The South African government recently reported that around 6.5 million job opportunities have been created through its Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) since 2004. This should be good news given the high levels of unemployment in South Africa, especially for women, who are disadvantaged in the job market and are specifically targeted by the programme.
But these claims of excellent outcomes should be tempered given some worrying problems with the programme. These need to be urgently addressed to avoid the unintended exploitation of women desperate to survive.
The dual need for job creation and investment in public services (such as road maintenance) is what drives public works programmes worldwide. While in South Africa the system of social grants is the largest and most successful social protection programme, the EPWP is designed to respond to the needs of working age adults. Most aren't eligible for social grants unless they have a disability that prevents them from working.
The public works programme is a social protection mechanism which creates paid work opportunities for large numbers of unemployed people, primarily women and youth. It provides them with both skills and work experience. This is to help them find work or start their own enterprises after they've exited the programme.
The programme is split into four very different sectors. To uncover the specific outcomes for women, it's useful to focus on the social sector . This was born from an innovative idea that the lack of services in the early childhood development and home based care sectors (among others) could possibly be met by a public works programme.
A second positive feature is the inclusion of care work. This offers recognition of care, usually of children, sick people, and the elderly, as an important public good, that contributes to the well-being of society. These tasks, largely performed by women, often remain invisible and under-valued, even though they are critical to a healthy and productive society.
Thirdly, the social sector has trained more public works programme beneficiaries than the other three sectors which ultimately contributes to the gaining of legitimate qualifications. Participants are positive about the skills they've gained and the dignity and personal accomplishment this provides.
Finally, the cash stipends contribute to household incomes.
Some critical flaws suggest that the programme is creating pockets of disadvantage and exploitation. An inherent problem is that an evaluation of the outcomes is severely hampered by weak monitoring and data management systems.
Claims of numbers of job opportunities created, the number of participants trained and, the details and locations of the delivery of services are based on questionable information. This is because data is inconsistently recorded.
A second challenge is the issue of labour "displacement" . Displacement is a problem where a public works programme doesn't actually create new jobs. Instead, the number of jobs in the sector remains broadly constant, but work is taken away from non-beneficiaries and given to beneficiaries.
Or NGOs run out of funding often due to failures on the part of the Department of Social Development. So workers (often women) previously paid a proper salary, are migrated to position funded by the public works programme where they are paid a small stipend to do exactly the same work .
Thirdly, the stipend amounts are very low. A ministerial dispensation sets minimum public works programme wages . But social sector participants are paid less than those in the infrastructure and environmental sectors. This means that work done largely by women is valued less than the work done in the infrastructure and environmental sectors, where more men are involved.
While these amounts do contribute to daily survival costs, they don't allow women to build up assets or capital after exiting the programme. And low stipends undermine the valuing of care.
Institutional failures are a fourth area of concern, and create serious consequences for participants. Payments from the Department of Social Development to NGOs or early learning and development centres are often late, creating enormous financial stress for the participants who can go months without a stipend.
Precisely because the participants are largely female, the major implementation problems disproportionately affect women and their families. The knock-on effect on service delivery is negative as late stipend payment demotivates participants, and encourages work absences.
Finally, a fundamental flaw in the design of the programme is the lack of job opportunities in the sector after exiting. In theory the skills development and work experience gained increases chances of getting work. But in practice the work areas of all the sectors have an oversupply of similarly trained workers.
This problem is particularly acute in the social sector, which is also an underfunded field with few vacancies. So finding a job after exiting is unlikely. Even where employment is found, the insecure working conditions and low wages almost guarantee that those working join the ranks of the working poor.
These problems are substantial. What's emerging is a group of desperate women experiencing precarious, insecure, and sometimes exploitative conditions to earn a small stipend for a limited time just to survive.
The programme is a commendably progressive commitment by the state. But it cannot be to the detriment of vulnerable individual workers, especially women, who have to tolerate insecurity, changing income, low income, and variable training.
In the context of 36% unemployment – based on the broader definition of joblessness – and the urgent need for services, it's critical that innovative programmes are closely monitored to ensure positive effects. The state needs to be held to account to avoid a situation in which well-intended solutions create additional pockets of disadvantage and exploitation.


It is important that you know where your food comes from, how it was reared and what conditions and methods have been used to bring the highest quality product to your table. Below are a list of suppliers that we have been using for years. We know and trust these suppliers absolutely and we work together to ensure the product is of the highest standard when you come to purchase it.
For over half a century Cracknell's Farm have been rearing poultry in a natural and traditional way. All our birds are free-range and additive free. The birds come onto the farm as day-old chicks and remain on the farm throughout their lives.
At any one time there are approximately 2,000 chickens roaming 9 acres of pasture, along with a couple hundred ducks.
Cracknell's farm is between Langport and Somerton just off the B3153 and is approximately 12 miles from our shop.
Hawkridge Farm have been supplying quality dairy produce for over 30 years. They are based near Crediton in Devon and supply us with farmhouse cheese and many of our Deli items.
Pococks Poultry specialises in the distribution of poultry and bacon products, and this year we are celebrating 165 years in business.
We remain a family business and are proud that family values continue to play an important part in our business practices, and our relationships with customers and suppliers.
Prestige Pork is based at Orchard Farm between the Blackdown and the Quantock Hills. Our pigs lead stress-free lives on our farm in the beautiful Somerset countryside. Here the pigs are free to roam in green fields, escape from the elements in their purpose built shelters, or wallow to their hearts' content in muddy puddles.
The goal of Prestige Pork is to produce the highest quality pork. We do this through a combination of good breeding, quality feed and exceptional pig welfare standards.
Our family has farmed in Wiltshire for many generations. Born and raised at Sandridge Farm, I followed in my fathers footsteps, and today grow mostly grain on 350 acres. This grain, together with yogurt, beer and cider yeast are milled at the farm, providing a well balanced diet for our pigs, free from artificial hormones, growth promoters and routine anti-biotics.
Sandridge Farm provides all of our Dry Cured bacon. From the products below choose the rind on, dry cured options to order products from this supplier.
Wessex Pork comes from a herd of pigs bred and reared on pasture west of Wellington in Somerset. The pigs originate from Wessex Saddlebacks that have been crossed with modern breeds noted for their taste and eating quality.
Sows and boars graze all year round on our farm paddocks with wallows and shelter. The piglets are weaned into straw yards in family groups.
The delicious taste and quality of this unique pork comes from the way the pigs are reared and kept on the farm.
Our beef is supplied by Dan White of Wick Farm which is located at the foot of Glastonbury Tor less than 2 miles from the shop. The cattle are 3/4 Aberdeen Angus and 1/4 Charolais, which are reared outdoors and grass fed for the highest quality beef cuts. All our beef is hung for 21 days prior to sale to ensure maximum quality and flavour.


Less expensive paper tends to be of a lower grade that isn't as strong or absorbent as other options — forcing building occupants to use additional towels to dry their hands. This excess use forces additional purchasing and when this happens, it stops being the cheapest.
With a higher grade of paper, people may only use two instead of three towels to dry their hands, causing less waste. In turn, the dispenser needs to be refilled less often. The initial cost of higher grade towels might be slightly more, but cleaners will see savings by minimizing purchasing frequencies and reducing labor costs.
When considering cutbacks on paper, it is also important to understand the needs and wants of the building occupant. With lower grade papers, towels will feel rougher. If softness is important, cleaners need to understand that they will have to pay for higher quality towels.
WE HAVE MOST ALL TYPES OF PAPER PRODUCTS, IF YOU DO NOT FIND WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR CALL OUR TOLL FREE # 1-888-242-2901, WE MAY HAVE IT OR CAN FIND IT FOR YOU.


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Steve Lawrence (born 1955) is a male retired British cyclist.

Cycling career
He represented England in the road race, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Four years later he represented England in the road race and team time trial, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He finished just outside the medals in fourth place in the road race but won a gold medal in the team time trial with Joseph Waugh, Malcolm Elliott and Bob Downs.

Lawrence was a two times National Champion in 1977 and 1980.

