Slovakia iѕ famous fоr іts rolling hills аnd spectacular scenery.
Slovakia iѕ famous fоr іts rolling hills аnd spectacular scenery. Yоu саn cеrtainly enjoy manу summer holiday activities, including cycling, rafting, hiking, horseback riding аnd fishing.
Winter sports enthusiasts maу bе mоre lіkеly tо cоme acrоѕѕ а four-month long ski season аnd tаke advantage оf manу ski resorts іn Slovakia.
Thеre iѕ simply idyllic landscape in Orava, Slovakia, whаtеvеr time оf year yоu visit. This, оf course, contribute tо уour time tо relax.
Thеrе iѕ ѕо muсh tо do, durіng уour stay, а lot оf marking trails, ѕuсh аѕ walking, cycling vаrіоuѕ cycle routes, horse riding, fishing, picking mushrooms аnd berries, skiing, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, sauna, spa, adventure parks аnd alѕо enjoy thе manу traditional activities, including trips tо thе local shepherd Islands, ѕоmе cheese.
Orava iѕ а great place іn thе great days оf culture, including thе Orava Castle, Slanica Island, Orava Museum, art galleries, Zuberec Skanzen ( іt іs аn open air museum) аnd thе UNESCO Vlkolinec village.
Thеrе аrе mаny great places tо eat in Slovakia, whеther tо comply wіth international cuisine аnd iѕ brave enоugh tо taste thе local cuisine. Bеѕt оf all, bеcausе оf thе rеlаtivelу lоw price compared tо home, уou wіll bе аblе tо choose thе bеst chef's specialties аnd local wines, wіthоut rеally watch уоur pennies!
Anоther great reason tо visit Orava іѕ thаt yоu саn stay іn luxury ѕеlf catering accommodation іn Slovakia.
Sо whу nоt tаke advantage оf short visit tо Orava аnd northern Slovakia.
Slovakia іѕ divided intо 8 self-administered areas (Zupa), еach wіth іtѕ оwn capital Bratislava, Trnava, Trencin, Nitra, Zilina (Western Slovakia), Banska Bystrica (Central Slovakia), Kosice аnd Presov (east).
Slovakia borders wіth Austria аnd Hungary tо thе south, Czech Republic on the West аnd Poland tо thе North аnd itѕ eastern border lies with Ukraine.
Fоr thе mоѕt part, thе language іѕ Slovak. Aѕ wіth thе trend elѕewhеre іn Europe – thе English іs taught аs а ѕесоnd language, аnd іѕ uѕuallу ѕomеоne аrоund whо wаnts tо practice thе language wіth thе visitor, eѕреcially іn thе university towns.
Mоѕt оf thе economic life іѕ stіll concentrated іn thе area оf Bratislava аnd оther major cities іn western Slovakia. Theѕe areas mау аlѕo bе interesting fоr thе real estate investor. Thе reason iѕ simple – а solid economy, increased investment (both foreign аnd domestic), excellent infrastructure, favorable business environment wіth rеlаtіvely lоw taxes.
Trnava аnd Zilina arе pеrhарs nо longer а secret іn Slovakia, but thеу аrе ѕtill virtually unknown abroad. Bоth оf thеse historic cities hаve muсh іn common, excellent infrastructure аnd accessibility (air, road аnd rail) іn emerging economies, thоugh nоt оut оf control, аnd а rich history аnd culture,(they аlѕo hаve а major university campuses).
Spas arе а natural health ingrained tradition іn Slovakia. Doctors hеre arе highly skilled, іn fact, thе majority оf thе people wе met, engineers, chemists, physicians, bесausе education wаs free fоr аll durіng thе communist days. Thеіr approach tо health problems iѕ а natural аnd sustainable. Insteаd оf medicines, а spa аnd gо spend а fеw days оr weeks, depending оn уоur medical problem. Eасh spa iѕ а specialty: fоr example, skin, heart оr respiratory problems. Prices, whіch includes accommodation, meals аnd treatment іѕ vеry affordable.
Whаt а great wаy tо stay оr gеt wеll again, togеther wіth clean air аnd beautiful surroundings spa locations, thе body аnd thе mind receives а great health boost. Aftеr а day spa, thеy thought іt wоuld bе а great country tо settle. Thеy wеrе constantly pleasantly surprised "yes" tо thе position theу werе faced wіth everythіng аnd еvеrу question thеy hаd еven civil servants wеrе immediately tаkеn tо theіr questions аnd dealt wіth seriously, ѕо unlіkе thе onе faced іn countries ѕuch аs France approach.
Slovakia іs оnе оf thе fastest growing economies іn Europe, exceeding expectations, dеѕрite thе general slowdown. Slovakia mау bе tоо expensive fоr expatriates tо buy а real estate, but fоr thoѕе whо hаd thе foresight tо buy before, thеy shоuld dо vеrу wеll now, thаnk you!
Thiѕ abоut Slovakia article іѕ fоr informational purpose оnly аnd thе author doeѕ nоt accept anу responsibilities fоr anу liabilities resulting frоm uѕе оf thiѕ information. Whіlе evеrу attempt haѕ beеn madе tо verify thе information provіdеd here, thе author аnd hіѕ referrals con nоt assume аny responsibility fоr errors, inaccuracies оr omissions. Anу slights оf people оr organizations аrе unintentional.


text:
"Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing" é uma canção funk escrita por James Brown e Bobby Byrd. Gravada em 1970 por Brown e pelos membros originais dos The J.B.'s com Byrd nos backing vocals, foi lançada como single de duas partes em 1972. Alcançou o número um na parada americana Hot Soul Singles e número vinte e dois na parada Billboard Hot 100 durante a primavera daquele ano. Também aparece no álbum There It Is. O crítico Robert Christgau a chama de "a mais infecciosa das canções socialmente conscientes de Brown".

De acordo com Brown, "Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing" foi "dirigida aos políticos que estavam falando besteira, mas não tinham conhecimento de como era a vida de muitas pessoas nos Estados Unidos", bem como "alguns caras com suas filosofias ... que estavam dizendo às pessoas um coisa e manipulando  suas emoções para o ganho pessoal." O biógrafo RJ Smith a descreve como "uma crítica aberta aos auto-nominados árbitros da justiça social" que atacaram Brown por suas posições políticas frequentemente heterodoxas.

No meio da canção Brown ordena que todos os membros da banda parem de tocar enquanto ele e Byrd mantém o ritmo usando suas próprias vozes - um dos primeiros exemplos de um breakdown.

Músicos
 James Brown - vocais

com os The J.B.'s:
 Clayton "Chicken" Gunnells - trompete
 Darryl "Hassan" Jamison - trompete
 Robert McCollough - saxofone tenor
 St. Clair Pinckney - saxofone barítono
 Bobby Byrd - órgão, vocal
 Phelps "Catfish" Collins - guitarra
 William "Bootsy" Collins - baixo
 John "Jabo" Starks - bateria
 Johnny Griggs - congas

Posições nas paradas

Versão retirada
Brown gravou uma versão blues-rock em 26 de fevereiro de 1970 nos estúdios da King Records em Cincinnati, Ohio. Sua banda de apoio nesta versão consistia de seu arranjador David Matthews ao órgão, Kenny Poole na guitarra, Michael Moore (que posteriormente tocou no sucesso de Brown de 1972 "King Heroin") no baixo e Jimmy Madison na bateria. Este grupo gravou um álbum sob o nome de The Grodeck Whipperjenny no selo de Brown, a People Records e trabalhou novamente no álbum final de Brown pela King em 1971, Sho Is Funky Down Here. Esta versão, dividida em duas partes, foi agendada para ser lançada pela King com número de catálogo 45-P-6359 e diversas cópias foram prensadas com selos brancos ou pretos, mas o disco não chegou a ser distribuído. A versão com os The J.B.'s deveria ter sido simultaneamente liberada com o número de catálogo 45-S-6359, mas não se conhece a existência de cópias desta variação. A versão completa (5:07) desta versão blues-rock foi lançada em 2000 na compilação em CD James Brown's Funky People: Volume 3.

Outras versões
Um remix de "Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing" foi incluída na compilação In the Jungle Groove.

Uma versão mais longa da canção (9:28) foi incluída no box set Star Time de 1991.

A versão completa da canção (14:42) foi lançada na compilação em CD de 1996 Funk Power 1970: A Brand New Thang.

A banda Living Colour gravou uma versão cover em 1991 para seu EP Biscuits.

Ligações externas
 AllMusic review
 Lista de canções que samplearam "Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing" no Whosampled.com

Singles de 1972
Canções gravadas por James Brown
Canções em inglês
Canções de funk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


By Heather Munn and Lydia Munn Wow! Was I ever surprised. Defy the Night certainly did just that. The Munn ladies opened my eyes to the atrocities of war and the saving grace of kindness. The authors have taken real time events and towns, then carefully extracted the perfect balance of fact and fiction drawing us into a moving story of two women whose desire was to make "but a small difference." Paquerette and fifteen-year-old Magali, make it their goal to save as many as they can. The selfless ambition proved successful as they risked their own lives, working under the cover of darkness, to rescue children from Nazi internment camps. Their work dangerous and grueling, but their successes triumphant. This story is a must read if for nothing more than to remember those, who in real life, worked relentlessly to protect others from sure destruction. A well written story of strife, truth and decision, Defy the Night, hits the reader hard in the gut and makes them ask the question, "Could I have sacrificed so much for so little?" Mark this down as a book to follow on heels of Thomas Keneally's Schindler's List for memorability. Click here to purchase.


Madala Law is a full service law firm based in Irvine, Caifornia that provides cost effective solutions to complex legal problems. Madala Law has over 16 years experience in litigation and transactional matters.
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As it stands, PlayerUnknown himself (aka Brendan Greene) has mentioned that PUBG does not must beat Fortnite. Do you play Fortnite on PS4? So, do you have to play it? Acquired to keep the numbers down. It's swallowing stuff up, and the lodge isn't trying very secure proper now. Playground is obtainable now and may be found in the show preference of solo, duos, squads and 50 vs. |800 million illegal video games, bad. Dora the Explorer online games, identical to the Television show will let your child interact with Dora and her pet monkey, Boots, to assist them solve completely alternative circumstances and complications.
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Nevertheless, playing video games on my mobile phone should not be anything I have acquired enormous into, but a nongamer buddy said he played PUBG on his cellphone and it was astounding, so I was intrigued.


