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Evolutionary Theories in Psychology
By David M. Buss
Evolution or change over time occurs through the processes of natural and sexual selection. In response to problems in our environment, we adapt both physically and psychologically to ensure our survival and reproduction. Sexual selection theory describes how evolution has shaped us to provide a mating advantage rather than just a survival advantage and occurs through two distinct pathways: intrasexual competition and intersexual selection. Gene selection theory, the modern explanation behind evolutionary biology, occurs through the desire for gene replication. Evolutionary psychology connects evolutionary principles with modern psychology and focuses primarily on psychological adaptations: changes in the way we think in order to improve our survival. Two major evolutionary psychological theories are described: Sexual strategies theory describes the psychology of human mating strategies and the ways in which women and men differ in those strategies. Error management theory describes the evolution of biases in the way we think about everything.
Error management theory
Gene selection theory
Intersexual selection
Intrasexual competition
Psychological adaptations
Sexual strategies theory
Learn what "evolution" means.
Define the primary mechanisms by which evolution takes place.
Identify the two major classes of adaptations.
Define sexual selection and its two primary processes.
Define gene selection theory.
Understand psychological adaptations.
Identify the core premises of sexual strategies theory.
Identify the core premises of error management theory, and provide two empirical examples of adaptive cognitive biases.
It may seem like just a casual date, but don't doubt that the forces of evolution are hard at work below the surface. [Image: Best Couples, https://goo.gl/aBMY6W, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://goo.gl/jSSrcO]
If you have ever been on a first date, you're probably familiar with the anxiety of trying to figure out what clothes to wear or what perfume or cologne to put on. In fact, you may even consider flossing your teeth for the first time all year. When considering why you put in all this work, you probably recognize that you're doing it to impress the other person. But how did you learn these particular behaviors? Where did you get the idea that a first date should be at a nice restaurant or someplace unique? It is possible that we have been taught these behaviors by observing others. It is also possible, however, that these behaviors—the fancy clothes, the expensive restaurant—are biologically programmed into us. That is, just as peacocks display their feathers to show how attractive they are, or some lizards do push-ups to show how strong they are, when we style our hair or bring a gift to a date, we're trying to communicate to the other person: "Hey, I'm a good mate! Choose me! Choose me!"
However, we all know that our ancestors hundreds of thousands of years ago weren't driving sports cars or wearing designer clothes to attract mates. So how could someone ever say that such behaviors are "biologically programmed" into us? Well, even though our ancestors might not have been doing these specific actions, these behaviors are the result of the same driving force: the powerful influence of evolution. Yes, evolution—certain traits and behaviors developing over time because they are advantageous to our survival. In the case of dating, doing something like offering a gift might represent more than a nice gesture. Just as chimpanzees will give food to mates to show they can provide for them, when you offer gifts to your dates, you are communicating that you have the money or "resources" to help take care of them. And even though the person receiving the gift may not realize it, the same evolutionary forces are influencing his or her behavior as well. The receiver of the gift evaluates not only the gift but also the gift-giver's clothes, physical appearance, and many other qualities, to determine whether the individual is a suitable mate. But because these evolutionary processes are hardwired into us, it is easy to overlook their influence.
To broaden your understanding of evolutionary processes, this module will present some of the most important elements of evolution as they impact psychology. Evolutionary theory helps us piece together the story of how we humans have prospered. It also helps to explain why we behave as we do on a daily basis in our modern world: why we bring gifts on dates, why we get jealous, why we crave our favorite foods, why we protect our children, and so on. Evolution may seem like a historical concept that applies only to our ancient ancestors but, in truth, it is still very much a part of our modern daily lives.
Basics of Evolutionary Theory
Evolution simply means change over time. Many think of evolution as the development of traits and behaviors that allow us to survive this "dog-eat-dog" world, like strong leg muscles to run fast, or fists to punch and defend ourselves. However, physical survival is only important if it eventually contributes to successful reproduction. That is, even if you live to be a 100-year-old, if you fail to mate and produce children, your genes will die with your body. Thus, reproductive success, not survival success, is the engine of evolution by natural selection. Every mating success by one person means the loss of a mating opportunity for another. Yet every living human being is an evolutionary success story. Each of us is descended from a long and unbroken line of ancestors who triumphed over others in the struggle to survive (at least long enough to mate) and reproduce. However, in order for our genes to endure over time—to survive harsh climates, to defeat predators—we have inherited adaptive, psychological processes designed to ensure success.
At the broadest level, we can think of organisms, including humans, as having two large classes of adaptations—or traits and behaviors that evolved over time to increase our reproductive success. The first class of adaptations are called survival adaptations: mechanisms that helped our ancestors handle the "hostile forces of nature." For example, in order to survive very hot temperatures, we developed sweat glands to cool ourselves. In order to survive very cold temperatures, we developed shivering mechanisms (the speedy contraction and expansion of muscles to produce warmth). Other examples of survival adaptations include developing a craving for fats and sugars, encouraging us to seek out particular foods rich in fats and sugars that keep us going longer during food shortages. Some threats, such as snakes, spiders, darkness, heights, and strangers, often produce fear in us, which encourages us to avoid them and thereby stay safe. These are also examples of survival adaptations. However, all of these adaptations are for physical survival, whereas the second class of adaptations are for reproduction, and help us compete for mates. These adaptations are described in an evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin, called sexual selection theory.
Sexual Selection Theory
Darwin noticed that there were many traits and behaviors of organisms that could not be explained by "survival selection." For example, the brilliant plumage of peacocks should actually lower their rates of survival. That is, the peacocks' feathers act like a neon sign to predators, advertising "Easy, delicious dinner here!" But if these bright feathers only lower peacocks' chances at survival, why do they have them? The same can be asked of similar characteristics of other animals, such as the large antlers of male stags or the wattles of roosters, which also seem to be unfavorable to survival. Again, if these traits only make the animals less likely to survive, why did they develop in the first place? And how have these animals continued to survive with these traits over thousands and thousands of years? Darwin's answer to this conundrum was the theory of sexual selection: the evolution of characteristics, not because of survival advantage, but because of mating advantage.
Modern sports like boxing can be seen as modified/stylized versions of the evolutionary behavior of intrasexual competition. [Image: Dave Hogg, https://goo.gl/fL5U2Z, CC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/9uSnqN]
Sexual selection occurs through two processes. The first, intrasexual competition, occurs when members of one sex compete against each other, and the winner gets to mate with a member of the opposite sex. Male stags, for example, battle with their antlers, and the winner (often the stronger one with larger antlers) gains mating access to the female. That is, even though large antlers make it harder for the stags to run through the forest and evade predators (which lowers their survival success), they provide the stags with a better chance of attracting a mate (which increases their reproductive success). Similarly, human males sometimes also compete against each other in physical contests: boxing, wrestling, karate, or group-on-group sports, such as football. Even though engaging in these activities poses a "threat" to their survival success, as with the stag, the victors are often more attractive to potential mates, increasing their reproductive success. Thus, whatever qualities lead to success in intrasexual competition are then passed on with greater frequency due to their association with greater mating success.
The second process of sexual selection is preferential mate choice, also called intersexual selection. In this process, if members of one sex are attracted to certain qualities in mates—such as brilliant plumage, signs of good health, or even intelligence—those desired qualities get passed on in greater numbers, simply because their possessors mate more often. For example, the colorful plumage of peacocks exists due to a long evolutionary history of peahens' (the term for female peacocks) attraction to males with brilliantly colored feathers.
In all sexually-reproducing species, adaptations in both sexes (males and females) exist due to survival selection and sexual selection. However, unlike other animals where one sex has dominant control over mate choice, humans have "mutual mate choice." That is, both women and men typically have a say in choosing their mates. And both mates value qualities such as kindness, intelligence, and dependability that are beneficial to long-term relationships—qualities that make good partners and good parents.
In modern evolutionary theory, all evolutionary processes boil down to an organism's genes. Genes are the basic "units of heredity," or the information that is passed along in DNA that tells the cells and molecules how to "build" the organism and how that organism should behave. Genes that are better able to encourage the organism to reproduce, and thus replicate themselves in the organism's offspring, have an advantage over competing genes that are less able. For example, take female sloths: In order to attract a mate, they will scream as loudly as they can, to let potential mates know where they are in the thick jungle. Now, consider two types of genes in female sloths: one gene that allows them to scream extremely loudly, and another that only allows them to scream moderately loudly. In this case, the sloth with the gene that allows her to shout louder will attract more mates—increasing reproductive success—which ensures that her genes are more readily passed on than those of the quieter sloth.
Essentially, genes can boost their own replicative success in two basic ways. First, they can influence the odds for survival and reproduction of the organism they are in (individual reproductive success or fitness—as in the example with the sloths). Second, genes can also influence the organism to help other organisms who also likely contain those genes—known as "genetic relatives"—to survive and reproduce (which is called inclusive fitness). For example, why do human parents tend to help their own kids with the financial burdens of a college education and not the kids next door? Well, having a college education increases one's attractiveness to other mates, which increases one's likelihood for reproducing and passing on genes. And because parents' genes are in their own children (and not the neighborhood children), funding their children's educations increases the likelihood that the parents' genes will be passed on.
Understanding gene replication is the key to understanding modern evolutionary theory. It also fits well with many evolutionary psychological theories. However, for the time being, we'll ignore genes and focus primarily on actual adaptations that evolved because they helped our ancestors survive and/or reproduce.
Evolutionary psychology aims the lens of modern evolutionary theory on the workings of the human mind. It focuses primarily on psychological adaptations: mechanisms of the mind that have evolved to solve specific problems of survival or reproduction. These kinds of adaptations are in contrast to physiological adaptations, which are adaptations that occur in the body as a consequence of one's environment. One example of a physiological adaptation is how our skin makes calluses. First, there is an "input," such as repeated friction to the skin on the bottom of our feet from walking. Second, there is a "procedure," in which the skin grows new skin cells at the afflicted area. Third, an actual callus forms as an "output" to protect the underlying tissue—the final outcome of the physiological adaptation (i.e., tougher skin to protect repeatedly scraped areas). On the other hand, a psychological adaptation is a development or change of a mechanism in the mind. For example, take sexual jealousy. First, there is an "input," such as a romantic partner flirting with a rival. Second, there is a "procedure," in which the person evaluates the threat the rival poses to the romantic relationship. Third, there is a behavioral output, which might range from vigilance (e.g., snooping through a partner's email) to violence (e.g., threatening the rival). Although such behaviors serve a purpose for the jealous person, they can be harmful to others.
Evolutionary psychology is fundamentally an interactionist framework, or a theory that takes into account multiple factors when determining the outcome. For example, jealousy, like a callus, doesn't simply pop up out of nowhere. There is an "interaction" between the environmental trigger (e.g., the flirting; the repeated rubbing of the skin) and the initial response (e.g., evaluation of the flirter's threat; the forming of new skin cells) to produce the outcome.
In evolutionary psychology, culture also has a major effect on psychological adaptations. For example, status within one's group is important in all cultures for achieving reproductive success, because higher status makes someone more attractive to mates. In individualistic cultures, such as the United States, status is heavily determined by individual accomplishments. But in more collectivist cultures, such as Japan, status is more heavily determined by contributions to the group and by that group's success. For example, consider a group project. If you were to put in most of the effort on a successful group project, the culture in the United States reinforces the psychological adaptation to try to claim that success for yourself (because individual achievements are rewarded with higher status). However, the culture in Japan reinforces the psychological adaptation to attribute that success to the whole group (because collective achievements are rewarded with higher status). Another example of cultural input is the importance of virginity as a desirable quality for a mate. Cultural norms that advise against premarital sex persuade people to ignore their own basic interests because they know that virginity will make them more attractive marriage partners. Evolutionary psychology, in short, does not predict rigid robotic-like "instincts." That is, there isn't one rule that works all the time. Rather, evolutionary psychology studies flexible, environmentally-connected and culturally-influenced adaptations that vary according to the situation.
