Knowledge of the cardiovascular effects of sildenafil is important for a number of reasons. The main risk factors for the erectile dysfunction (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking) are the same as those for coronary artery disease. The reported cardiovascular side effects of sildenafil in normal healthy population are minor and mainly associated with vasodialation (i.e. headache, flushing and small decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Authors report the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after the use of sildenafil in a normal healthy individual. To the best of our knowledge, there are only few case reports in the literature showing occurrence of atrial fibrillation with use of sildenafil.
Ghofrani HA, Osterloh IH, Grimminger F. Sildenafil: From angina to erectile dysfunction to pulmonary hypertension and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5:689-702.
Hayashi K, Minezaki KK, Narukawa M, Ookubo M, Mitsuhashi T, Shimada K. Atrial fibrillation and continuous hypotension induced by sildenafil in an intermittent WPW syndrome patient. Jpn Heart J. 1999;40:827-30.
Shah PK. Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:699.
Awan GM, Calderon E, Dawood G, Alpert MA. Acute, symptomatic atrial fibrillation after sildenafil citrate therapy in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Am J Med Sci. 2000;320:69-71.
Hahn IH, Hoffman RS. Aroused to atrial fibrillation? Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:642.
Van der Hooft CS, Heeringa J, van Herpen G, et al. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2117-24.
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1981 Aug 1;30(2):239-45.


text:
Anne Gilbert
+65 6227 8986 agilbert@marks-clerk.com.sg
Anne is a Chartered (UK) Patent Attorney and a European Patent Attorney. Anne's experience spans both chemistry and physics/electronics, and includes material science, semiconductor devices, polymer chemistry, printing ink compositions, telecommunications, computer-implemented inventions and machine learning. Anne handles a wide variety of work including drafting of new applications and worldwide patent prosecution, particularly in the UK and Europe. Anne also has experience working on freedom to operate matters and in Opposition proceedings at the European Patent Office.
Anne graduated from Oxford University in 2004 with a first class Masters Degree in Chemistry and in 2008 with a doctorate in Theoretical Chemistry. She joined Marks & Clerk in 2012, starting her career in our London office before moving to Singapore in early 2020. She speaks French and Japanese and has obtained level N1 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (日本語能力試験 N1).
MChem, DPhil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is one of the most popular scented teas, often served in Chinese restaurants as a pleasant after meal beverage. To scent tea the jasmine petals are usually dried and powdered. Our own blend, however, is time-consumingly layered in trays above jasmine petals so the scent is absorbed into the fabric of the leaf.
Without a doubt the most astoundingly beautiful tea to shed blossom in our cajovna this delicately made ball of high quality long fujien green tea leaves comes alive on contact with water, slowly opening out and revealing a little secret, a pink lily flower with a spark of white jasmine. As tasty as it looks this is an essential experience for the tea crazed meditator.
Black Pu-Erh tea mini balls blended with dried chrysanthemum petals, a unique and very ancient tradition full of flowery darkness.
This is a traditional scented black tea scented with lotus petals.
The first sip of this tea will send your head to the gardens of Babylon. With a well blended body and a natural refreshing bergamot flavour, this is by far the best Earl Grey I have ever had. This tea is based on a fine blend of Darjeeling and Assam BOPs.
Black Ceylonese tea brewed with aromatic cinnamon. A popular tea in Persia.
Bursting with flowery, fruity passion, this flavoured Japanese green tea nevertheless can bring you into a state of relaxed meditation, perhaps with all the mental agility of the youthful little Buddha himself?
Yummy caramel sweetness with tea's herbal consistency.
Using natural ginger root we believe this to be another of our good, refreshing and spicy specialities.


text:
"""Run a YOLO_v2 style detection model on test images."""
import colorsys
import imghdr
import os
import io
import random
import socket
import requests

import numpy as np
from keras import backend as K
from keras.models import load_model
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont

from yolo.yad2k.models.keras_yolo import yolo_eval, yolo_head

import time
import timeit
import sys
import datetime
import logging

import cv2
from picamera.array import PiRGBArray
from picamera import PiCamera

# vlc tcp/h264://dns-sd -G  v4 raspberrypi7.local | grep  -E -o "(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)":50001

time_url = 'http://api.timezonedb.com/v2/get-time-zone?key=HLAF2RCDDEWF&by=zone&zone=Europe/Rome&format=json'

def testRectIn(targX, targY, targH, targW, left, top, right, bottom):
    x_1 = max(targX, left)  # prendo i 4 punti, quelli di target e di box, in questo modo trovo le intersezioni
    y_1 = max(targY, top)  # poi faccio il confronto fra le due aree
    x_2 = min(targH + targX, right)
    y_2 = min(targW + targY, bottom)
    A_yolo = (right - left) * (bottom - top)
    A_inter = (x_2 - x_1) * (y_2 - y_1)  # area intersezione
    A_target = (targW) * (targH)  # area target
    if A_inter / A_target >= 0.3 and A_yolo / A_target < 3:  # altro coso da settare sperimentalmente
        return True
    return False

def mat_to_byte_array(mat, ext):
    # mat = resize(mat)
    # print(mat.shape)
    succes, img = cv2.imencode(ext, mat)
    bytedata = img.tostring()
    return succes, bytedata

def resize(mat, preferred_dimensions=(720, 480)):
    original_dimensions = (mat.shape[0], mat.shape[1])
    if original_dimensions != (0, 0):
        max_size_out = min(preferred_dimensions)
        max_size_in = max(original_dimensions)
        factor = max_size_out/max_size_in
        if factor < 1:
            mat = cv2.resize(mat, dsize=None, fx=factor, fy=factor, interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
            # print("Resized")
    return mat

try:

    model_path = "yolo/model_data/tiny-yolo-voc.h5"
    assert model_path.endswith('.h5'), 'Keras model must be a .h5 file.'
    anchors_path = "yolo/model_data/tiny-yolo-voc_anchors.txt"
    classes_path = "yolo/model_data/pascal_classes.txt"

    sess = K.get_session()
    with open(classes_path) as f:
        class_names = f.readlines()
    class_names = [c.strip() for c in class_names]

    with open(anchors_path) as f:
        anchors = f.readline()
        anchors = [float(x) for x in anchors.split(',')]
        anchors = np.array(anchors).reshape(-1, 2)

    yolo_model = load_model(model_path)

    # Verify model, anchors, and classes are compatible
    num_classes = len(class_names)
    num_anchors = len(anchors)
    model_output_channels = yolo_model.layers[-1].output_shape[-1]
    assert model_output_channels == num_anchors * (num_classes + 5), \
        'Mismatch between model and given anchor and class sizes. ' \
        'Specify matching anchors and classes with --anchors_path and ' \
        '--classes_path flags.'
    # print('{} model, anchors, and classes loaded.'.format(model_path))

    # Check if model is fully convolutional, assuming channel last order.
    model_image_size = yolo_model.layers[0].input_shape[1:3]
    is_fixed_size = model_image_size != (None, None)

    # Generate colors for drawing bounding boxes.
    hsv_tuples = [(x / len(class_names), 1., 1.) for x in range(len(class_names))]
    colors = list(map(lambda x: colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(*x), hsv_tuples))
    colors = list(map(lambda x: (int(x[0] * 255), int(x[1] * 255), int(x[2] * 255)), colors))
    random.seed(10101)  # Fixed seed for consistent colors across runs.
    random.shuffle(colors)  # Shuffle colors to decorrelate adjacent classes.
    random.seed(None)  # Reset seed to default.

