text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted in the majority of today and future communication standards such as IEEE 802.11, 3GPP's LTE-Advanced, due to its robustness to multipath fading. The performance of these systems with increased sub-carriers is heavily dependent on an increased sensitivity to mismatched conditions such as frequency offset and phase noise \cite{pollet_tcom95} as well as transmission nonlinearity caused by the non-constant power ratio of OFDM symbols \cite{goeckel_ofdm02,baxley_ofdm04}.

In \cite{haas_pimrc09,haas_globecom11}, the so-called sub-carrier index modulation scheme modified the classical OFDM systems treating the sub-carrier index as additional resource to decrease the bit error rate (BER) faster than the classical OFDM at a low complexity with only a few sub-carrier activation. The effects of channel estimation errors on the approximate pairwise error probability (PEP) of the OFDM modulating the index of sub-carrier was more recently discussed in \cite{basar_tsp13}.

The contribution of this letter is twofold. We first generalizes the BER expression of a joint multi-carrier index keying and OFDM (MCIK-OFDM) that is based on any number of active sub-carriers and includes expressions for the number of bit errors by both the MCIK and the OFDM transmissions.
In \cite{haas_pimrc09,haas_globecom11}, the BER is limited by a fixed number of active sub-carriers that differs from what we consider herein. For example, the approach in \cite{haas_globecom11} cannot be used directly with both a small and a large number of active sub-carriers. Our contribution is secondly to analyze the performance of the MCIK-OFDM system deriving a tight upper bound on the BER in the presence of imperfect and perfect detection of active indices.

\section{Joint MCIK-OFDM System Model}
\label{sec:sys}

We consider a peer-to-peer M-QAM OFDM transmission with $N_c$ sub-carriers that consists of $n$ clusters of $N$ sub-carriers (i.e., $N_c=n N$).
A stream of M-QAM symbols is first serial-to-parallel converted, where every $n\, (\leq N_c)$ symbols are grouped into a vector $\mathbf{s}=[s_{1}, s_{2},\cdots,s_{n}]^T$ and $s_i\in{\cal S}$ are used to modulate sub-carriers, as in the classical OFDM, but it differs from that the modulated sub-carriers are only those of $n$ activated indices, similar to \cite{haas_pimrc09,haas_globecom11}. For the $n$ active indices, a different stream of $m_0$ bits per cluster is used to randomly select one out of $N$ indices of sub-carriers, and thus $n$ randomly activated sub-carriers at every transmit interval. In this process, namely multi-carrier index keying (MCIK),
the $n m_0$ bits streams modulate a combination of the $n$ indices of sub-carriers that are mutually modulated by the above $n$ symbols streams.
Note that there are $L=N^n$ combinations available, where for the simplicity in analysis $L$ is assumed to be $L=2^{\lfloor \log_2 {\rm B}(N_c,n) \rfloor}$ and ${\rm B}(,)$ denotes the binomial coefficient. After modulating both the active indices of sub-carriers (by MCIK) and the sub-carriers of the active indices (by OFDM), $\mathbf{s}$ is mapped to $n$ sub-carriers of the active indices. A combination of the active indices is denoted by $\mathbf{x}_l$, i.e., $\mathbf{x}_l=[i_1,\cdots,i_n]$ where $i_\beta\in\{1,\cdots,N_c\}$ for $\beta=1,\cdots,n$. Note that $N_c-n$ inactive sub-carriers are zero padded to represent no transmission of M-QAM symbols on these \cite{haas_globecom11}. Taking into account both $\mathbf{x}_l$ and $\mathbf{s}$, then, the OFDM block to transmit forms the $N_c\times 1$ OFDM block as
$\mathbf{s}_F=[s(1),\cdots,s(N_c)]^T$ where $s(k)\in\{0,{\cal S}\}, \forall k$. Unlike the classical OFDM, $\mathbf{s}_F$ in the proposed system comprises $N_c-n$ zero elements whose indices help carry information of $n m_0$ bits. Supposing that the channel has a discrete-time impulse response during the OFDM block interval in the frequency domain defined as $\mathbf{h}_F=[h(1),\cdots, h(N_c)]$ where $h(k)$ for $k\in \mathbf{x}_l$ represent Rayleigh fading channel, being independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) complex Gaussian with zero mean and unit variance, i.e., $h(k)\sim{\cal CN}(0,1)$, and others for $k\notin \mathbf{x}_l$ are zeros. The fading channel is assumed to be quasi-static so that the channel gains vary from one OFDM block to another. The input-output model in the frequency domain can be equivalently given by
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{y} = \mathbf{h} \mathbf{S} + \mathbf{n}
\label{eq:io}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{y}=[y(1),\cdots,y(N_c)]$, $\mathbf{h}=[h(i_1),\cdots,h(i_n)]$ with $i_\beta\in\mathbf{x}_l$, $\mathbf{S}$ is the $n\times N_c$ matrix such that
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{S}=\text{diag} \left( \mathbf{s}_{1,\alpha_1}, \cdots, \mathbf{s}_{n,\alpha_n} \right)
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha_\beta}=[\mathbf{0}_{1\times \alpha_\beta-1}, \, s(i_\beta), \,\mathbf{0}_{1\times N-\alpha_\beta}]$, $\alpha_\beta$ indicates the location of the active sub-carrier within cluster~$\beta$, i.e., $i_\beta=(\beta-1)N+\alpha_\beta$ and $\alpha_\beta\in\{1,\cdots,N\}$, $s(i_\beta) \in {\cal S}$ is the M-ary symbol, and $\mathbf{n}=[n(1),\cdots,n(N_c)]$ denotes the independent, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) vector, i.e., $n(k)\sim{\cal CN}(0,N_o), \forall k$. We denote the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by $\rho=E_s/N_o$ where $E_s$ denotes the average power for the M-QAM symbol.

