text:
Tobacco license tender goes live on 1 August
Tobacco license tender goes live on 1 August. (Competition Watch)
Court overturns USD 494 mn arbitration ruling against Damietta Port Authority. (Dispute Watch)
MPs authorize El Sisi to do whatever it takes to solve GERD. (Diplomacy)
House approves harsher penalties for people found guilty of [redacted] harassment. (Legislation Watch)
Rosatom to provide USD 3-4 bn to Egyptian Dabaa contractors. (Energy)
CIB sees net income rise 24% in 2Q. (Earnings Watch)
Egypt joins pan-African pharma regulator. (Covid Watch)
Is there room for the Zabbaleen in Egypt's new waste management system? (Going Green)
Planet Finance— Oil supply looks like it will remain tight through August.
WHAT WE'RE TRACKING TODAY
Good morning, all. We have another packed issue for you this morning, albeit one that is again low on hard business news. Instead, legislation dominates the agenda: with our elected representatives eager to escape to Sahel for the summer recess, the general assembly votes are coming thick and fast. All that and more in the news well, below.
THE BIG STORY INTERNATIONALLY- Nothing is dominating the front pages of the international press this morning. Here's some of the stories that are gaining traction:
Biden plots new trade pact to counter China; The Biden administration is considering a "digital trade agreement" that would bring Indo-Pacific countries into a common area that would harmonize regulations on data usage, trade and electronic customs (Bloomberg).
Back off, Pfizer: US officials are pushing back against Pfizer, which is lobbying for regulators to authorize booster shots as the delta variant spreads across the country. (NYT)
Sounds like Cuba needs some democracy: The US has expressed support for huge demonstrations that took place in Cuba on Sunday that saw thousands take to the streets to protest the government's handling of the economy and the pandemic (Reuters | AP | FT | WSJ)
WHAT'S HAPPENING THIS WEEK-
The EGX will hold its board elections for the 2021-2025 term tomorrow, 14 July. Here's a rundown (pdf) of the candidates vying to fill board positions, updated yesterday after Porto Group Chairman Gamal Fathallah withdrew from the race.
Expect a decision on fuel prices in the coming days: The government's fuel pricing committee has been in talks since the beginning of the month over whether to raise, cut or leave on hold fuel prices during 3Q2021. We were expecting to hear something yesterday but a government official had suggested that a decision could instead be made later in the month.
***CATCH UP QUICK with the top stories from yesterday's edition of EnterprisePM:
Gold exploration contracts inked: The government signed four new gold exploration contracts worth more than USD 17 mn with Sukkari operator Centamin and Canada's B2Gold.
Yodawy raises USD 7.5 mn series B funding: Yodawy landed USD 7.5 mn in a series B funding round led by Algebra Ventures, Beirut-based Middle East Venture Partners and UAE-based VC firm Global Ventures.
GEMS goes to Somabay: GEMS, EFG Hermes, and the Sovereign Fund of Egypt's Egypt Education Platform will develop and operate a GEMS International School in Soma Bay.
CIRCLE YOUR CALENDAR-
Check out our full calendar on the web for a comprehensive listing of upcoming news events, national holidays and news triggers.
*** It's Going Green day — your weekly briefing of all things green in Egypt: Enterprise's green economy vertical focuses each Tuesday on the business of renewable energy and sustainable practices in Egypt, everything from solar and wind energy through to water, waste management, sustainable building practices and how you can make your business greener, whatever the sector.
In today's issue: The government is planning to integrate informal waste collectors into its new waste management system by employing them as private sector contractors. But waste collectors mainly rely on service fees and tips from households, as well as selling sorted waste to recyclers and manufacturers. All that may be put at risk, they believe, with the implementation of the new system, which could threaten a way of life that has existed for hundreds of years.
COMPETITION WATCH
Tobacco license tender to be rolled out on 1 August
Tobacco license tender goes live in August: Tobacco players will be able to bid for a license to establish Egypt's second major tobacco company from 1 August in the second iteration of a tender that was pulled earlier this year after attracting criticism for containing unfair terms, Al Shorouk reports. The Industrial Development Authority (IDA) has now revised the conditions booklet and plans to open the tender for bidding at the beginning of next month, Federation of Egyptian Industries' (FEI) tobacco division Ibrahim Imbaby told the newspaper.
Take one: The conditions booklet has been redrafted by the government more than two months after several tobacco players filed a couple of complaints with the FEI, the IDA and the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA), alleging that the license would provide preferential treatment to current tobacco monopoly Eastern Company and would set up a new monopoly over e-cigarettes and heated tobacco. Under the first tender, the new market entrant would have had to price its products 50% higher than Eastern, and allow the state company to own a 24% stake.
Take two: The new terms slash the number of cigarettes the company will have to produce to 1 bn each year, down from 15 bn in the original tender. The government has also agreed to issue more licenses following the tender, scrapping a rule that would have prevented new licenses in the decade following the tender.
One controversial condition doesn't seem to have changed: Eastern Company will still own 24% of the new market entrant, according to Al Shorouk.
And we're still none the wiser about the others: We don't know whether the new company would still be required to effectively price itself out of the market, nor is it clear how the new conditions would prevent an emerging e-cigarettes monopoly.
The potential bidders: JTI-Nakhla Tobacco, British American Tobacco Egypt, Imperial Tobacco and Al Mansour International Distribution Company were all invited to bid in March but it's unclear which will submit bids under the new conditions.
DISPUTE WATCH
Court overturns USD 494 mn arbitration ruling against Damietta Port Authority
The Cairo Court of Cassation has overturned an International Court of Arbitration (ICC) ruling against Damietta Port Authority that had obliged it to pay USD 494 mn in compensation to the Damietta International Ports Company (DIPCO), according to a statement (pdf).
The ruling is the latest development in a five-year-old dispute between the two sides over the termination of a contract to construct a container terminal at Damietta Port, after the ICC tribunal had slapped last year the DPA with the fine. The DPA had initially lost its appeal against the fine in December 2020 after the Cairo Court of Appeals upheld the ICC's ruling. DIPCO was awarded the contract in 2006, which was then annulled in 2015 by DPA, who claimed DIPCO had failed to adhere to the agreed time frame.
Advisors: Cairo-based Youssef & Partners and US-based Crowell & Moring represented DIPCO in the arbitration, while Sarie ElDin & Partners represented DPA. MAS law firm also acted for DIPCO in the litigation, while Sarie El Din & Partners acted for DPA.
INVESTMENT WATCH-
The Transport Ministry is reportedly set to sign in September or October new contracts with Italy's Eurogate for the management and operation of the container terminal, sources close to the agreement told Enterprise yesterday. The first phase of the project should cost EUR 700 mn, of which Eurogate will pay EUR 400 mn and the DPA funding the remainder. The second phase of the terminal's development should also include the extension of several rail lines from various sea and land ports to the terminal, and will take place starting 2025, the sources said.
MPs authorize El Sisi to do whatever it takes to solve GERD
Lawmakers have authorized President Abdel Fattah El Sisi to do whatever is necessary to protect Egypt's water security from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, Youm7 reports. The mandate appears to allow the presidency to take any measure he chooses — up to and including military action — to mitigate the dam's threat to Egypt's water supply. MPs quoted by the paper said it is important that El Sisi is able to act at his discretion to solve the crisis, and said that the Egyptian people are against Ethiopia's filling of the dam and support measures being taken to prevent it.
A dead-end at the UN: The move comes a few days after Egypt and Sudan failed to get the backing of the UN Security Council on the GERD. The two countries spent much of last week lobbying the council to condemn Ethiopia's decision to unilaterally fill the dam and pressure it to return to the negotiating table with different mediators. But in a meeting last Thursday, members declined to take Egypt's side, instead reiterating their support for the current African Union-led process and calling on all sides to re-enter talks. The president hasn't made any public statements about the GERD crisis since the meeting.
The Europeans don't sound like they're about to flex their diplomatic muscle: In a statement yesterday, EU foreign ministers expressed "regret" that Ethiopia had chosen to continue filling the dam and called its actions "unhelpful," but refrained from taking a stronger position on the dispute. Ministers appeared to rule out acting as mediators in the dispute, and instead expressed support for the AU process, calling on all three sides to resume talks.
The EU has been Egypt's latest focus: Shoukry has been in Brussels for the past two days holding talks with European foreign ministers, European Council president Charles Michel, and Nato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg. El Sisi is also scheduled to visit Brussels soon, Shoukry told Al Ghad TV last night (watch, runtime 7:00).
So back to the AU? The AU will present new ideas for resuming the negotiating process and resolving the impasse, Shoukry said during a separate interview on Ala Mas'ouleety last night (watch, runtime 16:18).
Why Russia and China didn't back us: Al Shorouk Editor-in-Chief Emad El Din Hussein told Al Kahera Wal Nas last night that Russia's neutral position at the council was surprising, but suggested that its trying to expand its influence in Ethiopia as part of great power competition with the US (watch, runtime 10:11). As for China, Hussein noted that many of Ethiopia's developmental projects are being carried out by Chinese companies, and that Beijing prefers to keep the GERD issue away from the council because of this.
GERD is getting attention in the foreign press this morning, with articles in the National and the UK Independent warning that Egypt and Sudan are running out of diplomatic options after the UN Security Council last week refused to condemn Ethiopia's unilateral filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The two countries had few backers on the council, with Russia warning them against "escalation of confrontational rhetoric," and the US hesitant to get involved in the issue. This, analysts say, may force Cairo and Khartoum to either reenter negotiations on Ethiopia's terms or take military action.
LEGISLATION WATCH
A busy day in the House
People found guilty of [redacted] harassment will now face tougher penalties after the House of Representatives yesterday approved amendments to the penal code, Youm7 reports. Under the old law, offenders would receive a minimum one-year jail sentence and a EGP 10k-20k fine. The amendments raise the sentences significantly, handing harassers minimum five-year prison terms and fines worth EGP 200k-300k. Minimum seven-year jail sentences will be handed to people who collaborate with others, use weapons or have professional or personal authority over the victim. Reuters also took note of the story.
But some are questioning how the law will be enforced: Women's rights groups have welcomed the stronger laws, but warned that the penalties won't mean much unless they are enforced and awareness is raised about the issues of harassment, Reuters reports.
Lawmakers also gave their final approval to amendments that hand the presidency the authority to dismiss state employees without disciplinary action, Al Shorouk reports. The amendments to the Civil Service Act would allow those with suspected links with any terrorist organization to be temporarily suspended from their positions for up to six months and have half of their pay docked while an investigation is conducted. Employees will be permanently fired if these links are proven correct but will be able to appeal the decision before administrative courts. The bill was initially approved by the House in late June and came in response to several rail incidents, which Transport Minister Kamel El Wazir claimed were due to "extremist elements" in the Railways Authority. The story got coverage in Reuters and TRT World.
ALSO GETTING THE HOUSE'S APPROVAL