    # Generate output tensor targets for filtered bounding boxes.
    yolo_outputs = yolo_head(yolo_model.output, anchors, len(class_names))
    input_image_shape = K.placeholder(shape=(2,))
    boxes, scores, classes = yolo_eval(yolo_outputs, input_image_shape, score_threshold=.3, iou_threshold=.5)

    logging.basicConfig(filename='carLog.log', level=logging.DEBUG)
    toFind = "car"

    # instaurazione server
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    get_ip = os.popen(
        'ifconfig | grep -Eo "inet (addr:)?([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*" | grep -Eo "([0-9]*\.){3}[0-9]*" | grep -v "127.0.0.1"').read()

    myip = get_ip.strip("\n")

    server_address = (myip, 50001)

    print(server_address)

    sock.bind(server_address)
    sock.listen(1)

    print("Listening")

    connection, client_address = sock.accept()
    print("Connected to " + str(client_address))

    #fine impostazioni connessione

    # cap = cv2.VideoCapture("video.mkv")
    camera = PiCamera()
    # camera.resolution = (640, 480)
    # camera.framerate = 32
    rawCapture = PiRGBArray(camera)

    time.sleep(0.1)

    # read coordinates.txt

    coord = open('coordinates.txt', 'r')
    array = []
    for item in coord:
        array.append(item)
    coord.close()

    lines = array[0].split(')')
    line = ''.join(lines)
    lines = line.split('(')
    del lines[0]
    position = []
    for item in lines:
        a = item.split(',')
        position.append([int(a[0]), int(a[1])])

    # position = [[x,y], [x,y], [x,y], [x,y]]
    print("position = " + str(position))

    nTarget = int((len(position))/2)
    print("nTarget = " + str(nTarget))

    variables = []
    for i in range(nTarget):
        variables.append([False, False, 0])
    print(variables)

    target = []

    for l in range(0, len(position)-1, 2):
        cord1 = [position[l]]
        cord2 = [position[l+1]]
        target.append([cord1[0][0], cord1[0][1], cord2[0][0]-cord1[0][0], cord2[0][1]-cord1[0][1]])
    print("target = " + str(target))

    ccc = 0
    print(camera.resolution)

    for imagex in camera.capture_continuous(rawCapture, format="bgr", use_video_port=True):

        print(ccc)
        ccc += 1
        # ret, im = cap.read()
        rawCapture.truncate(0)
        im = imagex.array
        image = Image.fromarray(im)

        carFound = []
        for i in range(0, nTarget):
            carFound.append([])

        if is_fixed_size:
            resized_image = image.resize(tuple(reversed(model_image_size)), Image.BICUBIC)
            image_data = np.array(resized_image, dtype='float32')
        else:
            # Due to skip connection + max pooling in YOLO_v2, inputs must have
            # width and height as multiples of 32.
            new_image_size = (image.width - (image.width % 32), image.height - (image.height % 32))
            resized_image = image.resize(new_image_size, Image.BICUBIC)
            image_data = np.array(resized_image, dtype='float32')

        image_data /= 255.
        image_data = np.expand_dims(image_data, 0)  # Add batch dimension.

        out_boxes, out_scores, out_classes = sess.run([boxes, scores, classes], feed_dict={yolo_model.input: image_data, input_image_shape: [image.size[1], image.size[0]], K.learning_phase(): 0})

        for i, c in reversed(list(enumerate(out_classes))):
            predicted_class = class_names[c]
            box = out_boxes[i]
            score = out_scores[i]
            top, left, bottom, right = box
            top = max(0, np.floor(top + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            left = max(0, np.floor(left + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            bottom = min(image.size[1], np.floor(bottom + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            right = min(image.size[0], np.floor(right + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            data = [[top, left, bottom, right], predicted_class]

            for x in range(0, nTarget):
                if testRectIn(target[x][0], target[x][1], target[x][2], target[x][3], left, top, right, bottom) and data[1] == toFind:
                    carFound[x].append(data)

        for idx, it in enumerate(carFound):
            if len(it) is 0:
                variables[idx][0] = False
            else:
                variables[idx][0] = True

        font = ImageFont.truetype(
            font='yolo/font/FiraMono-Medium.otf',
            size=np.floor(3e-2 * image.size[1] + 0.5).astype('int32'))
        thickness = (image.size[0] + image.size[1]) // 300

        for i, c in reversed(list(enumerate(out_classes))):
            predicted_class = class_names[c]
            box = out_boxes[i]
            score = out_scores[i]

            label = '{}'.format(predicted_class)

            draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
            label_size = draw.textsize(label, font)

            top, left, bottom, right = box
            top = max(0, np.floor(top + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            left = max(0, np.floor(left + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            bottom = min(image.size[1], np.floor(bottom + 0.5).astype('int32'))
            right = min(image.size[0], np.floor(right + 0.5).astype('int32'))

            if top - label_size[1] >= 0:
                text_origin = np.array([left, top - label_size[1]])
            else:
                text_origin = np.array([left, top + 1])

            for l in range(thickness):
                draw.rectangle(
                    [left + l, top + l, right - l, bottom - l],
                    outline=colors[c])
            draw.rectangle(
                [tuple(text_origin), tuple(text_origin + label_size)],
                fill=colors[c])
            draw.text(text_origin, label, fill=(0, 0, 0), font=font)
            del draw

        image1 = np.array(image)
        for idr, rect in enumerate(target):
            cv2.rectangle(image1, (rect[0], rect[1]), (rect[0]+rect[2],rect[1]+rect[3]), (0, 170, 100), 2)
            cv2.rectangle(image1, (rect[0], rect[1] - 20), (rect[0] + 50, rect[1] - 2), (0, 170, 100), -1)
            cv2.putText(image1, 'Park'+str(idr), (rect[0], rect[1] - 5), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (255, 255, 255), 1)

        #image1 = Image.fromarray(image1)

        for idy, obj in enumerate(variables):
            if obj[0] is not obj[1]:
                obj[2] += 1
                if obj[2] > 3:
                    # clock = time.strftime("%c")
                    r = requests.get(time_url)
                    data = r.json()
                    clock = data['formatted']
                    if obj[0]:
                        c_ar = "Car in Park" + str(idy) + " has arrived at: " + clock
                        print("\n" + c_ar)
                        cv2.imwrite('/home/pi/PROJECTPARKD/rasp-parkDetecting/CarMoved/' + c_ar + '.jpg', image1)
                    else:
                        c_l = "Car in Park" + str(idy) + " has left at: " + clock
                        print("\n" + c_l)
                        cv2.imwrite('/home/pi/PROJECTPARKD/rasp-parkDetecting/CarMoved/' + c_l + '.jpg', image1)
                    obj[1] = obj[0]
                    obj[2] = 0
            else:
                obj[2] = 0

        success, encodedimg = mat_to_byte_array(image1, ".jpg")

        if success:
            # print(str(len(encodedimg)))

            start = "S"
            type = "img"

            array = bytearray(start.encode('utf-8'))
            array.extend(type.encode('utf-8'))
            array.extend(len(encodedimg).to_bytes(4, 'big'))
            array.extend(encodedimg)

            try:

