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Ryan Robert Mitchell
Anarchism in Armenia
Armenia has long been contested and subjugated by two regional and competing powers, Russia and the Ottoman empire. The revolutionary nationalist movement was formed in Armenia in the absence of any liberal parliamentary movement that sought to represent Armenian interests. In fact, after decades of alternate subjugation to Russian or Ottoman power, the majority of Armenians trusted neither the bourgeoisie nor the Armenian Church, who they saw as colluding with their oppressors. It is in this environment that radical nationalist movements were formed in Armenia.
The Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun or Armenian Revolutionary Federation (most commonly known as either the Dashnaktsutiun or Dashnak Party) was founded in Tbilisi in1890 as both an outgrowth of and response to the sterile scientific socialism of the social democratic Hunchak (Alarm Bell) Party that had been formed three years earlier in Geneva, and was at that point Armenia's sole political party.
Premised on the idea that socialism would be the best way to mobilize the worker population who were horrified by Ottoman oppression and massacres, the Dashnaktsutiun was a loose federation that attracted socialist revolutionaries, national liberationists, and social democrats. Lacking any ideological coherence, the party was defined by the objective of liberation rather than ideology. Unlike the earlier Hunchak Party, which defined national liberation as separate from social liberation, the Dashnaks defined liberation in terms of a people rather than territory. It was important, then, for the Dashnak Party to also appeal to Muslim and Turkish people, both of whom they saw as being oppressed by despotic Ottoman rulers.
Early in its founding, the Dashnak Party had a strong anarchist contingent and its best known figure was Alexander Atabekian (1868–ca. 1940?). Atabekian extensively published Russian and Armenian language publications as part of the Armenian expatriate anarchist communities of Geneva, London, and Paris. In 1894, while in Paris working on his medical degree, he began publishing the Armenian language anarchist journal Hamayankh (Commune), which detailed the Ottoman massacres and the Armenian resistance against them.
Beyond being a publisher, Atabekian would later serve as Peter Kropotkin's personal physician and was at the latter's side when he died in 1921. Atabekian's own fate is unknown since there is no record of his death or of his activities after 1921. It is likely that he perished in the Soviet purging of political dissidents.
By the turn of the century, anarchist presence within the Dashnak Party had effectively disappeared as the party became fractured and increasingly authoritarian – something Atabekian had earlier expressed concern about in the Hamayankh journal. Outside of anarchocommunist activities in 1905 in industrial cities like Tbilisi, Kutaisi, and Baku, any major anarchist presence in Armenia effectively ended in this era due to increased tsarist (and later Soviet) repression and the subsequent Ottoman genocide.
In an ironic turn of events, after Armenia gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the Dashnaktsutiun reformed as a right-wing nationalist party supporting authoritarian post-independence regimes. In 2005 the new Dashnak Party was involved in the persecution of members of the anarchist network Autonomous Action, which sought to expose irregularities in the electoral process.
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS
Karapetian, G. (2007) Armenian History in Anarchist Perspective. Available at http://azat. wordpress.com/2007/02/07/the-anarchisthistoriography-of-armenian-people/#more-25 (accessed April 1, 2008).
Libaridian, G. J. (1996) Revolution and Liberation in the 1892 and 1907 Programs of the Dashnaktsutiun. In R. G. Suny (Ed.), Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Selbuz, C. (2006) Biography of Armenian Anarchist Alexander Atabekian. Trans. Deniz Keskin. Abolishing the Borders From Below 25 (July).
Suny, R. G. (Ed.) (1996a) Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Suny, R. G. (1996b) Nationalism and Social Class in the Russian Revolution: The Cases of Baku and Tiflis. In R. G. Suny (Ed.), Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Ter-Minassian, A. (1996) Nationalism and Socialism in the Armenian Revolutionary Movement (1887–1912). In R. G. Suny (Ed.), Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Retrieved on 22nd November 2021 from onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Published in The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest.


The Veil is a modern/medieval fantasy mash up where the players are welcome to be… well… anything really!
Earth and Yrimar have been separated by a magical barrier known as The Veil; after many years of keeping the world of magic and the world of science separate The Veil has begun to fracture, its magic has begun to wane though the reasons behind this remain unknown. Creatures of all shapes and sizes have begun to trickle through to Earth side and vice versa when rips in The Veil randomly appear… unfortunately now there's a permanent one in Singapore that leads to the continent of Belacia.
So why not come and join us? Become an Elven mage and work with the special Police Unit Earthside dealing with those coming through The Veil, become a normal human and stumble into a cavern full of Ogres in Yrimar. Be whoever/whatever you want to be. Try to restore The Veil's magic or even destroy it completely. Bonds to other creatures are also available – come with a Bond already made or discover your true other half when you arrive!


• Purpose: Think about what you are trying to accomplish with the video or digital story. Are you trying to tell a story, get other people interested in your program or issue, or use the video to help with program evaluation?
• Measurement: Consider how you will know if you are meeting your goal. How will you assess or evaluate your outcomes?


