text:
The North Korean Threat and 'High Intensity War"
By Ed Timperlake and Robbin Laird
The United States has fought relatively slow-motion wars or "slo mo," land wars for more than a decade and a half. This does not mean American and Allied combat troops have not experienced the violence and threats commiserate with engaging against a nasty and skilled enemy.
It does mean that the tool sets and concepts of operations are very different and harken back to wars prior to this generation of warfighters.
Not since the Vietnamese War has the United States Military really had a peer-to-peer technologically adept opponent.
And during that war, the Vietnamese put U.S. pilots clearly in harm's way by shaping their own version of multiple means of trying to destroy U.S. aircraft. From flying capable Russian fighters, the Mig-21J was actually a more advanced close in fighter then the F-4J. But perhaps the biggest deadly surprise was North Vietnam's Air Defense Artillery capability, from the ground up. Whether facing guns or missiles, or enemy fighters for US pilots the sky over Vietnam was a very deadly place to be.
After the war in Hanoi in 1994, Ed Timperlake was able to meet some Vietnamese Army Air Defense (ADA) commanders. In 1994 the war was over so when they expressed their Air Defense pride at in defending their country, I listened intently. After all the Vietnam Air Defense mission had been the most technologically adept fighting force in that combat domain for the 20th Century. It is often said by experienced "Asia Hands," never underestimate the Peoples Republic of China for they are very clever, but underestimate the Vietnamese at ones mortal peril for they are very smart.
With their national capital attacked from the sky, North Vietnam's Air Force embraced the Soviet interceptor con-ops of rigid Ground Control Intercept (GCI) doctrine, until they learned from practice that the approach did not work effectively.
Soviet GCI doctrine was what could be called today in the American Military as "kill chain linear" thinking,.
http://www.sldinfo.com/the-us-vs-ussr-in-tacair-lessons-learned-from-a-hot-cold-war/
At the height of the air war over Vietnam, successful Vietnam fighter pilots followed a very different approach Being very smart and combat adaptable the North Vietnamese evolved into what today would be called "Kill Webs" concept of fighting. The term wasn't exactly in their language as "Giết Webs" but sadly for a lot of fellow American combat aviators they had success.
As one source characterized the Vietnamese approach to dealing with American airpower:
The threats had a synergistic effect. The small arms and automatic weapons fire drove the aircraft out of the low altitude arena to higher altitudes where other AAA, SAMs, and enemy fighters were more effective.
At the same time, the heavier AAA, SAMs, and fighters drove the aircraft back down to lower altitudes where those threats were less effective but the small arms fire was murderous. But the most effective North Vietnamese air defense had always been weather.
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/vietnam/nva-ad.htm
The North Vietnamese created an integrated air defense system focusing on rapid interconnected Target Acquisition and then executed Target Engagement by empowering the kill shot being made by different "payloads" guns, exploding flack, missiles and fighters to protect their homeland. There approach was to focus on payload-utility by the kill web, rather than a hierarchical kill chain.
http://www.sldinfo.com/shaping-a-way-ahead-to-prepare-for-21st-century-conflicts-payload-utility-capabilities-and-the-kill-web/
There were several "take-aways" from Ed Timperlake's conversations in Hanoi 1994 when he was representing the Vietnam Children's Fund in building the first of now fifty one schools pro bono:
The officers and troops manning both Air Defense Artillery Batteries and Missile launch sites were highly selected troops, especially the officers. Often both skilled and sons of North Vietnamese Military/Political leadership class.
The Russians (Soviet Union) did not hesitate to allow the Vietnamese access to their state-of-the art systems. PLA military equipment considered "modern" wasn't.
The Russian "tattle-tale" ships present in the middle of the US 7th Fleet Yankee Station, chasing the carrier tracks for launching "Alpha Strikes" (as many aircraft heading feet wet as possible) were invaluable sources of strategic and tactical advanced warning.
The Vietnamese ADA commanders perfected not only radar tracking of both arty and SAM guidance but they also knew when to not put signals in space.
The Soviet Union Interceptor/Fighter engagement strategy, of much more rigid Ground Control Intercepts was a real weakness during the Cold War.
The flexibility of having an integrated ADA doctrine, both active and passive was very successful inside a total Air Defense Umbrella was effective and actually avoided fratricide.
They recognized U.S. Air Power was a war winning deciding factor which required them to shift from the Soviet kill chain approach to their early version of the kill web.
http://www.sldinfo.com/building-schools-in-vietnam-vietnam-veterans-contribute-to-vietnams-future/
It was also evident from their perspective that U.S. domestic politics during the Vietnam War was the asymmetrical weakness to be exploited ultimately leading to the NVA Flag being raised over Saigon in April 1975.
It is not just about the technology; it is also about the political dynamic within which the technology is used which can shape a significant war winning strategy.
The nature of what it felt like to fly against the North Vietnamese "kill web" was captured in an interview we did with the leading USAF "Ace" of Vietnam Chuck De Bellevue.
And this sense of reality in dealing with a peer competitor needs to inform how we shape our way ahead in dealing with the challenge of peer competitors as we shift from a primary focus on the land wars.
Question: Chuck, did your raw gear and did your "tron" warfare (short for all electronic warfare capabilities) in those early days, useful both for a warning and in other ways such as disabling SA-2s and other missiles as far as a tracking solution?
Can you talk a little bit about that and what you had available in those days?
Answer: In the F-4 D model we had a 107. It provided good warning and it also saved my life a couple times.
Question: Was it visual and audio?
Answer: On the raw gear, it was yes. Audio gave me a rattlesnake in my headset.
If the missile was in the air the raw gear itself would start flashing at you.
And then we had a scope and if it was a missile in the air, you'd get a moving break in the strobe.
Question: All of this was coming into your eyes and ears. And then did you have to physically do something in a cockpit to activate any kind of countermeasures or was it just visual – calls to make turns break hard, break – how did you handle the engagement process?
How did the airplane handle it?
How did the "trons" handle it?
Answer: We usually kept our jamming pods in standby. There were repeater pods and they would talk if they heard anything. I didn't want anybody to know where I was. So we kept them in standby.
We had an occasion to go up to Yen Bai about 70 miles north of Hanoi. We used that as a holding point because Intel said there were no SAM sites there so you could see – on a clear day you could see the river.
One night, there was loop in the river that you could see it pretty easy. So we used to use that as our holding fix. And we loosened up the formation a little bit for me to kill ten minutes. So we loosened up the formation in this holding pattern and as soon as you rolled out going away the raw gear lit up – when I was sitting down in the cockpit doing something – probably planning on the next moves into Hanoi.
And all of a sudden I got a rattlesnake in my headset, raw gear was flashing, and instead of looking up I reached down and turned both jammers from standby to on as I'm looking up.
And had I done it the other way around looking up first I wouldn't have been here, in between me and three, and there was just about enough room to put a missile between us.
It was an SA2; and that missile was followed by his buddy. And you know how things slow down in combat–Well, I could see their designation on the side of the missile. I couldn't read it but I could see it.
Question: Are you saying you're over an area that Intel said that there were no active SAMs?
Answer: Yes but they had mobile SAMs back then. They moved two mobile SAM sites in the bay area and they locked them optically and kept them close to the ground. The missile is non-guided for the first six seconds.
After that the booster falls off and then the antenna is now able to receive signals. And at that point, they fished them up into us. And at that point they were right under us too.
But the decision time was in nanoseconds.
http://www.sldinfo.com/looking-back-and-looking-forward-for-the-future-of-airpower-a-discussion-with-chuck-debellevue-about-the-air-war-in-vietnam/
Now with a new administration in power, it is time to really focus again on peer-to-peer high intensity warfighting and how to prevail.
With this forceful return to having to think about how to prevail in a high intensity conflict that now includes much more complex global nuclear weapons threat, there is no gentle transition from "slo mo" to high intensity threats. We need to refocus now and time is very short.
A key element of preparing for the kind of threat posed by North Korea clearly has been missile defense. But missile defense by itself is not enough – there needs to be integrated C2 for the strike and defense force to deal with a state like North Korea.
C2 integration is crucial to allow for the U.S. National Command Authority to have options across the Pacific chessboard to shape the battlespace in order to prevail in times of conflict.
And to do so, requires integration among missile defense systems to provide for integrated solutions across the battlespace.
Adversary missile strikes cut across domains from strategic and tactical "defense" in protecting infrastructure and combat platforms in a classic defense strategy to a more proactive role to enabling more effective strike capabilities by the offensive forces. The challenge in the Pacific demands more and more ADA to enable offensive strike con-ops.
Integrated C2 across the missile defense domain allows for leveraging the particular strengths of individual systems but allows the Combatant Commander to mitigate weaknesses of any particular system in shaping a battlefield wide approach.
There is the need for essentially fixed point defense for facilities, such as airfields and other fixed targets up to and including defending strategic continuity of government sites.
But there is only so much hardening and dispersal that can be accomplished, and tragically there are many soft targets, which cannot be hardened.
This is the situation on the Korean Demilitarized Military Zone (DMZ), which on the North Korean side is anything but "demilitarized."
The issue of preemption is always on the table, but America really tries to avoid shooting first. A combat capable Air Force flying from protected air fields and Carriers can use air strikes to take out the adversary's missile strike force, but "surprise" launch is always a factor especially if not fully mobilized and "hot pad ready." The melding of active hardening with aviation "Hot Pad" ready aircraft as well as sea-based cruise missiles is something the American military does very well.
And U.S. Army ADA must be well positioned and ever ready. It is an insurance force that can be a real advantage in prevailing during a "high-intensity" initial engagement and in high intensity conflict the first actions can shape the outcomes.
During a visit by Robbin Laird to the Pacific in 2014, the importance of shaping integrated options and integrated C2 for the offensive-defensive enterprise was highlighted by the then PACAF Commander, "Hawk" Carlisle who later became head of the Air Combat Command and by the Commanding General of the 94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command, Brig. Gen. Daniel Karbler.
The two Generals underscored that there was clear imperative to integrate air and missile defense systems throughout the Pacific to enhance combat effectiveness.
According to General Carlisle: "The PACCOM Commander has put me in charge of how we are going to do integrated air and missile defense for the Pacific theater, which represents 52% of the world's surface. This is clearly a major challenge and is clearly both a joint and coalition operation."
In an earlier interview, Brigadier General Daniel Karbler, 94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command, highlighted that the task of the Army role within an integrated enterprise as follows:
The role of having active defense or an interceptor force is to buy time for [Lieutenant] General [Jan-Marc] Jouas (7th USAF Commander in the Pacific) or General [Hawk] Carlisle (the PACAF Commander) to more effectively determine how to use their airpower. It also allows the National Command Authority to determine the most effective way ahead with an adversary willing to strike US or allied forces and territory with missiles.
General Carlisle focused on the way ahead to achieve the overall integrated air and missile defense mission designed to achieve the objectives outlined by BG Karbler.
We are pursuing an approach that combines better integration of the sensors with the shooters with command and control.
Command and control are two words.
The way ahead is clearly a distributed force integrated through command and control whereby one develops distributed mission tactical orders (with well understood playbooks) reflecting the commander's directions and then to have the ability to control the assets to ensure that the sensors and shooters accomplish their mission.
http://www.sldinfo.com/the-pacaf-commander-and-reworking-pacific-defense-the-aor-will-become-a-caoc/
http://www.sldinfo.com/a-key-army-contribution-to-pacific-defense-the-evolving-missile-defense-mission/
The U.S. has deployed a number of key missile defense systems to enhance the capability to defend the force. This includes bringing THAAD to Guam; Pac-3 into Japan, Aegis deployed at sea theater wide. In fact, each of these systems – individually — has been highlighted by the US Department of Defense as part of the response to the North Korean threat.
http://www.sldinfo.com/thaad-on-guam/
http://www.sldinfo.com/japanese-and-us-pac-3-joint-training/
As important as these individual systems are in an of themselves, there is a key need to get on with integrated missile defense which then can be combined with the PACOM Commanders strike force to ensure maximum effectiveness against a real and present danger.
The importance of integrated C2 for a missile defense capability within an overall offensive-defensive enterprise could also be a key contributor to providing tools for a more effective political response to peer competitor threats.
Clearly, crisis management will be a key part of dealing with any challenge like North Korea.
If the National Command Authority has an integrated capability deployed throughout the Pacific this provides a range of options when working with allies, rather than having to rely on systems on allied territory which may or may not be available at the optimal time during a crisis.
In slow mo acquisition thinking, we can take years to get integration done; but with the arrival of a different era, one of peer competitors, and second nuclear age powers, such dragging of feet on building out integrated software solutions to shape a reliable common defense capability is a near term priority.
And because we are talking software upgradeability, whatever the near term capability which can be deployed, it can grow over time as the integration from the ground up further develops.
The US Army has been developing an Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System which clearly can provide for the foundation going forward; without such a system we are left with a Tower of Babel approach to integration which makes little sense in dealing either with the clear and present danger of North Korea or the threats from peer competitors or other Second Nuclear Age powers.
To deal with high intensity threats modernization needs to be combined with mobilization. By having several different locations of builders of missiles within the defense industrial complex geographically dispersed ensures the ability to ramp up missile production. This is a crucial part of getting ready to deal with a high tempo threat.
At the same time by working software commonality across the C2 system, the force commander can then leverage the diversity of launch systems to get a significant punch to the defensive part of the offensive defensive equation.
Cacophony in C2 systems needs to be replaced by an integrated software solution moving forward into which the different defensive launch systems can participate to give the combatant commander the kind of options he or she needs to deal with the near term or longer term threats.
The future is now; we need to move forward on integrated C2 for the defensive forces enabling the offensive-defensive enterprise.
The 100th Anniversary of the End of World War I
Pulling the Plug on the Endless War
Trident Juncture 2018 in Strategic Perspective
Norway and Trident Juncture 2018
German Ministry of Defence Looks at Germany's Strategic Future
High Intensity Combat Ops


