text:
The Skeptical Doctor
Dedicated to the work of Theodore Dalrymple
An Interesting Life
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Admirable Evasions: How Psychology Undermines Morality
Coups and Cocaine: Two Journeys in South America
Farewell Fear
Filosofa's Republic
Fool or Physician: The Memoirs of a Skeptical Doctor
If Symptoms Persist
In Praise of Prejudice: The Necessity of Preconceived Ideas
Life at the Bottom: The Worldview That Makes the Underclass
Litter: How Other People's Rubbish Shapes Our Life
Mass Listeria & An Intelligent Person's Guide to Medicine
Monrovia, Mon Amour: A Visit to Liberia
Mr Clarke's Modest Proposal: Supportive Evidence from Yeovil
Not With a Bang But a Whimper: The Politics and Culture of Decline
Our Culture, What's Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses
Profeten en Charlatans: Hoe Schrijvers Ons de Wereld Laten Zien
Romancing Opiates & Junk Medicine
So Little Done: The Testament of a Serial Killer
Spoilt Rotten: The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality
Sweet Waist of America: Journeys Around Guatemala
The New Vichy Syndrome: Why European Intellectuals Surrender to Barbarism
The Pleasure of Thinking: A Journey through the Sideways Leaps of Ideas
The Policeman & the Brothel
The Wilder Shores of Marx: Journeys in a Vanishing World
Zanzibar to Timbuktu
The Surgeon by Alan Thomas
By Theodore Dalrymple on September 14, 2016 | Filed in Essays | No comments yet
Note: When Dalrymple's long-running BMJ column ended in 2012, he had a backlog of about 60 unpublished pieces, and he kindly gave them to us to post here at Skeptical Doctor. We are posting them on Wednesdays to coincide with the schedule of his old BMJ column. We hope you enjoy them.
Even bad or mediocre novels are not without interest, especially when they have aged a little and so tell us something about times gone by. They are like symptoms.
But symptoms of what, exactly? Do such novels tell us about the past as it actually was, as the author wanted or believed it to be, or as he thought it ought to have been? Do such novels tell us the truth of the age or the illusions of the age, or some combination of the two?
Recently I picked up a novel titled The Surgeon. It was the medical title that drew me to it; it was by Alan Thomas and published in 1964. Although 48 years is not exactly an historical epoch ago, and is well within the memory of people now living, the world depicted would be almost as remote to a young person as that of, say, the court of Frederick the Great.
The author, Alan Ernest Wentworth Thomas, was born in 1896 and died in 1969. He had a varied career, as classical scholar, army captain (wounded four times in the First World War), barrister, crime novelist, employee of the League of Nations, editor for nineteen years, between 1939 and 1957, of The Listener, and finally as a reasonably successful novelist. His first book was published in 1928 and his last, posthumously, in 1970.
The surgeon of the title is Larry Balneath, young, accomplished, handsome, successful and flawed. One day he is called to the hospital because a minor Conservative politician, Sir Humphry Halland, Bart., has had a car crash and fractured his lumbar vertebrae, on which Balneath operates with his customary brilliance. In those days, if the novel is to be believed, titles still inspired awe; when Halland's young wife asks to be called Gloria instead of my lady it is a sign of her broadminded and democratising informality.
Balneath and Lady Halland fall in love while Halland is flat on his back in hospital. They do so very chastely, I must say, despite Lady Halland being twenty years younger than her husband. He is referred to throughout the book as if he were an old man, though in fact he is only 53, and the marriage was never a successful one.
Unfortunately, when Halland recovers he has a further accident, falling off a podium and injuring his back so badly that he suffers paraplegia (despite Balneath's second brilliant operation on him). Lady Halland asks Balneath to kill Halland, partly for his own sake because he will be so miserable as a paraplegic, but partly so that Balneath and she can marry. Balneath refuses, and she thereafter discovers an affection and duty towards her husband. It is Lady Chatterley in reverse. Balneath, in the meantime, marries his utterly devoted Harley Street receptionist and secretary.
The world that Thomas portrays is one in which hospital consultants are gods, nurses are ministering angels, divorce is an utter scandal, porters and butlers are deferential, Daimlers are chauffer driven, sex occurs only at the end of an elaborate pas de deux, if even then, and the rich smoke as a matter of course. Did this world ever really exist? Fled is that music: do I wake or dream?
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Dalrymple's Essays
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Dalrymple's Books
Around the World in the Cinemas of Paris
Embargo and Other Stories
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Nothing But Wickedness
Good and Evil in the Garden of Art
Out Into the Beautiful World
Admirable Evasions
Threats of Pain and Ruin
The Pleasure of Thinking
Mr Clarke's Modest Proposal
Litter: How Other People's Rubbish Shapes Our Life
Spoilt Rotten
The New Vichy Syndrome
Profeten en Charlatans
Not With a Bang But a Whimper
In Praise of Prejudice
Romancing Opiates
Our Culture, What's Left of It
Life at the Bottom
An Intelligent Person's Guide to Medicine
Mass Listeria
If Symptoms Still Persist
So Little Done
Monrovia, Mon Amour
The Wilder Shores of Marx
Sweet Waist of America
Filosofa's Republic
Fool or Physician
Coups and Cocaine
Carl Wells on Will We Ever Shake Hands Again?
David Seri on Life's a Boar
Bryce Mansfield on Life's a Boar
Mariana Bell on Diego Maradona Was Not a Victim
David Seri on The Ever-Downward Coarse
Carl Wells on The Ever-Downward Coarse
Zsuzsanna Rakovszky on The Ever-Downward Coarse
RV on The Ever-Downward Coarse
William Vaughan on Charity without Cost
Theodore Dalrymple – Crônicas de Karina on An Interesting Life
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On Digital October 31, 2017 and on DVD and Blu-Ray on November 14, 2017 from Universal Pictures Home Entertainment is The Nut Job 2 Nutty by Nature and stars Jackie Chan (Kung Fu Panda), Will Arnett (Lego Batman), Katherine Heigl (Gray's Anatomy), Bobby Canavale (Ant-Man), Maya Rudolph (Bridesmaids), Gabriel Iglesias (The Fluffy Movie), Jeff Dunham (Smurfs: The Lost Village), Bobby Moynihan (Saturday Night Live), Isabela Moner (Transformers: The Last Knight). Surly Squirrel and the gang are back, returning to Liberty Park after they are forced to leave their easy life at the nut store. Getting back to nature is the last thing Surly wants to do, but when a greedy mayor decides to destroy the park to build an amusement park, Surly and his ragtag critter friends must band together to save the place they call home. This film also includes Bonus Features deleted scenes, animation progression reels, concept art reel, commentary with director/ co-director Carl Brunker and producer, Co-writer Bob Barlen.
My Opinion: This is a funny cartoon the whole family will enjoy and this is just as funny as the first one. I needed a good laugh as it has been really tense around lately and this helped me so much.
You can purchase at Amazon, Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy and other retailers.


Classes to be run under Art. 238.2.2 or where time does not permit, Art. 274.5.3 (One of these must be used).
10 to qualify from each class – athletes already qualified should mark 'Q' on their ticket so their qualifying place may move down the line. Athletes not taking up their qualifying place at the Final will not be replaced.
Any athlete/pony combination placed 1st to 6th in any of the Pony Premier League 2019 competitions or 1st – 6th in their respective Finals at the RDS 2019 will not be eligible to compete in the Final.
Athletes are not permitted to compete on Temporary Tickets or H/C.
Only qualified combinations may compete in the final.


