text:
South America :: Venezuela
Introduction ::Venezuela
Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president from 1999 to 2013, sought to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purported to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. His hand-picked successor, President Nicolas MADURO, continues CHAVEZ's socialist programs. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, rampant violent crime, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, foreign exchange controls that discourage private-sector investment, high inflation, a decline in the quality of fundamental houman rights, and widespread scarcity of consumer goods.
Geography ::Venezuela
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
8 00 N, 66 00 W
total: 912,050 sq km
land: 882,050 sq km
water: 30,000 sq km
Area comparison map:
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Pico Bolivar 5,007 m
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
10,550 sq km (2008)
1,233 cu km (2011)
total: 9.06 cu km/yr (23%/4%/74%)
per capita: 358.6 cu m/yr (2008)
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements
on major sea and air routes linking North and South America; Angel Falls in the Guiana Highlands is the world's highest waterfall
People and Society ::Venezuela
noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Demographic profile:
Social investment in Venezuela during the CHAVEZ administration reduced poverty from nearly 50 % in 1999 to about 27 % in 2011, increased school enrollment, substantially decreased infant and child mortality, and improved access to potable water and sanitation through social investment. "Missions" dedicated to education, nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation were funded through petroleum revenues. The sustainability of this progress remains questionable, however, as the continuation of these social programs depends on the prosperity of Venezuela's oil industry. In the long-term, education and health care spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new health care jobs with foreigners are slowing development.
Since CHAVEZ came to power in 1999, more than one million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following Chavez's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-2003 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and health care. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees.
65 years and over: 5.8% (male 755,183/female 959,829) (2014 est.)
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
CARACAS (capital) 3.242 million; Maracaibo 2.31 million; Valencia 1.866 million; Barquisimeto 1.245 million; Maracay 1.115 million; Ciudad Guayana 799,000 (2011)
107,900 (2012 est.)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2013)
15 years (2008)
Government ::Venezuela
conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
conventional short form: Venezuela
local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela
local short form: Venezuela
federal republic
name: Caracas
time difference: UTC-4.5 (a half hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia
note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999; amended 2009 (2013)
civil law system based on the Spanish civil code
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; state party to the ICCT
chief of state: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 19 April 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; former Executive Vice President Nicolas MADURO Moros assumed presidential responsibilities after the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013 and became Acting President while preparations for elections took place. He won a national election on 14 April 2013 and started a six-year term
head of government: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Jorge Alberto ARREAZA Montserrat (since 19 April 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for unlimited reelection); election last held on 14 April 2013; note - this was a special election held following the death of President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias on 5 March 2013; the next scheduled election after this is expected to be held in late 2018 or early 2019 pending official convocation by the country's electoral body)
note: in 1999, a National Constituent Assembly drafted a new constitution that increased the presidential term to six years; an election was subsequently held on 30 July 2000 under the terms of this constitution; in 2009, a national referendum approved the elimination of term limits on all elected officials, including the presidency
election results: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros 50.61%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski 49.12%, other 0.24%
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela)
elections: last held on 26 September 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%, opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party - pro-government 98, opposition 65, other 2
highest court(s): Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into six divisions - constitutional, political administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social (mainly agrarian and labor issues)
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve non-renewable 12-year terms
subordinate courts: Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network
A New Time or UNT [Omar BARBOZA]
Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]
Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]
Coalition of opposition parties -- The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Ramon Guillermo AVELEDO]
Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]
Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP]
Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI]
For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]
Justice First or PJ [Julio BORGES]
Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Nicolas SOSA]
Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]
Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]
The Radical Cause [Daniel SANTOLO]
United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]
Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]
Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS ROMER]
Bolivarian and Socialist Workers' Union (a ruling party labor union)
Confederacion Venezolana de Industriales or Coindustria (a conservative business group)
Consejos Comunales (pro-Chavez local cooperatives)
FEDECAMARAS (a conservative business group)
Union of Oil Workers of Venezuela or FUTPV
Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (opposition-oriented labor organization)
various civil society groups and human rights organizations
Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Philip G. LAIDLAW
embassy: Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080
mailing address: P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037
telephone: [58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)
FAX: [58] (212) 907-8199
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band; the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence; the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, then President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the province of Guayana
troupial (bird)
name: "Gloria al bravo pueblo" (Glory to the Brave People)
lyrics/music: Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETA
note: adopted 1881; the lyrics were written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence
Economy ::Venezuela
Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for roughly 96% of export earnings, about 45% of budget revenues, and around 12% of GDP. Fueled by high oil prices, pre-election government spending helped spur GDP growth in 2012 to 5.6%. Government spending, minimum wage hikes, and improved access to domestic credit created an increase in consumption which combined with supply problems to cause higher inflation - roughly 20% in 2012 and rising to more than 56% in 2013. Former President Hugo CHAVEZ's efforts to increase the government's control of the economy by nationalizing firms in the agribusiness, financial, construction, oil, and steel sectors hurt the private investment environment, reduced productive capacity, and slowed non-petroleum exports. In 2013, Venezuela continued to wrestle with housing and electricity crises, and rolling food and goods shortages, resulting from the government's unorthodox economic policies. The budget deficit for the public sector reached 17% of GDP in 2012 and was trimmed to under 10% of GDP in 2013. The Venezuelan government has maintained a regime of strict currency exchange controls since 2003. Venezuelan law now sanctions a three-tiered exchange rate system, with rates based on the government's import priorities.
$13,600 (2013 est.)
exports of goods and services: 25%
corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish
agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products, crude oil and petroleum products
services: 70.9% (4th quarter, 2011)
revenues: $103.4 billion
expenditures: $139.4 billion (2013 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
29.5% (31 December 2010)
$25.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$5.143 billion (31 December 2011)
petroleum and petroleum products, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products
US 39.1%, China 14.3%, India 12%, Netherlands Antilles 7.8%, Cuba 4.6% (2012)
agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products
US 31.7%, China 16.8%, Brazil 9.1%, Colombia 4.8% (2012)
bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -
6.048 (2013 est.)
2.5821 (2010 est.)
Energy ::Venezuela
127.6 billion kWh (2012 est.)
27.5 million kW (2012 est.)
297.6 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
1.11 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
2.11 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Communications ::Venezuela
30.52 million (2012)
general assessment: modern and expanding
domestic: 2 domestic satellite systems with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 130 per 100 persons
international: country code - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Cuba and the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network (2013)
government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2014)
Transportation ::Venezuela
914 to 1,523 m: 127
extra heavy crude 981 km; gas 5,941 km; oil 7,588 km; refined products 1,778 km (2013)
standard gauge: 806 km 1.435-m gauge (41 km electrified) (2008)
total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
7,100 km (the Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo are navigable by oceangoing vessels) (2011)
by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 12, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 16
foreign-owned: 9 (Denmark 1, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Greece 4, Mexico 1, Spain 1)
registered in other countries: 14 (Panama 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)
major seaport(s): La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon
oil terminals: Jose terminal
Transportation - note:
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as a significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen
Military ::Venezuela
Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB): Bolivarian Army (Ejercito Bolivariano, EB), Bolivarian Navy (Armada Bolivariana, AB; includes Naval Infantry, Coast Guard, Naval Aviation), Bolivarian Military Aviation (Aviacion Militar Bolivariana, AMB; includes Air National Guard), Bolivarian National Guard (Guardia Nacional Bolivaria, GNB) (2013)
18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 30-month conscript service obligation; Navy requires 6th-grade education for enlisted personnel; all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2012)
Transnational Issues ::Venezuela
claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim
refugees (country of origin): 204,259 (Colombia) (2013)
current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas; women from Colombia, Peru, Haiti, China, and South Africa are also reported to have been sexually exploited in Venezuela; some Venezuelan women are transported to Caribbean islands, particularly Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad & Tobago, where they are subjected to forced prostitution; some Venezuelan children are forced to beg on the streets or work as domestic servants, while Ecuadorian children, who are often from indigenous communities, are subjected to forced labor
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has increased the investigation of forced labor crimes but has not publicly document progress on prosecutions and convictions of trafficking offenders or on victim identification or assistance; the government also does not report on the existence of formal procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them to victim services; authorities provide limited funding to some NGOs providing victim services; public service announcements and an awareness campaign on human trafficking have continued (2013)
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border