On the back of thousands of supporters across the UK making their voices heard in the recent National Consultation, Heathrow has today launched "Best for Britain, Backed by Britain". The report not only showcases the overwhelming support across the UK, but outlines why Heathrow expansion is the best option for the UK.
The Airports Commission calculate that the economic benefit of Heathrow expansion is up to £211bn, this is almost £100bn more than choosing Gatwick.
Airports Commission research confirms that the majority of the benefits will be felt outside London and the South East, contributing to rebalancing the UK economy with up to £114bn of economic benefits going to regions outside London and the South East.
An expanded Heathrow will allow new airlines to operate providing more competition and lower fares for passengers. Expansion will also benefit exports, with Heathrow being Britain's most important port handling more freight by value than Britain's two busiest shipping container ports put together.
The Airport Commission has assessed that Heathrow could deliver over 41,000 more jobs for local residents at the airport by 2030 with expansion with less noise from aircraft overhead with expansion than there is today as confirmed by the Airports Commission all within air quality limits. 10,000 apprenticeships will also be created.
Heathrow expansion is backed by over 30 local Chambers of Commerce from every region and nation across the UK, the CBI, as well as the IoD's members, and major UK businesses. Heathrow is an integral part of a successful aviation sector and is supported by major airports and airlines including easyJet. The support is also visible in the tourism industry where Heathrow's role in increasing revenue for the UK is recognised.
Because of the crucial role Heathrow plays in supporting British exports many large associations and companies are behind expanding Heathrow making the case that only Heathrow will help connect Britain to global growth with over 40 new long haul destinations.
In ten constituencies around Heathrow 50% of people support expansion, compared to 33% who oppose it.
Heathrow expansion is supported by politicians across the UK at a local, national and EU level. Support also extends to the unions who understand the opportunities for jobs and skills provided at an expanded Heathrow.
Heathrow has a track record of financing and delivering large scale infrastructure projects such as the £11bn investment made over the past decade delivering two world class terminals on time and on budget.


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text:
package re.fallenempi.tfe_core.event;

import re.fallenempi.tfe_core.Core;

public class ChatEvent extends Event {

	public ChatEvent(Core TFE) {
		super(TFE);
	}

	public void execute() {
		TFE.log.chat.info(data.get("message").textValue());
		TFE.server.get().getBroadcastOperations().sendEvent("chat", data);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Now, let us go into UFOs to start out with. Do UFOs exist? And what are UFOs? What pwer have they over us? Have I seen UFO's? First of all, UFO's have always been with us, like electricity, and we are only now discovering them. Ezekiel had the first description of a UFO in the Old Testament. It is also believed, at least by the description that the fiery chariot of Elijah was a UFO, and that he is not dead, and he will one day return. Those who have crossed that "dimension of time and space" with UFOs, will they return? How about the Bermuda Triangle?
First of all, there are different kinds of UFOs. By that I mean they have different shapes. Why they take certain shapes we do not know. The first thing we must realized is that they are not (all) concrete, that they are energy – that's right, they are energy. We see more UFOs of energy than we see of concrete.
Questions have been asked: Do they come from the water? The question was asked on my trip to the Bermuda Triangle: Do they come from the Bermuda Triangle, and from under dark holes? We do not know either they come from; that is, I don't know if they come from the water. I know of three places they do come from. One is from other planets, two, is from interdimension, and three, is what we call travel dimension; that is, they jum into certain time-space levels. I will explain that as we go along.
The interdimension UFO perhaps is the one we see most. In other workds, they are – through themselves – able to come into our own dimension Earth. Most of the UFOs that come within interdimension are of energy. Not all cases of people being picked up by UFOs in the National Enquirer and Midnight, etc. are true. They are carbon copies of what they have read and want to believe. They have gone into hallucination. The UFO encounters of the third kind are very, very, very rare. I kow for a fact of only three. All others see m to be a reproduction of what others believe to be.
Some people, like Betty Hill, believe that they could be harmful. I don't. Some say that they took blood from some of them when they examined them and many other points certainly, it's like anybody else; if they want to know what you are made of, they are going to examine you. It's not anymore than you going to the doctor and him taking a blood sample or something from you.
The first case that we really have in which, under hypnosis, they are really able to remember, of course, is the case of Betty and Barney Hill. They lived in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, when they had lost some hours. It was some years later that they finally went under hypnosis, and there are three things which put the Hill case separate from any other case that we know. In the first case, Betty Hill drew a star map which took years to find (Zeta Reticuli), which later astronomers were able to find. Secondly, she said that one of them took a needle and put it through the navel of Barney to look at his insides and the doctors said that was impossible. Today, medical doctors use a needle through the navel to go to cerain areas. The third was their remembrance only under hypnosis. Now, it is true that you can program a lot of things under hypnosis and believe that they are such, but no one can program a star map which no one knew existed. Or something like a needle through the navel which noone believed could happen. If these two things are ture, then can the rest not be ture? Do you follow the logic we follow through on such a case? The other case was Charles Hickson and his friend in Louisina and the other was in Arizona.
The question has been asked: Have I ever seen UFOs? The answer is "yes". I saw, just this past year, the most beautiful silver disc ones in the sky as I was driving back from a party with a girlfriend. We looked at it in the sky and I said, "What time is it? And she said, "Two minutes after midnight". I said, "Well, the last plan to come into Portland is 10:00 p.m. so it couldn't be a plane." So we stopped the car and observed it and suddenly it just disappeared. I thought it was coming for me since I was ready with my camera and tape recorder to go up, but it didn't happen.
The other time I was with Betty Hill for three or four hours. It was on November 24, two years ago. Betty said, "Come up and I'll show you my place where I have these five UFOs." Suddenly, four orange UFOs came from behind the trees in formation: one, then two, then one. I took a picture of it with 1600 ASA film, black and white, and what came out was a big white cross. Just as Betty Hill had predicted. Exactly the formation of the cross and that's what they came out with.
My personal encounter with UFOs were the ones I mentioned in the book Beyond Coincidence. The story goes far more deep than that. I could only, at that time, give the tip of the iceberg. The story does not happen where it is told, primarily, that it was to cover up certain information in which I had no right to release. I did want to write that I believed in UFOs and why. They gave me permission to translate. By that I mean transfer the story to somewhere else.
There were actually there men, as human as you and I. These three men lived out in this dessert: we don't know here. One of them had told the miners that it was where gold had been hidden by the Spaniards, and that it was on the other side of this mountain. On the top of the mountain, there was an opening to go to this cave. The miners took a donkey and started up. The donkey died and a miner died also. Other members of the group tried and everything went wrong. Finally, what happened was this" a helicopter was sent, found a landing place, and did find the gold and silver bars and so on. And they took them out.
The other incident that happened was that a woman –don't get me wrong, the diner scene in the book is true. I'm merely telling you the scène changed for reasons of privacy. The woman, an Indian woman, comes to the diner with her dead son, where these three men frequented, which tells us they are able to eat. The man said, "Don't worry. Your son is not dead. " She said, "Look he's been dead since this morning. He's stinking." The man took the child. The reason she had come to the diner was that she wanted a doctor, because there was not one anywhere around. So the man picked up the child and said, "Let me take him home with you." Two days later, the woman returned and the child was alive. But she said the man had grown very, very old as if he were disintegrating."
MUFON - The Mutual UFO Network was founded in 1969 as a multidisciplinary, grassroots approach to resolving the UFO mystery. One of the oldest such organizations in existence, it is now by far the largest, with more than 5000 members, field investigators, consultants and research specialists worldwide. Among other activities, MUFON maintains a UFO reporting hotline, trains field investigators, hosts an annual symposium, sponsors scientific research into the UFO phenomenon, and publishes a monthly, illustrated, 24-page journal.
UFO Page - "Aliens have been meddling in our affairs since before the dawn of intelligence on this planet. This is a subject that I have had passing interest for many years. It wasn't till I started looking at UFO Pages on the net. That I really saw how much proof there is."
UFO Museum - Since man first started looking up into the skies he saw things he couldn't explain. For the last fifty years or so these things have taken on the label "UFOs." Originally an abbreviation for the Air Force term "Unidentified Flying Object", it has become a synonym to most people for "Alien Spaceship." For the Air Force, though, it is simply a term to refer to something in the skies that the observer can see but not recognize. Usually the explanation is less extraordinary than a flying saucer manned by visitors from other worlds. Often a weather balloon or natural phenomenon is the cause. However, there are cases on record where no good common explanation was ever found.
The deadline for receipt of the application is May 1, 2011, and the awardee is notified no later then August 1, 2011.


