text:
CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation
John T. Loffredo, Thomas C. Friedrich, Enrique J. León, Jason J. Stephany, Denise S. Rodrigues, Sean P. Spencer, Alex T. Bean, Dominic R. Beal, Benjamin J. Burwitz, Richard A. Rudersdorf, Lyle T. Wallace, Shari M. Piaskowski, Gemma E. May, John Sidney, Emma Gostick, Nancy A. Wilson, David A. Price, Esper G. Kallas, Helen Piontkivska, Austin L. HughesAlessandro Sette, David I. Watkins
Background. It is generally accepted that CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in control of immunodeficiency virus replication. The association of HLA-B27 and -B57 with control of viremia supports this conclusion. However, specific correlates of viral control in individuals expressing these alleles have been difficult to define. We recently reported that transient in vivo CD8+ cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected elite controller (EC) macaques resulted in a brief period of viral recrudescence. SIV replication was rapidly controlled with the reappearance of CD8+ cells, implicating that these cells actively suppress viral replication in ECs. Methods and Findings. Here we show that three ECs in that study made at least seven robust CD8+ T cell responses directed against novel epitopes in Vif, Bev, and Nef restricted by the MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*08. Two of these Mamu-B*08-positive animals subsequently lost control of SIV replication. Their breakthrough virus harbored substitutions in multiple Mamu-B*08-restricted epitopes. Indeed, we found evidence for selection pressure mediated by Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cells in all of the newly identified epitopes in a cohort of chronically infected macaques. Conclusions. Together, our data suggest that Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell responses effectively control replication of pathogenic SIVmac239. All seven regions encoding Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes also exhibit amino acid replacements typically seen only in the presence of Mamu-B*08, suggesting that the variation we observe is indeed selected by CD8+ T cell responses. SIVmac239 infection of Indian rhesus macaques expressing Mamu-B*08 may therefore provide an animal model for understanding CD8+ T cell-mediated control of HIV replication in humans.
Published - Nov 14 2007
Dive into the research topics of 'CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
HIV long-term survivors Agriculture & Biology 100%
Simian immunodeficiency virus Agriculture & Biology 70%
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Medicine & Life Sciences 61%
Macaca Medicine & Life Sciences 53%
Epitope Chemical Compounds 48%
epitopes Agriculture & Biology 46%
T-lymphocytes Agriculture & Biology 43%
Epitopes Medicine & Life Sciences 41%
Loffredo, J. T., Friedrich, T. C., León, E. J., Stephany, J. J., Rodrigues, D. S., Spencer, S. P., Bean, A. T., Beal, D. R., Burwitz, B. J., Rudersdorf, R. A., Wallace, L. T., Piaskowski, S. M., May, G. E., Sidney, J., Gostick, E., Wilson, N. A., Price, D. A., Kallas, E. G., Piontkivska, H., ... Watkins, D. I. (2007). CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation. PloS one, 2(11), [e1152]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001152
CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation. / Loffredo, John T.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; León, Enrique J. et al.
In: PloS one, Vol. 2, No. 11, e1152, 14.11.2007.
Loffredo, JT, Friedrich, TC, León, EJ, Stephany, JJ, Rodrigues, DS, Spencer, SP, Bean, AT, Beal, DR, Burwitz, BJ, Rudersdorf, RA, Wallace, LT, Piaskowski, SM, May, GE, Sidney, J, Gostick, E, Wilson, NA, Price, DA, Kallas, EG, Piontkivska, H, Hughes, AL, Sette, A & Watkins, DI 2007, 'CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation', PloS one, vol. 2, no. 11, e1152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001152
Loffredo JT, Friedrich TC, León EJ, Stephany JJ, Rodrigues DS, Spencer SP et al. CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation. PloS one. 2007 Nov 14;2(11):e1152. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001152
Loffredo, John T. ; Friedrich, Thomas C. ; León, Enrique J. et al. / CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation. In: PloS one. 2007 ; Vol. 2, No. 11.
@article{6c023f19eeec4fe88a46af3b45f65c62,
title = "CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation",
abstract = "Background. It is generally accepted that CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in control of immunodeficiency virus replication. The association of HLA-B27 and -B57 with control of viremia supports this conclusion. However, specific correlates of viral control in individuals expressing these alleles have been difficult to define. We recently reported that transient in vivo CD8+ cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected elite controller (EC) macaques resulted in a brief period of viral recrudescence. SIV replication was rapidly controlled with the reappearance of CD8+ cells, implicating that these cells actively suppress viral replication in ECs. Methods and Findings. Here we show that three ECs in that study made at least seven robust CD8+ T cell responses directed against novel epitopes in Vif, Bev, and Nef restricted by the MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*08. Two of these Mamu-B*08-positive animals subsequently lost control of SIV replication. Their breakthrough virus harbored substitutions in multiple Mamu-B*08-restricted epitopes. Indeed, we found evidence for selection pressure mediated by Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cells in all of the newly identified epitopes in a cohort of chronically infected macaques. Conclusions. Together, our data suggest that Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell responses effectively control replication of pathogenic SIVmac239. All seven regions encoding Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes also exhibit amino acid replacements typically seen only in the presence of Mamu-B*08, suggesting that the variation we observe is indeed selected by CD8+ T cell responses. SIVmac239 infection of Indian rhesus macaques expressing Mamu-B*08 may therefore provide an animal model for understanding CD8+ T cell-mediated control of HIV replication in humans.",
author = "Loffredo, {John T.} and Friedrich, {Thomas C.} and Le{\'o}n, {Enrique J.} and Stephany, {Jason J.} and Rodrigues, {Denise S.} and Spencer, {Sean P.} and Bean, {Alex T.} and Beal, {Dominic R.} and Burwitz, {Benjamin J.} and Rudersdorf, {Richard A.} and Wallace, {Lyle T.} and Piaskowski, {Shari M.} and May, {Gemma E.} and John Sidney and Emma Gostick and Wilson, {Nancy A.} and Price, {David A.} and Kallas, {Esper G.} and Helen Piontkivska and Hughes, {Austin L.} and Alessandro Sette and Watkins, {David I.}",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0001152",
journal = "PLoS One",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
T1 - CD8+ T cells from SIV elite controller macaques recognize mamu-B*08-bound epitopes and select for widespread viral variation
AU - Loffredo, John T.
AU - Friedrich, Thomas C.
AU - León, Enrique J.
AU - Stephany, Jason J.
AU - Rodrigues, Denise S.
AU - Spencer, Sean P.
AU - Bean, Alex T.
AU - Beal, Dominic R.
AU - Burwitz, Benjamin J.
AU - Rudersdorf, Richard A.
AU - Wallace, Lyle T.
AU - Piaskowski, Shari M.
AU - May, Gemma E.
AU - Sidney, John
AU - Gostick, Emma
AU - Wilson, Nancy A.
AU - Price, David A.
AU - Kallas, Esper G.
AU - Piontkivska, Helen
AU - Hughes, Austin L.
AU - Sette, Alessandro
AU - Watkins, David I.
N2 - Background. It is generally accepted that CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in control of immunodeficiency virus replication. The association of HLA-B27 and -B57 with control of viremia supports this conclusion. However, specific correlates of viral control in individuals expressing these alleles have been difficult to define. We recently reported that transient in vivo CD8+ cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected elite controller (EC) macaques resulted in a brief period of viral recrudescence. SIV replication was rapidly controlled with the reappearance of CD8+ cells, implicating that these cells actively suppress viral replication in ECs. Methods and Findings. Here we show that three ECs in that study made at least seven robust CD8+ T cell responses directed against novel epitopes in Vif, Bev, and Nef restricted by the MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*08. Two of these Mamu-B*08-positive animals subsequently lost control of SIV replication. Their breakthrough virus harbored substitutions in multiple Mamu-B*08-restricted epitopes. Indeed, we found evidence for selection pressure mediated by Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cells in all of the newly identified epitopes in a cohort of chronically infected macaques. Conclusions. Together, our data suggest that Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell responses effectively control replication of pathogenic SIVmac239. All seven regions encoding Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes also exhibit amino acid replacements typically seen only in the presence of Mamu-B*08, suggesting that the variation we observe is indeed selected by CD8+ T cell responses. SIVmac239 infection of Indian rhesus macaques expressing Mamu-B*08 may therefore provide an animal model for understanding CD8+ T cell-mediated control of HIV replication in humans.
AB - Background. It is generally accepted that CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in control of immunodeficiency virus replication. The association of HLA-B27 and -B57 with control of viremia supports this conclusion. However, specific correlates of viral control in individuals expressing these alleles have been difficult to define. We recently reported that transient in vivo CD8+ cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected elite controller (EC) macaques resulted in a brief period of viral recrudescence. SIV replication was rapidly controlled with the reappearance of CD8+ cells, implicating that these cells actively suppress viral replication in ECs. Methods and Findings. Here we show that three ECs in that study made at least seven robust CD8+ T cell responses directed against novel epitopes in Vif, Bev, and Nef restricted by the MHC class I molecule Mamu-B*08. Two of these Mamu-B*08-positive animals subsequently lost control of SIV replication. Their breakthrough virus harbored substitutions in multiple Mamu-B*08-restricted epitopes. Indeed, we found evidence for selection pressure mediated by Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cells in all of the newly identified epitopes in a cohort of chronically infected macaques. Conclusions. Together, our data suggest that Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell responses effectively control replication of pathogenic SIVmac239. All seven regions encoding Mamu-B*08-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes also exhibit amino acid replacements typically seen only in the presence of Mamu-B*08, suggesting that the variation we observe is indeed selected by CD8+ T cell responses. SIVmac239 infection of Indian rhesus macaques expressing Mamu-B*08 may therefore provide an animal model for understanding CD8+ T cell-mediated control of HIV replication in humans.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0001152
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0001152
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
M1 - e1152


This memorial was created in honor of Brian Lee Dunn of Rocklin, California. Brian was born on March 3, 1957 in Greenbrae and passed on August 9, 2018. Brian was loved by many and will be dearly missed by all friends and family.


