text:
prints & publications by James Dodds
by Ian Collins
THE LIFE AND ART OF JAMES DODDS
Ian Collins charts the voyage James Dodds has made both from the literal to the poetic and from shipwright to painter, printmaker and fine-press publisher. Richly illustrated with pictures spanning more than three decades of inspired endeavour, the biography adds a supporting cast of artists, poets and other nautical characters.It also includes a wider study of "boats the sea has made" – vernacular vessels from the Shetlands to the Scillies and across the Atlantic to New England which punctuate the artist's intriguing story.
'Tide Lines is a book so beautiful to look at you may think you don't need to read the text, but Ian Collin's story of James Dodds's trajectory from boat builder to celebrated artist is fascinating, insightful and elegantly told'.
Esther Freud
James and his father, Andrew Dodds
James up the Solvig's mainmast. c.1974
Invitation card with Fish in a Basket linocut, 1984
James at the Jardine press in Stoke By Nayland, c.1986
IAN COLLINS offers the perspective of a writer steeped in the art of East Anglia. His engaging text is informed by a decade of writing about James in exhibition catalogues and regional books, and also draws on the artist's own biographical notes.
TIDE LINES… marks on the shore left at the tide's highest point, made of whatever flotsam and jetsam, litter and treasure, the sea flings up. The tides' lunar cycle could also be a metaphor for the ebb and flow of the creative process. The line between land and sea is constant and ever changing, and this state of flux and fixture is the place that art inhabits. From the small craft of the shore line James Dodds has created a truly seaworthy art.
Solidarnosc. 1982. Oil on canvas. 72 x 120in (183 x 385cm)
Salthouse Altarpiece (Cromer Crabber) triptych. 2008 Oil on linen. 36 x 108in (92 x 275cm)
Memories of St Monans. 2011. Linocut, edition of 150. 20 x 28in (50 x 70cm)
"Tide Lines is a joy from start to finish and in these miserable days is one of those rare books that make one glad to be alive."
Ken Worpole, caughtbytheriver.net
"James Dodds: Tide Lines manages to be several things at once – an affectionate family memoir, a beautifully-produced art book and a celebration of the world of the sea and the coast and those who make a living on it."
Trevor Heaton, Eastern Daily Press.
"This is a book to treasure, relish and enjoy on many different levels."
PW, Classic Boat
"It is not often that art is able to curtsy to craft –
but James Dodds' fabulous and strangely moving paintings of wooden boat building
are a superb testament to the skills of marine craftsmen."
Felix Dennis, publisher, poet and art collector.
"Magnificent. A re-vision. The marvellous as he has shown it."
Seamus Heaney on James Dodds' response to his poem From Lightenings viii.
240 x 300mm, 216 pp.
300 illustrations in full colour
Jardine Press & Studio Publications 2011


Copetran was founded in 1942 in Bucaramanga. It was a corporation of 3 bus owners. The governor of the province Dr. Arturo Santos has supported by one of the company to what was controlled by the government. The first trip was from Bucaramanga to Bogota in a bus with wooden seats and 20 people. In the front of the bus sat 2 jerry can with petrol for the trip of 24 hours.
The route network of currently around 100 destinations in Colombia. The current buses are from 2007 and have 2 toilets, LCD television with DVD and air conditioning and capacity for 2 drivers.


Express Auto Centre Wheel Alignment Kirkthorpe can Help!
Incorrect alignment not only causes rapid and irregular wear on your tyres, it can also affect your vehicle's handling and safety. Here at Express Auto Centre Wheel Alignment Kirkthorpe, we can ensure you get both a safe, smooth ride and the maximum life out of your tyres by checking and aligning your wheels to the specifications as required by your vehicle's manufacturer.


Misses Leotard, Leggings and Skirt.
Kwik Sew Sewing Pattern No. 3661.
Leotard has scoop neckline, three-quarter length sleeves, and neckline and leg openings are finished with elastic. Leggings have no side seams and cropped legs. Flared, pull-on skirt fits slightly below waist and has wide waistband with elastic.
Designed for two-way stretch fabric with 75% stretch. Suggested Fabrics: Fabrics with spandex Lycra , swimwear fabric, cotton Lycra , stretch velvet.


The area of a parallelogram is measured in the same way as the area for a rectangle or a square. The height of a parallelogram is the distance between the two horizontal sides.
As we showed in an earlier section we can divide a square or a quadrilateral into two triangles. This gives us that the area of a triangle is half the area of the quadrilateral with the same base and height.
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with two parallel sides. Both parallel sides are called bases.
To find the area of a trapezoid we need to divide it into two triangles. Both triangles produced have the height h.
The area of the trapezoid is the sum of the areas of the two triangles.
We get the area of a circle by multiplying π by the radius, r, squared.


New York (Web Desk): The UN General Assembly President Maria Fernanda Espinosa is looking forward to her 5-day visit to Pakistan from January 18-22.
During her visit, Maria Fernanda Espinosa will talk with Prime Minister Imran Khan and other Pakistani leaders on global and regional issues.
"The President of the General Assembly looks forward to strengthening the ties between Pakistan and the UN, promoting multilateralism and continuing her work with Pakistan on the priorities for the 73rd Session of the General Assembly," Spokesperson Monica Grayley said on January 11 when she announced Ms. Espinosa's January 18-22 visit to Pakistan, her first to the Asia-Pacific region.
It will be also the first visit by the senior UN leadership to Pakistan since the advent of the government led by Prime Minister Imran Khan.
Pakistan's Ambassador to the United Nations, Maleeha Lodhi, had a detailed meeting with the 193-member Assembly's president last week to finalize her visit.
"Our leadership looks forward to having wide-ranging discussions with Madam Espinosa on global and regional issues," the Pakistani envoy said afterwards.


100% Virgin Coconut Oil Daily Hydration Overnight Face Oil is rated 3.9 out of 5 by 19.
An overnight treatment that deeply restores skin. Wake up to skin that is hydrated and renewed. This lightweight oil adapts to all skin types, even skin that only requires a hint of moisture.
Apply a thin layer to a cleansed face prior to bedtime. Allow the oil to restore skin overnight. For drier skin, can be used for day and night.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Damsel Doe from Helped my skin texture??! So I was skeptical at first. I needed something to hydrate my face at night that wouldn't clog my pores or make me break out. I have oily combination skin and I am prone to breakouts so my instinct was always to stay away from putting oil on my skin. I wash my face with a cloth and an acne cleanser and then follow up with this product before I go to bed. On my first use it did noticeably tingle which concerned me a little, but I decided to continue the routine to see if it would help my skin. I have only been using this product for about a week and my skin is not only hydrated, but my skin texture and acne scars look so much better! My pores appear smaller and my acne scars are lighter and smoother. I also have bumpy skin texture around the sides of my mouth and even that has smoothed out. I will definitely recommend this product! Everyone's skin is differently so I am sure it won't work for everyone- but it's definitely worked miracles on me.
Rated 5 out of 5 by jesslb from Perfect for my reactive, dehydrated skin This was absorbed quickly and easily by my skin, which is almost always dry and dehydrated, extremely sensitive and reactive skin - we're talking "I am allergic to Burt's Bees skincare" bad. This oil hydrates without making me look like a shiny mess, and seemed to calm and nourish my skin as well as help heal whatever irritation I had going on, either overnight or within a few hours after application, as I use this product morning and night.
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Rated 1 out of 5 by camrynkk from Broke out in hives I used it a few times and it worked great, but recently I used it and woke up with hives. Maybe I have an unknown allergy? Right now I have no allergies but who knows. Just becareful and maybe do a skin test before really using it on your face!
Rated 1 out of 5 by Dana1722 from Do Not Get This Product. I used it one time and my whole face broke out. My chin feels itchy and like the product irritate only that area, I have oily/combo skin and I've never used a product that has irritated my skin so badly after ONE use, it completely ruined all of my skin care progress in one go.
Rated 1 out of 5 by jacalyn from made me breakout in hives I've used sheamoisture in the past and have had great results so I was really excited to try this product to help with my dry skin, it felt really nice when i put it on and it smelled great. Unfortunately I woke up the next morning and my face had broken out into big red hives. All the ingredients listed are common in all the other products I use, so i'm just disappointed Really wanted to love this.
I have very oily skin and have just started using this product due to the winter weather. Will this product have any effect on the oilyness of my skin during the day after my face has been cleaned? And could it cause any breakouts?
Does this product come with any form of seal?
Hi Chloe784, This product does not come with a seal.
This product can be used all over face, we recommend being very careful using on the delicate skin around your eye and not to get it too close to your eye to avoid any irritations.
When will thsi product be back in stock?
At this time we do not have a restock available for this product, we apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused. We recommend checking back in 2-3 weeks for product availability, please also check retailers like Target, Walmart or Vitamin Shoppe.
Can I use this for the morning as well or just night time?
Yes, for drier skin this product can be used in both the day & night!
All products have been tested extensively for any irritants. Be advised due to varying skin types, results will differ from person to person. Please check the ingredients list for any ingredients you may have an allergy or reaction to.
Can you tell what is it used for?