References

Living people
1955 births
British male cyclists
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Cyclists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome back to Judge of the Week! This week's rockstar plays basketball and maybe a little EDH when he's not teaching the teachers. Meet Theodoros Millidonis of the Presenters Training Team.
Why did you become a Judge? I have been playing MTG since 1998. I took a break from the game right after Mirrodin was released, and decided to come back during the original Innistrad era, and boy was that a good time to return as that set was amazing! I was pleasantly surprised to see that an organized play network had developed in Cyprus and the hobby was more vibrant than ever. Even so, Cyprus is a small place and the community needs constant nurturing in order to keep it active and to replace players that we lose due to them going abroad for studies or other reasons. Naturally, I saw becoming a judge as a great opportunity to foster the local scene and to help it expand, and so I took it!
Favorite card: Sensei's Divining Top! My EDH buddies constantly moan about how I always seem to have it in my opening hand every game! And aside from that it is a great card, I'm always happy to play it!
Commander General: Kaalia of the Vast, Riku of Two Reflections, Nekusar, the Mindrazer, Mayael the Anima, Ghave, Guru of Spores, The Mimeoplasm, Freyalise, Llanowar's Fury, Karador, Ghost Chieftain, Grenzo, Dungeon Warden, Atraxa, Praetors' Voice, Azami, Lady of Scrolls, Meren of Clan Nel Toth, Erebos, God of the Dead and constantly building more!!
Best tournament result: Winning a local PPTQ, reaching the Finals in a World Magic Cup Qualifier.
Random fact about yourself: I play basketball in the Cyprus Amateur League.
You were nominated for your work leading the conference's presenter training team. Can you tell us about this team? What does your leadership style look like?
The Presenters Training Team under the Conference Sphere is all about writing articles and delivering presentations as well as workshops on how our fellow judges can improve their public speaking skills and become excellent conference presenters. We already have a complete framework of materials available in the form of an almost exhaustive list of articles relating to presentations, and we have converted some of these articles into seminars that have already been delivered in various conferences around the world. I hope that we will be able to see more of our teachings related to improving presentation skills being implemented during judge conferences. Some of our articles have also been translated to other languages such as French and Spanish, which is a testimony to the success of the project's work.
The way I lead the Presenters Training Project is by means of encouraging creativity and idea generation within the team. I also tend to place a lot of value on feedback exchange and this affects the article production process as at the end of the day finalizing an article is always the result of an excellent group effort. For this, I express my endless thanks to all the other members of the project, you guys are the best!
Try to be positive, open to ideas, and willing to go the extra mile while performing any activity you take on. Don't be afraid to admit to mistakes being made, and be eager to learn something new every day. It is very important for one to be able to evaluate one's strengths and weaknesses. I have found out that it is precisely through utilizing my strengths, and trying to improve my weaknesses, that I am able to make a positive contribution to the Judge Program.
I have come to appreciate the importance of exchanging meaningful feedback as this is one of the pillars of individual and collective growth within the judge program. Exchanging feedback in the same way during everyday interactions is a fundamental component of being able to connect strongly with friends, family and colleagues, as it creates more genuine relationships between people. I would like to believe that I have become better at this aspect of life.
Rami Abdo – He is one of the people who inspired me to become a judge in the first place, having certified as a L1 some time before myself. As we have always been really close friends, this gave me the opportunity to see the judge experience through his eyes and this is what made me also want to become a judge. Ever since I certified, he has always been by my side for whatever questions I may have, and judging events with him is always an absolute pleasure. What I have learnt from him is that when you are focused on a task at hand, achieving anything is possible, and being organized really goes a long way when it comes to reducing stress.
Damian Hiller – Damian is the leader of the Conference Sphere and since the Presenters Training Team falls under that area, I interact with him quite often. Being such a positive and gentle person, Damian has shown me how you can use kindness to always support people around you and motivate them to perform to the best of their ability.
Giorgos Trichopoulos – Being the Europe East Regional Coordinator and also being very close to me since he is based in Cyprus has given me the ability to have many interactions with him. What is so impressive about him is how much he cares about the judge community and he has taught me that when you are passionate about things, this is infectious and you can always get others to follow you in your cause.
George Gavrilita – George was one of the leaders of the Presenters Training Team when I first joined them and I owe my current standing within the project largely to him. He is a very inspirational judge, and always an example to follow. He has taught me how to turn ideas into actions and results, by sharing them openly in order to get other judges involved, and by being a positive influence wherever he has any input!
I have been playing MTG for a long long time. I remember back in the day there was no organized play network in Cyprus and there were just a couple of stores selling MTG cards. At that time my friends and I were really into Warhammer and RPG's and in 1998 we met a guy called Drew, visiting Cyprus from the US, who later became a very good friend of ours, as he was also into fantasy stuff. Having in mind that we were playing Warhammer and RPG's, he thought it would be a good idea to teach us MTG as well, and was he right about that! I instantly loved it! At the very beginning, since we didn't have any cards, Drew would describe them to us along with their abilities and stats, and we would proceed to actually draw them, and then cut them out. A couple of months later, we chanced upon MTG cards being sold in one of the local stores! Needless to say, we were super excited about that as we bought our first cards and created a small playgroup enjoying the hobby casually for many years.
Search your library for an Artifact, Creature, Enchantment, Land, and Planeswalker cards, reveal them and put them into play.
I once lost my entire Magic Collection at a basketball court and then had to rebuild it all from scratch.
I am an avid skier and have competed in various semi professional skiing championships around the world.
I come from a musical family and have always been involved with music throughout my life.
Ralph Glätsch doesn't dance in tournaments, only for fun at parties.


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Posted on November 10, 2016 by John Hinderaker in Leftism
Violence on the Left
In America, political violence is pretty much exclusively a phenomenon of the Left. The election of Donald Trump has precipitated a wave of violence, which the New York Times acknowledges rather grudgingly:
Thousands of people across the country marched, shut down highways, burned effigies and shouted angry slogans on Wednesday night to protest the election of Donald J. Trump as president.
The demonstrations, fueled by social media, continued into the early hours of Thursday. The crowds swelled as the night went on but remained mostly peaceful.
I love how liberal reporters use "mostly peaceful" as a euphemism for "violent." And of course, these are merely "protests" and "demonstrations," all in the American tradition of free speech.
British readers of the Daily Mail got a far more accurate picture of what went on:
Violence has broken out at anti-Trump rallies across America overnight as tens of thousands marched against the President-elect before angry mobs attacked police, started fires and shut down highways.
The streets of downtown Oakland in California were choked with smoke Thursday as police launched tear gas and protesters lit fires, in what became by some distance the most violent of the many protests against the election of Donald Trump.
More than 6,000 protesters were seen on the streets of Oakland with an initially peaceful march down a cop-lined street turning nasty after some protesters threw bottles at officers and torched a police car. An office block was also attacked, daubed with 'f*** Trump' and 'kill Trump' graffiti and then set alight.
The photographs tell the story:
The Daily Mail describes Trump as "inflammatory." This is what I call inflammatory:
I'm so old, I can remember when people were being told they needed to accept the results of the election.
Jim Bouton, RIP
Al Shabab Strikes
Trump on Antifa
Alex Acosta and the story that couldn't be told
In his reply
The Week in Pictures: Head Exploding Edition
Scenes From a Starbucks
Alex Acosta and the story that couldn't be told
Leftist county races to the bottom in search for new police chief

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Boris Johnson: Elle Mag's First "Cover Boy"
While most women's magazine almost always feature a smiling blonde on the cover, Elle takes a different approach and picks Boris Johnson as their first "cover boy".
Boris not only posed for the limited edition "London" issue - produced to celebrate 25 years of London Fashion Week - but has also written the magazine's "editor's letter".
Lorraine Candy, Editor in Chief says: "It took six months to put this special collector's issue together. Which other monthly magazin could get Boris Johnson, Lily Allen, Pete Doherty and Dame Vivienne Westwood in the same issue?"
Let's just hope they're not planning to make this disshivelled-Mayor-cover-boy thing a habit.
Boris Johnson's Editor's Letter appears in the October issue of Elle Magazine.