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Report: The State of E-Commerce Integration 2020 » Download Today
E-Commerce Times > Internet
Smart devices, the cornerstone of the home of the future, can't seem to capture the imagination or open the wallets of a large number of Americans. Some 46.7 million broadband households aren't ready to buy a smart home device, according to a survey released this week by Parks Associates, a market research and consulting company specializing in consumer technology products.
For the majority of consumers, cutting the cable TV cord is a mixed bag for a variety of reasons. The big misconception is that you will drastically lower your cable bill. That is not the case unless you can also pickup free TV reception from an antenna. Otherwise, you will need to use a video streaming service to help lower your costs.
Study Finds Best US Mobile Internet Connectivity in Northeast
Eight of the top 10 states for mobile Internet coverage are in the Northeast, according to an analysis released by consumer product and services comparison website WhistleOut. However, the best mobile Internet coverage isn't in a state at all -- but in the District of Columbia. To rank the states, 75 percent of the score was based on median mobile download speeds and 25 percent by 5G coverage.
FTC Demands Social Media Firms' User Data, Harvesting Tactics
The Federal Trade Commission seeks to obtain information on how many users certain social media companies have, how active the users are, what the companies know about them, how they got that information, and what steps the companies take to continue to engage users. The FTC also is gathering information on the companies' business models and how they target children and families.
Two new Web browsing alternatives widen the field of browser choices for Linux users. The recent introduction of Microsoft Edge for Linux, and the Dec. 8 release of Vivaldi version 3.5 offer the freedom to experience a Google-free vehicle to navigate the Internet. Edge on Linux has the potential for widespread adoption. Proprietary Vivaldi is already well established on Linux and other platforms.
The Costly Consequences of Crashes in the Clouds
Downtime can cost enterprises that depend solely on a data center's ability to deliver IT and networking services to customers -- such as e-commerce companies -- up to $11,000 a minute. The cost to businesses, entrepreneurs and individuals who use subscription services in their work has yet to be calculated.
Smart Device Life Cycles Can Pull the Plug on Security
The use of smart and connected devices promises to make our lives easier, but it might also give their manufacturers greater control over our lives. Some companies offering smart devices, including Google, Belkin, and Best Buy have killed off their smart device product lines without warning, leaving consumers in the lurch.
New Internet Protocol Aims to Give Users Control of Their Digital Identities
The @ Company wants to give you a more secure and human-centric Internet built on providing you with true ownership and control of your personal data. To that end, the company has launched an app built on its new privacy protocol. This new standard will attempt to change how online vendors and companies wheel and deal with the personal information of billions of Internet users.
Social Media Upstart Parler Tops App Store Charts
A social media platform that bills itself as a "non-biased, free speech" alternative to outfits like Twitter and Facebook has seen a surge in interest in its mobile app over the last week that culminated Sunday in it becoming the top free app at the Apple App Store. According to Fox Business, the Parler app has been downloaded 310,000 times in the last week alone.
The Pros and Cons of Dedicated Internet Access
Although DIA can have a steep price tag and some installation complexity, most companies will opt for a dedicated connection at offices or data centers with mission-critical operations. Let's explore the benefits of a DIA circuit, as well as some potential considerations and drawbacks, to help determine if dedicated Internet is something your business should consider.
A Momentous Week for 4 Tech Vendors
Powerful events and product launches by Cisco, Lenovo, Microsoft, and Qualcomm promise to make our future brighter. From more effective courts and legislators, to flexible and intelligent robots, to tools we can use to improve remote productivity, to validation that our justice system works -- last week was remarkable.
Some Smart Home Devices Headed to the 'Brick' Yard
The demand for smart home devices is projected to grow steadily over the next few years. Nonetheless, consumers should think carefully before making a purchase due to a trend of manufacturers phasing out "smart" products. While it does not look good when a smart device maker abandons a product line, these actions are far from random.
Zoom Beefs Up User Security With End-To-End Encryption
Zoom gave its users a big security upgrade Monday when it rolled out end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network. E2EE puts control of the keys for scrambling data in the hands of meeting organizers. Before the E2EE rollout, encryption was done on Zoom's servers, where someone with access to those servers could intercept the data. When used correctly, E2EE can make it difficult for even the best-resourced intelligence agencies to eavesdrop on communication.
DoJ to Google: Try This Antitrust Suit on for Size
Google found itself in the crosshairs of government regulators Tuesday as the U.S. Justice Department filed a civil lawsuit against the tech giant for unlawfully maintaining a monopoly in online search services and in search advertising. "This is a monumental case for the Department of Justice and, more importantly, for the American consumer," U.S. Attorney General William P. Barr said in a statement.
Aussies Mull State-Run Alternative to Facebook, Google
A warning by Facebook and Google that they may have to curb service to Australia if a controversial law takes effect this year has the Aussies reviewing their options, including setting up a publicly-funded social network. The idea was floated in a report titled "Tech-Xit: Can Australia survive without Google and Facebook?"