text:
International and Independent
Part of Xenith IP Group
Purpose, Vision and Values
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Working with Shelston IP
How to calculate patent expiry dates in the United States
Calculating patent expiries for most countries is relatively straightforward. Some countries even calculate it for you and display it in a field in their online databases. Why then, is it so difficult to accurately calculate expiry dates for US patents, and be confident in your answer?
The commonly held view of how to calculate US patent expiry dates is as follows:
1. For applications filed prior to, and still in force or pending on, 8 June 1995, the expiry date is the later of 17 years from the issue date, and 20 years from the filing date.
For example, US 5219846 has a filing date of 20 December 1991 and an issue date of 15 June 1993. Adding 20 years to the filing date gives 20 December 2011, and adding 17 years to the issue date gives 15 June 2010. The expiry date is the later date, 20 December 2011.
2. For applications filed on or after 8 June 1995, the expiry date is 20 years from the date of the earliest related application, or where there are no earlier applications, the filing date.
For example, US 6472448 has a filing date of 27 March 2001. There are no earlier related applications, so adding 20 years to the filing date gives 27 March 2021 as the expiry date.
A further example, US 7105503 has a filing date of 15 February 2002, but in this case there are earlier related applications. These are a continuation-in-part, filed on 22 December 2000, of US 6436915, which is a continuation-in-part, filed on 7 April 2000, of US 6214613. The earliest related application has a filing date of 7 April 2000, so adding 20 years gives 7 April 2020 as the expiry date, and not 15 February 2022.
With simple examples such as these you can be confident, but as the number of continuations or continuations-in-part or divisionals grows it becomes more difficult, and situations where the continuing applications span more than 20 years are particularly troublesome.
Precise details for claiming the benefit of an earlier filed application can be read in the full article Considerations, concerns and recommendations in calculating patent expiry dates for United States patents, but in short, if an applicant wishes that a pending application has the benefit of the filing date of an earlier filed application, they must make reference to the earlier application. The reference must identify all of the prior applications and indicate the relationship between each application in order to establish copendency throughout the entire chain of prior applications, and usually forms the first paragraph of the specification.
In most cases the earlier filed application upon which the benefit claim is made, is also the earliest filed application, and calculation of an expiry date is straightforward as outlined in (2) above, but sometimes it appears that the later application is still "live" even though the expiry date calculation indicates that it should have expired.
For example, take US7477268. This application contains a paragraph that references five earlier filed applications.
The first filed application has a filing date of 20 December 1991. As US7477268 references all earlier filed applications it would be reasonable to say that it is claiming benefit from the first filed application. This would give it an effective filing date of 20 December 1991 and as such an expiry date of 20 December 2011.
Everything is clear up to this point, except when you view the relevant record in the USPTO register, PAIR, you find that the applicant paid the 4th year maintenance fee on 13 June 2012, which is about 6 months after the "expiry" date. It would appear that the applicant, although having referenced all earlier filed applications in the specification, is not claiming benefit from the first filed application, and there is no indication as to which earlier filed application they are claiming benefit from.
We are often told not to rely entirely upon patent term expiry calculators or other indications as to a patent's status or expiry date, but instead to seek legal advice or confirmation from the relevant national register as this will be the most accurate and up to date information. However in the case of the USPTO, unless there is a clear indication that a patent has expired or been abandoned, we have to assume that a patent is still current. There is no calculation of the anticipated expiry date, and no clear way of calculating it ourselves.
I understand that many factors come into play here. There are some factors that the USPTO has definitive answers for; factors such as the filing date of the application, patent term adjustments, patent term extensions, terminal disclaimers and statutory disclaimers. Then there appears to be a factor for which the USPTO has no answer; and that is benefit claims. If a clear indication could be made as to the benefit claim, then the rest is easy, and an expiry date calculated. Once we can confidently predict an expiry date then viewing the maintenance fee records in PAIR will make it clear if a patent is still current.
This is a shortened version of a full article which can be accessed at Considerations, concerns and recommendations in calculating patent expiry dates for United States patents.
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Patent Searcher
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The field of developmental biology encompasses the study of how...
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text:
Seeing Titan With Infrared Eyes
By Astrobiology Magazine | July 23, 2018
These six infrared images of Saturn's moon Titan represent some of the clearest, most seamless-looking global views of the icy moon's surface produced so far. The views were created using 13 years of data acquired by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument on board NASA's Cassini spacecraft. The images are the result of a focused effort to smoothly combine data from the multitude of different observations VIMS made under a wide variety of lighting and viewing conditions over the course of Cassini's mission.
(Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Stéphane Le Mouélic, University of Nantes, Virginia Pasek, University of Arizona)
Previous VIMS maps of Titan (for example, PIA02145) display great variation in imaging resolution and lighting conditions, resulting in obvious seams between different areas of the surface. With the seams now gone, this new collection of images is by far the best representation of how the globe of Titan might appear to the casual observer if it weren't for the moon's hazy atmosphere, and it likely will not be superseded for some time to come.
Observing the surface of Titan in the visible region of the spectrum is difficult, due to the globe-enshrouding haze around the moon. This is primarily because small particles called aerosols in Titan's upper atmosphere strongly scatter visible light. But Titan's surface can be more readily imaged in a few infrared "windows"—infrared wavelengths where scattering and absorption of light is much weaker. This is where the VIMS instrument excelled, parting the haze to obtain clear images of Titan's surface. (For comparison, Figure B shows Titan as it appears in visible light, as does PIA11603.
Figure B. (Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Stéphane Le Mouélic, University of Nantes, Virginia Pasek, University of Arizona)
Making mosaics of VIMS images of Titan has always been a challenge because the data were obtained over many different flybys with different observing geometries and atmospheric conditions. One result is that very prominent seams appear in the mosaics that are quite difficult for imaging scientists to remove. But, through laborious and detailed analyses of the data, along with time consuming hand processing of the mosaics, the seams have been mostly removed. This is an update to the work previously discussed in PIA20022.
Any full color image is comprised of three color channels: red, green and blue. Each of the three color channels combined to create these views was produced using a ratio between the brightness of Titan's surface at two different wavelengths (1.59/1.27 microns [red], 2.03/1.27 microns [green] and 1.27/1.08 microns [blue]). This technique (called a "band-ratio" technique) reduces the prominence of seams, as well as emphasizing subtle spectral variations in the materials on Titan's surface. For example, the moon's equatorial dune fields appear a consistent brown color here. There are also bluish and purplish areas that may have different compositions from the other bright areas, and may be enriched in water ice.
For a map of Titan with latitudes, longitudes and labeled surface features, see PIA20713.
It is quite clear from this unique set of images that Titan has a complex surface, sporting myriad geologic features and compositional units. The VIMS instrument has paved the way for future infrared instruments that could image Titan at much higher resolution, revealing features that were not detectable by any of Cassini's instruments.
Filed Under: Aerospace + defense
Mars helicopter receives Collier Trophy
Flexible rotary shafts to power Delta Airlines' engines powering their first Airbus A321neo aircraft
Ontic acquires Servotek and Westcon product lines from Marsh Bellofram
Flexible rotary shafts support thrust reverser on 150 LEAP 1-A turbofan engines


Queen Anne Boleyn Historical Writers is thrilled to introduce to you historical fiction writer Debra Brown.
Evangeline Alone is actually an extract from Debbie's current novel manuscript, For the Skylark. Evangeline has developed Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Bear with her….
To read Evangeline Alone, Click the link below.
Just want to say thanks for hosting the story festival. I have enjoyed the stories.
Llinos, you are on August 29th!


Assessing the needs of the prosthetic user.
Selecting the most appropriate type of prosthesis.
Capturing the data required to fabricate a prosthesis, including all necessary moulds and measurements.
Fitting and aligning prostheses to the user's specific requirements.
Educating the user on care and wear of their prosthesis.
Reviewing the user and maintaining the prosthesis.


"I want all my dark skin girls to know that we are chocolate goddesses no matter what anyone says!" Mimi Mbah told BuzzFeed News.
This is 19-year-old Mimi Mbah. She's a college student and aspiring model from Gaithersburg, Maryland.
A Twitter page called @_AFRICANS_, which is "dedicated to all the beautiful Africans worldwide", shared Mbah's Instagram pictures because duh, she looks incredible. Her pictures received lots of compliments.
But also some horrid ones. "[If] she was lighter, she'd be fire," one said.
Mbah didn't take this lightly and delivered a brilliant clapback which gained over 56,000 likes and 20,000 retweets.
Mbah told BuzzFeed News: "I wasn't surprised when I first received that tweet but I was definitely disappointed."
The reason she wasn't surprised was because she has seen dark-skinned women shamed for no other reason than being themselves online. "It's happened to me before and I think almost every dark skin girl can say the same too," she said.
She added: "I'm glad my tweet went viral because now I feel like I have a platform which I want to use to talk about things like that and give advice to other dark skin women who are going through similar situations and probably blaming themselves for it.
She felt it was important to reply to the comment because: "I actually wanted people to see that colorism is still real."
Although Mbah said she wasn't surprised by the tweet mentioned above, there was one tweet she shared on her Instagram that she felt "offended by the most". "It's just so sad," she added.
Many people were applauding Mbah for replying.
Others said they were sick of this rhetoric being repeated time and time again.
"A lot of people are actually shocked that someone would say such a thing – now people can see that this is why some dark skin girls are not the most confident!" Mbah said.
Some people who have received similar comments backed her up too.
While most were pretty much in awe of Mbah's slay.
"Overall I want all my dark skin girls to know that we are chocolate goddesses no matter what anyone says!" Mbah said.


J.D. Salinger, in full Jerome David Salinger, was a reclusive American writer, widely recognized for his groundbreaking novel The Catcher in the Rye.
Salinger fell in love with literature and writing at a young age, but since his father didn't approve of his passion, he used to write short stories at night, under his blanket with the help of a flashlight.
Even though he had a certain dislike for formal education, Salinger attended New York and Columbia universities for a brief period then decided to devote his entire time to writing. Even while serving the army he carried a portable typewriter and kept on doing what he loved the most.
Salinger's career took off when The New Yorker magazine started publishing his stories. Some of the best rely on the author's wartime experiences. But while he wanted his work to be known by many, Salinger himself remained a mystery. After The Catcher in the Rye was out, the author became reclusive, struggled with unwanted attention and did his best to stay away from those who constantly tried to pry into his personal life.
Here are 19 J. D. Salinger quotes that continue to impress and inspire.
I think that one of these days, you're going to have to find out where you want to go. And then you've got to start going there. But immediately. You can't afford to lose a minute. Not you.
I'm sick of just liking people. I wish to God I could meet somebody I could respect.
Certain things, they should stay the way they are. You ought to be able to stick them in one of those big glass cases and just leave them alone.
I have scars on my hands from touching certain people… Certain heads, certain colors and textures of human hair leave permanent marks on me.
All morons hate it when you call them a moron.
There are still a few men who love desperately.
I'm a kind of paranoiac in reverse. I suspect people of plotting to make me happy.
Who wants flowers when you're dead? Nobody.
Make sure you marry someone who laughs at the same things you do.
I'm just sick of ego, ego, ego. My own and everybody else's.
If you do something too good, then, after a while, if you don't watch it, you start showing off. And then you're not as good anymore.
If a girl looks swell when she meets you, who gives a damn if she's late?
Goddam money. It always ends up making you blue as hell.
People always clap for the wrong reasons.
The fact is always obvious much too late, but the most singular difference between happiness and joy is that happiness is a solid and joy a liquid.
I don't know what good it is to know so much and be smart as whips and all if it doesn't make you happy.


text:
# Copyright 2014 Lars Kellogg-Stedman <lars@oddbit.com>
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import bonds
import bridges
import vlans
import physdevs

# This defines attributes used when generating the
# dot output.
attrs = {
    # default attributes that will be applied to all interface
    # types unless overridden by a more specific setting.
    '__default__': {
        'subgraph': {
            'rank': 'same',
        },
        'node': {
            'style': 'filled',
        },
    },