text:
Great ResignationClimate ChangeLeadershipInflationUkraine Invasion
Commentary ·Supreme Court
Why the Fight Over Neil Gorsuch Could End the Senate as We Know It
BYSteven S. Smith
Senate Republicans have begun hinting that they'll use the "nuclear option," a maneuver to change Senate rules by brute force, to stop the Democratic minority from blocking the confirmation of Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch. If they do, it will further intensify a decades-long parliamentary war between Democrats and Republicans that has fundamentally changed the Senate.
But this is not just about Gorsuch's confirmation. Fundamentally at stake are the norms and traditions that have governed the Senate for centuries. Should Republicans go nuclear, they might be encouraged to take an even more radical step in the near future: doing away with the filibuster on general Senate legislation. Such a move could affect the repeal or replacement of Obamacare, gutting of Dodd-Frank, or slashing appropriations in funding bills. If majority parties held the House as well, they would be able to move through major legislation with virtually no impediments. It would be the end of the Senate as we know it.
The nuclear option involves a majority of senators backing a point of order that a simple majority, rather than a 60-vote majority as provided in the Senate's Rule 22, can close debate, or invoke cloture, on a vote. In 2013, Democratic then-Majority Leader Harry Reid used this technique to force a reduction in the threshold for cloture on executive and judicial posts. In doing so, Reid and the Democrats altered the plain meaning of a written rule without giving the minority an opportunity to filibuster the change.
Supreme Court nominations were excluded from Reid's 2013 move, because even some Democrats thought that super-majority cloture should be preserved for such important posts. But it's only a matter of time before the Supreme Court exception is eliminated. Democrats did not initiate the nuclear option for Barack Obama's nominee, Merrick Garland, in 2016. McConnell, on the other hand, is likely to pull the trigger if need be to win confirmation for Gorsuch.
Most Senate Democrats are likely to support a filibuster on Gorsuch. They share the view that the Republicans' obstruction on the Garland nomination violated an important norm in a way that deserves a response. They also will face intense pressure from Democrats outside of Congress who do not like Gorsuch's jurisprudence. They realize that the Republicans may go nuclear and confirm Gorsuch anyway, but for at least some Democrats, expressing their opposition is important.
The Republicans probably cannot acquire 60 votes to close debate on the nomination and get a vote. At the moment, Republicans are somewhat conflicted about how to respond if they end up in this situation. If Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell pursues the nuclear option to change the cloture threshold to a simple majority, he will need a majority of senators to support the move and will not be able to afford any defections from his party. He may have to face a handful of Republican traditionalists who do not want simple majority cloture for Supreme Court nominations.
We are likely to see a handful of senators from the two parties attempt to avert a crisis with a temporary fix. In 2005, the "Gang of 14"—seven Republicans and seven Democrats—committed to supporting the confirmation of blocked judicial nominations and opposed the nuclear option for the duration of that Congress. The Gang of 14 accord might be a model for 2017. Senator John McCain might try to be the savior of the Senate by appealing to moderates and institutionalists to strike a deal.
Yet such a bipartisan deal remains a low-probability outcome. At least eight Democrats and a handful of Republicans must be willing to support cloture on Gorsuch and future Supreme Court nominations and promise not to support the nuclear option, probably for the remainder of this Congress. That's a tall order given the great uncertainty about when the next vacancy on the court will occur, as well as Democrats' opposition to the president and disinterest in exhibiting bipartisanship.
If Republicans pull the trigger on the nuclear option on the Gorsuch nomination, that will not be the end of the story. Republicans in the House and outside of Congress, and perhaps even the president, will demand rapid action on Trump's legislative agenda. While Senate Republicans have not expressed much interest in instituting simple majority votes on regular legislation, the pressure to take extreme measures will be intense. If they bend to that pressure by threatening the nuclear option again, Democrats are likely to put up a fight like we have not seen in the Senate in modern times.
It's a shame that we've come to this point. Incessant minority obstructionism and majority limits on minority amendments have undermined the Senate's ability to address real policy problems in creative ways. They spend more time fighting with one another. No wonder the general public is so often confused about what goes on within the Senate walls.
The nuclear option is a sledgehammer that can break the filibuster practice, but does not give senators a meaningful opportunity to consider alternative approaches to improving Senate procedure. They can do better.
Steven S. Smith is a professor of political science and director of the Weidenbaum Center at Washington University in St. Louis. He is the co-author of Politics or Principle: Filibustering in the United States Senate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Day Late and A Dollar Short: Walt Disney World Swan & Dolphin - No Tricks! Just Treats! What Will You Receive?
Walt Disney World Swan & Dolphin - No Tricks! Just Treats! What Will You Receive?
treat drawn at random that will be immediately applied towards your reservation.
times on Disney championship golf courses.
October 31, 2011, and rooms will go quickly!
Offer is valid for stays November 1 – December 23, 2011.
and don't forget to say, "TRICK OR TREAT!"


You are an experienced Foreman with highway maintenance expertise. Your leadership skills are apparent in the safe work practices and quality of work performed by your crew. You are responsible for managing a large team of equipment operators and labourers in and around the Beaverlodge area, while also ensuring the maintenance and safety of the equipment.
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text:
Inaudita altera parte è una locuzione latina traducibile in lingua italiana come: non udita l'altra parte.

L'espressione può essere utilizzata in ambito giuridico, in particolare nella redazione di un ricorso (vocatio iudicis), per chiedere al giudice l'emissione di un provvedimento senza l'instaurazione del contraddittorio così da fronteggiare situazioni in cui il trascorrere del tempo cagionerebbe un danno al diritto per il quale si chiede tutela.

La richiesta di emissione di un provvedimento con la formula "inaudita altera parte" rappresenta una deroga al principio generale del contraddittorio che, per converso, può essere sintetizzato nell'espressione latina "audiatur et altera pars" (sia sentita anche l'altra parte) e per il quale nessun soggetto può subire gli effetti di un provvedimento giudiziario senza che abbia avuto la possibilità di resistere alle pretese altrui prendendo parte al processo.

Voci correlate
Parte (diritto)
Principio del contraddittorio
Terminologia giuridica latina

Diritto processuale penale
Diritto processuale civile
Terminologia giuridica latina


text:
Addiction Awareness Scholarship Campaign 2020 Round 2 – An Unattractive Reality
Name: Beth Hoffman
From: INDIANAPOLIS, Indiana
An Unattractive Reality
Beth Anne Hoffman
Major of Integrated Studies-Human Services
Defiance is a main characteristic of an individual battling an addiction. No one likes to admit to complete defeat, so we do all we can to push against any evidence of such a suggested reality. Our nation has become stricken with a disease that carries the weight of lifelong symptoms, all varying in severity by each case. With first hand long term experience and collected opinions from numerous peers, I've found the growing problem of addiction seems to have three key factors. Most addicts, including myself, have a tendency to have at least one of these three things playing a role in their history before or during their journey of struggle: untreated mental illness, a predisposition, and/or a doctor prescribed starting line. I'm going to base the rest of this essay upon my personal experience and what I've contributed to an ever growing epidemic in America.
I was barely 15 years old when I was prescribed Vicodin. All it took was a consultation for my wisdom teeth surgery, and my complaint to the dentist about the pain they had been causing. I had been a rebellious teen that liked to party with my friends, but a whole new door was opened after that moment. Within ten years, I had slowly progressed further and further into the hole of opioids. OxyContin and Opana had been ruling the prescription scene, and I somehow found myself with an IV heroin addiction. My struggle spans over about 17 years, give or take. I had become not only the statistic, but most of all I became the cliche.
Once I hit a certain level, my identity inside my soul was unrecognizable compared to the girl that I once was. I had an obsession, and with that came a lifestyle that was very ugly. When you become willing to do whatever it takes to get what you think you physically need, you tend to lead a life full of shameful acts accompanied with a lot of crime. Once prostitution, robbery, and auto life become normal everyday life, my brain had trained itself to believe there was no turning back. After all, everybody knows that a strong stigma is a guarantee when your resume is full of overdoses, county jails, track marks, unemployment, and homelessness.
The reason I stayed in this mess for so long will be lost on a large crowd of people that have never been in the grip of substance addiction. I know that for me and many othr of my friends that are in recovery and in active addiction that we felt like there was no other place in the world for us to fit into. Not only did we have a disease, we had a disease that no outsider really knows how to treat us. It's like an elite club that no one ever really plans on joining, but at lest you feel like you belong once you get there.
Can America rid itself of the collective judgement of addiction? It seems impossible, but I think its the key to help the hopeless dig themselves out of the insanity of choosing to stay in the darkness. The judgement of others doesn't seem like a light we really want to step into in order to try getting sober, so we hide instead. Get us access to treatment, don't continue to throw us into a corner.


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Market researchers have the coolest backstories. Hear them here!
Rock n' Roll Research Podcast Matt Valle
Episode #56: Jeff Scott - UX Research at Schwab, Human Factors at US Air Force, Ice Cube Fan
It may sound like a leap to go from aerospace and operational physiology to overseeing user experience research for a major financial services company, but Jeff Scott explains just how much these worlds have in common.
Jeff shares his unique and fascinating journey from the US Air Force to Director of User Experience Research at Charles Schwab. He shows how each step along the way built upon the previous to make him perfectly suited for his role.
Along the way, Jeff discusses what call center work shares in common with flying a fighter jet, the military lessons he applies every day at Schwab and how good vs. bad data can literally save lives. He also throws me for a loop with his desert island music choices!
Episode #55: Emmanuel Probst - Branding Expert at IPSOS, Best-Selling Author of Brand Hacks
"I live alone in a forest of likes," a telling Instagram quote about the media context for brands in Emmanuel Probst's best-selling book, "Brand Hacks: How to Build Brands by Fulfilling the Consumer Quest for Meaning."
Emmanuel is like a physician for brands. I couldn't get enough of his ideas in our talk and we continued our conversation long after the podcast ended.
Emmanuel began his research career humbly and has become one of the most trusted advisors for growing brands. Today he is Global Lead: Brand Thought Leadership for Brand Tracking at Ipsos. He is also a contributor to Forbes and Media Post, a reviewer for the Journal of Advertising Research and adjunct faculty at UCLA Extension.
We dive deep into why and how brands must create meaning with consumers. We also discuss the power of nostalgia in branding and the appeal of Pink Floyd and Brittany Spears as a student learning English.
Episode #54: Leib Litman - Professor, Data Quality Expert, Co-Founder Cloud Research, Metalhead
As a professor of Cognitive Psychology, Leib Litman was a pioneer in using the Internet for academic research. He met and tackled data quality challenges and has since become a trusted leader in ensuring online data quality at the firm he co-founded, Cloud Research.
Leib takes us on a journey into the world of survey participants, both genuine and bogus, identifying the scope and nature of the problems and how a blend of technology and cognitive psychology can help ensure high quality survey data.
Leib also shares the records (highly approved by the host!) that he would want to keep him company on a desert island.
Episode #53: Dyna Boen - MD at Escalent, Start-up Addict, Founder WIRexec Leadership Summit
Dyna Boen has spent most of her career helping lead start-ups to success, including her own. She has seen it all, done it all and inspired many along the way.
Yet, she has always made time to help others. Seven years ago, she and Heidi Dickert had an idea to create an offsite for executive women in research to share experiences and learn from each other. They saw it through and it became the WIRexec Leadership Summit which she has continued to help lead.
Dyna discusses the early days of ResTech with MarketTools, her journey in research and what she has learned and applied along the way.
Episode #52: Michael Schonfeld - Brand Strategist, Formerly Def Jam, Hip Hop Writer
As a huge hip-hop fan, how does an internship with legendary Def Jam Records lead you out of music and into advertising? Michael Schonfeld has a fascinating story about that!
Since joining the ad agency world, Michael has worked with meaningful brands like Mars, Sandy Hook Promise and Reebok. Today, he is Senior Strategist on Michelob Ultra in NYC at the iconic FCB, winners of the 2019 Cannes Lion North American Creative Agency of the Year, the 2020 Adweek Global Agency of the Year and countless other awards over the past 148 years.
In this podcast, Michael shares his journey, his take on the relationship of brands with consumers and how brands can better understand the people they serve.
Episode #51: Jennie Finerty - Qualitative Expert, Artistic Swimmer for US National Team
Today Jennie Finerty has a very successful career in insights as VP, Qualitative Research for Magid's Global Media & Entertainment practice.
But before her career in research, Jennie spent much of her life as a successful competitive athlete. She spent countless hours over many years with her twin sister in the pool training as an Artistic Swimmer (then known as Synchronized Swimming), where she excelled and eventually went on to make the US National Team and the US Training Squad for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Jennie shares her journey on today's podcast, including how she got started, what she has learned from her experience in athletics, how qualitative research has changed and the "inspirational pressure" of representing her country in international competition.
For more really cool insights from Magid, go here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeuJSsivrUGht8ZimN7rLxA
© 2022 Rock n' Roll Research Podcast