The Big Tech Regulation Rigamarole
The Big Tech companies have arguably done what they want over the years, arousing consumer anger and distrust, and numerous complaints by privacy and consumer rights groups. That includes cocking a snook at governments. While all of the Big Tech firms have been hit with multimillion-dollar fines at one time or another, many argue that's a drop in the bucket for companies that rake in billions of dollars annually.
Microsoft Hones Edge in Time for Holiday Shopping
Microsoft has aggressively updated its new Chromium version of the Edge browser with several features that should help you find gifts and save money while remaining safer on the web. Let's talk about these improvements to Edge this week, and we'll close with a new notebook from Gateway, which appears to have the near-perfect blend of size, price, and performance for our new COVID-19 normal.
G Suite Rebranded as Google Workspace
Google has announced its rebranding of G Suite as Google Workspace, along with its newly integrated desktop environment that is designed for enhanced collaboration and communications, marking its latest bid to challenge Microsoft 365. Google Cloud officials said the Workspace environment will create a new user experience that integrates meetings, docs, messaging and tasks in a more productive, secure and collaborative environment.
Zoom's Got Game for Poker Players
Welcome to the new phenomenon of playing Zoom poker. It is a novel idea that is catching on as the pandemic continues. The video platform has become a popular solution for friends who miss their regular in-person poker games. It adds the missing element of banter and social interactions that playing cards and other table games alone on a computer just cannot provide.
Virtual Travel Marketing's Cure for Wanderlust
While many people have been stuck at home during the pandemic, virtual travel marketing has emerged to help fill the void felt by those who yearn for faraway places. The E-Commerce Times caught up with some virtual travel experts to discover how they're using various technologies to give folks the opportunity to explore the world without leaving their homes.
Cybersecurity Conundrum: Who's Responsible for Securing IoT Networks?
Surely spurred by the work-from-home necessities of 2020, people have connected a multitude of non-business devices to their corporate networks, making it progressively difficult to implement cybersecurity because every device is a potential weak point. So, who will ultimately be responsible for cybersecurity of an IoT network?
Cloud Gaming Revenues to Soar to $12B by 2025
According to gaming experts, 2021 is shaping up to be a big year for cloud gaming. When markets grow, it can be at the expense of others in the market. That won't be the case for cloud gaming, at least for the next five years. A proliferation of cloud gaming services will be launched next year, which is projected to brighten the sector's revenue picture.
Microsoft Surface Duo: Rethinking the Smartphone
For many of us a phone should predominantly be a way to communicate and aid productivity, as opposed to being a device of distractions. Though we communicate far differently these days, and the apps we use to communicate seem to prefer larger screens. This brings us to Microsoft's Surface Duo, which has twin screens and is very different from the foldable phones with which it will compete.
Credential Harvesting Attacks Take Aim at Video Meeting Apps
Users of video conference tools should be aware of the growing risk of impersonation attacks. Cybercriminals are capitalizing on the exponential increase of users turning to Zoom and other platforms to collaborate across work and friend networks. Researchers have identified attacks stemming from Australia, Germany, the U.S. and elsewhere.
OpenEEW Formed to Expedite Earthquake Warning Systems
A new coalition is building a low-cost solution to save lives in earthquake-threatened regions, rather than garnishing a profit from a new early-warning system. OpenEEW is an open-source IoT project with the goal to save lives by reducing the cost of earthquake early-warning systems and accelerating their deployments globally.
5 Cloud Computing Trends in 2020 and Beyond
Cloud technology has matured substantially during the past 15 years, and now a paradigm shift is taking place, away from legacy in-house IT business services, to a cloud-first technology-driven agile workplace. Here are five trends in cloud computing for organizations to consider when plotting an IT infrastructure strategy.
Anatomy of Failure: Why It's Problematic That Zuckerberg Is the Least Trusted Big Tech CEO
Last week we ran a survey asking people which of the CEOs that were questioned by Congress last month is the most trustworthy. Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg took the dubious prize for last place. Tim Cook of Apple was voted the most trustworthy. There shouldn't be any competition; Facebook has the tools and information access to assure it is beloved. Yet Apple, which doesn't have anywhere near that level of reach nor engagement, has a far better image. Let's talk about ironic incompetence.
Amazon Clears FCC Hurdle to Satellite Network
Amazon has cleared a major regulatory hurdle in its quest to deliver Internet service to unserved and underserved areas of the earth. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission has approved, with some conditions, Amazon's Kuiper Project, a US$10 billion low-orbit constellation made up of more than 3,000 satellites.
Fun Seekers Revel at Virtual Parties
Though initially isolating, the coronavirus pandemic has spawned a whole new world of digital parties and get-togethers. People stuck at home are finding innovative ways to socialize, participating in everything from virtual beer tastings to online book club meetings. While the event landscape has been permanently altered by this shift, people and businesses continue to develop new ways of having fun.
See More Articles in Internet Section >>
2021: The Year of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
AdGuard Home: Another Brick in the Ad-Blocking Wall

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Most Common Questions about iOS
iOS For Beginners
What Is iOS
A Brief History Of iOS' Name
iOS Versions
iOS Architecture
iOS Developer Program
Data Recovery On iOS
iOS is an operating system for mobile devices created and developed by Apple Inc. for its hardware. Originally launched in 2007 for the iPhone, Apple Inc. extended it to other Apple devices. At present it is the operating system for the iPhone, the iPad and the iPod touch. The latest iOS version is iOS 12.1, released on October 30, 2018.