    'ports': {
        'node': {
            'shape': 'box',
        },
    },
    'physdevs': {
        'node': {
            'color': 'firebrick1',
        },
    },
    'bonds': {
        'node': {
            'color': 'darkgoldenrod1',
        },
    },
    'bridges': {
        'subgraph': {
            'rank': 'min',
        },
        'node': {
            'color': 'cornflowerblue',
        },
    },
    'vlans': {
        'node': {
            'color': 'darkolivegreen2',
        },
    },
}

def discover():
    data = {}

    for x in [physdevs, bonds, bridges, vlans]:
        ifaces, pairs = x.probe()
        iftype = x.__name__.split('.')[-1]

        data[iftype] = (ifaces, pairs)
        if iftype == 'physdevs':
            data['ports'] = ([x[1] for x in pairs], [])

    return data

def render(data):
    '''render() generates the dot output.'''

    print 'digraph net {'
    print '  rankdir=LR;'
    print

    for iftype in ['ports', 'physdevs', 'bonds', 'bridges', 'vlans']:

        subgraph_attrs = {}
        subgraph_attrs.update(attrs['__default__']['subgraph'])
        subgraph_attrs.update(attrs[iftype].get('subgraph', {}))

        node_attrs = {}
        node_attrs.update(attrs['__default__']['node'])
        node_attrs.update(attrs[iftype].get('node', {}))

        print
        print '  /* %s */' % iftype
        print '  subgraph {'

        for k, v in subgraph_attrs.items():
            print '    %s=%s ;' % (k, v)

        print '    node [%s] ;' % (', '.join(
            ['%s=%s' % (n, v) for n, v in node_attrs.items()]))
        print
        for iface in data[iftype][0]:
            print '    "%s" ;' % iface

        print '  }'

    print
    for iftype in ['ports', 'physdevs', 'bonds', 'bridges', 'vlans']:
        for k, v in data[iftype][1]:
            print '  "%s" -> "%s" ;' % (k, v)

    print '}'

def main():
    render(discover())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
# The following can be used when testing the rendering code:
#    render({
#        'ports': [['eth104/1/48', 'eth104/1/46'],[]],
#        'physdevs': [['em1', 'em2'],[('em1', 'eth104/1/48'), ('em2',
#            'eth104/1/46')]],
#        'bonds': [[],[]],
#        'bridges': [[],[]],
#        'vlans': [[],[]],
#        })
#

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


58 flawless residences designed with precision.
In the heart of the vibrant Cambie Village neighbourhood, Marquise is a collection of homes with striking personality. The contemporary form stands with presence on Kind Edward Avenue. Warmth and light pair well together in modern interiors, while indoor and outdoor amenities speak to connection. With Cambie Street, a SkyTrain station, and Queen Elizabeth Park only steps away, amenities are limitless. Live with clarity at Marquise.
Infinite potential in an established West Side neighbourhood.
Flawless contemporary design. An architectural composition rare in form.
Modern living inspired by urban finesse and nature's effortless grace.


Etcetera. Note, if you're using parameter 2 (the part that changes the colon) and not parameter 1 (to change note to notes, or whatnot), you need to include 2= before it, or it will count it as parameter 1.
This page was last changed on 30 October 2012, at 06:25.


text:
You are here: Home Rotary Founder "Harris Study" at RI Headquarters
PAUL'S OFFICE: YESTERDAY AND TODAY
The room was removed in 2014. These pages are the only public record of these items, which are now in storage.
Welcome to the Paul Harris Office "Gallery" which was once in RI Center in Evanston. In this room, which was on the 18th floor of the world headquarters, (right), you could have found a collection of souvenirs, gifts & other items acquired by Paul Harris over many years.
In Rotary Center in Evanston, the office which was used by Paul Harris as President Emeritus, had been re-created. It contained many souvenirs from his journeys round the Rotary world, as well as gifts and awards presented to him and photographs of other distinguished Rotarians. The room, shown up, in 2010, no longer exists.
This part of our website shows you some of the items which had been on show.
The entire room was removed in 2014. This website with dozens of pages is the only public record. The items are in storage and may be shown, from time to time at One Rotary Center.
The RGHF Gallery contains a large number of photographs of people, events, and scenes some of which we have not reproduced on this site as yet because we do not wish to infringe any photographer's copyright.
This advice comes from the Legal Department of RI even though almost all are at least 60 years old, and most over 70.
The original bust is now on display in Paul's boyhood home. Wallingford, Vermont, USA at the "little red schoolhouse", meeting place of the Rotary Club of Wallingford. The new statue's body was completed in 1993 by Isao's son, Kimihiko Morioka, president of Rittaishashinzo Studios and past President of the Rotary club of Tokyo-Keihin.
The completed statue is of bronze-finish fibreglass. It was broken down into three sections for the trip from Japan, and delivered to Evanston personally by Kimihiko, who reassembled it with nuts, bolts and epoxy. The statue was dedicated on March 27, 1993."
This article was written by Candy Isaac of RI and was reproduced in the Rotary History and Heritage International Fellowship newsletter in 1998. We would like to thank all concerned for this article.


text:
Daler Mehndi Joins BJP
BollywoodGossip NewsIndian Male Celebrities
By Ayesha Ali	 Last updated Jun 11, 2019
India's famous showbiz figure Daler Mehndi has joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is circulated in the media that the BJP is trying hard to get the famous personalities joined the party.
It is also being said that the party is trying to win the Lok Sabha election on the basis of famous people's support. Such people don't need any party favor but in contrast, party needs them to get popularity among the masses. Earlier several other stars joined this party.
One of them is Hema Malini, film actress who also won election from Mathura as a BJP candidate and held office for previous term. She is now again a candidate and running her election campaign actively. She very oftenly releases pictures of her activities in the social as well as traditional media.
Another filmstar Sunny Deol has joined the party recently. Now this is the third prominent figure of the film world of india who joined this party. It is a surprising event for many people that artists who don't need any political support are joining the party one by one.
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Usually It is understood that an artist is a very liberal person and thinks that his or her art is or all irrespective of any consideration. So he or she does not indulge in politics, specially joining a party which has a general perception that this party does not represent all religious communities equally.
The BJP, allegedly, possesses an impression that it represents only a specific religious community.. The impression is now becoming more solid as the party is trying to get famous people support. This situation also indicate an inner weakness or lack of confidence with reference to win the election on its own popularity or performance.
New Delhi: Punjabi singer and BJP candidate from North West Delhi seat Hans Raj Hans, Vijay Goel and Punjabi singer Daler Mehndi during the inauguration of the election office for the north-west constituency at Rohini, in New Delhi, Friday, April 26, 2019. Mehndi joined the BJP today.
Mr Daler Mehndi is a very popular person although he is very young. He is not only a singer, but also is a producer, song writer and writer. He made his own group for singing. He represented India in a Musical concert In Kazakhstan and got second position among two hundred contestants. He has released several music albums and also won prestigious award, the Channel V's Best Indian Male Pop Artist Award.
Ayesha Ali 97 posts 0 comments
Sunny Deol joins BJP
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Bollywood actor Naseeruddin Shah also spoke out against Modi
Mani also started singing Hira's songs
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Read Next The Jan. 6 Committee Wants to Have a Talk With Ivanka Trump
July 11, 2012 9:55PM ET
Jane's Addiction Announce Lollapalooza After Party
Also make new record available for free download on Lollapalooza homepage
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Jane's Addiction have announced their official Lollapalooza after show concert, which will take place on August 4th at Chicago's Aragon Ballroom.
The band is putting on the show with sponsors Rolling Stone, Rock Revival and Red Bull Sound Stage, while the group will also be picking a rising band to open the show.
"Over the years the after show has become an important part of the Lollapalooza experience," said Jane's Addiction frontman and Lollapalooza founder Perry Farrell in a statement, hinting that the group was working on incorporating "immersive theatre aspects" into the evening's festivities.
To top it all off, the group is offering their most recent record, The Great Escape Artist, as a free download on the Lollapalooza homepage starting today.
Following Lollapalooza, Jane's Addiction will head back out on the road in support of The Great Escape Artist, for dates alongside Die Antwoord, Mute Math and Band of Skulls.
The band also announced that they've confirmed that they will be inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame next year, the first of what promises to be many celebrations of the band's 25th anniversary in 2013.
"This year, on the Saturday night of Lolla weekend, we're going to take the after party to an even higher place," added Farrell in the statement about the after party. "Get ready for a next level after show Chicago!"
This year's Lollapalooza will take place August 3rd-5th in Chicago, with headliners Black Sabbath, Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Black Keys, and Jack White, along with Florence & The Machine, Avicii, and many more.
In This Article: Jane's Addiction,	Lollapalooza,	Lollapalooza 2012,	Perry Farrell


This entry was posted in Song Lyrics and tagged benhur pallan malavika nair, nee evide euphoric love lyrics, nee evide lyrics, nee evide nee evide, neeyevide euphoric love lyrics, neeyevide lyrics, sarath vayalar anoop k sreedhar karthik by vimalsuresh. Bookmark the permalink.
I like this song very much….
EXCELLENT. I love Malayalam language and songs. These lyrics really touched my heart. Video too couldn't have done better than this. Thanks for the entire team. Keep it up.


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Q: How to get difference between two consecutive rows for a column field using group by and order by EmpNo   Dept    Sales
1   10  9
2   20  7
1   10  10
1   10  5
3   10  3
3   10  8
1   10  11
4   30  5
4   30  5
EmpNo   Dept    Sales   Growth
1   10  5   5
1   10  9   4
1   10  10  1
1   10  11  1
3   10  3   3
3   10  8   5
2   20  7   7
4   30  5   5
4   30  6   1

A: You can use LAG to get the last value partitioned by employee, but you need an additional column (like an id or date) to order the columns. This is a simple example with just the first few records of your example (adding an id column):
SELECT *,
    Sales - LAG(Sales, 1, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY EmpNo ORDER BY Id) AS Growth
FROM SalesData

With sample data
;WITH SalesData (Id, EmpNo, Dept, Sales) AS (
    SELECT 1, 1, 10, 9
    UNION ALL SELECT 2, 1,10, 10
    UNION ALL SELECT 3, 2, 10, 7
)
    SELECT *,
        Sales - LAG(Sales, 1, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY EmpNo ORDER BY Id) AS Growth
    FROM SalesData

This example produces:
Id          EmpNo       Dept        Sales       Growth
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
1           1           10          9           9
2           1           10          10          1
3           2           10          7           7

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Network television is still trying to bring a Nancy Drew series to life.
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Use of the Lousebuster™, an FDA-cleared device utilizng heated air application in a manner that kills both lice AND nits through dehydration with a one step treatment followed by a thorough comb out. No other method kills both nits and lice. The effectiveness of this method dramatically reduces spread and reinfestation.


