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Amendment XXVI, Section 1
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Guest Essayist: Janice Brenman, Attorney
Amendment XXVI:
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment: Empowering America's Youth
Throughout our nation's history the right to vote has remained a cornerstone of cherished civil liberties and democratic processes. This right, however, was granted to select members of the populace until a century and a half ago. The end of the Civil War brought about 3 "Reconstruction Amendments" aimed to bring constitutionally granted "blessings of liberty" to the black male populace – the 3rd of these, the 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, granted voting rights regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Half a century later, women were also granted the right to vote, after various organizations staged a protracted series of processions and protests. Several countries, such as Sweden, Finland (then known as the Grand Duchy (Dutch-ee)), Britain and Australia, had already forged ground in this area at the end of the 19th century. The resulting 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920, which prohibited state and federal sex-based voting restrictions. Additional suffrage privileges were granted with ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1964 – which guaranteed that voting rights of citizens
"shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax."
Age was the next obstacle to overcome.
The Constitution allowed states to dictate voting qualifications, subject to restrictions incorporated into Amendments. One of these Amendments, the 14th, mandated an age 21 minimum for male suffrage, with the caveat of withholding any state's representation in Congress should this right be denied. With the onset of World War II, many young men and women under age 21 entered military service, sparking discussions about reducing the voting age to 18. It seemed ironic that one could be called up for military service at 18 and denied the right to vote for the country one was entrusted to defend. So, in 1942, four Congressmen introduced resolutions to reduce the age to 18. Over 150 proposals were initiated, some setting the age to 19. In the early 1950s, Senate debated one of "18" resolutions, but it failed by a vote of 34 to 24. By the late 1960s, the Vietnam War was rapidly escalating and thousands of young Americans enlisted, or, were drafted for active duty overseas. As of 1968, 25% of the troops were under age 21 and made up an even higher percentage of casualties. 'Old enough to fight, old enough to vote' became a mantra for the burgeoning Baby Boom generation.
The resolutions for lowering the voting age began to gain momentum once again. Congress held hearings on the subject between 1968 and 1970. These hearings touched on the link between military service and voting, but primarily focused on the increased educational levels of modern youth. Their discussions also focused on the ever-increasing responsibilities of the 18-21 year old demographic: attending college, driving automobiles, drinking alcohol (in subsequent years, states raised this age to 21), holding jobs, starting families, being tried as adults in court. Concurrently, in a narrow 5-4 vote, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) that 18 year olds could vote in federal elections, but not in those held at the state, or, local levels.
States now were tasked with evaluating their suffrage-age laws, and sixteen states did just that in 1970. Six states lowered the age and ten remained unswayed. Other states began to weigh administrative and cost advantages in matching the new federal framework. Congress then added a provision to the Voting Rights Act in 1970 setting the minimum voting age to 18 for both national and state elections, arguing it had broad power to protect voting rights under Section 5 of the 14th Amendment. With that, Congress accelerated its commitment to incorporate the youth suffrage movement within the framework of the Constitution. Congress passed the 26th Amendment March 23, 1971. In the fastest ratification process on record (107 days), three fourths of the states ratified this landmark proposal July 1, 1971.
Note: Amendment 14, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 1 of the 26th amendment.
Ms. Janice R. Brenman is a former prosecutor now in private practice in Los Angeles. She has commented in major legal publications on the subject of legal reform and celebrity influence on the legal system. She has also appeared in medical malpractice, products liability and complex civil litigation, and is well versed in all forms of discovery. From 1999 to 2000, Ms. Brenman was a City Prosecutor and Community Preservationist. She clerked for the Honorable Rupert J. Groh(Grow), Jr., of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Ms. Brenman also worked researching, writing and editing under a Nobel Prize winning laureate.
Essay #81
June 11, 2012 /3 Comments/by Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie
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Federalist No. 30 – Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet
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Guest Blogger: Attorney Janice R. Brenman
Tuesday, June 8th, 2010
Alexander Hamilton is widely known as the first Secretary of the Treasury, and one of the strongest advocates of our Constitution. Born illegitimately in the Caribbean to a Scottish merchant father and a mother of French Huguenot descent, he was already managing the affairs of an accounting office by age 15. After penning an essay in French detailing the devastation from a local hurricane, Hamilton was offered educational opportunities in the new, promising American colonies. He volunteered with a local militia, and became an aide to General Washington during the Revolutionary War. Afterward, Hamilton began an expansive career as a lawyer and political activist. One of his most enduring achievements was authoring many of The Federalist Papers (originally known as, The Federalist), a series of manifestos advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution.
To maintain anonymity, Hamilton, along with co-authors James Madison and John Jay, used the pseudonym "Publius" (after famed Roman Empire consul) to publish articles in three prominent New York newspapers, and later in bound volumes. These articles reflect Hamilton's enthusiasm for the new American country and his sharp mental abilities. His death, via a duel with political rival Aaron Burr, was the final touch on a life filled with vigorous advocacy in the public policy arena with a special focus on promoting a strong national government for the United States.
Federalist Paper #30, "Concerning the General Power of Taxation." is perhaps Hamilton at his finest. Hamilton begins by explaining that the National Treasury exists to subsidize a wide range of legitimate pursuits of the federal government. The Articles of Confederation gave Congress responsibility for managing needs of the confederacy, yet did not provide the means to do so.
Herein lies the function of taxation – a system by which all citizens have a stake in balancing benefits and costs afforded by a federal government positioned to furnish a functioning army, paying government employees, repaying current and future national debts, and other appropriate expenses. He posited that a government cannot function absent some taxes, and its power to collect taxes among the populace is necessary. Without taxes, the people would be plundered as a substitute for legitimate taxation, or, the government would eventually perish.
Hamilton delves into what many of his contemporaries saw as a substantive controversy: internal and external taxation by the new federal government. Hamilton explains the difference between an external tax and an internal tax, and then describes how the federal government should be responsible for both. An external tax is a custom duty levied against any item coming into a colony to raise revenue – for example, a piece of machinery made in England. The duty is paid by the shipper and passed on to the consumer, in the form of a higher price for that machinery. An internal tax is unrelated to imports or exports. The Stamp Tax in England set an example – an excise tax imposed on stamped paper for legal documents (including licenses and permits), bills of lading, pamphlets and newspapers. Therefore, the price of a newspaper included the cost of the stamp placed on the paper as the tax.
Critics of the new Constitution charged that internal taxation should be used exclusively by the State governments and external taxation reserved for the federal government. Hamilton noted this ideal to be "romantic poetry" and that external taxes alone, on items such as commercial imports, cannot provide enough revenue for a government as extensive as the one proposed, especially in times of war. Disallowing the federal government from internal taxation violates the maxim of good sense and sound policy he argues. Essentially, critics claim internal taxation should be the sole authority of local government, and trade revenues should go to the federal government. This policy, however, not only subordinates the federal government, but also forces it to rely on states for security and prosperity of the nation as a whole. Eventually, the Union would weaken and create conflict between the federal and state government, and perhaps even between the states themselves.
This conflict becomes even more evident during wartime. The United States was in its infancy, thus capital reserves minimal. The federal government could not depend on State requisitions alone – a loan would be needed for even the wealthiest of nations since no government would extend credit to the United States absent a reliable method of debt repayment. Dependence on the states, which might not prove reliable, would force the federal government to seek loans in the private markets essentially subsidizing loan sharks that would charge the new government high interest rates. For any other national emergency, some might fear funds allocated via taxation would be diverted, even if the national government has the unrestrained power of taxation.
However, two considerations will quiet these fears: (1) during a crisis the full resources of the community will be used for the benefit of the Union; and, (2) deficiencies can be supplied by loans. Thus, Hamilton argues for a federal internal tax as well as an external federal tax.
Special thanks should be given to a myriad of sources (including Mary E. Webster) with regard to translating the complex lexicon of Chancery Standard used in the Papers into modern English.
Ms. Janice R. Brenman is a former prosecutor now in private practice in Los Angeles. She has commented in major legal publications on the subject of legal reform and celebrity influence on the legal system. She has also appeared in medical malpractice, products liability and complex civil litigation, and is well versed in all forms of discovery. From 1999 to 2000 Ms. Brenman was a City Prosecutor and Community Preservationist. She clerked for the Honorable Rupert J. Groh, Jr., of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Ms. Brenman also worked researching, writing and editing under a Nobel Prize winning laureate.
22 Responses to "June 8, 2010 – Federalist No. 30 – Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet – Guest Blogger: Attorney Janice R. Brenman"
"Revenue . . . must be had at all events."—Hamilton No.12
"Money is, with propriety, considered as the vital principle of the body politic; as that which sustains its life and motion, and enables it to perform its most essential functions. A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular and adequate supply of it, as far as the resources of the community will permit, may be regarded as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution."—Hamilton No. 30
Okay, okay, I get it—the general government needs a dependable and sufficient supply of money. The questions remain: For what purpose and from whom? And most importantly, how is the federal government going to be restrained from taking too much from the citizens?
According to Hamilton, the proper check on government taxing is the limit of the "resources of the community." That's great if you get to spend other people's money by becoming the first Treasury Secretary under the new Constitution. It's not so great in the early years of the 21st century given that, in the last 80 years or so, the federal government has increased its share of the GDP by about 25 times.
I wish I could go back in time and knock some sense into the good Colonel. With the benefit of hindsight and that oracle of wisdom, experience, we all know that the federal government has an insatiable appetite for citizens' hard-earned dollars—it never has stopped, and it never will stop, at simply taking money for only those necessary, enumerated objects. One need only review a random sampling of the earmarks (bribes) in any recent legislative monstrosity to discover the government will redistribute our money for just about any project here at home or even abroad.
What's happening to various countries in the EU should be a cautionary tale for Americans. The problem countries got in their current situation by the same big-government formula our current administration seems to be adopting: Tax and spend, tax and spend, borrow and spend, borrow and spend . . . . The end is not good—worthless dollars in Americans' pockets and shared misery for all but the various elite groups. And every aspect of the everyday life of Americans (and now with ObamaCare, the manner and time of our deaths also) will be under government control.
