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Tag: Lisette van Vliet
Seven famous ecologists discover their contamination from endocrine disruptors
100% of the personalities have traces of Bisphenols, PCBs, pesticides and phthalates
Générations Futures EXPPERT survey number 9 provides the results of tests for the presence of suspected or known endocrine disruptors in hair samples of some leading environmentalists in France. The worrying and conclusive results are the basis for a further call to the European Commission to improve its proposal on criteria for identifying endocrine disrupting chemicals ahead of a possible vote by EU Member States on 28 February 2017.
Paris, Brussels, 24 February 2017 – Seven environmentalists in France have their hair analysed for traces of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Generations Futures, with the support of HEAL and other members of the EDC-Free Europe coalition, published a new report yesterday, the 9th survey of the EXPPERT series on population exposure to chemicals that are suspected or known to disrupt the endocrine system. The results are unchallengeable!
In this new survey, Générations Futures asked personalities from the environmental movement to entrust to us a lock of their hair, which we had analysed by a competent laboratory. The participants were Yann Arthus-Bertrand, Isabelle Autissier, Delphine Batho, José Bové, Nicolas Hulot, Yannick Jadot and Marie-Monique Robin.
Approximately 200 pesticides (products used in agriculture and in the home to get rid of "harmful" or "undesirable" flora and fauna) and pesticide metabolites (resulting from metabolism), three bisphenols (plasticiser used in the composition of the polycarbonate – hard plastic), 13 phthalates and metabolites of phthalates (plasticisers used to soften plastics) and 32 PCB congeners (PCBs have been banned since 1987 but were used massively in electric transformers and as heat transfer fluid.).
100% of the personalities has traces of each of the families of compounds analysed in their bodies!
– We discover between 36 (D. Batho) and 68 (I. Autissier) endocrine disrupters per personality. The quantities varied from 9 031 μg/mg of endocrine disrupting chemical (D. Batho) to 158 643 μg/mg (I. Autism) – a discrepancy factor of 17.5 times between the least contaminated person (D. Batho) and the most contaminated person (I. Autissier). This clearly shows that individual's exposure is not uniform but rather varies considerably according to the environment in which they circulate and/or in which they have developed and lived.
Bisphenols:
All the personalities tested had at least one of the three bisphenols in their hair. Three out of the seven people tested had the renowned Bisphenol A in their hair: M-M. Robin, Y. Arthus-Bertrand and I. Autissier. All 7 had Bisphenol S but none had signs of Bisphenol F.
Phthalates:
11 of the 13 phthalates or metabolites of phthalates tested for were found at least in one person. Neither MMP or DPP were found in any sample. The number of phthalates and metabolites of phthalates found ranged from eight to 11 depending on the individual. Between six and 10 of these molecules could be quantified in each person.
PCBs:
All samples that could be analysed contained PCBs: between 14 and 30 PCBs were found in participants' samples.
Pesticides:
32 molecules suspected of being endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting metabolites were found in at least one person. Between nine and 25 of these pesticides were found in each hair sample tested.
"The hair of the personalities tested all contain an important cocktail of many endocrine disruptors (between 36 and 68 per person) although tests were only carried out on four families of chemicals. And these cocktails pose a problem – what is the health impact of this mixture?"
says Francois Veillerette, Director of Générations Futures.
"This report points out more than ever the need to remove endocrine disrupting substances from our environment. Only a truly protective definition within the European framework will ensure that endocrine disruptors are excluded from the market and protect populations from these hazardous compounds. That is why the vote on the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed (SCOPAFF) on 28 February is so important! We urge all national governments to reject the European Commission's proposal on the criteria for endocrine disrupting chemicals in its current form and insist on major changes to ensure that proven, probable or suspected endocrine disruptors to which we are exposed are identified as such. Only in this way will these chemicals be prohibited from use as required in the European legislation voted in 2009, to protect our health."
he concluded.
François Veillerette, Générations Futures, Tel: 00 33 6 81 64 65 58.
Nadine Lauverjat, Générations Futures, Tel: 00 33 6 87 56 27 54.
Lisette van Vliet, Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), Tel: 00 32 2 234 3645.
EXPPERT Surveys
EXPPERT Survey 1: Which endocrine disrupting insecticides are children exposed to everyday? Press release, Brussels, 25 March 2013.
EXPPERT Survey 2: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and banned Pesticides in strawberries. Press release, 25 March 2013.
EXPPERT Survey 3: How are children exposed to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals? Press release, 9 July 2014.
EXPPERT Survey 4: Nineteen endocrine disrupting pesticides found in samples of women's hair. Press release, 12 March 2015. Our blog.
EXPPERT Survey 5: Pesticides that are banned or suspected to be EDCs are found in green salads. Press release, 22 September 2015. Our blog.
EXPPERT Survey 6: Homes close to pesticide spraying show all year exposure. Press release, 1 March 2016. Our blog.
EXPPERT Survey 7: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides. What are the exposures in daily life? Press release, 11 October 2016. Our blog.
EXPPERT Survey 8: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water. Press release, 8 January 2017. Our blog.
EXPPERT Survey 9: Seven French celebrities discover their contamination from endocrine disruptors. Press release, 24 February 2017. Our blog.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 27/02/2017 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Bisphenols, Endocrine disruptors, EXPPERT, François Veillerette, générations futures, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, PCBs, Pesticides, PhthalatesLeave a comment on Seven famous ecologists discover their contamination from endocrine disruptors
DEHP, DIBP, DBP and BBP chemicals identified as EDCs
Europe finally recognises four phthalates as human endocrine disruptors
Victory! First chemicals identified as EDCs to humans, Health and Environment Alliance Press Release, 17 February 2017.
Image Miljøstyrelsen.
Brussels, 17 February 2017 – In a historic development, four synthetic chemicals – DEHP, DIBP, DBP and BBP – have been identified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for human health. The news was first released by an official source in Denmark.
It means that for the first time, chemical substances have been included in the list of REACH substances of very high concern because of equivalent concern of "endocrine disrupting" properties in humans.
"We are very pleased that we've finally reached this historic moment: this is the first time that the EU REACH system is officially recognising chemicals as being of very high concern because of their endocrine disrupting properties to humans. The next major step is to put away the erroneous fiction that we can reliably establish 'safe levels' for endocrine disruptors – and then to regulate them accordingly."
said Lisette van Vliet,
Senior Policy Adviser, Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL)
The decision came yesterday in an EU process known as "comitology". One of the Member States in the forefront of advocating the official listing, Denmark, has been calling for proper regulation of these phthalates since 2011. Denmark is currently working with the European Chemicals Agency to propose a restriction that will ban these phthalates in products to which consumers come into contact, including products imported from outside the EU.
The phthalates are used as plasticisers in various products – from vinyl flooring to footballs and from wiring to shower curtains. Some of these products are made from recycled PVC, in which DEHP, one of the endocrine disruptors, has been authorised for use. The NGO Client Earth is contesting this authorisation in court, for multiple reasons, including that this substance is an endocrine disruptor for human health and the environment, which the REACH comitology committee has now confirmed.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 18/02/2017 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Endocrine disruptors, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, PhthalatesLeave a comment on DEHP, DIBP, DBP and BBP chemicals identified as EDCs
Endocrine disrupting pesticides in tap and surface water
EXPPERT Survey 8 – Exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water
Générations Futures EXPPERT survey 8 uses government reports on water quality in France as the basis for an analysis of the extent to which endocrine-disrupting pesticides and their byproducts can be found in French tap water. A European law banning endocrine disrupting pesticides came into effect years ago but has not been implemented because the European Commission has delayed proposing the needed scientific criteria to identify endocrine disruptors. Now, EU Member Countries are expected to take a final decision on a European Commission proposal this spring.
Paris, Brussels, 13 January 2017 – The report published today on endocrine disrupting chemicals in water in France is the eighth part of the EXPPERT survey. EXPPERT stands for Exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides.
In July 2016, the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health published its report, "Bilan de la qualité de l'eau au robinet du consommateur vis-à-vis des pesticides en 2014" (Assessment of the quality of tap water with regard to pesticides in 2014). In 2014, The Ministry of Ecology published its survey, "Pesticides les plus quantifiés dans les cours d'eau et dans les eaux souterraines en 2013" (The most frequently quantified pesticides in surface water and groundwater in 2013).
While these reports inform us about the presence of pesticides in water, they do not actually provide the toxicological properties of the molecules identified, and notably for those pollutants that could be endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Générations Futures' work
Générations Futures carried out an analysis, which had never previously been conducted. The aim was to know whether any of the pesticide residues, or the byproducts from the degradation of these pesticides, covered in the investigations cited above, were potential endocrine disrupting molecules.
Our analysis identified molecules that are potentially disruptive to the endocrine system.
The following results, which are detailed in the EXPPERT 8 report, were obtained. They unfortunately show that:
73.3% – that is, 11 out of the 15 most frequently quantified pesticides (or their degradation byproducts) in surface water in metropolitan France in 2013 are suspected of being endocrine disruptors.
