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Kazakhstan - Central Asia NATO regime change operations
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Plans for Redrawing the Middle East: The Project for a "New Middle East"
Among the Most Popular Global Research 2017 Articles
By Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya
Global Research, January 05, 2020
Global Research 18 November 2006
https://www.globalresearch.ca/plans-for-redrawing-the-middle-east-the- project-for-a-new-middle-east/3882
This article by award winning author Mahdi Nazemroaya first published by GR in November 2006 is of particular relevance to an understanding of the ongoing process of destabilization and political fragmentation in the Middle East as well as US war plans directed against Iran.
"Hegemony is as old as Mankind…" -Zbigniew Brzezinski, former U.S. National Security Advisor
The term "New Middle East" was introduced to the world in June 2006 in Tel Aviv by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (who was credited by the Western media for coining the term) in replacement of the older and more imposing term, the "Greater Middle East."
This shift in foreign policy phraseology coincided with the inauguration of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Oil Terminal in the Eastern Mediterranean. The term and conceptualization of the "New Middle East," was subsequently heralded by the U.S. Secretary of State and the Israeli Prime Minister at the height of the Anglo-American sponsored Israeli siege of Lebanon. Prime Minister Olmert and Secretary Rice had informed the international media that a project for a "New Middle East" was being launched from Lebanon.
This announcement was a confirmation of an Anglo-American-Israeli "military roadmap" in the Middle East. This project, which has been in the planning stages for several years, consists in creating an arc of instability, chaos, and violence extending from Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria to Iraq, the Persian Gulf, Iran, and the borders of NATO-garrisoned Afghanistan.
The "New Middle East" project was introduced publicly by Washington and Tel Aviv with the expectation that Lebanon would be the pressure point for realigning the whole Middle East and thereby unleashing the forces of "constructive chaos." This "constructive chaos" –which generates conditions of violence and warfare throughout the region– would in turn be used so that the United States, Britain, and Israel could redraw the map of the Middle East in accordance with their geo-strategic needs and objectives.
New Middle East Map
Secretary Condoleezza Rice stated during a press conference that
"[w]hat we're seeing here [in regards to the destruction of Lebanon and the Israeli attacks on Lebanon], in a sense, is the growing—the 'birth pangs'—of a 'New Middle East' and whatever we do we [meaning the United States] have to be certain that we're pushing forward to the New Middle East [and] not going back to the old one."1
Secretary Rice was immediately criticized for her statements both within Lebanon and internationally for expressing indifference to the suffering of an entire nation, which was being bombed indiscriminately by the Israeli Air Force.
The Anglo-American Military Roadmap in the Middle East and Central Asia
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's speech on the "New Middle East" had set the stage. The Israeli attacks on Lebanon –which had been fully endorsed by Washington and London– have further compromised and validated the existence of the geo-strategic objectives of the United States, Britain, and Israel. According to Professor Mark Levine the "neo-liberal globalizers and neo-conservatives, and ultimately the Bush Administration, would latch on to creative destruction as a way of describing the process by which they hoped to create their new world orders," and that "creative destruction [in] the United States was, in the words of neo-conservative philosopher and Bush adviser Michael Ledeen, 'an awesome revolutionary force' for (…) creative destruction…"2
Anglo-American occupied Iraq, particularly Iraqi Kurdistan, seems to be the preparatory ground for the balkanization (division) and finlandization (pacification) of the Middle East. Already the legislative framework, under the Iraqi Parliament and the name of Iraqi federalization, for the partition of Iraq into three portions is being drawn out. (See map below)
Moreover, the Anglo-American military roadmap appears to be vying an entry into Central Asia via the Middle East. The Middle East, Afghanistan, and Pakistan are stepping stones for extending U.S. influence into the former Soviet Union and the ex-Soviet Republics of Central Asia. The Middle East is to some extent the southern tier of Central Asia. Central Asia in turn is also termed as "Russia's Southern Tier" or the Russian "Near Abroad."
Many Russian and Central Asian scholars, military planners, strategists, security advisors, economists, and politicians consider Central Asia ("Russia's Southern Tier") to be the vulnerable and "soft under-belly" of the Russian Federation.3
It should be noted that in his book, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives, Zbigniew Brzezinski, a former U.S. National Security Advisor, alluded to the modern Middle East as a control lever of an area he, Brzezinski, calls the Eurasian Balkans. The Eurasian Balkans consists of the Caucasus (Georgia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, and Armenia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan) and to some extent both Iran and Turkey. Iran and Turkey both form the northernmost tiers of the Middle East (excluding the Caucasus4) that edge into Europe and the former Soviet Union.
The Map of the "New Middle East"
A relatively unknown map of the Middle East, NATO-garrisoned Afghanistan, and Pakistan has been circulating around strategic, governmental, NATO, policy and military circles since mid-2006. It has been causally allowed to surface in public, maybe in an attempt to build consensus and to slowly prepare the general public for possible, maybe even cataclysmic, changes in the Middle East. This is a map of a redrawn and restructured Middle East identified as the "New Middle East."
MAP OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST
Note: The following map was prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Peters. It was published in the Armed Forces Journal in June 2006, Peters is a retired colonel of the U.S. National War Academy. (Map Copyright Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Peters 2006).
Although the map does not officially reflect Pentagon doctrine, it has been used in a training program at NATO's Defense College for senior military officers. This map, as well as other similar maps, has most probably been used at the National War Academy as well as in military planning circles.
This map of the "New Middle East" seems to be based on several other maps, including older maps of potential boundaries in the Middle East extending back to the era of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and World War I. This map is showcased and presented as the brainchild of retired Lieutenant-Colonel (U.S. Army) Ralph Peters, who believes the redesigned borders contained in the map will fundamentally solve the problems of the contemporary Middle East.
The map of the "New Middle East" was a key element in the retired Lieutenant-Colonel's book, Never Quit the Fight, which was released to the public on July 10, 2006. This map of a redrawn Middle East was also published, under the title of Blood Borders: How a better Middle East would look, in the U.S. military's Armed Forces Journal with commentary from Ralph Peters.5
It should be noted that Lieutenant-Colonel Peters was last posted to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, within the U.S. Defence Department, and has been one of the Pentagon's foremost authors with numerous essays on strategy for military journals and U.S. foreign policy.
It has been written that Ralph Peters' "four previous books on strategy have been highly influential in government and military circles," but one can be pardoned for asking if in fact quite the opposite could be taking place. Could it be Lieutenant-Colonel Peters is revealing and putting forward what Washington D.C. and its strategic planners have anticipated for the Middle East?
The concept of a redrawn Middle East has been presented as a "humanitarian" and "righteous" arrangement that would benefit the people(s) of the Middle East and its peripheral regions. According to Ralph Peters:
International borders are never completely just. But the degree of injustice they inflict upon those whom frontiers force together or separate makes an enormous difference — often the difference between freedom and oppression, tolerance and atrocity, the rule of law and terrorism, or even peace and war.
The most arbitrary and distorted borders in the world are in Africa and the Middle East. Drawn by self-interested Europeans (who have had sufficient trouble defining their own frontiers), Africa's borders continue to provoke the deaths of millions of local inhabitants. But the unjust borders in the Middle East — to borrow from Churchill — generate more trouble than can be consumed locally.
While the Middle East has far more problems than dysfunctional borders alone — from cultural stagnation through scandalous inequality to deadly religious extremism — the greatest taboo in striving to understand the region's comprehensive failure isn't Islam, but the awful-but-sacrosanct international boundaries worshipped by our own diplomats.
Of course, no adjustment of borders, however draconian, could make every minority in the Middle East happy. In some instances, ethnic and religious groups live intermingled and have intermarried. Elsewhere, reunions based on blood or belief might not prove quite as joyous as their current proponents expect. The boundaries projected in the maps accompanying this article redress the wrongs suffered by the most significant "cheated" population groups, such as the Kurds, Baluch and Arab Shia [Muslims], but still fail to account adequately for Middle Eastern Christians, Bahais, Ismailis, Naqshbandis and many another numerically lesser minorities. And one haunting wrong can never be redressed with a reward of territory: the genocide perpetrated against the Armenians by the dying Ottoman Empire.
Yet, for all the injustices the borders re-imagined here leave unaddressed, without such major boundary revisions, we shall never see a more peaceful Middle East.
Even those who abhor the topic of altering borders would be well-served to engage in an exercise that attempts to conceive a fairer, if still imperfect, amendment of national boundaries between the Bosphorus and the Indus. Accepting that international statecraft has never developed effective tools — short of war — for readjusting faulty borders, a mental effort to grasp the Middle East's "organic" frontiers nonetheless helps us understand the extent of the difficulties we face and will continue to face. We are dealing with colossal, man-made deformities that will not stop generating hatred and violence until they are corrected. 6
"Necessary Pain"
Besides believing that there is "cultural stagnation" in the Middle East, it must be noted that Ralph Peters admits that his propositions are "draconian" in nature, but he insists that they are necessary pains for the people of the Middle East. This view of necessary pain and suffering is in startling parallel to U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's belief that the devastation of Lebanon by the Israeli military was a necessary pain or "birth pang" in order to create the "New Middle East" that Washington, London, and Tel Aviv envision.
Moreover, it is worth noting that the subject of the Armenian Genocide is being politicized and stimulated in Europe to offend Turkey.7
