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2019 Conference of Ministers: Fiscal policy, trade and the private sector in the digital era – a strategy for Africa
Photo credit: Maria Gropa | UNESCO
Issues paper: Fiscal policy trade and the private sector in the digital era | February 2019
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The 52nd session of the Economic Commission for Africa and the Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development will be held in Marrakech, Morocco from 20-26 March 2019.
The fifty-second session of the Commission will focus on the theme of "fiscal policy, trade and the private sector in the digital era: a strategy for Africa". The Conference of Ministers provides a suitable opportunity for African Ministers to examine the fiscal policies necessary for the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area within the frameworks of the 2030 Agenda and Agenda 2063 and the critical role of private sector in the era of the digital economy.
The Committee of Experts will commence on Wednesday, 20 March and end on Friday, 22 March 2019. The ministerial segment of the Conference of Ministers will take place on Monday, 25 and Tuesday, 26 March 2019. The plenary sessions of the Conference of Ministers will commence with a high-level policy dialogue on the theme for 2019, followed by plenary sessions on a series of sub-themes.
Contributions from seasoned and high-level panellists from within and outside Africa will guide the discussion, which will be informed by recent findings in the concept note and technical background materials towards building consensus on priority areas for action.
Inspiring discussions are anticipated to arise from 20th session of the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa (RCM-Africa) and a number of side events scheduled to take place on 23 and 24 March 2019.
Issues paper: Fiscal policy, trade and the private sector in the digital era
African countries have a little over a decade to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aims to lift millions of Africans out of extreme poverty, reduce inequality and enhance sustainable development. However, despite fiscal reforms that raised revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) ratios to an average of above 15 per cent between 2000 and 2017, there remains a significant financing gap to bridge in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. Experiences across the globe demonstrate that fiscal policy effectiveness and efficiency can significantly benefit from digitization processes. African countries have the potential to increase tax revenues by between 3 per cent and 4 per cent, by bringing into the tax bracket the "hard to tax" sectors such as agriculture and the digital economy, and the informal sectors. The use of digital technology alone has the potential to raise fiscal revenue by a similar percentage.
The use of digital technology in revenue mobilization and management could potentially strengthen the capacity of African Governments to implement and monitor more effective tax and expenditure policies. Digital technology, especially in big data analytics, has the potential to increase revenue and improve tax administration through lowering the cost of compliance, lowering the cost of tax collection, and increasing compliance. Through big data analytics, revenue authorities can identify new sources of revenue, in addition to being able to deepen engagement with current and potential taxpayers, in a cost-effective way. In tax policy, the availability of detailed data could strengthen the policy and decision-making processes. Similarly, digital technology can enhance fiscal discipline in public expenditure through better monitoring, ensuring that expenditures are in line with budgets and are aligned with medium-term frameworks at the national level.
Indeed, digitization has the potential to widen the tax base by boosting growth and by facilitating private sector development and trade, including intra-African trade in particular. In 2011, digitization impacted the GDP of Africa by US$ 8.3 billion, in addition to creating over 600,000 jobs in Africa. Digitization provides important benefits and opportunities for Africa's development. In particular, small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the backbone of Africa's private sector and which employ over 70 per cent of the workforce, stand to gain from lower entry barriers to markets and value chains, as well as support services for trade, finance and logistics.
Digital applications are already being leveraged to promote innovation and entrepreneurship, including the empowerment of traders who are women and young people, and mobile and digital solutions are contributing to filling credit gaps, and offer possibilities for productive job creation for young people. Though important progress is being made, there is a need to increase public and private investment in the development of information and communications technology and related capabilities, to help overcome various challenges faced by trade and the private sector. There is also a need to adapt and harmonize legislation on technology, including intellectual property and data privacy, to rapid technological and social changes so as to maximize the benefits of digitization.
The digital economy, however, also presents several challenges that make it difficult for governments to collect revenue. It has certain distinct features, including the use of data, which in most cases is difficult to assign a value to; and the ability to conduct business without having a physical presence. Current tax policies in most African countries are aimed at a more traditional economy, and do not take into account the distinctive nature of the digital economy, resulting in loss of revenue for governments. Governments will thus need to rethink the current taxation frameworks, to accommodate the digital economy.
The aim of the present report is to articulate and frame key policy issues and imperatives for African Governments to address challenges and maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of fiscal policy in a digital economy, with special emphasis on the link between trade, the private sector and fiscal performance in a digital era. In particular, the present report analyses how fiscal policy can leverage digitization to increase revenue collection and management, the benefits of digitization to the economy and fiscal policy through private sector and trade, and the challenges of administering the current revenue frameworks in the digital era.
Assessing the status of regional integration in Africa
Regional economic communities continue to be the main building blocks of the African Union, as envisioned in the 1980 Lagos Plan of Action and the 1991 Abuja Treaty. The key objective of regional economic communities is to facilitate regional integration and cooperation through various activities and programmes, which has culminated in the establishment of the African Economic Community.
Despite having similar objectives, the regional groupings in Africa were established independently of each other and their integration processes have progressed unevenly. While some Regional Economic Communities have achieved tangible outcomes with regard to many of the dimensions of regional integration, others have continued to struggle to meet even the basic objectives of their respective treaties and the targets of the Abuja Treaty. Despite this heterogeneity in RECs regional integration processes, monitoring and evaluating progress on the levels of implementation of their integration agendas remain a priority for them and for the African Union.
Africa, in general, has registered remarkable progress in various dimensions and aspects of regional integration. Arguably, the historic signing of the treaty to establish the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in Kigali in 2018 has been the greatest achievement in the continents' integration efforts in recent years. Beyond the establishment of AfCFTA, however, a number of impediments to regional integration continue to linger, including, among them, an infrastructure deficit, low levels of macroeconomic convergence and continued threats to peace and security.
The present paper contains an assessment of the current trends in regional integration in Africa, with a particular focus on progress in the areas of macroeconomic convergence; trade, investment and market integration; free movement of persons; infrastructure, including for landlocked countries within the framework of the Vienna Programme of Action; governance, peace and security; and mining.
Trade, Investment and Markets Integration
Trade, Investment and markets integration play a key role in promoting regional integration in Africa. The implementation of AfCFTA, whose key objective is to boost intra-African trade by forging a single continental legal regime, has potential benefits, including employment creation, industrial linkages, economic diversification and structural transformation, which would contribute to efforts to achieve sustainable development.
Many regional economic communities are making progress in their efforts to promote intra-African trade. The launch of AfCFTA in 2018 is an important milestone, as it provides African countries with a safeguard mechanism in an era dominated by uncertainty following the rise of protectionism. The tables below show some trends in African exports and imports over the period 2010-2017.
The continent continues to trade more with the outside world than internally, with the European Union holding the largest share of exports from Africa, which exceeded an average of 30 per cent from 2000 to 2017.
Only the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) and ECOWAS, have continued to import more from the European Union than from Africa. EAC and SADC have increased their intra-community trade, registering an annual average of 17 and 16 per cent, respectively, during the period under review.
E-commerce, digitalization and integration in Africa
E-commerce has become a key area of interest for governments because of its impact on economic growth and sustainable development. The General Assembly has committed to harnessing the potential of information and communications technologies (ICT) towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The digitalization of economies presents opportunities and challenges for many countries. Shifting from traditional forms of trade to e-commerce can contribute towards lowering transaction costs and the remote delivery of goods and services. It can also spur innovation and job creation. A well-known example of this in Africa has been the emergence of mobile money solutions from which services have been extended to previously unbanked areas.
Worldwide e-commerce sales in 2015 reached $25.3 trillion, 90 per cent of which were in the form of business-to-business e-commerce and 10 per cent in the form of business-to-consumer sales. The cross-border business-to-consumer e-commerce in 2015 was estimated at $189 billion, with some 380 million consumers making purchases on overseas websites. However, e-commerce is hard to measure, and few developing countries can collect e-commerce data and statistics. The International Telecommunication Union estimates that only 18 per cent of African households had access to the Internet at home in 2017 and, on average, there are only 26 active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in Africa.
The continent is still lagging with respect to the indicators Cognizant of the growing importance of e-commerce, countries and regional groupings, with support from bilateral and multilateral partners, such as ECA, have been developing strategies and adopting policies to deal with issues related to e-commerce. The African Information Society Initiative, launched by ECA in 1996, was instrumental in developing a comprehensive regional ICT network, which contributed to the adoption by many countries of national information and communication infrastructure plans and strategies.
Some countries have made progress in implementing e-commerce projects. For example, Egypt set a national e-commerce strategy at the end of 2017 to support efforts to expand the country's expanding digital economy and to carry out the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Similarly, South Africa framed a policy debate around e-commerce in a document issued in 2000 entitled "Green paper on electronic commerce for South Africa". That paper is not a policy document, as it was designed to serve as a consultative document and to raise awareness on issues that needed to be addressed during the government policy formulation processes. In it, the benefits that can be gained from e-commerce through the implementation of successful strategies and the contribution that e-commerce can contribute towards the achievement of sustainable socioeconomic growth are highlighted.
Overview of the recent economic and social development performance of Africa
Recent economic developments in Africa
As compared with 2017, economic growth in Africa declined slightly from 3.4 to 3.2 per cent in 2018. Strengthening global demand and a moderate increase in commodity prices, sustained investment in infrastructure, higher oil prices and production, particularly from new fields, strong private consumption and favourable weather conditions are key factors supporting the economy.
Some of the largest economies in Africa, such as Angola, Nigeria and South Africa, are rebounding on the back of private consumption, but their levels of economic growth remain relatively low. Growth in non-resource rich countries, such as Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya and Senegal remains strong, driven largely by high public investment, especially in infrastructure. The projected GDP growth rate of 3.2 per cent is not sufficient to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal, including Goal 1 of eradicating poverty.
Africa needs to accelerate its rate of growth to double-digit figures between now and 2030 by increasing the level of investment to 30 to 35 per cent of GDP and substantially improving productivity. Investment is currently 25 per cent of GDP, much lower than that of East Asian and the Pacific economies, which were about 32 per cent in 2017. Productivity growth remains low relative to the rest of the world, and is below the levels needed for the continent to speed up economic diversification and enhance its competitiveness in the world market. African countries must embark on reforms that would help build resilience, raise potential growth and inclusiveness and contribute towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Accordingly, it is important to note that despite the uptick in growth since the commodity price-slump that commenced mid-2014, the per capita growth rates of the subregions of Africa have been below their population growth rates. In 2017, North Africa was the only subregion in which its population growth rate, 1.8 per cent, was below the subregion's per capita growth, standing at 4.8 per cent. However, if Libya is excluded, the subregion's growth rate was only 1.4 per cent, putting North Africa in line with the rest of the African subregions of reporting an economic growth rate that was less than their population growth rate. This indicates the need for African countries to enhance efforts to finance programmes that would further strengthen economic growth to accommodate population growth. Any effort related to this should be coupled with activities aimed at making government expenditure more efficient through improved public financial management and efficient allocation of expenditures. Specifically, in Africa, there is a need to widen fiscal space by enhancing resource mobilization through effective tax policy and administration and widening the tax base.
Narrowing current account deficits as exports from Africa pick up
Current account deficits continued to narrow in 2018, to 3.1 per cent as compared with 3.9 per cent in 2017, underpinned by shrinking current account deficits in oil-exporting and mineral-rich countries. Those countries have benefited from the increase in oil and commodity prices and oil production. The continent's largest oil exporters, Angola and Nigeria, recorded improved current account balances. However, some countries, such as Mauritania, Mozambique, the Niger and Seychelles, reported widened current account deficits because of increased demand for capital imports, high fuel prices, especially in oil-importing countries, high price of food imports and increased interest payments on government debts.
Merchandise exports in Africa increased in 2017, after slowing for four consecutive years, as global exports increased by 10.6 per cent, the largest increase since 2012. Exports expanded globally in 2017, with Africa registering the highest increase of 18.3 per cent compared to the Americas, Asia and Europe. The expansion in African exports was mainly on the back of higher commodity prices, and investment and consumption expenditure. As a result, the continent's share of total world exports increased from 2.2 per cent in 2016 to 2.4 per cent in 2017.
The increase in export receipts has helped to stabilize the level of foreign reserves in Africa. As a percentage of GDP, reserves increased from an average of 6.8 per cent in 2017 to 7.1 per cent in 2018, underpinned by economic growth in oil-exporting countries. In general, however, reserves remain below the levels before the decline in commodity prices in 2014.
Intra-African trade remains more diversified and industrialized
Primary commodities and raw materials still represent the lion's share of merchandise exports from Africa. Fuels alone accounted for 39.4 per cent of the value of the continent's total exports in 2017. The share of manufacturing exports of total exports from Africa has remained relatively stable over time. It ranged between 24.3 per cent in 1996 to 26.2 per cent in 2016 and then decreased slightly to 23.9 per cent in 2017. Over the period 2015-2017, on average, South Africa, Nigeria and Algeria were the top African exporters to the rest of the world.
In contrast, merchandise imports to Africa paint a considerably different picture, with total manufactured goods representing 66 per cent of total merchandise imports in 2017, most of which were imported from the rest of the world. This is a reflection of the continent's comparatively low technology base, low productivity and continued dependence on external partners to meet its industrial needs.
Regarding intra-African trade, it is important to note that three quarters of African exports to African partners are concentrated in only 13 African countries, with South Africa alone capturing about 45 per cent of that share. Over the period 2015-2017, South Africa was the leading exporter to other African economies of food items, ores and metals, and machinery and transport equipment, accounting for shares of 28.9, 25.4 and 60.2 per cent, respectively. Eswatini was the leading exporter of raw agricultural materials, averaging 20.1 per cent of total exports in that sector, and Nigeria was the leading exporter of fuels, averaging 30.7 per cent.
When reviewing imports from African partners, the picture tends to be relatively less distorted, as 19 African countries are the recipients of three quarters of intra-African imports. As with exports, South Africa had the largest share, however, its domination in intra-African imports is considerably less pronounced. On average, over the 2015-2017 period, South Africa was the leading intra-African importer of food items, agricultural raw materials and fuels, Zambia was the leading intra-African importer of ores and metals and Namibia was the leading intra-African importer of machinery and transport equipment.
Intra-African services exports increased from $95.7 billion in 2016 to $109.1 billion in 2017, with travel, transport and other business services being the most predominant exports, accounting for 44.4, 28.3 and 14.4 per cent of the continent's total services exports in 2017, respectively. This supports the call for trade policies aimed at enhancing the performance of the services sector, especially modern services, that have proven to have a significant impact on both developed and developing countries' productivity. Regulatory frameworks are needed for the services subsectors that comprise a greater proportion of the sector's exports, such as travel and transport, to boost the performance and productivity of those sectors through increased and fair competition.
Establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area
Taking into account, the characteristics of trade in Africa discussed in the previous paragraphs and the current uncertain global context, deepening regional integration in Africa is becoming more and more necessary. Empirical analysis conducted by the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) indicates that the establishment of AfCFTA could help boost intra-African trade and its industrial content, thereby contributing significantly to the transformation and development of Africa.
It is expected that AfCFTA would also attenuate the domination by the largest economies of Africa of the intra-African market. Indeed, the ECA analysis shows that all countries would benefit from trade expansion following the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers within the continent and that least-developed countries would likely reap the most benefits in relative terms, especially with regard to expanding industrial exports.
The emergence of mega-regional trade agreements being negotiated without Africa could negatively affect the continent's trade performance. Some examples of those agreements are the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, signed on 8 March 2018 in Santiago, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which is expected to be signed soon.
In that context, the AfCFTA reforms – on which Africa has full control – can be seen as powerful tools that could help mitigate the possible negative effects from external shocks on African economies. They can also contribute towards enhancing the continent's trade performance by making African economies more competitive and enabling the development and upgrading of regional value chains that can assist African countries in integrating into global value chains.
Assessing the status of regional integration in Africa | January 2019
Overview of the recent economic and social development performance of Africa | December 2018
Source UNECA
Tags AfCFTASustainable developmentFinance and developmentDigital economyFinancial development
IMF Executive Board 2018 annual discussions on CEMAC countries' common policies
Central Africa could be the continent's rising star, thanks to the African Continental Free Trade Area