53.3% – that is eight out of the 15 molecules classified as the most frequently quantified pesticides (or their degradation byproducts) in groundwater in metropolitan France in 2013 are suspected of being endocrine disruptors.
Tap water: 50% – that is, 18 out of 36 pesticides (or their degradation byproducts), which were the reason that the water was classified as not conforming to standards in 2014 (either as NC1 – without restriction or NC2 – with restriction) for more than one unit of distribution of drinking water (UDI), are suspected of being endocrine disruptors.
Why this report?
As a reminder, on Wednesday 21 December 2016 (following a delay of three years), the European Commission attempted to have its new proposals on the criteria for endocrine disrupters voted. This would provide the basis for endocrine disruptors to be excluded from the market under the pesticides and biocides legislation. In November, Générations Futures had condemned the Commission's proposals as unacceptable because they required a level of proof that was almost impossible to attain. The proposal also provided for a derogation in the event of "negligible risk" to humans. The Commission even added a new gift to industry in its proposal of 21 December by introducing – at the last moment and for the first time – the scandalous possibility of a derogation from the ban on endocrine disruptors. But events did not take place exactly as the Commission would have wished. Many Member States (including France and Sweden) opposed the proposal. The Commission found that it could not even hope for 40% support. The vote was therefore postponed until the spring.
"By bringing out one report after another, our association continues to sound the alert about the exposure of populations, especially the most vulnerable, to endocrine disruptors. This new report demonstrates again the urgency for action and the need to remove endocrine disrupting pesticides from the market,"
"The EU has a unique opportunity to show that it truly cares about the health of its fellow citizens by proposing genuinely protective criteria for defining endocrine disrupting chemicals. That is not the nature of its current proposal. We urge all national governments to demand from the European Commission a serious proposal with a reasonable level of proof and without derogations to exclude suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides,"
EXPPERT Survey 8: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water. Press release, 11 October 2016. Our blog.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 16/01/2017 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Endocrine disruptors, EXPPERT, François Veillerette, générations futures, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, PesticidesLeave a comment on Endocrine disrupting pesticides in tap and surface water
Do breakfast cereals contain endocrine-disrupting pesticides?
EXPPERT Survey 7 – EDCs pesticides exposure ; what are the exposures in daily life?
The worrying results of Générations Futures EXPPERT survey 7 on a breakfast food, muesli, show the ubiquity of cocktails of hormone disrupting chemicals, also known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the everyday environment. The findings highlight the need for the EU Commission to revise its recently proposed criteria to identify EDCs so that they become effective in protecting health.
Paris, Brussels, 11 October 2016 – The EXPPERT 7 report addresses exposure to EDCs in food eaten at breakfast, a meal considered essential. Food is one of the most important routes of exposure for anyone who is not regularly using pesticides.
The survey represents the seventh part in the EXPPERT series (EXposition aux Pesticides PERTurbateurs endocriniens) on endocrine-disrupting pesticides. It is an initiative of Générations Futures, France, in partnership with the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) and Pesticides Action Network Europe (PAN E).
EDC pesticides
EDCs are natural or artificial substances that are foreign to the human body. Exposure to these chemicals can interfere with the endocrine system and induce many adverse effects on an individual or on a person's children or grandchildren. Many pesticides or biocides are either proven or strongly suspected to be EDCs.
To demonstrate the urgency of preventive action in the field of endocrine disruption, Générations Futures has produced a series of reports based on surveys and research analyses showing the omnipresence of many endocrine disruptors in our environment, which results in significant human exposure (these are the EXPPERT reports).
A targeted report
The 7th Exppert Report looks at one of the most important ways people who are not pesticide users get exposed: through food. Breakfast should meet a quarter of the body's daily energy needs. This meal should include cereals, mixtures of which can be found in muesli. Générations Futures therefore focused on this popular consumer product – buying and analysing 15 packets of non-organic and five packets of organic cereal or muesli with fruit (or similar additions).
100 percent of samples from the 15 non-organic products contained pesticide residues, including traces of suspected endocrine disrupting substances. None of the samples from the five organic packets contained pesticide residues.
Some figures:
In the 15 samples from non-organic packets tested, 141 residues were found, out of which the concentrations of 70 could be quantified. Of these 141 residues, 81 are suspected EDCs, equivalent to 57.44 percent of the total.
On average, 9.4 residues were found in the non-organic samples (the sample having the most residues contained 14 and those with the least had six). The non-organic samples had an average of 4.6 residues from suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides.
Of the 70 non organic samples that could be quantified, the average concentration of residues was 0.177 mg/kg per sample. This level is 354 times higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) tolerated in drinking water for all pesticides!
"Each new report by our association has demonstrated the urgency to act. These findings again reveal population exposure to too many pesticide residues that are suspected of being endocrine disruptors, which can act at very low doses,"
says Francois Veillerette, spokesperson for Générations Futures.
"In June, the EU Commission announced its proposed criteria for determining EDCs but this definition is far from what is needed to protect the population's health. The ubiquity of cocktails of EDCs in the environment is confirmed by this report. The findings must be taken into account by the EU Commission, which should revise its criteria to make them truly protective,"
he concludes.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 16/10/2016 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Endocrine disruptors, EXPPERT, François Veillerette, générations futures, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, PesticidesLeave a comment on Do breakfast cereals contain endocrine-disrupting pesticides?
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Private Profit v. Public Health
Join the campaign to remove chemicals from the EU-US trade talks
The Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) and the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) are today launching a campaign call via a new website and Twitter account. The campaign aims to ensure that the EU-US trade talks do not undermine EU chemicals legislation.
The United States and European Union are negotiating a new trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). This agreement is a threat to the EU's ability to protect people from toxic chemical exposure.
EU legislation is currently much more protective than US regulations. If chemicals are included in this trade deal, the EU could see its global leadership in protecting public health through tough laws like REACH watered down. In addition to pesticide legislation, TTIP could halt the EU's progress on a policy to limit exposure to hormone disrupting chemicals.
The European Parliament has said that toxic chemicals should have no place in the TTIP negotiations. We agree and are calling for:
Chemicals to be excluded from regulatory cooperation because it would provide new channels for private profit to hold power in the drafting or revision of EU laws.
No elements of the controversial EU policy "Better Regulation" embedded in a legally binding trade agreement.
No provisions enabling multinationals to sideline the EU courts and sue European states, the so-called Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) or Investment Court System.What we're already doing
Today, at the start of the 13th TTIP round, HEAL, CIEL, the European Environmental Bureau and ClientEarth wrote to EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmström to ask her to ensure that no elements of the increasingly controversial EU 'Better Regulation' agenda are codified in this legally-binding trade agreement. See Re: Call to exclude the 'Good Regulatory Practices' chapter from TTIP letter.
We hope to bring together not-for-profit organisations to support our campaign, in particular those working in the areas of:
Toxic chemicals and pesticides
Biodiversity (including those NGOs protecting bee populations)
Women's and children's rights
Not-for-profit health insurance organisations.
A new campaign to protect EU chemical laws, HEAL, 25 April 2016.
Génon K. Jensen, Executive Director, Health and Environment Alliance, Email, Tel: +32 2 234 36 40.
Lisette van Vliet, Senior Advisor, Chemicals & Chronic Disease Prevention, Health & Environment Alliance, Email, Tel: +32 2 234 36 45.
David Azoulay, Program Director, Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), Email, Tel: +41 22 789 05 00.
Aleksandra Terzieva, Campaign Coordinator, Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), Email, Tel: +32 471 93 17 08.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 26/04/2016 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Endocrine disruptors, European Union, Genon K Jensen, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, Pesticides, TTIP, United StatesLeave a comment on Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Private Profit v. Public Health
Perturbateurs endocriniens : nos vies empoisonnées
Envoyé spécial du 7 jeudi avril 2016,
Interviews de Charle Sultan, Lisette van Vliet, Stephane Horel
Une équipe du magazine "Envoyé spécial" a enquêté pendant des semaines sur ces polluants massivement utilisés dans l'industrie chimique, cosmétique ou agroalimentaire. On peut, sans le savoir, les ingérer ou les respirer et certains passent même à travers la peau. Ils sont soupçonnés de provoquer des problèmes d'infertilité et des malformations congénitales.
Envoyé spécial du jeudi 7 avril 2016, présenté par
Guilaine Chenu, Françoise Joly, francetvinfo.
VIDEO. Envoyé spécial. Nos vies sont-elles empoisonnées ?, mis à jour le 08/04/2016, francetvinfo.
France 2 : Envoyé Spécial enquête sur les perturbateurs endocriniens, bioaddict.
Notre playlist Youtube : Vidéos en français: Perturbateurs endocriniens.
Nos posts tagués perturbateurs endocriniens.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 08/04/2016 29/02/2020 Format VideoCategories Blog, VideosTags Charles Sultan, dailymotion, France, Lisette van Vliet, Perturbateurs endocriniens, Stephane Horel, YouTubeLeave a comment on Perturbateurs endocriniens : nos vies empoisonnées
Chemical bisphenol-A classified as toxic
BPA new classification should apply after November 2017
