Dr. Kennedy K. Mutundu - Dean, School of Social SciencesThe School of Social Sciences (SSS) was established from the former larger School of Applied Social Sciences in September 2010 and was established with a mission of offering internationally recognized and acclaimed undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral study opportunities. Besides training programmes, the School is a rapidly growing center of excellence in research and community outreach, with its staff members involved in various projects that greatly compliment its academic programmes.
Our greatest resource is the body of students, undergraduate and postgraduate to whom we are dedicated in offering timely and quality service through career mentorship, Social Sciences based student clubs, seminars and community outreach programmes.


text:
HOME FOOD & DRINK
Can You Use Heavy Whipping Cream in Sausage Gravy?
By: Fred Decker
How to Make Homemade Gravy With a Roux & Whipping Cream
How to Thicken Stew With Flour
How to Make Olive Garden Zuppa Toscana
How to Render Pork Fat Into Lard
The Ratio of Flour to Milk for Gravy
Depending where you were raised, you might think of gravy either as a heavy and fatty afterthought to the main meal, or as practically a food group in its own right. If you fall into the second category, you're probably already partial to sausage gravy. It's traditionally made in the same pan as the sausage, so the drippings can infuse it with their flavor. Some form of milk or cream is mandatory, with whipping cream making the richest and silkiest gravy.
Starting in the Skillet
When you finish cooking sausage patties or individual sausage links in your skillet, two things will be left behind. One is the cooking juices from the pork or beef in your sausage, in the form of a browned-on layer sticking to your skillet. The browning is important, because it's a natural process that creates intensely savory flavors out of the relatively bland meat juices. The second thing left behind is a pool of fat, something most diners would ordinarily avoid. But you need a certain amount of fat to make a traditional-style gravy. It's cooked together with flour to make a thickener, called a roux.
Stirring the Roux
A modest batch of gravy, making perhaps 2 cups, requires two to three tablespoons each of fat and flour. If you have more than the necessary amount of fat in the skillet you can drain the excess, or alternatively you can add oil to make up the amount you need. If you're willing to trade a bit of flavor for a reduction in saturated fat, pour away all the sausage drippings and replace them with unsaturated vegetable oil. As you stir the flour and fat together, the fat coats the flour particles, helping them stay lump-free when you mix up the gravy. This pre-cooking also takes most of the starchy flavor from the flour.
Bringing the Cream
Once your roux has cooked to an evenly pale gold color, and the starchy smell of the flour has given way to a rounded, nutty tone, it's time to add your cream. Pour the cold cream into your hot roux in a thin stream, whisking it briskly with a wire whisk or a fork. Whisking disperses the roux throughout the cream, helping spread the thickener evenly. It also helps dissolve the browned-on sausage juices from the bottom of the pan so they can lend their color and flavor to the gravy. Continue stirring for eight to 12 minutes, until the gravy has fully thickened.
Once the gravy has thickened and no longer has any noticeable starchy taste, it's done. Taste it and adjust the seasonings as necessary, then pour it into a tall, thin measuring cup and keep it warm for a few minutes while any excess fat rises to the surface. Spoon that off, or if you have an old-fashioned gravy separator, use it to skim fat from the surface of the gravy as you fill your serving dish or gravy boat. Serve the gravy with sausage and biscuits, or any other side dishes that are traditional in your family.
Professional Cooking; Wayne Gisslen
Fine Cooking: How to Make and Use a Roux
Betty Crocker: Country Gravy
Fred Decker is a trained chef and prolific freelance writer. In previous careers, he sold insurance and mutual funds, and was a longtime retailer. He was educated at Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. His articles have appeared on numerous home and garden sites including GoneOutdoors, TheNest and eHow.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Consulta Decode vs Case Temos duas formas de trabalhar com condição dentro de consultas em Oracle SQL, são elas o Case e o Decode, os dois tem a mesma função. Permitir de forma dinâmica e pratica como obter um retorno de uma coluna com base em uma condição.
Qual a diferença? qual é o melhor? e Porque?

A: O decode funciona como um if de algumas linguagens condição resultado
EXEMPLO
SELECT DECODE(TIPO_PESSOA,'J','JURIDICA','F','FISICA','DESCONHECIDO')
FROM CLIENTES

O case permite "regras" mais complexas
SELECT (CASE WHEN SALDO = 0 THEN  'BOM'
             WHEN SALDO BETWEEN 1 AND 800 THEN 'MEDIO'
             ELSE 'RUIM' END) TIPO_PAGADOR
FROM CLIENTES

consulte a documentação para mais detalhes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Is he a human or a fish? Sometimes, we're not quite sure. Will started swimming at the age of four, and stayed in the water through college, swimming competitively with Eastern Michigan University. With an impressive résumé in swim instruction, he was an obvious fit for Goldfish. He joined the Goldfish Birmingham team with his best friend, a former high school Swim Coach of the Year and now Goldfish Grand Rapids Co-Owner, Matt Watson, in 2006. He shifted through a variety of positions but really hit his stride as a swim instructor.
Talk about dedication! Will spent six years teaching children how to swim at Goldfish Birmingham. When he came to a career crossroads, his next move was clear: joining Matt and their partners, Sarah Alberts and Kendra Watson, to open the next Goldfish Swim School franchise in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
When Rebecca started at Goldfish Birmingham as a Teacher and Front Desk Representative in 2010, it was a part-time job as she finished out her college years. Making her time at Goldfish a "swim school internship" of sorts was admittedly the furthest thing from her mind. It just seemed like a natural progression for Rebecca, a swimmer herself, and previous a swim instructor and a nanny in her spare time.
Love to swim and looking for a career change? Check out our Jobs @ Goldfish page, and download an application. After all, it might be the first step towards a career at Goldfish!


Scottsdale, AZ is home to over 300 days of sunshine each year. A perfect location for those interested in a culinary arts or hospitality management career, Scottsdale, AZ is home to plenty of recreational activities, great restaurants and world-class resorts.
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Sweet Basil Gourmetware & Cooking School opened in 1993 in a small space that could accommodate 12 people for a cooking class. Five years later, Sweet Basil moved three doors north to a much larger space with room for 14 students hands-on classes; 26 students for demonstrations. Sweet Basil makes the fun of cooking and entertaining come alive. Shop in the store and discover an amazing variety of items for cooking, entertaining and gift giving.
With over 70 resorts and hotels located within the city, it's no surprise that the tourism industry is the driving force behind the economy of Scottsdale. Offering visitors a wealth of entertainment options, indoor activities, and outdoor excitement, Scottsdale's tourism industry accounts for close to 40% of the city's workforce – a great sign for those interested in a culinary or hospitality career.
Attracting millions of visitors each year, the city of Scottsdale is a great place to live for those interested in joining the culinary or hospitality industry. With over 70 resorts and hotels (and over 15,000 hotel rooms), Scottsdale is known for have more AAA Five-Diamond hotels than any other state in the United States. In addition, the city boasts a large variety of spas, high-end nightlife destinations, upscale restaurants, and other tourist amenities.
A premier destination for golfers from around the world, Scottsdale is the host of the historic FBR Open Golf Tournament. In addition, the city is the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants, and the home of the Scottsdale Scorpions, a minor league baseball team.
While no major league teams call Scottsdale home, the Phoenix Suns, Arizona Cardinals, Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Phoenix Coyotes all play in nearby Phoenix.
While the TPC/Fairmont Scottsdale Resort is the elite destination for many golfers, other popular courses include Grayhawk, Desert Highlands, and Desert Mountain. If golfing isn't your thing, other popular destinations in Scottsdale include the McDowell-Sonoran Preserve, the McDowell Mountains, and Camelback Mountain.
Home to the annual Ultimate Block Party – an annual New Year's Eve celebration, Scottsdale has recently been named by the New York Times as one of the "hippest and most happening" cities in the United Stats.
Home to a number of trendy hotels and hot nightclubs, downtown Scottsdale is home to such destinations as the Mondrian Hotel, the FireSky Resort and Spa, and the Hotel Valley Ho.
In addition, the bars and clubs are mostly within walking distance of one another, meaning crowds of some 40,000 can gather on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights.


text:
\section{Supplementary experimental results}
\twocolumngrid

\subsection{Line profile of a strongly coupled FeTPP-Cl}
Most of the FeTPP-Cl molecules investigated behave like the example shown in Fig. 3 of the main text. However, some species appear in a  different interaction regime.
In every case, we can identify the coupling regime by analyzing both the energy shift of the $\alpha$ and $B$ peaks with the tip position over the molecule and the particle-hole asymmetry (as shown in Fig. 5e).

In Supplementary Fig.~\ref{LS_alt}  we study a FeTPP-Cl molecule in the strong coupling regime and show that this specie appears with protruding pair excitation spectral features. A spectrum on the center of the molecule (Supplementary Fig.~\ref{LS_alt}a) appears with  sub-gap YSR $\alpha$ peaks lying close to zero energy (detected at $\Delta_t/e$ bias, because of the superconducting tip), indicating that it lies very close to the quantum phase transition (QTP) between the two YSR interaction regimes. Accordingly, the  molecule shows both \textit{A} and \textit{B} peaks outside the superconducting gap with similar intensity.

    \begin{figure}[!b]
     \begin{center}
	       			\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{SFig1.pdf}
	   \end{center}
			        \caption{a) Tunneling Spectrum of a $4$-fold FeTPP-Cl molecule measured at its center. The $\alpha$ peak is tuned to the quantum critical point of QPT whilst the $A$ and $B$ peaks outside of the gap are clearly distinguishable. b) For the same molecule, a line of $dI/dV$ spectra taken along the transversal direction. } \label{LS_alt}
		\end{figure}

As shown in  Supplementary Fig.~\ref{LS_alt}b, both the sub-gap YSR $\alpha$ peak and the pair excitation peak $B$
shift towards higher energies as the STM tip moves away from the molecule center. The stronger interaction regime  explains the strong pair excitation detected in the spectrum.