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Private jet charterFly between faro and dublin
Hire a private jet charter between Faro and Dublin
Visiting Europe's vacation destinations in style just became possible because of LunaJets. Now travelers who aren't willing to trade in style for adventure have an option. Hiring a jet through the LunaJets app has made destinations that were too far away for a spur of the moment weekend getaway into simple stops on a weekend itinerary. When else could a visitor in Dublin, Ireland decide to hop a luxurious plane for an overnight stay in Faro, Portugal? Now these two amazing cities are at your fingertips whenever you feel the desire to start exploring.
Why Travel to Faro?
Parque Naturalda Rio Formosa
Faro is located in the southern region of Portugal, in the Algarve, one of Europe's most popular vacation spots. Faro is known for the Parque Naturalda Rio Formosa. This is an area of lagoons and mudflats that bring in beautiful wildlife all year long.
Ria Formosa Nature Park
Faro's Old Town
Faro's Old Town is a great way to get a true feel for the history of the city. It is a medieval town built on Roman ruins and you can feel the layers of history beneath your feet. While walking through, visit the Arco da Vila which is an archway built in 1812. While commissioned by Catholic Bishop, if you look you will find pieces of the original Arab entrance.
Faro Cathedral
The Faro Cathedral is yet another attraction in the city that reminds visitor of the vast history. of the area. From the Moorish period to Gothic to Renaissance to Baroque every point of history takes a seat in the cathedral. While it leaves the church looking a little unconventional in style, it is also does a beautiful job of representing the history that has walked through it.
Places to Stay in Faro
Hotel Faro
The Hotel Faro, located right in the city center, is a great location to have access to Faro's history, as well as the beauty of its marina. With sleek and contemporary rooms, the hotel offers views of the ocean, high end dining and an infinity pool.
AP Eva Senses
Staying at the AP Eva Senses in Faro is staying with an establishment that has made luxury European hotels their specialty. Rooms are minimalist in style but never fall short in elegance. Located across the street from Faro's marina, the AP Eva Senses offers high end dining, fitness and spa and a pool that feels as though you are surrounded by the area's famous mudflats.
Why Travel to Dublin?
Dublin, located on the Eastern side of Ireland, is the capital of a country that is known for its difficult history, natural beauty and welcoming charm. In recent years, Dublin has gone from a quaint stop on a tour to a tourism hub that caters to the tastes and desires of higher end clientele.
Visit Dublin Castle, built on the site of a 13th century Viking settlement. For much of its history it was an English headquarters. In 1922 it became an Irish government complex. Visitors can take tours throughout the day.
Kilmainham Gaol
For travelers that want to be immersed in the history of Ireland's fight for independence, a visit to Kilmainham Gaol is a must see. The jail was closed in 1924, but not before it housed, and executed, some of the most famous participants in the Irish Rebellion.
Places to Stay in Dublin
Fitzwilliam Hotel
Visitors looking for stately elegance in the heart of the city need look no further than the Fitzwilliam Hotel. Their rooms boast a contemporary design with splashes of vibrant color throughout. Their location is second to none with St. Stephen's green on one side and Grafton Street on the other.
Intercontinental Hotel Dublin
For travelers who do not want to be right in the middle of the city, the Intercontinental Hotel Dublin is a wonderful option. Located on two acres in the Ballsbridge neighborhood, the Intercontinental is a short walk to the city. The hotel offers gourmet dining, spa and luxurious accommodations.
Why Travel With Lunajets?
LunaJets caters to clients who have power and influence and are used to high standards when it comes to traveling. When they hire a private jet they expect quality and personal attention to detail when arranging their travel needs. LunaJets delivers on those expectations. LunaJets provides an advisory team who handles all the details of your getaway. Your team will arrange everything else from VIP transportation to personal needs while in flight. They only thing left for you to do is choose your destination.
Faro and Leeds Bradford


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Multi-Housing News (MHN) is an online publication focused on the apartment industry. It was also a print magazine between 1966 and July 2012.

History

Apartment Construction News
The magazine was started in 1966, as Apartment Construction News. Wesley Wise was hired as the magazine's first editor-in-chief.

In 1991, Gralla Publications merged with Miller Freeman Publications to create Miller Freeman, Inc. Nine years later, Dutch publishing company VNU acquired Miller Freeman, Inc. for $650 million in cash. VNU changed its name to Nielsen Holdings in 2007.

References

Online magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Magazines established in 1966
Magazines published in New York City
Online magazines with defunct print editions
Professional and trade magazines


Do you work at Usher Hall?
What did you think of Usher Hall?
My first visit and my last! Bar area is directly opposite the entrance doors so there is nowhere to get away from the cold weather. A member of staff had an outside door wide open near the staircase to the toilets - so the journey up and down to the toilets was accompanied by icy blasts. Hall itself was cold and draughty. Staff are not happy for people to wait for taxis inside the hall foyer and are desperate to get people to leave asap. A thoroughly cold miserable and depressing experience.


Who doesn't love an ICE festival in Chicago? Three programs on April 30 bring together longtime ICE members for three varied programs showcasing wildly diverse corners of the repertoire. The second show at The Promontory features the musical marriage of soprano Tony Arnold and pianist Jacob Greenberg, once-longtime Chicago residents and dedicated recital partners. Their OpenICE concert brings a modern rarity to the midwest: Helmut Lachenmann's epic 2007 piece Got Lost, which interweaves fragmented texts by Fernando Pessoa, Friedrich Nietzsche, and an English posting seen in a laundromat. A master of extended instrumental techniques, Lachenmann crafts an extravagantly virtuosic voice part alongside always-unexpected piano writing. Also on the program is a world premiere solo piece by Dai Fujikura, written for Jacob Greenberg: Bright Codes, a set of connected miniatures that evokes such disparate images as a military cryptograph and a children's toy with electric colored lights.


text:
Pausing with Dr. Richard J. Davidson
In episode 24 of The Pausecast...
Experience a loving-kindness guided pause with Davidson
How attention training changes your brain structure
What research is finding based on compassion practices
What's the ideal length to meditate
What to do if you don't meditate but you're committed to change
Benefits of a mediation practice
Davidson's pause & transformation practices
The four pillars of well-being and the mobile app to cultivate them
Percent of Americans currently meditating weekly (it's inspiring!)
Learn how you can contribute to the Center for Healthy Minds and receive two complimentary tickets to the Nov 13 event in Madison, WI: The World We Make
Listen on your player of choice:
RICHARD J. DAVIDSON, PHD
William James and Vilas Research Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry,
Founder and Director of the Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Davidson received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in Psychology and has been at Wisconsin since 1984.
He has published more than 400 articles, numerous chapters and reviews and edited 14 books. He is the author (with Sharon Begley) of "The Emotional Life of Your Brain" published by Penguin in 2012.
He is co-author with Daniel Goleman of "Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body."
Davidson was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time Magazine in 2006.
He serves on the Scientific Advisory Board at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences from 2011-2020 and current member of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Mental Health.
In 2017, he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine and in 2018 appointed to the Governing Board of UNESCO's Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP).
His research is broadly focused on the neural bases of emotion and emotional style and methods to promote human flourishing including meditation and related contemplative practices.
Support the Center for Healthy Minds with a donation of $1k or more to gets two complimentary tickets to the Center's celebration featuring Jon Kabat-Zinn & Richard J. Davidson. Purchase here: The World We Make.
Altered Traits: Talks At Google talk with Daniel Goleman (includes practice)
Altered Traits the book on Google Play
Richard J. Davidson, PhD site
Rachael O'Meara is a transformation leadership and executive coach who empowers overwhelmed, successful women to take back their lives and live a fulfilling, thriving life. She created The Pausecast to help listeners be more self-aware as they learn how to intentionally shift their behavior and live purposeful, empowered lives every day.
For the past ten years, Rachael's experience in sales and client services at Google has helped her have a pulse on what it takes to be a successful and thriving transformational leader.
She is certified in Transformational Coaching from the Wright Graduate University for the Realization of Human Potential and has an MBA from Fordham University.