Holy Mother Of God, Halleluiah, after 10 days past due date, and 50… - Laughs! Thrills! Pathos!
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It was in the year 2007 when G8 + five countries environment ministers launched a project to evaluate the economic effects of world's natural ecosystem and biodiversity damage and loss. This makes the The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations (TEEB) an important reference for both novice and experienced economists who are taking interest in the services of ecosystem and preserving biodiversity research and policy. The critique of this project onecosystem's neoclassicalvaluation of ecosystem and biodiversity goods and services is what makes it stimulating and thought-provoking. The book also highlights monetary assessment of ecosystems which is showed as a problematic means to anideal end – policy-maker attention and action.
The project's reflection of the perspective that the nature's monetization is mistaken makes their book an attention-grabbing read as well as a handy ecosystem service evaluation reference. This chapter covers many and at times brave expectations economists have to create when putting monetary value on environment. The author expresses that it is wrong to accustom the value of society for nature the same with the sum of a person's willingness to pay values for its preservation. The author also concluded in this chapter that peoples' relations with environment and its components are communal e and motional.
In Chapter five of the book, a systemic evaluation of non-market valuation theory and methods that any environmental economist would be accustomed with is discussed. The writers do an outstanding discussion on the variance between risk and ambiguity and the difference between 'normal' uncertainty and 'radical' uncertainty in the framework of ecosystem service and biodiversity source.Radical uncertainty is a predominantlyworryingchallenge for ecosystem service economists given the possibleverges and non-linear processes in ecosystem service supply. The part of the book discussing on treasuring natural capital, the producer of ecosystem services, is also a good read. Towards the end of chapter five, the writer gives a significant review of Benefit Trasnfer (BT) methods and its limitations. It has reminded us that in numerous instances, BT can be one of the feasible valuation approaches and it should be use diligently.
TEEB scholars argue the suitable reduction amount to use in economic investigation of ecosystem services and biodiversity policy in chapter six. The writers are mostly alarmed with the reduction amount used over long periods of time. Most aggressively, the authors contend that policy-makers and researchers should consider undesirable discount rates in ecosystem service and biodiversity policy examination. A negative reduction rate is only conceivable if the development in per capita wealth will be negative in the future. The permanent and profound uncertainty related with natural capital destruction only strengthens the authors' argument for a low to negative discount rate.
While the TEEB report contains anaction of non-market evaluation that continues the sacredness of individual partialities (chapter five), the rigidity between this more neoclassical approach to valuing the environment and alternative methods to environmental decision making is obvious throughout the valuation chapters.