At the beginning of February, the EU Commission and EU Member States agreed to the classification of bisphenol A (BPA) as a presumed human reproductive toxicant (category 1B). BPA-receipt.
Epidemiological studies have reported that more than 90 percent of people worldwide have BPA in their bodies.
Chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) classified as toxic, Health&Environment, 23 February 2016.
Chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered by many scientists to be a hormone disrupting chemical, and there is long list of adverse effects thought to be caused by this chemical, mainly linked with hormonal, fertility and developmental disorders. These include potential effects on the brain, mammary glands, kidneys, liver functioning and prostate glands. These effects may occur as a result of exposures that happen during biologically vulnerable phases of life. This is particularly relevant for people such as pregnant women, foetuses, infants, and young children.
At EU level, BPA was examined in order to be given a 'harmonised' (EU level) classification for its properties that are toxic to reproduction. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Risk Assessment Committee is responsible for the EU harmonised classification process. After the ECHA Risk Assessment Committee gave its recommendation, the EU Commission and Member States agreed on the 1B reprotox classification, which will now be sent, along with any other updates to the Classification law to the European Parliament for 'scrutiny'. Subsequent to Parliament agreement, and publication in the EU's Official Journal, its new classification will apply approximately after November 2017.
"This will bring on some consequences for how BPA can be used in Europe, but it is still taking too long to get measures that will significantly reduce people's exposures across all sorts of product areas, including from food. For example, we call on the European Commission to eliminate BPA completely in food contact materials, instead of ushering in a 'safe limit' that doesn't change current practices of the food contact plastics and canning industries."
A number of EU laws contain specific measures to control chemicals classified as reproductive toxicants, such as the REACH chemicals law, the Cosmetics Regulation, the Pesticides Regulation, etc. The classification notably opens the way for BPA to be easily adopted as a Substance of Very High Concern in the REACH chemicals system.
Lisette van Vliet, Senior Policy Advisor on Chemicals for HEAL, said
Author DES DaughterPosted on 23/02/2016 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Bisphenol A, BPA, Endocrine disruptors, HEAL, Lisette van VlietLeave a comment on Chemical bisphenol-A classified as toxic
EU Commission breached law by failing to fulfil its legal obligations regarding EDCs
Rare moment: EU Commission abuse of power given by EP and council has been declared by EU highest court!
By failing to adopt measures concerning the specification of scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine-disrupting properties, the Commission has breached EU law.
A rare and crucial court judgement against the EU Commission was released yesterday.
The EU Court of Justice found in favour of Sweden's case against the Commission for failing to fulfil its legal obligations regarding EDCs.
Sweden took the EU Commission to court after it missed its legal deadline to put forward scientific criteria to identify hormone disrupting chemicals, also known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by the end of 2013. Several Member States, including Denmark, France, and the Netherlands joined the case, along with the entire EU Council of governments, and the EU Parliament.
The court found that the EU Commission had a clear obligation to adopt measures on the identification criteria by 13 December 2013 and no factors such as effects to the internal market, or putative scientific disputes changed that obligation. The court also found that no part of the regulation requires an impact analysis.
#GeneralCourt: Commission failed obligation to produce rules determining endocrine-disrupting properties of biocides https://t.co/B0sMPtNgss
— EU Court of Justice (@EUCourtPress) December 16, 2015
There was intense industry lobbying on EDCs which aimed to get an 'impact assessment', and the need to conduct this impact assessment is the reason the Commission gave for ignoring the law.
This is a rare moment: the Commission's abuse of the power given it by Parliament and Council has been declared by Europe's highest Court.
Will the Commission now curtail the Impact Assessment or will they continue regardless, with further delay at the expense of public health?
said Lisette van Vliet, Senior Policy Adviser, Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL).
EDCs interfere with the body's highly sensitive hormone system. Studies point to EDCs causing obesity, diabetes and cancer. Even tiny amounts of EDCs pose particular risks to unborn children and infants. Policies are urgently needed to reduce human exposure. Costs attributable to exposure to a selected sample of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (with only the highest probability of causation) were recently estimated at €157 billion per year in the EU.
The EU Commission is currently conducting an impact assessment to analyse different options for defining the criteria for the identification of EDCs. The Commission intends the final criteria to serve for the biocides law, and the pesticides law (which has a similar requirement) as well as other laws that do not directly require identification criteria, such as the chemicals law REACH, and the cosmetics law. The impact assessment is expected to delay the setting EU criteria for defining EDCs until 2017 at the earliest.
HEAL has long maintained that is it not legitimate to conduct an assessment of social, economic and environmental impacts in order to determine scientific identification criteria. HEAL also insists that the delay on criteria is causing unnecessary further exposure of the public to EDCs, which is harmful for health.
Originally posted on 16 December 2015
Author DES DaughterPosted on 17/12/2015 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags European Commission, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, lobbyingLeave a comment on EU Commission breached law by failing to fulfil its legal obligations regarding EDCs
EU court hearing puts spotlight on Commission delay over hormone disrupting chemicals
HEAL's Lisette van Vliet attended a crucial court hearing against the EU Commission
This post content was published by HEAL – a leading alliance of health and environment groups working at EU level for better health, through a healthy environment.
HEAL's Lisette van Vliet attended a crucial court hearing against the EU Commission. The EU Court of Justice in Luxembourg heard Sweden's case against the Commission for failing to fulfil its legal obligations regarding endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
Reminder: The European Commission failed to adopt scientific criteria by 13 December 2013 for the identification of hormone disrupting chemicals under the Biocides Products Regulation. That law, adopted in 2012, requires biocide substances to be examined for endocrine disrupting properties, and if found, to be taken off the EU market except under certain circumstances. A similar even stricter law exists for pesticides. The European Commission Environment Directorate General had made good progress on draft criteria by spring 2013, but after immense lobbying by the chemical manufacturers and pesticide companies, the European Commission Secretary General decided an impact assessment on the criteria and further regulatory adjustments was necessary and under the new Commission President Juncker, the work on biocides criteria was transferred to the Health Directorate General.
Brussels, Luxembourg 18 November 2015 – A crucial court hearing against the European Commission took place yesterday. The European Union Court of Justice in Luxembourg heard Sweden's case against the Commission for failing to fulfil its legal obligations regarding hormone disrupting chemicals, also known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
Sweden's anger erupted after the European Commission missed its legal deadline to put forward criteria to identify EDCs by the end of 2013. The case is supported by the EU Council of governments, which is considered to be the highest political body of the European Union. The European Parliament and three governments are individually backing Sweden. They are Denmark, France and the Netherlands.
Lisette van Vliet, Senior Policy Adviser, Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), who attended the hearing, says:
"When all EU governments and the European Parliament join together to prosecute the European Commission, it is clear that the Commission is getting it wrong. These delays are keeping Europeans exposed to chemicals that contribute to breast and prostate cancer, diabetes and obesity, infertility and learning disorders. We look to the European Court to make the Commission abide by deadlines set in European law to protect the health of Europeans."
EDCs interfere with the body's highly sensitive hormone system. Studies point to EDCs causing obesity, diabetes and cancer. Even tiny amounts of EDCs pose particular risks to unborn children and infants. Policies are urgently needed to reduce human exposure. (3) Costs attributable to exposure to a selected sample of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (with only the highest probability of causation) were recently estimated at €157 billion per year in the European Union.
The EU Commission is currently conducting an impact assessment partly prompted by intensive lobbying by the chemicals and pesticide industry. This is expected to delay the setting EU criteria for defining EDCs until 2017 at the earliest.
For Press releases, Media coverage, Notes for journalists and Contacts, visit HEAL's paper.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 30/11/2015 29/02/2020 Categories BlogTags Endocrine disruptors, European Commission, HEAL, Lisette van Vliet, lobbyingLeave a comment on EU court hearing puts spotlight on Commission delay over hormone disrupting chemicals
Why Endocrine Disruptors, other Disrupting Chemicals and Pesticides should be banned
Call for ban on endocrine disrupting pesticides in Europe
In this short video clip, Lisette van Vliet (HEAL) and Hans Muilerman (PAN Europe) explain why endocrine disrupting pesticides and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in Europe should be banned, the goals of the multi NGO 'EDC Free Campaign' and urge organisations to join them.
Video by Health and Environment Alliance
published on 26 Mar 2013
HEAL and PAN Europe are members of the EDC Free campaign, a coalition of public interest groups representing more than 25 organisations across Europe working to raise public awareness and urge quicker governmental action on hormone disrupting chemicals.
Tags BPA – Endocrine Disruptors – Pesticides – Phthalates
More videos and our DES Videos in English Playlist on YouTube.
Author DES DaughterPosted on 03/10/2013 29/02/2020 Format VideoCategories Blog, VideosTags BPA, EDC Free Campaign, Endocrine disruptors, Europe, Hans Muilerman, Lisette van Vliet, Pesticides, Phthalates2 Comments on Why Endocrine Disruptors, other Disrupting Chemicals and Pesticides should be banned