Directory Songs popularized by Het Goede Doel.
The song "Belgie" popularized by Het Goede Doel is song number 20069 in the Magic Sing Dutch 2 Song Chip.
The song "Mag Ik Naar Je Kijken" popularized by Het Goede Doel is song number 20139 in the Magic Sing Dutch 2 Song Chip.
The song "Nooduitgang" popularized by Het Goede Doel is song number 7318 in the Magic Sing Dutch 1 Song Chip.
The song "Vriendschap" popularized by Het Goede Doel is song number 7357 in the Magic Sing Dutch 1 Song Chip.


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Technology / Tech News / Jollibee Foods Corporation moves to the cloud with AWS
Jollibee Foods Corporation moves to the cloud with AWS
Published December 9, 2021, 8:30 AM
by Robert D. Reyes
Jollibee x AWS
One of the world's largest food companies (with 17 brands and more than 5,800 outlets in 34 countries) and the pride of every Filipino, Jollibee Foods Corporation (Jollibee Group) has tapped Amazon Web Services (AWS) as its preferred cloud provider globally.
The Jollibee Group is migrating its IT infrastructure from its data centers in the Philippines, parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), and North America to AWS. Once the migration is done, the Jollibee Group will be more agile by enabling the company to respond to changes in consumer behavior more quickly, like those brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic which drove a significant rise in delivery orders.
Leveraging the breadth and depth of AWS capabilities, including analytics and database services, the Jollibee Group is also becoming a data-driven enterprise to gain greater visibility into its sales data and supply chain operations. To accelerate the move to the cloud, the Jollibee Group's global headquarters in the Philippines is leading the charge in the migration to AWS. The company worked with AWS Partner, DXC Technology in the Philippines, to decommission its on-premises data centers and migrate its mission-critical SAP workloads to AWS in less than 24 hours. So far, this migration has helped the group reduce costs, streamline IT management, and innovate new services.
"AWS has helped us transform our operations in the cloud, allowing us to act quickly as dining habits continue to evolve. Advanced AWS capabilities, like analytics, are a key enabler for us to become a data-driven organization that can innovate across all areas of the business, from supply chain operations to point-of-sale. The cloud helps to ensure our customer experience is excellent in both the restaurants and at drive-thru eateries," according to Yoly Chua, Head of Business Technology for the Philippines and EMEA of the Jollibee Group.
In the last 18 months, social distancing restrictions, lockdowns, and limits on in-person dining made food demand difficult to predict as customers' dining habits changed. To make it more convenient for customers to buy the food they love, the Jollibee Group needed to better understand these evolving dining requirements.
The Jollibee Group's operations in the Philippines used Amazon DynamoDB, a fast and flexible NoSQL database service for high-performance applications at any scale, to help tag, monitor, and create sales reports. Using Amazon Athena, an interactive query service, the group automates the creation of operational dashboards based on sales reports to provide real-time restaurant insights on best-selling menu items, ordering and combination preferences, results of sales promotions, and restaurant revenues. These insights enable the Jollibee Group to stock inventory and allocate staff more efficiently. With AWS, the Jollibee Group can also remotely monitor and analyze food inventory across the company's manufacturing facilities, commissaries, and distribution centers throughout the Philippines, better scale production based on spikes in demand (during national holidays), and more efficiently dispatch food to its restaurant network nationwide.
"The Jollibee Group has continued serving its customers right through a difficult time for our region, and with AWS they are forging a new data-driven path to further drive customer experience. We look forward to helping the Jollibee Group's brands leverage AWS's unmatched portfolio of cloud capabilities to weather this storm and emerge stronger with new and innovative offerings that delight customers," said Conor McNamara, Managing Director, ASEAN, AWS.