When and where will TEDxTheGlebeWomen take place this year?
TEDxTheGlebeWomen will take place on May 29, 2015 in the theatre of the Canadian Museum of Nature.
Unfortunately, our formal volunteer application process has now closed. We appreciate your interest in and support of TEDxTheGlebeWomen.
Can anyone attend TEDxTheGlebeWomen as a member of the audience? Where can I buy a ticket to attend the conference?
Yes! Everyone is invited and welcome to attend. However, tickets are limited so you need to act fast. Tickets can be purchased here.
Why is there a fee to attend TEDxTheGlebeWomen?
Our event is run solely by a team of dedicated volunteers, and money collected from ticket fees is allocated back to the conference to support costs for venue, operations, food, after party & satellite events.
- Watch the Live Stream: You can watch the TEDxTheGlebeWomen live stream in its entirety on May 29th, from the comfort of your home or office online. All talks and performances will be aired live. Stay tuned for all of the details.
The conference is a full day. A full schedule for the day will be released in May.
There are only a limited number of media passes available for the conference. Please email TEDxTheGlebeWomen team.
How can my company get involved as a partner or sponsor of TEDxTheGlebeWomen?
Please visit our sponsors page here for more information.
TEDxTheGlebeWomen is planned, organized and executed by a group of dedicated and passionate volunteers.
TheGlebe is for so many reasons! Our team lives, works, and plays in this City. And the Glebe just happens to be at the heart of it. We also know that the Glebe (and the Museum of Nature) are microcosms of the history of this beautiful city, province, and nation.
We have to follow some strict guidelines from TED. Women is because we are connected to the incredible, international TEDWomen Conference happening in California at the same time.
This DOES NOT mean that men aren't welcome at this event. In fact, we WANT, encourage, and invite all men to join us. Otherwise, what kind of conversation are we having?
Fill out our contact form. We will be in touch within 48 hours.


text:
David Albert Cullen (* 30. Dezember 1976 in St. Catharines, Ontario) ist ein ehemaliger kanadischer Eishockeyspieler, der zuletzt zwischen 2008 und 2010 beim EC Graz 99ers in der Österreichischen Eishockey-Liga unter Vertrag stand.

Karriere
David Cullen begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler in der Mannschaft der University of Maine, für die er von 1995 bis 1999 in der Hockey East aktiv war. Anschließend erhielt der Verteidiger am 16. April 1999 als Free Agent einen Vertrag bei den Phoenix Coyotes, für die er in der Saison 2000/01 sein Debüt in der National Hockey League gab. Dabei blieb er in zwei Spielen punkt- und straflos. Zudem kam er zu Beginn der Saison 2001/02 zu weiteren 14 Einsätzen in der NHL für die Mannschaft aus Arizona. Die meiste Zeit von 1999 bis 2002 im Franchise der Coyotes verbrachte er allerdings bei deren Farmteam, den Springfield Falcons, in der American Hockey League. Nachdem er am 4. Januar 2002 im Tausch für Sébastien Bordeleau an die Minnesota Wild abgegeben worden war, kam er erneut fast ausschließlich zu Einsätzen in der AHL, diesmal für die Houston Aeros, das Farmteam der Wild. Mit diesem gewann er in der Saison 2002/03 den Calder Cup.

Von 2003 bis 2006 stand Cullen in der American Hockey League bei den Rochester Americans unter Vertrag. Anschließend wurde er von den DEG Metro Stars aus der Deutschen Eishockey Liga verpflichtet, die er jedoch bereits nach nur einem Jahr wieder verließ, um in der Saison 2007/08 für Färjestad BK in der schwedischen Elitserien aufzulaufen. Bereits Ende November 2007 wechselte er aber zurück nach Nordamerika, als ihn die Syracuse Crunch aus der AHL über die Waiver-Liste verpflichteten. Im Sommer 2008 wechselte der Kanadier zu den EC Graz 99ers aus der Österreichischen Eishockey-Liga, für die er bis 2010 spielte.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1999 Hockey East First All-Star Team
 1999 NCAA East First All-American Team
 1999 NCAA Championship All-Tournament Team
 1999 NCAA Division-I-Championship mit der University of Maine
 2003 Calder-Cup-Gewinn mit den Houston Aeros

Statistik

(Stand: Ende der Saison 2008/09)

Weblinks

Eishockeyspieler (Maine Black Bears)
Eishockeyspieler (Springfield Falcons)
Eishockeyspieler (Syracuse Crunch)
Eishockeyspieler (Rochester Americans)
Eishockeyspieler (Phoenix Coyotes)
Eishockeyspieler (Houston Aeros, AHL)
Eishockeyspieler (Minnesota Wild)
Eishockeyspieler (Düsseldorfer EG)
Eishockeyspieler (Färjestad BK)
Eishockeyspieler (Graz 99ers)
Kanadier
Geboren 1976
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Michael R. Halvorsen is the managing partner of the Los Angeles office. He began his career as an intern under veteran Santa Barbara litigator Barry L. Snyder in the late nineties while attending the University of California at Santa Barbara. Mr. Halvorsen earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in English from UCSB in 1999. After graduation, he continued working at Mr. Snyder's firm for another year as a law clerk before starting law school at the University of San Francisco School of Law in the Fall of 2000.
At USF, he received the Best Oral Argument Award from the Moot Court Board, was the Executive Articles Editor of the Maritime Law Journal, a pupil in the U.S.F. Inns of Court, Quarter-Finalist in the Judge John R. Brown Moot Court Competition in New Orleans, and Finalist in the San Francisco Trial Lawyers' Association's Mock Trial Competition. He also authored Citation and Precedent: A Practitioner's Guide to Citation and Precedent Value of Opinions Published in AMC under the Ninth, Fifth, Eleventh, and Second Circuit's Rules, 199 U.S.F. MLJ 199. Thereafter, he was invited to be the first student ever to address the bi-annual Pacific-Admiralty Conference. During the summer of his second year in law school, he clerked for a national firm where he focused on the defense of manufacturers in product liability litigation. He received his Juris Doctor degree in May of 2003.
Mr. Halvorsen joined Phillips, Spallas & Angstadt LLP the same day he passed the California State Bar in November 2003. After working in the firm's San Francisco office for two years, he moved to Los Angeles where he continued to practice litigation in all California state and federal courts together with pre-litigation investigations and mediations. In February 2007, he led the opening of the firm's Los Angeles office.
Mr. Halvorsen's primary practice areas include most areas of litigation including product liability, complex landlord-tenant disputes, consumer warranty under state and federal statutes, significant personal injury, premises liability, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and homeowner's association disputes. He enjoys working with all clients including Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Forest River, American Junkie restaurants, Howl at the Moon, and many other smaller 'mom and pop' clients.
Mr. Halvorsen has been part of the trial teams for many lawsuits during his career often in either a lead counsel or co-lead counsel capacity. He continues to be a critical aspect of managing litigation for clients through trial.
Mr. Halvorsen has been a member of the California State Bar in good standing continually since 2003. He is a member of American Bar Association, Association of Southern California Defense Counsel, U.S.F. Inns of Court, San Francisco County Bar Association, and the Los Angeles County Bar Association. He is admitted in all federal courts in California including the United States District Court for the Northern, Central, Eastern, and Southern Districts of California.


What made it more impressive was the fact that KLHC has retained the league title with two matches to spare and for Koshy, this is the first step.
"It is always good to win and more importantly play well in the process. No doubt that we were written off but I guess that only spurred the players to play better and as a result we have the league title in the bag," said Koshy.
"But we are not about to take our foot off the pedal as we intend to keep the momentum going and play our best team in the remaining two matches. The knockout stage is a totally new ball game and we will take it one match at a time.
"It was a very competitive league and really it is always difficult to defend a title. I am pround of what the players have done but there is still unfinished business as so far as I am concerned."
Indeed the celebrations by the KLHC players were muted and Chua Boon Huat summed it up: " We have to forget the win and focus on defending the TNB Cup."
For mayban coach Wallace Tan, the failure to land the league title was a dissapointment but all is not lost.
"We have to try win the runner up spot and to do that we need to win the remaining matches. It was a good performance today but we failed to make use of the chances that we created," said Wallace.
KLHC took an early lead as Muhammad Imran converted a penalty corner in the 3rd minute. A brilliant reverse stick hit by Akhtar Ali in the 15th minute doubled KLHC's advantage.
But a deflection by Imran past his keeper Roslan Jamaluddin gave Maybank a lifeline in the 26h minute. And seconds before te halftime hooter, Shakeel Abbasi put Maybank on level terms.
KLHC were undeterred ad went 3-2 ahead through Muhammad Umar Bhutta in the 48th minute before Muhammad Najib Hassan made sure of the title with a goal in the 61st minute.


text:
Q: Why a big part of HDFS is unused and unavailable? In EMR I've had issues where some nodes reach 90% usage in the partition dedicated to HDFS and failed.
To alleviate the problem I've been "freeing up" space by removing spark logs, old checkpoint folders and other logs. However after a while I noticed that the space I was freeing up was not available. To the point where there is a big discrepancy in the output of hdfs dfs -df -h, as seen below:

There are 240GB missing, around 46%.
I first noticed this discrepancy while reading the output of hdfs dfsadmin -report. In which something similar can be observed for individual nodes.

How can I make available the free space? Why is this happening?

