Her client had his gun drawn because he was headed to the roof of the housing project – "the most dangerous place of a dangerous place," she said.
Prosecutors agree that the rookie officer didn't mean to shoot and kill Gurley.
Advocates for stricter police accountability see the second-degree manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide and other charges brought by Brooklyn District Attorney Kenneth Thompson as justified. They say the case offers a counterpoint to decisions by grand juries declining to indict white police officers in other killings, including those of Eric Garner on Staten Island and Michael Brown in the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson.
Chinese-American supporters, however, say Liang has been made a scapegoat for past injustices.
"He just happens to be a very convenient person to go after," said Phil Gim, who's helped organize rallies supporting Liang.
Liang had been an officer for 18 months on the night of Nov. 20, 2014, when he and a partner were patrolling the Brooklyn housing project amid reports of a spike in violent crime.
Liang had his gun drawn as they descended onto an eighth-floor landing in a stairwell where the lights had burned out, prosecutors said. At the same time, the 28-year-old Gurley and a friend he was visiting entered the door into the seventh-floor landing. Liang – his gun in his left hand and a flashlight in his right – fired a shot. The bullet ricocheted and struck Gurley in the chest, who made it down two flights of stairs before collapsing.
According to grand jury testimony by Liang's partner, Liang repeatedly told him, "It went off by accident" and fretted that he would be fired. The two then bickered for at least two minutes about which one should call a supervisor to report the discharge.
After the gun went off, Liang "stood there whining and moaning about how he could get fired," Fliedner, the prosecutor, said Monday.
The slaying recalled two others by officers patrolling Brooklyn housing projects – the shootings of 19-year-old Timothy Stansbury on a rooftop in 2004 and of 13-year-old Nicholas Heyward Jr. while carrying a toy gun. Neither officer was charged.


text:
People's Funeral & Cremation Service
Send Flowers for Marinda
Marinda Artilla Johnson
December 15, 1975 ~ September 7, 2020 (age 44)
Marinda Artilla Johnson, 44, transitioned from this earthly life to eternal life on September 7, 2020 at Wake Forest Baptist Hospital in Winston -Salem, NC. Marinda was born on December 15, 1975 to William James and Artilla Quick Johnson. She gave her life to Christ at an early age and cherished everyday of her journey. Marinda was a faithful member of Williams Memorial CME.
Known for her beautiful eyes, her heartwarming smile, compassion and her kind spirit towards others. She truly will be missed.
Marinda resided in High Point, NC all of her life, she was a graduate from High Point Central High School, she furthered her education at Carolina Beauty College as a Cosmetologist. She later attended Guilford Technical Community College where she received an associate degree in Applied Science. She was employed at Wake Forest Baptist Health High Point Medical Center as a Patient Access Specialist. In her free time, Marinda loved cooking, going out to eat and going shopping. She loved to act out some of her favorite movies such as "The Color Purple," sayings such as "You told Harpo to beat me," "You sho got a pretty smile." Despite her health issues Marinda cared for her parents without complaining.
She was preceded in death by her parents; a brother; Donnie Johnson; two sisters; Martha and Evelyn Smith; one niece; Natalie Smith, One nephew; Kenneth Smith.
Fond and loving memories will be cherished by three brothers; Derone Johnson; Douglas Johnson and Darrell Johnson; a sister; Belva Williams, her uncle; June Quick, nieces and nephews, a god daughter; Ayanna Gillespie, a special niece; Lashelle Bethea, a beautiful woman of God who cared for her until death and unconditional love and care. Special cousins; Stephanie Parnell, Trina Morrison and Vicki Harrington whom she thought highly of and considered her them as sisters, a host of nieces, nephews, cousins, other relatives and friends.
Marinda went home peacefully, quiet and suddenly. No suffering, she called out for her momma, she called out for her daddy, lifted her hand and she was gone.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Marinda Artilla Johnson, please visit our floral store.
Solid Rock Baptist Church
903 East Kearns Avenue
© 2021 People's Funeral & Cremation Service. All Rights Reserved. Funeral Home website by CFS & TA | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy


The Canadian Taxpayers Federation's board of directors is a volunteer body that monitors and maintains the integrity of the organization's mission, conduct, strategic planning and finances. Each year the board approves goals and tactics and a budget. The board is not involved in the day to day operation of the organization. Board members are prohibited from holding a membership in any political party. As the governing body of a not for profit, the board is charged with upholding provisions of the federal Not For Profit Corporations Act.
Adam Daifallah is a Partner at HATLEY Strategy Advisors, a public affairs firm with offices in Montreal and Quebec City. In addition to his responsibilities at HATLEY, Adam is an instructor at McGill University's North American Studies Program and a fellow of the Montreal Economic Institute.
Highly involved in volunteerism, Ken is former president of both the Regina Symphony Orchestra (RSO), and Regina's Globe Theatre. Ken was also on the board of the World Taxpayers Association.
Born in Stellarton, Nova Scotia and raised in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Peter attended Dalhousie University (Bachelor of Commerce) in 1977 and became a chartered accountant in 1981 after articling with two national accounting firms.
A communications and public affairs professional for close to 15 years. Michelle brings extensive leadership experience from both the public and private sectors.
Melissa Mathieson lives in Calgary, Alberta where she works in the energy industry. Her expertise lies in stakeholder relations strategy, regulatory requirements and policy development.


Frame Height: Required Choose Options 20" 22" 24" 28"
Available for natural or propane gas applications.
Gas soleniod valve prevents gas from flowing to burner when system is turned off.
Gas Key Valve Kit allows for manual flame height adjustment.
Valve kit includes: brass valve, decorative valve cover, flexible gas line and choice of 3", 8", 12", 18" key.
Frame Height Options: 20", 24", 28"


text:
Q: Selecting a Gridview row without a select column in ASP.NET Im a newbie and totally new in ASP.NET. I need to select a row in a gridview by just clicking a row in it and not by clicking a select button from a select row column.
Thanks :)

A: You can add this to your code to make the any cells of any row selectable.
//Select a row by clicking any cells of it
        protected void grdEmployeeList_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
        {

            if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
            {
                e.Row.Attributes["onmouseover"] = "this.style.cursor='hand';this.style.textDecoration='underline';";
                e.Row.Attributes["onmouseout"] = "this.style.textDecoration='none';";

                e.Row.Attributes["onclick"] = ClientScript.GetPostBackClientHyperlink(this.grdEmployeeList, "Select$" + e.Row.RowIndex);
            }
        }

and then add this page attribute to the first line of the source code of the page designer:
EnableEventValidation = "false"

FYI the grid specified in the above code refers to my gridview object.
Just fill in the GridView with your Rows and you're good to go.

A: Yes you can do that. You don't want to click select button so make your data in the grid a link button to show the data as well as click on it. Following is the code for the same
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="CODE" ShowHeader="true" ItemStyle-CssClass="td" HeaderStyle-CssClass="grid_header"
                                ItemStyle-BorderWidth="1" ItemStyle-BorderColor="LightGray" HeaderStyle-Width="10%">
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                    <asp:LinkButton ID="lnkCode" runat="server" Text='<% #Bind("Amm_code") %>' CommandName="Select"
                                        ForeColor="Blue" ToolTip="Click To Edit"></asp:LinkButton>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                                <ItemStyle CssClass="td" />
                                <HeaderStyle CssClass="td" />
                            </asp:TemplateField>

A: I think you should use jQuery for this.  Here is a good example
Asp net grid view select row using jquery

Here too is a good example
http://www.codedigest.com/Articles/ASPNET/324_Make_GridView_Row_Selectable_or_Clickable_using_jQuery_in_ASPNet.aspx


As our website becomes more visited, and more people hear about our adventures, we have received a lot of questions from around the world seeking advice and opinions about traveling to Costa Rica, especially with families. People have asked for lodging advice, food advice, activity advice, surf instructor advice, school advice and much more.
We are not "experts" on Costa Rica by any means, but we have traveled much of the country and especially have intimate knowledge of Tamarindo, so we hope that we can at least provide some additional insights if nothing else. Things are constantly changing and evolving around the country, so some of this information will eventually end up being dated, but as of 2017, we wanted to offer some public advice that we can pass on to our friends, families and fellow adventurers.
We've tried to break our "reviews" down into a few categories to make it easier to find the information you need. If you have questions about something we didn't cover though, please let us know and we will try to eventually add more information!