                connection.sendall(array)
                print(len(encodedimg))
                # print("im sent")
            except:
                print("Connection Lost, reconnecting...")
                connection, client_address = sock.accept()
                print("Connected to " + str(client_address))
                # time.sleep(0.1)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # Clean up the connection
    connection.close()
    print("Connection closed")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
10 Content Marketing Tools You Should Be Using in 2022
As a marketer, you have a crazy number of options to choose from for content marketing software.
I've been doing content marketing in various forms for over six years now. In that time, I've used and tested a bunch of tools. There are some, though, that I find myself coming back to week after week, as these tools have become an integral part of my workflows.
So rather than overwhelm you with a list of 40+ content marketing tools, here are 10 that are tried and tested to help you be more effective and efficient in content marketing. They are:
Wordable
Hemingway App
A toolkit for content marketing research and analysis.
Ahrefs is a suite of tools that you can use to make smart, data-informed content marketing decisions. Here are three things you can do with Ahrefs that thousands of other content marketers are already doing every day:
Find out what potential customers are typing into Google with Ahrefs' Keywords Explorer – This is a research tool that helps you to find new keyword ideas for content. You can search and filter keywords and also get data on search volume, Traffic Potential (TP), Keyword Difficulty (KD), and more.
Analyze your competitors' content and traffic with Ahrefs' Site Explorer – This is a competitor analysis tool. By searching any domain in it, you can find data on which pages attract the most organic search traffic, which keywords competitors rank for, which pages are attracting backlinks, and more.
See which pieces of content are performing the best using Ahrefs' Content Explorer – This is a research tool that lets you find relevant content in your industry that attracts lots of organic search traffic, gets social shares, and generates backlinks.
Ahrefs is built with simplicity in mind. You don't need to be technically proficient (or even experienced in content marketing) to use it. The UI has lots of helpful tooltips to explain features and metrics.
Also, there's a wealth of educational content on the Ahrefs blog and YouTube channel to help you maximize your results.
My favorite feature
Ahrefs recently added a metric called Traffic Potential, and it has quickly become one of my favorite features. It tells you how much organic traffic the top-ranking page for that keyword gets in total. That helps you to quickly compare opportunities and forecast potential results.
Keyword search volume alone isn't a very good indication of how much traffic you can expect if you rank #1. Usually, you expect a page to rank for a bunch of related keywords at the same time. It's possible to research those manually, but it's slow and likely to be inaccurate.
Instead, Traffic Potential gives you a quick insight at a glance. It also means you can now sort lists in Keywords Explorer (or spreadsheets after exporting) by Traffic Potential, which saves a ton of time when content planning.
Ahrefs offers Ahrefs Webmaster Tools for free, which gives full access to the Site Explorer and Site Audit tools to explore your own website data. You can sign up here.
To do keyword research and competitor analysis for your content marketing, you'll need a paid plan. Those start from $83 per month (paid annually), with higher pricing tiers offering extra features and higher usage limits. View pricing and sign up here.
A free tool by Google that helps you manage and analyze search performance.
Google Search Console (GSC) is a free tool offered by Google to help webmasters learn about their websites' performance in Google. It also helps to:
Manage a website's appearance on the SERPs.
Troubleshoot SEO and responsiveness issues.
Submit XML sitemaps.
Find (very basic) backlinks information for pages.
If organic search performance is important to your content marketing strategy, this is a tool you'll want to get familiar with.
Example of the Performance report in the GSC dashboard.
GSC is a powerful tool when it comes to updating, refreshing, and optimizing content.
Why? Well, by going to the Performance report, you can learn which search terms people are using to find each of your webpages. There, it's common to find additional secondary keywords that you haven't yet optimized for but can likely bring more relevant organic traffic.
Let's take a look at an example. This affiliate site has published an article pursuing the keyword "best hunting knife."
GSC reports that this page is already starting to generate clicks from related keywords, including "best value hunting knife," despite not directly addressing that topic in the content.
There are sections recommending knives for different price points, but nothing to conclude which knives are the best value overall. By adding a new section to cover that, the page is likely to rank higher and get more conversions from that keyword because the intent is better satisfied.
GSC is a completely free tool.
A free tool by Google that helps you understand your website traffic and user behavior.
If you've ever owned or worked on a website, you've probably at least heard of Google Analytics.
It's a free tool that gives you a range of data about the activity happening on your website, e.g., where users come from, how many visitors you have, and information about them (demographic, geography, device type, etc.). It also helps you to track user behavior on the site.
This is another free tool that content marketers should definitely have in their arsenal.
In the context of content marketing, Google Analytics is most useful for measuring content performance.
The view I find myself looking at the most is in Behavior > Site Content > Landing Pages. Here, you can get a breakdown of content performance (for each page that users enter your site from) through the following:
Conversions and conversion rate
Time on page
Pages per session
New vs. returning users
You can analyze that data and make decisions to improve your content. For example, if you find a low conversion rate on a high-intent page that you believe should be converting better, it can prompt some CRO initiatives.
Google Analytics is a completely free tool.
A tool for converting Google Docs into blog posts quickly.
If you're working with a lot of freelance writers who deliver their work in Google Docs, you're going to love Wordable. It drastically speeds up the process of transferring the content over to your CMS by connecting to your Google Drive account and importing/exporting your content.
Currently, Wordable works with WordPress, Medium, and HubSpot. The Ahrefs marketing team has been using Wordable for years too!
– Do you write your content in Google Docs?
– Does your blog run on WordPress?
I hope you're using @wordable_io 🔥 then, because if not — you're sesiously missing out.
Our content team at @ahrefs has been using this tool for at least 2 years now and it SAVED US TONS OF TIME!
— Tim Soulo 🇺🇦 (@timsoulo) January 13, 2022
Wordable's extra settings for WordPress exports are great. Settings are available to do all of the following things in one click:
Set outbound links to nofollow
Set links to open in a new tab
Compress large images
Select publish status (e.g., draft for one final check)
These are big time-savers, even if you only upload from Google Docs a few times per month.
Wordable offers a free trial of five article exports. Paid plans start from $49/month for one user, three sites, and 50 article exports. View pricing and sign up here.
A website behavior analysis tool.
Hotjar is well known for its heatmap and visitor recording features. It helps you to gather data on how people are interacting with your pages. Heatmaps show you a visual overview of where people are scrolling and clicking, while (GDPR-compliant) session recordings help you see exactly what your users are seeing.
That's not all, though. Hotjar has more user behavior analysis tools. One that is useful for content marketing is its user surveys tool. You can directly ask users questions, such as whether or not your content satisfied what they were looking for.
I like to use Hotjar's heatmaps to help with measuring content performance. If you're working on maximizing the conversion rate of an article, learning about how people interact with your CTAs is really important.
Heatmaps help you to see how often people click different CTAs (e.g., contextual anchors vs. sidebars vs. CTA blocks) and to adjust your strategy accordingly.
I've been surprised on more than one occasion by how little (or often) certain CTAs get used or ignored. Patterns aren't always consistent across websites, business models, and industries. A heatmap is the best way to get that data.
The alternative is to set up triggers in Google Tag Manager, but it's more complex to set up and analyze. Plus, you don't quite get the same visual overview as with a heatmap.
Hotjar offers a free plan, usable for up to 35 daily sessions. Paid plans start from $31 per month, unlocking additional features and raising usage limits. View pricing and sign up here.
A tool for connecting apps and automating tasks.
You can use Zapier to integrate tools you use where a direct integration isn't available. The use cases are pretty much infinite for this, but here are a few that are relevant to you as a content marketer. You can automatically do the following:
Post on social media every time a new blog is published
Get a Slack notification when someone fills in your Typeform research survey
Push an email address from your form builder into your email marketing tool
Get alerts when anyone mentions your content/brand on Reddit
If you have any repetitive tasks that require a popular software tool, there's a good chance Zapier can automate them for you.
My favorite Zapier feature is Multi-Step Zaps. It does exactly what its name suggests, letting you run multiple automated actions from a single trigger.
Here's a relevant example for content marketers. By connecting your WordPress account to Zapier, you can trigger actions when a new post is created (whether that's a draft or a published post).