\subsection{Dependence of molecule-surface interaction on tip vertical position  }

The attractive effect induced by the STM tip over the molecule can be slightly controlled  via variations of tip proximity to the molecule. In Supplementary Fig.~\ref{LS_HDep}   we compare spectral profiles across the molecule in Fig.~3 of the manuscript with different junction resistances.  The increased interaction with the tip for the higher resistance case leads to larger variations of YSR peaks as the tip is moved across.
This dependence with the tip's vertical distance also proves that the observed variations of $J$ are not an intrinsic property of the molecule but are induced by the interaction of the molecule with the STM tip \cite{chatzopoulos_spatially_2021}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}

    	    \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{SFig2.pdf}
    	    \end{center}
 	    	\caption{a,b) Linescan of the molecule presented in Fig.~3 of the main text at two set-point current values (V= 3mV I = 15, 75 pA). c) The $\alpha$ peak energy shift (dotted traces on the maps), both in strong and weak coupling, is enhanced by raising the tunneling current. }	\label{LS_HDep}

\end{figure}

\subsection{Dependence of pair excitation amplitude on the exchange interaction $J$}

In Fig.~5 of the manuscript we have shown that the pair excitation is a property of the molecule in the strong coupling regime (the Kondo-screened regime). In Supplementary Fig.~\ref{SFig3} we plot the amplitudes of the pair excitation peak $B$, measured at the center of a set of 15 FeTPP-Cl molecules, as a function of the corresponding exchange interaction $J$. The molecules are those studied in Fig. 5a of the manuscript. The value of J is obtained in each of them by fitting the position of YSR peaks $\alpha$ with the theoretical model.

The intensity of the pair excitation $B$ is very small in the weak interaction regime (free-spin case). In this regime and at zero-temperature, this transition should be zero. The finite temperature of our experiment enables a small excitation probability due to the thermal population of the  $\alpha$ YSR state. The pair excitation amplitude increases significantly beyond the QPT, where now the ground state is odd in fermion parity and enables direct excitation of the pair state with a single tunneling electron.
We fit the behaviour with a Boltzmann distribution obtaining a temperature T = $(1.2 \pm 0.2)$ K, that is compatible with the experimental temperature.
\begin{figure}[h]
        \begin{center}
			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{SFig3.pdf}
        \end{center}

			\caption{Amplitude of the pair excitation as a function of the exchange interaction between molecule and surface $J$, for a set of 15 FeTPP-Cl molecules. The solid line is a Boltzmann fit }
		\label{SFig3}

\end{figure}
\vfill
\pagebreak
\subsection{Spectrum of a FeTPP-Cl in the normal state}

We quenched the superconducting state of tip and sample with a perpendicular magnetic field of 2.7 T to study the spectral shape of FeTPP-Cl  at low energy in the absence of superconductivity. The resulting spectrum (Supplementary Fig.~\ref{grid}) reflects the presence of Kondo-screening interactions and spin excitation, as we also find in the superconducting state. In particular, we observe a step excitation at ~1.3mV (dashed line in Supplementary Fig.~\ref{grid}) corresponding to the spin excitation $S_s=1/2$ to $S_z=3/2$ (D = 0.65 mV) and a weak Kondo resonance at 0 energy, signature of a ground state with $S_z=1/2$.

\begin{figure}[h]
        \begin{center}
			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{SFig4.pdf}
        \end{center}
			\caption{dI/dV spectra of a 4-fold FeTPP-Cl with an applied magnetic field of 2.7 T applied in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. The superconducting gap of surface and tip is suppressed. }

		\label{grid}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\onecolumngrid
\renewcommand{\thesection}{S\arabic{section}}
\section{Theoretical model}
\twocolumngrid

As mentioned in the main text, we describe the superconductor by using    a single-site model which is an extension of the one discussed in Ref.~\cite{von_oppen_yu-shiba-rusinov_2021}. Including the tip, the Hamiltonian reads:
\begin{equation}
    H_{\mathrm{model}} =H_s + H_t + H_{ts}, \label{eq:ham}
\end{equation}
where  $H_s$ and $H_t$ describe sample and tip, respectively, and $H_{ts}$ is the tunneling Hamiltonian;  $H_s$ is a single site superconductor coupled to a quantum impurity with  spin $S= 5/2$:
\begin{equation}\label{fmodel}
\begin{split}
    &H_s = H_0 + H_M + H_{J}  \\
    &H_0 = \Delta_s c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow} + \mathrm{h.c.} \\
    &H_M = DS_z^2 + E(S_x^2-S_y^2)\\
    &H_{J} =
    \sum_{\sigma\sigma^{\prime}} c^{\dag}_{\sigma}
    \left[ V \delta_{\sigma\sigma^{\prime}} + J_z S_z
    s^z_{\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}} \right. \\
&\left. \qquad\qquad +
J_{\perp} \left( S_{+}s^{-}_{\sigma\sigma^{\prime}} + S_{-} s^{+}_{\sigma\sigma^{\prime}} \right) \right] c_{\sigma^{\prime}}.
 \end{split}
 \end{equation}
 %
Here  $\Delta_s$ is the strength of the superconducting pairing  in the substrate,  $D$ and $E$ are the axial and transverse magnetic anisotropy of the molecule, and $J_z$ and $J_{\perp}$ are the axial and transverse magnetic exchange couplings,  and $V$ is the impurity  scattering potential. The effects of different terms on the spectrum of the system will be described in the following subsections.

We also treat the Hamiltonian describing the superconducting tip, $H_t$, as a single-site superconductor:
\begin{equation}
H_t = \Delta_t c^{\dagger}_{t\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{t\downarrow}+ \mathrm{h.c.}\; .
\end{equation}
Finally, the tunneling between the tip and sample is described by
\begin{equation}\label{Ht}
    H_{ts}=\sum_{\sigma}T_{\sigma\sigma'}c^{\dagger}_{t\sigma}c_{\sigma'}+ \mathrm{h.c.}\; .
\end{equation}
with $T_{\sigma\sigma'}=T_0+T_1\boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}_{\sigma\sigma'}$, where $T_0$ is normal tunneling and $T_1$ is the spin-flip tunneling. Throughout we assume no Josephson current or multiple Andreev reflections between the tip and the sample, as expected in the weak tunneling regime.

The Hamiltonian \eqref{eq:ham} is invariant  under time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and commutes with the  parity operator of combined the tip+sample system, $P_T=(-1)^{N_T}$, where $N_T = N_t + N_s$  is the total electron number operator. Notice that the tunneling Hamiltonian $H_{ts}$ does not commute with the sample (tip) parity operator $P_s=(-1)^{N_s}$ ($P_t = (-1)^{N_t}$). However, $P_s$ is still a good quantum number when considering the diagonalization of $H$ alone, as we shall do below. Thus,  the Hilbert space of the sample can be separated into two parity sectors: even parity with $P_s=1$ and odd parity with $P_s=-1$. In addition to TRS and parity, Eq.\eqref{eq:ham} exhibits other symmetries in certain  limiting cases. For example, in the limit where the transverse magnetic anisotropic $E$ vanishes, the Hamiltonian is invariant under the $Z_2$ symmetry that maps $S_{T,z}\to -S_{T,z}$
and interchanges $S_{T,x}\leftrightarrow S_{T,y}$, where $\boldsymbol{S}_{T} = \boldsymbol{S}+
\frac{1}{2} c^{\dag}_{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\sigma}_{\sigma\sigma^{\prime}}c_{
\sigma^{\prime}}$ is the total spin operator. This symmetry is generated
by the rotation $ \hat{U} =  e^{i\pi S_{T,y}}e^{i\pi S_{T,z}/2}$. In addition,  we  neglect  the scattering potential $V$ in Eq.~\eqref{fmodel}. This potential  breaks particle-hole symmetry (PHS) and would modify the spectral weights of the peaks as
mentioned in the main text.
However,  it does not modify the overall structure of the spectrum and only adds an additional fitting parameter to the model. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, it can be taken to be zero, which renders the model invariant under PHS.

\subsection{Single site Superconductor}
To gain some basic understanding of the single-site superconductor model and fix the notations,  let us start by ignoring the magnetic molecule entirely:
\begin{equation}\label{H0}
    H_s= H_0=\Delta_s c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}+\mathrm{h.c.}\; .
\end{equation}
The Hilbert space of the above Hamiltonian is a four dimensional linear space spanned by $\left\{\ket{2},\ket{0},\ket{\uparrow},\ket{\downarrow}\right\}$, where $\ket{\sigma =\uparrow,\downarrow} = c^{\dag}_{\sigma}|0\rangle$, $\ket{2}=\ket{\uparrow\downarrow}=c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\ket{0}$,  and $\ket{0}$ is the zero-particle or vacuum state.
In this basis, the Hamiltonian takes the following matrix form:
\begin{equation}
    H_0=\begin{pmatrix}0& \Delta_s& 0& 0\\
     \Delta_s &0& 0& 0\\
     0&0&0&0\\
     0&0&0&0\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
Upon diagonalization, the eigenstates are $\left\{|BCS\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{2}+\ket{0}), |\overline{BCS}\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{2}-\ket{0}),\ket{\uparrow},\ket{\downarrow}\right\}$ with (eigen-) energies $\{-\Delta_s,\Delta_s,0,0 \}$, respectively.  The eigenstates have well defined parity: $P_s|BCS\rangle  = |BCS\rangle$, $P_s|\overline{BCS}\rangle  = |\overline{BCS}\rangle$, i.e., they are even under parity, whilst
$P_s|\sigma\rangle = -|\sigma\rangle \, (\sigma=\uparrow,\downarrow)$, i.e. they are odd under parity.

Supplementary Fig. \ref{energy_diag} (a) shows the spectrum and the possible transitions between the different states of the sample in the single-site approximation. The even and odd parity states are connected by a single creation/annihilation operator of an electron (or  a Bogoliubov quasi-particle, see below). However, the two even-parity states are connected by two electrons/holes or two Bogoliubov operators, i.e. $\ket{\overline{BCS}}\propto\gamma^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\gamma^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}\ket{BCS}$ (see Sec.~\ref{sec:pheno}). Note that the tunneling of a single electron from the tip will always change the parity of the sample.

