text:
'They walk the walk': Trumbull football looking to turn a corner in Petroccio's fourth season
Scott Ericson
Trumbull QB Hunter Agosti during Grip It and Rip It 7-on-7 football tournament action in New Canaan, Conn., on Saturday July 10, 2021.
Christian Abraham / Hearst Connecticut MediaShow MoreShow Less
Trumbull's Owen Solano (1) carries the ball during Grip It and Rip It 7-on-7 football tournament action in New Canaan, Conn., on Saturday July 10, 2021.
Trumbull's Owen Solano (1) misses a touchdown pass during Grip It and Rip It 7-on-7 football tournament action in New Canaan, Conn., on Saturday July 10, 2021.
Trumbull Coach Marce Petroccio during Grip It and Rip It 7-on-7 football tournament action in New Canaan, Conn., on Saturday July 10, 2021.
Trumbull's Owen Solano goes up for a touchdown catch during day one of the Grip It and Rip It football tournament in New Canaan on Friday, July 9. 2021.
David Stewart / Hearst Connecticut MediaShow MoreShow Less
Since taking over the Trumbull football program in 2018, Marce Petroccio has been building what he hopes is a sustainable program.
Despite missing the 2020 season and having some of the same question marks every program has going into the 2021 season with players lacking much varsity experience, Petroccio feels this could be a tide-turning year for Trumbull.
"This is a really special group. We have great senior leadership and we have kids who really want to win," Trumbull coach Marce Petroccio said. "They not only talk the talk, they walk the walk. It's chemistry and you can't coach it. We know there is a real season coming up and these kids they are embracing everything that has to be done to get ready for that."
The Eagles were 5-5 in 2018 under Petroccio and 3-7 in 2019.
In his first years at Staples his teams went 2-8, 5-5 and 5-5 before going 8-3 in his fourth year and 11-2 in his fifth year, winning the FCIAC championship and reaching the CIAC Class L title game.
That road map would be just fine for Petroccio to follow at Trumbull.
The Eagles have seniors to lean on for leadership but the plan, at least heading into training camp in August, is to have players from all grades contributing.
"It's a good mix, we have some young kids playing too," Petroccio said. "We haven't really faced anybody since November 2019 and we know there's a real season coming up. These kids are embracing it and have been working hard to prepare for it."
Petroccio knows winning having taken home five FCIAC and three state titles while coaching Staples to 210 wins in 25 years.
He also knows how to win at Trumbull having played there for legendary coach Jerry McDougall and later joining McDougall's staff before taking the Staples job.
Fans got a sneak peek at Trumbull in the Grip it and Rip it 7-on-7 tournament in New Canaan two weeks ago where the Eagles reached the semifinals.
"We are all about confidence," Petroccio said. "We just have to keep on getting better and better. All of a sudden, kids that may not try hard sometimes because it's 7-on-7, those kids are already locked and loaded. Everybody is on point. That's what these games do for us."
The season officially kicks off with OTA's from Aug. 12-14 and formal practices Aug. 21.
Trumbull opens the season at Staples Sept. 10 in what will be Trumbull's first trip to Westport since Petroccio took over the Eagles.
In other key games, they face their neighbors from Shelton out of the SCC Oct. 1; host Greenwich Oct. 22 and travel to Ridgefield Nov. 5.
Petroccio feels his team will be ready for the challenging schedule, in part because he has confidence his team will be strong defensively.
Though it is not the same as it will be in real games, he liked what he saw from that side of the ball at Grip it and Rip it.
"The one thing we haven't done since I have been here is play great defense," Petroccio said. "Now, we are starting to play quality defense. It starts in the back end and those kids have been great here. We have some big kids we will have up front. We are excited for August and for the season."
Sericson@stamfordadvocate.com; @EricsonSports
Reach Scott on
Scott is a sports writer for GametimeCT and Hearst Connecticut Media, writing about high school sports across Connecticut. He also has co-hosted "Just for Kicks," the high school soccer podcast, and "high and Tight," a high school baseball podcast.


Have you noticed the Google chat pane in Gmail? Did you know Google Chat is more than just a basic IM tool? Chat helps you stay connected to your friends and colleagues with voice and video, available through the Google Talk plug-in. If you're interested in taking your collaboration to the next level, using Google Chat and Talk, then read on!
Take note of the Chat widget located on the sidebar of your Gmail interface. Let's get started by inviting a coworker to Chat. Navigate to the Chat widget and start typing the email address of the individual you'd like to add - the address should automatically populate if the address is already one of your contacts. Roll over their name, then click Invite to Chat to send them an invite.
Once your friend or coworker has accepted the invite, you can get started. Notice that their name has appeared in your Chat list along with a status indicator. A green dot means they are active and available to chat, orange indicates that they are idle, and red unavailable. If the contact has a camera icon, instead of a dot, they have a webcam and can participate in a Google Talk voice/video chat session.
You can choose a custom status message, by clicking the drop down arrow next to Set status here (see above). Your custom message will then display beneath your name (see below).
This is a great way to keep coworkers informed and politely indicate that you are busy.
To send an instant message, first, click on the name of the contact you wish to message. You'll notice a chat window appear in the bottom right-hand corner of the Google Mail interface. Start typing your message, and hit enter to send (see below).
Your Chat dialogues are stored in Gmail for future reference. You can access these by clicking on the default Chats label in Gmail, conducting a search, or browsing All mail.
For more private conversations, you can go "off the record" while chatting. To initiate this, click on Actions in the Chat window to display a drop down. Next, click Go off the record.
Once you're off the record, this is indicated in the Chat box (see below). You can go back on the record at any time. Remember, anything you chat while "off the record" will not be saved for future reference.
Has Chat piqued your interest? There's more! Stay tuned for our next post, which will cover more advanced features, such as multi-person conversations, and voice/video chats using Google Talk.


You can check how many color stars you currently have by looking at your Stars that you can use list on your My Hatena page.
If you meet any of the requirements below you can get some free green stars. The current requirements are as follows, and we plan to add more ways in the future to get free color stars for your activities on Hatena. You can see what color star presents you've received by checking 's Item Received History page.


text:
Discocainia laciniata är en svampart som först beskrevs av Alb. & Schwein., och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Tork. & Eckblad 1977. Discocainia laciniata ingår i släktet Discocainia och familjen Rhytismataceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Sporsäcksvampar
laciniata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
RudderPosts
Stories, news, and curiosities from the world of WoodenBoat
Viking Voyager.1
Viking Voyager
Heady Stuff
GINGER: A 50' Fast Daysailer
Tremolino
It's Not wood, But...
Lifetime Achievement Award: Phil Bolger
A Trip to Toad's Landing
A Ketch from John Alden
A Sloop From Martin Erismann
Cool Boats
Guest Author: Robb White
Products & Stuff
RudderPosts Surveys
Sailing Lore
The Designer Archives
U.S. Festivals and Shows
WoodenBoat magazine
WoodenBoat Staff
Paul and Pat Murphy on Looking for Information on SEMINOLE
davernginzks on Small Outboard Motors
Perry Degener on Small Boats
Dave Tew on Heady Stuff
Harold L. Potts on GINGER: A 50' Fast Daysailer
richard benson on Designer Archives
Duane Muzzy on Willard B Jackson
Lance F. Gunderson on Tremolino
safehaven on A Trip to Toad's Landing
vowlTraro on Signature Seattle
« A Trip to Toad's Landing | Main | It's Not wood, But... »
Readers who saw the post below this one will note that Phil Bolger (photo, left) was honored, along with Bill Garden, at last year's WoodenBoat Show. This year, we'll honor a group of designers who pioneered multihull sailing yachts. Before the hoopla begins for that, a glance back is in order.
Sam Devlin, the noted designer and builder of highly refined stitch-and-glue plywood boats, moderated a wonderful tribute to Bolger on the Saturday evening of last year's show. Several speakers presented heartfelt tributes—though the highlight of the night was WoodenBoat Designs Editor Mike O'Brien's witty and insightful gallery of favorite Bolger designs. (This was based, in part, on Mike's article "Classical Bolger," which appeared in WB No. 164.)
Mike's article was titled "Classical Bolger" because, as any contemporary student of small craft design knows, Phil Bolger's signature style is anything but classical. Simplicity, rather than complexity, is the hallmark here. His boats are typically built of plywood, and are sometimes called "Bolger boxes"—a pejorative term in some circles, but a point of pride for Mr. Bolger and his many fans worldwide. Bolger boats are built in huge numbers, and they perform as advertised.
But I digress. The article was called "Classical Bolger" because many newcomers to Phil Bolger's style assume that the box-type boats are all he knows. That's not true. Phil Bolger is, in fact, a prolific designer of wide ranging style. He worked as a draftsman for Lindsay Lord and John Hacker in the 1950s, and was mentored by none other than L. Francis Herreshoff. Since 1952, and the publication of his first design—a 32' sportfisherman—Bolger has designed nearly 700 boats. They range from the ubiquitous Light Dory (WoodenBoat Senior Editor Tom Jackson can be seen rowing his on the January page of Benjamin Mendlowitz's Calendar of Wooden Boats this year) to the famous HMS ROSE (now the HMS SURPRISE, which starred along with Russell Crowe in Master and Commander). Between these extremes are sharpies, outboard skiffs, camp cruisers, motor cruisers, dinghies, daysailers, and more. These boats appear in Bolger's numerous books, including the popular Boats with an Open Mind.
Bolger lives and works in Gloucester, Massachusetts, with his wife Susanne Altenberger, doing business as Phil Bolger and Friends. Ever the innovator, Bolger's current efforts are centered on fuel-efficient recreational and fishing boats, as well as on a large military commission to develop a more effective landing craft.
Our kudos to Phil Bolger for his remarkable achievements.
Posted by Matthew Murphy on January 16, 2008 at 05:30 AM | Permalink