text:
\section{Introduction}

The idea of quantum mechanics on graphs has been introduced in the last century. During the last 30 years, it has been developed into a powerful tool for the study of particles on tiny graph-like structures \cite{EKST08}. Since a graph is a one-dimensional variety, the analysis of a particle on a graph consists in solving a system of \emph{ordinary} differential equations, which makes the graph models simple from the mathematical point of view. Therefore, quantum mechanics on graphs can serve also as a useful laboratory for the study of various complex quantum phenomena in a simple setting.

Here we examine the influence of the topology of quantum graphs on spectral properties, taking inspiration from the works \cite{BB95} and \cite{SW12}. We may regard that the topology change mimics a macroscopic or violent variation of systems, e.g., the rupture and connection of quantum wires. We will show that a parametric evolution of an eigenenergy may form an open trajectory along a cycle involving the topology changes of graphs. If this is the case, the trajectory of the corresponding eigenspace also forms an open cycle. Such a discrepancy of eigenobjects is called quantum anholonomy \cite{BE84, WZ84, CT09}.

\section{The Model}

\begin{figure}[h]
\center\includegraphics[width=4.0cm]{g1.pdf}
\caption
{\label{fig1}
A closed quantum graph with an $n=4$ singular vertex.
}
\end{figure}

Let us consider a singular node with four outgoing one-dimensional lines of finite lengths.   Let the first two lines be sticked together at their outer endpoints to form a ring of length $L_1$, and likewise, the second two lines be sticked together at their outer endpoints to form a ring of length $L_2$, giving the whole object the shape of the character ``$\infty$'' (Fig.~\ref{fig1}).  We assume there is no potential on the lines outside the central vertex. Therefore, a quantum particle confined to this object moves freely on the lines, and the only non-trivial part of the system is the connection condition of the wave function at the node.

We assign the coordinates $x_1 \in [0,L_1]$ and $x_2 \in [0,L_2]$  to the left and the right ring. The values $x_1=0$ and $x_2=0$ correspond to the inner endpoints 1 and 3, respectively, whereas the values $L_1$ and $L_2$ correspond to the inner endpoints 2 and 4, see Fig.~\ref{fig1}.
The behavior of a particle in the central vertex of degree $4$ is determined by a boundary condition in the vertex. The general form of a boundary condition in a vertex of degree $n$ follows from the study of self-adjoint extensions of the Laplacian operator on a graph. The boundary condition consists of $n$ equations connecting the boundary values and derivatives that can be written in the form \cite{KS99}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ee1}
A \Psi + B \Psi' = 0 ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Psi$, $\Psi'$ are vectors formed from the values of the wave function in the vertex and from its derivatives (taken in the outgoing sense), respectively, and $A$ and $B$ are $n\times n$ complex matrices with the property
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ee2}
\quad AB^\dagger = B A^\dagger \qquad\text{and}\qquad \mathrm{rank}(A|B)=n
\end{eqnarray}
with $(A|B)$ denoting the $n\times2n$ matrix composed from the columns of the matrices $A$ and $B$.
For the graph depicted in Figure~\ref{fig1}, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\Psi =  \begin{pmatrix} \psi_1(0) \\  \psi_1(L_1) \\ \psi_2(0)  \\ \psi_2(L_2) \end{pmatrix},
\quad
\Psi' =  \begin{pmatrix} \psi'_1(0) \\  -\psi'_1(L_1) \\ \psi'_2(0)  \\ -\psi'_2(L_2) \end{pmatrix} .
\end{eqnarray}
In our model, we focus on a specific subset of all possible connection conditions (\ref{ee1}), namely
\begin{multline}\label{bc}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 & t \, b(\theta)  & t \, a(\theta) & s \, d(\theta)\\
 0  & 1-c(\theta) & 0 &  t \, a(\theta) \\
 0  & 0 & c(\theta) & t \, b'(\theta) \\
 0  & 0& 0 & 0  \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  0& 0 & 0 & 0\\
  -t\, b(\theta) & c(\theta) & 0 & 0  \\
   -t\, a(\theta) & 0&1-c(\theta) & 0\\
    -s\, d(\theta)& -t\, a(\theta) & -t\, b'(\theta) & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi
\end{multline}
where $t$ and $s$ are positive constants, and $a(\theta)$, $b(\theta)$, $b'(\theta)$, $c(\theta)$ and $d(\theta)$ are real periodic functions of $\theta$ with period $2\pi$ that vary within the range between $0$ and $1$.  In addition,
it can be easily shown that the functions must satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
a(\theta) \ne 0 \ \  \Rightarrow \ \  c(\theta)=0, \\
b(\theta), b'(\theta) \ne 0 \ \  \Rightarrow \ \  c(\theta)=1
\end{eqnarray}
for all $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$ in order that the matrices $A$, $B$ involved in the connection condition~\eqref{bc} obey (\ref{ee2}).

\subsection{Long Cycle}
At first we consider the boundary conditions~\eqref{bc} with functions $a(\theta)$, $b(\theta)$, $b'(\theta)$, $c(\theta)$ and $d(\theta)$ chosen as
\begin{align}
\label{locyc}
a(\theta) &= \cos\theta -\frac{1}{2} + \left| {\cos\theta -\frac{1}{2}} \right| ,
\nonumber \\
b(\theta) &= -\cos\theta -\frac{1}{2} + \left| {\cos\theta +\frac{1}{2}} \right| ,
\nonumber \\
b'(\theta) &= \frac{1}{4-2\sqrt{3}} \left\{ \sin\theta-\sqrt{3}\cos\theta -\sqrt{3} \right. \\
           & \qquad\qquad\qquad \left. - \left| {\sin\theta-\sqrt{3}\cos\theta -\sqrt{3}} \right| \right\} ,
\nonumber \\
c(\theta) &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-1}
 \left\{
   \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} -\frac{1}{2}
   + \left| { | \sin\frac{\theta}{2} | -\frac{1}{2} } \right| \right. \\
   & \qquad\qquad\qquad \left. - \left| { | \sin\frac{\theta}{2} | -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} } \right|
 \right\} ,
\nonumber \\
d(\theta) &= \frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}} \left\{ |\sin\theta|-\sin\theta +\sqrt{3} \right. \\
          & \qquad\qquad\qquad \left. - \left| {|\sin\theta|-\sin\theta -\sqrt{3}} \right| \right\} .
\end{align}
The graphs of these functions for $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$ are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig2}.
The interval $[0,2\pi]$ can be divided into six regions, in each of them the vector $(a(\theta),b(\theta),b'(\theta),c(\theta),d(\theta))$ has a different structure of zero and nonzero entries. As we show below, these regions correspond to mutually different topologies of the system. It extends the basic idea of parametric systems with a varying topology introduced in works of Balachandran {\it et. al.} \cite{BB95} and also in  \cite{SW12}. Our use of a single $n=4$ singular vertex makes the treatment more systematic and unified.

\begin{figure}[h]
\center\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{g2.pdf}
\caption
{\label{fig2}
Graphs of functions defined by~\eqref{locyc} for $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$.
}
\end{figure}

\paragraph*{Region I}
For $\theta\in[0,\frac{\pi}{3}]$, we have
\begin{multline}\label{I}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 &  & t\cdot a(\theta) & \\  & 1 &  &  t\cdot a(\theta) \\  &  &  &  \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  &  &  &   \\ -t\cdot a(\theta) & &1 & \\ & -t\cdot a(\theta) & & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where $ta(\theta)$ takes the value $t$ at $\theta=0$ and it continuously decreases down to $0$ at $\theta= \frac{\pi}{3}$.
With regard to the structure of~\eqref{I}, the endpoint 1 is joined to the endpoint 2 and the endpoint 3 is joined to the edpoint 4. On the other hand, the endpoints 1 and 2 are disjoint, so are 3 and 4. Therefore, the system is topologically equivalent to a single ring, see Fig.~\ref{fig3}.