The overhaul, dismantlement, and reassembly of the nation-states of the Middle East have been packaged as a solution to the hostilities in the Middle East, but this is categorically misleading, false, and fictitious. The advocates of a "New Middle East" and redrawn boundaries in the region avoid and fail to candidly depict the roots of the problems and conflicts in the contemporary Middle East. What the media does not acknowledge is the fact that almost all major conflicts afflicting the Middle East are the consequence of overlapping Anglo-American-Israeli agendas.
Many of the problems affecting the contemporary Middle East are the result of the deliberate aggravation of pre-existing regional tensions. Sectarian division, ethnic tension and internal violence have been traditionally exploited by the United States and Britain in various parts of the globe including Africa, Latin America, the Balkans, and the Middle East. Iraq is just one of many examples of the Anglo-American strategy of "divide and conquer." Other examples are Rwanda, Yugoslavia, the Caucasus, and Afghanistan.
Amongst the problems in the contemporary Middle East is the lack of genuine democracy which U.S. and British foreign policy has actually been deliberately obstructing. Western-style "Democracy" has been a requirement only for those Middle Eastern states which do not conform to Washington's political demands. Invariably, it constitutes a pretext for confrontation. Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan are examples of undemocratic states that the United States has no problems with because they are firmly alligned within the Anglo-American orbit or sphere.
Additionally, the United States has deliberately blocked or displaced genuine democratic movements in the Middle East from Iran in 1953 (where a U.S./U.K. sponsored coup was staged against the democratic government of Prime Minister Mossadegh) to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, the Arab Sheikdoms, and Jordan where the Anglo-American alliance supports military control, absolutists, and dictators in one form or another. The latest example of this is Palestine.
The Turkish Protest at NATO's Military College in Rome
Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Peters' map of the "New Middle East" has sparked angry reactions in Turkey. According to Turkish press releases on September 15, 2006 the map of the "New Middle East" was displayed in NATO's Military College in Rome, Italy. It was additionally reported that Turkish officers were immediately outraged by the presentation of a portioned and segmented Turkey.8 The map received some form of approval from the U.S. National War Academy before it was unveiled in front of NATO officers in Rome.
The Turkish Chief of Staff, General Buyukanit, contacted the U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Peter Pace, and protested the event and the exhibition of the redrawn map of the Middle East, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.9 Furthermore the Pentagon has gone out of its way to assure Turkey that the map does not reflect official U.S. policy and objectives in the region, but this seems to be conflicting with Anglo-American actions in the Middle East and NATO-garrisoned Afghanistan.
Is there a Connection between Zbigniew Brzezinski's "Eurasian Balkans" and the "New Middle East" Project?
The following are important excerpts and passages from former U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski's book, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives. Brzezinski also states that both Turkey and Iran, the two most powerful states of the "Eurasian Balkans," located on its southern tier, are "potentially vulnerable to internal ethnic conflicts [balkanization]," and that, "If either or both of them were to be destabilized, the internal problems of the region would become unmanageable."10
It seems that a divided and balkanized Iraq would be the best means of accomplishing this. Taking what we know from the White House's own admissions; there is a belief that "creative destruction and chaos" in the Middle East are beneficial assets to reshaping the Middle East, creating the "New Middle East," and furthering the Anglo-American roadmap in the Middle East and Central Asia:
In Europe, the Word "Balkans" conjures up images of ethnic conflicts and great-power regional rivalries. Eurasia, too, has its "Balkans," but the Eurasian Balkans are much larger, more populated, even more religiously and ethnically heterogenous. They are located within that large geographic oblong that demarcates the central zone of global instability (…) that embraces portions of southeastern Europe, Central Asia and parts of South Asia [Pakistan, Kashmir, Western India], the Persian Gulf area, and the Middle East.
The Eurasian Balkans form the inner core of that large oblong (…) they differ from its outer zone in one particularly significant way: they are a power vacuum. Although most of the states located in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East are also unstable, American power is that region's [meaning the Middle East's] ultimate arbiter. The unstable region in the outer zone is thus an area of single power hegemony and is tempered by that hegemony. In contrast, the Eurasian Balkans are truly reminiscent of the older, more familiar Balkans of southeastern Europe: not only are its political entities unstable but they tempt and invite the intrusion of more powerful neighbors, each of whom is determined to oppose the region's domination by another. It is this familiar combination of a power vacuum and power suction that justifies the appellation "Eurasian Balkans."
The traditional Balkans represented a potential geopolitical prize in the struggle for European supremacy. The Eurasian Balkans, astride the inevitably emerging transportation network meant to link more directly Eurasia's richest and most industrious western and eastern extremities, are also geopolitically significant. Moreover, they are of importance from the standpoint of security and historical ambitions to at least three of their most immediate and more powerful neighbors, namely, Russia, Turkey, and Iran, with China also signaling an increasing political interest in the region. But the Eurasian Balkans are infinitely more important as a potential economic prize: an enormous concentration of natural gas and oil reserves is located in the region, in addition to important minerals, including gold.
The world's energy consumption is bound to vastly increase over the next two or three decades. Estimates by the U.S. Department of Energy anticipate that world demand will rise by more than 50 percent between 1993 and 2015, with the most significant increase in consumption occurring in the Far East. The momentum of Asia's economic development is already generating massive pressures for the exploration and exploitation of new sources of energy, and the Central Asian region and the Caspian Sea basin are known to contain reserves of natural gas and oil that dwarf those of Kuwait, the Gulf of Mexico, or the North Sea.
Access to that resource and sharing in its potential wealth represent objectives that stir national ambitions, motivate corporate interests, rekindle historical claims, revive imperial aspirations, and fuel international rivalries. The situation is made all the more volatile by the fact that the region is not only a power vacuum but is also internally unstable.
The Eurasian Balkans include nine countries that one way or another fit the foregoing description, with two others as potential candidates. The nine are Kazakstan [alternative and official spelling of Kazakhstan] , Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia—all of them formerly part of the defunct Soviet Union—as well as Afghanistan.
The potential additions to the list are Turkey and Iran, both of them much more politically and economically viable, both active contestants for regional influence within the Eurasian Balkans, and thus both significant geo-strategic players in the region. At the same time, both are potentially vulnerable to internal ethnic conflicts. If either or both of them were to be destabilized, the internal problems of the region would become unmanageable, while efforts to restrain regional domination by Russia could even become futile. 11
Redrawing the Middle East
The Middle East, in some regards, is a striking parallel to the Balkans and Central-Eastern Europe during the years leading up the First World War. In the wake of the the First World War the borders of the Balkans and Central-Eastern Europe were redrawn. This region experienced a period of upheaval, violence and conflict, before and after World War I, which was the direct result of foreign economic interests and interference.
The reasons behind the First World War are more sinister than the standard school-book explanation, the assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian (Habsburg) Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo. Economic factors were the real motivation for the large-scale war in 1914.
Norman Dodd, a former Wall Street banker and investigator for the U.S. Congress, who examined U.S. tax-exempt foundations, confirmed in a 1982 interview that those powerful individuals who from behind the scenes controlled the finances, policies, and government of the United States had in fact also planned U.S. involvement in a war, which would contribute to entrenching their grip on power.
The following testimonial is from the transcript of Norman Dodd's interview with G. Edward Griffin;
We are now at the year 1908, which was the year that the Carnegie Foundation began operations. And, in that year, the trustees meeting, for the first time, raised a specific question, which they discussed throughout the balance of the year, in a very learned fashion. And the question is this: Is there any means known more effective than war, assuming you wish to alter the life of an entire people? And they conclude that, no more effective means to that end is known to humanity, than war. So then, in 1909, they raise the second question, and discuss it, namely, how do we involve the United States in a war?
Well, I doubt, at that time, if there was any subject more removed from the thinking of most of the people of this country [the United States], than its involvement in a war. There were intermittent shows [wars] in the Balkans, but I doubt very much if many people even knew where the Balkans were. And finally, they answer that question as follows: we must control the State Department.
And then, that very naturally raises the question of how do we do that? They answer it by saying, we must take over and control the diplomatic machinery of this country and, finally, they resolve to aim at that as an objective. Then, time passes, and we are eventually in a war, which would be World War I. At that time, they record on their minutes a shocking report in which they dispatch to President Wilson a telegram cautioning him to see that the war does not end too quickly. And finally, of course, the war is over.
At that time, their interest shifts over to preventing what they call a reversion of life in the United States to what it was prior to 1914, when World War I broke out. (emphasis added)
The redrawing and partition of the Middle East from the Eastern Mediterranean shores of Lebanon and Syria to Anatolia (Asia Minor), Arabia, the Persian Gulf, and the Iranian Plateau responds to broad economic, strategic and military objectives, which are part of a longstanding Anglo-American and Israeli agenda in the region.
The Middle East has been conditioned by outside forces into a powder keg that is ready to explode with the right trigger, possibly the launching of Anglo-American and/or Israeli air raids against Iran and Syria. A wider war in the Middle East could result in redrawn borders that are strategically advantageous to Anglo-American interests and Israel.