Let us consider now the tunneling between the tip and the sample at zero temperature, when  both,  the tip and the sample, are in their respective ground states:  $\ket{GS}=\frac{1}{2}(\ket{2}_t+\ket{0}_t)(\ket{2}_s+\ket{0}_s) = |BCS\rangle_t |BCS\rangle_s$. When e.g. a spin up electron tunnels from sample to tip (see Supplementary Fig. \ref{energy_diag} (a)), we have
     %
\begin{equation}\label{ts}
    c^{\dagger}_{t\uparrow}c_{\uparrow}\ket{GS}=\dfrac{1}{2}\ket{\uparrow}_t\ket{\downarrow}_s\; .
\end{equation}
This corresponds to a transition of energy $\Delta_s + \Delta_t$, whilst the  process in the opposite direction (from tip to sample) involves an energy $-(\Delta_t+\Delta_s)$.  This translates into two peaks at $\pm (\Delta_t + \Delta_s)$ in the tunneling spectrum, which mimic the coherence peaks observed in the tunneling between two s-wave superconductors.

\subsection{Spin-5/2 impurity with zero exchange coupling}

 Next, we consider how the excitation of the molecular  spin reflects on the tunneling spectra. Since $D$ is a large energy scale, we will first neglect the exchange coupling and set $J_{z} = J_{\perp}  =0$.  This limit is expected to capture some of the physics on the weak coupling side of the quantum phase transition (QPT, see below)~\cite{Kezilebieke2019,berggren_theory_2015}.  Now the Hamiltonian of the sample is $H_s = H_0 + H_M$, where the spin Hamiltonian $H_M$  accounts for the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy of the molecular spin:
\begin{equation}
    H_{M}=DS_z^2
\end{equation}
We assume easy-plane anisotropy ($D>0$) and, for the sake of simplicity, zero transverse magnetic anisotropy $E=0$. The effect of the latter will be discussed in the last subsection where the spectrum of full Hamiltonian is described.

 Since in this limit there is no exchange coupling, the Hilbert space of the sample is the tensor product
of the Hilbert space of the superconducting site and the molecular spin (see Supplementary Fig. \ref{energy_diag} (b)). We use the basis $\{(\ket{2},\ket{0},\ket{\uparrow},\ket{\downarrow})\ket{M}\}$, where $M$ is the eigenvalue of z-projection of the impurity spin, $S_z$. In the even parity sector  $S_{T,z} = S_z = M$, which is half-integer (recall that $S=5/2$) and therefore,
by TRS the eigenstates $\{\ket{BCS}\ket{M}$ ($\ket{\overline{BCS}}|M\rangle\}$) with the $S_{T,z} = \pm M$ are Kramers pairs and therefore degenerate in energy. In the odd parity sector, the $Z_2$ discussed above ensures the same for the eigenstates $\ket{\sigma}\ket{M}$.
 Since $D> 0$, the ground state is the doublet $S_{T,z}$ in the even parity sector, i.e. $\ket{GS}=\ket{BCS}\ket{\pm\frac{1}{2}}$. The eigenstates
 in the odd parity sector describe single (quasi-) particle
 excitations and, in this limit, have higher energy (see Supplementary Fig.~\ref{energy_diag}).

 Let us  consider the tunneling of a single electron between the tip and the sample in this limit. The tunneling Hamiltonian, Eq.~\eqref{Ht}, contains a spin independent and spin-dependent terms with amplitude $T_0$ and $T_1$, respectively.  Since the tunneling current is second order in the tunneling amplitude,  there are three different contributions. The term   of order $|T_0|^2$ yields a spectrum identical to the one described in the previous subsection. The term of order $T_0T_1^*$ and its complex conjugate vanish due to TRS (but they would not in an external magnetic field that breaks TRS). Finally, the term of order $|T_1|^2$  accounts for the spin-flip processes which we discuss in the following. One of the possible tunneling processes is:
\begin{align}\label{tts}
    c^{\dagger}_{t\downarrow}c_{s\uparrow} S_+ \ket{GS}&=c^{\dagger}_{t\downarrow}c_{s\uparrow}S_+ \left[\ket{BCS}_t \ket{BCS}_s \ket{\tfrac{1}{2}} \right]\notag\\
    &\propto \ket{\downarrow}_t\ket{\downarrow}_s\ket{\tfrac{3}{2}}\; .
\end{align}
This process involves an excitation of the molecular spin and costs an energy $\pm(\Delta_s + \Delta_t +2D)$, the minus sign corresponding to  tunneling in the opposite direction (i.e. from tip to sample). Transitions (Supplementary Fig. \ref{energy_diag} (b)) to higher spin states are enabled by spin pumping \cite{heinrich_protection_2013}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
        \begin{center}
			\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{SFig5.pdf}
        \end{center}
			\caption{(a) Spectrum of a single-site  superconductor with states labelled by fermion parity: even  (blue) and odd (orange) parity. When adding a spin $S = 5/2$  quantum impurity with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy $D$ but negligible exchange each eigenvalue split in three components. (b) Effect of a finite exchange coupling together with axial magnetic anisotropy on eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The parity changing QPT occurs for exchange grater than a critical value. To simplify the notation the coefficients of the linear combinations have been suppressed.  }
		\label{energy_diag}
	\end{figure}

\subsection{Spin-5/2 impurity with finite exchange coupling}

 Next, we account for the exchange coupling between the impurity and the substrate in the single site approximation and explain how the parity changing QPT takes place. The sample Hamiltonian is given in  Eq.~\eqref{fmodel}, where $H_J$ is the exchange term. We begin by investigating the isotropic limit where $J_z=J_{\perp}=J$ and $D=E=0$, i.e. $H_M =0$. The situation is not quite realistic  but makes the discussion of the QPT particularly clear.

  In the isotropic limit,  the total spin of superconductor plus impurity $\boldsymbol{S}_T$ is conserved. Therefore, the eigenstates are organized into multiplets of $0\otimes \frac{5}{2} = \frac{5}{2}$, for the even parity sector with $P_s=+1$, and $\frac{1}{2}\otimes \frac{5}{2} = 2\oplus 3$, for the odd parity sector with $P_s=-1$. In the latter sector, the lowest energy state belongs to the multiplet with the smallest total spin, i.e. $S_T = 2$. Note that, by introducing a new energy scale $J > 0$, the ground state  is no longer uniquely determined
by $\Delta_s$ (see Supplementary Fig. \ref{energy_diag} (c)). In particular, the parity eigenvalue $P_s$ of the ground state  can change from even to odd by tuning $J$, resulting in a QPT \cite{Balatsky,Farinacci2018}.  The transition takes place when the energies of the lowest energy states in the even and odd parity sectors cross as $J$ increases. For a $S  = 5/2$ quantum impurity in the isotropic exchange limit  the critical  value is $J_C=4\Delta/7$.

    Regarding the overall structure of the spectrum, in the  even parity sector, the spin of the single-site superconductor is zero and therefore the exchange
   coupling has no effect. The eigenstates take the form $\{\ket{BCS}\ket{M}, \ket{\overline{BCS}}\ket{M} \}$, i.e, there are two eigenstates per impurity spin $S_z=M$ projection. The states with the same superconductor component are Kramers pairs for $S_z = \pm M$  and therefore degenerate in energy.

  On the other hand, in the odd parity sector, the exchange coupling is effective and the total spin of the
  eigenstates is an integer,  as discussed above. In the multiplet with $S_T = 2$,  the eigenstate  $(\ket{\tfrac{1}{2}}\ket{\downarrow}-\ket{-\tfrac{1}{2}}\ket{\uparrow})/\sqrt{2}$  with zero $S_{T,z}$ eigenvalue  becomes the lowest energy state. Indeed, for $D > 0$  both multiplets of $\boldsymbol{S}_T$ split, resulting in the states with the smallest $S_{T,z}$ eigenvalue \emph{from both multiplets} having the smallest energy. The $Z_2$ symmetry implies that the eigenstates with the opposite $S_{T,z}$ eigenvalue are degenerate.

\subsection{Full Hamiltonian}

\begin{figure}[ht]
        \begin{center}
			\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{SFig6.pdf}
        \end{center}
			\caption{Full evolution of even and odd parity eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian as a function of the model parameters: the magnetic anisotropy $D$, the exchange coupling $J$, transverse anisotropy $E$ and  the ratio of the transverse and longitudinal exchange $p$ couplings. The solid lines are the states reachable by tunneling one electron, while the dotted are prohibited by spin selection rules.}
		\label{energy_diag2}
	\end{figure}

 We now discuss the combined effect of all terms  in the model of Eq.~\eqref{fmodel}.
 In Supplementary Fig. ~\ref{energy_diag2} we show
 the evolution of the spectrum  as the values of the different couplings are turned on up to values  compatible with the experimental ones.
The blue and orange lines correspond to the eigenstates with even and odd parity, respectively. The solid lines are the levels reachable by tunneling electron (at 0th order in $E$) resulting in the terms of order $|T_0|^2$ and $|T_1|^2$ in the tunneling current.