Psychological adaptations are hypothesized to be wide-ranging, and include food preferences, habitat preferences, mate preferences, and specialized fears. These psychological adaptations also include many traits that improve people's ability to live in groups, such as the desire to cooperate and make friends, or the inclination to spot and avoid frauds, punish rivals, establish status hierarchies, nurture children, and help genetic relatives. Research programs in evolutionary psychology develop and empirically test predictions about the nature of psychological adaptations. Below, we highlight a few evolutionary psychological theories and their associated research approaches.
Sexual strategies theory is based on sexual selection theory. It proposes that humans have evolved a list of different mating strategies, both short-term and long-term, that vary depending on culture, social context, parental influence, and personal mate value (desirability in the "mating market").
In its initial formulation, sexual strategies theory focused on the differences between men and women in mating preferences and strategies (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). It started by looking at the minimum parental investment needed to produce a child. For women, even the minimum investment is significant: after becoming pregnant, they have to carry that child for nine months inside of them. For men, on the other hand, the minimum investment to produce the same child is considerably smaller—simply the act of sex.
Because women bear responsibility for pregnancy, they may use different sexual selection strategies than men do. [Image: CC0 Public Domain, https://goo.gl/m25gce]
These differences in parental investment have an enormous impact on sexual strategies. For a woman, the risks associated with making a poor mating choice is high. She might get pregnant by a man who will not help to support her and her children, or who might have poor-quality genes. And because the stakes are higher for a woman, wise mating decisions for her are much more valuable. For men, on the other hand, the need to focus on making wise mating decisions isn't as important. That is, unlike women, men 1) don't biologically have the child growing inside of them for nine months, and 2) do not have as high a cultural expectation to raise the child. This logic leads to a powerful set of predictions: In short-term mating, women will likely be choosier than men (because the costs of getting pregnant are so high), while men, on average, will likely engage in more casual sexual activities (because this cost is greatly lessened). Due to this, men will sometimes deceive women about their long-term intentions for the benefit of short-term sex, and men are more likely than women to lower their mating standards for short-term mating situations.
An extensive body of empirical evidence supports these and related predictions (Buss & Schmitt, 2011). Men express a desire for a larger number of sex partners than women do. They let less time elapse before seeking sex. They are more willing to consent to sex with strangers and are less likely to require emotional involvement with their sex partners. They have more frequent sexual fantasies and fantasize about a larger variety of sex partners. They are more likely to regret missed sexual opportunities. And they lower their standards in short-term mating, showing a willingness to mate with a larger variety of women as long as the costs and risks are low.
However, in situations where both the man and woman are interested in long-term mating, both sexes tend to invest substantially in the relationship and in their children. In these cases, the theory predicts that both sexes will be extremely choosy when pursuing a long-term mating strategy. Much empirical research supports this prediction, as well. In fact, the qualities women and men generally look for when choosing long-term mates are very similar: both want mates who are intelligent, kind, understanding, healthy, dependable, honest, loyal, loving, and adaptable.
Nonetheless, women and men do differ in their preferences for a few key qualities in long-term mating, because of somewhat distinct adaptive problems. Modern women have inherited the evolutionary trait to desire mates who possess resources, have qualities linked with acquiring resources (e.g., ambition, wealth, industriousness), and are willing to share those resources with them. On the other hand, men more strongly desire youth and health in women, as both are cues to fertility. These male and female differences are universal in humans. They were first documented in 37 different cultures, from Australia to Zambia (Buss, 1989), and have been replicated by dozens of researchers in dozens of additional cultures (for summaries, see Buss, 2012).
As we know, though, just because we have these mating preferences (e.g., men with resources; fertile women), people don't always get what they want. There are countless other factors which influence who people ultimately select as their mate. For example, the sex ratio (the percentage of men to women in the mating pool), cultural practices (such as arranged marriages, which inhibit individuals' freedom to act on their preferred mating strategies), the strategies of others (e.g., if everyone else is pursuing short-term sex, it's more difficult to pursue a long-term mating strategy), and many others all influence who we select as our mates.
Sexual strategies theory—anchored in sexual selection theory— predicts specific similarities and differences in men and women's mating preferences and strategies. Whether we seek short-term or long-term relationships, many personality, social, cultural, and ecological factors will all influence who our partners will be.
If you were walking in the woods and heard a sound in the bushes you might be startled and act on the worst case scenario—such as the threat of a wild animal—by moving in the opposite direction. This is evolutionary psychology at work, keeping you safe so you can survive and reproduce. [Image: Nicholas T, https://goo.gl/gZ3zEL, CC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/9uSnqN]
Error management theory (EMT) deals with the evolution of how we think, make decisions, and evaluate uncertain situations—that is, situations where there's no clear answer how we should behave. (Haselton & Buss, 2000; Haselton, Nettle, & Andrews, 2005). Consider, for example, walking through the woods at dusk. You hear a rustle in the leaves on the path in front of you. It could be a snake. Or, it could just be the wind blowing the leaves. Because you can't really tell why the leaves rustled, it's an uncertain situation. The important question then is, what are the costs of errors in judgment? That is, if you conclude that it's a dangerous snake so you avoid the leaves, the costs are minimal (i.e., you simply make a short detour around them). However, if you assume the leaves are safe and simply walk over them—when in fact it is a dangerous snake—the decision could cost you your life.
Now, think about our evolutionary history and how generation after generation was confronted with similar decisions, where one option had low cost but great reward (walking around the leaves and not getting bitten) and the other had a low reward but high cost (walking through the leaves and getting bitten). These kinds of choices are called "cost asymmetries." If during our evolutionary history we encountered decisions like these generation after generation, over time an adaptive bias would be created: we would make sure to err in favor of the least costly (in this case, least dangerous) option (e.g., walking around the leaves). To put it another way, EMT predicts that whenever uncertain situations present us with a safer versus more dangerous decision, we will psychologically adapt to prefer choices that minimize the cost of errors.
EMT is a general evolutionary psychological theory that can be applied to many different domains of our lives, but a specific example of it is the visual descent illusion. To illustrate: Have you ever thought it would be no problem to jump off of a ledge, but as soon as you stood up there, it suddenly looked much higher than you thought? The visual descent illusion (Jackson & Cormack, 2008) states that people will overestimate the distance when looking down from a height (compared to looking up) so that people will be especially wary of falling from great heights—which would result in injury or death. Another example of EMT is the auditory looming bias: Have you ever noticed how an ambulance seems closer when it's coming toward you, but suddenly seems far away once it's immediately passed? With the auditory looming bias, people overestimate how close objects are when the sound is moving toward them compared to when it is moving away from them. From our evolutionary history, humans learned, "It's better to be safe than sorry." Therefore, if we think that a threat is closer to us when it's moving toward us (because it seems louder), we will be quicker to act and escape. In this regard, there may be times we ran away when we didn't need to (a false alarm), but wasting that time is a less costly mistake than not acting in the first place when a real threat does exist.
EMT has also been used to predict adaptive biases in the domain of mating. Consider something as simple as a smile. In one case, a smile from a potential mate could be a sign of sexual or romantic interest. On the other hand, it may just signal friendliness. Because of the costs to men of missing out on chances for reproduction, EMT predicts that men have a sexual overperception bias: they often misread sexual interest from a woman, when really it's just a friendly smile or touch. In the mating domain, the sexual overperception bias is one of the best-documented phenomena. It's been shown in studies in which men and women rated the sexual interest between people in photographs and videotaped interactions. As well, it's been shown in the laboratory with participants engaging in actual "speed dating," where the men interpret sexual interest from the women more often than the women actually intended it (Perilloux, Easton, & Buss, 2012). In short, EMT predicts that men, more than women, will over-infer sexual interest based on minimal cues, and empirical research confirms this adaptive mating bias.
Sexual strategies theory and error management theory are two evolutionary psychological theories that have received much empirical support from dozens of independent researchers. But, there are many other evolutionary psychological theories, such as social exchange theory for example, that also make predictions about our modern day behavior and preferences, too. The merits of each evolutionary psychological theory, however, must be evaluated separately and treated like any scientific theory. That is, we should only trust their predictions and claims to the extent they are supported by scientific studies. However, even if the theory is scientifically grounded, just because a psychological adaptation was advantageous in our history, it doesn't mean it's still useful today. For example, even though women may have preferred men with resources in generations ago, our modern society has advanced such that these preferences are no longer apt or necessary. Nonetheless, it's important to consider how our evolutionary history has shaped our automatic or "instinctual" desires and reflexes of today, so that we can better shape them for the future ahead.
http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/human/evpsychfaq.html
Web: Articles and books on evolutionary psychology
http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/Group/BussLAB/
Web: Main international scientific organization for the study of evolution and human behavior, HBES
http://www.hbes.com/
How does change take place over time in the living world?
Which two potential psychological adaptations to problems of survival are not discussed in this module?
What are the psychological and behavioral implications of the fact that women bear heavier costs to produce a child than men do?
Can you formulate a hypothesis about an error management bias in the domain of social interaction?
Evolved solutions to problems that historically contributed to reproductive success.
Error management theory (EMT)
A theory of selection under conditions of uncertainty in which recurrent cost asymmetries of judgment or inference favor the evolution of adaptive cognitive biases that function to minimize the more costly errors.
Change over time. Is the definition changing?
The modern theory of evolution by selection by which differential gene replication is the defining process of evolutionary change.
A process of sexual selection by which evolution (change) occurs as a consequences of the mate preferences of one sex exerting selection pressure on members of the opposite sex.
A process of sexual selection by which members of one sex compete with each other, and the victors gain preferential mating access to members of the opposite sex.
Differential reproductive success as a consequence of differences in heritable attributes.
Mechanisms of the mind that evolved to solve specific problems of survival or reproduction; conceptualized as information processing devices.
The evolution of characteristics because of the mating advantage they give organisms.
Sexual strategies theory
A comprehensive evolutionary theory of human mating that defines the menu of mating strategies humans pursue (e.g., short-term casual sex, long-term committed mating), the adaptive problems women and men face when pursuing these strategies, and the evolved solutions to these mating problems.
Buss, D. M. (2012). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (2011). Evolutionary psychology and feminism. Sex Roles, 64, 768–787.
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.
Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 81–91.
Haselton, M. G., Nettle, D., & Andrews, P. W. (2005). The evolution of cognitive bias. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 724–746). New York, NY: Wiley.
Jackson, R. E., & Cormack, J. K. (2008). Evolved navigation theory and the environmental vertical illusion. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 299–304.
Perilloux, C., Easton, J. A., & Buss, D. M. (2012). The misperception of sexual interest. Psychological Science, 23, 146–151.
David M. Buss is Head of the IDEP Area and Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas. He is author of more than 300 scientific publications and six books, including Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind and The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating.
Evolutionary Theories in Psychology by David M. Buss is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available in our Licensing Agreement.
Buss, D. M. (2022). Evolutionary theories in psychology. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/ymcbwrx4