LIMITED GOVERNMENT IS THE ANSWER. "PUBLIC WELFARE," "SOCIAL JUSTICE," "ECONOMIC JUSTICE" ARE THE DISTRACTIONS.
George Will has a good piece on the Limitless Welfare State:
http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/will060310.php3
Susan Craig says:
Granted that taxes are a necessary evil where it went off the rails is that we allowed the situation where people were able to vote themselves other peoples money.
Nickie Summers says:
So much to wrap the brain around!! Again, as I read each paper the clarity of how far this country has moved from the outlining principles over the years is amazing…and I thought most of our politicians were contitutional lawyers/professors! The intended use of taxation has been mutated, leaders manipulate the English language to justify their encroachment into the private sector and individuals.
BUT…I read ahead Federalist 31 this morning and without spilling the beans, there is a fabulous point made. One that we've all heard before and one that is in full action mode across the country!!
Kurt says:
I think your argument just underscores how we as citizens need to stay involved and monitor our government. When they get out of hand, kick them out of office. I think many of the founding fathers views where predicated on the idea that the citizenry would cherish their freedoms/rights and would jealously protect them. My reading of their writings show quite a distrust of government. We were expected to constantly question and limit what it does, we are the ones to decide the limit of the resources of the community not government. Do you allow the employee to decide his own pay or do you set it?
I imagine they would be shocked, dumbfounded and maybe even disgusted at the state of the citizenry's protection of its rights today – just give us some government cheese and we'll go back to sleep.
W. B. Neate says:
Ms. Brenman in the first sentence of paragraph #4, "Herein lies the function of taxation – a system by which all citizens have a stake in balancing benefits and costs afforded by a federal government …..," highlights what has been lost in our system of taxation. No longer do "all citizens have a stake." Not only do nearly 1/2 of our citizens pay no federal income tax, but a large and growing portion of this group are recipients of government/taxpayer subsidies. Most sadly these subsidies, along with much of our government spending, come from borrowed funds. I am fearful that this may become a voting block too large to overcome.
Our system of taxation has morphed from a means of "balancing benefits and costs of government" to a means of social/economic engineering. In large measure the left uses the system to pander to the masses and the right uses it to curry favor with big business. Regrettably I can't remember who said it but early in the last century it was said that Democracy will fail when the elected realize they can bribe the electorate with their own money. Well, I think they long ago figured it out.
Survival of life in America as we have known it requires our returning to our founding roots of truly limited government and a method of taxation less susceptible to misuse. Surely the time has come for a Flat or Fair tax. If only we could elect statesmen, rather than politicians, to step up to the plate, make the tough, unpopular decisions and lead with boldness.
Ron Meier says:
"How can it undertake or execute any liberal or enlarged plans of public good?" This is the essence of the problem today – a definitional problem. The left argues that the "public good" is far more expansive than the right believes it to be. Until we come to grips with and fully understand just how wide and deep the "public good" should be allowed to be, we will not get off the track we've been on since FDR's time. We are arguing this today, but we have not yet reached the crisis stage. History demonstrates that problems are not really addressed until the crisis bubble is pricked by some outside third party (e.g., China refusing to buy more of our bonds). Our legislators are like real estate bankers who will continue to loan money as long as it's available long after their rational brain tells them that the ending will be ugly. We now know the ending will be ugly, but it's business as usual in Washington, DC.
There is wide space to debate what is important to national security. To the extreme, we've seen national interest used to justify globalism, i.e., all nations must be intricately woven economically to prevent wars, save the environment, distribute resources most efficiently, etc. The debate has gradually pushed us to where we now finance the defense of other nations, fund wars to defend/install democratic societies, bailout state governments and private enterprises, and so on. There is now a huge federal bureaucracy engaged in nothing more than enforcing and collecting the federal income tax. As many early Americans feared, the power of taxation has helped to create the monster that now paradoxically dictates how we live and pursue happiness (and if we should live) under the guise of protecting us. The monster is now attacking wealth-makers and producers and will see its money supply drastically diminished as a result. This seems to be purposeful and intended to destroy our great nation.
Carolyn Attaway says:
The words Hamilton wrote to promote the need for a general power of taxation were meant to reassure the citizens of his time of a responsible government. However, when read today, during a time of high national debt and undisciplined spending, these words tend to leave a sour taste in my mouth.
Two statements in particular sent an aversion through me as we tackle present day events, and rereading Hamilton's words, I wonder if the Founders even envisioned such abuse to our tax system.
Hamilton writes "Thus far the ends of public happiness will be promoted by supplying the wants of government, and all beyond this is unworthy of our care or anxiety. How is it possible that a government half supplied and always necessitous, can fulfill the purposes of its institution, can provide for the security, advance the prosperity, or support the reputation of the commonwealth? How can it ever possess either energy or stability, dignity or credit, confidence at home or respectability abroad? How can its administration be any thing else than a succession of expedients temporizing, impotent, disgraceful? How will it be able to avoid a frequent sacrifice of its engagements to immediate necessity? How can it undertake or execute any liberal or enlarged plans of public good?"
This first statement tends to have been twisted over time to such a degree that today a large number of citizens feel that it is the government's job to ensure their needs are met and their pursuits are guaranteed. Many people today do not even make the connection between their taxes and what the government can spend. I believe it was a mistake to begin the practice of taking owed taxes out of paychecks. Americans should all have to pay their taxes at the end of the year by writing a check to the government. I think that would be a major wake up call.
The second statement is "The power of creating new funds upon new objects of taxation, by its own authority, would enable the national government to borrow as far as its necessities might require."
Again, I find this logic to have grown out of hand and explode our national debt to a point where recent polls show the same number of citizens that worry about our national debt equals that of those who worry about our national security. Whereas Hamilton was concerned about our national security, and the need to have funds to supply a defense against invasion; today Congress has taxed companies and citizens to such a high degree that is has become a national security problem.
@ W.B. Neate – It was alarming to read the statistics earlier this year that the number of those receiving government entitlements was larger than those paying taxes. And to top it off, over the past 1 ½ years the number in government jobs grew at a larger pace than private sector jobs.
There is a great article in the National Review today by Senator DeMint entitled "Constitution of No". It is a great read! I highly recommend it.
I understand what Hamilton is saying, and totally agree that the federal government has need of the right for taxation in order to fund the defense and other things that are for "the benefit of the Union." However, it is everything in that latter category that muddies the waters. "For the benefit of the Union" is totally subjective and takes us into the chaos that we are experiencing now. According to one side, the benefit of the Union is served if the government levies taxes and then spends tax money to feed and house people with low-paying jobs. The other side argues that the good of the Union is served by using that tax money to give credits to companies who can then create jobs for those same people. The elephant in the room is that neither option is the job of the government and has nothing to do with the benefit of the Union as a whole. It only directly benefits certain members of the Union with the hope that it will somehow benefit all. In other words, the tax money is neither needed nor used correctly.
I had to laugh at Hamilton's rhetorical question: "But who would lend to a government that prefaced its overtures for borrowing, by an act which demonstrated that no reliance could be placed on the steadiness of its measures for paying?" Can we say, "CHINA!!?" We have demonstrated all of the above and still the money comes flowing in as we spend, spend, spend.
Finally, Hamilton states: "But two considerations will serve to quiet all apprehension on this head; one is that we are sure the resources of the community in their full extent, will be brought into activity for the benefit of the Union (addressed above); the other is, that whatever deficiencies there may be, can without difficulty be supplied by loans." The ease of borrowing ALWAYS gets individuals, corporations and countries in trouble. If borrowing is difficult, spending is kept down. To me, Hamilton's argument lacks the establishment of any kind of boundaries on either taxation or procurement of loans. If there is no boundary on the latter, then there can be no boundary on the former.
It is rather ironic that this man, so supportive of a strong federal government that could borrow money whenever deemed necessary, had to resign from his position as Secretary of the Treasury because of financial problems of his own. According to World Book, it is because of his views that totally clashed with those of Jefferson and Madison, that the definition of two separate political parties formed and Hamilton led the Federalist Party that favored big government. He was the original liberal progressive!!
Barb Zakszewski says:
It is very obvious from this next section of the Federalist, dealing with taxation, how much Hamilton supported a very strong Federal government and how much he distrusts the States. He seems to dismiss the arguments from the "anti-federalists" that the Federal government, with almost unrestrained powers of taxation, could become abusive of its citizens…Fast forward 230 years, huh? Still, I do believe he had the best interests of the country at heart, and could not possibly foresee what would happen today…with the confiscatory nature of taxes both at the Federal, state and local levels. I'm not sure if he just did not want to believe that something like that could happen, of if he was just too naive in this particular matter. There was a post from earlier today where the person asked, how is the Federal government going to be restrained from taking too much from its citizens…I did not see an answer in the Federalist up to this point, and I believe we have already crossed that point, witness the TEA parties of today.
Federalist No. 30 – Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet « Janice Brenman says:
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Ray Decker says:
Until we repeal the 16th and 17th amendments and the Federal Reserve Act (which isn't Federal and has no reserves) and abolish the Internal Revenue Service we will never get control back from the Federal leviathon. The income tax is what gives the Federal Government its massive power.
Kimi Lipsitz says:
It would seem to me personally that the majority of the ordinary citizen is not at all worse off in comparison with the genuine American federal government though the fed government can get to execute by some other laws. The governing administration can potentially manage their debt by publishing moolah and their debt deal techniques are helped by simply the number one military on the planet.
@Kimi, yes the ordinary citizen will be harmed by the indiscriminate publishing of moolah! This is what the Weimar Republic did to try and manage Germany's debt from World War I. Part of what brought the National Socialists to power was that ordinary citizens needed a wheelbarrow of 'published moolah' to purchase a loaf of bread and milk.
Kimi….when money is just indiscriminently published it makes the value of said money (and that already in existence) worthless. Monetary value needs to be based on something tangible…ie…gold. If the government floods the market with "new" currency, the money you already have becomes devalued.
Darren Le Montree says:
Nice piece. As expressed in the comments above, it seems well accepted that the federal government needs taxes in order to function. The rub lies in the questions of how much and from whom. The extreme liberals want to drove out innovation and turn the taxation system into a social engineering mechanism (basically the fine job done by Europe). Whereas, the conservatives would prefer to have all social programs disbanded, liquidate social security, eliminate medicare and all welfare and just let the poor people either grind away in angst or die. Neither way works which is why we have the modified system that we do—which swings from left and right of center like a pendulum with each election cycle. That being said, the current system is unsustainable fiscally because of internal and external forces—the aging of our population and the "flattening of the world" which means we are no longer a hegemic force able to continually grow our way out of the problem and the promises made decades ago are no longer feasible. In essence, the realities of the current state of affairs mean that we cannot have a "fair" taxation system under either model. When 1% of the people control 90% of the wealth, having the rich only pay what they would define as their "fair share" (flat tax) is folly. While expecting our slower growing economy to afford continually increasing debt or tax burdens to fund the ballooning social program obligations is equally impractical. With the system going broke as it is things can only get worse from the perspective of both the left and the right and will continue to get worse until there is some genuine problem solving versus the spin game that has overwhelmed politics in the modern era.
Doris Jean says:
Taxing should be extremely limited and should never exceed ten percent. People should get together locally and pay for local parks, schools, police, etc. The politicians pay themselves too much money and their salaries are too high.
Debbie Bridges says:
@Darren "When 1% of the people control 90% of the wealth, having the rich only pay what they would define as their "fair share" (flat tax) is folly.
" Federalist Paper 20 addresses this issue through what can only be called a Fair Tax in today's language. "…by authorizing the national government to raise its own revenues in its own way. Imposts, excises, and in general, all duties upon articles of consumption may be compared to a fluid, which will in time find its level with the means of paying them. The amount to be contributed by each citizen will in a degree be at his own option, and can be regulated by an attention to his frugal: and private oppression may always be avoided by a judicious selection of objects proper for such impositions".
As to your other assertion; "Whereas, the conservatives would prefer to have all social programs disbanded, liquidate social security, eliminate medicare and all welfare and just let the poor people either grind away in angst or die. "
I know of no conservatives who want the poor to "grind away in angst or die". What I am my fellow conservatives would like is for the poor (and I was formally of their ranks, although I am hardly rich now) to as said by Benjamin Franklin, learn to fish as opposed to being given the fish time and time again. That is the biggest issue we have is that our government has made our citizens dependent on the government through entitlements. If someone is in need of assistance it should come from family, friends, church, and their local community. Government should be the absolute last resort used and only in times of true emergency.
Seth Richardson says:
Darren writes: "Whereas, the conservatives would prefer to have all social programs disbanded, liquidate social security, eliminate medicare and all welfare and just let the poor people either grind away in angst or die."
This is simply patent nonsense, and it's a Progressive calumny without foundation. A conservative desire not to create or facilitate a welfare state cannot be seen to imply that conservatives, or Libertarians, want people to die in the streets from starvation and disease.
What Conservatives and Libertarians alike value is self-reliance and methods of public support of those truly in need that does not debilitate them and keep them in economic slavery, which is what the welfare state does.
Moreover, I have no objection to requiring people to save for their retirement, but the giant Ponzi scheme of Social Security today, where the current working generation is burdened with supporting all the retirees still living is simple insanity. Conservatives want Social Security REFORM, and my vision of it is to put one's contribution into a PRIVATE savings account that the federal government has NO ACCESS to, rather than giving it to the government to skim and waste.
As for "1% controlling 90%" this is also nonsense. It's what I call the Socialist Zero Sum Fallacy. This fallacy is based on the logical and rational error that Socialists make in assuming that in order for one person to acquire wealth, another person, or persons, must be oppressed and must give up wealth. It's based on a deliberate misunderstanding of economics holding that there is a fixed supply of "wealth" and pouring it from one bucket into another advantages one person while depriving others.
But it's a lie, and a deliberate one at that. It's all part of the propaganda of Progressivism.
Any competent economist can tell you that the wealthiest people in the U.S. don't keep their money under their mattresses, it's constantly circulating and creating even more wealth for everyone, and for the nation. Wealth generates more wealth in nearly unlimited supply.
It must also be noted that the wealthiest 1/10 of 1 percent of taxpayers pay more than 40 percent of the government's income tax revenues, so to say they don't pay enough is preposterous.
I'm with Seth on this. If it was an across the board 10% not only would everybody (to quote our President) "have skin in the game" but also the so-called "evil rich" would still be paying a lions share of the revenue to the government. Just for arguments purpose say I earn $100 dollars a week and Darren earns $100,000 a week. I pay $10 and Darren pays $10,000 so the take is $10,010 government we each have a 10% stake in the game but Darren has provided over 99% of the revenue.
As to the Social Services currently provided by big nanny Fed, one of the biggest complaints is that it is a one-size fits all program. I believe that it is more properly handled at the State and preferably the local level where people are more inclined and conversant to local immediate conditions.
I believe I recall a guest on Beck who was explaining the Laffer Curve, sorry I can't recall his name, saying that a flat tax of about 14 percent on every transaction would replace all other necessary government revenues. Not positive about this however. Perhaps there's an economic expert out there who can comment.
And you are absolutely correct that all social services should be dealt with at the state level, and that there is absolutely no need for the federal government to be involved except in the rare case where a particular state cannot meet it's social services needs.
But to have every bit of tax revenue sent to Washington, have 20 percent or more skimmed off the top to do nothing more than pay for federal bureaucrats who turn around and send it BACK to the very states they took it from in the first place is pure economic idiocy.
It sometimes seems as if no one recognizes the fact that the vast majority of our tax money sent to Washington is not sent there to fund the legitimate functions of the federal government, it's sent there to fund the political redistribution of that very same wealth back to the states, who have become dependent upon that federal largess to pay for all the unfunded mandates that the federal government imposes upon them using the carrot-and-stick method.
If the states would simply say "no thanks" to the federal handouts, as Colorado Springs did recently, not only would the federal government lose legitimacy for it's bureaucratic burdens, but the states would be freed from federal intervention. Much of the interference we suffer under from the Feds is caused by our own state legislatures knuckling under to conditional grants from the Feds. The biggest carrot they have is the federal highway system, which they use to coerce states into, for example, setting DUI standards and mandating seat belts.
It's all about politics, of course, because even state politicians have to bring home the federal pork, or so they believe, to get elected. They think (and probably correctly) that if they don't do what the feds want and take the federal grants (extracted from us in the first place), state voters will be mad because some other state got a grant and they didn't.
Which makes it our fault for not ourselves demanding austerity and flight from the federal teat by our state legislatures. Weaning ourselves away from federal largess is the beginning of restoring our liberty from oppressive federal taxation.
Seth, right again.
March 6, 2011 /0 Comments/by Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie
http://constitutingamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/logo_web_white_280x62.png 0 0 Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie http://constitutingamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/logo_web_white_280x62.png Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie2011-03-06 22:03:172020-06-29 12:38:47Federalist No. 30 – Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet
Federalist No. 36 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet (Hamilton)
Federalist Paper 36, Federalist Paper Forum 2010 Essay Project, Federalist Paper Forum 2010 Essays by Guest Constitutional Scholars, Janice R. Brenman 1. The Federalist Papers, 12. Guest Constitutional Scholar Essayists, Federalist No. 36, Janice R. Brenman
Guest Essayist: Attorney Janice R. Brenman
Federalist 36: A Final Word on Taxes
The Federalist Papers contains seven entries specifically addressing how our fledgling nation was to handle the delicate and potentially volatile issue of taxation. Having touched upon Essay #30 dealing with taxation previously, let's bookend the topic with a brief synopsis of #36 it is focusing specifically with the central government's power of taxation: "The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation."
The challenge of taxing a wide number of people fairly lies in the ability to ascertain who and how much to tax. Hamilton stressed the need for a non-oppressive tax code; one which reflects the interests of diverse individuals, ranging from merchants to carpenters to blacksmiths to lawyers. It was his hope that each individual would see the need to contribute a portion of their resources to insure continued economic growth, keeping safe a nation poised to give them the privilege of practicing trades as they saw fit and that they would be therefore more willing to comply with the taxing authority.
As Hamilton has observed, a government can be potentially be too efficient when it comes to preserving the power it has by attempting to take more power. A heavy handed taxing authority would be an example of this. Therefore, it would be preferred to collect monies from a wide swath of workers, while simultaneously shielding the "least wealthy part of the community from oppression." As the nation was deemed to be a representative republic, congressional representatives selected locally should represent each district to the national government. Ideally areas with more residents would contribute a bigger share of taxes than those which were more rural.
Hamilton vehemently opposed poll taxes whereby a "head tax" was equally levied on every adult in the community. Though poll taxes can raise large sums of money, Hamilton criticized them as unfair burdens and would "lament to see them introduced into practice under the national government." Poll taxes survived in the Deep South many years until deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court when they were used to limit the franchise.
The taxation issue and related debates have been around for a while. Disputes involving taxation upon the populace have existed between democratic governments as well as despotic ones. It is Hamilton's view that a central taxing authority was necessary for economic growth of the Nation as a whole and for the new government to be able to effectively carry out its duties.
For a country that has gone through so many economic cycles, through boom and bust, one can only wonder how Hamilton would have kept our budgets balanced today, since our government has taken on so many more responsibilities and duties than he ever would have imagined. The size and scope of government today not only contributes to the present recession, it approaches a near crisis level of debt. Maybe it seems simplistic, but limited government focusing on specific tasks specially authorized in the Constitution would put our nation in a much stronger financial position and ensure individual liberty for all American.
Ms. Janice R. Brenman is a former prosecutor now in private practice in Los Angeles. She has commented in major legal publications on the subject of legal reform and celebrity influence on the legal system. She has also appeared in medical malpractice, products liability and complex civil litigation, and is well versed in all forms of discovery. From 1999 to 2000, Ms. Brenman was a City Prosecutor and Community Preservationist. She clerked for the Honorable Rupert J. Groh, Jr., of the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Ms. Brenman also worked researching, writing and editing under a Nobel Prize winning laureate.
http://constitutingamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/logo_web_white_280x62.png 0 0 Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie http://constitutingamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/logo_web_white_280x62.png Janine Turner and Cathy Gillespie2011-03-06 21:54:282020-06-17 15:05:03Federalist No. 36 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation, From the New York Packet (Hamilton)


