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TW200402242A - Mobile location based service system and method - Google Patents
Mobile location based service system and method Download PDF
TW200402242A
TW200402242A TW092115205A TW92115205A TW200402242A TW 200402242 A TW200402242 A TW 200402242A TW 092115205 A TW092115205 A TW 092115205A TW 92115205 A TW92115205 A TW 92115205A TW 200402242 A TW200402242 A TW 200402242A
based service
TWI293008B (en
Sang-Yun Lee
Hee-Hyeok Hahm
Ki-Mum Kim
Yeong-Tae No
Jae-Young Ju
Sk Telecom Co Ltd
2002-07-25 Priority to KR20020043923A priority Critical patent/KR100561663B1/en
2002-07-25 Priority to KR10-2002-0043922A priority patent/KR100459761B1/en
2003-06-05 Application filed by Sk Telecom Co Ltd filed Critical Sk Telecom Co Ltd
2004-02-01 Publication of TW200402242A publication Critical patent/TW200402242A/en
2008-01-21 Publication of TWI293008B publication Critical patent/TWI293008B/en
238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0 abstract 1
H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
The present invention discloses a mobile location based service system and method. The mobile location based service system includes an application server for receiving a location based service request, and providing a location based service of a mobile station, and a location information providing system for discriminating location of the mobile station according to a kind of a location information service, and transmitting the location of the mobile station to the application server. A cell or GPS based location based service can be selectively provided according to a function of a mobile station of a mobile communication subscriber and a service request type. The GPS based location based set-vice can be provided by an SMS delivery point to point message through an N07 signal network, and thus embodied during a voice call of the mobile station.
200402242 发明 Description of the invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mobile station based on a location-based service 'and in particular to a mobile location-based service system, which can be based on a location-based service The service request provides a mobile station-based service by selectively using a honeycomb-based location service or a global positioning system (Global Positioning System, GPS) -based location service. Prior Art Recently, many services have been provided by a mobile station based on the development of mobile station (e.g., subscription telephone) technology. That is, the mobile station provides a text message service and a wireless Internet service as well as a voice call service. Each service is subdivided according to the content provided. One of the distant mobile stations provides a location information service for the mobile station. Remote location information delivery services can be provided by using honeycomb-based technology. _ Honeycomb-based services are implemented based on the location of a base transceiver station where the mobile station exists. Therefore, the service provided by the honeycomb-based location poor news is to ensure accuracy within half a k of the base transceiver station. Therefore, it is difficult to use the honeycomb-based location information provider to provide accurate location information in emergencies or services. In addition, K-liquid information service can use global positioning in the mobile station. System-based technology is provided. The Global Positioning 200402242 system is a location information providing technology that uses satellites that are much more accurate than the location information providing service that the material nest is the cornerstone of. However, the mobile station system requires a GPS function that uses GPS to provide services, which increases costs. Therefore, it is difficult to provide the location information providing service using the global positioning system in the entire mobile station. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mobile location-based service system, which can provide services based on the core location information providing function provided by a mobile station and a service description. Honeycomb-based and GPS-based services. In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, a mobile location-based service system is provided, which includes: an application server for receiving a location information service request for requesting location information of a corresponding mobile station And for providing the location information of the mobile station through an Internet; and a location information providing system for receiving a request for location information from the application server, according to A location information service provided by a mobile switching center distinguishes the location of the mobile station, and refers to the mobile parent switching center and transmits the location to the application server according to an identification code of the mobile station. According to another aspect of the present invention, a mobile location-based service method includes the following steps: receiving an SMDPP message from a positioning decision entity, and extracting a data signal from the SMDPP message: when the SMDPP message When initiating a location-based service, the disk recognizes whether a communication channel has been assigned to a corresponding mobile station Kuo She 200402242. When the communication channel has been assigned to the mobile station, the communication channel is used to transmit the Data message to the mobile station; 'allocate a communication channel to the mobile station when the communication channel is not yet assigned to the mobile station, and send the data message to the mobile station by using the communication channel; and A response message from the mobile station responds to the positioning decision entity. Embodiment A mobile location-based service system and method according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following drawings. FIG. 1 is a structural diagram showing a mobile location-based service system capable of providing services based on a honeycomb and a location based on a global positioning system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The component symbol 100 represents a second-generation mobile phone network system, 2000 represents a 2.5-generation mobile phone network system, 300 represents a location information providing system, and 4.0 represents an application. Server, and 600 means a web server. In the second generation mobile phone network system 100, the component symbol 1 1 0 represents a base transceiver station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS) ′ 1 2 0 represents a base station controller (Base Stati)
Controller (BSC), 130 represents a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Industry 4.0 represents an InterWorking Facility (IWF), and 150 represents a signal transfer point (Signal Ding). ransfer Point (STP), and; [600] represents a starting position register (Home Locator Register, hlr). In the location information providing system 3 00, the component symbol 3,200,402,242 0 represents a positioning decision entity (p0initoning Determination Entity 'PDE), and 3 2 0 represents a mobile positioning center (M0). blle Positioning Center (MPC). In the 2nd and 5th generation mobile phone network system 2000, the component symbol 2 丄 〇 represents a base received as $ '2 2 0 represents a base station controller, and 2 3 0 represents a mobile exchange The center, 2 0 0 represents a signal transfer point. Referring to FIG. 1, the second generation mobile phone network system 100 is connected to the location information providing system 3 00 through the message transfer point 1 500 and the positioning determining entity 3] _ 〇 and the action Position the center 3 2 0. Ideally, the 2.5th generation mobile phone network system 2000 is connected to the location information providing system 3 00 through the signal transfer point 2 40. The position determining entity 3 1 0 and the mobile positioning Center 3 2 0. Provide the location information server at the request of the Internet server 600; the application server 400 of the application server is connected to the location information system 3 through the transmission control protocol / Internet protocol. The mobile positioning center 3200. FIG. 2 shows a message flow of a GPS-based service according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The component symbol 4 00 represents an application feeder, 3 2 0 represents a mobile positioning center, 1 6 represents a starting position register, and 3 1 0 represents a positioning determining entity. 4 The application server 400 requests a position ㈣ (S1 1 G) from the mobile positioning center 3 200. D 20 in this mobile positioning is based on a mobile ID of the corresponding mobile hall to send a SMS service 200402242
Service request (SMSREQ) message to the starting position register 16 (S 1 2 0) ° Here, the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 sets the parameter SMSNOTIND of the SMSREQ message to "2" to prevent The SMS service is suspended. The starting position register 160 sends an SMSREQ result message to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 (S 1 3 0). The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 analyzes the SMSERQ result The SMSADDR of the message confirms whether the receiving mobile switching center has a global positioning system-based location service function. The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 is based on whether the receiving mobile switching center can support the global positioning The system-based location service sends a GPOSREQ message to the positioning decision entity 3 10 (S140). The transmitted parameters with the GPOSREQ message include MOBINFO, POSREQTYPE, and MPCAP. The positioning decision entity 3 1 0 is based on IS-801 -1 standard to obtain the position information of the corresponding mobile station (S 1 50-S 2 3 0). The position information of the mobile station received in the positioning decision entity 3 1 0 is obtained by a gposreq message is sent to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0. The parameters of the gposreq message include POSINFO and POSRESULT. The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 sends a location result to the application server 4 0 0 (S 2 5 0 On the other hand, after sending the message to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0, the positioning decision entity 3 10 sends a SMDPP message to the mobile switching center to release the resources generated in the mobile switching center ( S 2 6 0 and S 2 7 0) ° FIG. 3 shows a message flow of the honeycomb-based service in a service system based on the 200402242 mobile position according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. An example is that the component symbol 4 00 represents an application server, 3 2 0 represents a mobile positioning center, 16 0 represents a starting position register, and 3; [0 represents a positioning determining entity 〇 The application server 4 0 requests a location service (S 4 1 0) from the mobile positioning center 3 2 0. The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 is based on one of a corresponding mobile station And send an SMSREQ message to the starting position register 16 (S 4 2 0) by using the action identification code. Here, 'the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 sets the parameter SMSNOTIND of the SMSREQ message to "2" to Prevent SMS services from hanging. The starting position register 16 receiving the SMSREQ message sends a §fl message of the SMSREQ result to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 (S 4 3 0). The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 determines whether the received mobile switching center can support the GPS-based location service by analyzing the information of the SMSERQ result (S 4 40). The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 sends a PAGEREQ message to the starting position register 16 0 according to whether the received mobile switching center can support the GPS-based location service. The PAGEREQ message contains a mobile identification code of the mobile station. The starting position register 160 receives the PAGEREQ message and sends the PAGEREQ to the mobile switching center (S 450) where the receiving mobile station is currently roaming. The PAGEREQ message includes a mobile identification code and an ESN parameter. The mobile switching center traces the position of the mobile station, 13 200402242, and sends a PAGEREQ message to the starting position register 丄 (s 460).