\section{BER analysis}
\label{sec:ber}

The joint MCIK-OFDM scheme can transmit the total number of $m_t$ bits that is the sum of two information rates: $m_{0}=\log_2(L)=n\log_2 N$ bits by the MCIK; and simultaneously $m_1$ bits (or $n$ symbols in $\mathbf{s}$) by the OFDM, i.e., $m_1 = n\log_2 M $. Therefore, the MCIK-OFDM scheme offers $m_t=m_0 + m_1$ (bits/symbol).

Let us define the BER of the proposed scheme as the ratio of the number of bits in error to the total number of bits in transmission, which can be given:
\begin{equation}
P_b = \frac{\text{Num. of bits in error}~(m_e)}{\text{Num. of bits in transmission}~(m_t)}
\label{eq:pb}
\end{equation}
where the numerator $m_e$ is the sum of bit errors among the $n$ clusters, i.e., $m_e=\sum_{\beta=1}^n m_{e,\beta}$.

The bit errors of $m_{e,\beta}$
result from three error cases:
 \begin{itemize}
 \item[(i)] an incorrect index of active sub-carrier and an incorrect M-ary symbol;
 \item[(ii)] an incorrect index of active sub-carrier and a correct M-ary symbol; and
 \item[(iii)] a correct index of active sub-carrier and an incorrect M-ary symbol.
 \end{itemize}
The bit errors caused by only the incorrect index in cases~(i), (ii) is denoted by $m_{e_0,\beta}$ while those by the incorrect M-ary symbol in cases~(i), (iii) by $m_{e_1,\beta}$.
Thus, per cluster, we have $m_{e,\beta}=m_{e0,\beta} + m_{e1,\beta}$ with \emph{$m_{e0,\beta}$ and $m_{e1,\beta}$ being the numbers of bit errors by the MCIK and the OFDM,} respectively.

To compute \eqref{eq:pb}, we first focus on $m_{e,\beta}$ per cluster since each cluster independently modulates and demodulates $m_t/n$ bits; we examine the expressions for both $m_{e0,\beta}$ and $m_{e1,\beta}$ which has been overlooked by others in this field.
$m_{e,\beta}$ of all the clusters will be used later to express $m_e$ and thus, the overall BER.