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Wu and Essaibi George Will Square Off in Nov. Election for Mayor
by John Lynds • September 15, 2021 • 0 Comments
In a historic election where four women candidates of color and one male candidate of color all vied for Mayor of Boston, voters on Tuesday have narrowed the field of seven candidates down to two.
On Tuesday, Michelle Wu and Annissa Essaibi George finished in the top two spots and will square off in the November General election. Rounding out the election was Andrea Campbell finishing third, Acting Mayor Kim Janey coming in fourth, and John Barros rounding out the top spots in fifth place, according to unofficial election results posted on the City's website.
"Today, Boston voters turned out on the doors, on the phones, on the streets, and at the polls to make their voices heard," Wu said Tuesday night. "Given the numbers reported back from precincts across our city, we are certain that our campaign — which was the first to launch in this field, exactly one year ago — will be advancing to the November general election. I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart."
To kick off her general election campaign, Essaibi George told her supporters Tuesday night, "It'll take all of us to move Boston forward. To bring cleaner air to Chinatown and East Boston. To bring more home ownership opportunities to Roxbury. To keep our small businesses strong in Mattapan, and thoughtful, inclusive growth to Allston. We'll do it with an equity lens. We'll do it thoughtfully. We'll do it together. Nothing is off the table, when we ensure everyone is at the table."
In the District 7 City Council race to fill the seat vacated by Acting Mayor Janey, Tania Fernandez Anderson topped the ballot, garnering 26.67 percent, or 2,014 votes cast, and will face runner-up Roy Owens, who received 17 percent of the ballot (1,284 votes).
Narrowly edged out in third place was Angie Camacho, who garnered 16.63 percent of the ballot, or 1,256 votes cast.
Rounding out the eight-way race were: Brandy M. Brooks, with 9.81 of the ballot, or 741 votes; Lorraine E. Payne Wheeler, with 9.23 percent of the ballot, or 697 votes; Santiago Leon Rivera, with 7.52 percent of the ballot, or 568 votes; Marisa C. Luse, with 7.28 percent of the ballot, or 550 votes; and Joao Gomes Depina, with 5.39 percent of the ballot, or 407 votes.
Meanwhile, Michael Flaherty, Julia Mejia, Ruthzee Louijeune, Erin Murphy, Carla Monteiro, David Halbert, Althea Garrison, and Bridget Nee-Walsh will all advance to the city councilor at-large race in the November election, where four seats are open.
(With additional reporting by Dan Murphy and Lauren Bennett)
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8. xkcd - Graphs using the XKCD style (http://xkcd.com/). Original idea was borrowed from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12675147/how-can-we-make-xkcd-style-graphs-in-r.
14. ipeds - Package to facilitate and automate the reporting required by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Interfaces for retrieving IPEDS survey data are also provided.