text:
Маиде ()  —  муниципалитет в Испании, входит в провинцию Самора в составе автономного сообщества Кастилия и Леон. Муниципалитет находится в составе района (комарки) Алисте. Занимает площадь 108,82 км². Население — 415 человек (на 2010 год). Расстояние до административного центра провинции — 80 км.

Население

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальная страница
 Mahide.info

Муниципалитеты Саморы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
RAK Ceramics Gives Room For Imagination
BOLOGNA, Italy, September 27, 2016/PRNewswire/ —
Leading ceramics company unveils new global brand identity at Cersaie
RAK Ceramics, one of the largest ceramics' brands in the world, today announced the launch of its new corporate brand identity which is designed to unify all of its global subsidiaries. The official roll out will start effective immediately in the UAE, with subsidiaries expected to adopt the new brand identity throughout 2017. The repositioning exercise is one of many initiatives which are helping to drive RAK Ceramics forward to achieving its vision, to become the leading ceramics lifestyle solutions provider in the world.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20160922/411027LOGO)
The announcement was made at Cersaie, the largest and most important international ceramics exhibitions which takes place annually in Bologna, Italy. The new corporate brand identity was revealed at the RAK Ceramics stand which clearly articulates the company's proposition, 'Room for Imagination', and featured the company's latest products and designs.
Abdallah Massaad, RAK Ceramics' Group Chief Executive Officer said: "Today we celebrate a new milestone as we launch our new corporate brand identity and we are delighted to be unveiling it at Cersaie. The unveiling of our new brand identity is part of our Value Creation plan which was launched in 2014 and designed to improve integration across the business; streamline our distribution networks and unify our brand globally."
He added: "RAK Ceramics has 25 years of ceramics' expertise. It is this experience, our wide product range, strong focus on innovation and continued commitment to delivering high quality products which are the four main pillars upon which our new proposition is based. Our products are already featured in some of the most iconic buildings around the globe and the launch of our new brand identity reflects our aspirations to become the leading ceramics lifestyle solutions provider in the world."
RAK Ceramics was established in Ras Al Khaimah in 1989 by H.H. Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al Qasimi, member of the Supreme Council and Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah.
Today RAK Ceramics is one of the largest ceramics manufacturers in the world and has sold over 1 billion square metres of tiles, serving clients in more than 150 countries through its network of operational hubs in Europe, Middle East, North Africa, Asia, America and Australia.
Tel: +971(0) 7246 7400
steven.allen@rakceramics.com
Email: racha.mhanna@fticonsulting.com
Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20160922/411027LOGO
Source: RAK Ceramics
Categories: General,MENA
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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home » JIS News » Foreign Affairs
Exhibition on Laurel Aitken
High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (UK), His Excellency Anthony Johnson officially opened a special Interactive Exhibition on the life of Jamaican singer, Laurel Aitken, at the New Walk Museum and Art Gallery in Leicester, in the East Midlands, on October 9.
The 'Ska with Laurel' exhibition tells the story of the legendary Jamaican Ska artiste, Laurel Aitken, who died in 2005 at age 78.
High Commissioner Johnson commended the city of Leicester for honouring Aitken, whom he described as a pioneer of modern Jamaican music.
He told the audience, which included Mr. Aitken's widow, Sandra; the Lord Mayor of Leicester; and renown Jamaican poet, Jean 'Binta' Breeze, that Mr. Aitken was among the Jamaican musicians who created a new style of Jamaican popular music and was among the early wave of musicians who spread that new music to the United Kingdom and across the world.
Called the 'Godfather of Ska', Mr. Aitken was an influential figure in the development new Jamaican musical styles in the 1950s and 1960s.
High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, His Excellency Anthony Johnson and Mrs. Pamela Johnson view a section of the special 'Ska with Laurel' Interactive Exhibition, on the life of veteran Jamaican Ska musician, Laurel Aitken. The exhibition at the New Walk Museum and Art Gallery in Leicester, in the East Midlands, was opened on October 9 and will last until March 2011.
The exhibition features audio visuals, including a film of Mr. Aitken's last live performance, his stage clothes, photographs, posters and press cuttings about Mr. Aitken.
Mr. Aitken lived in Leicester for 35 years and was credited for his contribution to the cultural life of the city, by inspiring and helping hundreds of young musicians.
The singer's big break came in 1958 with the release of 'Little Sheila' in Jamaica and the United Kingdom. The song held the number one spot on the former Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation (JBC) chart for 11 weeks.
His music was popular with the youth culture of the time, including the 'Mods' and early 'Skinheads' in the 1960s and 1970s. He also influenced the 'Two Tone' sound of the early 1980s, and was popular with British bands, such as The Specials and Bad Manners. He was also popular in Germany, Italy and Japan.
The Gleaner and the Jamaica National Building Society in 2000 presented Mr. Aitken with community achievement awards. He was also honoured by the Leicester Society of Jamaicans in 1986.


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AliMed's Super Strap has an oversized mid-panel with 1"-thick padding to effectively manage pressure during procedures. In addition, AliMed offers many other straps in extra-wide widths and extra-long lengths to accommodate larger patients.


I know, it seems as if the holiday season has passed – and a while ago, at that. But let me tell you, it hasn't! Because today is my birthday. Sure, you could, and should, buy me a drink or something as good, but if you can't, at least have a drink in my honor. And make it a holiday drink – heck, make it a holiday drink from some exotic locale, celebrating my exoticness. Wait? You're not sure of many exotic locale holiday drinks? Then let me help you by pointing you to this fun article I wrote on that very subject for the snazziest travel company in the world, TCS Expeditions. The piece is called Holidays on Ice: 5 Worldly Cocktails and, well, it's full of fun things to sip over the holidays (which never stop, really).


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Q: What methods of 'clearfix' can I use? I have the age-old problem of a div wrapping a two-column layout. My sidebar is floated, so my container div fails to wrap the content and sidebar.