\paragraph*{Region II}
For $\theta\in[\frac{\pi}{3},\frac{2\pi}{3}]$, we have
\begin{multline}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 &  &  & \\  & 1-c(\theta) &  &   \\  &  & c(\theta) &  \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  & c(\theta) &  &   \\  & & 1-c(\theta) & \\ &  & & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where we start with the value $c(\frac{\pi}{3})=0$  and continuously increase it up to $c(\frac{2\pi}{3})=1$.
Since all four inner endpoints are disjoint, the system is topologically equivalent to two separate lines.

\paragraph*{Region III}
For $\theta\in[\frac{2\pi}{3},\pi]$, we have
\begin{multline}\label{III}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 & t\cdot b(\theta) &  & \\  &  &  &   \\  &  & 1 & t\cdot b'(\theta) \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  -t\cdot b(\theta) & 1 &  &   \\  & &  & \\ &  & -t\cdot b'(\theta) & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where $tb(\theta)$ continuously increases from $tb(\frac{2\pi}{3})=0$ up to $tb(\pi)=t$, while $tb'(\theta)$ takes the value $tb'(\theta)=0$ at $\theta=\frac{2\pi}{3}$, continuously increases up to $t$ at $\theta= \frac{5\pi}{6}$ and comes down back to $0$ at $\theta= {\pi}$.
The connection condition~\eqref{III} implies disjoints endpoints 1 and 3, as well as 2 and 4, making the system topologically equivalent to two separate rings.

\paragraph*{Region IV}
For $\theta\in[\pi,\frac{4\pi}{3}]$, we have
\begin{multline}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 & t\cdot b(\theta) &  & s\cdot d(\theta)\\  &  &  &   \\  &  & 1 & \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  -t\cdot b(\theta)& 1 &  &   \\  & &  & \\ -s\cdot d(\theta) &  &  & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where $tb(\theta)$ continuously decreases from $tb(\frac{\pi}{2})=t$ to $tb(\frac{4\pi}{3})=0$, while
$sd(\theta)$ continuously increases from $sd(\frac{\pi}{2})=0$ up to $sd(\frac{4\pi}{3})=s$.
The system is topologically equivalent to a ring and a line connected at a single point since three of four endpoints, namely 1, 2 and 4, are connected in the node. Note that at the juncture of regions $III$ and $IV$, the system is topologically equivalent to a separated line and a ring.

\paragraph*{Region V}
For $\theta\in[\frac{4\pi}{3},\frac{5\pi}{3}]$, we have
\begin{multline}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 &  &  & s\\  & 1-c(\theta) &  &   \\  &  & c(\theta) &  \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  & c(\theta) &  &   \\  & &1-c(\theta) & \\ -s &  & & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where $c$ continuously decreases from $c(\frac{4\pi}{3})=1$ down to $c(\frac{5\pi}{3})=0$.
The system is topologically equivalent to a single line, since only endpoints 1 and 4 are connected, whereas 2 and 3 are disjoint.

\paragraph*{Region VI}
For $\theta\in[\frac{5\pi}{3},2\pi]$, we have
\begin{multline}
 \begin{pmatrix} 1 &  & t\cdot a(\theta) & s\cdot d(\theta)\\  & 1 &  &  t\cdot a(\theta) \\  &  &  &  \\  & &  &   \end{pmatrix} \Psi' \\ =
 \begin{pmatrix}  &  &  & \\  &  &  &   \\ -t\cdot a(\theta)& &1 & \\-s\cdot d(\theta) & -t\cdot a(\theta) & & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi ,
\end{multline}
where $ta(\theta)$ continuously increases from $ta(\frac{5\pi}{3})$ up to $ta(2\pi)=t$, while
$sd(\theta)$ continuously decreases from $sd(\frac{5\pi}{3})=s$ down to $sd(2\pi)=0$.
In this region, the system is topologically equivalent to two rings connected at a single point since all four endpoints are connected together at the central node.

\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{g3.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig3}
Cycle of topological changes corresponding to functions~\eqref{locyc}.
}
\end{figure}

Therefore, with the parameter change $\theta = 0 \to 2\pi$, seven distinct topologies are traversed in a continuous manner. The situation is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig3}.
The system is never identical for any two different values of $\theta$ in $[0,2\pi)$, because the the functions $a(\theta)$ to $d(\theta)$ form district combinations of patterns in all six regions.

\subsection{Short Cycle}
As an additional model, we consider a simplified parametric cycle represented by the boundary condition~\eqref{bc} with
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{shcyc}
&&\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!
a(\theta) = \frac{1}{2}\left(\cos\theta  + \left| {\cos\theta } \right|\right) ,
\nonumber \\
&&\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!
b(\theta) = b'(\theta) = 0,
\nonumber \\
&&\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!
c(\theta) = \frac{1}{2}\left(-\cos\theta  + \left| {\cos\theta } \right|\right) ,
\nonumber \\
&&\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!
d(\theta) = \frac{1}{2}\left(-\sin\theta  + \left| {\sin\theta } \right|\right) .
\end{eqnarray}
The graphs of these functions are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig4}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=5.0cm]{g4.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig4}
Graphs of functions defined by~\eqref{shcyc} for $\theta\in[0,2\pi]$.
}
\end{figure}
This system traverses four distinct segments in the parameter space of $\theta$, as $\theta$ runs from $0$ to $2\pi$. The segments correspond to four topologies, cf. Fig.~\ref{fig5}. Namely, a ring, two disjoint lines, a line attached to a ring, and two rings connected at a point.

\begin{figure}[h]
\center\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{g5.pdf}
\caption
{\label{fig5}
Cycle of topological changes corresponding to functions~\eqref{shcyc}.
}
\end{figure}

\section{Quantum anholonomy}

\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g6a.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g6b.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g6c.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig6}
Anholonomy as a result of the long cycle topology change for $t=0.1$, $s=1$. The ratio $L_1/L_2$ is chosen as the bronze mean (top), silver mean (middle) and golden mean (bottom).
}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g7a.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g7b.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g7c.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig7}
Anholonomy as a result of the long cycle topology change for $t=0.5$, $s=0.5$. The ratio $L_1/L_2$ is chosen as the bronze mean (top), silver mean (middle) and golden mean (bottom).
}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g9a.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g9b.pdf} \\
\includegraphics[width=4.9cm]{g9c.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig9}
Anholonomy as a result of the short cycle topology change for $t=0.5$, $s=0.5$. The ratio $L_1/L_2$ is chosen as the bronze mean (top), silver mean (middle) and golden mean (bottom).
}
\end{figure}

The system wave functions can be written in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_1(x_1) = \alpha_1 \sin k x_1 + \beta_1 \cos k x_1,
\nonumber \\
\psi_2(x_2) = \alpha_2 \sin k x_2 + \beta_2 \cos k x_2.
\end{eqnarray}
In this notation, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\Psi = U \begin{pmatrix} \alpha_1 \\ \beta_1 \\ \alpha_2 \\ \beta_2 \end{pmatrix},
\quad
\Psi' = k V \begin{pmatrix} \alpha_1 \\ \beta_1 \\ \alpha_2 \\ \beta_2 \end{pmatrix}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
 U = \begin{pmatrix}  & 1 &  & \\ \sin k L_1 & \cos k L_1 &  &   \\  &  &  & 1 \\  & &  \sin k L_2 & \cos k L_2   \end{pmatrix} ,
 \nonumber \\
 V = \begin{pmatrix} 1 &  &  & \\ -\cos k L_1 & \sin k L_1 &  &   \\  &  & 1 &   \\  & &  -\cos k L_2 & \sin k L_2   \end{pmatrix} .
\end{eqnarray}
The spectra of the system can be calculated from the secular equation
\begin{eqnarray}
|AU + k B V | = 0 .
\end{eqnarray}
It turns out that certain choices of $s,t$ and ratio $L_1/L_2$ result in a quantum anholonomy. Below we present the results, separately for the long and the short cycle.

\subsection{Long Cycle}

We first consider the long cycle of parameter change represented by (\ref{locyc}).
We performed a numerical calculation of the spectra of the system for six different settings of the parameters $s,t,L_1/L_2$. We studied two combinations of $s,t$, namely
\begin{itemize}
\item $t=0.1$, $s=1$,
\item $t=0.5$, $s=0.5$,
\end{itemize}
and for each of them, we considered three different ratios $L_1/L_2$ (with $L_1+L_2=1$), namely
\begin{itemize}
\item the golden mean $L_1/L_2=(1+\sqrt{5})/2$,
\item the silver mean $L_1/L_2=1+\sqrt{2}$,
\item the bronze mean $L_1/L_2=(3+\sqrt{13})/2$.
\end{itemize}

We explain the numerical result shown in Figure \ref{fig6}. The spectra have period $2\pi$ as a function of $\theta$. This is because all the Hamiltonians are $2\pi$ periodic by construction. On the other hand, however, some wavenumber do not have the $2\pi$ periodicity. For example, let us keep track of the wavenumber (say $k_0$) of the ground state at $\theta=0$ in the uppermost figure. Around $\pi/3 < \theta < 2\pi/3$, $k_0$ increase suddenly and form three crossings with another eigenstates. Because the graphs consist of two disjoint parts, these crossings are not avoided. The eigenfunction corresponding to $k_0$ is localized within a disjoint fragment, and the other three eigenfunctions involving the crossings are localized in the other part. Hence, as a result of a $2\pi$-cycle of $\theta$, $k_0$ becomes the wavenumber of the third excited state. This is an example of anholonomy in eigenvalue and eigenspace. Some other wavenumbers, e.g., 4-th excited state at $\theta=0$ in the leftmost figure, are not involved by the anholonomy. By changing the ratio $L_1/L_2$, we see various patterns of the quantum anholonomy. Also, the anholonomies appear in various choice of the parameters, cf. Figure \ref{fig7}.