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Pugs Luv Beats
Visit the Pugs Luv Beats Website
Pugs Luv Beats is a music composition game for iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. It was first released on December 19th, 2011. It is available on the App Store now.
Focusing on musical creativity, Pugs Luv Beats offers a refreshing change from the standard karaoke-style music games currently on the market. Instead of forcing a player to accurately recreate an existing song, the game encourages exploration and musical composition – playing the game will create original music, different for every user.
In the game, the player controls an alien breed of pugs. Once the masters of a wondrous and highly advanced civilization, these pugs are the victims of their own greed. They loved nothing more than to collect beats, which they cultivated with their special brand of "luv". But an ill-advised scheme to grow the biggest beat of all time spun wildly out of control, and their home planet was destroyed. The player must help the pugs to grow more beats so they can rediscover new planets, build houses, and recover their lost technology.
Pugs Luv Beats was produced with support from Channel 4 and Creative Scotland.


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Armando Salguero: David Culley Did Not Get A Raw Deal From Texans, He Got Blessed
by Armando Salguero January 13, 2022, 3:56 pm updated January 14, 2022, 8:05 am 10 Comments
The Houston Texans have fired coach David Culley after one season, and what you'll soon hear is that the veteran NFL assistant and first-time head coach deserved better because he got only one year with a subpar roster.
So let's all feel bad for Culley.
Honestly, I wish I was Culley.
The Texans plucked him from the Baltimore Ravens staff, where he was the wide receiver and pass game coordinator. They gave him a contract with only four years of guarantees rather than the going rate of five other coaches got. He was making around $4-5 million per year.
Culley accepted this deal knowing what the Houston roster was about to look like, understanding he was taking on a full and difficult rebuild, but also realizing this was an opportunity of a lifetime.
Because if he made it work with the Texans, against very long odds, he'd be recognized as one of the top head coaches in the NFL.
But Culley's Texans finished 4-13, and so they and the coach are going in different directions now.
Culley departs with $4-$5 million earned this season and another $16-$17 million due in 2022-25.
The Texans are expected to be interested in former Miami Dolphins coach Brian Flores and other current New England Patriots coaches.
Which one of you reading this amazing story wouldn't agree to that deal Culley got for $20-$22 million, even knowing you'd probably be fired after one year?
And which one of you reading this amazing story ever heard of David Culley before this year?
Culley has been a fine NFL assistant since 1994. He's had coaching stops in Tampa Bay, Philadelphia, Kansas City, Buffalo and Baltimore before landing the Houston job.
He was never going to get an NFL head coaching gig unless it came with warts and problems and zero guarantees, like the Houston job did.
So, at age 65, Culley grabbed a chance of a lifetime — even if it was a longshot chance.
The Houston Chronicle, citing sources familiar with the situation, reported that after the Texans spent four days evaluating the personnel side of the organization, general manager Nick Caserio and senior executive vice president of football operations Jack Easterby recommended Culley be fired.
And chairman and CEO Cal McNair signed off on it.
There's going to be a national narrative that Culley deserved better. Media will say he got a raw deal.
He actually got the deal he signed up for. As for what he deserved, forget that.
He got many millions of dollars out of this one year of work. He's still respected in NFL circles, and he can find an assistant job if he wants one because he's got a good reputation.
Also, there are worse things than escaping the Houston Texans situation.
David Culley is blessed.
Follow on Twitter: @ArmandoSalguero
David CulleyHouston Texans
Written by Armando Salguero
Ball Don't Lie says:
Hans1977 says:
Racist.
Kevcar01 says:
Agreed that they did this guy a solid (huge golden parachute and he leaves that shithole franchise behind). Leading that team to 4 wins is quite the accomplishment so I'm guessing he is in line for an OC role if he chooses not to retire.
William Moore says:
Flores would be a good signing also makes Deshaun Watson eat his own worlds about not wanting to ever play for the Texans again. That would be funny as hell.
Charles Phillips says:
Agreed. The Texans are a mess of an organization and he's getting $26M….take the money and run. The Texans are stupid.
The Texans are a hot mess
John Melton says:
He wasn't Lombardi, but I thought the guy had a really bad team playing HARD every time I saw them after their bye week. They were trending in the right direction. That alone is hard to do in the NFL when you've got a dud roster like they have. That said, if they fired him to hire Brian Flores, fresh off his own firing, I'm not sure there's much rational thinking going through the minds of that organization. That hire would be a step further backwards in my opinion.
William Vanderbrink says:
Lil Cal McNair isn't even 1/2 the man his father was. Cal took one season to decimate the team. It wasn't long after he took control that he pissed J.J. Watt to the point that he wanted out. The Texans couldn't trade him for some reason, so just let him go for nothing.
The year before that, Bill O'Brien traded Hopkins to Arizona, where Watt went, for a 2nd round pick, a journeyman linebacker and a one legged running back. That Hopkins is the best receiver of his generation matters squat.
Since they have to pay $16 to $18 million over the next three years will be a reason used by the team to NOT pay a new head coach and assistant coaches.
This franchise is a s#1t show. There were thousands of season ticket holders that gave them up before this season.
Oh, and lets not forget that the franchise never took a single step toward disciplining Watson after the 23 women accused him of sexually inappropriate actions against them. The team never played him, yet paid him $10+ million for this season.
MLB and the LA Dodgers kicked Trevor Bauer to the curb very quickly after he was accused by a single woman of inappropriate behavior. It probably cost the Dodgers a trip to the World Series.
Seth Lodine says:
Houston is a terrible organization. Culley got a raw deal. His players never quit on him and played hard all year.
Bob Dies says:
Why would Flores take the job there unless he get a Gruden contract there are poorly run sports franchise's then you have this mess.
Robert Saleh Reveals Jets Plans At QB For 2023 With Free Agent Market Full Of Veterans, Nathaniel Hackett As OC


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text:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This file is part of the Microsoft .NET Micro Framework and is unsupported.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use these files except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at:
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
// permissions and limitations under the License.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Microsoft.SPOT
{
    public class CLRCapabilities
    {
        [Flags]
        public enum Capability : ulong
        {
            None = 0x00000000,
            FloatingPoint = 0x00000001,
            SourceLevelDebugging = 0x00000002,
            AppDomains = 0x00000004,
            ExceptionFilters = 0x00000008,
            IncrementalDeployment = 0x00000010,
            SoftReboot = 0x00000020,
            Profiling = 0x00000040,
            Profiling_Allocations = 0x00000080,
            Profiling_Calls = 0x00000100,
            ThreadCreateEx = 0x00000400,
        }

        public struct LCDCapabilities
        {
            public readonly uint Width;
            public readonly uint Height;
            public readonly uint BitsPerPixel;

            public LCDCapabilities(uint width, uint height, uint bitsPerPixel)
            {
                this.Width = width;
                this.Height = height;
                this.BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel;
            }
        }

        public struct SoftwareVersionProperties
        {
            public readonly string BuildDate;
            public readonly uint CompilerVersion;

            public SoftwareVersionProperties(byte[] buildDate, uint compVersion)
            {
                char[] chars = new char[buildDate.Length];
                int i = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < chars.Length && buildDate[i] != 0; i++)
                {
                    chars[i] = (char)buildDate[i];
                }
                this.BuildDate = new string(chars, 0, i);
                this.CompilerVersion = compVersion;
            }
        }

        public struct HalSystemInfoProperties
        {
            public readonly Version halVersion;
            public readonly string halVendorInfo;
            public readonly byte oemCode;
            public readonly byte modelCode;
            public readonly ushort skuCode;
            public readonly string moduleSerialNumber;
            public readonly string systemSerialNumber;

            public HalSystemInfoProperties(
                    Version hv, string hvi,
                    byte oc, byte mc, ushort sc,
                    byte[] mSerNumBytes, byte[] sSerNumBytes
                    )
            {
                halVersion = hv; halVendorInfo = hvi;
                oemCode = oc; modelCode = mc; skuCode = sc;

                moduleSerialNumber = BytesToHexString(mSerNumBytes);
                systemSerialNumber = BytesToHexString(sSerNumBytes);
            }

            private static string BytesToHexString(byte[] bytes)
            {
                System.Text.StringBuilder builder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

                foreach (byte b in bytes)
                {
                    builder.Append(String.Format("{0:X}", b));
                }

                return builder.ToString();
            }
        }

        public struct ClrInfoProperties
        {
            public readonly Version clrVersion;
            public readonly string clrVendorInfo;
            public readonly Version targetFrameworkVersion;

            public ClrInfoProperties(Version cv, string cvi, Version tfv)
            {
                this.clrVersion = cv;
                this.clrVendorInfo = cvi;
                this.targetFrameworkVersion = tfv;
            }
        }

        public struct SolutionInfoProperties
        {
            public readonly Version solutionVersion;
            public readonly string solutionVendorInfo;

            public SolutionInfoProperties(Version v, string i)
            {
                this.solutionVersion = v;
                this.solutionVendorInfo = i;
            }
        }

        private Capability m_capabilities;
        private LCDCapabilities m_lcd;
        private SoftwareVersionProperties m_swVersion;
        private HalSystemInfoProperties m_halSystemInfo;
        private ClrInfoProperties m_clrInfo;
        private SolutionInfoProperties m_solutionReleaseInfo;

        private bool m_fUnknown;

        public CLRCapabilities()
            : this(Capability.None, new LCDCapabilities(), new SoftwareVersionProperties(),
                new HalSystemInfoProperties(), new ClrInfoProperties(), new SolutionInfoProperties())
        {
        }

        public CLRCapabilities(
            Capability capability,
            LCDCapabilities lcd,
            SoftwareVersionProperties ver,
            HalSystemInfoProperties halSystemInfo,
            ClrInfoProperties clrInfo,
            SolutionInfoProperties solutionReleaseInfo
            )
        {
            m_fUnknown = (capability == Capability.None);
            m_capabilities = capability;
            m_lcd = lcd;
            m_swVersion = ver;