text:
All-in-One Chip to Create New Drugs, Test Their Effectiveness
Blood Flow Measurement Using Tiny LED Catheter
FDA Clears Software to Spot Collapsed Lung in Chest X-rays
Exponential Medicine 2015 Day 3: Brain Science, Personalized Prosthetics, and Empathy
Michael Batista Exclusive
After another morning of healthy activities, Day 3 of Exponential Medicine 2015 started strong with a session on the microbiome led by Trustee of the XPRIZE Foundation, Lee Stein, and Paul Roben, Associate Vice Chancellor for Innovation & Technology at UCSD. Lee gave a personal account of his son's experience with Lyme disease. Lyme disease is treated with a cocktail of antibiotics that, while addressing the condition, had the costly result of completely destroying the patient's gut microbiome, the collection of all the microorganisms that live in conjunction with the human body. The challenge, therefore, as in cases like Lee's son, is how to reconstitute the gut microbiome after a antibiotic-heavy procedure. Paul then explained how the microbiome affects the central regulatory processes in the human body such as digestion, the immune system, and the nervous system. The culmination of the presentation was an announcement from UCSD Chancellor Pradeep Khosla of the Microbiome Initiative, a campus-wide effort to advance microbiome research through the intersection of many of UCSD's existing research programs.
The day's second session brought a line up of six speakers to discuss the future of the brain and neuromedicine. First up to set the stage was Dr. Divya Chander, an anesthesiologist and neuroscientist from Stanford University School of Medicine. Continuing many of the themes of last night's keynote by Dr. Leigh Hochberg, Divya discussed her work using non-invasive EEG capture to monitor the consciousness of her patients in real-time. The ability to visualize consciousness through these signals could eventually be used by anesthesiologists to manage the unconscious state during an operation in a new, patient-specific manner. Divya closed with her work on a new wearable technology that the patient would wear from end-to-end in a hospital visit to track sleep during the stay, monitor anesthesia during the operation, and track stress as the patient prepares to manage their health back at home before discharge.
Next, we heard from two startup executives from the brain science sector, Ariel Garton, Founder and CEO of Interaxon, creator of the Muse, and Dr. Jamie Tyler, Founder and CSO of Thync. Ariel told the story of Muse technology and reported on some recent successes where regular use of the Muse resulted in a 43% decrease in hospitalizations and clinical utilization in a population of 17,000 patients. Another study at Baycrest found that "musing" for 10 minutes per day, 6 days a week caused an improvement of the functioning of the somatic systems, increase in calm, and better cognition in stressful situations. Jamie began with a technical discussion on the research work that ultimately led to the creation of Thync's technology. Thync utilizes transcranial focused ultrasound to modulate brain activity. By modulating the cranial nerves, Thync can deactivate the sympathetic nervous system to reduce stress. The high resolution and specificity of the focused ultrasound signal apparently shatters that of transcranial magnetic stimulation.
In an inspiring talk of a patient turned entrepreneur, we heard from Derek Herrera, a paralyzed spinal cord veteran who is now the CEO of Spinal Singularity Inc. The company's focus is developing technology to solve the challenges of patients with spinal cord injury and disease. Their first product, the Connected Catheter, is designed to alert patients, who no longer have bladder sensation, when their bladder is full and provide an easy voiding process that removes the need for the patient to insert a catheter for drainage. In addition to receiving a number of accolades, like the Johnson & Johnson JLabs award, the company recently completed a successful Indiegogo campaign and will be moving into clinical trials next year.
Up next we heard from Dr. Arshya Vahabzadeh, Innovation Officer at the Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Academy and the Director of Digital Health for Brain Power, and Dr. Cori Lathan, CEO of AnthoTronix, Inc. Arshya spoke about how big data will play an important role in shaping the future of psychiatry. At Brain Power, a wearable smart glass technology is being developed for patients with autism. Also seeking to solve challenges in mental health, Cori's company was charged by the U.S. government to create mobile medical apps to solve the challenges of deployed men and women including combat fatigue, stress, depression, PTSD, and concussions from blast injuries. The solution was DANA, an FDA-cleared mobile medical app for cognitive assessment in the field. With the success of DANA, the company looked for other areas to apply their technology and found an opportunity to address dementia in the 66 million caregivers who provide care to someone who is ill, disabled or aged. These caregivers are the second victims of long-term chronic care. The company has now launched a healthy brain study for caregivers to use the technology behind DANA to measure their brain health with the goal of curbing the 1/3 of deaths caused in this population by dementia.
Dr. Jordan Amadio, Co-Founder of NeuroLaunch and a physician in neurosurgery at Emory University, spoke about a new accelerator program. NeuroLaunch is "the world's first neuroscience startup accelerator," providing funding ($20k-$100k), education (90-day curriculum), mentors, and partners. As with most accelerators, NeuroLaunch culminates in a Demo Day event for the companies to show off their work and drive traction. NeuroLaunch's goal is to provide neuroscience-specific startups a differentiated accelerator experience through a vertical focus and rapid validation.
To close this marathon session we heard from Will Henshaw, Founder and CEO of Focus@Will. Focus@Will, besides having one of the best startup names at the event, allows users to listen to music that creates an "on-demand flow state" for higher focus and productivity. Will shared some of his team's findings when it comes to listening to music while trying to be productive. First, don't listen to music you like, it can distract you if you're paying attention to it over your work. Second, don't listen to music with vocals, as this can also be distracting if you're thinking about the words. Third, the most easily distracting types of music are also some of the most popular: classic rock, jazz, and hip-hop. Finally, don't listen to music too loud, it's not for entertainment, it's to help you focus.
Attendees took a short break and explored the Innovation Lab before returning for Session 11, Crossing Disciplines. Dr. Eric Rasmussen, CEO of Infinitum Humanitarian Systems, and Jose Gomez, Director of the MIT Little Devices Lab both spoke about technology in underserved and developing countries. Eric, a previous FutureMed speaker, opened the session by promoting the message of disaster preparedness through data preparedness. One example where big data plays a role is in the fragmentation of resources at a disaster site. Using big data and mapping technology, disaster response teams can better focus relief resources where they are needed most. Jose spoke about the concept of medical black boxes and how, in developing countries, 90% of these medical black boxes are likely to fail within six months of arrival. He also showed one of the technologies developed at the Little Devices Lab, a diagnostic that quickly tests for Ebola, Dengue, and Yellow Fever in 10 minutes using silver nanoparticles.
Dr. Manish Kothari, Vice President of SRI Ventures, returned the discussion to robotics and SRI's work in this sector. While considering robotic suits for military personnel, a question Manish had to ask was whether to make Iron Man or Spider Man. Iron Man can do more but takes time to deploy, while Spider Man does less but is less intrusive to the user. SRI settled on the latter and is now developing the DARPA-funded Warrior Web, a wearable suit designed to decrease the metabolic cost of walking with loads. Development of the suit required the creation of new electronic materials such as electro laminates that can impart force while having a quick conformation change response. Besides the battlefield, other applications of the Warrior Web include muscular dystrophy, rehab, and maybe even getting people with spinal cord injuries back on their feet again.
For the final session before lunch, we heard from Komathi Stem, Strategic Innovation Leader at Genentech, and Milind Kamkoller, Global Head of Next-Gen Analytics. Komathi spoke about her work with Genentech applying design thinking to uncover new solutions to the clinical trial recruitment challenge. Genentech's solution was a de-centralized clinical trial (DCT) model that unlocked access by shifting the nodes in the network. In this model, patients are identified first and then mobilized to participate, in effect bringing the trials to the patients. As an example, in a typical n-120 rare disease trial, 67 sites in up to 11 countries might be identified with the hope that each site can enroll one patient a year for two years. Using a DCT metasite, patients were enrolled and began participation 20x faster with the use of fewer participating institutions all within the United States. Another poignant takeaway from Komathi's talk was the point that regulatory reasons are often the excuse given why changes aren't being made. However, the landscape in medicine is changing and pharmaceutical companies are beginning to realize this opportunity to apply new tools to solve old challenges. Closing up the session ahead of lunch, Milind spoke about the exponential shift from data science to behavioral science.
After lunch another series of breakout sessions included topics such as democratizing drugs and devices, understanding and working with the NHS, and another set of 10 pitches for the MEDy awards. Following this second round of breakout sessions, Donald Jones, Chief Digital Officer at the Scripps Translational Science Institute, addressed what has become a growing national concern that there will not be enough primary care providers (PCP) in the coming years, with the statistic that the number of nurse practitioners and physician assistants has doubled in recent years. Donald believes the death of the PCP is being quietly addressed by this shift to a new class of provider at the primary care level. These new resources combined with what he calls the "interlopers," urgent care, retail clinics, telemedicine services, and others, will serve half of all primary care needs by 2018-2019. Patients are playing a big role in this trend as they begin to dictate how they access healthcare with a priority on convenience and price.
Scott Summit, Founder and CTO of Bespoke Innovations, and Eythor Bender, CEO of Unyq, concluded Session 13 by discussing the work at their respective companies, each of which specializes in personalized artificial appendages. Both showed examples of their products used for the treatment of physical ailments such as fractures and scoliosis. Scott emphasized how his company is bringing fashion into their design and customization process because "in 3D printing, complexity is free." Eythor spoke about how after tackling scoliosis, Unyq began working with veterans and diabetics. One of the veterans using Unyq technology came to the stage to speak about his personal experiences and the return of dignity that well-designed, patient-centric prostheses can provide. Both companies offer a mobile application to support the customization and design of their technologies.
Session 14, Regenerative Medicine & Longevity, was kicked off by none other than our moderator, Dr. Daniel Kraft. Daniel likely covered about twice as much material as any other speaker in a talk that began with a stem cell tutorial and branched into the numerous ongoing works and applications of stem cells and regenerative medicine, such as incorporating stem cells with a donor's cells into a decellularized trachea to grow a new, functioning biological structure. Daniel concluded with his belief that, while regenerative medicine has received a lot of hype in recent years, we are finally entering a period where real-world applications to help real patients can be realized.
Two representatives from Human Longevity, Inc (HLI), Chief Information Officer Dr. Yaron Turpaz, and Chief Medical Officer Dr. Brad Perkins, next spoke about HLI's impressive work in human genomics. HLI, founded in 2013 by Dr. J. Craig Venter and Dr. Robert Hariri, is working to generate a comprehensive database of human genotypes and phenotypes to address aging-related diseases. Currently, HLI is collaborating with pharmaceutical companies and early adopters who agree that every patient in a clinical trial should have their genome sequenced and evaluated as part of the trial. They've also begun working with insurers like Discovery Ltd in South Africa and the United Kingdom to offer sequencing to members as part of a program to incentivize healthy living. Part of HLI's effort includes seeing patients in the Health Nucleus, the first clinical center to include advanced genomics and other omic measures as part of the patient evaluation process. HLI's long-term three phase plan includes: (I) establishing feasibility and risk profiles, (II) developing new care models, and (III) realizing health impact. They are currently in Phase I.
Transitioning right into Session 15, Unmentionables, Patient, and Doctor Included, Alexandra Drane, Founder and Chief Visionary Officer of Eliza Corporation, hearkened back to Dr. Alex Jadad's concept that the definition of health is skewed. Alexandra's approach is to consider life as part of the equation. Looking at data from patients evaluated against a vulnerability index, patients identified as "highly vulnerable" were 2.6x as likely to struggle with diabetes, 5x as likely to experience behavioral health issues, and cost the healthcare system 5x more than other patients. Multiple studies have found that work, financial, and relationship stresses have a significant, quantifiable impact on patient health and longevity. For example, individuals caring for aging parents have a 2x higher risk for having a chronic disease. In order to design solutions that take these factors into account, Alexandra points to empathy.
Next, we heard from Stephen Keating. While Steven is a postdoctoral fellow from the MIT Media Lab, he spoke to the audience as a patient. Within the last year, Steven underwent a dangerous awake brain surgery to remove a brain tumor in his frontal lobe. While the surgery was a success, Steven's experience before, during, and after the procedure opened his eyes to the fact that patients sometimes end up having the least amount of access to their information. The limitations he experienced came from interoperability standards, liabilities, and policies. For example, after the procedure was completed, Steven donated a piece of his tumor to be genetically sequenced. While his doctor and nurse had access to the results, Steven was not given the ability to view his own genomic information. A concerning policy example Steve also mentioned is an exception in the Common Rule which allows studies to avoid IRB approval if they ensure patients will not get their data back after the study. The exact opposite should be the case, he said. While a "hospital share button" doesn't exist today, one positive note on the horizon is that Meaningful Use Part 3 identifies the need for EMR APIs.
Dr. Steven Eisenberg, Co-Founder and Chief Medical Officer of Workup, closed the session with a message of bringing compassion and presence to every patient relationship. Steven accurately summarized the message of this session with the quote, "illness starts with I, wellness starts with we."
Before the final session of the day, the winners of the MEDy (Medical Entrepreneurship and Disruption) awards were announced. The awards are given to four companies participating in a small pitch event which took place during the breakout sessions. The winners of this years MEDy awards were:
Outstanding Pitch: Sense.ly
One to Watch: Beyond Verbal
Convergence: X2Ai
Most Disruptive: Universal Diagnostics
Stay tuned for more details about the companies from the Healthcare Innovation Hub, including those above, following Medgadget's event coverage of Exponential Medicine 2015.
To wrap up the second full day of the conference was a powerhouse duo of keynotes by Dr. Dean Ornish, Founder and Director of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute and clinical professor at UCSF, and Dr. Peter Diamandis, Executive Director of Singularity University and CEO of XPRIZE, among other titles. Dean spoke here two years ago about his surprisingly low-tech, lifestyle driven program to address heart failure and other medical conditions. The program is based on the tenants of eating a plant-based diet, receiving stress management resources, moving more, and most importantly, loving more. Dean presented more outcomes from his work showing that men with early stage prostate cancer can reduce, stop, and even reverse progression of their disease solely through lifestyle changes. In this population, Dean identified a number of positive biological changes including the down-regulation of 501 cancer-related genes, a 30% increase in the length of telomerase, a biomarker implicated in the progression of aging, and a suppression of VEGF, a tumor angiogenesis factor that normally requires expensive drugs to reduce. Looking at patients on the program with diabetes, Dean believes lifestyle changes are better at preventing and reversing type II diabetes than drugs. Recognizing the criticism that some see the fourth tenant of his program as "soft," Dean emphasized the point that the impact of love in his patients lives from their care team, family, and friends did play an important role in the betterment of their health and wellbeing. Corroborating these results, Dean pointed to the EPIC-Potsdam study (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition), that showed that walking more, eating a reasonable diet, and maintaining a healthy weight prevented 93% of diabetes, 81% of heart attacks, 50% of strokes, and 36% of all cancers.
Expanding the scope of the discussion, Dean gave examples of how one part of this lifestyle program, food choices, directly influences other major global challenges such as the energy crisis and global warming. For example, given that a 1/3 pound burger represents over 4,000 gallons of water that went into its production, simply not eating a burger does more for the environment than taking a shorter shower. He also commented on how he believes the globalization of illness is a result of changing lifestyles around the world, many of which are starting to mimic the unhealthy, unsustainable lifestyle of western culture.
After Dean's commentary, Peter Diamandis, the evening's second keynote, joined Daniel on stage to share some of his thoughts on the status and trajectory of exponential technologies and take some questions from the audience. This editor also had the chance to briefly sit down with Peter to capture more of his thoughts off the stage. When asked about the objectives of Exponential Medicine, Peter described the event as a way for those within healthcare to keep pace with what is going on across the broad range of innovative work that is being done in medicine. Here, he explained, is where some of the greatest minds in medicine come to set their expectations and hit the reset button for their trajectories. As we've heard before, Peter continues to advocate for the concept of making each individual the CEO of their own health. To get there, Peter believes that we will reach the point within the next five years where computations about ourselves and our environment will be constantly running in the background to look at meaningful correlations that become valuable to the individual. In terms of an example of how conventional healthcare businesses are responding to changes in technology, Peter pointed to the collaboration between HLI, of which Peter is a Co-Founder and Vice Chairman, and Discovery Ltd, an insurance company. Traditionally, insurance companies look at a patient's health and family history and charge a rate. Now, Discovery Ltd. is partnering with HLI to offer a flat rate to patients, independent of their medical condition and history, as long as they allow for a complete genome sequencing. Finally, when asked about the success of the XPRIZE competition winners after the competition, Peter explained that there is no structured programatic support beyond the program but continued general support is available. For many of the companies, the next step is identifying the correct market fit outside the strictures of the competition.
And with that, the third day is a wrap. Today was a testament to the density of excellent content this conference brings to bear. Stay tuned for one more day of coverage as we wrap up Exponential Medicine 2015.
Previously: Exponential Medicine 2015 Day 1: Genomics, Big Data, AI, and Bitcoin?; Exponential Medicine 2015 Day 2: Innovation Needs Patient Context
Michael Batista
Michael Batista is a Baltimore-based editor motivated by disruptive innovation at the intersection of technology and healthcare. He holds a dual B.S. in materials and bioengineering from MIT and conducted graduate work in biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins in the Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Design. At Johns Hopkins, Michael was involved in early stage medical technology development before diving into the world of digital healthcare. Since 2014, he has been the CEO of the digital health startup, Quantified Care (https://www.quantifiedcare.com/).