 Consistent with the existence of large axial magnetic anisotropy $D$ in the molecular spin, we have assumed  an anisotropic exchange coupling where $J_{z}\neq J_{\perp}$. We find an optimal value for the ratio $p = J_{\perp}/J_{z} = 3$.   This value is close to the one obtained by projecting a $S=5/2$ spin onto the $S=1/2$ pseudo-spin describing the lowest energy doublet for a quantum impurity with $D > 0$~\cite{Zitko2008}. However, generally. the anisotropic exchange may  result from several different   mechanisms~\cite{Zitko2008}.

\begin{table*}[t]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c||c|c|c}
     &Symmetries of the system& Nº of non-degenerate states.&
     Nº of non-degenerate states.\\
     & &Weak Coupling ($J>J_C$) &  Strong Coupling($J>J_C$)  \\
     \hline \hline
    $D=E=J=0$ &  TRS, $Z_2$, $\textrm{FSR}_{sub}$, $\textrm{FSR}_{mol}$  &2 &1 \\
    $D>0$, $E=J=0$ &  TRS, $Z_2$, $\textrm{FSR}_{sub}$ &6&3 \\
    $D,J>0$, $E=0$  &  TRS, $Z_2$&  6& 7\\
    $D,J,E>0$ &  TRS & 6 &12
\end{tabular}
\caption{Symmetries of the model in various limiting cases. The acronyms and symbols stand for TRS = time reversal symmetry, $\textrm{FSR}_{sub}$ = full spin rotation symmetry for substrate electrons, $\textrm{FSR}_{mol}$ = full spin rotation symmetry for molecular spin, $Z_2$= 180º rotation around the y-axis followed by a  90º rotation around the z-axis,  .}
\end{table*} \label{table}

Finally, we briefly discuss  the effect of the transverse magnetic anisotropy (E). In contrast to the anisotropic exchange, which does not break the $Z_2$ symmetry, the transverse anisotropy does. This has no effect on even parity states, where, due to the Kramers degeneracy, states with opposite total spin z-projection are degenerate. On the other hand, the breaking of $Z_2$-symmetry leads to splittings of the energy of odd parity states whose degeneracy is not protected by TRS. This effect accounts for the splitting seen in the $\gamma$ and $\beta$ peaks discussed in the main text.  As the value of $E$ used is rather small ($0.044$ meV), we  expect a small splitting. A first order perturbation theory calculation  for the degenerate states $\ket{\frac{1}{2},\uparrow}-\ket{\frac{3}{2},\downarrow}$ and $\ket{-\frac{1}{2},\downarrow}-\ket{-\frac{3}{2},\uparrow}$ yields a splitting of $\Delta E\sim 3\sqrt{2}E$. Thus,  we see that this small $E$ can account for a $\Delta E\sim 0.2$ meV separation between the two peaks.

The splitting of the remaining states is not substantial and can be ignored in a first approximation. Furthermore,  the admixture of the states  with different $S_{z,T}$ introduced by $E$ is very small and is not expected to introduce substantial changes to the discussion
provided above.

\section{Phenomenology of the pair excitation}\label{sec:pheno}

Starting from the even-parity BCS ground state (weak coupling) in the zero-bandwidth model:
\begin{equation}
    \ket{BCS} = (u+vc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow})\ket{\textrm{vac}}
\end{equation}
From \cite{tinkham2004introduction} creation and annihilation operators of quasiparticles excitations are:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
        \gamma^{\dagger}_{\uparrow} &= uc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}-vc_{\downarrow}\\
        \gamma^{\dagger}_{\downarrow} &= uc^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}+vc_{\uparrow}\\
        \gamma_{\uparrow} &= uc_{\uparrow}-vc^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}\\
        \gamma_{\downarrow} &= uc_{\downarrow}+vc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The odd-parity ground-state (strong coupling) is the BCS state with one excited quasiparticle:

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
    \ket{0} &= \gamma^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\ket{BCS}\\
    &=(u^2c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}+uvc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}-vuc_{\downarrow}-v^2c_{\downarrow}c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow})\ket{\textrm{vac}}\\
    &=(u^2+v^2)c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow})\ket{\textrm{vac}}\\
    &=c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\ket{\textrm{vac}}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Where we drop 2 terms and commuted one using fermionic commutation relations.
From this ground state, by single electron tunneling, the system can return to the $\ket{BCS}$ state by annihilating the excited quasiparticle (YSR excitation):
\begin{equation}
    \gamma_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\ket{\textrm{vac}} = (u+vc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow})\ket{\textrm{vac}} =\ket{BCS}
\end{equation}
or exciting another quasiparticle and reaching the excited pair state:
\begin{equation}
    \gamma^{\dagger}_{\downarrow}c^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}\ket{\textrm{vac}} = (v-uc^{\dagger}_{\uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{\downarrow})\ket{\textrm{vac}} =\ket{\overline{BCS}}
\end{equation}

 \vspace{5cm}

\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Job Board Success, Recruitment Industry Trends
• March 7
Expert Interview with Daniele Besana on Promoting Job Listings
Job Board Success Recruitment Industry Trends
Daniele Besana spent 14 years working as an IT engineer, specializing in network security, before making the switch to being a full-time web entrepreneur two years ago, focusing on job sites.
"I'm particularly interested in career websites," he says. "Especially because of their positive impact on people. I love when someone drops a 'thank you' e-mail after landing a new job!"
He recently took the reins at AidBoard, a career website focused on international development and aid jobs.
We recently caught up with Daniele to find out what he's learned from running a job board and to get his advice on building relationships with job recruiters and posting and promoting job listings.
What sets AidBoard apart from other job boards?
AidBoard is a niche job board, meaning we're fully focused on international development and aid jobs. We deliver our job seekers what they're looking for and our recruiters the high-quality candidates they need. That's it, really. We've kept things clean and simple.
SEE ALSO: Study the Best Niche Job Boards, and Become Even Better
How has your site been received by both job hunters and recruiters?
I took over AidBoard in 2012, but the project was launched in 2009. Back then, there were only a few alternatives in this field, and most of them were "hurting the eyes" so to speak. It took a while to attract recruiters, but once you have good jobs posted the candidates follow naturally. Word of mouth is still a very powerful marketing tool!
What are the biggest challenges you've faced running a job board?
Delivering value to everyone involved, both recruiters and job seekers. It's essential to keep things in balance.
How is running a job board for international aid jobs different from your standard corporate job board? What is appealing to you about it?
It's a very different audience, and I had to "learn the language." Our job seekers are passionate about human rights, poverty reduction and justice, for example. There's an idealism drive that set them apart from the corporate workers. I really like that but it was also challenging. I had to learn a lot about this world (I came from an IT corporation) to communicate in the best way.
What has been the most useful things you've learned through experience while managing AidBoard?
I can tell you an anecdote. Once we added advertising banners we had little control over. Soon after, a woman contacted us complaining that we were advertising an Asian dating website. The ad probably had more to do with her browser history than with AidBoard, but we learned the lesson: our visitors are sensible and everything on the website should respect their values.
What's your advice on finding and developing relationships with recruiters?
My advice is to hang out where the recruiters do: other career websites, Linkedin groups, Twitter hashtags, but also remember that everyone is just one e-mail away. Dropping an informal e-mail to get in touch with someone is still effective. And when you get a contact, nourish it. I always offer new recruiters free coupons to try AidBoard services and I'm always trying to understand how we can do better. Don't be afraid of bad comments: they're still an important feedback!
What are some best practices for posting job listings?
The performance of a job listing depends mainly in how it's written. It can have a lot of exposure but with a bad title and an unattractive description it will receive few applications. Best practices include writing a descriptive title and a compelling description.
SEE ALSO: Mediocre Job Postings Can Kill Even the Best Job Boards
What do you do to promote your site?
We use a lot the social networks: Twitter, Facebook groups and Linkedin pages. Now we're exploring the potential of Google+ Communities. We try to have every visitor sign up for our free weekly newsletter: that's a powerful vehicle to keep our job seekers informed not only about the new job opportunities but also about the new blog posts, related educational programs and website updates.