Unlike the classical OFDM, the maximum likelihood (ML) detector only on $s(k)$ based on $y(k)$ is not sufficient to retrieve $m$ bits in the proposed system. This is because the MCIK-OFDM conveys another bits by the random combination of active indices. Thus, we demand two decision processes: a likelihood ratio test (LRT) detects $\mathbf{x}_l$ (and thus $m_0$); and the ML detector retrieves $m_1$ bits from the sub-carriers of the corrected and equalized active indices from the estimate $\hat{\mathbf{x}}_l$. This decoder is optimal at the cost of the additional decoder of sub-carrier index (e.g., see \cite{basar_tsp13} for details).

\subsection{Number of bit errors of the MCIK}

We examine $m_{e0,\beta}$. For this, let $(\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,{\tilde\alpha}})$ denote the pairwise error event (PEE) that in cluster~$\beta$ $\alpha$ is incorrectly detected as $\tilde\alpha$ for $\alpha,\tilde{\alpha} \in\{1,\cdots,N\}$ and $\alpha \neq \tilde{\alpha}$, given that $\alpha$ is transmitted within cluster~$\beta$. Then, given the PEE and $\mathbf{h}$, $m_{e,\beta}$ of each cluster can be obtained, using the union bound, as
\begin{equation}
m_{e,\beta} \leq \sum_\alpha \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq \alpha} P\left( \mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,{\tilde\alpha}} \right)
\frac{1}{N} \, \tilde m_{e,\beta}(\alpha, \tilde\alpha)
\label{eq:me}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde m_{e,\beta}(\alpha, \tilde\alpha)$ denotes the number of bit errors on both the sub-carrier index domain and the M-ary complex domain, i.e., $\tilde m_{e,\beta}(\alpha, \tilde\alpha)=\tilde m_{e0,\beta} + \tilde m_{e1,\beta}$. Here, $\tilde m_{e0,\beta}$ and $\tilde m_{e1,\beta}$ are for $m_{e0,\beta}$ and $m_{e1,\beta}$, respectively, conditioned on the PEE $(\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha})$. In \eqref{eq:me}, $P(\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha} )$ is the conditional pairwise error probability (PEP) of deciding $\tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}$ given that $\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha}$ and $\mathbf{h}$ are used, and the priori probabilities of $\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha}$ are equally likely.

Using the LRT in \cite{smkay}, the well-known conditional PEP expression in \eqref{eq:me} can be expressed:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:cpep}
P(\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}) = Q\left( \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{|| h(i_\beta)\, (\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} - \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}) ||^2}{N_0}} \right)
\end{equation}
where $Q(x)\triangleq\pi^{-1}\int_{0}^{\pi/2}{\rm e}^{-x^2 /
2\sin^2\theta} \mathrm{d}\theta$ is the error function. Define $d_{\beta}= \gamma_\beta \| (\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} - \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}) \|^2= 2 E_s \gamma_\beta$, where $\gamma_\beta=|h(i_\beta)|^2$ has a chi-squared distribution with two degrees of freedom. Then, \eqref{eq:cpep} can be simplified to
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:cpep2}
P(\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} \rightarrow \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}) = Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_\beta E_s}{2 \,N_0}} \right).
\end{equation}

Given \eqref{eq:cpep2}, $m_{e0,\beta}$ from \eqref{eq:me} can be obtained as
\begin{equation}
m_{e0,\beta} \leq \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\alpha=1}^N \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_\beta E_s}{2 \,N_0}} \right) \tilde m_{e0,\beta}.
\label{eq:meb}
\end{equation}

In \eqref{eq:meb}, $\tilde m_{e0,\beta}$ can be obtained referring to the number of unmatched active sub-carriers on the PEE in \eqref{eq:cpep2} by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:tilde_me0}
\tilde m_{e0,\beta}= ||\mathbf{x}^+_\alpha - \mathbf{x}^+_{\tilde\alpha} ||^2   \qquad  \forall \alpha,\tilde\alpha
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{x}^+_a$ for $a\in\{\alpha,\tilde\alpha\}$ is an index-to-binary mapping so that the index $a$ represents a sequence of $(\log_2 N)$ bits, meaning that \eqref{eq:tilde_me0} is the Hamming distance between $\alpha$ and $\tilde\alpha$ (denoted by $H(\alpha,\tilde\alpha)$) that counts the number of bit errors caused by incorrect indices of sub-carriers.