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Quantum Systems Unit
Associate Professor Thomas Busch
Out work has in the recent year focused on two main strands. One deals with the superfluid properties of Bose-Einstein condensates, in particular in relation to controlling vortex and persistent flow states , and the other looks at the developement of techniques to control strongly correlated quantum systems. At the same time we are still working on ideas relating to quantum hybrid systems, quantum walks, and spin-orbit coupling physics.
Dr. Chandrashekar Madaiah, Researcher
Dr. Jérémie Gillet, Researcher
Dr. Zhang Yongping, Researcher
Dr. Albert Benseny Cases, Researcher
Dr. Angela White, Researcher
Dr. Rashi Sachdeva, Researcher
Dr. Marta Abad Garcia, Researcher
Ms. Tara Hennessy, Student
Mr. Lee O'Riordarn, Student
Ms. Sawako Koki, Research Administrator
Rotation Students
Ms. Irina Reshodko (September - December, 2014)
Ms. Yuna Hattori (January - April, 2015)
Mr. James Schloss (January - April, 2015)
Research Interns
Ms. Nitica Sakharwade, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India (May 12, 2014 - July 18, 2014)
Mr. Jacob Swain, University of Oxford, UK (July 1, 2014 - August 30)
Mr. Alan Miscampbell, University of Oxford, UK (July 1, 2014 - August 30)
Mr. Adrian David, University of Oxford, UK (October 6, 2014 - December 19, 2014)
Ms. Tania Loke, Research Intern, University of Western Australia (December 1, 2014 - February 6, 2015)
Theme: Muti-dimensional SAP
Researchers:
J. Mompart, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
V. Ahufinger, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
Theme: Quantum Thermodynamics
M. Paternostro, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland
Theme: Creating non-classical many-body states using shortcuts to adiabticity
G. Muga, Bilbao University, Spain
Theme: Spin-Orbit Coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates
P. Engels, Washington State University, US
3.1 Emergence of classical rotation in superfluid Bose-Einstein Condensates
Phase transitions can modify quantum behavior on mesoscopic scales and give access to new and unusual quantum dynamics. In this project we have investigated the superfluid properties of a rotating two component Bose-Einstein condensate as a function of changes in the interaction energy and in particular through the phase transition from miscibility to immiscibility. We have shown that the breaking of one of the hallmarks of superfluid flow, namely the quantisation condition on circulation, is continuous throughout an azimuthal phase separation process and displays intriguing density dynamics. The resulting currents are stable for long times and possess a phase boundary that exhibits classical solid body rotation, despite the quantum nature of superfluid flow. To support this co-existence of classical and quantum behavior the system develops a unique velocity flow profile, which includes unusual radial flow in regions near the phase boundary.
Figure: Decomposition of the condensate velocity into (a) azimuthal and (b) radial components. The development of a radial component is required to adjust the 1/r velocity profile to allow solid body rotation.
3.2 Two particles spatial adiabatic passage
Quantum information processing requires control over the quantum state of interacting particles to a high degree of fidelity. This is also an important ability to have in the quest for understanding fundamental properties of non-classical states. We have studied a system of two ultra-cold bosons in a triple well, and shown that, thanks to the inter-particle interaction, isolated energy bands appear that allow to easily generalize known single-particle techniques. We have demonstrated this for the well known spatial adiabatic passage effect, which can control the centre-of-mass state of atoms with high fidelity.
Figure: Fidelity of the spatial adiabatic passage for two interacting bosons as a function of their interaction. From the non-interacting case (Eg = 1) to the Tonks-Girardeau limit (Eg = 2). Blue and orange curves represent total times T = 4000 and T = 12000, respectively.
3.3 Spatial adiabatic passage in cylindically symmetric potentials
We have investigated spatial adiabatic passage processes for ultra-cold atoms trapped in tunnel-coupled cylindrically symmetric concentric potentials. We studied the matter-wave analogue of the rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) technique for a high fidelity and robust loading of a single atom into a harmonic ring potential from a harmonic trap, and for its transport between two concentric rings. We also considered a system of three concentric rings and investigated the transport of a single atom from the innermost ring to the outermost one via the matter-wave analogue of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique.
Figure: Numerical simulation of the matter-wave STIRAP process to transport a single atom from the innermost to the outermost potential of three concentric rings. Atomic density (top row) and phase distribution (bottom row) at (i) initial, (ii) intermediate, and (iii) final times of the process.
3.4 Shortcut to adiabaticity for spatial adiabatic passage
Adiabatic processes such as spatial adiabatic passage (SAP) can yield a very high fidelity, but at the cost of being carried out over long time scales. Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) techniques allow to speed them up adiabatic while maintaining their robustness and fidelity. We have applied STA to SAP to transfer a single electron in a system composed of three quantum dots in a robust manner, while decreasing the time required to achieve transport. In order to implement the STA a two-dimensional configuration for the quantum dots was needed, as well as the application of an external magnetic field.
Figure: (left) Sketch of the quantum-dot system where a STA is used to transport an electron between states 1 and 3. Green arrows represent an external magnetic field. (right) Fidelity of the transport with and without the application of the STA.
3.5 Persistent currents in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a ring trap
We have studied the stability of persistent currents in coherently coupled quasi-2D Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a ring trap at T=0. By numerically solving Gross-Pitaevskii equations and analyzing the excitation spectrum obtained from diagonalisation of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes matrix, we have described the mechanisms that brings about the decay of the persistent currents depending on the values of the interaction coupling constants and the Rabi frequency. When the unpolarized system decays due to an energetic instability in the density channel, the spectrum can develop a roton-like minimum, which gives rise to the finite wavelength excitation necessary for vortex nucleation at the inner surface. When decay in the unpolarized system is driven by spin-density excitations, the finite wavelength naturally arises from the existence of a gap in the excitation spectrum. In the polarized phase of the coherently coupled condensate, there is a hybridization of the excitation modes that leads to complex decay dynamics. In particular, close to the phase transition, a state of broken rotational symmetry was found to be stationary and stable.
Figure: Density difference due to the instability between the initial and the evolved densitities for the two components (left) and associated phase patterns (right).
3.6 Moire patterns in kicked Bose-Einstein condensates
Vortex lattices in rapidly-rotating Bose--Einstein condensates lead to a periodic modulation of the superfluid density with a triangular symmetry. In this project we show that this symmetry can be combined with an external perturbation in order to create super-lattice structures with two or more periodicities. Considering a condensate which is kicked by an optical lattice potential, we find the appearance of transient Moire lattice structures, which can be identified using the kinetic energy spectrum of the condensate.
Figure: Clearly visible moire structures appear in the condensate density briefly after the kicking. The different structure sizes are due to different misalignment angles.
3.7 Artificial gauge fields for Bose Einstein Condensates trapped around nanofibers
Trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled atoms in evanescent fields around
nanofibers paves a way to engineer hybrid quantum systems (light-matter interfaces), since they exhibit both long ground state coherence times and efficient coupling to fiber guided fields. This coupling is possible because the evanescent field around the nanofiber represents an intensity gradient to the nearby atoms, which leads to a dipole force that is either attractive or repulsive depending on the detuning. In this project we focus on a method of artificial gauge field generation, which involves adiabatic motion of atoms, that experience an evanescent field due to optical nanofibers. Because of a large gradient in generalized Rabi frequency, geometric vector and scalar potentials are created, which are related to Berry phase generation. We model the fiber-BEC coupled ensemble with artificial gauge fields by using the evanescent field of the propagating modes in the nanofiber. We perform numerical simulations of two-dimensional GPE using the artificial gauge fields
calculated for the fundamental HE11 mode, to observe vortices in the trapped BEC on both sides of the nanofibers.
Figure: This figure shows a cut through the condensate density around the fibre (not shown). The cores of a number of vortex rings are clearly visible.
3.8 Rotating NOON state creation using optimal control
We have implemented the Chopped RAndom Basis (CRAB) optimal control technique for both single particle and multiple particles on a ring of strongly correlated ultracold atoms by either a rotating the trap, modifying the barrier strength, or both to achieve a NOON superposition state. For this, we determined either the optimal angular velocity of the trap or the optimal barrier strength as a function of time, where the angular velocity is constrained to start at 0 and finish at pi, the position of the first avoided crossing in the energy spectrum. At that point, our implementation of the CRAB algorithm maximizes the fidelity and we have shown that the highest fidelity was generated by optimizing both our rotational pulse and barrier strength, while the minimum fidelity was generated by optimizing over the barrier strength alone. Thus, it should be now possible to generate a rotating pulse in a certain time regime to create a NOON state on a ring buy either optimizing the rotation of the trap or barrier strength.
Figure 1 Figure 2
Figure: The left shows the energy spectrum of a single particle on a ring with broken rotational symmetry and the panel on the right shows an example of a rotational pulse generated by the CRAB algorithm for creating a superposition state.
3.9 Measurement of collective excitations in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
The collective excitation spectrum of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate features the existence of roton-like structure, which can be measured using Bragg spectroscopy. The spin-orbit coupling is generated by Raman dressing of atomic hyperfine states. When the Raman detuning is reduced, mode softening at a finite momentum is revealed, which provides insight into a supersolid-like phase transition. Together with the experimental group of Prof. Engles at WSU we have found that for certain experimental parameters realised in their experiment, this softening stops at a finite excitation gap and is symmetric under a sign change of the Raman detuning.
Figure: The left shows the roton softening for different Raman detunings and the right panel the schematic explaining the Bragg spectroscopy technique.
3.10 Fast quasiadiabatic dynamics
Together with the group of Prof. Muga we have worked out the theory and applications of a fast quasiadiabatic approach to speed up slow adiabatic manipulations of quantum systems by driving a control parameter as near to the adiabatic limit as possible over the entire protocol duration. We find characteristic time scales, such as the minimal time to achieve fidelity 1, and the optimality of the approach within the iterative superadiabatic sequence. Specifically, we show that the population inversion in a two-level system, the splitting and cotunneling of two-interacting bosons, and the stirring of a Tonks-Girardeau gas on a ring to achieve mesoscopic superpositions of many-body rotating and nonrotating states can be significantly speeded up.
Figure: Fidelity of the NOON state for atoms on a ring using the fast quasiadiabatic method (black line) and a linear pulse (red line) for three particles. For 9 particles the same is given by the blue dots and the green triangles, respectively.
Hamner, C., Zhang, Y., Khamehchi, M. A., Davis, M. J. & Engels, P.
Hennessy, T. & Busch, T.
Khamehchi, M. A., Zhang, Y., Hamner, C., Busch, T. & Engels, P.
Benseny, A., Albareda, G., Sanz, Á. S. ,Mompart, J., Oriols, X.
Madaiah, C. & Busch, T.
Campbell, S., Garcia-March, M. A., Fogarty, T. & Busch, T.
Taketani, B. G., Fogarty, T., Kajari, E., Busch, T. & Morigi, G.
Hamner, C., Qu, C., Zhang, Y., Chang, J., Gong, M., Zhang, C. & Engels, P.
Menchon-Enrich, R., McEndoo, S., Busch, T., Ahufinger, V. & Mompart, J.
4.3 Conference Invited Lecture
Busch, T. Controlled Dynamics in Strongly Correlated Many Body Systems.
Shortcuts to Adiabaticity 2014 Shanghai, China (2014).
Shortcusts to Adiabaticity, Optimal Quantum Control, and Thermadynamics Conference Telluride, USA (2014).
White, A. Winding up toroidally trapped two-component spinor condensates.
International Workshop on Quantum Gases, Fluid and Solids (QGFS), University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil (2014).
4.4 Conference Oral Presentation
Benseny Cases, A. Hybrid systems of ions and electric-dipolar condensates. Workshop on Hierarchy of Quantum Mechanics, Okazaki Conference Center, Okazaki City, Aichi, Japan (2015).
Hennessy, T. Detecting trapped atoms using an optical nanofiber 2014 Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science Conference, Arizona, U.S. (2014).
Madaiah, C. Quantum percolation on a two-dimensional lattice with random disconnection using quantum walks. Quantum Simulations and Quantum Walks 2014, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014).
Madaiah, C. Disorder and noise as passage for interplay between localization and diffusion of quantum walk. Joint Mathematics Meetings, Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center, San Antonio, USA (2015).
4.5 Conference Poster Presentation
Benseny, A. & Busch, T. Hybrid systems of ions and electric-dipolar condensates. Topical Research Meeting on Hybrid Quantum Systems, Nottingham, United Kingdom (2014).
Benseny, A., Kiely, A., Sakharwade, N., Rushaupt, A. & Busch, T. Two-dimensional spatial adiabatic passage: generation of angular momentum and shortcuts to adiabaticity. Quantum Africa 3, Rabat, Morocco (2014).
White, A., Hennessy, T., Abad, M. & Busch, T. Stability of Rotating Multicomponent BECs in Toroidal Traps. Quo Vadis BEC, Bad Honnef, Germany (2014).
White, A., Hennessy, T. & Busch, T. Rotational properties of two component Bose Einstein condensates. ICAP 2014 Washington DC, USA (2014).
White, A., Hennessy, T. & Busch, T. Rotational properties of two component Bose Einstein condensates. NORDITA Conference on Quantum Engineering of States and Devices, Stockholm, Sweden (2014).
White, A., Hennessy, T. & Busch, T. Rotational properties of two component Bose Einstein condensates. The 27th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Palais Rouge Convention Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2014).
4.6 Seminar
Busch, T. Engineering of Quantum Systems by Controlling Interactions. Turku University, Turku, Finland (2015).
Busch, T. Engineering of Quantum Systems by Controlling Interactions. Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland (2015).
White, A. Quantum Turbulence in Bose-Einstein Condensates. University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil (2014).
Juggling with Photons in Cavities
Venue: OIST Campus B250 Center Building
Speaker: Prof. Serge Haroche (Collège de France and Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris)
Shortcuts to adiabaticity in many-body systems
Speaker: Dr. Adolfo del Campo (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA)
Exotic fluid dynamics in binary superfluids
Speaker: Dr. Hiromitsu Takeuchi (Osaka City University, Japan)
Fast and Robust Control of Quantum Systems with Shortcuts to Adiabaticity
Date:June 16, 2014
Speaker: Dr. Andreas Raschhaupt (University College Cork, Ireland)
Laser stirring as a route to Quantum Turbulence in trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
Date:July 9, 2014
Speaker: Dr. Joy Allen (Newcastle University, UK)
Optics and Atom Optics à la de Broglie-Bohm
Speaker: Prof. Jordi Mompart (Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain)
Can we derive the second law of thermodynamics from the Schrödinger equation?
Date:October 2, 2014
Speaker: Prof. Biao Wu (Peking University, China)
Stable two-dimensional composite solitons in spin-orbit-coupled self-attractive Bose-Einstein condensates in free space
Speaker: Prof. Boris Malomed (Tel Aviv University, Israel)
Effects of disorder and dimerization on the surface states of weak 3D topological insulators
Date:October 24, 2014
Speaker: Prof. Hideki Obuse (Hokkaido University, Japan)
Spin Turbulence in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates
Date:February 19 , 2015
Speaker: Prof. Makoto Tsubota (Osaka City University, Japan)
BEC and classical field approximation
Date: February 24, 201
Speaker: Prof. Kazimierz Rzazewski (Warsaw University, Poland)
Artificial gauge fields and spin-orbit coupling in dilute-gas BECs
Date:March 5, 2015
Speaker: Prof. Peter Engels (Washington State University, USA)
6.2 Workshop: Coherent Control of Complex Quantum Systems 2014
Date: April 14-17, 2014
Venue: OIST Seaside House
Co-organisers: Masahito Ueda, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Klaus Mølmer, Aarhus University, Denmark
Tilman Esslinger, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Jason Twamley, Macquarie University, Australia
6.3 Workshop: Okinawa School in Physics: Coherent Quantum Dynamics 2014
Date: Sptember 16-25, 2014
Co-organizers: Síle Nic Chormaic, OIST Graduate University, Japan
Yasunobu Nakamura, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Masahito Ueda, The University of Tokyo, Japan
6.4 Joint Symposium: Vires Acquirit Eundo "We gather strength as we move"
Date: December 12-13, 2014
Venue: OIST Campus Center Building C209
Co-organizer: The University of Tokyo