The 2015 La Sportiva Mountain Cup (LSMC) wrapped up this weekend in Park City, Utah, with the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase, which features more than 3,000 feet of climbing over 15 miles. Maria Dalzot and Ryan Woods took away wins in the 10-race, shorter-distance trail-race series taking place all over the U.S. while Sarah Kjorstad and Tayte Pollmann nabbed the wins at Jupiter Peak.
details from this year's Jupiter Peak Steeplechase.
Ps. To get all the latest trail and ultra news from iRunFar.com, subscribe via RSS or email.
With his fifth-place finish at this weekend's final La Sportiva Mountain Cup race, the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase, Ryan Woods sealed the deal on his third win of the series. He used early-season wins at the first three races of the series, the Hillbilly Half Marathon, the Hell's Hills 25k, and the Tuck Fest Half Marathon, to put him squarely in the series lead. He next took the win at the sixth series race, the Sutallee Trace Challenge. Basically all Ryan needed to do was to finish strongly at Jupiter Peak to retain his series win. Racing with a cold made that difficult, but his fifth place at the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase rounded out his series season and earned him the $5,000 payout.
Matt Kempton gave Ryan Woods a run for his money this season, finishing in second and just a couple-dozen seconds back at both Hillbilly and Hell's Hills. Matt's third race in the series was a solid win of the Don't Fence Me In Trail Run, and his fourth was a second place at the Vail Hill Climb. Coming into the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase, Matt was in second, but there was a chance for him to upset leader Ryan. He gave it his all and finished second, but not far enough ahead of Ryan to capture the win. His second place in the series nets him $3,500.
Bret Ferrier takes $2,000 for finishing the series in third place, which he earned through a third places at Hillybilly and Don't Fence Me In, a second place at Sutallee, a seventh place at the La Sportiva Table Rock 27k, and sixth place at Jupiter Peak.
Maria Dalzot was in control of the La Sportiva Mountain Cup basically from the get-go. Her series victory comes from a win at Hillbilly and Don't Fence Me In, third at the Rothrock Challenge, and a second at Table Rock. Her series efforts net her $5,000.
Sarah Kjorstad packaged up second place in the series by finishing fourth at Hillbilly, sixth at Don't Fence Me In, and winning Jupiter Peak.
We believe Meira Minard and YiOu Wang tie for third in the Cup. However, neither are eligible for series prizes because they didn't compete in the minimum of three races in the series.
Below you'll find interviews with La Sportiva Mountain Cup top finishers.
Maria Dalzot is the 2015 La Sportiva Mountain Cup champion. In this interview, Maria tells us about what she thought of the diversity of races in this year's series, how she stepped up her game from previous years in the LSMC, and how she trains for shorter-distance trail running.
iRunFar: To get the LSMC win, you ran the Hillybilly Half Marathon in Washington State, the Don't Fence Me In Trail Run in Montana, the Rothrock Challenge in Pennsylvania, and the La Sportiva Table Rock 27k in Cali. Phew! That's some geography. Can you talk about the diversity of course layout, terrain, geography you experienced?
Maria Dalzot: Phew is right! Is has been quite the year of traveling and racing. At the start of the year, my two goals for the spring/summer were to 1. Make the U.S. team and perform well at the World Mountain Running Association's Long Distance Championships, and 2. Win the La Sportiva Mountain Cup. It was a grueling schedule, but to come out the other side having achieved my goals while staying healthy feels very satisfying.
One of the biggest challenges with the Mountain Cup is figuring out logistically which races to run since they are spread out over the entire country and over six months. Adding a trip to Europe in the middle of it all was no easy task. Hillbilly Half Marathon is just a 2.5-hour drive down I-5 (to Olympia) for us so that made it very convenient start to the series in March. The course is typical Pacific Northwest, muddy and tree-covered trails.
I ran Don't Fence Me In last year and had a really great experience so we definitely wanted to return now that I had run the course and knew what to expect. I love the Northwest trails, but the trail system in Helena (maintained by the Prickly Pear Land Trust) is awesome; smooth, runnable trails with incredible views for miles.
That was May and by this time I knew I was headed to the WMRA's Long Distance Championships in Zermatt, Switzerland (July 4th) so we decided to fit in a quick trip to see family in West Virginia and jump into Rothrock (about three hours away in Pennsylvania). My main goal here was simply to garner some points with as little effort as possible since my focus was now on worlds. Rothrock is one of those races that you are warned about, but have to run it to see for yourself. They weren't kidding; Rothrock is the most technical trail race I have ever run. The terrain was just rocks, rocks, and more rocks. I'm happy I made it through that one with just a few falls and scratches.
After Rothrock I headed to Europe for the WMRA's Long Distance Championships. Ten days after returning to the States, I ran the La Sportiva Table Rock 27k. Table Rock always has great competition and Inside Trail Running does a fantastic job hosting. This year did not disappoint! This race was the most fun I had at the Mountain Cup this year. Even though I didn't win it was a blast trading the lead five times throughout the race with YiOu Wang and running 12 minutes faster than I had two years before.
iRunFar: I think this was your third year competing in the the Cup, and your best performance so far, I believe. What has changed? Training? Other races? What has made you so successful this year?
Dalzot: I placed fourth in the Cup in 2013 and 2014. I was battling injuries in 2013, and 2014 was a very competitive year. My racing success over the past 10 months is attributed to staying injury-free. I have been able to train consistently for two years now. Another big change this year was that Megan Kimmel decided to skip the Mountain Cup this year to focus on races in Europe so that left the door wide open.
iRunFar: You seem to specialize in shorter to medium-length trail races. Can you talk about the specific training that goes into that? Speed and hill workouts each week? What's your long-run distance? Maybe lay out a week of training a couple weeks out from a goal race?
Dalzot: Right now I've worked my way up to running between 70 and 80 miles a week with much of it on the trails and with two to three mountain-athlete strength sessions. My long run is 18 to 20 miles. I do a workout once a week that can consist of either a tempo, repeats, or some fartlek variation almost always on a crushed-gravel-type of surface. Though sometimes I'll do the workout on singletrack if the race I'm preparing for is more technical.
iRunFar: What's on deck for you in the future? The rest of this season? Next year? Beyond?
Dalzot: I will be running the Angel's Staircase 35k next weekend just because it is an easy trip and a great race hosted by James Varner of Rainshadow Running. It is also part of the US Skyrunner Series. After Angel's my focus is on training for the USATF Trail Half Marathon National Championships in Bellingham, Washington. That race was a dream come true last year as I won my first national championship in my adopted hometown. After that I'll close out the year with the USTAF Trail Marathon National Championships in Moab, Utah. To compete at the national-class level at the marathon, I still need to get faster at the shorter distances so I'll continue training with that as the goal while at the same time gaining some more experience at the marathon and maybe start thinking about a 50k debut.
Ryan Woods won the La Sportiva Mountain Cup for the third time. In the following interview, Ryan talks about his struggle with the last race in the series, the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase, how he went about winning this year's competitive LSMC, and whether or not he'll return next year.
Sarah Kjorstad took second place in the La Sportiva Mountain Cup through three strong performances in the series. In this interview, Sarah talks about her background in running, what she thought of the series, and how her race went at Jupiter Peak.
Matt Kempton took second in the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase, the last race in the La Sportiva Mountain Cup, which sealed the deal on his second place in the series. In this interview, Matt talks about the highs and lows of his Jupiter Peak race, his favorite race of the LSMC, and what else in running interests him.
iRunFar: You were second overall at Jupiter Peak. But you were first to the top, so you got King of the Mountain.
iRunFar: You said before the top rocked you, but you had a couple guys, one a minute behind you and one 45 seconds behind you, and you managed to hold them off to get King of the Mountain?
Kempton: I was doing everything I could. I was near puking to get up. I come from a track and road background, so that is not my element. I was at a complete stop for nearly a minute at the top drinking water. I was toast. But part of my goal and my strategy going into the race was I knew it was a long shot to take first in the overall series. If everything worked out perfectly for me, not necessarily for others, if I would have won and conceivably [LSMC leader] Ryan [Woods] finished fifth or worse and we had enough contenders, there was still a chance. Ryan is a great downhill runner as are a lot of guys in the series. Uphills tend to be my strength. My strategy was to get to the top first.
iRunFar: And put as much distance between you and Ryan as you could?
Kempton: That was exactly my plan.
iRunFar: Did you at any point on the descent see him or was he out of view the entire time?
Kempton: No. I was trying to keep an honest pace on the downhill. I looked back at one point and saw third place behind me and realized that I was going to have to, not that I wasn't working, but that I'd have to absolutely push it.
iRunFar: You had third place in the Cup knocking down your door, too, right?
Kempton: Yeah, and Bret [Ferrier] is a great runner. I didn't want it to come down a kick finish with either of those two. I didn't know if he was going to be the next one behind me or if Ryan was. Ryan and I have come down to a kick finish before, and he's got a little bit better mile PR than I do on the track. I don't want to kick against him again.
iRunFar: So it was a matter of crossing the finish and then counting runners. He rolled in fifth, and maintained his series lead. Last question for you: The Cup in general is a pretty cool series of races. Every race is a different style. The geography is different; the climbs and descents are different. What has been your top experiences running around the country this year?
Kempton: The most enjoyable race that I went to, albeit a very short trip and I didn't get to enjoy the area very much, was Helena, Montana. They do a great job.
iRunFar: The Don't Fence Me In Trail Run.
Kempton: The race director was very nice. I emailed her several times prior to the race. It's a beautiful race, and they maximize their trails. That is a hard, hard course in a beautiful area. I would never have any other reason to go up there quite honestly. It was eye opening to the beauty that is in that area.
iRunFar: Congrats. Second at Jupiter Peak. Second in the Cup. Going home with a little cash. King of the Hill, too.
After some early-race place changes, Matt Kempton took over the lead and kept it all the way to the top of 9,998-foot Jupiter Peak, where Skullcandy was giving away cash and swag to the King of the Hill, the first male arrival. After topping out maxed out, Matt stayed at the aid station recovering for about a minute, which allowed Tayte Pollmann, who was running in second, to pass and take the lead. Tate gunned the downhill hard and arrived the winner, unchallenged by anyone between Jupiter Peak and the finish. Matt recuperated enough atop the peak to maintain second place.
Third place Noah Brautigam took the ascent conservatively, arriving to the top in eighth place before moving up five positions from Jupiter Peak to the finish.
Eventual second place Marta Larsen looked like she really wanted the Skullcandy Queen of the Hill prime, and she arrived to the summit of Jupiter Peak working it, a minute in front of the rest of the field. Just after the summit, Sarah Kjorstad, who was running in second at the peak, took over the lead and put time on the rest of the field to finish with a solid win.
Marta Larsen held her own, gunning across the line for second.
Anna Rudolphi, who topped out on Jupiter Peak in fourth place, moved up between the peak and the finish to claim the final spot on the women's podium.
iRunFar: Meghan Hicks of iRunFar here, and I'm at the finish line of the Jupiter Peak Steeplechase. I'm with La Sportiva Mountain Cup winner, Ryan Woods. Hey, dude.
iRunFar: Top-five finish today to seal off your victory in the La Sportiva Mountain Cup.
iRunFar: You've run Jupiter Peak Steeplechase a couple of times.
Woods: This is my third time.
iRunFar: So you know the pain that's coming when you're standing at the starting line of this race.
Woods: Yeah, you kind of dread it. I was saying earlier, I'm getting over a cold and my breathing isn't that good. When you know you've got to climb about 3,000 feet in about seven-and-a-half miles, it's not something that you look forward to. I was just trying to get out there and survive.
iRunFar: You toe the line; you've got a cold; you're trying to escape doing something that messes up your point standings in the Cup and staying in the money in the Cup.
Woods: Yes, trying to finish.
iRunFar: Yeah, what goes through your mind at the starting line when you know you've got to climb 3,000 feet before anything else happens?
Woods: Well, at the starting line, I'm just super confident. I think, Ah, I'm fine. Cold. Here. You're going to be alright, but it's about a mile up when you're like, Oh, I can't breathe, and I'm congested, and people are passing me. Maybe I should just turn around and head back down the mountain. No, it was a battle up the mountain. I was saying earlier, at the scramble at the top where you climb basically on all fours in loose rocks, I got to the bottom of that in eighth place, and I think I caught about three people on it which was surprising because I've never been in the position in this race where I was around people in the scramble. It just seems so hectic. I didn't think people really made up ground. It was kind of nice to get some ground. When I got to the top, I could just be in position. I could still run the downhills without really needing my lungs. I really put way the three guys I passed there. I kept the guy in sight for awhile, but I was really more focused on the people behind me than I was the people in front of me. So I just kept moving and just kept a decent pace on the downhills. Last year when I did this race, I was like 5:15 pace on it. This year it was more like 5:45. That was enough. It's a blazing-fast downhill, but it's long. After eight miles of it, you do start to feel the toes and quad. Everything hurts at the end.
Woods: Mountain-bike trails—when you get the smooth curves, it's very runnable.
Woods: First, I worked my way way back. I think I had the lead in the first mile—Ah yeah, this is good—then everyone just kept going past me and they're having conversation. I'm blowing snot rockets. It was not… it was getting bad there in those three-to-six mile marks.
iRunFar: Then you passed a couple people on the last little steep bit, and you're a guy who's known for your downhilling ability. So you must have sort of let confidence take over and just let it roll and do what you needed to do.
Woods: That's exactly what I kept telling myself. I was saying, Just keep them in sight. You're not feeling good. This isn't going to be your day. Keep them in sight so you've got the opportunity still in the downhill. Everything in my body was just saying, Turn around. Head down the mountain. Call it a day, but the ability to run the downhill gave me confidence. Even though I wasn't as fast as I had been in the past, I knew I'd be okay if I could just get with those guys or stay in touch with them.
Woods: Survivable day today. If I had to race, it wouldn't have gone well. It would have gone about like the mountain championships did last weekend.
iRunFar: Talk about that for a minute. You're coming off three mountain races in a row—the North American championships two weeks ago, the mountain-running championships last weekend, and now here. Similar style of races, but every race had its unique characteristics. After three weekends of mountain races, what are your thoughts?
iRunFar: Are you ready for a break?
Woods: I do a lot of racing back and forth. I don't really train for peaks anymore. I'm 36, and I've kind of got this baseline that I can keep through the year. A lot of time I like to race my way into shape. The first race in Vancouver, I thought it went pretty good. It was two loops. The first loop was smaller—good climbing, good descent, fast runnable sections. I stuck with the leaders on that. Then you had a mile with 1,000 feet of climbing. I lost the leaders there. Then you had this technical section at the top where one guy caught me. Then you had a screaming downhill at the end. I nearly caught some folks on that, but the technical sections, when it's new technical trail you've never been on, it's difficult. I feel pretty competent on some of the technical stuff, but then again, sometimes I don't. If you got some experience, it helps a lot. Again, the downhill was good for me there. Then the mountain championships, I was a little feverish. I was just trying to survive out there. I don't know why I didn't drop out of that one either. I held on and finished. You feel good finishing even if it's not a good performance. That's something I try and do, but I've got a lot of DNFs over the years now… too many.
iRunFar: You're now a three-time winner of the La Sportiva Mountain Cup. What keeps you coming back to this race series?
Woods: Great travel. It's always seemed to work out when there's been two drives I can do, and then you've got three flights. In years past, we've made vacations out of those flights. Last year we spent about five days out here in Park City. This year we're going to leave quickly because we spent vacation last week and then in Vancouver. What was earlier in the year? Didn't make a trip this year actually on the Mountain Cup, but usually we make a vacation of it. There weren't a whole lot of new spots on it. Moab has been on the Series before. New Mexico… a lot of really cool areas. Tahoe was on it years ago. A lot of cool areas to visit—that's kind of what keeps me going and keeps me coming back.
iRunFar: Do you think you'll give it a shot again in the future or try something different?
iRunFar: You're kind of a La Sportiva mainstay at this point.
Woods: I am. I have been doing different stuff. I've gotten into obstacle racing—Spartans and Battle Frogs. I'm trying to work out the upper body more now. It's cool because as I'm slowing down, I don't do road 5k's anymore. I've lost a lot of speed, so I don't have as much fun with it anymore. Trails, I'm slowing down a little bit, but in the obstacle stuff I'm still the fast guy. You're training new stuff. I like to diversify.
iRunFar: You're keeping your mind fresh, too.
Woods: Yes. New stuff that you've got a good energy in… I'll do more of the mountain stuff but the obstacle races, I think, will be in the next couple of years until my body breaks down which might be sooner rather than later. We'll see.
iRunFar: Awesome. Let's not jinx ourselves, shall we?
iRunFar: Congratulations on your win of the 2015 La Sportiva Mountain Cup.
iRunFar: Meghan Hicks of iRunFar, and I'm here at the finish line of Utah's Jupiter Peak Steeplechase. This is race 10 in the La Sportiva Mountain Cup. I'm here with Sarah Kjorstad who just won the race and who finished second in the Cup. Congratulations.
Kjorstad: Good, really good. I'm just happy to be done.
iRunFar: This is a tough race. It's a 15-ish mile race that has 3,300 feet of climb that comes all at once. This is an all uphill and then all downhill race. Talk about how it feels. Talk about how it went out there for you today.
Kjorstad: This race actually suits me because I'm not a super-strong climber, but I can muscle my way through it and at least keep the competition in my sights. I just kind of bide my time and get to the top. Then once I'm at the top, then it's all… that's when my race starts, when the downhill comes. That, to me, is easy and I take it fast and hard and I can at least catch, gain a lot of ground, and then put a little space or distance between me and the next girl. So that happened out there.
iRunFar: I was up on Jupiter Peak and saw you up there. You were in second place with another gal just behind you and you were just chatting away, not even breathing hard.
iRunFar: Did you feel pretty good coming up that last little scramble there?
Kjorstad: Yeah, I like that little scramble there. It's actually kind of a break. It's a little bit of a… it's almost like recover from that solid, non-stop up. It's something different. That scramble or that hike is nice. It's just kind of a recovery before the big downhill. So, yeah, it was fun. There was another one of the women, we were talking about how the girl wanted the climb Queen of the Mountain more than we did, so we were just chatting. It was fun.
iRunFar: So Marta Larsen was about a minute ahead of you topping out. She got Queen of the Hill. She got the Skullcandy prize for that. When did you pass her, and how did that go?
Kjorstad: Right after the top.
iRunFar: Was it before the next little blip?
Kjorstad: Yeah, I just knew… like I said, the downhill is my thing. I knew as soon as… I could have probably caught her, but I just wanted her to get that. I really wanted her to get the prize, so I let her go. When I got to the top, I knew I was going to take her from there. That's when I started racing, that peak and then it was all hard from there.
iRunFar: Let's talk about the Mountain Cup for a minute. You just came in second. What races did you do this year and how were they… what's really cool about the Mountain Cup is the geographic and terrain diversity represented by the races. They're all over the country and they're all different styles.
Kjorstad: The Mountain Cup is great. It works well for me because I'm sort of centrally located in the States. It's perfect for my location. I was just thinking that my family lives in the West Coast, and there are a couple races out there that I can justify driving over for. This year I did the Hillbilly Half which was the first, and my brother lives in Portland (Oregon), so I went and visited him and did that race. That was the first one. The second one I did was the Helena (Montana) Don't Fence Me In. We actually lived in Helena for a couple of years, so it's home to me.
iRunFar: Feels like home a little bit?
Kjorstad: The trail system there is amazing, and the weather is always great, and the support is wonderful. I love that race, and did that one. Then I was thinking about the Vail Hill Climb, but this year it looked like there weren't as many people in the mix as far as the Cup went, so I could maybe not do as many races and just do three and still eke by into the money. So, I risked it and took the gamble and just waited until the last one to come finish it out.
iRunFar: You had a great day here.
Kjorstad: I did have a great day here. It was fun. I feel like I earned my place into that, into the money. It was good.
iRunFar: You ran this race before. Is there… you're kind of a local. You live in Jackson, Wyoming. Is there something that draws you back to the Jupiter Peak race? Is it that it suits your interest? Is it the terrain here?
Kjorstad: Yeah, it is a great time of the year. It's beautiful. I'm a summer kind of girl, so I love the weather. The course does suit me. I love that solid downhill and the climb is… living in Jackson, I feel I have an advantage with the elevation, too. It's kind of at similar elevations. I run a lot of similar trails in Jackson, so I have that advantage.
iRunFar: Everything is big climbs and big descents?
Kjorstad: Big climbs at higher elevations—it just feels like it's a good race that suits me. Great support. On the trail today, there were mountain bikers and hikers and every single one of them was counting what female runner I was. Even just random hikers with their dogs, "You're number 33 and first woman!" Every hiker I passed—it's such a great community and a great support for their local athletes and local sports.
iRunFar: Last couple of questions for you. This is our first time interviewing you. I'd love to know a little bit of background on you. You're a mom. You're a physical therapist when you're not being a mom.
iRunFar: Rub off on him a little bit?
Kjorstad: Yeah. He keeps me busy when I'm not training.
iRunFar: What kind of racing are you into? The La Sportiva Mountain Cup is just short, grinding, really tough races with a lot of vertical. Are you into that style of racing or do you do other styles of races, too?
Kjorstad: I'm kind of afraid of trying to do… I'm thinking about moving into the 50k longer stuff. I'm just so used to going hard and running hard, hurting suffer fests. I've heard… I feel like the longer things would be harder, but I've heard they're nice because they're not as fast. I'm thinking maybe… I don't know. That distance doesn't at all sound appealing to me, but maybe it would be a nice change of pace from these "shorter" 18 miles. It seems… but you still have to run them pretty intensely. Yeah, I might try to move up to the 50k this year or maybe 50 miles. We'll see.
Kjorstad: I'm signed up for The Rut 50k. I'm still a little nervous about it. For my first one it's like an intense course.
iRunFar: It is a "go big"-type course for your first 50k.
Kjorstad: Go out with a bang, or go in with a bang.
iRunFar: You're a mountain girl and used to trails in the Rocky Mountain region. Congratulations again.
iRunFar: Enjoy your victory lap around Park City. Congrats on your second place in La Sportiva Mountain Cup this year, too.
Did you run any of the 2015 LSMC races or participate in the Cup itself?
If so, which races? What did you think of them?
Is that a #BigDipper #IceCream shirt that I see in the videos?
That is Big Dipper's Coneboy that you see!