It is a myth that children don't grieve. Children may experience the same range of feelings as do adults; the expression of that grief might be different as children have fewer tools for communicating their feelings.
Children are especially vulnerable to feelings of guilt and abandonment. It is important for them to know that the death was not their fault and that someone is there to take care of them.
Secrecy about the suicide in the hopes of protecting children may cause further complications.


text:
Orient Express Makes Its Grand Comeback
HomeAll Posts...Orient Express Makes Its Grand Comeback
A BAR WITH SPECTACULAR GREEN BENCHES UNDER GLASS DOMES, A LOUNGE THAT TURNS INTO A COMFORTABLE BEDROOM. CARRIED BY A SEDUCTIVE LITERARY AND CINEMATOGRAPHIC IMAGINATION, 140 YEARS LATER, THE ORIENT EXPRESS REINVENTS ITSELF
After turning it into a brand, which last year launched a range of lifestyle products, the legendary train Orient Express plans to re-run on European rails in early 2025. The subsidiary in charge of promoting the heritage of the famous train that inspired Agatha Christie, aims to become one with the myth and reinvent it with a luxury hotel moving from one capital to another.
Restored by the Accor hotel group, interior designer Maxime d'Angeac has designed the new decor for this iconic train, highlighting the expertise of France's best craftsmen. Composed of 17 cars, the plush suites, all with rounded lines, will be adorned with leather and equipped with headboards scaled with wood embroidery, mother-of-pearl and bronze beads, Art Deco lighting fixtures, carpeting with "comet" motifs and marble bathrooms.
The new train Nostalgie will of course follow the historic route of the Orient-Express, which linked Paris to Constantinople/Istanbul from 1883 to 1977 (with interruptions during the two world wars). But not only that: a mysterious ride is also is in the forecast.
This will be the third version of the Orient-Express, after the first generation – end of the century – of 1880 and the second – art deco -of 1920. With a décor that pays tribute to its elders while being extremely contemporary and equiped with modern comforts.
The subsidiary is to launch "Orient Express La Dolce Vita", another luxury train that will travel around Italy from 2024. It will take over Trenitalia's cars from the 1970s, obviously redesigned to become luxurious mobile hotels.
Two very beautiful hotels are also due to reopen under the Orient Express label, in Rome and Venice, before moving to Riyadh.
Long before that, the new design of the Orient Express will be presented, along with archival documents, in an exhibition from October 17 to 21 at the Domus Maubourg in Paris.
Another option is to go to Miami, from November 30 to December 5, during Design Week.
Tags: pick
Where to Stay in Paris During Fashion Week 2023
"To The Water": A Photography Exhibition At Paris's Mythical Swimming Pool Molitor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
[![Build
Status](https://travis-ci.org/jpchip/youtube-album-uploader.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/jpchip/youtube-album-uploader)

A node CLI to upload an mp3 album to youtube.

`youtube-album-uploader "/path/to/music/folder"`

## Getting Started

Requires [ffmpeg](https://www.ffmpeg.org/) be installed. On windows, make sure to add the following PATHs (with actual paths to whereever you installed ffmpeg):

    FFPROBE_PATH - C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffprobe.exe
    FFMPEG_PATH - C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe

It also requires Google OAuth2 credentials. The basics of Google's OAuth2 implementation is explained on [Google Authorization and Authentication documentation](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2Login).

There is a [good tutorial here](https://www.codementor.io/nodejs/tutorial/uploading-videos-to-youtube-with-nodejs-google-api) on getting a credentials.json file. Once you download it, put in the root of the youtube-album-uploader directory.

If you happen to already have a CLIENT_ID, PROJECT_ID, and CLIENT_SECRET you can just copy `credentials.json.example` to `credentials.json` and replace these parameters.

## Installation

You can install youtube-album-uploader using npm:

    npm install -g youtube-album-uploader

## Usage

Just pass the path to the directory containing your music.

    youtube-album-uploader "path/to/album/folder"

on windows, maybe something like:

    youtube-album-uploader "C:\Documents and Settings\user\My Documents\My Music\music\My Own Band\My Bands Album"

It will look for a `folder.jpg` in the directory to use as the background of the created video.

When it finishes creating the video your browser should open and prompt you to sign in with your Google account and give youtube-album-uploader permission to upload on your behalf.

When everything is done you should get a `Video uploaded successfully!` message. You might have to manually kill the process after that (it's a known issue, sorry).

## Sponsors

Development is sponsored by [Earthling Interactive](http://earthlinginteractive.com/).

## Questions

If you have any questions, just [open an issue](https://github.com/jpchip/youtube-album-uploader/issues/new).

## Disclaimer

It is your responsibility to respect the copyright of any material uploaded with this app.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Prion diseases are a unique group of brain diseases in animals and humans which cause extensive damage to nerve cells in the brain, to which there is currently no effective treatment or cure. Some prion diseases can be transmitted to other animals through consumption of contaminated food. For example, food contaminated with BSE prions from cattle was responsible for the prion disease variant CJD in humans.
Soon after infection the prions first accumulate in tissues of the body's immune system such as the spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils, before spreading to the brain where the disease they cause destroys nerve cells.
During his lecture, Professor Neil Mabbott describes his research which shows how the prions exploit certain cells and components of the immune system to infect the body, and how this information may be used to block the spread of prions to the brain.


Turn 15 in style! This gorgeous ball gown is a great way to add elegance to your quinceanera party. Styed in a strapless look, this long gown in coral features a pleasing arrangement of beads and rhinestones on the corset bodice that is flanked by a straight neck and a natural waistline on both sides. An extensively flared poofy A line skirt reaches up to floor-length to create an endearing look that is enhanced with a sheer bolero jacket.


The College Board, the national educational organization, is conducting a search for a Associate Director/Director for the Higher Ed Services team.
The Associate Director/Director of Higher Education Services must have a broad understanding of the higher education landscape and expertise in enrollment management. This individual develops strong and impactful relationships that serve higher education institutions in achieving their enrollment goals. She/he will have a strong working knowledge of College Board programs and services and how they serve to support a wide variety of higher education institutions. Primary responsibilities include the development and implementation of detailed institutional account plans focused on relationship development, consultative sales, and the management of communications with key decision-makers.
The individual is responsible for working with Governance and State and District Partnership colleagues to support our work with regional member leaders. They will oversee special projects, including higher education workshops and other state and system policy initiatives.
Maintain in depth knowledge of higher education trends, issues, programs and services; including enrollment management, admissions, and financial aid.
Possess a deep understanding of College Board products and services with a special focus on defining a value proposition(s) that aligns directly to the needs of Higher Education and helps to drive significant mission impact.
Serve as thought leader for institutional goal development for enrollment leaders.
Service account management, which Includes building deep relationships with strategic higher education institutions, assisting with institutional strategies to meet goals, assisting with resolution of issues (billing, implementation, delivery), and insuring appropriate response by College Board programs.
Sales account management, which includes forecasting sales, preparing sales activity reports, collecting and maintaining updated client information, and developing new contacts and relationships with key decision-makers.
Manage sales for higher education products and service activities in assigned territory with defined goals for sales and service activity and demonstrating products and services to institutions.
Administer, coordinate and perform various assigned activities which may include: meeting with outside individuals or groups to provide information about College Board programs and services; maintaining records of contact and follow up; obtaining feedback from outside individuals or entities regarding programs and services; and conducting workshops, presentations and training as assigned.
Responsible for planning and coordinating account activity with program, marketing, and regional staff.
Maintains collaborative relationships with staff across the organization to produce work, and ensure performance that helps to meet set goals. Regular interaction with appropriate individuals from the Enrollment Services team, AP Higher Education team, Assessment Programs, Research, Global Advocacy, Government Relations, State and District Partnerships, and Membership. Contact usually by telephone/e-mail/Vidyo, with the purpose of collaborating to produce work, troubleshooting client issues, giving and receiving information, coordinating activities or scheduling.
Maintains significant and important contacts with offices of admissions, financial aid, and enrollment management.