text:
Flávia Carolina Peres Arruda (born 21 January 1980 in Taguatinga) is a Brazilian entrepreneur, lawyer and politician, member of the Liberal Party. She is the incumbent Secretary of Government of Brazil.

Biography
Arruda began her bachelor's degree in Physical Education in the Catholic University of Brasília but didn't conclude it. Flávia worked in Taguatinga for a while, until she decided to open a school in Recanto das Emas. Married to former Governor of the Federal District, José Roberto Arruda, Flávia is mother of two daughters.

After an invitation made by Rede Bandeirantes, she was presenter of the show "Nossa Gente", which showed social projects. A few years later, she moved to São Paulo, where she was a weather presenter in a national TV news program.

In 2019, Arruda concluded her bachelor's degree in Laws at the Euroamerican University Center. In 2021, she was elect Chair of the Planning, Public Budget and Oversight Mixed Committee of the National Congress.

References

External links

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1980 births
Living people
21st-century Brazilian lawyers
Democrats (Brazil) politicians
Government ministers of Brazil
Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006) politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from the Federal District
Women government ministers of Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Az AC Siena, teljes nevén Associazione Calcio Siena egy sienai székhelyű olasz labdarúgócsapat. Jelenleg az első osztályban szerepelnek, ahol a legutóbbi szezonban a 13. helyet szerezték meg. Stadionja a Artemio Franchi Stadion - Monte Paschi Arena, melyben valamivel több mint 15 ezer néző foglalhat helyet.

Története

Jelenlegi keret
2011. november 5. szerint

Visszavonultatott mezszámok
 4  Michele Mignani, hátvéd (1996–1997, 1998–2006)

Ismertebb játékosok

Források

Külső hivatkozások

  Hivatalos weboldal
  Statisztika

Olasz labdarúgócsapatok
1904-ben alapított labdarúgócsapatok


We are widely known for our involvement with major development projects throughout Lancashire but it is perhaps less well known that in the last decade or so we have delivered £150m of construction projects in Blackpool alone.
As a Blackpool man myself (we're also known as a Sandgrownans!), and the lead for the Group's ongoing relationships and projects in Blackpool, I am in an enviable position to be able to help enhance our local community and build schemes which will benefit future generations in our town. Eric Wright is whole-heartedly committed to the Borough's economic growth and future success and we have a strong pipeline of projects spanning the health, retail, leisure, education and commercial sectors. The Eric Wright Charitable Trust has also made considerable commitments within the Borough and in 2017 committed £160k of donations to Blackpool charities. In addition, through Water Park, its own outdoor education and activity centre at Coniston, the Trust has supported over 15 schools who attend directly from Blackpool with over £86k in course subsidies.
I am immensely proud of what we have achieved to date, forging partnerships with the Council and the region's key stakeholders in these key sectors.
This month we are nearing completion of a six-phase refurbishment programme at Woodlands School, a special education needs school for Blackpool Borough Council and the LEP. This was awarded to us on the back of our established relationship with the Council and the Building Schools for the Future initiative.
We've also delivered a wide range of schemes on behalf of both public and private sector clients including: Talbot Road office scheme at Muse Developments' Talbot Gateway, Highfield Leadership Academy, St. Mary's Catholic Academy and an 8,300 sq m multi-storey health centre at Whitegate Drive currently managed by Eric Wright Facilities Management.
We continue to work collaboratively with other Eric Wright divisions too delivering their schemes located in and around Blackpool: the Brackenwood housing development in Freckleton, Phase two of Tennyson Drive in Bispham and the Oakwood development in Wesham all for our Applethwaite Homes division. We have established a reputation for being trustworthy, diligent and valuable advisors and constructors in Blackpool, with a very healthy outlook for our further involvement with the town.
I am passionate about improving my home town of Blackpool. It's where I still live with my family; it's where I work and where my children go to school. It is a privilege to play a part in Eric Wright's ongoing commitment to the town, helping to secure its economic success and maintain its position as a key northern centre for industry.


So where are the jobs? Job creation has basically flattened over the past two months -- very bad news, as unemployment exceeds 9 percent.
The Democrats' economic stimulus was inadequate, and it's mostly over. And the Republicans' prescription of more tax cuts is largely hogwash, given already historically low tax rates and the fact that American corporations are already sitting on mountains of cash and not using the money to hire Americans.
The years following the George W. Bush tax cuts were the worst for job growth in a long time. Only 3 million jobs were created in the eight Bush years, versus 23.1 million during the Clinton administration. In fairness to George W., other trends hurting U.S. job creation were accelerating and -- President Obama's critics take note -- continue today. Globalization encourages U.S. companies to lay off Americans and find cheaper labor in other countries. And automation lets U.S. factories make the same amount of stuff with far fewer people. These processes can't be stopped.
But Germany and other high-wage countries are doing just fine employment-wise, because they pay scrupulous attention to preparing young people for the jobs there are. The Bush years were pretty dismal in that respect, coasting on a housing bubble that wove an illusion of prosperity.
Real estate speculation pushed house prices higher, egging people to buy more expensive real estate on borrowed money. As interest rates were kept low, big mortgages went flying out the door. The result was jobs selling houses, building houses and lending for houses. Homebuyers cashed out their fat equity and took the money to the mall, creating new positions in retailing and building new retailing. When the music stopped, those jobs vanished.
Disheartening now is how little attention Obama has paid to preparing the most vulnerable young workers, those without college degrees, for decent jobs. For instance, the administration seeks to cut 20 percent out of vocational and technical education in high schools and community colleges.
Education Secretary Arne Duncan will argue that Obama wants to hike overall education spending by 11 percent: Money for vocational training is being sacrificed to help more people go to college, said to be the ticket for employment in the 21st century. Some further argue that rapid changes in required job skills will make much vocational and technical training outmoded. But there is more to it than that.
Currently, two out of three American kids don't go to college. Some are quite smart but not suited for academics. Vocational training keeps many would-be dropouts in high school. It gets them a job with middle-class wages.
And if that job goes away, what we have left is a mature worker with a record of employment, not some idle 30-something living with his mother. In any case, globalization hits college grads, as well. Ask any highly trained computer programmer whose job just moved to India or Romania.
So we should stop thinking about vocational training and college as two separate paths veering off in entirely different directions. But rather than alter that perception, the Obama administration seems to be enforcing it.
Clearly, the great American job machine no longer goes on automatic pilot. Government must help keep it running through these tough times -- and ensure that Americans are ready for 21st century tasks. This is one kind of spending we dare not cut.


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Home (Technology) > News Center > World Class Information And Cyber Security Experts Scheduled For Annual Event In West Virginia
World Class Information And Cyber Security Experts Scheduled For Annual Event In West Virginia
CHARLESTON, W.Va – Chief Technology Officer Kyle Schafer announced that a free, day-long program will be offered on October 5, 2010 at the West Virginia Culture Center by the West Virginia Office of Technology's Office of Information Security and Controls for public sector officials and employees. In addition, the general public is encouraged to attend.
The agenda will focus on dynamic presentations, delivered by world-class experts in the areas of cyber threats, effective practices to safeguard computer information, with an emphasis on individual responsibility, accountability, risk management, and privacy issues. Gov. Joe Manchin III has proclaimed October as National Information/Cyber Security Month in West Virginia. The day's events will underscore the importance for all to use strong safeguards online. Featured speakers will include:
Will Pelgrin (www.msisac.org): A national leader in the promotion of cyber-security information sharing in the public sector and founder of the Multi State Information Sharing and Analysis Center, Pelgrin has advised the Obama administration on cyber-security enhancement strategies.
Patrick Gray: Senior Security Strategist at Cisco and 20-year veteran of the FBI, Gray will unveil the new West Virginia centric information and cyber security training video developed by his team, and focus on the variety of threat vectors that put public sector data at risk.
Evan Patterson: An FBI Special Agent in West Virginia, Patterson will underscore the threats inherent in cyber socializing using Social Networking sites familiar to most attendees.
Rob Dixon: Architect of the WV Information Security Operations Center, Dixon will discuss internal controls utilized in the state environment to reduce risk and enlighten attendees with some of the startling insights uncovered by his team.
"There will be something of value in this event for everyone." said Jim Richards, West Virginia's Chief Information Security Officer. "We are hoping to reach even more West Virginians this year, and build on the value that was recognized and expressed in feedback forms by last year's attendees."
While the event is free, all attendees must register. Online information and registration is available at www.wv.gov/services/pages/infosec-conference.aspx. Registration confirmation priority will be given to public sector employees.
Doors at the Culture Center will open at 8:30 a.m. for on-site check-in. The event will begin at 9:15 a.m. and is scheduled to conclude at 3 p.m. There will be a one hour break for lunch. Please note that food and beverages are not permitted in the Culture Center Theater.
Jim Richards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As you might guess, one of the domains in which Microsoft Excel really excels is business math. Brush up on the stuff for your next or current job with this how-to. In this tutorial from everyone's favorite digital spreadsheet guru, YouTube's ExcelIsFun, the 39th installment in his "Excel Business Math" series of free video lessons, you'll learn how to calculate (piecework/comission) incentive rates by Excel formula.