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Wednesday, 20th November
Brits Still Have Stereotypical Views Of Accents
There have long been stereotypes associated with people from different regions of the UK and because we have so many very distinct accents in this country, often the accents get attached to those stereotypes too.
50 years ago, Howard Giles carried out a survey of 38 British accents to find out what people thought of them. In his study, he discovered that there are certain accents that attract high prestige. These include received pronunciation, the Queen's English, Edinburgh English and French-accented English.
Interestingly, people also associated their own accent with high prestige, which goes to show how important it is to consider these kinds of perceptions when you're organising any kind of advertising or media work.
At the other end of the scale, accents with consistently low scores included those from Birmingham, Liverpool and Essex, as well as Cockney. Ethinic minority accents, such as English spoken with an Indian accent, also received low scores.
So, that was 50 years ago, have our attitudes changed at all? An article for Yahoo! recently revealed that we're very stuck in our ways when it comes to our perceptions of accents.
Devyani Sharma, professor of sociolinguistics at Queen Mary University of London, wrote a piece explaining her own research into this area.
Professor Sharma and her team set out to discover whether people judge others on their abilities and intelligence based on their accents rather than what they say. As well as surveying members of the public, they also looked specifically at how recruiters view different accents.
They found that the same accents attract high prestige as those identified by Howard Giles. Similarly, those at the bottom of the list were also the same.
However, when the team played people clips of professionals interviewing for a job, the bias between accents narrowed, with Professor Sharma explaining that this indicates people were "more careful about letting accent biases affect whether they thought the person was a good fit for the job".
When Professor Sharma and her team conducted a similar exercise with a group of lawyers, they found that the bias was reduced even further, with the lawyers focusing very much on what someone said rather than how they said it.
Although this indicates that, professionally at least, people are able to put accents aside, it still shows the importance of accents in terms of how we perceive people, and subsequently what they say.
There are growing calls for more regional accents to make it onto our TV screens and radios, with BBC political correspondent Chris Mason recently stating that the broadcaster should make an effort to introduce more regional accents across its programmes.
The Daily Mail reported on his comments, where he said: "We're broadcasting to a country with this incredibly rich diversity of voices and accents, and we hardly hear any of them broadcasting on the national airwaves."
Mr Mason, who has a Yorkshire accent, also said that he believes his accent helped him land his job as the host of Any Questions? because there's now greater awareness of the need for the broadcaster to "sound like the audience it's broadcasting to".
If you're looking for people with a specific accent, get in touch with our voice over agency to find the talent you need.
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As a Christian community, prayer and worship are a part of normal life. You would be very welcome to join us on any evening Monday to Friday at 10pm for 15-20 minutes. We usually sing a couple of songs, read from the Bible and pray. If you would like us to pray for anything please let us know - pop a note through the door or e-mail us for example.