Using \eqref{eq:tilde_me0} and \eqref{eq:meb}, $m_{e0,\beta}$ as a part of $m_{e,\beta}$ in \eqref{eq:pb} can be obtained based on the MCIK per cluster by
\begin{equation}
m_{e0,\beta}=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^N \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq \alpha=1}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) H(\alpha,\tilde\alpha).
\label{eq:me0}
\end{equation}
As seen in \eqref{eq:me0}, it is worth pointing out that $m_{e0,\beta}$ scales proportionally with the Hamming distance between binary sub-carrier indices while it decreases exponentially with the Euclidean distance $d_\beta=\gamma_\beta \| (\mathbf{s}_{\beta,\alpha} - \tilde{\mathbf{s}}_{\beta,\tilde\alpha}) \|^2$.

\subsection{Number of bit errors of the conditional OFDM}

We examine $m_{e1,\beta}$ of the M-QAM symbols. One term is added to \eqref{eq:me}, taking into account the bit errors of case~(iii). This is because the bit errors of the M-ary symbols can still occur even if the active sub-carriers are correctly detected.

So, $m_{e1,\beta}$ can be formulated for a given $\beta$ as
\begin{align}
\label{eq:cme1_1}
m_{e1,\beta} &\leq  \sum_\alpha \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq \alpha} P\left( \alpha \rightarrow \tilde\alpha \right) \frac{1}{N} \, \tilde m_{e1,\beta}  \\
\label{eq:cme1_2}
&+ \sum_\alpha \left( 1 - \prod_{\tilde\alpha\neq \alpha} P\left( \alpha \rightarrow \tilde\alpha \right) \right) \frac{1}{N} \, \breve m_{e1,\beta}.
\end{align}
As shown in \eqref{eq:cme1_1}-\eqref{eq:cme1_2}, $m_{e1,\beta}$ relate the two terms to case~(ii) and case~(iii): (1) conditional bit errors (CBEs) on the mis-detection of the active indices; and (2) CBEs on the correct detection of the active indices.

\subsubsection{CBEs on the mis-detected active indices} This CBE has regard to $\tilde m_{e1,\beta}$ from $\tilde m_{e,\beta}(\alpha, \tilde\alpha)$ in \eqref{eq:me}. Given the PEE ($\alpha_\beta \rightarrow \tilde \alpha_\beta$) for $\alpha_\beta\neq \tilde\alpha_\beta$, $s(i_\beta)$ should be determined from a non information-carrying sub-carrier. It means that $\tilde m_{e1,\beta}$ is determined without any knowledge of $s(i_\beta)$, leading to $\tilde m_{e1,\beta}=0.5\log_2 M$.

Then, \eqref{eq:cme1_1} for the CBEs on the mis-detected indices can be captured for cluster~$\beta$ as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:tilde_me1}
\frac{1}{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^N \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq \alpha=1}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) \frac{ \log_2 M }{2}
\end{equation}
where for a given $M$, $(\log_2 M) / 2$ represents $50$ percent detection accuracy of $\log_2 M$ transmit bits in the presence of the mis-detection, i.e., $\tilde\alpha \neq \alpha, \forall \alpha, \tilde\alpha$.

\subsubsection{CBEs on the correctly detected active indices}

We further derive \eqref{eq:cme1_2}. Intuitively, this equals the number of the bit errors in the classical M-QAM weighted by the probability of the correct detection that $\alpha \rightarrow \tilde\alpha$ for $\tilde\alpha=\alpha$. The probability of the correct detection of the active indices can be upper bounded by considering the joint probability of all PEEs. That is, \eqref{eq:cme1_2} for the CBEs can be represented by
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^N \left( 1- \prod_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) \right) \log_2 M P(\gamma_\beta|s(i_\beta))
\label{eq:pcd}
\end{equation}
where the term $\left( 1 - \prod (\cdot) \right)$ including the product of the PEPs is used to give a upper bound on the correct detection probability of the active sub-carriers, and
$P(\gamma_\beta|s(i_\beta))$ stands for the well-known BER of the M-ary QAM over the AWGN channel. For example, given $s(i_\beta)\in {\cal S}$ and the M-QAM, we have \cite{chha03}
\begin{equation}
P(\gamma_\beta|s(i_\beta))=\sum_{i=1}^{\Theta_M}C_{i} Q\left( \sqrt{c_{i} \, \gamma_\beta \rho} \right)
\label{eq:ber_awgn}
\end{equation}
where for a Gray-coded square M-QAM, the
constants $\Theta_M$, $C_{i}$, and $c_{i}$ can be found in
\cite{chha03}.