Amendments obliging cotton ginners to record the quantity and quality of their cotton supplies and make records available to the Cotton Arbitration and Testing General Organization. Those who are in violation may have their supplies seized, and could face up to six months in jail, or pay a fine ranging from EGP 100k to EGP 1 mn.
Amendments to several internal parliamentary regulations governing fund management, the process of delegating a deputy in the absence of the house speaker, and giving the cabinet the authority to refer draft bills to the senate before they are discussed by the lower house
The extension of the state of emergency for another three months.
Rubles for Dabaa contractors
Rosatom will provide between USD 3-4 bn to several Egyptian contractors working at the site of the Dabaa nuclear power plant as soon as permits are issued and construction begins, the company's Chief Sustainability Officer Polina Lion told a presser yesterday, according to a press release (pdf).
The contractors: Hassan Allam Construction, Arab Contractors and Petrojet have all been awarded contracts to begin work preparing the site ahead of construction.
The permits: We're not sure when we can expect approval on these. The Nuclear Power Plants Authority has only recently handed to the regulator the licensing documents to construct the first two reactors. Construction will begin as soon as the permits have been granted, Rosatom said last week.
We're running a year behind schedule: Construction work was slated to begin in the second half of last year but there appear to have been delays regarding the construction permits. Last year, it was said that the first 1.2 GW reactor would be up and running by 2026 and the remaining units coming online during FY2028-2029.
The plant: Russia's state-owned nuclear giant was contracted in 2015 to construct the 4.8 GW nuclear plant — located 184 km west of Alexandria. The facility is costing in the region of USD 30 bn, 85% of which is being financed through a USD 25 bn loan from Russia, with Egypt scheduled to begin repaying the sum with 3% interest in October 2029.
IN OTHER ENERGY NEWS-
Snam boss in town to talk green hydrogen: The CEO of Italian energy company Snam Marco Alvera was in Cairo yesterday for talks with Prime Minister Moustafa Madbouly over potential investments in renewable energy projects such as green hydrogen production, the cabinet said in a statement, without providing further details.
Snam isn't the first industry player to show interest in green hydrogen in Egypt: Siemens is working on a pilot project to produce green hydrogen in Egypt, while Eni is producing feasibility studies on green and blue hydrogen production. South Korea's Hyundai Rotem has also discussed the subject with government officials.
This is part of a USD 3-4 bn plan that could see the construction of several green hydrogen plants. Hydrogen could be used as an alternative source of fuel for the power industry and be exported abroad, with aims to integrate it into its 2035 energy strategy.
CIB net income up 24% in 2Q
CIB's net income rose 24% y-o-y in 2Q2021, reaching EGP 3.21 bn from EGP 2.6 bn in the same period last year, according to the bank's quarterly financials (pdf) released yesterday. A 24% rise in fee and commission income offset a drop in net interest income, helping overall revenues to rise slightly to EGP 6.36 bn. The bank's interest income fell 4% to just above EGP 6 bn, which the bank attributed to maturities on high-yielding bonds previously purchased.
The bank attributed revenue growth to "robust deposit growth," and an "impressive revival in corporate lending" thanks in part to a rise in trade finance and forex trading activities, it said in a separate statement (pdf). Its gross loan portfolio grew 9% to EGP 149 bn during the first six months of the year, while loan loss provisions fell by more than 50% from 1H2020.
What management said: "Building on a strong first quarter of the year, CIB continued to outperform in the second quarter of 2021, which further saw notable growth in the Bank's balance sheet, particularly in local currency. Local currency deposits grew steadily throughout the quarter, and local currency loans increased by 14%, adding EGP 13 bn in the quarter, back to the all-time high growth levels of early 2017."
Higher education outfit Taaleem Management Services reported a 20% increase in its bottom line to EGP 98.9 mn during the third quarter of its fiscal year, compared to EGP 82.8 mn last year, according to the company's quarterly financials (pdf). This came on the back of a 58% surge in revenues, which climbed to EGP 267.4 mn during the three-month period from EGP 169.2 mn. The company's fiscal year runs September-August. Taaleem debuted on EGX last April, ending a nearly two-year-long IPO drought.
ENTERPRISE+: LAST NIGHT'S TALK SHOWS
GERD was still the king and queen of talk shows yesterday night: Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry had an interview with Ala Mas'ouleety's Ahmed Moussa to update us on his visit to Brussels for talks with EU foreign ministers (watch, runtime 16:18). Kelma Akhira's Lamees Al Hadidi covered Shoukry's meeting with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg (watch, runtime 4:46). We have more on the story in the news well, above.
ALSO ON TALK SHOWS- An initiative to treat spinal muscular atrophy patients at no charge got attention: Health Minister Hala Zayed talked to El Hekaya's Amr Adib to reveal latest updates on the initiative (watch, runtime 2:11 I 3:10). Egypt has set up 24 clinics for the patients including two in Cairo, she noted. Some 8 cases out of the 25 screened are eligible for treatment. The initiative also got coverage in Kelma Akira (watch, runtime 3:58) and Al Hayah Al Youm (watch, runtime 13:37).
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EGYPT IN THE NEWS
GERD is the biggest story on a slow morning in the foreign press as far as Egypt's concerned. We have more on this in this morning's Diplomacy section.
Human rights: US officials appear to have agreed with Egyptian authorities in 2015 to jail activist Mohamed Soltan after his release by Egypt, according to a leaked document seen by Politico.
Culture: Xinhua looks at the ongoing Cairo International Book Fair, which is seeing high turnout despite covid-19 precautions.
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ALSO ON OUR RADAR
Other things we're keeping an eye on this morning:
Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank Egypt will set up a company to issue corporate sukuk and is expected to receive three requests for offerings after the Eid break, which sources say will come from Palm Hills and Wadi Degla.
Banque Misr has formally applied to the Kenyan central bank for a license to open an office in Nairobi.
Banque du Caire will launch a digital financing program for micro and small firms in 3Q2021.
Three companies will bid for a contract to deepen the Damietta Port in a tender that will be launched "in the coming period."
Egypt becomes member of African Medicines Agency
Egypt has signed up to the African Medicines Agency (AMA) treaty, Health Minister Hala Zayed said yesterday. The AMA aims to unify medical regulations among African countries, and improve access to medicines. The treaty came into force in March of last year, after 15 countries signed up.
This could help facilitate Egyptian vaccine exports to the rest of the continent. Egypt hopes to produce as many as 80 mn doses of the Chinese Sinovac vaccine by the end of the year, and could soon have an agreement in place to locally manufacture the Oxford / AstraZeneca shot.
The Health Ministry reported 110 new covid-19 infections yesterday, down from 117 the day before. Egypt has now disclosed a total of 283,212 confirmed cases of covid-19. The ministry also reported seven new deaths, bringing the country's total death toll to 16,403.
IN GLOBAL COVID NEWS-
Some 550 mn Sinovac, Sinopharm doses could be heading to Covax (by this time next year): Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has bought 110 mn vaccines from Sinovac and Sinopharm for delivery between July and October, and has the option of purchasing a further 440 mn shots that would be shipped during 4Q2021 and the first half of 2022, it said in a statement yesterday. The Covax facility will start making the 110 mn jabs available "immediately," Gavi said, without disclosing which countries can expect to receive shipments.
Is Covax now relying on China to hit its targets? The program is far behind on its target to supply 1.8 bn doses by early next year, shipping only 106 mn since it began the rollout earlier this year. Reuters and Bloomberg have coverage of the story.
The initiative has so far delivered 2.6 mn of the 4.5 mn shots allocated to Egypt, with the final 1.9 mn-dose batch set to arrive this month including a 250k-jab batch of the Oxford / AstraZeneca vaccine as soon as mid-week.
Rising delta cases have countries considering the need for booster shots: Israel, the most vaccinated country in the world against covid, is now offering some citizens third doses of the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine as case rates rise due to the highly-infectious delta variant. For now, only at-risk adults will be offered the booster shot, but policymakers are also considering expanding it to more members of the public. The story got digital ink in the global press: FT I Bloomberg I Reuters.
The US and UK are also debating whether to introduce booster shots: Pfizer is discussing with the US its request for a federal approval of a third booster dose, while Britain is also eyeing a possible booster program in the fall.
But the WHO is calling on rich countries to hand these vaccines to the under-vaccinated global south: World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has called on developed countries to hold off on booster shots while poor countries still haven't immunized most of their populations. "Some countries and regions are actually ordering mns of booster doses, before other countries have had supplies to vaccinate their health workers and most vulnerable," he said, calling the gap "hugely uneven and inequitable." The story got coverage in Reuters and Associated Press.
Saudi Arabia will give Tunisia 1 mn vaccines as the country's healthcare system struggles to cope with a surge in covid cases. The Saudi Press Agency said yesterday that 190 ventilators, 319 oxygen concentrators and other equipment will be sent.
PLANET FINANCE
Oil supply looks like it will remain tight through August: Saudi Arabia and the UAE have both fixed supply volumes for August, meaning that even if the two countries did find a way to resolve their dispute and agree to raise production, it's unlikely the market will see new supply next month, Bloomberg suggests. Complicating matters further is Eid Al Adha, which will see most government offices and businesses closed next week, likely delaying the next OPEC+ gathering until the end of the month or early August.
This will likely mean at least another two weeks of uncertainty for the market, with participants unsure about whether new supply will be made available or even when producers will next meet to discuss the matter. The price of Brent has fallen a little over 1% since before the ill-fated meeting last Monday, now hovering above USD 75/bbl. But with no extra barrels hitting the market, supply remains tight, making higher prices in the coming days and weeks a distinct possibility.
Not that this is a bad outcome for the GCC, whose economies stand to benefit from higher oil prices, Daman Investments head of asset management Ali El Adou told Bloomberg. "The market is trying to price in a [agreement] from OPEC+, although we're still seeing higher demand for oil, and this is impacting GCC economies positively," El Adou said. With high vaccination rates across most GCC nations, economies are set to imminently reopen, and GCC banks can expect to see gains, while balance sheets could reflect surpluses if oil remains high.
Also worth noting this morning;
Saudi green bonds coming in 4Q: Saudi sovereign fund the Public Investment Fund plans to go ahead with its first green bond issuance in 4Q2021, banking sources told CNBC Arabia without providing further information.
China's economy is slowing: China's GDP is now expected to slow to 8% in 2Q, from a record 18.3% in the first quarter, leading Bloomberg to warn that this should be a wakeup call to other countries to not assume that their economies have entirely escaped the shock of the pandemic.
ByteDance's IPO has been shelved indefinitely, perhaps under pressure from Chinese regulators. According to the Wall Street Journal, the Tiktok owner abandoned its IPO plans after regulators told it that it needs to focus on improving data-security risks. The news comes a week after Beijing launched a probe into newly US-listed ride-hailing firm Didi and forced tech companies to remove its app from their stores.
EGX30 10,234 +0.8% (YTD: -5.6%)
USD (CBE) Buy 15.64 Sell 15.74
USD at CIB Buy 15.64 Sell 15.74
Interest rates CBE 8.25% deposit 9.25% lending
Tadawul 10,698 +0.1% (YTD: +23.1%)
ADX 7,022 +0.4% (YTD: +39.2%)
DFM 2,758 -0.1% (YTD: +10.7%)
S&P 500 4,384 +0.4% (YTD: +16.7%)
FTSE 100 7,125 +0.1% (YTD: +10.3%)
Brent crude USD 75.17 -0.5%
Natural gas (Nymex) USD 3.75 +2.0%
Gold USD 1,805.90 -0.3%
BTC USD 32,905 -4.5% (as of midnight)
THE CLOSING BELL-