text:
Cultural Trauma
Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity
Part of Cambridge Cultural Social Studies
Author: Ron Eyerman, Yale University, Connecticut
Date Published: December 2001
Hardback, eBook
In this book, Ron Eyerman explores the formation of the African-American identity through the theory of cultural trauma. The trauma in question is slavery, not as an institution or as personal experience, but as collective memory: a pervasive remembrance that grounded a people's sense of itself. Combining a broad narrative sweep with more detailed studies of important events and individuals, Eyerman reaches from Emancipation through the Harlem Renaissance, the Depression, the New Deal and the Second World War to the Civil Rights movement and beyond. He offers insights into the intellectual and generational conflicts of identity-formation which have a truly universal significance, as well as providing a compelling account of the birth of African-American identity. Anyone interested in questions of assimilation, multiculturalism and postcolonialism will find this book indispensable.
A broad historical perspective
A theory of African-American identity with universal significance
Very relevant to contemporary society
'The international social-scientific readership is by now trained to expect from Ron Eyerman research of the highest calibre and an above average quantity of insights and original observations … and the reader won't be disappointed … In this book, as in previous books, Eyerman explores a well-travelled ground but brings from his expedition findings which make it not seem to have been familiar at all. Eyerman has chosen to investigate trauma as a factor of identity formation and for that reason the importance of his findings reaches far beyond the challenging task of understanding African-American history. Trauma, genuine or retrospectively construed, processed by the sieve of intellectually recycled memo, acquires in the age of brand new and newly reawakened nationalisms, a truly universal significance.' Zygmuunt Baumann, Leeds University
'Ron Eyerman has written an extremely fascinating, intellectually exciting book showing how the cultural trauma of slavery has influenced African-American identity, from the period of slavery itself until the present.' Canadian Journal of Sociology Online
'Eyerman does well to incorporate blacks' globalized consciousness and to contextualize their shifting perspectives and concerns. This ambitious attempt to provide a framework for explaining black identity and social movements since emancipation offers intriguing insights that merit consideration.' Journal of American History
1. Cultural trauma and collective memory
2. Remembering and forgetting
3. Out of Africa
4. The black public sphere and the heritage of slavery
5. Memory and representation
6. Civil rights and black nationalism
Marketing Sample (87 KB)
Front Matter (82 KB)
Ron Eyerman, Yale University, Connecticut
Ronald Eyerman is the holder of the Segerstedt Chair of Sociology, and a fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioural Sciences at Stanford University (1900–2000). His recent publications include Music and Social Movements (Cambridge, 1998).
Blood Sacrifice and the Nation
Totem Rituals and the American Flag
Identity Before Identity Politics
The New American Cultural Sociology
Durkheimian Sociology
Society and Identity
Toward a Sociological Psychology
Social Differentiation, Consumption and Pleasure
Matters of Culture
Cultural Sociology in Practice
Social Philosophy and Policy
Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings…
Music and Social Movements
Mobilizing Traditions in the Twentieth Century
Demography, social statistics
Organisational sociology
Research methods in sociology and criminology
Sociology: general interest
Sociology of gender
Sociology of race and ethnicity
Sociology of science and medicine
Historical sociology


text:
ACROSS THE FRISCO TRAIN TRACKS
By Robert Taylor
Across the Frisco train tracks, in Tulsa Oklahoma during the early twentieth century, the people of the Greenwood District were called "Little Africa". Of course this name could be equated to the small immigrant towns like "Little Italy", but it was a derogatory jab at the recently freed slaves who were part of a forceful history they never asked to be a part of. False promises of retribution and freedom to pursue the American ideology fueled the black folks moving out west during this time. But the truth was, to the rest of America, black folks were not supposed to feel this way. Black folks were not supposed to travel with dreams along the same roads white men manifested the west with. However, little did they know across those train tacks was an affluent city. A conglomerate of black excellence and achievement beyond its time.
People who were told they were not supposed to have nice things owned more than just property but businesses and theatres. With Jim Crow infesting the recovering united country, segregation was in full effect. Most of the money Greenwood residents made went back to the community, considering black people weren't allowed to shop at white-owned businesses. Beautifully dressed men and women glittered the streets with class, strolling amongst the black owned property. Speaking with an education that black men and women, on the other side of the country, at the time, probably scoffed at as dreams or fantasies. Like a modern-day folk tale, the people of Greenwood lived in the closest thing to a utopia. Other than the racism they received outside of their town, they had the things America said black folks weren't supposed to have. They had newspapers that frequently talked about politics and the stock exchange, theatres and night clubs, multiple schools that were superior to the rest of the schools in that area in Tulsa and excellent hospitals. They had class distinctions that warranted their new nickname "Black Wall Street". They lived in a world so opposite of what we were told life was back then that all of this feels like fiction, however, every bit of success from the black folks that lived in Greenwood was true. With the same reverence they had towards their people during times of slavery and Jim Crow—their heads lifted high in the face of adversity—the people of Greenwood fought for the hope in a future where they wouldn't be seen as anything less. Little did they know they were living in a future that rivals areas in America almost hundred years later.
But with triumph always comes hate and jealousy, popping up like a blemish on the face of society. The most evil and socially contrived part of humanity that forgets about the innate good in people. White residents from other towns took notice of the thriving town of Greenwood. Especially white people who were in poorer neighborhoods with fewer job opportunities. After World War I, with all the soldiers coming home looking for work, there were fewer job opportunities than ever before. Terrorist groups like the KKK grew in numbers with people who were angry at their situation and wanted to look for someone to blame. On May 31st and June 1st 1921, these terrorists from all over Tulsa burned down every hospital and school and business they could find. They burned and lynched people as well, resulting in a slaughtering that lasted almost two days. Over 800 people were injured and up to 300 killed.
Whether it was the false sexual assault accusation of a black shoe shine boy that made the newspapers or just pure hatred that caused them to do this, either way a chunk of history was destroyed before they could probably even process what was happening. Sure it was a relatively small town compared to today's standards, but what they were able to accomplish at the time was nearly impossible. From 1921 there were movements and progressive steps towards civil rights. This thriving black town met its demise almost 50 years before Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination.
As black history month comes and goes a lot of times it feels like an afterthought. A plateau of obligation. Especially when we're finished with our primary and elementary school years and are in the real world where people don't care if you know (remember) history. After the first week of February, Black History Month feels like a novelty. It feels like a stagnant rehashing of the same faces and stories while others disappear and evaporate with the rest of history that wanders like ghosts. More stories like Greenwood should be told. They give weight to the human experience left out of history. It gives an existential look at ourselves and what would be remembered as future's history. They were people like us but had to survive with harsher more dehumanizing conditions. The survivors probably lived and died knowing this secret. Died with regrets and what ifs. If we don't know stories like these are we doomed to repeat them? What is going to be our Greenwood? What voice is going to be silenced to translucent in the next hundred years? What fight will we forget about? What else have we forgotten?
Reference: Weber, Brandon. "'Ever Heard of Black Wall Street'." 19 February 2016. TheProgressive.org
Robert Taylor is a student, who is pursuing his passion for writing. He loves all genres of writings and films, but has a soft spot for weird science fiction, finding inspiration from writers like George Saunders, Laurie Anderson, J.G. Ballard and countless others. He also has a degree in Criminal Justice. He lives in Long Island, New York.
If you have read the work in The Wild Word and like what we do, please put something in our tip jar.
PreviousLetters from Berlin
NextDear Growler


"Hangout with SimGuruRomeo, SimGuruRad, and SimGuruEmory as they continue to play LilSimsie's save. Who knows what shenanigans will ensue! And yes, SimGuruKate will be present in her Bob Pancakes bathrobe while SimGuruSteve tries to keep things under control."
This not a presentation of new content. The Gurus are playing the game and sharing the fun.
Sounds fun. I bet they have a Huge following.
It amuses me watching them 'try' to play the game.


Chris Ashton, the forgotten Englishman, is quickly becoming somewhat of a hero in Southern France. Edging closer to becoming the all time top try-scorer in Toulon colours, murmurs of what could have been are ever present, particularly with England faltering in the attacking department. But a Top14 Round 22 clash against Clermont was all Ashton needed to set the record straight and equal Napolioni Nalaga's tries scored in a single season.
The game looked to have been won after half an hour, with La Rochelle scoring three quick tries. Charles Bouldoire, Dany Priso and Tawera Kerr-Barlow all touching down. But despite Bordeaux's recent struggles, they made a game of it. Pierre Gayraud and Jandre Marais scored to put the pressure back on La Rochelle. The ever-reliable Alexis Bales came up with the goods in the dying stages to hand La Rochelle the bonus point – a huge victory that may determine their overall finish.
La Rochelle number eight Afaesetiti Amosa was once again the creator of so many opportunities for the home side. He made 14 carries that built solid momentum, and a top four place is becoming ever more realistic. Fortunately, a 10 point cushion over Stade Francais may just be enough for Bordeaux not to get embroiled in the battle at the foot of the table.
Stade have been involved in some epic encounters this season. The visit of Toulouse was no different. Given their recent form, Stade really took it to their visitors – scoring four tries and yet still emerging as the losing side. Jules Plisson's recent form hasn't been to standard he himself would want it to be, but to kick the penalty in the last play of the game, rewarded his side with a losing bonus point. Toulouse set a precedence – two early tries and Maxime Medard's second half score pushed the scoreline out of Stade's reach.
Zack Holmes played the starring role for Toulouse. A 100% kicking display really helped Toulouse keep the scoreboard ticking over and scoring at every opportunity. Having gone from a twelfth place finish last season, Toulouse are quickly becoming title contenders and keep the pressure on Toulon and Racing. Stade's losing bonus point gives some hope as they continue to cling on to relegation survival.
Team-of-the-moment Oyonnax looked to be building momentum after four straight victories but a fifth wasn't to be. Pau's untarnished winning run at home since October continues, with a comfortable victory. The home side hit back for an early Mitch Inman try for Oyonnax, with three of their own. Wotisoni Votu the standout, with a bull dozing run after the second half restart to touch down in the corner. A disrupted second half failed to provide the entertainment the first 40 did, but Oyonnax did get the final say through Benjamin Geladen after some sustained pressure.
The loss means Oyonnax drop to the foot of the table, but their fate hasn't been sealed just yet. A week's break will mean they will be refreshed to face Brive and Agen in the coming rounds, who sit just above them. With only three points separating certain relegation with survival, two wins could see them remaining in the Top14 for another season. A ninth win in 10 for Pau, has elevated them on a path that could see them making it in to the playoffs; just reward for their run of form.
Both teams needed the win to help their case for survival and with Oyonnax falling to Pau, an opportunity to gain ground certainly opened. Brive were duly rewarded in a try-less game – a game that came down to the kickers. Both defences held out and neither found any openings. Gaetan Germain held his nerve for Brive keeping his side in front for the duration. Jake McIntyre and Hugo Verdu on the other hand missed a couple of kicks that could have proved crucial in the final outcome; as well as for their entire season's fate.
Despite a third loss in a row, Agen came away with a point to put them level with Stade in twelfth place.
On the other hand, this was Brive's first win in seven league games, and moves them back in to 13th place. Replacing Oyonnax, the players did not 'jump for joy' post-match, with four crucial games still to play in the monumental relegation battle.
The league leaders cruised to a comfortable bonus point win over Castres. Montpellier's South African contingent once again showing their strength. Former Springbok Bismarck du Plessis scoring two of Montpellier's five tries. Ruan Pienaar's kicking was near faultless and even Frans Steyn got in on the action with a drop goal. Castres failed to handle the might of the hosts' back three – Jesse Mogg, Nemani Nadolo and Benjamin Fall all wreaking havoc in attack. Joe Tomane's move to inside centre proving hugely influential to accommodate Fall, resulted in him scoring and attacking the Castres defence.
Montpellier's winning run at home continues and remain in top spot ahead of the European quarter finals this weekend. Castres, in eighth, succumb to their third loss in four games. What once looked a likely prospect, a top six finish is quickly fading into the distance.
A dominant Toulon were unrelenting in their attack against Clermont, who were kept pointless for the first time since 2005. In a seven try demolition, Toulon starved Clermont of possession in the first half. Costly errors compounded Clermont's inexperience at times they did secure the ball.
Toulon's man-of-the-moment Ashton scored his twenty-first try of the season and now equals Nalaga's record for tries scored in a single season. He would have likely secured the record had Malakai Fekitoa not touched down for his two tries. With Ashton's two support runs, he would have scored his twenty-second and twenty-third.
There were bright spots for Clermont under the circumstances; Damian Penaud the only player to cause Toulon any trouble. A series of line breaks and arcing runs gave Clermont opportunities, only for them to dissolve any ball. Likewise the timely return of Camille Lopez will provide some hope ahead of their Champions Cup quarter final tie with Racing.
A tense finish for Lyon saw them needing 10 points to secure victory in the final 10 minutes of the game. With the game locked at 15-24, ill discipline cost Racing two of their players. Remi Tales was sent to the bin for collapsing a maul while Ben Tameifuna was given his marching orders for repeated infringements at the breakdown. Both incidents could have warranted penalty tries, being so close to the Racing line. Lionel Beauxis eventually crossing with a well worked move to give his side one last opportunity to win. Despite Lyon recovering possession, a late knock on ruled out any last gasp win, but 22 Beauxis points did secure a losing bonus point.
With Racing clinging on to victory, they remain in second place and keep the pressure on Montpellier. A top six finish isn't over for Lyon, who sit just four points away in seventh, but home form is crucial if they're to secure any chance of a playoff place.
With the break in league fixtures to accommodate the the Champions and Challenge Cup quarter finals, a week off will be a welcome sight for certain teams. Only four rounds remain of the normal season and yet at either end of the table, places are still not yet confirmed.
Whilst it may be a little more easier to identify a potential top six, predicting who will face the drop is becoming increasingly more difficult. Only three points separating the bottom four will make for an intense and exciting finale. One not to be missed.
Rugby writer focusing predominantly on Aviva Premiership and Top14. Big fan of Super Rugby and all things international. Covered World Rugby U20 Championships in Georgia (2017) for LWOR, ESPN and Rugby World. Planning for RWC in Japan 2019.