A: Why is this happening?
The missing space in HDFS is explained by space used in /mnt in each EMR node outside the /mnt/hdfs folder.
So the total space reported by hdfs dfs -df corresponds to all the disk space assigned to /mnt while the available space is all the space available in /mnt. If there is a lot space used within /mnt but outside /mnt/hdfs the number reported by hdfs dfs -df will make little sense.
Here's a visual representation of how the usage of /mnt could look like:

How can I make available the free space?
It turned out that yarn container logs where using too much space. These logs are located at /mnt/var/log/hadoop-yarn/containers/. I removed any large stderr logs and restarted the corresponding spark application. After that the disk space became available for HDFS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Notification on Approving the Decision to Issue (Additional) Securities
1.1. Issuer's full name Limited liability company Aeroexpress
1.2. Issuer's short name OOO Aeroexpress
1.3. Location of the Issuer: Sheremetyevo International Airport, Khimki, Moscow Oblast, 141400, Russian Federation
1.4. Issuer's OGRN: 1055009320695
1.5. Issuer's INN: 5047066172
1.6. Issuer's unique code, assigned by the registration authority: Not assigned
1.7. Website used by the Issuer for information disclosure: http://www.aeroexpress.ru/
2. Notification Content
2.1. Issuer's management body taking the decision to offer securities and method of decision making:
The decision to offer securities to the public was made by the Extraordinary General Meeting of Aeroexpress's participants held in the form of absentee voting.
2.2. Date and place of the meeting of the authorised Issuer's management body, where the decision to offer securities publicly was made: 30 September 2011, address: 16 Sredny Ovchinnikovsky Lane, Moscow.
2.3. Date and number of Minutes of the meeting of the authorised Issuer's management body, where the decision to offer securities publicly was made: Minutes of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Aeroexpress's participants No.03/11-OSU dated 18 October 2011.
2.4. A quorum for making decision on the placement of securities and voting results:
Duly filled and signed ballot papers were received from the following Company's participants:
1. Limited liability company DELTA-TRANS-INVEST, holding a 25% stake in the Company's share capital - 25 votes;
2. Iskandar Kakhramonovich Makhmudov, holding a 17,5% stake in the Company's share capital - 17,5 votes;
3. Andrei Removich Bokarev, holding a 7,5% stake in the Company's share capital - 7,5 votes;
4. Public limited company Russian Railways, holding a 50% stake in the Company's share capital (as represented by the participant's representative, Gennadiy Viktorovich Verkhovykh, acting on the basis of Power of Attorney No.35-DP dated 14.04.2011) - 50 votes.
A quorum for decision making is present.
The decision is made unanimously.
2.5. The full text of the decision made to offer securities to the public:
1. To offer 3,500,000 (three million and five hundred thousand) series 01 certified interest-bearing inconvertible bearer bonds kept in obligatory centralised storage with a par value of RUB 1,000 (one thousand roubles) each (hereinafter referred to as the Bonds) under the following conditions:
1) Method of Bond offering - public offering;
2) The Bond offer price is RUB 1,000 (one thousand roubles) per Bond (100% of the nominal value).
Starting from the second day of the Bond issue offering procedure, the purchasers shall pay the accumulated coupon interest on the purchased bonds (ACI), calculated using the following formula:
ACI = Nom * C * ((T - T0) / 365)/ 100%, where
ACI - accumulated coupon interest income, RUB;/
Nom - nominal value of one bond, RUB;
C - interest rate of the first coupon period, annual interest;
T - date when the bond offering is completed; and
T0 - date when the bond offering is commenced.
The amount of the accumulated coupon interest income per Bond shall be calculated to the accuracy of one kopeck. (The amount shall be rounded in accordance with the rules of mathematical rounding, which mean that the rounding value of an integer kopeck is not changed, if a digit next to it varies between 0 and 4, and it is rounded up by one, if the next digit varies from 5 to 9.)
3) Form of payment for the Bonds: Russian Roubles sent by bank transfer.
4) Income on the Bonds shall be paid in the form of interest on the outstanding portion of the Bonds' nominal value.
The coupon interest is charged on the outstanding portion of the nominal value. The outstanding portion of the nominal value is defined as the difference between the nominal value of one Bond and the portion of it that was repaid ahead of schedule (if a decision on early repayment was made by the Issuer in compliance with the conditions set out in the Decision to Issue Securities and the Prospectus).
5) Order, form, and term of repayment:
The Bonds shall be repaid in Russian Roubles by bank transfer. The bondholders cannot select the form of bond repayment.
The maturity date is the 1,820th day following the date when the bond offering was commenced.
The Bond repayment shall be commenced and completed on the same day.
The Bonds shall be repaid according to the outstanding amount of the nominal value. The outstanding portion of the nominal value is defined as the difference between the nominal value of one bond and the portion of it that was repaid ahead of schedule (if a decision on early repayment was made by the Issuer in compliance with the conditions set out in the Decision to Issue Securities and the Prospectus).
The Bonds shall be repaid by a Payment Agent by request of and at the expense of the Issuer. Should the maturity date fall on a holiday or a weekend, irrespective of whether is it a state holiday or a non-transactional bank day, the due amount shall be paid on the first working day following the holiday or the weekend. The bond holder may not request additional interest or any other compensation for payment delays of this sort.
On the date, when the bond nominal value is due to be repaid, the Issuer's Payment Agent shall transfer payable amounts received from the Issuer to the bank accounts of the people, authorised to receive maturity amounts for the benefit of the bond holders, specified in the List of bond holders and nominees.
Should one person be authorised to receive the maturity amounts from several bond holders, the total amount shall be transferred to that person without being divided between individual bond holders.
6) The Bonds shall be placed via purchase and sale transactions at the price, set at the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange trades.
All expenses of recording the deposition of the Bonds on the securities accounts of the first bond holders (acquirers) shall be borne by the bond holders (acquirers).
7) The Bonds can be repaid ahead of schedule at the Issuer's discretion or at the bondholder's request.
Order of early bond repayment at the Issuer's discretion.
1. The Issuer shall decide whether the Bonds are able to be repaid ahead of schedule before the date when the bond placement is commenced. In the instance whereby the Issuer takes the decision to allow early bond repayment at its discretion, the Issuer shall define the order number of the coupon period, upon termination of which it is possible to repay the Bonds ahead of schedule at the Issuer's discretion.
That decision shall be made by the Issuer's authorized body.
Should the decision be made to allow early Bond repayment at the Issuer's discretion, the purchase of the Bonds will be treated as an agreement from the acquirer of the Bonds on the possibility of early Bond repayment at the Issuer's discretion.
Early Bond repayment shall be made based on the outstanding portion of the nominal value. Accumulated coupon interest income shall be also repaid, calculated on the date of the early Bond repayment.
On the date of early Bond repayment, the amount of accumulated coupon interest income on the Bonds shall be calculated in accordance with the Decision to Issue Securities and the Prospectus.
Repayment of the outstanding portion of the nominal value and the coupon yield, if repaid ahead of schedule, shall be made in Russian Roubles by bank transfer for the benefit of the bondholders as at the end of the transactional day of the National Depositary prior to the 3rd (third) working day before the date of early Bond repayment (hereinafter referred to as the Date of making the list of bondholders and/or nominees for early Bond repayment).
The early bond repayment shall be made in Russian Roubles by bank transfer. The bondholders cannot select the form of bond repayment.
The early bond repayment shall be made by a Payment Agent by request of and at the expense of the Issuer.
Should the date of the early bond repayment fall on a holiday or a weekend, irrespective of whether is it a state holiday or a non-transactional bank day, the due amount shall be paid on the first working day following the holiday or the weekend. The bond holder may not request additional interest or any other compensation for payment delays of this sort.
On the date of the early bond repayment, the Payment Agent shall transfer payable amounts received from the Issuer to the bank accounts of the people, authorised to receive the repayment amounts for the benefit of the bond holders, specified in the List of bond holders and/or nominees.
Should one person be authorised to receive the early repaid amounts from several bond holders, the total amount shall be transferred to that person without being divided between individual bond holders.
The early bond repayment shall be commenced and completed on the same day.
2. Before the date when the Bond offering is commenced, the Issuer may take a decision on the partial early repayment of the Bonds on the last day of a scheduled coupon period(s). The Issuer must define the numbers of coupon period(s), on the last day of which the Issuer repays a predefined portion of the nominal value ahead of schedule, as well as the interest amount of the nominal value due to be paid on the last day of the specified coupon period.
Should the Bonds be repaid in part ahead of schedule at the Issuer's discretion, the equal amount of interest shall be paid in respect of all Bonds of the issue.
The partial early bond repayment shall be made by the Payment Agent by request of and at the expense of the Issuer.
Should the date of the partial early bond repayment fall on a holiday or a weekend, irrespective of whether is it a state holiday or a non-transactional bank day, the due amount shall be paid on the first working day following the holiday or the weekend. The bond holder may not request additional interest or any other compensation for payment delays of this sort.
On the date of the partial early bond repayment, the Payment Agent shall transfer payable amounts received from the Issuer to the bank accounts of the people, authorised to receive the amounts of the partial early bond repayment for the benefit of the bond holders, specified in the List of bond holders and/or nominees.
Should one person be authorised to receive the amounts of the partial early bond repayment from several bond holders, the total amount shall be transferred to that person without being divided between individual bond holders.
The partial early bond repayment shall be commenced and completed on the same day. The partial early bond repayment shall be made in Russian Roubles by bank transfer together with the payment of coupon interest income on the Bonds repaid ahead of schedule.
Order of early bond repayment at the bondholders' request.
Should the Bonds be included in Quotation List B, the bondholders will have the right to request their early repayment, if the Bonds are delisted on all stock exchanges where these Bonds are listed.
Early Bond repayment shall be made based on the outstanding portion of the nominal value. The outstanding portion of the nominal value is defined as the difference between the nominal value of one bond and the portion of it that was repaid ahead of schedule (if a decision on early repayment was made by the Issuer in compliance with the conditions set out in the Decision to Issue Securities and the Prospectus).
The term prior to which the early bond repayment may not be requested.
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3.2. Date: 18 October 2011