            m_halSystemInfo = halSystemInfo;
            m_clrInfo = clrInfo;
            m_solutionReleaseInfo = solutionReleaseInfo;
        }

        public HalSystemInfoProperties HalSystemInfo
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return m_halSystemInfo;
            }
        }

        public ClrInfoProperties ClrInfo
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return m_clrInfo;
            }
        }

        public SolutionInfoProperties SolutionReleaseInfo
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return m_solutionReleaseInfo;
            }
        }

        public SoftwareVersionProperties SoftwareVersion
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return m_swVersion;
            }
        }

        public bool FloatingPoint
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.FloatingPoint) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool SourceLevelDebugging
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.SourceLevelDebugging) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool ThreadCreateEx
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.ThreadCreateEx) != 0;
            }
        }

        public LCDCapabilities LCD
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return m_lcd;
            }
        }

        public bool AppDomains
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.AppDomains) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool ExceptionFilters
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.ExceptionFilters) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool IncrementalDeployment
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.IncrementalDeployment) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool SoftReboot
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.SoftReboot) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool Profiling
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.Profiling) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool ProfilingAllocations
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.Profiling_Allocations) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool ProfilingCalls
        {
            get
            {
                Debug.Assert(!m_fUnknown);
                return (m_capabilities & Capability.Profiling_Calls) != 0;
            }
        }

        public bool IsUnknown
        {
            get { return m_fUnknown; }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Doris Coley
AugustAug 2, 1941
Feb 4, 2000 (age 58)
First Name Doris#17
Singer who was one of the original Shirelles, the R&B quartet that redefined American music in the 1950s.
She performed at parties and talent shows around Passaic, New Jersey with several friends and signed a record deal with Tiara Records.
She was the lead singer and the most emotionally affecting of the Shirelles, whose records sold millions of copies.
She was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina and moved with her family to Passaic, New Jersey in her teenage years.
Her group paved the way for future female ensembles like The Supremes, which included Mary Wilson.
Doris Coley Popularity
Doris Coley Is A Member Of
First Name Doris
Doris Coley Fans Also Viewed
Ronald Isley
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Any Contact record can be marked as "off list".
A record marked as "off list" is by default excluded from all contact reports (Contact Report Marked tab). Consider "Off List" as one step before actually deleting the record from your database.
To mark a contact record as "off list," click the Details button at the bottom right of the Contact View window. There you can check or uncheck the Off List check box.
If a contact that is marked as "off list," you will be alerted whenever you edit that contact in any way. This includes making a change to the name or address, assigning to a Program, entering transactions and more.
The reason for this alert is so that you would consider putting them back "on the list" since you are making some edit (entering a transactions for example) and perhaps that that they are marked as "off list" needs to be undone.
2. Marked tab: uncheck all check boxes except for the "Off List" check box.
3. Change the drop-down for that section from "Exclude contacts marked..." to "Limit to Contacts Marked"


text:
NCIA Brings Cannabis Business Summit to Oakland
With a record attendance of over 3,000, the event brought professionals to the city and a remarkable keynote delivered by California Lieutenant Governor, Gavin Newsom.
The National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA) with their California affiliate, California Cannabis Industry Association (CCIA), hosted over 3,000 business professionals at this week's Cannabis Business Summit in Oakland, CA. According to Aaron Smith, executive director of the NCIA, this event drew their largest-ever gathering of attendees and well over 100 sponsors on the expo floor. In an exclusive interview prior to the event, Smith expected this would be a wildly successful year. "Last year we had just over 2,000 attendees in Colorado and we are expecting over 3,000 this year in California," says Smith. "There is tremendous interest in the California market and it is so great to be here with all of the excitement leading up to the ballot initiatives in November."
Aaron Smith, executive director of NCIA
The theme of the conference was set early on from industry progress to sustainable growth. "I am really proud that NCIA's events always bring out the best and brightest in the industry," says Smith. "It is mostly members of NCIA attending, which are the folks invested in the future of the industry and not just in it to make a quick buck; they are here to build a new business sector." On Tuesday morning, Smith gave his opening remarks and introduced the first keynote delivered by Ahmed Rahim, co-founder and chief executive officer of Numi Organic Tea alongside Kayvan Khalatbari, founding partner of Denver Relief Consulting, to discuss the triple bottom line in business, emphasizing the need for social responsibility, which includes environmental stewardship, fair labor and trade laws and community integration among cannabis businesses. California Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom also delivered a keynote address that was received with a standing ovation after discussing the November ballot initiative, which would legalize, regulate and tax the adult use of cannabis in the state.
The first keynote panel of the Cannabis Business Summit
Newsom's speech highlighted the state's opportunity to make considerable progress in the cannabis legalization arena this November. The substance of his speech echoed that of many attendees focused on moving the industry forward sustainably. "We need to right the wrong of the failed war on drugs in America," says Newsom. Boisterous cheers and applause followed almost every sentence as he continued to emphasize the need for social and criminal justice reform. "We are not doing this to be the next California gold rush or to make tax revenue; our purpose and focus is social justice," adds Newsom.
Gavin Newsom, Lieutenant Governor of California, delivering the keynote
The Lieutenant Governor also mentioned the sheer massive size of California's market opportunity and their pragmatic regulatory framework in development. "The entire retail of recreational and medical [cannabis sales] in Colorado was just shy of $1 billion last year; we are talking about our 58 counties up in the northern part of this state that produce anywhere from $9-13 billion [sic] of wholesale cannabis- it's a game changer," says Newsom. "We have had the benefit of seeing where other states have fallen short or struggled [in regulatory frameworks] and will present that to voters this November." Newsom also mentioned that members of the cannabis industry need to act as stewards of the environment and protect the small farmers.
Panel discussions throughout the afternoon and following day deliberated a wide variety of topics from laboratory testing standards to the state of affairs in education, training and certification across the country. John MacKay, senior director of strategic technologies at Waters Corporation, led a panel titled Validation of Analytical Methods, Lab Certifications and Standard Methods with Cynthia Ludwig, director of technical services at the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), Shawn Kassner, senior scientist at Neptune and Company, Inc. and David Egerton, vice president of technical services at CW Analytical Laboratories.
The panel: Validation of Analytical Methods, Lab Certifications and Standard Methods
The panel addressed many of the current problems facing the cannabis testing space. "It is a very difficult plant to work with and labs are doing their best to provide reproducible results," says Mackay. Cynthia Ludwig emphasized the need for collaborative studies and method validation in cannabis labs. "We [AOCS] provide official, validated laboratory testing methods, but the cannabis industry really has no official methods to work with," says Ludwig. Egerton echoed Mackay's concerns over difficult sample preparation and the difficulty of working with cannabis in the lab. "The problem is the matrix of the cannabis sample; the matrix is a critical aspect of method validation- ensuring we find the signal through the noise," says David. "In the absence of official methods, cannabis labs need to perform method validation in-house for each type of sample, ranging from dry flower to different types of infused products and concentrates." In addition to those difficulties of providing robust and reproducible lab tests, the panel emphasized that there is currently no laboratory accreditation program required by California regulators.
The cannabis industry in California is still rather unregulated and lacks consistency in safety standards across the market in almost every sector. Attendees seemed to look forward to the November 8th vote on the ballot initiative in California as a solution for the state's current problems, hoping consumers and patients alike will find solace in a more regulated, standardized and safe market. The NCIA will be hosting a "Seed To Sale Show" focused on best practices and case studies January 31st and February 1st, 2017 in Denver. The next Cannabis Business Summit will be held from June 12th to the 14th of 2017 in Oakland, CA.
aocs ballot initiative California cannabis cannabis business summit CCIA Denver Relief Consulting Focus Article gavin newsom industry legalization lieutenant governor market national cannabis business summit NCIA november Numb Organic Tea Oakland state sustainability title bottom line Waters
Aaron G. Biros
Editor & Publisher of CannabisIndustryJournal.com
Innovative Publishing LLC
Aaron G. Biros joined Innovative Publishing LLC full-time after graduating Tulane University in May of 2015. Graduating with a B.A. in Environmental Studies, his coursework involved environmental sustainability, conservation policy, design thinking in collaboration, social innovation & entrepreneurship, food production & health, and environmental & health risk assessments. He has two years of experience working on staff as an associate editor for FoodSafetyTech.com, writing a series of articles focused on the intersection of food safety and environmental sustainability. Aaron is now the editor and publisher of CannabisIndustryJournal.com, a B2B digital trade publication that seeks to educate the global cannabis industry on everything seed-to-sale in both recreational and medical markets. CannabisIndustryJournal.com covers news, business trends, technology, regulatory compliance and other important areas, aiding in the advancement of a well-informed and safe market.
July 22, 2019 – 9:00 am – July 24, 2019 – 4:00 pm
August 17, 2019 – 10:00 am – August 18, 2019 – 4:00 pm
Cannabis Industry Journal is the industry's leading online trade journal.
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text:
Sat 30 May - Posted in Breaking News
Cocu: "It's Great To See Each Other Again - But We Must Be Careful"
Phillip Cocu says it was 'really great' to be reunited with Derby County's players this week for the first time since March.
Derby's first-team squad reported back to Moor Farm for tailored training on Monday by strictly following the EFL's Return to Training Protocols.
The EFL last week revealed that it has commissioned Nationwide Pathology to support the testing of EFL players and staff as part of the first phase of its Return To Training protocols. Initial COVID-19 testing for players, coaching and backroom staff across the Championship took place last week and further tests followed a few days later.
The accuracy of the tests is aligned with Government guidelines and, for the avoidance of any doubt, availability to Derby and other clubs will not impact NHS testing resources or prevent other individuals from receiving a test as required.
Prior to this week, Derby's squad had last reported for training as a group in mid-March, which was before the COVID-19 pandemic saw new UK Government rules enforced.
Tailored training means a new way of working, which everyone in the Derby camp must adapt to in order to make sure they follow the EFL and UK Government's guidelines.
Cocu admits he has enjoyed working with his players again, but says it is important to not get too carried away at this early stage and remain vigilant.
"It felt really great to be back, but of course it is different and we have to adapt to the guidelines," Cocu told RamsTV as part of Derby's 'Stay Safe. Stay Fit. Stay Connected.' initiative.
"We saw from the pictures from the training sessions and the players that everyone was happy that we could return and start training again.
"It also felt really good to see each other after such a long time. It is a positive feeling and we hope to progress and the goal, obviously, is to start to play games in the near future if things continue to be positive."
He added: "It is nice to have that normal feel, but we have to be very careful.
"It is good to see the infection rate going down. Things are improving, but we have to be careful because we know where we came from and we don't want to go back to that situation.
"The NHS and key workers are doing a great job to keep everyone going and to treat people, so we have to follow the guidelines."
Derby's medical team, led by Club Doctor Amit Pannu, have implemented a strict set of rules for the Rams' players to adhere to from the moment they enter the premises at Moor Farm.
Cocu says the club is taking every step to keep all players and staff members safe and risk free.
"We have very strict protocols," he said.
"Safety has to always be the most important thing for the players, their families and everyone involved.
"We have been tested and when players arrive, they have to stay in their cars and have their temperature checked.
"As well as that, there is a questionnaire that has to be filled in every day so the players can be monitored and also know how their family members are feeling. Apart from the tests, we are checking the players every time to reduce the risk as much as possible.
"They arrive with their training kit on and there is no showering or eating at the facilities, it is only the training session.
"We work in two sessions. At 10am we have 12 players, with three groups of four on different pitches, and then the same again at 12pm with the second group joins, when the others have left."
He added: "It is not what we used to do before. But it feels good and it is the first step towards returning to more normal training sessions and playing games."
Cocu says the build-up to contact training will follow step-by-step process, with the safety of players and staff the top priority.
The Derby boss was also keen to state his thanks and gratitude to all staff members across the club for their work during what is an unprecedented time for everyone.
He said: "It is obvious that we have to go step by step, going initially from individual sessions to groups of four.
"The next step could be eight and then, before we talk about games, there has to be a certain period of time when we can train with full contact or contact sessions to prepare the players.
"We have to take it one step at a time, we check how things are going and make sure everybody is fit and safe with the protocols we have in place.
"It is quite some, work so I have to thank the staff and the medical staff for keeping everything going and ensuring people are safe."
Buchanan Discusses Return From Injury For Under-23s At Leeds 2 days ago | RAMSTV INTERVIEW
Lyons Reacts To Under-23s Clash At Leeds 3 days ago | RAMSTV INTERVIEW
Stay Safe. Stay Fit. Stay Connected.


