text:
Justia Patents Compound DocumentUS Patent for Search engine domain transfer Patent (Patent # 10,754,897)
Search engine domain transfer
Sep 24, 2015 - IBM
A mechanism is provided for search engine domain transfer. The mechanism receives an input query to search a specialized domain from a user and performs a general-domain search based on the input query to generate a set of general-domain results. The mechanism generates a feature vector based on the general-domain results and generates a score for each document within the specialized domain based on the feature vector. The mechanism generates a ranked result set of documents based on the scores of the documents in the specialized domain and presents the ranked result set to the user.
Latest IBM Patents:
TRANSMON QUBIT FLIP-CHIP STRUCTURES FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES
Multi-Lingual Action Identification
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCED COMPONENT RELATIONSHIPS IN REPRESENTATIONS OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING IN DATA REPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS
REMOTE DATA CAPTURE IN DATA REPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS
The present application relates generally to an improved data processing apparatus and method and more specifically to mechanisms for search engine domain transfer.
Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages, which they retrieve from the hypertext markup language (HTML) markup of the pages. A Web crawler retrieves these pages and follows every link on the site. The search engine then analyzes the contents of each page to determine how it should be indexed (for example, words can be extracted from the titles, page content, headings, or special fields called meta tags). A Web search engine stores data about web pages in an index database for use in later queries. A query from a user can be a single word. The index helps find information relating to the query as quickly as possible. Some search engines store all or part of the source page (referred to as a cache) as as information about the web pages, whereas others store every word of every page they find. This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it.
When a user enters a query into a search engine (typically by using keywords), the engine examines its index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. The index is built from the information stored with the data and the method by which the information is indexed. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to further specify the search query. Boolean operators are for literal searches that allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called proximity search, which allows users to define the distance between keywords.
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the result set it gives back. While there may be millions of web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve. There are two main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have programmed extensively. The other is a system that generates an "inverted index" by analyzing texts it locates. This form relies much more heavily on the computer itself to do the bulk of the work.
In one illustrative embodiment, a method, in a data processing system, is provided for search engine domain transfer. The method comprises receiving an input query to search a specialized domain from a user and performing at least one general-domain search based on the input query to generate a set of general-domain results. The method further comprises generating a feature vector based on the general-domain results and generating a score for each document within the specialized domain based on the feature vector. The method further comprises generating a ranked result set of documents based on the scores of the documents in the specialized domain and presenting the ranked result set to the user.
In other illustrative embodiments, a computer program product comprising a computer useable or readable medium having a computer readable program is provided. The computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to perform various ones of, and combinations of, the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrative embodiment.
In yet another illustrative embodiment, a system/apparatus is provided. The system/apparatus may comprise one or more processors and a memory coupled to the one or more processors. The memory may comprise instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform various ones of, and combinations of the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrative embodiment.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of, the following detailed description of the example embodiments of the present invention.
The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an example diagram of a distributed data processing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;
FIG. 2 is an example block diagram of a computing device in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a search engine with domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating query transformation for search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating operation of a mechanism for search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
A search engine takes a text query from a user and retrieves a list of documents from a corpus, ranked by their relevance to the query. The broad domain of information retrieval seeks to optimize the method of producing such a ranked list. Tremendous advances have been made in this field over the past decades, particularly by Internet search engines, such as Google, Bing, and Baidu. By leveraging a tremendous amount of data and highly optimized algorithms, these search engines are today capable of interpreting the "intent" users have behind their queries, which are frequently written in natural language.
Current performance of Web search engines is due to two sources of data: a massive corpus of hyperlinked documents (the Internet) and logs of user behavior at large scale and fine resolution. While the first source of data proves extremely valuable to traditional information retrieval algorithms (e.g., PageRank), the user query logs are responsible for much of the recent improvements in the relevancy of Web search results.
The illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for search engine domain transfer that focus not on Web search but rather on vertical search, i.e., enterprise search or domain-specific search. Here, the search engine is designed for a specific domain or application (e.g., searching through a user's email or through a company's website). These custom search engines have generally struggled to match the performance of general Web search. This is due to a relative paucity of data: both the document corpora and user behavior logs are generally orders of magnitude smaller in domain applications.
The mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments allow one to leverage a highly-optimized wide-domain search engine in order to retrieve information from a smaller domain.
There has been a healthy amount of work in the area of vertical search, but this work fails to use broad-domain knowledge or data to power domain-specific search. Part of the reason is that domain-specificity encourages highly optimized domain-specific rules.
Google offers a custom search service for websites allowing users to search the website's domain. There is an option to enable Google Custom Search to retrieve both Internet documents and site-specific documents. There is no documented or observable effect where the wide-domain search features somehow improve the quality of the site-specific results, with the exception of the autocomplete functionality. This autocomplete functionality can autocomplete custom search queries based on general-domain user behavior but does not affect functionality beyond query formation. Furthermore, autocomplete functionality is only available when a user has selected to search both a custom domain and the Internet at the same time, and it is unclear if it is even being leveraged with the intention of improving custom search performance.
In accordance with the illustrative embodiments, a search engine featurizes search engine results from a wide-domain search in an efficient manner and applies a resulting feature vector to the task of query retrieval within a more specific domain.
Before beginning the discussion of the various aspects of the illustrative embodiments it should first be appreciated that throughout this description the term "mechanism" will be used to refer to elements of the present invention that perform various operations, functions, and the like. A "mechanism," as the term is used herein, may be an implementation of the functions or aspects of the illustrative embodiments in the form of an apparatus, a procedure, or a computer program product. In the case of a procedure, the procedure is implemented by one or more devices, apparatus, computers, data processing systems, or the like. In the case of a computer program product, the logic represented by computer code or instructions embodied in or on the computer program product is executed by one or more hardware devices in order to implement the functionality or perform the operations associated with the specific "mechanism." Thus, the mechanisms described herein may be implemented as specialized hardware, software executing on general purpose hardware, software instructions stored on a medium such that the instructions are readily executable by specialized or general purpose hardware, a procedure or method for executing the functions, or a combination of any of the above.
The present description and claims may make use of the terms "a," "at least one of," and "one or more of" with regard to particular features and elements of the illustrative embodiments, it should be appreciated that these terms and phrases are intended to state that there is at least one of the particular feature or element present in the particular illustrative embodiment, but that more than one can also be present. That is, these terms/phrases are not intended to limit the description or claims to a single feature/element being present or require that a plurality of such features/elements be present. To the contrary, these terms/phrases only require at least a single feature/element with the possibility of a plurality of such features/elements being within the scope of the description and claims.
In addition, it should be appreciated that the following description uses a plurality of various examples for various elements of the illustrative embodiments to further illustrate example implementations of the illustrative embodiments and to aid in the understanding of the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments. These examples intended to be non-limiting and are not exhaustive of the various possibilities for implementing the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the present description that there are many other alternative implementations for these various elements that may be utilized in addition to, or in replacement of the examples provided herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The illustrative embodiments may be utilized in many different types of data processing environments. In order to provide a context for the description of the specific elements and functionality of the illustrative embodiments, FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided hereafter as example environments in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1 and 2 are only examples and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard to the environments in which aspects or embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of an example distributed data processing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Distributed data processing system 100 may include a network of computers in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. The distributed data processing system 100 contains at least one network 102, which is the medium used to provide communication links between various devices and computers connected together within distributed data processing system 100. The network 102 may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 are connected to network 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114 are also connected to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, for example, personal computers, network computers, or the like. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, and applications to the clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in the depicted example. Distributed data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
In the depicted example, distributed data processing system 100 is the Internet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, the distributed data processing system 100 may also be implemented to include a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or the like. As stated above, FIG. 1 is intended as an example, not as an architectural limitation for different embodiments of the present invention, and therefore, the particular elements shown in FIG. 1 should not be considered limiting with regard to the environments in which the illustrative embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.
As shown in FIG. 1, one or more of the computing devices, e.g., server 104, may be specifically configured to implement a search engine with domain transfer. The configuring of the computing device may comprise the providing of application specific hardware, firmware, or the like to facilitate the performance of the operations and generation of the outputs described herein with regard to the illustrative embodiments. The configuring of the computing device may also, or alternatively, comprise the providing of software applications stored in one or more storage devices and loaded into memory of a computing device, such as server 104, for causing one or more hardware processors of the computing device to execute the software applications that configure the processors to perform the operations and generate the outputs described herein with regard to the illustrative embodiments. Moreover, any combination of application specific hardware, firmware, software applications executed on hardware, or the like, may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the illustrative embodiments.