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Azara's night monkey
Azara's night monkey[1]
Azara's night monkey (A. a. infulatus) at Cristalino Jungle Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Aotidae
Genus: Aotus
A. azarae
Aotus azarae
(Humboldt, 1811)
Azara's night monkey range
Azara's night monkey (Aotus azarae), also known as the southern night monkey, is a night monkey species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Paraguay.[2] The species is monogamous, with the males providing a large amount of parental care. It is named after Spanish naturalist Félix de Azara. Although primarily nocturnal, some populations of Azara's night monkey are unique among night monkeys in being active both day and night.[2] The species is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.[2]
1 Taxonomy
2 Physical characteristics
3 Behavior and ecology
4 Habitat and distribution
5 Conservation
Taxonomy[edit]
There are three subspecies of Azara's night monkey.[1]
Aotus azarae azarae
Bolivian night monkey, Aotus azarae boliviensis
Feline night monkey, Aotus azarae infulatus
Physical characteristics[edit]
Nyctipithecus azarae.
Due to a lack of data body size and weight measurements of Azara's night monkey have been estimated from a small number of wild samples. The average head and body length of the female is 341 mm (13.4 in) while the male is 346 mm (13.6 in).[citation needed] The average weight is 1,254 g (2.765 lb) for male A. a. azarae, 1,246 g (2.747 lb) for female A. a. azarae, 1,180 g (2.60 lb) for male A. a. boliviensis, and 1,230 g (2.71 lb) for female A. a. boliviensis.[3] Its gestation period is about 133 days. The lifespan for Azara's night monkey is unknown, but the captive life span for members of the genus Aotus is believed to be 20 years.[3]
Behavior and ecology[edit]
Azara's night monkey is a monogamous species, with the male remaining present to raise the offspring and provide food. The offspring will only stay with its family until two to three years of age and then will disperse to begin a family of its own. There is very little sexual dimorphism in this species.[3]
Azara's night monkey is primarily a frugivore, but also will eat things such as leaves, flowers, and insects. One of the main advantages of being a nocturnal animal is that there is greatly reduced competition from diurnal animals.[3]
Azara's night monkey spends its life in trees and becomes more active when the moon is brighter, tending to keep to its well-known paths. However, uniquely among night monkeys, populations of Azara's night monkey from the Gran Chaco are active both day and night.[2] Azara's night monkey can be found sleeping in groups of between 2 and 5 others in trees. The average group size is about 3 monkeys, consisting of an adult pair and their offspring. It leaps from tree to tree but also moves quadrupedally throughout the forest.[3]
Habitat and distribution[edit]
Azara's night monkey is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, central Brazil, Paraguay and far southeastern Peru.[2] Its range includes the southern Amazon, ranging into more open habitats such as the Gran Chaco. Aotus a. azarae is found in gallery forest and semi-deciduous forest, A. a. infulatus is found in humid lowland forest and gallery forest, and A. a. infulatus is found in various forest types. The last has been recorded as high as 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in the Andean foothills.[2]
Conservation[edit]
Azara's night monkey is widespread and believed to be overall fairly common. It is present in several reserves. The species is not considered threatened, but is declining locally due to habitat loss.[2]
^ a b Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ a b c d e f g h Fernandez-Duque, E.; Wallace, R.B. & Rylands, A.B. (2008). "Aotus azarae". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2008: e.T41539A10494975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41539A10494975.en. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
^ a b c d e Cawthon Lang, K.A. (2005-07-18). "Primate Factsheets: Owl monkey (Aotus) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology". Primate Info Net. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
Aotus azarae information at ThePrimata.
Aotus: The Owl Monkey's Natural History at MD Anderson.
Extant species of family Aotidae
Suborder: Haplorrhini
(Night monkeys)
Gray-neck group:
Gray-bellied night monkey (A. lemurinus)
Gray-handed night monkey (A. griseimembra)
Brumback's night monkey (A. brumbacki)
Panamanian night monkey (A. zonalis)
Three-striped night monkey (A. trivirgatus)
Spix's night monkey (A. vociferans)
Hernández-Camacho's night monkey (A. jorgehernandezi)
Red-neck group:
Peruvian night monkey (A. miconax)
Nancy Ma's night monkey (A. nancymaae)
Azara's night monkey (A. azarae)
Black-headed night monkey (A. nigriceps)
Wikidata: Q1365852
Wikispecies: Aotus azarae
ADW: Aotus_azarae
uBio: 6181335
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azara%27s_night_monkey&oldid=825968063"
IUCN Red List least concern species
Night monkeys
Mammals of Brazil
Mammals of Bolivia
Mammals of Argentina
Mammals of Peru
Mammals of Paraguay
This page was last edited on 16 February 2018, at 12:50 (UTC).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We're happy you're here and we can't wait to help you get started with your new Occasion account.
You want to get started right away? We get it. That's why we developed a series of brief video tutorials to help you set-up your account and begin creating your events today.
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Create your first service template and customize it to get it ready to use as a starting point for your first class.
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Animation World Animation World Human Resources - The Big Mouth spin-off series is coming
The world of Human Resources that has been seen in some episodes of the Big Mouth series but in particular in the fifth season released in November 2021. In these episodes we met some new characters who run the office that assigns monsters and various creatures to the boys/girls, that sort of conscience that guides (or at least should) the young human towards maturity.
Figures each strong in a feeling such as love, logic, excitement, nastiness and much more.
Created by Nick Kroll, Andrew Goldberg, Mark Levin and Jennifer Flackett, the series is presented with the words "Meet the professional team of creatures who make humans ... human".
Waiting on the well-known streaming platform from March 18, here is the first trailer:
[ Fra - source Netflix ]
The anime Child of Kamiari Month in February on Netflix
The anime Kamiari no Kodomo, international title Child of Kamiari Month, will land on the well-known streaming platform in a few months.
Bubble is the new original anime produced by Studio Wit
The new anime film that Studio Wit is finishing is titled Bubble and we will see it in 2022 on Netflix. Below the first trailer.
Trailer for the special feature film Hilda and the Mountain King
Next month Netflix will release the first film from Hilda franchise, a feature film with a special story that comes after the two seasons of the series of the same name.
First images of the dark comedy anthology The House
Out next year on Netflix, The House is an interesting stop-motion animation project of which we show you the first images below.
The latest mission of the young drivers of Fast & Furious
The animated spin-off series of the hit film franchise, Fast & Furious Spy Racers, features the latest season coming next month.
Two adorable little animals protagonists of Extinct!
Two of the veteran directors of The Simpsons return to directing with an adventure comedy entitled Extinct. Below info and trailer.