NATO-garrisoned Afghanistan has been successfully divided, all but in name. Animosity has been inseminated in the Levant, where a Palestinian civil war is being nurtured and divisions in Lebanon agitated. The Eastern Mediterranean has been successfully militarized by NATO. Syria and Iran continue to be demonized by the Western media, with a view to justifying a military agenda. In turn, the Western media has fed, on a daily basis, incorrect and biased notions that the populations of Iraq cannot co-exist and that the conflict is not a war of occupation but a "civil war" characterised by domestic strife between Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds.
Attempts at intentionally creating animosity between the different ethno-cultural and religious groups of the Middle East have been systematic. In fact, they are part of a carefully designed covert intelligence agenda.
Even more ominous, many Middle Eastern governments, such as that of Saudi Arabia, are assisting Washington in fomenting divisions between Middle Eastern populations. The ultimate objective is to weaken the resistance movement against foreign occupation through a "divide and conquer strategy" which serves Anglo-American and Israeli interests in the broader region.
Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya specializes in Middle Eastern and Central Asian affairs. He is a Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).
1 Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Special Briefing on the Travel to the Middle East and Europe of Secretary Condoleezza Rice (Press Conference, U.S. State Department, Washington, D.C., July 21, 2006).
http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/69331.htm
2 Mark LeVine, "The New Creative Destruction," Asia Times, August 22, 2006.
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HH22Ak01.html
3 Andrej Kreutz, "The Geopolitics of post-Soviet Russia and the Middle East," Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) (Washington, D.C.: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, January 2002).
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2501/is_1_24/ai_93458168/pg_1
4 The Caucasus or Caucasia can be considered as part of the Middle East or as a separate region
5 Ralph Peters, "Blood borders: How a better Middle East would look," Armed Forces Journal (AFJ), June 2006.
http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2006/06/1833899
7 Crispian Balmer, "French MPs back Armenia genocide bill, Turkey angry, Reuters, October 12, 2006; James McConalogue, "French against Turks: Talking about Armenian Genocide," The Brussels Journal, October 10, 2006.
http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/1585
8 Suleyman Kurt, "Carved-up Map of Turkey at NATO Prompts U.S. Apology," Zaman (Turkey), September 29, 2006.
http://www.zaman.com/?bl=international&alt=&hn=36919
10 Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives (New York City: Basic Books, 1997).
Related Global Research articles on the March to War in the Middle East
US naval war games off the Iranian coastline: A provocation which could lead to War? 2006-10-24
"Cold War Shivers:" War Preparations in the Middle East and Central Asia 2006-10-06
The March to War: Naval build-up in the Persian Gulf and the Eastern Mediterranean 2006-10-01
The March to War: Iran Preparing for US Air Attacks 2006-09-21
The Next Phase of the Middle East War 2006-09-04
Baluchistan and the Coming Iran War 2006-09-01
British Troops Mobilizing on the Iranian Border 2006-08-30
Russia and Central Asian Allies Conduct War Games in Response to US Threats 2006-08-24
Beating the Drums of War: US Troop Build-up: Army & Marines authorize "Involuntary Conscription" 2006-08-23
Iranian War Games: Exercises, Tests, and Drills or Preparation and Mobilization for War? 2006-08-21
Triple Alliance:" The US, Turkey, Israel and the War on Lebanon 2006-08-06
The War on Lebanon and the Battle for Oil 2006-07-26
Is the Bush Administration Planning a Nuclear Holocaust? 2006-02-22
The Dangers of a Middle East Nuclear War 2006-02-17
Nuclear War against Iran 2006-01-03
Israeli Bombings could lead to Escalation of Middle East War 2006-07-15
Iran: Next Target of US Military Aggression 2005-05-01
Planned US-Israeli Attack on Iran 2005-05-01
National Endowment for Democracy Provided $1.2 Million to Kazakhstan to Help Spark Color Revolution Against Pro-Russian and Pro-China Regime
By Jeremy Kuzmarov - January 12, 2022 6
Protesters climb on top of a van in Almaty on January 6. [Source: nbcnews.com; collage by staff]
Media Has Covered Crisis in Kazakhstan in Biased Way
https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/01/12/national-endowment-for-dem ocracy-provided-1-2-million-to-kazakhstan-to-help-spark-color-revoluti on-against-pro-russian-and-pro-china-regime/
On January 2nd, protests erupted in the city of Zhanaozen in western Kazakhstan that have since spread across the country. Over 160 people have been killed, including at least 18 police officers, with hundreds more wounded.
The New York Times and other mainstream media outlets depicted the violence as a result of the doubling of fuel prices and unhappiness with political authoritarianism and corruption.
PHOTO: Protesters take part in a rally over a hike in energy prices in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on Jan. 5, 2022.
Protesters take part in a rally over a hike in energy prices in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on January 5, 2022. [Source: abcnews.go.com]
Kazakhstan's president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, has been widely condemned for carrying out large-scale human rights abuses, with Russian backing. Secretary of State Antony Blinken referred to Russia as an occupying power.
Russia has indeed sent troops into Kazakhstan in support of Tokayev. On January 5th, Tokayev invoked article four of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a Russia-led alliance of former Soviet states that includes Belarus, Tajikistan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan, which agreed to provide Kazakhstan with military assistance and defense.
Map Description automatically generated
[Source: silkroadbriefing.com]
In most media coverage, including even in alternative media, Tokyaev is depicted as the bad guy, with Russian President Vladimir Putin. However, Tokayev's statement about criminals and murderers leading the protests is actually true.
A person wearing a suit and tie Description automatically generated with medium confidence[Source: wikipedia.org]
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported that two police officers in Almaty were found beheaded and that government buildings were stormed and set ablaze.
RT News reported that protesters were driving away military vehicles, disarming soldiers, burning cars and had set on fire the mayor's office in Almaty, the country's largest city.
Lest one think RT News is biased since it is pro-Russian, The New York Times also featured a photograph of a burning police car on January 7.[1]
Pepe Escobar wrote in Strategic Culture about the protesters provoking "total anarchy, robbery, looting, hundreds of vehicles destroyed, attacks with assault rifles, ATMs and even the Duty Free at Almaty airport [being] completely plundered." This assessment dovetailed with that of Galym Ageleulov, a human rights activist in Almaty who participated in the protests. He described the crowd as "an unruly mob of…thugs…clearly organized by crime group marauders."
A burning police car during a protest in Almaty on Wednesday.
Photo of burning police car in Almaty published by The New York Times. [Source: nytimes.com]
Regime Change
The media almost universally failed to report that political organizations in Kazakhstan in 2020 received $3.8 million from George Soros' Open Society Foundation, which promotes regime change against pro-Russian leaders in Eastern Europe and Central Asia under the guise of advancing democracy and human rights, and more than $1.2 million from the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). (data for 2021 is not yet publicly available)
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY
[Source: ned.org]
The NED was founded in the 1980s by the Reagan administration to carry out functions previously adopted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[2] It has been involved in supporting "color revolutions," or regime-change operations, throughout Eastern Europe and Central Asia directed against pro-Russian leaders like Eduard Shevardnadze of Georgia in the 2003 "Rose Revolution" and Viktor Yanukovych who was ousted in Ukraine in February 2014.
A picture containing outdoor, crowd, group, herd Description automatically generated
Rose Revolution in Georgia in 2003. [Source: wikipedia.org]
How Ukraine's Orange Revolution shaped twenty-first century geopolitics - Atlantic Council
Color Revolution in Ukraine. [Source: atlanticcouncil.org]
In 2018-2019, the NED spent almost three million dollars in Belarus, which was targeted in a color revolution directed against Socialist Alexander Lukashenko, a close Russian ally who sustained considerable popular support because of the strength of his country's social programs.
A crowd of people holding flags Description automatically generated with medium confidence
Protests in Minsk in August 2020 with the aim of bringing down Alexander Lukashenko's socialist government. The protesters fly Belarus's pre-revolutionary flag. [Source: covertactionmagazine.com]
Much of the NED funding was directed toward training youth activists in political organizing, strengthening NGOs and financing independent anti-Lukashenko media, which played a pivotal role in trying to stir up opposition and protests against him. The NED has also set out to publicize human rights abuses as a means of undermining Lukashenko's legitimacy.
The same approach has been deployed in Kazakhstan. In 2020, the NED budgeted $61,450 for defending human rights, $69,920 for what it calls promoting and defending civil society, and $300,550 for independent news and commentary.
All of these initiatives sound positive, but their primary intention is to stir anti-regime opposition and propaganda.
When violent protests begin to escalate, the opposition media kick into high gear, depicting the president as a tyrant committing human rights crimes, and international media—including the alternative media—follow suit.
Regime change usually follows, though in the case of Kazakhstan, Russian and CSTO support, combined with the lack of organization and vision of the protest movement, makes those prospects here unlikely.[3]
Corrupt Foreign-Backed Leader
The leader of the Kazakh protest movement, Mukhtar Ablyazov, is a former energy minister and wealthy banker, who fled from Kazakhstan to Britain in 2009 after being charged with corruption and embezzling as much as $6 billion when he was head of Kazakhstan's largest bank.
DCK leader Mukhtar Ablyazov receives political asylum in France - Open Dialogue Foundation
A Great Freedom Fighter! Mukhtar Ablyazov raising fist in France, having received asylum there in 2020 after being forced to leave Britain under the threat of imprisonment for tax evasion. [Source: en.odfoundation.eu]
Owning a network of over 800 fake companies, many of them off-shore[4], Ablyazov was accused of murdering his business rival, Yerzhan Tatishev, on a hunting trip. A colleague told a court in Almaty that Ablyazov, who heads the right-wing Democratic Choice party of Kazakhstan, "proposed…the physical elimination of Yerzhan. This would happen during a hunting trip and look like an accidental death. And so it happened."[5]
Tarzan Tatishev [Source: asiantimes.com]
Dubbed by the British press as the "world's richest fraudster," Ablyazov lived sumptuously in a nine-bedroom mansion in London's "Billionaire's Row" and a 100-acre estate in Windsor Great Park, while renting a 15,000 square foot mansion on Bishop's Avenue in London. He owned three private planes and more than one thousand apartments, and 106 cars.