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HomeBattlefieldsVicksburg
Summary Statement, 2nd Quarter, 1863 – Wisconsin's Batteries
7 December 2017 29 November 2018 Craig Swain American Civil War, Artillery, Gettysburg, Ordnance Summary Statements, Vicksburg	10th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 11th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 12th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 13th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 17th Wisconsin Infantry, 1st Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 2nd Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 30th Wisconsin Infantry, 3rd Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 4th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 5th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 6th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 7th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 8th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, 8th Wisconsin Infantry, 9th Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery, Alfred Sully, Baton Rouge LA, Battery L 1st Illinois, Cartersville GA, Champion's Hill, Charles B. Kimball, Charles Beger, Corinth MS, Cortland Livingston., Cyrus H. Johnson, Daniel J. Dill, Dix's Penensula Campaign, Dixon's Station AL, Edward M. Bartlett, Fort Lyon CO, Galen E. Green, George Q. Gardner, Henry Dillon, Henry E. Stiles, Jackson TN, Jacob T. Foster, James Milligan, John F. Vallee, John Rourke, Josiah B. Redfield, Lucius H. Drury, Memphis TN, Murfreesboro TN, Nashville TN, Oscar F. Nutting, Samuel F. Clark, Stevenson AL, Tullahoma Campaign, Vicksburg MS, William Zickerick, Williamsburg VA, Winchester TN, Yates V. Beebe, Yorktown VA, Young's Point LA
By the summer months of 1863, Wisconsin's allocation to the Union cause included eleven numbered batteries. The 1st Battery through the 10th Battery, along with the 12th, were in service at that time. The 13th Battery would form later in the year. Wait… why skip the 11th and include the "unlucky" 13th? Glad you asked….
The 11th Wisconsin Light Artillery organized in 1861 as the "Oconto Irish Guards" as part of the 17th Wisconsin Infantry. When the men indicated a desire for artillery service (who wouldn't?) the unit was designated as the 11th Battery. Still, organization took too long. So Captain John Rourke took his men to Chicago where it was mustered as Battery L, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, in Colonel James Mulligan's Irish Brigade. And Wisconsin never re-used the battery designation.
Looking at the summaries, we find the clerks dutifully excluded the 11th from the list. Though they added the 13th and two lines for infantry reporting artillery:
Of those fourteen lines, only three lacked statements. Though we have some adjustments to make, due to late filings:
1st Battery: Reporting at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as of March 1865. But with no cannon on hand. If we turn back the clock to June 1863, this battery was at Vicksburg, Mississippi under Ninth Division, Thirteenth Corps. The battery retained six 20-pdr Parrotts, putting them to good use earlier in May at Champion's Hill. Captain Jacob T. Foster, who was still division artillery chief, remained captain of the battery. Lieutenant Charles B. Kimball, commanding in Foster's place, became the division's ordnance officer in late May. In that absence, Lieutenant Oscar F. Nutting commanded the battery.
2nd Battery: No location given, but with two 12-pdr field howitzers and four 10-pdr Parrotts (reverse from the previous quarter). Captain Charles Beger commanded this battery, which at the time was under First Division, Fourth Corps (which had been reorganized in May). Supporting Second Brigade, the battery reported at Williamsburg, Virginia as of June 30. The battery participated in Dix's Peninsula Campaign.
3rd Battery: No return. This battery, under Lieutenant Cortland Livingston, was in Third Division, Twenty-first Corps, Army of the Cumberland and participated in the Tullahoma Campaign. Though, the battery didn't leave Murfreesboro until early July. Captain Lucius H. Drury, of the battery, was division artillery chief.
4th Battery: No return. The battery was assigned to the Second Division, Fourth Corps under the reorganizations of the Department of Virginia in May. The battery was at Yorktown, Virginia, presumably retaining six 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. The participated in the operations on the Peninsula through June and July. Captain John F. Vallee commanded this battery.
5th Battery: Reporting from Winchester, Tennessee with two 12-pdr Napoleons, two 12-pdr mountain howitzers, and two 10-pdr Parrotts. The battery was assigned to First Division, Twentieth Corps, and commanded by Captain George Q. Gardner. Participating in the Tullahoma Campaign, the battery moved out of Murfreesboro on June 24.
6th Battery: With a report from Cartersville, Georgia, dated October 1864, this battery claimed two 6-pdr field guns, two 12-pdr field howitzers, and two 3.80-inch James Rifles. As of June 30, 1863, this battery was with Seventh Division, Seventeenth Corps and part of the siege of Vicksburg. Captain Henry Dillon commanded at the beginning of spring. When Dillon became division artillery chief, Lieutenant Samuel F. Clark stood in as commander.
7th Battery: At Memphis, Tennessee with two 6-pdr field guns and four 3.80-inch James rifles. Lieutenant Galen E. Green remained in command of this battery, assigned to Third Division, Sixteenth Corps. At the end of May, the battery was stationed in Jackson, Tennessee. They moved to Corinth, Mississippi on June 1. But only remained their until July 1, when they moved to Memphis.
8th Battery: At Winchester, Tennessee with two 12-pdr Napoleons and four 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. Assigned to First Division, Twentieth Corps. Captain Henry E. Stiles remained in command. The battery accompanied the division on the Tullahoma Campaign.
9th Battery: Fort Lyon, Colorado with four 6-pdr field guns and two 12-pdr field howitzers. Captain Cyrus H. Johnson commanded this battery posted in the District of Colorado.
10th Battery: Reporting at Stevenson, Alabama with six 6-pdr field guns, as of October 1863. Captain Yates V. Beebe's battery was assigned to the Second Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland. From the beginning of the year up to September, the battery performed escort duties based out of Nashville and Murfreesboro.
12th Battery: Another dated return has this battery at Dixon's Station, Alabama on November 25, 1863. However, for June 30, Captain William Zickerick and his battery's four 10-pdr Parrotts were assigned to Seventh Division, Seventeenth Corps. Thus they fell in next to the 6th Wisconsin Battery at Vicksburg.
13th Battery: No return. As alluded to above, the 13th Battery did not muster until December 1863. But the battery started forming in the summer. A glance through the battery rolls indicate a handful of enlistments in July and August.
Company A, 8th Wisconsin: At Young's Point, Louisiana with four 6-pdr field guns, two 12-pdr field howitzers, and one 3.80-inch James rifle. This is the regiment with "Old Abe" the bald eagle as a mascot. To be honest, until reading this line I had no knowledge of any artillery manned by the regiment. Perhaps captured weapons impressed for the siege of Vicksburg? Captain Josiah B. Redfield commanded Company A.
Detachment, 30th Wisconsin: On the Missouri River with six 6-pdr field guns. The 30th Wisconsin served by detachments at posts in Wisconsin and the Dakota Territories at this time of the war. Colonel Daniel J. Dill commanded the regiment. In May, a detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel Edward M. Bartlett supported Brigadier-General Alfred Sully's expedition up the Missouri River. Bartlett's command guarded boats and supplies. Given the placename provided and the nature of the mission, a good possibility that detachment had the guns identified here.
With that lengthy discussion to identify just who these fourteen lines represented, let's put some weight to the matter. Starting with some smoothbore shot, shell, case, and canister:
Look at all those numbers!
2nd Battery: 120 shell and 52 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers; 160 case for 12-pdr field guns (likely a transcription error, and should be on the howitzer column).
5th Battery: 96 shot, 32 shell, 96 case, and 40 canister for 12-pdr Napoleons; 65 shell, 159 case, and 49 canister for 12-pdr field howitzer (though they reported two mountain howitzers on hand).
6th Battery: 77 shot, 145 case, and 124 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 21 shell, 89 case, and 18 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
7th Battery: 186 shot, 248 case, and 87 canister for 6-pdr field guns.
8th Battery: 32 shot, 96 shell, 64 case, and 64 canister for 12-pdr Napoleons.
9th Battery: 400 shot, 320 case, and 80 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 150 shells, 190 case, and 62 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
Company A, 8th Infantry: 269 shot, 44 case, and 636 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 48 case and 156 canister for 12-pdr Napoleons (or are those transcription errors and should be on the howitzer columns?)
30th Infantry: 476 shot, 266 case, and 238 canister for 6-pdr field guns.
Regardless if the 12-pdr ammunition reported by the 8th Infantry was for Napoleons or howitzers, we see a rather substantial quantity of canister. Such might indicate these were weapons assigned for use in the siege lines on guard points.
Four batteries reported Hotchkiss projectiles for rifled guns:
Yes I said four. Three of those batteries appear on this page. The other, we'll see on the "orphan" columns on the next page:
6th Battery: 80 shot and 26 bullet shell for 3.80-inch James rifles.
7th Battery: 80 percussion shell, 160 fuse shell, and 450 bullet shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
8th Battery: 150 canister, 486 fuse shell, and 94 bullet shell for 3-inch rifles.
I'll break down the next page by section for clarity. First the stray Hotchkiss columns:
Two lines:
7th Battery: 80 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
Company A, 8th Infantry: 39 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
Turning next to the James projectiles:
One battery:
6th Battery: 116 shell and 66 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
Next the Parrott columns:
A heavy set of numbers here:
1st Battery: 2,208 shell and 1,183 case for 20-pdr Parrotts.
2nd Battery: 384 shell and 96 canister for 10-pdr Parrotts.
5th Battery: 142 shell, 168 case, and 79 canister for 10-pdr Parrotts.
12th Battery: 321 shell, 244 case, and 136 canister for 10-pdr Parrotts.
Note that 1st Battery had no guns on the report. Yet, they'd need a steamboat or two for the shells and case. Someone left something out of the reports…
But we are not done with the Parrott batteries. They also used Schenkl projectiles in those calibers:
1st Battery: 466 shot for 20-pdr Parrott.
2nd Battery: 314 shot for 10-pdr Parrott.
5th Battery: 9 shot for 10-pdr Parrott.
12th Battery: 116 shot for 10-pdr Parrott.
No more entries for the Schenkl columns:
But a lone entry for Tatham's canister:
That brings us to the small arms:
2nd Battery: Twenty Army revolvers and 153 horse artillery sabers.
6th Battery: Twenty-three cavalry sabers.
7th Battery: Thirty Army revolvers and twenty cavalry sabers.
8th Battery: Sixteen Navy revolvers and four cavalry sabers.
9th Battery: Forty-five navy revolvers and nineteen cavalry sabers.
10th Battery: Fifteen horse artillery sabers.
No real surprises here with the small arms, with quantities similar to that reported the previous quarter… where quantities are reported!
But that brings up an interesting contrast to consider. We have seen many lines for batteries without proper documentation. Wisconsin, with just two lacking (I don't count the 13th Battery here, as it didn't exist formally), is much better than most of the sections. We have two batteries – one in Tennessee and one in Virginia – with no data to consider. Of course, we can project reasons for this upon the situation. After all, the war had priority… paperwork could wait.
Yet, the 30th Wisconsin Infantry, with no "real" artillerists and scattered all over the western plains far away from the Ordnance Department, managed to provide a return for compilation. The inconsistencies of reporting in the 1860s.