Please contact the Events team for all ticket enquiries.
Will I be sent physical tickets?
The person who has booked your tickets will receive an email confirmation on 20 February 2019 containing all the information about the night, which is to be forwarded to all delegates attending. You do not need to bring a printed copy on the night.
For VIP tables, a commemorative VIP ticket for each person at your table (10) will be sent via courier to the person who booked the table. These will need to be brought on the night to gain access to the VIP areas and your table.
How much are tickets to the Awards Night?
If you need to reassign your registration or cancel, please email the Events team no later than 5pm Friday 22 February . Regrettably, there can be NO refunds for cancellations received after this time or 'no shows' to the event.


Body Composition testing is measured on an InBody machine which tests your body fat percentage, weight and skeletal muscle mass. Campers step on the platform, place their hands on two specified sensors and have their results in less than a minute! You are provided with a print out so you can compare your test in and test out results easily. CG FIT participants with pacemakers will not be allowed to complete Body Composition testing and women who are pregnant are not recommended to participate.
Where do I get access to the registered dietitian?


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Aslan Bzhania: I very much hope that there will be an end to dividing people in Abkhazia into 'us' and 'them'
Abkhaz presidential candidate Aslan Bzhania has expressed his gratitude to those who voted for him. In the pre-term presidential ballot that took place on 24 August 2014, 35,869 voters (35.9 percent) voted for Bzhania.
"I would like to thank all those who supported me in the 24 August election; they were my friends, my colleagues, and, most important, my voters. I am convinced that your choice was dictated by the desire to achieve the prosperity of the Republic of Abkhazia. I want to say that all my future actions will be directed at attaining that objective. I very much hope that that the times and approaches will end in our Abkhazia when people were divided into 'us' and 'them.' Among those who voted for me were very many young and talented people with potential, and I hope that their political convictions and political choice will not become an obstacle to them realizing their potential here in Abkhazia," Aslan Bzhania said at a press conference on Thursday 28 August.
Responding to a question about his continuing political activity, Aslan Bzhania answered: "At present I am on leave, and I consider it premature to talk about my political activity," he said. "I do not intend to leave Abkhazia. I live in Abkhazia and I shall continue to live here, I intend to work in Abkhazia for the good of our homeland. In what capacity – that is a different question."
To the question whether he is considering heading the opposition, Aslan Bzhania similarly said it is too early to make such statements. "I am an official, and currently on leave. There is a corporate culture in accordance with which I cannot make such statements, and do not have the right to do so. Let's wait and see," he said.
"In a democratic country, of course there should be an opposition, and that opposition should be constructive. And I think that very soon people, forces will appear that will act within those particular parameters. It is essential that we create conditions in which politicians will spend more time in their offices, we need dialogue, all the candidates talked about this. We need to defuse certain tensions that exist within society, and in that sense we should become an example for many states. We should learn to talk to each other. To talk to each other and listen to each other. This is what I talked about during my election campaign and what I shall try to put into effect today, regardless of what capacity I shall be acting in," Aslan Bzhania noted.
He said he has congratulated the elected president of Abkhazia. "It was no problem for me to congratulate the elected president. We had a brief but positive conversation. I consider that approach the correct one: we have elected a president and we should treat him with respect. This was the choice of our people, and it should be a determining factor for all of us," he said. "Even if the victory was by a single vote, we should respect the choice of that individual voter and recognize the election."
Assessing the election campaign, he noted that it was held in difficult conditions. "Political passions became extremely heated at times, but between us all we managed to find a way out of this complex situation. The election took place and its outcome is recognized," said Aslan Bzhania. "I think we did not allow ourselves to go beyond the limits of the existing laws. I and my colleagues tried to behave with the utmost restraint, and for that reason we have no such serious objections to the way the election was held. I would like to take the opportunity to express my gratitude to the Central Election Commission and to its chairman personally. You will recall that diverging opinions of the work of the Central Election Commission were expressed in the course of the election campaign. The election results show that the CEC has demonstrated its viability and functioned in strict accordance with the law."
As for the violations that occurred during the election campaign, in Aslan Bzhania's words the relevant officials of the Prosecutor General's office should look into them.
© 2009 - 2020 Abkhaz World. All rights reserved.