Ablyazov's mansion on London's billionaire's row. [Source: independent.co.uk]
In 2012, a British judge ordered him imprisoned for lying in court about his financial assets, which prompted him to seek asylum in France.[6] Lord Justice Maurice Kay observed that: "It is difficult to imagine a party to commercial litigation who has acted with more cynicism, opportunism and deviousness towards court orders than Mr Ablyazov."
Ablyazov arrives at court hearing in France in 2014. [Source: occrp.org]
Ablyazov has set up headquarters for the new color revolution in Kyiv, home of a U.S.-backed government infiltrated by neo-fascists that is priming for war with Russia, and has called for Western military intervention.
His lawyer, Stephan Roh, was the attorney for Joseph Mifsud, the notorious Maltese-British agent who tried to entrap Trump campaign worker George Papadopoulos in 2016, with help from Italian Democratic Party networks and the Italian government under Matteo Renzi.
Stephen Roh [Source: buzzfeednews.com]
Geopolitical Stakes
Besides failing to discuss Ablyazov's background, almost all media coverage of Kazakhstan has failed to probe the important geopolitical stakes underlying the protests.
Russia is depicted as the bad guy because it is supposedly helping a ghastly regime. But as bad as Tokayev may be, the alternative appears to be worse.
The media further ignores the fact that Putin and Russia are obligated to act under the CSTO to defend Kazakhstan and that the U.S. has been supporting the "color revolution in Kazakhstan as part of a renewed Cold War offensive. Its goal is to pry a key Russian strategic ally into the U.S. and Western political orbit, where it could be admitted into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Russia has strong interest in Kazakhstan, including a launch site for space missions that it rents, a major missile testing site where a next generation missile defense system is being developed, and a reliance on Kazakh gas as a backstop for insufficient Russian production.
Baikonur Cosmodrome: Russian Launch Complex | Space
A Russian Soyuz-FG rocket with five satellites launches from the Baikonur launch site in Kazakhstan on July 22, 2012. [Space.com]
Kazakhstan is also one of the world's leading uranium producers and an important oil supplier to China, which has emerged as a key strategic ally of Moscow.
The color revolution as of this writing appears to have failed. The reason is because Kazakhstan has benefited greatly from the Eurasian Economic Union which has integrated its economy with Russia and Belarus.[7]
A group of men sitting around a table with flags behind them Description automatically generated with medium confidence
Session of the Eurasian Economic Council. [Source: wikipedia.org]
As a huge potential hub for accessing Central Asia, Kazakhstan under Tokayev's leadership is also poised to receive considerable support under China's One Belt-One Road initiative, which will likely result in a huge buildup of Kazakhstan's railway and infrastructure, and tremendous economic benefit.[8]
Kazakhstan Must Look Beyond the Belt and Road - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
[Source: carnegieendowment.org]
The U.S., it appears, would prefer to go back to the days of Nursultan Nazarbayev, who ruled Kazakhstan from 1990 until 2019. His mafia-style tactics were apparent when the decapitated carcass of a dog was left outside the office of a newspaper that reported he had stashed more than a billion dollars in state oil money in Swiss bank accounts, with a warning that "there won't be a next time."[9]
Here's why Russia's Putin was most likely watching as Kazakh leader resigned
Nursultan Nazarbayev [Source: nbcnews.com]
The money had come from the sale of a 20% stake in the Tengiz oil fields to Chevron, and from $78 million in bribes given by an American oil industry consultant, James H. Giffen, the de facto U.S. ambassador who also worked for Nazarbayev and helped secure Chevron's concession.[10]
Chevron forges ahead with giant Tengiz project as new Covid-19 cases surface | Upstream Online
Tengiz oil field. [Source: upstreamonline.com]
James H. Giffen is accused of channeling more than $78 million in bribes to two officials of Kazakhstan. He is scheduled to stand trial in February.
James H. Giffen [Source: nytimes.com]
In 2005, former U.S. President Bill Clinton famously enjoyed a decadent midnight feast with Nazarbayev while helping to secure a uranium mining concession in Kazakhstan for Clinton Foundation donor James Giustra.[11]
A group of men in suits Description automatically generated with low confidence
Bill Clinton, center, with Frank Giustra on his left and Sir Tom Hunter on his right. [Source: nytimes.com]
Today, the Great Game continues, but the world is changing, and China and Russia are becoming more powerful.
Newsweek reported that the protesters had broken into the presidential residence, while the World Socialist Web Site reported that they were smashing bank windows.
Former Archivist of the United States and NED founder Allen Weinstein stated openly: "A lot of what we do today was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA." ↑
Though the initial protests were led by workers, the left wing parties have been decimated by years of repression. The country's main political opposition party, the right-wing "Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan," as such has begun to play a role in the demonstrations. A high level intelligence source told journalist Pepe Escobar that the protests were being "sponsored by MI6 to create a new Maidan right before the Russia/U.S.-NATO talks in Geneva and Brussels…to prevent any kind of agreement." Another intelligence source told him that it was a diversionary tactic to bog Russia down while war is triggered in Ukraine. ↑
Some of these companies were listed as being owned by dead alcoholics as part of a pattern of tax evasion and financial fraud. Ablyazov is reputed to have ties to organized crime. See Charles van der Leeuw, Fugitive Long-fingered Gentry from the Plains (Capisan, 2009).
The consequence of Tatishev's death was that Mukhtar Ablyazov forced Tatishev's widow to transfer him the shares that Tatishev held in BTA Bank. The transfer made Ablyazov the owner of BTA and one of the most powerful men in Kazakhstan. The man convicted of accidentally killing him, Muratkhan Tokhmadiyev, said he had in fact been hired to do so by Mukhtar Ablyazov. ↑
Ablyazov was facing three concurrent twenty-two month sentences for judgments against him that totaled $4.9 billion. Within a year of his tenure as head of the state-owned Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company (KEGOC), revenues were down by 12 percent and expenditure up by 53 percent, a pattern repeated in 1999 when he was named CEO of Air Kazakhstan, swiftly asset-stripping the company into bankruptcy. The Royal Bank of Scotland was among numerous British institutions to suffer at the hands of Ablyazov—it had to be bailed out by British taxpayers after suffering losses of more than $1.8 billion. ↑
President Tokayev also has made major concession to the protesters that will help to dissipate them. He has promised state regulation of gas, gasoline, and socially important goods; a moratorium on raising utility bills; subsidized rents for housing for the poor; and the creation of a public fund to support health care and children. ↑Tokyaev also satisfied protesters by removing ex-President Nursultan Nazarbayev, whom he served as a foreign minister under, from a key security post.
The One-Belt-One Road was initially launched in Kazakhstan by Xi Jinping at Nazarbayev University in September 2013. ↑
Peter Baker, "As Kazakh scandal unfolds, Soviet-style reprisals begin," Chicago Tribune, June 11, 2002, https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-06-11-0206110214-story .html. The dog's severed head was later put on the editor's doorstep. Nazarbayev still wields influence in Kazakhstan, though has just been removed from a key security post. Some of the protesters had demanded his return, while others chanted that "the old man should go away."↑
Robert Baer, See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA's War on Terrorism (New York: Penguin, 2002), 496, 497; Michael Dobbs, David Ottaway and Sharon LaFraniere, "American at Center of Kazakh Oil Probe," The Washington Post, September 25, 2000; Ken Silverstein, The Secret World of Oil (London: Verso, 2014), 21, 22. Giffen also gave Nazarbayev and his wife gifts, including his-her snowmobiles, and hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of jewelry. Giffen never denied paying the bribes but said his actions were fully known by the U.S. government. He had made millions in concessions on Kazakhstan oil deals, enabling him to buy an 11-acre estate adjacent to the celebrated Winged Foot Golf Course in New York's Westchester County. In late 2010, the Justice Department dropped bribery charges in exchange for a misdemeanor tax plea, and the Judge, William Pauley, imposed no jail time, saying Giffen was a Cold War hero and "one of the only Americans with sustained access to high levels of government in the region. These relationships built up over a lifetime were lost the day of his arrest." Oil fixer Friedhelm Eronat stated that "oil fields are a battleground. If Jim (Giffen] had not been involved, other [non-American] firms would have gotten the contracts, and the loser would have been the U.S. government." ↑
Jo Becker and Don Van Natta Jr., "After Mining Deal, Financier Donated to Clinton," The New York Times, January 31, 2008. ↑
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Jeremy Kuzmarov is Managing Editor of CovertAction Magazine.
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Color Revolution
Interview 1685 – New World Next Week with James Evan Pilato - United Push Back January 13, 2022 At 5:02 pm
[…] National Endowment for Democracy Provided $1.2 Million to Kazakhstan to Help Spark Color Revolution Against Pro-Russian and Pro-China Regimehttps://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/01/12/national-endowment-f or-democracy-provided-1-2-million-to… […]
NED Provided $1.2 Million To Help Kazakhstan Spark A Color Revolution - PopularResistance.Org January 13, 2022 At 3:02 pm
[…] administration to carry out functions previously adopted by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[2] It has been involved in supporting "color revolutions," or regime-change operations, […]
National Endowment for Democracy Provided $1.2 Million to Kazakhstan to Spark a Color Revolution - United Push Back January 13, 2022 At 7:40 am
[…] Jeremy Kuzmarov Covert Action Magazine […]
Jan 13, 2022 – Situation Report: The World January 13, 2022 At 12:31 am
[…] After Kazakhstan, the Color Revolution Era Is Over, by Pepe Escobar Kazakhstan… Putting the Xinjiang in Context, by Eamon McKinney Craig Murray: What Kazakhstan Isn't NED Provided $1.2 Million to Kazakhstan to Help Spark Color Revolution Against Pro-Russian … […]
Alberto Portugheis January 12, 2022 At 6:32 pm
Great article, Jeremy! you make so clear – intentionally or unintentionally – the fact that 'advancing democracy and Human Rights' is in reality 'advancing the gains of the War Industry". Politicians, diplomats and their Media partners should be awarded the Nobel Prize for Lies and Hypocrisy.
National Endowment for Democracy Provided $1.2 Million to Kazakhstan to Help Spark Color Revolution Against Pro-Russian and Pro-China Regime | The Most Revolutionary Act January 12, 2022 At 5:47 pm
[…] Lest one think RT News is biased since it is pro-Russian, The New York Times also featured a photograph of a burning police car on January 7.[1] […]
9/11, 7/7, Covid-1984 & the War on Freedom Forum Index -> Anglo-Zionist Empire: Nation by Nation NWO War Gazetteer All times are GMT