\subsection{Short Cycle}
Let us proceed to the simplified cycle represented by (\ref{shcyc}), in which four distinct topologies are connected in a single sequence.  The spectra as functions of the angle parameter $\theta \in [0, 2\pi)$ have been calculated for the choice of parameters $s=0.5$, $t=0.5$ and $L_1/L_2$ attaining the value of the golden mean, the silver mean and the bronze mean. The results are depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig9}.

\section{On the boundary condition}

\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g10a.pdf} \qquad
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g10b.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig10}
Finite approximation of the physical meaning of the boundary condition~\eqref{bc} for $\theta$ belonging to the sectors I and II. The strengths of the $\delta$ potentials in the vertices 1,2,3,4 are given by the following formulas. Left: $v_1=v_2=\frac{(ta)^2-ta}{\epsilon}$, $v_3=v_4=\frac{1-ta}{\epsilon}$. Right: $v_1=0$, $v_2=\frac{c}{1-c}$, $v_3=\frac{1-c}{c}$, $v_4=\frac{1}{\epsilon}$.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g10c.pdf} \qquad
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g11a.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig11}
Finite approximation of the physical meaning of the boundary condition~\eqref{bc} for $\theta$ belonging to the sectors III and IV. The strengths of the $\delta$ potentials in the vertices 1,2,3,4 are given by the following formulas. Left: $v_1=\frac{(tb)^2-tb}{\epsilon}$, $v_2=\frac{1-tb}{\epsilon}$, $v_3=\frac{(tb')^2-tb'}{\epsilon}$, $v_4=\frac{1-tb'}{\epsilon}$. Right: $v_1=\frac{(tb_1)^2+(sd)^2-tb_1-sd}{\epsilon}$, $v_2=\frac{1-tb_1}{\epsilon}$, $v_3=\frac{1}{\epsilon}$, $v_4=\frac{1-sd}{\epsilon}$.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\center{
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g11b.pdf} \qquad
\includegraphics[width=2.5cm]{g11c.pdf}}
\caption
{\label{fig12}
Finite approximation of the physical meaning of the boundary condition~\eqref{bc} for $\theta$ belonging to the sectors V and VI. The strengths of the $\delta$ potentials in the vertices 1,2,3,4 are given by the following formulas. Left: $v_1=\frac{s^2-s}{\epsilon}$, $v_2=\frac{c}{1-c}$, $v_3=\frac{1-c}{c}$, $v_4=\frac{1-s}{\epsilon}$. Right: $v_1=\frac{(ta)^2+(sd)^2-ta-sd-3tsad}{\epsilon}$, $v_2=\frac{(ta)^2-ta-3tsad}{\epsilon}$, $v_3=\frac{1-ta}{\epsilon}$, $v_4=\frac{1-ta-sd}{\epsilon}$.
}
\end{figure}

The boundary condition~\eqref{ee1} represents a certain singular potential in the vertex that has in general a highly nontrivial nature. As it has been shown in \cite{CET10,TC13}, the physical content of a generic boundary condition corresponds to a set of infinitely strong $\delta$ potentials sited in points in an infinitely small web located in the vertex. We sketch how the webs look like for the boundary conditions of our model in Figures \ref{fig10}, \ref{fig11} and \ref{fig12}. In all of the finite approximations, the parameter $\epsilon$ has to be chosen small with respect to the wavelength of the particle. For $\epsilon\to0$, the approximation effectively produces the boundary conditions~\eqref{bc}. The result has been obtained using the formulas from \cite{CET10,TC13}. It illustrates in a simple way the relation between the global topology of the system and the topology of the internal infinitely small web.

\section{Discussion}

The creation of the anholonomy in our model can be explained in the following way.
In regions I, IV, V and VI, when the graph consists of a single component, the eigenvalues as functions of the system parameter $\theta$ can change their values, but they never cross each other, because generically there will be avoided crossings.  However, in regions II and III, the graph is separated into two components (two lines or two rings), i.e., the system is in fact made up of two independent entities, both having its own energy levels that can independently vary with change of the system parameter $\theta$. Therefore, if the parametrization of boundary conditions is conveniently chosen, the eigenvalues as functions of $\theta$ can cross each other, which leads to the anholonomy effect.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank Professor P. Exner and Professor I. Tsutsui for stimulating discussions. This research was supported  by the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology under the Grant numbers 24540412 and 22540396.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


My Son! Oh, that the people of America could only understand what tremendous possibilities stand before them--waiting, waiting, waiting for them to turn away from creeds, cults, dogmas, 'isms,' and all else that binds and limits by keeping their attention from the Great God 'Presence' within own hearts! On, that they might realize what freedom, power and Light await their service, dependent only on their recognition and use of the Great Loving 'Presence' Within, breathing through the each moment. Know and feel the Almighty Control It has over all manifestation! Oh, could they only realize that their bodies are the Temples of the Most High Living God Who is Ruler of heaven and earth--that they might know what it means to love that Mighty Self, talk to It, acknowledge It in all things, and feel the Reality of That 'Presence' with at least as great a certainty as they do other persons and things! If they could only feel the closeness and reality of the Great 'Presence' deeply even for a moment, nothing could ever again stand between them and the same Might Supreme Accomplishment as Jesus and other Ascended Masters have attained.
Here is something I wrote in my Journal on Oct. 15.
and then, there is a process.


Find Resumes For Free picture is in category Resume that can use for individual and noncommercial purpose because All trademarks referenced here in are the properties of their respective owners. In this post we give you some picture about Find Resumes For Free. If you want to view image in full size just click image on gallery bellow.
Sample Resume For Leasing Consultant Leasing Associate Sample Resume Process Engineer Skills Resume It Sample 48 Free Example Format Word Find Resumes Indeed Beautiful Posting Resume Free Letter Templates Employer Search Resumes Free Inspirational Indeed Find Resumes My Indeed Resume 48 techtrontechnologies Microsoft's Best Free Resume Templates or Printables Indeed Resume Search Free Philippines India By Name Api Finding Please Check My Resume The Best Free CV Critique Services Resume Resume Search Indeed Indeed Find Resumes Indeed Employer Resume It Manager Resume Template Templates Download Free Premium Find Resumes For Free.


"Pet Adoption" tells the story about a busy weekend for the "Paws" pet shop. There is a pet adoption event being held on this day during the busy holiday season. As you can see, the animals are very excited about the possibility of finding a forever home!


text:
$20 Jeans (A Short Story)
Posted on February 26, 2005 by Brad
We were having a conversation about the fact that the guy that Elizabeth had started dating a week ago wasn't for her. She was explaining that he was really nice, but that he was pretty different from her. Actually, she made it abundantly clear that he was very different from her. During a conversation with our cousin Laurel earlier that afternoon, she used some form of 'he's really different from me' many, many times.
"So how is your dating life going?" Laurel inquired.
Elizabeth shoots me a polite smile that says, 'Don't say a fucking word. Just keep your mouth shut while I paint a rosy picture of Daniel. Just humor me, okay?'
"I just started dating this really nice guy," she says.
"Oh, do tell!"
"Well, he's Jewish, a doctor…"
"What kind of doctor?"
"He's a pediatrician and also practices internal medicine."
Elizabeth would know. After the night of their first date, she called him about a rash that had developed overnight. She also proceeded to ask him about a few other things that were ailing her, asked if he could write her a prescription for Xanax. Xanax… Yes, she probably needed that the most.
"He also started a hospital in Mexico for poor people," she said nonchalantly and smiled (at me).
"Wow, this guys sounds really cool. Do you like him?"
"Yeah. He's really nice, but we're pretty different. He's not as materialistic as I am and I think that could be a problem."
"Shut up, Jeremy."
"What?!!"
Laurel just smiles.
"He's just… He's cheap, okay? He wears these awful chinos and button-down shirts to work. He looks kinda like a slob. Oh, and his house is a mess. Well… It's not really a mess, but it's not very neat. He's a doctor. He should get a cleaning lady. He's just not as neat as I am."
Laurel is just staring at Elizabeth, emotionless.
"So, what do you guys have in common?" I ask.
"We… I've talked to him on the phone quite a bit. He's really nice, but we're different. His car is kinda gross."
"Well, he probably thinks your car is gross."
She drives a pimped-out Cadillac Escalade with 24" wheels and chrome rims.
"Actually, he was a little freaked out about my car."
"Sounds like he's pretty different."
She turns back to face Laurel.
"He's nice, but we are different. He reminds me of Jeremy and dad. He's very caring and sweet. He cares a lot about people."
"What, and you aren't caring?" I shoot back.
"I care, Jeremy. I just think he's a little more caring and nice. He's a doctor! You have to care if you're a doctor. We're just not exactly in line, if you know what I mean."
"You mean you guys are different."
"Right."
"How many times have you gone out with him?" Laurel asks.
"I went out with him a few times. We had such an amazing time last Saturday. We literally stayed awake all night and talked after an amazing dinner. I called him the next day and he asked about getting together for lunch the next day. He invited me over to his house and had cooked me my favorite dish for lunch. Can you believe that?"
"Wow, that's so wonderful. He sounds like a very sweet guy."
"He is, but I think he might be too nice."
"Yeah, god forbid someone treat you well, Liz," I slip in.
Laurel smiles politely.
"Well, I hope you guys work out. He sounds like a very interesting guy."
"You know what I think?" I say. "I think he's a fantastic guy and you're afraid of liking someone that's not only smart and is going to treat you well, but you're going to judge him by his outside."
"Jeremy, would you date a girl who wore $20 jeans?"
"Where do you get $20 jeans?" Laurel inquires.
"He buys his jeans at Sears. They are the store brand or something."
"I dunno. They say Sears on them."
"Wait, you actually looked?" I say.
"Yes!"
"You're terrible," Laurel says as we all laugh.
"Look, we just spend our money on different things."
Hours after this conversation takes place, the family and a few friends gather in the living room for some post-party conversation. Brandy's phone rings. She sounds very excited and her voice goes up a couple of octaves.
"Oh, that's so sweet…" She says into the phone.
"Yes, that sounds like fun," as she rolls her eyes to us.
"I think I am just going to stay around here with the family."
"Thank you for inviting me though."
"Yes"
"Okay, bye."
Obviously it was Daniel.
"You should just cut him lose," mom says.
"What's you're problem, mom? You don't even know him. He's really nice."
"Liz, if you say 'he's nice' or 'he's different' one more time, I'm going to call him for you. During that short conversation we had with Laurel, you said something like that at least 10 times," I say.
She smiles and starts playing with her phone.
"Well, he is different than me! He wears cheap clothes, doesn't drive a very nice car and his house is kinda messy."
"He probably has bad hygiene too," Brett says.
Elizabeth thinks about this for a minute. She clearly hadn't taken it this far in her head. A peak inside her brain would reveal the following line of logic:
He's a nice guy. Real nice. This is very suspect and starts her thinking that perhaps there is something wrong with him. He doesn't dress very well, which means he doesn't care. The fact that his house isn't ready for an Architectural Digest photo shoot further feeds this line of thought. The car… We mustnt forget about the car. The car generally says a lot about a guy and his is American. So you see, because he clearly doesn't care about his outward appearance, but is so caught up in taking care of other people, he probably neglects himself in ways that she hasn't seen yet.
"Have you seen his cock?" Brett asks very seriously.
The entire room laughs.
"NO!"
Mom gets up to leave the room.
"Well, expect a jungle when you do."
"Brett!!"
"Well, anyone that wears $20 jeans, doesn't shave down there."
Previous Post Muppets Over Time
Next Post Picking Up Chicks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Podcast: 'The Football Club of Buffalo Show,' Ep. 22
Rochester River DogZ co-owner Marc Mandell, far left, talks about what to expect from the new NPSL side, while Leicester City FC is again a major topic for Ben and Nick. (Getty Images)
By Ben Tsujimoto|Published Tue, Apr 26, 2016 |Updated Tue, Oct 18, 2016
Nick Mendola of NBC Sports ProSoccerTalk and I start off discussing Tottenham's shocking draw with West Bromwich Albion, which gives Leicester City FC a chance to clinch the English Premier League title with a win next week in Manchester.
Rochester River DogZ co-owner Marc Mandell calls into the show after 15 minutes to talk about his experience in building a National Premier Soccer League team, plus a few details on what to expect from the new Rochester side when they visit Buffalo on May 14.
Listen live at 5 p.m. each Monday on 91.3 FM WBNY; this show aired originally on April 25.
http://www.fcbuffalo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FCBS425.mp3
Email Ben Tsujimoto, who's probably a bad person for tiring of the Leicester story, at btsujimoto@buffnews.com
Story topics: English Premier League/ Football Club of Buffalo/ Leicester City/ Marc Mandell/ podcasts/ Rochester River DogZ/ WBNY
Ben Tsujimoto – Ben works on the digital side of Gusto, writing mainly about things to do and food-and-drink. He's the editor of The Buffalo News' soccer blog, BN Soccer, and coordinates the Smiles photo galleries. He attended Houghton College, lives off of Hertel and says he smiled a little too aggressively for his profile picture.