As of 2017, by sales, it is the second most popular operating system after Android, and there has been more than 178 million apps for iOS downloads.
Most apps have been developed in Objective C. However in 2014 Apple released a new language named Swift, which may replace Objective C in the future. Originally proprietary, Swift is now open source under Apache license since version 2.2.
Steve Jobs released the new operating system for the iPhone in 2007. He called it "iPhone runs on OS X", even though it was a variant of the Mac OS. His idea was that the iPhone should rely on web apps that behave like native apps.
In 2008 Apple renamed it as iPhone OS. Later in 2011, Apple rebranded it as iOS, to reflect the fact that it was used not only on cell phones but in other mobile devices as well. So, what does iOS stand for? i – indicates Apple line of products, and OS – stands for operating system.
Main versions are released annually. The latest iOS version is iOS 12.1, and it was released on October 30, 2018.
Previous versions are still in the market. Their market share as of November 7, 2018, and based on Apple Stores sales is: iOS 12 – 64%, iOS 11 – 24%, iOS 10 – 5%, iOS 9 – 6%, iOS 8, iOS7, iOS 6 and earlier 1%.
Each version contributed towards iOS updates. For example iOS-7 introduced a new multitasking feature, which enables apps to do background updates. Apple iOS 8 introduced widgets to manage notifications, and iOS 9 introduced San Francisco, a new font designed for maximum legibility in mobile devices. Apple iOS 10 introduced a split in the Control Center into 3 pages, one for general settings, one for audio control, and one for Home Kit appliances control. iOS 11 introduces subtle design changes to interface elements throughout the operating system. Text is bolder, apps like Calculator and Phone have a new look, and the Lock screen and Control Center have been entirely redesigned. iOS 12 focuses on performance and quality improvements, along with new features like Memoji, Screen Time, Group FaceTime, and more.
The iOS is based on the XNU Kernel of Darwin. iOS 6 uses version 16, iOS-7 and Apple iOS 8 use version 8, iOS 9 uses version 15, iOS 10 is based on Darwin 16, iOS 11 is based on Darwin 17, iOS 12 is based on Darwin 18.
iOS 12 is divided into four layers: Core OS, Core Services, Media, and Cocoa Touch Layer. In total, it requires 2.24 GB of memory.
The iOS Developer Program is a system whereby third-party developers can create apps for iOS and test them by using Apple's Software Development Kit (SDK), by paying an annual fee of US $ 99. Thus, for example, through this program developers can put their apps for iOS 8 download in the Apple Store.
This program has been available since 2008, after the release of the SDK on March 8, 2008. The SDK is a platform for iPhone and iPod touch development. It includes an iPhone simulator.
Later, on July 20, 2011, Apple released Xcode on its Mac Apps Store. The Xcode is free for all OS X Lion users. It is a platform for iOS and OS X development. However, to test the application, the developers must still pay an iPhone Developer fee or a Mac Development Program fee, both at US $ 99.00 each.
By paying the fee, developers can sell their apps through the Apple Store, or offer the apps for free. Developers are allowed to set the price, with Apple keeping 30% of the sale.
It is quite common to lose files unintentionally. The reasons can vary: an unintended deletion, a system failure, a software update, and many more. To make things worse, sometimes there is no backup available.
Fortunately, there is an application named Disk Drill, and it is available for free from our website.
The software is available in more than 10 languages, including English, Turkish, Korean, Taiwanese, Arabic, and Malaysian. It is very user friendly, it caters for OS X and iOS devices, and it has received good comments from users.
Frequently Asked Questions about iOS Devices
How to Restore iPhone or iPad Lost Data after Jailbreaking
What You Should Know about Apple TV Recovery Methods
What You Should Know about iPhone Data Recovery Process
Everything You Need to Know about Apple Keyboard Generation
Tips on How to Put iPhone into Recovery Mode
How to Quickly Delete Multiple Contacts on iPhone…
All the Most Important about the New iPhone 7


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Diabetes >
Diabetes diet and obesity
Updated 08 February 2017
Yoghurt and cheese linked to lower diabetes risk
Eating yoghurt and low-fat cheese can cut the risk of developing diabetes by around a quarter compared with consuming none.
Eating yoghurt and low-fat cheese can cut the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by around a quarter compared with consuming none, according to a study of 3 500 Britons.
The evidence comes from a long-term health survey of men and women living in the eastern county of Norfolk, whose eating and drinking habits were detailed at the start of the investigation.
Read: Diabetes and diet – the basics
Fermented dairy products
During the study's 11-year span, 753 people in the group developed type 2 diabetes.
Read: Low-fat dairy lowers stroke risk
Those who ate low-fat fermented dairy products a category that includes yoghurts, fromage frais and low-fat cottage cheese were 24% less likely to develop the disease compared to counterparts who ate none of these products.