Hats on Second Life are somewhat hit and miss, often the hat in theory is much better than what you end up wearing on your head, and if this is the case with ladies hats it is a hundred times more so with mens hats but there is a well kept secret that I am going to let you in on.
The remarkable hats made by Mr Whenever Timeless, not only are these hats beautifully made with fine textures, they hold an extra special suprise, they are scripted.
Ahh, I hear you say, a scripted hat, so what? Well these hats allow you to lift your hat to a lady, and there are several version of the "tip" so you can give a casual tip, a lift of the hat or a full bow, just like a real, old fashioned gentleman!
The range is constantly expanding, but it is a slow process as Mr Timeless has very high standards and is painstaking in his work. Good gentlemens hats are rare even in real life, but thanks to Mr Timeless they are now available in SL.
Firehorse Rearwin: You have been Miss Virtual world for a month now, what has surprised you most about your new role?
Mimmi Boa: At first i want to say "Thanks" to you and to all the staff of your newspaper for this interview, I appreciate your interest!
To answer your first question, I can say that after the first "astonishing moments" where I realized what was happening to me I started to work a lot to promote the imagine of Miss Virtual World as the organization required. So I had some photo sessions and interviews. After the election my life has not radically changed, I still do the things I did before: I teach, I model and I do my best to join every important fashion event.
I'm proud of my role and title and I will do my best to be a "cool" Miss!
FR: What are your ambitions for after your reign as Miss Virtual World?
Mimmi: My ambitious is to keep my name one of the most reliable one in the fashion world in the meantime an "inspiration", a "role model" for all the aspiring models.
FR: What prompted you to enter the contest originally?
Mimmi: The "rumor"around the most prestigious beauty contest of the grid is enormous and I joined it for curiosity, just to try!
At the time I submitted my entry to the organization (March 2008) I was an appreciate model with a good look so I told to myself to join the contest could be a good opportunity to be more visible; I'd never imagined I'd be here now talking with a journalist as the reigning Miss Virtual World!
When I was chosen as pre-finalist and then as official finalist I couldn't believe it !!! To be a finalist was meaning for me just itself a victory!
Firehorse: How did you choose the fabulous outfits you wore for the contest?
Mimmi: When I was chosen as official finalist I asked to my friend Sissy Pessoa, owner and designer of Baiastice to create for me a special dress.
She realized for me the incredible outfit I wore for the ball of Miss Elegance; a stunning pink unique dress very elaborated with a special design and a fab texture!
Edo Tone and Mami Jewell (of Styles of Edo) designed my "country" gown. After a briefing together we had a great idea and Edo did a kind of "miracle" replacing on the texture of the gown a particular of Michelangelo's masterpiece "universal judgment." .
The result was spectacular, Mami Jewell designed a simple but impressive gown and the texture gave to the dress the meaning I wanted to represent my country.
Italy, is art, history, beauty, so I thought Michelangelo could be the symbol of all this meaning and the public was surprised and shocked about my choice but the impact was exactly what I expected! We called it "the Universal Judgment gown" the success was incredible and Mami jewell had tons of request for selling the same gown but is one of a kind and it will remains the only one on SL.
Talking about the "formal gown" I had to wear a special release from a famous designer but for unfortunate RL issues they couldn't deliver it to me on time. I was really in a hurry with time and despite my inventory being full of beautiful dresses I was looking for something "special".
I visited lot of places, with a big mess in my head but nothing was enough good to convince me. I decided to try in the store of AnaLee Balut, a cool designer I love and I found it. Was love at first sight! When I saw the "Mata red" dress I knew it was my gown, I matched it with the "Hillary"pink corset and the result was the one all you know: a symphony of pink, oranges and salmon tones for something really stunning beauty! !
FR: Do you have a favourite SL designer?
Mimmi: I have several designers I love and I usually mix different pieces from designers to create something special. I'm testimonial of "Azul" the brand of Mami Jewell and of "Anubis Style" and I love them. As I wrote I love the style of AnaLee Balut, Baiastice, LeeZu Baxter, Indyra Originals, Paper Couture, Bianca Foulon,Thera Taurog, Bliss couture, Patrizia Blessed and more...more...more!!!!!!!!!
FR: So far, what has been the best thing about being Miss Virtual World?
Mimmi: This is the most important title we could ever win and the best thing is the prestige itself and the honour to be Miss Virtual World.
And as you certainly know, it was not only the beauty voted on by the judges but an ensemble of things: elegance, attitude, behaviour; this means all the hard work I did the last year was recognised and I feel full of joy and pride! Miss VW was surely "The event", the best event SL ever had and to be part of it was just an incredible honour for me and for all the other girls!
FR: In what ways does your virtual life impact your First life?
Mimmi: My busy virtual life took me out a bit from my RL life but I love my SL and all I do is done with joy and enthusiasm!
I work a lot in my RL and I log in my evening after dinner; I have more time during the week end! Sl is a way to take a breath, a place where you can have your wish come true, the place where you can show your best skills.
I have two separate lives and if in my virtual life i'm a very known model and the reigning Miss Virtual World, in my first life I stopped modelling a lot of years ago. I sing with my (country rock) band and I also have a "serious"job in a pharmaceutical company!
FR: Do your SL friends treat you any differently now that you've won the title?
I'm the same Mimmi as before so nothing is changed between me and my friends!
If somebody is envious ...her/his problem!
FR: What will your responsibilities be during the next year?
Mimmi: The responsibility of Miss Virtual World will be to represent herself at the best . Miss Virtual World is the iconography of class, elegance and attitude mixed with good behaviour and savoirfaire and I will do my best to be a special Miss, working hard to keep higher the expectation of the organization.
FR: Do you find you get asked to dance more often or are partners put off by the beauty queen title?
Mimmi: People know I'm happily married in SL (for almost one year) and I must say all the people respect this status! My life is not changed after I won; I still have fans, I still have people who call me to ask if I'm faithful to Salvo....but was the same also before!
FR: So many women in SL get asked if they are really men, does that question ever bother you?
Mimmi: Nobody asked me if i'm a man or a woman and nobody bored me with this question. We all know many SL women are men in RL ( and some men are women....) and this doesn't impress me so much because every person is free and I respect everybody!
In some part of the world homosexuality still be a problem and several people use SL to take out their real soul, their true personality.
Is sad to think SL can be the only way for some persons to live their dream life.
I respect all, I love all the nice good behaviour people and I don't care if they are a different gender in their first life!
FR: If you could have anything in SL what would it be?
Mimmi: Lots of money, tons of money to help who need a concrete support for their health in RL!
I know money couldn't give us happiness....but they can help to have a good hospital, the best medicines and assistance. I have heard too many sad stories........ I would like to give them a hope and a smile again!
RUNWAY Productions would like to include extend an invitation for you to visit and experience the 2009 Mantova International Art and Fashion Festival. The Festival will begin on Monday, January 12, 2009 at 12 pm and run through Friday, January 16, 2009.
The festival will be a week-long celebration of art and fashion from the international design community and will be held at the Mantova sim and sponsored by the Mantova Group.
The festival will feature daily two fashion shows at 12 pm SLT and 4 pm SLT each day, with live entertainment interspersed throughout the day. There will be a dance court and romantic walk for nightly dancing and socializing with live DJ each evening at 6 pm SLT.
The entire premise of the festival is to bring the international community in SL together and harmoniously present a forward look at art and fashion in Second Life.
For more information, visit our website at www.runwaysl.com/blog.
The LeeZu Baxter Designs label has had a name change. The design house will now market the creations of LeeZu Baxter under the brand name LeeZu!
LeeZu! Is one of Second Life's top fashion houses showcasing the work of noted fashion designer LeeZu Baxter and her team of highly skilled professionals. The instantly recognizable clothing and accessories are noted for their complexity, femininity and creativity. The majority of LeeZu! outfits are created on multiple layers so the ability to mix and match is one of the hallmarks of this famous label.
Now two years old, the company, formerly known as LeeZu Baxter Designs, is located on the To The Nines Island in Second Life. LeeZu! also operates several satellite stores in select high-end sims. The designer offers items from formal wear to casual and everything in-between. Also available is a line of accessories, eyes, shoes and jewelry. LeeZu! has received a great deal of media coverage for the specialty lines Revolution and Noir.
The LeeZu! team consists of Suzi Phlox; Barbara Nicholls (store manager); Poptart Lilliehook, (marketing director) and Olyvia Zenovka (top model and model manager).
LeeZu recently launched a new brand of footwear in partnership with Enktan Gully of Enkythings. Courtisane is a high-end line of exquisitely detailed shoes with rich luxurious textures. The store is located on an adjacent island easily reachable from the main LeeZu! store. The Courtisane brand will remain unaffected by the name change of Leezu Baxter Designs.
It's been about two months since the second expansion to World of Warcraft, "Wrath of the Lich King," came online. Much anticipated for over a year, the update for the popular online game (and Second Life's biggest competitor) was finally up for sale on November 11, 2008. News stories showed people waiting in line at midnight for the game. I myself waited a week before going to the store to get a copy, which had a down payment from a gift card a friend gave me with the request that it be used only for it.
In Second Life, for about a couple weeks, the parties I went to were smaller. Although there was a fantasy con at the time, people suspected certain people were indulging just about all their free time into the game. Some certain others I never met at parties on my friend list were also absent. Perhaps it was just simply their time to take a break, perhaps not. But very few were willing to admit they couldn't break away from WoW for a little time on SL.
As some residents of Second Life won't, or no longer will, touch WoW, they were probably wondering just what was the fuss all about?
In the days leading up to the expansion, I began getting a lot of updates from Blizzard. Most meant little by themselves. Some were minor tweaks of the game. One big tweak was an update that came with another Profession available for characters: Inscription. Using inks obtained from herbs, Inscriptionists can make scrolls (for small combat bonuses), and make glyphs that give characters lasting combat bonuses, major glyphs giving obvious improvements, and minor ones more about convenience. I later read in WoWwiki that Inscription is available to those who don't get any expansion, but in order to get a high skill at it, one needs "Lich King." Then came the "Achievement" records, which would ring out to you, those nearby, and your guild when you did something notable from beating a dungeon, to finishing your 500th quest, to exploring a region, to learning how to ride a mount. I found it to be a nice little touch, as it gave one a sense of progress.
But something else was going on. A unique event went on, strange platforms appearing around certain cities and some other areas, with Scourge (one of the major groups of bad guys) appearing underneath. Special quests had players investigating and going after them. After some days, not long before the expansion was up for sale, the platforms and their deziens went away.
Buying the expansion, my one Lvl 70 character could start leveling again, with the chance to rise to 80. He also had access to a new continent, Northrend. Arriving at either the Borean Tundra or Howling Fjord regions, players will face stronger enemies and more powerful beasts, and more quests for glory. The opposition and quests get harder as one works his or her way into the frozen continent, leading ultimately to the Lich King's fortress at Icecrown. One amusing series of quests involves an organization named DEHTA, a parody of real-life PETA.
A new class of character has been introduced, the death knight. A hybrid "tank/DPS" class (aka a combination of able to take a lot of damage and able to cause a lot), Blizzard calls this the first of it's "hero" class characters. To play one, one has to have a character at least Level 55, which the death knight starts out as. Death knights can be of any race (although a gnone death knight is liable to get chuckles wherever he goes). The first series of quests for the death knight tell the story of how the character goes from being a minion of the Lich King to once again a hero, as well as providing the character with good armor and talents for the talent tree. Once the chain ends, the character's path is as open as any other.
Two new battlegrounds have been introduced. And in these and some Northland quests are some siege machines which characters can pilot. In the new battlegrounds, these machines can destroy walls and buildings, meaning one cannot just simply wait out enemy fire from the supposed safety of a structure.
There are new mounts, armored bears and mammoths. There are also a few vehicles introduced, such as flying carpets and the Mechano-hog, a motorcycle mount. A motorbike in World of Warcraft? Even the license plate is "PWN." On a design note, mounts also no longer take up space in one's inventory.
I myself have only seen a small part of Northrend and got my most powerful character from Lvl 70 to 71, and starting up a death knight, not being as active as some friends of mine. Others quickly leveled up to 80. The most ambitious players were able to reach Level 80 in just a few days. Although there has been a little complaining about boredom, more often players are able to find something to do in Blizzard's new battlefield, at least those whose chat I've been hearing.
Many SL residents still look down on World of Warcraft, or at least say they're glad they no longer play. Second Life in contrast is almost never mentioned in WoW unless I bring it up. A few players did express interest when I talked about it. One who tried if before and quit told me she might be inclined to try it again someday, but only when it was no longer so full of bugs and lagging.
In any event, I'll continue going about Second LIfe as usual, while making an occasional run to Northrend, working my way to that one day me and my buddies will face down the Lich King and show him who's boss. Even then, my journeys there will be far from over.
Not long ago edo launched his range of shoes and also the beautiful pearl collection of ladies jewellery.
I must admit I am a huge fan of edo's suits and to me a man is not complete unless he has at least one - preferably more of his suits but being in business myself I have long bugged edo to think about making a suit for the ladies.
The Elegant suit in red is absolutely divine with a soft textured look both jacket and pants show edo Tones skill with fabric. Both suits feature pearlised buttons and come with both normal waist or low rise plus as an added bonus on underpant layer so you can wear them with boots - a definite bonus!
I do know there are not many GOOD ladies business suits out there and edo is the master.
After their successful partnership for JSP Artist & Fashion Expo 2008, attended by well over 15,000 residents (verifiable statistics), Eric Coiffard and Patty Cortes decided to renew the contract established between Just Soul Promotions and GLANCE International Agency to produce together a Winter 2009 Edition of the fashion exposition.Starting on January, Saturday 10th and going on over the next 7 weekends, GLANCE International Agency will host a fashion show on JSP Island every Saturday at 1 PM SLT in-between two LIVE concerts. The LIVE musician Dominick Manatiso and the super trendy fashion designer Kaddan Yue are the first artists to kick off the grand opening of the New Year edition of the fair.
"I am very happy of the stats and having heard of their reputation for professionalism and smooth fashion shows, I knew Glance International Agency would handle it the best way." Eric Coiffard commented. During the six weekend celebration the CEO of Just Soul Promotions Company had to expand his mall and is now happy to offer more fashionable shops to the crowd eager for outstanding LIVE events and unique runs.
As a result of this new partnership, GLANCE International Agency will no longer be hosted at its actual location, and all the existing buildings will be removed by the 6th of January. GLANCE International Agency decided to focus on its upcoming projects.
The new fair starts on the 10th January... Be there at 11 AM SLT!
GLANCE International Agency and JSP would like to say a big thank you to the designers of Little Fish (Fionay Dill), Marinoco Fashion (Marinoco Oceanlane), Luminous Designs (Lumina Elvehjem), JetDoll (Kitty Pidgeon), Chez Gabrielle (Gabrielle Gateaux), 7th. Street (Px Smit), My Precious (Agnes Finney), Muze (Muze Rayna), Bland (Chav Paderborn & Rachel Breaker), R&K (Rikimaru Darkstone & Kleopatra Rives), Wildcatz (Nakitta Nightfire) and a special mention to the brand born in 2008 who worked with us for the first edition of JSP Artist & Fashion Expo, Ezura FreeStyle (Ezura Xue). We all wish them the best of luck in their creative career for 2009!
Special credits go to Sanders Beaumont (incredible video!), Kira Ahn, Miu Edman, Cerra Denja, Suri Christen (awesome flyers designers and events photographers, thank you again!), GLANCE Lead Model and Head Manager Kurvy Rhode and all GLANCE Top Models featured in the last JSP Artist & Fashion Expo 2008.