For this example, I created a Slack alert, as well as an action to create a ClickUp task for proofreading and editing with an assignee and description. There are a bunch of other automations you can choose from to fit into your content workflow too.
There are already 4,000+ apps connected, with tens of thousands of different triggers and actions. That means the majority of automation ideas you have will be possible straight out of the box without customization.
Zapier offers a free version for up to 100 tasks per month, with some limitations. Paid plans unlock new features and add more monthly tasks. Prices start from $19.99 per month (paid annually). View pricing and sign up here.
An all-in-one work management platform for tasks, documents, communications, and more.
ClickUp has rapidly grown its feature set in recent years. It is now a feasible replacement for a ton of different apps, being capable of managing content marketing tasks, calendars, and workflows in one place.
As well as managing end-to-end content marketing workflows at scale (more on this in just a second), ClickUp can be used for the following:
Setting goals for your team
Creating and storing documentation
Internal team chat/communication
Reporting on progress
Gathering and analyzing information with forms
For content marketing, I think ClickUp adds the most value in being able to systemize your workflows. As your team grows, it gets harder and harder to "quality assure" everything and ensure every piece of content goes through the correct processes.
You can use features like task templates and checklists to speed things up and achieve some consistency in your content systems. That can be applied to any part of the workflow: research, writing, editing, promotion, and so on.
You can read this blog post to learn how the ClickUp content team manages its own content marketing projects inside ClickUp by using templates, checklists, and more:
ClickUp offers a "free forever" plan, which is good for personal use. For working in a content team, you'll need a paid plan. These start at $5 per team member per month (paid annually). View pricing and sign up here.
A DIY graphic design tool for social media, presentations, websites, and more.
Canva is an intuitive drag-and-drop design tool built for people who are not professional designers.
It's a great alternative to more "advanced" design software, such as Photoshop and Illustrator, and allows beginners to create professional-looking graphics without design experience.
Canva can help you to design featured images for blogs, thumbnails for videos and podcasts, social media graphics, and more.
It's a simple one. But one of my favorite things to use Canva for is removing image backgrounds. At the start of my marketing career, it was a pain to remove the background from an image, and it typically would require some skill in a tool like Photoshop.
Canva's one-click background remover is super handy, is reliable, and requires zero graphic design skills.
Other than that, I think that one of Canva's biggest selling points is its huge template library. Being able to quickly customize existing templates that already have great fonts, colors, and spacing makes it easy to create a professional-looking design quickly.
Canva has a "free forever" plan, which is powerful enough to get you started with DIY graphic design. Paid plans start from $17.98 per month. View pricing and sign up here.
A tool for writing effective and error-free content.
When publishing any kind of written work, making sure your writing is free of mistakes is a basic requirement for quality content. Grammarly is known for doing a great job of picking up any errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
It's a great way to speed up your proofreading process before releasing your content to the world.
Grammarly has a great Chrome Extension. This means you can get Grammarly's functionality anywhere on the web without wasting time pasting your content into Grammarly's editor, then copying the updated content over to your original workspace again.
In addition, there's a great tone detection feature. You can use it to get feedback on whether you're coming across how you intended (e.g., formal/informal).
It can also be useful for detecting and removing hedging language. This can help you come across as more confident in your communication.
Grammarly has a great free version that helps with grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Premium plans start from $12/month and unlock features for inclusive language, plagiarism, fluency, and more. View pricing and sign up here.
A content editing tool for conciseness and clarity.
At a glance, it may seem redundant to use Hemingway and Grammarly together. But while Grammarly is mainly focused on correctness, Hemingway is great for concise writing. You can use them together effectively.
Like Grammarly, you can either write directly in the editor or copy/paste your writing from another source for editing. You'll get instant feedback on:
Readability score (including highlighted sentences that are difficult to read).
Word and phrase choices.
Usage of active vs. passive voice.
Readability grading is a great feature of Hemingway. It's quick and easy to understand. The higher the grade, the more complex your sentences and word choices are.
If you're catering to a global audience (including non-native speakers), ensuring simplicity in your writing is important. Simple copy can help a lot with conversions too, and the app is the best free way to grade your writing.
Other than that, Hemingway has one-click integrations with Medium and WordPress. These make it super quick and easy to publish right from the Hemingway editor.
Without those integrations, a considerable amount of time is added to your editing process when you copy over your changes. So this is a useful solution. It's only available in the premium version of Hemingway, but it's affordable.
The majority of Hemingway's functionality is completely free. You can use the web app without logging in or downloading anything. The premium version is available for $19.99, which gets you the desktop app for working offline and some additional features.
None of these content marketing tools are absolutely essential. But I won't like to do content marketing work without them. They all, in various ways, improve your effectiveness and execution speed as a content marketer.
If you want to keep learning more about content marketing, here are some great resources you can check out next:
Got questions? Ping me on Twitter.
Related Topics:ContentMarketingTools
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Google updated their Google Discover feed guidelines to emphasize the most important elements to include in the feed in order for it to be properly optimized.
Google Discover Feed
The Google Discover follow feed feature offers relevant content to Chrome Android users and represents an importance source of traffic that is matched to user interests.
The Google Discover Follow feature is a component of Google Discover, a way to capture a steady stream of traffic apart from Google News and Google Search.
Google's Discover Follow feature works by allowing users to choose to receive updates about the latest content on a site they are interested in.
The way to do participate in Discover Follow is through an optimized RSS or Atom feed.
If the feed is properly optimized on a website, users can choose to follow a website or a specific category of a website, depending on how the publisher configures their RSS/Atom feeds.
Audiences that follow a website will see the new content populate their Discover Follow feed which in turn brings fresh waves of traffic to participating websites that are properly optimized.
According to Google:
"The Follow feature lets people follow a website and get the latest updates from that website in the Following tab within Discover in Chrome.
Currently, the Follow button is a feature that's available to signed-in users in English in the US, New Zealand, South Africa, UK, Canada, and Australia that are using Chrome Android."
Receiving traffic from the Discover Follow feature only happens for sites with properly optimized feeds that follow the Discover Follow feature guidelines.
Updated Guidance for Google Discover Follow Feature
Google updated their guidelines for the Discover Feed feature to emphasize the importance of the feed <title> and <link> elements, emphasizing that the feed contains these elements.
The new guidance states:
"The most important content for the Follow feature is your feed <title> element and your per item <link> elements. Make sure your feed includes these elements."
Presumably the absence of these two elements may result in Google being unable to understand the feed and display it for users, resulting in a loss of traffic.
Site publishers who participate in the Google Discover Follow feature should verify that their RSS or Atom feeds properly display the <title> and <link> elements.
Google Discover Optimization
Publishers and SEOs are familiar with optimizing for Google Search.
But many content publishers may be unaware of how to optimize for Google Discover in order to enjoy the loads of traffic that results from properly optimizing for Google Discover and the Google Discover Follow feature.
The Follow Feed feature, a component of Google Discover, is a way to help ensure that the website obtains a steady stream of relevant traffic beyond organic search.
This is why it's important to make sure that your RSS/Atom feeds are properly optimized.
Read Google's announcement of the updated guidance and read the complete Follow Feature feed guidelines here.
Featured image by Shutterstock/fizkes
As of 2023, Wix provides solid options for a basic SEO setup that will cover most needs but still lacks the flexibility of more advanced and granular settings.
In this article, I go through all the nooks and crannies of Wix SEO options so you can decide if Wix is right for your needs. I'll also share some tips on how to make your Wix website more search-friendly if you're already a Wix user.
Does Wix have everything you need for SEO?
Wix has a bit of a bad reputation for SEO. This is because from its launch in 2006 until its first big update in 2016, it lacked many basic SEO functionalities like adding alt text and being able to change URL structures.