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text:
class Parser;
class CompileScriptException;

namespace JsUtil
{
    class JobManager;
    class WaitableJobManager;
    class SingleJobManager;
    class WaitableSingleJobManager;
    class JobProcessor;
    class ForegroundJobProcessor;
    class BackgroundJobProcessor;
    struct ParallelThreadData;

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Job
    //
    // Base class for jobs that can be sent to a job processor for processing
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class Job : public DoublyLinkedListElement<Job>
    {
        friend SingleJobManager;
        friend WaitableSingleJobManager;

    private:
        JobManager *manager;

        // Jobs may be aborted if the job processor is closed while there are still queued jobs, or if a job manager is removed
        // while it still has jobs queued to the job processor. Critical jobs are not aborted and rather processed during the
        // JobProcessor::Close call. Aborted jobs are not processed and instead the job manager is notified with
        // JobManager::JobProcessed(succeeded = false).
        const bool isCritical;

    private:
        Job(const bool isCritical = false);
    public:
        Job(JobManager *const manager, const bool isCritical = false);

#if ENABLE_DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
        enum class FailureReason
        {
            NotFailed,
            OOM,
            StackOverflow,
            Aborted
        };
        FailureReason failureReason;
#endif

    public:
        JobManager *Manager() const;
        bool IsCritical() const;
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // JobManager
    //
    // Base class for job managers that provide and know how to process jobs. Implementers who wish to be able to wait for a job
    // or job manager should derive from WaitableJobManager.
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class JobManager : public DoublyLinkedListElement<JobManager>
    {
        friend WaitableJobManager;
        friend JobProcessor;
        friend ForegroundJobProcessor;
        friend BackgroundJobProcessor;

    private:
        JobProcessor *const processor;
        unsigned int numJobsAddedToProcessor;