When New York gets mentioned, the last thing people think about are dairy farms, corn fields stretching into the horizon or grain silos, but that is exactly what a large section of the state is. New York's agricultural society is a 3.6 billion dollar industry, and there are more than thirty five thousand farms, which covers nearly a quarter of the state's land area. The Hudson Valley isn't a single place, but a long stretch of land that goes from Upstate to Westchester County. Here you can find vineyards, wineries, vast apple orchards and other prime examples of New York agriculture. Agriculture isn't the only thing the Hudson Valley has to offer. It is also the center of New York's booming tech industry, which is better known as Tech Valley as previously noted in one of our other top places to live in New York, Rochester. Here you can find new companies inventing technology that the best science fiction would have called impossible in our lifetime just a few short years ago.


Mod The Sims - Fanseefem Sweaterdresses... for the Laydeez.
No, you're not seeing things - I made another Fanseefem thing! A little dressier than some of the rest but still the sort of thing I'd wear on a daily basis. This is a short-sleeved sweater dress with loose high neck, cable detailing, pockets, opaque tights, low heels with contrast detail, and a little bracelet. These are a recolour of a mesh from the H&M stuff pack, so H&M Stuff is required.
Special thanks to EA, for the Sims 4 textures that were converted to make these - pretty sure this makes this the first TS4-to-TS2 conversion. Also thanks to Nysha, Splad, Buckley, Baka, and Jazinga for colour combination suggestions. Model is my Rebecca de Muse.


Parts – New York Bus Sales, Inc.
At New York Bus Sales, we know how important it is to keep your fleet on the road. That's why we stock the largest selection of spare parts in the state. Seating, signage, electrical, body & chassis parts, safety & surveillance equipment, engine & exhaust parts - whatever you need, chances are we've got it in stock.
Sometimes we will need the body number of your bus. Below is a picture of the plaque you'll need to find.


It is a translation company in the UAE to specialize in language services for professional organizations. Our translation staff is carefully chosen for their expertise and widespread training. We specialize in highest quality accurate translations by highly-specialized translators .


With leading rusher Scottie Phillips nursing an injured ankle, true freshman tailback Isaiah Woullard is expected to carry a larger role Saturday.
OXFORD — Ole Miss running back Isaiah Woullard is contagious. In a good way.
"You know how sometimes a running back just by his effort can be inspirational to the whole team," Ole Miss running backs coach Derrick Nix asked Tuesday. "I think that's what he brings to the table. They see a guy that's out there fighting for every inch, playing as hard as he can and just trying to go out there and make a difference."
A true freshman from Hattiesburg, Woullard is preparing for what could be the first start of his college career when Ole Miss takes on Vanderbilt in Nashville on Saturday. With regular starter Scottie Phillips nursing an injured ankle that has him listed as "day-to-day," Woullard is expected to be the main beneficiary of extra playing time, as he was last Saturday after Phillips sustained his injury in a 38-24 loss at Texas A&M.
Woullard set career highs with 16 carries and 88 yards against the Aggies, both of which led the Rebels after Phillips' injury. Woullard's rushing total tied with Mississippi State quarterback Nick Fitzgerald for the most any player has had this season against the Aggies' No. 3 nationally-ranked run defense this season.
Woullard's success against Texas A&M was a confidence booster.
"It was big," Woullard said. "That was a big defense. It was a big deal. I'm just really blessed. The O-line was blocking good. It was just good reads."
Woullard describes himself as someone who runs hard and can "do it all," humbly. He said he looks up to former San Diego Chargers running back and NFL Hall of Famer LaDainian Tomlinson as an inspiration as a running back who can excel in all phases.
Speaking about his position group, Nix said if Phillips can't play, Woullard will take over the responsibility of the No. 1 running back role, and will receive the same percentage of carries as Phillips normally would in a game. Behind Woullard, Ole Miss will have junior Eric Swinney, as well as running-back-turned-safety-turned-running-back Armani Linton, who is back practicing with the offense after spending a month and a half with the defense.
According to Nix, Phillips is tough enough that he said he expects his leading rusher to play if he's 85 or 90 percent healthy. Whether he gets to that mark is yet to be seen, and with the short turn around between Saturday's Vanderbilt game and the Egg Bowl against Mississippi State five days later, it'd be understandable for the coaches and athletic trainers to be cautious with Phillips.
If Phillips can't go, Woullard fancies himself ready to step up.
"It's a big deal and it's a blessing," he said. "I'm just going to prepare. It's all I can do."
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Find out how email encryption can help protect your sensitive email. A GoDaddy announces email encryption and email archival capabilities for Office 365 Office 365 endpoints. NYSE:GDDY, the world's leading small enterprise technologies company, today unveiled the release of two new capabilities, email archiving and email encryption, for Office 365 Office 365 endpoints. Available as an add-on service to all GoDaddy Office 365 subscribers, the new capabilities will make it easy for small shopkeepers to transfer, save, and secure precious information about their company and their subscribers, and help regulatory compliance for those in regulatory sectors.
"It has never been more important for small companies to securely store precious information in an ever more networked world," said Irana Wasti, VP of Product, Productivity Applications, GoDaddy. "For most small shopkeepers, however, the real thing is that the day-to-day operations of their company keep them more than busy. GoDaddy email encryption and archiving capabilities give our clients the confidence that both their corporate and client information is secure so they can concentrate on building their enterprise.
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text:
\section{Introduction}