3 October 2017 Craig Swain American Civil War, Artillery, Ordnance Summary Statements, Vicksburg	10th Ohio Independent Battery, 11th Ohio Independent Battery, 12th Ohio Independent Battery, 1st Ohio Independent Battery, 2nd Ohio Independent Battery, 3rd Ohio Independent Battery, 4th Ohio Independent Battery, 5th Ohio Independent Battery, 6th Ohio Independent Battery, 7th Ohio Independent Battery, 8th Ohio Independent Battery, 9th Ohio Independent Battery, Aaron C. Johnson, Anthony B. Burton, Augustus Beach, Camp Barry, Charleston WV, Cullen Bradley, Fletcher E. Armstrong, Frank C. Sands, Guy's Gap TN, Hamilton B. White, Harrison B. York, Hillsboro TN, Iuka MS, James F. Putnam, James R. McMullin, Kanawha Falls WV, Lewis Hoffman, Ships Island MS, Silas A. Burnap, Vicksburg MS, William S. Williams
Ohio, like New York, had both a regimental system for artillery and independent batteries. With the summaries for the second quarter of 1863, for some reason the Ordnance Department clerks opted to list the independent batteries before those of the 1st Ohio Light Artillery Regiment. Yet another accounting anomaly to pester historians with OCD. Looking at the summary, we find twenty-five of the twenty-six independent batteries were allocated a line:
The 26th Independent Battery? It was indeed in service at this time of the war, but under a different name. But we'll see them listed a little later… and then discuss their interesting story.
For part one, let us focus on the first twelve independent batteries:
Nine of the first twelve filed returns. Though several of those were not received by Washington until 1864.
1st Battery: No report. Captain James R. McMullin commanded this battery, supporting the Third Division, Eighth Corps. The battery moved from Kanawha Falls, to Charleston, West Virginia near the end of June. Sketches of the unit's service indicate the battery had four guns at this time. Not sure as to the type and caliber.
2nd Battery: From an April 1864 return, this battery was at Ship's Island, Mississippi with two 12-pdr field howitzers and four 3.80-inch James rifles. Lieutenant Augustus Beach commanded this battery assigned to Twelfth Division (later Third Division), Thirteenth Corps. The battery participated in the Vicksburg Campaign, and was in the lines at Vicksburg at the end of June 1863.
3rd Battery: At Vicksburg, Mississippi with two 6-pdr field guns and four 3.80-inch James Rifles. The battery was assigned to Third Division, Seventeenth Corps. Captain William S. Williams remained in command.
4th Battery: Reported, as of October 1863, at Iuka, Mississippi, with two (or three) 12-pdr field howitzers and four 3.80-inch James Rifles. However, Captain Louis Hoffman's battery was assigned to First Divsision, Fifteenth Corps. And they participated in the Vicksburg Campaign with that formation.
5th Battery: No location given. Battery reported two 6-pdr field guns, two 12-pdr field howitzers, and two 3.80-inch James Rifles. Commanded by Lieutenant Anthony B. Burton. The battery served in Fourth Division, Sixteenth Corps through the Vicksburg Campaign. During the siege, the battery operated a 42-pdr rifle and an 8-inch siege gun captured from the Confederates.
6th Battery: Reporting from Hillsboro, Tennessee with two 12-pdr Napoleons and four 10-pdr Parrotts. Captain Cullen Bradley remained in command of the battery, which was assigned to First Division, Twenty-First Corps. The battery participated in the Tullahoma Campaign. Hillsboro is roughly half-way between Murfreesboro and Chattanooga.
7th Battery: No return. In the previous quarter, the battery reported four 3.80-inch James Rifles. The battery was assigned to Fourth Division, Sixteenth Corps. Captain Silas A. Burnap remained commander. During the siege of Vicksburg, the battery guarded the rear of the Federal lines.
8th Battery: Reporting in January 1864 as at Vicksburg, Mississippi. But no guns listed. Commanded by Captain James F. Putnam, this battery was assigned to Second Division, Fifteenth Corps. During the siege of Vicksburg, the battery manned 30-pdr Parrotts (those not being considered "field guns" may explain the absence of guns on the summary).
9th Battery: Guy's Gap, Tennessee with four 12-pdr Napoleons and two 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. The battery was commanded by Captain Harrison B. York and assigned to the Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland. The battery was among the forces arrayed to protect the Army of the Cumberland's supply lines.
10th Battery: At Vicksburg, Mississippi with four 3.80-inch James Rifles. Under Captain Hamilton B. White, the battery remained with Sixth Division, Seventeenth Corps. For a time during the siege of Vicksburg, the battery occupied Fort Ransom. but the end of June found them protecting the Federal rear along the Big Black River.
11th Battery: No report. Was part of the Seventh Division, Seventeenth Corps. On paper, Captain Frank C. Sands was commander. But with Sands serving as division artillery chief, Lieutenant Fletcher E. Armstrong commanded. The battery through the Vicksburg Campaign though suffered heavily due to sickness.
12th Battery: At Camp Barry, District of Columbia with six 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. Captain Aaron C. Johnson commanded this battery. In June, the battery was among several swapped out of the Army of the Potomac for fresh batteries. They reported to the Artillery Camp of Instruction.
So we see, among these twelve batteries, a focus on Vicksburg, Mississippi. With of course a couple employed in Tennessee, one in West Virginia, and one just missing the Gettysburg Campaign.
Moving to the ammunition, first we look at the smoothbore rounds:
With 6-pdr field guns, 12-pdr field howitzers, and Napoleons on hand, this is a busy page:
2nd Battery: 74 shell, 135 case, and 69 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
3rd Battery: 70 shot, 40 case, and 56 canister for 6-pdr field guns.
4th Battery: 49 shell, 13 case, and 46 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
5th Battery: 4 shot, 235 case, and 155 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 155 shell, 64 case, and 69 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
9th Battery: 104 shot, 153 shell, 310 case, and 226 canister for 12-pdr Napoleons.
Moving to the rifled projectiles, we find a wide array of makes and calibers. Starting with the Hotchkiss patent types:
Hotchkiss for both the James and Ordnance rifles:
2nd Battery: 100 fuse shell and 90 bullet shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
3rd Battery: 112 percussion shell and 113 fuse shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
4th Battery: 64 shot and 216 percussion shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
5th Battery: 79 fuse shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
9th Battery: 85 canister, 145 fuse shell, and 155 bullet shell for 3-inch rifles.
10th Battery: 30 shot and 160 fuse shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
12th Battery: 492 fuse shell and 403 bullet shell for 3-inch rifles.
I'll break down the next page in sections for easier handling. Starting with the extended Hotchkiss columns and Dyer's patent:
Hotchkiss patent:
3rd Battery: 49 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
12th Battery: 120 canister for 3-inch rifles.
Then moving to the James patent projectiles:
2nd Battery: 100 shot and 400 shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
3rd Battery: 15 shot and 35 shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
5th Battery: 4 shot, 112 shell and 95 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
10th Battery: 103 shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
Only one battery reported Parrott rifles:
So we find one battery reporting Parrott projectiles:
6th Battery: 440 shell, 347 case, and 60 canister for 10-pdr Parrott.
But do remember 8th Battery used 30-pdr Parrotts at Vicksburg, though not listed in the summary.
Tuning to the last page, let us break the projectiles into two sections. First the Schenkl patent:
Three lines:
4th Battery: 143 shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
10th Battery: 64 shell for 3.80-inch rifles.
12th Battery: 167 shell for 3-inch rifles.
Moving to the last columns, we have Tatham's canister on hand with two batteries:
2nd Battery: 143 canister for 3.80-inch rifles.
One might expect a variety of projectiles used by the batteries at Vicksburg, given the extended supply lines. But 12th Battery, at Camp Barry, had three different patent types of 3-inch projectiles. And they were right in the Ordnance Department's back yard!
Last we have the small arms:
2nd Battery: Eight cavalry sabers.
3rd Battery: Twenty-three Navy revolvers and eight cavalry sabers.
4th Battery: Twenty-five Army revolvers, fifty-two cavalry sabers, six horse artillery sabers, and sixteen foot artillery sabers.
5th Battery: Seven Navy revolvers and sixteen cavalry sabers.
6th Battery: Ten horse artillery sabers.
9th Battery: Thirteen horse artillery sabers.
10th Battery: Two Army revolvers and six cavalry sabers.
12th Battery: Four cavalry sabers and twenty horse artillery sabers.
The 4th Battery demonstrated a fondness for edged weapons.
We'll look at the second half of the Ohio independent batteries in the next installment.
Summary Statement, 1st Quarter, 1863 – First Illinois Artillery Regiment
17 May 2016 4 April 2017 Craig Swain American Civil War, Artillery, Ordnance Summary Statements, Vicksburg	Allen C. Waterhouse, Battery A 1st Illinois, Battery B 1st Illinois, Battery C 1st Illinois, Battery D 1st Illinois, Battery E 1st Illinois, Battery F 1st Illinois, Battery G 1st Illinois, Battery H 1st Illinois, Battery I 1st Illinois, Battery K 1st Illinois, Battery L 1st Illinois, Battery M 1st Illinois, Berry's Landing, Corinth MS, Edward Bouton, Edward M. Wright, Francis De Gress, George W. Spencer, Gustave Dechsel, Henry A. Rogers, Isaac W. Curtis, John Rourke, John T. Cheney, Memphis Tennessee, Murfreesboro TN, New Creek WV, Peter P. Wood, Samuel E. Barrett, Young's Point
Assignments for individual batteries in the 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment for the first quarter, 1863 reflected the reorganizations completed during that winter for the western armies. When the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Corps reorganized into manageable formations, the batteries shifted with their supported infantry brigades to serve under new corps banners. To grasp these changes, one must dig past the basic details offered in the summary pages. A third of the regiment reported at Young's Point, Louisiana, just up the river from Vicksburg:
Here they joined an assembly of forces under Major-General Ulysses S. Grant arrayed to capture Vicksburg. Historian Marion Bragg, charged with recording the historic place names along the Mississippi River, described Young's Point in 1977:
Youngs Point, on the Louisiana side of the river just above Vicksburg, is today one of the most tranquil places imaginable. Nothing disturbs the quiet of the rural countryside but the occasional throb of a diesel towboat gliding past the point, or the chug of a farmer's tractor in one of the nearby bean or cotton fields.
In 1863, Youngs Point was literally covered with thousands upon thousands of Federal soldiers, and a whole fleet of Union Navy vessels were tied up in the willows along the shore….
A contrast in times. Those four Illinois batteries were but loops in a spring being coiled that winter.
OK, so I got to foist one of my unused sesquicentennial post illustrations upon you to preface this post. Let's get back to the battery summaries:
Again, we must look below the surface of the administrative details to see the changes from the previous quarter:
Battery A: At Young's Point with four 6-pdr field guns and two 12-pdr field howitzers. Captain Peter P. Wood commanded this battery. As part of the transformation of Thirteenth Corps, it remained under Sherman's portion of the army, assigned to Second Division, Fifteenth Corps.
Battery B: Also reporting at Young's Point, but with five 6-pdr field guns and one 12-pdr field howitzer. And this battery was also assigned to Second Division, Fifteenth Corps with the reorganization. Captain Samuel E. Barrett commanded.