However, that is no longer the case. You can now do virtually every on-page SEO task using the Wix platform. It even hired expert SEOs, such as Mordy Oberstein and Crystal Carter, who have pushed for more SEO features and better communication.
Back in 2019, we ran a study comparing Wix SEO to WordPress SEO analyzing over 6.4M websites. We found that, on average, far more WordPress websites get organic traffic than Wix websites.
However, we believe that this is due to the website owners, not the platforms themselves. On average, Wix website owners are less tech-savvy (and less educated on SEO) than WordPress users, simply because of the extra learning curve that comes with using WordPress.
The study and its methodology weren't great. Given that there are so many variables involved, we didn't see a way to rerun it properly. We decided to replace the study with this guide, providing more value to readers and being more fair to Wix.
That said, we had the Wix's SEO team provide feedback on this article as part of the editing process to ensure accuracy and increase objectivity.
Let's also see what Googlers have to say about Wix.
Here's a quote by John Mueller, Google's senior search analyst, on the topic of Wix SEO:
Wix is fine for SEO. A few years back it was pretty bad in terms of SEO, but they've made fantastic progress, and are now a fine platform for businesses. The reputation from back then lingers on, but don't be swayed by it.
What they've done in recent years is really good stuff, including making it trivial to have a really fast site (as you see in the Lighthouse scores — admittedly, speed is only a tiny part of SEO).
If Wix works for them, and they don't need more, there's no reason to switch.
So overall, Wix has the majority of features most website users would need to manage SEO. But there's more to the story…
While Wix has no major SEO issues, it does have three minor issues that may stop you from wanting to use it if you're serious about search:
Website builders will typically load slower than custom code – Wix inevitably has code bloat from features you will never use. This is true even if you use WordPress and install a theme builder like Elementor or Thrive Architect, so this isn't exclusive to Wix. That said, it's only a minor issue, and it already has great Core Web Vitals compared to other CMS types.
Less-than-ideal multilingual support – If you plan on publishing your blog posts in multiple languages, you may want to skip Wix. For example, you don't have full control over the URLs for different language versions of your site. However, some of these aspects are in its feature requests and may be available soon.
Limited advanced SEO control – Wix lacks some advanced SEO features. For example, it's difficult to edit the auto-generated sitemap. Additionally, Wix generates cryptic file names for images (e.g., 09a0ab7~mv2.jpg/), which is not good for ranking on Google Images.
Ultimately, Wix's SEO features will work for most website owners out there.
If you are a business owner who wants to focus more time on running your business and less time on learning how to build the perfect website with the best features, Wix is an excellent choice.
To help you decide if Wix is right for you, we made this helpful table of who should and shouldn't use Wix to build their website:
Type of website
Is Wix a great solution?
Personal website Yes Wix provides all you need for small websites.
Local business Yes Wix provides all you need to create a quick and easy local business website and rank in local search results.
Affiliate website Maybe Wix can handle your needs for affiliate marketing and SEO well. But if you're aiming to create a big, complex website, it may be worth your time to learn WordPress instead.
Content website Maybe Wix can handle your needs for content used to show display ads. But if you're aiming to create a big, complex website, it may be worth your time to learn WordPress instead.
Services website Maybe If you offer a service such as SaaS, banking, etc., then Wix may be a good choice depending on the specific features needed. You'll have to do your own research.
E-commerce website Maybe There's no perfect out-of-the-box CMS for this. The most common choices are Shopify or WooCommerce, but Wix is a solid option for e-commerce SMBs too. It can handle even some of the more complex e-commerce SEO stuff.
I personally would never build a website on Wix over WordPress for myself. That's because WordPress has more features and customizability. And even though it comes with a much steeper learning curve, that is something I've overcome. (I've been building WordPress websites for over a decade.)
That said, I built my dad a website for his remodeling business using Wix. I did this because it's much easier for him to go in and edit things himself than it is with WordPress. And he's able to rank for local keywords just fine on the Wix platform. The website is fairly new, and I will come back in a few months to update this page with the progress of his rankings.
One last thing to keep in mind is that switching your content management system (CMS) can be a massive pain. So whichever tool you choose, be ready to stick to it for a long time.
Five tips to make your Wix website SEO-friendly
Deciding to stick with Wix? Here are five Wix-specific tips to help you make sure your website is search-optimized:
1. Complete the Wix SEO Setup Checklist
Wix has a really easy-to-use SEO Setup Checklist built in its platform. To use it, navigate to the Marketing & SEO page, then click Get Found on Google.
From there, you'll be asked a few questions to get started, such as your business name and the top three to five keywords you want your website to rank for. If you're not sure which keywords to target, I highly recommend reading our guide to keyword research.
Once you answer the questions, you'll see a screen with steps you can take to optimize your website for search engines, starting with your homepage.
SEO Setup Checklist will guide you through the process of updating your pages' meta tags, making your website mobile-friendly, and more.
Go through each of these steps, and you'll be well on your way to a search-optimized website.
2. Set up Google Search Console and Analytics
You'll notice one of the steps is to connect your site to Google Search Console (GSC). This is Google's suite of tools designed for website owners like you to more easily monitor your search rankings and find issues preventing your pages from being indexed by Googlebot.
You can set up GSC with the click of a button using the SEO Setup Checklist. If you want to learn more, check out our complete guide to Google Search Console.
Once GSC is set up, you can connect Google Analytics (GA) to your website to get more insights into where your traffic is coming from and which pages your visitors are going to.
To connect GA, navigate to the Marketing Integrations tab under Marketing & SEO. It's the first box that appears—click Connect.
Wix will instruct you on how to create a Google Analytics Property ID and connect that ID with your Wix website. If you need more help, we also have a guide on Google Analytics 4.
Once it's set up and your website starts getting traffic, you'll be able to see traffic and webpage reports. This can help you identify which pages may need improvements or how many conversions you get from organic traffic.
That's it—you're done with step #2.
3. Create search-optimized content
If your website just has the basic homepage, as well as "about" and "contact" pages, chances are you won't be able to rank well for much (if anything).
A crucial step in SEO is creating content that can be crawled and indexed by Googlebot. That means creating service pages if you're a local business and possibly also creating blog content targeting relevant keywords to your industry.
Rather than making this whole article about content, I will leave you with a resource. Go check out our guide to SEO content to learn more.
4. Add internal links
Backlinks—links from another website pointing to your website—are one of the most important ranking factors in Google's algorithm. However, they can be difficult to obtain.
Internal links from one page on your site to another on your site are almost as important as backlinks. But they are much easier to add. You just highlight some text and add the link in.
If you have pages on your website that you want to rank better, simply add more internal links to that page and you're already on the path to higher rankings. Obviously, just adding some internal links won't suddenly make you rank #1 for a keyword. But it's an important—and often overlooked—step on the road to better rankings.
To add an internal link with Wix, simply highlight the text you want to add a link to, click the "chain link" icon, then choose the page you want the link to point to.
Check out our internal linking guide to learn more about this important SEO task.
5. Schedule regular SEO audits
Once your Wix website is set up and optimized, it's important to schedule regular SEO audits to keep tabs on your rankings and make sure nothing gets broken.
While you can do this manually, it is time consuming and easy to overlook something.
For example, you may not realize one of your pages broke and is now a 404 page, or that a certain blog post isn't showing up in your sitemap, or that you're missing metadata on a certain page… the list goes on.
Instead, you can use Ahrefs Webmaster Tools to automatically run weekly or monthly audits of your website. This free tool will give you a health score from 0 to 100 on how "healthy" your website is from an SEO perspective.
You can then see specific tasks you need to do in order to fix these issues on your site. Go to the All issues report and check the issues we found while crawling your website.
You can click the error and see exactly what it means and how to fix it.
From there, you can click "View affected URLs" and go to those pages to fix the issues. Easy peasy.
Overall, Wix is a perfectly capable website builder for SEO. While it isn't as advanced and capable as more complex CMSs like WordPress, it's plenty good for people who just want to build a website and don't have the time for or interest in a giant learning curve.