泫 PAGEREQ message contains ACCDEN, MSCID and LocationAreaID parameters. Here, when tracking the position of the mobile station fails, the reason for the failure of the mobile parent center setting is in the ACCDEN parameter. When the value of the ACCDEN is "busy," the mobile station is in a busy state. Therefore, the position of the mobile station can be tracked normally. The starting position register 16 is The PAGEREQ message is transmitted by the mobile switching center to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 (s 47). The PAGEREQ message includes ACCDEN, MSCID and LocationAreaID parameters. The mobile positioning center 3 2 0 is based on the PAGEREQ Message and the application server 4 responds to the location service (S480). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a mobile location-based service system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Another example of a message flow based on the honeycomb service. The component symbol 4 00 represents an application server, 3 2 0 represents a mobile positioning center, 1 6 0 represents a starting position register, And 3 i 〇 represents a positioning decision entity. The application server 400 requests a location service from the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 (S5 10). The action receiving the location service request The positioning center 3 2 0 sends a PAGEREQ message to the starting position temporary storage 160 (S520). Here, the PAGEREQ message sent to the mobile switching center includes a mobile identification code and an esn parameter. 200402242 The mobile switching center It tracks the position of the mobile station, and sends a PAGEREQ message to the starting position register 160 (S 540). The PAGEREQ message contains the ACCDEN, MSCID and LocationArealD parameters. When tracking the position of the mobile station When the system fails, the action exchange center sets the reason for the failure in the ACCDEN parameter. On the other hand, when the value of the ACCDEN is "busy", the mobile station is in a busy state. Therefore, 'the operation The position of the station can be tracked normally. The starting position register 160 is transmitted by the mobile exchange center to the PAGEREQ message to the mobile positioning center 3 2 0 (S 5 50). The PAGEREQ message It contains ACCDEN, MSCID and LocationArealD parameters. The mobile positioning center 3 2 ◦ responds to the application server 4 00 according to the PAGEREQ message regarding the location service (S 5 6 0) The location-based service of the present invention does not affect the charges of the mobile switching center, and the information about the location-based service is always transmitted wirelessly by using a communication channel. According to the invention, the operation of the location-based service in the mobile switching center in many states of a user service will now be explained in detail. Figure 5a is a flowchart showing the steps for processing a SMS service in a mobile exchange during the location-based service period. When the mobile switching center is connected during the location-based service period, 200402242 When receiving the SMS service, the mobile switching center retained the SMS service (S 6 1 0) through a Visitor Location Register (VLR) and sent an SMDPP result message to a SMS service center (Short Message Service Center, SMC) (S6 2 0). For example, the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the result message sent to the mobile switching center has a value of 0 X 2 4 (SMS service delivery delay). Here, the mobile switching center usually implements the location-based service (S630). When ending the location-based service (S 6 30), the mobile switching center sends a SMS service notification message to the SMS service center (S 6 50), and receives the SMS service (S 6 6 0 ). Therefore, when the location-based service has ended, the SMS notification message is transmitted in the same manner as when the message was transmitted by the mobile switching center by using a SMS service standby flag. Figure 5b is a flowchart showing the steps to handle offline operations in a mobile switching center during the location-based service. When the mobile station is conducting a call and the location-based When the service is provided, if the off-line (hand-off) is generated, the mobile switching center only ends the location-based service (S 7 2 0), and maintains the call communication channel (s 7 3 0). Then, the mobile switching center sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity (876). For example, the SMS-CauseCode parameter has a value of 0x06 (unsupported network interface). 16 200402242 On the other hand, when the mobile station is not conducting a call and the location-based service is provided, if it is offline, the mobile switching center only ends the location-based service (S 7 4 0), and release the communication channel (S 7 50). Then, the mobile switching center sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity (s760). For example, the SMS-CauseCode parameter has a value of 0x0 6 (unsupported network interface). After the offline is successfully ended, when the mobile switching center provides the location-based service in a call state, the mobile switching center sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity. For example, the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the result message has a value of 0x0 6 (unsupported network interface). Figure 5c is a flow chart showing a procedure for processing an SMDPP message from a positioning decision entity in the mobile switching center. When an SMDPP request message is transmitted for the location-based service, the positioning determines that the length of the long-distance service identification parameter of an SMS service is set to "0". The long-distance service identification parameter of the SMS service is not transmitted to the mobile station because a corresponding domain does not exist in a CHAri domain of a data cluster message by wireless means. When a service indicator parameter of the SMDPP message is set to CDMA-pds to process a SMS service sender data parameter (S 8 1 0 and S 8 1 1), the mobile switching center fetches a location-based Service information message (S 8 1 2). The retrieved service data message based on the location 17 200402242 is based on a forward communication channel. It is added wirelessly to the CHAri field of the data cluster message, b you T and sends it to the mobile station (S8 1 3). In a state where a user does not exist in the mobile switching center or visitor location register, when the mobile switching center receives a: SMDPP request message (S8 2 0), if an action ㈣ is ^ 1 2 (resource allocation) (S8 3 Q) 'The mobile switching center performs location registration. That is, the mobile switching center is requesting confirmation of qualification (S 840) 'notification registration (S 850)' and implementation of a service based on a bit rate. When the mobile station exists in the corresponding mobile switching center ^ visitor location register, the mobile switching center is usually a location-based service (S 8 7 0), and when the mobile station is not = While in the corresponding mobile switching center or visitor location register, the mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 2 0 (without a response) and sends the message to This positioning determines the entity (s8 6 1). The action code parameter = represents the operation to be performed by a designated functional element, and the SMS CauseCode parameter represents the cause of a failure of the SMS service. Under the condition that a user does not exist in the mobile switching center or the temporary location of the visitor, when the mobile switching center receives a SMDPP request message (S8 2 0), if an action code is not 0. X 1 2 (resource allocation), the mobile switching center sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity (s 8 3 1). Here, the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the result message is set to "the destination is not 18 200402242 again at this address". Figure 5d is a flowchart showing the procedures for processing resource allocation and release in the mobile switching center.
This resource in the Border Operations Clearinghouse will be explained below (S 9 10). When the mobile station is in an idle state (s 9 1 1) 'If the mobile switching center receives an SMDPP request message with an action code 0x 2 0 from the positioning decision entity, the mobile switching center A new communication channel is allocated (s 9 1 2) and the location-based service is started (s 9 1 3). When the allocation of the communication channel fails 'The mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 2 0 (no signaling response), and sends the message. On the other hand, when the mobile station is in a state of talks, the mobile switching center does not allocate a new communication channel, but uses the existing communication channel to start the location-based service (S 9 1 4) The release of resources in the mobile switching center will be explained below (S 9 20). When the communication channel is assigned to implement only the location-based service and a call system does not exist, the mobile switching center releases the communication channel (S 9 3 1) to access the mobile station, and transmits a The SMDPP result message is sent to the positioning decision entity (S 950). Here, an SMS-BearerData parameter is set to a response message received in the mobile station. On the other hand, when a voice call exists in the mobile station (s 930), the mobile switching center maintains the communication channel to implement the voice call and ends a location-based service. 19 200402242 service conversation (S 9 4 0). Thereafter, the mobile switching center sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity (S950). Here, an SMS-BearerData parameter is set to a response message received in the mobile station. In the case where the location-based service dialog is inactive, the mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 6 C (dialogue inactive), and sends the SMDPP result message to This positioning determines the entity. The suspension of the location-based service in the mobile switching center will be explained below. When the location-based service is initiated in the mobile station in an idle state, the mobile station attempts to initiate a call, and if the mobile switching center receives a release message from the mobile station, The mobile switching center then ends the location-based service dialogue and implements a general initiation procedure. Here, the mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 X 6 C (conversation inactive), and sends an SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity. When the location-based service is initiated in the mobile station in an idle state and the mobile station is attempting to receive a call, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service conversation. The mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to χ 2 1 (the destination is busy), and sends the SMSDPP message to the positioning decision entity. When the mobile station starts the location-based service and ends a call in a busy state, the mobile switching center ends the bit 20 200402242-based service conversation. The mobile switching center sets the SMS__CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 6 C (dialogue inactive), and sends the SMDPP message to the positioning decision entity. On the other hand, when the mobile station is disconnected from the communication channel during the location-based service, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service. When