It should be appreciated that once the computing device is configured in one of these ways, the computing device becomes a specialized computing device specifically configured to implement the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments and is not a general purpose computing device. Moreover, as described hereafter, the implementation of the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments improves the functionality of the computing device and provides a useful and concrete result that facilitates search engine domain transfer.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example data processing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Data processing system 200 is an example of a computer, such as client 110 in FIG. 1, in which computer usable code or instructions implementing the processes for illustrative embodiments of the present invention may be located.
In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hub architecture including north bridge and memory controller hub (NB/MCH) 202 and south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (SB/ICH) 204. Processing unit 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 are connected to NB/MCH 202. Graphics processor 210 may be connected to NB/MCH 202 through an accelerated graphics port (AGP).
In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 connects to SB/ICH 204. Audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, read only memory (ROM) 224, hard disk drive (HDD) 226, CD-ROM drive 230, universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communication ports 232, and PCI/PCIe devices 234 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 238 and bus 240. PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card bus controller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flash basic input/output system (BIOS).
HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 240. HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 may use, for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface. Super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be connected to SB/ICH 204.
An operating system runs on processing unit 206. The operating system coordinates and provides control of various components within the data processing system 200 in FIG. 2. As a client, the operating system may be a commercially available operating system such as Microsoft® Windows 7®. An object-oriented programming system, such as the Java™ programming system, may run in conjunction with the operating system and provides calls to the operating system from Java™ programs or applications executing on data processing system 200.
As a server, data processing system 200 may be, for example, an IBM eServer™ System p® computer system, Power™ processor based computer system, or the like, running the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX®) operating system or the LINUX® operating system. Data processing system 200 may be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system including a plurality of processors in processing unit 206. Alternatively, a single processor system may be employed.
Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programming system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as HDD 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 for execution by processing unit 206, The processes for illustrative embodiments of the present invention may be performed by processing unit 206 using computer usable program code, which may be located in a memory such as, for example, main memory 208, ROM 224, or in one or more peripheral devices 226 and 230, for example.
A bus system, such as bus 238 or bus 240 as shown in FIG. 2, may be comprised of one or more buses. Of course, the bus system may be implemented using any type of communication fabric or architecture that provides for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the fabric or architecture. A communication unit, such as modem 222 or network adapter 212 of FIG. 2, may include one or more devices used to transmit and receive data. A memory may be, for example, main memory 208, ROM 224, or a cache such as found in NB/MCH 202 in FIG. 2.
As mentioned above, in some illustrative embodiments the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented as application specific hardware, firmware, or the like, application software stored in a storage device, such as HDD 226 and loaded into memory, such as main memory 208, for executed by one or more hardware processors, such as processing unit 206, or the like. As such, the computing device shown in FIG. 2 becomes specifically configured to implement the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments and specifically configured to perform the operations and generate the outputs described hereafter with regard to search engine domain transfer.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware in FIGS. 1 and 2 may vary depending on the implementation. Other internal hardware or peripheral devices, such as flash memory, equivalent non-volatile memory, or optical disk drives and the like, may be used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. Also, the processes of the illustrative embodiments may be applied to a multiprocessor data processing system, other than the SMP system mentioned previously, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Moreover, the data processing system 200 may take the form of any of a number of different data processing systems including client computing devices, server computing devices, a tablet computer, laptop computer, telephone or other communication device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like. In some illustrative examples, data processing system 200 may be a portable computing device that is configured with flash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating system files and/or user-generated data, for example. Essentially, data processing system 200 may be any known or later developed data processing system without architectural limitation.
The illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms to return a ranked list of domain-specific documents in response to a query. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. With reference to FIG. 3A, search engine 1 310 receives a query and identifies documents in domain 1 311 that satisfy the query. Search engine 1 310 is indexed for domain 1 311. In the depicted example, domain 311 may be a massive corpus hyperlinked documents (e.g., the Internet). Search engine 1 310 may use logs of user behavior at large scale and fine resolution.
Turning to FIG. 3B, search engine 2 320 receives a query for domain 2 321. Transform 322 transforms the query into multiple queries for search engine 1 (SE 1) 323. Each instance of SE 1 323 searches a general corpus of documents, such as domain 1 311 in FIG. 3A, using a respective one of the multiple queries. Compare component 324 compares the results from SE 1 323 to the documents in domain 2 321 to generate results.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a search engine with domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Transform component 410 receives a narrow-domain query and transforms the query into a plurality of general-domain queries. Transform component 410 consists of a plurality of transformation functions, and each transformation function produces a corresponding general-domain query from the narrow-domain query. The transformation functions may be as simple as passing the query through unmodified or as complex as performing translation into a general-domain language and filtering out unnecessary words via syntactic analysis. The transformation functions described herein are exemplary, and more or fewer transformation functions may be implemented within the spirit and scope of the illustrative embodiments.
Each of the plurality of general-domain search engine instances (S) 420 receives a respective general-domain query. Each general-domain search engine instance 420 returns results in the form of a ranked list of documents, including content. For example, for each document in the ranked list, the content may include a title, an excerpt, a host name, at least one uniform resource locator (URL), and the document itself.
Each general-domain search engine instance 420 may run on the same machine. For example, general-domain search engine instances 420 may execute within virtual machines on the same server in parallel. Alternatively, each general-domain search engine instance 420 may run on a separate server. In one embodiment, the mechanism of the illustrative embodiment sends the general-domain queries to an external search engine in parallel.
Featurizer 430 receives results from each general-domain search engine instance 420 and extracts a feature vector that represents the user's query in the general domain.
Compare component 440 compares the feature vector from featurizer 430 to each document Di in the narrow domain. Compare component 440 then generates a quantitative score for the narrow domain query with each document based on the general-domain feature vector. There is considerable flexibility available for selection of a scoring function. The search engine then returns the documents to the user sorted by the quantitative score.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating query transformation for search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In the illustrative embodiment, training data are available in the form of training queries with ground truth labels. Each label is a document from the domain corpus that is most relevant to the query.
Transformation block 510 consists of two stages. First the transformation block 510 splits the query into two versions: the original query and a version consisting of only the "keywords" from the query. In one embodiment, the transformation block 510 filters the keywords based on parts-of-speech tags assigned to each word: nouns, verbs, adjectives, most adverbs, and wh-qualifiers/determiners/adverbs.
In the second stage, transformation block 510 contextualizes the resulting queries by the addition of context strings. For instance, the domain relevant to veterans of the United States military might choose the following context strings: " ", "Veteran", "Military", "VA". Transformation block 510 transforms each query into a plurality of general-domain queries by concatenating the relevant context.
To illustrate, suppose the original query was given by, "Health care coverage is okay." The keyword-distilled version would then be, "Health care coverage okay." According to the above United States military context, the transformed queries would be as follows:
"Health care coverage is okay"
"Veteran Health care coverage is okay"
"Military Health care coverage is okay"
"VA Health care coverage is okay"
"Health care coverage okay"
"Veteran Health care coverage okay"
"Military Health care coverage okay"
"VA Health care coverage okay"
These are cumulatively referred to as the transformed queries or the general-domain queries.
In general-domain search block 520, each transformed query is independently passed to a general-domain search engine instance 521. Each general-domain search engine 521 returns a ranked list of documents, including document title, excerpt, etc., for a corresponding general-domain query. The recall of this list can generally be as large as desired. In one example embodiment, a recall of 100 documents is more than sufficient. General-domain search block 520 passes these results to featurizer block 530.
There may be many ways to featurize lists of results. In one simple example, each featurizer 531 concatenates titles and excerpts (also referred to as "snippets") and vectorizes via term-frequency-inverse-document-frequency (TF-IDF). To compare the inverse document frequencies, featurizer block 530 assumes that a collection of queries are being passed through the system in batch.
1. For each general-domain query, featurizer block 530 concatenates the titles and snippets (with spacing) into a single long text string.
2. The featurizer block 530 then collects the concatenated text string for each general-domain query for a large collection of queries and composes a list of strings.