        // Only job managers derived from WaitableJobManager support waiting for a job or the job manager's queued jobs
        const bool isWaitable;

    protected:
        JobManager(JobProcessor *const processor);
    private:
        JobManager(JobProcessor *const processor, const bool isWaitable); // only for use by WaitableJobManager

    public:
        JobProcessor *Processor() const;

    protected:
        // Called by the job processor (outside the lock) to process a job. A job manager may choose to return false to indicate
        // a failure. Throwing OutOfMemoryException or OperationAbortedException also indicate a processing failure.
        // 'pageAllocator' will be null if the job is being processed in the foreground.
        virtual bool Process(Job *const job, ParallelThreadData *threadData) = 0;

        // Called soon after Process by the job processor (inside the lock) to indicate that a job was processed. The
        // 'succeeded' parameter will be false if Process returned false, or threw one of the exceptions that trigger a failure
        // (see comments for Process). A job manager may choose to delete the job during this call.
        virtual void JobProcessed(Job *const job, const bool succeeded) = 0;

        // Called by the job processor (inside the lock) after the last job queued by the job manager to the job processor, is
        // processed. A job manager may choose to remove itself from the job processor and optionally delete itself during this
        // call, provided that it doesn't happen during a call that passes in the job manager as a parameter. For instance, a
        // job manager must not remove or delete itself during any calls to AddManager, RemoveManager, or Prioritize functions.
        virtual void LastJobProcessed();

        // JobProcessor (particularly background jobProcessor) can invoke multiple threads to process the jobs.
        // Manager will get one call back for each spawned thread before the AddManager call completes.
        // This is called outside any lock.
        virtual void ProcessorThreadSpecificCallBack(PageAllocator *pageAllocator);

        // Called when background thread page allocator is decommitted (currently after 1 idle second).
        virtual void OnDecommit(ParallelThreadData *threadData);

        // The following functions are called by the job processor in response to JobProcessor::AddJobAndProcessProactively,
        // PrioritizeManagerAndWait, PrioritizeJob, or PrioritizeJobAndWait. They are not virtual functions because the
        // aforementioned functions are templates that take the actual type of the manager, so derived job managers that wish to
        // use the aforementioned functions should implement these functions (and hence hide the base bare-bones
        // implementations).
        //
        // Job *GetJobToProcessProactively();
        //     Called by the job processor as part of PrioritizeManagerAndWait (outside the lock) when its job queue depletes,
        //     to obtain a job to process proactively. A job manager that does not have a job to provide should return 0. Jobs
        //     provided by this function will be processed in the calling thread, so the job manager must support this.
        //
        // Job *GetJob(const <job holder type> jobHolder) const;
        //     Called in response to PrioritizeJob or PrioritizeJobAndWait (inside the lock), to get the job from the job
        //     holder. The purpose of this is that the job processor does not know the lifetime of a job. When a job manager
        //     asks the job processor to prioritize a job and wait for it, by passing in a job directly, that contract doesn't
        //     make sense because the job manager must ensure that the job object is not deleted during the call. If the job
        //     manager wants to delete jobs after they're processed, it cannot guarantee that. So, the job manager provides a
        //     job holder, and GetJob would then return the associated Job object if it's not yet processed, or 0 if it was
        //     already processed. This function and JobProcessed are both called from inside the lock to enable deterministic
        //     determination of whether a job is already processed, and if it hasn't been processed, to ensure that is won't be
        //     processed until it is prioritized and the lock is released.
        //
        // bool WasAddedToJobProcessor(JsUtil::Job *const job) const;
        //     Called in response to PrioritizeJob or PrioritizeJobAndWait (inside the lock), to determine whether the job to
        //     prioritize was actually added to the job processor. Again, the job processor does not know this if the job
        //     manager has other jobs that are not yet queued to the job processor. However, since doing this check and
        //     prioritizing the job must both happen within a lock, a job manager should always call PrioritizeJob or
        //     PrioritizeJobAndWait on the job processor to prioritize jobs that have or have not been added to the job
        //     processor, and then use the return value of this function to indicate to the job processor whether the job was
        //     added to the job processor.
        //
        // bool ShouldProcessInForeground(const bool willWaitForJob, const unsigned int numJobsInQueue) const;
        //     Called by the BackgroundJobProcessor in response to PrioritizeJob or PrioritizeJobAndWait (inside the lock), to
        //     determine whether the job may be processed in the current (foreground) thread synchronously.
        //
        // void Prioritize(JsUtil::Job *const job, const bool forceAddJobToProcessor = false);
        //     Called in response to PrioritizeJob or PrioritizeJobAndWait (inside the lock), if false is returned from
        //     WasAddedToJobProcessor. If the initial call was PrioritizeJobAndWait, the job processor will pass
        //     forceAddToJobProcessor = true since it needs to wait for the job, and the job manager should ensure to add the
        //     job to the job processor during the Prioritize call in that case.
        //
        // void PrioritizedButNotYetProcessed(JsUtil::Job *const job) const;
        //     Called in response to PrioritizeJob (inside the lock), if the job was not yet processed. May be useful for
        //     tracking how often the job manager asks to prioritize jobs and the jobs are not yet processed. Although the
        //     return value of PrioritizeJob also indicates whether the job was already processed, work done in this function
        //     may need to use the job object, in which case it's necessary to ensure that the job won't be deleted during that
        //     time, and hence the existence of this function and why it's called inside the lock.
        //
        // void BeforeWaitForJob(Js::FunctionBody *const functionBody) const;
        // void AfterWaitForJob(Js::FunctionBody *const functionBody) const;
        //     Called in response to PrioritizeJobAndWait (outside the lock), before and after waiting for the prioritized job
        //     to be processed, respectively.
        //
        // The following are bare-bones implementations of some of the above functions and should be hidden if a job manager
        // wishes to provide its own implementation.
        Job *GetJobToProcessProactively();
        bool ShouldProcessInForeground(const bool willWaitForJob, const unsigned int numJobsInQueue) const;
        void Prioritize(JsUtil::Job *const job, const bool forceAddJobToProcessor = false, void* function = nullptr) const;
        void PrioritizedButNotYetProcessed(JsUtil::Job *const job) const;
        void BeforeWaitForJob(bool) const;
        void AfterWaitForJob(bool) const;
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // WaitableJobManager
    //
    // Base class for job managers that provide and know how to process jobs, and wish to be able to wait for a job or job
    // manager.
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class WaitableJobManager : public JobManager
    {
        friend BackgroundJobProcessor;

    private:
        Job *jobBeingWaitedUpon;
        Event jobBeingWaitedUponProcessed;
        bool isWaitingForQueuedJobs;
        Event queuedJobsProcessed;

    protected:
        WaitableJobManager(JobProcessor *const processor);
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // SingleJobManager
    //
    // Base class for a job manager that queues a single job, to quickly create the job processing implementation inline and
    // queue the job. Since this class derives from JobManager, it does not support waiting and hence, it must be heap-allocated
    // and a derived class should override LastJobProcessed to remove itself from the job processor and delete itself. Derived
    // classes need only override Process and LastJobProcessed.
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class SingleJobManager : public JobManager
    {
        friend ForegroundJobProcessor;
        friend BackgroundJobProcessor;

    private:
        JsUtil::Job job;
        bool processed;

    protected:
        SingleJobManager(JobProcessor *const processor, const bool isCritical = false);

    public:
        void AddJobToProcessor(const bool prioritize);

    protected:
        virtual void JobProcessed(JsUtil::Job *const job, const bool succeeded) override;

        JsUtil::Job *GetJob(bool);
        bool WasAddedToJobProcessor(JsUtil::Job *const job) const;
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // WaitableSingleJobManager
    //
    // Base class for a job manager that queues a single job, to quickly create the job processing implementation inline and
    // queue the job. This class supports waiting for a job and hence, does not delete itself automatically. As a result, it's
    // possible to instantiate this class on the stack, and queue the job and wait for it, all inline without any heap
    // allocation. Derived classes need only override the Process function.
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class WaitableSingleJobManager : public WaitableJobManager
    {
        friend ForegroundJobProcessor;
        friend BackgroundJobProcessor;

    private:
        JsUtil::Job job;
        bool processed;

    protected:
        WaitableSingleJobManager(JobProcessor *const processor, const bool isCritical = false);

    public:
        void AddJobToProcessor(const bool prioritize);
        void WaitForJobProcessed();

    protected:
        virtual void JobProcessed(JsUtil::Job *const job, const bool succeeded) override;