receiving the release message from the mobile station, the mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 X 6 C (the dialog is inactive), and sends the SMSDPP result message to the location Determine the entity. When the mobile switching center does not receive a confirmation receipt message from the mobile station within a predetermined period (time ends), the mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0X 2 2 (Unconfirmed receipt), and send the SMDPP result message to the positioning decision entity. When receiving a wireless data access request from the mobile station during the location-based service, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service session and implements a wireless data access procedure. The mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 6 C, and sends the SMDPP message to the positioning decision entity. In addition, when the mobile station is shut down during the location-based service period, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service session and transmits the SMDPP message to the positioning decision entity. Here, the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the transmitted SMDPP result message is 0 × 6 C (dialogue inactive). On the other hand, when a battery 21 200402242 of the mobile station is separated from a subject during the location-based service period, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service conversation and transmits the SMDPP message To this positioning determines the entity. Here, when the mobile switching center receives the release message from the mobile station, the mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to χ 6 C (dialogue inactive), and When the mobile switching center does not receive the acknowledged message, the mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 × 2 2 (unconfirmed receipt). Whenever the mobile switching center is in the When receiving the SMDPP request message from the positioning decision entity during the location-based service period, the mobile switching center starts an inactivity timer. When the inactivity timer ends, the mobile switching center ends the location-based service 'and sends the SMDPP message to the positioning decision entity. Here, when the mobile code is resource allocation, the mobile switching center sets the SMS_CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 X 2 0 (no signaling response). When the mobile switching center fails to allocate the communication channel system , The mobile switching center sets the SMS-CauseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0 X 4 2 (other RF interface problems). In addition, when the mobile switching center does not receive the confirmation received message from the mobile station, the mobile switching center sets the SMS-CaUseCode parameter of the SMDPP result message to 0x2 2 (unconfirmed receipt). As described above, according to the present invention, the honeycomb-based and GPS-based location-based services can be used for mobile communications.
22 200402242 The service function of the mobile station of the household or the location service function of the mobile switching center is selectively provided. So 'this location-based service can be ended in all mobile stations. In addition, the GPS-based location-based service
The information is provided through the N07 signal network and is therefore implemented during the voice call of the mobile station. X Although the present invention is implemented in several forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, it should also be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are not limited to any of the details described above 5 unless specifically stated 5 All modifications and changes within the spirit and scope as defined in the appended _ scope of the patent application are interpreted in a broad manner, and therefore fall within the boundaries and boundaries of the scope of the patent application or the equivalent of such boundaries and boundaries It is intended to be covered by the appended patent application scope. Brief description of the drawings With reference to the following drawings, the present invention will become easier to understand. These drawings are for illustration only, and therefore are not a limitation of the present invention. Therefore, the first picture is a display. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of a mobile location-based service system capable of providing cellular-based and global positioning system-based location-based services is shown in FIG. 2; An information flow of the GPS-based service in a location-based service system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment according to the present invention An example of a message flow in a mobile location-based service system 23 200402242; Figure 4 shows a mobile location based on a preferred embodiment of the present invention Another example of a message flow of the honeycomb-based service in a service system; Figure 5a is a diagram showing a location-based service Figure 5b is a flow chart showing the steps for processing the SMS service in a mobile switching center during the period. Figure 5b is a flow chart showing the steps for processing offline operations in a mobile switching center during the location-based service. Figure 5c is a flowchart showing a procedure for processing an SMDPP message from a positioning decision entity in the mobile switching center; and Figure 5d is a flowchart showing the processing resources in the mobile switching center Flow chart of the allocation and release process. [Explanation of component symbols]
1 0 2nd generation mobile phone network system 110 Base transceiver station 12 0 Base hall controller 13 0 Mobile switching center 14 0 Interoperable equipment 150 Signal transfer point 160 Starting position register 2 0 5 Mobile phone network system 24 200402242 2 1 0 Base transceiver station 2 2 0 Base station controller 2 3 0 Mobile switching center 2 4 0 Signal transfer point 2 6 0 Packet exchange data network 3 0 0 Location information providing system 3 1 0 Location determination entity 3 2 0 Mobile positioning center 4 0 0 Ying Zhouci Yuegeng 6 0 0 Web server 25
200402242 The scope of patent application: 1 · A service system based on mobile location or horse, which is used to provide location-based services based on the honeycomb and global mid-tier clothing location systems, the The service system is in a / ^, a device used to provide a mobile communication user, a mobile station, and a location-based service by accessing a network server. Service & / τ ° The service system includes: an application server, total mf, for receiving a location information service, please use the location information of U corresponding mobile stations and for providing the mobile stations through an Internet. The location information; and a location education information providing system, which is used to receive a location information request from the application server, according to the information provided by an automatic parent change center that the mobile station belongs to _ A variety of location information services to distinguish the location of the mobile station, refer to the mobile switching center and send the remote location to the application server according to an identification code of the mobile station. 2 · As stated in the first patent scope of the mobile location-based service system, wherein the location information providing system includes: a mobile location center 'for receiving one from the application server A location information service request, and transmitting a location information result; and a niche decision body, which is used to determine the location of the mobile station through the mobile switching center under the control of the mobile positioning center, and when. When a service based on the global location system is provided by the mobile switching center, the location of the mobile station is output. 3 · Mobile location-based services such as item 1 of the scope of patent application 26 200402242, where 'the location information providing system is transmitted by using an SMDPP message between the mobile switching center and the positioning decision entity data. 4 · If the service area is based on the mobile location-based service system in the first patent application scope, wherein the location information providing system includes: a mobile positioning center, which is used to receive a location information from the application server Service request, and transmit a location information result; and a 1 'fixed position decisive body, which is used in the history of control of the mobile positioning center to determine the action by the mobile exchange center to which the mobile station belongs Location 'and when the mobile switching center roaming by the receiving mobile station supports a GPS-based location service function, the location of the mobile station is output. 5 · If the service area is based on the mobile location-based service system in the first patent application, where the location information providing system includes: a mobile positioning center, which is used to receive a location information from the application server Service request, and transmit a location information result; and ~ a starting position register, which is used to transmit the mobile communication including the mobile station when the mobile station does not support ~ global positioning system functions ^, The location information to the mobile positioning center.矜 ^ 6 According to the mobile location-based service system of item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the mobile positioning center of the location information providing system is temporarily stored at the starting position of the SMSADDR of the mobile station Device. 27 200402242 7 · A mobile location-based service method, which is used to exchange a wireless communication network user in a mobile switching center-a mobile station under the request of a positioning decision entity by a Global Positioning System to track the location of the mobile station, and to provide the mobile station only to the positioning decision entity, the method includes the following steps: receiving an SMDPP message from the positioning decision entity and the SMDPP message Take out a data message; When the SMDPP roar starts a location-based service day ^ 'Confirm whether a communication channel has been assigned to a corresponding action list, When the communication channel has been assigned to a corresponding action When transmitting the data message to the mobile station by using the communication channel; that is, when the communication channel is not yet allocated to a corresponding mobile station, a communication channel is allocated to the mobile station, and by using the communication Channel to send the data message to the mobile station; and based on a response message from the mobile station The back should be positioned decide entity. 8 · The mobile location-based service method according to item 7 of the scope of patent application, wherein the steps for confirming whether a communication channel has been assigned to a corresponding mobile room include the following steps: When the SMDPP One parameter is to confirm whether a call system of the mobile station exists when the resource is released; when the call exists, release a location-based service conversation •, and 28 200402242 when the call system does not exist, release the Communication channel. 9 · The mobile location-based service method according to item 8 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the releasing step includes a step for transmitting a response message from the mobile station to the positioning decision entity. 1 〇 If the service location-based service method of item 7 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the step for transmitting the data message to the mobile station is to set the length of the identification field of a SMS service long-range service to " 〇, 〇1 1 · If the service location-based service method is based on item 7 of the patent application scope, wherein the location-based service method in the mobile switching center includes the following steps: When receiving an SMS during a location-based service, keep the SMS; when the location-based service has ended, send a SMS service notification message; and implement SMS reception. 