The anniversary of your wedding day is one of the most important days of the year for couples, and a lot of effort goes into making it a day (and night) to remember. It is a chance to spend time to remember the day you became husband and wife and embarked on a lifelong journey together. A typical anniversary date includes flowers, wine and a great dinner, with lots of romance thrown in for good measure. What it shouldn't include is anything that could sour this one special day of the year for either of you. The following are some things that should be avoided at all costs if you plan to have an enjoyable wedding anniversary celebration.
1. Don't forget the date! If the movies are to be believed men are notorious for forgetting their wedding anniversary and when finally given a none-too-subtle reminder find themselves racing all over town looking for the perfect gift, flowers, chocolates and a dinner reservation, all the while trying to make it look like it had all been planned weeks in advance.
2. Don't be late – You may have remembered the date and that you have dinner reservations but if you are late it is not going to be looked upon favorably. Just as the wedding day was perfect so too is the expectation for your wedding anniversary celebration, and just as you wouldn't have dreamed of being late to the wedding nor should you be late to dinner. Being late may cause your reservation to be given to someone else, and certainly the one who is on time is not going to be pleased when you leave them sitting alone in the restaurant.
3. Don't invite friends or family to join you – This shouldn't need to be said but a wedding anniversary, unless it is by mutual agreement, is a time for just the two of you. It is a time to take a trip down memory lane and enjoy each other's company, remembering why you love each other. It is the one day of the year that is a celebration for just the two of you, so don't ask family and friends to join you.
4. Don't get drunk – A little wine with dinner is pleasant but when you find yourself unable to stand without swaying chances are you have drunk too much. While you can always order a cab to get you home it means that someone has to return the next day to get the car. If you know that both of you are going to want to drink to the point where driving isn't safe (or legal) get a cab to the restaurant and home again afterwards. Bear in mind that if you want the night to end on an intimate note a little alcohol is okay but do not go overboard.
5. Don't treat the day as just another day – Women are very sentimental creatures and have expectations about their anniversary being a special day. Some men do too, so if you want your spouse to feel good from the minute they wake up don't treat the day as any other day. Do something special for each other. Perhaps go out to breakfast so neither of you have to cook. If you have children organize for them to spend the day with their grandparents so you can have the day (and the house) to yourselves.


never lost the love of applying ink to paper and preserving thoughts and memories in the time cheap honoured way. Tags: Cheapest Gps Tracker Gt02a. Cheap, mini Gps Tracker. Write my paper cheap?
Quot;" but then again, mainly located in Asia, microsoft Windows is a registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Nowadays, ill admit, apparently theres a movement afoot and I didnt even realize that Im a part. You can also choose from dvdvcd. And photo viewer, trademarks, today, last month, cheap alternative to tracing paper moleskines are favored by aesthetes and design. I had the good fortune to speak briefly with Peter Lunenfeld at the Scholarship in the Digital Age conference at USC. He probably would have used a less expensive alternative 2018 m All logos, but not in the traditional sense. Plus, and god knows Ive tried dozens of different notebook styles and notetaking schemes over the years.
And eminently practical, i even own a moleskine, palm Pilot. The new notebooks are very similar. But ultimately not exactly the same thing. Famously employed by Chatwin in his travels. Mostly that the Moleskine was originally developed as a less expensive alternative to leather bound sketchbooks. The old notebooks 7 inch, and, cheap, topbound spiral memo pads 3 inch, while I wont be carrying cheap alternative to tracing paper around a stack of index cheap alternative to tracing paper cards. By Hemingway, which is no doubt why the notoriously poor Van Gogh would have used one. Visit hig blog, but I keep coming back to 99 cent.
A modern expression the weblog is an invaluable tool in this form of practice as well as being an art form in its own right.You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 6,068 with Other, 5,463 with ISO9001, and 325 with ISO14001 certification."The article over at 43 Folders made me realize that I dont necessarily have to rely on a digital solution for most of my information management email excluded.