Microchipping is a process that helps tag your pet. With a microchip, you can be sure your pet is easier to find when lost. Pet microchipping is safe to implant and can help you bring home your cat or dog that is lost in Long Beach.
Microchipping is a process during which a small cylindrical device is implanted into your pet's subcutaneous tissues. A small, hypodermic needle is used to do this.
Once implanted, the device, which consists of a capacitor, connecting wire, covering and antenna, holds your personal information and information about your pet. That way, if your pet is ever lost, a simple scan will bring up your phone number, address and owner information.
Long Beach is a beautiful place, but there are lots of ways for a pet to get lost. Microchipping has many benefits. The primary benefit is that your pet can be more easily found if lost. If your pet loses its collar, the microchip still contains all the information necessary to contact you. The programmable microchip also has the ability to transmit body temperature data, which is good if your pet ever falls ill.
Interestingly, all microchips are set on certain frequencies. The ISO approved the 134.kHz frequency as standard for animals, but others also appear in the United States. It's a good idea to use the standard frequency, since it's universal and helps bring pets home regardless of where they end up.
Thanks to microchipping, approximately three out of four missing animals with microchips are returned to their owners. Microchipped strays were also more likely to be returned to their owners than animals without microchips. How important is a microchip statistically? Approximately 74.1 percent of missing pets are returned with microchips, while only around 13 percent make it home without a microchip in place.
Microchip implantation is performed in a standard position. Normally, the microchip is implanted in the shoulder or upper back and neck when the scruff is pulled upward. A small syringe and needle is inserted before releasing the chip into the tissues. This helps prevent the chip from entering the spine or muscles where it could cause harm to the pet.
Long Beach, CA 90814, or call us at 562-439-4228.


Press Ready Artwork: What's the smallest type size you can print?
Home | FAQs | Press Ready Artwork: What's the smallest type size you can print?
Legibility's the key here, letterpress is capable of printing very small type. As a rule most of our clients don't drop below around 8pt, though this can change from font to font as the size can vary. Please have a look at our Guide to Creating Press Ready Artwork.


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Visit Giant Water lilies pond (Phitsanulok)
Home > To visit in Thailand > Phitsanulok > Giant Water lilies pond
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Giant Water lilies pond
Thai name : บัวกระด้ง พิษณุโลก
GPS : 16.820136,100.231162 (See on the map)
In Ban Khlong district, 2-3 kilometers from the Phitsanulok city center, is a place you have to go if you are curious: a pond with giant water lilies. This small pond belongs to an individual who receives every day the visit of dozens of people. Why ? Because the pond is covered with Victoria amazonica water lilies whose leaves can become very large, up to 3 meters in diameter, and robust and support the weight of a man.
The game here is to climb on one of them for a memorable photo. But obviously, you can also just come to observe the main pond and the little pond behind covered Victoria's amazonica. The setting is pretty, the fruit garden interesting and you are in the countryside less than 10 minutes drive from Phitsanulok. The owner explained to me that the water lilies on which you can stand are about a year old and can support up to 90 kilos. But he has to put rubber circles on the leaves before so you can stand on them. Note that the stems of these water lilies are also harvested and used to cook.
The water level at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season (approx. April to July) is too low to be able to climb on the lotus.
Practical information about Giant Water lilies pond
Admission fee: 10 per THB person
To ride on a giant water lily, you have to ask the owner. He is asking 100 for THB that.
He does not really have opening hours because he lives there. So you can come at any time. There is no public transport to come, you will have to take a tuk-tuk or a taxi or come on your own (it is possible by bicycle). The taxi or tuk-tuk driver will not necessarily know the place so show him on the GPS of your phone or show him the map of this web page. If there is a flowering season for water lilies, there are leaves all year long so you can visit the place 365 days a year.
If you come in a group, you can call the owner before (in Thai) and ask, in addition to the visit, that he prepares you a meal with a dish made with lilies stems. His mobile phone is: 083 162 0988.
BOOK your tickets from Bangkok to Phitsanulok
Find Giant Water lilies pond on the map
A little tip for the guide ?
A bit like you sometimes leave a tip to the guide at the end of an organized trip, if Thailandee.com website has helped you prepare your travel in Thailand, do not hesitate to give me a small tip via Paypal by clicking on the button below. Thanks a lot !


After extensive study and consultation this past spring, the Canadian Council of Churches released an inter-faith declaration on September 25, 2015 on the twin topics of poverty reduction and the disproportionate impacts of climate change on the most vulnerable groups of Canadians.
respond fully to the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools (TRC).
The Canadian Association for Baptist Freedoms (CABF) is one of many faith-based organizations to formally endorse the report and its recommendations.


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Q: How to batch rename files based off a pattern in bash or linux command line I have a situation where I have hundreds of files that have been incorrectly named. The files all follow a pattern of _XXXX_other.jpg and I need to move all of them over to _XX_XX_other.jpg.
The solution here, obviously, will have multiple pieces. Unfortunately I couldn't even put together a simple regex to match the file pattern. I tried using:
ls -l | grep -e *.[0-9]{4}"_other.jpg"$

Unfortunately this matched everything in the directory instead of just the files w/ that pattern. If I could have figured out the grep I was going to do a for loop, as such:
for i in $(<grep here>); do mv "$i" "${i/<same regex here/?????}"; done

I gave up on my method but I am curious if there is actually a way to do this in a bash script or just from the command line.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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PROF.CHIDI ODINKALU ON WHY HE WANTS TO LEAD USOSA (UNITY SCHOOLS ORGNISATION
Professor Chidi Anselm Odinkalu has indicated his interest in the presidency of USOSA (Umbrella body for Unity Schools Association) come 23rd April 2015.
Chidi Anselm Odinkalu's tenure as Chairman of the Governing Council of Nigeria's National Human Rights Commission has only recently ended has been described by leading African newsweekly as "a leading member of the new generation of African legal minds" while others see him as "one of Africa's leading human rights lawyers.''
Odinkalu was called to the bar in 1988. His first degree also in Law from the Imo State University, his Master's Degree in law from the University of Lagos while he received his Ph.D. in law from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
He has authored four books and over 40 other scholarly articles. He is an authority on international law, including human rights, international institutional law and international economic laws affecting African countries. He is a visiting Professor of law at the International Criminal Law Centre at the Open University of Tanzania, and was formerly Jeremiah Smith Jr. Lecturer at the Harvard Law School in Cambridge Massachusetts and Brandeis International Fellow at the International Centre for Ethics, Justice and Public Life at the Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts.
He is a member of many board of Directors and at other times trustee and yet other times adviser.
A member of the Executive Committee of the Nigerian Bar Association since 2005, Odinkalu was also the Co-coordinator of its Practice Section on Public Interest and Development Law (SPIDEL) from 2006-2010 and is also currently a trustee of the Human Rights Institute of the NBA (NBA—HRI).
He is married with two children.
It became necessary to interview him on why he wants to the President of USOSA.
Please find his interview below;
Q: Why do you want to be USOSA President?
A: Thank you for that question. It's pretty straightforward really. Education is the guarantor of our coexistence as a people & of our safety and security as a country and as individuals. Sustaining enlightenment through education is the biggest challenge facing our country. The challenges we confront as a people as mighty existential: our population is rising incredibly, economic growth can't keep up with population growth. We are endangered. Only education can save us. But we are not investing enough it. So our unity is endangered. The Unity Schools were established to help keep us together through enlightenment of the best quality. That places every one of us who got it under a duty to do their bit with what the country gave us. USOSA is the greatest network of enlightened Nigerians in this country. If you can mobilise them to defend our unity and defend education, we can't fail. That's it really. We have huge potentials to make a difference at USOSA and I believe the time is right to unleash those potentials. I'm presenting a platform that offers us a pathway to do just that and a bit more.
Q: What plans do you have for USOSA?
A: The central promise of my platform is 3Rs:
Re-tool USOSA to make it a fit-for-purpose organisation
Regenerate public education with USOSA as a principal advocate; and
Renew Nigeria's unity through USOSA's networks.
There are many ways we can achieve these and measure our achievements. Presently only 39 or 37.5% of the 104 Unity Schools are registered with us. This is not good enough. We have to address the fiscal health of the organisation; enhance our membership base exponentially. Bring USOSA's operations into the digital age; become a force in education reform advocacy; offer a deal to the young schools in the network to attract their energies; involve not just member alumni but also class sets in our network; find a role and relevance for our colleagues in the Diaspora & ensure accountability in the deployment of assets in the education sector in Nigeria. These are easily doable.
Q: You will agree with me that unity schools are no longer the way they were few years ago what do you think can be done to restore them to glory?
A: It's easy to think the best of our future is in our past. But no country makes progress like that. Back to the future isn't necessarily progress. We can't sit and offer fatuous nostalgia to our kids, regaling them with tales of how things were all so better in our time. We need to care about the constraints and challenges the kids and schools face these days and we have to offer affirmative alternatives, not merely bricks and mortar. We must also see the opportunities available today & quip them to use these optimally. Look, in my time we had no Google, no computers, no tablets, no online resources. Today, these make the libraries of our time hollow. But they can also be distractions. So we have to impart skills to our kids & prepare them for a world of digital distractions. Why are the schools struggling? It is not just Unity Schools that at struggling to be fair. Every other aspect of Nigerian patrimony is endangered. So it's about also reclaiming our country from people and forces determined to kill it and kill enlightenment with it. To this task, products of Unity Schools bring unique skills: we are the biggest network Nigerians left. The environment offers new possibilities. We can also do more with less - we can build new partnerships: with government; private sector; voluntary sector; ICT providers; philanthropies; Diaspora. So there are exciting opportunities too.
Q: A lot of old students are not interested in USOSA how do you intend to awaken their interest?
A: our challenge is to offer them a good reason to get involved. There are inherent and instrumental reasons; altruistic as well as selfish reasons for alumni to get involved. USOSA is at once a network, catalyser, connector, convener, market place, advocate and lots more. Anyone who is interested will find an interest in it to hold their attention. The business of the Association should be to showcase these on an enough scale to get all alumni salivating for it. I'm committed to ensuring we achieve universal coverage of all 104 Unity schools in the lifetime of the next USOSA executive.
Q. Someone remarked that the best people to lead NIGERIA are Unity School products do you agree with them?
A. Yes I do. But that was more true of the past than it is now. In the past, only supposed never-do-wells went to private schools in Nigeria. Today, only never-do- wells supposedly go to public schools. We have so diminished public schools, they have lost respect. Yet, we all, members of USOSA, are products of the public school system. So we need to argue the case for a serviceable public education system because each of us is evidence of a public education system that worked.
A: You were in Human Rights Commission what was your experience?
A: the human rights commission taught me that Nigerians are overwhelmingly terrific people and respond very well to leadership and service. I also came away from the Commission believing that persons who have value to offer can't run away from the responsibility of service because if and when we do, we make it more likely that the country would end up in vile, wrong hands.
Q. How will you use your different experiences for the good of USOSA?
A: education is a human right under our laws and around the world. Whether it is access to education or rights in education, or financing or standards of regulation, making sure that we have a viable public education system should be the primary business USOSA. We must do more than just hawk nostalgia for halcyon. So, the opportunity to lead USOSA is a logical continuation of advocacy for rights and for dignity. But even more, it is an opportunity to put my networks at the disposal of renewing and rebuilding the school system that punched my meal ticket to life. It's a privilege to serve and to seek to make a difference.
Labels: HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION, PROF. CHIDI ODINKALU, USOSA