text:
'Sherlock Holmes 3' Tracks Down A New Writer In James Coyne
By Jacob Hall/April 26, 2016 12:00 pm EST
Just last week, Robert Downey Jr. offered an update on the next Sherlock Holmes movie, suggesting that a third film in the series could start filming later this year. Considering the apparent lack of momentum on the project, it sounded unlikely. If nothing else, it sounded like Downey trying to keep people interested in a project that was still nowhere close to existing. After all, the last serious piece of news about the film had arrived in 2011, when Iron Man 3 screenwriter Drew Pearce was hired to work on a screenplay.
However, it seems that he may have been more serious about this than expected, because a new writer has officially boarded Sherlock Holmes 3.
Deadline reports that James Coyne has been invited to take a crack at the third adventure of Robert Downey Jr.'s Sherlock Holmes and Jude Law's Dr. John Watson, although they make no mention of a 2016 start date. However, it's still expected for both stars to reprise their roles and for Guy Ritchie to return to the director's chair. Whether Coyne has been brought on to tinker with work Pearce had already completed or if this is a complete fresh start for the film remains unknown.
Although Coyne has a few credits to his name, none of them are particularly big films. According to his IMDB page, he's written screenplays for Vikingdom, Puncture Wounds, Ulysses: A Dark Odyssey, none of which ring a bell. However, Puncture Wounds is an action film starring Dolph Lundgren and Vinnie Jones, which paints a pretty colorful picture of what you can probably expect from it. In any case, everyone involved in the Sherlock Holmes series has actually read his work and I have not, so they surely know something that we don't.
What I'm curious about is how (or if) Sherlock Holmes 3 will handle the passage of time. Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows climaxed with Holmes and Professor Moriarty plummeting over Reichenbach Falls in a recreation of the famous detective's "death" in the story "The Final Problem." In reality, this was author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle attempting to kill Sherlock Holmes off for good, only to bring him back a few years later due to popular demand. The previous film ended with Watson thinking his best friend dead, only for Holmes to reveal himself to be among the living (but only to the audience) shortly after every other character exits the scene. So it's entirely possible for Coyne to work a meta-textual layer into his story – there hasn't been a new Sherlock Holmes movie because Holmes has been hiding out, presumed dead.
Since both Sherlock Holmes films were enormous hits, we will undoubtedly see Sherlock Holmes 3 get made at some point. The question now is whether or not it goes before cameras this year or later.


text:
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEvents.Internal;

namespace UnityEvents.Example
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Simple example of using jobs with the event system
	/// </summary>
	public class ExampleSimpleJob : MonoBehaviour
	{
		// I have to be an unmanaged type! Need references? Use an id and have a lookup database system.
		private struct EvExampleEvent
		{
			public int exampleValue;

			public EvExampleEvent(int exampleValue)
			{
				this.exampleValue = exampleValue;
			}
		}

		private struct ExampleJob : IJobForEvent<EvExampleEvent>
		{
			// This result is stored across jobs, wipe it out at the beginning of each job if this isn't wanted!
			public int result;

			public void ExecuteEvent(EvExampleEvent ev)
			{
				result += ev.exampleValue;
			}
		}

		private void OnEnable()
		{
			// Jobs work with the global simulation and global UI event systems as well as the GameObject system. This
			// will just show examples with the global simulation system.
			//
			// When an event is fired jobs will processed in parallel using the burst compiler. Can make otherwise
			// long tasks very short. Afterwards the callback functions are invoked so the listener can use the results
			// of the job.
			GlobalEventSystem.SubscribeWithJob<ExampleJob, EvExampleEvent>(new ExampleJob(), OnJobFinished);
		}

		private void OnDisable()
		{
			GlobalEventSystem.UnsubscribeWithJob<ExampleJob, EvExampleEvent>(OnJobFinished);
		}

		public void SendEvents()
		{
			// Job listeners trigger on events like anything else. You can have job listeners and regular listeners to
			// a single event.
			GlobalEventSystem.SendEvent(new EvExampleEvent(10));
		}