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
French forces kill newspaper attack suspects, hostages die in second siege
Members of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Longpont, northeast of Paris
Members of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Longpont, northeast of Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
A member of the French GIPN intervention police forces secures a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris
A member of the French GIPN intervention police forces secures a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
A member of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris
A member of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
Stay in the know at a glance with the Top 10 daily stories
Members of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris
Members of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
Members of the French GIPN intervention police forces secure a neighbourhood in Corcy, northeast of Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
French special intervention police conduct a house-to-house search in Longpont, northeast of Paris
French special intervention police conduct a house-to-house search in Longpont, northeast of Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
Rose is seen placed as a memento of condolence at the French embassy at Pariser Platz in Berlin
A rose is seen placed as a memento of condolence at the French embassy at Pariser Platz in Berlin January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke
A child holds a poster at a service in Londonderry, for those murdered at the Charlie Hebdo magazine offices in Paris
A child holds a poster at a service in Londonderry, for those murdered at the Charlie Hebdo magazine offices in Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Cathal McNaughton
A Gendarmerie cordon is seen at a gas station in Villers-Cotterets, north-east of Paris, where armed suspects from the attack on French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo were spotted in a car
A Gendarmerie cordon is seen at a gas station in Villers-Cotterets, north-east of Paris, January 8, 2015, where armed suspects from the attack on French satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo were spotted in a car. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
A placard with press cartoon by cartoonist Plantu is placed amongst a frieze on the Republic statue at the Place de la Republique in Paris the day after a shooting at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo
A placard with a press cartoon by cartoonist Plantu is placed amongst a frieze on the Republic statue at the Place de la Republique in Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes
Members of French special police forces of Research and Intervention Brigade are seen at the scene of a shooting in the street of Montrouge near Paris
Members of French special police forces of Research and Intervention Brigade (BRI) are seen at the scene of a shooting in the street of Montrouge near Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Charles Platiau
A placard with a press cartoon by cartoonist Plantu is placed amongst a frieze on the Republic statue at the Place de la Republique in Paris January 8, 2015 the day after a shooting at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes
People gather in front of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris during a minute of silence for victims of the shooting at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo on Wednesday
People gather in front of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris January 8, 2015 during a minute of silence for victims of the shooting at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo on Wednesday. REUTERS/Jacky Naegelen
French President Francois Hollande stands in attention during a funeral ceremony honouring Robert Chambeiron, member of the Resistance during World War II, at the Hotel des Invalides in Paris
French President Francois Hollande stands in attention during a funeral ceremony honouring Robert Chambeiron, member of the Resistance during World War II (WWII), at the Hotel des Invalides in Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Etienne Laurent/Pool
A woman sign a memorial register under a poster showing the victims of the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, following a minute of silence at Nice town hall
A woman signs a memorial register under a poster showing the victims from the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, following a minute of silence at Nice town hall January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard
Police investigators work at the scene of a shooting in the street of Montrouge near Paris
Police investigators work at the scene of a shooting in the street of Montrouge near Paris January 8, 2015. REUTERS/Charles Platiau
A man draws on posters during a vigil to pay tribute to the victims of a shooting by gunmen at the offices of weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris, at the Kennedy Park in Lima
A man draws on posters during a vigil to pay tribute to the victims of a shooting by gunmen at the offices of weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris, at the Kennedy Park in Lima, January 7, 2015. REUTERS/Enrique Castro-Mendivil
An explosion lights the front of a kosher supermarket as French police special forces launch their assault, where several people were taken hostage in eastern Paris
A still image from video shows an explosion lighting the front of a kosher supermarket as French police special forces launch their assault, where several people were taken hostage near the Porte de Vincennes in eastern Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/BFMTV via Reuters TV
Helicopter hovers after the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
Helicopter hovers after the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard
Smoke is seen at left as French police special forces launch their assault at a kosher supermarket where several people were taken hostage near the Porte de Vincennes in eastern Paris
Smoke is seen at left as French police special forces launch their assault at a kosher supermarket (seen at rear) where several people were taken hostage near the Porte de Vincennes in eastern Paris January 9, 2015, following Wednesday's deadly attack at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo by two masked gunmen who shouted Islamist slogans. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes
French President Francois Hollande addresses the nation at the Elysee Palace in Paris
French President Francois Hollande addresses the nation at the Elysee Palace in Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Remy de la Mauviniere/Pool
French special forces sharp shooters take position on a rooftop of the complex at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele
French special forces sharp shooters take position on a rooftop of the complex at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris, January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard
French gendarmes stand guard as school children board a bus near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele
French gendarmes stand guard as school children board a bus as they are evacuated near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris, January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard
Members of the French gendarmerie intervention forces arrive at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
Members of the French gendarmerie intervention forces arrive at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris, January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
People gather at the Gare de Lyon train station in Paris during a minute of silence for victims of the shooting at the Paris offices of weekly satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo on Wednesday
People gather at the Gare de Lyon train station in Paris, January 8, 2015. REUTERS/ Youssef Boudlal
French police forcibly stop at gun point young people on a scooter as they arrive near the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket in eastern Paris
French police forcibly stop at gun point young people on a scooter as they arrive near the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket near Porte de Vincennes in eastern Paris, January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Youssef Boudlal
A cloud of smoke appears, in this video grab, at the start of the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
A cloud of smoke appears, in this video grab, at the start of the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Reuters TV
A flash of light and smoke appear, in this video grab, at the start of the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
A flash of light and smoke appear, in this video grab, at the start of the final assault at the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. The two brothers wanted for the shooting of 12 people at the offices of satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo were killed in a raid on Friday by security forces on the print works where they were holed up with a hostage, a government source said. REUTERS/Reuters TV
A helicopter with members of the French intervention gendarme forces hover above the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
A helicopter with members of the French intervention gendarme forces hover above the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
A call for witnesses released by the Paris Prefecture de Police January 9, 2015 shows the photos of Hayat Boumeddiene (L) and Amedy Coulibaly
A call for witnesses released by the Paris Prefecture de Police January 9, 2015 shows the photos of Hayat Boumeddiene (L) and Amedy Coulibaly, who are considered to be armed and dangerous, and are actively being sought in the shooting death of a woman police in Montrouge, near Paris, on Thursday. REUTERS/Paris Prefecture de Police handout via REUTERS
French intervention police take up position near the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket in eastern Paris
French intervention police take up position near the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket in eastern Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Youssef Boudlal
Helicopters with French intervention forces hover above the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
Helicopters with French intervention forces hover above the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
French intervention police are seen at the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket in eastern Paris
REFILE ADDING INFORMATION French intervention police are seen at the scene of a hostage taking at a kosher supermarket (seen in rear) in eastern Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Charles Platiau
Intervention forces arrire inside the perimeter of the complex where a hostage taking situation continues at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
Intervention forces arrive inside the perimeter of the complex where a hostage taking situation continues at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol
French gendarmes secure the roundabout near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
French gendarmes secure the roundabout near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard
A French Army helicopter with intervention forces hovers near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris
A French Army helicopter with intervention forces hovers near the scene of a hostage taking at an industrial zone in Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris January 9, 2015.REUTERS/Christian Hartmann
By Mark John, Ingrid Melander and John Irish
January 9, 2015, 6:46 p.m.
By Mark John, Ingrid Melander and John Irish PARIS/DAMMARTIN-EN-GOELE, France (Reuters) - Two brothers wanted for a bloody attack on the offices of French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo were killed on Friday when anti-terrorist police stormed their hideout, while a second siege ended with the deaths of four hostages. The violent end to the simultaneous stand-offs northeast of Paris and at a Jewish supermarket in the capital followed a police operation of unprecedented scale as France tackled one of the worst threats to its internal security in decades. With one of the gunmen saying shortly before his death that he was funded by al Qaeda, President Francois Hollande warned that the danger to France - home to the European Union's biggest communities of both Muslims and Jews - was not over yet. "These madmen, fanatics, have nothing to do with the Muslim religion," Hollande said in a televised address. "France has not seen the end of the threats it faces." An audio recording posted on YouTube attributed to a leader of the Yemeni branch of al Qaeda (AQAP) said the attack in France was prompted by insults to prophets but stopped short of claiming responsibility for the assault on the offices of Charlie Hebdo. Sheikh Hareth al-Nadhari said in the recording, "Some in France have misbehaved with the prophets of God and a group of God's faithful soldiers taught them how to behave and the limits of freedom of speech." "Soldiers who love God and his prophet and who are in love with martyrdom for the sake of God had come to you," he said in the recording, the authenticity of which could not immediately be verified. A Yemeni journalist who specialises in al Qaeda said it was clear that AQAP had provided a "spiritual inspiration" for the attack on the newspaper offices, but there was no clear sign that it was directly responsible for the assault. Following heavy loss of life over three consecutive days, which began with the attack on Charlie Hebdo when 12 people were shot dead, French authorities are trying to prevent a rise in vengeful anti-immigrant sentiment. Hollande denounced the killing of the four hostages at the kosher supermarket in the Vincennes district of Paris. "This was an appalling anti-Semitic act that was committed," he said. Officials said Cherif Kouachi and his brother Said, both in their thirties, died when security forces raided a print shop in the small town of Dammartin-en-Goele, northeast of Paris, where the chief suspects in Wednesday's attack had been holed up. The hostage they had taken was safe, an official said. Automatic gunfire rang out, followed by blasts and then silence as smoke billowed from the roof of the print shop. In thick fog, a helicopter landed on the building's roof, signalling the end of the assault. A government source said the brothers had emerged from the building and opened fire on police before they were killed. Before his death, one of the Kouachi brothers told a television station he had received financing from an al Qaeda preacher in Yemen. "I was sent, me, Cherif Kouachi, by Al Qaeda of Yemen. I went over there and it was Anwar al Awlaki who financed me," he told BFM-TV by telephone, according to a recording aired by the channel after the siege was over. Al Awlaki, an influential international recruiter for al Qaeda, was killed in September 2011 in a drone strike. A senior Yemeni intelligence source earlier told Reuters that Kouachi's brother Said had also met al Awlaki during a stay in Yemen in 2011. TARGETING JEWS Minutes after the print shop assault, police broke the second siege at the supermarket in eastern Paris. Four hostages died there along with the gunman, Amedy Coulibaly. Coulibaly had also called BFM-TV to claim allegiance to Islamic State, saying he wanted to defend Palestinians and target Jews. Coulibaly said he had jointly planned the attacks with the Kouachi brothers, and police confirmed they were all members of the same Islamist cell in northern Paris. Police had already been hunting 32-year-old Coulibaly along with a 26 year-old woman after the killing on Thursday of a policewoman. The woman, Hayat Boumeddiene, remains on the run. Paris chief prosecutor Francois Molins told a press briefing that the two Kouachi brothers and Coulibaly had an arsenal of weapons and had set up booby traps. He said they had a loaded M82 rocket launcher, two Kalashnikov machine guns and two automatic pistols on them. "On the body of one of the terrorists, the demining teams also found a grenade that had been positioned as a trap," Molins said. He said Coulibaly had attacked police forces with a Kalashnikov assault rifle and a "Skorpion" military pistol. After he was shot, police found two Russian-made Tokarev pistols, two machine guns, a bullet-proof vest and ammunition in the kosher supermarket. "The supermarket had also been booby-trapped," he said, noting that Coulibaly had placed 15 explosive sticks and one detonator in the supermarket. Altogether 17 victims have died along with the three hostage-takers since Wednesday. France plans a unity rally on Sunday to protest against the attacks. Among those due to attend are German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Prime Ministers David Cameron of Britain, Matteo Renzi of Italy and Mariano Rajoy of Spain, and European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker. President Barack Obama also expressed U.S. support. "I want the people of France to know that the United States stands with you today, stands with you tomorrow," he said. World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder joined the condemnations, saying, "Jewish life in France under threat if terror does not stop". HOSTAGES RUSHED OUT News footage of the kosher supermarket showed dozens of heavily armed police officers outside two entrances. The assault began with gunfire and an explosion at the door, after which hostages were rushed out. Reuters photographs taken from long distance showed a man holding an infant being herded into an ambulance by police. Others were carried out on stretchers. French authorities mobilised a force of nearly 90,000 after Wednesday's attack on Charlie Hebdo, a weekly that has long courted controversy by mocking Islam and other religions and political leaders. A witness said one of the gunmen in Wednesday's attack was heard to shout: "We have killed Charlie Hebdo! We have avenged the Prophet!" The Kouachi brothers are believed to be the hooded gunmen who shot dead some of France's top satirical cartoonists along with two police officers. Security sources said the brothers, who were born in France of Algerian-born parents, had been under surveillance and had been placed on European and U.S. "no-fly" lists. The violence raised questions about surveillance of radicals, far-right politics, religion and censorship in a land struggling to integrate part of its five million-strong Muslim community. (Additional reporting by Paris and U.S. bureaus; Writing by Ralph Boulton and David Stamp; Editing by Peter Millership, Robin Pomeroy, Toni Reinhold)
Halifax rehabilitation centre flood damages treatment rooms, destroys charity café
Nova Scotia's health authority says it could take months to repair damage to its rehabilitation and arthritis centre in Halifax after a sprinkler pipe burst Monday morning, destroying treatment rooms and a café run by Easter Seals. Water flooded the first floor and the basement, destroying walls and flooring. The health authority said the most extensive damage is to the cafeteria and the University Avenue entrance. "We'll be using a secondary entrance on that side and the cafeteria will be close
Fabled water bomber once used to fight B.C. wildfires on sale for $5M
One of the most famous planes in B.C.'s history, a Martin Mars water bomber used to carry and drop vast amounts of water on wildfires, is for sale for $5 million. "The opportunity to purchase and preserve a unique part of aviation history is now available for the discerning buyer, or donor," says the listing from the California-based seller, Platinum Fighter Sales. The signature red and white plane, beloved by many throughout the province, was brought into service in the late 1950s as a powerful
7-year prison sentence for Island man who abused teenage girl
An Island man who sexually abused a teenage girl has been sentenced to seven years in federal prison. Nicholas James Gallant, 38, of Charlottetown pleaded guilty to two charges: sexual exploitation of a person age 14 to 18, and sexual touching. The incidents took place in Charlottetown over a period of time beginning around June, 2019. The victim's identity is protected by court order. Chief Provincial Court Judge Jeff Lantz handed down the seven-year prison sentence Dec. 20. Gallant had been in
EU leaders remember David Sassoli's 'strong convictions' in tribute
EU leaders paid tribute to the late president of the European Parliament David Sassoli at a ceremony in Strasbourg.View on euronews
Gyms and fitness centres across B.C. will be allowed to start gradually reopening as of Jan. 20, the province announced Tuesday in an update on public health restrictions. Other previous restrictions, including the ban on gatherings like weddings and funerals, is being extended until Feb. 16. Bars, nightclubs and lounges must remain closed and capacity limits are still in place for restaurants, theatres and stadiums. Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry said she made the decision to extend
Galapagos sharks surround scuba divers and they're thrilled
Scuba divers in the Galapagos Islands entered the water near Darwin Island and headed for the rocks at the bottom, 70 feet deep. They found themselves in the middle of a pack of curious Galapagos sharks. These are the top predators in these waters.
President Joe Biden took office at a particularly polarized time in American history, so it's not surprising that citizens are divided on his performance at the one-year mark. A Georgia history teacher who voted for Biden would give him a "C" grade, faulting the president for not pushing earlier to end the filibuster in the Senate but supportive of his Build Back Better plan. A retired nurse in Iowa who supported Pete Buttigieg in the Democratic primary says she's been impressed by the way Biden