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Homepage News Focus on new faculty: Yongfeng Zhang, taking materials to the extreme
Focus on new faculty: Yongfeng Zhang, taking materials to the extreme
Written By: Adam Malecek
The materials used in nuclear reactors have a tough job. They must withstand extreme conditions, including high temperatures, intensive radiation and high stress.
Over time, these punishing conditions will take a toll on the materials, making them less reliable than when they were freshly made. And if a material in a reactor degrades to the point where it loses important properties, there's often not an easy fix.
"It's expensive and extremely difficult to replace or repair a piece of material in a nuclear reactor, and many times we can't do so," says Yongfeng Zhang, who joined the engineering physics department as an assistant professor in fall 2019. "Basically once a material is in a reactor, it's likely there for years or even decades. So we have to understand how materials evolve, or degrade, and how their properties change as a function of the reactor's operating time."
With his research, Zhang aims to gain a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that cause materials to degrade in extreme conditions. This knowledge will allow him to assess if a piece of material is still reliable after a certain service time in current reactors, and also aid in developing new materials that can perform better in future reactors.
"Ultimately, our goal is to help make nuclear energy more affordable and even safer," he says. "Nuclear energy produces nearly 20% of all the electricity in the United States and doesn't emit greenhouses gas, so it is critical for our energy reliability in the future and for mitigating climate change."
Zhang's expertise is in multi-scale modeling and simulation of materials, and his research focuses on the microstructure—the fine structure of materials seen with a microscope.
"In extreme conditions, the microstructure of materials change, most of the time in an unfavorable way," he says. "So I'm trying to figure out how the microstructure evolves under these conditions using multi-scale modeling and simulation."
He uses computer simulations to create models of how a material's individual atoms will move and interact with each other in response to the extreme environment. From these atomic-scale models, he draws out the fundamental physical mechanisms responsible for the material's degradation.
"But we're not just stopping there," Zhang says. "Instead, we want to use the mechanisms extracted from the atomic scale to develop scientific models that can predict material behavior at applicable human scales, such as meters and seconds."
Zhang earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Science and Technology of China and his PhD from Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute, all in mechanical engineering. After earning his PhD, he began working as a researcher at Idaho National Lab, which stoked his interest in nuclear materials.
"I really like working on nuclear materials because it is an area rich with fundamental science while also having a clear applied purpose," he says. "It would make me very proud if some of my research ends up being used in nuclear reactors in the future."
And the impact of his research could extend beyond nuclear energy. For example, it could be useful for predicting how materials will behave in other types of harsh conditions, such as in extremely cold or underwater environments.
At Idaho National Lab, Zhang advanced to a senior staff scientist position and led the computational microstructure science group in the lab's fuel modeling and simulation department before joining UW-Madison.
He says the engineering physics department's excellent reputation for research and training students attracted him to the university.
"UW-Madison has an outstanding research community and the students are very talented," he says. "I'm excited by the opportunities to collaborate with EP faculty as well as faculty in the mechanical engineering and materials science and engineering departments to do impactful research in the nuclear energy field."
In spring 2020, Zhang is teaching a course on engineering problem solving using Matlab, and says he's especially enjoying the teaching aspects of his new role. "It's very rewarding to interact with the students and to see them grow as engineers," he says.
View all Engineering Physics articles
Nuclear engineering student crowned Miss America 2023


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Veteran's employment lawsuit trial starts Oct. 1
The case of an Army National Guard member suing his former employer for not taking him back in the same job after serving overseas in Operation Iraqi Freedom is scheduled to start Oct. 1.
Andrae Evans of Rochester sued Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. in 2009, alleging the company violated the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act by offering him a sales agent job on his return from duty, instead of a sales manager job.
According to Evans' suit, he was working for MassMutual as a sales manager based out of its downtown Rochester office since October 2003, but was called to active duty in April 2004 as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Evans alleges that when he was released from active duty in November 2006 and applied to return to MassMutual, the firm and his supervisor, William D. Costello, offered a lesser position. Evans is suing for reinstatement and $700,000 in lost wages, commissions and benefits.
The Reemployment Rights Act guarantees that a veteran returning from a military deployment will be reemployed and given a job that he or she would have held if not for being deployed.
The insurance company, meanwhile, has argued that Evans was never an employee, but was an independent contractor and a sales agent when he left for Operation Iraqi Freedom — the same job he was offered on his return.
U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York Charles Siragusa disagreed in an October 2009 ruling, saying that the definition of employee under the Reemployment Rights Act is broader than what MassMutual argued.
And in 2012, U.S. District Judge David Larimer ruled similarly, saying that such labels as "independent contractor" don't necessarily mean a person is automatically not an employee.
And in his ruling against MassMutual as it sought to have the case thrown out, Larimer wrote that there "is some evidence that (Evans) had been performing at least some managerial duties at the time of his deployment."


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Home Special Reports Page 2
Technology and Gear
False Advertising – SOMCABLE Chairman Lies About his Philanthropic Activities in Somaliland
Special Reports Staff - November 8, 2019
On October 29, 2019 Mr. Mohamed Said Guedi, one of the wealthiest businessmen in Somaliland, the owner of somcable, MSG and...
False Advertising – Did Dahabshiil Group Bring SAMSUNG to Somaliland or Open an Electronics...
Special Reports Staff - October 27, 2019
On October 22nd 2019, the Vice President of Somaliland HE Abdirahman Abdallahi Ismail Saylici inaugurated a flagship SAMSUNG store in Hargeisa.
The President of Somaliland HE Muse Bihi Abdi convened an extraordinary session of his cabinet meeting on Saturday to discuss implementation...
GEOSOL: How Mayor SOLTELCO and his Friends Plan to Make Millions in Unlawful Taxes...
Special Reports Staff - August 28, 2019
On March 26th, 2018 President of Somaliland HE Muse Bihi Abdi unveiled a program by Hargeisa Municipality to modernize and manage...
Dangerously Unregulated: The Dire Conditions at Hargeisa Group Hospital
Special Reports Staff - June 30, 2019
If you need medical attention from one of the publicly run hospitals in Somaliland such as Hargeisa Group Hospital, make sure...
Expert Fallacy – How The Civil Service Commission Spent 2 Million Dollars on Kenyan...
Special Reports Staff - June 3, 2019
In November 2016, the Former Chairman of the Civil Service Commission Mr. Sharmarke Geele and officials from the World Bank unveiled...
Expert Fallacy – The Implosion of Aktis Strategy and the Unmitigated Risk of Corrupt...
Special Reports Staff - April 23, 2019
Aktis Strategy, a major contractor for the United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom (FCO) went into bankruptcy...
Murky Refinery – How Realistic is the Proposed Oil Refinery in Berbera, Somaliland?
On April 10, 2019 the Vice President of the Republic of Somaliland Mr. Abdirahman Saylici and a delegation of cabinet ministers...
Djibouti's Undue Influence over Somaliland and the Case Against Mr. Ahmed Osman Geele
Special Reports Staff - April 4, 2019
Mr. Ahmed Osman Geele also known as Ina Geele Arab is one of the most prominent businessmen in Somaliland and the owner...
Salt in Our Eyes – How The Minister of Investment conceded 150 km2 of...
Special Reports Staff - March 17, 2019
In October 2018, Somaliland's Ministry of Investment and Salternas signed an agreement to develop the world's largest solar salt production facility...


berlingo 1.9 600d lx 2004 alternator removal?
hi, im changing it because the battery light is staying on when the van is at a stand still and only goes off when I drive, ive had it changed by a mechanic this evening and its not a job I would have been able to do myself. But after all that, the problem is still there.
(30-09-2011, 07:20 PM)zed35467 Wrote: hi, im changing it because the battery light is staying on when the van is at a stand still and only goes off when I drive, ive had it changed by a mechanic this evening and its not a job I would have been able to do myself. But after all that, the problem is still there.
have u thought about testing your battery condition. any place that sells batteries should have a battery test kit.