Responsible for supporting all aspects of the operation including guest and employee satisfaction, human resources, financial performance, sales and revenue generation and delivering a return on investment. Assists the General Manager in leading the team in the development and implementation of property-wide strategies.Verifies the implementation of the brand service strategy and brand initiatives with the objective of meeting or exceeding guest expectations. Builds relationships with key customers and is involved in the sales process.
• Verifies that all brand standards are being maintained in each area of the property.
• Verifies that all team members meet or exceed all brand requirements.
• Oversees the operation of the all property departments.
• Provides a safe working environment in compliance with OSHA/MSDS.
• Oversees all finance and accounting functions, including, but not limited to, accounts payable, accounts receivable, petty cash, payroll and ordering procedures, end of period, banking procedures and PAF's.
• Performs required annual Quality audit with GM and RD.
• Stays readily available/approachable for all employees.
• Assists/teaches team managers scheduling (using Scheduling Tool) against guest and hours/occupied room goals. Makes sure that staffing levels are appropriate to exceed guest expectations.
• Sets clear performance expectations with the General Manager.
• Assists team supervisors with constructive coaching and counseling.
• Solicits feedback for continuous improvement.
• Verifies that property hiring practices comply with I-9, and EEO requirements and strives for a culturally diverse work place.
Performs other duties as assigned and needed.


The following postures are gentle and designed with non-yogi in mind. Done mindfully they should not stress your spine if you have an undiagnosed herniated disc and they should help open your piriformis. Some gentle reminders: If you feel sharp, stabbing, pulling, or tingling sensations, please back off from what you are doing. If these openers exacerbate anything, please see your care provider. And, finally, only do what you can. Ask questions if you've any.
The wildflowers were blooming near the creek behind my house this past spring. I couldn't resist snapping a few shots that incorporated the wildness and the sky (so please forgive the errant branch or blades of grass that infiltrate the scene).
Depending upon your hips, this "preparatory" variation might be your fullest version.
Lie down on your back with your knees bent, feet about hip-width apart.
Find a neutral pelvis by imagining that you have the face of a clock resting on top of your pelvis – 6 o'clock down towards your feet and 12 o'clock up towards your navel. Inhale and tilt your pelvis towards 6 o'clock: you'll feel your tailbone drop down to the ground and your lower back arch. Exhale and rock your pelvis towards 12 o'clock: now your sacrum will move down and your lower back will flatten. Move your pelvis back and forth as you work with your breath. Finally position your pelvis so that it rests between the two positions of your "clock" – were you to rest a ping pong ball on the center of your pelvis, it would be level. Without shifting your pelvis feel it get heavier, as if anchoring down to the ground.
Bring your right ankle on top of your right thigh, just below the knee. Flex your foot strongly.
Depending on the sensations you feel, you might choose to stay here. Continue to encourage your hips to open by pressing the palm of your hand against your thigh bone, right where it intersects with your pelvis (not at the knee).
Breathe here for a while, encouraging your body to soften with each exhalation.
If it feels as though you may have more room to open your hips, then start to bring your left leg in towards your chest. Your pelvis may want to shift and you'll feel your tailbone curling towards your navel – resist this and gently draw your tailbone back to the earth.
Thread your right arm through the space between your two legs and catch ahold of your left thigh or shin. You can always thread a strap between the legs so as to lengthen your arms.
Breathe and relax your hips.
Come to a seated position, bringing a blanket underneath your sit bones if you feel like you've lost your lumbar curve or need more ease for your hips and knees.
Bend your right knee so that the foot comes towards your heel. Bend your left knee and place your left foot outside of your right knee.
Taking ahold of your thighs, gently draw your heart towards the sky as you lengthen your spine and lift through the crown of your head.
From ardha matsyendrasana prep, inhale and lengthen through your spine. Exhale as you spin your ribs towards the right, away from your left foot. Your right arm might drape across your left thigh and your left hand can rest on the ground besides your left hip.
Extend your bottom leg and flex your foot strongly.
Bend your left knee and guide your left leg to rest on top of your right leg.
You might stay here, breathing. Or, if you are feeling open, hinge from the hips – you'll feel your pelvis rotate as your spine stays long – to draw your heart towards your toes. Breathe when you find your edge.


Sport Sciences at Brunel University London are currently ranked second in London (The Complete University Guide 2017). As a Brunel student, you will enjoy research-led teaching of the highest quality; quality that will stand you in good stead in your future employment. Our great location in London, plus our strong links with sports personnel, organisations and institutions at local, regional, national and international levels, enables us to offer our students considerable opportunities for career progression.
Sport development involves learning how to plan, manage, deliver and evaluate sport programmes and events that will enable and encourage individuals to take part in sport – from grassroots to elite levels. Our sport development programme includes modules on delivering sport, young people's sport experiences, event management, and sporting communications.
In addition to acquiring academic skills and knowledge, our students engage in a number of learning opportunities that focus on the development of career-related skills such as: video production, planning and delivering a sport event in the community, grant-writing, using digital technology and social media, presentations, group work, and independent research. Students on our sport development programme learn from staff who are actively engaged in sport development work. For example, we currently have projects with the IOC, UNICEF, SportEngland, the Football Association, Street League, and UK sport. In addition, we provides students with opportunities to gain work experience through placements.
Sport development is a degree for students who are passionate about sport and want to learn how to create and deliver high quality sporting opportunities and events for diverse populations.
It is an ideal time to study sport development as there is increasing recognition of the many ways that participation in sport contributes to lifelong health and well-being. Our sport development programme helps you develop skills such as communication, leadership, and resourcefulness that are required for success in this exciting industry.


Ferments, as their name suggests, are fermented nutrients. They first gained popularity in Korean Beauty products but have made their way to the west, and for good reason. Fermenting ingredients has many benefits to the skin. Here are our top 3 reasons to add ferments to your beauty routine.
1. It is easier for your skin to absorb. The process of fermentation breaks down and concentrates the molecules leading to higher and faster absorption into the skin. For example, Sorrella Apothecary's Spiced Wine Toner contains Pumpkin Ferment. Pumpkin naturally contains vitamin A and by fermenting it, the vitamin A is broken down smaller and is thus easier for your skin to absorb than it would be in non-fermented pumpkin.
2. It reduces the likelihood of a negative reaction to the product. Fermentation neutralizes toxins found in raw ingredients making them less irritating to the skin. In addition, fermented products mimic cell functions, allowing the product to work symbiotically within the skin further reducing the likelihood of a negative reaction. This makes fermented products especially great for sensitive skin types. In the case of pumpkin, fermentation reduces the likelihood of a negative reaction to vitamin A which many people with sensitive skin normal find too irritating to their skin.
3. It increases elasticity in the skin. Fermentation leads to the creation of amino acids, organic acids and antioxidants that work to increase hydration and firmness of the skin. Amino Acids in particular are great for increasing skin elasticity and youthfulness. Saccharomyces ferments are particularly good for anti-aging, as they create the highest amounts of amino acids. Saccharomyces ferments can by found in Visual Changes' Resurrection and Le Mieux's TGF-B Booster Serum.