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Contributor: Anghie, Antony x
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL] (3)
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Open sectionAir law and law of outer space (1)
Airspace (1)
Open sectionHistory of international law (2)
1815 to World War I (1)
Colonization / Decolonization (1)
Foreign relations law (1)
Open sectionSettlement of disputes (1)
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Customary international law (1)
General principles of international law (1)
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Part I Themes, Institutions, And History, 4 Asia in the History and Theory of International Law »
Antony Anghie
From: The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Asia and the Pacific
Edited By: Simon Chesterman, Hisashi Owada, Ben Saul
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
Published in print
This chapter looks at debates about Asia in scholarship on the history and theory of international law. It also traces the evolution of concepts of sovereignty in the context of Asia's colonial history, and more recent preoccupations with development. What counts as the 'history and theory' of international law is itself continuously changing and scholars must engage with new materials and issues. Possible new initiatives include deeper research on Asian traditions and concepts of rule and governance, justice, and order; approaching the history and theory of international law in Asia in global rather than regional terms; and turning to other disciplines—such as social/cultural anthropology—to develop new insights into the questions of governance and territory, and the powerful imaginaries of nationhood, sovereignty, and empire that animate the peoples of Asia, and that have not been entirely displaced by modern concepts of sovereignty and globalization. Examining these themes illuminates the important issues of how Asian states have attempted to innovate and use international law to further their own interests.
Berlin West Africa Conference (1884–85) »
Colonization / Decolonization — Indigenous peoples — 1815 to World War I — Territory, acquisition and transfer — Foreign relations law
1 The intensifying competition between European States intent on acquiring territory in Africa in the late 19th century resulted in increasing friction within Europe (Colonialism). The Berlin West Africa Conference 1884–1885 ('Conference') was convened by Chancellor Bismarck of Germany for the purpose of addressing the political, diplomatic, and legal issues that resulted from this Scramble for Africa, a scramble which involved not only States but various powerful commercial interests such as the British East Africa Company (Conferences and Congresses,...
V Methodology and Theory, 44 Identifying Regions in the History of International Law »
From: The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law
Edited By: Bardo Fassbender, Anne Peters
Oxford Handbooks in Law
History of international law — Territory — Law of the sea — Airspace — Territoriality
The topic of 'regionalism' and its relationship with international law has now acquired a particular and considerable significance. Contemporary scholars have argued that the emergence of regional organizations and the legal systems and institutions associated with them may result in the fragmentation of international law1—or, somewhat contrastingly, that it is through regional organizations that international law may actually achieve some sort of reality and effective enforcement.2 The idea of 'regional international law' acts as a complex bridge between the...
Part I Histories, Ch.8 Imperialism and International Legal Theory »
From: The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law
Edited By: Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann
Customary international law — General principles of international law — Sources of international law
This chapter examines the issue of how imperialism has impinged on theorizing about international law in different historical periods, as imperialism is a distinctive experience that has generated new questions and concepts that have been and need to be further explored in order to acquire a better grasp of the operation of international law and its effects on the world. The argument here is that we are faced by a fundamental paradox: although imperialism has been crucial to the development of international law, it has not really been a central concern of the theory of international law for much of the last century. This is because of a broad tendency to view 'colonial questions' as pragmatic or political issues that did not implicate the great theoretical concerns of the time, or else to characterize imperialism in a manner that easily enabled its assimilation into these concerns.


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\section{Introduction}

Morphological changes of retinal arteries and veins have been reported to be associated with potential risks of various systemic, cardiovascular and cerebral diseases  \cite{wong2002retinal,chew2012retinal}. For example, it is reported that narrowing of arteries and widening of veins are associated with the increased risk of stroke \cite{ikram2004retinal}.
In addition, research has also found that the narrowing of retinal arteriolar caliber is related to the risk of hypertension and developing diabetes \cite{chew2012retinal,nguyen2008retinal}.
Therefore, accurate A/V classification is of strong clinical interest.

Automatic A/V classification has been actively investigated in recent years.
Previous works are generally performed in a two-stage manner \cite{Niemeijer2010,xu_improved_2017,dashtbozorg_automatic_2014,estrada_retinal_2015,zhao_retinal_2018,zhao2019retinal}, which requires vessel segmentation in the first stage and then classifies individual pixels on the vessel or centerline into either A/V. Depending on whether topological structure is used in the procedure, those works can be further categorized into pure feature based methods \cite{Niemeijer2010,xu_improved_2017} and graph based methods \cite{dashtbozorg_automatic_2014,estrada_retinal_2015,zhao_retinal_2018,zhao2019retinal}. The graph based methods first reconstruct the graph tree structures for individual vessels, and then take advantage of the topological connection/crossover relationship to further refine the A/V classification results, which have been proved to be effective in boosting A/V classification performance \cite{dashtbozorg_automatic_2014,estrada_retinal_2015,zhao_retinal_2018,zhao2019retinal}.