Using \eqref{eq:tilde_me1}-\eqref{eq:ber_awgn}, therefore, $m_{e1,\beta}$ of the conditional OFDM on cases (ii)-(iii) per cluster can be given by
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&m_{e1,\beta} = \frac{\log_2 M}{N}\sum_{\alpha=1}^N \Bigg\{ \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N  \frac{1}{2} Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right)   \Bigg.\\
\quad &+ \Bigg. \left( 1 - \prod_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N  Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) \right) P(\gamma_\beta|s(i_\beta)) \Bigg\}
\end{split}
\label{eq:me1_2}
\end{equation}
where notice that the first and the second terms represent the CBEs of the mis-detection and the CBEs of the correct detection of active sub-carriers, respectively. As observed in \eqref{eq:me1_2}, $m_{e1,\beta}$ for a given $\beta$ relies on only the Euclidean distance $d_\beta$, unlike $m_{e0,\beta}$ in \eqref{eq:me0}.

\subsection{Unconditional BER expression in closed--form}
Using the above observations, the overall BER in \eqref{eq:pb} can be obtained with respect to $m_{e0,\beta}$ and $m_{e1,\beta}$ of all the clusters. Then, \eqref{eq:pb} can be represented by
\begin{equation}
P_b = \frac{m_e}{m_t} = \frac{ \sum_{\beta=1}^n (m_{e0,\beta} + m_{e1,\beta}) }{ \log_2 N^n + n \log_2 M }.
\label{eq:pb2}
\end{equation}

Inserting \eqref{eq:me0} and \eqref{eq:tilde_me1} into the numerator of \eqref{eq:pb2},
the \emph{conditional} BER on the mis-detection is expressed in closed--form for given $N,n,$ and $M$ as
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
P_{b,c} &\leq  \sum_{\beta=1}^n \sum_{\alpha=1}^N \sum_{\tilde \alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) \frac{ H(\alpha,\tilde\alpha) }{m_t \, N} \\
 &+ \frac{\log_2 M}{m_t \, N} \sum_{\beta=1}^n \sum_{\alpha=1}^N \sum_{\tilde \alpha\neq\alpha=1}^N \frac{1}{2} \, Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4N_0}} \right).
\end{split}
\label{eq:cber1}
\end{equation}

The BER in \eqref{eq:cber1} is not the final BER but the conditional BER on the mis-detection cases (i)-(ii) only. It means that at favorable channels, \eqref{eq:cber1} does not address the case (iii) when $\alpha=\tilde\alpha$, relying on that the CBEs on the correct detection will get dominant in the BER.

Instead, inserting \eqref{eq:me0} and \eqref{eq:me1_2} into \eqref{eq:pb2}, the generalized expression for \emph{unconditional BER} of the MCIK-OFDM can be finally obtained in closed--form:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&P_{b} \leq \frac{1}{m_t \, N} \sum_\beta^n \sum_\alpha^N \sum_{\tilde \alpha\neq\alpha}^N Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) H(\alpha,\tilde\alpha) \\
 &+ \frac{\log_2 M}{m_t \, N} \sum_\beta^n \sum_\alpha^N
\Bigg\{ \sum_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha}^N  \frac{1}{2} Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) +  \Bigg.\\
\quad & \Bigg. \left( 1 - \prod_{\tilde\alpha\neq\alpha}^N  Q\left( \sqrt{\frac{d_\beta}{4 N_0}} \right) \right)
{\sum_{i=1}^{\Theta_M}C_{i} Q\left( \sqrt{ \tilde\rho \gamma_\beta } \right) \Bigg\} }
\end{split}
\label{eq:ber}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde\rho=c_{i}\, \rho$, the first and the second terms relate to the CBEs of the MCIK and the OFDM, respectively, on the mis-detection, and the last term represents the the CBEs of the OFDM based on the correct detection of the active sub-carrier indices. Note that this union bound based expression will be tight, as verified in Fig.~1.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{fig1.eps}
\caption{Average BER performance of the MCIK-OFDM system in the presence of both imperfect and perfect detection of MCIK symbols over the Rayleigh fading per sub-carrier.}
\label{fig:fig1}
\end{figure}