Is it too late for retirement?
Check out The Rachel Cruze YouTube Channel for life and money tips!
Ruth asks Dave what she and her husband should do to prepare for retirement in the next few years.
Find A Financial Peace class near you!
Do you want to take control of your money? Get "The Total Money Makeover" book here.
Download the FREE EveryDollar App and start telling your money where to go.
Do you need help with your taxes? Find an Endorsed Local Provider near you!
Need help selling or buying a home? Click the link to find an Endorsed Local Provider in your area.
Do you have questions about investing? Let one of our Endorsed Local Providers help.


Download now La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) books PDF Brandon Sanderson bookss en ligne PDF La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1). Download now et lire des bookss en ligne La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) Online ePub/PDF/Audible/Kindle, son moyen facile de diffuser La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) bookss pour plusieurs appareils.
Download now and Read online books La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) Online ePub/PDF/Audible/Kindle, its easy way to streaming La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) books for multiple devices.
La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) was written by best authors whom known as an author and have wrote many interesting books with great story telling. La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) was one of the most wanted books on 2019. It contains 992 pages. This book was very surprised because of its top rating and got about best user reviews. So, after finishing reading this book, I recommend to readers to not underestimate this great book. You should take La Voie des Rois Volume 1 (Les Archives de Roshar, Tome 1) as your reading list or you will be regret because you have not reading it yet in your live.


Lake Ohrid is one of the world`s oldest lakes. Approximations about the age of the lake vary from one to five million years up to 10 million years, thus covering a broad range of glacial and interglacial ages and cycles. Lake surface area of the 358 km² belongs to 2 neighbouring countries. Two thirds belong to the Republic of Macedonia and the smaller part of one third belongs to the Republic of Albania.
* Morning departure to Pogradec.
Its a small town located very close to the Macedonian – Albanian border. On the way driving by the east coast of Lake Ohrid seeing the breath taking views of the national park "Galicica" and its peaks touching the sky.
* Stop in Pogradec for a short walk in the center and a coffee break.
* Continuing toward Macedonian side again (1 hour drive), on the way to Vevcani situated on the slopes of Mount Jablanica.
This village can offers the guests some interesting things: a rare natural beauty, clean air, water (legally protected), still running old watermill. It will be a cultural trip into the past: an interesting combination of architecture of the old houses and the local people still living according to the traditions of the past. In one of the restaurants in Vevčani we will have lunch with homemade rakija (brandy), wine and traditional food prepared by the good old masters of the Macedonian cuisine.
* Lunch in a national restaurant in Vevcani.
Struga is an important tourist destination in Macedonia. This small town, situated on the north side of Lake Ohrid, is known as the city of poetry - every August here is held the International Poetry Festival "Struga Poetry Evenings". This is the birthplace of the brothers Konstantin and Dimitar Miladinov, famous Macedonian poets and reformers of the 19th century.
Struga has a mixed ethnic population: Christians and Muslims. We will take a short walk to the main city market, where the guests can feel and enjoy the scent of various herbs, colourful fresh fruits and vegetables and the atmosphere in the market.
We stop at the point where the river Crn Drim exits the Lake and continues north toward the Adriatic Sea. From there we walk through the center of the town and the pedestrian area full of different type of shops.


I had spent my entire life wishing for you. You happened. And I knew. I knew the moment I looked into your eyes, that you were my person.
But with your arrival, I lost myself. Everything was about you. I tried desperately to assert my individuality to no avail. You ran the show.
Still, I loved you. I couldn't imagine going back to a world where you weren't by my side.
Sure we fought. There were moments when I wanted to scream at you (and moments when I did), but I always knew, at the end of the day, you'd be the only one who'd ever really know me. The only one who would call me out without hesitation. The only one who'd be there even at my most unlikeable. And I was honoured to do the same.
Over the years, we grew together, moulding each other, painting by numbers, not realizing that the masterpiece lay in the white spaces. The spaces around each of us. The spaces that connect us.
Our shared masterpiece – our bond – is and always will be my greatest achievement. I cherish every moment we have together, fine tuning its melodies, sculpting extensions, repainting neglected pieces.
I'm proud of what we've built, and thankful every day.
That almost 22 years ago, a baby sister came my way.


Since binary options work on fast turnaround times, that also means fast returns. All these charts are designed to show the price fluctuations and movements of variety of assets for overall period of time. What justifies this trading judgment is the conviction that the news published shows signs of decreasing the worth of the currency pair.


The Government has signed IBRD/CTF loan of US $98 million and Grant Agreement for US $2 million with the World Bank for Shared Infrastructure for Solar Parks Project. The purpose for the loan is to increase solar generation capacity through establishment of large-scale parks in the country.
2017 Tata Literature Live Lifetime Achievement Award was conferred on Actor-playwright Girish Karnad (79) or his outstanding contribution in field of theatre at the eighth edition of the Tata Literature festival held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
The UNFCCC Climate Change Conference (COP23), presided over by Government of Fiji was held in Bonn, Germany. It concluded with countries putting in place a roadmap for 'Talanoa Dialogue', a year-long process to assess countries' progress on climate actions. Rules were framed in this conference for implementing 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and brought rich nations on board on their pre-2020 commitments as demanded by developing states.
A new species of parasitic flowering plant named Gleadovia konyakianorum was discovered by scientists from Scientists from Botanical Survey of India (BSI). The species which were found in a semi-evergreen forest at an altitude of 1,500-1,600 metres near Tobu town of Mon district in eastern Nagaland was named in honour of Konyak tribe of Nagas.
The World Toilet Day (WTD) is observed every year across the world on 19 November to raise awareness and inspire action to tackle the global sanitation crisis. The theme for year 2017 is Wastewater. It is coordinated by United Nations-Water in collaboration with Governments of member countries and relevant stakeholders.
Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (85) was selected unanimously by an international jury headed by Pranab Mukherjee for the Indira Gandhi Prize for peace, disarmament and development for his leadership of the country between 2004 and 2014 and for enhancing India's stature globally.


14 05-09 USA CA Agricultural Park < 1500 lbs.
17 05-09 USA CA Agricultural Park open, 2000 lbs. min.
19 05-10 USA CA Agricultural Park < 1500 lbs.
24 11-20 USA CA Agricultural Park 20 hp max.
27 11-20 USA CA Agricultural Park gas 1000-1500 lbs.
34 11-06 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 1200 lbs. max.
35 11-06 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 1800 lbs. max.
37 11-06 USA CA Ingleside Race Track gas 24 hp max.
38 11-06 USA CA Ingleside Race Track gas 6.5 hp max.
41 11-07 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 1200 lbs. max.
42 11-07 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 1800 lbs. max.
43 11-07 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 24 hp max.
44 11-07 USA CA Ingleside Race Track 6.5 hp max.
48 11-08 USA CA Ingleside Race Track gas 35 hp max.
68 05-30 USA MA Readville gas 1000-2000 lbs.
69 05-30 USA MA Readville gas < 1000 lbs.
70 05-30 USA MA Readville gas > 2000 lbs.
77 06-11 USA MA Readville gas 818-1432 lbs.
84 09-07 USA MI Grosse Pointe Blue Ribbon Track >2000 lbs.
85 09-07 USA MI Grosse Pointe Blue Ribbon Track gas < 1000 lbs.
88 09-08 USA MI Grosse Pointe Blue Ribbon Track gas > 800 lbs.
100 10-31 USA NY Brighton Beach < 1200 lbs.
101 10-31 USA NY Brighton Beach < 1800 lbs.
105 05-30 USA NY Empire City Speedway 1000-1800 lbs.
106 05-30 USA NY Empire City Speedway <1000 lbs.
107 05-30 USA NY Empire City Speedway >1800 lbs.
109 07-26 USA NY Empire City Speedway <1200 lbs.
111 07-28 USA NY Empire City Speedway 1000-1800 lbs.
113 10-03 USA NY Empire City Speedway < 1200 lbs.
114 10-03 USA NY Empire City Speedway < 1800 lbs.
124 05-31 USA OH Dayton Fairgrounds gas < 1000 lbs.
126 05-31 USA OH Dayton Fairgrounds gas < 1500 lbs.
128 05-31 USA OH Dayton Fairgrounds gas < 2000 lbs.
131 09-04 USA OH Glenville Driving Track < 1800 lbs.
133 09-04 USA OH Glenville Driving Track gas 1000 lbs. max.
138 09-05 USA OH Glenville Driving Track gas < 800 lbs.
139 09-05 USA OH Glenville Driving Track handicap, >1800 lbs.
143 09-19 USA RI Narragansett Park <1800 lbs.


text:
Q: Map multiple values from distinct datas sources to common IRIs using JSON-LD context I want to use the JSON-LD context to map values that represent the same types of entities from multiple data sources to common IRIs.
Here is an example.
Suppose I have two data sources:

*

*DS#1 holds information about patients.

*DS#2 holds information about providers.

In DS#1, the "patient_gender" field has the following permissible values and definitions:

*

*"F": the patient is of female gender

*"M": the patient is of male gender

In DS#2, the "provider_gender" field has the following permissible values and definitions:

*

*"1": the provider is of female gender

*"2": the provider is of male gender

Now suppose I define two IRIs to represent females and males:

*

*http://example.com/female (represents females)

*http://example.com/male (represents males)