Very recently, deep learning has been introduced to the A/V classification task, which enables the end-to-end A/V classification and eliminates the pre-requirement of vessel segmentation in the first place.
For example, Xu \textit{et al.} \cite{xu2018simultaneous} first proposed to adopt the U-Net framework to segment arteries and veins from the background.  AlBadawi and Fraz \cite{albadawi_arterioles_2018} performed pixel-wise A/V classification with an encoder-decoder based fully convolutional network. Ma \textit{et al.} \cite{ma2019multi} proposed to perform retinal vessel segmentation and A/V classification simultaneously with a multi-task framework, which achieved the state-of-the-art performance on the publicly available AV-DRIVE dataset.

Deep learning based methods, although achieved high A/V classification accuracy, still suffer from the problem of limited connectivity for the obtained arteries and veins, which should be connected naturally. As aforementioned, the topological connection relationship of individual vessels can be adopted to mitigate this issue. To the best of our knowledge, however, integrating the vessel topological connectivity into the deep learning based A/V classification framework was rarely investigated. There is still a research gap of how to increase the topological connectivity of the predicted arteries and veins.

In order to fill this gap, a Topology Ranking Generative Adversarial Network (TR-GAN) is proposed in this paper, which tries to increase the topological connectivity of arteries and veins, and further improves the A/V classification performance. This paper is the first work trying to increase topology connectivity for the A/V classification task with a deep learning based framework.
Three major contributions are made with this paper. Firstly, instead of using a general discriminator in adversarial learning that distinguishes the ground-truth (real) mask from the generated (fake) mask, a topology ranking discriminator based on ordinal regression is proposed to rank the topological connectivity of the real mask, the fake mask and the intentionally shuffled mask. The ranking loss is further back-propagated to encourage the segmentation network to produce A/V masks with higher topological connectivity. Secondly, a topology preserving module with triplet loss is also proposed to extract the high-level topological features from the generated mask, based on which further to narrow the feature distance between the generated mask and the ground-truth mask.
Last but not least, the proposed framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the publicly available AV-DRIVE dataset for the A/V classification, surpassing the most recent approaches with a remarkable margin.

\section{Method}

Fig. \ref{fig_Framework} shows the architecture of the proposed Topology Ranking GAN (TR-GAN) framework for the retinal A/V classification task.
The overall architecture consists of three parts: (1) the segmentation network as the generator, (2) the topology ranking discriminator and (3) the topology preserving module with triplet loss.
For the segmentation network, we adopt the widely used U-Net \cite{Ronneberger2015UNetCN} architecture with a pretrained ResNet-18 as the encoder, and the decoder outputs a three-channel probability map for artery, vein and vessel segmentation.
The generated mask is then concatenated with the original input image and fed to the topology ranking discriminator to evaluate the topological connectivity, similar for the ground-truth mask and the shuffled mask. A topology ranking adversarial loss is then calculated and back-propagated to update the generator.

Moreover, these three masks are also fed to the topology preserving module, which extracts the high-level topological features with a pretrained VGG-19 backbone \cite{Simonyan2014VeryDC}. The extracted features are further used to construct a triplet loss that tries to narrow the feature distance between the ground-truth mask and the generated mask.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=11.0cm,height=6.2cm]{paper1017_figure/fig1.pdf}
\caption{Architecture of the proposed framework, including a generator based on U-Net, a topology ranking discriminator and a topology preserving module with triplet loss.}
\label{fig_Framework}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Topology Ranking Discriminator}

In this paper, the discriminator adopts the PatchGAN structure \cite{isola2017image} and contains six convolutional layers. Input to the discriminator is conditioned by concatenating the input images and the A/V masks, so as to ensure that the generated masks are relevant to the corresponding original image content.

Instead of using a typical discriminator which distinguishes the real masks (ground-truth) from the fake ones (the segmented masks), we propose a topology ranking discriminator to rank the level of topology connectivity for the masks. In order to enrich potential connectivity levels and synthesize a mask with low topology connectivity, we intentionally shuffle the ground-truth mask by removing part of the vessels, shifting the position of vessel segments or exchanging the A/V labels for randomly selected regions. This random shuffle procedure is repeated until 5-25$\%$ of the vessel pixels shuffled away from the ground-truth vessels, so as to ensure that the shuffled mask has a lower level of topology connectivity compared with the generated mask. Afterwards, we have three different levels of topology connectivity ranked in descending order as: the ground-truth mask, the generated mask and the shuffled mask, as demonstrated in Fig. \ref{fig_topoRank}.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=11.5cm]{paper1017_figure/fig2.pdf}
	\caption{Different levels of topology connectivity for artery/vein classification. Red denotes arteries, blue for veins and green for the cross-overs. (a) Original color fundus image; (b) ground-truth mask with highest level of topology connectivity; (c) model prediction with median level of topology connectivity; (d) shuffled ground-truth mask with lowest level of topology connectivity.}
	\label{fig_topoRank}
\end{figure}

In order to preserve the ranking information contained in the three different classes, ordinal classification \cite{frank2001simple} is adopted to rank the three categories. For a simple yet effective implementation of the ordinal classification, the ordinal labels can be transferred to a multi-label classification problem with two individual labels: shuffled mask $ y_1: [0, 0]$, generated mask $y_2:  [1, 0]$ and ground-truth mask $ y_3: [1, 1]$. The first element indicates whether the mask topology is better than the shuffled mask, and the second denotes whether the mask topology is better than the generated mask. The discriminator can then be optimized with:

\begin{equation}
\label{equ1}
\begin{aligned}
\mathcal{L}^D_{adv} = & \mathbb{E}_{L_s, y_1} [- y_1 \cdot log D(x,L_s ) ] + \\
& \mathbb{E}_{G(x), y_2} [- y_2 \cdot log D(x,G(x)) ] + \\
& \mathbb{E}_{L, y_3} [- y_3 \cdot log D(x,L ) ],
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $x$ denotes the input image, and $L_s, G(x), L$ represent the shuffled mask, generated mask and ground-truth mask, respectively. By minimizing this objective, the discriminator $D$ learns to rank the topology connectivity levels.

When updating the generator, the optimization target is to encourage the generated mask to have the highest level of topology and fool the discriminator, with the adversarial loss as below:
\begin{equation}
\label{equ2}
\mathcal{L}^G_{adv} = \mathbb{E}_{x, y_3} [- y_3 \cdot log D(x,G(x) ) ] .
\end{equation}

\subsection{Topology Preserving Module with Triplet Loss}

Pixel-wise losses, including the binary cross entropy loss and L1/L2 loss, can only measure the low-level pixel-wise difference between the segmented mask and the ground-truth,  which often fail to measure the high-level topology difference. Therefore, we propose to calculate the distance of features extracted by a pretrained model, which is expected to contain high-level topological information \cite{mosinska2018beyond}. In this paper, a VGG-19 backbone pretrained on ImageNet is adopted to extract the feature maps. A triplet loss is further proposed to narrow the feature distance between the ground-truth mask and the generated mask.

For the triplet loss configuration, the ground-truth mask $L$ is selected as the anchor exemplar, the generated mask $G(x)$ as the positive exemplar and the shuffled mask $L_s$ as the negative exemplar.
The triplet loss is defined as:
\begin{equation}
\label{equ8}
L_{triplet} = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^{N} max \left ( d_{1}^i - d_{2}^i + \alpha, 0 \right ),
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is the margin hyper-parameter and set to 1 by default in this research; $N$ denotes the total number of network layers where we extract feature maps from. In this paper $N$ is 4 and feature maps are extracted from the ReLU layers of the $2^{nd}, 4^{th}, 6^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ convolutional blocks.
$d_1^i$ and $d_2^i$ represent the distance of anchor-positive and anchor-negative pairs for the $i^{th}$ layer of the feature extraction network, and can be obtained with:

\begin{equation}
\label{equ4}
d_1^i= \frac{1}{C_i W_i H_i}||\mathcal{F}_i (L)-\mathcal{F}_i (G(x)) ||_2^2,
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{equ5}
d_2^i= \frac{1}{C_i W_i H_i}||\mathcal{F}_i (L)-\mathcal{F}_i (L_s) ||_2^2,
\end{equation}
where $C_i,W_i,H_i$ denote the channel number, width and height, respectively, for the feature maps of the $i^{th}$ layer; $\mathcal{F}_i$ denotes the mapping function for the $i^{th}$ model layer.

\subsection{Generator Loss Function}

In order to optimize the generator, the widely adopted cross entropy loss is utilized to optimize the pixel-level difference between the generated mask and the ground-truth mask.
Meanwhile, the adversarial loss and triplet loss are also used to optimize the high-level topological information for the generated mask. The final loss for the generator network is the weighted combination of all three losses:
\begin{equation}
\label{equ6}
L_G= L_{BCE} + \lambda_1 L_{adv}^G + \lambda_2 L_{triplet},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{equ7}
L_{BCE}=-\sum_{c=1}^{3} \mu_{c}  L_{c} \log (G(x)),
\end{equation}
where $c$ denotes the $c^{th}$ class of the output; the weights of vessel, artery and vein are denoted as $\mu_{c}$ and empirically set as 0.4, 0.3 and 0.3, respectively; $\lambda_1$ and $\lambda_2$ are the hyper-parameters to control the relative importance of each loss compared to the binary cross entropy loss and empirically set as 0.2 and 0.1, respectively.

\section{Experimental Results}

The proposed model is trained and tested on the publicly available datasets, including the AV-DRIVE dataset \cite{Hu2013_drive} and INSPIRE-AVR dataset \cite{INSPIRE2011}. The AV-DRIVE dataset contains 20 training images and 20 test images with the dimension of $584\times565$ pixels and a field-of-view of 45 degrees. Pixel-wise annotation of artery and vein is provided by AV-DRIVE. Besides, we have also tested the model on the INSPIRE-AVR dataset, which contains 40 fundus images with the dimension of $2048 \times 2392$ pixels and a field-of-view of 30 degrees. Since only the A/V labels of vessel centerline are provided, we cannot train or fine-tune the model on the INSPIRE-AVR dataset. Result reported for INSPIRE-AVR in this paper is obtained by direct model inference for all of the 40 images.