3. The featurizer block 530 then applies TF-IDF to each concatenated string described as a bag of words, computes term frequency (TF) for each concatenated string, and computes inverse document frequency (IDF) across the collection of concatenated strings.
This process produces a vector for each transformation. Featurizer block 530 generates a feature vector 532 as the concatenation of these vectors. Featurizer block 530 then passes the feature vector 532 to comparison block 540.
The comparison block 540 computes a similarity score based on feature vector 532 and each document Di in the narrow domain. In one embodiment, classifier 541 is a machine learning classifier trained with supervision to produce appropriate scores. More specifically, assuming that a set of training queries and corresponding ground truth document labels, for each possible document label, a one-versus-rest classifier is trained to predict whether an input feature vector has a given label. When a new query appears, classifier 541 uses the score from each document's classifier to rank the documents. Supervision is not necessary for comparison block 540; however, in accordance with the example embodiment, a supervised machine learning classifier improves performance.
In the above, the feature vector 532 consists solely of search-engine-domain-transfer components, and comparison block 540 uses the entire concatenated vector to train classifier 541. In addition, the sub-vectors corresponding to different forms of the query (restricted to each specific context or keyword distilled) provide a set of partially correlated characterizations of the original query with different sets of features masked off. Each sub-vector can be used to train classifier 541. The entire set of classifiers could then be used in an ensemble learning scheme, which could reduce the risk of overfitting and yield improved accuracy on unseen data.
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating operation of a mechanism for search engine domain transfer in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Operation begins (block 600), and the mechanism receives a query (block 601). The mechanism transforms the query into a plurality of transformed, general-domain queries (block 602). The mechanism may transform the query by passing the query unmodified, reducing the query to only keywords, or concatenating context strings.
The mechanism performs a general domain search using the plurality of transformed queries (block 603). The mechanism then featurizes results of the general domain search to form a feature vector (block 604). The mechanism may featurize results by concatenating title, excerpt, host name, uniform resource locator (URL), and document content. The mechanism may also featurize the results by determining term-frequency-inverse-document-frequency (TF-IDF).
The mechanism compares each document in the specialized (narrow) domain to the feature vector to form a score (block 605). Comparison may include using a machine learning classifier that is trained with a set of training queries with corresponding ground truth labels. The machine learning classifier may predict whether an input feature vector has a given label. Other techniques for comparison, classification, and/or scoring may be used within the spirit and scope of the illustrative embodiments.
The mechanism then ranks documents in the specialized domain by score and generates a result set (block 606). The mechanism then presents the result set to the user (block 607). Thereafter, operation ends.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
As noted above, it should be appreciated that the illustrative embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In one example embodiment, the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments are implemented in software or program code, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.
A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.
Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
1. A method, in a data processing system comprising at least one processor and a memory, the memory comprising instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to specifically configure the processor to implement a specialized-domain search engine with domain transfer, the method comprising:
receiving, by the specialized-domain search engine executing on the at least one processor of the data processing system, an input query to search a narrow domain corpus of documents from a user;
performing, by the specialized-domain search engine, a general-domain search based on the input query to generate a set of general-domain results, wherein performing the general-domain search comprises: transforming the input query into a plurality of general-domain queries, wherein transforming the input query further comprises splitting the input query into an original query version and a keyword-only version and concatenating each of a plurality of context strings to the original query version and to the keyword-only version, wherein the plurality of context strings are relevant to the narrow domain corpus of documents; sending the plurality of general-domain queries to a plurality of instances of a general-domain search engine in parallel, wherein the plurality of instances of the general-domain search engine search a general domain corpus of documents based on the plurality of general-domain queries; and receiving the set of general-domain results from the plurality of instances of the general-domain search engine with respect to a general domain corpus of documents;
generating, by a featurizer component executing within the specialized-domain search engine, a feature vector based on the set of general-domain results, wherein generating the feature vector comprises generating a sub-vector for each of the plurality of general-domain queries and concatenating sub-vectors for the plurality of general-domain queries to form the feature vector, wherein each sub-vector comprises the input query with a different set of features masked off;
generating, by a classifier component executing within the specialized-domain search engine, a score for each document within the narrow domain corpus of documents by comparing the feature vector to each document within the narrow domain corpus of documents;
generating, by the specialized-domain search engine, a ranked result set of documents from the narrow domain corpus of documents based on the scores of the documents in the narrow domain corpus of documents; and
presenting, by the specialized-domain search engine, the ranked result set of documents to the user.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the feature vector comprises:
concatenating titles and snippets from the general domain search results for each of the plurality of general-domain queries to form a text string;
computing term frequency (TF) for each text string; and
computing inverse document frequency (IDF) across a collection of the text strings for the plurality of general-domain queries;
forming a plurality of TF-IDF sub-vectors based on the term frequencies of the text strings and the inverse document frequency for the plurality of general-domain queries; and
generating the feature vector by concatenating the plurality of TF-IDF sub-vectors.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the feature vector comprises concatenating title and snippets from the general-domain results into a text string.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrow domain corpus of documents comprises email documents of a user or a web site of a company.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the feature vector to each document within the narrow domain corpus of documents comprises applying a machine learning classifier.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the machine learning classifier is trained using a training set of queries and corresponding ground truth document labels.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein comparing the feature vector to each document within the narrow domain corpus of documents further comprises using each sub-vector to train a classifier to form a set of classifiers and compute a similarity score for the document based on the feature vector using the set of classifiers in an ensemble learning scheme.
5619709 April 8, 1997 Caid
7856441 December 21, 2010 Kraft
8645394 February 4, 2014 Kolak et al.
20010013035 August 9, 2001 Cohen
20050228788 October 13, 2005 Dahn
20060085399 April 20, 2006 Carmel
20070067281 March 22, 2007 Matveeva
20080101689 May 1, 2008 Forman
20080235209 September 25, 2008 Rathod
20080243838 October 2, 2008 Scott
20090024607 January 22, 2009 Sun
20100114933 May 6, 2010 Murdock
20110153577 June 23, 2011 Dean
20120033861 February 9, 2012 Dai
20130290342 October 31, 2013 Cooper et al.
20130311166 November 21, 2013 Yanpolsky
20150293976 October 15, 2015 Guo
20160070731 March 10, 2016 Chang
WO02015/028898 March 2015 WO
Aldape-Perez et al. "Feature Selection using a Hybrid Associative Classifier with Masking Techniques". Proceedings of the Fifth MICAI. Nov. 2006. DOI: 10.1109/MICAI.2006.15. URL Link: <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4022148>. Accessed Feb. 2019. (Year: 2006).
Opitz et al. "Popular Ensemble Methods: An Empirical Study". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 11 (1999) 169-198. URL Link: https://www.d.umn.edu/˜rmaclin/publications/opitz-jair99.pdf. Accessed Jun. 2018. Published Aug. 1999. (Year: 1999).
Wikipedia. "Feature selection". URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_selection. Accessed Jun. 2018. Archive.org snapshot on Aug. 19, 2015. (Year: 2015).
Wikipedia. "Learning to rank". URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank. Accessed Jun. 2018. Archive.org snapshot on Jul. 11, 2015. (Year: 2015).
Wikipedia. "Parallel Computing". URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing. Accessed Jun. 2018. Archive.org snapshot on Aug. 18, 2015. (Year: 2015).
Barney. "Introduction to Parallel Computing". URL Link: https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp/. Accessed Feb. 2017. Archive.org snapshot on Dec. 5, 2014. (Year: 2014).
Stata. "Parallel programming in modern web search engines". Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming. DOI 10.1145/1122971.1122973. URL Link: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1122973. Accessed Jun. 2018. Published Mar. 2006. (Year: 2006).
"Feature Selection", Wikipedia, URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_selection. Archive.org snapshot on Aug. 19, 2015, Accessed Jun. 2018, 12 pages.
"Learning to rank", URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank, accessed Jun. 2018, archive.org snapshot on Jul. 11, 2015, 7 pages.
"Parallel Computing", URL Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing.Archive.org snapshot on Aug. 18, 2015, Accessed Jun. 2018, 19 pages.
Barney, Blaise "Introduction to Parallel Computing", URL Link: https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp/. Accessed Feb. 2017. Archive.org snapshot on Dec. 5, 2014, 37 pages.