When examined separately from the other low-fat dairy products, yoghurt by itself was associated with a 28% reduced risk.
People in this category ate on average four and a half standard 125-gram (4.4-ounce) pots of yoghurt each week.
Those who ate yoghurt for a snack, instead of a packet of crisps, had a whopping 47% reduction in the probability of developing diabetes.
Only low-fat, fermented dairy products were associated with the fall in risk. Consumption of high-fat fermented products, and of milk, had no impact.
The research, published in the specialist journal Diabetologia, was not designed to probe why eating low-fat fermented dairy products appears to be so beneficial.
One future line of inquiry is whether the impact comes from probiotic bacteria and a special form of Vitamin K they contain, according to the paper, headed by Nita Forouhi, an epidemiologist at the University of Cambridge.
Read: Safety of probiotics
"At a time when we have a lot of other evidence that consuming high amounts of certain foods, such as added sugars and sugary drinks, is bad for our health, it is very reassuring to have messages about other foods like yoghurt and low-fat fermented dairy products that could be good for our health," said Forouhi.
The study took into account factors such as obesity and a family history of diabetes that could potentially skew the results.
But, its authors acknowledged, it also had a limitation.
Volunteers' eating habits were recorded in exacting detail at the start of the study but this information was not updated during the ensuing 11 years. So it was unknown if or how they changed their diet over this time.
6 diabetes myths debunked
Dishing up the facts on diabetes
Fatty meals inflammatory to diabetics
Diabetes expert
Dr. May currently works as a fulltime endocrinologist and has been in private practice since 2004. He has a variety of interests, predominantly obesity and diabetes, but also sees patients with osteoporosis, thyroid disorders, men's health disorders, pituitary and adrenal disorders, polycystic ovaries, and disorders of growth. He is a leading member of several obesity and diabetes societies and runs a trial centre for new drugs.
Questions posted to Diabetes expert
Q: Diabetes-related injuries
Q: Foot ulcer concern
Q: Can too much fruit consumption cause diabetes?
Q: Blood sugar without bedtime snacks
Q: Will research find the herb To cure diabetes!?
Q: Tingling feet
Q: Can I get a pancreas transplant?
Q: Mouth bleeds with clots look-alike
Q: Sugar-addict struggling with poor vision
Q: Depression and diabetes
Q: Pre-diabetic and infections
Q: Safely change to long acting Abasaglar insulin at night
Q: I have type 2 diabetes.
Q: I am 35 years old.
Q: Iam about to run out of novomix30 and can only purchase Novorapid here in Sierra Leone,is this safe to do
Do processed foods up your type 2 diabetes risk?
'Diabetes burnout' is real - here's how to cope
Is diabetes more deadly for women than men?
More on Diabetes
Diet and obesity
Blood glucose monitoring
Diabetes and the elderly
Assess your diabetes risk »
Diabetes and diet check »
A snapshot of diabetes in SA


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Wouldn't it be simpler for the USA to not legalise so-called medical marijuana and so-called recreational pot?
Wouldn't it be simpler for the USA to not legalise so-called medical marijuana and so-called recreational pot? (drug taking is not recreational !). Freely available marijuana will lead to more use by youth and research has shown that 10% of users will need treatment for addiction and mental health issues. 10% of a larger number of users will result in a larger number requiring treatment – with the inevitable increase in financial costs of treatment.
ACLU Calls Legislature's Plans to Raid Pot Taxes "Dangerously Shortsighted and Unwise"
Pot Tax
In 2012, voters approved spending marijuana taxes on public health. Now, Republicans and Democrats want to grab that cash for other needs.
Budget negotiations in the state legislature are not going well. House Democrats want taxes; Senate Republicans don't.
Now, Republicans are telling Democrats to hand their tax proposals over to the Republican-controlled senate (where leaders promise no new taxes) before the two sides start negotiating. As the Seattle Times reports, the Democrats are like, uh, no thanks.
So negotiations are stalled and a special session seems likely.
One of the many efforts that hangs in the balance is the Republican-controlled senate's plan to raid almost $300 million in expected marijuana tax revenue to pay for K-12 education. (House Democrats also want that money. Their budget keeps most of the 2012 initiative's earmarks, but redirects some of them to non-marijuana-related needs like life skills training in schools and home visitation programs for new parents.) As I've explained before, marijuana tax dollars are—according to the initiative 56 percent of Washington voters supported in 2012—supposed to pay for public health efforts, like drug use prevention, treatment, research, public education campaigns about using marijuana safely, and healthcare. Not only does diverting those funds run counter to the vision of public-health-focused legalization that was sold to the voters. It also has some experts worried about negative impacts on public health.
In its second letter to lawmakers this month, the ACLU of Washington is joined by a long list of substance abuse prevention advocates in pleading with legislators to stop trying to snatch marijuana tax revenues to balance their budgets.