Posted: 20th November 2005 .
Ann Clwyd, the Special Envoy to the Prime Minister on Human Rights in Iraq defends herself in the Independent on the issue of human rights abuses in Iraq.
Posted: 19th November 2005 .
Posted: 18th November 2005 .
The Next Century Foundation provided the only international observers operating at large in the interior of Iraq and accredited as election monitors to the Independent Electoral Commission for Iraq during the recent referendum on the new iraqi constitution. Their warts and all report concludes that Overall, we regard this referendum as having been fair — despite minor local irregularities. Though these were regrettable, they had no significant effect on the final outcome.
Posted: 17th November 2005 .
Posted: 3rd November 2005 .
Abdullah Muhsin and Gary Kent review a history of the Stop the War movement at Democratiya and conclude that This book should include a health warning. It embraces authoritarian language with little space for dialogue or even fair debate. It is glossy, visually busy and bitty in the modern style, with coffee table production values, attractive photographs, and appalling politics. One day a decent history of the Stop the War Coalition will be written. This isn't it.
Posted: 1st November 2005 .


text:
NovoDisc O.D. Group é uma empresa espanhola de selo de gravação fundada em 1989 como Servicios Ibéricos Entertainment S.A., no início tinha uma parceria com a PolyGram. Especializada na produção de CDs para os segmentos fonográfico, editorial, educativo, de informática e para ações promocionais, também fabrica DVDs. Em 2004, lançou no Brasil o primeiro CD-R 100% brasileiro, o Migra®.

Ver também

 Universal Music Group
 Warner
 Virgin Records
 Velas

Ligações externas
 Página oficial

Gravadoras da Espanha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The world's largest humanitarian network is currently experimenting with drone use across many nations and sectors, including a partnership with Land Rover to produce a roof-mounted drone that can take off and land even though the car is moving, a concept being tested in Austria. In case you adored this post and you desire to get guidance with regards to click To investigate i implore you to pay a visit to our own site. A partnership with aerospace firm Airbus , meanwhile, is seeking at medium-range, light-payload cargo drones to deliver medication and vaccines. Picture a initial-particular person-view video game where you happen click to investigate be racing by means of the air and dodging obstacles. Losing even 1-tenth of a second can price you the race. Now envision that it really is not a video game. This is the sum-total knowledge of initial-person-view (FPV) drone racing. Drone racers see all the action from their drone's viewpoint as they weave by way of the air at upwards of 70 miles per hour. And it happens in locations that were previously physically not possible to navigate.Drones are pricey and fragile so we steer clear of checking in our drones unless the airline guidelines require it: Emirates, for instance, demand drones to be transported in check in luggage. The lithium polymer batteries are a genuine fire danger so be positive you stick to the airline rules regarding their transportation as there are normally restrictions on the number of batteries and exactly where they must be stored in your luggage. We use a fireproof charging bag for additional security, like this a single for the DJi Mavic Pro.Fly inside FAA restrictions. 400 feet above ground level, and often keep the aircraft in sight. Don't fly over crowds. Always keep in mind that your aircraft is potentially hazardous, from injuries fom those flying knife-blades called props, to the weight of it falling from the sky.With so numerous acquire choices, it is important to know (or at least have an notion) of what you want to use your drone for. Are you interested in aerial photography or do you just want to stunt by way of the park? Speaking of click to investigate the park, are you arranging on flying your new drone indoors or outside? What is a lot more critical to you, an aircraft with a built-in camera gimbal or the capacity to execute pre-programmed barrel rolls? These are the kinds of inquiries you should ask yourself prior to producing your 1st drone purchase. You don't necessarily need to have to have your get in touch with-sign already picked out, but obtaining a general sense of what you'd like to do with your new UAV will assist you narrow the field into choices that are proper for you.If it really is windy and you have to shoot, then stick to flying below the tree line. Pull the proper stick backwards and fly backwards a couple feet. Then, hover in location for a couple of seconds, and push the appropriate stick to the left and return the quadcopter to its original position.Over the past year, drones have turn into increasingly common and accessible. As for the hardware itself, you ought to invest in a modest, affordable, FPV prepared-to-fly multirotor. Not all FPV models are meant to be raced, so do some research to locate a model suited for racing. Drone Proz has a lot of fantastic FPV racing alternatives, such as small quadcopter models. But regardless of what you purchase, your very first drone shouldn't expense much more than $150, whether you're purchasing a prepared-to-fly model or a DIY kit.The commercialization of multirotors created them accessible for a wide assortment of customers. So, if you are a newbie, we would advise you to attempt it very first with cheaper models beneath 200$ drone , and find out how to fly a toy-grade drone. Moreover, if you know an individual who currently owns a quadcopter, you could invest some time watching him or her and see how the entire thing functions. They might even let you try it for your self. This is an excellent way click to investigate see if you happen to be truly interested in this kind of activity.The ground station (e.g. DJI's Go app) provides detailed details about your battery voltage and temperature. Monitor these values ahead of and for the duration of flying, especially in cold situations. Hold a log of the offered charge just before flying and once landed, record these values along with your flying time.DJI recommends deep-discharging (cycling) your intelligent flight battery after every single 20 re-charges, to maximize battery life. You can view how a lot of cycles a battery has gone through in the DJI GO App. 3. Learn the controls. Mastering the controls is the crucial to early achievement with drone piloting.Camera settings will also play a massive function in how cinematic your shots seem. Make positive you film in the flattest camera profile achievable, which need to give you the most dynamic variety from your aerial camera. Filming this way aids to prevent the sky and clouds from blowing out, whilst also retaining detail in the darkest points of the ground. When you get your drone, commit time finding out its systems by reading the owner's manual. Locate time to practice operating and flying the drone, and prepare by reading any regulations for flying drones in your location (this involves the FAA regulations outlined earlier, as effectively as checking for any state or local regulations that are in location).


If you don't really see the members of your gaming group at any time other than when you get together for gaming, then it's astonishingly easy to lose track of what's happening in their personal lives. So before getting stuck into the game, you could spend a few rounds going around the table and telling people about all the cool things you've done since last time.
Best practice: Make sure everyone gets a turn, be wary for surprise situations, and don't forget to search for secret doors and treasure afterwards.
C-3PO: Hey everyone! Great news! It worked! It worked!
C-3PO: Thanks for your help, Pete!
Luke: The monkeys? Where are they going?
C-3PO: They're looking for suitable zoos now, and will decide within a month.
GM: Wow, congratulations, Sally. That's an impressive outcome.
C-3PO: It'll be in the news tomorrow. Your blog might get a bunch of hits, Annie.
Leia: It already did. I was just telling the others, I got a job offer!
Leia: Doing video production for a start-up studio.
C-3PO: And Ben's got some good news as well!
Chewbacca: I, um... got a cactus.
Published: Tuesday, 21 February, 2017; 02:11:02 PST.


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Cobra Carbide is located in Riverside, California. We pride ourselves as solid carbide tool manufacturers, specializing in production of Solid Carbide round tools (Endmills, Drills, Reamers, Burrs and Inserts) and we have recently celebrated our 28th year in business.