		private void OnJobFinished(ExampleJob ev)
		{
			Debug.Log("Job finished! Value: " + ev.result);
		}
	}
}


text:
10 x 1000m @ 3:15 w/ 200m jog rest (~60 rest)
Average = 3:13
Workout was ok in the fact that I hit the times...but my body just didn't feel it today. I decided to go around noon up at the track in my plan to get in another run later tonight possibly with Serena or on my own. Ran 1 mile warm up then drills and another 1 mile to complete the warm up. I chose to start on the 200m mark of the track in hopes that I would only hit the wind twice each time, but that didn't really work out - the wind was behind me every time for the first 200m of the 1000m but after that it just seemed to shift with me each time and didn't really matter where I was, miserable. The first one felt fine and then I attempted to see if I could maintain a quicker pace after running the 2nd one splitting 75 and 2:33-34 splits, it didn't feel that bad. Granted it was early in the workout but I wanted to see how long I might hold that pace - that lasted till about number 5 and 6 when after 400-500m into the 1000m was when I could feel the body struggle. 200m and usually the 400m was fine, but after that my body just seemed to slow down on me and didn't have the gas. Nice to know I can still hit the goal pace and feel that way - a few weeks back had I felt this bad I don't think I would have run these times still. By the end my hands were frozen...


text:
One of the high points of a city at almost 3000 meters altitude
It's a sprawling valley city surrounded by steep hills and mountains and whose main feature is a very clean and well preserved old town. There are cops everywhere, somewhat like Colombia, which lends at least a false sense of security. This section is inclined, and the steepest cobblestone lanes are reminiscent of Bogota's Candelaria hood. The massive Basilica is the most prominent cathedral of many, and the relaxing Plaza Grande offers a fine place to sit, gaze at the National Palace and get your shoes shined.
El Panecillo framed between the cathedral spires
A kilometer to the South sits El Panecillo, a big hill topped with a giant angel statue. It's a good walk or a cheap taxi to the top, with a terrific view and scores of vendors. From here it's striking how mountainous this area is, but the highest peaks are often obscured by clouds.
A couple of nice parks and 15 blocks to the north sits the Mariscal neighborhood, home to most of the better chain hotels and heaps of hostels. The area surrounding Plaza Foch is ground zero for tourist nightlife in Quito, but my general impression was cheap beers, karaoke, and vomit. It does get packed and there are scores of bars and discos, but the theme remains the same. Miles of wandering and exploring yielded a tremendous Chinese restaurant, Casa China, but zero bars that were anything special. With the galaxy of extraordinary hiking and landscape so close by, the capitol is a fine place to start, but not too long. The Ecuador countryside is eye popping, but the cities and towns not so much. There's also a gondola that climbs to the top of a hill that has to provide a smashing vista, but two days in Quito is plenty.
The surfer statue marks the north end of Montanitas, Ecuador
That 6am bus came a few minutes early, before sunrise, and after consulting the driver to make sure I was on the right bus, I loaded up. Of course, it was the wrong bus, which took a very circuitous route, picking up lots of mountain folk, before arriving in Riobamba at 8. Here, the conductor made an exchange with a driver from another company whose bus was indeed bound for Guayaquil, just not direct, or even close, as what I had paid for. So began a lengthy, slow, but very scenic crossing of the Ecuadorian Andes, with vast, deep valleys and beautiful steep landscape. We made about 30 quick stops en route, picking up and dropping off passengers, many of whom were indigenous with emblematic hats and dress. Eventually we dropped down out of the highlands and traversed a couple of hours of lush tropical terrain, the last section being miles of banana plantations, and shortly thereafter we rolled into the massive dusty sprawl of Guayaquil.
The bus station was modern, adjacent to the airport, full of shops and food like a mall, and packed to the gills with people trying to get to Montanitas, my destination too. The lines to buy tickets were so long that it was hard to tell where they started….just a couple of hundred people that way. Once I found the single ticket window selling the route I needed, the waiting began. South Americans are used to waiting, so people obediently stand in line as long as it takes. And it took a while, over an hour and a half, until a bus company employee came up and solicited passengers for the 4:30 bus, still 2 hours away. I jumped at the chance, thinking that the desired 3 pm departure would sell out. So 10 minutes later I was freed from the line and ready to kill some time.