I still use Wix for certain client sites and to build sites for friends and family who want a website where they can still make small edits themselves. It's my favorite website builder compared to other tools like Squarespace or WordPress.com (not to be confused with WordPress.org, which I use all the time).
One more benefit to using a website builder like Wix is that it's a complete solution and takes care of the hosting and security. In fact, John doesn't recommend self-hosting your websites.
That said, if you want more advanced features and to dive deeper in SEO, I suggest learning WordPress.
Ready to keep learning? Here are some other helpful guides:
Examining YouTube's list of the top trending videos and top Shorts of 2022, as well as the YouTube Ads Leaderboard: 2022 year-end-wrap-up can teach content marketers, content creators, and digital advertisers some important lessons that they can apply in 2023.
But, it helps if you have a secret decoder ring to decipher why there are three lists – and why each one uses a different methodology to come up with the rankings.
YouTube unveiled its first list of the 10 most-watched YouTube videos back in December 2010. Unfortunately, that list taught many marketers that "view count" was the only metric that mattered.
But, I got my secret decoder ring back in October 2012, when YouTube started adjusting the ranking of videos in YouTube search results to reward engaging videos that kept viewers watching.
In other words, YouTube replaced "view count" with "watch time."
This was a significant shift, because "watch time" gives you a sense of what content viewers actually watch, as opposed to videos that they click on and then abandon.
In December 2012, YouTube shifted from unveiling its 10 "most-watched" videos of the year to unveiling its "top trending videos," based on time spent watching, sharing, commenting, liking, and other factors.
In other words, "watch time" and "engagements" were now the metrics that mattered.
Today, YouTube's algorithm rewards "viewer satisfaction."
In other words, YouTube doesn't pay attention to videos; it pays attention to viewers.
So, rather than trying to make videos that'll make an algorithm happy, focus on making videos that make your viewers happy.
This brings us to YouTube's lists of "trending videos" and "top Shorts" for 2022.
To learn important lessons that can be applied in 2023, we need to realize that YouTube's discovery system uses both absolute and relative watch time as signals when deciding audience engagement.
Ultimately, YouTube wants both short and long videos to succeed, so relative watch time is more important for short videos, and absolute watch time is more important for longer videos.
Top 7 Trending Videos Of 2022
1. "So Long Nerds" By Technoblade (6:32 long, 88.3 million Views, 10.2 million engagements)
In this moving tribute, the father of beloved Minecraft creator Technoblade reads a farewell letter from his son.
The gamer lost his battle with cancer in June, but his legacy remains on YouTube.
2. "Watch The Uncensored Moment Will Smith Smacks Chris Rock On Stage At The Oscars, Drops F-bomb" By Guardian News (1:24 long, 104 million Views, and 1.8 million engagements)
It was the smack heard 'round the world: Academy Award winner Will Smith went off-script and slapped Chris Rock, live on-stage, at the film industry's most prestigious event.
3. "Hi, I'm Dream" By Dream (5:42 long, 48.5 million Views, and 4.7 million engagements)
Dream's ingenuity within Minecraft has led him to become a top creator with a devoted fanbase.
But no one knew what he looked like IRL, until now.
4. " Dre, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Mary J. Blige, Kendrick Lamar & 50 Cent Full Pepsi Sb Lvi Halftime Show" By NFL (14:41 long, 146 million Views, and 3.5 million engagements)
Lose yourself in this epic Super Bowl halftime show packed with some of the biggest artists in hip-hop history: Dr. Dre, Snoop, Eminem, Mary J. Blige, Kendrick Lama, and 50 Cent.
5. "I Built Willy Wonka's Chocolate Factory!" By Mrbeast (17:01 long, 132 million Views, and 5.1 million engagements)
In a "Willy Wonka" inspired warehouse, MrBeast challenges contestants to traverse a chocolate river, climb a candy wall, compete in confection-themed games, and indulge in their sweetest fantasies.
6. "Pranks Destroy Scam Callers- Glitterbomb Payback" By Mark Rober (26:41 long, 55.9 million Views, and 2.2 million engagements).
Engineer Mark Rober exacts dazzling revenge on a scam call center in the latest version of his glitterbomb series.
7. "Being Not Straight" By Jaiden Animations (15:22 long, 17.8 million Views, and 1.7 million engagements)
In this coming-out video, Jaiden Animations depicts a personal journey from adolescence to adulthood, sharing how they discovered their sexual identity along the way.
Top 7 Shorts Of 2022
1. "Diver Cracks Egg At 45 Ft Deep #Shorts" By Shangerdanger (0:56 long, 251 million Views, and 12.3 million engagements)
The ocean floor is a mysterious place. It's full of unknown sea creatures, strange plants, and…chicken eggs?!
Join Shangerdanger as he cracks up the internet and dives egg-first into the blue depths.
2. "Sarah Trust Challenges" By Hingaflips (0:31 long, 142 million Views, and 6.5 million engagements)
Better than parkour? This is Trampwall: an epic sport where acrobats defy gravity and leap off a wall, onto a trampoline, to pull off mind-blowing aerial stunts.
3. "Come With Me To Shave My Fluffy Dog! #Doggrooming #Grooming #Goldendoodle" By Brodie That Dood (0:52 long, 108 million Views, and 6.8 million engagements)
For years, his long fluffy fur has made Brodie one of the most iconic dogs on YouTube. So, the heartbreak was real when it was decided that he needed a close trim.
4. "Dave and Busters Bet Me 1000 Tickets I Couldn't Do This…" By Chris Ivan (0:59 long, 83.6 million Views, and 6.3 million engagements).
No one does trick shots like creator Chris Ivan. In this Short, he attempts to land a plunger on a Dave & Buster's sign.
The prize? 1,000 tickets … if he can pull it off.
5. "That Gap Between Your Car Seat and Center Console" By Jay & Sharon (0:58 long, 182 million Views, and 6.4 million engagements)
We've all lost something in the dreaded gap between the car seat and the center console.
In this comedic sketch, creators Jay & Sharon show us what's really going on down there.
6. "Welcome To The Stomach #Shorts" By Adrian Bliss (0:34 long, 118 million Views, and 7.0 million engagements)
In this bite-sized skit, witty creator Adrian Bliss brings to life all the characters trying to gain entrance – and party in – his space-limited stomach.
7. "This Magic Trick Explained (America's Got Talent)" By Zack D. Films (0:34 long, 97.4 million Views, and 5.6 million engagements).
How did he do it? The judges of "America's Got Talent" were confounded by this magic trick.
But not internet-sleuth Zack D., who unveils its clever secret.
Top 7 YouTube Ads Of 2022
Meanwhile, YouTube uses an entirely different methodology to determine the top YouTube ad for its 2022 year-end wrap-up Leaderboard. This makes sense.
The top ads are generally the ones with the biggest budgets, which drive up view counts, but not always engagements.
1. "Amazon's Big Game Commercial: Mind Reader" By Amazon (1:31 long, 69.7 million Views, and 25,700 engagements)
The creative agency for this ad was Lucky Generals and the media agency was IPG – Rufus.
The ad's description asks, "Is Alexa reading minds a good idea? No. No, it is not."
2. "Welcome To Clan Capital! Clash Of Clans New Update!" By Clash Of Clans (1:20 long, 52.9 million Views, and 212,000 engagements)
The creative agency was Psyop, and the media agency was in-house.
The ad's description says,
"Welcome to the ultimate clan destination! A place where you and your clan can BUILD and BATTLE together! A place called CLAN CAPITAL!"
3. "Goal Of The Century X BTS | Yet To Come (Hyundai Ver.) Official Music Video" By Hyundaiworldwide (4:08 long, 40.5 million Views, and 886,000 engagements)
"Our 'Goal of the Century' can't be achieved by one individual alone, but we can achieve it if we all join forces and unite.
Just like football players come together as a team to score goals, we aim to use the power of football to go forward together in pursuit of the greatest goal – 'A united world for sustainability.'"
4. "Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return To Hogwarts | Official Trailer | HBO Max" By HBO Max (1:58 long, 27.3 million Views, and 739,000 engagements)
The creative agency was in-house, and the media agency was Hearts & Science.
"Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts invites fans on a magical first-person journey through one of the most beloved film franchises of all time as it reunites Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, and other esteemed cast members and filmmakers across all eight Harry Potter films for the first time to celebrate the anniversary of the franchise's first film, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone."
5. "Introducing iPhone 14 Pro | Apple" by Apple (4:20 long, 23.8 million views, and 571,000 engagements)
The ad's description asks, "What lies beyond a traditional smartphone? Let's find out. This is iPhone 14 Pro."
6. All of Us Are Dead | Official Trailer | Netflix" by Netflix (2:35 long, 22.6 million views, and 518,000 engagements)
The creative agency was The Refinery, and the media agency was in-house. The ad's description says,
"All of us will die. There is no hope." The school turned into a bloody battleground and our friends into worst enemies. Who will make it out alive?"
7. Sally's Seashells (Extended) | Big Game Commercial 2022" by Squarespace (1:07 long, 21.6 million views, and 67,600 engagements)
The media agency was in-house. The ad's description says,
"See everything that Sally sells in this extended cut of our 2022 Big Game commercial. Starring Zendaya as Sally and narrated by andré 3000."
Most Important Lesson That Marketers Can Apply In 2023
Looking back at YouTube's lists of top trending videos, top Shorts, and top ads for 2022, there is a meta-lesson that marketers can learn: one size does not fit all.
Different metrics matter when measuring different types of video, and different types of ads are better for different marketing objectives.
Or, as the British say, "There are horses for courses."
Now, that's a lesson that all of us can apply in 2023, and beyond.
Featured Image: /Shutterstock
How Much Does SEO Cost in 2023? [Industry Research]