        JsUtil::Job *GetJob(bool);
        bool WasAddedToJobProcessor(JsUtil::Job *const job) const;
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // JobProcessor
    //
    // Base class for job processors.
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class JobProcessor
    {
    private:
        bool processesInBackground;
    protected:
        DoublyLinkedList<JobManager> managers;
        DoublyLinkedList<Job> jobs;
    private:
        bool isClosed;

    protected:
        JobProcessor(const bool processesInBackground);

    public:
        // Ideally, a job manager should not need to depend on this, but there may be cases where it's needed (such as if
        // processing jobs needs to support the -profile switch)
        bool ProcessesInBackground() const;

        // Ideally, a job manager should not need to depend on this, but there may be cases where it's needed (such as if the
        // job manager needs to queue a critical cleanup job to the job processor when it's being destructed, it may need to
        // check first if the job processor is already closed, because it's illegal then)
        bool IsClosed() const;

        // A job manager generally should not need to take the lock, as most functions called by the job processor are called
        // from inside the lock as necessary. The main exception is when adding a job to the job processor; a job manager must
        // call JobProcessor::AddJob inside the lock. Use it sparingly.
        CriticalSection *GetCriticalSection();

        // Adds or removes a job manager
        virtual void AddManager(JobManager *const manager);
        virtual void RemoveManager(JobManager *const manager) = 0;
        bool HasManager(JobManager *const manager) const;
        template<class Fn> void ForEachManager(Fn fn);

        // Prioritizes a job manager, and optionally processes its jobs for a certain amount of time. When a job manager is
        // prioritized, its jobs are moved to the front of the queue. If the queue depletes of this job manager's jobs, the job
        // processor will call JobManager::GetJobToProcessProactively to proactively process jobs that have not yet been queued,
        // until the time limit. See comments in JobManager for details on why templates are used.
        void PrioritizeManager(JobManager *const manager);
        template<class TJobManager> void PrioritizeManagerAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const unsigned int milliseconds = INFINITE);

        // Add a job to the queue, and optionally put it in front of the queue. Must be called from inside the lock. A job
        // manager should use JobManager::AcquireLock and JobManager::ReleaseLock for this purpose.
        virtual void AddJob(Job *const job, const bool prioritize = false);

        // Must be called from inside the lock
        virtual bool RemoveJob(Job *const job);

        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder>
        void AddJobAndProcessProactively(TJobManager *const jobManager, const TJobHolder holder);

        // Prioritizes a job by moving it to the front of the queue. For details on what more happens during this and on why
        // templates are used, see comments in JobManager. PrioritizeJob returns true if the job was already processed.
        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> bool PrioritizeJob(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);
        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> void PrioritizeJobAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);

        virtual void AssociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) = 0;
        virtual void DissociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) = 0;

    protected:
        void JobProcessed(JobManager *const manager, Job *const job, const bool succeeded);
        void LastJobProcessed(JobManager *const manager);

    public:
        // Closes the job processor and closes the handle of background threads.
        virtual void Close();
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // ForegroundJobProcessor
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    class ForegroundJobProcessor sealed : public JobProcessor
    {
        friend BackgroundJobProcessor;

    public:
        ForegroundJobProcessor();

    public:
        virtual void RemoveManager(JobManager *const manager) override;
        template<class TJobManager> void PrioritizeManagerAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const unsigned int milliseconds = INFINITE);

        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder>
        void AddJobAndProcessProactively(TJobManager *const jobManager, const TJobHolder holder);

        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> bool PrioritizeJob(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);
        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> void PrioritizeJobAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);

    private:
        // Calls JobManager::Process, handling specific exception types. The return value indicates whether the job succeeded
        // (true) or failed (false).
        static bool Process(Job *const job);

        virtual void Close() override;

        virtual void AssociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) override;
        virtual void DissociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) override;
    };

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // BackgroundJobProcessor
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    struct ParallelThreadData
    {
        HANDLE threadHandle;
        bool isWaitingForJobs;
        bool canDecommit;
        Job *currentJob;
        Event threadStartedOrClosing; //This is only used for shutdown scenario to indicate background thread is shutting down or starting
        PageAllocator backgroundPageAllocator;
        ArenaAllocator *threadArena;
        BackgroundJobProcessor *processor;
        Parser *parser;
        CompileScriptException *pse;

        ParallelThreadData(AllocationPolicyManager* policyManager) :
            threadHandle(0),
            isWaitingForJobs(false),
            canDecommit(true),
            currentJob(nullptr),
            threadStartedOrClosing(false),
            backgroundPageAllocator(policyManager, Js::Configuration::Global.flags, PageAllocatorType_BGJIT,
                                    (AutoSystemInfo::Data.IsLowMemoryProcess() ?
                                     PageAllocator::DefaultLowMaxFreePageCount :
                                     PageAllocator::DefaultMaxFreePageCount)),
            threadArena(nullptr),
            processor(nullptr),
            parser(nullptr),
            pse(nullptr)
            {
            }

        PageAllocator* const GetPageAllocator() { return &backgroundPageAllocator; }
        bool CanDecommit() const { return canDecommit; }
    };

    class BackgroundJobProcessor sealed : public JobProcessor
    {
    private:
        CriticalSection criticalSection;
        Event jobReady;                 //This is an auto reset event, only one thread wakes up when the event is signaled.
        Event wakeAllBackgroundThreads; //This is a manual reset event.
        unsigned int numJobs;
        ThreadContextId threadId;
        ThreadService *threadService;

        unsigned int threadCount;
        unsigned int maxThreadCount;
        ParallelThreadData **parallelThreadData;

#if DBG_DUMP
        static  wchar_t const * const  DebugThreadNames[16];
#endif

    public:
        BackgroundJobProcessor(AllocationPolicyManager* policyManager, ThreadService *threadService, bool disableParallelThreads);
        ~BackgroundJobProcessor();

    private:
        bool WaitWithThread(ParallelThreadData *parallelThreadData, const Event &e, const unsigned int milliseconds = INFINITE);

        bool WaitWithThreadForThreadStartedOrClosingEvent(ParallelThreadData *parallelThreadData, const unsigned int milliseconds = INFINITE);
        void WaitWithAllThreadsForThreadStartedOrClosingEvent();
        bool WaitForJobReadyOrShutdown(ParallelThreadData *threadData); //Returns true for JobReady event is signaled.
        void IndicateNewJob();
        bool AreAllThreadsWaitingForJobs();
        uint NumberOfThreadsWaitingForJobs ();
        Job* GetCurrentJobOfManager(JobManager *const manager);
        ParallelThreadData * GetThreadDataFromCurrentJob(Job* job);

        void InitializeThreadCount();
        void InitializeParallelThreadData(AllocationPolicyManager* policyManager, bool disableParallelThreads);
        void InitializeParallelThreadDataForThreadServiceCallBack(AllocationPolicyManager* policyManager);

    public:
        virtual void AddManager(JobManager *const manager) override;
        virtual void RemoveManager(JobManager *const manager) override;
        template<class Fn> void ForEachManager(Fn fn); //This takes lock for criticalSection
        template<class TJobManager> void PrioritizeManagerAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const unsigned int milliseconds = INFINITE);

        virtual void AddJob(Job *const job, const bool prioritize = false) override;
        virtual bool RemoveJob(Job *const job) override;

        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder>
        void AddJobAndProcessProactively(TJobManager *const jobManager, const TJobHolder holder);

        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> bool PrioritizeJob(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);
        template<class TJobManager, class TJobHolder> void PrioritizeJobAndWait(
            TJobManager *const manager,
            const TJobHolder holder,
            void* function = nullptr);

        // Calls JobManager::Process, handling specific exception types. The return value indicates whether the job succeeded
        // (true) or failed (false).
        bool Process(Job *const job, ParallelThreadData *threadData);
        bool IsBeingProcessed(Job *job);