Downtown Montanitas
That 4:30 bus was packed and semi cush, blasting a stupid American movie and racing the sun to the coast. Upon arrival in Montanitas, after a few questions I found Hotel Sumpa, where I had a reservation. Of course it was New Years Day and the town was overflowing, so the hotel was sold out. After some interrogation of an employee I got the owner on the phone and he came to meet me in minutes. Nice enough guy, name of Aristede, and he had had a few problems with booking.com., along with others, and later, myself. He offered to put us up in the TV room, free of charge, and since I was saving $75 I didn't mind. Especially since the place was swarming with assorted surfers and millennials, and was nowhere as nice as it looked on the web page. Ensued a night of sleeping on the sofa, getting up to turn off lights and close doors after knuckleheads obliviously leaving them open and on, and finally passing out into a deep idiot sleep.
The Punto Verde eco hostel from the beach, a fine place to stay on the cheap
Up and out next morning and up the hill to the eco hostel Punto Verde, high on a hill on the way out of town. The owner, Joos, is a Dutch woman who traded her Amsterdam barge boat for this property, sight unseen. And she is a trip, running around doing all sorts of chores and construction, laughing, smoking, and drinking. She has plans to enlarge and improve the place, and she' s already done a ton, including building one big dwelling from scratch which holds all the bunks, a real nice deck, and her place and kitchen downstairs.
She had a Slovenian volunteer named Greecia, a real good dude who was a surfer and quite a music freak and hound dog to boot. Most of these hostels work on the system of very few paid employees, but always a traveler or two willing to trade some labor for a couple of weeks of lodging and meals. Here, all the bunks had mosquito nets and the floors creaked like crazy, but the sound of the surf 10 foot minutes away was always there. It didn't take long to figure that this was the place we had been waiting to find, close enough to get to town and the playa quickly, and far enough to lose the incessant pounding of the disco scene. I highly recommend this place.
The neighborhood around Punto Verde is seeing lots of development
The next days followed a pattern of beach time early and a walk through town for a licuado breakfast and a look around. Then it was a wander around and a bus ride someplace close. Then a siesta, shower, and session to get into the night mood. One solid day trip was a ride up to Puerto Lopez an hour north, along with a visit to pretty Playa Frailes, a reserve that was the best beach of Ecuador for me. The terrain all along this coast is reminiscent of Baja California, dry with heaps of cactus and a few iguanas.
Frailes Beach has a small coral reef off that point in the distance
After the initial inundation, the town cleared out but then seemed to get busier again every day. lots of wandering, sunburned vagabonds, along with hordes of tatted out gypsies selling trinkets and their typical shit. Some nights were totally dead with nothing going on, but the scene was a late one, not happening until near midnight. At that hour I was usually back on the hill, unconscious on the top bunk. Not a lot to offer but the beach, killer ceviche and a chill vibe, but if that's what you're into, you could a lot worse than Montanitas.
My daily meal in Montanitas, ceviche and a banana smoothie
May 8, 2018 June 2, 2019 | dock
This is the best and most bodacious double zip line I've ever seen, outside Banos
From Machachi, the small town closest to the Hidden Garden, this was a 2 hour bus ride that culminated in a 2 minute piss when we finally got to the terminal. Then it was the fist of several $1 taxis to the Casa de Molino Blanco, where another dorm room awaited. First stop after unloading was the ballyhooed Terma de la Virgen, beneath a skinny waterfall at the other end of town. The place was overrun with humanity, and too many kids, and the water in the hot pools the color of a Yoohoo chocolate soda. So I was less than impressed, and we split after a few minutes in the nasty water. Lunch at the recommended Casa Hood followed, a decent yellow Hindu Curry, followed by the first of many exploratory town rambles. Banos is a hilly town, surrounded by super steep mountains, and a mecca for hiking, biking, and rafting. We found a bar called Pipa's, run by a Dutch lush named Nina. Mully tried to sell her his old I phone, we met her Ecuadorian musician painter husband, and drank as long as we could stand it.