The EGX30 rose 0.8% at yesterday's close on turnover of EGP 1.19 bn (2.1% below the 90-day average). Regional investors were net buyers. The index is down 5.6% YTD.
In the green: EFG Hermes (+3.3%), Telecom Egypt (+2.8%) and Orascom Financial Holding (+2.1%).
In the red: Palm Hills Development (-2.7%), Export Development Bank of Egypt (-1.3%) and MM Group (-1.1%).
Asian markets are up in early trading this morning and futures suggest that US shares will fall in early trading. European shares are mixed, with the FTSE and the Dax both expected to fall while other European bourses see early gains.
Ethiopia and Russia are firming up their military alliance: Ethiopia and Russia signed "various agreements" that will strengthen military ties between the two countries, the Ethiopian News Agency reported yesterday. The agreements, signed during a three-day bilateral military meeting, will "modernize the army's capacity with knowledge, skills and technology," Ethiopian Defense Minister Martha Luiji said.
Lebanese leaders to face EU sanctions as economic crisis intensifies: The EU plans to impose sanctions on senior Lebanese politicians in a bid to pressure them to form a government and agree to economic reforms vital for pulling the country out of one of the most serious financial crises in its history, Reuters reports. The French-led move could see a sanctions framework agreed by the end of July, though it remains unclear when it could be introduced.
Is there room for the Zabbaleen in Egypt's new waste management system? Following the ratification of the new Waste Management Act last October, the Local Development Ministry kicked off the second phase of its municipal solid waste management system, which focuses on securing contracts with the private sector for the collection, transportation, treatment, recycling and safe disposal of waste. This new system, although touted as a solution to a fragmented industry, leaves very little room for the informal garbage collectors known colloquially as the Zabbaleen.
So with those companies in place, we ask ourselves: What will happen to the Zabbaleen? The government is planning to integrate them into the system simply as employees working under private sector contractors. But waste collectors mainly rely on service fees and tips from households, as well as selling sorted waste to recyclers and manufacturers. All that may be put at risk, they believe, with the implementation of the new system, threatening a way of life that had been around since the 17th century.
It wasn't always either one way or the other: The government had previously tried to turn to the private sector to put a structure to an already fragmented industry, but structural problems had gotten in the way. The process then mainly depended on over 7.2k waste managers and companies registered at the General Authority for Investment (GAFI), of which some are contracted with the Cairo Cleaning and Beautification Authority (CCBA). Those companies are in charge of and supervise Zabbaleen in certain areas. The latter would collect waste from households, factories and shops, sort it, sell recyclable goods — such as cans, plastic bottles and cartons — and then dispose of the rest.
So why did the government decide to do away with this middle ground? Mainly, because there was little oversight over the activities of the contracted companies and their operations. The companies that were contracted were mostly SMEs registered with GAFI, but they were not licensed and compliant with regulations from the Waste Management Regulatory Authority (WMRA), WRMA deputy head Yasser Mahgoub tells us. This regulatory entanglement, coupled with very little coordination between various agencies on how the system would operate led to the change, Mahgoub told Ahram Gate.
Zabbaleen actually handle a lot of garbage: Informal garbage collectors collect about 50% of municipal waste while the private sector contractors handle the other 30%, CEO of Nestlé Egypt Moataz Al Hout tells us. Nestlé had launched its DORNA initiative with CID Consulting and the Environment Ministry in October 2020, incentivizing garbage collectors to collect recyclable plastic in exchange for money. The remaining 20% is directly collected by municipal authorities of Cairo and Giza.
Now, the WRMA is planning to eliminate Zabbaleen as independent workers by making private contractors hire them. "We are trying to formalize an informal sector," Mahgoub tells us. The authority is looking to oblige the private sector companies contracted by the government to hire WMRA-registered waste collectors.
There are 2k garbage collectors registered at the WMRA, but that isn't enough: Only about 2k garbage collectors are reportedly registered at the newly established authority, and while Mahgoub did not verify the figure, he believes that the registered amount is still way below what is needed.
A drop in the ocean: Greater Cairo has six informal recycling communities that are home to approximately 250k people, with around 95% of them involved in waste collection and recycling, Al Hout tells us. CEO of waste management company Reliance Investments Karim Elsabee says that about 180k families in Greater Cairo work in the waste management industry, but they now mainly focus on sorting, rather than collection. The decrease in collectors goes back to not allowing garbage collectors to have pigs anymore. A research paper published in 2015 suggests that there are between 50k-70k garbage collectors living in seven districts in Cairo.
So how is the WRMA attracting informal garbage collectors? Employment benefits, for one. The contracted company will compensate newly formalized garbage collectors for the waste they collect, based on its type and weight, and offer other employment incentives, depending on the company, according to Mahgoub.
Getting them to start their own businesses: Registered collectors will also get loans at lower interest rates to open SME waste management companies. This will be funded by the WMRA by collecting 25% of each governorate's real estate taxes and 15% from the government's Services and Local Development Fund, he says.
And how do informal garbage collectors feel about that? Not too well: Informal collectors mainly relied on service fees and tips from those households, as well as selling sorted waste to recyclers and manufacturers. If the household cleaning fees go to contractors under the new system, they will likely not pay tips to informal collectors, head of the Garbage Collectors Syndicate Shehata El Moqades says.
Selling sorted waste may be off the table: Most companies contracted by the government are responsible for recycling and disposing of waste. This would take away from one of the main income streams the informal garbage collectors have today. Currently, the Zabbaleen communities recycle over 80% of what they collect, Al Hout says.
Some private sector players agree with their argument. The monthly salaries offered by the companies may be much less than what they already earn, and it therefore doesn't make sense for them to register for the scheme, founder and chairman of EnviroTaqa Metwalli El Noubi tells us.
Other initiatives from the private sector could make a difference: Nestlé's EGP 11 mn DORNA initiative provides EGP 900 per collected plastic tonne to waste collectors, and since launching in October 2020 has registered more than 1.3k waste collectors and recycled some 15k tonnes of plastic. PepsiCo, Al Ahram Beverages, Unilever, P&G and Coke have also joined the initiative, making it likely that programs such as this may proliferate.
So what do the Zabbaleen want? The private companies should be responsible for cleaning and collecting garbage from the streets, while the garbage collectors should be responsible for collecting from households, El Moqades tells us. Only a few people actually go the extra mile to throw their garbage in publicly available trash cans in the street, he says. The companies can collect and sort the garbage that people decide to throw in the streets and in those garbage bins, while waste collectors focus on collecting and sorting garbage that comes from homes. That way, everyone gets to handle the garbage they collect, he adds. "But whatever the government wants, we will follow," El Moqades states.
Your top climate stories for the week:
Eni will work on feasibility studies to produce green and blue hydrogen under an MoU signed with state-owned Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS).
Green debt issuance is on the rise in MENA after the value of green and sustainability-linked debt sales in the MENA region rose by 38% y-o-y in the first six months of 2021.
EFG Hermes announced the first USD 200 mn close of its Vortex Energy IV renewable energy fund, whose pipeline includes USD 2 bn of projects and companies in Europe and the US.
Egypt has applied for construction permits for the first two units of Dabaa nuclear power plant, with a "full-scale construction" to commence on the USD 30 bn plant once the permit has been granted.
Taqa Arabia subsidiary Taqa Power will install two solar facilities worth USD 4 mn in Somabay, which will produce a combined 5 MW of power.
July: The government's fuel pricing committee will meet to announce 3Q prices.
14 July (Wednesday): The EGX will hold board elections for the 2021-2025 term.
Mid-July: Legislative session expected to end.
19 July (Monday): Arafat Day (national holiday).
21 July (Wednesday): Clean Energy Business Council's webinar Women entrepreneurs in clean energy (3pm)
20-23 July (Tuesday-Friday): Eid Al Adha (national holiday).
23 July (Friday): Revolution Day (national holiday).
23 July-11 August (Friday-Wednesday): Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
2-4 August (Monday-Wednesday): Egypt is hosting the Africa Food Manufacturing exhibition at the Egypt International Exhibition Center.
5 August (Thursday): The CBE's Monetary Policy Committee will meet to review interest rates.
9 August (Monday): Islamic New Year.
12 August (Thursday): National holiday in observance of the Islamic New Year.
3-5 September (Friday-Sunday): The World Karate Federation will hold the third competition of the 2021 Karate 1-Premier League in Cairo.
12-15 September (Sunday-Wednesday): Sahara Expo: the 33rd International Agricultural Exhibition for Africa and the Middle East.
15 September (Wednesday): The CFO Leadership & Strategy Summit is taking place in Egypt.
16 September (Thursday): The CBE's Monetary Policy Committee will meet to review interest rates.
30 September-2 October (Thursday-Saturday): Egypt Projects 2021 expo, Egypt International Exhibition Center, Cairo, Egypt.
30 September-8 October (Thursday-Friday): The Cairo International Fair, Cairo International Conference Center, Cairo, Egypt.
30 September: Closing of 2021's first oil and gas tender in the Gulf of Suez, Western Desert, and the Mediterranean.
1 October (Friday): Businesses importing goods at seaports will need to file shipping documents and cargo data digitally to the Advance Cargo Information (ACI) system.
1 October (Friday): Expo 2020 Dubai opens.
6 October (Wednesday): Armed Forces Day.
7 October (Thursday): National holiday in observance of Armed Forces Day.
12-14 October (Tuesday-Thursday): Mediterranean Offshore Conference, Alexandria, Egypt.
18 October (Monday): Prophet's Birthday.
21 October (Thursday): National holiday in observance of the Prophet's Birthday.
24-28 October (Sunday-Thursday) Cairo Water Week, Cairo, Egypt.
27-28 October (Wednesday-Thursday) Intelligent Cities Exhibition & Conference, Royal Maxim Palace Kempinski, Cairo, Egypt.
28 October (Thursday): The CBE's Monetary Policy Committee will meet to review interest rates.
30 October – 4 November (Saturday-Thursday): The first edition of Race The Legends, Egypt.
1-3 November (Monday-Wednesday): Egypt Energy exhibition on power and renewable energy, Egypt International Exhibition Center, Cairo, Egypt.
November: Egypt will host another round of talks to reach a potential Egyptian-Eurasian trade agreement, which can significantly contribute to increasing the volume of Egyptian exports to the Russia-led bloc that includes Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
1-12 November (Monday-Friday): 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Glasgow, United Kingdom.
29 November-2 December (Monday-Thursday): Egypt Defense Expo.
12-14 December (Sunday-Tuesday): Food Africa Cairo trade exhibition, Egypt International Exhibition Center, Cairo, Egypt.
13-17 December: United Nations Convention against Corruption, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
16 December (Thursday): The CBE's Monetary Policy Committee will meet to review interest rates.
14-16 February 2022 (Monday-Wednesday): Egypt Petroleum Show, Egypt International Exhibition Center, New Cairo, Egypt.
1H2022: The World Economic Forum annual meeting, location TBD.
May 2022: Investment in Logistics Conference, Cairo, Egypt.
27 June-3 July 2022 (Monday-Sunday): World University Squash Championships, New Giza.
**Note to readers: Some national holidays may appear twice above. Since 2020, Egypt has observed most mid-week holidays on Thursdays regardless of the day on which they fall and may also move those days to Sundays. We distinguish below between the actual holiday and its observance.