1 2 i 1 mobile location-based service method, wherein the step for implementing the receiving of the newsletter includes a method for receiving a newsletter when it is received during the location-based service ~ 'send a notification The short message transmission is a step of postponing the response message to a short message service center. 1 3. Take action as described in item 7 of the scope of patent application The base-based service method is the method ', where the location-based service method in the mobile switching center includes the following steps: 29 200402242 When offline starts, confirm whether a call system on the mobile station exists When the call exists, only the location-based service is ended; and when the call does not exist, the location-based service is ended. 1 4 · If the mobile application is located in item 13 of the scope of patent application, The basic service method, wherein the step for ending the location-based service includes a step for releasing the communication channel. 1 5 · Mobile location-based I service as in item 13 of the scope of patent application Blade 5 Among them, the end step is to send a message notifying a network interface to the positioning decision entity. 1 6 · If the service scope based service method of item 7 of the patent application 'wherein, The location-based service method in the mobile switching center includes a method for when the location-based service is in an idle state. When the mobile station starts and the mobile station attempts to initiate a call, the mobile station ends the location-based service and implements a general call initiation procedure. 1 7 · Take action as described in item 16 of the scope of patent application The location-based service method, wherein the step for implementing the general call initiation procedure includes a step for transmitting a message informing the location-based conversation that the activity is inactive to the positioning decision entity. 18 · If the location-based service method in item 7 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the location-based service method in the mobile switching center includes a location-based service It starts in an idle state in the mobile station and the mobile station attempts to call 30 200402242 to receive the day, and ends a step of location-based service. 1 9 · If the location is based on mobile location, the service method is based on item No. 丄 8, wherein the method for ending the location-based service includes a method for transmitting a notification. The basic dialogue is a step from a busy message to the positioning determining entity.
Owe 2. If the location-based service method in item 7 of the patent application scope, wherein the location-based service method in the mobile switching center includes a location-based service method The service is started in the mobile station in a busy state and the mobile station ends an H, and ends a location-based service step. The method of service 2 is Π, the scope of item No. 20 is based on the position of the action ', which is used to end the position-based service, ^ 3 one is used to send a notification, the position is based on Steps from the message of the basic dialogue ', 2 to the positioning determining entity.
Service: I ,: Location-based service method of the scope of patent application No. 7 ^ 丄 Position-based service in the operation exchange center. One is used when the operation station is in When the position-based server is disconnected from the 5H communication channel during the month, a position-based step ends. The service provider, such as the mobile location-based steps of item 22 of the patent application, includes two steps, which are used to end the location-based service, and read G 3-one for when a release message Receiving by the mobile station is a step of the Α body. D 5 Hai Dialogue is an inactive message to the positioning decision. 31 200402242 • If the scope of the patent application is No. 22, it is based on the mobile position. A service method, wherein the step for ending the location-based service includes a method for transmitting a notification that no acknowledgement is received when a confirmation receipt message is not received by the mobile station within a predetermined time. The information from the step to the positioning determines the entity.
D • If the location-based service method of item 7 in the scope of the patent application 'wherein, the location-based service method in the mobile exchange center includes a location-based service method The service period 丨 j ^ function room 丨 is the step of ending a location-based private service and implementing a wireless data access procedure when wireless data access is required. 26 If the mobile location-based service method in item 25 of the scope of patent application, A ^ ^ ^, the step for implementing the wireless data access procedure includes a field ^ for transmitting a notification The dialogue is the sound of inactivity, and the positioning determines the steps from Shen Peng to the gas. 2 7 · The service method based on mobile location in item 7 of Ru Shenqing's patent scope. The service provider of love towel should be based on the location in the mobile switching center. Location-based service steps. Time, service method to end a step based on location-based service 1: The step based on mobile position in the scope of patent No. 27 includes-one / the poem ends the position-based service to the positioning decision b A teleport—a step informing that the conversation is inactive. 2 9 · If applying for technology-patent scope item 7 based on mobile location 32 200402242 service method ^. Among them, the location-based service provider in the mobile switching center, + ~ must include a When one of the batteries is separated during the location-based service period, $ HAI LINE ^ + 74, the step of ending a location-based service is ended. 3 Γΐ 0 · For example, according to item 29 of the scope of patent application, based on the mobile position of the month ^ month, ", ancient, 4, ·, law, where the step for ending the location-based service is A, dagger 3-for receiving a release message from the mobile station, passing ^ a message notifying that the dialogue is inactive to the positioning determination entity step. 3 1 · The mobile location-based service method as described in item 29 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step for ending the location-based service includes a method for confirming the receipt of a message in a When not received by the mobile station within a predetermined time, a step of transmitting a message notifying receipt of the confirmation to the positioning decision entity. 3 2 · The mobile location-based service method according to item 7 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the step for ending the location-based service includes a method for locating an SMDPP request message whenever _ The step of starting a timer when deciding to receive by the entity. 3 3 · The mobile position-based service method according to item 32 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step for starting the timer includes a step for ending the position when the set timer ends Steps to serve the foundation. 34. The mobile location-based service method as described in item 33 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the step for ending the location-based service 33 200402242 includes a step for when the SMDPP message is a resource At the time of allocation, the step of transmitting a message notifying a no-response response to the positioning decision entity 〇 3 5 · As for the service method based on mobile location as in the scope of patent application No. 33, which is used to end the location The step of the base-based service includes a step for transmitting a message informing an interface that there is a problem to the positioning decision entity when the allocation of the communication channel fails. 36. The mobile location-based service method according to item 33 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the step for ending the location-based service includes a step for confirming that a message is not received. From the mobile station. De sent a message to notify the non-disc recognition of the received message to the positioning decision to receive, the steps of the bones.
Rucigong 34
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text:
Trailer for Fox's Lucifer appears, barely resembles Lucifer, surprises nobody
Predictions for Arrow Season 4!
First Look Trailer For Supergirl Released
by Callum Tyndall on 13/05/2015
The first look trailer for the new Supergirl TV series has just been released and has somewhat surprised me. Because I'm actually pretty excited now.
According to the show's synopsis, "Supergirl is an action-adventure drama based on the DC Comics character Kara Zor-El (Melissa Benoist), Superman's (Kal-El) cousin who, after 12 years of keeping her powers a secret on Earth, decides to finally embrace her superhuman abilities and be the hero she was always meant to be. Twelve-year-old Kara escaped the doomed planet Krypton with her parents' help at the same time as the infant Kal-El. Protected and raised on Earth by her foster family, the Danvers, Kara grew up in the shadow of her foster sister, Alex (Chyler Leigh), and learned to conceal the phenomenal powers she shares with her famous cousin in order to keep her identity a secret. Years later at 24, Kara lives in National City assisting media mogul and fierce taskmaster Cat Grant (Golden Globe Award winner Calista Flockhart), who just hired the Daily Planet's former photographer, James Olsen (Mehcad Brooks), as her new art director. However, Kara's days of keeping her talents a secret are over when Hank Henshaw (David Harewood), head of a super-secret agency where her sister also works, enlists her to help them protect the citizens of National City from sinister threats. Though Kara will need to find a way to manage her newfound empowerment with her very human relationships, her heart soars as she takes to the skies as Supergirl to fight crime."
Now, Supergirl isn't a character I'm hugely familiar with and I'm not even a massive fan of her cousin. But with this extended trailer I'm already pretty hooked on the ideas that look to be explored. With the show being picked up by CBS, a sort of sister company of the CW, and worked on by members of the same team behind Arrow and The Flash, there's not only potential for crossover down the line but it looks like we'll be getting more of the human side of superhuman. Starting with Arrow and since expanding into shows such as The Flash, Gotham and Constantine, the DC TV universe, though not faultless, has strived to find the human heart behind the masks and looks set to continue the trend with Supergirl. Interestingly, the trailer makes several mentions to the famous cousin and though it may seems somewhat unlikely given Henry Cavill's presence in the cinematic DC Universe and the way in which they seem fairly determined to keep the TV and movie universes separate, its exciting to think we could get an appearance down the line. Either way, Supergirl seems to have a lot to offer and it's great to see a female led DC show hit the screens. Hopefully we'll get to see more soon.
Check out the trailer below and let us know what you think in the comments:
Calista FlockhartCat GrantChyler LeighDavid HarewoodDCGreg BerlantiHenry CavillJimmy OlsenKal-Elkara zor-elKryptonmechad brooksmelissa benoistMetropolisSupergirlsuperman
Callum Tyndall
I'm a fan of Batman, RPGs and anything fantasy related. Mostly PC based.
Calista FlockhartCat GrantChyler Leigh
First Pictures of Supergirl Costume for TV Show
Porcelain: Bone China
Much Ado About Nothing – Joss Whedon
Űber #0 – 10 GPPs
The Witcher Saga
Crash Geek Dummy #1 – Fenetic Drift Balance Board