There's a quite active volcano, Tungurahua, dozing up above Banos
The highlight of the Banos experience is riding a mountain bike on the 7 waterfall route. The road passes out of town alongside an impressive gorge, and through half a dozen semi lengthy tunnels on the way, but bikes only deal with one. This gorge widens and deepens as the downhill roll continues, and soon the first, and by far the best, of a series of cross canyon zip lines is reached. Strapped in by the legs and chest, flying like an eagle two at a time , this traverse lasts almost a minute each way, and the price is right…..$15 for the roundtrip. I saw the famous Skytrek in Monteverde, Costa Rica, and that was half as long and twice as expensive. A number of inferior versions followed, along with multi person cable cars, and some of the bike routes that circumvented the tunnels passed through some fine terrain. By far the most impressive waterfall was the massive ' Chorro del Diablo' that featured a long walkway, terraces, and suspension bridges accessing a thunderous gusher dropping 40 meters. Ride as far as you like, cross the road, flag down a bus and get a ride back to town for a buck and a half.
The landscape of Ecuador is unsurpassed, this is outside Banos
Banos is quite a holiday destination for the Ecuadorians, and the town was swelling on New Years Eve. Lots of folk had mannequins and figurines adorning their cars, and bands of dudes dressed as women stopped traffic with ropes stretched across the road scrounging for donations. All this tomfoolery climaxed as the night continued, with thousands of people, dressed up or not, milling around the center, drinking, yelling, and everybody checking it out in a feverish end of the year ritual. I checked out of the frenzy early, as I had a 6 am bus to catch across the Andes.
Cotopaxi is often shrouded in clouds
The closest town to Secret Garden, and the mighty mountain, is Machachi, about an hour south of Quito. There it's a slow 45 minutes on a prehistoric stone road to the 'best hostel in Ecuador.' It's surrounded by cherry farmland and cows, along with 3 Llamas out front. A dead volcano rises up behind the cluster of buildings, which is the main lodge, some cabinas, 2 dorms, and the owner's cush pad above the rest. The staff here was super friendly and helpful, and the volunteers were from Australia and England, spending a few weeks here on the ramble while traveling the continent. A big Brit, Eddie, led a 45 minute hike up a close gorge to a couple of 10 meter waterfalls along with a beaut Dalmation, Milo and an energetic Dachsund, Daisy. The top section was sporty and slippery, scaling some rocks with lots of exposure and vertical.
Rubber boots are handy for this terrific hike up behind the Secret Garden
http://secretgardencotopaxi.com/blog3/
The communal meals were simple but hearty, and there was unlimited coffee, tea, and water. Many of the guests were here to climb or at least get close to Cotopaxi, directly to the west but constantly covered by clouds.There was even a gas heated hot tub, which I enjoyed with 4 nubile college chicks from Boulder, Colorado. The dorm had a wood stove, which got toasty that night. It may not be in a class by itself, as the saying goes, but it sure don't take long to call roll. Superior, and a great vibe.
Secret Garden Hostel, a couple of bus hours south of Quito
Next morn was an early breakfast and loading into a van bound for Coto. The trip took an hour and a half, and the big parking lot was filling up on a Sunday. This was already 4000 + meters in altitude, and everybody piled out and began slogging up the pumice. The refugio, the climbers hut, was the goal, about 500 meters up, and Mully was bent in two, using two walking sticks to yank himself up the hill, a gruesome sight. Eventually, he made it to the shelter, and I followed the drivers wife as she led the way another 200 meters to the bottom of the glacier. The snow and ice looked ultra thick and intimidating, and I would not look forward to scaling that even with crampons and an ice axe. The clouds lifted, the rain and corn snow stopped, and the landscape was multicolored red, black, white and every shade of grey.
Views from the slopes of Cotopaxi are eye popping
The trip down was easier for sure, and the views almost reached the other side of the big valley and SG. The last morning the clouds briefly shifted and Coto revealed herself in full, with a snowcap that seemed Everestesque, an amazing sight. $35 a night got 3 squares and a cush place to flop, and most of the outings cost the same…Of course, as time marches on prices keep going up. But no matter the number it's a fine stop on the road to Utopia.
Ready to take the cool plunge