1Where a person who is a shareholder has contravened one or more relevant transparency provisions (as defined in section 89NA(11) of the Act) in respect of shares in a company admitted to trading on a regulated market and the FCA considers the breach to be serious, the FCA may apply to the Court for an order suspending that person's voting rights as set out in section 89NA of the Act.
1Decisions about whether to apply to the Court for a voting rights suspension order under the Act will be made by the RDC Chairman or, if the Chairman is not available, by an RDC Deputy Chairman.
1In deciding whether to apply for a voting rights suspension order, the FCA will consider all the relevant circumstances of the case, and in particular will have regard to the factors listed in 89NA(4) of the Act.


text:
Calories in extra large egg
Posted on 24.08.2019 by Yolette L.
Calories in an egg
Extra Large Egg
Egg Nutrition Facts Labels
There are 85 calories in 1 extra large Egg. Get full nutrition facts and other common serving sizes of Egg including 1 oz and 1 small.
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When you visit a website, you are of course observable by the site itself, but you are also observable by third-party trackers that the site embeds in its code. You might be sur At the present time, egg is a very healthy food. A person can eat it for various purposes: Someone needs to get rid of excess weight, someone tries to keep himself in shape, and, on the contrary, try to increase the mass of the muscles Are there. Chicken eggs are needed to achieve any of these goals. A protein is particularly noticeable. Everyone has heard that misuse of the yolk is not recommended, because it contains lots of cholesterol.
There are so many ways to prepare eggs that it's hard not to love them. The calories in an egg are low and healthy egg macros support including them in a nutritious diet. But hard-boiled egg calories are different than scrambled egg calories and fried egg calories. So it's important to take preparation method into consideration when understanding egg nutrition. Eggs are a low-carb food, providing less than one gram of carbohydrate.
The exact number depends on the size of an egg. You can expect a small egg to have slightly fewer than 72 calories and an extra-large egg to.
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Yes No. There are on average between 55 and 80 calories in an egg depending on its size. For details of all sizes see below. The calories in an egg will vary depending on the size and how it is prepared. However, on average a single medium-sized egg will contain around 65 calories, an average small egg will contain around 55 calories and an average large egg around 80 calories. Most of these calories come from the yolk, which is the particularly nutrient dense part of the egg and includes many essential vitamins and minerals. Below is a list of full calorie values in various sizes of an egg.
The closer a food is to the right edge of the map, the more essential nutrients per calorie it contains. For a more nutritious diet, select foods that fall on the right half of the map. The closer a food is to the top edge of the map, the more likely it is to fill you up with fewer calories.
If you're looking for a healthy breakfast, you can't really go wrong with an egg. That's because egg nutrition is hard to beat. It's a complete protein that's dense with nutrients. But how many calories are in an egg? According to the American Egg Board, a single, large egg has 70 calories. The number of calories in an egg can vary, though, depending on the size of the egg. And yes, the larger the egg, the more calories it has.
Eggs are an incredibly versatile food. From scrambled to poached, there are many ways to cook an egg exactly the way you like. Since you might be eating eggs on a regular basis, any health-conscious person should know about their nutrition. Fortunately, eggs are healthier and lower in calories than most people think! A large egg weighs 50 grams g.
One large 53g Grade-A egg contains 6g of protein and only 70 calories. Eggs are one of the few foods considered to be a complete protein, because they contain all 9 essential amino acids. This includes a variety of protein sources, such as meat, poultry, fish, beans and eggs. Eggs are not only an excellent source of high quality protein, but they also contain many vitamins and minerals:. Healthy adults can enjoy an egg every day without increasing their risk of heart disease. According to the American Heart Association, lutein found in egg yolks also protects against the progress of early heart disease.
How Many Calories Are in An Egg? And Why You Should Eat More Eggs?
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4 thoughts on "Calories in extra large egg"
Sarahblair414 on 30.08.2019 at 04:51 said:
Comprehensive nutrition resource for Essential Everyday Extra Large Eggs, Grade A. Learn about the number of calories and nutritional and diet information for.
Ion Z. on 01.09.2019 at 07:24 said:
Neil R. on 29.08.2019 at 01:04 said:
Calories in Extra Large Egg - Calorie, Fat, Carb, Fiber, & Protein Info | SparkPeople
Abigail R. on 30.08.2019 at 03:48 said:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Miloš Tenković (Cyrillic Serbian Милош Тенковић; Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, 8 April 1849 – Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 16 January 1891) was a prominent Serbian painter. His style is characteristic of the realistic school of the period.