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Home BizBuzz Heavenly Host Lutheran School earns Cognia Accreditation
Heavenly Host Lutheran School earns Cognia Accreditation
COOKEVILLE –– Heavenly Host Lutheran School (HHLS) announces it has earned accreditation by Cognia, a nonprofit organization that provides quality assurance for schools, school districts and education service providers.
Cognia, formerly AdvancED, nationally recognizes schools that meet rigorous standards focused on productive learning environments, equitable resource allocation that meets the needs of learners and effective leadership. Earning accreditation from the Cognia Global Accreditation Commission means that HHLS is accredited and recognized across the nation as a school that meets Cognia Standards of Quality and maintains a commitment to continuous improvement.
"School accreditation as conferred by the Cognia Global Accreditation Commission provides Heavenly Host Lutheran School a nationally recognized mark of quality for our school," shared Dr. Zachary Murphy, director of schools at HHLS. "It demonstrates to our community our commitment to excellence, our openness to external review and feedback and our desire to be the best we can be on behalf of the students we serve."
To earn Cognia accreditation, schools must implement a continuous process of improvement and submit to internal and external review. Schools in good standing can maintain their accreditation for a five-year term.
Dr. Mark A. Elgart, president and CEO of Cognia, stated, "Cognia Accreditation is a rigorous process that focuses the entire school and its community on the primary goal of preparing lifelong learners in engaging environments where all students can flourish. Heavenly Host Lutheran School is to be commended for demonstrating that it has met high standards and is making progress on key indicators that impact student learning."
The Cognia accreditation gives HHLS its second accreditation, including one from the National Lutheran Schools Association (NLSA). The school serves grades PK-4 through 12 and infants through PK-3 in the Early Childhood Center. For over 25 years, its mission has been to provide students with Christ-centered teaching and excellent academics that prepare them for service to God, community and family.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am a post-doctoral researcher working in the Web and Internet Science group at the University of Southampton. My research interests cover game design, narrative systems, gamification, crowdsourcing, and social argumentation.
In my free time I enjoy game development, boardgames, creative writing, and creating Let's Play videos.


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Home Celebrities Kylie Jenner's Lips And Nose Job; Before And After Surgery
Kylie Jenner's Lips And Nose Job; Before And After Surgery
No one has heard of the popular Kardashian clan or the Jenner clan. The Jenners are connected to the Kardashians by Kris Jenner, formerly Kris Kardashian. Kris is the proud mother of six children, Kim, Kourtney, Rob, Khloe, Kendall, and Kylie. As a result, the two merged to create the Kardashian-Jenner clan.
The first three are the product of her marriage to Robert Kardashian and the last two are the product of her marriage to Caitlyn Jenner (formerly Bruce Jenner). Kylie is the youngest child of both her parents, born on August 10, 1997.
She is currently a worldly personality, model, and reality TV. Since 2007, when she played alongside her family in a reality TV series, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, she has come a long way to create her own identity and brand, with several endorsements and cosmetic lines.
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Since 2012, the starlet has been receiving her education at home and graduated from high school in July 2015. If there is one thing that the Kardashian and Jenner clan is popular for, it is body improvement, Kylie Jenner's lips were the subject of much speculation last year.
Kylie Jenner's lips
Until May 2015, last year, Kylie claimed that she only used lipsticks and that she often covered her lips with them. His confession on lip augmentation was broadcast in an episode of Keeping Up with the Kardashians, before that, he was asked to change his appearance for years.
Her sister Khloé advised her to do so, and we quote "her cop" and add "If you avoid the question, you will look like a liar". This led to the long-awaited confession, she said she had temporary lip implants and that it was just something she wanted to do.
According to Kylie, her lips have long been a source of insecurity, so she was determined to make them better. Her mother Kris, who is used to everything concerning body improvement, was initially against the idea but later succumbed to the pleas of her last child. In retrospect, she never denied, and rightly so, that she needed to be filled, but her publicists prepared her well to talk about this subject. So there were no lies, but no full disclosure either.
Apparently, she was not very comfortable with it being made public, but as they say, nothing is hidden under the sun. Kylie Jenner's lips triggered the 'Kylie Jenner online challenge' also known as the 'shot glass challenge'. Fans and haters have tried to recreate her look by inflating their lips to epic proportions using bottles or shot glasses.
Participants place their mouths over the opening of a cup, jar or other narrow container and aspirate until the vacuum of air makes their lips swell. Needless to say, it was one of the most senseless challenges of all time and even Kylie didn't approve.
Her lips and pout have also been the inspiration behind many makeup tutorials on YouTube and her lip kit is highly coveted. Trust a Kardashian-Jenner to turn an advertising crisis into a profitable business.
Kylie Jenner's Nose Job; Or Lack Thereof?
Since the whole world finally heard the truth on Kylie Jenner's lips, a magnifying glass has been placed over her entire body. We talked a lot about the starlet getting her nose and even her breasts done. The reality TV star is once again on the defensive and is very upset.
After she revealed that she had lip fillers, Kylie assumed that the whole discussion about improving her body would calm down, but the boy was wrong. On more than one occasion, she stated that she was only 18 years old and that her mother, Kris Jenner, would never let her have a nose or breast job. Needless to say, no one has been convinced since we started on the same path with the question of Kylie Jenner's lips.
Among the procedures mentioned, Kylie Jenner was also the subject of a rumor that she had buttock implants, an eye and jaw lift, and, honestly this time, she does not have a very strong defense.
She also has a lot of solid evidence against her; she has long hidden the truth about her lip fillers and she also comes from a long line of body improvement lovers. It seems that people are willing to wait for her to admit this time, after all, being "only 18 years old" didn't stop her the first time.
ALSO READ: Kim Kardashian's Nose Job, Eyebrows And Nails
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/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:769:in `migration'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:764:in `disable_ddl_transaction'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1047:in `use_transaction?'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1039:in `ddl_transaction'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:993:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `block in migrate'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:951:in `each'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:951:in `migrate'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:819:in `up'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/migration.rb:797:in `migrate'
/Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
 /Users/IsaiahxD/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/activerecord-4.2.3/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
I checked everything and all it returns with is
"20150825050353_create_users.rb:21: syntax error, unexpected keyword_end,  expecting end-of-input"

 class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    create_table :users do |t|
      t.column "first_name", :string, :limit => 25
      t.string  "last_name", :limit => 50
      t.string  "email", :default => "", :null => false
      t.string  "password", :limit => 40
      t.datetime "created_at"
      t.datetime "updated_at"
      t.timestamps null: false
    end
  end