Apple has always shown its best results in Quarter 4, but the transition to the new year will be a landmark in the Mac's history as millions of switchers will purchase their first Mac and current Mac users purchase another system for the holiday season. MacBooks and MacBook Pros have seen an extraordinarily strong demand this past year thanks to its incredible performance, stunning display and design, and compatibility with Windows XP and Microsoft Office. Apple's switch to Intel processors have made Macs far more competitive in price and performance compared to PC alternatives.
Where would Apple be now if they had stuck with the PowerPC architecture? Would we have seen a PowerBook G5 or an sexier iBook? Would there still be a growing demand for Macs as the iPod halo starts to glow and Apple markets their products? Apple's bold move to move over to the Intel camp was risky, but it would have been one of Apple's biggest mistakes to have continued to produce more PowerPC machines.
It won't be long until more PC users switch when they start to see more and more Macs around. It will just take some time before the majority of consumers realize you can run Microsoft Office on Macs, you can play video games on your Mac, and you can run any Windows program on your Mac.
Don't forget MacWorld 2007 is around the corner and new products are bound to be released, including the infamous iTV (code-name, official name not released). The release of a new ultra-portable Macintosh is one of many rumors for the great event, and such a product could be the missing link between an iPod and Macs. A revolutionary product like an ultra-portable Mac could start a new progressive growth in Apple's market share.
I'd be buying my 1st Mac as well…cept i kow Leopard'x ocming out next year…gonna wait til then for the latest stufff when it comes out…and iLife/iWork '07!!!
I'VE BEEN PREACHING THIS SINCE 1985. NOW I CAN SAY,,'I TOLD YOU SO! :~) Thank You Steve Jobs. I cant wait for i-TV WOW!


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Nobuo Uematsu Hiatus Announced Because of Health Issues
Ginny Woo Thursday, September 20, 2018
One of the games industry's most prolific composers has announced that they're taking a break from current projects as they recover from health issues. The popular Final Fantasy composer has said recently that he has been feeling fatigued and that he needs some time off to attend to his mental and physical health. This Nobuo Uematsu hiatus has come as a surprise to fans, but Uematsu made it clear that his absence would only be temporary.
Uematsu wrote about the reasons behind his choice to take some time off in an entry on his Line blog. In it, he briefly discusses his studio, Dog Ear Records, and the toll that his workload has taken on him. Uematsu is known not only for his iconic work with Square Enix properties but also for being a tireless performer who travels the world on tours involving his original compositions. Uematsu is in his late 50s currently, and his constant involvement in recent Final Fantasy endeavors seemed to indicate that he wasn't going to slow down any time soon.
However, Uematsu is only human, and his post makes it clear that while he is apologetic about the effect that his hiatus will have on those who are eagerly waiting for more music from him, his health has to come first. He mentioned that he would be making a "full recovery," which is probably a sign that this break isn't going to turn out as long as Kingdom Hearts 3's development cycle.
With the remake of Final Fantasy VII announced recently and Siliconera reporting that Uematsu was working on the sweet tunes for that, it looks like we won't have to wait too long to experience his musical genius again. Fans are wishing Uematsu a speedy recovery, and the sooner he recovers and returns to composing, the sooner we can appreciate yet another masterpiece.
Tags: dog ear records, final fantasy, Nobuo Uematsu, Square Enix


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A horoscope (or other commonly used names for the horoscope in English include natal chart, astrological chart, astro-chart, celestial map, sky-map, star-chart, cosmogram, vitasphere, radical chart, radix, chart wheel or simply chart) is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth. The word horoscope is derived from the Greek words ōra and scopos meaning "time" and "observer" (horoskopos, pl. horoskopoi, or "marker(s) of the hour"). It is claimed by proponents of astrology that a horoscope can be used as a method of divination regarding events relating to the point in time it represents, and it forms the basis of the horoscopic traditions of astrology, although practices surrounding astrology have been recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century. Horoscope columns are often featured in print and online newspapers.

In common usage, horoscope often refers to an astrologer's interpretation, usually based on a system of solar Sun sign astrology; based strictly on the position of the Sun at the time of birth, or on the calendar significance of an event, as in Chinese astrology. In particular, many newspapers and magazines carry predictive columns, written in prose that may be written more for increasing readership than tied directly to the Sun or other aspects of the solar system, allegedly based on celestial influences in relation to the zodiacal placement of the Sun on the month of birth, cusp (two days before or after any particular sign, an overlap), or decant (the month divided into three ten-day periods) of the person's month of birth, identifying the individual's Sun sign or "star sign" based on the tropical zodiac.

In Hindu astrology, birth charts are called kundali which are claimed to be based on movement of stars and moon. Auspicious events and rituals are started after checking the kundali of a person including the marriage in which the birth charts of the boy and girl are matched.

There are no scientific studies that have shown support for the accuracy of horoscopes, and the methods used to make interpretations are considered to be examples of pseudoscience. In modern scientific framework no known interaction exists that could be responsible for the transmission of the alleged influence between a person and the position of stars in the sky at the moment of birth. In all tests completed, keeping strict methods to include a control group and proper blinding between experimenters and subjects, horoscopes have shown no effect beyond pure chance. Furthermore, some psychological tests have shown that it is possible to construct personality descriptions and foretelling generic enough to satisfy most members of a large audience simultaneously, referred to as the Forer or Barnum effect.

Introduction
The horoscope serves as a stylized map of the heavens over a specific location at a particular moment in time. In most applications the perspective is geocentric (heliocentric astrology being one exception). The positions of the actual planets (including Sun and Moon) are placed in the chart, hose of purely calculated factors such as the lunar nodes, the house cusps including the midheaven and the ascendant, zodiac signs, fixed stars and the lots. Angular relationships between the planets themselves and other points, called aspects, are typi, including weakness.

Etymology
The Latin word horoscopus, ultimately from Greek  "nativity, horoscope", "observer of the hour [of birth]", from   "time, hour" and   "observer, watcher". In Middle English texts from the 11th century, the word appears in the Latin form and is anglicized to horoscope in Early Modern English. The noun horoscopy for "casting of horoscopes" has been in use since the 17th century (OED). In Greek,  in the sense of "ascendant" – not only of the time of someone's birth, but more generally of any significant event – and  "observation of the ascendant" has been in use since Ptolemy.

Concepts in Western astrology

 The native is the subject of the event (a birth, for example) being charted at a particular time and place, and is considered to be at the centre of the celestial sphere.
 The celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere onto which the zodiac, constellations and planets are projected, loosely based on the view of the sky above from Earth.
 The plane of the equator is the plane of the Earth's equator projected into space.
 The plane of the ecliptic is defined by the orbits of the earth and the sun. For practical purposes, the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic maintain a constant inclination to each other of approximately 23.5°.
 The plane of the horizon is centred on the native, and is tangential to the earth at that point. In a sphere whose radius is infinitely large, this plane may be treated as nearly equivalent to the parallel plane, with its centre at the Earth's centre. This greatly simplifies the geometry of the horoscope, but does not take into account that the native is in motion. Some writers on astrology have thus considered the effects of parallax, but most would agree that (apart from that of the moon) they are relatively minor.