And he's getting more independent!
Another Fred update: Did you know that when baby squirrels want their moms, their jaw opens and they unleash the most ungodly scream you can possible imagine?
Today in New Life Challenges: Trying to fold laundry while a squirrel treats your body as a racetrack.
OMG. We give you all this delicious food, WHY DO YOU WANT TO EAT MY PHONE???
He continues to be adorable!
He is getting frighteningly good at jumping!
He is also getting more and more into exploring!
Always with the sock drawer.
The cats continue to be... pretty chill?
I mean. Apart from leaving Chipmunk Butts in front of his cage—which feels to me like the cat version of a horse head in your bed.
Previously: A Non-Murder Cat story from the Murder Cat House.


text:
Home » Content » Mythologies » Arthurian Legends » Where is King Arthur's Grave? 3 Likely Locations
Where is King Arthur's Grave? 3 Likely Locations
By Caleb Howells
If King Arthur was a real person, then it is very likely that he has a burial place somewhere in Britain.
Of course, not everyone in sixth century Britain has a surviving grave. Many warriors would have been left to rot or be eaten by animals when they died.
But since Arthur must have held a very high status (whether he was really a king or not), it is reasonable to expect that he received a proper burial. That being the case, his grave must be hiding somewhere.
This article will examine some of the most popular theories about where Arthur is buried. Namely three:
Mynydd y Gaer
1. GLASTONBURY
Glastonbury is a town in Somerset, south west England. This is the most popular site for Arthur's grave.
Not many early sources place Arthur's home in Somerset specifically, but this fits the general region in which Arthur is placed. There is also at least one record (the 12th century Life of St Gildas) which does record Arthur as fighting in 'Glastonia'.
But beyond Arthur simply being active in this general area, there is another reason why many people believe that he was buried here.
THE 'DISCOVERY' OF ARTHUR'S GRAVE
The key reason is that monks at Glastonbury in the 12th century claimed to have uncovered his grave. They supposedly stumbled upon a large coffin with the bones of a man and a woman inside.
There was also a lead cross with an inscription stating clearly that this was the grave of Arthur and his wife Guinevere.
Since that time, Glastonbury has been famously associated with the grave of Arthur. An entire tourist industry still exists today based on that belief.
SUPPORT FROM THE ARTHURIAN LEGENDS
Another reason why people believe that Arthur was buried at Glastonbury is that it seems to tie in with certain Arthurian legends that were written before the 'discovery' of his grave there.
The main legend that people point to for support is found in the 12th century Historia Regum Britanniae, written by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
This book describes how Arthur was mortally wounded at his final battle, the Battle of Camlann. He was then taken away on a boat to the mysterious Isle of Avalon, never to be seen again. It might seem logical, then, to conclude that he was buried at Avalon, wherever that was.
The monks of Glastonbury claimed (and this was also written on the lead cross) that Glastonbury itself was the Isle of Avalon. At this point, you may be thinking: 'But Glastonbury isn't an island!'
That is true. However, in Arthur's time, Glastonbury was surrounded by miles of marshland. It essentially was an island, just not out in the open sea.
PROBLEMS WITH THIS THEORY
There are two key problems with the theory that Arthur was buried at Glastonbury.
The first problem is the convenient timing of the discovery of Arthur's supposed grave. The monastery of Glastonbury had been undergoing financial hardship just before this discovery. In fact, the monastery had even burnt down. The monks were in desperate need of financial aid.
Today, scholars generally believe that the monks faked this 'discovery' specifically to increase visitors to the area. It was clearly an effective idea, given the tourist industry that exists there now based entirely on their claim.
The second major problem is the anachronistic form of Latin on the lead cross. Lots of Latin inscriptions from Arthur's time have been discovered, so it is known with certainty that the writing on the lead cross does not match the Latin writing used in the sixth century.
Based on these two reasons, it is widely believed that this 'discovery' is nothing more than a medieval fake.
2. BASCHURCH
This second theory is a much more modern one. It proposes that Arthur is buried on the outskirts of a town called Baschurch, in Shropshire. His grave is supposedly at an Iron Age earthworks called the Berth.
WHAT IS THE BASIS FOR THIS THEORY?
The fundamental basis for this theory is the suggestion that Arthur himself can be identified with a historical king of the sixth century named Owain Danwyn (commonly spelt 'Ddantgwyn' by advocates of this theory).
Supposedly, Owain Danwyn was a king of the kingdom of Powys. A medieval Welsh poem called Eglwyssau Bassa appears to suggest that the kings of Powys were buried in the 'Churches of Bassa', which is generally identified with Baschurch in Shropshire.
Logically then, if Arthur was Owain, a king of Powys, and if the kings of Powys were buried at Baschurch, then Arthur too must have been buried at Baschurch. That is the basic logic of the theory, and on the surface it seems to make sense.
Beyond this basic premise, the advocates of this theory have pointed to several bits of supporting evidence for their location.
One piece of evidence is a local legend which says that a prince and his men were buried at the Berth (on the outskirts of Baschurch). This is similar to the tradition of Arthur being buried with his men.
Additionally, there is a place called 'Birch Grove' at the Berth. The reason this is significant is that 'birch' is the meaning of the name 'Bedivere'. This was the name of one of Arthur's knights.
Bedivere was said to have taken up residence at the site of Arthur's grave. Therefore, the advocates of this theory argue that 'Birch Grove' could be a recollection of Bedivere's presence here.
A third piece of supporting evidence is the fact that the Berth used to be surrounded by water, making it effectively an island. Just like with Glastonbury, this fact is used to argue that it could have been the original Isle of Avalon.
Although this theory seems to have more support than the Glastonbury theory, there are some fundamental issues with it.
Firstly, even if Arthur really can be identified as Owain Danwyn, the claim that Owain was a king of Powys is not supported by the evidence. All the available medieval records about him make him a king of Rhos, not Powys.
Therefore, even if all of the kings of Powys really were buried at Baschurch, this would have nothing to do with Owain. This fact alone renders the theory baseless.
The local tradition about a prince being buried at the Berth with his men is not that significant in view of the very fact that at least some kings of Powys were buried at Baschurch. The local legend could be about any one of those kings rather than Arthur.
The argument that 'Birch Grove' points towards a tradition that Bedivere used to reside there is severely weakened by the fact that it is, in fact, just a grove of birch trees, so of course it has that name.
The connection between the Berth and the Isle of Avalon is also not convincing. The Berth was simply in the middle of a sizable lake, rather than being in the middle of miles of open water or marshland.
This does not match the legend of Arthur being taken away on a long journey in a boat, as implied by the Historia Regum Britanniae and confirmed by Geoffrey of Monmouth's other work, the Vita Merlini.
3. MYNYDD Y GAER
Another modern theory about Arthur's grave places it on Mynydd y Gaer in Glamorgan, south Wales.
The advocates of this theory originally claimed that Arthur was buried under the ruins of St Peter's Church on this mountain, but more recently they have argued that it is on the side of a nearby pass, where there are some more ruins which they argue could have originally been a church.
One of the bases for this theory is that the site arguably fits the description of where Arthur was buried in certain medieval tales.
In The High History of the Holy Grail, Arthur is said to have been buried on the top of a mountain from which a stream flowed. In the area were several hermitages, as well as a 'chapel' where a hermit lived. Arthur was said to have been buried underneath this chapel.
The famous Le Morte d'Arthur also describes Arthur as being buried underneath a chapel, but this source describes the chapel as being located between two cliffs. On the other side of the cliff was a hermitage.
If we combine the information from these sources, then Arthur's grave would be on a mountain with a stream flowing down it and with several hermitages in the area, one of which was between two cliffs on top of the mountain.
The grave itself would be underneath a chapel that was also between the two cliffs.
On Mynydd y Gaer, which does have a stream flowing down it, there are various scant remains of structures, many of which could have been hermitages. An excavation at St Peter's Church itself found that it was formerly the site of a beehive-shaped hermitage.
Nearby is a short pass, which could arguably be the origin of the 'two cliffs' mentioned in Le Morte d'Arthur. On one side of the pass is a small circular structure which could potentially have been a hermitage.
On the other side of the pass are the ruins of a small rectangular building oriented exactly east-to-west, about the same shape and size as the nearby St Peter's Church. This is supposedly the chapel under which Arthur is buried, according to the advocates of this theory.
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR THIS THEORY
One piece of supporting evidence for this theory is that the pass itself is allegedly known locally as 'the Pass of the Soldier'. Arthur is called 'the Soldier' in one of the earliest records about him, the Wonders of Britain.
Another piece of supporting evidence is the name of the nearby church. In English it is 'St Peter's Church', but in Welsh it is known as 'Llanbedr'. While 'bedr' does translate to 'Peter', it has been argued that this is a corruption of 'Bedwyr', which is the Welsh version of the name 'Bedivere'.
Since Bedivere is supposed to have taken up residence as a hermit near Arthur's grave, this could be significant.
The main problem with this theory is that it relies primarily on late evidence for the descriptions of Arthur's burial site.
The High History of the Holy Grail was written in the 13th century, and Le Morte d'Arthur was written even later, in the 15th century.
Therefore, using these sources as the basis for any theory about what really occurred in sixth century Britain is obviously a risky idea, and many scholars reject the information in them as completely unreliable.
In conclusion, we can see that there are several different theories about where Arthur was buried, although none of them have any strong academic support.
The Glastonbury theory is by far the most popular, but scholars today widely agree that the 'discovery' of Arthur's grave there was faked by the monks to draw more visitors to the site, due to their recent financial hardships.
The Baschurch theory is fundamentally based on the idea that Arthur was Owain Danwyn and that Owain was a king of Powys. However, it is universally agreed by scholars that Owain was a king of Rhos, not Powys, which undermines this entire theory.
The supposed connection between the Berth and the Isle of Avalon is also not convincing.
The Mynydd y Gaer theory is another modern attempt to identify Arthur's grave. It does seem to match very well with the description of Arthur's gravesite as provided by some of the medieval tales.
However, since those sources are relatively late, their reliability is far from certain.
The only way this issue could be truly settled is if a memorial stone to Arthur is discovered. Perhaps, one day, that will happen.
Caleb Howells
Caleb Howells is a writer from the south coast of England. He has spent years researching various different myths and legends from around the world, with his primary area of interest being the legends of King Arthur. In May 2019, Caleb published King Arthur: The Man Who Conquered Europe, outlining his theories on the origin of the legend.
1 thought on "Where is King Arthur's Grave? 3 Likely Locations"
Apart from Glastonbury, have the other locations been excavated?