  def down
    drop_table :users
  end
end

A: Change:
t.timestamps null: false

To:
t.timestamps :null => false

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
(Redirected from Technion-Israel Institute of Technology)
Technion
הטכניון – מכון טכנולוגי לישראל ( Hebrew)
Former name
US$1.6 billion [1]
US$416 million [2]
Uri Sivan
13,703 (2014) [3]
9,251 (2014) [3]
1,325 dunams (327 acres)
Navy and Gold
CESAER
McDonnell International Scholars Academy
EuroTech Universities
www.technion.ac.il
ARWU [4]
QS [6]
THE [7]
The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology ( Hebrew: הטכניון – מכון טכנולוגי לישראל Ha-Tekhniyon – Makhon Tekhnologi Lisrael) is a public research university in Haifa, Israel. Established in 1912 under the dominion of the Ottoman Empire (and more than 35 years before the establishment of State of Israel), the Technion is the oldest university in the country. [8]
The Technion is ranked as the top university in both Israel and the Middle East, and in the top 100 universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2019. [9] The university offers degrees in science and engineering, and related fields such as architecture, medicine, industrial management, and education. It has 19 academic departments, 60 research centers, and 12 affiliated teaching hospitals. [10] Since its founding, it has awarded more than 100,000 degrees [11] and its graduates are cited for providing the skills and education behind the creation and protection of the State of Israel. [12] [13]
Technion's 565 faculty members currently include three Nobel Laureates in chemistry. Four Nobel Laureates have been associated with the university. The current president of the Technion is Uri Sivan. [14]
The Technion has played a major role in the history of modern Israel. The selection of Hebrew as the language of instruction, defeating German in the War of the Languages, was an important milestone in Hebrew's consolidation as Israel's official language. [15] The Technion is also a major factor behind the growth of Israel's high-tech industry and innovation, including the country's technical cluster in Silicon Wadi. [16] [17]
2 Campuses
2.1 Haifa
2.2 Tel Aviv
2.3 Cornell Tech
2.4 Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
3 Faculty
3.1 Aerospace Engineering
3.2 Architecture and Town Planning
3.3 Biology
3.4 Biomedical Engineering
3.5 Biotechnology and Food Engineering
3.6 Civil and Environmental Engineering
3.7 Chemical Engineering
3.8 Chemistry
3.9 Computer Science
3.10 Education in Technology and Science
3.11 Electrical Engineering
3.12 Humanities and Arts
3.12.1 The Technion Theater
3.13 Industrial Engineering and Management
3.14 Materials Science and Engineering
3.15 Mathematics
3.16 Mechanical Engineering
3.17 Medicine
3.18 Physics
4 Multidisciplinary centers
4.1 Nanotechnology and science
4.2 Energy research
4.3 Space research
5 Technology transfer
6 Technion international
7 Outreach programs
8 Technion in the Israeli society
10 Research highlights
11 The Technion Library System
12 Demographics
13 Nobel Laureates and notable people
13.1 Nobel Laureates
13.2 Select faculty
13.3 Notable alumni
14 Partnerships
Main article: History of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Albert Einstein at Technion; 11 February 1923
The Technikum was conceived in the early 1900s by the German-Jewish fund Ezrah as a school of engineering and sciences. It was to be the only institution of higher learning in the then Ottoman Palestine, other than the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem (founded in 1907). In October 1913, the board of trustees selected German as the language of instruction, provoking a major controversy known as the War of the Languages. After opposition from American and Russian Jews to the use of German, the board of trustees reversed itself in February 1914 and selected Hebrew as the language of instruction. The German name Technikum was also replaced by the Hebrew name Technion. [8] [18]
Technion's cornerstone was laid in 1912, and studies began 12 years later in 1924. [18] In 1923 Albert Einstein visited and planted the now-famous first palm tree, as an initiative of Nobel tradition. The first palm tree still stands today in front of the old Technion building, which is now the MadaTech museum, in the Hadar neighborhood. Einstein founded the first Technion Society, and served as its president upon his return to Germany.
In 1924, Arthur Blok became the Technion's first president. [19]
Churchill Auditorium
The Obelisk, stainless-steel structure 28 meters tall, is a kinetic sculpture
Technion City generally refers to the 1.2-square-kilometer site located on the pine-covered north-eastern slopes of Mount Carmel. The campus comprises 100 buildings, occupied by thousands of people every day.
The Technion has two additional campuses. Its original building in midtown Haifa, in use by the Technion until the mid-1980s, now houses the Israel National Museum of Science, Technology and Space. The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine is located in the neighborhood of Bat Galim, adjacent to Rambam Hospital, the largest medical center in Northern Israel.
Recreational activities on the main campus include an Olympic-size swimming pool as well as gymnastics, squash, and tennis facilities. [20] The Technion Symphony Orchestra and Choir are composed mainly of Technion students and staff. Each term, the Orchestra offers a series of daytime and evening concerts. Films and live performances by leading Israeli artists take place on campus on a regular basis.
Technion's Division of Continuing Education and External Studies has been operating in the Tel Aviv area since 1958. In July 2013, the Technion moved to a new campus in Sarona. The Technion satellite campus in Sarona includes three buildings in a 1,800 sq. meter area, with a total of 16 modern classrooms. [21] Among the programs that study at Sarona are the Technion's International MBA program, which includes students from around the world and guest lecturers from universities such as London Business School, Columbia University, and INSEAD. [22]
Main article: Cornell Tech
On 19 December 2011, a bid by a consortium of Cornell University and Technion won a competition to establish a new high-tier applied science and engineering institution in New York City. The competition was established by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in order to increase entrepreneurship and job growth in the city's technology sector. The winning bid consisted of a 2,100,000 square feet (200,000 m2) state-of-the-art tech campus being built on Roosevelt Island, which will have its first phase completed by 2017, with a temporary off-site campus opening in 2013 at the Google New York City headquarters building at 111 Eighth Avenue. [23] [24] The new 'School of Genius' in New York City has been named the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute. [25] Its Founding Director was Craig Gotsman, Technion's Hewlett-Packard Professor of Computer Engineering.
In 2015, AOL has announced an investment of $5 million in a video research project at the institute. [26] Positive media coverage abounds, [27] as well as some small scale protests from the margins of political and environmental activism. [28]
Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
Main article: Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
In September 2013 the Li Ka Shing Foundation and the Technion announced they would be joining forces to create a new institute for technology at Shantou University, Guangdong province, south-eastern China. The Li Ka Shing Foundation pledged a grant of US$130 million for the creation of the institute. The degrees taught, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctorates, will be accredited by the Technion. The total construction costs are $147 million. English will be GTIIT's language of instruction. GTIIT will comprise three units: the College of Engineering; the College of Science; and the College of Life Science. The goal is to have about 5,000 students eventually. The institute will eventually grant Technion engineering degrees at all levels - Bachelor, Masters and PhD. Initially the courses offered are Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Materials Engineering. [29] By 2020 the institute will start teaching other disciplines from Mechanics to Aerospace Engineering. [30] [31] [32]
Aerospace Faculty (Technion)
Founded in 1954, the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering conducts research and education in a wide range of aerospace disciplines. The Aerospace Research Center also consists of the Aerodynamics (wind tunnels) Laboratory, the Aerospace Structures Laboratory, the Combustion and Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, the Turbo and Jet Engine Laboratory, the Flight Control Laboratory and the Design for Manufacturing Laboratory.
Architecture and Town Planning
The Technion Faculty of Architecture [33] awards BArch degrees awarded after five years of study. [34] Its graduate program in architecture accepts about 15 students each year, and it accepts about 4–5 doctoral students, focusing on subjects such as architectural theory and philosophy, bio-climate and energy conscious design, morphology, computer application, person-environment relations, housing, architectural history, and urban design. [34]
The Faculty of Biology [35] was established in 1971. Advanced research is carried out in 23 research groups, focusing on a variety of aspects of cellular, molecular and developmental biology. The faculty has extensive collaborations with the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The Faculty has around 350 undergraduate students and over 100 graduate students. [36]
Established in 1968, the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering [37] has a multidisciplinary scope nurturing research activities that blend medical and biological engineering. Research projects have resulted in the development of patented medical aids. Recent research breakthroughs include the identification of a structured neurological code for syllables and could let paraplegics "speak" virtually through the connection of the brain to a computer. [38]
Biotechnology and Food Engineering
Unique in Israel, the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering [39] offers a blend of courses in engineering, life and natural sciences as well as joint degree programs with the Faculties of Biology and Chemistry. The Faculty houses biotechnology laboratories, as well as a large food processing pilot plant and a packaging laboratory. It currently has 350 undergraduates and more than 120 graduate students.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Technion
In 2002, two of the original Technion Faculties – Civil and Agricultural engineering, were merged to create the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering. [40] Its state vision is to "maintain and enhance the leading position of the Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering amongst the top departments in the world... and to position the Faculty as the national center for research & development and human resources for the sustainable development." [41] The Faculty is the home of Technion's expanding International School of Engineering.
The Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering [42] is Israel's oldest and largest faculty in the field, educating the vast majority of chemical engineers in Israel's chemical industries. [36] Research activities include materials, complex fluids, processing, transport and surface phenomena and process control.
The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry [43] offers a variety of joint programs, including with materials engineering, chemical engineering, physics, and food engineering. It also offers a joint degree with the Faculty of Biology leading to a degree in molecular biochemistry. Around 100 research projects at the faculty are sponsored by industry and national and international foundations. It also offers a variety of outreach and youth programs. [44]
Computer Science Faculty Building
Founded in 1969, this is one of the largest Technion faculties, with over 1,000 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students. The Faculty of Computer Science [45] was ranked 15th among 500 universities in computer sciences for 2011 and 18th of 500 since 2012. [46] The Faculty is located in the Taub Family Science and Technology Center, following the support of the philanthropist Henry Taub.
Education in Technology and Science
Founded in 1965, the Department of Education in Technology & Science [47] became a faculty in 2015. The faculty trains undergraduates in the most advanced methods of teaching science and technology in schools. The faculty is home to a research and development center in the field. It has over 100 graduate students and 350 undergraduate students including second career engineers and scientists who elect to study toward STEM educator career.
View towards the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Building from Obelisk
The Faculty of Electrical Engineering claims to be the major source of engineers who lead the development of advanced Israeli technology in the fields of electronics, computers and communications. Some 2000 undergraduate students study in the department for a BSc degree in electrical engineering / computer engineering / computer and software engineering, and 400 graduate students study for the degrees of MSc and PhD. The department has extensive relations with industry as well as academic and industrial special liaison support programs. [48]
The Department of Humanities and Arts [49] serves all the Technion community, offering courses taught by renowned visiting and adjunct scholars including philosophy of science, social and political sciences, linguistics, psychology, law and anthropology and an array of theoretical and performing arts courses.
The Technion Theater