In the JSON-LD context, how do you map values "F" and "1" to http://example.com/female; and "M" and "2" to http://example.com/male?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Axie Infinity– the Year 2022 and Beyond
Waqar Play-To-Earn | 08 Dec 2022 12:44 UTC
Axie Infinity is a popular name in the Web 3.0 NFT crypto gaming space, and many of us have heard about it. Its meteoric rise in a single year, followed by a precipitous drop in 2022, is quite the story. Even if you don't like crypto, you probably agree that Axie Infinity has become the best example of crypto Web3 NFT gaming. It became the face of the industry with the revolution it brought and was touted as one of the best blockchain game apps. It flipped the lives of many, taking them from rags to riches in no time. On the contrary, it also caused catastrophic losses to others. So, how did Axie Infinity perform in the year 2022? And what does the future hold for this blockchain game? Let's analyze the current situation as well as what the future might hold.
Axie Infinity and the Year 2022: How Has It Unfolded?
Axie Infinity is a popular or infamous Pokemon-inspired blockchain game where players breed, raise, and battle cute little monsters called Axies. The game is based on a "play to earn" model. The game offers rewards in cryptocurrency to the players, exchangeable for real money. The developer of the game as well as the Ronin Bridge is a Vietnam-based studio, Sky Mavis. Axie Infinity came out in 2018, but it became very popular very quickly because of the pandemic and the global lockdown. Just during last year's summer, players were earning so much through the game that they had to quit their regular full-time jobs to invest more time in the game, especially in low and middle-income countries.
Axie Infinity's future: do we have high expectations?
The game requires players to buy NFTs to begin playing, which players gladly did even though the entry investment was more than $1000 at its peak. Also, the people who made the game were worth more than $3 billion after Andreessen Horowitz led a $152 million funding round in October 2021. Everything was looking picture-perfect, and the global Axie frenzy was surely leading the revolutionary play to earn gaming space. But it all started to fall apart just at the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. The year 2022 proved rougher for Axie Infinity.
Axie Infinity Witness: Rise and Decline (Current Standing)
Long before the unfortunate hack, Axie Infinity started losing its number of daily active users in November 2021. It only got worse in 2022; the decrease was more than 45% from its peak at the end of 2021. Before the hack, Axie Infinity's DAUs had plummeted to 1.48 million from a high of 2.7 million. Moreover, the value of the in-game currency also suffered and saw a new low of $0.02. It was all happening amid the cryptocurrency market crash and dwindling interest in NFTs.
Just as Sky Mavis was working hard to convince and inspire its community by making long-term promises, the record-breaking hack happened. On March 23, 2022, Axie Infinity got hacked, and the hackers made off with $620 million worth of cryptocurrency, making it the biggest crypto heist of all time. With this hack and the ongoing crypto winter, it was hard for Sky Mavis and Axie Infinity to get people to trust them again.
So, why did Axie Infinity face player retention issues even before the hack? The game offers its community the sole motivation of earning money. The elements of entertainment and fun are given little to no value by Sky Mavis. It reduces the game to no more than digital sharecropping and just the grind. The game was and still is primarily driven by speculation, and it is heavily reliant on new players. As soon as the inflow of new players slowed down, the tokenomics of the game went out of control in 2022.
However, the current standing of the game is not all bleak and horrific. Axie Infinity showed a silver lining for the first time since the hack and the FTX implosion. AXS of Axie Infinity records a solid gain of 23.83% and sits at $8.28 at the time of writing. So, how is Axie Infinity still hanging around and showing signs of resurgence?
Axie Infinity: What to Expect in 2023 and Beyond
The speculation or prediction here is not financial advice for our readers. The play-to-earn gaming industry is only four years old and still a toddler when compared to the traditional gaming space. Sky Mavis believes that it has learned a lot from its recent challenges with blockchain projects. It will introduce beneficial changes to its new blockchain project, Axie Origins. Axie Origins has already seen over a million downloads in its early days. Instead of breeding Axies, players will be able to earn cryptocurrency by collecting and trading charms and amulets. Moreover, Sky Mavis also plans to launch a metaverse where users will have the opportunity to own digital lands. The idea is to integrate the AXS token into all projects.
But, with so many big names like Ubisoft and other Korean gaming giants coming into blockchain gaming, Axie Infinity will no longer remain at the top given its tedious gameplay. So, Axie needs to focus on the gameplay part if it wants to stay important in the Web3 gaming community. However, one thing is for sure: Axie Infinity isn't going to die easily, as it has strong backing. It will surely survive the crypto-winter.
Other articles on Axie Infinity are Breeding guide, how to begin with Axie and the different classes in Axie Infinity.
More Gaming News
Web3 Gaming in 2023: A Look Ahead
Waqar Play-To-Earn | 01 Feb 2023 18:40 UTC
Web3, Blockchain, Mobile, and AI in Gaming: An Industry Outlook. A Deep Dive Analysis based on Yoda Labs and Blockchain Gaming Alliance's work
Premier League and Sorare: A Thriving NFT Fantasy Soccer Partnership
Premier League-Sorare: Multi-Year NFT Fantasy Soccer Partnership's Implications for Web3, NFTs, and Blockchain Games. Read more here!
Top Play-to-Earn, Web3 Game Review Websites to Follow in 2023
Waqar Play-To-Earn | 31 Jan 2023 19:34 UTC
Top Play-to-Earn Game Websites to Follow for Reviews, News, and Updates in the Blockchain Gaming Industry. you can find a list of sites here!
Top 2023 Blockchain Games and Their Altcoins to Watch
2023's Hottest Blockchain Games: Unlock the Future of Gaming and Investments. Play-to-Earn Altcoins: The Future of Gaming & Investments
Amazon's Web3 Entry: Opportunities and Challenges
Amazon's Entry into Web3: Challenges and Uncertainties in the World of NFTs and Blockchain Gaming. Inside Amazon's Plan for Web3 and the Future of NFT...Read more
Super Sunday Gaming News: January 29th
admin | 29 Jan 2023 13:55 UTC
Super Sunday Gaming News: January 29th brings you a compact recap of all the latest and hottest gaming news from the previous week.
Top 5 Metaverse, Gaming, and NFT Projects on NEAR Protocol
NEAR Protocol is a blockchain platform that uses sharding technology and other features. Discover the top projects on NEAR, incl metaverse, gaming, NF...Read more
Web3 Gaming 101: Understanding the Future of Gaming
Discover the world of Web3 games, including play-to-earn, blockchain games, learn how they differ from traditional games in this easy-to-understand gu...Read more
Champions Ascension: Post-Alpha Game Review
Champions Ascension is an immersive multiplatform game that features high-stakes combat and allows for ownership and collection of in-game assets.
Lego and Epic Games Team Up to Build Metaverse
Lego and Epic Games Unveil Children-Friendly Metaverse: A Web3 Project for Kids of All Ages. The Lego-Epic Games Partnership: Inside Look
Play To Earn you might like


text:
Q: Get the number of friends a facebook user has I have 2 unrelated questions.

*

*How many posts does facebook allow you to get with an api?

*Using facepy, facebook, or any other api, how do I get the number of friends a user has? (This user is not my friend). The user id is provided.

This is how I currently get the number of my friends with facebook api:
>>> from facebook import *
>>> token = 'whatevertheinfo'
>>> graph = facebook.GraphAPI(token)
>>> friends = graph.get_connections("me", "friends")
>>> len(friends['data'])
1

If I try >>> friends = graph.get_connections("100000549223625", "friends") I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#55>", line 1, in <module>
    friends = graph.get_connections("100000549223625", "friends")
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\visolank\Desktop\Python\programs\facebook.py", line 112, in get_connections
    return self.request(id + "/" + connection_name, args)
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\visolank\Desktop\Python\programs\facebook.py", line 298, in request
    raise GraphAPIError(response)
GraphAPIError: Unsupported operation

I dont need to know who the friends are, I just need a number. I know it's possible, because facebook claims:
"Public Profile and Friend List
The public profile and friend list is the basic information available to an app. All other permissions and content must be explicitly asked for."

A: This is intentional behaviour. There was a bug report filed for this problem, and this was the official Facebook response:

This is intentional, you cannot retrieve friends lists for non-users of the app.

I suspect that if you used a userid of someone that had installed your app it might work, but not just any arbitrary user.

A: answer to question 1 (How many posts does facebook allow you to get with an api call):
When querying facebook through FQL (facebook query language), you can limit the result up to 5000 records. So I'd say 5000.
answer to question 2 (how do I get the number of friends a user has):
You can query all the friends of the currently logged in user. You cannot however, ask facebook for the number of friends of a user that's not logged in through your app.

A: You need to get access/token from the user you are trying to get the friends list

A: Use python sdk for facebook graph api. This should work. Read the fetch objects from facebook part and then it should be really easy.
Just to help you.
import fb
facebook=fb.graph.api(token)
friends=facebook.get_object(cat='single', id='the_user_id', fields=["friends"] )
Now friends will have a python dictionary containing the user's friends.


No matter where your building is located, your building could receive major water damage. Basement flooding, sewer backups or heavy rainfall can all cause major damages. Paul Davis understands the financial and emotional toll that water damages can take on you and your family. The most effective way to reduce water damage to your home is to call the professionals immediately. Our nationwide network of water damage restoration contractors will examine and fix the damage.
How Can My House Sustain Water Damage?
Regularly look over your appliances for leaks.
Never pour grease down your sink, because it cause significant damage and blockage to your pipes.
Make sure that your water pressure isn't too high. If it is, it could cause undesirable stress on your pipes or hoses.
When emergencies strike, know how to turn off your water main. When a pipe bursts or leaks, you can shut off your water main right away to prevent irreversible damage.
Keep an eye out for any unexpected spikes in your water bill. It could point to a leak.
To prevent damage to your gutters and roof, cleanout your gutters regularly.
To prevent water damage, it's important to use your common sense. Regularly check your home and appliances. If there's a leak or other issue on your hands, don't wait. Either address the leak yourself or call the experienced water damage technicians from Paul Davis.
Water damages can cause some major problems for your home. If you need a water cleanup company call Paul! at 888-473-7769. When you call, we'll connect you with an expert in your area. With 50 years of water repairs under our belt, Paul Davis knows how to handle whatever water emergency you have for us.


You have been started to get the excellent reports about the bad credit personal loans of getting permitted. A number of loan contributors are presenting loans for the individual with bad credit. Such personal loans for bad credit will lend a hand to make your mind up for your cash difficulty. As well as in additional so, provide a prospect for re-establishing your acclaim. Since you have poor acclaim, your investors recognize your monetary conditions. In this loan process credit score are mainly dependent on interest, occurrence of security, private earnings, and the gained loan sum. Bad Credit loans that are protected are much simpler to get organize. Interest charge for tenable forms of private loans which are superior to usual finance, but this might not be the case in all the lending circumstances.
For superior monetary possibility of the receiver, bad credit personal loans have been sub category into two classed i.e., secured and unsecured. However achieving unsecured personal loans is the nearly all admired as secured loans that might put at danger the receiver belongings or supplementary value benefit. On the other hand, secured loans are setup on the finest estimate that the receiver puts up a shape of safekeeping to the investor, naturally the receiver belongings.
Bad credit personal loans can be use to make up for the various principle like refurbish a house, going for holiday, purchasing a vehicle etc but most of the time bad credit personal loans are utilize for paying off the earlier amount overdue. Borrowers also hold some of the subject along with bad credit like arrears owner; non payer, CCJ's, IVA, insolvent, etc are the major objective of the individual of the bad credit personal loans.
It is one of the common law of thumb that the extra you lend the low cost of the price of interest you disburse. In disguise of secure a fine benefit over your monetary circumstances, some to the deceptive investor put at risk at your deal to take control of the located belongings. In spite of such repayment however, nearly all individual are unwilling to misplace their residence, and as a result it capture out unsecured loans because of this. You are essential to be extra careful on accepting several form of agreement.
Through and huge, bad credit personal loans are monetary necessities for persons with poor credit. This loan process may also be proceeding through internet online and offline as per your wiliness to apply. On these day the process of online is been mainly referred as it accumulate time and liveliness. With the process of carrying out you will be capable to look out for innumerable lending choice. For a fine agreement, you require to be extra careful and through internet you can shop around for a correct investor. At the time of your fine asset of occasion, you may be capable to make safe a superior agreement.
Everyone's monetary circumstances are dissimilar. We forever vision our consumers as people with individual situation and therefore we forever make an effort in fact tough to recognize your requirements. Whatever you are lending a bad credit personal loan for and whatsoever your conditions are, with a connect of a mouse will look for the market in seconds for a bad credit loan that will in shape like a dream into your living.