Thai spring rolls are one of our favorite appetizers. So crisp, fresh, and tasty! This gluten-free recipe looks fancy, but is actually quite simple to make. This peanut dipping sauce is amazing: made with simple wholesome ingredients and no MSG! These rolls keep well in the fridge for a few days making them great for a healthy snack or brown bag lunch.


text:
Gucci Mane x The Weeknd – Curve (Audio)
Pre-order Mr. Davis now: https://Atlantic.lnk.to/MrDavis
MusicSeptember 13, 2017
The Weeknd – Reminder Remix Ft. ASAP Rocky & Young Thug (Audio)
The official remix for Reminder by The Weeknd featuring ASAP Rocky and Young Thug.
MusicAugust 2, 2017
The Weeknd – Secrets (Music Video)
The Weeknd releases a new video called "Secrets" off the album STARBOY.
The Weeknd Surprises Toronto Crowd With Drake
The Weeknd's Starboy: Legend of the Fall 2017 World Tour stopped in Toronto tonight. Was there any doubt that he wasn't going to bring out Drake? OVOX...
Features, VideosMay 27, 2017
The Weeknd – I Feel It Coming (Music Video)
The Weeknd drops a new video for "I Feel It Coming" featuring Daft Punk. This track is off his newest album Starboy which is available everywhere onli...
VideosMarch 10, 2017
NAV – Some Way Ft. The Weeknd (Music Video)
NAV releases a new video for his first major single called "Some Way" featuring The Weeknd. This track is off his debut project "NAV" which is availab...
VideosMarch 4, 2017
Belly Discusses Being Racially Profiled, Working On Music With The Weeknd & More
Features, VideosMarch 2, 2017
The Weeknd – Reminder (Music Video)
The Weeknd releases a new single off his recent album Starboy called Reminder. This video debunks any rumors of any tension between Drake and The Week...
NAV – Some Way Ft. The Weeknd (Audio)
NAV releases his biggest collaboration track to date. Check out his new single "Some Way" featuring his associate The Weeknd. It's safe to say that th...
The Weeknd Performs "Starboy/I Feel It Coming" (Live From The 59th Annual Grammy Awards/2017)
Starboy/I Feel It Coming ft. Daft Punk Medley (Live From The 59th Annual Grammy Awards/2017) Song available on the album STARBOY: https://TheWeeknd....
Features, VideosFebruary 13, 2017
Justin Bieber Fires Shots at The Weeknd Calling His Music "Wack"
Friday night, TMZ asked Justin Bieber if he would listen to The Weeknd's music and the pop star simply replied, "That Sh*t's Wack."
FeaturesJanuary 21, 2017
The Weeknd – Party Monster (Music Video)
The Weeknd releases a new music video over "Party Monster" off his album Starboy. This is one of my favorite tracks off the album that I've been liste...
VideosJanuary 12, 2017


Latest statistics for recepty.sk website: estimated summary traffic is 11.5 Thousand sessions per month (383 sessions per day, or 4.2 Million sessions per year). The site links to network IP address 91.235.52.40. As of April 01, 2019, Alexa rank is N/A.


It includes separate version for 32-bit as well as 64-bit systems and works on all platforms starting from Windows XP to Windows 8.
Hidden CMD Detector is very easy to use tool. It is command-line/console based tool, hence you have to launch it from the command prompt (cmd.exe).
-x     Output the results in XML format.
Note that it includes both 32-bit and 64-bit version (HiddenCmdDetector64.exe). On 64-bit operating systems, you have to run the 64-bit version.
Currently this tool cannot detect the Command prompts/shells hidden by Rootkits.
Displays 32-bit Process on 64-bit system as *32 for easier identification. Detect and alert user on accidental running of 32-bit version on 64-bit system.
First public release of Hidden CMD Detector.


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Alas, poor Bunny
August 7, 2007 By urbanora in Performers, Poetry	1 Comment
A few years ago, I was sent a catalogue by the photographic agency, Corbis. Among its many images denoting emotions, there was one of a portly, middle-aged man with bright beaming face, categorised under something like 'surprise' or 'happiness'. The person had no further identification. The photograph was of John Bunny, once arguably the most popular and recognised person worldwide, now reduced to complete anonymity.
I can't find the photograph now on the Corbis web site (which does have one picture of Bunny identified as him). So maybe someone discovered the injustice. I hope so. For John Bunny really was the most popular of silent stars in his day, and the way in which his popularity has so dramatically faded ought to be a lesson to anyone whose head gets turned by the notion of celebrity.
John Bunny (1863?-1915) was the son of a British naval officer who settled in New York, where his son ran away from home to join a minstrel show and then became a stage actor and director. In 1910 he turned to the movies, joining the Vitagraph Company, and almost instantly became a star. He portrayed a rotund, merry, earthy figure, whose genial manner and aptitude for comic characterisation, sometimes touched with pathos, endeared him to millions. He appeared in over 200 shorts between 1910-1914, with such titles as Bunny Buys a Harem, And His Wife Came Back and Bunny's Honeymoon. He was often teamed with the comically angular Flora Finch. He made some films in Britain in 1913, including Pickwick Papers (he was a natural Mr Pickwick), scenes from which were filmed just around the corner from where I am typing this now. His death in 1915 made headlines around the world.
Why mention Bunny now? Simply because of yesterday's post with the Vachel Lindsay poems, for there is one last poem by Lindsay on the film stars of the early cinema period which I haven't given you as yet. It's the second part of a two-part sequence, the first of which commememorates the actor Edwin Booth, renowned for his performance as Hamlet. For the second part, Lindsay laments the death of John Bunny as if he were Yorick, Hamlet's fool:
John Bunny, Motion Picture Comedian
In which he is remembered in similitude, by reference to Yorick, the king's jester, who died when Hamlet and Ophelia were children
Yorick is dead. Boy Hamlet walks forlorn
Beneath the battlements of Elsinore.
Where are those oddities and capers now
That used to "set the table on a roar"?
And do his bauble-bells beyond the clouds
Ring out, and shake with mirth the planets bright?
No doubt he brings the blessed dead good cheer,
But silence broods on Elsinore tonight.
That little elf, Ophelia, eight years old,
Upon her battered doll's staunch bosom weeps.
("O best of men, that wove glad fairy-tales.")
With tear-burned face, at last the darling sleeps.
Hamlet himself could not give cheer or help,
Though firm and brave, with his boy-face controlled.
For every game they started out to play
Yorick invented, in the days of old.
The times are out of joint! O cursed spite!
The noble jester Yorick comes no more.
And Hamlet hides his tears in boyish pride
By some lone turret-stair of Elsinore.
Bunny died of liver failure on 26 April 1915. Today, only a handful of his films survive: A Cure for Pokeritis, Bunny at the Derby, The Pickwick Papers, Bunny all at Sea, Her Crowning Glory, The Wooing of Winifred, and a few more. In truth, his real comic appeal died with him, and it is worth seeing Bunny at Sea for its scenes taken on board a ship where real life passengers laugh delightedly at Bunny's antics, giving us some indications of the roots of his popular appeal.
Vachel Lindsay wrote evocatively of the first Bunny picture that he saw:
It is a story of high life below stairs. The hero is the butler at a governor's reception. John Bunny's work as this man is a delightful piece of acting. The servants are growing tipsier downstairs, but the more afraid of the chief functionary every time he appears, frozen into sobriety by his glance. At the last moment this god of the basement catches them at their worst and gives them a condescending but forgiving smile. The lid comes off completely. He himself has been imbibing. His surviving dignity in waiting on the governor's guests is worthy of Goldsmith and Sheridan. The film should be reissued in time as a Bunny memoiral.
Whichever title it might be, it's a lost film now…


U of T Engineering faculty, staff, alumni, and students receive recognition for their research, teaching, leadership, and dedication to the Engineering profession in the form of a record number of awards and grants. In the past few years, the number of major awards received is unparalleled in the Faculty's recent history. Our achievements have increased the Faculty's visibility among Canada's top Engineering organizations, such as the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering and Professional Engineers Ontario, as well as international organizations such as the National Academy of Engineering in the U.S.
This section is dedicated to celebrating the many individuals who have been recognized for outstanding achievements through a variety of external and internal award programs.
Read the latest awards and honours stories at news.engineering.utoronto.ca.
If we have missed an award, please email Carolyn Farrell.


text:
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

class TDUtils():
    def __init__(self, dir):
        self.screenshot_count = 1
        self.screenshot_dir = dir
        self.driver = None

    """
    Take screenshot and store files to defined location, with numbering prefix