Beel, Joeran et al., "Research-paper recommender systems: a literature survey", Int J Digit Lib (2016) 17:305-338, DOI 10.1007/s00799-015-0156-0, URL Link: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00799-015-0156-0.pdf, Published Jul. 26, 2015, Accessed Jun. 2018, 34 pages.
Opitz, David et al., "Popular Ensemble Methods: An Empirical Study", Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 11 (1999), URL Link https://www.d.umn.edu/˜rmaclin/publications/opitz-jair99.pdf, Published Aug. 1999, Accessed Jun. 2018, pp. 169-198.
Stata, Raymie "Parallel Programming in Modern Web Search Engines", Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming. DOI 10.1145/1122971.1122973, URL Link: https://di.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1122973 Published Mar. 2006, Accessed Jun. 2018, 1 page.
"Autocomplete", Google, https://support.google.com/customsearch/answer/2631081?hl=en, retrieved from the internet Jun. 16, 2015, 3 pages.
"How much does the U.S. president get paid?", HowStuffWorks, http://money.howstuffworks.com/question449.htm, Aug. 21, 2000, 2 pages.
"President of the United States", Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 2015, 26 pages.
"Salaries and Retirement Benefits of U.S. Presidents and Other Federal Government Employees", ipl2, http://www.ipl.org/div/farq/pensionFARQ.html, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 215, 3 pages.
"Salaries of the President, Vice President, and Other U.S. Officials", Information Please Database, http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0875856.html, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 2015, 1 page.
Allen, Ashley C. , "Report: The 10 richest U.S. presidents", http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/02/15/10-richest-presidents/5514567/, Feb. 17, 2014, 6 pages.
Bollegala, Danushka et al., "Measuring Semantic Similarity between Words Using Web Search Engines", WWW 2007, May 8-12, 2007, pp. 757-766.
Cilibrasi, Rudi L. et al., "The Google Similarity Distance", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 19, No. 3, Mar. 2007, pp. 370-383.
Costa, Kim, "Infographic: Just how much money does the president make?", http://www.snagajob.com/resources/infographic-just-how-much-money-does-the-president-make/, Feb. 17, 2014, 8 pages.
Keiler, Brianna, "Being ex-president can be lucrative gig", http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/27/politics/pays-to-be-president/, Feb. 27, 2012, 6 pages.
Mccallum, Andrew et al., "A Machine Learning Approach to Building Domain-Specific Search Engines", Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'99), vol. 2, Jul. 31, 1999, pp. 662-667.
Metzler, Donald et al., "Similarity Measures for Short Segments of Text", http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-71496-5_5, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4425, Chapter 5, Apr. 2-5, 2007, 12 pages.
Sahami, Mehran et al., "A Web-based Kernel Function for Measuring the Similarity of Short Text Snippets", World Wide Web Conference Committee, http://www2006.org/programme/files/xhtml/3069/3069-sahami/3069-sahami-xhtml.html, WWW 2006, May 23-26, 2006, 20 pages.
Warner, Brian, "How Much Does the President Make?", http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/entertainment-articles/how-much-money-does-the-president-make/, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 2015, 4 pages.
Warner, Brian, "How Much is Barack Obama Worth?", http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-politicians/presidents/barack-obama-net-worth/, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 2015, 14 pages.
Warner, Brian, "How Much Money Did Barack Obama Make in 2013?", http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/much-money-barack-obama-make-2013/, Apr. 13, 2014, 4 pages.
Wesley, Daniel, "The Presidential Paycheck—Where Obama Gets His Money", http://visualeconomics.creditloan.com/the-presidential-paycheck-where-obama-gets-his-money/, retrieved from the Internet Jun. 16, 2015, 12 pages.
Yih, Wen-Tau et al., "Improving Similarity Measures for Short Segments of Text", Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 7, No. 7, Jul. 22, 2007, pp. 1489-1494.
List of IBM Patents or Patent Applications Treated as Related dated Sep. 24, 2015, 2 pages.
Filed: Sep 24, 2015
Date of Patent: Aug 25, 2020
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
Inventors: Tin K. Ho (Millburn, NJ), Luis A. Lastras-Montano (Cortlandt Manor, NY), Vinith Misra (Sunnyvale, CA)
Primary Examiner: Neveen Abel Jalil
Assistant Examiner: Irene Baker
Current U.S. Class: Compound Document (715/209)
International Classification: G06F 16/951 (20190101); G06F 16/248 (20190101); G06F 16/9535 (20190101); G06F 16/2457 (20190101);


Then this Netgear MA401 was tested on  a Twinhead laptop to set up a HostAP.
However, the wlan0 device can never be found and hostap failed to work. Dlink also faces the same problem.
Based on the error captured from dmesg, I guess there is some hardware conflict when HostAP driver tries to access an IRQ which is being used by other hardware component.
Any ideas or solutions are highly appreciated.
PCI: No IRQ known for interrupt pin A of device 00:03.0. Please try using pci=biosirq.


With Poser, human and animal models are prepared for you to start designing and posing immediately. Figures are pre-rigged so artists can click-and-drag to pose body parts, sculpt faces, or create ethnic varieties. Thousands of poses, morphs, clothing, hair, materials, and accessories are included. Explore all the content included with Poser Pro. You can also download Adobe Character Animator CC 2019.
Whether you create for interactive media, animation or the web, there's always a need to integrate the human form. Poser delivers the power of interactive 3D figure design, offering infinite opportunities to portray human diversity, form and expression. Design with the human form for art, illustration, animation, comics, web, print, education, medical visualization, games, storyboarding, pre-visualization and more. You can also download Adobe Animate CC 2019.
Below are some amazing features you can experience after installation of Smith Micro Poser Pro 11.1.1.35510 Free Download please keep in mind features may vary and totally depends if your system support them.
Interactively fit clothing and props to any Poser figure and create new conforming clothing with the Fitting Room. Edit existing clothing to fit any weight mapped figure with five automatic methods, you can even transfer morph targets too!
Poser Pro features Morph Target Transfer to copy morph from one figure, to another. Poser clothing developers can now support a wide array of figures and include both full body and partial body morphs.
Paint weight maps on any joint for super smooth and controlled bending, or use an existing figure and copy its weight map onto a new figure. Copy weight map symmetry from side to side or use a Use you pressure sensitive tablet to paint weight maps for the best bending characters.
For photorealistic texture creation, High Dynamic Range (HDRI) images are supported with full depth brightness and color. To transport Poser into a variety of powerful third party tools including Sketch-up, Modo and many other powerful pro-tools, we have one of the most robust COLLADA import/export pipelines available today.
Our included PoserFusion plug-ins work with Lightwave, CINEMA 4D, Max and Maya, and allow you to import full Poser scenes including character rigging, textures and full dynamics.
The Queue Manager lets you manage rendering jobs to choose when you want to render, and which machine you want to use, and use your network of rendering computers to efficiently handle projects like animation.
Product requires your choice of online or offline activation.
Download File Size: 257 MB.
Click on below button to start Smith Micro Poser Pro 11.1.1.35510 Free Download. This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for Smith Micro Poser Pro 11.1.1.35510 Free. This would be working perfectly fine with compatible version of Windows.


My daughter was born in Bengaluru, She has studied in Madhya Pradesh up to 12th standard, as we parents were working in Government of Madhya Pradesh. Her schooling was in I.C.S.E and C.B.S.E schools. She did her Engineering Degree from the Rashtreeya Vidyala College Engineering, Bengaluru. Her Masters in Management was completed from the prestigious Singapore Management University. Singapore in the year 2016. Sahana is a loving family girl, who wishes to work after marriage. Her leisure time is filled with travelling, reading, listening to music & watching films.
Though she is still learning cooking, but she is very simple and down to earth.The only thing which makes her special is that she lives for the family and always tries her best to bring the people closer together.
My name is Priyanka I have completed my B.A.. I grew up in a Upper Middle Class, Nuclear family with Traditional.
My daughter is a consultant with a Master's degree from Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. currently working in a start up in Gurgaon. She persued her graduation from St.Xaviers College Kolkata.We come from an upper middle class, nuclear family background with liberal values.