The Technion Theater was established in 1986, by Professor Ouriel Zohar. The theater teaches 8 courses, and it has about 150 students per semester. The theater presented 52 performances in different styles, some by Hanoch Levin, Yehoshua Sobol, Moliere, Shakespeare, Pierre de Marivaux, Henrik Ibsen and Bernard Shaw, Sławomir Mrożek among others. The theater also presented plays written by the director and the actors. The theater is invited to many festivals in Europe universities. Director Scandar Copti received Ophir Award in 2010, played in "End End" directed by Zohar, which was presented in Jerusalem festival in 2001. Shlomo Plessner participated in collective plays "soft mattress" and "Mix Marriage" 1986–1987. The play "Transparent Chains" by Sheli Baliti from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering performed at Bratislava in 2006, Granada, Haifa Cinematheque, Neve Yosef Festival and the Theatre Department at the University of Haifa in 2007. The play An Enemy of the People by Ibsen, the main actor Rooney Navon, Professor at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, received honorable nomination at Benevento in Italy in 2009, and also in Isfia near Haifa. The Show "invisible clothes" written and directed by Ouriel Zohar presented at The International Theater Festival in Saint Petersburg State University in 2012.
Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management
The William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management (IE&M) is the oldest such department in Israel. IE&M was launched as a Technion academic Department in 1958. The Department grew under the leadership of Pinchas Naor, who served as its founding Dean. Naor's vision was to combine Industrial engineering with Management by creating a large, inherently multidisciplinary unit covering a wide spectrum of activities such as applied engineering, mathematical modeling, economics, behavioral sciences, operations research, and statistics. [50]
Home to Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Distinguished Prof. Dan Shechtman, the Faculty of Materials Engineering [51] is Israel's major study center in materials science. The Faculty houses the Electron Microscopy Center, [52] the X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory, [53] the Atomic force microscopy Laboratory [54] and the Physical and Mechanical Measurements lab. [55]
The Faculty of Mathematics [56] houses both pure and applied mathematics, and was home to the mathematician Paul Erdős. Founded in 1950, it has around 46 faculty members, 200 undergraduate students and 100 graduate students. It provides instruction for students in all other Technion faculties and organizes mathematics competition for gifted high school students and a summer camp in number theory.
Founded in 1948, the Technion Faculty of Mechanical Engineering [57] has over 830 students and 215 graduate students. Research is conducted in the faculty's 36 laboratories across the whole spectrum of mechanical engineering, from nano-scale fields through to applied engineering of national projects. [58]
Technion Faculty of Medicine
The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine [59] is home to two Nobel Laureates: Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover. It is one of four state-sponsored medical schools in Israel. It was founded in 1979 through the philanthropy of Bruce Rappaport and is active in basic science research and pre-clinical medical training in anatomy, biochemistry, biophysics, immunology, microbiology, physiology, and pharmacology. [60] Other facilities on the Faculty of Medicine campus include teaching laboratories, a medical library, lecture halls, and seminar rooms. Academic programs lead to Master of Science (M.S.), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees. It also offers medical training leading to a M.D. degree to qualified American and Canadian graduates of pre-med programs under the Technion American Medical School Program (TeAMS). [61] The school has developed collaborative research and medical education programs with various institutions in medicine and bio-medical engineering including Harvard University, New York University, [62] Johns Hopkins University, University of Toronto, University of California, Santa Cruz and Mayo Medical School.
The Faculty of Physics [63] engages in experimental and theoretical research in the fields of astrophysics, high energy physics, solid state physics and biophysics. Founded in 1960, it includes the Einstein Institute of Physics, the Lidow Physics Complex, The Rosen Solid State Building and the Werksman Physics Building.
Multidisciplinary centers
Nanotechnology and science
The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI) was established in January 2005 as a joint endeavour of the Russell Berrie Foundation, the government of Israel, and the Technion. It is one of the largest academic programs in Israel, and is among the largest nanotechnology centers in Europe and the US. RBNI has over 110 faculty members, and approximately 300 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows under its auspices at Technion. Its multidisciplinary activities span 14 different faculties.
Energy research
The GTEP Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program is a multidisciplinary center of excellence bringing together Technion's top researchers in energy science and technology from over nine different faculties. [64] Founded in 2007, GTEP's 4-point strategy targets research and development of alternative fuels; renewable energy sources; energy storage and conversion; and energy conservation. The GTEP is presently the only center in Israel offering graduate studies in energy science and technology.
The Norman and Helen Asher Space Research Institute (ASRI) is a specialized institute dedicated to multidisciplinary scientific research. Established in 1984, its members come from five Technion faculties, and it has a technical staff of Technion scientists in a variety of space-related fields: (Physics, [63] Aerospace Engineering, [65] Mechanical Engineering, [57] Electrical Engineering, [66] Autonomous Systems, [67] and Computer Sciences). [68]
Technion has an impressive record in technology transfer. Its dedicated office to bridge the transition of scientific and technological discovery to successfully commercialized innovation has been active since 2007 as T3 – Technion Technology Transfer. As of 2011, 424 patents were granted to Technion innovations, with 845 patents pending. T3's partners include incubators, entrepreneurs, private investors, VCs and angel groups. It has strategic partnerships with Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Philips, Johnson & Johnson, Coca-Cola, among others.
Technion international
The Technion International [69] (TI) is a department in the Technion, offering courses taught entirely in English. The TI began its first year in 2009, and now offers a full BSc in Civil Engineering, BSc in Mechanical Engineering as well as various study abroad options, all taught in English. Student come from all over the globe – Asia, Africa, North and South America, Europe and Israel. They live on campus and enjoy trips around Israel and activities throughout the year.
Technion offers after-school and summer enrichment courses for young people on subjects ranging from introductory electronics and computer programming to aerospace, architecture, biology, chemistry and physics. Two examples are Scitech [70] and the Math Summer Camp, devoted to number theory. [71]
Technion recently set up and orchestrated the Israeli chapter of Engineers Without Borders, [72] which among other projects, installed a network of biogas systems in rural Nepal providing sustainable energy and improved sanitation. [73]
Technion in the Israeli society
The Technion takes an active role in empowering students from unrepresented groups in the Israeli society, such as ultra orthodox Jew and Arabs, by giving dedicated scholarships, social programs, and additional financial support. Moreover, the Technion is one of the main sponsors for the Israeli league of FIRST robotics competition which became a formal project of the Technion since 2013. [74][ circular reference]
The technion ecological garden
In 2019, the Shanghai Academic Ranking rated the Technion as 85th in its list of the top 100 universities in the world. [75]
In 2012, the magazine Business Insider ranked Technion among the top 25 engineering schools in the world. [76] [77]
In 2012, the Center for World University Rankings ranked Technion 51st in the world and third in Israel in its CWUR World University Rankings. [78]
For national rankings in 2011, Technion was ranked the No. 2 of universities in Israel by ARWU. In global rankings for that year, Technion was ranked #102–150 by ARWU, No. 220 by QS. [79]
It was ranked #401–500 by Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2020. [80]
In 2013, the Technion was the only school outside of the United States to make it into the top 10 on a new Bloomberg Rankings list of schools whose graduates are CEOs of top U.S. tech companies. [81]
Chemical structure of Rasagline
In 1982, Dan Shechtman discovered a Quasicrystal structure. This is a structure with a Symmetry in the order of 5 – a phenomenon considered impossible until then by the then-current prevailing theories of Crystallography. In 2011 he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery.
In 2004, two Technion professors, Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover, won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the biological system responsible for disassembling protein in the cell.
Shulamit Levenberg, 37, was chosen by Scientific American magazine as one of the leading scientists in 2006 for the discovery of a method to transplant skin in a way the body does not reject. [82]
Moussa B.H. Youdim developed Rasagiline, a drug marketed by Teva Pharmaceuticals as Azilect (TM) for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, especially Parkinson's disease.
In 1998, Technion successfully launched the "Gurwin TechSat II" microsatellite, making Technion one of five universities with a student program that designs, builds, and launches its own satellite. The satellite stayed in orbit until 2010 [83]
In the 1970s, computer scientists Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv developed the Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm for data compression. In 1995 and 2007 they won an IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal for pioneering work in data compression and especially for developing the algorithm.
In 2019, a team of 12 students won a gold medal at iGEM for developing bee-free honey [84]
The Technion Library System
Main article: Elyachar Central Library
A frontal view of Elyachar Central Library
The Technion library system is made of the Elyachar Central Library and research libraries that are located in the faculty buildings. The Central Library determines professional policies and guidelines and provides services for all the Technion libraries, including the library operating systems, the libraries' web portal, acquisitions, cataloging, classification, and interlibrary loans.
The faculty research libraries' aim is to focus on the information needs of their students and academic staff. The libraries are transforming from traditional academic libraries to learning commons. The transition includes an ongoing process of evaluation of the libraries' collections with the aim of identifying items in high demand and use to keep, valuable items to preserve, items in nominal use to archive in the Central Library, rare and precious items to preserve in the historical archive of the Technion, at the Central Library, and items to withdraw, according to professional criteria.
The percentage of Arab students at the Technion equals the percentage of the general Arab population in Israel: 20%. [85] [86]
Nobel Laureates and notable people
2004 Avram Hershko, Chemistry
2004 Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry
2011 Dan Shechtman, Chemistry
2013 Arieh Warshel, Chemistry
Select faculty
Moshe Arens, professor of aeronautics from 1957 to 1962.
Eli Biham, cryptanalyst and cryptographer
Yaakov Dori, President
Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover, recipients of the 2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Amos Horev, former president, former Chairman of Rafael; member of the Israeli Turkel Commission of Inquiry into the Gaza flotilla raid
Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv, developers of the Lempel-Ziv (LZW) compression algorithm
Liviu Librescu, hero during the Virginia Tech shooting
Marcelle Machluf, biotechnology and food engineering
Shlomo Moran, computer scientist
Eliahu Nissim (born 1933), Professor of Aeronautical Engineering; President of the Open University of Israel
Asher Peres, co-discoverer of quantum teleportation, awarded the 2004 Rothschild Prize in Physics
Anat Rafaeli, organisational behaviour researcher
Nathan Rosen, co-author with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky of physics paper about the EPR paradox in quantum mechanics
Rachel Shalon, first woman engineer in Israel
Shlomo Shamai, electrical information theorist
Dan Shechtman, first observer of quasicrystals and winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry
Daniel Weihs (born 1942), Aeronautical Engineering professor
Shmuel Zaks, computer scientist and mathematician
Mario Livio, astrophysicist and an author of works that popularize science and mathematics
Technion graduates have been estimated to constitute over 70 percent of the founders and managers of high-tech businesses in Israel. 80 percent of Israeli NASDAQ companies were founded and/or are led by Technion graduates, and 74 percent of managers in Israel's electronic industries hold Technion degrees. [87] In the book, Technion Nation, [88] Shlomo Maital, Amnon Frenkel and Ilana Debare document the contribution of Technion alumni in building the modern State of Israel.
Johny Srouji – Senior Vice President of Hardware Technologies at Apple Inc. reporting to CEO Tim Cook
Shai Agassi – IT entrepreneur, former Executive Board member of SAP AG and founder of Better Place
Saul Amarel – pioneer in Artificial intelligence [89]