text:
Q: Se puede utilizar el nombre de una columna como condicion en SQL Server Estoy recibiendo unos parametros que me dejan la siguiente consulta:

Necesito hacer un UPDATE en la columna MONTO_ENE_18, es posible que en mi consulta se pueda agregar el nombre de la columna para que pueda hacer el UPDATE?

A: Podrías dar mas información acerca de como estas intentando hacer la consulta?
Si lo que quieres es actualizar ese valor que tienes señalado sería algo como
UPDATE nombretabla  SET MONTO_ENE_18 = 40000 WHERE MONTO_ENE_18 = 30382

También podrías utilizar un AND para refinar la búsqueda.

A: Para actualizar un registro debes hacer uso de UPDATE, a continuación la tabla que deseas, luego haces uso de SET para especificar que campos deseas actualizar, y al final WHERE para aplicar la condición (que filtros se deben cumplir). Ej:
UPDATE [Tabla1]
SET columna1 = 'valor', columna2 = 'valor2'
WHERE columna1 = 'condicion' and columna4 = 'condicion'

Espero haberte ayudado en tu pregunta, saludos.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
The Look Of Love (Pt. 1)
Love Conquers All (Remixes)
Grupa ABC Andrzeja Nebeskiego
The Lexicon Of Love (Deluxe Edition)
Gramaticando Y Multiplicando
Say It (Remixes)
Capodanno 2020 Nostalgia 80's Hits
The number one
H Diallo
Burnt Pages
BME Beezy
À propos de ABC
During the first half of the '80s, ABC's catchy, synth-driven Dance Pop scored a number of chart hits around the world, although the band's popularity was strongest in their native Britain. Frontman Martin Fry's pin-up looks lent him to glossy teen mags and MTV audiences ready to devour the next big thing. That, coupled with ABC's R&B-influenced Synth Pop (featuring strong hooks and memorable choruses) resulted in a one-two combination that knocked audiences out. For a while, anyway. ABC's popularity waned with the passing of the decade. Linda Ryan
Duran Duran, The Human League, The Psychedelic Furs, Ultravox, Wang Chung, Wham!
During the first half of the '80s, ABC's catchy, synth-driven Dance Pop scored a number of chart hits around the world, although the band's popularity was strongest in their native Britain. Frontman Martin Fry's pin-up looks lent him to glossy teen mags and MTV audiences ready to devour the next big thing. That, coupled with ABC's R&B-influenced Synth Pop (featuring strong hooks and memorable choruses) resulted in a one-two combination that knocked audiences out. For a while, anyway. ABC's popularity waned with the passing of the decade.
Classic ABC - The Universal Masters Collection
Rollin' Remixes
Musica Romantica Anni Ottanta 80's
Heartbroken Immigrant
Kanani
Tax Free Bounces
HOT PARTY 80 CLASSICS
REFLECTION OF MY MIND


With warmer weather approaching, there isn't anything more refreshing than ice cold lemonade – in fact, lemons in just about anything seem to become a summertime favorite. Although sour, lemons can be used in a variety of ways, from sprucing up water to complementing our favorite entree dishes.
Lemons, along with other citrus fruits, are hailed for their health benefits, and the latest findings suggest that lemons can help ward off fatty liver, a growing problem that's even outranking the alcohol-induced liver issues.
The Japanese study found that lemons contain ingredients that can actually help prevent fatty liver. Fatty liver is a reversible condition in which fat permeates the liver cells. Over time, as the condition worsens, fatty liver can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. But the good news is, something as simple as a lemon can help prevent all these problems.
In Italy and Greece, rates of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease are low. It was often believed that olive oil is the magical solution for this. Instead, Japanese researchers found that the consumption of lemons within these regions is quite high, and that is what is offering these protective qualities.
The researchers conducted their study on zebrafish, which have similar obesity mechanisms to humans. At first, the researchers made the zebrafish fat, and then gave the fish a compound found in lemons. The researchers noted that the liver fat and blood lipids in the fish reduced by at least two-thirds.
The researchers furthered the study by adding this compound to liver cells obtained from humans, and the fat in the liver cells curbed. The researchers noted that the mitochondria become activated by the compound in lemons that speeds up cell metabolism, which in turn reduces fat.
If you want to promote liver health, start adding more lemons into your diet, either in your water, or as a snack on its own, or even homemade lemonade – just be mindful of your sweetening agent, as sugar can harm the liver.