\section{Numerical evaluations and discussions}
\label{sec:num}

We consider the MCIK-OFDM systems with $N_c=128$ sub-carriers comprising of $n$ clusters of $N$ sub-carriers for various configurations of $(N,n)=\{(2,64), (4,32), (8,16)\}.$ The average BERs are obtained simply by taking the expectation of \eqref{eq:ber}.

Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1} depicts the average BER of the MCIK-OFDM on the Rayleigh flat fading per sub-carrier, considering the presence of both imperfect and perfect detection of active sub-carrier indices. The theoretical results are validated by simulations; the distance to the simulations decreases from 3~dB to within 1~dB as SNR increases. The accuracy improves further for the average BERs lower than $10^{-3}$.
This figure illustrates that the accuracy improves as $N$ (or $n$) decreases (increases). For small $N$, intuitively, the OFDM transmission gets a small number of the summation terms of the upper bound PEPs which improves the accuracy of the derived average BER.

\section{Conclusion}
We studied the MICK-OFDM system that modulates both the sub-carriers and their indices in order to convey the information bits via only a small subset of properly activated sub-carriers.
To measure the performance, we derived the tight upper bound BER expression in closed--form taking into account all the three conditional bit error cases on the activated index detection. The accuracy of the derived expression has been well validated by simulations and this accurate BER will be useful to evaluate various concepts of the MCIK-OFDM for low-complexity, energy-efficient applications.