1,515 sq ft. Adorable 3 Bedroom, 2 Full Baths and a Pool, Mid-Century Home with Beautiful Terrazo Floors and Split Floor plan. This home is light and airy. The living areas and bedrooms opens to the enclose pool area making it an inviting spot perfect for entertaining. The outdoor offers a grill ready for cookouts and family gatherings. The Front and Backyard offers a beautiful Certified Florida Friendly Landscape and the back yard has a raised box for growing herbs and vegetables. The home has new windows and a newer Kitchen. Additional unheated sq ft, originally a garage and could be easily converted back. There is additional space perfect to store your boat or toys.


*Disclosure: This post has been sponsored by RIOJA WINE. All opinions are my own.
When I want to prepare a special meal for us, tapas and a good bootle of red wine are always high on the list. Tapas are fun to prepare, eat and share with the ones you love.
What are tapas exactly? They are small snacks (canapés) served in Spanish bars alongside drinks. Even though they are meant as little bites, I love eating several tapas with a high-quality Spanish wine as a main meal. There is something so enjoyable about getting to eat small servings of many different flavours and textures in just one meal. Maybe my tastebuds are a bit greedy, but good food and wine are two of life's little pleasures.
The concept of tapas is not only a popular one in Spain, nowadays people around the world have incorporated traditional Spanish tapas with their own local cuisines. Tapas have long been high up on the food pedestal and their modern evolution has skyrocketed them into spectacular culinary heights. If you've never eaten tapas then you are seriously missing out.
For our latest romantic tapas dinner I incorporated traditional Spanish flavours with touches of Mexico and Denmark. I served patatas alioli (or alioli potatoes) with cilantro instead of parsley, a type of cured Spanish sausage (salchichon español), fried Serrano peppers sprinkled with sea salt (in lieu of Padron peppers), creamy Danish blue cheese, pimento asado (roasted sweet peppers), chopped shrimp cooked with smoked paprika (to make for easier servings on bread), black and green olives, slices of a crunchy baguette from the bakery and an excellent bottle of Rioja red wine. The meal consisted of salty, spicy, sweet, tart, creamy and crunchy tastes and textures. The meal was an absolute success — it was a match made in foodie heaven!
Hosting a romantic tapas dinner for two is easy and inexpensive. Throw in a nice bottle of Rioja red and you've got yourself a gourmet dinner.
Heat the oven to 190c or 375f and line a baking sheet with baking paper, set aside. Mix all of the spices and oil until well combined. After cleaning the peppers rub the oil and spice mixture until each pepper half is well coated. Place on baking sheet with inside of pepper facing down and roast 20 minutes then flip and roast for another 10-15 minutes until they are completely soft. (Pay extra attention to the poblano because they are thinner and it can burn.) Remove from the oven and baking sheet and place on a plate. Allow to cool then peel away the skin, plate and set aside until ready to serve.
Please follow the instructions on the recipe here.
Heat the oil and sauté the garlic until soft. Next add the shrimp and cook until firm and when they have turned pink. Quickly mix in the paprika and sea salt and stir until they have coated the shrimp well. Allow to cook another 4 minutes, turn heat off and place inside serving container until ready to serve.
Heat the oil in and once hot add the chiles. Allow to brown and softened -- about 5-8 minutes. Remove from pan and sprinkle with sea salt right before serving.
Arrange a plate with the fried Serrano peppers, blue cheese slices and Spanish cured sausage. Place the bread slices in a large container or basket. The sweet roasted peppers too should be placed inside a serving bowl/plate -- as should be the cooked shrimp. Make sure to have plenty of serving utensils for each tapa. Allow each person to assemble their tapas as desired and serve with a glass of your favourite Rioja wine.
We all know that good food served with good wine makes for a gourmet experience. Our scrumptious tapas dinner could not have been as delicious as it was without the bottle of Crianza red from the Arienzo de Marqués de Riscal vineyard in Spain's Rioja wine growing region. The wine was a great choice because it complimented all of the tastes and textures of our tapas meal perfectly. The colour is a deep red with scents of fruit, the taste is full, clean and very pleasant. This wine has a lot of character; The gorgeous flavours linger in your mouth without overpowering your tastebuds or food.
Let's face it, when it comes to wine most of us know very little — other than we like to drink ones that taste good, of course. Like many people, I feel a bit of intimidation when having to choose a bottle of wine. I did some research to help us all shed some of our wine fears. I can honestly tell you that now after having discovered wines from Spain's Rioja region, I feel less intimidated — and you will too.
Rioja wines are called the best food pairing wines on Earth by many chefs and sommeliers around the world. Who better to trust then these professionals. These wines are created to be ready to drink upon pulling the cork. They are designed with a lower alcohol content and acidity so they can enhance the flavour of food and not overpower it. It doesn't matter if it's a white, rose or red that you choose, Rioja wines will pair perfectly with any food you served them with — be it Spanish, Mediterranean, fusion or international dishes. And for those days when you just want to relax with a glass you can't go wrong with one of these delectable vintages.
I learned so much about Rioja wines and now I'd love to help you choose your own bottle. The first thing you want to look for is the "Denominación de Origen Calificada" or DOCa seal. This ensures that each wine (vineyard) meets the strict qualifications required to be authentically Rioja. The next thing you'll look for is the classification of wine which denotes the ageing process of the wine. (This applies to all three: white, rose and red wines.) The labels are green for "Cosecha" grade that defines young wines with little or no oak ageing, then there's the red stamp denoting "Crianza" or wines harvested 2 years ago with a least one year in oak. Next is the burgundy label for "Reserva" that is aged one year in oak and two more in the bottle. Lastly is the "Gran Reserva" which spend at least 2 years in oak and 3 in bottle — but these are wines made for exceptional vintages.
Whichever variety and classification you choose just know that your wallet will not suffer. It is pretty impressive how a very affordable bottle of Rioja wine won't leave you sacrificing quality or taste. Most of these wines are priced around $15 a bottle but you can even come across a 2004 vintage for around $30 or less — now that's impressive!
What a Spanish feast… and well paired with a true Rioja red!!! I love Rioja wines for their versatility, quality, and affordable price.
Yeah, tapas and a nice bottle of red wine are a perfect dinner. So this is a perfect post! Thanks so much.
Mouthwatering food and lovely wine! I love Rioja.
Oh, wow! I want to come to your house for tapas! Everything looks incredible! I'll try to remember this wine pairing…I have a feeling it was a perfect fit!
Whenever Bobby and I are in Santa Fe we stop at our favorite tapas restaurant and hang out for a couple of hours. Finger food and wine – YUM! I love the simply tapas that you're sharing! They all sounds so good, but I really need to try the shrimp with smoked paprika. Thanks Nancy!
No soy muy conocedora de vinos, pero lo que sí sé es que los vinos de la Rioja me gustan, me gustan mucho. Me encanta que en Lima los podamos conseguir.
I'm always looking for new wines to try so I'm excited to try the wine you mentioned!
The photography alone speaks Spanish! Nice selection of dish and wine!
This is my favorite way to entertain. It's perfect grazing food, coupled with awesome wine. Always guaranteed to please.
Thanks for the info on choosing the right wine, this is a lovely post.
We love tapas, small plates, and often do that at home by pulling together tidbits of cheese, sausages, olives, bread/crackers, and wine — what a treat! You have put together a beautiful assortment of flavors and delights. YUM!
I love to try a tapas meal… It looks so inviting.