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text:
Call For Leaders 2021
Call For Leaders 2021 | Liudmila Climoc (Orange Romania): Taking advantage of digital transformations to reconfirm Romania as a digital hub
The Call For Leaders interview series reached its third phase, with the established 3Q format having received a revamp for 2021. The original Call For Leaders 3Q and its sequel, Call For Leaders – Back in Business, have seen us talking to quite a diverse roster of business leaders in Romania, representing top companies and various industries. In today's interview, we talked to Liudmila Climoc, CEO of Orange Romania.
After a difficult 2020 year, how do you think business optimism will be influenced in 2021?
When looking back at 2020, I prefer to talk about the full side of the glass, proud of the achievements we had and the lessons we've learnt. These accomplishments enabled us to start the year with a lot of energy and optimism. I must briefly mention what our achievements were:
being the #1 network in Romania, with the fastest mobile internet, the most extensive coverage confirmed by multiple certifications;
supporting the digital transformation process, by accelerating the adoption of digitization solutions;
offering clients and partners help to face crisis challenges – in implementing videoconferencing, digital education, call-centre or security solutions;
focusing our efforts in the area of cyber security, offering cyber security solutions to companies and public authorities;
accelerating the involvement in the field of education, both through the Orange Foundation's projects and through business partnerships;
expanding the Orange 5G network in 14 cities and fully covering Bucharest;
registering a 60% increase in the Orange Money customer base;
signing the acquisition of the majority stake of Telekom Romania.
It is fair to say, therefore, that the current crisis has accelerated a process that was already happening – digital transformation – and we were a very important part of it, in the local context.
#Call4.0Leaders | Voicu Oprean (AROBS Transilvania Software): Co-opetition is a critical element in the life of software services or tech solutions companies
Regarding 2021, we are confident that, as a company, we can do even better than last year. It is true that all the challenges the pandemic brought us disturbed our private and professional lives. But I see all the efforts our team is investing these days, and I can definitely say the results are showing.
Nevertheless, the months of experience in dealing with this sanitary crisis are contouring a milder and optimistic setting for the year ahead, business wise. I am confident that our industry and also others are on the right path of recovering and enter a process of growth.
How will your company be involved in the development of your industry, and also in the recovery of other sectors which were affected by the pandemic?
Telecom industry is one of the key sectors of the economy. We all saw last year how much dependent we were to connection and connectivity, personally and professionally.
Orange Romania proudly contributes in the digital transformation of the Romanian companies, from different sectors, that have now an opportunity to maximize their full potential. I am glad that both private and public companies understood the need of: a speedy adoption of digital solutions, online platforms to support the educational process, a greater degree of awareness of the importance of cyber security, and an increase of the adoption of digital financial services.
The biggest challenge, in these months, for any company is to bring investments considering the long-term effects, to build a strategy. Our approach is not just to offer them a solution, but to create a long-lasting partnership.
This can also be a great opportunity, for us as a nation, to develop a new set of future proof skills, that will help all of us in the future. We already know we have brilliant minds and very good professionals and we can take advantage of this digital transformations to reconfirm Romania as a digital hub and play an important role at European level.
The telco market was not immune to crisis and, according to our estimates, we expect to see an impact of approximately -3% decrease. Fortunately, there is a growing trend in VHBB connectivity, for both mobile and converged services.
It indicates the fact there is a need for this kind of services and efforts are being made to fulfil this need. Our strategy in 2020 was concentrated on digitization and convergence, expanding the fixed services footprint and maintaining a steady rhythm of investments in our network, and in 2021 we will focus even more on network and customer experience. We have services that ensure our growth and we will continue to develop and capitalize on them, focusing our efforts on providing the best convergent services for customers.
We can further contribute to the recovery of sectors affected by the pandemic through our strong infrastructure. It's the result of constant investments in the network, around 100 million euros annually.
We also have a major contribution to education digitization. A priority for us has been and is to support the process of digitization in education. Last year we were part of the auction organized by the Ministry of Education and we won 2 out of 3 tenders, delivering 180,000 tablets, a remarkable performance given the lack of stocks internationally. At the same time, we continued to get involved in the field of education, carrying out the Digitaliada project through the Orange Foundation, and the value of the investments reached 2 million euros.
How will you approach innovation and new investments in 2021?
The health crisis has determined us all to make extraordinary efforts to adapt to the new reality. Our strategic directions remain the same, and the ambition we have assumed in the medium and long term is for Orange Romania to develop and simplify the lives of all people, building together inclusive services of the future and offering society a sustainable transformation.
To achieve this ambition, in 2021 we will focus even more on the network, which is one of our most valuable assets. We have a major advantage in expanding the 5G network with the best coverage. At the same time, we have convergent services and services that ensure our growth, with an emphasis on fibre investments.
Our strengths for 2021 are those that have proven their efficiency and success in 2020: digital services, including the new YOXO digital subscription, B2B solutions (cybersecurity, supporting digitalization for education, for private and public companies), supporting customers with mobile financial services- 100% digital.
At a time when the Internet of Things, 5G and Artificial Intelligence are developing rapidly and prompting revolutionary new uses, the time has come to meet this legitimate expectation. How can we build a digital world people can trust in? As a leading multi-service operator, it's up to Orange to assume this responsibility. It is only on this condition, that innovations can enable meaningful progress for people, society and the planet.
Next, it is necessary to reconfirm the end state and main milestones in digital strategic roadmap, and dedicated resources and investments, focusing also on execution for these milestones.
For any operator, the telecom infrastructure is the key to success in providing customers with quality services and one of the most important criteria to be competitive. Every year, we are investing over 100 million euros, which translates into over 3.5 billion in the last 23 years, in order to develop the Orange telecommunications network.
A rapid expansion of the communications infrastructure and the development of new technologies can be done only by ensuring a simplified regulatory framework that allows this. At the same time, for an accelerated development we need support for the expansion of fixed-mobile networks in less populated or isolated areas. I can confirm that Orange has steadily increased its investment in network infrastructure and will continue to do so in the years to come.
Tags: #Call4Leaders, #CallForLeaders, Call For Leaders 2021, CEO of Orange Romania, leadership, Liudmila Climoc, orange, orange romania, telecom industry
Call For Leaders 4.0
#Call4.0Leaders | Josephin Galla (SAP): People, Business and Brand are the focus areas...
Call For Leaders 2021 | Georgi Bonev (Lenovo): Innovation is keeping our optimism...
Call For Leaders 2021 | Radu Milos (Elysian Software): 2021 provides tangible reasons...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: React.js routing problem when define route
*