Radio Shak: Where'd My Saturday Go?
Anyone know? I hate it when that happens.
It all started with us going to the dentist. In Queen's Park. An hour away on the tube. Only in the Shaikh family, folks.
Then I shopped. Or at least I was supposed to; I bumped into some friend and managed to waste away a couple of hours with them before returning to my planned itinerary.
The shopping itself was fruitless, myself not buying anything after four hours, and then for some reason choosing to walk up and down Leytonstone High Road four times.
Still, at least I managed to get home for an hour or so before having to go out again for dinner. Which was pretty nice - it was another with the Arabic Language lot, this being the farewell for one of our ex-teachers.
Hmm. I guess I've answered my own question.


WHY DO THE 2 IDIOTS RECOMMEND BARCELONA?
Spain is our favorite country, and Barcelona is one of our favorite cities. It is one of the most underrated countries in Europe, and we love Barcelona even more than Paris. (Yes! We said it!) You'll find the entire city, and country, for that matter, is very child-friendly – they will not shush your children for making noise in a restaurant! Instead, Barcelona is very laid back, vibrant and fun, and the people are very warm and welcoming. Here's what to see when traveling to Barcelona with kids.
Although it is a popular area, we do not recommend staying in Las Ramblas with kids. It is quite crowded, even into the night. Instead, we stayed by Plaza Espana, which is closer to the center of town, making it easier to get around. Traveling to Barcelona on a recent trip with our extended family, we also found an AirBnB with four bedrooms and room for all of us.
Some visit Barcelona as their jumping off point for a Mediterranean cruise, only staying for a day. While you see a lot in one day, we love this city and all of its artistic, historic and kid-friendly attractions and recommend traveling Barcelona for at least 3 days. If you can add on a day trip outside the city, by all means do. Spain is a wonderful country for families. Here is some information that can help you get started!
*Cost is our best estimated cost per person.
Barcelona's famed artist Antoni Gaudi left quite a mark on the city, and the best way to start a visit to Barcelona is to visit all of the places he touched. Gaudi was an incredible architect in the 1800s and to see his work in person is awe-inspiring. Start your day at Park Guell, which was built in 1900 and is located on Carmel Hill. The park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is made up of amazing gardens and we were fascinated by Guell's architectural sculptures and elements, as well as the views of the city. Our son loved the park because, simply, it's a park! He could play and explore, and although he didn't recognize the significance of it, we have beautiful pictures of him with Gaudi's work as a backdrop. It is a very popular stop for tourists and can become quite crowded, so visit in the morning to truly enjoy the park. Plan on spending a couple of hours here.
If you are in the mood to walk, stroll by Casa Batilo, one of Gaudi's masterpieces. You don't even need to go inside to discover his unusual style in the building's façade — it's one of the most unique designs we have ever seen. We didn't go in, but if you do want to visit, plan for an hour to see the house come to life — just make sure you save enough time for your next stop.
After lunch, make your way to the awe-inspiring Sagrada Familia, which we would rank the No. 1 church in the world. Gaudi began construction on this Roman Catholic church in 1882 and never saw the competition of what most consider his greatest work of art. Still under construction to this day, the church is a unique display of shapes, color, and décor. Basic tickets get you a peek at the church, but if you want the best views, opt for the top tickets, where you'll get panoramic views of the city. However, this can be super hard with kids because there is no elevator. Plan to be here for atleast a couple of hours, although AJ could spend all day here taking in every detail.
Before dinner, head to Arenas de Barcelona, once home to the city's bullfighting. The last bullfight was held in 1977, although the city did not ban bullfighting until 2012. In 1999, the empty arena was converted into a modern shopping and entertainment center, and its roof makes a nice place to take in 360-degree views of the city and amazing sunsets. Ride the elevator to the top 15- to 30-minutes before sunset — which is one of the most beautiful. Spain's warmth extends to its sunsets and a golden glow covers the entire cit. But, you need exact change to ride the elevator to the top, so have change with you.
In Spain, dinner doesn't start until 8 p.m., but you'll find the restaurants are lively during the hours of 5 and 7 p.m., when people gather for tapas, small bites. This is a good time to stop and get some food, but if you can hold out for a later dinner, the city feels as if it's just come to life the closer you get to midnight. Have dinner at Arenas de Barcelona or one of several restaurants around it, and finish by 9 or 10 p.m. to make it to the first of second show of the magical fountains (below).
On your second day, after you have exhausted the must-see sights, explore the City Center. We found just walking around the city to be quite exciting: there is much to see and take in, and we felt a closer connection to the city by exploring more neighborhoods and interacting with locals, who are so friendly to kids.
Start your day at Barcelona's large Plaza de Cataluna, considered the city center. Located where the city's old medieval and new city meet, you'll find fountains, statues and plenty of room to let your child play. There are many cafes along the plaza, where you can grab breakfast.
From the plaza, walk and explore Las Ramblas, a pedestrian street stretching more than a mile. Lined with trees, the street is a boundary between Barri Gotic and El Raval. You'll find lots of shops along the street, and can catch live street performances, including dance, magic and singing. We visited the famous La Boqueria Market and Chok, an amazing chocolate confectionary, but if you're hungry, skip eating in this area, as it's very commercial and you can get better food in the next area, Barri Gotic.
Before going to the Gothic Quarter, walk to the Columbus monument, a tribute to the famous explorer who left Barcelona in search of the New World. The Columnbus monument is found at the end of Las Ramblas.
After walking along Las Ramblas, explore Barri Gothic, or the Gothic Quarter. The medieval streets wind along cobblestoned road with architecture dating back to the Romans, and also very kid-friendly. Our son played with a guy blowing bubbles in the street, and was fascinated by a band playing live music. While here, you'll definitely want to visit the gothic Cathedral of Barcelona. Not that it's a competition between Gaudi's church, but this structure took two centuries to build!
Spend the rest of day "getting lost" in the Gothic Quarter. Just walk around and enjoy the neighborhoods and get to know the city.
Riding the cable car to the top of Montjuic Park.
After yesterday's busy day, begin your last day in the city catching a ride to the top of Montjuic Park on its cable car. At the top, you'll have views of the sea and can explore the ruins of Barcelona's castle, as well as the 1992 Olympic Stadium. Montjuic Castle is actually an old fortress dating back to the 1600s. You'll find more 360-degree views from the castle, along with special art exhibits.
Kids will enjoy Barcelona's beaches.
After a full morning exploring Montjuic, take the afternoon and enjoy one of Barcelona's beaches. We especially love Bogatell beach, which was created for the 1992 Olympics and is close to the gothic quarter. They have lifeguards and dressing rooms, which will help when you are with kids. While here, find a nearby restaurant right on the beach and be sure to sample the fresh, local seafood often served near the beach and its marina.
If you have an extra day, use it to visit nearby areas outside of Barcelona, such as Monserrat, Tarragona or Sitges. We rented a car to explore outside of the city, finding it easy to get around Spain. However, the train is also easy to use and brings you directly to these destinations.
Monserrat is the mountain range less than an hour from Barcelona, and easily accessible via train. You can hike and relax here, but there is also a monastery and quaint village you can explore, accessible via another cable car to the top of a mountain.
Tarragona, along the Sea, is also a fantastic day-trip because it is an ancient port of Rome. The medieval Old Town is filled with fascinating sites, including the Necropolis with Roman tombs, the 2nd-Century Amfiteatre, and a Roman Forum. You can walk along the ramparts as we did, our son comfortable in his stroller, and take in the amazing views.
Sitges is another coastal town near the city, and located near mountains and the Parc Natural del Garraf. The town is small enough to explore in few hours, and you can spend time enjoying the beautiful beaches of Catalonia.
Ensure you adjust kids schedule for Spanish times, which means sleeping late and waking up later. Dinnertime starts after 8 p.m., and the city stays lively through midnight. Adjusting your schedule will mean you can enjoy Barcelona the way its residents do.
It's easier to take a taxi to get to places with children vs. using the subway. You can do it but it likely will involve a lot of carrying strollers up and down stairs — elevators were hard to find in the Barcelona subway system.
The aquarium in Barcelona is fantastic. Located near the beaches, the aquarium has more than 11,000 species of fish and animals — perfect for a rainy day when you have to be stuck indoors, or if you have extra days in the city.
Be prepared to walk a lot… and make sure you have a good stroller!
Neighborhood parks are on every corner — make the most of them. We used to try to have lunch or dinners in restaurants by a playground so we could drink and eat while the kids could play within our watch and reach.
Be sure to sample the tapas and sangria!
Be sure to try Sangria and tapas. Sangria is a punch made with wine and fresh fruit that originated in Spain, available in both red and white wine. We loved both! Our favorite tapas were albondigas (Spanish meatballs), patatas bravas (spicy potatoes), Gambas al ajillo (Spanish garlic shrimp) and Gazpacho (Spanish cold soup).
Get tickets for Sagrada Familia and Casa Battlo in advance. Lines can be extremely long and you can save yourself over an hour waiting if you purchase in advance. Some hotels sell tickets, so be sure to ask your hotel.
Spain is renowned for its afternoon naps, called siestas, which takes place during the peak of afternoon heat. Take advantage of siesta time and have long lunches or early dinners.
Be careful of pickpockets especially around Las Ramblas. This is a super-crowded area filled with souvenir shops and restaurants. Visit the area quickly to see it, but otherwise, enjoy the dining and shopping in less tourist-filled neighborhoods.
This entry was posted in Destinations, Europe, Spain and tagged Barcelona, Barcelona Itinerary, Barcelona Travel Advice, Barcelona Travel Tips, Itinerary, Spain, Spain Travel Advice, Spain Travel Tips, Spain with kids, Travel Advice for Parents with Kids, Travel Itinerary, Traveling with a Toddler, Traveling with Children, Traveling with Children Internationally, Traveling with Kids.