There seem to be numerous methods of fixing the clear bug in Firefox:

*

*

*overflow:auto

*overflow:hidden
In my situation, the only one that seems to work correctly is the
 solution, which is a little bit scruffy. overflow:auto gives me nasty scrollbars, and overflow:hidden must surely have side effects.
Also, IE7 apparently shouldn't suffer from this problem due to its incorrect behaviour, but in my situation it's suffering the same as Firefox.
Which method currently available to us is the most robust?

A: I just use :-
.clear:after{
  clear: both;
  content: "";
  display: block;
}

Works best and compatible with IE8+ :)

A: Given the huge amount of replies I was not gonna post. However, this method may help someone, as it did help me.
Stay way from floats whenever possible
It's worth to mention, I avoid floats like Ebola. There are many reasons and I am not alone; Read Rikudo answer about what is a clearfix and you'll see what I mean. In his own words: ...the use of floated elements for layout is getting more and more discouraged with the use of better alternatives...
There are other good (and sometimes better) options out there other than floats. As technology advances and improves, flexbox (and other methods) are going to be widely adopted and floats will become just a bad memory. Maybe a CSS4?

Float misbehavior and failed clears
First off, sometimes, you may think that you are safe from floats until your lifesaver is punctured and your html flow starts to sink:
In the codepen http://codepen.io/omarjuvera/pen/jEXBya below, the practice of clearing a float with

 (or other element) is common but frown upon and anti-semantic.

1st

2nd

3nd

Below

CSS
div {
    border: 1px solid #f00;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
}

div.floated {
    float: left;
}

.clear {
    clear: both;
}
section {
    border: 1px solid #f0f;
}

However, just when you thought your float is sail worthy...boom! As the screen size becomes smaller and smaller you see weird behaviors in like the graphic below (Same http://codepen.io/omarjuvera/pen/jEXBya):

Why should you care?
Roughly, about 80% (or more) of the devices used are mobile devices with small screens. Desktop computers/laptops are no longer king.

It does not end there
This is not the only problem with floats. There are many, but in this example, some may say all you have to do is to place your floats in a container. But as you can see in the codepen and graphic, that is not the case. It apparently made things worst:
HTML

1st

2nd

3nd

Below

CSS
#container {
  min-height: 100px; /* To prevent it from collapsing */
  border: 1px solid #0f0;
}
.floated {
    float: left;
    border: 1px solid #f00;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
}

.clear {
    clear: both;
}
section {
    border: 1px solid #f0f;
}

As for the result?
It's the *** same!

Least you know, you'll start a CSS party, inviting all kinds of selectors and properties to the party; making a bigger mess of your CSS than what you started with. Just to fix your float.

CSS Clearfix to the rescue
This simple and very adaptable piece of CSS is a beauty and a "savior":
.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;
    zoom: 1; /* ie 6/7 */
}

That's it! It really works without breaking semantics and did I mention it works?:
From the same sample...HTML

1st

2nd

3nd

Below

CSS
div.floated {
    float: left;
    border: 1px solid #f00;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100px;
}
section {
        border: 4px solid #00f;
}

.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;
    zoom: 1; /* ie 6/7 */
}

Now we no longer need

  and keep the semantic police happy. This is not the only benefit. This clearfix is responsive to any screen size without the use of @media in it's simplest form. In other words, it will keep your float container in check and preventing floodings. Lastly, it provides support for old browsers all in one small karate chop =)
Here's the clearfix again
.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;
    zoom: 1; /* ie 6/7 */
}

A: I always float the main sections of my grid and apply clear: both; to the footer. That doesn't require an extra div or class.

A: What problems are we trying to solve?
There are two important considerations when floating stuff:

*

*Containing descendant floats. This means that the element in question makes itself tall enough to wrap all floating descendants. (They don't hang outside.)

*Insulating descendants from outside floats. This means that descendants inside of an element should be able to use clear: both and have it not interact with floats outside the element.

Block formatting contexts
There's only one way to do both of these. And that is to establish a new block formatting context. Elements that establish a block formatting context are an insulated rectangle in which floats interact with each other. A block formatting context will always be tall enough to visually wrap its floating descendants, and no floats outside of a block formatting context may interact with elements inside. This two-way insulation is exactly what you want. In IE, this same concept is called hasLayout, which can be set via zoom: 1.
There are several ways to establish a block formatting context, but the solution I recommend is display: inline-block with width: 100%. (Of course, there are the usual caveats with using width: 100%, so use box-sizing: border-box or put padding, margin, and border on a different element.)
The most robust solution
Probably the most common application of floats is the two-column layout. (Can be extended to three columns.)
First the markup structure.

    sidebar
sidebar
sidebar

      main content

        main content that uses clear: both

And now the CSS.
/* Should contain all floated and non-floated content, so it needs to
 * establish a new block formatting context without using overflow: hidden.
 */
.container {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  zoom: 1; /* new block formatting context via hasLayout for IE 6/7 */
}

/* Fixed-width floated sidebar. */
.sidebar {
  float: left;
  width: 160px;
}

/* Needs to make space for the sidebar. */
.main {
  margin-left: 160px;
}

/* Establishes a new block formatting context to insulate descendants from
 * the floating sidebar. */
.main-content {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  zoom: 1; /* new block formatting context via hasLayout for IE 6/7 */
}

Try it yourself
Go to JS Bin to play around with the code and see how this solution is built from the ground up.
Traditional clearfix methods considered harmful
The problem with the traditional clearfix solutions is that they use two different rendering concepts to achieve the same goal for IE and everyone else. In IE they use hasLayout to establish a new block formatting context, but for everyone else they use generated boxes (:after) with clear: both, which does not establish a new block formatting context. This means things won't behave the same in all situations. For an explanation of why this is bad, see Everything you Know about Clearfix is Wrong.

A: honestly; all solutions seem to be a hack to fix a rendering bug ... am i wrong?
i've found
 to be the easiest, simplest. seeing class="clearfix" everywhere can't stroke the sensibilities of someone who objects to extraneous markeup elements, can it? you're just painting the problem on a different canvas.
i also use the display: hidden solution, which is great and requires no extra class declarations or html markup ... but sometimes you need the elements to overflow the container, for eg. pretty ribbons and sashes

A: .clearFix:after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;
}

A: A new display value seems to the job in one line.
display: flow-root;

From the W3 spec: "The element generates a block container box, and lays out its contents using flow layout. It always establishes a new block formatting context for its contents."
Information:
https://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/#valdef-display-flow-root
https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5769454877147136
※As shown in the link above, support is currently limited so fallback support like below may be of use:
https://github.com/fliptheweb/postcss-flow-root

A: The newest standard, as used by Inuit.css and Bourbon - two very widely used and well-maintained CSS/Sass frameworks:
.btcf:after {
    content:"";
    display:block;
    clear:both;
}

Notes
Keep in mind that clearfixes are essentially a hack for what flexbox layouts can now provide in a much easier and smarter way. CSS floats were originally designed for inline content to flow around - like images in a long textual article - and not for grid layouts and the like. Unless you're specifically targeting old (not Edge) Internet Explorer, your target browsers support flexbox, so it's worth the time to learn.
This doesn't support IE7. You shouldn't be supporting IE7. Doing so continues to expose users to unfixed security exploits and makes life harder for all other web developers, as it reduces the pressure on users and organisations to switch to safer modern browsers.
This clearfix was announced and explained by Thierry Koblentz in July 2012. It sheds unnecessary weight from Nicolas Gallagher's 2011 micro-clearfix. In the process, it frees a pseudo-element for your own use. This has been updated to use display: block rather than display: table (again, credit to Thierry Koblentz).