*My routing works if I define my route as below, that means I can access my component - MatchingReport in http://localhost:3000/Home/CS5487/1234567
    class App extends Component {

      constructor(props) {
        super(props)
      }

      render(){
        return (

            <Router>
              <Switch>
                <Redirect exact from="/" to="/login" />
                <Route exact path="/login" component={Login} />
                <Fragment>
                  <AppBar title="Plagiarism Detection System"/>
                    <Route exact path="/Home" component={TaskLists} />
                    <Route exact path="/Home/:id" component={Submissions} />
                    <Route exact path="/Home/:id/:student" component={MatchingReport} /> //can access this page
                </Fragment>
              </Switch>
            </Router>

        )
      }
    }

*However, if I define my routes in another file: routes.js and loop through the routes in App.js, I will get the following error:

    Error: Invalid hook call. Hooks can only be called inside of the body of a function component. This could happen for one of the following reasons:
    1. You might have mismatching versions of React and the renderer (such as React DOM)
    2. You might be breaking the Rules of Hooks
    3. You might have more than one copy of React in the same app
    See https://reactjs.org/link/invalid-hook-call for tips about how to debug and fix this problem.
    ▶ 4 stack frames were collapsed.
    MatchingReport
    C:/visal/plagiarism-detection-system/frontend/src/view/MatchReport/index.js:19
      16 |
      17 | export default function MatchingReport(props){
      18 |
    > 19 |     const classes = useStyles();
      20 |
      21 |     return(
      22 |         <Box className="whole-container">
    View compiled
    (anonymous function)
    C:/visal/plagiarism-detection-system/modules/Route.js:55
      52 | }
      53 |
      54 | return (
    > 55 |   <RouterContext.Provider value={props}>
         | ^  56 |     {props.match
      57 |       ? children
      58 |         ? typeof children === "function"
    View compiled
    ▶ 18 stack frames were collapsed.

*Below is my implementation for routes.js and app.js.

// routes.js
import { Login, TaskLists, Submissions, MatchingReport } from "./view/export";

export default [
    {
        path: "/login",
        name: "Login",
        Component: Login
    },
    {
        path: "/Home",
        name: "Home Page",
        Component: TaskLists
    },
    {
        path: "/Home/:id",
        name: "Submissions",
        Component: Submissions
    },
    {
        path: "/Home/:task/:student",
        name: "MatchingReport",
        Component: MatchingReport
    }
]

// App.js
class App extends Component {

  constructor(props) {
    super(props)
  }

  render(){
    return (

        <Router>
          <Switch>
            <Redirect exact from="/" to="/login" />
            <Route exact path="/login" component={Login} />
            <Fragment>
              <AppBar title="Plagiarism Detection System"/>
                {routes.map(({ path, Component }, key) => (
                  <Route exact path={path} render={Component} />
              ))}
            </Fragment>
          </Switch>
        </Router>

    )
  }
}

*MatchingReport implementation:

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import sample2 from '../../resources/sample2.png'; // Tell webpack this JS file uses this image
import sample3 from '../../resources/sample3.jpeg'; // Tell webpack this JS file uses this image
import { Container, Grid, Box, makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core';
import DynamicBox from '../../components/DynamicBox';
import { withStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import Image from 'material-ui-image';
import '../../styles/media.scss';

const useStyles = makeStyles((theme) => ({
  root: {
    flexGrow: 1,
    textAlign: 'left',
  },
}));

export default function MatchingReport(props) {
  const classes = useStyles();

  return (
    <Box className='whole-container'>
      <Container className={classes.root}>
        <Grid container spacing={3}>
          <Grid item xs={7} spacing={2}>
            <Image src={sample3} />
          </Grid>
          <Grid item xs={5}>
            <DynamicBox />
          </Grid>
        </Grid>
      </Container>
    </Box>
  );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are many important things to say about relations between Italy and Albania, but "Albania-Italy 1994-2002, a Comparison" misses most of them. Italian director Giuseppe M. Gaudino's imaginative editing becomes repetitive as he lacks enough filmed material to work with. The film cries for more recent first-hand impressions.
There are many important things to say about relations between Italy and Albania, but "Albania-Italy 1994-2002, a Comparison" misses most of them. Italian director Giuseppe M. Gaudino's imaginative, slightly dreamy editing becomes numbingly repetitive as he lacks enough filmed material to work with. His crew visited Albania only once, during the country's traumatic transition from communism to capitalism in 1994; the film cries for more recent first-hand impressions. Instead, it intercuts interviews with young immigrants living in a refugee camp in southern Italy. This apples and oranges approach makes for a dry and disconnected film.
Gaudino, who offered a rich personal view of his native Naples in his feature "Moonspins Between Land and Sea" (1997), shows compassion for the ordeals of the Albanian people. The boys at a refugee center in Lecce (faces obscured) patiently await their 18th birthdays, when they may or may not be sent home. The Albanian footage underlines the country's poverty and desolation — coal mines once used as labor camps, a stray dog eating the entrails out of a dead donkey lying on the roadside. With images like this, Epsilon Indi's tragic music is rather redundant.
Production: A Gaundri production. (International sales: Far Sun Film Ltd., Hong Kong.) Produced by Isabella Sandri. Directed, written, edited by Giuseppe M. Gaudino.
Crew: Camera (color, DVcam/miniDV/Super8), Isabella Sandri; music, Epsilon Indi; sound, Sandri. Reviewed at Venice Film Festival (New Territories), Aug. 31, 2003. Running time: 109 MIN.


One will be able to set daily time limits and mute push notifications using the new features.
Most social media platforms are taking steps to ensure the digital wellbeing of their users and keeping this in mind, Instagram has introduced a new "Your Activity" feature. The company is now rolling out the new feature that will enable users to track how much time they are spending on the app and alongside viewing the amount of time spent on the app, one can also set daily time limits and there's an option to mute those distracting push notifications temporarily. The options are made for helping users figure out how to limit their usage on the app and can be found in the hamburger icon on the upper right corner of the user's profile page. We found the option enabled on an iPhone but not on out Android-powered handsets, which suggests that Android phone users might have to wait for some time before the feature is made available for them.
Technology companies have realised how addictive and problematic their services can. There are tons of studies that show how excessive social media consumption can be bad for you. Google was one of the first companies to take initiative and announce an activity Dashboard on its Android P OS at this year's Google I/O. Apple then introduced Screen Time on iOS 12 and other companies like Facebook and Instagram have now introduced tools to help users monitor as and manage their time on its platforms.


Intricate solid wood inlays with delicate geometric patterns. Great for adding a decorative touch to jewelry boxes, table tops, picture frames and more. Inlay bandings are easy to apply. Simply rout out a groove with a straight router bit, glue in the banding, sand lightly, and seal. Note: Dimensions are nominal and should be measured before routing the recess for installation.


text:
<?php

namespace app\models;

/**
 * This is the ActiveQuery class for [[\app\models\Localidad]].
 *
 * @see \app\models\Localidad
 */
class LocalidadQuery extends \yii\db\ActiveQuery
{
    /*public function active()
    {
        $this->andWhere('[[status]]=1');
        return $this;
    }*/

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     * @return \app\models\Localidad[]|array
     */
    public function all($db = null)
    {
        return parent::all($db);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     * @return \app\models\Localidad|array|null
     */
    public function one($db = null)
    {
        return parent::one($db);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) this week, Apple put a core focus on iOS 8 and the slew of new features users will benefit from. While many were pondering the possibility of new hardware being announced, it was all software related, introducing developer hooks for the home and health.
On a similar tack, Nikkei also reported that Apple will unveil "new watch-like wearable gear" that will be able to sync up with your iPhone. This unknown device will reportedly sport a curved (OLED) touchscreen display and have the ability to count calorie consumption, monitor your sleep activity, and read blood glucose and blood oxygen levels, and allow you to read your alerts and messages. It will also tell the time.
Apple did not confirm the October date or the possibility of entering the wearable market.