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Unobstructed Ocean View property ready for development. This desirable property fronts the 4 mile Coastal Bike path that runs along the oceanfront. Property currently has 4 food trucks leasing space on property. County allows for up to six businesses to operate at this location. High vehicle traffic visibility. Level with concrete parking area. Great Investment Opportunity.
Listing courtesy of Summers Realty.


The Vector Longboard wheel is the racing wheel of choice for our team riders. It utilises the Supremacy urethane which is our racing thane that shreds layer by layer and ensures traction throughout the wheels life. The Vector racing wheel is 75mm X 58mm and has a square edges. These edges have more grip because the square lips of the wheel provide a higher friction to the surface of the road when side pressure is applied.
With the square lip there is usually a bit of a break-in period, the wheel can be essentially turned into a nice sticky wheel that's capable of drifting with just a little bit of work. This is the type of wheel that most downhill racers will be riding on any given day and for good reason. It's a reliable shape that when used with the correct urethane that can stick when you want it to and drift when you want it to.
The Vector wheel comes in two Duro's namely 78a, 80a, 83a and 87a. The 78a wheel is the softest and will provide more grip and result in a drifting style of slide where the rider is in more control as each layer of thane is shred off. The 80a will provide a similar feeling and provides our riders with choice.


This is a wrap-up type post, not that I have anything to wrap up in my life (I can't afford the wrapping paper) but because it feels like ages since I have been present on this blog in a while. Yes I've had scheduled posts, but I haven't really interacted with anyone in a while. So here's a thing.
I've been busy: college, tests, revision (I am meant to do but don't really), NCS - National Citizen Service (search it because I'm too lazy to explain) and life.
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: AUTUMN IS PRESENT, BUT I AM ABSENT FROM ITS WONDERS (COLLEGE); THE UNBECOMING OF MARA DYER + TEA; MY DESK - ALWAYS MESSY; ARTWORK IS COMING OUT OF MY EARS.
I made an instagram, well, two; one personal, one bookish: and arty/crafty) so if you are into that kind of thing then fly on over - I want to see your photos never mind whether you want to see mine or not.
WHAT ELSE HAS BEEN HAPPENING/NOT HAPPENING?
How has your life been panning out? Is it the shape of a frying pan, a sauce pan, or just a plain old tin pan? I want to know. Oh and who feels my dilemma; I need to write, I want to write, my WIPs have been neglected since I didn't think of a solid plot for them, everyone is doing NanoWrimo (or so it seems) yet here I am with a measly four thousand words under my belt after a good couple of months while SOME PEOPLE have written freaking 65,263 words in a week. I have no words. (Literally).
Afterworlds is one of those books which takes a while to get into. I'm 150 pages in and it took me until about 100 pages before I felt it was somewhat readable.
Hope life starts getting better soon!
Do you recommend it? I don't know..it's borrriinng..*looks around* SHHH.
School is being really mean to me right now. It's gotten a lot better over the last week or so, but apparently all my teachers decided to come together and all give projects and tests in the same couple of weeks. So.


This topic contains 4 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by Sandra Strait 4 months, 3 weeks ago.
I can recall a conversation here a while back about Buff Titanium. Lots of people don't like it, and I'll admit that I don't use it often. But I always like to have it available, because when you need it, there just isn't any other color that does quite the same thing.
When I did my post today, I realized it was a good example of such an occasion.
This negative painting was done over a study of clouds and I used the same colors as I had for the underpainting, just in darker values. The bear didn't stand out well. Buff Titanium to the rescue! It has a yellow cast, but also enough red tone that it doesn't go green over blue (that isn't necessarily true if you mix it wet).
Other animals have fur, especially in the ruff or belly, that is buff. But what else might you use Buff Titanium for besides animals?
It can give a warm glow to clouds and is an excellent base for sand. It can add warmth to white flowers or white anything, really. If you want to add a slight sunshiny glow to a landscape, Buff Titanium can do it without taking over the painting.
It is semi-opaque, so it is best used with a light hand or as the base color, because if you layer it too thick it can get ugly. A small tube can last a long, long time because truthfully, you probably won't use it too often.
This topic was modified 5 months, 2 weeks ago by Sandra Strait.
Love this so much, Sandra!
Also as it happens I was just looking at a mixing chart I did 2 years ago while following along with Jane Blundell's book and I think the colors have faded…have you had any issues with that? My chart is in a sketchbook (Canson XL paper) and is kept closed on a shelf near my desk.
Certain colors are fugitive (prone to fading), such as Opera Rose, no matter the brand. I wouldn't think that Jane used any of those, without noting that they were fugitive, though.
Personally, I haven't had any problems with fading in my watercolors of any brand. The environment can make a difference even if the colors are in a closed book. The paper can also make a difference. I haven't used Canson XL but I've heard mixed reviews and fading has been mentioned, so it could be your culprit.
Thanks for this! I was just looking at a mixing set of 15 Daniel Smith half-pan watercolors and saw this Buff Titanium, which I'm not really familiar with. I was a little surprised at the color, but appreciate how it can be used!
When you mix the Buff Titanium with the Hansa Yellow Medium, you get a beautiful buttery yellow. It works really well with the Goethite too.


Arnold Has Two Denoisers – Which is right for you?
Autodesk's Roland Reyer compares Arnold's two denoisers explaining uses cases for each.
Many renderers are using denoisers to clean up output images thereby speeding up rendering. Arnold recently added the Optix Denoiser allowing users to clean up images on the GPU using Nvidia's deep learning based denoiser. Arnold, however, has not one but two of them: it has a super fast and interactive one in OptiX, but it also has a batch denoiser. So which is better and which should you use?
Autodesk Technical Specialist Roland Reyer shows how to use both and where the advantages lie in each. The Nvidia OptiX denoise system is really fast but only works on Nvidia hardware. OptiX also will give different results between frames. If you are rendering an animation you might find that lights and reflections or other things might flicker in the scene, so it has no temporal stability between images. One other drawback to OptiX is that it can only clean up the one beauty pass.
By contrast, the Arnold batch denoiser is statistically based and can denoise any AOV as well as the beauty pass. The Arnold Denoise system is also temporally stable, so you can get nice results while rendering animations. Arnold's denoise solution is a tad bit slower than OptiX, but it does run on both the GPU and the CPU which makes it more suitable for production work.


I've been writing poetry for a few years now. Other hobbies include photography and bike riding. I am on the editorial team of a small community college annual publication.
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: Hope In Jesus finished third in the contest "Spiritual 5-7-5"
TAB_that's me: Thanks my friend!
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: Tweets and Speaks finished second in the contest "What Has The Prez Been Up To Lately"
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: Higher Education finished first in the contest "I Just Want to Say..."
BeasPeas: Congratulations on your win.
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: Congratulations! The Rocking Chair won the contest "Share Your Story"
Irish Rain: Yay!!! Good for you Miss Teresa!! Congratulations!!
Dorothy Farrell: Congratulations Teresa - a worthy win!
TAB_that's me: Thanks all for the congrats! What a pleasant surprise to come home from a weekend away to find this!
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: haibun (where deer & raccoon roam) finished second in the contest "Haibun Contest"
Irish Rain: Congratulations Miss Teresa!!
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: My Babies finished third in the contest "Love Poem Poetry Contest"
TAB_that's me: Thank you Jan!
MissMerri: How nice to see you win a ribbon for your darling poem! I enjoyed it so much and the accompanying picture too. The boys reminded me so much of my own twins when they were babies. Congratulations!
Linda Engel: So glad you are back. Hope all is well. I've been away as well.
mrsmajor: Good to see you back, I hope all is well!
Mary Wakeford: Welcome back, Teresa. You were missed!
It's nice to have you back, "t".
Rubylou: Looking forward to reading your posts.
TAB_that's me: I turned 55 yesterday. I feel like middle-aged, not AARP age! Quit sending me membership forms - Argh!
Dean Kuch: If you'd like I can send you all of mine as well.
They make great scrap paper for writing down notes.
TAB_that's me: My internet (and phone) at work have been down for more than 48 hours now. That is where I do most of my reviewing so I am sorry not to be reviewing right now. I don't know if it will be up tomorrow or not but I have a bunch of 1st of the month stuff to do then. Anyway, I'm replying to my reviews now but that is all for tonight.
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: Shadows finished second in the contest "2-4-2 Poetry"
Julia.: Congratulations! I really liked your entry.
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: My Younger Self finished third in the contest "The Do Over"
TAB_that's me: HAPPY NATIONAL S'MORES DAY!!
Bring the chocolate, I'll grab the marshmallows.
TAB_that's me: Hey Dean, can you bring the fire to roast our marshmallows?
TAB_that's me: MMMMMM!! Bring a bunch - I love those!
I'll even bring the tong to roast the on.
TAB_that's me: Let the roast begin!
TAB_that's me: Life dumped lumpy mashed potatoes on my bowl of cherries.
TAB_that's me: Thank you all.
TAB_that's me: I would appreciate prayers for my son. I won't go into details but he got in trouble with the law this weekend and was arrested. He is a 30 year old, hard working man and great father. He made a very bad choice and will now have to pay the price - possibly prison time. My heart is heavy. He got in trouble when he was 19 and 20 and spend time in jail. I thought he had straightened out. He just started his own business. Maybe stress and money problems got to be too much for him. Anyway, please pray for him and his family. Thank you.
mrsmajor: My thoughts and Prayers go out to you and your son...The stress of life can bring with it a wrong time, but there is always hope for a better future...Wishing both of you the very best!
TAB_that's me: Thanks so much.
Selina Stambi: Sorry to hear, Teresa. Thinking of you and him.
FanStory wrote to TAB_that's me: From My Porch finished third in the contest "From My Porch: List Poem"
A Pocket reached "Recognized" status.
Kiss the Butterflies reached "All Time Best" status.
Kiss the Butterflies reached "Recognized" status.
haiku (sun rays shine) reached "Recognized" status.
The Old Virgin reached "All Time Best" status.
Jungle Love reached "Recognized" status.
Not Enough reached "Recognized" status.
Paradise Lost reached "Recognized" status.