The observed elemental abundances of metal-poor stars can be used to constrain the physics of supernovae \citep[see][for a review]{nom13}.
Although the nature of the first stars is not well understood, if they explode as supernovae the first chemical enrichment is imprinted in the elemental abundances of the second generation of stars.
During the early stages of galaxy formation, the interstellar medium (ISM) is highly inhomogeneous, and it is likely that these elemental abundance patterns are determined only by a few supernovae \citep{aud95}.
In the inhomogeneous enrichment, metallicity is not a time indicator
anymore but merely reflects the metallicity of the cloud in which the
second generation of stars formed.
This metallicity is often estimated with an analytic formula \citep{tom07}, but detailed hydrodynamical simulations with radiative cooing are necessary to predict the metallicity distribution function of the second generation of stars.
Alternatively, we assume that metal poor stars with [Fe/H] $\ltsim -3$ are enriched by a single supernova, and study the properties of the supernova by comparing observed elemental abundances and nucleosynthesis yields (abundance profiling/fitting).

Thanks to large scale surveys and follow-up high resolution
spectroscopy, intensive observations of metal-poor stars have
revealed the existence of extremely-, ultra-, and hyper- metal-poor (EMP, UMP, and HMP) stars
with [Fe/H] $=(-4,-3),(-5,-4),(-6,-5)$, respectively \citep{bee05}.
The elemental abundance patterns have a distinct signature:
Including two HMP stars, $10-25$\% of stars with [Fe/H] $\ltsim -2$ show carbon enhancement relative to iron ([C/Fe] $\gtsim1$, \citealt{aok10}).
Such carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars often show enhancement of $\alpha$ elements (O, Mg, Si, S, and Ca), although one star at [Fe/H]$=-4.99$ does not show enhancement of C, N, and Mg \citep{caf11}.
There are various scenarios to explain the carbon enhancement, including rotating massive stars \citep{mey06}, asymptotic giant branch stars in binary systems \citep{sud04,lugaro08}, and black-hole-forming core-collapse supernovae (faint supernovae; \citealt{ume02,iwa05,tom07}).
\citet{caf13} recently presented different types of EMP stars that show lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios with/without carbon enhancement than other EMP stars.
The variation of [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios of EMP stars has been known.
As the quality of data improved, \citet{cay04} concluded that without CEMP, the scatter of elemental abundances is so small that the ISM is well mixed at the early stages of galaxy formation.
However, a significant scatter is seen in other observational data \citep[e.g.,][]{hon04,yon13,coh13} and a small fraction of stars show lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios than $\sim$ 0.2.

An intrinsic variation of [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios can be caused from the following enrichment sources:
(i) The most popular source is Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), which produce more Fe than $\alpha$ elements.
Depending on the fractional contribution of core-collapse supernovae from previous populations, [$\alpha$/Fe] can vary between $\sim 0.5$ to $\sim -0.6$.
However, there is a time-delay of the enrichment in the case of SNe Ia, which depends on the progenitor systems \citep{kob09}, and is $\sim 34$ Myr at the shortest for $8 M_\odot$ primary stars.
Hence, it is unlikely that many EMP stars are affected by SNe Ia.
(ii)
$\sim 10-20 M_\odot$ supernovae have a smaller mantle mass that contains $\alpha$ elements than more massive stars, and thus give lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios than the initial mass function (IMF) weighted values of core-collapse supernova yields, i.e., the plateau values of [$\alpha$/Fe]-[Fe/H] relations \citep{kob06,kob11agb}.
These supernovae will leave a neutron star behind, and should be very common for the standard IMF weighted for the low-mass end \citep[e.g.,][]{kro08}.
(iii)
Hypernovae ($E_{51} \equiv E/10^{51} {\rm erg}\gtsim10$ for $\gtsim25M_\odot$) are observationally known to produce more iron than normal supernovae ($E_{51}\sim1$ for $\gtsim10M_\odot$) \citep[e.g.,][]{nom03,sma09}.
Therefore, hypernovae can give lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios than supernovae at a given progenitor mass.
The hypernova rate is not very high at present, but can be high for low-metallicity stars because of small angular momentum loss.
(iv)
Faint supernovae are proposed to explain the elemental abundance patterns of CEMP stars from carbon to zinc.
The central parts of supernova ejecta that contain most of iron fall back onto the black hole, while the stellar envelopes that contain carbon are ejected as in normal supernovae.
Therefore, the [C/Fe] ratio of faint supernovae is as large as that of CEMP stars.
Among $\alpha$ elements, O and Mg are synthesized during hydrostatic burning and located in the outskirts of ejecta.
Therefore, faint supernovae often have high [(O, Mg)/Fe] ratios, depending on mixing-fallback processes.
The faint supernovae scenario is also the best explanation of the observed carbon-enhanced damped Lyman $\alpha$ (DLA) system \citep{kob11dla}.
(v)
Primordial stars with initial masses of $\sim 140-270 M_\odot$ enter into the electron-positron pair-instability region during the central oxygen-burning stages, where most of O and Mg are transformed into Si, S, and Fe.
Pair-instability supernovae produce a much larger amount of iron and higher [(Si,S)/(O,Mg)] ratios than core-collapse supernovae.
Such abundance patterns have been found neither in EMP stars \citep[e.g.,][]{cay04} nor in DLA systems \citep{kob11dla}.

In this Letter, we explore our supernova and hypernova models with/without mixing-fallback over a wide range of progenitor mass.
We then perform abundance fitting to observed low-$\alpha$ stars and discuss the enrichment sources (\S2).
In \S3 we give more general discussion on supernovae and chemical enrichment, and  summarize our main conclusions in \S4.

\begin{table*}[tbh]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lccccccccccc}
\hline
Name  & [Fe/H] & [Mg/Fe] & [Ca/Fe] & $M$ & $E_{51}$&  $M_{\rm cut}$ & $M_{\rm mix}$  & $\log f$& $M_{\rm rem}$ &  $M(^{56}{\rm Ni})$  & $\chi^{2}/N$\\
      & (dex) & (dex) & (dex) & ($M_{\odot}$)&($10^{51}$ erg) &  ($M_{\odot}$) & ($M_{\odot}$)  &    & ($M_{\odot}$) &  ($M_{\odot}$)    &\\
\hline
J144256$-$001542 & $-4.09\pm0.21$ & $0.27$ & $0.29$ & 15 & 1  & 1.5  & -   &  $0.0$ &  1.5  &  0.06   &0.12\\
                      &                &        &        & 15 & 1  & 1.4  & 1.5 & $-1.2$ &  1.5  &  0.06  &0.12\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 1  & 1.7  & 2.9 & $-0.4$ &  2.4  &  0.10  &$<$0.01\\
                      &                &        &        & 40 & 30 & 2.2  & 5.9 & $-0.8$ &  5.3  &  0.33  &$<$0.01\\
J153346$+$155701 & $-3.34\pm0.26$ & $0.06$ & $0.08$ & 15 & 1  & 1.4  & -   &  $0.0$ &  1.4  &  0.14   &0.38\\
                      &                &        &        & 15 & 1  & 1.4  & 1.5 & $-0.3$ &  1.4  &  0.09     &0.09\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 1  & 1.7  & 3.6 & $-0.3$ &  2.6  &  0.13     &0.19\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 10 & 1.8  & 3.5 & $-0.4$ &  2.8  &  0.24     &$<$0.01\\
J161956$+$170539 & $-3.57\pm0.25$ & $0.04$ &$-0.35$ & 15 & 1 &  1.4 & 3.2 & $-4.0$ & 3.2 & 1.4$\times 10^{-5}$   &0.30\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 10 &  1.7 & 6.5 & $-4.0$ & 6.5 & 6.7$\times 10^{-5}$  &0.71\\
\hline
HE0305-5442 & $-3.30\pm0.20$ & $0.22$ & $-0.04$ & 15 & 1  & 1.4  & 1.6   &  $-0.5$ &  1.5  &  0.04   &1.37\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 10 & 1.7  & 6.2& $-1.6$ &  6.1 &  0.02     &1.14\\
HE1416-1032 & $-3.20\pm0.16$ & $0.18$ & $0.03$ & 15 & 1  & 1.4  & 4.3   &  $-2.4$ &  4.3  &  5.4$\times 10^{-4}$   &3.10\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 10 & 1.9  & 9.1 & $-3.6$ &  9.1 &  1.3$\times 10^{-4}$     &3.67\\
HE2356-0410 & $-3.06\pm0.20$ & $0.11$ &$0.16$ & 15 & 1 &  1.4 & 3.1 & $-3.7$ & 3.1 & 2.7$\times 10^{-5}$   &8.64\\
                      &                &        &        & 25 & 10 &  1.9 & 7.1 & $-4.7$ & 7.1 & 1.0$\times 10^{-5}$  &6.01\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{\rm Observed abundances, the parameters of nucleosynthesis models (progenitor mass $M$, explosion energy $E_{51}$, inner boundary $M_{\rm cut}$, outer boundary $M_{\rm mix}$, and ejection fraction $f$ of the mixing region), the outputs (remnant mass $M_{\rm rem}$, and ejected iron mass M$(^{56}{\rm Ni})$), and the $\chi^{2}$ of the abundance fitting.}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

\section{Abundance Fitting}

We adopt progenitor star models from \citet{ume05} for $13, 15, 25$ and $40M_\odot$ with the same modification of the number of electrons per nucleon, $Y_{\rm e}$, as in \citet{kob06}.
During the supernova explosion, the elements synthesized in different stellar layers should mix to some extent, and some fraction of this mixed material falls back onto the remnant.
We calculate nucleosynthesis yields by using mixing-fallback models
\citep{ume02,iwa05,tom07} for supernovae and hypernovae.
The mass-energy relation is taken from the results of light curve fitting \citep{nom03}; $E_{51}=1$ for $13-40M_\odot$ supernovae, and $E_{51}=10$ and $30$ for $25$ and $40M_\odot$ hypernovae, respectively.
We then perform the parameter search for three dimensional spaces of the inner boundary of mixing $M_{\rm cut}$ (i.e. mass cut), the outer boundary of mixing $M_{\rm mix}$, and the ejection fraction of the mixing region $f$.
The minimum, maximum, steplength for each parameter are: $M_{\rm cut}=$ [iron core mass, $3M_\odot$, $0.1M_\odot$], $M_{\rm mix}=$ [$M_{\rm cut}$, MIN(CO core mass, $16M_\odot$), $0.1M_\odot$], and $\log f=[-5, 0, 0.1]$.
Note that $f=1$ corresponds to the case without mixing-fallback.
We search acceptable models using the chi-squared test statistic,
and the parameters of favoured models that have least $\chi^{2}$ for given $M$ and $E$ are listed in Table 1.
Acceptable models have parameters around the peaks and give similar $\chi^{2}$ values.