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Lesson: What Is a Program?
Contributed by: GK-12 Program, Computational Neurobiology Center, College of Engineering, University of Missouri
What Is a Program?
(Two 50-minutes sessions)
Subject Areas: Computer Science, Science and Technology
What Is a Computer Program?
Navigating a Maze
How Do You Make a Program Wait?
Wait Program!
How Do You Make Loops and Switches?
Using Waits, Loops and Switches
What Is Bluetooth?
Remote Control Using Bluetooth
algorithm computer computer program EV3 LEGO MINDSTORMS program programming robot
Students discover what computer prgorams are
Copyright © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA. All rights reserved. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=computer&ex=1#ai:MP900430487|
Students are introduced to the basic concepts of computer programs, algorithms and programming. Using a few blindfolds and a simple taped floor maze exercise, students come to understand that computers rely completely upon instructions given in programs and thus programs must be comprehensive and thorough. Then students learn to program using the LEGO® MINDSTORMS® software. They create and test basic programs, first using just the LEGO intelligent brick, and then using basic movement commands with the LEGO software on computers. A detailed PowerPoint® presentation, plus a worksheet and pre/post quizzes are provided.
Engineers in all fields use computer programs to do calculations, run simulations, program machines and much more. Learning how to program is an essential skill for almost all engineers (and many others) as computers are used more and more often to tackle all sorts of problems. Engineers even design the computer programs that you use all the time on your own computer, such as Microsoft® Word® or Excel®. When you text message a friend, that is done by a computer program! An "app" is a computer program. iTunes is a computer program used to make playlists and play favorite songs. A computer program is also what alerts a car's driver if a seat belt is not fastened and alerts the police when a burglar trips a building alarm.
Explain the meaning of a computer program.
Describe basic movement programs for the LEGO MINDSTORMS robot.
3-5-ETS1-2. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. (Grades 3 - 5)
Generate and compare multiple solutions to a problem based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the design problem.
Research on a problem should be carried out before beginning to design a solution. Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions.
At whatever stage, communicating with peers about proposed solutions is an important part of the design process, and shared ideas can lead to improved designs.
Engineers improve existing technologies or develop new ones to increase their benefits, to decrease known risks, and to meet societal demands.
3-5-ETS1-3. Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. (Grades 3 - 5)
Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, using fair tests in which variables are controlled and the number of trials considered.
Tests are often designed to identify failure points or difficulties, which suggest the elements of the design that need to be improved.
Different solutions need to be tested in order to determine which of them best solves the problem, given the criteria and the constraints.
MS-ETS1-2. Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. (Grades 6 - 8)
Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria.
There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem.
MS-ETS1-3. Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. (Grades 6 - 8)
Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings.
Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution that is better than any of its predecessors.
Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design.
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm. (Grade 5) More Details
Various relationships exist between technology and other fields of study. (Grades 3 - 5) More Details
Test and evaluate the solutions for the design problem. (Grades 3 - 5) More Details
The processing of information through the use of technology can be used to help humans make decisions and solve problems. (Grades 3 - 5) More Details
New products and systems can be developed to solve problems or to help do things that could not be done without the help of technology. (Grades 6 - 8) More Details
Missouri - Math
Missouri - Science
Describe how new technologies have helped scientists make better observations and measurements for investigations (e.g., telescopes, electronic balances, electronic microscopes, x-ray technology, computers, ultrasounds, computer probes such as thermometers) (Grade 5) More Details
What Is a Program? Presentation (EV3 version) (pptx)
What Is a Program? Presentation (EV3 version) (pdf)
What Is a Program? Presentation (NXT version) (pptx)
What Is a Program? Presentation (NXT version) (pdf)
What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz (docx)
What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz (pdf)
What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz Answer Key (docx)
What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz Answer Key (pdf)
What Is a Program? Worksheet (EV3 version) (docx)
What Is a Program? Worksheet (EV3 version) (pdf)
What Is a Program? Worksheet (NXT version) (docx)
What Is a Program? Worksheet (NXT version) (pdf)
What Is a Program? Worksheet Answer Key (EV3 version) (docx)
What Is a Program? Worksheet Answer Key (EV3 version) (pdf)
What Is a Program? Worksheet Answer Key (NXT version) (docx)
What Is a Program? Worksheet Answer Key (NXT version) (pdf)
Visit [www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/umo_computerprogram_lesson01] to print or download.
Building on the programming basics learned so far in the unit, students next learn how to program using sensors rather than by specifying exact durations. Working with the LEGO® MINDSTORMS® EV3 robots and software, they learn about wait blocks and how to use them in conjunction with move blocks set ...
Students learn how to program using loops and switches. Using the LEGO® MINDSTORMS® robots, sensors and software, student pairs perform three mini programming activities using loops and switches individually, and then combined.
How Does a Touch Sensor Work?
Students learn about how touch sensors work, while reinforcing their similarities to the human sense of touch. They look at human senses and their electronic imitators, with special focus on the nervous system, skin and touch sensors.
How Does an Ultrasonic Sensor Work?
Students learn about how ultrasonic sensors work, reinforcing the connection between this sensor and how humans, bats and dolphins estimate distance. They learn the echolocation process—sound waves transmitted, bounced back and received, with the time difference used to calculate the distance of obj...
Ability to perform basic arithmetic, including addition, multiplication and division.
(Be ready to show students the 43-slide What Is a Program? Presentation, a Microsoft® PowerPoint® file, to teach the lesson. In advance, make copies of the What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz, provided as attachments and slides, and the What Is a Program? Worksheet. Use a ruler and tape to prepare a simple maze on the floor in one corner of the classroom; see Figure 1. Student groups also need LEGO robot components, as described in the Background section.)
As computers are being used in more and more applications, the ability to program becomes very important in all activities and jobs. Programming is the way you tell a computer how to perform a task that you want it to do. If you think of all the "apps" available for smartphones, you realize that these programs do everything from sending messages to playing chess to performing bank transactions. Being able to program means that you can tell a computer how to tackle a unique problem that you otherwise would not be able to solve. For instance, astronauts would probably not survive long on the surface of Mars, but by programming rovers, researchers have been able to explore the planet's surface without endangering people. (Note: Refer to the Engineering Connection section for additional everyday programming examples.)
Programming is such a powerful tool because computers are able to store much more information and perform many more calculations much more quickly than humans can. For example, the use of computers and programming has it made it possible to generate computer models that are able to make predictions of how the weather might change—-something unimaginable for scientists to do otherwise.
(Continue by showing the presentation and delivering the content in the Lesson Background section.)
This lesson presents the basics of programming and teaches students how to write programs that LEGO MINDSTORMS robots can follow. Emphasize the definitions of program and algorithm. As described below, present the lesson using the content provided in the slide presentation, divided into Day 1 and Day 2, two 50-minute sessions.
During the lesson, each group needs the following materials:
LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robot, such as EV3 Core Set (5003400) for $389.95 at https://education.lego.com/en-us/products/lego-mindstorms-education-EV3-core-set-/5003400
Follow the taskbot building instructions in the core set manual, expected to take 45 minutes max; alternatively, build a simpler taskbot following the "Five Minute Bot" building instructions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dhe2jXi3Fc4
LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 Software 1.2.1, free online, you have to register a LEGO account first; at https://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/downloads/download-software
computer, loaded with EV3 1.2.1 software
Alternative: LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Set:
Note: This activity can also be conducted with the older (and no longer sold) LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT set instead of EV3; see below for those supplies:
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT robot, such as the NXT Base Set
computer loaded with the NXT 2.1 software
Day 1: What is a Program? Presentation Outline (Slides 1-17)
Administer the pre-quiz by handing out paper copies; the quiz is also on slide 2. The answers are provided for the teacher on slide 3 for discussion after students have completed the quiz.
(slide 4) Talk to students about the pervasiveness of computers in our world, and all the different sorts of functions they perform for us. Introduce them to the idea that programming is the way you tell a computer how to perform a task that you want it to do.
Clarify today's objectives: 1) investigate programs and algorithms—what are they? 2) become familiar with simple commands that are used in programs and 3) learn how to use the LEGO MINDSTORMS software to write programs that the LEGO robot can understand and execute.
(slides 5-6) Introduce and define a program and an algorithm and give some examples. A program is a series of instructions written to direct a computer to perform a given task. An algorithm is a clear and specific procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. When you write a program to perform a task, you are really designing an algorithm that will solve a problem.
(slide 7) Then put it together: Programming is designing an algorithm to solve a problem. Emphasize that computers and robots are completely dependent on programs, and any mistakes in a program will lead to the computer or robot failing to complete the task in the way you intended.
Figure 1. Prepare for the lesson's mini-activity by using a line of tape to make s simple and short maze on the smooth floor in a corner of the classroom.
Copyright © (left) 2005 Tracee L. Jackson, U.S. Marine Corps via Wikimedia Commons; (middle) GK-12 Program, Computational Neurobiology Center, College of Engineering, University of Missouri; (right) North Carolina State Parks http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blindfoldlowres.gif http://www.ncparks.gov/Visit/parks/hari/pics/harp_maze.jpg
(slides 8-12) Introduce a 10-minute mini-activity: Programing as an Algorithm. This is a two-part activity in which blindfolded student volunteers are guided by voice commands from other students on how to navigate a simple/short maze in one corner of the room that is made with tape on the floor (refer to Figure 1 or slide 8).
For the first part of the mini-activity (slide 8), blindfold a volunteer student to serve as a "robot" and have him/her stand at the start of the maze, hands at her/his sides. Have another student volunteer, serving as the "programmer," give a series of commands (go forward two steps, turn right, etc.) to direct the "robot" to complete the maze.
(slide 9) As a class, discuss what happened and share observations about how it went. Ask the following questions to give students something to think about:
Did the "programmer" get the blindfolded "robot" through the maze? How did it go?
Did the "commander" always tell the "robot" to go the correct number of steps?
Often, it is easier for the "programmer" to give instructions if s/he can tell the "robot" to go forward until s/he senses something. Why? (This way, the "programmer" does not have to worry about telling the "robot" exactly how many steps to move forward.)
(slide 10) For the second part of the mini-activity, choose a new volunteer to be blindfolded. This time, permit the "robot" to stretch out his hands and arms in front of his body to sense when he is approaching a wall. Have another student give the commands to direct the "robot" to get through the maze. Now, commands such as such as "go forward until you hit a wall" are permitted.
(slides 11-12) As a class, discuss what happened and make a few points. Summarize the mini-activity by highlighting the correlation between the preciseness and quality of the "program" or instructions given to the blindfolded student and the ability of the blindfolded student to complete the maze. Emphasize that, like a robot, the blindfolded student could not make his or her own judgments about where to go and if the programmer made a mistake, the maze would not be completed correctly.
Next, introduce students to quick programming using the LEGO EV3 brick. Note: The brick has some basic features that allow the creation of simple programs without needing to program from a computer. Because only a few different options for commands are offered and the program can have at most five commands, this method of programming is generally not very helpful, but it is the best way to introduce students to programming.
(slide 13) Turn on the LEGO MINDSTORMS Intelligent Brick by pressing the orange button, then use the arrows to the "EV3 Program" screen and select it with the orange button. Then press the orange button again. Now you can select one of several possible commands by scrolling with the arrow keys and pressing the orange button. Repeat four more times until the program has five blocks. Press the orange button to run the program.
(slides 14-15) With the students, follow the slide instructions to make a simple program using only the LEGO brick. Then give students some time to clear the five slots and create their own simple programs. Doing this makes it clear to students that the LEGO brick is a small computer. However, quick programming on the LEGO brick has its drawbacks and limitations (slides 16-17). It provides only a narrow range of commands and a maximum of five, which is rarely adequate for designing programs to complete our tasks.
Day 2: Programming with MINDSTORMS Presentation Outline (Slides 18-41)
Programming using the LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 software on a computer allows for many more possibilities, and is a powerful tool for students to learn to use. Slides 19-41 provide detailed information on how to write and download basic movement programs for the LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robot.
With student pairs assembled at computers, hand out the worksheets and direct students to answer the questions and fill them in as concepts and information are covered in the presentation.
Have students launch the software (slide 19) and open a program (slide 20). Orient them to the workspace (slide 21) and programming blocks (slide 22). Walk through the details of the "Move Block" features (slides 23-32), including port, direction, steering, power, duration and next action. The helpful hints (slide 32) are useful for estimating duration in almost any subsequent programs.
(slide 33) Ask students to program an example task. Slides 33-39 provide instructions for how to break down the problem and create a program for the robot to complete the task. Then, slide 40 provides instructions for downloading the program onto the robot.
Administer the post-quiz by handing out paper copies; the quiz is also on slide 41. The answers are provided on slide 42. This concludes the lesson. Slide 43 contains vocabulary terms and definitions. Next, conduct the associated activity Navigating a Maze where pairs create computer programs to navigate their LEGO robots through a maze on the floor created with cardboard boxes.
Navigating a Maze - After learning how program development follows the steps of the engineering design process, student pairs create computer programs to navigate their LEGO robots through a maze on the floor created with cardboard boxes. To solve the design challenge, they apply their new understanding of "move blocks" to program the taskbots.
algorithm: A clear and specific procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps.
iterate: Perform over again.
program: A sequence of instructions written to direct a computer to perform a task.
Pre-Quiz: Before starting the lesson, administer the two-question What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz by handing out paper copies (also on slide 2). Students' answers reveal their base knowledge about programs and algorithms. Answers are provided on the What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz Answer Key (and slide 3). Administer the same quiz at lesson end.
Worksheet: On Day 2, have students complete the What Is a Program? Worksheet while the teacher delivers the presentation content. At the end of Day 2, collect and review the worksheets to assess student understanding of the lesson concepts.
Post-Quiz: At lesson end, administer the What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz again by handing out paper copies (also on slide 41). Compare students' answers to their pre-quiz answers to assess how well they learned the concepts during the course of the lesson. Answers are provided on the What Is a Program? Pre/Post Quiz Answer Key (and slide 42).
EV3 User's Guide. Accessed Jul 17, 2016 http://why.gr/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/EV3-User-Guide-EN.pdf
Riaz Helfer, Pranit Samarth, Satish S. Nair
© 2014 by Regents of the University of Colorado; original © 2013 Curators of the University of Missouri
GK-12 Program, Computational Neurobiology Center, College of Engineering, University of Missouri
This curriculum was developed under National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. DGE 0440524. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.