text:
Q: Eclipse Web Project Dependencies This question is about Eclipse development, I am trying to create a web application in Eclipse, the problem is that I don't get the the dependencies jars to the deployed archive.
I've created a new dynamic web project and linked it to another Java project. The Java project references a few 3rd party jars (e.g. Spring jars) but for some reasons when publishing the web project I get only the Java project jar in the lib dir of the war, without the Java project dependencies (e.g.Spring).
In other words, I have project A (web project) that depends on project B (Java Project), project B depends on Spring jars. When I publish the web project as a war to JBoss only project B is packaged into the jar (no spring jars)
I know I can do it with ant, I even have such build.xml to build the whole app, but I thought eclipse can also perform the packaging task for me.
I added the Java project to the Java EE module dependencies in the web project.
Should I use the export option in the Java project build path properties? should I add the dependencies of the Java project to the web project as well?
What am I doing wrong?
Edit: I am using Eclipse 3.5.1

A: *

*Go to web project properties.

*Deployment Assembly (Left).

*Add > Select project > Select your lib project > Check "Assemble projects into the WEB-INF/lib folder of the web application" if not checked > Finish.

*Java Build Path (Left) > Projects Tab > Add... > Select your lib project > OK

*Java Build Path (Left) > Order and Export Tab > Select your lib project.

*Save

*Now it works.

A: I know it's been four years since the last post, and maybe this option wasn't available back then, but here's what worked for me:

*

*Go to Web Project->Properties

*Deployment Assembly

*Use the 'Add' button to add your project dependency

*Go to Project->Properties for the project you're depending on

*Deployment Assembly

*Use the 'Add' button to add the project's runtime library dependencies

*Web Project->Run As..->Run On Server and it worked for me

Be warned that steps 4-6 will mean that if you're using eclipse to build your jar file, it will now include your dependent libraries in that jar.
Thanks to rodgarcialima for helping me get to step 3.

A:
I added the Java project to the Java EE module dependencies in the web project.

If the purpose is to take the dependencies (read: JAR files/projects/etc) of the other project into the runtime classpath of the current project, then only that way doesn't work. You need to configure the other project to export its dependencies. It's done by Order and Export tab in build path properties. Hope this helps.

A: Also take note of this bug reported on Eclipse WTP, which sometimes prevent your dependencies from being deployed to WEB-INF/lib, even if you configured everything correctly. Sigh.
Bug 312897 - Deployment feature doesn't deploy classpath dependencies.
As I understand it, to use a JAR at compile time in Eclipse and make sure it is also available at run-time in the appserver, you:

*

*Add the JAR to your build path

*Mark the JAR as an exported EE module dependency

If you need JAR's which are needed by another project that you are using, I would personally list them as explicit dependencies in the build path and also add those to the exported module dependencies.
But don't take my answer at face value as I stumbled upon this post while searching for the reason I'm getting NoClassDefFound errors in my Eclipse project... ;)

A: You should be packaging your web app into a WAR file prior to deploying it.  There must be a way to tell Eclipse which JAR files you'd like it to put in the WEB-INF/lib directory.  If not, write an Ant build.xml that does it for you.
You should not have to modify any classpath variables in either your environment or the app server.  The right way to do it is to create a proper WAR file.
UPDATE: I re-read your question:

but for some reasons when publishing the web project I get only the java project jar in the lib dir of JBoss, without its dependencies jar (e.g.Spring).

What does this mean?  You should not be putting anything in the JBOSS /lib dir.  The whole point of a WAR file is that it's a self-containing artifact that carries along all its dependencies.  If you're trying to write stuff to the JBOSS /lib directory, you're doing it wrong.
The WAR file needs to go into the domain that you set up.  No need to alter the app server.

A: If I understand you correctly the problem is that if you use project A which in turn depends on project B you do not get the artifacts from project B but only A.
The issue is that your project must list ALL the things it needs in Properties -> Java EE module dependencies, which is a separate mechanism from the usual project exports.  You will probably need to do some experimentation.


text:
Parklife Music Festival was an Australian music festival held between 2000-2013 in city parks around Australia in September/October.

History
Until 2012, Parklife was one of Australia's longest running and most popular music festivals.

Starting in 2000, Parklife was known for its diverse, eclectic and ground-breaking line-ups, bringing live acts and dj's to Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth.

Headline acts played in every city but the number of stages would vary from 3-5, depending on the city.

The last Parklife Festival was in 2013, when Promoters Fuzzy announced they were retiring the brand. Organisers announced a new touring event called Listen Out (festival), a national "intelligent dance event" which toured Sydney, Perth, Melbourne and Brisbane.

Artist line-ups by years

2007

 Adam Freeland
 Ajax
 Busy P
 Cajuan
 Craze
 Derrick Carter
 Digitalism
 Dj Delicious
 Freq Nasty Soundsystem
 Goose
 Greenskeepers
 Justice
 Kid Kenobi
 K.I.M.
 Lyrics Born
 M.I.A.
 MSTRKRFT
 Muscles
 Riot in Belgium
 Scratch Perverts
 Shapeshifter
 Stereo MCs
 The Herd
 The Sounds
 Yacht
 Yelle

2012

 Nero Live
 Tame Impala
 Justice Dj Set
 Rusko
 The Presets
 Passion Pit
 Plan B
 Chiddy Bang
 Robyn
 Chairlift
 Dj Fresh Live
 Labyrinth
 Jacques Lu Cont
 Benga Live
 Citizens!
 Wiley
 Parachute Youth
 Jack Beats Live
 St Lucia
 Hermitude
 Art Department
 Modestep
 Charli Xcx
 Rizzle Kicks
 Lee Foss
 Flume
 Alison Wonderland

2011

 The Gossip
 Lykke Li
 Santigold
 Adrian Lux
 Death From Above 1979
 Duck Sauce
 Katy B
 The Naked & Famous
 Crystal Fighters
 Digitalism
 Diplo
 Duck Sauce
 Example
 The Streets
 Simian Mobile Disco
 Magnetic Man
 Nero
 SebastiAn
 Mstrkrft
 Sebastien Tellier
 Little Dragon
 Gold Fields
 Mylo
 Wolfgang Gartner
 Joker & MC Nomad
 Feed Me
 Tensnake
 Kimbra
 Albert Salt
 The Aston Shuffle
 Flux Pavilion
 Yacht Club DJs
 Harvard Bass

References

Music festivals in Australia


text:
A century of opening up government gathers pace
Joss Winn, University of Lincoln
Joss Winn
Senior Lecturer, University of Lincoln
In the past few years Joss has been awarded grants by Jisc to undertake research and development projects which produced Open Educational Resources, Open Data and Open Source Software.
Open government. The word is spreading. joebeone
The World Bank is to provide a $1.2 million grant to fund the Open Data Partnership for Development, a project with the Open Knowledge Foundation and the Open Data Institute. The aim is to help developing countries to run open data initiatives and to carry out research into how open data can benefit sustainable development.
The partnership was announced at the 2013 [OKCon](OKCon](http://okcon.org/) open knowledge conference in Geneva last week.
A post-war legacy
Rufus Pollock, co-founder of the Open Knowledge Foundation said this is "the century of open knowledge". If that is the case then the roots of the movement are to be found in the 20th century, with the development of liberalism as it confronted the totalitarianism of Nazi fascism and Stalinist communism. The horrors of World War II and the paranoia of the Cold War led to intense reflection on the nature of freedom and democracy. In 1945, Karl Popper published his two-volume critique of totalitarianism, The Open Society and its Enemies, two-years after Friedrich Hayek published The Road to Serfdom, a foundational text for neoliberalism and open markets.
Elsewhere in the wartime academy, Norbert Wiener and others were developing the discipline of cybernetics, which analysed society as a system of communication and feedback – an information society. In 1948, Wiener published the landmark book, Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and Machine, which would influence the emerging disciplines of cognitive science, artificial intelligence, robotics and computer science.
The logic of openness
The groups to have so far built most actively on these ideals have been scientists and technologists. This has been neatly articulated by Christopher Kelty, who [wrote](http://twobits.net/](http://twobits.net/) about the "recursive public" of the internet, which turns freedom of information advocates into activists who find themselves necessarily campaigning for open standards, open infrastructure, open source and so on, in order to protect the freedoms they cherish.
We can see this in the open access movement, which has its roots in the free and open source software movement that emerged out of the artificial intelligence labs of the 1970s. Now more than a decade old, open access has initiated a recursive response within the academy whereby the "logic" of open access – free, public access to scholarly research papers enabled by the internet – increasingly demands that the underlying research data is also made openly accessible so that the research can be reproduced and verified.
But it does not stop there. The source code for the software used in the research, as well as the algorithms and lab notes, should be made open, too. At one workshop I attended on tools for open science, we were shown how some researchers are now writing "executable papers", constructed in such a way that open source software can reproduce and verify the results they describe.
Open data by default
In recent years, the ideals of openness are returning to the domain of politics. The G8 Open Data Charter, agreed earlier this year, is a set of principles intended to improve the transparency and responsiveness of governments, increase innovation and improve government efficiency. The movement that brought the political values of openness to science and technology is now having an influence of its own at the highest levels of government.
Openness has always been a political project and has advocates from across the political spectrum. For some it is about power and accountability, for others it is about innovation and efficiency. If Kelty's analysis is right – and in my experience it is – the recursive "logic" of openness will continue to extend itself to all aspects of public life while the definition of openness will be contested and stretched to ever greater degrees.
This year's Open Knowledge Conference was hosted right next to the International Telecommunication Union and the World Intellectual Property Organisation. It was a logistical coincidence but neatly summed up the way the open movement is growing. We are challenging organisations like these, as well as the UN, to re-think the way in which the "information society" and the "knowledge economy" achieves some of the ideals of openness that were established in the post-war climate but have yet to be fulfilled.
South Africans with jobs fear that automation could make them redundant. Shutterstock
South Africans are upbeat about new technologies, but worried about jobs
For now, it's going to be trickier for the University of California community to access some academic journals. Michelle/Flickr
University of California's showdown with the biggest academic publisher aims to change scholarly publishing for good
DisobeyAr/Shutterstock
Revolt on the horizon? How young people really feel about digital technology
rblfmr / Shutterstock.com
Overpriced tech IPOs sell grand visions but aren't worth their valuations