A: Using overflow:hidden/auto and height for ie6 will suffice if the floating container has a parent element.
Either one of the #test could work, for the HTML stated below to clear floats.
#test {
  overflow:hidden; // or auto;
  _height:1%; forces hasLayout in IE6
}

In cases when this refuses to work with ie6, just float the parent to clear float.
#test {
  float: left; // using float to clear float
  width: 99%;
}

Never really needed any other kind of clearing yet. Maybe it's the way I write my HTML.

A: With LESS (http://lesscss.org/), one can create a handy clearfix helper:
.clearfix() {
  zoom: 1;
  &:before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
  }
  &:after {
    content: '';
    display: table;
    clear: both;
  }
}

And then use it with problematic containers, for example:

/* LESS */
div#container {
  .clearfix();
}

A: With SASS, the clearfix is:
@mixin clearfix {
    &:before, &:after {
        content: '';
        display: table;
    }
    &:after {
        clear: both;
    }
    *zoom: 1;
}

and it's used like:
.container {
    @include clearfix;
}

if you want the new clearfix:
@mixin newclearfix {
    &:after {
        content:"";
        display:table;
        clear:both;
    }
}

A: I have tried all these solutions, a big margin will be added to  element automatically when I use the code below:
.clearfix:after {
    visibility: hidden;
    display: block;
    content: ".";
    clear: both;
    height: 0;
}

Finally, I solved the margin problem by adding font-size: 0; to the above CSS.

A: I'd float #content too, that way both columns contain floats. Also because it will allow you to clear elements inside #content without clearing the side bar.
Same thing with the wrapper, you'd need to make it a block formatting context to wrap the two columns.
This article mentions a few triggers you can use:
block formatting contexts.

A: A clearfix is a way for an element to automatically clear after itself,
so that you don't need to add additional markup.
.clearfix:after {
   content: " "; /* Older browser do not support empty content */
   visibility: hidden;
   display: block;
   height: 0;
   clear: both;
}
.cleaner {
  clear: both;
}

Normally you would need to do something as follows:

Sidebar

With clearfix, you only need to

Sidebar

A: I recommend using the following, which is taken from http://html5boilerplate.com/
/* >> The Magnificent CLEARFIX << */

.clearfix:after {
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  clear: both;
  visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix {
  display: inline-block;
}
* html .clearfix {
  height: 1%;
} /* Hides from IE-mac \*/
.clearfix {
  display: block;
}

A: The overflow property can be used to clear floats with no additional mark-up:
.container { overflow: hidden; }

This works for all browsers except IE6, where all you need to do is enable hasLayout (zoom being my preferred method):
.container { zoom: 1; }

http://www.quirksmode.org/css/clearing.html

A: Why just trying to use css hack to do what 1 line of HTML do the job. And why not to use semantic html tu put break to return to the line?
Fo me is realy better to use :

And if you don't want any style in your html you just have to use class for your break

and put .clear { clear:both; } in your CSS.
Advantage of this:

*

*Semantic use of html for return to the line

*If no CSS load it will be working

*No need extra CSS code and Hack

*no need to simulate the br with CSS, it's already exist in HTML

A: Assuming you're using this HTML structure:

Here's the CSS that I would use:
div#container {
    overflow: hidden;    /* makes element contain floated child elements */
}

div#content, div#sidebar {
    float: left;
    display: inline;    /* preemptively fixes IE6 dobule-margin bug */
}

I use this set all the time and it works fine for me, even in IE6.

A: I always use the micro-clearfix :
.cf:before,
.cf:after {
    content: " ";
    display: table;
}

.cf:after {
    clear: both;
}

/**
 * For IE 6/7 only
 */
.cf {
    *zoom: 1;
}

In Cascade Framework I even apply it by default on block level elements. IMO, applying it by default on block level elements gives block level elements more intuitive behavior than their traditonal behavior. It also made it a lot easier for me to add support for older browsers to Cascade Framework (which supports IE6-8 as well as modern browsers).

A: Unlike other clearfixes, here is an open-ended one without containers
Other clearfixes either require the floated element to be in a well marked off container or need an extra, semantically empty
. Conversely, clear separation of content and markup requires a strict CSS solution to this problem.
The mere fact that one needs to mark off the end of a float, does not allow for unattended CSS typesetting.
If the latter is your goal, the float should be left open for anything (paragraphs, ordered and unordered lists etc.) to wrap around it, until a "clearfix" is encountered. For example, the clearfix might be set by a new heading.
This is why I use the following clearfix with new headings:
h1 {
    clear: both;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
}

This solution gets used extensively on my website to solve the problem: The text next to a floated miniature is short and the top-margin of the next clearing object is not respected.
It also prevents any manual intervention when automatically generating PDFs from the site.
Here is an example page.

A: I've found a bug in the official CLEARFIX-Method:
The DOT doesn't have a font-size.
And if you set the height = 0 and the first Element in your DOM-Tree has the class "clearfix" you'll allways have a margin at the bottom of the page of 12px :)
You have to fix it like this:
/* float clearing for everyone else */
.clearfix:after{
  clear: both;
  content: ".";
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  font-size: 0;
}

It's now part of the YAML-Layout ... Just take a look at it - it's very interesting!
http://www.yaml.de/en/home.html

A: This is quite a tidy solution:
/* For modern browsers */
.cf:before,
.cf:after {
    content:"";
    display:table;
}

.cf:after {
    clear:both;
}

/* For IE 6/7 (trigger hasLayout) */
.cf {
    zoom:1;
}

It's known to work in Firefox 3.5+, Safari 4+, Chrome, Opera 9+, IE 6+
Including the :before selector is not necessary to clear the floats,
  but it prevents top-margins from collapsing in modern browsers. This
  ensures that there is visual consistency with IE 6/7 when zoom:1 is
  applied.

From http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/

A: Clearfix from bootstrap:
.clearfix {
  *zoom: 1;
}

.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after {
  display: table;
  line-height: 0;
  content: "";
}

.clearfix:after {
  clear: both;
}

A: Depending upon the design being produced, each of the below clearfix CSS solutions has its own benefits.
The clearfix does have useful applications but it has also been used as a hack. Before you use a clearfix perhaps these modern css solutions can be useful:

*

*css flexbox

*css grid

Modern Clearfix Solutions

Container with overflow: auto;
The simplest way to clear floated elements is using the style overflow: auto on the containing element. This solution works in every modern browsers.

Your content here…

One downside, using certain combinations of margin and padding on the external element can cause scrollbars to appear but this can be solved by placing the margin and padding on another parent containing element.
Using 'overflow: hidden' is also a clearfix solution, but will not have scrollbars, however using hidden will crop any content positioned outside of the containing element.
Note: The floated element is an img tag in this example, but could be any html element.