My name is Shilpa Singh and I am working as a Software Professional in the Private Sector. I have completed my B.Tech.. I grew up in a Middle Class, Nuclear Family with Moderate Values.
I am well educated, simple and honest. I have completed Bachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication from GGSIP University, New Delhi. MA from GJU, Hisar and M.phil from MDU, Rohtak. Currently I am Govt job aspirant. I am searching for a suitable boy. I come from a middle class, nuclear family with liberal values, currently living in Gurgaon.
I completed my bachelor's degree and am now working as a software professional. I belong to an upper middle class, nuclear family with moderate values, currently settled in Gurgaon.
We are a nuclear family with traditional values. To describe about our family, we belong to the SC caste and looking for a match from the same community. My daughter resides in Gurgaon. She is MA and now pursuing Bed From Govt COLLEGE SIDRAWALI. She is manglik from her Janampatrika. We require the suitable match in NCR/ HARYANA CITY ONLY.
My daughter has a Master's degree and she is employed in private Sector as an executive currently based in Gurgaon. We belong to an upper middle class, nuclear family with liberal values.


text:
Research Centers & Institutes in Sudan
In order to build new knowledge, understand what's happening around us, succeed in our endeavors, verify a claim, seize an opportunity, raise community awareness, prove a hypothesis, solve problems, or take accurate if not precise decisions, research must be conducted. Research centers, projects, and other entities in Sudan are not as influential and powerful as other countries, but there're several entities that try to thrive and contribute and . There are various types of research entities in Sudan that contribute and add new research. However, I'll only mention entities that do not fall under the category of universities.
The Urban Episode
The Urban Episode is a research studio that aims to redefine knowledge, history, and culture of the urban spaces around Sudan. One of its products is Khartoum Podcast which is an audio series that explores Khartoum and through the view of specialists, urbanists, artists, and other inhabitants of the city.
Sudanese Researchers Foundation
Sudanese researchers foundation is a scientific non governmental and non-profit entity that aims to facilitate collaboration and engagement between Sudanese researchers in various fields. It was found in 2009.
AMD Research
AMD Research is a subsidiary of Darwish Brothers. It is a private research company that serves other entities with customized research projects as per request to their clients. The areas that it researches include: market, society, marketing, brand, media, advertising, retail & consumer reach, healthcare, and data literacy.
Sudanese Women Economists Association
Sudanese Women Economists Association (SWEA) was founded in 2020 to improve the women economists' participation in the policy and academic spheres in Sudan and contribute to the economic research. Currently it offers an online training to build the research capacity of young economists in under developed states around Sudan and conflict zones
Sudan Research & Consultancy Group
The Sudan Research and Consultancy Group focus on public policies and business in Sudan. It has a think tank that focuses on research about critical issues and business and investment desk that focuses on providing foreign/local companies and investors with information, data driven research, comprehensive legal services, and management solutions.
Tasees
Tasees is a non-profit research center that aims to research human sciences and their intersections with Islamic studies. But sadly it's only in Arabic.
National Centre for Research
The national center for research is a governmental research institute that was found in 1970. It aims to conduct scientific and practical research to develop economy, and society within the framework of the government's policy. The areas focused on include: medical herbs, sensors, biotechnology, and genetic engineering.
Though Sudan has no strong research presence in the world, there are effective and influential research centers that do add value to the society and in different sectors. These were influential research centers and institutions that operate outside the umbrella of the universities and have a good amount of papers, books, lectures, articles, training programs, and podcasts that you'll find it intriguing to take a look on them.
More from Ahmed El-Affendi
I'm a coffeeholic foodie Data Journalist| Data Scientist| Social Media Analyst|Cinematics addict| website: https://linktr.ee/ahmed_elaffendi
"Jus Mundi has a very important function to perform in creating awareness and upholding the…
This Week in Freedom of Expression 2018–10–21
Chinese FM reveals 5-guide plan toward advancing Middle East harmony
The banana war has started in Turkey
It is the banana struggle between Syrian evacuees and Turkey. It seems like the subject of a clever sketch or a joke, however it occurred…
The Coming Economic Contagion.
The next attack on the World is going to be economic. We all have to brace.
Diplomatic relations with New Zealand on notice as citizenship drama bites
A toast to our epic community!
A month in the life of ActionStation
قبرس جنوبی کجاست and New Cyprus Residency Rules
Ahmed El-Affendi
Expectations of perpetual growth
Originally published @ steverigell.com
The Retail Therapy Round-Up For August 2021
If you're like me, you shop when you're stressed. Or, you shop when you feel like giving yourself a treat. Or, well, you shop because you…
Bowling Strike Rates & Reimagining Selection of Test Sides
Evolution of Human Beings with Time
Across the world, humans have experienced extraordinary changes over time. With the transition in time and situations, our species have…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hampton's rich history and current talents impact the Hampton Roads community. Dr. Mamie Locke, Dean of the School of Liberal Arts, along with Mr. Nashid Madyun, Director of the University Museum and Mr. Wayne Dawkins, Assistant Professor for the Scripps Howard School of Journalism and Communications, tell how Hampton University is having an impact on the Hampton Roads community. Profiled in this episode are Dr. Bryan Herek, Assistant Professor of Englishand Elijah Jones, Broadcast Journalism major.


Let's have Some fun and let's play a game. Also I am sure it will help a lot of us younger guys learn some history for the old school guys.
The game is we will start with 0 or 00 and count up to 100 but we can't move to the next number until we have filled the last. With a name and if you have it a picture of who drove that number on their race car.
Once a number has be used we can move on tot he next and if you have some one else for a number you can reply their name to the one as well.
The best part about this deal is it will help me with my cipherin'!
Er, aren't Heveron and Gorham between "0" and "1"...?
Ironhaid has to be #3, or global warming will increase, or something.
Last edited by OldSchool+ : 10-30-2018 at 02:08 PM.
Lol oldschool let's just have fun and bring up some memories It's bound to happen a few times before we get to 100.
the best #6 of all times "BILLY BARNWELL", or that kid from Arkansas.
Don't forget the #7 for Johnny Walker, or The fastest cash register repair man in the world, " Leroy Porter"
Last edited by xracer54 : 10-31-2018 at 02:40 AM.
Old Bob Luscomb. I remember when he was driving modifieds, and I think building someone's (like Howe, only I don't know who it was) modifieds for others. It put the "old" modifieds (like the one in my avatar) out of business and virtually ended the class.
Last edited by OldSchool+ : 10-31-2018 at 08:37 AM.
This is also a good time to mention Dave Westerman's site which preserves much of the history of local short track racing.
Thank you for your ongoing efforts, Mr. Westerman.
#2 Randy Tissot first saw Randy at Orlando raceway in 1965, been a fan for a long time !!
Will start the evening off with Sprint Car drivers #18 Shane Butler and his brother #19 Keith Butler - also mention of #19 Bobby Newton - OSW/NSS late model. Now for the #20 I remember watching and cheering modified driver Gary Salvatore #20 on many Saturday nights at NSS.....Who has #21 ????
Last edited by OldSchool+ : 10-31-2018 at 09:53 PM.


text:
Yttrium News and Research
Yttrium is a metal of the rare earth group of elements. A radioactive form of yttrium may be attached to a monoclonal antibody or other molecule that can locate and bind to cancer cells and be used to diagnose or treat some types of cancer.
New imaging technology could help find tiny tumors
Many types of cancer could be more easily treated if they were detected at an earlier stage. MIT researchers have now developed an imaging system, named "DOLPHIN," which could enable them to find tiny tumors, as small as a couple of hundred cells, deep within the body.
Targeted radiation provides treatment option for children with hard-to-treat liver cancer
Targeted tumor radiation provides a feasible treatment option for children with difficult-to-treat liver cancer, according to a new study published today in the journal Pediatric Blood and Cancer.
Hybrid theranostic complex shows high therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells
Emerging cancer nanotechnology enables target-delivery of substantial payloads of drugs to cancer sites with concomitant reduction of side-effects due to the lesser accumulation in the critical organs.
New nuclear medicine imaging method could help diagnose widespread tumors
A new nuclear medicine imaging method could help diagnose widespread tumors, such as breast, colon, pancreas, lung and head and neck cancer better than current methods, with less inconvenience to patients and with equal or improved accuracy.