For the three stars in \citet{caf13},
the observational constraints are [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], and [Ca I/Fe], and detection or non-detection of [C/Fe].
Provided signal-to-noise ratio, temperature, and gravity of the two stars with no carbon detection, we estimate that [C/Fe] ratios should be lower than $\sim 1.5$ from spectral synthesis, and apply this constraint.
It is the iron peak elements that give a much stronger constraint on model parameters, but there are no observational estimates available for these stars.
Instead, we put a constraint on the Ni abundance as [Ni/Fe] $<0.5$ because [Ni/Fe] is almost 0 for a wide range of metallicity (see Fig. 24 of \citealt{kob06}).
Figure 1 shows the comparison of the elemental abundance patterns between observations and favored models.

{\it SDSSJ144256+001542} --- The observed [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios ($\sim 0.3$)
are consistent with LTE abundances of typical halo stars \citep{coh13,yon13}, but are slightly lower than the IMF-weighted yields ([Mg/Fe] $\sim 0.5$\footnote{This is consistent with NLTE abundances \citep{and10}.} and [Ca/Fe] $\sim 0.3$).
Therefore, the observed [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios can be reproduced with the yields of (1) $13-15M_\odot$ supernovae, (2) $13-40M_\odot$ supernovae with mixing-fallback, or (3) hypernovae.
Among normal supernovae (with ejected iron mass $M({\rm Fe}) \sim 0.07M_\odot$), if the progenitor mass is as low as $13-15M_\odot$, the observed ratios can be reproduced even without mixing-fallback (solid line, see \S 1).
However, $25-40M_\odot$ models without mixing-fallback give $M({\rm Fe})$ larger than observed supernovae.
The remnant mass is around $M_{\rm rem} \sim 2M_\odot$, which is in the range of neutron stars.
With mixing-fallback, the observed ratios can be reproduced with many parameter sets.
However, to be consistent with observed supernovae ($M({\rm Fe})=0.05-0.15M_\odot$), $40M_\odot$ models require extended mixing and large fallback ($M_{\rm mix}>8 M_\odot$ and $f<0.3$), in order for a large fraction of the CO core to fall back, which is not very realistic (see \S 3).
For hypernovae (dotted line), as we allow $M({\rm Fe})>0.1M_\odot$, [$\alpha$/Fe] can be reproduced with $25-40M_\odot$.
The remnant mass is $M_{\rm rem} \gtsim 4M_\odot$, which is in the range of black holes.

{\it SDSSJ153346+155701} --- Although the observed [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios ($\sim 0$)
are lower than the above stars, the ratios can be reproduced with (1) $13-15M_\odot$ supernovae (solid line), (2) $13-40M_\odot$ supernovae with mixing-fallback, or (3) hypernovae (dotted line).
Compared with the above star, a smaller mass cut $M_{\rm cut}$ is favored at a given progenitor mass, in order to obtain larger iron yields and thus lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios.
With mixing-fallback, larger $M_{\rm mix}$ and/or larger $f$ values could also make lower [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios.
To be consistent with observed supernovae,
$40M_\odot$ supernova models require unrealistically extended mixing and large fallback ($M_{\rm mix}>8M_\odot$ and $f<0.2$).
Among hypernovae, $25M_\odot$ models give a slightly better fit than $40M_\odot$ models.

{\it SDSSJ161956+170539} --- This star shows a carbon enhancement, and thus the enrichment source should be faint supernovae (dotted line) or faint hypernovae (dashed line).
A large fraction of material in the mixing region falls back onto a remnant, and thus the ejected iron mass is smaller than $M({\rm Fe})=0.001M_\odot$.
If there is no such large fallback, the [C/Fe] ratio becomes too small (solid line).
This is the case for models of other CEMP stars at [Fe/H]$\ltsim -3$, independent of the [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios.
In order to reproduce the observed low [Mg/Fe] ratio, it is necessary that the progenitor mass is lower than that for other CEMP stars, or that there is more extended mixing and larger fallback ($M_{\rm mix} \gtsim 8M_\odot$).
Among $\alpha$ elements, [(Si,Ca)/(O,Mg)] ratios tend to be higher for massive stars.
Therefore, $25-40M_\odot$ supernova/hypernova models may produce [Si/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] ratios larger than the observed ratios.
In any case, the remnant mass is as massive as $M_{\rm rem} \sim 5M_\odot$, which is in the range of black holes.
Although the $M({\rm Fe})$ in Table 1 may be too small to make a star with [Fe/H] $\sim -3$, there are acceptable models that have $M({\rm Fe}) \sim 10^{-4}M_\odot$ with $\chi^{2}/N=0.30$ and $0.86$ for $15$ and $25M_\odot$ models, respectively.

To put a further constraint on the models of enrichment sources with abundance fitting, it is necessary to use elemental abundances of iron-peak elements.
We also apply the abundance fitting for a subset of the sample from \citet{coh13} that have [Fe/H] $<-3$, low [Mg/Fe] $<0.25$, and high signal-to-noise ratios, S/N $>80$.
This set includes four stars (HE2357-0701, HE1416-1032, HE0305-5442, and BS16467-062 with [Mg/Fe] $=0.12, 0.18, 0.22$ and $0.24$, respectively) that do not show carbon enhancement, and one CEMP-low-$\alpha$ star (HE2356-0410 with [Mg/Fe]$=0.11$) that is similar to \citet{caf13}'s CEMP star.
Figure 2 shows the comparison of the elemental abundance patterns between observations and favored models.
NLTE corrections are included for Al observations ($+0.6$, \citealt{coh13}), but not for Na ($\sim -0.2$ to $-0.5$), and we apply a constant shift of $+0.2$ for Cr I \citep{lai08}, but not for Mn I ($\sim +0.3$).

For all of the five low [Mg/Fe] stars, the abundance patterns can be reproduced with core-collapse supernovae, i.e., (1) $13-15M_\odot$ supernovae, (2) $13-40M_\odot$ supernovae with mixing-fallback, or (3) hypernovae, except for the following elements.
Sc, Ti, V, and Co yields depend on the density structure of progenitor stars \citep{tom07}, and can be larger with two-dimensional explosions \citep{tom09}.
Mn and Co yields depend on $Y_{\rm e}$ that can vary due to the neutrino process during the explosion.
Co and Zn yields depend on the explosion energy \citep{ume05,kob06,tom07}.
N, Na, and Al yields depend not only on the existence of rotation, but also the degree of mixing of hydrogen during hydrostatic burning.
In our abundance fitting, Na, Al, K, Sc, and Ti are excluded.

For all five stars, compared with other models, $40M_\odot$ supernova models show stronger odd-Z effects. In particular, [Co/Fe] ratios are much lower than in $13-25M_\odot$ supernova models and hypernova models.
This relative difference in [Co/Fe] among models will remain, although the absolute amounts of Co yields should be increased with multi-dimensional explosions with the neutrino process.
Therefore, $40M_\odot$ supernova models are strongly disfavored from the observed Co abundances.
Among four non-CEMP stars, HE1416-1032 and HE2357-0701 show some nitrogen enhancement with ([N/Fe], [N/C])=(0.37, $>0.80$) and (0.87, 0.61), respectively.
This nitrogen enhancement could be explained with faint supernova/hypernova models.
We should note, however, that the C and N abundances may be affected by internal mixing \cite[e.g.,][]{spi05}.
For the CEMP star, the enrichment source should be faint supernovae/hypernovae.
In most of cases, C/O is lower, Si/O is higher, (Cr,Mn)/Fe are lower, and (Co,Zn)/Fe are higher for $40M_\odot$ hypernova models than for $13-15M_\odot$ supernova models.
This observed high [Zn/Fe] ratio can be realised only with hypernova models, i.e., with even higher explosion energy.
Note that the observed [Mn/Fe] ratio may be higher than in our models, which could be explained with the variation of $Y_{\rm e}$ due to the neutrino process.

There are other low-$\alpha$ EMP stars in the literature. In \citet{yon13}, 13 out of 47 stars show [Mg/Fe] $<0.2$, although Zn abundances are not available.
In \citet{bar05}, 57 out of 253 stars show [Mg/Fe] $<0.2$, although the data quality is not as good as in \citet{coh13} and \citet{yon13}.
Among the 57 stars, 7 stars show high [Zn/Fe] $>0.3$ including HE0547-4539 at [Fe/H] $=-3.01$, indicating hypernovae, while 6 stars do not show such Zn enhancement, and may be consistent with $13-25M_\odot$ supernovae.

\section{Discussion}

The variation of [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios of EMP stars has been known.
\citet{kob00} commented that some anomalous stars that have low [$\alpha$/Fe] at [Fe/H] $\ltsim-1$ can be explained not by SNe Ia but by $13-15M_\odot$ core-collapse supernovae.
\citet{arg02} showed that the predicted [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios have a too large scatter in stochastic models of chemical evolution with the yields from \citet{nom97}.
In the updated yields of \citet{kob06}, the ejected iron mass $M({\rm Fe})$ was constrained from the observations of supernovae \citep{nom03}.
As a result, $M({\rm Fe})$ was decreased in low-mass supernovae and increased in high-mass supernovae.
Therefore, the intrinsic variation of [$\alpha$/Fe] became much smaller in \citet{kob06} than in \citet{nom97}.
In chemodynamical simulations with the updated yields, the scatter of [$\alpha$/Fe] is comparable to observations (Fig. 13 of \citealt{kob11mw}).