Clearfix Reloaded
Thierry Koblentz on CSSMojo wrote: The very latest clearfix reloaded. He noted that by dropping support for oldIE, the solution can be simplified to one css statement. Additionally, using display: block (instead of display: table) allows margins to collapse properly when elements with clearfix are siblings.
.container::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

This is the most modern version of the clearfix.

⋮
⋮
Older Clearfix Solutions
The below solutions are not necessary for modern browsers, but may be useful for targeting older browsers.
Note that these solutions rely upon browser bugs and therefore should be used only if none of the above solutions work for you.
They are listed roughly in chronological order.

"Beat That ClearFix", a clearfix for modern browsers
Thierry Koblentz' of CSS Mojo has pointed out that when targeting modern browsers, we can now drop the zoom and ::before property/values and simply use:
.container::after {
    content: "";
    display: table;
    clear: both;
}

This solution does not support for IE 6/7 …on purpose!
Thierry also offers: "A word of caution: if you start a new project from scratch, go for it, but don't swap this technique with the one you have now, because even though you do not support oldIE, your existing rules prevent collapsing margins."

Micro Clearfix
The most recent and globally adopted clearfix solution, the Micro Clearfix by Nicolas Gallagher.
Known support: Firefox 3.5+, Safari 4+, Chrome, Opera 9+, IE 6+
.container::before, .container::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
}
.container::after {
  clear: both;
}
.container {
  zoom: 1;
}

Overflow Property
This basic method is preferred for the usual case, when positioned content will not show outside the bounds of the container.
http://www.quirksmode.org/css/clearing.html
- explains how to resolve common issues related to this technique, namely, setting width: 100% on the container.
.container {
  overflow: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  display: block;
}

Rather than using the display property to set "hasLayout" for IE, other properties can be used for triggering "hasLayout" for an element.
.container {
  overflow: hidden;
  zoom: 1;
  display: block;
}

Another way to clear floats using the overflow property is to use the underscore hack. IE will apply the values prefixed with the underscore, other browsers will not. The zoom property triggers hasLayout in IE:
.container {
  overflow: hidden;
  _overflow: visible; /* for IE */
  _zoom: 1; /* for IE */
}

While this works... it is not ideal to use hacks.

PIE: Easy Clearing Method
This older "Easy Clearing" method has the advantage of allowing positioned elements to hang outside the bounds of the container, at the expense of more tricky CSS.
This solution is quite old, but you can learn all about Easy Clearing on Position Is Everything: http://www.positioniseverything.net/easyclearing.html

Element using "clear" property
The quick and dirty solution (with some drawbacks) for when you're quickly slapping something together:

Drawbacks

*

*It's not responsive and thus may not provide the desired effect if layout styles change based upon media queries. A solution in pure CSS is more ideal.

*It adds html markup without necessarily adding any semantic value.

*It requires a inline definition and solution for each instance rather than a class reference to a single solution of a "clearfix" in the css and class references to it in the html.

*It makes code difficult to work with for others as they may have to write more hacks to work around it.

*In the future when you need/want to use another clearfix solution, you won't have to go back and remove every
 tag littered around the markup.

A: You could also put this in your CSS:
.cb:after{
  visibility: hidden;
  display: block;
  content: ".";
  clear: both;
  height: 0;
}

*:first-child+html .cb{zoom: 1} /* for IE7 */

And add class "cb" to your parent div:

You will not need to add anything else to your original code...

A:

#content{float:left;}
#sidebar{float:left;}
.clear{clear:both; display:block; height:0px; width:0px; overflow:hidden;}

text 1

text 2

A: It is so simple clearfix clears the issue by when we using the float properties inside the div element.If we use two div elements one as float:left; and other one as float:right; we can use clearfix for the parent of the two div element. If we refuse to use clearfix unnecessary spaces fill with contents below and site structure will be broken.

A: Have you tried this:

I haven't had any problems with this method.

A: My Favourite Method is to create a clearfix class in my css / scss document as below
.clearfix{
    clear:both;
}