Event: Christmas Luau at Treaty Oak Ranch!
Details: There is no better place than The Ranch to eat, drink and be merry this time of year. Get yourself out here for Treaty Oak's annual holiday Luau party benefiting Helping Hands of Dripping Springs, collection boxes for nonperishable food items will be onsite.
Grab your friends to snuggle up at the bonfire and enjoy all the drinks your merry little heart can handle!


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Published: January 8, 2021, 9:08 am
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Rare, spectacular triple conjunction to grace the skies this weekend
Night sky. (Tomas Anunziata from Pexels.)
In case you missed the great conjunction last month, when the two biggest planets in our solar system -- Jupiter and Saturn -- appeared to come within 1/10 of a degree from each other, there's another spectacular sight to catch this weekend: The triple conjunction.
Despite the fact that Jupiter and Saturn have now drifted apart to about 1 degree from one another, they still remain quite close from the human eye's perspective.
And now, Mercury is moving in on the event. It will come into the same 2 degrees of sky with the two other planets this weekend, Forbes reports.
Saturday and Sunday, the three planets -- Jupiter at its brightest and Saturn at its dimmest -- will form a small triangle in the sky just after sunset (from wherever you are in North America).
Be sure to have a seat facing toward the west-southwest horizon, because it will be a sight you won't want to miss -- and a rare one at that.
Jupiter (L) and Saturn appear about one-tenth of a degree apart during an astronomical event known as a Great Conjunction on Dec. 21, 2020. The planets, which remain about 450 million miles apart in space, have not appeared this close together from Earth's vantage point since 1623, and it's been nearly 800 years since the alignment occurred at night. The conjunction, which occurred on the night of the Winter Solstice, by coincidence, has become known popularly as the "Christmas Star." The gas giants will not appear this close together again until 2080. (2020 Getty Images)
Though not quite as spectacular as the other nights, the triple conjuncture will also be visible Friday and Monday.
As preparation for the event, you should plan to be in a position that allows you to see down low; think of a third-story of a building or higher, where you can be sure to see the horizon. And there should be nothing obstructing your view. Binoculars are also helpful.
Take in the views, because they won't even last two hours after the sun goes down, according to Forbes.
And because of where the planets exist in relation to Earth and the sun, Jupiter and Saturn will slowly move toward the sun and begin to drop behind its glare on Jan. 23.
But because our solar system is such an amazing thing, by Feb. 13, the planets will emerge from behind the sun to form yet another triple conjunction, but at that time, just before sunrise. Pretty cool, isn't it?
Will you be pulling out the binoculars this weekend?
Happy viewing!
Graham Media Group 2021
Dawn Jorgenson
Dawn is a Digital Content Editor who has been with Graham Media Group since April 2013. She graduated from Texas State University with a degree in electronic media.
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Family asks feds to investigate son's Taser-related death in Coweta
Frustrated with the pace of the local investigation into their son's death, the parents of a Destin man killed after he was Tased repeatedly last November by Coweta County deputies have petitioned the U.S. Department of Justice to launch its own inquiry.
"We've lost faith in the the district attorney taking this case to a grand jury," said Chris Stewart, who represents the parents of Chase Sherman, 32 when he died. Kevin and Mary Ann Sherman watched from the median of I-85 as deputies deployed 15 Taser strikes that, according to GBI Chief Medical Examiner Jonathan Eisenstat, caused their son's heart rate and blood pressure to rise substantially. His oxygen intake was also inhibited because he was subdued, with the assistance of an EMT, lying face down.
Stewart, noting that the confrontation with Sherman was captured on the deputies' body cameras, said Coweta District Attorney Pete Skandalakis has had nearly 10 months — more than enough time, he said — to complete his investigation.
Skandalakis did not respond to multiple calls seeking comment Wednesday.
"It's either minorities or the mentally ill who are the victims of police brutality," Stewart said Wednesday. In an unusual twist, Stewart, who is African-American, said the fact Sherman was white and affluent may work against him.
"He doesn't have anyone like Black Lives Matter raising hell on his behalf," he said. "There's no advocacy group applying pressure to the powers that be."
Sherman had no history of mental illness. The family had just returned from his brother's wedding in the Dominican Republic where, according to Mary Ann Sherman, her eldest son had exhibited an uncharacteristic paranoia. He eventually confided to his parents that he had taken Spice a few days before they left Florida.
A toxicology report showed no drugs in Chase's body. Though he confessed to his parents that he had used the designer drug a few years before, they insist he was no addict. A licensed boat captain, Sherman was subject to random drug tests.
Stewart said Coweta investigators "were more interested in Chase's history and what may have happened at the wedding" than in the alleged misconduct by deputies Samuel Smith and Joshua Sepanski.
After an initial struggle in which Sepanski said Sherman grabbed his Taser, the deputies — assisted by EMT Daniel Elliot — were able to subdue him. But body camera footage shows the deputies, who remain on the job, shocking Sherman even after he declared "I'm dead!" and "I quit!"
Coweta Sheriff Mike Yeager defended the aggressive response by his deputies, saying they were reacting to Mary Ann Sherman's 911 call in which she told the operator her son "(is) going to kill us all if we don't get help."
Chase's behavior grew increasingly paranoid after the family arrived at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, say his parents. They decided to rent a car to drive back to Destin instead of catching their connecting flight.
But Chase's irrationality only escalated. He tried to jump out of the vehicle and at one point bit his fiancee, Patti Galloway, who had traveled with the family.
"He's not the victim. He's the perpetrator," Yeager told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution in May.
A spokesman for John Horn, U.S. Attorney in the Northern District of Georgia, declined to comment on the case.


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Pi R Squared Consulting is a Digital Marketing and Brand Consulting agency. Any Business can improve their bottomline by using our digital marketing strategy because we show you how to turn your products into revenue. We challenge you to move out of your circle by adopting digital marketing. We help you leverage your business resource to gain more success. Our innovative approach creates a continuous improvement of online experience for your existing customers and potential customers.
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Content Marketing is the marketing strategy that uses helpful, engaging content that is interesting to the target audience in order to increase brand awareness and perception. We help you to achieve your goal by engaging with prospective customers by creating blog articles, images and infographics.
Branding is a process, not a project. We help partner with you to convey who you are, what you do, and why it matters to your audience. Whether you're a small business owner, a non-profit, or represent a larger company, we help you to create great rapport with your audience.
Social Media Marketing is the art of tapping into the conversations that happen on social network for marketing purposes. We help invest heavily on multiple platforms so they could reach right set of customers. Different platform cater wants of different and unique customers.
The user interface is the window through which the world experiences your brand and your product. We can help you build the layout, the graphics, and the messaging that together build an experience that leads to conversion.
We found Pi R Squared Consulting to be very professional and efficient.They were responsive to requests for changes, and always ready with tips and suggestions for improvement. Thanks for the great job.
Pi R Squared Consulting designed a website which captured and reflected our work . They have continued their relationship with us by providing digital marketing service with very impressive response time and excellent advice and support.
Pi R Squared helped us design an amazing corporate logo and created a new brand identity. The advice and expertise that I experienced from the design stage till completion was supportive and competent.


Date: Wednesday 20th March, 2019.
All newly and duly admitted students are advised to ensure that they complete all registration formalities including payment of appropriate charges.
Furthermore, freshers are expected to pay N4,000 for their matriculation gown to their faculty officer. All freshers should be seated by 8:00 am before the arrival of the procession of Vice Chancellor.
UNICAL Matriculation Ceremony – Procedure for Hiring of Academic Gowns.
1. Each academic gown shall be hired at the rate of N4,000.00 payable to the respective faculty officers (N1,000.00 is refundable).
2. Payment should be made to the faculty office who upon receipt of the amount shall retain the Identity Cards of the students and issue a receipt of payment.
3. The faculty officer shall submit the amount receipt (N3,000.00 per gown) to a designated officer of the Students Affairs Division who will issue a receipt to the faculty officer who will in turn present same to the officer in-charge and collect the appropriate number of gowns with effect from Monday, 18th March, 2019.
4. The students shall return the gown to the faculty officer not later than 4:00pm on Tuesday, 26th March, 2019 and collect the refundable deposit of N1,000.00 and identity card.
6. A penalty of N1,000.00 per day shall be paid by any student who fails to refund the gown as stipulated in 4 above.
7. Faculty Officers who return the gown after 29th March, 2019 shall do so with the corresponding fine and shall be held responsible for any loss or damage by a surcharge to the value of each gown not returned or damaged.
8. All freshmen are to note that Matriculation is compulsory and should therefore present themselves for the ceremony.