\bibliographystyle{./IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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IIT Palakkad has signed an MoU with the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Thiruvananthapuram on 11 February 2021 to carry out collaborative R&D projects in the field of Power Electronics and Power Systems, Robotics, Control and Instrumentation, Embedded Systems and Internet of Things or any other technology research areas.
Memorandum of Understanding with National Highway Authority of India
IIT Palakkad has signed an MoU with the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) on 06 November 2020 for Institutional Social Responsibility (ISR) and Adopting of National Highway Stretches under Regional Offices of NHAI. The institute shall adopt the Palakkad - Kozhikode and Walayar - Vadakkenchery stretches of National Highways as a voluntary initiative under the ambit of Institutional Social Responsibility. NHAI shall facilitate the faculty, researchers and students of IIT Palakkad to familiarize with the latest trends in the highway/ transportation sector with a common objective of sharing the knowledge in their respective domains. NHAI shall also offer internship to undergraduate and post graduate students of IIT Palakkad and use the adopted stretch of NHs as a field of study.
Memorandum of Agreement with IIT Kanpur on cGanga
A Memorandum of Agreement has been signed on 07 November 2020 with the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur which is acting as the Lead Institute for the establishment of Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (cGanga) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. IIT Palakkad will be acting as a Member Institute of the consortium to develop the subject of River Science and Management, and participate in River Restoration and Conservation Programme of the Government of India as a Knowledge Partner. IIT Palakkad will also be participating in implementing various high impact projects, gathering, analytics and dissemination of various kinds of data and information relevant to restoration and conservation of rivers. Additionally it will also be engaging in brainstorming sessions and events organized under the relevant themes of cGanga.
Memorandum of Understanding with Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board
An MoU has been signed by IIT Palakkad with Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board (KIIFB) on 17 August 2020 for research, development, training and consulting in the field of infrastructure technology. IIT Palakkad will provide advice on the plans and designs of infrastructure systems, including various categories of roads. It also aims to promote research and development in infrastructure projects. KIIFB will also provide opportunities for the research scholars from IIT Palakkad for conducting internships and projects, in addition to organising workshops, expert lectures and webinars on relevant topics.
Memorandum of Understanding with Electro Optical Systems, Chennai
IIT Palakkad has signed an MoU with Electro Optical Systems (EOS), Chennai on 12 June 2020 for Research & Development in the field of Industry Additive Manufacturing Adaption. EOS will collaborate with IIT Palakkad in conducting AM adaption training programmes for industries and support them to develop the fundamentals of parts qualification. The work is mainly to include development of processes for design for AM, redesign of parts, powder reusability, process repeatability and to meet potential airworthiness compliance. EOS and IIT Palakkad would also work on qualification/ characterization of EOS materials for tooling and aerospace application. In addition, both the parties will cooperate on internships of B. Tech and M. Tech students and suitable projects.
Memorandum of Understanding with Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST)
An MoU was signed by IIT Palakkad and Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) Thiruvananthapuram on 06 April 2020 for the development of Automated workflow for Point of Care Portable Ultrasound that can be used in the care of patients with Covid-19. Currently, X-Ray / CT Scan are the commonly used diagnostic modalities for evaluating the lung condition of covid-19 patients in India – These are hazardous, costly and impractical for patients in ICUs/Hospital wards. Doctors in Italy have demonstrated the usefulness of Lung Ultrasound Scans for monitoring covid-19 patients on daily basis, which is highly useful for frequent monitoring and timely medical intervention to reduce the mortality. University of Trento, Italy, has shared a large database of Lung Ultrasound Scans of covid-19 patients with IIT Palakkad. Based on this data, an automated analysis of ultrasound lung scans using machine learning techniques will be developed and clinical trials in collaboration with Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, will be conducted. The technique developed could also be applied to monitor lung diseases other than covid.
Memorandum of Understanding with ITI Limited Palakkad
Public Sector Undertaking, ITI Limited Palakkad, has entered into an agreement with IIT Palakkad on 06 April 2020 for jointly developing Electronics & Controls of Portable Emergency Ventilator and Pulse Plethysmograph for Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Pulse Plethysmograph (PPG) is used for Continuous Monitoring of blood pulse, heart rate and oxygen saturation of patients in ICUs. The PPGs currently used in hospitals are costly (ranges from Rs 18,000 to Rs 30,000). Moreover, currently available PPGs do not have communication feature with nurse-station and hence the nurses will have to perform bedside monitoring of vital parameters, which is a difficult task in an ICU where several patients are treated.
Memorandum of Understanding with Kanjikode Industries Forum
IIT Palakkad has signed an MoU with Kanjikode Industries Forum (KIF) on 04 April 2020 for jointly developing Affordable Portable Emergency Ventilator that can be used in the care of patients with COVID-19. The ventilator will provide control over respiratory rate, pressure, tidal (breath) volume, inspiratory time, expiratory time and ventilator modes. The compact ventilator will be developed to cater to the breathing requirements of two patients simultaneously, each with independent control. IIT Palakkad will provide the design and support in developing the prototype whereas KIF will develop the prototype, demonstrate it's working and explore the manufacturing feasibility. The prototype development has commenced. The project is led by Dr. Afzaal Ahmed (Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering) and Dr. Sreenath V. (Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering) and supported by the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Fund of Federal Bank, Kerala.