"Using I-502-earmarked funds to fill a budget hole now is dangerously shortsighted and unwise from both a public health and a cost-benefit perspective," the group writes. "Reduced funding for prevention and drug education programs today means increased substance abuse tomorrow, which translates directly to lost productivity and more health care costs down the line. The increased costs of these outcomes in the years to come will make today's supposed savings pale by comparison."
The letter also points out a recent University of Washington survey of 115 low-income families of teens attending Tacoma middle schools, in which only 57 percent of parents knew the legal age for consumption and 63 percent knew home grows are illegal.
"To combat this misinformation," the letter reads, "the legislature must invest in prevention and drug education, which is known to work—for example, youth initiation of tobacco use was cut in half when tobacco litigation settlement dollars went to prevention programs.Now is not the time to cut funding for programs that prevent marijuana use and abuse by youth."
Here are the guys who wrote the senate budget plan, which redirects almost all of the tax revenue: Republican Andy Hill (andy.hill@leg.wa.gov) and Democrat Jim Hargrove (jim.hargrove@leg.wa.gov).
And here are those who sponsored the house proposal, which is less dramatic in its redirecting, but still opposed by the ACLU: Ross Hunter (ross.hunter@leg.wa.gov), Timm Ormsby (timm.ormsby@leg.wa.gov), Pat Sullivan (pat.sullivan@leg.wa.gov), Mia Gregerson (mia.gregerson@leg.wa.gov), Chris Reykdal (chris.reykdal@leg.wa.gov).
Here's the full letter:
Re: Reallocation of Initiative-502 tax revenue in SSB 6062/SSB 5077 and 2SHB 2136/SHB 1106
Dear Lawmakers,
The undersigned organizations and individuals, representing Washington State's substance abuse prevention, treatment, and public health communities, along with the ACLU of Washington, are greatly concerned about legislation currently under consideration that seeks to reallocate earmarked tax revenue in Initiative 502 (I-502). Diverting these funds would directly contradict the will of Washington voters, who made it clear in passing I-502 that they wanted a well-regulated and public health-oriented approach to marijuana policy rather than just legalization without more. And these funds provide resources for substance abuse prevention and treatment programming, drug education for youth and adults, community health care services, academic research, and evaluation, all of which are currently grossly underfunded.
Reallocating money from I-502's original earmarks defies the will of Washington's voters. By eliminating the Dedicated Marijuana Fund, the relevant Senate proposals, SSB 6062 and SSB 5077, would effectively eliminate I-502's earmarks, ignoring the Initiative's intent to "[g]enerate[] new … tax revenue for … health care, research, and substance abuse prevention." Initiative 502 (2012), Part I – Intent – available athttp://www.newapproachwa.org/sites/newapproachwa.org/files/I-502%20bookmarked.pdf. The House proposals, 2SHB 2136 and SHB 1106, are not as sweeping as the Senate's, but would still redirect money away from prevention programs to other non-marijuana-related programs. In moving forward with this cash grab, the legislature would be risking the interests and health of both Washington's youth and its adults—the former would not get the benefit of participating in evidence-based prevention programs, and the latter will not get sufficient education about risky marijuana use. Neither is a good outcome for Washington. I-502 won by a large margin, receiving almost 56% support, and won in 20 of Washington's 39 counties (including 5 east of the Cascades)—the legislature should respect the clearly expressed will of Washington's voters.
Using I-502-earmarked funds to fill a budget hole now is dangerously shortsighted and unwise from both a public health and a cost-benefit perspective. Reduced funding for prevention and drug education programs today means increased substance abuse tomorrow, which translates directly to lost productivity and more health care costs down the line. The increased costs of these outcomes in the years to come will make today's supposed savings pale by comparison.
As the Washington State Institute for Public Policy has shown repeatedly, the benefits from evidence-based public health/prevention and substance programs far outweigh the costs. WSIPP – Benefit-Cost Results – available at http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/BenefitCost
Washington voters also enacted a measure that was to have been robustly evaluated by the Washington State Institute for Public Policy. RCW 69.50.550 Independent, reliable cost-benefit evaluation of the impacts of I-502 is critical to ensuring the legislature has solid data to inform future decisions about funding priorities that protect and promote public health and safety. SSB 6062 repeals the provisions mandating and funding these evaluations, which is unwise from a policy and public health perspective. Under the Senate proposal, funding for marijuana related research at the University of Washington and Washington State University would also be cut.
I-502 is still a new law and the general public is unfamiliar with its features—making this a crucial time for public education about the law. According to research from the University of Washington, "only 57 percent of Washington parents surveyed knew the legal age for recreational marijuana use." UW Today, Deborah Bach, Study Shows Teens and Adults Hazy on Washington Marijuana Law, March 9, 2015, available athttp://www.washington.edu/news/2015/03/09/study-shows-teens-and-adults-hazy-on-washington-marijuana-law/. One of the study's authors indicated it "convincingly points out that people don't have good information about the new law." Id. To combat this misinformation, the legislature must invest in prevention and drug education, which is known to work—for example, youth initiation of tobacco use was cut in half when tobacco litigation settlement dollars went to prevention programs. Now is not the time to cut funding for programs that prevent marijuana use and abuse by youth.