Andrew Woodward (@andrewwoody) from 21apps posted a picture of his bookshelf on his company's site.
His bookshelf is completely different to mine which I am going to take on board and look into in more detail. However, its interesting to hear about what people are reading.


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Read our latest blogs and keep up with events and activities happening in Cayuga County.
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More Classic Drive-Ins
By Susan Dove on Aug. 16, 2022
I am on the road again in pursuit of the best chocolate soft ice cream, and butter pecan of the hard variety. I found two classic ice cream drive-ins at Pete's Treats and Classic Cones in the heart of Cayuga County. Pete's Treats is a treat! It is located in the Village of Union Springs, and has recently had a face lift. It is clean and neat and serves all your drive-in classics! I had a cheese…
By Dawn Lubaszewski on Dec. 20, 2021
Ring out the Old and Ring in the New It's time to say Goodbye to 2021 and Hello to 2022! Planning on going out this New Year's Eve? Or are you planning on skipping the big parties but still want to celebrate? There isn't just one way to celebrate the New Year, check out the list below for a few ideas on how to celebrate, there are many options here in Cayuga County. Gather your friends and…
By Dawn Lubaszewski on Nov. 19, 2021
Happy Thanksgiving! "Gratitude can transform common days into thanksgivings, turn routine jobs into joy, and change ordinary opportunities into blessings." — William Arthur Ward Personally, Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday, all its asks of you is to gather with people you care about and share a meal. No gifts, no special decorations, just people getting together to enjoy each other's company and…
Dugan's Country Grill -2021 Best of the Region
By Beonca Louis on Oct. 08, 2021
Dugan's Country Grill - A Sweet Treat Trail Surprise Dugan's Country Grill is located in Aurora, New York near both Wells College and MacKenzie Childs. Owner of Dugan's Country Grill, Michael Dugan, and Chef, AJ Franklin, are proud to serve up the best breakfast and homemade comfort food in Upstate, New York. You can learn more about them on their, "Who We Are" video on YouTube. Click here to…
Celebrating National Hispanic Heritage Month
By Karen Quezada on Sep. 24, 2021
National Hispanic Heritage Month is a celebration that starts on September 15 and lasts for an entire month until October 15, as an appreciation for the contributions of the Hispanic Americans, the descendants of the people from Mexico, Spain, and South America. Their contributions towards enriching the culture of US, forming its history and being part of major achievements are recognized during…
New Stop on the Sweet Treat Trail
By Beonca Louis on Sep. 10, 2021
A MENU WITH A MISSION TO SUPPORT THE ARTS Cafe 108 is located in Auburn, New York. The building is an expansion of Auburn Public Theatre. Every dollar spent at the restaurant funds the nonprofit's mission to cultivate affordable access to art education for everyone. This mission driven restaurant fosters community in a beautiful gathering space with an inviting atmosphere. Auburn Public…
New York Pizzeria in Cato NY
By Flawless Cuts Crew on Apr. 23, 2021
"Lived up to all the hype" What if you could have the best wings in Cayuga county and the pizza to match? Served crunchy and crispy with hot sauce that sticks to the wings and pooled at the bottom of the bowl. Yes our wings came in a bowl. New York pizzeria is located in Cato New York, about 15 minutes north of auburn. You wouldn't expect much from a pizza place located in a town of about 2,000…
Spring & Our Wineries
By Claire Dunlap on Mar. 22, 2021
Here in Cayuga County our wineries range in size and styles. Most of them are relatively small giving us a unique bespoke experience. Our county boasts 11 wineries, so there is truly a place and taste for everyone. The producers here create some of the best quality wines in New York State and when you visit, it is a special experience in an intimate atmosphere that focuses on the technique of…
Curbside Cayuga
By Staff on Dec. 01, 2020
Like the most of us, after a long day at home you are ready for a break! Treat yourself and support our community by ordering from your favorite local restaurant. Many restaurants have switched over to no-seating options in their dining rooms to help with social distancing during the coronavirus pandemic. Here's a list of restaurants currently participating in carryout orders, curbside delivery…
Takeout Tuesday - Burger Night
By Claire Dunlap on May. 26, 2020
Coming into the summer months cook outs and picnics and easy meals are on our minds. Why not take the work out of preparing dinner one night and pick up a delicious burger and take it to the park or back to your back yard to enjoy in this beautiful change of weather we've been having!? This #TakeoutTuesday burgers are on the menu. With so many tantalizing options in Cayuga County it's hard to…
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The Miami Hurricanes football team, established in 1926, is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision. Their most recent National Title came in 2001, when Larry Coker led the 'canes to a perfect season.
The 2001 Hurricanes football team is widely considered to be one of the greatest college football teams of all time. When their previous season ended in disappointment thanks to the BCS ranking system, the Hurricanes entered 2001 with a vengeance. They defeated their arch rival Florida State on the road 49-27, and went on to win the National Championship against the Nebraska Cornhuskers 37-14. Their average margin of victory during this season was nearly 33 points.
The Hurricanes have not seen success like that since then, but there will almost certainly be a time when they return to their role of dominance in the world of NCAA Football.
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text:
Difficulty: Hard