Among his works, we can note the Landscape with cows [archive], preserved in the National Museum in Belgrade. His work is also a part of the collection of Dom Jevrem Grujić. After 1870, he was part of a generation of painters educated in the Munich that heralded a new phase in Serbian art, one in which pure landscape was accepted as an independent art form. Influenced by a wide range of ideas from various European schools, still-life and village scenes now became a respectable subject matter. Among the three prominent artists from this time, all three alumni of the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, were Miloš Tenković, Đorđe Krstić, Antonije Kovačević, and Djordje Milovanović (artist).

His best works are held in the National Museum in Belgrade, including "Florist" (1877),"Broken Majolica", "Self-portrait" (1875-1877), "Landscape with Cows" (1875-1877) and "Still Life (1878).

Gallery

External links
 Serbian art in the 18th and 19th centuries [archive]
 Serbian painting in the 19th and 20th centuries [archive]

References

1891 deaths
1849 births

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Earlier this summer PTA fans were called to help film a special PV for one of Perfume's highly loved live songs, FAKE IT. This PV was announced to be included in the special edition of LOVE THE WORLD Global Compilation. Today a short version of the PV went up on the official YouTube channel.
The LOVE THE WORLD Compilation will be released 9/12. Pre-order your copy today!
Perfume will also embark on their first World Tour in the Asian countries of Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore. Details on ticket release are coming out slowly on their official site, so stay tuned to Perfume WORLD TOUR 1st.
In other overseas live news, Perfume was also invited to the ABU TV Song Festival in South Korea before the tour starts. The music festival features various international artists from their respective countries that are popular among their youth, and we are happy that Perfume was chosen to represent Japan. You can read more about the song festival on its official site.
The covers for Perfume's global compilation album LOVE THE WORLD have been revealed!
Notably among the list of fan favorites are special remixes created especially for the compilation, including Chocolate Disco 2012 mix and MY COLOR LTW mix. The FAKE IT PV is also highly anticipated, as PTA members were selected to be a part of the PV this past month.
LOVE THE WORLD releases September 12. You can pre-order your copy of the compilation now!
Today it was announced that Perfume will participate alongside 11 other popular artists for the theme song of feature-length film 「今日、恋をはじめます」 (Kyo, Koi wo Hajimemasu/Today, I'll Start Our Love), or KyoKoi. Their double-A side 2010 coupling song Natural ni Koishite was chosen for this film.
The KyoKoi film is based on the popular shojo manga of the same title by Kanan Minami. Other adaptations of the series includes a direct-to-DVD 2-episode OVA; a light novel prelude, written by Yunoka Takase; and an original live-action drama featuring AKB's subgroup French Kiss.
The film will be in theatres December 8th, 2012.


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Transport for Greater Manchester workers furloughed on full pay
Over 100 transport workers employed by Transport for Greater Manchester (TFGM) have been furloughed on full pay thanks to the collective strength of belonging to a trade union.
From this week, workers employed in the commercial activities of TFGM including workers in shops, cafes and some bus station staff, will be furloughed on 100 per cent of their salary. An agreement has also been reached to ensure that workers with underlying health problems employed by TFGM will also be furloughed on full pay.
Under the job retention scheme, workers will receive 80 per cent of their wages from the government up to a maximum of £2,500 per month. The agreement with TFGM means the company will meet the cost of the additional 20 per cent for around 100 workers to bring them up to 100 per cent of pay.
Unite regional officer Tanya Sweeney said: "Over 100 staff have been furloughed on full pay thanks to the collective strength of the unions. The unions have reached an excellent agreement for workers employed in the commercial arm of TFGM.
"Staff are being furloughed on full pay for 3 weeks initially but we have a guarantee that if the period is extended the workforce will continue to receive their full pay. Additionally, the unions have reached an agreement to ensure all workers with underlying health problems at TFGM will also be furloughed on full pay."
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RISC has recently completed a multi-client seismic interpretation and report to accompany TGS's Capreolus MC3D in the Bedout Sub-basin. The recent Dorado discovery was drilled on the Capreolus MC3D and the survey is instrumental to understanding the Dorado discovery and its implications for adjacent prospectivity. The RISC interpretation report provides a fully independent view on the Capreolus MC3D area including interpretation of key horizons, seismic stratigraphic framework and common risk segment mapping of the key identified plays as well as market and infrastructure considerations.
The report is available as an optional purchase when buying the TGS Capreolus MC3D seismic. For more information please contact our Perth office and ask to speak with Ian Cockerill – RISC's Head of Geoscience.


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Why Education Is Key To Preserving The Planet
"The evidence is clear: education changes lives, in ways that are often not fully understood."
For instance, quality education can help you live a longer, healthier life. This is because education equips you to approach health on a rational, informed basis stripped of superstition. Your own education can benefit others' health, too: research from Malawi has showed that having educated people as close neighbours enhances your health.
Evidence from Indonesia, meanwhile, points to education being a particularly strong predictor of who survived the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami. Cuba copes with hurricanes far better than Haiti in part because its citizens are more educated.
Wolfgang Lutz and Reiner Klingholz recently completed a book, in German, on education's role in resolving pressing current problems of inequality and sustainability, drawing extensively from history and recent scientific research. In 2017 it was translated into English with the title Education First! From Martin Luther to Sustainable Development.
Lutz is a world authority on population trends and climate change. Klingholz is a biologist and demographer. The pair worked on the book in South Africa, while based at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study in 2015.
Education as a driver of history
Lutz and Klingholz explore how mass literacy became a revolution that changed the course of Europe's and, via colonialism, the world's history.
Up to around 500 years ago, a defining feature of world inequality was that in those parts of the world where writing existed only around 1% had access to the schooling and texts that made literacy possible. Virtually all of this tiny minority were men. In Europe, the Muslim world and China, 99% of people were illiterate.
Martin Luther, in rebelling against Europe's Catholic order, insisted that literacy should be universal. It was a view which would have appeared fanatical at a time when no one – probably including Luther – imagined just how much economic benefit would flow from literacy and education more broadly.
The impact of the Reformation on literacy was not immediate, but the genie had been let out of the bottle. By 1800 around half of Protestant Europe was literate. By 1900 literacy was near universal. Japan, eager to modernise, replicated many aspects of the German education system, starting in the 1870s.
LEARN MORE Expanding Walkability In African Cities
Britain's and, much later, Japan's empires proved efficient in their brutality largely thanks to an exceptionally educated population at home. The rise of the United States can be attributed to the fact that this champion of private enterprise also pioneered the mass public funding of secondary schooling.
It is argued that Germany became susceptible to the lies of the tiny Nazi party because its secondary schooling had fallen behind its counterparts across the world.
Enablers and disenablers
Modern technologies are undoubtedly education enablers. Their absence has also played a big role in how education has – or hasn't – evolved. One sobering case of technology suppression happened in 1485 when the Ottoman sultan imposed a ban on printing. It lasted for two centuries, throttling the technology that Luther's revolution relied on. This partly explains why the Islamic Golden Age, with its scientists and thinkers, was unable to evolve into a mass education movement.
Communism, for all its failings on the economic policy front, was generally an excellent promoter of education. Inspired by Marx, himself originally a first-generation Lutheran, Mao laid the foundations for mass quality schooling in China, which made an astounding economic takeoff possible several decades later.
Julius Nyerere and Robert Mugabe were in some respects similar education pioneers in Africa.
Education already serves as a bulwark against existential threats. It helps communities to understand each other, weakens rampant nationalism, assists in population control and widens the talent pool from which innovation must come. But parts of the world need much more of it.
African Sun Media
Africa's story
Africa has made important strides: today around 80% of African children attend primary school and around 50% secondary schooling. But some countries are doing much better than others. Take Nigeria, for example. The oil-rich country should be an education leader in Africa, but is in fact a laggard. African countries with far worse resource endowments have performed much better educationally.
At the other end of the spectrum is Mauritius, which took a decision to massify quality education in the 1960s. The impact is still being felt today. It stands out as the only African country (other than tiny Seychelles) to have virtually eradicated poverty.
LEARN MORE Hong Kong Protests And Brexit Could Both End Up Benefiting Financial Elites
The island's post-independence leadership in the 1960s was neither communist nor Lutheran. It simply understood the value of education.
Ethiopia, the only non-Muslim sub-Saharan African country with a long history of literacy – albeit limited to a tiny minority – benefited from good leaders in the 1980s. They refused to follow instructions from the International Monetary Fund to cut education funding. This stubbornness, also seen in Ghana and Mozambique, bore fruits in the form of Ethiopia's recent economic growth, and reduced fertility rates. In Addis Ababa they are as low as in Switzerland. Nigeria, which essentially gave in to the IMF, has paid a high price for this.
Elite capture in places such as Malawi have held education back. 68% of public spending on education goes to the richest 10% of the population, partially because spending is heavily skewed towards one university.
The role of foreign donors
International development funding debates display a short-sighted lack of appreciation for education's long-term benefits. The evidence suggests that a significant portion of the funding being made available for climate change adaptation is best spent on education.
UNESCO's estimate of the annual cost of plugging the financing gap to bring schooling, up to the lower secondary level, to all the world's children equals less than 1% of what the United States spent on its war in Iraq, or a tenth of what Qatar has committed to the 2022 World Cup.
The world moves fast. In the three years since the book was first published in German, much has changed. Then, US participation in global climate agreements still seemed assured. Now its English title can clearly be read as a sideswipe at the Trump administration and its insistence on "America First". One wonders how the authors would have dealt with a newly emerging risk: a tragic mix of a high level of education, as in the US, with an anti-science populism.
This feature originally appeared in The Conversation.
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text:
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036160
title: Define an HTML Class in JSX
challengeType: 6
isHidden: false
isRequired: false
forumTopicId: 301393
---