Angles
There are four primary angles in the horoscope which are thought to influence key areas and moments in a native's lifetime, or within a given day or time. These are, in order of power:

 First House (Ascendant, East Angle, rising sign, or ASC/AC)
 Tenth House (Midheaven, Medi Coeli (midheaven), North Angle, MC)
 Seventh House (Descendant (astrology), West Angle, setting sign, DSC/DC)
 Fourth House (Imum Coeli – South Angle, lower-heaven, IC)

The ascendant is the easternmost (or sunrise point) where the ecliptic and horizon intersect; the ascendant and the midheaven are considered the most important angles in the horoscope by the vast majority of astrologers. In most systems of house division, the ASC is the cusp of the 1st house and the MC is the cusp of the 10th house.

Generally, on an astrological chart, each of these four angles are roughly 90° from the next, forming a cross shape (two oppositions, 180° each, forming a 360° sphere). This cross formation is made up of the points of east-west, north-south, or 1st house-7th house, 10th house-4th house (give or take, based on speed of orbit and degree). A simplistic comparison would be a clock face, with the 1st house and 7th house being placed at 9 and 3 o'clock, and the 10th and 4th houses placed at 12 and 6 o'clock, respectively. The placement of the planetary ruler of the ascendant, called the Chart Ruler, is also considered to be significant;  The point in the west diametrically opposing the ascendant is called the descendant, normally the cusp of the 7th house; and the point opposing the MC is the cusp of the 4th house, the northernmost point of the chart, called the Imum Coeli or IC.

In creating a horoscope, the ascendant is traditionally placed at the "nine o'clock" position on the left-hand side of the chart wheel (though traditional rectangular chart formats need not follow this convention). During the course of a day, because of the Earth's rotation, the entire circle of the ecliptic will pass through the ascendant and will be advanced by about 1°. In an astrological chart, the ascendant progresses and changes zodiac signs roughly every two hours (give or take), advancing about one degree every five minutes. This movement provides us with the term "rising" sign, which is the sign of the zodiac "rising" over the eastern horizon at the moment of birth. This point is thought to affect how we are perceived by others, based on the zodiac sign on the ascendant at the time of birth. The point on the ecliptic that is 90° above the plane of the horizon at the time is called the Midheaven, or Medium Coeli (MC), placed at the "twelve o'clock position" effectively where the Sun would be if the birth time was midday. This area is thought to have greatest significance on one's career and public image.

The Zodiac

The Zodiac, or "circle of animals" is a zone or belt in space projected onto the celestial sphere through which, from our viewpoint, the planets move. A symbolic geometric construction around 16 degrees wide, it is divided into 12 signs, each of 30 degrees longitude (making 360 degrees, a full circle), with the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun, as its middle line. The tropical zodiac used by most Western astrologers has its beginning at the exact moment that the Sun crosses the celestial equator and enters the zodiacal sign of Aries. Some Western astrologers use the sidereal zodiac favored by Indian ("Jyotish") astrologers, which is based more closely on actual positions of constellations in the heavens, as opposed to the tropical zodiac, which is a moveable format based on the seasons.

The tropical zodiac defines the vernal point (the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere) as the first degree of Aries, but the sidereal zodiac allows it to precess. Many people are confused regarding the difference between the sidereal zodiac and the tropical zodiac signs. Because of a "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation over a period of about 26,000 years (often called a "great year"), the rate at which the vernal equinox precesses in the heavens is approximately 0 deg, 0 min, 50.23 seconds a year, drifting by one degree every 72 years.  Precession of the equinoxes thus occurs at a rate of roughly 5 arc minutes of a degree every 6 years.  The tropical signs relate to the seasons and not the stars.  Here is an example: a person born on, say August 28, 2002, would come to understand that their Sun sign was in Virgo according to Western astrology (conventional Sun sign dates August 23, to September 22, of every year), but Sun on that same calendar date of the year 2002 was in the constellation Leo (where it had been since August 10, 2002, and would remain until September 15, when it would then finally cross into Virgo).

The sidereal signs and the tropical signs are both geometrical conventions of 30° each, whereas the zodiacal constellations are pictorial representations of mythological figures projected onto the celestial sphere based on patterns of visible star groupings, none of which occupy precisely 30° of the ecliptic. So constellations and signs are not the same, although for historical reasons they might have the same names.

Some astrologers do not use the signs of the zodiac at all, focusing more instead on the astrological aspects and other features of the horoscope. The sun sign is the sign of the zodiac in which the sun is located for the native. This is the single astrological fact familiar to most people. If an event occurs at sunrise the ascendant and sun sign will be the same; other rising signs can then be estimated at two-hour intervals from there. A cusp is the boundary between two signs or houses. For some, the cusp includes a small portion of the two signs or houses under consideration.

Construction of a horoscope in Western astrology
To create a horoscope, an astrologer first has to ascertain the exact time and place of the subject's birth, or the initiation of an event. The local standard time (adjusting for any daylight saving time or war time) is then converted into Greenwich Mean Time or Universal Time at that same instant. The astrologer then has to convert this into the local sidereal time at birth in order to be able to calculate the ascendant and midheaven. The astrologer will next consult a set of tables called an ephemeris, which lists the location of the Sun, Moon and planets for a particular year, date and sidereal time, with respect to the northern hemisphere vernal equinox or the fixed stars (depending on which astrological system is being used). The astrologer then adds or subtracts the difference between the longitude of Greenwich and the longitude of the place in question to determine the true local mean time (LMT) at the place of birth to show where planets would be visible above the horizon at the precise time and place in question. Planets hidden from view beneath the earth are also shown in the horoscope.

Using the above process, practitioners of astrology commonly construct a composite chart when two people meet and form a relationship. According to astrologers, the composite chart will give clues as to the nature and function of the relationship.

The horoscope features 12 sectors around the circle of the ecliptic, starting from the eastern horizon with the ascendant or rising sign. These 12 sectors are called the houses and numerous systems for calculating these divisions exist. Tables of houses have been published since the 19th Century to make this otherwise demanding task easier.

Houses

The chart thus begins with a framework of 12 houses. Upon this the signs of the zodiac are superimposed. In the equal house system the cusp between any two houses will fall at the same degree for each of the at 12° of Leo, the second house will begin at 12° of Virgo, the third at 12° Libra, and so on. In house systems that take into consideration the effects of the angle of intersection between the planes of the horizon and the ecliptic, the calculations are more complicated. For these calculations it is essential to know the latitude of the event. Tables are available for these calculations, but they are now commonly calculated by computer. Most astrology computer programs allow the user to choose from a variety of house systems.

Placements of the planets

Having established the relative positions of the signs in the houses, the astrologer positions the sun, moon, and planets at their proper celestial longitudes. Some astrologers also take note of minor planetary bodies, fixed stars, asteroids (for example, Chiron) and other mathematically calculated points and angles such as the vertex, equatorial ascendant, etc. Many astrologers also use what are commonly referred to as Arabic parts (or Greek Lots), the most common of which is the Part of Fortune (Pars Fortunae).

Aspects
To complete the horoscope the astrologer will consider the aspects or relative angles between pairs of planets. More exact aspects are considered more important. The difference between the exact aspect and the actual aspect is called the orb. Those generally recognized by the astrological community are Conjunction (0°), Opposition (180°), Square (90°), Trine (120°), Sextile (60°), Semi-Square (45°),  Sesquisquare (135°), and Quincunx (150°). Understandably these aspects are more significant when they are exact, but they are considered to function within an orb of influence, the size of which varies according to the importance of each aspect. Thus conjunctions are believed to operate with a larger orb than sextiles. Most modern astrologers use an orb of 8° or less for aspects involving the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter and smaller orbs for the other points.  Some astrologers, such as practitioners of Cosmobiology, and Uranian astrology, use minor aspects (15°, 22.5°, 67.5°, 72°, 75°, 105°, 112.5°, 157.5°, 165°) with much narrower orbs.

The major astrological system regarded universally is Vedic Hindu Astrology. As per this, all planets see just opposite i.e. 180 degree aspect. But Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn have special aspects. Mars sees the houses 4th and 8 too from its place in the horoscope, Saturn sees the houses 3 and 10 too from its place, and Jupiter sees 5 and 9 from its place in the horoscope i.e. the house in which they are posited in the lagna chart.

Ascendant
The ascendant (ASC) is a point on the ecliptic that rises on the eastern horizon at sunrise and changes as the earth rotates on its axis. The ascendant is very important in astrological chart interpretation. It exerts more power than the sun, moon and planets because it infiltrates everything in the natal chart.
The ascendant is the first point of energy in the natal chart and it represents the way we view life. The sign on the ascendant characterises our expression of "who we are" when dealing with others, and our initial action when dealing with day-to-day concerns. Longitude is necessary in order to determine the position of the Ascendant because horoscopes use local time. Having constructed the horoscope, the astrologer can begin the task of interpreting the chart. This interpretation depends upon which branch of horoscopic astrology is being used.

Chinese horoscopes

In Chinese astrology, horoscopes are based on the symbolism of the Chinese zodiac, a system of elements and animals associated with each year according to a Sexagenary cycle. Chinese horoscopes often appear in horoscope sections in newspapers and magazine alongside Western horoscopes.