During the training stage, patches with the dimension of $256\times 256$ pixels are randomly extracted from the fundus images and fed to the network. In the test stage, we extract the ordered patches at the stride of 50 and then stitch the corresponding predictions together to obtain final results. All experiments are performed on an NVIDIA Tesla P40 GPU with 24 GB of memory. The generator and discriminator are optimized alternatively with the Adam optimizer for the maximum of 30,000 iterations and a batch size of 4. The initial learning rate is set as $2\times10^{-4}$ and halved every 7,000 iterations.

\subsection{Ablation Studies}

Detailed ablation studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different modules in the proposed framework, including the topology ranking discriminator (TR-D) and the topology preserving module with the triplet loss (TL). In addition, in order to better assess the advantage of the proposed topology ranking discriminator against general discriminators (GD) that distinguishes the real from fake masks, related experiments have also been performed. In order to compare the proposed model under the same criteria with other methods in the literature, A/V classification performance is evaluated on the segmented vessel pixels with three metrics, including accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Sen) and specificity (Spec). By treating arteries as positives and veins as negatives, Sen and Spec reflect the model's capability of detecting arteries and veins, respectively. Although the existing methods evaluated the A/V classification performance on the segmented vessels only, we evaluate the performance on all the ground truth artery/vein pixels, which is a relatively  stricter criterion than that on the segmented vessels, since the classification of major vessels is comparatively an easier task if capillary vessels are not segmented.

As listed in Table \ref{tab_ablation}, general discriminator improves the accuracy of A/V classification by 2.4\%, indicating the effectiveness of adversarial learning for the A/V classification task. Compared with the general discriminator, the topology-ranking discriminator exploits the ranking information in three different levels of topological connectivity maps by using ordinal classification. When the topology-ranking discriminator is adopted, the accuracy of A/V classification is improved by 3.23\%, which is higher than the general discriminator. This indicates the advantage of the proposed topology ranking discriminator over the general discriminator for the A/V classification task. Moreover, when integrating the topology preserving module with the triplet loss, the accuracy of A/V classification is increased by 3.12\% over the baseline. Finally, the proposed method with the topology ranking discriminator and the triplet loss module achieves the best performance for A/V classification with an accuracy of 95.46\%.

\begin{table}[!t]
	\centering
	\caption{The ablation study results of artery/vein classification ($\%$).}
	\label{tab_ablation}

	\begin{tabular}{p{1cm}<{\centering}p{1cm}<{\centering}p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1.8cm}<{\centering}|p{1.8cm}<{\centering}|p{1.8cm}<{\centering}}
		\hline
		\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Combination}&\multicolumn{3}{c}{A/V Classification}\\  \hline

		GD & TR-D & TL &   Acc  & Sen & Spec  \\ \hline
		 &  & & 	91.61&	90.94 & 	92.25 \\
		\checkmark &  &  &  94.01 &	93.83 &	94.25  \\
	    &\checkmark  &  & 94.84	& 94.33	& 95.40   \\
	     &  & \checkmark &  94.73 &	94.30 &	95.25   \\
		 &\checkmark  &\checkmark  & \textbf{95.46} &	\textbf{94.53}	& \textbf{96.31} \\ \hline

	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Fig. \ref{RepResult} shows a representative result of the proposed model against that of the baseline. The proposed method has remarkably improved the topological connectivity of the arteries and veins, and thus achieved much better A/V classification result, as manifested in the enlarged views in the bottom row.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width = 12cm]{paper1017_figure/fig3.pdf}
	\caption{Comparison of model performance of the baseline and the proposed method. (a) Ground truth; (b) baseline model; (c) proposed method.}
	\label{RepResult}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparison with State-of-the-Art}

\begin{table}[!h]
	\centering
	\caption{Performance comparison ($\%$) of A/V classification on the AV-DRIVE and INSPIRE-AVR datasets.}\label{tab_comparison}
	\begin{tabular}{c|p{1.1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}|p{1cm}<{\centering}}
		\hline
		{} & &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{AV-DRIVE}&\multicolumn{3}{c}{INSPIRE-AVR}\\
		\cline{3-8}
		Methods&  Type & Acc& Sen  & Spec & Acc & Sen & Spec \\
		\hline
		Dashtbozorg \textit{et al.}(2014)  \cite{dashtbozorg_automatic_2014} &  & 87.4 & 90.0 & 84.0 &84.9 &91.0 &86.0 \\
		Estrada \textit{et al.}(2015) \cite{estrada_retinal_2015}&  & 93.5 & 93.0 & 94.1 &90.9 &91.5 &90.2 \\

		Zhao \textit{et al.}(2019) \cite{zhao2019retinal} & Graph & 93.5 &94.2  & 92.7 &96.4 &96.8 &95.7\\
		Srinidhi \textit{et al.}(2019) \cite{srinidhi2019automated} &  & 94.7 & \textbf{96.6} & 92.9 & \textbf{96.8} & \textbf{96.9} & 96.6 \\
		\cline{1-8}
		Xu \textit{et al.}(2018) \cite{xu2018simultaneous} &  & 90.0 &-  & - &79.2 &- &-\\
		Ma \textit{et al.}(2019)  \cite{ma2019multi} & DL & 94.5 & 93.4 & 95.5 & 91.6 & 92.4 & 91.3 \\   \cline{3-8}
		\textbf{Proposed(GT)$^*$ } & & 95.46 &	94.53	& 96.31 & - & - & - \\
		\textbf{Proposed$^\dagger$ } & & \textbf{96.29} &	95.28 &	\textbf{97.14}	& 93.40 & 89.05 & \textbf{97.29}     \\ \hline

		\multicolumn{8}{l}{\footnotesize{$*$: A/V classification performance is evaluated on the ground-truth vessel pixels;}} \\
		\multicolumn{8}{l}{\footnotesize{$\dagger$: A/V classification performance is evaluated on the segmented vessel pixels;}} \\

	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Table \ref{tab_comparison} lists the A/V classification performance comparison between the proposed framework and related methods in the literature for both AV-DRIVE and INSPIRE-AVR datasets. Among the compared research works, the methods proposed by Xu \textit{et al.} \cite{xu2018simultaneous} and Ma \textit{et al.} \cite{ma2019multi} are deep learning based, which predict the artery and vein maps simultaneously; meanwhile the rest \cite{dashtbozorg_automatic_2014,estrada_retinal_2015,zhao2019retinal,srinidhi2019automated} are graph based methods, which extract the individual vessel tree structures first and then classify vessels into arteries and veins via a multi-step strategy. When evaluating under the same criteria with existing methods, the proposed method achieves an A/V classification accuracy of 96.29\% for the AV-DRIVE dataset, with a remarkable margin of 1.59\% over the current state-of-the-art method \cite{srinidhi2019automated}.

For the INSPIRE-AVR dataset, when comparing with deep learning based methods under the same evaluation criteria without fine-tuning, the proposed framework surpasses the methods proposed by Xu \textit{et al.} \cite{xu2018simultaneous} and Ma \textit{et al.} \cite{ma2019multi}, with an accuracy improvement of 14.2\% and 1.8\% respectively, indicating the generalization capability of the proposed model. However, when compared to the graph based methods, the performance of the proposed method is not as good as that of Zhao \textit{et al.} \cite{zhao2019retinal} and Srinidhi \textit{et al.} \cite{srinidhi2019automated}. This is primarily resulted by the fact that both of the two aforementioned methods are trained and tested on the INSPIRE-AVR dataset, meanwhile the proposed method is only trained on AV-DRIVE and then predicts on INSPIRE-AVR without further training or fine-tuning. Since the INSPIRE-AVR dataset is quite different from the AV-DRIVE dataset in terms of image color, resolution and field-of-view, it is reasonable that the performance is not as good as that on the AV-DRIVE dataset.

\section{Conclusion}

In this paper, we proposed a novel framework with topology ranking GAN and topology preserving triplet loss for the retinal artery/vein classification task. The proposed framework takes advantage of the topological connectivity of arteries and veins, to further improve the A/V classification performance. Detailed ablation and comparison studies on two publicly available datasets validated the effectiveness of the proposed method, which has achieved state-of-the-art performance on the AV-DRIVE dataset with a remarkable margin over the current best method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research that tries to exploit topology information for A/V classification with deep learning based frameworks.

On the basis of the current research, future work will continue to explore the feasibility of a fully automated vascular parameter quantization system, which is expected to facilitate the clinical biomarker study of how various cardiovascular and cerebral diseases affect the retinal vessels.