## Description

Now that you're getting comfortable writing JSX, you may be wondering how it differs from HTML.
So far, it may seem that HTML and JSX are exactly the same.
One key difference in JSX is that you can no longer use the word class to define HTML classes. This is because class is a reserved word in JavaScript. Instead, JSX uses className.
In fact, the naming convention for all HTML attributes and event references in JSX become camelCase. For example, a click event in JSX is onClick, instead of onclick. Likewise, onchange becomes onChange. While this is a subtle difference, it is an important one to keep in mind moving forward.

## Instructions

Apply a class of myDiv to the div provided in the JSX code.

## Tests

```yml
tests:
  - text: The constant <code>JSX</code> should return a <code>div</code> element.
    testString: assert.strictEqual(JSX.type, 'div');
  - text: The <code>div</code> should have a class of <code>myDiv</code>.
    testString: assert.strictEqual(JSX.props.className, 'myDiv');

```

## Challenge Seed

```jsx
const JSX = (
  <div>
    <h1>Add a class to this div</h1>
  </div>
);
```

### After Test

```js
ReactDOM.render(JSX, document.getElementById('root'))
```

## Solution

```js
const JSX = (
<div className = 'myDiv'>
  <h1>Add a class to this div</h1>
</div>);
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Prepare this healthy hot artichoke and spinach dip as an appetizer for your next get together or potluck and people will be raving about it's delectable smell even before you take it out of the oven!
We adapted this tasty Food Network recipe to be made with a high powered blender, such as a Blendtec or Vitamix but it can also be made with a food processor.
Cheesy and gooey on the inside with a crispy top layer, and the cayenne and black pepper give it just enough of a spicy kick.
This recipe scored a perfect 10 by several of our recipe testers AND all of their family members!
Just add pita or tortilla chips and you'll have an success on your hands!
Add a sprinkle of salt to a pot of water, bring to a boil.
Stir spinach and basil into the boiling water and cook for about 30 seconds, or until leaves are bright green.
Remove leaves with a slotted spoon and immediately plunge in the ice water. Drain and squeeze dry, then roughly chop.
Add beans, cream cheese, garlic, chicken broth, cayenne, Worcestershire sauce, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and black pepper (to taste) to a wide-bottom blender container.
For Blendtec: Select VARIABLE, Speed 2 and blend for 10-15 seconds.
For Vitamix: Select VARIABLE, Speed 1. Turn machine on and slowly increase speed to VARIABLE, Speed 10/HIGH for 20-30 seconds.
Add spinach and basil, artichokes, parmesan and 1/2 cup mozzarella to the container and pulse* until ingredients have been roughly incorporated.
Mist a deep 1-quart casserole dish with cooking spray. Spread the dip mixture in the dish and top with the remaining 1/4 cup mozzarella, or an additional 1/4 cup of grated parmesan.
Bake until golden and bubbly, 20 to 25 minutes. Serve warm with baked chips or pita.
*If using a Vitamix that does not have a PULSE feature, set to HIGH and turn on and off to equal one pulse.
Artichokes are not everyone's 'go to' vegetable, but they are definitely one of the healthiest.
Super low in calories and fat, they are jam packed with the good stuff such as fiber, folic acid, vitamin C, and potassium.
Eating artichokes can prevent constipation, can help with neural functions, assist with healthy pregnancy, and reduce cholesterol!
That's a good reason to eat more healthy spinach artichoke dip!


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The Sutton Sneaker takes our classic Slip On to the next stylish level with an added 2 inch platform. The same all-day comfort of the Italian kid suede upper and Italian leather lining. Its biodegradable outsole and removable, cushioned foot bed are made with eco-friendly castor bean oil . The platform adds a dash of ultra comfortable height for a little elevation in every step.
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Leather - $135 Leather – $135


It seems that designs suggesting outer space can always be found in décor. But lately, they are being seen more often, and in a larger variety of interpretations. And although lighting seems to have a particular affinity for the topic, space-themed designs are also cropping up in a greater range of product types, from furniture and framed art to tableware and decorative accessories.
Some designs work like textural solids, expanding their appeal at a time when textures of all sorts—both tactile and visual—are on-trend. They mimic the night sky, as seen from earth, in items with names like Cosmos, Stardust and Galaxy. Or, they are creative imaginings of what celestial surfaces might look like, called Pluto or The Strange Materials.
Other items feature star patterns or fantasy swirls representing the atmosphere around a planet.
Still another group focuses on orbital paths, eclipses and the movement of heavenly bodies.
Outer Space is just one of a number of growing trends that will impact home-interiors products during 2018 and 2019. The Trend Curve covers them in every issue.


Be the first to hear about their new releases and deals. Download the Booksprout app and search for Gayle Parness today!
IG: Gayle Parness Author She also writes spicy paranormal, urban fantasy and contemporary under author name Marie Booth.


text:
In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Offender Decision-Making and Motivation
Background Versus Foreground Factors
Biology and Early Theoretical Perspectives
Individuated Theoretical Perspectives
Gender-Based Theoretical Approaches
Volkan Topalli
LAST REVIEWED: 18 June 2019
LAST MODIFIED: 25 May 2011
Though it may seem odd to think of it as such, breaking the law (i.e., criminality) is a social behavior, one that occurs through a process of decision making as do other social behaviors. Cognitivists regard decision making as a continuous process based on an individual's interaction with the environment. Social scientists are concerned with the manner in which this process produces individual decisions, guided by logic and rationality. They see offender decision making as a problem-solving pursuit that ends when an acceptable or suitable solution to the decision maker's dilemma is reached. Because the process is cognitive and individuated but embedded within a larger social and cultural context, questions about the nature of offender decision making lie at the core of what criminology is, and why it is a field of study rather than a discipline in and of itself.
Social cognitivists regard decision making as a continuous mental process that precedes behavior, based on an individual's interaction with the environment. Social scientists are concerned with the manner in which individual decisions are guided by logic and rationality. They see decision making as a problem-solving pursuit that ends when an acceptable or suitable solution is reached. Breaking the law (i.e., criminality) is a social behavior that requires the decision-making process to be engaged just as do other social behaviors. Because the process is cognitive and individuated but embedded within a larger social and cultural context, questions about the nature of offender decision making lie at the core of what criminology is, and help to explain why criminology operates as a field of study—addressing criminal behavior from a variety of disciplinary perspectives—rather than a discipline in and of itself. Key contributions to the study of offender decision making come from Katz 1988, which explores how offender decision making is bound not only by the background factors we normally think of as related to crime (e.g., low socioeconomic status, lack of education, poverty), but also the foreground dynamics of crime (those aspects of the criminal opportunity that attract the offender to act at a given moment in time). Neal Shover (Shover 1996, Shover and Honaker 1992) added to this approach with his particular emphasis on how street life and street culture serve to shape offender decision making. A useful framework for understanding and researching the nature of offender decision making has been developed and promoted by Trevor Bennet, Richard Wright, and colleagues. It relies on a temporal analysis strategy to understand the nature of offender decision making situated within criminogenic contexts and the offender's own background. Semi-structured interviews focus on four distinct, conceptualized categories: motivation (where the notion to commit an offense first came to the offender's mind and why is does so), planning (the process of offense preparation just prior to the decision to commit a crime), enactment (those decisions and actions taken during the commission of a crime), and aftermath (those decisions, perceptions, and actions which take place immediately following the offense, and which may have consequence for future offenses). The strategy has proven to be empirically robust and applicable to a wide range of offending behaviors. As such, it has subsequently been used in a number of seminal studies of offender decision making related to burglary, such as Bennet and Wright 1984 and Wright and Decker 1996; and robbery, such as Wright and Decker 1997 and Jacobs, et al. 2000.
Bennett, T., and R. Wright. 1984. Burglars on burglary: Prevention and the offender. Hampshire: Gower.
The authors found that the decision to offend was based on an imminent need for money, which led to a scanning of vulnerable areas to locate a suitable target; that burglars were oriented toward environmental cues indicating occupancy, surveillability, accessibility, and security at the targeted property; and finally, that burglars demonstrated a systematic and rational approach to target selection.
Jacobs, B. A., V. Topalli, and R. Wright. 2000. Managing Retaliation: Drug robbery and informal sanction threats. Criminology 38.1: 171–198.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00887.xE-mail Citation »
Authors examine how active drug robbers (individuals who take money and drugs from dealers by force or threat of force) perceive, plan, and respond to the risk of dealer-victim retaliation in real-life settings and circumstances. Data were drawn from in-depth interviews with twenty-five noninstitutionalized, active drug robbers recruited from the streets of St. Louis, Missouri. Available online to subscribers.