text:
News Release: Inc. Magazine Unveils Its Annual List of America's Fastest-Growing Private Companies — the Inc. 5000
The Avoca Group has been chosen to be on the Inc. 5000 list for the 4th time
NEW YORK, August 12, 2020 – Inc. magazine today revealed that The Avoca Group has been placed on its annual Inc. 5000 list, the most prestigious ranking of the nation's fastest-growing private companies. The list represents a unique look at the most successful companies within the American economy's most dynamic segment—its independent small businesses. Intuit, Zappos, Under Armour, Microsoft, Patagonia, and many other well-known names gained their first national exposure as honorees on the Inc. 5000.
"We are absolutely thrilled to have been chosen by Inc. for the 4th time. This honor recognizes our rapid growth, innovative work, leadership, and corporate culture," said Patty Leuchten, Founder and CEO of The Avoca Group.
Not only have the companies on the 2020 Inc. 5000 been very competitive within their markets, but the list as a whole shows staggering growth compared with prior lists as well. The 2020 Inc. 5000 achieved an incredible three-year average growth of over 500 percent, and a median rate of 165 percent. The Inc. 5000's aggregate revenue was $209 billion in 2019, accounting for over 1 million jobs over the past three years.
Complete results of the Inc. 5000, including company profiles and an interactive database that can be sorted by industry, region, and other criteria, can be found at www.inc.com/inc5000. The top 500 companies are also being featured in the September issue of Inc., available on newsstands August 18.
"The companies on this year's Inc. 5000 come from nearly every realm of business," says Inc. editor-in-chief Scott Omelianuk. "From health and software to media and hospitality, the 2020 list proves that no matter the sector, incredible growth is based on the foundations of tenacity and opportunism."
The annual Inc. 5000 event honoring the companies on the list will be held virtually from October 23 to 27, 2020. As always, speakers will include some of the greatest innovators and business leaders of our generation.
The Avoca Group is an integrated research and consulting firm providing survey research, consulting services, and training in the areas of clinical trial outsourcing, strategic alliances, and quality management. Sponsors of clinical research and clinical research organizations have benefited from quantitative and qualitative perception data gathered by The Avoca Group from sites about their reciprocal working relationships. The company's focus is to help solve complex clinical trial challenges and to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical trial execution. Founded in 1999, the company works exclusively in the health care industry and has a focus on clinical research and clinical outsourcing. Learn more about The Avoca Group at www.theavocagroup.com and on LinkedIn and Twitter.
CONTACT: Christine Albano, MBA
Christine.Albano@theavocagroup.com
The 2020 Inc. 5000 is ranked according to percentage revenue growth when comparing 2016 and 2019. To qualify, companies must have been founded and generating revenue by March 31, 2016. They had to be U.S.-based, privately held, for profit, and independent—not subsidiaries or divisions of other companies—as of December 31, 2019. (Since then, a number of companies on the list have gone public or been acquired.) The minimum revenue required for 2016 is $100,000; the minimum for 2019 is $2 million. As always, Inc. reserves the right to decline applicants for subjective reasons. Companies on the Inc. 500 are featured in Inc.'s September issue. They represent the top tier of the Inc. 5000, which can be found at http://www.inc.com/inc5000.
About Inc. Media
The world's most trusted business-media brand, Inc. offers entrepreneurs the knowledge, tools, connections, and community to build great companies. Its award-winning multiplatform content reaches more than 50 million people each month across a variety of channels including websites, newsletters, social media, podcasts, and print. Its prestigious Inc. 5000 list, produced every year since 1982, analyzes company data to recognize the fastest-growing privately held businesses in the United States. The global recognition that comes with inclusion in the 5000 gives the founders of the best businesses an opportunity to engage with an exclusive community of their peers, and the credibility that helps them drive sales and recruit talent. The associated Inc. 5000 Conference is part of a highly acclaimed portfolio of bespoke events produced by Inc. For more information, visit www.inc.com.
For more information on the Inc. 5000 Conference, visit http://conference.inc.com/.