Battery C: At Murfreesboro, Tennessee with two 12-pdr field howitzers and four 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. Assigned to Sheridan's division under the old Fourteenth Corps, the battery followed that division to become part of the Third Division, Twentieth Corps (NOTE: An earlier designation separate from the merged corps from the Army of the Potomac in 1864.) Lieutenant Edward M. Wright commanded.
Battery D: Reporting at Berry's Landing, Louisiana. I place this landing just upriver of Helena in Arkansas, rather than Louisiana. But, of course, there could be several landings by that name. The battery reported four 24-pdr field howitzers. With the reorganization of Thirteenth Corps, Captain Henry A. Rogers' command went to Third Division, Seventeenth Corps.
Battery E: Another reporting at Young's Point, this battery with four 3.80-inch James Rifles. A reduction from six rifles reported the previous quarter. Captain Allen C. Waterhouse commanded. With the reorganization, this battery went to Third Division, Fifteenth Corps.
Battery F: No report. The battery was stationed at Memphis through the winter of 1863, presumably still with James rifles. However, it was under First Division, Sixteenth Corps. Captain John T. Cheney commanded.
Battery G: Serving as siege artillery at Corinth, Mississippi. Lieutenant Gustave Dechsel commanded the battery.
Battery H: At Young's Point with two 20-pdr Parrott Rifles. Lieutenant Francis De Gress' battery was assigned to Second Division, Fifteenth Corps. The battery retained two 20-pdr Parrotts. And those big Parrotts would see much service during the war.
Battery I: No report. Captain Edward Bouton commanded this battery which was assigned to First Division, Sixteenth Corps.
Battery K: Memphis, Tennessee with with ten Union Repeating Guns. But as noted earlier, that column was likely being utilized by the clerks to track Woodruff guns. Lieutenant Isaac W. Curtis' battery was assigned to the Sixteenth Corps and would later see action in the cavalry operations of the Vicksburg Campaign.
Battery L: New Creek, (West) Virginia, with two 12-pdr Napoleons and four 3.80-inch James Rifles. Captain John Rourke commanded this battery, assigned to First Division, Eighth Corps.
Battery M: Reporting at Chattanooga, Tennessee (reflecting location when the return was received in February 1864) with two 12-pdr Napoleons and four 3-inch Ordnance Rifles. The battery was posted to Franklin, Tennessee during the winter of 1863. Lieutenant George W. Spencer commanded.
The guns of the 1st Illinois Artillery would make an impact later in the spring and summer months during the Vicksburg Campaign. So what ammunition did they report on hand? Starting with the smoothbores:
Yes, we have some of the extra columns here, reflecting ammunition for the big howitzers:
Battery A: 375 shot, 314 case, and 117 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 122 shell, 153 case, and 36 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
Battery B: 450 shot, 430 case, and 133 canister for 6-pdr field guns; 30 shell, 110 case, and 17 canister for their lone 12-pdr field howitzer.
Battery C: 132 shell, 180 case, and 50 canister for 12-pdr field howitzers.
Battery D: 336 shell, 225 case, and 83 canister for 24-pdr field howitzers.
Battery L: 70 shot for 6-pdr field guns; 136 shot, 192 shell, 554 case, and 132 canister for 12-pdr Napoleons. Why 6-pdr shot? Well, my guess is those were used with the James Rifles.
Battery M: 50 shot, 150 shell, and 200 case for 12-pdr Napoleons.
Moving next to the rifled projectiles, we start with the Hotchkiss-patterns:
Three lines to report:
Battery C: 234 canister, 95 percussion shell, 210 fuse shell, and 242 bullet shell in 3-inch rifle caliber.
Battery L: 156 shot, 40 percussion shell, 156 fuse shell, and 28 bullet shell in 3.80-inch (James) caliber; Also reporting 150 fuse shell in 3-inch. And I still cannot offer an explanation for the later type in this battery.
Battery M: 450 shot, 168 canister, and 250 fuse shell for 3-inch rifles.
On the next page of the summary, we can focus on just the James and Parrott columns:
Again, three batteries to consider:
Battery E: 480 shell and 160 canister of James-patent in 3.80-inch rifle caliber.
Battery H: 114 shell, 48 case, and 73 canister for 20-pdr Parrott.
Battery L: 320 shot, 36 shell, and 19 canister of James-patent for 3.80-inch rifles.
And the last page of rifled projectiles:
One line:
Battery L: 316 Schenkl shells for 3.80-inch James rifles; 172 Tatham canister for 3.80-inch rifle.
Now on to the small arms:
Considering by battery:
Battery A: Three Army revolvers, forty-four Navy revolvers, and four horse artillery sabers.
Battery B: Twenty-seven Navy revolvers and six cavalry sabers.
Battery C: Eight Navy revolvers and thirteen cavalry sabers.
Battery D: Fifteen cavalry sabers.
Battery E: Ten cavalry sabers.
Battery H: Thirteen Navy revolvers and nine cavalry sabers.
Battery K: Twenty-two Burnside's Carbines and 101 cavalry sabers.
Battery L: Seventeen Smith's Carbines, Twenty-eight Army revolvers, and 148 cavalry sabers.
Those last two lines deserve some discussion. Battery K served alongside cavalry. Battery L, on the other hand, was guarding the railroad in West Virginia. Interesting to see those batteries reporting quantities of carbines.
Keeping in sequence, we'll turn to the 2nd Illinois Light Artillery next week.
Richard, the Widow, and some other cannon: Named guns at Vicksburg
1 June 2013 1 June 2013 Craig Swain 32pdr Navy Guns, American Civil War, Blakely, Vicksburg	Siege of Vicksburg, Vicksburg, Whistling Dick, Widow Blakely
A few days back, I posted about Widow Blakely, a 7.5-inch rifled gun imported from England and used by the Confederates in defense of Vicksburg. I originally used this photo to illustrate the post:
The photo is often captioned as "Whistling Dick" of Vicksburg fame, which it is not. However, as reader D. Dickens pointed out, it is not the "Widow Blakely" either! A mistake which I should have avoided simply by referring back to my original notes on this photo!
Alas, having found myself spinning even more confusion into what is already a confusing story, I pulled the image out of the post – I'd already seen where my miss-identification was carried onto another forum. That said, I need to clear this up!
The gun in the photo, which you see reproduced often, is a 32-pdr Navy Gun. The same gun appears in other wartime photos:
Here, from my archive of 35mm photos, is a similar gun posted outside the Vicksburg visitor center (in the 1990s, however the gun was on a siege carriage at some point):
Banded and Rifled 32-pdr with trimmed muzzle at Vicksburg
Notice the loop cascabel, rear sight arrangement, band extending back to the rear sight, the front sight block over the trunnions, and the truncated muzzle. This gun has marks indicating proofing in 1849.
In Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War, Historian Warren Ripley noted this particular gun came to the park from a Vicksburg cemetery which it had guarded since at least 1874. Although provenance is not always enough to establish fact, three tons is a lot to move about. I've never researched the full history of the gun, but believe there's enough similarities between the wartime photos and the gun located at Vicksburg today to apply a "very likely" tag here.
There are several "sisters" to this gun, which I shall christen "Miss Identified." One sister is at Fort Branch, North Carolina:
Banded and Rifled 32-pdr at Fort Branch
Another "sister" is at the Washington Navy Yard:
32-pdr Navy Gun of 57cwt, Banded and Rifled, from CSS Teaser
That particular gun was captured by the US Navy on board the CSS Teaser in July 1862. And that 32-pdr is right next to the Widow Blakely's sister…
7.5-inch Blakely at the Navy Yard
…affording me a rather nice segue!
Widow Blakely at Vicksburg
We can say the bands on the Widow Blakely and "Miss Identify" are of two different types of construction. The Blakely's were done in England of course. The 32-pdr bands were done by the Confederacy, likely Tredegar in all three cases. In fact, there's good reason to believe the 32-pdrs were among those guns captured at Gosport Navy Yard in April 1861.
But the muzzle of the two guns – Blakely and "Miss Identify" – which are similar enough to fool even this old cannon hunter. Both have a few feet trimmed off to include the muzzle swell. Because both guns were damaged at Vicksburg (or at least in the vicinity of Vicksburg), very likely the work was done by a local vendor. If so, the odds on favorite is A.M. Paxton & Company. I've mentioned that firm in connection with finishing done on Quinby & Robinson guns. While the firm of A.B. Reading and Brothers sent most of their machinery to Georgia well before the siege of Vicksburg, Paxton apparently retained enough for work supporting the besieged garrison.
That's $2,000 for "Foundry work" through July 4, 1863. Paxton's account was not completely settled, even a year later.
I think we can establish, with little doubt, that Widow Blakely and "Miss Identify" were at Vicksburg at the time of the garrison's surrender. And the two guns, with only slight hesitation in regard to the 32-pdr, are at Vicksburg today. But what about "Richard"… I mean Whistling Dick?
First, let us agree beyond a shadow of a doubt, the wartime photos captioned "Whistling Dick" are indeed NOT that famous gun. The similarities between the gun in the photos and the surviving 32-pdar are far too close. And we can rule out "Richard" being a 32-pdr. In his official report of the siege, Major Samuel Lockett gave a very precise identification of the type of gun (emphasis added):
On the 29th, the usual repairs and improvements continued along the whole line: a new battery made in rear of the line left of Hall's Ferry road; the new battery in rear of General Lee improved, and "Whistling Dick" (an 18-pounder rifled piece) put in position, and a new battery started in rear of General Moore's center, but the working party was driven off by the enemy's sharpshooters, and the work stopped.
While not attributing a name to the piece, Colonel Edward Higgins report indicates only one rifled 18-pdr was in the Vicksburg siege lines. That 18-pdr was temporarily disabled on May 22, at the same time the Widow Blakely suffered its burst muzzle (go figure!). The 18-pdr was repaired and, as Lockett indicated, sent from the water batteries to reinforce the siege lines on May 28, 1863.
Do we have photos of Whistling Dick? Not that I know of. Lack of a post-surrender photo would lend credence to a Confederate veteran's 1900 account. Alfred Leach claimed the gun was dumped in the Mississippi the night before the official surrender. Why, with over a hundred other guns in the lines, this particular gun was dumped, I cannot say.
Alternatively, I would offer that, as with so many other weapons captured at Vicksburg, the rifled 18-pdr might have remained in the city. Federals later used the 10-inch columbiads, 32-pdr smoothbores, and other smaller pieces in the city garrison lines. However weapons requiring non-standard projectiles – such as the Widow Blakely, Whistling Dick, and "Miss Identify" – were shunted to the side. The Widow went to West Point, was incorrectly cited as Whistling Dick, until corrected in the 1950s. "Miss Identify," as mentioned above, probably stayed in Vicksburg guarding a cemetery until relocated to the park in the 1960s. But "Richard" is lost to the ages. A famous gun, and a rare 18-pdr siege gun at that (only one cataloged survivor of the type today), discarded without a trace.
So there you have it. My penance for an earlier mistake with the wartime photo. Let us remove the confusion about Whistling Dick, Widow Blakely, and that "other" gun.
Sources: See Ripley, Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War (Forth Edition), pages 30-32. Ripley cited Edwin Bearss, "The Vicksburg River Defenses and the Enigma of Whistling Dick" from The Journal of Mississippi History, Vol. XIX, No. 1, January 1957, page 21.
Imported seacoast rifles from England: Introducing the Widow Blakely and her sister
28 May 2013 1 June 2013 Craig Swain American Civil War, Blakely, British Cannon, Vicksburg, Washington DC	Widow Blakely
UPDATE: I've revised this post to remove a wartime photo hastily added which I identified as the Widow Blakely. Such was not the case. Please see my follow up post for the details about the guns in question.
Most cannon serve somewhat anonymously, maybe at best with an officer recording a registry number or weight. But on occasion a weapon appears with a very distinctive name. Typically, those named guns have a story to tell. That's the case with this particular gun.