And then call it in my html document as shown below

    Some Content before the clearfix

    Some more content after the clearfix

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OpenOffice -- Complete Office suite including word processor, spreadsheet, presentations, graphics, databases, and math equations.
LibreOffice -- Brother of OpenOffice and perhaps more actively developed.
Calligra -- Complete office suite.
Google Docs -- Complete office suite available with web interface. Excellent for collaboration.
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HTML PDF -- Web tool to convert web pages to PDF files.
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VideoLAN Movie Creator -- Nonlinear editing software for video creation.
MPEG Streamclip -- Simple movie editor and converter.
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Format Factory -- Convert videos, audio, and pictures. Repair damaged video and audio. DVD ripper.
Freemake Video Converter -- Convert to and from virtually any video format including online video. Great program, but loaded with addware.
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FFmpeg -- Record, convert, and stream audio and video.
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Blender Materials -- Large library of materials models for Blender.
Sverchok -- Parametric tool for architecture and design. Lets you program object's form without knowing programming languages.
Tissue -- Computational geometry capable of producing very complex designs.
Blender Guru -- Site devoted to helping you understand Blender and create amazing results you can be proud of.
Fusion 360 -- Cloud based modeling. Free to students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and startups.
FreeCAD -- Parametric 3D modeler with good import/export.
Tinkercad -- A simple, online 3D design and 3D printing app for everyone.
Meshmixer -- Free AutoCAD software for 3D meshes.
Salome -- Open source CAD and integration platform for numerical simulation.
BRL-CAD -- Cross-platform and open source solid modeling system with ray tracing.
Creo Elements/Direct Modeling Express -- 3D design and modeling.
DesignSpark Mechanical -- 3D design and modeling.
Heeks CAD/CAM -- 3D design and modeling and generation of g-code for manufacturing.
ImplicitCAD -- Web based 3D CAD with script interface.
CoffeeSCad -- Web based 3D CAD with script interface.
OpenSCAD -- 3D CAD with a scripting interface.
OpenJSCAD -- A completely web based 3D CAD with a scripting interface.
PythonOCC -- 3D CAD development environment for python programming language.
Blender -- Powerful 3D surface modeler, scene renderer, movie editor, and animation creator.
Google SketchUp -- Excellent surface modeler, but limited import/export.
MeshMixer -- Good tool for combining STL files and for artistic editing of files.
Seamless3D -- 3D modeling and animation tool from MIT.
K-3D -- Freeform 3D modeling and animation software, but no rendering.
Autodesk Tools -- Lots of free products for students and eductors.
Voronator -- Online tool to tesselate any 3D model.
STLView -- A free STL viewer with touch-screen capability.
eDrawings Viewer -- Viewer software for SolidWorks, DWG, and DXF files.
Visit -- Interactive parallel visualization and graphical analysis tool for viewing scientific data.
Open Circuit Design Suite -- Open-source EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools including Magic, IRSIM, Netgen, PCB, and XCircuit.
EasyEDA -- Web-based EDA tool.
KiCad EDA -- A cross platform and open source electronics design automation suite. Includes schematic capture, PCB layout, and 3D viewer.
ExpressPCB -- Free PCB schematic and layout software. Low cost manufacturing along with it.
FreePCB -- Free, open-source PCB editor. Up to 16 copper layers, but no autorouting.
FreeRouting -- Free tool for autorouting PCBs.
TinyCAD -- Open source schematic capture software.
DesignSpark PCB -- Free software for schematic capture and layout.
gEDA -- Open source suite and toolkit for circuit design, schematic capture, simulation, prototyping, and production.
pcbWEB -- Free CAD application for designing and manufacturing electronics software.
ZenitPCB -- Free PCB layout.
SoloPCB -- Free PCB design software including schematic capture, PCB layout, and integrated autorouting.
LayoutEditor -- Free software to edit designs for MEMS and IC fabrication, PCB, multichip modules, and more.
LTspice -- Free high-performance spice simulator.
MeshLab -- for manipulating surface meshes with GUI.
CUBIT -- a full-featured software toolkit for robust generation of two- and three-dimensional finite element meshes (grids) and geometry preparation.
Instant-Meshes -- Interactive field-aligned mesh generator.
libigl -- Simple C++ geometry processing library.
gptoolbox -- Geometry processing toolbox for MATLAB.
Gmsh -- A 3D FEM mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing capabilities. Simple to use.
NETGEN -- Automatic 3D tetrhedral mesh generator from a CAD file.
TetGen -- A quality tetrahedral mesh generator and a 3D Delaunay triangulator.
CGAL -- Collection of geometric algorithms in C++ library.
MOAB -- Library of routines for meshes including parallel mesh generation.
TetMesh -- Automatically meshes a volume with an unstructured tetrahedral mesh.
OpenCSG -- Models complex solid 3D shapes by combining simpler ones.
ISO2MESH -- Matlab/Octave-based mesh generation and processing toolbox.
yobi3D -- Free 3D Models Search Engine. WARNING -- Tool does find models behind pay walls.
Thingiverse -- Free 3D models, primarily intended for 3D printing.
Meep -- FDTD package from MIT that supports parallel processing. No GUI.
gprMax -- 3D FDTD package desgigned for ground penetrating radar, but can do much more. Flexible script interface and supports parallel processing.
Angora -- Powerful FDTD package with text interface.
emGine -- FDTD package with GUI.
EM Explorer -- 3D FDTD package with GUI.
openEMS -- 3D FDTD package with GUI.
OpenFOAM -- Multiphysics FEM package with GUI.
MaxFEM -- FEM package with GUI.
FEMM -- FEM package with GUI.
Elmer -- Multiphysics FEM package with GUI.
Fenics Project -- Collection of software for automated, efficient solution of differential equations.
freeFEM -- PDE solver with its own scripting language. Multiphysics, nonlinear, 2D, and 3D.
4NEC2 -- NEC based antenna modeler and optimizer.
NEC-2 -- Method of moments engine with text punchcard interface.
MMANA-GAL -- Method of moments solver with GUI.
EMCoS Antenna VLab -- Free student version of MoM software with GUI.
EM3DS -- Excellent integral equation solver with GUI.
GLMoM -- Method of moments EM field simulator with GUI.
newFASANT -- Free student version of MoM based antenna and RCS calculator with GUI.
MIT Photonic-Bands -- PWEM package from MIT. No GUI.
MaxwellFDFD -- MATLAB-based package that solves frequency-domain Maxwell's equations using the finite-difference frequency-domain technique.
CAMFR -- Full-vectorial Maxwell solver based on the method of lines (i.e. eigen-mode expansion).
MMTL -- Multilayer multiconductor transmission line modeling suite.
Pic2Mag -- You draw magnets on the screen and Pic2Mag draws the magnetic lines.
FastHenry2, FastCap2, & FastModel -- Fast inductance and capactiance solves with GUI.
Qucs -- Quite universal circuit simulator with GUI.
OpenFilters -- Design and optimization tools for optical interference coatings.
BEAM FOUR -- Ray tracing and open source.
Opus -- Software application for designing and evaluating optical systems.
OptoCAD -- Tracing Gaussian TEM00 beams through an optical set-up.
OpenRayTrace -- Optical lens design software that performs ray tracing. It is built using python, wxPython, and PyOpenGL.
Goptical -- GNU Optical design and simulation library.
WinLens3D Basic -- Serious design and analysis tools for optical engineer, student or designer.
OpticalRayTracer -- A powerful, Java-based virtual optical bench.
ONELAB -- Lightweight interface to finite element software.
Salome -- Open source CAD and front end for numerical simulation.
Octave -- Excellent MATLAB clone with GUI.
Octave Online -- Web based Octave with GUI.
Scilab -- Powerful MATLAB like tool, but not a clone.
RLaBplus -- MATLAB clone for Linux.
MathFreeOn.com -- Mathematical data analysis engine over cloud.
SciPy -- Python programming language for science.
Spyder -- MATLAB like interface to scientific Python. -- Python programming language for science.
JuliaBox -- Completely web-based Julia environment. No install needed.
Juno -- A powerful environemnt for the Julia language.
deal.II -- An open source finite element library.
wxMaxima -- Document based interface for computer algebra system Maxima.
Mathics -- Web based computer algebra system featuring Mathematica compatible syntax and functions.
R -- A programming language for statistics and data visualization.
Jupyter -- Interactive data science and scientific computing across over 40 programming languages.
Processing -- Flexible software sketchbook for learning how to code within the context of the visual arts.
Eclipse -- Complete integrated development environment (IDE) for a variety of languages.
Pelles C -- A complete development kit for Windows including an optimizing C compiler, a macro assembler, a linker, a resource compiler, a message compiler, a code signing utility, a make utility and an install builder. It comes with an integrated development environment (IDE) with project management, debugger, profiler, source code editor, and resource editors for dialogs, menus, string tables, accelerator tables, bitmaps, icons, cursors, animated cursors, animation videos (AVI's without sound), versions and XP manifests.
Open CASCADE -- Software development platform in C++ that includes 3D surface and solid modeling, visualization and more.
Sublime Text -- A sophisticated text editor for code, markup, and prose.
MeshLab -- A powerful tool for manipulating and repairing meshes.
NetFabb Basic -- Mesh viewer and automatic repair.
FreeCAD -- Parametric 3D modeler with STL check and repair.
Microsoft Model Repair -- Completely automated web-based STL repair tool.
MeshFix -- Lightweight mesh repair tool.
ReMESH -- Interactive mesh repair tool.
Repetier -- Import, place, scale, rotate, and duplicate STL files. Slice, preview, and print.
Slic3r -- slicer for 3D printing and g-code generation.
Cura -- Prepars models for 3D printing by Ultimaker.
GpxUi -- a post processing utilityfor converting gcode output from slicing software to x3g files for standalone printing on Makerbot, ThingOMatic, and Replicator 1/2/2x printers.
Repetier-Host -- GUI for arranging models, slicing, g-code generation, and print monitoring.
MatterControl -- Powerful program with user definable presets.
OctoPrint -- Print anything from anywhere.
OctoPi -- Raspberry Pi printer driver.
Makerbot Desktop -- All-in-one software for printing from Makerbots.
yeggi -- Search engine for 3D printable models.
Thingiverse -- Large library of 3D models. Run by Makerbot.
YouMagine -- Website to share and collaborate 3D print designs. Run by Ultimaker.
My Mini Factory -- Website to buy parts and download STL files. Run by iMakr.
pinshape -- Find, share, and sell 3D print files.
GrabCAD -- Lots of free CAD files mainly for mechanical engineers to design faster.
3DVia -- Community of 3D models.
Cubehero -- GitHub for 3D printing. Can also request files.
Repables -- Simple site for exchanging 3D print files.
Libre 3D -- Website devoted to keeping 3D printing open source.