https://leetcode.com/problems/parallel-courses/

There are N courses, labelled from 1 to N.

We are given relations[i] = [X, Y], representing a prerequisite relationship between course X and course Y: course X has to be studied before course Y.

In one semester you can study any number of courses as long as you have studied all the prerequisites for the course you are studying.

Return the minimum number of semesters needed to study all courses.  If there is no way to study all the courses, return -1.

**Example 1:**
![ex1](ex1.png)
```
Input: N = 3, relations = [[1,3],[2,3]]
Output: 2
Explanation:
In the first semester, courses 1 and 2 are studied. In the second semester, course 3 is studied.
```

**Example 2:**
![ex2](ex2.png)
```
Input: N = 3, relations = [[1,2],[2,3],[3,1]]
Output: -1
Explanation:
No course can be studied because they depend on each other.
```

**Note:**

1. 1 <= N <= 5000
2. 1 <= relations.length <= 5000
3. relations[i][0] != relations[i][1]
4. There are no repeated relations in the input.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
90 Seconds On The Verge
Nexus 5, Syria's chemical weapons, and Bret McKenzie: 90 Seconds on The Verge
By Verge Video Oct 31, 2013, 7:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Nexus 5, Syria's chemical weapons, and Bret McKenzie: 90 Seconds on The Verge
On Day Four, the office was in mourning. A somber production staff tried their best to continue with their day-to-day work, but the sadness was palpable. Surprisingly, the lone editor continued his work as his deadline was fast approaching and he was already in hot water with his boss. If he can get his work done in time, it will truly be a happy Halloween.
Stories of the day:
Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions
Android 4.4 KitKat: Google's simpler, integrated operating system designed for every phone
Syria destroys chemical weapons facilities ahead of deadline
Flight of the Conchords' Bret McKenzie will return to TV with new animated comedy
Written by Nathan Cykiert and Ross Miller. Video and Production by Zach Goldstein.


Please note that due to the automated delivery of virtual products including pdf downloads, PayPal payment is required at the checkout - we are unable to accept the cheque payment method for these items.
Cold Honey has a recurring theme that is based on or at least imitative of the Middle Eastern ney tradition. Between the five appearances of this theme, Clarke writes rather freely while staying within the modal scale of the main melody.


Here are ways to contact me.
My facebook page. If you want to friend me, message me about who you are and how you found me so I don't ignore you as a scam.
This is a group I set up that deals with Discworld, games, and Discworld games. Anyone can join. The yahoo group is kind of dead at the moment.
This is my Kingdom of Loathing character. KOL is a superb game; sound mechanics and hilarious writing. If enough of my friends play, we could form a clan.


An article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) says that female physicians, smaller patient loads and electronic reminders are associated with better delivery of preventive health care to patients, rather than the way in which primary care practices are funded.
Although there is significant interest around the world in improving primary care delivery -- that is, first-line general health care -- and disease prevention, there is a lack of evidence about which payment model is associated with superior delivery of primary care.
Researchers looked at different funding models in family practices in Ontario, Canada -- fee-for-service, salaried, new and established capitation practices -- to determine whether there was an association between a particular model and superior preventive care. The study included 137 primary care practices, with 35 fee-for-service, 35 community health centres (salaried model), 35 in family health networks (new capitation model) and 32 in family health networks (the older capitation model).
Although it appeared that fee-for-service practices and those in the established capitation model scored lower on the prevention score, the type of funding model was not a significant factor after the authors accounted for patient characteristics, organizational structure and physician characteristics.
"We observed important differences in the prevention activities between primary care practices in the four funding models in Ontario," states Dr. Simone Dahrouge, University of Ottawa, with coauthors. "However, when organizational factors were considered, we found that practice structure rather than funding arrangements was the primary determinant of the delivery of evidence-based preventive health care."
"No funding model was clearly associated with superior preventive care," write the authors. "Factors related to physician characteristics and practice structure were stronger predictors of performance."


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text:
How to Go Pro in Esports
The journey to the top is long and arduous and often mysterious. We hope to help those making the climb.
For many aspiring players, their goal is to take their talents as far as they can which, hopefully, includes going pro. Unlike many traditional sports, however, going pro in esports is a bit of a nebulous concept. Where other sports have farm systems, little leagues, and even collegiate programs, esports structure at the amateur and middle tiers of competition is woefully absent.
At GYO, we aim to help change this by providing resources not just to players, but to those who operate amateur and mid-tier leagues, tournaments, and events as well. We support gaming venues such as LAN gaming centers and gaming arenas, and we support organized teams and clubs as well. At GYO, we aspire to help connect players with the opportunities to shine and get discovered, and then the rest is up to them.
Here's how you can get started with your pro career on GYO.
Choose a Title or Two
While gamers do tend to hop around newly released titles, those who wish to commit to an esports program should focus on one or two titles maximum for their professional competitive play. If you're going to have multiple titles, try to focus in at least on a specific genre that you wish to become an expert in. If you're looking for collegiate scholarships, you can never go wrong with MOBAs, strategy games and deck builders like Hearthstone, and shooters that are not realistic (i.e. Overwatch versus Call of Duty).
While it is tempting to chase the popular titles, keep in mind that these titles are also the spaces where the heaviest competition lies, so it will be harder to stand out from the pack. Therefore it's not a bad idea to embrace titles that may be less popular overall, but still have a healthy competitive scene.
More than anything, find a game you enjoy playing, because you're going to need to grind it out with the game for a long time, and you're more likely to survive the experience if you actually enjoy what you're playing!
Sign Up for GYO
Putting aside the statistics for a moment, GYO is collecting a database of players who are interested in going pro. Even if our site does not yet have statistics for your favorite game, we do list leagues, competitions, and recruitment opportunities for all supported titles, and joining GYO means you have an opportunity to be found and recruited.
Signing up is free, and you can configure your privacy options the way you want to ensure your information is shared only with authorized scouts and pro teams, or you can be open and receive invitations from start up clubs looking to put together a run. You can configure everything you need to be discovered with GYO.
Prize earning data powered by Esports Earnings
I feel extremely blessed, yes definitely. I feel very lucky recently. It been very awesome to receive a scholarship offer! That GYO thing, I'm definitely keeping up on that for so long!
Nick H.
California, Age 17
Rocket League Scholarship
You never will really succeed if you keep hanging back. You got to go out and try things. You can't always be skeptical about everything you see.
Danyel A.
Georgia, Age 17
Smite Scholarship
This is a good opportunity to get into the league scene and hopefully go pro, but also a great chance to get my college degree.
If you feel like you want to pursue this, then you really have to take that leap of faith and play to your best abilities.
Dustin C.
League of Legends Scholarship
It was really cool to get these offers from both these places. I never really had that before. And if there were any opportunity to make something of my talents and video games, I would be all for it. I'm going to enjoy it while I can and earn my degree.
There's no real downside to it (GYO). If you're going to be playing the game anyways, might as well get something out of it!
Noah S.
Wisconsin, Age 20
I was SHOCKED! I didn't think I even did this properly; I didn't think I was going to get anything from this. Fast forward, and I woke up to an email that I had someone trying to contact me!
When I played ranked, I would occasionally get contacted by college recruiter, but nothing would happen. But through GYO, it's really good because it allows them to come see you and directly see your stats and find easier ways to contact me. It really helps your name get out there.
Kansas, Age 20
Show them! It doesn't take much time! All you got to do is log on, play a few games, and your stats will speak for themselves! When you have places like GYO, take advantage of that!
The little time I have to play games, it definitely worth the time to invest in sites like GYO.
Arlay D.
Overwatch Scholarship
Create Your Group
Want to rally fellow gamers to your team or group? Create a free group profile page on GYO.
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