        CriticalSection * GetCriticalSection() { return &criticalSection; }

        //Iterates each background thread, callback returns true when it needs to terminate the iteration.
        template<class Fn>
        bool IterateBackgroundThreads(Fn callback)
        {
            for (uint i = 0; i < this->threadCount; i++)
            {
                if (callback(this->parallelThreadData[i]))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

    private:
        void Run(ParallelThreadData *threadData);

    public:
        virtual void Close() override;
        virtual void AssociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) override;
        virtual void DissociatePageAllocator(PageAllocator* const pageAllocator) override;

    private:
        static unsigned int WINAPI StaticThreadProc(void *lpParam);
        static int ExceptFilter(LPEXCEPTION_POINTERS pEP);

        static void CALLBACK ThreadServiceCallback(void * callbackData);
    };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
drab - bird
Hailing from Boston Massachusetts Drab is a female fronted three piece that plays discordant indie pop. The music on Bird is combination of distorted guitar, bass and drums and lies somewhere in between Ex Hex and Veruca Salt. Musically, the EP can sometimes be creatively engaging if sparse. The female vocals are stripped and attractive despite the lack of technical approach.
Toward the latter portion of the album specifically on "Spare Me" we get to hear a single-worthy sound or at least it's as catchy as this band gets. They pride themselves on discordance, acting like a roadblock from anything sounding too easy to swallow. The guitar often has an off-putting overtone to it thanks to the heavy use of minor 2nds and other jarring intervals.
"Woe Is You, Woe Is Me" has some strong guitar and a kind of Jimi Hendrix grunge to it. The interlude of upper register melody could probably be better placed because it robs the groove of really developing in the initial introduction. To my appreciation, the second coming was given appropriate room and it was an engraining musical moment. Alas, there just wasn't that many as a whole, putting this album at risk of being lost in the scene.
"Save it for the firing squad" starts with a subtle guitar that is combined with attractive female vocals. The song builds some momentum but never feels like it completely takes off with energy. Nonetheless, a solid song. They close with "Valley of the underdog" which is another highlight on par with "Spare". The guitar parts here are inventive and especially enjoyed the wall of distortion they build towards the end of the song.
Drab can sometimes feel drab. In other words, Bird demonstrates their appeal to the artistically mundane by sometimes forgetting the flavor of grunge rock and throwing in an dollop of estranged contemporary. Still with me? Aspiring garage acts, female-led or not, this is a stepping stone piece for the band. I'm sure this group is working and evolving their sound all while opening up to options in the studio. Their other release should definitely be explored. Something tells me the best is still yet to come and I hear some of it on Unicorn. So there's that.


text:
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Nevada Economic Assessment Project Newsletter (2021-10 Iss. 01)
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The Nevada Economic Assessment Project (NEAP) is a statewide program that develops a comprehensive data repository of county quantitative and qualitative baseline data to be used to assess local planning and economic development initiatives. The program also provides individual counties with economic impact assessment models to analyze industries and activities associated with policy decisions. NEAP was created by a group of public entities in Nevada in order to help our communities create a quantitative backing for decision making.
The goal of NEAP is to develop and maintain an extensive county-based data repository and set of analytical tools that are meaningful, consistent and verifiable.
GO TO NEAP WEBSITE
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The United States Forest Service and the United States Bureau of Land Management manage a majority of the lands in Nevada. However, they understand the need to use those lands for the public good and the overall benefit of Nevadans. In the years leading up to NEAP, these organizations experienced trouble finding reliable and consistent data throughout all of Nevada, especially the rural communities. To properly access economic impacts with land usage, the organizations needed this data and approached Buddy Borden and Tom Harris to rectify the situation. Henceforth, NEAP was born out of this collaboration. Shortly after that, the Nevada Association of Counties (NACO) was approached to join as well. NACO is a longtime supporter and partner of Extension. NACO agreed and saw the need and benefit to the communities across Nevada from its partnership with NEAP. Further into the program, the USDA Rural Development approached the NEAP and also asked to be a part of it seeing the great strides taken in providing consistent datasets throughout Nevada.
All of NEAP's data, including fact sheets, reports and articles, can be found on our website. Our website is divided into pages that are represented by each county; of Nevada's 17 counties, 15 have been completed with initial baseline data with only Clark and Washoe to be completed.
NEAP's process is designed to integrate research and county-based education that takes three months to complete per county. While the process of delivering NEAP to a county has changed since the pandemic, the deliverables have remained the same. Since the pandemic, county workshops and informational sessions have been conducted virtually. However, as restrictions are being lifted, the team has been able to present in person at some locations.
Data Repository centered with Demographics, Social Characteristics, Economics, Industry Performers, Land Use and Fiscal Characteristics, Community Assets.
Over the last 36 months, NEAP has been implemented in 15 Nevada counties that have generated the following deliverables:
15 baseline reports
4 technical reports
85 infographic fact sheets
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NEAP outputs have been used for land use planning, policy assessment, economic impact analyses and federal grant applications (NIFA, NEPA, etc.). Along these lines, NEAP has contributed to other existing programs like CEDS. The data repository is designed to be updated and re-implemented into community projections, so that community planning is made easier.
Each county has its own landing page for citizens and county leaders to access NEAP deliverables or to check in on any updates, such as new reports, fact sheets, and surveys. Currently, 15 of the 17 counties are active with full NEAP reports and fact sheets.
Oudoor Recreation areas: Hunting, trapping, fishing, boating, off-highway vehicle travel, non-motorized travel, camping and picnicking, snow activities, viewing, specialized events & activities.
NEAP is adding outdoor recreation visitation and expenditure data to its repository.
Outdoor recreation is an economic driver for all counties in Nevada. Over the last year, NEAP's team has started working with state and federal agencies to collect outdoor recreation data by county, agency district and individual recreational site. This data will be part of each county's data repository and assist with outdoor recreation statistics and estimating impacts. NEAP's team has defined outdoor recreation under eight categories, which can seen below. These categories are defined by specific outdoor recreation activities that will be detailed in future reports. Economic impacts will be estimated using county impact models to help manage and plan future outdoor recreation sites and activities. Finally, strategies are under discussion on how to collect outdoor recreation data better and provide the best information for decision making.
In-Depth Hunting Expenditure Surveying Coming to a Close
The Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) is the state agency responsible for the management of fish and wildlife resources throughout Nevada. NDOW partnered with NEAP personnel to survey hunters in Nevada regarding visitation, travel and expenditure patterns. This study is the first comprehensive study of big game hunting-related expenditures specifically for Nevada since 1988 and is the first study ever of upland game hunting-related expenditures in Nevada. The analysis considers how hunting-related expenditures depend on the animal species and class hunted, differ between resident and nonresident hunters, and how big game hunting expenditures differed between 2019 and 2020 to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hunting in Nevada. Data gathered includes expenditures during hunts, during pre-hunt scouting trips, post-hunt-related expenses and expenses by guests who accompanied the hunter.
The study has been completed and is in the analysis and publishing phase.
Significant findings for hunting in Nevada in 2020 include:
Over 450,000 big game effort days
Over $75,000,000 in expenditures generated (big game-related)
Over 200,000 upland game hunting days Over $40,000,000 in expenditures (upland game-related)
Over $250,000,000 in expenditures on large item purchases for hunting purposes
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NEAP's team has the ability and expertise to help local communities, county, state organizations and industry partners with a wide variety of specialized CED activities, such as:
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We are highly adaptable and can help customize theNEAP to best fit your needs.
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Planned for 2022
In 2022, NEAP's team will host regional workshops designed to teach counties how to use the data repository to help with everyday planning and development decisions. Also during these workshops, there will be an opportunity to discuss emerging local, regional or state initiatives and strategic responses. These workshops will be an excellent opportunity to network and learn. Stay tuned for more information and if you would like to sign up for updates, please send an email to EconDev@unr.edu
B. Borden, J. Lednicky, F. Stockett 2021, Nevada Economic Assessment Project Newsletter (2021-10 Iss. 01), Extension, University of Nevada, Reno
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Learn more about the author(s)
Buddy Borden
Joseph Lednicky
Farrah Stockett
Community Assets for Carson City, Nevada
The project focuses on providing Nevada's counties, state and federal agencies, and their partners with quantitative and qualitative baseline data and analyses to better understand the counties' demographic, social, economic, fiscal, and environmental characteristics, trends, and...
M. Rebori, J. Lednicky, B. Borden, L. Taylor 2022, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-22-10
Community Assets for Douglas County, Nevada
M. Rebori, J. Lednicky, B. Borden, L. Chichester 2022, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-22-07
Community Assets for Eureka County, Nevada
M. Rebori, J. Lednicky, B. Borden 2022, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-22-03
Community Assets for Lander County, Nevada
M. Rebori, J. Lednicky, B. Borden, L. Erquiaga 2022, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-22-05
Community Assets for Lyon County, Nevada
Associated Programs
Nevada Economic Assessment Project (NEAP)
The Nevada Economic Assessment Project focuses on providing Nevada's counties, state and federal agencies, and their partners with quantitative and qualitative baseline data and analyses to better understand the counties' demographic, social, economic, fiscal and environmental characteristics, trends and impacts. The data can be used for land use and project planning, grant writing and overall policy assessment.
Published by: B. Borden, J. Lednicky, F. Stockett, 2021, Nevada Economic Assessment Project Newsletter (2021-10 Iss. 01), Extension, University of Nevada, Reno
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