Ella Amitay Sadovsky – artist
Ron Arad (b. 1958) – Air Force weapon systems officer; classified as missing in action since 1986
Itzhak Bentov – inventor and author
Moti Bodek (b. 1961) – architect
Andrei Broder – captcha developer, Vice President of Yahoo, formerly vice president of AltaVista
Shimshon Brokman (b. 1957) – Olympic sailor
Yaron Brook – president and executive director of the Ayn Rand Institute
Chaim Elata - professor emeritus of mechanical engineering, President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and Chairman of the Israel Public Utility Authority for Electricity
Haim Eshed (b. 1933) – retired brigadier general in the Israel Defense Forces, former director of space programs for the Israel Ministry of Defense and former officer in the Israeli Military Intelligence. Now professor at the Asher Institute for Space Research at Technion.
Yona Friedman (b. 1923) – architect
Yossi Gross – Medical devices innovator and entrepreneur; founding partner of Rainbow Medical
Andi Gutmans – developer of PHP and co-founder of Zend Technologies
Abraham H. Haddad – computer scientist
Daniel Hershkowitz (born 1953) - politician, mathematician, rabbi, and president of Bar-Ilan University
Maor Farid - researcher at MIT, social activist and author
Hossam Haick – Scientist and engineer
Ram Karmi (b. 1931) – architect
Shaul Ladany – world-record-holding racewalker, Bergen-Belsen survivor, Munich Massacre survivor, Professor of Industrial Engineering
Uzi Landau – politician, Minister of Tourism
Daniel M. Lewin – co-founder and CTO of Akamai, holder of two Technion degrees, killed while resisting the hijacking of American Airlines Flight in the 11 September attacks on the United States.
Yoelle Maarek - Research VP, Amazon
Yuval Ne'eman (1925–2006) - physicist, politician, and President of Tel Aviv University
Eliahu Nissim (born 1933) - Professor of Aeronautical Engineering; President of the Open University of Israel
Neri Oxman – architect and designer who teaches at MIT, known for her work in environmental design and digital morphogenesis
Guillermo Sapiro – Contributor to Adobe software including Photoshop and After Effects. Also one of the people who originally developed the LOCO-I Lossless Image Compression Algorithm which is used in Mars Rovers' ICER image file format.
Amos Shapira, former President of El Al Airlines, Cellcom, and the University of Haifa
Zehev Tadmor (born 1937) - chemical engineer and president of the Technion
Yossi Vardi – For over 40 years he has founded and helped build over 60 high-tech companies in a variety of fields, among them software, energy, Internet, mobile, electro-optics and water technology. [90]
Arieh Warshel – chemist known for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems and the winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Daniel Zajfman (born 1959) - physicist; president of the Weizmann Institute
Shlomo Zilberstein – computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence, as well as a professor and associate dean at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
Yehuda and Zohar Zisapel – co-founders of the RAD Group, "fathers" of Israel's hi-tech industry
Technion and the Technische Universität Darmstadt have formed a partnership in cyber security, entrepreneurship and materials science. [91] [92]
Technion recently became a partner of Washington University of St. Louis through the McDonnell International Scholars Academy. [93]
Israel Association for Automatic Control
Matam, Haifa High tech park in Haifa, Israel
List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Securities
List of universities in Israel
Science and technology in Israel
Talpiot program
^ President's Report, 2016
^ "Israel's world-class universities are a valuable investment". 18 April 2018.
^ a b c d Table 8, annual report, Council for Higher Education in Israel, 2014
^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020: National/Regional Rank". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
^ "QS World University Rankings® 2021". Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
^ "World University Rankings 2021". THE Education Ltd. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
^ a b Sveta Reingold. "War of the Languages: Founding of the Technion/Technikum". Retrieved 25 July 2015. Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
^ http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/Technion-Israel-Institute-of-Technology.html
^ http://int.technion.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Technion-Intl-Brochure-English-2015-16.pdf
^ 2014–15 Welcoming the New Academic Year, Technion website
^ Technion (11 June 2012). "Technion Nation - Building Israel the Start-Up Nation" – via YouTube.
^ Start-Up Nation Book. Start-Up Nation Book (18 January 2013). Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Prof. Uri Sivan takes office as President of Technion". 29 September 2019.
^ Jewish History. Jewish History. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Israel leads in high-tech - Reporting on the Middle East, Science, and Education". cnpublications.net.
^ "The Secret of Israel's High-tech Success (Le Monde)".
^ a b "Technion University Selects Hebrew as Language of Instruction". Center for Israel Education. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
^ https://www.technion.ac.il/en/former-presidents/
^ Sports Facilities. Ciar.technion.ac.il. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Technion-Azrieli Sarona Campus". Technion. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
^ "MBA in Israel". Technion. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
^ "'Game-changing' tech campus goes to Cornell, Technion". Cornell University. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
^ Harman, Danna (14 April 2013). "The Technion: Israel's Hard Drive". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
^ "Overview". Cornell Tech. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Shirt that Monitors Hearts, Destroying Cancer Cells, New Gas Fields: It's Good News from Israel!". Jewish Business News. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Future island". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Technion's role in U.S. militarization and domestic spying". Mondoweiss. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ http://www.gtiit.edu.cn/en/programs-of-study.aspx
^ "The Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT) in China is launched". pard.technion.co.il. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
^ "Shantou University". Li Ka Shing Foundation. 29 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
^ Neuman, Efrat (5 October 2013). "The story behind a HK billionaire's $130 million donation to the Technion". Haaretz. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
^ "ארכיטקטורה ובינוי ערים". architecture.technion.ac.il.
^ a b "Technion, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning". technion.ac.il. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
^ "Biology Technion". biology.technion.ac.il.
^ a b The Technion Insider: Technion prospectus from 2007.
^ http://www.bm.technion.ac.il/Pages/Information_BME_Department.aspx
^ Siegel, Judy. (23 August 2012) Israeli research may help severely paralyzed speak | JPost | Israel News. JPost. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "הפקולטה להנדסת ביוטכנולוגיה ומזון - הטכניון – מכון טכנולוגי לישראל". biotech.technion.ac.il.
^ www.catom.com, Minicy Catom Software Engineering Ltd. "Technion Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering דף בית". cee.technion.ac.il.
^ Technion Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering דף בית. Cee.technion.ac.il. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Home Page - הפקולטה להנדסה כימית - הפקולטה להנדסה כימית בטכניון". chemeng.technion.ac.il.
^ "שוליך – הפקולטה לכימיה". chemistry.technion.ac.il.
^ "הפקולטה לכימיה ע"ש שוליך". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ Hamo, Yaniv. "Computer Science Department, Technion". www.cs.technion.ac.il.
^ "Technion-Israel Institute of Technology - Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2016 - Shanghai Ranking - 2016". www.shanghairanking.com.
^ "אהרון (ארי) גרו – הפקולטה לחינוך למדע וטכנולוגיה". edu.technion.ac.il.
^ Technion – Electrical Engineering: Your Portal to High-Tech. Webee.technion.ac.il. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Home Page". humanities.technion.ac.il.
^ "Home - הנדסת תעשייה וניהול בטכניון". ie.technion.ac.il.
^ "Page not found – Department of Materials Science and Engineering". materials.technion.ac.il. Cite uses generic title ( help)
^ "Engineering Nanostructured Thin Films for Greener Electronics – Department of Materials Science and Engineering". materials.technion.ac.il.
^ https://www.math.technion.ac.il/
^ a b "Energy performance analysis of a passive elastic element with a timed clutch for human load carriage - Mechanical Engineering Faculty". meeng.technion.ac.il.
^ "Mechanical-Engineering-Technion - YouTube". YouTube.
^ "The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine". md.technion.ac.il.
^ rambam mourns baruch rappaport visionary and generous donor. Rambam.org.il (11 January 2010). Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ Technion American Medical Students Program TEAMS on YouTube (3 June 2012). Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "Haifa and NY researchers collaborate on treatment for two deadly cancers".
^ a b "home". physics.technion.ac.il.
^ "Grand Technion Energy Program - Home Page". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Faculty of Aerospace Engineering - Technion – Israel Institute of Technology". ae-www.technion.ac.il. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
^ "Technion - Electrical Engineering: Your Portal to High-Tech". webee.technion.ac.il.
^ User, Super. "Home". tasp.technion.ac.il.
^ "Technion - Technion International". int.technion.ac.il.
^ "Scitech summer camp at the Technion". technion.ac.il. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
^ "Math Summer Camp". technion.ac.il. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
^ Technion (27 January 2011). "Engineering with a Soul - Technion Engineers Without Borders" – via YouTube.
^ TECHNION FOCUS MAGAZINE – Students – Engineering with a Soul. Focus.technion.ac.il. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "FIRST- Hebrew Wikipedia".
^ "3 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ Technion in Top 25 engineering schools in the world. ISRAEL21c (10 July 2012). Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ "World University Rankings 2013-2014". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Top 100". Center for World University Rankings. 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ "Technion 2011 ranking". QS. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
^ "Technion Israel Institute of Technology ∣ World University Rankings ∣ THE". Times. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
^ "Israel's Technion Ranks High on Bloomberg List of Schools Sending Graduates to Top Tech Companies". The Algemeiner. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ BME Person Info | הנדסה ביו רפואית בטכניון. Bm.technion.ac.il. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.
^ Web Development Company (10 July 1998). "News". Technion Focus Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
^ Blum, Brian (17 November 2019). "Israeli students win award for making honey without bees". Israel21c. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
^ Harman, Danna (12 April 2013). "Inside the Technion, Israel's premier technological institute and Cornell's global partner" – via NYTimes.com.
^ "Outstanding Arab Students". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ "Fast Facts". Technion. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
^ Johnson, Georgina (2 March 2012). "Hot Technion FACTS on Startups, Innovation, Israel, Science & Technology". Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
^ Nagourney, Saul. "Saul Amarel, 74, an Innovator In the Artificial Intelligence Field", The New York Times, 21 December 2002. Accessed 24 November 2007.
^ Yossi Vardi 1942. The Economist, Volume 386, Issues 8561–8573. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
^ Cybersecurity, Profile Area (8 January 2016). "Cooperation with Israel Institute of Technology". Profile Area Cybersecurity – Technische Universität Darmstadt. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
^ Darmstadt, Technische Universität (27 November 2015). "Neue Partnerschaft mit Technion". Technische Universität Darmstadt (in German). Retrieved 29 July 2019.
^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy". Global. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Technion.
Technion LIVE – Division of Public Affairs & Resource Development at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Multimedia resource in English.
New renderings of Cornell-Technion Campus in New York City
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology website
Radio 1m – The students' radio station
Technion Suing Senior Professor for 50% of His Company Stake
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
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Technion's History
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The Tigers are in need of a new manager after choosing not to extend Brad Ausmus' contract following the 2017 season.
Detroit tied the Giants for worst record in MLB this season (64-98) after a summer firesale saw them trade away most of their assets, including Justin Verlander, Justin Upton and J.D. Martinez.
According to MLB insider Jon Heyman , the Tigers have no shortage of candidates, but Fredi Gonzalez was singled out as a possibility to replace Ausmus.
Gonzalez managed the Florida Marlins from 2007-2010. He then managed the Braves from 2011 to 2016. In 2017, Gonzalez was re-hired by the Marlins to serve as the team's third-base coach.
Gonzalez has a 710-692 career managerial record. He led the Braves to two straight 90-plus win seasons in 2012 and 2013.