Katz, J. 1988. Seductions of crime: Moral and sensual attractions in doing evil. New York: Basic Books.
Katz argues that understanding crime requires beginning with a phenomenological study of the criminal event, the lifestyle of the perpetrators, and the thought processes and emotions (including the sensual characteristics of the criminal situation) immediately preceding and following a crime, all of which amount to the "foreground" of crime. Employs an inductive analytic strategy in an attempt to develop a grounded theoretical basis for explaining offender decision making.
Shover, N. 1996. Great pretenders: Pursuits and careers of persistent thieves. Crime and Society. Boulder, CO: Westview.
This book provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of "persistent" criminals (in this case, thieves), who continue to commit burglary, robbery, auto theft, and ordinary theft despite previous attempts to desist or previous negative interactions with the legal system. The author employs a "crime-as-choice" framework and a life-course perspective to make sense of how desistence-resistant offenders continue their offending ways.
Shover, N., and D. Honaker. 1992. The Socially Bounded Decision Making of Persistent Property Offenders. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 31.4: 276–293.
An ethnographic study of criminal decision employing a sample of persistent property offenders. The authors argue that improved understanding of criminal decision making by persistent property offenders is gained by exploring how their utilities are shaped and sustained by their day-to-day lifestyle choices and characteristics. Lifestyles that emphasize hedonistic pursuits and short-term planning encourage the constant need for financial capital and an outlook on offending that discounts the real risks of crime. Available online to subscribers.
Wright, R., and S. Decker. 1996. Burglars on the job: Streetlife and residential break-ins. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press.
Authors studied 190 active burglars' decision-making processes within the context of their street life culture. They present their findings in the areas of motivation, target selection (planning), techniques of entering and searching a targeted residence (enactment), and methods of selling stolen goods (aftermath), concluding with a discussion of the theoretical implications of their research.
Wright, R., and S. Decker. 1997. Armed robbers in action: Stickups and street culture. Northeastern Series in Criminal Behavior. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press.
The authors conducted interviews with active, noninstitutionalized robbers operating on the streets of St. Louis to understand their decision-making processes (from motivation and offense planning through enactment to the aftermath of crime) embedded within a dominant street culture emphasizing violence, conspicuous consumption, and retribution.


One of the first things we saw in Tokyo was this scene in Yoyogi Park on our way to the Sunday flea market. There were way more hula hoops than people and I couldn't tell if these women wanted attention or not. Unlike some other Yoyogi park performers, they were pretty far removed from the path (we had to zoom way in for this pic).
Right next to the flea market we saw some bboys practicing and they were obviously happy for the attention. Interestingly, they never passed around a hat for money like I think most street performers do in America. They were there for fun.
That's what wikipedia says anyway. I don't know who says breakdancing now – everyone in Korea at least talks about bboys. I've seen bgirls in Korea as well – not sure if they get called bgirls, or what though.
What can be very impressive is the strength these guys display when they do 1 arm handstands and the like.


Jamie Marich's friends and colleagues describe her as a renaissance woman. A dancer, musician, performer, writer, recovery ambassador, clinical counselor, and Reiki Master Teacher, Marich unites these elements of her experience to achieve an ultimate mission: bringing the art and joy of healing to others. Marich began her career in human services working in humanitarian aid in Bosnia-Hercegovina from 2000-2003. She travels internationally speaking on topics related to EMDR, trauma, addiction, and mindfulness while maintaining a private practice (Mindful Ohio) in her home base of Warren, OH. She is the developer of the Dancing Mindfulness practice and regularly trains facilitators to take this unique practice into both clinical and community settings. Jamie Marich is the author of EMDR Made Simple: 4 Approaches for Using EMDR with Every Client (2011), Trauma and the Twelve Steps: A Complete Guide for Recovery Enhancement (2012), and Trauma Made Simple: Competencies in Assessment, Treatment, and Working with Survivors. Her new book, Dancing Mindfulness: A Creative Path to Healing and Transformation is scheduled for release in 2015 with Skylight Paths Publishing. Marich is a certified rational living hypnotherapist and completed the Street Yoga trauma-informed yoga teacher training program. She is also a Certified Yoga of 12-Step Recovery (Y12SR) leader. In 2015, she had the privilege of delivering a TEDx talk on trauma (available on YouTube), and she made her first appearance on the popular Recovery 2.0 Conference.


Compared to almost anything else from 1931, the CD8 is long, low, and sleek, and unlike many convertibles of the period, looks equally good with its top up or down.
From the very beginning, Chrysler Corporation was dedicated to cutting-edge technology in their automobiles. In the 1920s, that meant hydraulic brakes and mechanical fuel pumps in place of vacuum tanks, features shared with such names as Duesenberg and Auburn but very few others. Early styling was stodgy and the lack of an 8-cylinder powerplant kept Chrysler from competing on equal footing with some of the bigger manufacturers, and certainly not GM. That all changed in 1931 with the introduction of the all-new Imperial 8, a top-of-the-line luxury car that could compete with anything from Cadillac, Packard, or Lincoln. Still, there was a rather wide gap between the basic Chrysler line and the Imperials, which is why Chrysler introduced the CD8. Initially powered by a 240 cubic inch straight-8 and styling by Al Leamy, the same designer who penned the dramatic Cord L29. In January 1931, the CD8's engine was upgraded to a 261 cubic inch straight-8 and in May of that same year, Chrysler introduced the CD Deluxe Eight with a 282 cubic inch version of the same powerplant. Also referred to as the Series III cars, these late-production CD8s would disappear after just 1484 were built, making them some of the most highly-sought 8-cylinder Chryslers of all.
This spectacular CD8 roadster is one of those late-production Series III cars, offering all the upgrades including the 282 cubic inch engine and 4-speed manual transmission, as well as standard Chrysler features like those powerful hydraulic brakes. It shouldn't be any wonder that cars like this were favorites for stock car racing and a similar roadster even appeared at LeMans. Agile handling, a low center of gravity thanks to the dramatic Al Leamy styling, and the powerful straight-8 made it a formidable car on the track and a delight to drive on the road. Having spent time behind the wheel of this spectacular roadster, I can attest that it's fast and comfortable, competent and reliable, all ideal features for a car that's going to be used in combat.
That's not to say that this car has ever been driven in anger, because it's absolutely gorgeous from any angle. The restoration is a few years old, but it's quite accurately done and wears its original color combination of Timber Beige with Deerfield Brown moldings and fenders, along with Omaha Orange wheels, and it looks just spectacular today. Compared to almost anything else from 1931, the CD8 is long, low, and sleek, and unlike many convertibles of the period, looks equally good with its top up or down. Dual sidemounts and a trunk rack add to the upscale air that was Chrysler's target market, and there's just not one single line that's out of place. Finish quality is excellent and it shows minimal wear since it was completed, although the passage of time produces some inevitable micro-blisters that are visible upon very close inspection. But otherwise it's exceptional and needs nothing to be enjoyed immediately. The doors and rumble seat lid fit well and close on well-oiled hinges, the hood swings open easily, and details such as the matching Omaha Orange pinstripes add a dashing bit of flair. There's simply no angle from which this car isn't beautiful.
The chrome remains in excellent condition throughout with no issues. There's an accessory grille guard up front that features a pair of "Herbert Hoover for President" badges, which are a nice complement to the Hoover and Prohibition license plate tags on the rear bumper. The car is fitted with cowl lamps, wind wings, and an accessory right-side brake light that provides a nice symmetry to the rear end. Well-placed steps permit easy access to the nicely finished rumble seat.
The interior is gorgeous brown leather, but calling it "brown" seems to be selling it short. It's so luscious that you almost can't resist touching it and it's just beautifully done. The driver's seat is adjustable and both front seats use correct patterns to mimic the original look. Simple door panels with map pockets, nicely fitted carpets with custom floor mats, and a nice ribbon of leather around the dash make it feel well-tailored and speak to the quality of the restoration. There's a full array of white-faced gauges in the center of the dash (what, you thought that was a new invention?) and they're all functional, and we have every reason to believe that the 60,832 miles showing on the speedometer are authentic. Controls are simple and familiar and everything works except the passenger's side windshield wiper, which is missing its arm. The tan canvas top folds easily and the rear window curtain is removable to provide pleasant flow-through ventilation on warm days when too much sun with the top down would be uncomfortable. There's also a matching tan canvas boot. The rumble seat, as I mentioned, is beautifully finished and includes small storage compartments on either side and a surprising amount of legroom, complements of the CD8's lengthy 124-inch wheelbase.