Lawmakers should not defy the will of the voters by reallocating I-502 tax revenue away from substance abuse prevention and treatment programming, drug education for youth and adults, community health care services, academic research, and evaluation. Please leave I-502's critical earmarks intact.
Carolyn Bernhard, Co-Chair, Prevention Works in Seattle Coalition
Kimberlee R. Brackett, President and CEO Science and Management of Addictions (SAMA)
Julie Campbell, Director, Ballard Coalition
Mark Cooke, Campaign Policy Director, ACLU of Washington
Brittany Rhoades Cooper, PhD Assistant Professor, Human Development, Graduate Faculty in Prevention Science, Extension Specialist, Washington State University
Shelley Cooper-Ashford, Executive Director, Center for MultiCultural Health
Josh Daniel, Content Inventions
Norilyn de la Pena, concerned parent, Federal Way
Aileen De Leon, Executive Director, WAPI Community Services
Rep. Mary Lou Dickerson (ret.), Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
Dennis M. Donovan, Ph.D., Member, Board of Directors, Science and Management of Addictions (SAMA) Foundation
Sinivia Driggers, President, Samoan Nurses of Washington
Derek Franklin, Washington Association for Abuse & Violence Prevention (WASAVP)
Tracie Friedman, Youth Program Volunteer, Lau Khmu Association of Seattle
John Gahagan, Vice Chair, Science and Management of Addictions (SAMA) Foundation
Mike Graham-Squire, Washington Association for Abuse & Violence Prevention (WASAVP)
Gary Goldbaum, MD, MPH, Snohomish County Health Officer & Director
Kevin Haggerty, MSW, Ph.D., Director, Social Development Research Group
Mona T. Han, Executive Director, Coalition for Refugees from Burma
Patty Hayes, Interim Director, Public Health-Seattle & King County
Laura G. Hill, Professor and Chair, Department of Human Development, Interim Director of the Prevention Science PhD program, Washington State University
Alison Holcomb, National Director, Campaign to End Mass Incarceration at ACLU
Renee Hunter, Executive Director, Chelan-Douglas TOGETHER for Youth
Elaine Ishihara, Director, APICAT for Healthy Communities
Mark Johnson, Johnson Flora, Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
Ramona Leber, Washington Association for Abuse & Violence Prevention (WASAVP)
Priscilla Lisicich, Executive Director, Safe Streets Campaign – Pierce County
Inga Manskopf, Prevention WINS coalition member
Marcos Martinez, Executive Director, Entre Hermanos
John L. McKay, Visiting Professor of Law Seattle University, Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
Michael McKee, Health Services & Community Partnership Director,
International Community Health Services
Delton Mosby, Mental Health and Chemical Dependency Professional, Therapeutic Health Services
Sal Mungia, Gordon Thomas Honeywell, Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
Adrienne Quinn, Director, Department of Community and Human Services, King County
Roger Roffman, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, School of Social Work, University of Washington
Andrew J. Saxon, MD, Science and Management of Addictions (SAMA) Board Chair, Professor Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
Lorena Silva, community member, Yakima Valley
Rick Steves, Guidebook author and travel TV host, Rick Steves' Europe, Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
Jennifer Stuber, Associate Professor, University of Washington
Val Thomas-Matson, Program Manager, Health King County Coalition
Linda J. Thompson, Executive Director, Greater Spokane Substance Abuse Council (GSSAC)
Leslie R. Walker, MD, Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington Department of Pediatrics & Seattle Children's Hospital
Paul Weatherly, Bellevue College Alcohol/Drug Counseling Program
Leondra Weiss, Nurse Manager, Harborview Women's Clinic
Robert W. Wood, M.D., Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Washington, Initiative 502 Co-Sponsor
The Washington State Psychiatric Association
Filed under: Political Sector,USA :


Key Point 6-07.03 Church board members have a fiduciary duty to use reasonable care in the discharge of their duties, and they may be personally liable for damages resulting from their failure to do so.
The North Carolina Supreme Court ruled that it was barred by the First Amendment from resolving a complaint by church members that their pastor and two other church officials had breached their fiduciary duties by improperly using church funds. An independent church hired a new pastor. Shortly after being installed, the pastor began recommending various changes in church government. At a congregational meeting, the members approved a new set of bylaws for the church. The bylaws created an internal governing body, the "council for ministry," with broad authority to manage the business and affairs of the church. Some members expressed concern over the changes. On several occasions they requested access to the church's financial records, but were denied. Some of the concerned members (the plaintiffs) asked a court to compel the church to honor their request to inspect church records pursuant to the authority vested in them by the state nonprofit corporation law. A court ordered the church to turn over the documents the plaintiffs requested. After reviewing the documents, the plaintiffs believed that church funds had been misappropriated by the pastor, a church secretary, and the chairman of the board of trustees (the defendants). The plaintiffs, on behalf of the church, sued the defendants alleging conversion of funds, breach of fiduciary duty, and civil conspiracy. The plaintiffs sought a return of the disputed funds and punitive damages. The defendants asked the church to dismiss the lawsuit on the ground that it involved internal church matters that were beyond the jurisdiction of a civil court. The court declined to dismiss the case, and the defendants appealed.