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STEPHANIE HART
The Life of an Author
Author Stephanie Hart
Why Writing Is The Ultimate Kind of Emotional Catharsis
Authors, poets, and playwrights have been writing for so many reasons throughout history. Some have written because of political circumstances, others have written because they had patrons that demanded written artistry. However, a huge reason why the best writing in the world exists is because of catharsis.
Catharsis originated from Aristotle's concept of the feeling that one gets after watching a full play where there is an emotional climax. The word means to cleanse or purge. So how does this play into writers' motivations? Let's break this down.
What Is Catharsis in Modern Times?
These days, catharsis is a term used by psychologists to describe the releasing of emotions that are held firmly within a person. Many people with issues such as a traumatic mother-daughter relationship often keep their feelings deeply buried inside. By not releasing those feelings, they can develop unhealthy, harmful behavior.
In cases like these, mental health professionals can recommend a cathartic action that will help get those emotions off somebody's chest.
Ways of Writing For Catharsis
Writing about my family, my years at boarding school as well as my personal growth has been hugely releasing, while at the same time allowing me to turn both painful and poignant experiences into a collection of memoirs and stories that I am proud of.
However, you don't always have to go and write a memoir to get catharsis! Journaling is a great way to release everything you keep bottled up inside of you without worrying about how smoothly it reads.
Other people like to write poetry or short stories as a way to feel their emotions. Whether you write about your real-life or use fictional characters, if you're releasing emotional stress, then keep on going!
How To Keep Being Emotionally Honest
It's not easy to write about your true feelings, so most people struggle to do so. This struggle doesn't mean you have failed. It is part of the process. Try and find a private spot where you won't be disturbed. It helps to have some pictures or videos that can get you inspired.
Most importantly: don't be afraid to cry or take breaks as you write. The surge of emotion you're feeling will not defeat you; it will only leave you feeling lighter and stronger.
What will eventually emerge is a series of written pieces that will give you so much insight into your own life and your patterns. It's like looking into your mind from an outside perspective.
My short memoirs were just as emotionally challenging to write. Check out my book "Mirror Mirror: A Collection of Memoirs and Stories" for some inspiration into cathartic writing. It's available on Amazon and Barnes and Noble. Happy writing to you all!
6 Surprising Ways Reading Fiction Benefits Your Mental Health
Why Books Are The Perfect Christmas Gift | Infographic
8 Steps For Moving Past Childhood Emotional Wounds as An Adult
© 2020 by Lori Armstrong. Proudly created with Wix.com


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Searching for Songs with Shakespeare in a Troubled Time
Today's NY Times Front Page
A time of paranoia. A time of threats within and without. An old way of life has been discarded in favor of a new world of new ideas, sacred and profane. Burning convictions, resentment, plots, a controversial leader, terror and Holy War. Being on the wrong side of the state is ruin, and the wrong side of your faith, damnation. A time of darkness and confusion desperate for a light.
Welcome to Elizabethan England. The treacherous world inhabited by William Shakespeare. The man who reinvented a nation on the edge of destruction.
"You can take away cricket, you can lose the last night of the Proms, you can even lose an empire, but if you lose Shakespeare — as far as I'm concerned — there is no England anymore." Declares historian Simon Schama in the opening of his series Shakespeare and Us.
This two-part BBC series (available on Curiosity Stream) places us in the fraught world of Shakespeare. A time when the Pope had granted a ticket to paradise to whoever would kill the "bastard" and Protestant Queen Elizabeth I. Barely a generation after her father Henry VIII had made his separation with Rome, his son had smashed the ancient stained-glass windows of the churches, and his first daughter had attempted to reinstate the old religion through terror; Elizabeth replaced the worship of the Virgin Mary with the cult of the Virgin Queen. Meanwhile, her spies instituted a security state to stave off rebellion from within, as the Catholic monarchs of Europe eyed her crown from abroad.
If ever Joseph Campbell's insistence that all ages need their unifying myth were true, then Shakespeare's was such an age. And he had a powerful new means to communicate his vision: the stage. The subject he chose was England herself. The time, the Wars of the Roses, the bloody civil wars over the crown of England. And by turning those exhausting slog-fests of names and dates into exciting drama, unforgettable characters and thrilling action, he created a new vision of England. One that the English have relied upon through the centuries, whether during the Blitz or to this day.
But for the heroic patriotism of the cry "For Harry, England and St. George!" Shakespeare's vision was not one of blind nationalism nor of cynical criticism. Instead he used his history plays "to hold a mirror up" to his own times. To reveal both the heroes and the villains, the high and the low, the centers of power and the landscape of the sceptred isle in its honest glory.
With infinite compassion, Shakespeare laid before his audiences themselves, their land, their leaders. A vision as wide, gentle yet crude, loving and base, comic and tragic, as all-encompassing as old Jack Falstaff himself. And, in doing so, he created an idea that could touch all of England's people, caution its leaders and comment on his times.
We live in times like Shakespeare's. A similar moment. The old myths of our nation may be dead, but they haunt us daily in the victim's of mass shootings by the disaffected and deranged who cling desperately to an older vision of the world. They're in our desire to protect both our selves, our nation and our liberty. Present in our fear of war, of our neighbors and nations, of immigrants, of pretenders, of tyrants, of our past, of this ever-changing world.
Our national dialogue has devolved into two choirs endlessly preaching to themselves. The only interaction between the two camps of this new civil war exist online in nasty Facebook memes and hateful comments, and in confrontations between the armed and unarmed on our streets.
Everyone deplores the chaos, cries out for it to end. But we don't know how to even begin.
In The Power of Myth, Joseph Campbell warned about the chaos of a culture without a unifying myth. Shakespeare responded to the hero's "call to adventure", traversed the "dark forest", faced the dragon and returned with a boon to mankind. Today we must all respond to this call. We must all be heroes.
We must search for the raw materials from which to reconstruct our myth of America, liberty, fraternity and equality, the West, the world. Learn to transform our hatreds and fears into understanding and empowerment. Discover how to use that great force of communication of our day, the internet, as Shakespeare used the stage.
Whether the subject be in space, or fantasy, modern drama, our own history or a combination, I am unsure. But I am certain we all need to look for that thing that will the hold the mirror up to ourselves, to allow us all to laugh and weep and thrill and, finally, to heal.
That other "Great" man of England, King Alfred said, "In prosperity a man is often puffed up with pride, whereas tribulations chasten and humble him…In the midst of prosperity the mind is elated…in hardship he is forced to reflect on himself, even though he be unwilling."
In this time of hardship, no matter how unwilling or afraid, we must force ourselves to reflect, to accept the hero's call like Shakespeare. And we must do it in the manner of Shakespeare: with exacting honesty, unflagging commitment and all-soothing compassion. We must use our new great medium as Shakespeare used his stage, to spread what our reflection teaches us. The time of the "Great Man" who changes history may be past, but today, with the internet, we can all be great. Billions of heroes, billions of great people, singing their portion of a great song of a great people.
What will your verse be?
2 Comments	| tags: current events, news, opinion	| posted in editorial, film, Joseph Campbell, News, Shakespeare, the arts, visual arts, writing


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Home : Ethics : Specific Issues : Vaccination : Is mandatory vaccination ethically justifiable?
Is mandatory vaccination ethically justifiable? Yes — the flow-on harms are too great.
Margaret Somerville*
Project comment
Note the broad definition of "anti-vaxxer" (adopted only for convenience in the article and flagged by quotation marks) and the distinction between "involuntary" (forcible) and "non-voluntary" (coercive) vaccination.
What ethical issues do mandatory interventions to limit the spread of the Covid-19 virus raise — in particular, mandatory vaccination? Asked another way, what weight should be given to the arguments of "anti-vaxxers" who oppose mandatory vaccination?
I am not addressing here "involuntary vaccination" — namely, rounding up people and vaccinating them against their will, although in highly dangerous infectious disease situations, Public Health authorities can have powers to impose treatment. Rather, I am focussed on what could be described as "non-voluntary vaccination", the person can avoid vaccination, but only by making a choice they do not want to make.
"Anti-vaxx" reasoning
First, we need to recognise that people who oppose mandatory Covid-19 vaccination can belong to three different groups: those who oppose all vaccinations; those who are vaccine hesitant, because they are uncertain about the Covid-19 vaccine's safety or efficacy, or its side effects, or they do not trust the promoters of vaccination; and those who oppose only mandatory Covid-19 vaccination.
For my purposes here, I include them all within the designation "anti-vaxxers".
Leaving aside the reasons of the "anti-vaxxers" who oppose all vaccinations, or those who are vaccine hesitant, the basis of the opposition of "anti-vaxxers" who oppose only mandatory vaccination is twofold.
First, mandatory vaccination breaches the individual's right to autonomy and to self-determination regarding the integrity of their own body. This right is implemented in both law and ethics, through the requirements of the doctrine of informed consent to medical treatment, which includes the right to refuse all treatment. Second, they object to the state's interference with individual citizens' exercise of their right to liberty, and they especially fear that it could set a precedent for the validation of authoritarian exercises of state power in a broad variety of contexts in the future.
In short, these "anti-vaxxers" might not be opposed to vaccination against Covid-19, but just to its being mandatory. Many of them are not just opponents of mandatory vaccination, but of anything mandatory when it comes to protecting people from Covid-19 and stopping its spread — such as requiring masks, ordering lockdowns, and imposing social distancing.
Whatever their reasons, those opposing mandatory vaccination do so although it would protect the vaccinated person against contracting Covid-19, and, if contracted, reduce its seriousness and the likelihood of hospitalisation and death, and substantially diminish the risk of passing the virus on to others.
I have written previously about the ethical use of the state's power in imposing mandatory measures to protect public health, and explained that the state, or the person or body promulgating such measures, has the burden of proof of the justification of such interventions. That said, we are seeing mandatory vaccination requirements, particularly in workplaces, becoming commonplace. One employee in such a workplace has approached the Victorian Supreme Court challenging their legal validity — consequently, we might soon have a judicial ruling. However, whichever side the Court might come down on, are these measures ethically justified?
Can mandatory Covid-19 vaccination be ethically justified?
The "anti-vaxxers" would say no. I would agree with their position, if the sole purpose of the vaccination were to protect the vaccinated person. In that case, the person has the right to decide for themselves about vaccination and it should not be mandatory. However, even then, refusing vaccination could be unethical depending on all the circumstances. The consequences of Covid-19 infection can go beyond the direct health effect of the virus on the person infected.
For example, for a woman, who is the single mother of several young children, who will be orphaned if she dies of Covid-19, to refuse vaccination, I suggest, could be unethical, unless vaccination is contra-indicated for her on medical grounds. The same could be true for a person who is a carer for a fragile or vulnerable person, who will be deprived of care without the carer. Additionally, the vulnerable or fragile person is at high risk of serious illness or death if they contract Covid-19 and that leads to the next consideration relevant to assessing the ethical acceptability of mandatory vaccination.
Justification of mandatory Covid-19 vaccination
Vaccination does not protect only the individual from Covid-19; it protects other individuals with whom one comes in contact and, by eliciting "herd immunity" when a certain high percentage of the population is vaccinated, it also protects the community, including those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.
I propose that the latter, and those with a serious conscientious objection to the antecedents of a vaccine, are the only people who have a valid justification for being exempt from justified mandatory vaccination.
Moreover, it is not just other people in general who are placed at risk by a person's refusal to be vaccinated; it can be particular people — for example, the person's fellow workers. An employee who needs a job to support her family must choose between the risk of contracting Covid-19 incurred by going to work with unvaccinated people and losing her job. I propose that she has a stronger ethical claim to a requirement for the mandatory vaccination of her fellow employees, than does the "anti-vaxxer" who loses their job in the same workplace because they refuse vaccination. They have a far less risky unwanted choice — namely, that of vaccination — than does the woman who makes the unwanted choice to work in a workplace of unvaccinated fellow workers.
This situation when there is no "no harm" option and we must choose who will be harmed, is called in ethics "a world of competing sorrows". An ethical guiding principle for making such a choice is to implement a preference in favour of the weakest, most vulnerable, most in-need person. Others are nonmaleficence (to choose according to doing the least harm) and beneficence (choosing to do the most good). When both nonmaleficence and beneficence cannot be realised, nonmaleficence takes priority over beneficence.
Flow-on harms of Covid-19 spread
A big worry and a major ethical problem in the Covid-19 pandemic is that of our hospitals being overwhelmed, especially intensive care units (ICUs), with critically ill Covid patients. I believe we all have an obligation to do what we can to prevent this, and at present what we can do is be vaccinated. The "anti-vaxxers" do not address this issue, or, if they do, they minimise or deny its seriousness.
I have been musing on whether the "anti-vaxxers" should go to the end of the queue if they need such care, but that would raise other ethical problems and, so far, I have been told, a person's vaccination status is not being factored in in allocating treatment when there is a shortage. Moreover, this problem extends beyond Covid-19 patients. If Covid-19 patients overwhelm the hospitals' resources, people needing critical care for other medical emergencies cannot obtain it — yet another harm of not doing everything we need to do, especially vaccination, to keep to the achievable minimum the spread of Covid-19.
A closely related serious issue is the toll on all staff in healthcare institutions, particularly healthcare professionals, of working in conditions of maximum stress.
This arises from a wide variety of sources: seeing otherwise healthy young people die; fear for their own safety and that of their families and loved ones; the burden of working in oppressive, but necessary, personal protective equipment; knowing that many ambulances with seriously ill Covid-19 patients are lined up on the ramp and no beds are available in ICU; needing to make life and death decisions; and so on.
If justified mandatory vaccination in precisely defined contexts can effectively address even some of these issues, I propose it is not only ethical, but ethically required. "Justified" means that mandatory vaccination must be the least invasive, least restrictive alternative reasonably available and likely to be effective to achieve the goal of minimising, as far as possible, the spread of Covid-19, and the risks, harms, and consequences that go along with it.