The "Widow Blakely" was one of several "named guns" in the Vicksburg defenses. The name derived from that particular weapon being the only Blakely cannon in the Vicksburg siege lines. Colonel Edward Higgins cited the gun as a "7.44-inch Blakely Gun" in his report of the siege.
The Widow Blakely's origin parallels the heavy caliber James rifles and other similar conversions. In 1860, British Captain Theophilus Alexander Blakely patented a system to modify old smoothbore guns into rifles, with a breech band added for strength. The conversion required the breech moldings turned down, to allow a breech band slipped over to reenforce the critical section of the gun. The bore was also enlarged and rifled to complete the conversion. On the surface, the system was not much different than similar conversions made in America. One major difference, which may have been more semantics, was Blakely's use of a steel band (the term "steel" being used to describe several variations of metal composition during the Civil War).
In 1861, Confederate agents in England secured some of these Blakely conversions. Several variations in caliber appear among the records and surviving weapons. But concentrating for now on the Widow Blakely, the firm of Fawcett, Preston & Company secured British naval 42-pdr, of 57 cwt, smoothbore guns from Low Moor Iron Company. And it is important to note, these were likely not Royal Navy guns, but rather pattern guns produced by Low Moor and seconded for conversion.
The 42-pdrs started out with a 7-inch bore. The conversion reamed out an additional half inch with the rifling process. For some reason, which is not entirely clear, Confederate records cite the weapons as 7.44-inch. The guns were 124 inches in overall length, including a breeching loop.
Most likely the gun that became the Widow Blakely arrived in Savannah via the blockade runner Bermuda in September 1861. However a very similar gun was also purchased by the state of Virginia and used in the state's defenses along the Potomac River. It was captured the following spring by Federal forces, and is today part of the Washington Navy Yard trophy collection.
7.5-inch Blakely at Washington Navy Yard
The gun bears the trunnion stamp of Low Moor.
Low Moor Trunnion Stamp
The breech reinforcement was built up with three separate rings.
Breech Band on 7.5-inch Blakely
The muzzle betrays the gun's origin as an old smoothbore design.
Muzzle of 7.5-inch Blakely
The rifling, which still stands out clearly, was a triangular 12 groove.
Rifling of 7.5-inch Blakely
Do be mindful of those renting space there at the top groove.
This is what the Widow Blakely originally looked like, more or less.
But, as mentioned above, the Widow Blakely suffered a mishap. A premature shell explosion damaged the muzzle. With heavy ordnance in short supply, the Vicksburg defenders cut the muzzle back a couple feet to repair the gun. There's reference to its use as a mortar, although I'd say the employment was much closer to that of the columbiads.
The Widow is still there at Vicksburg, having spent some time at West Point's trophy yard.
From the trunnions back, the Widow matches well to her "sister" gun at the Washington Navy Yard.
Water batteries against gunboats: Defenses of Vicksburg, part 2
23 May 2013 Craig Swain American Civil War, Vicksburg	Siege of Vicksburg
Continuing from yesterday's post on the Confederate defenses of Vicksburg, now let me turn to the big guns… and those with some real "names." During the siege of Vicksburg not all the pressure the defenders came from the land approaches. With Federal gunboats still working along the Mississippi, the Confederates had every reason to retain the batteries at the city's riverfront. Those heavy guns would parry any attempt by the Federals to take the city by riverine assault.
Colonel Edward Higgins commanded the river batteries. In his consolidated report of the siege, filed on July 25, 1863, he offered a list of cannons under his command and their dispositions:
The line of batteries extended along the river front, commencing at a point above Fort Hill, on the right of my line, to a redoubt which terminated the extreme right of the rear lines and met my left, a distance of 3 miles, and consisted of 8 10-inch columbiads, 1 9-inch Dahlgren, 1 8-inch columbiad, 1 7.44-inch Blakely gun, 1 7-inch Brooks, 1 6.4-inch Brooks, 3 smooth-bore 42-pounders, 2 smooth-bore 32-pounders, 8 banded and unbanded 32-pounder rifles, 1 18-pounder rifle, 1 20-pounder Parrott, 1 Whitworth, 1 10-inch mortar, 1 8-inch siege howitzer, making in all 31 pieces of heavy artillery, besides 13 pieces of light artillery, which were placed in position to prevent a landing of the enemy on the city front. These batteries were divided into three commands, as follows: The upper batteries, from Fort Hill to the upper bayou, were worked by the First Tennessee Artillery, under Col. Andrew Jackson, jr. The center batteries, or those immediately on the city front, were under charge of Maj. F. N. Ogden, Eighth Louisiana Artillery Battalion, to whose command was attached Capt. S.C. Bains' company, of Vaiden Light Artillery. The lower batteries were in charge of the First Louisiana Artillery, under Lieut. Col. D. Beltzhoover. A portion of the Twenty-third [Twenty-second] Louisiana Volunteers was joined to Lieutenant-Colonel Beltzhoover's command.
The batteries offered an impressive weight of fire, on paper at least. Keep in mind that some of these guns arrived at at time that other sectors, namely Charleston, were also requesting heavy guns.
On May 18, 1863, Federal gunboats appeared both up and downstream of Vicksburg, seemingly prepared to rush up with the anticipated infantry assault. The following day, positions on the north end of the river batteries came under fire of Federal sharpshooters. Responding to that threat, traverses went up overnight to the side and rear of the four gun water battery. Throughout May 20 and 21, Federal gunboats and mortar boats maintained fire on the batteries but with little effect.
Timed with army assaults on the lines, again the navy moved up to bombard the river batteries. Higgins reported:
On the 22d, at 9 a.m., four iron-clads and one wooden gunboat engaged the lower batteries, and after an engagement of one hour and a half were repulsed. Two of the iron-clads were seriously damaged. This engagement was creditable To the First Louisiana Artillery, who, with ten guns, mostly of small caliber, contested successfully against thirty-two heavy guns of the enemy. Our casualties were only 2 wounded during the fight; one 10-inch columbiad and the 18-pounder rifled gun were temporarily disabled. The Blakely gun burst at the muzzle.
The siege had just began and three of Higgins' best guns were on the disabled list. All three were eventually returned to service. The Blakely, soon obtaining the nickname "Widow Blakely" as it was the only weapon of that type in the lines, was repaired by cutting down the cracked muzzle. The 18-pdr rifle was likely the famous "Whistling Dick," and likewise returned to service.
On May 23 Higgins released eleven of his light field pieces to reinforce the landward defenses (and thus those guns appear on the table shown yesterday). With pressing needs in the siege lines, later more of the guns and crews shifted to the landward side. The two Brooke rifles burst during the siege. For the rest of the siege, the remaining heavy guns worked against the gunboat threat and also fired counter-battery against Federal weapons on the Louisiana shore. (And I plan to examine some of the more interesting of those exchanges in line with 150th anniversaries, with this being a "setup" post in that regard.)
According to Higgins' report, the last shots from the river batteries came at 5 p.m. on July 3.
(Higgins' report comes from OR, Series I, Volume 24, Part II, Serial 37, pages 336-340.)
Redans and field artillery: The defenses of Vicksburg, Part 1
22 May 2013 22 May 2013 Craig Swain American Civil War, Vicksburg	Samuel H. Lockett, Siege of Vicksburg, William T. Withers
From an artillery perspective, the siege of Vicksburg offers interesting characters such as "Whistling Dick" and "Widow Blakely" But the heaviest burden for the defense of the city fell to field artillery batteries facing the Federals entrenched around the city. The transition of field artillery to garrison roles brings the requirement for something more than field expedient earthworks.
The man tasked with building those works was Major Samuel H. Lockett, Chief Engineer for Lieutenant-General John C. Pemberton. Lockett started his task by improving and repairing existing works constructed the previous December. Working under Lockett was a team of engineer officers, sappers, miners, and contract labor –
The working force under my control was as follows:
Twenty-six sappers and miners, of Captain Wintter's company; 8 detailed mechanics and foremen; 4 overseers for negroes; 72 negroes hired, 20 being sick; 3 four-mule teams, 25 yoke of draught oxen.
An accurate return of the intrenching tools was never obtained, from the fact that they were always employed and so much scattered. The number, however, was not far from 500 of all kinds.
The work on the lines was generally done by fatigue parties detailed from each command to work within the limits of its own line.
Lockett's engineers began directly working to improve the lines on the night of May 17. The following day most of the artillery was in positions, though not fully prepared positions.
Between the 18th and 22d, the enemy succeeded in establishing their line of circumvallation at about the distance of 800 yards, extending from our extreme left to in front of the square redoubt (Fort Garrott) on the right of Brigadier-General Lee's line. The fire of their artillery and sharpshooters soon became quite annoying, and showed the necessity of erecting numerous traverses to prevent enfilading fires, and the importance of having covered approaches from the rear. All of these improvements were made as rapidly as possible by the engineers, with fatigue parties working at night.
These improvements came none t0o soon:
On the 22d, the enemy's artillery fire was very heavy along their whole line, and a determined assault was made on the Graveyard, Jackson, and Baldwin's Ferry roads, and along the whole of General Lee's front on the right of the railroad. A breach was made in the redoubt near the railroad (Fort Pettus), and many other of the raised works were considerably battered. All damages were repaired, however, at night, and the morning of the 23d found our works in as good condition as at the beginning of the enemy's operations.
The enemy, being apparently satisfied with their attempts at carrying our works by assault, now commenced their regular approaches, and soon had possession of a line of hills on the main roads, not exceeding 350 yards distance from our salient points. These hills they crowned with heavy batteries and connected as rapidly as possible with their second parallel.
Up to this time, Major-General Ulysses S. Grant's troops ran a string of victories across central Mississippi. Lockett's work allowed the Confederates to stop these otherwise unchecked Federal advances. With that, the Vicksburg Campaign transitioned to a bona fide siege.
In Lockett's entrenchments were 102 cannons. Colonel William T. Withers provided a detailed list of the weapons in the siege lines to the rear of Vicksburg:
Notice the most numerous type was the 6-pdr field gun. While useful at the shorter engagement ranges, in particular countering the sappers working forward on the parallels, those guns still lacked the throw weight needed. On the other hand, those fifteen 12-pdr howitzers fired a useful projectile, and their higher angle trajectory came in handy. Vicksburg's defenders placed most of the heavy smoothbores and rifled guns on the waterfront. The defenders on the land side had precious few heavy rifles. And the defenders' only mortar faced the river.
Those 102 cannons, in positions laid out by Lockett's engineers, became the focus of six weeks of siege operations. The pick, axe, and shovel rivaled the musket in importance during late spring 1863.
(Lockett's report is from OR, Series I, Volume 24, Part II, Serial 37, pages 329-331, with the full report continuing to page 335. Wither's table is part of his report on page 336.)


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