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Funny catchy headline for dating site
Rihanna Is Spending Valentine's Day in the Studio With Pharrell
Posted on September 19, 2018 January 2, 2021 by
Rihanna Revealed That Pharrell Williams Will Work With Her On Her New Album
Rihanna and Pharrell Williams Dating?
Is Pharrell Working on Rihanna's Upcoming Album? See What Some Fans Think Is a Hint
Pharrell's band N.E.R.D has finally released a new single with Rihanna called 'Lemon'
N.E.R.D & Rihanna – Lemon
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But Takeoff took his look one step further with a pair of round white sunglasses, which were reminiscent of the now-iconic pair worn by the late Kurt Cobain. It was a subtly punk rock move for an event that dared every guest to go as avant-garde as possible. Visually, white sunglasses are a hit for the Instagram generation—just ask Sofia Richie , whose posts featuring them have garnered almost , likes. For inspiration on how to wear the trend, look no further than Rihanna and Pharrell Williams. Sofia Richie is seen on March 02, in Los Angeles, California wearing white sunglasses styled casually with a t-shirt and jeans. Pharrell Williams performs onstage with Hans Zimmer during the Coachella music festival wearing round white sunglasses and a yellow Adidas sweatshirt. Rihanna is seen arriving at the Carlyle Hotel before the Met Gala wearing white sunglasses, white boots, and a blue fur stole. The former vlogger and model Amanda Steele is seen wearing white sunglasses and a bandeau top by the pool this spring. Future So Bright. Sofia Richie Sofia Richie is seen on March 02, in Los Angeles, California wearing white sunglasses styled casually with a t-shirt and jeans.
To be continued! Well, they antagonize me, too! So, they get it right back," she said.
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Former Pennsylvania U. Senator Arlen Specter is sampled in the song as the man saying "wait a minute. Several alternate versions of the songs were produced, including a version without the Rihanna feature which sees Pharrell rapping a similar verse , a radio edit, and an edited version submitted to streaming services that omits Pharrell's first verse.
The remix featuring Drake was released on March 17, The music video for "Lemon" was uploaded to N. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pharrell Williams Kuk Harrell. Digital download. Williams Robyn Fenty Aubrey Graham [7]. D and Rihanna bring plenty of zest to 'Lemon ' ". November 7, Retrieved November 15, Rihanna — Lemon Clean ".
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The Stones are working with music-rights organization Broadcast Music Inc. Read more: Rolling Stones threaten to sue Trump over music played at campaign events. Tom Petty would never want a song of his to be used in a campaign of hate. He liked to bring people together. President Trump, though, has been deemed notably discordant with the images that many artists wish to portray.
rihanna instagram.
Rihanna's new music is going to land in , the songstress has confirmed. Fans of the Fenty Beauty queen have been waiting for what feels like eternity for some new songs, but don't sweat – we've got all the info on Rihanna's ninth album right here. After unleashing her double-platinum eighth album in , Rihanna has dominated the charts worldwide with hits including the juggernaut Drake-assisted 'Work' , 'Needed Me' and many more. Despite not releasing any solo material in , Bad Gal has been slaying the fashion and beauty industries , as well as supporting her many philanthropic causes and featuring on a number of chart-topping singles.
Nevertheless, The Navy is always anticipating new material – as are the rest of the world – and are ready for the R9 era to begin. In November , Rihanna fans were convinced the singer revealed the name of her ninth album in an Instagram post.
T o say that has been a busy year for Robyn Rihanna Fenty would be an understatement. This year, the singer-turned-mogul launched a fashion line, Fenty Maison , with storied luxury giant LVMH—becoming the first woman to create an original brand for them and the first woman of color to front one of their fashion houses. She expanded her Fenty Beauty empire; starred in the film Guava Island alongside Donald Glover ; hosted an inclusive fashion show for her Savage x Fenty lingerie line which she streamed for all her fans; and released a lb.
This fact is not lost on Rihanna, who periodically trolls the Navy about their persistent pursuit of her ninth album, or as she dubbed it in an Instagram post, R9. The singer fanned the flames of this rumor when she posted a video on social media of herself at work in the studio. It makes no sense to rush it, but I want it out.
Pharrell. Date: Last updated: at Bruno Mars, Rihanna, Justin Timberlake and Katy Perry, but listeners can still expect some.
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By Kevin Kayhart For Dailymail. Rihanna hinted, and then outright promised, she would drop new music in But the new year and new decade rolled in without any new tunes.
Pharrell and his band collaborated with Rihanna for a new single. for serious relationships, but how do the dating sites compare in the UK?
Just when we've stopped obsessing over the possibility of new music, the artist shares another bit of information that gives us hope again. The latest news is that Pharrell Williams is working on the album, and the newly single Rihanna will spend her Valentine's Day working in the studio with the renowned producer.
Fans have been barraging the singer with questions about when the album will arrive, and it seems like she's totally sick of it. Instead, Rihanna's been focusing on her many other lucrative business ventures like Fenty Beauty, Savage X Fenty, and her fashion brand. The newly single Rihanna told The Cut about her Valentine's Day collection and teased about new music.
It was recently reported that Rihanna and her billionaire boyfriend of three years, Hassan Jameel, split. Now she's spending Valentine's Day in the studio and promoting her holiday lingerie collection. According to The Cut, Rihanna spilled some info about the ninth album at an event for her fashion brand. Pharrell Williams has worked with so many artists and is one of the best-known producers in the industry.
If Rihanna wanted to shave your head, would you let her? If your answer is a resounding yes, you have at least one thing in common with dancer Mette Towley. Last week, N. D, the funk hip-hop band fronted by Pharrell , dropped their music video for their comeback single "Lemon," featuring none other than Bad Gal RiRi. The video opens with the singer—wearing a sleek fringed bob, silver chain necklace and Raf Simons' "Nebraska" sweatshirt —wielding clippers in a hotel, giving pause with a laser-like stare into the camera before shaving off Towley's cloud of natural curls.
The there's-no-turning-back-now transformation plays into the video's "no one ever really dies" theme a play on the N.
Release history[edit]. Region, Date, Format, Version, Label, Ref. United States, November 1,
The last decade of music saw major artists break many of the rules about how to release an album. So in the era of surprise digital drops, and at the beginning of a new year of music, how do you make predictions about what's coming? Listen in the audio player or read on for an edited transcript of their conversation. We have a general idea about major artists who are putting out new music in the new year — what we often don't know is the exact date.
Like so many things in this world, we feel it coming, we just don't know when it's going to hit. Every now and then, someone like Drake does an interview and he kind of let's you know what's happening. That's what happened at the end of , so we got a sense of what he's working on. Drake released a single, it's called "War. What's going on? Carmichael: This is Drake in his full-on rap mode. There's no hook on this song; this is not for the club; this is not for the memes.
I think, you know, he feels like he has a little something to prove. He was, by most accounts, the artist of the decade — especially on the rap side, but maybe even as a pop artist.
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Lazar Markovic believes the reason he failed to shine at Liverpool last season was because Brendan Rodgers played him out of position on too many occasions.
The Serbia international, who arrived at Anfield in a £20 million deal from Benfica in the summer of 2014, is currently on a season-long loan deal with Fenerbahce after struggling to make a significant impact during his debut campaign in the Premier League.
Now that Rodgers has been axed by Liverpool, though, Markovic has taken the opportunity to confirm that he didn't see eye-to-eye with the Northern Irish coach.
"I didn't have a good relationship with the coach," Markovic told Portuguese newspaper A Bola, according to the Express's reliable Liverpool correspondent Paul Joyce. "That was a problem.
It was reported by the Liverpool Echo on Tuesday that Jurgen Klopp was considering the idea of bringing Markovic back to Anfield in January.
However, Joyce tweeted on Wednesday to confirm that the 21-year-old will be staying at Fenerbahce for the remainder of the season: Liverpool are unable to recall him in the New Year.
Here's how Liverpool fans have reacted to that news.
Markovic established his reputation as one of European football's most exciting talents during his one season with Benfica, where he scored seven goals in 49 appearances and helped guide the Portuguese club to the Europa League final.
Rodgers must take responsibility for the fact he failed Markovic last season, although sending him out on loan for the season to gain valuable first-team experience wasn't a terrible decision.
Because of his lightning-quick pace, Markovic should be able to become a real asset for Liverpool under Klopp.
But he'll need to prove that he also possesses the required work ethic to flourish under the former Borussia Dortmund boss.
Liverpool fans: was Brendan Rodgers to blame for the fact Lazar Markovic failed to shine last season? Have your say by leaving a comment in the box below!