Where an alteration affects the accessibility to a, or contains an area of, primary function, the route to the primary function area shall be accessible. The accessible route to the primary function area shall include toilet facilities and drinking fountains serving the area of primary function.
1. The costs of providing the accessible route are not required to exceed 20 percent of the costs of the alterations affecting the area of primary function.
2. This provision does not apply to alterations limited solely to windows, hardware, operating controls, electrical outlets and signs.
3. This provision does not apply to alterations limited solely to mechanical systems, electrical systems, installation or alteration of fire protection systems and abatement of hazardous materials.
4. This provision does not apply to alterations undertaken for the primary purpose of increasing the accessibility of a facility.
5. This provision does not apply to altered areas limited to Type B dwelling and sleeping units.


Sample quality control in NGS workflows is vital to generating valuable results. In this video, catch the highlights from Justus Olijslager's presentation on NGS and sample quality control during the Europe Biobanking Week in Antwerp. Watch the full presentation here.


text:
Aldeilis (EN)
Truth - Justice - Peace
Home→Terrorism - 11 September 2001→The four flights→Flight UA93→The day that changed America
← Government keeping more secrets in name of national security
Shanksville-Flight 93: Many Unanswered Questions Still Linger →
The day that changed America
Aldeilis (EN) Posted on 21. July 2006 by Administrator 21. July 2006
By Robb Frederick
TRIBUNE-REVIEW
http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_90823.html
Were you watching TV?
Did you stand there, slack-jawed, staring at the tape loop, seeing the tower explode again and again when the jet plowed through?
Did you feel for those people, at their desks, drinking coffee, then caught in a hellfire so hot they just had to jump, their neckties snapping like kite tails as they fell 84 floors? And the people in the street, their necks craned, their cheeks wet, their hearts breaking; their Prada bags dropped as the first tower rumbled and they ran, panicked, like extras in a Godzilla film?
John Shaw did. He stood in front of the set at Westmoreland County's 911 center. He saw the fireball, the smoke, the investment bankers at the window. He heard the phone ring.
"We are being hijacked," the man on the other end said.
He sat down. The man on the line was crying, trying hard to hold himself together. He'd be dead in six minutes.
He talked fast. His name was Edward Felt. F-E-L-T. He was on United Airlines Flight 93. To San Francisco. He had locked himself in the bathroom.
The plane had been hijacked turned an explosion white smoke.
"We're going down," he said. "We're going down."
"?"?"??-
Val McClatchey heard the 757 roar over Indian Lake, three miles east of where it would crash. She had been watching the "Today" show, with footage from New York, and now the Pentagon.
She looked out the window, above the red barns. She caught a glimpse of it, like light off a watch face. Then nothing, and then a boom that nearly knocked her off the couch.
The lights went out. The phones, too.
She grabbed her camera. She stepped onto the front porch and shot one frame of the smoke cloud, a charcoal puff in a pure blue sky.
That image ? "End of Serenity," she called it ? caught the essence of Somerset County that day. The barns, the blue sky, the open slope of pasture ? it's a postcard, except for that fat, black cloud, swelling like a smoke signal, warning that something horrible has happened.
"I thought it was an accident," McClatchey says, a Time and a Newsweek and a Reader's Digest in the binder on the coffee table, the pages with her photo marked with Post-Its. "I thought it was a small plane. I figured they were just trying to get out of the air."
She didn't walk up that road, toward the hole in the tree line. She could hear the sirens; she knew it was bad. She didn't need to see.
She went into the kitchen and put on barbecue for the rescue crews.
Dave Fox did go out to Skyline Drive, to the old strip mine, abandoned in 1996.
The former firefighter had heard the emergency tones. He, too, had been watching television, in a back office at the Deaner Funeral Home, where he was preparing an 11 a.m. service.
He saw the smoke. He drove out in the funeral van, expecting a skid crash, with fire and fuselage chunks, and the tail off to one side. And a survivor or two, God willing.
Some scrap yard workers had run up, hoping to help. Some coal truck drivers had stopped. And now the firefighters were coming, their radios crackling, calling out four more companies.
They couldn't find the plane.
At about 500 feet, with the wind so loud they could barely hear, the passengers had fought back. Several had forced their way into the cockpit, where the hijackers had the controls. They struggled, shouting, swearing. They grabbed at the instrument panel. Behind them, a woman cried.
The plane pitched, then rolled, belly up. It hit nose-first, like a lawn dart. It disintegrated, digging more than 30 feet into the earth, which was spongy from the old mine work.
The hemlocks caught fire. The jet fuel pooled. The wind played with paper scraps: a Bible page, some bank-machine receipts, the corner of a business card.
Fox stepped over a seat back. He saw a wiring harness, and a piston. None of the other pieces was bigger than a TV remote.
He saw three chunks of torn human tissue. He swallowed hard.
"You knew there were people there, but you couldn't see them," he says, home now, the kids playing in the background. "You try not to let it sink into you too much."
He'd assumed it was an accident. A Cessna, maybe. A spark in the fuel tank. A stuck rudder. He didn't connect it to the other planes, still crashing on cable TV.
In Friedens, at Mostoller's Country Corral, the dining room went quiet. The twin towers were smoking. The news anchors looked lost.
"You have got to be kidding me," said Pamela Tokar-Ickes, one of the three county commissioners. She'd stopped for breakfast after a coffee klatch, a meet-and-greet with the Chamber of Commerce.
Her staff had moved to new offices, which weren't yet wired for TV. So she went to the county's 911 center, in the basement of the old Greek-revival courthouse. The dispatchers were watching CNN. The Pentagon was burning.
She asked them to keep her posted, then left for another meeting.
She was in the commissioners' room, with proclamations to be read, when Rick Lohr called. He runs the 911 operation.
"We have a jet down in Buckstown," he said. "This is the real thing, guys."
"We just went numb," Tokar-Ickes remembers.
She ran a disaster declaration to the 911 center. She worked the phones, lining up a command center and morgue space, signing purchase orders for fencing and phone lines, lights and aspirin, rubber boots and bottled water. The county spent $250,000 on crash-site supplies; the state has yet to pay it back.
A man arrived in hospital scrubs, asking how he could help. Across the street, in her new office, Tokar-Ickes' voice mail filled. There was a nurse, an attorney, a man from California. What could they do? When could they come?
She rode out to the crash site, just north of Shanksville. A state trooper waved her through.
She stood there as the men hunched in contamination suits, sifting through what was left of the plane and the 44 people on board. She shivered.
"This isn't happening," she said to herself. "This is unreal."
The state police secured the scene. Troopers stood in the woods, each within sight of the next, so no one could slip in. They worked 14-hour shifts, the mosquitoes biting, the sun beating down. They stayed 11 days.
The FBI arrived. The governor came. The Smithsonian sent forensics experts, pulled off an Indian dig.
The plane hit at about 575 mph. The cockpit and first-class cabin collapsed; the rest crumpled into it, the rivets giving, the fireball scorching everything.
Investigators crawled through the debris field, bagging bolts and bone fragments. They found chunks of seat cushion foam, and honeycombed sound insulators. Then a shoelace, some shirt buttons, and a wedding ring. Then part of a passport, and a necktie, still knotted.
"The first responders really went through a lot," says Capt. Frank Monaco, commander of state police Troop A at Greensburg and the coordinator of the state's 400-man crash site team.
The work wore on them. "People say, 'Wasn't it horrible?'" Monaco says. "Well, we didn't have time to think about it. We literally ran on adrenaline for two weeks."
Monaco has never seen the twin towers footage. The networks had backed off by the time he got home.
Wallace Miller, the lanky, Civil War-studying county coroner, did see it. He sat at the family funeral home, his father, Wilbur, with him. They watched the second plane sweep in low, from nowhere. They winced when it hit.
"Boy, how'd you like to be the coroner there?" the son said.
He could have been out of town, at a coroners convention in eastern Pennsylvania. His colleagues had gone early, to golf. But his game had slipped, so he stayed back.
His secretary called.
He couldn't believe the scene. He saw the burnt trees, and some debris smoking in the dirt. He saw half a window frame. He saw shreds of that white cloth they put over the headrests.
He saw things in the trees.
He takes off his glasses, cleans them with his T-shirt. "This is the most eerie thing," he says. "I have not, to this day, seen a single drop of blood. Not a drop."
Every day he thinks about the people on that plane. John Talignani was flying to his stepson's funeral. Patricia Cushing was flying for the first time. Lauren Grandcolas was pregnant.
Honor Elizabeth Wainio was 27; Nicole Miller just 21.
Wallace Miller's own daughter is 18.
"That hit kind of close to home," he says. "I thought about what I would have done if this was my daughter, in California."
He'd have been there, he thinks. He'd have asked for her body, and her things.
He decided he would help the families. He would take them to the crash site. He would introduce them, so they would know they weren't alone.
"People here look at these families as a group, like it's a club," he says. "No. They don't know each other. When have you ever gotten onto a plane and known everyone on it?"
He organized a family meeting in New Jersey, and then another. He wrote. He called. He attended a Buddhist service for Toshiya Kuge, whose mother left behind origami birds.
On Sept. 11, though, he simply tried to make sense of the crash site. He went home about 2 a.m., too tired to think straight. He'd start fresh in the morning. The federal mortuary team would be there then. The light would be better.
He lay down on his couch, still dressed.
The phone rang. A man had died near Rockwood.
He woke his father and went for the body.
Fifty-five thousand people lost loved ones on Sept. 11, according to American Red Cross estimates.
The people of Somerset County lost something else, something that cloud crowded out of Val McClatchey's photograph. She realized it that night, in bed, listening to the hum of the emergency generators. The lights up the hill came through the curtains.
"You go along, day to day, and you never think much about your situation in life," says her husband, Jack. "Something like this, it changes your outlook on things. You're waiting for the other shoe to drop.
"This area will never be the same," he says.
That day was bad enough on television. But that was New York, and Washington. Obvious targets, if you think about it.
But here? This is a county of mom-and-pop shops, of Mail Pouch barns and windmill farms. A dime still buys an hour of courthouse parking.
"In the back of your mind, you never think these things can happen," Tokar-Ickes says. "Not here."
Now, though, there is a memorial to plan, and a legacy to keep.
"An extraordinary thing happened on that airplane," says Miller, who spent five months and $500,000 and found less than a tenth of the victims' remains.
To him, that old strip mine is now a cemetery. "In 20 years, this will be a historic site," he says. "I won't be coroner. The commissioners won't be commissioners. The president won't be president. But those (victims') families are still going to be coming back here."
Four thousand people already come to the crash site every week. They pose for photographs. They leave flags and flowers and St. Christopher medals, set on the rocks. The turnpike toll collectors hand them printed directions.
"It's kind of amazing, how many people come," says Dave Fox, who drives by the memorial every few weeks. He rarely gets out of the car.
His mother still lives on Lambertsville Road, a short walk from the crash site. He was out there a few nights ago, cooking mountain pies with his nieces and nephews. They sat there, under the stars, licking their fingers and counting all the cars.
Robb Frederick can be reached at rfrederick@tribweb.com or (724) 837-6689.
©2021 - Aldeilis (EN)