text:
John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute
John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, KT, FRS (10 August 1793 – 18 March 1848), styled Lord Mount Stuart between 1794 and 1814, was a wealthy aristocrat and industrialist in Georgian and early Victorian Britain. He developed the coal and iron industries across South Wales and built the Cardiff Docks.
The Marquess of Bute
(1793-08-10)10 August 1793
18 March 1848(1848-03-18) (aged 54)
Kirtling
2nd Marquess of Bute
Construction of Cardiff Docks
Mount Stuart House
Lady Maria North
Lady Sophia Rawdon-Hastings
John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute
John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart and Lady Elizabeth McDouall-Crichton
Bute's father, John, Lord Mount Stuart, died a few months after he was born and as a young child he was brought up first by his mother, the former Lady Elizabeth McDougall-Crichton, and later by his paternal grandfather, John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute. He travelled widely across Europe before attending Cambridge University. He contracted an eye condition and remained partially sighted for the rest of his life. Having inherited large estates across Britain, he married his first wife, Lady Maria North, in 1818, and together they lived a relatively secluded life in Mount Stuart House in Scotland, one of Bute's four seats. Bute was dour but industrious, with a flair for land management. He focused his daily routine around extensive correspondence with his estate managers, making biennial tours of his lands around the country. The couple did not conceive any children, and Maria died in 1841. Bute remarried four years later, to Lady Sophia Rawdon-Hastings, and she gave birth to Bute's only child, John, in 1847.
Bute was a member of the House of Lords and controlled the votes of several members of the House of Commons. He was a political and religious conservative, a follower of the Duke of Wellington, but rarely took part in national debates unless his own commercial interests were involved. Early on, Bute realised the vast wealth that lay in the South Wales coalfields and set about commercially exploiting them through local ironmasters and colliers. He constructed the Cardiff Docks, a major project which, despite running heavily over budget, enabled further exports of iron and coal and magnified the value of his lands in Glamorganshire. When violence broke out in the Merthyr Rising of 1831, Bute led the government response from Cardiff Castle, despatching military forces, deploying spies and keeping Whitehall informed throughout. The contemporary press praised the marquess as "the creator of modern Cardiff", and on his death he left vast wealth to his son.
Background and personal life
Bute was the son of John, Lord Mount Stuart, and the former Lady Elizabeth McDouall-Crichton.[1] His parents were both from wealthy, aristocratic backgrounds; his father was due to become the Marquess of Bute, with extensive landholdings in Scotland and in South Wales, and his mother was the sole heir to the Crichton estates, with over 63,980 acres (25,890 ha) of land in Scotland.[1] Bute's father died in a riding accident in February 1794, leaving Elizabeth to give birth to Bute's younger brother, Patrick Stuart, later that year.[2]
Initially Bute was brought up at Dumfries House by his mother and grandmother, but following their deaths he passed into the care of his grandfather, the 1st Marquess of Bute, and travelled with him across England and Europe.[3] His family considered him to be clever and he went to study at Christ's College in Cambridge in 1809.[3] Over the next few years he visited the Mediterranean, Scandinavia and Russia, taking a keen interest in land economics.[3] He developed an eye condition during this period and became partially blind, leaving him unable to travel without assistance or to tolerate bright lights, and finding it difficult to read or write.[4]
His maternal grandfather, Lord Dumfries, died in 1803, followed by his paternal grandfather in 1814, with Bute inheriting both sets of estates and adding Crichton to his surname after Lord Dumfries.[3] As a consequence he held many hereditary titles and posts: in addition to being the Marquess of Bute, he was also the Earl of Windsor, Viscount Mountjoy, Baron Mount Stuart, Baron Cardiff, the Earl of Dumfries and Bute, the Viscount of Ayr and Kingarth, Baron Crichton, Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Cumnock, and Lord Mount Stuart Cumra and Inchmarnock, and a Baronet of Nova Scotia.[5] He was the Keeper of Rothsay Castle, the Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Glamorgan, the Lord Lieutenant, the hereditary Sheriff and Coroner of Buteshire, and the High Steward of Banbury.[6]
Bute had four major seats, Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute, Dumfries House in Ayrshire, Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire, and Cardiff Castle in South Wales, with his London townhouse on Campden Hill in Kensington.[5] Bute preferred to live in Mount Stuart House; he disliked London and only spent a few weeks in Cardiff Castle each year.[7] Twice each year he would travel from Mount Stuart House through Ayrshire to Edinburgh, down through northern England to London, and on to Cardiff and his South Wales estates.[8] In November 1843, a fire swept through Luton Hoo House, destroying the interior; the house's historic library survived, however, and most of its famous collection of paintings were rescued from the blaze; it was subsequently sold off by Bute.[9]
Concerned about his growing blindness, and not enjoying the social life in London, Bute retired to his estates on the Isle of Bute for the next six years.[10] While recovering, Bute married his first wife, Lady Maria North, in 1818. Maria was one of the three daughters of the 3rd Earl of Guilford, and a wealthy heiress.[10] £40,000 was settled on her at the time of her marriage and she was due to inherit a third of her father's extensive estates.[10][nb 1] Contemporaries considered Maria a kind and pleasant woman, but she was often unwell and the marriage proved childless.[12] In 1820 his portrait was painted by Henry Raeburn, and published two years later as an engraving by William Ward.[13] In 1827 his father-in-law died and Maria inherited lands worth over £110,000.[10][nb 2]
The historian John Davies describes Bute as "dour, remote and overbearing on first acquaintance" but with a "sense of responsibility, considerable imagination and an enormous capacity for hard work".[2] By the aristocratic standards of the day, Bute lived a reclusive lifestyle. As a result of his personality and poor eyesight, he did not enjoy hunting, shooting, or large social gatherings, nor did he like racehorses or gambling.[14] His first wife's illnesses added to this sense of exclusion from wider aristocratic society.[14] Compared to other landowners of the period, Bute was relatively philanthropic, giving away around seven to eight percent of his rental income from South Wales in charitable donations, for example.[15] He was keen to fund local schools and to construct new churches, partially because in doing so he was able to discourage any moves towards Nonconformism and the disestablishment of the official Church.[16]
In 1841 Lady Maria died, and Bute blamed his excessive focus on the dock programme for exacerbating his wife's illness.[17] As a result of the original marriage agreement, Bute continued to draw the incomes from his late wife's property for the remainder of his life, even though officially the estates would ultimately pass to Maria's sister, Lady Susan, on his own death.[12] He was created a Knight of the Thistle in 1843 by Queen Victoria.[18] In 1845 Bute fell from his horse and injured his eyes further in the accident, making it still harder for him to read and write.[4] Bute remarried the same year, this time to Lady Sophia Rawdon-Hastings, the daughter of the Marquess of Hastings.[19] Sophia was obsessive, hard to please and did not get on well with John's family, especially his brother.[19] She soon became pregnant, but gave birth to a stillborn child; the couple's second child, whom they named John, was successfully born in 1847.[19]
Bute's relationship with his brother Patrick was often difficult. Their political views did not coincide, as Patrick was much more liberal than Bute and favoured political reform. Although Bute arranged for Patrick to become a Member of Parliament in 1818, in 1831 their differing views resulted in Bute removing him from Parliament.[20] For many years, Patrick had good reason to expect that Bute would die childless, leaving him to inherit the family estates; after Bute's death, he disputed the occupancy of Cardiff Castle with Lady Sophia.[21]
Landowner and industrialist
Bute was determined to develop his different estates and receive the best possible return from them.[22] He was an active, ambitious manager, quick to generate new ideas for the properties, and spent the majority of his time managing his properties .[23] Despite his poor eyesight, he wrote at least six letters to his managers each day.[24] He had a detailed understanding of his various estates and businesses; he attempted to keep up with affairs in Glamorgan, for example, by reading the local Welsh newspapers from his house in Scotland and through exchanging letters with influential local figures.[25] Bute recognised that his land holdings were too extended and disparate to be easily managed and attempted to rationalise them. He attempted to sell his Luton estates in the early 1820s but failed to obtain an adequate price; he successfully sold them in the early 1840s.[26] Luton and Luton Hoo was finally sold in 1845, by then comprising around 3,600 acres (1,500 ha).[27]
Unusually for an aristocrat of the period, Bute owned almost all of his lands fully, as an owner in fee simple, rather than having his rights diluted through arrangements with trustees.[28] When he married in 1818, Bute placed his English and Wales estates into a trustee arrangement for any future children, but this agreement expired with Lady Maria's death in 1842; when he remarried in 1845 a similar trustee agreement was set up, although in this version the Glamorgan estates were administered separately from his other holdings in England and Wales.[28] Bute continued to run his network of estates and estate managers personally, helped by Onesipherus Bruce, a barrister-agent and close friend.[29]
As early as 1815, Bute had his Glamorgan estates fully surveyed, which highlighted that the estates had been neglected for many years and were now in a poor condition.[30] Edward Richards became the senior official in charge of the estates by 1824 and represented Bute on both estate and political affairs across the region.[31] Despite this, Bute retained the final authority over even quite minor issues on the estates, including making decisions on the buttons to be used on local school uniforms or the reuse of a broken flag pole, for example, which could result in considerable delays as letters were sent between South Wales and Scotland.[32] As the complexity of the Glamorgan estates grew, more officials were appointed to help manage the docks, farms and mineral interests, but these all reported separately to Bute, putting increasing pressure on the marquess.[33]
On the Isle of Bute, the marquess expanded his properties, purchasing land in Ascog, Kilmahalmag and Etterick Mill.[34]
Glamorganshire
Bute was closely involved in the developments across Glamorganshire during the first half of the 19th century. The region saw tremendous economic and social changes in a short period. The population almost trebled in the first forty years of the century and industrial outputs soared, with the output of pig iron increasing from 34,000 to 277,000 tons between 1796 and 1830.[35] Industry and mining replaced agriculture as the main sources of work.[36] In driving forward and responding to these changes, Bute transformed his South Wales estate into a major industrial enterprise.[37]
Bute's land holdings in Glamorgan were spread out across the county and he took steps to consolidate them, selling around 1,800 acres (730 ha) of some of the outlying properties in the west and investing heavily in buying 4,600 acres (1,900 ha) of land around Cardiff between 1814 and 1826.[38] The rising prices of land and the costs of the docks brought an end to this expansion.[39] Estimating the profitability of the Glamorgan estates is challenging because of the way that the accounts were drawn up during the period, but estimates suggest that once land purchases and the dock building cost were factored in, the estates cost the marquess much more than they delivered in income.[40] Bute borrowed heavily; he had inherited debts of £62,500, but by the time of his death owed £493,887.[41][nb 3] Financing and supporting this debt was difficult, particularly during the early 1840s, when credit was hard to come by, and John was forced to juggle lenders and different lines of credit.[42] He believed that ultimately his investments would provide a rich return, and in 1844 noted that he thought "well of the prospects of my income in the distance".[43]
The economic growth across South Wales drove up the demand for new housing for the growing workforce.[44] Bute was not prepared to sell any of his lands for housing, and did not see much profit in building and renting housing himself, but was prepared to lease land in the growing urban areas and mining communities for land development.[45] Initially, he attempted to negotiate 63 year long leases, which would have given his successors additional, early flexibility in how they managed the land, but these proved unpopular so he reverted to offering the more typical 99-year leases.[46] None of the contracts offered by Bute allowed the lessee to buy the freehold or automatically renew the lease at the end of this term, which ultimately resulted in substantial political difficulties for the third and fourth marquesses when there was a storm of complaints in the late 19th and early 20th century.[47] Bute left the style of the early developments up to the lessees, but was concerned by the poor results.[48] Bute then began to approve the designs for new buildings personally, laying out some grand streets in the centre of Cardiff and retaining open areas for eventual use as parks.[49] Very little money was invested in the sewage and drainage systems for his new developments, however, and a damning 1850 inquiry showed that this had resulted in cholera outbreaks across the town.[50]
At the start of the 19th century, scientific investigation began to indicate that the Glamorgan valleys were rich with coal deposits.[51] Bute, who already owned coal mines in County Durham, commissioned further surveys in 1817 and 1823–24 which showed that there were potentially huge profits to be made from the reserves, both from the coal sitting beneath Bute's own lands, but also from the coal under common lands in the region that Bute could claim through his feudal titles.[52] Bute set about consolidating his rights and existing investments during the late 1820s and 1830s, acquiring extensive rights to the coalfields in the process.[53] Bute established and managed a few colleries – such as that at Rhigos – directly, but given the investment costs and attention they took up, generally preferred to lease out his coal fields and claim a royalty on the coal mined instead.[54] The lessees might be iron-masters, who used the coal in their own operations, or colliery owners who sold the coal on to industrial or domestic customers.[55] The profits increased from £872 in the second half of 1826, to £10,756 in 1848–49.[56][nb 4]
Cardiff Docks
Main article: Cardiff Docks
Between 1822 and 1848 Bute played a central role in the creation of the Cardiff Docks. The idea was first put forward to Bute by one of his staff in 1822, who suggested that, with the right investment, Cardiff could be transformed into a major port for exporting coal and iron.[21] The existing seaport, used by the Glamorganshire Canal, was small and inefficient. The new port would then deliver a direct return to Bute from shipping rates, improve the value of his lands in Cardiff itself and increase the value of the royalties he could charge on his coal fields.[21] Initially Bute opposed plans for docks put forward by the local ironmasters, but then changed his mind and pushed forward with his own scheme shortly afterward.[57]
The first phase was to build a new dock and connecting canal in Cardiff, making the Glamorganshire Canal redundant in the process, at an estimated cost of £66,600, considered to opponents to be a "wild speculation".[58] Parliamentary permission was acquired in 1830, despite opposition from the local canal companies of iron masters.[59] The project proved more complex than originally planned, driving Bute to become irritable and angry with almost all of his associates, but the dock opened successfully in 1839.[60] The costs of building the docks had been far more than anticipated, however. Instead of the original estimate, construction costs had soared to £350,000, reaching £10,000 a month in 1837.[61][nb 5] Bute had to mortgage his local estates to raise the sums required to finish the project.[62] To make matters worse, when they first opened the docks did not receive the traffic he had expected, particularly from the larger ships; Bute put this down to a coalition of ironmasters and others intent on ruining him.[63]
Bute responded by putting commercial pressure on shipping companies to abandon the Glamorganshire Canal and using his feudal rights to force shippers to move their wharfs to his docks.[64] His efforts paid off and although trade through the docks only came to 8,000 tons in 1839, they then rose quickly, reaching 827,000 tons by 1849.[65] Between 1841 and 1848 the docks brought in a gross income of just under £68,000, a relatively disappointing figure compared to the size of the investment.[66][nb 6] Successive marquesses would find themselves under huge pressure to continue investing and expanding in the docks and subsequent phases of construction over the coming decades.[67]
Bute was born into the pre-Reform system of government in Britain. The British Parliament was divided into the hereditary House of Lords and the elected House of Commons, but voting systems varied widely across England and in many cases only very small numbers of local people were enfranchised to vote.[68] Some members of the House of Lords, termed "patrons", often controlled these "closed" or "nominated" seats in the Commons, effectively appointing their own candidates.[69] Criticism of the system, led by the Whigs, grew during the first half of Bute's life.[68]
Bute was a member of the House of Lords, able to vote on national affairs, but he had a reputation for not attending unless to vote on acts relating to his estates or business interests.[70] When he did vote, it was usually as a moderate conservative, and Bute himself described himself as a follower of the Duke of Wellington, by then a leading Tory politician.[70] John was in favour of Catholic Emancipation, opposed to slavery, the New Poor Law and the Game Laws.[70] Like Wellington, he was in favour of repealing the Corn Laws.[71] He passionately opposed electoral reform, however, and any attempts to disestablish the Church of England or Scotland.[71] Bute had strong views on the necessity of encouraging the poor to work, and was in favour of removing the Irish poor from the mainland back to Ireland.[72] He was a notoriously poor public speaker.[73]
In addition to his personal role in Parliament, Bute sought to control the votes of members of the House of Commons, primarily to ensure the passage of legislation affecting his business interests.[74] Initially, the Isle of Bute had only 21 voters who were dominated by his private estate, but it only returned a Member of Parliament in alternate elections, and his estates in Luton were too limited to allow him to influence the electoral process there.[75] The best remaining option for Bute was to control the voting in Cardiff, but even here he had to choose his candidate carefully and apply careful financial pressure through his control of leases and rents to ensure their election.[76]
In 1832 the Reform Act was passed by Parliament, widening the electorate across the country. The Isle of Bute's electorate rose to 300 and acquired a permanent Member of Parliament, still controlled by Bute.[77] Cardiff saw a short-term drop in its electorate as a result of the act, and Bute benefited from the granting of the vote to many of his richer agricultural tenants.[78] In the aftermath of the reforms, Bute secretly sponsored the creation of the conservative newspaper the Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian, to increase support across the county, and underwrote its losses for many years.[79]
From 1842 to 1846 he acted as Her Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. He was known for his generosity as a host in this role.[34] He was in office during the schism in the Church of Scotland known as "the Disruption", when many many ministers of the Church broke away from the established Church to form the Free Church.[14] Bute took a firm line on the matter: when his head-gardener at Mount Stuart House joined the Free Church, he was immediately sacked, and when the minister at one of Bute's churches in the north of the island attempted to hold a Free Church ceremony there, Bute demanded the keys to the church be returned and had the property closed up.[80]
Re-establishing authority
Bute was determined to control the local government around Cardiff, considering it part of his rights and duties as a major landowner and aristocrat.[36] On inheriting his estates, however, he found himself facing a difficult political situation.[81] The Butes' grip on Glamorganshire had been weakened in the late 18th century, and the management of their political interests had been left for many years in the hands of John Wood, a local solicitor, whose family was embroiled in local politics, with their own set of interests.[82] Glamorgan was also politically split between factions in the west and the east of the county, with most of Bute's estates in the eastern half.[83] Bute's residence in the area, Cardiff Castle, was understaffed and regarded as unsuitable as a residence; consequently, he lacked the easy local patronage that would have come with a major, properly functioning establishment.[84]
There were tensions between Bute and the new industrialists around the region, including ironmasters such as John Guest, the master of the Dowlais Ironworks.[85] Bute was a financial competitor or landlord with many of these men, and keen to drive as good a deal as possible in his negotiations with them.[86] He also had political differences, seeing himself as a benevolent feudal lord in South Wales, and perceiving the local iron-masters as arrogant, power-hungry individuals, abusing their economic power towards communities and workers.[87]
Nonetheless, Bute was able to personally appoint the Constable of Cardiff Castle, and the constable by law acted as the effective mayor of Cardiff, ran the town's council and had wide powers when appointing local officials.[88] He inherited the title of Lord-Lieutenant of the county in 1815, giving him the right to recommend the appointments of new magistrates and various other civic posts; potential candidates for these posts were advised to vote for Bute's representatives at elections.[89] In 1825 he became the colonel in chief of the Royal Glamorgan Militia, and used this authority to instruct the militia to vote for his candidates.[90] Those who publicly voted against Bute faced charitable donations and support being cut off.[91] His later control of the Cardiff Docks also helped to provide patronage and influence voting behaviour.[92]
In 1817, John Wood died in the midst of a financial scandal, and Bute decided to appoint two of his rivals to the posts of Constable and Cardiff's Town Clerk.[93] This would have reaffirmed Bute's power to change the appointments and broken the Wood's family hold on local power, but it provoked a storm of local political wrangling.[94] The Wood family turned on Bute, arguing that he should abandon his claims to control local Welsh affairs from Scotland.[95] Bute replied by trying to crush the Wood family's bank and stacking the town council with his appointees in early 1818.[96] The Woods successfully took legal action, challenging Bute's authority to take these actions, and anti-Bute violence flared that summer, resulting in arrests by Special Constables appointed by Bute.[97] The pro-Bute faction in Cardiff rallied and the Woods were defeated at the Parliamentary elections that year, the results reaffirming Bute's authority over the town council.[98]
Merthyr Rising
Main article: Merthyr Rising
Bute played a role in the event of the Merthyr Rising, a large, armed industrial protest that occurred in Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales in 1831. Political tensions amongst the working classes in Glamorgan had grown during the 1820s: although wages were impressive by contemporary standards during good years, they deteriorated quickly during depressions, plunging many into destitution; sanitation and health standards in the fast-growing industrial communities were appalling, child mortality rates were extremely high.[99] 1831 saw a severe economic depression, with wages falling quickly and food prices rising, and complaints against the local debt courts and their bailiffs were numerous.[100] Nationally, the electoral reform movement was making considerable protests and protests against the Corn Laws—which kept the prices of food high—were growing.[101] In South Wales, several of the major ironmasters were associated with these movements, promoting reform under the Whig administration voted into power between April and June 1831.[101]
By late 1830, and certainly by the spring of 1831, trouble in South Wales looked likely and, probably in response, Bute broke from his normal annual plans and in May travelled south from Scotland to Cardiff Castle.[102] With a reform bill looking likely, tensions grew between the different political factions in Glamorganshire and how the potential new parliamentary seats should be shared out, especially between Bute and his conservative allies, Crawshay and Guest.[103] Radical demonstrations occurred in Merthyr Tydfil, one of the largest industrial communities, in May, and the crowd set light to effigies of conservative politicians.[104] Violence broke out and arrests were made on 10 May; the prisoners were released by the angry crowd and the local authorities effectively lost any control of the town.[105] A general insurrection ensued on 30 May.[106]
Two local magistrates, J. Bruce and Anthony Hill, were stranded in the Castle Inn in Merthyr Tydfil. They swore in around 70 men as special constables, but they were heavily outnumbered by the radical crowds.[107] Bruce wrote an urgent letter to Bute in Cardiff Castle, asking for urgent advice on whether to call in the armed forces, and querying whether the Marquess had readied the Militia for action.[108] Huge crowds marched on the local iron works, stopping production.[109] The messages from Merthyr Tydfil reached Bute that afternoon, who began to assemble the Eastern and Central Yeomanry militia units and transport ready for deployment.[110] Bute paused until the morning, hoping to hear better news, but messengers bought more desperate news from Bruce and Hill, and the Yeomanry were dispatched.[111] Meanwhile, an 80-man unit of the 93rd Foot had arrived in the Castle Inn from Brecon.[112] Bute continued to keep Whitehall informed of the events by letter throughout.[113]
On the morning of 3 May, the 93rd Foot reached the Castle Inn, where the magistrates had been joined by the established figures of the town, deputised as constables, including the High Sheriff and most of the ironmasters.[114] Outside, the radical crowds had grown to an estimated number of between 7,000 and 10,000.[114] Tensions rose alarmingly and the Riot Act was read in English and Welsh.[115] Violence flared, the crowds attempted to seize the soldiers' weapons and the soldiers responded with volleys of musket fire.[116] The town's working classes exploded in anger and set about searching the region for weapons.[117] A messenger escaped the inn to reach Bute in Cardiff, who set about mobilising all the remaining armed forces he had available.[117] Bute also despatched Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Morgan of the Militia into Merthyr to replace the commander of the 93rd Foot who had been badly injured.[118]
The men in the Castle Inn retreated to Penydarren House, who were joined by the initial reinforcements from the Yeomanry, bringing the establishment's numbers to around 300, not all of them were armed and able to fight.[119] They faced increasingly well-armed insurgents and Bute became increasingly concerned about the quality of the opposition facing his men.[120] Bute sent spies into the insurgency, and nearby Cyfarthfa Castle was pressed into service as an observation post.[121] Bute mobilised military pensioners, and used them to start to bring Penydarren House additional weaponry from Cardiff; he was advised to be careful, however, in case the shipments fell into the hands of the insurgency.[122] Morgan's forces were able to prevent the radical crowds from entering either Penydarren or Cyfartha, and Bute arrested potential insurgents in Cardiff.[123]
On 16 May, Morgan was in a position to advance in force into Merthyr, pushing forward and taking advantage of the poor communications between the various elements of the insurgency.[124] The uprising collapsed, and over the next few days the authorities regained control, making arrests and forcing the workers back to business.[125] Government inquiries into the incident began and Bute, among others, provided analysis and reports to Whitehall.[126] In the aftermath, Richard Lewis, one of the radical crowd, was hanged in Cardiff. The execution proved controversial and it is unknown whether Bute, who had by then left to attend Parliament in London, approved of the decision.[127]
Concerns over possible violent outbreaks continued for many years. Chartism became prominent in the region in the late 1830s, again causing Bute considerable worries in 1839 and leading to him encouraging the mobilisation of military forces to deal with the threat.[128] Bute began to advocate the creation of a police force to suppress the problems in the northern valleys, for once allying himself with the local ironmasters to overcome rural opposition to the scheme.[129] In 1841 the scheme was passed by the Glamorgan magistrates, with a chief constable and headquarters established that year.[130]
In 1835 an act of Parliament reformed the local government structure, introducing a new town corporation structure with an elected mayor for the first time.[131] Bute had to work harder to maintain his influence over the new corporation, using the various levers of influence at his disposal. He was successful, and in practice the elected officials and councillors were controlled by Bute and his interests.[132]
Bute died in Cardiff on 18 March 1848, and was buried in Kirtling, alongside Maria, his first wife.[133] His funeral had 31 carriages in attendance and drew large crowds, although his funeral was snubbed by the local ironmasters.[133] The national press gave his death little coverage, but the local Daily Chronicle noted Bute's unusual achievement in building up the industrial base of his South Wales estates, and particularly praised his role in constructing the Cardiff Docks.[134] The Cardiff Docks, whose opening in 1837 had led the press to praise Bute as "the creator of modern Cardiff", continued to transform the city over the rest of the century. They would also form a financial liability to Bute successors, the costs of the continual investment needed to maintain and grow the facilities partially off-setting the huge profits that Bute's son enjoyed from the South Wales coalfields.[135]
A subscription was raised across Glamorgan to pay for a statue to be made of him, which was erected in Cardiff's High Street in 1853, outside the town hall.[133] In 2000 the statue, Cardiff's oldest, was moved to Bute Square, but the location was renamed Callaghan Square in 2002, leading to proposals from local officials that Bute's statue might be better relocated once again, potentially to outside Cardiff Castle.[136]
Measuring comparative 19th and 21st-century incomes, wealth and project costs is not straightforward. Calculations based around the Retail Price Index are not suitable for assessing these categories. This article uses the income index of per-capita GDP to assess comparative income and wealth, and a share of GDP index for project costs. £40,000 in 1818 was the equivalent of around £39 million in 2011.[11]
£110,000 in 1827 was the equivalent of around £125 million in 2011.[11]
£62,500 in 1814 was the equivalent of around £58 million in 2011; £493,887 in 1848 was the equivalent of around £534 million in 2011.[11]
£872 in 1826 was the equivalent of around £1 million in 2011; £10,756 in 1848 was the equivalent of around £12 million in 2011.[11]
£66,000 and £350,000 in 1839 were the equivalent of around £171 million and £907 million in 2011 respectively.[11]
£68,000 in 1848 was the equivalent of around £73 million in 2011.[11]
Davies 1981, p. 12
Davies 1981, pp. 14–15
Lodge 1834, p. 79
Lodge 1834, p. 79; Davis 1855, p. 14
Davies 1981, pp. 15, 90–91
Davies 1981, pp. 17, 45
Davis 1855, p. 22
Lawrence H. Officer and Samuel H. Williamson (2012). "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present". Measuring Worth. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
Greig 1911, p. 40; "John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute". National Portrait Gallery. 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
Davies 1981, p. 252
Davies 1981, p. 4
Davies 1981, pp. 118, 122–123
Davis 1855, p. 12; Urban 1845, p. 92
Davies 1981, pp. 42–43, 48–49
Reid 1864, p. 214
Davies 1981, p. 90; Williams 1988, p. 25
Davies 1981, pp. 190–191
Davies 1981, pp. 200, 202
Davies 1981, pp. 241
Davies 1981, pp. 249–250, 259
Pearce 2004, pp. 26–34
Pearce 2004, p. 27
Brown 1893, pp. 362, 605
Hargest 1977, pp. 70–72
Hargest 1977, p. 77
Williams 1988, pp. 48–49
Williams 1988, p. 95
Davies 1981, pp. 104–105; Williams 1988, p. 95
Williams 1988, p. 117
Williams 1988, pp. 123–124
Williams 1988, pp. 141, 149
Williams 1988, pp. 174–178; Davies 1981, pp. 104–105
Davies 1981, pp. 19, 246
Hazlewood, Richard (8 August 2002). "Bute-y spot call for statue; AM wants to see move for monument". South Wales Echo. Retrieved 15 December 2012. – via Questia Online Library (subscription required)
Brown, Thomas (1893). Annals of the Disruption. Edinburgh, UK: Macniven and Wallace. OCLC 479323.
Davies, John (1981). Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute. Cardiff, UK: University of Wales Press. ISBN 9780708324639.
Davis, Frederick (1855). The History of Luton. Luton, UK: J. Wiseman. OCLC 657158111.
Greig, James (1911). Sir Henry Raeburn, R.A.: His Life and Works, With a Catalogue of his Pictures. London, UK: The Connoisseur. OCLC 421852799.
Hargest, Leighton (1977). "Cardiff's "Spasm of Rebellion" in 1818". Morgannwg. 21: 69–88.
Lodge, Edmund (1834). The Peerage of the British Empire. London, UK: Saunders and Otley. OCLC 656673626.
Pearce, Edward (2004). Reform: the Fight for the 1832 Reform Act. London, UK: Pimlico. ISBN 9780712668446.
Reid, John Eaton (1864). History of the County of Bute, and Families Connected Therewith. Glasgow, UK: T. Murray and Son. OCLC 5622916.
Urban, Sylvanus (January 1845). "Domestic Occurrences". The Gentleman's Magazine. London, UK: John Bowyer Nichols and Sons.
Williams, Gwyn A. (1988). The Mertyhr Rising. Cardiff, UK: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0708310141.
Honorary titles
The Marquess of Bute Lord Lieutenant of Buteshire
Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart
Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan
Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot
Peerage of Great Britain
John Stuart Marquess of Bute
John Crichton-Stuart
Peerage of Scotland
Patrick McDouall Earl of Dumfries
SNAC: w6pk23fq