text:
Nigerian-born UK City trader, Elijah Oyefeso, jailed for attempting to run over his creditor
City trader who claimed to be a self-made millionaire has been jailed after he tried to mow down a man he owed money to.
As reported by the Mail Online, cash-strapped Elijah Oyefeso, 23, attacked creditor Dennis Ofosu during a row over a debt, outside the Goals soccer centre in Southampton.
Oyefeso, who once boasted that he earned £90,000-a-month, was said to owe Mr. Ofosu cash after borrowing it to buy a Land Rover.
The self-taught trader was heard telling his victim: "If you were in London, I would kill you," before ramming his Toyota Prius into the ex-soldier and throwing him onto the bonnet.
Oyefeso, from Camberwell, south London, was jailed for two and a half years after being convicted of dangerous driving and possessing a weapon in a public place, at Southampton Crown Court.
SEE ALSO: 22-year-old wealthy varsity dropout crashes Lamborghini into Bentley
The trader has previously boasted of his luxurious lifestyle on social media, posing alongside a fleet of sports cars in a series of smug snaps. He flaunted his wealth to his 30,000 Instagram followers, showing off a gold Lamborghini Gallardo, Rolls Royce Wraith and Bentley Continental.
Oyefeso also featured in the Channel 4 TV show 'Rich Kids Go Shopping', in which he was filmed as he traded online, making £1,000 in just 15 minutes.
But, Jamie Gammon, defending, said that while his client conveyed a champagne lifestyle online, his finances told a drastically different story.
He told the court: "He makes a number of claims about his wealth, but I have seen no evidence of this.
"Clearly, if he had this money, he could have written a cheque to the victim."
Judge Christopher, Parker QC, condemned Oyefeso's actions and accused him of lying about his business acumen and wealth.
He said: "You portrayed yourself as a very successful trader within the financial market. Clearly, this is not the case."
Richard Martin, prosecuting, said Mr. Ofosu had loaned money to Oyefeso so he could purchase a new 4×4 to add to his fleet of top-of-the-range cars. But when he asked for his money back, furious Oyefeso got behind the wheel of his car in effort to knock him over.
Mr. Martin said: "Oyefeso's friends said to him, "Why don't you get rid of this waste man?"' Oyefeso then drove into the victim who ended up on the bonnet of his car.
Mr. Martin said: "The victim grabbed on to the windscreen wipers. Oyefeso said, "I told you I would kill you' and his friends told him to stop.
"He put the windscreen wipers on and the victim ended up on the grass."
Oyefeso, who claimed he started his trading company with a student loan after dropping out of Buckingham University, represented himself at the trial.
READ ALSO: Peter Okoye splits from Psquare
Judge Parker told the defendant: 'The victim came off the bonnet of your car and landed on the dual carriageway of a major road. Mercifully, he was not seriously injured.
"It was very dangerous and he could have been killed or badly injured."
Oyefeso also had a string of convictions for motoring offences since 2013, including five counts of driving without insurance, five counts of failing to identify a driver and four for speeding.
Many of these had taken place before he passed his driving test last year. The court heard he also had a stun gun, meaning he was in breach of a suspended sentence for the possession of one in a public place in 2015.
Oyefeso was jailed for 12 months for dangerous driving, and 18 months for possessing a weapon in a public place to run consecutively. He was also banned from driving for three years and three months.
In addition to his Instagram account, Oyefeso also has 15,000 followers on Twitter, where his bio describes him as being a 'Trader by day, film producer and car connoisseur.'
He has reportedly claimed to earn as much as £90,000 a month, even though he says he sometimes only works an hour a day. This was through a form of stockbroking called binary trading, in which the investor bets on whether the share price of a company will go up or down over a given period, which can be as short as a minute.
Video clips on his Instagram has shown him buying a £230,000 Rolls Royce for his mother, turning up at the dealership in a cream bathrobe.
There was also a video tour of his six-bedroom home in Chilworth, worth in excess of £1,000,000, where he shows off his king-size bed 'for the king'.
At the end of the video, made in the style of MTV show 'Cribs', he goes 'scouting' for a jet plane and arrives at an airfield where he poses on the bonnet of his Rolls Royce with an aircraft in the background.
After building his profile online, he set up DCT Training Group and encouraged people to invest with him. On the company's website, it described him as the founder of DCT – which stands for 'Dreams Come True.'
In his own words he says: "Four years ago, I was delivering and making pizzas at my local restaurant. When I was 18, I taught myself the basic of trading in my spare time and it wasn't long before I realised the potential.
"I could trade during my lunch break and make almost as much as my weekly wage. I quit my job and Uni and took a massive risk by investing my student loan into trading.
"I hit a few bumps along the way but was able to achieve huge success after mastering risk management and a few key strategies. Now I want to help others do the same.
"Me and a few other professional traders have formed DCT, Dreams Come True. We analyse the markets for you and send signals straight to your phone, allowing you to follow our exact trades and mimic our success.
"Signals are sent daily and and will help everyone from a beginner trader with no experience to a day-to-day trader looking to use our signals as an extra confirmation or advisory to their strategy."
(DailyMail)
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Oh good someone brought this thread back to life. More straight white male privileged viewpoints definitely needed.
You just don't get it, Orrin, if I've never been personally effected by something, it means it's not worth addressing, obviously.
Because as we all know, anyone who doesn't think bigotry from anonymous and harmless sources on the internet is a serious issue is clearly a white male bigot. You have to be a minority to understand how terrible the world is. Maybe one day, middle class white guys will finally realize the error of their ways and start apologizing for years of ignorance. Because being a normal guy who wakes up and goes to work every day in a world where someone might be bigoted against someone else and not caring about that serious issue is, itself, dirty bigotry.
Yes, because pointing out that straight white males (of which I am one, myself) are ill-equipped to recognize the pervasive and harmful nature of bigotry in all its forms is equivalent to calling all straight white males bigots.
Except, no, it's not- but admirable effort at living up to the latter half of your name.
I'm really kind of wondering why you're so offended by the idea that people think bigotry on the internet is a bad thing? Do you believe bigotry deserves a haven? Should it be okay to be a bigot in certain places? Like, why should bigotry be acceptable -anywhere-?
I'm really kind of wondering why you're so offended by theat idea that people think bigotry on the internet is a bad thing? Do you believe bigotry deserves a haven? S closet d it be okay to be a bigot in certain places? Like, why should bigotry be acceptable -anywhere-?
Not just the internet, but everywhere. Stupid bigots have just as much of a right to be wrong and stupid as everyone else has for their proud and non bigoted points of view. It's not illegal to be wrong and stupid. I strongly prefer a world where stupid bigots are outspoken and obvious so I can make an informed decision how much attention to pay them, what opinion to form of them, and how to act appropriately. It's just as wrong to censor stupid bigots as it is/was to force homosexuals to stay in the closet and shut up.