text:
Q: How to prevent change of orientation when device is tilted? How can I prevent the activity from redrawing in the new orientation out when the device is tilted?  I want the onCreate function to not execute a second time after the activity has been shown.

A: you can fix the screen orientation. Add this to your activity tag in your manifest file:
android:screenOrientation = "portrait"

A: Add this code in your activity tag in AndroidManifest.xml
android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation"

By adding this code your onCreate() will not be called when you change the phone mode to portrait or Landscape.

A: If you want to cope with tablet devices then you should use the nosensor value instead, e.g.
<activity android:name=".MyActivity"
          android:screenOrientation="nosensor" ></activity>

This will use the natural orientation for the device, which will be landscape on some devices (e.g. the Xoom tablet).
API docs for this are here:

The orientation is determined without reference to a physical
  orientation sensor. The sensor is ignored, so the display will not
  rotate based on how the user moves the device. Except for this
  distinction, the system chooses the orientation using the same policy
  as for the "unspecified" setting.

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element.html#screen

A: I had to add two things to the AndroidManifest file:
<activity android:name="my_activity"
          ...
          android:configChanges="orientation"
          android:screenOrientation="portrait">
          ...
</activity>

I also had to do similar stuff for the AdMob:
<activity android:name="com.google.ads.AdActivity"
          android:configChanges="orientation"/>

A: Add this to your onCreate() based on your need and you are done.
requestWindowFeature(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);

or
  requestWindowFeature(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);

And still if you dont wish to change your code, add this in your manifest,
        <activity android:name=".activityname" android:label="Something"
        android:screenOrientation="portrait">
    </activity>


text:
Q: i really need help again in this joining multiple table i got 3 tables..
tableA
    id     name    amount
---------------------------
    1      xxx     1000.00
    2      yyy      500.00

tableB
    idkey   project   alloted
--------------------------------------
    1        xxx       500.00
    1        xxx       500.00
    2       yyy1       250.00
    2       yyy2       250.00

tableC
   idkey  Proj   item      cost
 -----------------------------
    1      xxx   hammer    500.00
    1      xxx   nail      200.00
    1      xxx   labor     200.00
    2     yyy1   chair     150.00
    2     yyy1   table     100.00
    2     yyy2   chain     100.00
    2     yyy2   spring     50.00

and the output would be like this
    idkey   name   tot_allo  tot_cost
    1        xxx    1000.00    900.00
    2        yyy     500.00    400.00

and here's what i've already..
SELECT   tableA.name, SUM(tableB.alloted) as tot_allo,
         SUM(tableC.cost) as  tot_cost
FROM     tableA LEFT JOIN tableB ON tableA.idkey = tableB.idkey
            LEFT JOIN tableC ON tableB.idkey = tableC.idkey
GROUP BY tableA.name

and the output of this is not what i've expecting..the tot_allo and tot_cost it doubles its own amount..and why ?
table.A.name,    tot_allo,    tot_cost
--------------------------------------
 xxx              2000.00      1800.00
 yyy              1000.00       400.00

i would be so glad with any help :)

A: You need to use sub-queries to get the aggregates before joining:
select          A.idkey,
                A.name,
                B.tot_allo,
                C.tot_cost
from            tableA A
left outer join (
    select      idkey, sum(alloted) as tot_allo
    from        tableB
    group by    idkey
) B on          B.idkey = A.idkey
left outer join (
    select      idkey, sum(cost) as tot_cost
    from        tableC
    group by    idkey
) C on          C.idkey = A.idkey

Using views:
create view v_tableB_totals
as
    select      idkey, sum(alloted) as tot_allo
    from        tableB
    group by    idkey

create view v_tableC_totals
as
    select      idkey, sum(cost) as tot_cost
    from        tableC
    group by    idkey

select          A.idkey,
                A.name,
                B.tot_allo,
                C.tot_cost
from            tableA A
left outer join v_tableB_totals B
    on          B.idkey = A.idkey
left outer join v_tableC_totals C
    on          C.idkey = A.idkey


text:
Le quartier Saint-Michel de Toulouse, située au sud du centre-ville, autour du carrefour de l'ancienne Porte Narbonnaise (Palais de justice actuel). Le quartier doit son nom à la Grande Rue Saint-Michel qui le structure, ainsi qu'à l'ancienne église éponyme détruite à la Révolution française. Le long de cette rue se trouve l'ancienne prison Saint-Michel, dont la façade marque le paysage urbain.