text:
Going to the Wars: A Journey in Various Directions
"Delightful reading."―The Economist
"This book is unclassifiable: commentary, autobiography, satire by turns: but it is wholly readable, wholly successful. The author stands spokesman for a whole generation."―Daily Telegraph
"My brother officers. Are they human?" Thus reads the first journal entry of twenty-three-year-old John Verney, graduate of Eton and Oxford, lover of modern art and literature, who has, almost on a whim, joined a part-time cavalry regiment of the British Army in 1937. At the outbreak of World War II two years later, Verney arrives in the Middle East and there learns, almost in spite of himself, to be a soldier. In 1943, he becomes a parachutist and leads a "drop" into Sardinia to attack German airfields. His adventures there--two weeks wandering through enemy territory, his capture, and his eventual escape--are brilliantly told.
Woven into the fabric of this narrative of a young man growing reluctantly to maturity and coming to terms with military life, are Verney's thoughts and feelings about his wife, Lucinda, and the child he has never seen, and his longing to return to them.
Author: John Verney
Publisher: Paul Dry Books
John Verney (1913-1993) was a writer, painter, and illustrator. An assistant film director, officer in the North Somerset Yeomanry, and newlywed at the outbreak of war in 1939, he subsequently served in the Royal Armoured Corps and the fledgling Special Air Service. He fought in Syria, Egypt, Sardinia, and Italy. His other military adventures in Italy are told in his book A Dinner of Herbs, also published by Paul Dry Books.


text:
Q: Delete suffix from multiple lines of different lengths in vim With the help of vim I want to convert this file
aaaaaaaaaaaa.xxx()
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb.xxx()
cc.xxx()
ddddddddd.xxx()
eeeeeee.xxx()
fffff.xxx()

into this file
aaaaaaaaaaaa
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
cc
ddddddddd
eeeeeee
fffff

A search/replace command like
:%s/.xxx()//g

would do the job. I wonder if there are better and more elegant options?

A: This substitution works only by chance: the . matches any character and thus appears to work in your case because . is matched by . as if you actually did that purposefully. You must escape the . to match a regular .:
:%s/\.xxx()//g

Since there's only one occurrence of your search pattern on each line you can safely leave out the g flag.
:%s/\.xxx()//

And you can even leave out the two last slashes:
:%s/\.xxx()

If that's not elegant, I don't know what is.
But, there's always another way. Something like this, for example:
:%norm $F.D

A: Maybe use :normal
:%norm f.D

For more information see:
:h :norm

A: your process by VIM for string replacement is better, but i have another solution to replace it.
Its useful, if you want to replace across the multiple files.
#grep -rl "string1" * -R | xargs sed -i 's/string1/string2/g'

Here above command is combination of  'grep' and 'sed'
grep : Command will search for "string1" and returns file-name where string1 found
sed : will replace the "string1" to "string2"
string1 : old string
string2 : New string
Hope its useful and faster for multiple file string replacement.
Reference Link : http://tarunlinux.blogspot.in/2014/02/linux-replace-string-in-multiple-files.html

A: If there is no extra dot in text line, you can try
%s/\..*$//g

A: I would do it like this:
qaf.Dj0q@6@a

It is slightly shorter than yours, possibly slower if your file has many lines that need to be changed. Mine is more general: you can apply almost anything you can think of with a macro.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
No RDP for the community because the municipality says it used the funds to purchase land for residents
Community Alerts/Lorraine Kakaza/09 June 2017
On the 8th June I was in Grootvlei farm conducting a survey, when I got to the households I felt like crying as its difficult to see people living in such bad conditions while they surrounded by mines.
When I ask about the mines the honest people were telling the story of mining industries and their behaviour. Mam Nkambule related her story to the mine that operated there from 1990 -1991 but the mine didn't operate for long as it was operating without the water use licence and there was no health and safety representatives that leads to 2 mine workers death and that resulted in mine to be closure, but they can't remember the name of the mine now.
MamNkambule explained that she grew up in the farm her parents used to work for the farmer named Hans he then passed away after he passed away all the farm workers took over. As time passed the municipality came with development of toilets, electricity and water for few house and as the community they donated money to connect water pipe so that they don't walk long distance, but the water is not drinkable is only for household activities
(cleaning etc) and irrigation, and the electricity is not for free they had to buy at the Chief Albert Luthuli municipality under Gert Sibande District.
But there's something so disturbing the municipality doesn't want to build them the RDP houses because they said to the community they took their money of RDP and bought the land for them. On the other side they said if they can't handle this place it will be sold again and yesterday some municipality official came and told them to wait for their new houses.
The mine didn't hire people who are staying at this farm. When the mine left they didn't rehabilitate the area or even close the sinkholes, it was an open cast mine. Two boys died at the spot they were digging coal, their families we were never compensated, there was no open case this took place in 2010 by July. The mine won't give them the two bodies of the diseased; they have even lost their livestock.
They can't grow their own food if they have to hire a truck R800.00 per hector, R250.00 diesel and pay R1450.00 for two hectors and R2000.00 for crops, fertilizer. Still they don't expect good results at the end when it's time to harvest. The majority at this farm are not working and this affects the young generation as there are no schools or preschool facilities and the mines does not implement its SLP. By Lorraine Kakaza