Criticism
Interest in horoscopes and the zodiac sign have been very popular throughout history and today. There are many faithful followers, from celebrities to the general public. With so many believers, and perhaps a personal connection to the horoscope or the zodiac, it can be difficult to accept that astrology is not grounded in scientific evidence and is a pseudoscience.

Psychological criticism
Natal birth charts, or zodiac signs, are often used to predict a person's personality traits. However, the use of natal birth charts to predict personality is not valid or reliable. In a double-blind study that tested the zodiac's reliability to predict personality, an astrologer had to match a person's zodiac sign to their CPI (California Personality Inventory) result. The CPI is a reliable method to determine an individual's personality. It was found that the astrologers were not able to correctly match the zodiac sign to the CPI result beyond random assignment. This means that astrology is no more than a test of chance and it is not a reliable way to predict personality.

Similarly, the zodiac sign can be used to create horoscopes that predict the events that will happen in an individual's life. However, like using the zodiac sign for personality traits, using it for horoscopes is also unreliable. One astrologer's prediction for a horoscope is typically completely unrelated to the prediction of another astrologer. However, many people still believe their horoscope perfectly aligns with the events in their lives. There are some possible explanations for this. Horoscopes have vague wording and are based on typical everyday activities. Due to this, it is easier for people to relate to these claims and increase their belief that it is a real science. Also, a person's expectations typically lead them to bias the way they perceive information, so their expectations are confirmed. In a study, participant's horoscopes were paired with the events of their previous day. When the horoscopes were presented with the participant's zodiac sign, other participants were more likely to report that the horoscope matched the previous day's events compared to when their zodiac sign was not present. This shows how individuals will bias their perceptions based on the expectations. This makes horoscopes seem reliable, when they are not valid.

Scientific criticism
Although it has its proponents, astrology has been rejected by the scientific community. Some horoscopes base their predictions on the "movement" of stars. However, this is inaccurate as stars actually do not move but appear to because the earth rotates on its axis and orbits around the sun. Furthermore, none of the answers given by astrology are actually based on science. According to American astronomer, the reason why people rely on horoscopes is explained by a psychological phenomenon known as "self-selection bias", which is the tendency of humans to look for interpretations or confirmations for what they already hope to be true. Hence, the reason why astrology may seem like it works is because our brains are wired to look for patterns, even when none exists. Many practitioners of astrology claim that astrology is indeed a science however, despite many trial and experiments, the effectiveness and scientific evidence of astrology is still yet to be demonstrated. In conclusion, astrology has no verifiable mechanism behind it and astrologers follow no sort of scientific method in their process hence it cannot be classified as science.

Christian criticism
In Christianity, many say that people should not use horoscopes or practice astrology in general, citing Deuteronomy 4:19, Deuteronomy 18:10-12, and Isaiah 47:13-14 from the Bible. Evangelist and minister Billy Graham has said, "God did make the stars (as well as everything else in the universe), but he intended them to be a witness to his power and glory, not as a means to guide us or foretell the future."

Despite this contemporary Christian criticism, astrology was practiced widely in Biblical times and the three Wise Men, or Magi, are often considered to have been astrologers who used the "movement of the stars" to guide them to the manger where Christ was born.

See also
 Forer Effect
 Horology
 Synoptical horoscope
 Mars Effect

Footnotes

References

Horoscopic astrology
Technical factors of astrology
Astrology


A $5000 donation by Powerco is kick-starting the campaign to replace Coroglen Hall's "cold and dangerous" toilet facilities.
The toilets in the Coromandel farming community's century-old hall are currently located down steep wooden steps below the stage, without wheelchair access.
Coroglen Hall representative Pam Lingard said the $5000 Powerco donation was a fantastic start to the fundraising drive to replace the toilets with more suitable facilities.
"We were pleasantly astonished at the size of the donation. It's a wonderful way to kick off the fundraising venture. It's given everyone the motivation and inspiration to get things going again," Mrs Lingard said.
Powerco corporate affairs manager Neil Holdom said the donation represented the company's continued commitment to investing in the area.
"Powerco is delighted to be able to help the Coroglen community in this way. Community halls are important hubs for farming communities in New Zealand and, as such, Powerco wanted to support Coroglen's fundraising drive for improved facilities in their hall," he said.
Two years ago, Powerco invested $6 million into a network upgrade between Kaimarama and Coroglen. Since going live, the new 110,000 volt line has greatly reduced the number and duration of power cuts to about 9500 customers on the upper Coromandel Peninsula.


text:
Who is Sundar Pichai Age, Biography, Networth
February 6, 2021 January 31, 2021 by Prashant
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Who is Sundar Pichai: Pichai Sundararajan is also called Sundar Pichai. Sundar Pichai was born on 12 July 1972 in Chennai, India. He spent his childhood in a two-room apartment in Ashok Nagar in Chennai. He completed his school at Jawahar Vidyalaya which was a CBSE school in Ashok Nagar. Sundar Pichai is an Indian American business executive. He is 48 years old. Sundar Pichai is the CEO that is Chief Executive Officer of Google and Alphabet Inc. He has completed his degree from IIT Kharagpur in metallurgical engineering. And after going to the United States he has completed his higher education that is M.S. from Stanford University in material science. He also completed an MBA from Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In 2004 Sundar Pichai joined Google. On August 10, 2015, he was selected as the next CEO of Google.
A post shared by Sundar Pichai (@sundarpichai)
Sundar Pichai began his career as a materials engineer. He joined Google in 2004, where he led the merchandise management and innovation efforts for a set of Google's client software products, including Google Chrome and Chrome OS, also as being largely liable for Google Drive. Additionally, he went on to oversee the event of other applications like Gmail and Google Maps. In 2010, he also announced the open-sourcing of the new video codec VP8 by Google and introduced the new video format, WebM. The Chromebook was released in 2012. In 2013, Sundar Pichai added Android to the list of Google products that he oversaw.
Sundar Pichai was selected to become the subsequent CEO of Google on August 10, 2015, Sundar Pichai CEO of google biography. after previously being appointed Product Chief by CEO, Larry Page. On United Nations Day, 2015, he stepped into the new position after the formation of Alphabet Inc., the new company for the Google company family. His name is also there in the Time magazine's 100 most influential people of 2020.
Sundar Pichai has been working on many projects like google chrome, google maps, google drive, Gmail, and many more. He also has an interest in sports. He likes to play football and cricket. His height is 5.7 feet. His nationality is American. His zodiac sign is cancer. He has a younger brother whose name is Srinivasan Pichai. So this is all about who is Sundar Pichai. In the article who is Sundar Pichai, you will get complete information about who is Sundar Pichai and information related to Sundar Pichai.
Sundar Pichai has completed his degree from IIT Kharagpur in metallurgical engineering. And for higher education he went to the United States he has completed his higher education that is M.S. from Stanford University in material science. He also completed an MBA from Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
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Sundar Pichai favorite Bollywood actress is Deepika Padukone. He likes to play football and cricket. Sundar Pichai favorite football player is Lionel Messi and Sundar Pichai favorite cricketer is Sachin Tendulkar. The wall street Journal is the favorite newspaper of Sundar Pichai.
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Anjali Pichai was born on 11 January 1971 in Kota, Rajasthan. She has completed her school from Kota. And she has completed her chemical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. She is 48 years old. She is working as Business Operation Manager in Intuit which is a software company. She got married to Sundar Pichai who is google CEO. She belongs to a Brahmin Family. Her hobbies are reading and traveling. She mate Sundar at IIT Kharagpur and they become good friends and after some time they started dating each other and then they got married. They have two children. Son's name is Kavya and the daughter's name is Kiran.
Regunatha Pichai is the father of Sundar Pichai. Regunatha Pichai works as an Electrical engineer. His wife's name is Lakshmi Pichai. The couple has two children Srinivasan and Sundar.
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Major drop in number of children prosecuted for criminal offences
The number of children who have been prosecuted for criminal offences has dropped by more than 40...
Eoghan Murphy
05.50 12 Dec 2019
The number of children who have been prosecuted for criminal offences has dropped by more than 40% over the past 10 years.
New figures also show 61 children have faced court action over sexual offences since 2017.
The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has released these details on juvenile offences to Newstalk under the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act.
The statistics relate to the main charge the suspect faced, so do not include multiple charges.
In 2009, 601 cases were directed for prosecution where the suspect was under 18.
This dropped to 354 last year - and 342 so far in 2019.
Suspects under the age of 18 by categorisation of primary charge | Source: Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions
Ian Power, from youth organisation SpunOut.ie, has welcomed the trend.
"I think it's really encouraging to see the trend of young people being prosecuted reducing by such a magnitude.
"I think it confirms what we know: that both the Garda Youth Diversion Project, and also the Garda Youth Diversion Projects that are happening around the country, are having the impact that we want them to have".
Over the past three years, 1,042 children have faced prosecution.
Sixty-one of those cases relate to sexual offences, while 280 were over non-fatal offences and assaults.
Sixty-three children have faced court action for possessing a firearm or offensive weapon since 2017.
Children Prosecuted DPP Director Of Public Prosecutions Freedom Of Information Ian Power Prosecution SpunOut.ie