It was such a thrill to be part of an event where five new books were launched. The fine people at Quattro Books really know how to put on a party; and they really know how to produce diverse and eclectic works of poetry and fiction. It was a privilege to stand on the stage and look out over the standing-room-only crowd and read bits and pieces of short stories to them from A Certain Grace, and then to sit down and listen to the other four authors read from their new books.
New books, new combinations of words creating brand-new poems and stories; interested and appreciative listeners eager to go home and finish reading what we'd started; a publisher willing and eager to put these words out in the world… It doesn't get any better!
Now I must put the final polish on a piece I'm quite excited about, a guest blog post that will appear in the near future. It combines two of my favourite artists, Elizabeth Bishop and Buster Keaton, and that's all I dare say without giving it all away! I'll link to it in my next regular post. You may want to pour yourself a cup of tea and have a sit.


text:
Gunvor Kronman appointed as new chair
Gunvor Kronman, the CEO of Hanaholmen Cultural Centre and expert on development issues and international co-operation, has been elected to lead Plan International's board.
Gunvor Kronman, from Finland, brings more than 20 years' experience in development and humanitarian work and was appointed for her strong leadership and management expertise and commitment to Plan International's mission.
"In my work, I am inspired by the meaning I find in trying to make the world a slightly better place. I cannot imagine a better way to do that than to promote equality and a better life for children, especially girls." Kronman said.
Strengthening political forces
The new chair sees the strengthening of political forces and extremism seeking to undermine the rights of girls and young women as particularly burning issues around the world, including in the EU.
"I want Plan International to co-operate strongly during my term with other actors promoting girls' rights and with feminist and other partners so that we can resist reactionary forces and defend the results already achieved in equality and the position of girls," she added.
"This year, we've also seen the social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic hit particularly hard on girls who are already in the most vulnerable position. The pandemic has affected the lives of girls so devastatingly that the progress made over the last 25 years is at risk of being lost, and we must do everything we can to stop that happening. Organisations and states must now work together to tackle the enormous challenges they face and defend their rights around the world."
Equality expertise and strategic thinking
Kronman, PhD., has worked in management positions in the private, public and NGO sectors for more than 20 years, both in Finland and internationally. From 2010 to 2015, she served as the chair of the board of Plan International Finland, and in 2015 took up the role of vice-chair of Plan International, the charity's international umbrella organisation.
She has also held significant international positions in the Red Cross for 16 years and served as the vice-chair of the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) and the chair of the Development Policy Committee for 10 years.
"Over the past 10 years, Plan International has become increasingly focused on the status and rights of the girls in the most vulnerable positions in the world, and Plan has become a major equality actor and an expert in the position of girls in the international arena. Gunvor Kronman's strong equality expertise, strategic thinking and ability to build bridges between different actors and countries have played a significant role in this change, both in Finland and in the international organisation as a whole," says Ossi Heinänen, Secretary General of Plan International Finland.
Kronman has been elected chair of the board for a three-year term lasting from 2021 to 2023.
For more information or interviews please contact:
Anna Könönen, Communications Director, Plan International Finland, tel. +358 (0)50 555 8098


The mission of KIPP San Francisco College Preparatory is to prepare all students with the academic skills, knowledge, and strength of character to succeed in college and in the competitive world beyond. Through a rigorous college-prep curriculum that emphasizes critical thinking, analytical writing, and public speaking, students will be empowered to take ownership of their own education and achieve success not only as students, but also as active citizens engaged in their communities.
KIPP San Francisco College Prep is a free, open-enrollment, public charter school open to all students in San Francisco. The high school opened in the fall of 2013 and is now preparing to graduate its third cohort of students this June.
As I walk across the stage with my college diploma, I am going to be very grateful for everyone who helped me along the way. KIPP is like my second family.
Dr. Savina Woodyard is a Bay Area native, hailing from Oakland, California. She graduated from UCLA in 2005 and joined the Los Angeles Teach For America Corps, teaching English at David Starr Jordan high School. She completed her Masters in Education from Loyola Marymount University in 2007, and in 2008, she joined Green Dot Public School as a part of their transformation project of Locke High School. She graduated from the University of Southern California with her Doctorate in Education in 2011 and was accepted into the Miles Family Fellowship, a part of the KIPP Leadership pipeline. She worked as an Assistant Principal for two years at KIPP Academy of Opportunity, before returning to the Bay Area to help open KIPP San Francisco College Preparatory, as a founding Dean of Instruction and College Counselor. In the school's second year, she moved into the role of Assistant Principal and took over as the principal of the school in the Fall of 2017.


TIP- To quickly access to the monster you're looking for type ( ctrl+f ) and type the monsters name. You can also use ( ctrl+f ) to type an item name if you have a certain item you would like to find.
Thanks for the feedback guys! Will try to get up a full "Monsters Location Guide" soon.


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