As the final iteration of the CD8, this roadster received the larger 282 cubic inch straight-8 which makes right around 100 horsepower. That's a fairly significant number, besting Packard's 320 cubic inch unit and coming close to Buick's new 344 cubic inch OHV straight-8 at 104 horsepower. You can imagine that performance is lively indeed. It's a traditional flathead design with a downdraft carburetor, and it does indeed use a mechanical fuel pump to ensure reliability even when it's hot. It's beautifully sorted, as it fires to life easily within a few turns and settles into an even idle without the need for choke or other coaxing. There's a pleasing mechanical whirr from under the hood and a nice 8-cylinder grumble from the single exhaust pipe out back, connecting you to the car rather than isolating you from it. There are some minor signs of use on the engine, as this is a favorite tour candidate, but beyond some heat-related paint issues on the exhaust manifold, it's extremely tidy under the hood. Looking around, you'll see an accessory oil filter unit on the side of the block, a heavy-duty cut-off switch on the starter, and the hydraulic master cylinder for the brakes down low on the left rear engine mount. Things like the wiring, hoses, and plugs are correct and even the splash pans are intact. It's not quite detailed for show, but it's better than most of the cars you see on tours.
Chrysler also offered a 4-speed manual transmission, which you'll find in this car. In truth, it's nothing like the 4-speeds of the muscle car era, and what it really is, is a 3-speed with a choice of two first gears. There's an ultra-low first gear and a regular first gear that you'll use 99% of the time. The shift pattern is standard 3-speed manual, although the first gear slot branches into two separate gears, including the ultra-low creeper gear. Out back, it uses period-typical 4.10 gears but thanks to the smooth straight-8, it's happy to cruise at 50-55 MPH without much effort. The chassis is like the engine bay, nicely detailed but showing signs of use, which only means that this Chrysler is fully sorted and ready to enjoy. The suspension is comfortable and capable, making the roadster feel agile instead of clumsy, and Chrysler's hydraulic brakes are quite modern in their feel and remarkably powerful, so the car feels confident on the road. Wire wheels really dress the car up and are fitted with 6.00/6.50-17 Lester wide whitewall tires that have plenty of life left in them.
Beauty, speed, quality; this Chrysler embodies them all. For a high-speed tour vehicle it's a superb choice and it's stunning good looks will earn it a place on any show field. With only a handful known to exist, this is an excellent opportunity to own one of the very best to come to market in years. Call today!


Strategically placed mesh panels run down your sides and the entire length of your back. This provides you with optimal ventilation.
Is this a loose or form-fitting shirt?
It is more of a form fitting shirt but it isn't quite as tight as a compression shirt.
do you carry any Tall sized shirts ?
New Balance does not offer this shirt in a tall option. We do have the ability to get some of our referee shirts in a tall cut. If you want to discuss those options, price, and the availability please call us at 330-564-1082.
Is this item available in white?
We only carry this shirt in Black.


text:
Richmond Community Church
Portland, Oregon – A Congregation of Faith and Love
Category: 2019 Sermons
2019-12-29: The 3 P's
http://media.blubrry.com/richmondcog/audio.richmondcog.org/2019/54-RCC-20191229-FAC%20The%203%20Ps.mp3
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Sermon Audio: The 3 P's
Speaker: Frank A Clore
Scripture Text: Romans 5:1-5
The 3 P's
2019-12-25: The Story Seldom Told — The Story of Christmas
http://media.blubrry.com/richmondcog/audio.richmondcog.org/2019/53-RCC-20191225-VW%20The%20Story%20of%20Christmas.mp3
Sermon Audio: The Story of Christmas
Speaker: Pastor Val Watkins
Scripture Text: Galatians 4:4-5
The Story Seldom Told
The Story of Christmas
2019-12-22: The Story Seldom Told — The Story of a Prophet
http://media.blubrry.com/richmondcog/audio.richmondcog.org/2019/52-RCC-20191222-VW%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Prophet.mp3
Sermon Audio: The Story of a Prophet
Scripture Text: Luke 2:25-32
The Story of a Prophet
The Old Testament Prophecies have all the earmarks of a great story as they point toward the coming Messiah.
Today, we aren't going to focus on the prophecies concerning the birth of Jesus, instead we are looking at the prophecy concerning the purpose of Jesus.
Here is the story of a man who was living in the hope of a promise.
That first Christmas happened because in God's opinion the world should go on, and not just go on but to go on with hope.
But sometimes, God pushes aside the natural laws that he puts in place and a supernatural healing takes place.
And the question is still being asked today, "What must I do to inherit eternal life?"
And that hope that we have is a hope based on the assurance of the word of God when we are told in I John 5:13, I write these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God so that you may know that you have eternal life.
Jesus Offers Hope in the Face of Hopelessness
Pretty sure that this unknown lady figured that God had probably given up on her much like many of her neighbors had.
2019-12-15: The Story Seldom Told — The Story of a Journey
http://media.blubrry.com/richmondcog/audio.richmondcog.org/2019/51-RCC-20191215-VW%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Journey.mp3
Sermon Audio: The Story of a Journey
Scripture Text: Matthew 2:7-15
The Story of a Journey
You would have to wonder what would ever possess a man to take his very pregnant wife on that type of journey.
Not sure that Mary and Joseph would have seen it as a fortuitous situation but it certainly meant that they were where they were supposed to be when they were supposed to be there.
You see, when we think of the journey of Christmas we think of the part of the trip before Jesus was born, but there was another trip, and that is a Story that is seldom told.
The Holy family fled to Egypt, stayed for an indeterminable period of time and then returned to Palestine.
The journey to Egypt would have been about 40 miles, but still outside the reach of Herod and there was a certain familiarity about it.
And just when Joseph thinks that maybe things have settled down and he can finally get some sleep his dreams are interrupted by an angel, again.
And that's probably why we have verses in the scriptures like Proverbs 3:5, Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding.
Is trust, trust if we don't act on it?
Jesus offers us grace and forgiveness and in return he asks for our love and obedience.
That could have been written about Joseph, time and time again. He had an assurance about things he could not see.
Well first of all it reminds us that we need to trust God.
2019-12-08: The Story Seldom Told — The Story of Royalty
http://media.blubrry.com/richmondcog/audio.richmondcog.org/2019/50-RCC-20191208-VW%20The%20Story%20of%20Royalty.mp3
Sermon Audio: The Story of Royalty
Scripture Text: Matthew 2:1-8
The Story of Royalty
So, the bible never refers to the visitors as Kings or even alludes to it and the early church never identified them as kings.
So, while there were kings mentioned in the Christmas story there were only two and they didn't come from the east.
In 47 BC he was appointed Governor of Palestine and seven years later he was appointed King by Octavian who you would know better as Caesar Augustus.
At no point, does Jesus ever stop people from calling him king.
But even Herod's motives behind rebuilding the temple were mixed.
And so, it was that this old man who was crippled with hate and suspicion was told about the one who was the King of the Jews.
From the very beginning the birth of Jesus was defined not by what he could get but what could he give.
There is a gap between us and God that we cannot bridge on our own.
The mission of Christ was simple, he summed it up himself in Luke 19:10, For the Son of Man came to seek and save those who are lost.
If you ask people if they know who Herod is, they will usually mention the Christmas story or the Easter story.
2023-01-22: The Final Week — Believe In Me, I'll Save the World
2023-01-15: The Final Week — Not the Jesus They Wanted
2023-01-08: The Final Week — The King Is Coming
2023-01-01: For Him Who Has Ears to Hear
2022-12-25: Fear Not, Christmas Is Hope
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text:
Het Machtige Hoopje (Russisch: Могучая Кучка, Mogoetsjaja koetsjka) ook wel De Vijf (of ook Groep van vijf) was een in de jaren 1865 - 1870 ontstaan gezelschap van vijf belangrijke Russische componisten van die tijd:

Het gezelschap zette zich in voor nationalistische muziek.
Behalve Balakirev, die nog enig muzikaal onderricht genoten had, had geen van deze componisten een muzikale achtergrond; Cui, Moessorgski en Rimski-Korsakov waren militairen en Borodin was chemicus. Ze begonnen uiteindelijk met zelfonderricht; dit hield in dat "we al het werk van de grote componisten doorspeelden en elk werk in technisch en creatief opzicht volledig aan onze kritiek en analyse onderwierpen".

In hun werk richtten de componisten zich met name op de Russische volksmuziek, die aantrekkelijk was door de toegankelijkheid (het gezelschap bezat weinig muzikale kennis) en door het feit dat het uitstekend aansloot bij het nationalistische denken. Vooral Balakirev verwerkte veel melodieën van volkswijsjes in zijn werk.

De eigenaardige benaming van de groep ontstond als volgt: in 1867 vond een concert plaats onder leiding van Balakirev, dat door de criticus Vladimir Stasov werd gerecenseerd met de woorden: "God geve, dat onze Slavische gasten dit concert nooit vergeten. God geve, dat zij voor altijd in hun herinnering bewaren, over hoeveel poëzie, gevoel, talent en vakmanschap het kleine, doch machtige hoopje der Russische componisten beschikt". De naam Het Machtige Hoopje is dus afkomstig van de muziekrecensent Stasov.

In de loop van de jaren 70 van de 19e eeuw begon Rimski-Korsakov te twijfelen aan de doelstelling van de groep. Hij realiseerde zich, nog steeds "echte" muzikale kennis te ontberen door zoveel tijd te besteden aan de ontwikkeling van Russische muziek. Door veel zelfstudie, en contacten met de meer westers-georiënteerde Tsjaikovski, is hij geleidelijk meer losgekomen van de groep, al bleven de persoonlijke contacten bestaan.

Componistengroep