Study confirms no survival benefit of adding SIRT to standard treatment for liver cancer
The final results of the palliative cohort of the SORAMIC study in patients with unresectable, locally advanced primary liver cancer have confirmed no clinical advantage to adding selective internal radiation therapy to standard sorafenib treatment compared with using sorafenib alone.
Study reveals promising results for primary liver cancer patients treated with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres
Patients with advanced or inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) who usually received one or two treatments with liver-directed SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres in the 459-patient French SARAH study had similar survival compared to patients who received standard twice-daily systemic treatment with sorafenib, but with less than half the number and significantly fewer severe treatment-related adverse effects and significantly better Quality of Life, according to data presented here at The International Liver Congress™ 2017.
Molecular imaging technique could help optimize radiotherapy dose to combat NETs
Aggressive neuroendocrine cancer is something of a dark horse--a rare, elusive and persevering force linked to discouraging long-term survival rates.
ZEVALIN drug now available to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in Hong Kong
CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the acquisition, development and commercialization of innovative therapeutics addressing cancer and other unmet medical needs for the global market with a commercial focus on China, announces that ZEVALIN is now available at hospitals in Hong Kong to patients with indicated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including at Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital.
Innovative liver cancer treatment gets EU approval
A new treatment for liver cancer developed by the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht has received the European CE mark for quality and safety.
SARAH study completes patient enrolment to evaluate treatment for primary liver cancer
SARAH, a large French study of patients with advanced, inoperable primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, or HCC) has completed patient enrolment, exceeding its 400-patient target, according to its principal investigator, Professor Valérie Vilgrain MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
UB researchers design nanoparticle that may open door for new 'hypermodal' imaging systems
Using two biocompatible parts, University at Buffalo researchers and their colleagues have designed a nanoparticle that can be detected by six medical imaging techniques.
NRL scientists develop novel one-step process to form oxide nanoparticles
Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division have developed a novel one-step process using, for the first time in these types of syntheses, potassium superoxide (KO2) to rapidly form oxide nanoparticles from simple salt solutions in water.
European approval process for Eckert & Ziegler's gallium-68 generator is successfully completed
Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma GmbH has received a recommendation from the European Medicines Agency for approval of its pharmaceutical 68Ge/68Ga generators.
Research on laser assisted drug delivery selected for April 2014 issue of LSM
Research conducted by Lindsay R. Sklar, M.D., Christopher T. Burnett, M.D., F.A.A.D., Jill S. Waibel, M.D., F.A.A.D., Ronald L. Moy, M.D., F.A.A.D., and David M. Ozog, M.D., F.A.A.D., was selected as Editor's Choice for the April 2014 issue of Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.
AMIC provides report on FDA pre-market notification related to brachytherapy cancer product
Advanced Medical Isotope Corporation ("AMIC"), a company engaged in the development, production and distribution of medical isotopes focused on yttrium-90 brachytherapy devices, today announced that it has received a response from the FDA to its pre-market notification to the FDA pursuant to Section 510(k) of the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act for its Yttrium-90 (Y-90) RadioGel(tm) patented brachytherapy cancer product.
Researchers report first experimental evidence that supports theory of buckyball
Researchers at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute have reported the first experimental evidence that supports the theory that a soccer ball-shaped nanoparticle commonly called a buckyball is the result of a breakdown of larger structures rather than being built atom-by-atom from the ground up.
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals enters into agreement to acquire Talon Therapeutics
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company with fully-integrated commercial and drug development operations with a primary focus in hematology and oncology, today announced that, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, the company entered into an agreement to acquire Talon Therapeutics, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company based in South San Francisco, California, and expects to complete the acquisition within one day.
Countrywide study in Germany deems PRRT as life-prolonging treatment for patients with NETs
Peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy has been a subject of growing research on neuroendocrine tumors, which take up residence in a variety of organs replete with nerve cells that respond to hormone signaling.
Novel way to design metal organic frameworks under completely liquid-free conditions
Researchers at Aldrich Materials Science, a strategic technology initiative of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation have discovered an innovative way to design an important class of three-dimensional (3D) hybrid structures, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), under completely liquid-free conditions.
New clinical data for ZEVALIN Injection for intravenous use presented at 17th EHA Congress
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biotechnology company with fully integrated commercial and drug development operations with a primary focus in oncology and hematology, today announced new clinical data presented in an oral presentation for ZEVALIN (ibritumomab tiuxetan) Injection for intravenous use at the 17th Congress of the European Hematology Association (EHA).


The article concerns itself with normative aspects of public health in light of recent debates. It starts out by introducing a few terminological and conceptual distinctions that set the stage for the subsequent discussion. This is followed by critical remarks on (i) two proposals for developing an adequate public health ethics and (ii) the way that the growing health inequalities observed in much of the OECD-world are dealt with in parts of the pertinent literature. The article concludes with a cautionary note on the 'dangers' of over-identification with a public health agenda and of over-moralization of empirical findings that give cause for concern.


I'm not sure what you mean, I don't see how they do it on that site. But if you want to change the layout in the dashboard you will need to custom code the plugin.
You could try adjusting the CSS for each section/widget.
Sorry, I was a bit too broad with my link. Here is a screenshot for reference.
I think that would make the plugin more attractive and easier to understand. Especially since warders made the dashboard into multiple columns users need a magnifying glass to see the data on there.
I know that they can see more data by clicking on stats, but your (WPMUDEV) duty as a designer is to make it as easy for the user as possible.
I will be making the mod myself, but I wanted to share the idea with you in case you want to implement it as an option perhaps.
I will certainly add this to the feature requests for the developers to look into, hopefully they can add some layout options in a future release.
Hope this helps and thankyou for the feedback, we are always appreciative of ideas or tips for improving usability of our plugins for our users, afterall it is you who are the main users of them.


text:
album 27: OMEGA RADIO dot TOKELAU & UFOs in all times - LISTEN HERE
10.000 BC Valmonica, Italy399 viewsAncient Aliens from Nibiru [our ancestors] and UFOs among humanity since the Creation of Mankind by the Anunnakies (Enki and Ninhursag) some 300.000 years ago, and remained on Earth guiding humanity ever since?
Zeus306 views..and the Helpers of the Anunnakies: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBwnfNcvluk&feature=related
Sumerian Claytablet; 2.500 BC - Seal VA-243 , Berlin Museum344 viewsThe Epic of Ceation (Enuma Elish) and other relevant Sumerian texts are supported by other pictorial depictions, such as the cylinder seal VA-243 in the Berlin Museum. It shows the Sun in the centre, surrounded by eleven orbiting bodies that include the Moon, Pluto and yet to be recognized "Planet X" -- Nibiru.
Altarpiece of the Annunciation 1430-1432 AD300 views
Baptism of Jezus in Jordan river 298 views
Baptism and Ufo's340 views
China 1400 AD cloudship 360 views
UFOs in Underground Bases 1582, Nibiru and the UFO Connection by Greg Jenner335 viewswww.darkstar1.co.uk/gregjenner15.html
the Dark Sun, Alchemical manuscript rendering - source; 'Splendor Solis' circa 1582
Artist: Henk Adam Egtberts - Baarn, the Netherlands, 1978 643 viewsHello I am Neo, I am your host at Omega Radio. We have a wide variety of radio programming on this channel. We like to surprise you!
There will be music that touches your soul, combined with real news, entertainment shows from the old days.
6:00 - 11:00 Music for the Soul.
11:00 - 15:00 Documentary Focused.
15:00 - 19:00 Rock your Brain.
19:00 - 23:00 The Neo Show.
23:00 - 06:00 N-Trance.
http://www.omegaradio.tk/
Enki in the tale of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, some 300.000 years ago: Zeus and Olympia - By Giulio Romano, Student of Raphael (1499-1546)361 viewsWas Yahweh, then , Enki in a biblical-Hebrew garb? Were it so simple ... If we examine closely the tale of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, we will find that while it is the Nahash--Enki's serpent guise as knower of biological secrets--who triggers the acquisition by Adam and Eve of the sexual "knowing" that enables them to have offspring, he is not Yahweh but an antagonist of Yahweh (as Enki was of Enlil).
page 350 of "Divine Encounters" by Zecharia Sitchin
? Z. Sitchin
Reprinted with permission.
http://www.aiwaz.net/from-breast-to-beard-story-of-renaissance/a63
Eye of God - photo credit; NASA290 viewsThe Watchers, the Anunnaki: www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-4H41KIhKc (5:49)
Hieroplanes found in Egypt near Cairo some 3000 years old347 viewsOn this ancient Egyptian hieroglyph there are modern helicopter, spaceships and Vimana's depicted.