Meticulously designed without a detail spared, this modern Monomoy compound is an architectural showpiece. The thoughtful implementation of both materials and finishes carried out with the finest craftsmanship featuring custom reveals throughout, creates an aesthetic that will wow the senses. This geothermal equipped property consists of a 7 bedroom main house and a separate three-level structure with a studio, heated garage and gym. This visionary property design allows for a seamless integration of indoor and outdoor space, where the outdoor living is an extension of the house adding significant square footage to the entertaining space. A true entertainer's haven. The outdoor space consists of multiple gathering areas, a heated pool and recessed custom built spa, surrounded by Ipe decking; a large blue stone patio with a custom gas fire-pit and a pool cabana with full sliding glass doors. This property provides the best that summer living has to offer.
First Floor: Open living, dining and kitchen space showcase the sophisticated simplicity this design aesthetic has to offer. Custom European oak floors and cabinets are highlighted by the vast amount of light and glass that surround the first floor. A double sided fireplace allows for both an indoor and outdoor fire, beautifully crafted using antique Italian bricks. The large living and dining area is adjoined by a bar room with a full bar, custom built in seating area, under counter seating and 3 tvs; ideal for the viewing pleasure of sports enthusiasts. The open living floor plan continues with the thoughtful flow of the laundry and mudroom into the kitchen. Additionally the first floor includes a powder room and small office. Both the outdoor sitting and dining areas are accessible via the large sliding doors in the dining room providing for a seamless transition between indoor and outdoor living.
Second Floor: You are immediately captivated by 2nd floor water views when you arrive on the landing and peer out the balcony door which is equipped with outdoor seating to enjoy harbor views. The open and calming aesthetic of the Master bedroom with walk-in closet and custom glass shower and vanities exude a spa-like quality. One en-suite guest bedroom and two additional guest bedrooms that share a hall bath complete the composition of this floor.
Third Floor: An ample landing and fully equipped wet bar with a wine cooler, sink and Subzero refrigerator is the perfect stopping point before making your way up to the widows walk to enjoy the spectacular views of the harbor and town.
Basement: Custom stairs lead you to an open living room concept complete with a glass, walk-in wine cellar. There are three additional guest rooms, including a four bedded custom built bunk room, and one bedroom with private exterior access, which all share a full hall bath.