Green Tea Extract is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis tea botanical.
Of all the types of tea that are derived from the same tea plant, Green Tea is known to be the least processed and to thus retain more healthful properties.
Used cosmetically, Green Tea Extract helps diminish the signs of aging, calms irritation, evens out discoloration, diminishes the appearance of cellulite, soothes redness and swelling, repairs damage, exfoliates, decreases the appearance and occurrence of blackheads, eliminates dead skin, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants on the skin's surface, decreases puffiness, and reduces the appearance of dark circles.
Used medicinally, Green Tea Extract soothes muscle soreness, eases joint pain, facilitates fat loss, maintains gut health, enhances circulation, regulates blood pressure, boosts energy, protects the skin against the harmful effects of overexposure to the sun, soothes inflammation, strengthens bone health, prevents bacterial infections, and promotes mental alertness.
Green Tea Extract, which comes in several forms, including powder, is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis tea botanical. While several other types of tea are also derived from the same plant – Black, White, and Oolong, to name a few – Green Tea is known to be the least processed among the group and to thus retain more of its valuable, healthful properties.
In any form, this extract is a concentration of its originating tea leaves. The process of producing Green Tea Botanical Extract, which is available in powder form at New Directions Aromatics, involves manually harvesting the newest, youngest leaves, steaming them to prevent fermentation, drying them, and finally grinding them into a fine powder.
Rich in Polyphenols, Catechins, and Caffeine, Green Tea extract is reputed to have properties that make it beneficial for addressing and potentially preventing numerous skin-related complaints. For centuries, it has been used in Eastern traditional medicine to soothe inflammation, especially in association with eczema and joint pain, such as arthritis.
This article highlights the various cosmetic and therapeutic properties of Green Tea Botanical Extract as well as several safe uses.
Used cosmetically, Green Tea Extract is known to exhibit effects that help diminish the signs of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines. It is commonly used as a valuable ingredient in face washes, moisturizers, serums, and other skin care products that work to calm irritation, even out skin discoloration, protect the skin against UV radiation, diminish the appearance of cellulite, soothe redness and swelling, and repair damage. Products enriched with Green Tea Extracts are known to further support skin health by moisturizing, stimulating circulation, and regulating sebum production, thereby exhibiting a positive effect on the complexion's overall tone, texture, strength, and resilience. It is especially beneficial for skin afflicted with the discomforts associated with acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, and other conditions that are similarly characterized by dryness, itchiness, inflammation, and irritation.
Its antimicrobial and astringent properties along with its ability to balance the skin's oil production and minimize the appearance of enlarged pores make Green Tea Extract ideal for use in products that target acne breakouts. Its exfoliating property helps decrease the appearance and occurrence of blackheads while eliminating dead skin, dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants on the skin's surface, thus promoting the skin's rejuvenation and renewal. Applied under the eyes, Green Tea Extracts are believed to decrease any puffiness while helping reduce the appearance of dark circles. Green Tea Extract can be applied to other areas of skin that are affected by not only water retention but also by muscle soreness. It is believed to be beneficial for easing joint pain and for facilitating fat loss while helping maintain skin and gut health. Used in hair, its ability to enhance elasticity makes Green Tea Extract a common ingredient in hair care products that work to cleanse the scalp, soothe dryness, eliminate dandruff, fortify the strands, support and stimulate growth, and enhance luster.
Used medicinally, Green Tea Botanical Extract works to enhance circulation, help regulate blood pressure, improve metabolic function, support digestive health, boost energy, protect the skin against the harmful effects of overexposure to the sun, soothe inflammation, help maintain weight and facilitate fat loss, strengthen bone health, prevent bacterial infections and joint pain, ease muscular aches, and promote mental alertness. Its soothing quality prevents further itching, redness, and irritation of the skin and any wounds, thus preventing further aggravation and allowing faster healing. This, in turn, promotes the growth of smooth skin and discourages scars from developing in a way that feels and appears to be deep, thick, painful, and unsightly.
COSMETIC: Anti-inflammatory, Refreshing, Exfoliating, Brightening, Rejuvenating, Reparative, Protective, Elasticity-Enhancing, Cleansing, Detoxifying, Balancing, Refining, Antioxidant, Clarifying, Tightening, Soothing, Stimulating, Hydrating, Smoothing.
MEDICINAL: Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, UV Protectant.
For cosmetic applications, Green Tea Extract can be added to natural formulations for many types of products, such as soaps, exfoliants, and masks and can be combined with other natural ingredients, such as warm water, yogurt, and hydrosols. All of the ingredients listed in this article are based on New Directions Aromatics' powdered Green Tea Botanical Extract.
To make a rejuvenating face mask that is reputed to promote the look of a more youthful complexion, begin by thoroughly combining Green Tea Botanical Extract with a carrier oil of personal preference – suggested oils include Olive or Coconut. When the combination of the two ingredients achieves a paste-like consistency, apply the blend to the face in a thin layer, focusing especially on areas that have visible signs of aging. Allow the mask to dry on the skin before washing it off with warm water.
For an alternative face mask recipe, combine Green Tea Botanical Extract with Raw Organic Honey and Sandalwood Essential Oil. To achieve a paste-like consistency, slowly pour boiled water into the mix. Once the ideal viscosity has been achieved, with the fingers, apply the blend to the face and neck and leave it on for 20 minutes before rinsing it off. Follow this regimen with a toner and moisturizer.
To make a Green Tea Extract-enriched facial toner, begin by steeping Green Tea bags in a cup of hot water. To prevent the essential and valuable volatile elements of the tea from escaping through the steam, keep the cup covered with a tea saucer as the tea cools down. Once the temperature of the tea is lukewarm, remove the tea bags. Into the Green Tea, add Green Tea Extract, Acai Extract, and a total of 8 drops of personally-preferred essential oils. Recommended oils include Tea Tree Essential Oil, Geranium Essential Oil, and Eucalyptus Essential Oil. Stir the ingredients together, then transfer the blend to a spray bottle. To use this toner, simply spritz it lightly onto the face and allow it to dry naturally. This toner blend can be stored in the refrigerator for a maximum of 1 month.
To make a Green Tea-enriched lip balm, combine Shea Butter, Beeswax pellets, and a Carrier Oil in a double boiler. As the ingredients begin to melt, stir them together with a stick or a spoon. When all the ingredients have been thoroughly incorporated into a smooth, consistent blend, remove the double boiler from the heat. Next, before the blend fully cools and sets, stir in Green Tea Extract. Pour the resultant blend into 2-4 lip balm tins and allow them to set, uncovered, for 1 hour before using them to hydrate and soften the lips.
To create a body scrub, begin by combine Green Tea Extract with granulated White Sugar, a Carrier Oil, and loose-leaf Green Tea. With a spoon, mix together all the ingredients until they are thoroughly combined. Next, transfer the blend to an air-tight glass jar. To use this exfoliating, smoothing, stimulating scrub, gently massage the preferred amount into preferred areas of skin, rubbing it in slow circles. This scrub is known to enhance the skin's silky softness and suppleness and to promote the skin's natural radiance by removing dead cells.
For a Green Tea-enriched bath blend, combine Green Tea Botanical Extract with Epsom Salts and a total of 4 drops of a refreshing, cooling Essential Oil. Next, pour the blend into a bathtub filled with warm water. Ensure that the blend has dissolved thoroughly in the water, then enter the tub and soak for 20 minutes. After this time, rinse off any bath blend residue on the body. This blend is reputed to promote the skin's rejuvenation by contributing hydration, stimulating and enhancing circulation, cleansing the pores and eliminating harmful bacteria, soothing inflammation, diminishing the appearance of blemishes, and brightening the skin. Furthermore, it exhibits medicinal effects and helps to promote the faster healing of wounds while also working to reduce the appearance of scarring.
For a hair mask blend that is reputed to repair, strengthen, soften, and thicken the strands while promoting the growth of shinier hair, begin by combining Green Tea Botanical Extract with a preferred Carrier Oil until the mixture achieves the consistency of a butter. Next, apply and gently massage this blend into the scalp, smoothing it down to the ends of the strands. Leave this mask on for a minimum of 30 minutes to soothe dryness and itchiness, then rinse it out with cool water. This antioxidant blend is reputed to condition the strands, promote growth, stimulate circulation, hydrate dryness, and slow the appearance of grey hairs.
As with all other New Directions Aromatics products, Green Tea Botanical Extract is for external use only. It is imperative to consult a medical practitioner before using this product for therapeutic purposes. Pregnant and nursing women are especially advised not to use Green Tea Botanical Extract without the medical advice of a physician, as it may have an effect on certain hormone secretions and it is unclear whether these effects are transferable to babies at these stages of development. This product should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7.
Those with the following health conditions are recommended to be advised by a physician: anxiety, anemia, glaucoma, cancer, skin disorders, bleeding disorders, hormone-related ailments, osteoporosis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, or conditions of the heart, liver, or kidney. Individuals that are taking prescription drugs, undergoing major surgery, or who are at a greater risk of experiencing strokes, heart attacks, or atherosclerosis are also advised to seek medical consultation prior to use.
Prior to using Green Tea Botanical Extract, a skin test is recommended. This can be done by diluting 1 Tsp. Green Tea Extract in 1 tsp. distilled water and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. Green Tea Botanical Extract must never be used near the eyes, inner nose, and ears, or on any other particularly sensitive areas of skin. Potential side effects of Green Tea Botanical Extract include confusion, convulsions, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, heartburn, irritability, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, nausea, ringing in the ears, sleep problems, tremor, and vomiting.