C'est un quartier populaire et étudiant en voie de requalification. Certains habitants craignent une gentrification comme dans d'autres faubourgs historiques de la ville. La mairie prévoit de transformer l'ancienne prison Saint-Michel en un espace culturel européen alliant science et art.

Monuments
 La Fontaine Ariège-Garonne place Lafourcade à Toulouse, par le sculpteur Alexandre Laporte (1851-1904) érigée en 1896.
 Prison Saint-Michel
 Pont Saint-Michel de Toulouse

Voir aussi

 Quartiers de Toulouse
 Transports en commun de Toulouse

Liens externes

Notes et références

Quartier de Toulouse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Suspicious Beginnings – A Group Exhibition, Opening 5 – 19 June 2017. Opening Thursday 8 June 6-8pm
by artshineon 20 April 2017in Art Exhibition, Events, Group Exhibition, News
FREE TICKET HERE
This collaborative exhibition features paintings, photographs and sculptures by :
Adam Graham
Julie Pozdeev
Olga Nowicka
It explores the artists' beginnings and their original inspiration. Designed to celebrate their early artistic influences, and explore how they shaped them to become the artists they are today.
Come along to Suspicious Beginnings and experience the impact of this art for yourself.
Adam Graham grew up in Gomshall, Surrey – a small village in South East England. The first art experience he remembers as a boy was being fascinated by an ink painting his Uncle David had drawn which hung in his spare bedroom. The extremely detailed image was based on fantasy and incorporated dragons, woodlands and castles; themes which naturally appealed to a child. Adam soon found himself experimenting with his own doodles in pencil at first, and later fine ink as he found his feet capturing more detail. LEARN MORE
Dave has been called an interventionist, but not by himself. He is a firm believer that most artists dont know what their art really means.
Dave arrived from the West in 2001 after a varied patchwork of years, to study sculpture at COFA. Working with metal, concrete and other sundry things that fired his imagination he went on to cast his own car from ferro cement. Subsequently winning the Whites Wires sculpture prize he was provided with some more materials useful in the production of masonry artworks. LEARN MORE
Julie Pozdeev is a Canadian born Russian Australian living in Sydney. She is a self-proclaimed dabbler in painting and drawing. And she is forever sketching in work meetings.
Julie enjoys the smell of paint and moving it around the canvas. She tends to use geography, biology and God as the main themes in her art. She has been part of group exhibitions in regional Victoria.
Olga Nowicka was born in 1984 in Poland. She came to Australia in 2004 when she was 20, settling in Sydney and becoming an Australian citizen 5 years later.
Interested in creativity as a young person, she would rather go to an Arthouse cinema than be getting up to mischief with her peers. Her early artistic passions included photography, film and theatre and these have endured in her life since. She has studied photography and film and had her first exhibition in 2002 at the age of 18. It featured black and white photography, taken on film and handprinted in a darkroom she had set up with a friend. LEARN MORE
GET YOUR FREE TICKET HERE
Tags: photography, sculptures, Suspicious Beginnings
"The Beauty Of Stillness"- A Solo Exhibition by Jim Chen, Opening Saturday 20 May 2017
Close Up Interview with photographer Ed Hurst


text:
package org.jetbrains.plugins.github;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import org.jetbrains.plugins.github.util.GithubUtil;
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnActionEvent;
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.CommonDataKeys;
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project;
import com.intellij.vcs.log.VcsFullCommitDetails;
import com.intellij.vcs.log.VcsLog;
import com.intellij.vcs.log.VcsLogDataKeys;
import git4idea.GitUtil;
import git4idea.repo.GitRepository;

public class GithubShowCommitInBrowserFromLogAction extends GithubShowCommitInBrowserAction
{

	@Override
	public void update(@Nonnull AnActionEvent e)
	{
		Project project = e.getData(CommonDataKeys.PROJECT);
		VcsLog log = e.getData(VcsLogDataKeys.VCS_LOG);
		if(project == null || log == null)
		{
			e.getPresentation().setEnabledAndVisible(false);
			return;
		}
		List<VcsFullCommitDetails> commits = log.getSelectedDetails();
		if(commits.size() != 1)
		{
			e.getPresentation().setEnabledAndVisible(false);
			return;
		}
		GitRepository repository = GitUtil.getRepositoryManager(project).getRepositoryForRoot(commits.get(0).getRoot
				());
		e.getPresentation().setEnabledAndVisible(repository != null && GithubUtil.isRepositoryOnGitHub(repository));
	}

	@Override
	public void actionPerformed(@Nonnull AnActionEvent e)
	{
		Project project = e.getRequiredData(CommonDataKeys.PROJECT);
		VcsFullCommitDetails commit = e.getRequiredData(VcsLogDataKeys.VCS_LOG).getSelectedDetails().get(0);
		GitRepository repository = GitUtil.getRepositoryManager(project).getRepositoryForRoot(commit.getRoot());
		openInBrowser(project, repository, commit.getId().asString());
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In Windows 10, Microsoft has lifted this arbitrary limitation and you can use included apps like Mail, Maps, and Music without a Microsoft account. However, all the online features that allow you to sync your data and purchases between your devices will require a Microsoft account. Try to access such features in some apps and you�ll be prompted to add a Microsoft account.... 7/03/2015�� In addition that, a Microsoft Account allows you syncing personalized settings which includes Themes, Internet Explorer Favourites, permits access to the Store so you can download your apps and easily share them with your other Windows PCs running Windows 8.1 or Windows 10.
17/07/2011�� install app without windows live account any way to install an app without setting up my windows live account on my phone? i don't want to and never want to sync anything in my windows live account, including contacts, email or files. all i want is an app to backup my contacts and i can't install it without creating my windows live account.
Without other distractions, students can focus on the test while teachers can focus on what's happening after the test. For students Open the link (or sign into the account) your teacher sends you, take your test, and that's it�you�re done!


text:
Q: How to dynamically list out a list of files in a directory and number them in Powershell I'm writing a Powershell script that will present the user with options of SQL queries to run and grab a report on. I have a entire directory full of these queries, but not sure how to dynamically list out the names, and number them in the terminal. I know I can hard-code them, but I'd like to account for scripts being added or removed later on.
The folder structure of the project is below, and I have my methodology for calling and executing queries done and tested.
- Powershell_Script.ps1
    > Individual queries
        - Query 1.sql
        - Query 2.sql
        - Query 3.sql

Essentially, I'd like to be able to present a menu like below for users to simply read through, and select a number to run that specific script.
Individual Scripts
******************

1. 500MB Files.sql
2. 4GB Files.sql
3. Duplicate Users.sql
4. Flat space Files.sql
etc...

A: You could use a Get-ChildItem on your script directory and push it to a ForEachObject Loop to sequentially number each script and display filename in the console. You can store the FullName (path) of the script in a variable at the same time that would be referenced after user input.
Write-Host "Individual Scripts"
Write-Host "******************`r`n"
$i = 0
$SQL_Scripts = Get-ChildItem -Path "[PATH TO SQL SCRIPTS]" -Filter "*.sql" |
    ForEach-Object {
        Write-Host "$($i++). $($_.Name)" # Numbers and Write Filename to Console
        $_.FullName #Passes back full script path to Array
    }
Write-Host ""
$Number = Read-Host -Prompt "Which script do you want to run?"

$Script = $SQL_Scripts[$Number - 1]  # User Selected No. - 1  is array element w/ script path

A: I do this by adding an expression field as the first in my list of Format-Table properties:
@{Label = "Index"; Expression = { 1 + [array]::indexof($myArray, $_) } }
After using Read-Host to get a number, I subtract 1 to get back to the actual offset in the array.