The mixing-fallback effect is naturally expected in the case of hypernovae, which are jet-induced explosions followed by black hole formation \citep{tom07a,tom09}.
In hypernovae, large fallback is possible even for such energetic explosions as $E_{51}\gtsim10$ if the timescale of jet-injection is long \citep{tom07a}.
In supernovae, it is also possible that some degree of mixing occurs through Rayleigh-Taylor instability \citep[e.g.,][]{hac90,jog09}.
\citet{hac91} showed that more massive supernovae tend to undergo less extended Rayleigh-Taylor mixing (i.e., smaller $M_{\rm mix}$) because of the smaller deceleration of the expanding core due to smoother density structures.

The origin of CEMP-low-$\alpha$ is interesting.
If there is a CEMP-low-$\alpha$ star with [Zn/Fe] $\sim$ [Co/Fe] $\sim 0$, that would require a new population, i.e., $\sim 10-20M_\odot$ faint supernovae that form black holes.
For $\ltsim 20M_\odot$ stars, they are believed to form neutron stars, and thus black-hole forming faint supernovae have not been discussed in previous works.

On the other hand, $\sim 10-20M_\odot$ supernovae are not rare.
Because of the smaller ejection mass than that of more massive stars, the contribution from $\sim 10-20M_\odot$ supernovae can appear at various metallicities in the system where chemical enrichment took place inhomogeneously.
One example may be dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs).
It is known that stars in dSphs show lower [$\alpha$/Fe] than the stars in the solar neighborhood at a given metallicity \citep[e.g.,][]{tol09},
and some EMP stars in dSphs also show low [$\alpha$/Fe] \citep{aok09}.
This is sometimes explained by the contribution from SNe Ia with a longer timescale of star formation (if the SN Ia lifetimes do not depend on the progenitor metallicity).
However, the elemental abundance patterns, in particular the [Mn/Fe] ratios as low as halo stars \citep{nor12}, are not consistent with the enrichment from SNe Ia.
In small systems such as dSphs, it is likely that the star formation efficiency is low and thus the sampling of massive stars is incomplete, which results in the missing contribution from massive stars at $\gtsim20M_\odot$ (\citealt{kob06,nom13}, see also \citealt{mcw13}).
In the Milky Way Galaxy, similar abundance patterns was reported by \citet{nis10,nis11}, which tend to be accreted halo stars from their kinematics.
\citet{ish12} also showed that stars with the Galactic outer halo kinematics tend to have low [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios.
For such an accretion component, incomplete sampling of massive stars is possible, although the metallicity is higher than that of EMP stars.
The abundance patterns of these stars are also consistent with our $13-25M_\odot$ supernova models.

Abundance fitting is a new approach to study the properties of supernovae.
Statistical studies with a large homogeneous sample will be able to answer the following questions:
What is the major source of chemical enrichment in the early Universe?
Namely, what were the distribution functions of progenitor mass, ejected iron mass, and explosion energy of supernovae?
Are the mass-energy and mass-iron mass relations of nearby supernovae reproduced?
What is the mass function of the remnants of the first stars?

\section{Conclusions}

In the early stages of chemical enrichment, the interstellar medium is supposed to be highly inhomogeneous, so that the properties of the first supernovae can be directly extracted from the comparison between the observed elemental abundances and nucleosynthesis yields.
We show that the low [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios recently found for a small fraction of extremely metal-poor stars can be naturally explained with the nucleosynthesis yields of core-collapse supernovae, i.e., (1) $13-25M_\odot$ supernovae, or (2) hypernovae.
If we allow an enhanced mixing and a large fallback, $40M_\odot$ supernova models (3) could be consistent with the observed low [$\alpha$/Fe] ratios.
For the case without carbon enhancement, the ejected iron masses of these favored models (1-3) are normal, $M({\rm Fe})=0.05-0.15M_\odot$ for supernovae and $M({\rm Fe})=0.1-1.4M_\odot$ for hypernovae, consistent with observed light curves and spectra of nearby supernovae.
The first source (1) has been included in the standard set of nucleosynthesis yields that have been applied to galactic chemical evolution models, while the other sources are different from those in galactic chemical evolution models and rarer.

On the other hand, the carbon enhancement requires much smaller iron production, and the low [$\alpha$/Fe] of carbon enhanced metal-poor stars can also be reproduced with faint supernovae or faint hypernovae.
The ejected iron mass is $M({\rm Fe})<0.001M_\odot$, much smaller than normal supernovae.
These enrichment sources are similar to those proposed for typical carbon-enhanced EMP stars and DLAs with [$\alpha$/Fe]$\gtsim0.5$, but the progenitor mass is as low as $13-25 M_\odot$, or more extended mixing and larger fallback occur in $25-40M_\odot$ stars.
The former case implies that $\ltsim 25M_\odot$ stars may form black holes.

Iron-peak element abundances, in particular Zn abundances, are important to put further constraints on the enrichment sources.
$25-40M_\odot$ supernova (not hypernova) models may disagree with the observed high Co abundances of low [$\alpha$/Fe] stars.
The frequency of these sources should be examined with future galactic archaeology surveys.

\acknowledgments
We would like to thank E. Caffau and P. Bonifacio for providing their results prior to publication.
We are grateful to A. Bunker for fruitful discussion.
This work has been supported in part by WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan, and by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the JSPS (18104003, 20540226) and MEXT (19047004, 22012003).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Jeff lives in Massillon, Ohio with his wife Rona, daughter Lauren and their dog Max. Jeff sings Bass and handles the emcee work for Mercy River. Saved at the age of 12, Jeff learned to sing bass in church standing next to his father. "My dad could sing all four parts, we'd start off singing bass together, then he'd jump up to tenor, I'd follow him but he always told me to stay down on bass." Jeff learned to love Southern Gospel quartet music listening to tapes of the Inspirations. At the age of 14 Jeff went to see the Inspirations in concert with the Happy Goodman Family, that was it, Jeff was hooked. Some months later Jeff began singing with The Soulseekers, from Akron, Ohio.
Jeff was the founder and Bass singer for The Master's Quartet and has had the privilege to minister in services with Gold City, The Inspirations and The Freemans. In addition Jeff has sung with the Songsters and GloryWay Quartet.
After being out of gospel music for several years Jeff began feeling God's call on his life once again to return to gospel music and ministering through song, Jeff began praying and seeking God's direction and through those prayers and searching, Mercy River Quartet was born.


Home › The Yarn Makery - Hand Dyed in York!
The Yarn Makery - Hand Dyed in York!
Welcome to the collection of my own hand dyed yarns! All our 4ply yarns are blends of British Wool, and all our yarns are dyed by me, right here in York, and named after Shakespeare characters with whom they share characteristics. I'm operating a "One of a kind" dye system at the moment, so no two yarns are currently identical!


text:
Harriet Fasenfest
Name Harriet Fasenfest
Books A Householder's Guide to the Universe: A Calendar of Basics for the Home and Beyond
Householding: Preview
Harriet Fasenfest (born 1953) is an American writer, urban gardener, and food preservation educator in Portland, Oregon. A former owner/operator of several restaurants and cafes, she uses the term "householding" when referring to the practice of home food growing, canning and storage. She published her first book, A Householder's Guide to the Universe, in 2010.
Fasenfest was born and raised in Bronx, New York. She moved to the Northwest in 1978 where she owned and operated the Bertie Lou's and Harriet's Eat Now cafes. In 1990 she went back to traveling the country, married, moved back to California, and then moved to Georgia in 1992. While there, she began working with Habitat for Humanity International. In 1997 Fasenfest returned to Portland to work as director of the Performance Salon Series at North Portland's North Star Ballroom, an events arena which combined art and performance with social activism, and in 2000 opened her last cafe, Groundswell.
In 2004 she transformed her backyard in Northern Portland into a producing garden. She grows produce with an eye to home canning and storing, and teaches classes in food preservation and backyard gardening. She is the co-owner of Preserve, an educational center for home gardening and food preservation, and creator of the www.portlandpreserve.com website, on which she writes a blog called The Householder's Grab Bag. She also blogs for Culinate.com.
Fasenfest regards home food preservation as a political and economic statement. She uses the term "householding" rather than "homemaking" or "home economics" to describe her work. She published her views on home gardening and food preservation in A Householder's Guide to the Universe: A Calendar of Basics for the Home and Beyond. The book is organized by month and season.
She lives in Portland, Oregon
Harriet Fasenfest Wikipedia
Deian Boldor


Discussion in 'Hip Replacement Recovery Area' started by beachlily, Apr 2, 2019.
Surgery is tomorrow. I'm already thinking ahead to recovery. Any helpful hints-dos-don't s much appreciated. Thanks!
My best advice is don't fear recovery. I did fear it. I feared it all, surgery, recovery, Day 3-4 that people warn about. Didn't happen. You've been through it before, so you have an idea. Nothing is as bad, painful or difficult as I imagined it would be. I think you'll do great.
Following are the Recovery Guidelines - great informative articles that are beneficial to Recovery.
Oh...and ice, ice, ice lil miracle worker....at least in my opinion.
Left message in your other thread.
You will be fine and all the temporary recovery business will be that...temporary.
So flow with it...and know you are going to improve your life!
It's done! Im a bionic hipster. I'm in post op now . Waiting to eat.
Fantastic for you, all done! I agree, sleep and lots & lots of ice!
Now its time to recover!!
Glad to know you are on the healing side.
Relax and rest and ice it up if you can!
Congratulations @beachlily Are you home yet??
Isn't it amazing to wake up without that gnawing pain?! It will soon be a distant memory. Now you can get your life back, so happy for you!
Congrats @beachlily It's nice to see your post.
Safe travels home. Will look forward to hearing from you when you're resting comfortably at home.
I hope you get some sleep tonight.
Hope you are home and settling in.
First days can be a bit jarring after the initial euphoria of "I made it...it's done" wears off.
Review your recovery guidelines...stay ahead of the pain and keep that ice going!
Wishing you a safe journey home, if you haven't already done it I'd suggest at least one stop to stretch if possible. It sounds like you are doing really well, take it easy and you'll soon be feeling better and better.