Also see: www.lost-civilizations.net/flying-vehicles-ancient-egypt.html
The Samarangana Sutradhara descripes: Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath...
7000 BC, Lolladofplate, Nepal346 views
1449-1494 Mary and a UFO..323 views
Mary and UFO374 views
Perseus, Andromeda and the White winged Horse299 views
UFO - man354 views
sky UFOs313 views
suited Alien - Kiev, from 4000 BC331 views
UFOs, 27.000 BC - Tanzania439 viewsAncient Flying Machines: www.world-mysteries.com/sar_7.htm
SOURCE: John Burrows
Sanskrit texts are filled with references to gods who fought battles in the sky using Vimanas equipped with weapons as deadly as any we can deploy in these more enlightened times. For example, there is a passage in the Ramayana which reads:
"The Puspaka car that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravan; that aerial and excellent car going everywhere at will .... that car resembling a bright cloud in the sky."
".. and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent car at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere."
In the Mahabharatra, an ancient Indian poem of enormous length, we learn that an individual named Asura Maya had a Vimana measuring twelve cubits in circumference, with four strong wheels. The poem is a veritable gold mine of information relating to conflicts between gods who settled their differences apparently using weapons as lethal as the ones we are capable of deploying. Apart from 'blazing missiles', the poem records the use of other deadly weapons. 'Indra's Dart' operated via a circular 'reflector'. When switched on, it produced a 'shaft of light' which, when focused on any target, immediately 'consumed it with its power'. In one particular exchange, the hero, Krishna, is pursuing his enemy, Salva, in the sky, when Salva's Vimana, the Saubha is made invisible in some way. Undeterred, Krishna immediately fires off a special weapon: 'I quickly laid on an arrow, which killed by seeking out sound'. Many other terrible weapons are described, quite matter of factly, in the Mahabharata, but the most fearsome of all is the one used against the Vrishis. The narrative records:
"Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in all its splendour. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messaenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas."
It is important to note, that these kinds of records are not isolated. They can be cross-correlated with similiar reports in other ancient civilizations. The after-affects of this Iron Thunderbolt have an ominously recognizable ring. Apparently, those killed by it were so burnt that their corpses were unidentifiable. The survivors fared little etter, as it caused their hair and nails to fall out.
Perhaps the most disturbing and challenging, information about these allegedly mythical Vimanas in the ancient records is that there are some matter-of-fact records, describing how to build one. In their way, the instructions are quite precise.
In the Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara, it is written:
"Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mecrcury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth."
The Hakatha (Laws of the Babylonians) states quite unambiguously: "The privilege of operating a flying machine is great. The knowledge of flight is among the most ancient of our inheritances. A gift from 'those from upon high'. We received it from them as a means of saving many lives."
More fantastic still is the information given in the ancient Chaldean work, The Sifrala, which contains over one hundred pages of technical details on building a flying machine. It contains words which translate as graphite rod, copper coils, crystal indicator, vibrating spheres, stable angles, etc.
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hundred years after Orville Wright?s first flight, K R N SWAMY remembers Shivkur Bapuji Talpade, the Indian who flew an unmanned aircraft, eight years before Wright.
Orville Wright demonstrated on December 17th 1903 that it was possible for a ?manned heavier than air machine to fly?. But, in 1895, eight years earlier, the Sanskrit scholar Shivkar Bapuji Talpade had designed a basic aircraft called Marutsakthi (meaning Power of Air) based on Vedic technology and had it take off unmanned before a large audience in the Chowpathy beach of Bombay. The importance of the Wright brothers lies in the fact, that it was a manned flight for a distance of 120 feet and Orville Wright became the first man to fly. But Talpade?s unmanned aircraft flew to a height of 1500 feet before crashing down and the historian Evan Koshtka, has described Talpade as the ?first creator of an aircraft?.
As the world observes the one hundredth anniversary of the first manned flight, it is interesting to consider the saga of India?s 19th century first aircraft inventor for his design was entirely based on the rich treasury of India?s Vedas. Shivkar Bapuji Talpade was born in 1864 in the locality of Chirabazar at Dukkarwadi in Bombay.
He was a scholar of Sanskrit and from his young age was attracted by the Vaimanika Sastra (Aeronautical Science) expounded by the great Indian sage Maharishi Bhardwaja. One western scholar of Indology Stephen-Knapp has put in simple words or rather has tried to explain what Talpade did and succeeded!
According to Knapp, the Vaimanika Shastra describes in detail, the construction of what is called, the mercury vortex engine the forerunner of the ion engines being made today by NASA. Knapp adds that additional information on the mercury engines can be found in the ancient Vedic text called Samaranga Sutradhara. This text also devotes 230 verses, to the use of these machines in peace and war. The Indologist William Clarendon, who has written down a detailed description of the mercury vortex engine in his translation of Samaranga Sutradhara quotes thus ?Inside the circular air frame, place the mercury-engine with its solar mercury boiler at the aircraft center. By means of the power latent in the heated mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in a most marvellous manner. Four strong mercury containers must be built into the interior structure. When these have been heated by fire through solar or other sources the vimana (aircraft) develops thunder-power through the mercury.
NASA (National Aeronau-tical and Space Administra-tion) world?s richest/ most powerful scientific organisation is trying to create an ion engine that is a device that uses a stream of high velocity electrified particles instead of a blast of hot gases like in present day modern jet engines. Surprisingly according to the bi-monthly Ancient Skies published in USA, the aircraft engines being developed for future use by NASA by some strange coincidence also uses mercury bombardment units powered by Solar cells! Interestingly, the impulse is generated in seven stages. The mercury propellant is first vapourised fed into the thruster discharge chamber ionised converted into plasma by a combination with electrons broke down electrically and then accelerated through small openings in a screen to pass out of the engine at velocities between 1200 to 3000 kilometres per minute! But so far NASA has been able to produce an experimental basis only a one pound of thrust by its scientists a power derivation virtually useless. But 108 years ago Talpade was able to use his knowledge of Vaimanika Shastra to produce sufficient thrust to lift his aircraft 1500 feet into the air!
According to Indian scholar Acharya, ?Vaimanika Shastra deals about aeronautics including the design of aircraft the way they can be used for transportation and other applications in detail. The knowledge of aeronautics is described in Sanskrit in 100 sections, eight chapters, 500 principles and 3000 slokas including 32 techniques to fly an aircraft. In fact, depending on the classifications of eras or Yugas in modern Kaliyuga aircraft used are called Krithakavimana flown by the power of engines by absorbing solar energies!? It is feared that only portions of Bharadwaja?s masterpiece Vaimanika Shas-tra survive today.
The question that comes to one?s mind is, what happened to this wonderful encyclopaedia of aeronautical knowledge accumulated by the Indian savants of yore, and why was it not used? But in those days, such knowledge was the preserve of sages, who would not allow it to be misused, just like the knowledge of atomic bombs is being used by terrorists today!
According to scholar Ratnakar Mahajan who wrote a brochure on Talpade. ?Being a Sanskrit scholar interested in aeronautics, Talpade studied and consulted a number of Vedic treatises like Brihad Vaimanika Shastra of Maharishi Bharadwaja Vimanachandrika of Acharya Narayan Muni Viman yantra of Maharish Shownik Yantra Kalp by Maharishi Garg Muni Viman Bindu of Acharya Vachaspati and Vimana Gyanarka Prakashika of Maharishi Dhundiraj?. This gave him confidence that he can build an aircraft with mercury engines. One essential factor in the creation of these Vedic aircraft was the timing of the Suns Rays or Solar energy (as being now utilised by NASA) when they were most effective to activate the mercury ions of the engine. Happily for Talpade Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad of Baroda a great supporter of the Sciences in India, was willing to help him and Talpade went ahead with his aircraft construction with mercury engines. One day in 1895 (unfortunately the actual date is not mentioned in the Kesari newspaper of Pune which covered the event) before an curious scholarly audience headed by the famous Indian judge/ nationalist/ Mahadeva Govin-da Ranade and H H Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Talpade had the good fortune to see his un manned aircraft named as ?Marutsakthi? take off, fly to a height of 1500 feet and then fall down to earth.