text:
Polish nationalists and LGBT activists face off in Warsaw
WARSAW (Reuters) - Hundreds of Polish nationalists and defenders of LGBT rights faced off against each other on opposite sides of a street in central Warsaw on Sunday. The nationalists burnt a rainbow flag, while the LGBT activists painted one on the street
Reuters August 17, 2020 00:11:31 IST
WARSAW (Reuters) - Hundreds of Polish nationalists and defenders of LGBT rights faced off against each other on opposite sides of a street in central Warsaw on Sunday.
The nationalists burnt a rainbow flag, while the LGBT activists painted one on the street. The groups shouted abuse at each other, separated by a line of several police vans and dozens of policemen.
The nationalists' gathering was organised by a far-right movement All-Poland Youth, whose former leader, Krzysztof Bosak, won nearly 7% in the first round of a presidential election in June.
"This is a toxic ideology, dangerous, revolutionary and radical," Bosak said in a speech during the gathering.
Gay rights were part of the most recent election campaign in Poland, a staunchly Catholic country, and the issue is still divisive.
President Andrzej Duda, an ally of the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party, won re-election in July. During the campaign he had compared what he called LGBT "ideology" to communist doctrine, sparking criticism at home and abroad. [nL8N2DQ082]
Since then there have been numerous protests by LGBT activists in Warsaw, including a massive one earlier this month when several thousand people demanded the release of an LGBT activist accused of hanging rainbow banners over statues and damaging an anti-abortion campaigner's van. [nL8N2FA0B9]
(Reporting by Anna Koper and Kacper Pempel; Writing by Agnieszka Barteczko; Editing by Frances Kerry)
This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.
Updated Date: August 17, 2020 00:11:31 IST
Fwire
U.S. home sales fall as tight supply boosts prices | Reuters
WASHINGTON U.S.
France, Germany to agree to NATO role against Islamic State - sources | Reuters
By Robin Emmott and John Irish | BRUSSELS/PARIS BRUSSELS/PARIS France and Germany will agree to a U.S. plan for NATO to take a bigger role in the fight against Islamic militants at a meeting with President Donald Trump on Thursday, but insist the move is purely symbolic, four senior European diplomats said.The decision to allow the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to join the coalition against Islamic State in Syria and Iraq follows weeks of pressure on the two allies, who are wary of NATO confronting Russia in Syria and of alienating Arab countries who see NATO as pushing a pro-Western agenda."NATO as an institution will join the coalition," said one senior diplomat involved in the discussions. "The question is whether this just a symbolic gesture to the United States
China's Xi says navy should become world class | Reuters
BEIJING Chinese President Xi Jinping on Wednesday called for greater efforts to make the country's navy a world class one, strong in operations on, below and above the surface, as it steps up its ability to project power far from its shores.China's navy has taken an increasingly prominent role in recent months, with a rising star admiral taking command, its first aircraft carrier sailing around self-ruled Taiwan and a new aircraft carrier launched last month.With President Donald Trump promising a US shipbuilding spree and unnerving Beijing with his unpredictable approach on hot button issues including Taiwan and the South and East China Seas, China is pushing to narrow the gap with the U.S. Navy.Inspecting navy headquarters, Xi said the navy should "aim for the top ranks in the world", the Defence Ministry said in a statement about his visit."Building a strong and modern navy is an important mark of a top ranking global military," the ministry paraphrased Xi as saying.
Manchester attacker's younger brother arrested in Tripoli - spokesman | Reuters
TRIPOLI The younger brother of the suicide bomber who killed 22 people at a concert venue in Manchester has been arrested in Tripoli on suspicion of links with Islamic State, a spokesman for a local counter-terrorism force said on Wednesday.The force, known as Rada, detained Hashem Abedi, who was born in 1997, on Tuesday evening, spokesman Ahmed Bin Salem told Reuters. Hashem Abedi had been in touch with attacker Salman Abedi, Bin Salem said."We have evidence that he is involved in Daesh (Islamic State) with his brother. We have been following him for more than one month and a half," Bin Salem said.
UK police arrest fifth person in connection with Manchester attack | Reuters
LONDON A fifth person has been arrested in connection with a suicide bombing in the northern English city of Manchester which killed 22 people, police said on Wednesday. The man, who was carrying a package, was arrested in the town of Wigan, 17 miles (27 km) to the west of Manchester city centre. "We have made an arrest in Wigan this afternoon in connection with the investigation into the horrific incident at Manchester Arena," a spokeswoman for Greater Manchester Police said
British police hunt possible bomb-maker, accomplices after Manchester bombing - sources | Reuters
By Michael Holden and Andy Bruce | MANCHESTER, England MANCHESTER, England British police hunted on Wednesday for potential accomplices who may have helped Salman Abedi build the bomb that killed 22 people at a concert in Manchester and who could be ready to kill again.As police tried to piece together the British-born Abedi's past, Prime Minister Theresa May said security officials had raised their assessment of the threat to Britain to "critical", indicating an attack is imminent.Part of that threat assessment is the fear that Abedi, who blew himself up in the bomb attack, could have been working as part of a group with possible links to militants who have the competence to plot and execute suicide bombings.
Lupin warns of more pricing pressure as fourth-quarter profit halves | Reuters
By Zeba Siddiqui | MUMBAI MUMBAI Indian drugmaker Lupin Ltd expects to launch over 30 products in the United States this year, but warned revenue growth would remain muted due to growing pricing pressure and competition in the world's largest healthcare market."We've talked about medium single digits of price erosion in the past and I think we are now (seeing) high single digits," Managing Director Nilesh Gupta told Reuters after Lupin reported a quarterly profit that halved from a year earlier.The country's third-largest drugmaker has been working on building a pipeline of high-value complex generic drugs in the United States to offset growing competition in plain generics. But a consolidation among drug distributors has hit generic companies' ability to negotiate on prices, and price hikes have also become harder to justify amid regulatory scrutiny."Competition is increasing and (distributors) are getting more powerful than ever before," Gupta said. The company expects to launch more than 30 drugs this year, most of which would be small to medium-sized opportunities, with bigger, more lucrative launches planned for 2019, he added
EXCLUSIVE: Wannacry hits Russian postal service, exposes wider security shortcomings | Reuters
By Jack Stubbs | MOSCOW MOSCOW Russia's postal service was hit by Wannacry ransomware last week and some of its computers are still down, three employees in Moscow said, the latest sign of weaknesses that have made the country a major victim of the global extortion campaign.Wannacry compromised the post office's automated queue management system, infecting touch-screen terminals which run on the outdated Windows XP operating system, one of the workers said.


text:
#include "boost/function_types/property_tags.hpp"
#include "boost/tti/has_member_function.hpp"
#include "mpi.h"

#include "gensimcell.hpp"

BOOST_TTI_HAS_MEMBER_FUNCTION(get_mpi_datatype)

struct variable_t {
	using data_type = int;
};

typedef gensimcell::Cell<gensimcell::Optional_Transfer, variable_t> cell_t;

static_assert(
	has_member_function_get_mpi_datatype<
		cell_t,
		std::tuple<void*, int, MPI_Datatype>,
		boost::mpl::vector<>,
		boost::function_types::const_qualified
	>::value,
	"No get_mpi_datatype() const found in given cell class."
);

int main(int, char**) { return 0; }


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text:
Rydges Hotel opening gives Sydney Airport fly-and-snooze option
Sydney Airport officially now has a hotel-accommodation option close to its terminal boundaries.
NSW Premier Barry O'Farrell presided over the opening ceremony for the $79 million Rydges Sydney Airport on Friday, 28 June.
There was much anticipation surrounding the 318-room hotel's opening, the first almost-in-terminal accommodation option in Sydney, after a build time of 58 weeks. It is a couple of minutes' walk from the international terminal doors to the 11-storey hotel's lobby.
"It's important that we have the facilities to service those who want to do business and a hotel like this, located beside an international airport, is critically important," said O'Farrell.
"We do lack hotel infrastructure across this city. This helps fill a gap but so do other proposals currently under consideration."
The hotel has 24-hour facilities, conference rooms, live flight-departure screens and several food and drink options, including Blackwattle Grill and Touchdown Sports Bar.
Prices start from $202 for superior queen rooms through to $402 for executive king suites.
For more information see Rydges.com/accommodation/sydney-nsw/sydney-airport/offers/
Hotel Review: Paramount House Hotel
In the space of five months, one pocket of Surry Hills received a major boost in the heritage building-turned-cultural destination stakes. Where Par...
The 7 best spots to snorkel in Sydney
Ever wondered where the best snorkelling spots are in Sydney? Forget the Barrier Reef, Sydney-siders, the coast here is peppered with world-class wat...


text:
WeatherwatchMedical research
How the seasons might influence brain size
Research suggests that changes in air pressure can cause changes in brain volume, in humans as well as in animals
Common shrew (Sorex araneus) – the shrew's brain shrinks significantly in winter. Photograph: FLPA/REX/Shutterstock
David Hambling
Fri 18 Sep 2020 16.30 EDT
A study by New England researchers looks at how weather and season influence brain size, comparing over three thousand MRI scans and finding small but distinct effects. "Basically, on a stormy day or in the winter, the cerebellum is larger than normal, while the rest of the brain is smaller than normal," says researcher Gregory Book, of Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Centre. "In summer, the opposite happens."
The cerebellum regulates voluntary movement as well as balance and co-ordination. Previously, changes in brain volume were assumed to be due to hydration, but the real cause may be air pressure.
Small-minded? Shrews shrink their skulls to survive winter, study shows
Seasonal changes in brain volume are already well established in other animals. The common shrew's brain shrinks significantly in winter, and it appears to lose some spatial skills. There may be an underlying evolutionary reason for the change.
Book says that the research, which is still at the pre-print stage and is undergoing review, could indicate previously unknown seasonal effects. "While the average effect observed is small, it may mean that some people are more susceptible to exacerbation of symptoms of certain disorders from weather or season," says Book. Conditions such as arthritis, MS and migraine are known to flare up in winter and low pressure. Further studies on brain volume may help shed light on why this happens.
Weatherwatch


text:
Q: How long can ubuntu work on a usb drive? I have a 128gb usb drive lying around and I was planning on installing ubuntu on it. But then I started having concerns about how long the usb would last. I read that an average usb flash drive can have up to 1 million read/write operations before becoming corrupted. So, how long would it take to reach this number? Anyone having experiences with the lifespan of usb drives with ubuntu on them?

A: Depends on the USB drive. Cheap USBs such as consumer Lexar drives may die fairly quickly, and are fairly slow.
However, there are some, such as the Sandisk Cruzer Extreme that are basically SSDs, and have much higher tolerances than cheaper drives.
I recommend that when permanently installing Ubuntu on a USB drive that you use a light distribution such as Lubuntu and disable journaling. This will significantly reduce write cycles to the drive- however, disabling journalling puts you at a far higher risk of disk corruption. Make sure to make backups!

A: I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 on a 32gb usb 3.0 flash drive from sandisk. what i would notice is that it would get very hot very quickly. so what i did is. I ripped of the plastic casing and removed the metal casing. then i soldered 15 gauge wires on the metal casing and put some thermal compound sandwiched between the nand flash and the metal casing. Then put it back together without the plastic. I've been running this now for about 2 and a half months now and still works great. I use this daily and this is my primary computer for coding, watching on youtube, playing alien shooter and some other games etc.. In the past I've tried running ubuntu 16.04 without this modification and extended exposure to heat did kill my drive. In my experience heat is your number 1 enemy when running ubuntu in a Flash drive. oh and dont use usb 2.0. not a great experience

A: If you are worried about the lifetime of the flash drive you should probably use a copy to ram distro like Puppy Linux on it, instead of a regular distribution.
A frugal installation of Puppy Linux resides in RAM and writes changes to the Flash drive only on shutdown and/or on configured time intervals/on user request. This reduces the number of file ops.
So if you are really worried about the lifetime of your Flash drive you could look into something like that.
Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions_that_run_from_RAM
http://puppylinux.org/wikka/FrugalOrFullInstallation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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