    :Args:
    - name - files are stored as #_name
    """
    def screenshot(self, name):
        screenshot_name = str(self.screenshot_count) + "_" + name + ".png"
        self.log ("Taking screenshot: " + screenshot_name)
        # on Android, switching context to NATIVE_APP for screenshot
        # taking to get screenshots also stored to Testdroid Cloud
        # device run view. After screenshot switching back to
        # WEBVIEW. Works ok for Safari too.
        self.driver.switch_to.context("NATIVE_APP")
        self.driver.save_screenshot(self.screenshot_dir + "/" + screenshot_name)
        self.driver.switch_to.context("WEBVIEW")
        self.screenshot_count += 1

    """
    Search for specified xpath for defined period

    :Args:

    - xpath - the xpath to search for

    - timeout - duration in seconds to search for given xpath

    - step - how often to search run the search

    :Usage:
    self.wait_until_xpath_matches("//div[@id='example']", 15, 2)"
    """
    def wait_until_xpath_matches(self, xpath, timeout=10, step=1):
        end_time = time.time() + timeout
        found = False
        while (time.time() < end_time and not found):
            self.log("  Looking for xpath {}".format(xpath))
            try:
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
                found = True
            except NoSuchElementException:
                found = False
            time.sleep(step)
        if not found:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Element wiht xpath: '{}' not found in {}s".format(xpath, timeout))
        return elem

    def update_driver(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def log(self, msg):
        print (time.strftime("%H:%M:%S") + ": " + msg)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The median home value in Weston, MA is $1,245,000. This is higher than the county median home value of $454,300. The national median home value is $185,800. The average price of homes sold in Weston, MA is $1,245,000. Approximately 83.16% of Weston homes are owned, compared to 12.96% rented, while 3.88% are vacant. Weston real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale. Commercial properties are also available. If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Weston real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
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This classic Royal Barry Wills design, situated in an ideal south side neighborhood, is perched on an elevated site and enjoys privacy in all directions. The façade of whitewashed brick and the cedar shake roof bespeak the Country Cape Cod style. Enlarged some 12 years ago by noted architect Ann Beha, the residence now offers over 7,000 square feet of living space with great ceiling heights. The house offers four bedrooms and five full baths. The expansive first-floor master suite includes a large sitting room/office with gas-log fireplace, his and hers baths and walk-in closets and a large bedroom with cathedral ceiling and French doors to the patio and grounds. The country kitchen features basaltina stone countertops, top-of-the-line appliances and access to a large patio with southern exposure. The adjacent family room has a wood-burning fireplace. Mechanicals are first-rate and have been meticulously maintained and offer highly sophisticated smart house technology.
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This exceptional contemporary home has been beautifully renovated and expanded offering an open concept floor plan and modern finishes throughout. Conveniently located in a desirable Southside neighborhood, this home features spacious rooms for entertaining on any scale. The main level includes a beautiful, modern kitchen with center island that opens to a dramatic, sun-filled family room with French doors to a deck with views of the sweeping rear lawn. The spacious dining room with tray ceiling and bright, elegant living room with stone-faced fireplace are designed for gracious living. The first floor includes an expansive master bedroom suite as well as three additional bedrooms and two full baths. The walkout lower level has an oversized recreation room, gym, media room and private guest suite with phenomenal views. The rear yard features a large, well-maintained sports court for all to enjoy.
Sited up a long private drive on a two acre parcel this luxurious architectural jewel inspired by architect Walter Gropius evokes a feeling of Old Hollywood glamour. The home displays a sophisticated appreciation of indoor and outdoor living with walls of glass offering stunning views of the lush gardens, the pool, the decks, the blue stone patio and Koi pond. All the entertaining areas are exquisitely detailed featuring bleached oak floors, custom stainless-steel railings and finishes of the highest quality. The master suite includes a sitting area, custom dressing room, an over-sized luxurious marble bath and private gym. In addition, there are four more exceptional, equally elegant bedroom suites. This 8,000 square foot home awaits the buyer seeking a fabulous oasis for creating memories that will last a lifetime.
Elegant GATED Estate gracefully situated on a serene hilltop with sweeping views overlooking the Weston Golf Club. One of the most exceptional properties in Greater Boston, this private property is comprised of 4 structures all flawlessly constructed and maintained with the finest finishes and attention to detail. The exquisitely terraced grounds include stone walls, mature trees, an orchard, and fountains along with an incredible swimming pool with Pool House Cabana overlooking an award-winning tennis court. The stunning 15,000 sqft Main House was designed by Patrick Ahern and built by Thoughtforms, featuring 6 bedrooms, 7 full and 3 half bathrooms. The Carriage House has 1 complete apartment with the potential for a 2nd above 8 car bays. Lastly, the Caretakers Cottage with separate private access can be used for an office, apartment or yoga studio.
Chic home located on the desirable South Side of Weston offers flexible floor plan perfect for all your entertaining needs. Gorgeous living room opens to spacious sun filled dining room. Stunning kitchen offers oversized island eat-in area and magnificent family room with exterior access to lovely deck overlooking gorgeous grounds with mature plantings. Fireplaced bonus room with gleaming hardwood floors can be used as an office/playroom. Lower level includes fabulous exercise room and additional bonus room. Wonderful opportunity!!
**FINISHED NEW CONSTRUCTION IN PREMIER LOCATION** Settled on a quiet side street in one of Weston's top neighborhoods, this gorgeous custom cape is in perfect proximity to the HS, MS, commuting routes, and more! The attention to detail in this home is spectacular. The large foyer leads straight into an open floor plan.The bright gourmet kitchen features gorgeous custom cabinetry, Thermador appliance package, and opens to a welcoming family room with direct access to the peaceful back deck/patio. The massive master suite is exquisite, with his/her closets, sparkling bathroom with free standing tub, gorgeous tiled shower stall, etc. The second floor sports 3 additional bedrooms, 2 baths, and laundry room. A 5th bedroom and full bath can be found in the walkout basement, along with a sun filled rec room with kitchenette. Step outside to a gorgeous patio and experience plenty of private land with a majestic creak. The 3-car garage is an a exceptional touch to store something special.
Superbly located in Westons golf club neighborhood, this home was completely rebuilt in Year 2000. Recent renovations optimize the dynamic floor plan and open doors to luxury living. A refreshing farmers porch invites you to a well scaled 5 bedroom home that promises lifestyle maximization. Sun splashed family room leading to a new back yard deck, elegant formal living and dining rooms perfect for entertaining as well as a fire-placed first floor office define the main level. The second floor highlights a tasteful master suite, a junior suite with fireplace, 2 additional family bedrooms and a bath plus laundry room. Walk out lower level offers a second family room featuring a spectacular brick fireplace wall with brand new hard wood floors and a seamless connection to the outdoors. A private guest room and full bath enable even more possibilities. Begin and end your day in an experience of distinctive estate setting just 20 minutes from Bostons historic back-bay!
Located on a scenic country road, MCGEOUGH Custom Homes blends modernism and farmhouse style architecture. Featuring 5 Bedrooms, 7 Baths, 8,000sf +/-, 9-12 ceilings, world class kitchen, separate home office/au pair suite, ledge carvings and vista views. A perfect blend of materials including cedar, cerused oak, quartz and sapphire glass create a warm, modern experience. Built with light in mind, floor to ceiling windows are used throughout the first floor and a 20 wall of staircase glass allows for the outdoor spaces of lush lawn, stone patios and gardens to provide seamless indoor-outdoor entertaining. To be delivered for occupancy Summer 2019.
A sun-filled and generously proportioned Mid-century home in Westons coveted South Side neighborhood. The 3+ bedroom, 3 bath home sits on a private, 1 acre lot, set far back on a beautiful rolling lawn with mature trees and has been immaculately maintained and updated during the Sellers ownership. The wide backyard is level and sunny, complete with irrigation system and custom stick-built shed with concrete foundation. The main floor has a large living room featuring a wood-burning fireplace and oversized picture window. Beyond the living room is an open-plan, updated kitchen and dining room with French doors leading to a bluestone terrace. Off the dining room is a large year-round sunroom with cathedral ceiling, perfect as an additional family room or study. Master bedroom is large with a new en-suite master bath with radiant floors, washlet, double-vanity. The home has a 4th bedroom or office, large family room, oversized 2-car garage, laundry room, and storage.