But this success of an Indian scientist was not liked by the Imperial rulers. Warned by the British Government the Maharaja of Baroda stopped helping Talpade. It is said that the remains of the Marutsakthi were sold to ?foreign parties? by the relatives of Talpade in order to salvage whatever they can out of their loans to him. Talpade?s wife died at this critical juncture and he was not in a mental frame to continue with his researches. But his efforts to make known the greatness of Vedic Shastras was recognised by Indian scholars, who gave him the title of Vidya Prakash Pra-deep.
Talpade passed away in 1916 un-honoured, in his own country.
As the world rightly honours the Wright Brothers for their achievements, we should think of Talpade, who utilised the ancient knowledge of Sanskrit texts, to fly an aircraft, eight years before his foreign counterparts.
Copyright,1999 The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd.
Source: http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec16/snt2.asp
ufo in ancient times...370 viewswww.youtube.com/watch?v=p-4H41KIhKc
UFO watching; a Hanebu or Vimana (India, Egypt)- 1330 AD308 viewsUFOs secretly controlling and guiding humanity througout the 4.5 hundred millennium on this Planet Earth.
1660 AD ; UFOs above Dutch seaships in the North Sea.313 viewsfrom Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Admiral Blaen (Sacred Geometry and Archetypes).
Ufo in clouds - 1420 AD312 views
Ufo in clouds - San Franscesco, Italy294 views
UFO Japan317 views
Jehoshua and Mirjam, 1400 AD - Florence, Italy.396 views
UFO , Mary and Jezus316 views
Mozes and UFOs, and YHWH, El Olam (God of Forever, Genesis 21:33) bears the interaction of God's eternity with created time. 390 views
4 Nov. 1697 AD, Spookwielen in de lucht -- UFOs, Duitsland428 viewswww.bibliotecapleyades.net/vimanas/esp_vimanas_9.htm
The Indian Emperor Ashoka started a "Secret Society of the Nine Unknown Men": great Indian scientists who were supposed to catalogue the many sciences. Ashoka kept their work secret because he was afraid that the advanced science catalogued by these men, culled from ancient Indian sources, would be used for the evil purpose of war, which Ashoka was strongly against, having been converted to Buddhism after defeating a rival army in a bloody battle. The "Nine Unknown Men" wrote a total of nine books, presumably one each.
Book number was "The Secrets of Gravitation!" This book, known to historians, but not actually seen by them dealt chiefly with "gravity control." It is presumably still around somewhere, kept in a secret library in India, Tibet or elsewhere (perhaps even in North America somewhere). One can certainly understand Ashoka?s reasoning for wanting to keep such knowledge a secret, assuming it exists. Ashoka was also aware devastating wars using such advanced vehicles and other "futuristic weapons" that had destroyed the ancient Indian "Rama Empire" several thousand years before.
According to ancient Indian texts, the people had flying machines which were called "Vimanas." The ancient Indian epic describes a Vimana as a double-deck, circular aircraft with portholes and a dome, much as we would imagine a flying saucer. It flew with the "speed of the wind" and gave forth a "melodious sound." There were at least four different types of Vimanas; some saucer shaped, others like long cylinders ("cigar shaped airships").
In 1875, the Vaimanika Shastra, a fourth century B.C. text written by Bharadvajy the Wise, using even older texts as his source, was rediscovered in a temple in India. It dealt with the operation of Vimanas and included information on the steering, precautions for long flights, protection of the airships from storms and lightening and how to switch the drive to "solar energy" from a free energy source which sounds like "anti-gravity."
The Vaimanika Shastra (or Vymaanika-Shaastra) has eight chapters with diagrams, describing three types of aircraft, including apparatuses that could neither catch on fire nor break. It also mentions 31 essential parts of these vehicles and 16 materials from which they are constructed, which absorb light and heat; for which reason they were considered suitable for the construction of Vimanas.
Vimanas were kept in a Vimana Griha, a kind of hanger, and were sometimes said to be propelled by a yellowish-white liquid, and sometimes by some sort of mercury compound, though writers seem confused in this matter. It is most likely that the later writers on Vimanas, wrote as observers and from earlier texts, and were understandably confused on the principle of their propulsion. The "yellowishwhite liquid" sounds suspiciously like gasoline, and perhaps Vimanas had a number of different propulsion sources, including combustion engines and even "pulse-jet" engines.
It is interesting to note that when Alexander the Great invaded India more than two thousand years ago, his historians chronicled that at one point they were attacked by "flying, fiery shields" that dove at his army and frightened the cavalry. These "flying saucers" did not use any atomic bombs or beam weapons on Alexander?s army however, perhaps out of benevolence, and Alexander went on to conquer India.
It is interesting to note, that the Nazis developed the first practical pulse-jet engines for their V-8 rocket "buzz bombs." Hitler and the Nazi staff were exceptionally interested in ancient India and Tibet and sent expeditions to both these places yearly, starting in the 30?s, in order to gather esoteric evidence that they did so, and perhaps it was from these people that the Nazis gained some of their scientific information! According to the Dronaparva, part of the Mahabarata, and the Ramayana, one Vimana described was shaped like a sphere and born along at great speed on a mighty wind generated by mercury.
It moved like a UFO, going up, down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, the Samar, Vimanas were,
"iron machines, well-knit and smooth, with a charge of mercury that shot out of the back in the form of a roaring flame."
Another work called the Samaranganasutradhara describes how the vehicles were constructed. It is possible that mercury did have something to do with the propulsion, or more possibly, with the guidance system. Curiously, Soviet scientists have discovered what they call "age-old instruments used in navigating cosmic vehicles" in caves in Turkestan and the Gobi Desert.
The "devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside. It is evident that ancient Indians flew around in these vehicles, all over Asia, to Atlantis presumably; and even, apparently, to South America. Writings found at Mohenjodaro in Pakistan (presumed to be one of the "Seven Rishi Cities of the Rama Empire") and still undeciphered, has also been found in one other place in the world: Easter Island! Writing on Easter Island, called Rongo-Rongo writing, is also undeciphered, and is uncannily similar to the Mohenjodaro script.
In the Mahavira of Bhavabhuti, a Jain text of the eighth century culled from older texts and traditions, we read:
"An aerial chariot, the Pushpaka, conveys many people to the capital of Ayodhya. The sky is full of stupendous flying-machines, dark as night, but picked out by lights with a yellowish glare"
The Vedas, ancient Hindu poems, thought to be the oldest of all the Indian texts, describe Vimanas of various shapes and sizes: the "ahnihotra-vimana" with two engines, the "elephant-vimana" with more engines, and other types named after the kingfisher, ibis and other animals.
Unfortunately, Vimanas, like most scientific discoveries, were ultimately used for war. Atlanteans used their flying machines, "Vailixi," a similar type of aircraft, to literally try and subjugate the world, it would seem, if Indian texts are to be believed. The Atlanteans, known as "Asvins" in the Indian writings, were apparently even more advanced technologically than the Indians, and certainly of a more war-like temperament.
Although no ancient texts on Atlantean Vailixi are known to exist, some information has come down through esoteric, "occult" sources which describe their flying machines. Similar, if not identical to Vimanas, Vailixi were generally "cigar shaped" and had the capability of maneuvering underwater as well as in the atmosphere or even outer space. Other vehicles, like Vimanas, were saucer shaped, and could apparently also be submerged.
According to Eklal Kueshana, author of "The Ultimate Frontier," in an article he wrote in 1966, Vailixi were first developed in Atlantis 20,000 years ago, and the most common ones are,
"saucershaped of generally trapezoidal cross-section with three hemispherical engine pods on the underside."
"They use a mechanical antigravity device driven by engines developing approximately 80,000 horse power."
The Ramayana, Mahabarata and other texts speak of the hideous war that took place, some ten or twelve thousand years ago between Atlantis and Rama using weapons of destruction that could not be imagined by readers until the second half of this century. The ancient Mahabharata, one of the sources on Vimanas, goes on to tell the awesome destructiveness of the war:
"...(the weapon was) a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe."
3000 BC Wandjina, Kimberley - Australie266 views