One of the most amazing things about human consciousness is that we experience it as a holistic unified experience. As we interact with the world we see, hear, and smell. We remember. We feel. We think. It's this seamless unification that makes us forget sometimes that all these processes that contribute to our conscious experience are actually separate and distinct processes in the brain. One of these days I'll try to tackle the question of how these processes become unified, but today I want to explore a somewhat simpler question. What is the relationship between the senses and consciousness? Can you even have consciousness without sensory experience? This is a deceptively difficult question, so let's start simply and take a short walk through a little thought experiment.
If we took away any one of our senses, while this would drastically alter the nature of our conscious experience, it wouldn't in any way remove our conscious experience. Blind people and deaf people are still conscious. This seems so obviously true that you might wonder why I even mention it, but we have to start somewhere. Let's move on and make this more complicated.
What if we take away ALL your senses? Imagine that you couldn't see, hear, smell, taste, or feel anything. Not very easy to do, is it? And it shouldn't be, because without our sensory systems transferring stimuli from the world outside our bodies, there would be nothing for our brains to integrate to create our conscious experience. But the difficulty in imagining this state of being isn't the same as saying that there wouldn't be anything that it's like to be in that state being. You would still have your thoughts and memories and the lack of an external world couldn't take that away from you. The underlying nature of this state of consciousness would certainly be mysterious to us. How would you know if you were dreaming or awake? Would you be living in a perpetual dream state? Would you even feel the passage of time? It's arguably impossible for us to speculate on what this existence would be like, but I feel pretty confident in stating that it would be like something.
And so while the questions about this senseless state of existence are many, few would deny the label of consciousness to one in this predicament. But we still haven't been true to the original question we asked ourselves so far. Because for those thoughts and memories to exist in your sensory free consciousness, depends on a history of having intact sensory experiences to be able to interact with the world and develop memories and a thought process. Had you been born without a single functioning sense organ, there would never have been a chance for you realize your potentiality for consciousness. Think about a baby born without any senses whatsoever. What would be going on in its head? What could ever go on in its head? So while this potentiality for consciousness is innate to humans it is only through experience that this potentiality can be realized, and it is only through our sense organs that experience is possible. Without a means of interacting with the world around us, there is nothing available for us to think about. This "aboutness", this intentionality towards the world is the mark of consciousness. So while Descartes was right (I think, therefore I am), let us not forget that to think, I must first sense.
The relevance of this discussion may not be immediately obvious. But this very simple thought experiment actually tells us something very important about the necessary conditions for consciousness to arise (mind you, not sufficient). It is a boundary condition on our theories. It also implies a counterintuitive point. The cognitive sciences tell us that while sensory stimuli originate from outside the body, they are all turned into electrical signals in the central nervous system. We don't actually experience the outside world, what we experience is these internal signals (an oversimplification, but useful enough for this conversation). The Matrix exploited this idea brilliantly, and set up a situation where characters experienced a false world, not by presenting their senses illusory experiences, but by stimulating directly the relevant areas inside the brain, bypassing their external sensory organs completely. But if I just said that sensory experience is needed for consciousness, how are these people consciousness? The answer is tied to the internality of our conscious experience. The important point about sensory systems above can be boiled down to a very oversimplified input-computation-output-repeat system. It is not the sensory systems themselves that are integral (in theory, in practicality, they are all we have), but rather that our sensory systems facilitate interaction. Since this interaction manifests itself as internal interactions within the central nervous system, we can conceive of bypassing these external systems, as long as there was a reliable way to stimulate the internal processes of the brain. This last point may be science fiction now, but it's important to address the ramifications for consciousness if it was possible, since it presses our intuitions about consciousness, and thus helps us clarify some otherwise not so obvious facts.
Exactly. You can't uncouple the mind from the body and think that we are a ghost in a machine. We are defined by our interactions with the world and our reality is defined by our interactions with the world. Even our doubts about existence can only come about because of a sense of our senses.
This understanding that you can't separate the mind from the body actually has more real world implications than one might originally think. (or sense!) Realizing that no mind, or person, is an island is a transformative thought for science, politics, sociology and philosophy. It is an idea that I am sure many would rebel against, but by rebelling against it, you only prove the argument of interconnection truer!
Agreed completely Tony. And there is actually some pretty astute philosophy in your reply that much of the philosophical community ignores (wrongly in my opinion)!
I strongly agree with the thought experiment presented and the conclusion "Without a means of interacting with the world around us, there is nothing available for us to think about".
If one began their life without senses they could not think and so are not concious, the life-form merely reacts chemically and physically with its environment. Therefore is it an important question to ask at what point in our ancestry was conciousness first established?
From the simple compounds first found on the Earth, through to the first formations of DNA and to human beings today, some point exists where 'life' begins from 'non life', as Prof Dawkins would put it (skip to 8:15 ).
(If that hyperlink doesn't work then … skip to 8:15 in the following youtube video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vueDC69jRjE&feature=player_embedded#!) !!
Fantastic question! One without an easy answer. A glimpse lies in where we would go once we accept that interaction is at the root of consciousness. But as you point out, interaction alone is not enough. What you are looking for is the emergence of "representation" in organisms. An organism can interact with it's environment, differentiate one environment from another without being "aware" of anything. This interaction can function like a simple switch. Thermostats, alarm clocks, lawn mowers, bacteria and viruses all interact with their environments and yet we don't think any of them are conscious. This is because they have no way to "represent" the outside world, only interact with it.
I argue that representation is emergent in interaction, but defining how representation works and what physical structures are involved is no easy task. Cognitive science is currently unable to deal with this sort of question, and actually, many of the prominent theories in cognitive science will most likely eventually have to be discarded because not only are they unable to account for representation, they explicitly contradict any theory that takes representation at the level of the brain seriously.
As a clarification of this concept of representation. Think of the visual signal that hits your retina. many theories talk about this as "representing" the outside world. But this signal does no such thing. It's just a wavelength. For it to represent anything takes a knower able to understand what it is. When it is converted to an electrical signal in your brain, it STILL doesn't represent anything, because again, you need a knower to understand that signal. But there is no little knower in the brain, no homunculus, that receives this electrical signal and understands it. Explaining how representation, awareness, understanding, can emerge from the non localized ongoing process of internal central nervous system interactions is at root to explaining the phenomena of consciousness. I'm hopeful that the field will solve this problem in my lifetime, but it may be a mystery that sticks with us for some time.
as an addendum, it's also worth noting representation alone also won't get us to what we think of as consciousness. Lower level organisms might be minimally aware of their environments, have representations, but not be fully conscious in the sense we normally use. I think consciousness is a graded phenomena, and particularly our ability to use language sets our mode of consciousness apart from all other species (and even young children). To continue with the theme started above, the interaction that language allows is in some way the cause of a deeply rich conscious experience unattainable otherwise.
The word consciousness itself is often times problematic and not quite rigorously defined!
I revisited this question and situation after lot of thought about consciousness. I think it is quite tough to know anything about it with absolute surety. However, what has been established is that there are two aspects to Consciousness – One is the Content and the other is Level. When one is asleep then what remains is a reduced level of consciousness with almost no content of consciousness. The senses are in a suspended mode and unless the input from the senses is not considered as a priority or life threatening the reduced level of consciousness continues. So it is obvious that level of consciousness is irrespective of the sense organs. Infact thinking from a slightly broader perspective, life is said to have started way after the big Bang, so in a way Big Bang is the beginning of everything. If Consciousness is the key to life then it should have existed even before the Big Bang and in a way could have been the cause for the Big Bang. So the level of Consciousness is not a function of the content of the consciousness, sense organs or no sense organs.
Hi Raja, I believe you are confusing the necessary conditions for the development of consciousness, with the necessary conditions for continuation of consciousness once it has developed in an organism. Of course we don't need our senses once we have developed consciousness, as I point out in the original post. You could remove all of your senses right now, and you'd still have internal consciousness. But my point is that you need those sensory apparatus to first be able to develop consciousness. Without that sensorimotor interaction, consciousness would never emerge.
To your latter points, your jump from consciousness not needing the senses to function, to consciousness existing before the big bang and even causing it, has no justification. At least not in the context of your above words.
Let me try and understand what you are saying and then, let me try and explain what I was attempting to say.
The consciousness that you are attempting to define is I think, restricted to the birth cycle of an organism. That is, when an organism is born it is without any consciousness. As and as through sensory inputs it experiences the world a consciousness is developed. In a way the sensory inputs are also creating memories and ensuring continuity to the developed consciousness. After such process has taken place and after such memories have been formed if for some reason the organism was to lose faculty of its sense organs and any form of sensory inputs was to be cut off, the consciousness would still continue as it has already developed. In short the memory of sensory inputs that develops consciousness will ensure continuity of consciousness and I will exist as I was before my sense organs stopped functioning. If for some reason a person were to be born with a complete disability of non-functional sense organs then, there would not be any chance for the consciousness to develop and the person would not have no semblance of an "I".
I hope I got what you are saying please correct me if I didn't get it yet.
Now let me come to what I was trying to say. I say that whatever you are talking about while is agreeable but is only talking about "content of consciousness" without touching the factor of "Level of Consciousness". For example when a person is in sleep the sense of I vanishes any memories vanish and sensory inputs also are suspended. Yet, there is a level of consciousness that can be aroused with inputs from sensory organs and the level can be further increased through various ways that don't essentially involve a need for sensory inputs.
In most of the spiritual pursuits, level of consciousness is what is given more importance than content of consciousness. Most of the self-help books, if I could say so, stop at the content of consciousness, however they also are strongly drawing on religious and spiritual masters who have given more importance to level of consciousness. In this regard most spiritual practices talk about the ultimate truth and pure consciousness which is a level of consciousness that is untouched so far by thoughts hence memory. Consciousness is the ultimate goal of human life as per many and yet life started after many million years of matter being created post Big Bang. Matter, Life and Consciousness all seem to be strung together in a confused maze. However if Consciousness is the ultimate goal then consciousness should have preceded life, preceded matter hence preceded Big Bang. So the pure consciousness should be a field, timeless, non-experiential and omnipresent!
Can you even have consciousness without sensory experience?
A senseless state of existence.
it hard to find answers and proper conclusions that I am satisfied. But I commend you Greg for writing this article and also for all those that comment.
So I just focus on the sensory organs and leave consciousness out.
not see the wind. I only see the leaves move, I cannot see the wind.
Using this invisible emptiness to sail ships to other lands.
when all the senses disappear? When all the memories, thoughts, fantasies and imaginations disappear? Have I been this way all along?
If I still exist after all these things leave, then what am I before they came? Am I the same after they leave?
No matter how many movies projected onto the theater screen, the theater screen still blank. It still remain clean and untouched and empty.
The senses did not create or change me. I don't know what create me.
Can the senses tell me, or reveal to me what I am? Therefore what use are the senses? What are our senses used for?
I assume, humbly, that the senses are used to experience what I am not.
Therefore, I am experiencing what I am not; and from experiencing what I am not, I am simultaneously experiencing what I am.
I don't know about that. I'd say that by the time an organism is born it is already conscious, due to the sensory interactions that take place while the organism is in the womb. It might be a very minimal type of consciousness, but I'd say it's probably there. Then as an organism develops and engages in richer interactions, consciousness itself becomes more meaningful. Organisms that can develop language use and symbol manipulation, I think, develop an even richer level of consciousness that allows for self reflection and self awareness, meta-knowledge, etc.
I wouldn't call it the memory of the sensory inputs. In fact, memories, per say, are not relevant to what I'm trying to say. I would say that the past interactions of the organism, which were able to occur given its sensory apparatus, set up a certain causal dynamics in the system, such that were those sensory apparatus to be taken away at some later point in time, the causal dynamics remain such that the organism can be conscious without those continued interactions. The internal interactions are now sufficient.
But if you removed all memories from the organism as well, would it still be conscious? I'm not sure. Without sensory experience there is no phenomenal feel of the world around you. And without memories, you can't conceptualize at all. What would be the nature of thought without anything to think about or anything to feel? It's not clear to me. But I'm willing to not take a hard line just yet on the matter. So the first part of your response, I could likely agree with. Or at least, nothing so far bars me from disagreeing with it.
What does it mean to say that consciousness is a goal of life? Why should it have proceeded life and matter?
Maybe we're talking about two different things here. When I talk about consciousness, I grant that there might be multiple levels, but whichever level we're talking about, at root, what I'm referring to is some sort of subjective experience. Is that what you're referring to?