Good budgeting will help your church stay financially healthy.


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Project lead behind $2.8 billion DEX Sushiswap is set to step down
by Frank Chaparro
September 17, 2021, 6:30AM EDT · 1 min read
An anonymous leader at decentralized exchange protocol Sushiswap — Maki — is set to step aside from his position with the project, according to a well-placed source.
Sushiswap gatecrashed the so-called decentralized finance space last summer, piggybacking on the success of predecessors like Uniswap. DEXes provide a way for crypto traders to swap tokens peer-to-peer. Such venues have seen their volumes surge over the last year as traders flock to platforms with less regulatory oversight and more tokens than centralized counterparts.
It is not exactly clear why Maki — who effectively is the most important person in the Sushi ecosystem — is leaving. Decentralized networks are governed by a community of participants versus a corporate board and can have an impact on the makeup of protocol leadership.
Maki's address has been removed from the operations multisig, indicated by this transaction on the blockchain, but not the treasury multisig.
Volumes on Sushiswap have leveled off after surging in May 2021. In August, the protocol saw traders swap $10.2 billion worth of tokens.
At last check, Sushi was trading at more than $14.63 per token. It's up more than 850.4% over the last year, according to data from CoinGecko. The firm has a market capitalization above $2.8 billion.


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How is Brexit going to affect produce imports?
by Jack Flanagan | Sep 2, 2019 | Food, Hospitality, Restaurants
A stroll through Borough Market is like a stroll through a European food fair. Olives from Puglia; cheeses from Calabria, Piedmont and Burgundy; and Parma ham from Parma. Flavours and aromas from Italian and French dishes mix with Turkish and Austrian ones.
Traders at the market can afford to sell such a wild array of foods from across the continent because the EU's policy around free movement of goods means that import is often no more expensive than the cost of the petrol it takes to go get it. The lack of import taxation means that restaurants, big and small, can get the produce they want for a good price.
So, of course, with Brexit incoming, there may be serious disruption to this way of working.
Higher costs and a more complex (or, in short-term, poorly defined) bureaucracy will make it more difficult to bring produce into the country.
And these imports are the lifeblood of many businesses in Britain: the UK only makes about half of the food it eats (or chucks away), and 50% of what we imports comes from the EU, according to government figures.
The result is going to be disruption and higher prices. But how businesses in the food and drinks sector deal with these problems is uncertain.
Taxes and traffic jams
Larger companies like McDonald's, KFC and Pret A Manger, have said that they are stockpiling food for the period after Brexit.
But such storage space is limited doesn't solve the problem of importing fresh produce: according to the Produce Marketing Association, the UK imports 85% of its vegetables from the EU. British farmers alone won't be able to keep up with demand, and so there will still be tremendous demand
For all the food that cannot be stockpiled prior to Brexit, a new trading infrastructure is going to drive up costs. Businesses will need to work with an import agent, and make sure they are tax compliant. New risks will need accounting for, like the possibility of transport delays and spoilage.
A recent study by researchers at Imperial College London found that the two extra minutes spent checking each vehicle coming into the UK from the EU after Brexit could triple the traffic on the M20/A20, and create traffic jams of up to 29 miles.
While warehousing will minimise costs in the short term, it's only an option for the larger businesses that can afford to hire storage space.
Smaller businesses – minor chains and independent pubs and restaurants – may only be able to pass the price hikes on to consumers: not ideal, given that, at the same time, consumer confidence is likely to drop and people will not want to eat out as often.
Besides pubs and restaurants, those businesses whose model is based around knowing the little farms around Europe will find their margins cut when import duties are applied to every product and invoice.
To try and avoid these expenses, businesses may instead seek local providers – but these may end up being more expensive than import options. The alternative is that maybe more rarefied, restaurants will exchange experimental menus for old standards and proven favourites: menus that are guaranteed to sell well and for which there will be a secure supply line.
This may fall in line with consumer habits. Uncertainty over Brexit may make consumers reconsider anything that could be considered exotic or specialist ingredients as dispensable luxuries.
To this, it's worth adding uncertainty as a major problem facing businesses. It's less than two months before Britain is supposed to leave without a deal – the deadline set by Boris Johnson during the Tory leadership campaign – and little has been established about what is to follow.
In such conditions, it is impossible for anyone to plan the new systems you're going to need to tackle these problems.
Extra red-tape around imports is going to make bringing produce into Britain more expensive. Those hardest hit will be the smaller specialists and diners – and we could end up seeing more limited, familiar menus on the high street. Businesses are attempting to stockpile in order to weather the storm – but a long-term political solution is needed if we hope to enjoy the same foody diversity we enjoy today.
Jack Flanagan
Jack Flanagan is a writer living between Berlin and London. He writes about a range of subjects, from science to hospitality. His work has appeared in The Guardian, New Scientist and the American periodical, History magazine, among others. Jack was born in the Highlands, Scotland. He is an aquarist, and often writes about keeping aquariums.
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