\subsubsection{Acknowledgment}
This work was funded by the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2018B010111001), National Key Research and Development Project (No. 2018YFC2000702), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91959108), and Science and Technology Program of Shenzhen, China (No. ZDSYS201802021814180)

\footnotesize
\bibliographystyle{splncs04}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
A Raisin In The Sun (2008)
Directed By: Kenny Leon
Written By: Paris Qualles (teleplay)
Golden Globe Nomination – Best TV movie
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Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Phylicia Rashad)
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Outstanding Made for Television Movie
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Nominated for 6 NAACP Image Awards, winning 3, including Outstanding Television Movie
COPYRIGHT 2018 ZADAN/MERON PRODUCTIONS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Craig Zadan and Neil Meron are the producers of critically acclaimed and award-winning feature films, television movies, series and Broadway productions.
Zadan/Meron Productions | Universal City, CA


text:
Home » Destinations » North America & Caribbean » Back on the beat, and the beach, at the Grand Bahia Principe el Portillo
Back on the beat, and the beach, at the Grand Bahia Principe el Portillo
I checked into the all-inclusive Grand Bahia Principe el Portillo in Samana, Dominican Republic, in mid-June, marking my first Caribbean trip, my first flights and my first nights away from home in 15 months.
Masks were everywhere, from Joel and his staff who greeted me at the front desk to the bellhop who delivered my bags, the cleaning staff I passed enroute to my room and the wait staff at the Fish Market restaurant for dinner — although chef Juan Carlos took off his mask when he came out of the kitchen to introduce himself.
The grouper I had that night was delicious. "Fresh caught today," chef Carlos told me.
The 604-room resort, set on the Samana peninsula that juts out of the northeastern shore of the Dominican Republic, fronts the blue waters of Samana Bay, which eventually spills into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Grand Bahia, which opened in 2006, is a sprawling, expansive property with four guestroom categories that range from standard rooms and family junior suites to family master suites and the top-of-the-line superior junior suites.
Due to Covid, the resort was closed from mid-March 2020 until Dec. 15, 2020. (Due to spikes in Covid cases, much of the Dominican Republic has been under a nighttime curfew in recent weeks, which runs from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. daily.)
• Where can I go? The latest entry requirements for Caribbean travel
While business is slowly rebuilding, the occupancy when I was there in mid-June was close to 60%, according to Mercedes Moreno, sales manager.
The resort never seemed crowded, and there were always plenty of chaises at the pool areas and beach chairs on the sand.
The spa was open, the kids' club and teen club had several customers, the waterpark was busy and the bar near the pool did a bang-up job serving hot and iced Dominican coffee as well as a potent signature rum punch.
All guestrooms have balconies or patios and the usual range of amenities, from a minibar restocked daily (soft drinks, water and Presidente beer) to free WiFi, rainfall showerheads, satellite TV, coffeemakers and separate seating areas.
My balcony was roomy and provided fresh breezes at night along with a beautiful view of the lit pool and beach areas. The bathroom was large, with abundant towels, a double basin, a separate tub and walk-in shower and a private bidet and toilet area. The marble floors, however, made me nervous that I would slip in a puddle of water.
Covid-consciousness prompted the resort to remove paper products such as notepads by the phone and instructions for the TV and thermostat settings, not to mention the customary robes and slippers. It was a bit frustrating, as the only alternative to getting the TV and thermostat to work was to flag down a staffer to assist you.
• Related: A freshened-up Bahia Principe Grand Tulum reopens
Also due to Covid, the restaurants had no silverware, no water glasses or salt and pepper shakers on the tables when I sat down. I accessed menus via a QR code while a masked waiter stood by to take it all down.
Although not all the restaurants had reopened when I was there, I was able to dine at the Italian and Greek venues and had breakfast at the all-day El Limon buffet restaurant, in addition to my dinner at the Fish Market.
During my stay, resort guests and staff were a-buzz about the filming nearby of the "Lost City of D," described as a romantic action-adventure comedy starring Brad Pitt and Sandra Bullock. Filming was taking place throughout the province of Samana, and I saw huge lights and clusters of film crews along some of the roadways.
A production crew had taken over several blocks of rooms at the Bahia Principe and ate at one of the the resort's restaurants, reserved solely for their dining use. The top stars bedded down at the nearby luxury Casa de Campo resort a few kilometers away.
At dinner one evening, Germania Guzman, wedding and events group manager, got a text from a couple in the U.S. confirming their September wedding at the resort.
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"We've had two weddings so far this year, three booked in September and now a fourth is booked for the same month," Guzman said. "Business is coming back."
The portfolio of Bahia Principe Hotels & Resorts, the hotel chain of the Spanish family-owned Grupo Pinero company, today includes 20 all-inclusive resorts in the region (14 in the Dominican Republic, two in Jamaica and four in the Riviera Maya in Mexico) representing 11,719 rooms.
Bahia Principe enhances its agent loyalty program
Montage Los Cabos launches PADI dive program
Introducing the 1 in 10 Project
Prepared for the cold
Rivers' low water levels can be your opportunity to shine: Travel Weekly
Egypt court cancels ban on Dubai's Careem, Uber
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Discovering the mysteries of the Great Lakes by ship and SUBMARINE


text:
Classroom Corner
Girls Know How All-Stars
GETT Confident!
With every new generation of young women, we see an advance in mindset that brings them one step closer to true freedom when it comes to choosing whatever careers they want. But recently I saw a shift so dramatic that I was truly rocked by it.
I was in a gymnasium filled with 500 girls from 100 schools from around Philadelphia. They were doing everything from building circuit boards, to designing rollercoasters, extracting DNA and creating mobile apps. It's an annual event called Girls Exploring Tomorrow's Technology (GETT) that's designed to stimulate curiosity in girls as they interact with women role models in a variety of sci-tech careers. In a single day, the girls become exposed to careers they didn't even know existed. And they learn how technology is applied in everyday life. The curiosity they showed was in itself inspiring, but even more so:
When faced with a problem, each girl attacked it with total confidence.
In an age where we hear of helicopter parents who resolve every problem for their children, and millennials who supposedly take no initiative, these girls didn't hesitate or battle an inner demon of intimidation when they encountered problems – they just solved them!
Achieving that mindset is a real game changer for a young person, especially for girls – because when you're not waffling from within about whether you're capable of tackling a problem, you can focus all that energy on actually solving it instead. Not only does that put girls on an even playing field with boys, it makes them more eager to show up to the game, participate and speak up without fear of failure, and gain the confidence to call the shots.
That doesn't mean young women should be "just like the boys" when it comes to problem solving. It does mean that girls will thrive and gain confidence when we encourage them to stretch out of their comfort zones, participate in challenging activities and identify with female role models. This year at GETT, I saw it, and I can tell you…these girls GOT it!
GETT is a program of the Innovative Technology Action Group (ITAG), an initiative of the Chester County Economic Development Council, and is driven by the volunteer efforts of numerous public, private and educator organizations, along with public and private investments. For more info, visit www.ccedcpa.com
Holiday Gift List: Best Girl Power Books of 2020
Equitable Treatment On and Off the Court
Redefining #GirlPower
Zulily and Girls Know How® Team Up for Take Our Daughters and Sons To Work® Day April 28 With an Exclusive Book Set and Tips
"What do you want to be when you grow up? It's a question we have all been asked. When I was young, there were many careers I dreamed of, but I couldn't imagine how to turn those dreams into reality."
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The Girls Know How series was named among the best in family-friendly media, receiving the Gold Award for Juvenile Level 2 Books ages 9-12 from the Mom's Choice Awards®.
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The trade deadline-driven contract negotiations with Dan Girardi and Ryan Callahan were instructive to Marc Staal, who could be in the very same position as an impending free agent next year but sure isn't savoring the possibility.
"I saw those two guys go through it with the negotiations and all of the rumors that are impossible to avoid if you're on the last year of your contract, and it's not something I really want to go through," Staal told The Post on Sunday following the Rangers' buttoned-down 3-0 victory over the Red Wings at the Garden.
General manager Glen Sather sure didn't make it a priority to take care of business last summer, allowing talks to bleed into and through the season with not only Girardi and Callahan, but also with Henrik Lundqvist, whose extension was not completed until early December.
It is bad business, fraught with peril. The Rangers are to be commended as a team for not allowing the talk with and surrounding Blueblood cornerstones Girardi and Callahan to derail them. They stuck to it, even with a month's worth of rumors circulating around them before Girardi signed a six-year extension and Callahan was dealt to Tampa Bay as part of the package for Martin St. Louis.
Sather must make Staal Priority 1 of the offseason. Everyone understands the pull of Carolina, where Staal's brothers Eric and Jordan play. The Rangers must find out as quickly as possible if Marc, in his seventh year in New York, wants to become a lifer or instead has his sights on joining his siblings upon reaching free agency in 2015.
If it is the former, if Marc wants to stay, then Sather must act on completing a long-term contract for this franchise cornerstone — and, perhaps, next captain — that will all but certainly be in the $5.5-$6 million range per season, no ifs, ands or buts about it because that is his worth in the marketplace.
If it is the latter, if Marc intends to skedaddle, then Sather must act on completing an offseason trade with Carolina for a price as equitable as possible, given the circumstances.
Staal was outstanding in 21:56 of ice in Sunday's victory, in strong position throughout, and moving the puck cleanly and crisply in a match the Rangers dominated territorially throughout Henrik Lundqvist's 49th career shutout (tying Ed Giacomin's franchise record) and 300th career victory. Indeed, the Blueshirts were nearly pristine in their work away from the puck on the entire 200 x 85.
It was Staal's best game in the five matches since the Olympic break. The shame of it is, there should have been no break for Staal. He should have been in Sochi with Team Canada. There is little doubt he would have been there had he not sustained that Dec. 7 concussion that sidelined him for 10 games just when team management was making its final judgments. Staal had only been back in the lineup for four games when Team Canada was selected.
"It sucked," said Staal, who became an alternate, on stand-by in case of injury. "I have to be honest — [not making the team] really sucked.
"And then I was off for a few weeks and blew out my back in our first practice. This game was the best I felt by far with my legs and my energy.
Hopefully from the Rangers' perspective, Sather will make it a priority to act on Staal sooner rather than later. Much sooner than the usual.


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For over 15 years I've gone through systematic harassment by police. This harassment uses the dates on my separation papers along with the number games to target me. Needless to say once you've read through this section you will see why police never got back to me about my father's murder.
The crimes in my life come in peaks and valleys. The peaks are when major building is going on and the valleys are like now where its continued harassment from police using the same pattern as when the peaks come around. And the media games have pretty much been continuous for the most part. I don't have to go looking for any of this because it always finds me. That's because it generates vast amounts of money.
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness is just one of the things I've been denied as a result of this targeted harassment. I also haven't seen cops and others going to prison for their part in the crimes of my life.
Isn't it interesting how police know to use the unique pattern that was used by terrorist in their attacks.