Mason Durie, Wally Penetito and Keriana Tawhiwhirangi discuss the need for both Māori and non-Māori to share the responsibility of building and maintaining effective relationships for learning. (Extract from 'Te ManaKōrero: Relationships for Learning', 2007).
A regional example of celebration of student learning with their community is the annual Nati awards on the East Coast of the North Island. (Extract from 'Te ManaKōrero: Relationships for Learning', 2007).
The innovative use of ICT can be used to enhance professional development. Pakaraka School has created an environment where everyone is a learner. It uses ICT to capture the weekly lesson of a visiting teacher of Te Reo Māori. (Extract from 'Te ManaKōrero: Strengthening Professional Practice', 2005).
A feature of effective professional learning is critical reflection on practice. At Greymouth High School and Waitara Primary School, teachers are opening up their classrooms to others for peer observation and feedback. (Extract from 'Te ManaKōrero: Strengthening Professional Practice', 2005).
Rotorua Lakes High School and neighbouring Mokoia Intermediate have established a collaborative learning community where they share professional development opportunities. The process of developing better relationships with students began with asking the students what the issues were. (Extract from 'Te ManaKōrero: Strengthening Professional Practice', 2005).


J-PAL hosted the second talk of its lecture series at MIT, D²P²: Data. Decisions. Public Policy. Dr. Rukmini Banerji (CEO of Pratham) discussed her work with the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) and how the massive citizen-led assessment of children's learning has led to a national debate and changed public priorities in India.
Dr. Banerji leads Pratham, one of India's largest education NGOs, and has emerged as a leading international voice on primary and secondary education. Pratham began in 1994 and has reached millions of children and youth through their education and vocational programs. Dr. Banerji spearheaded the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), which has transformed education policy in India and around the world through its innovative model to measure child learning outcomes. She also serves on India's Central Advisory Board of Education. Dr. Banerji was a Rhodes Scholar and completed her PhD at the University of Chicago.