Research Collaboration with ARM Inc
Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad and Arm University Program, India signed a Letter of Agreement on fostering Research and Teaching in the areas of Embedded Systems and System-on-Chip. Ms. Apurva Varma, Regional Manager, Arm University Program, India and Prof. Vinod A Prasad Dean ICSR signed the letter in the presence of Prof. P B Sunil Kumar, Director IIT Palakkad.
Research Collaboration with Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS)
IIT Palakkad and Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Kerala, have signed a research collaboration agreement on 25 September 2019 to carry out R&D programme on Assistive and Rehabilitation Technology. ICCONS is an autonomous neuro-specialty hospital & research institute established under Government of Kerala in 2000 – It is the first of its kind in Asia for comprehensive multidisciplinary management, research and rehabilitation of cognitive and communicative disorders such as Autism, Learning disability, Developmental language disorders, Mental retardation, Cerebral palsy, Hearing impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Dementia, Aphasia, etc.
Memorandum of Understanding with Gadgeon Smart Systems Pvt. Ltd., Kochi
An MoU was signed on September 19, 2019 with Gadgeon Smart Systems Pvt. Ltd. (GadgEon), Kakkanad, Kochi to conduct joint Research & Development in the areas of Healthcare and Biomedical technology, Wireless technology, Embedded systems, Home automation and Network systems.
Memorandum of Understanding with Aditri Neuroscience Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai
An MoU was signed on July 24, 2019 with Aditri Neuroscience Pvt. Ltd. (Neuroleap), Mumbai, India's leading applied neuroscience company, to promote research in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology for neuroenhancement and neurorehabilitation.
Research Collaboration with National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore
An agreement has been signed on 16 May 2019 with National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, to carry out a collaborative research project titled "Motor Imagery based Brain Computer Interface for Neurorehabilitation of Stroke patients". The project aims to develop an Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system that can decode the imagined hand movement kinematics from non-invasive EEG signals of stroke patients, who suffer from hand disability, for post-stroke rehabilitation. The long-term objective of the project is to develop an intention-driven BCI device that works as a tool for the neurorehabilitation of stroke patients.
Research Collaboration with Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Kasturba Medical College, Manipal)
IIT Palakkad signed an Agreement with Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Kasturba Medical College, Manipal) on 28 January 2019 for promoting institutional collaboration in education and research in Biomedical Engineering.
Research Collaboration with UST Global
An agreement was signed on November 30, 2018 with UST Global, a leading digital transformation solutions company, for joint R&D in cutting-edge technologies such as AI/ML and Brain-Machine Interface, internship and job placement for the students. For the joint R&D, students will work at UST Global's Infinity Labs for 3-6 months across its locations in India.
Centre for Industry Collaboration and Sponsored Research
Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad
Pudussery West, Kanjikode
Palakkad, Kerala - 678 623
IIT Palakkad website
IIT CDC Portal
IIT Palakkad Faculty Academic Research Profiles
© 2019 Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bring and Buy Plant Sale – Saturday 11th May
to support the Millennium Green and Halesworth Library
Many thanks to all of you who supported the Plant Sale on Saturday by donating or buying plants, helping at the stall or just stopping by for a friendly word. The rain held off and it was an enjoyable morning. Nearly £450.00 was raised which has been divided between the Green and the Library.
If you weren't there on Saturday, you missed some good plants so look out for the sale in May 2020 and remember when you're splitting plants or sowing seeds that we'll be grateful for all your contributions.
The Tamsyn Imison Award for Halesworth Community Project of the Year 2018
At a ceremony in Halesworth Library on May 1st 2019 Lesley Pyke the well-known engraver presented the 2018 trophy, which she created, to Richard Woolnough, given for his fundamental work on Halesworth's landmark Millennium Green, whose linked Blyth Valley meadows form what is supposed to be the largest Millennium Green in the country.
2019 The Tamsyn Imison Award Halesworth Community Project of the year 2018
2019 The Tamsyn Imison Award rose bowl
2019 The Tamsyn Imison Award ceremony
Michael Imison, who chaired the ceremony said that this was the first time this award had been presented. It was founded by his late wife in 2017 during her last illness, in frustration that the community spirit of the individual traders in Halesworth's Thoroughfare, who universally contributed to the town's entry in Anglia in Bloom, was not recognised by their judges. At her daughter's suggestion she set up her own award to recognise the rich amount of voluntary work in Halesworth. Nominations had been sought from Residents or Workers in the Halesworth Area in 2018.
The winner was picked by a panel of three judges, Peter Dutton from the Halesworth Town Council, Katherine Milk, Head Teacher of Edgar Sewter School and Dr Clare Craik from Cutlers Hill Surgery.
WinterLight – 24th February
Fifteen-foot glow-caterpillar spotted on the Green and not only that, but a human-sized illuminated moth as well. This was Halesworth's fourth annual WinterLight! festival run by the Library and the Millennium Green at the end of the half-term weekend. This year's Festival told a story of metamorphosis, but with startling differences.
Participants watched Oxblood Molly's inventive and colourful dancing at the Library and then the story-telling began. Children, who had come with their own sock-caterpillars made at the Library's workshop, helped a small lantern-caterpillar magically become enormous – 15 foot long, lit from within and supported by 14 human legs. This hungry beast led the procession of around 100 adults and children through the Town Park and to a far corner of the Millennium Green where it was met with stirring drumming by Wooden Roots West African Drums and Percussion. The enormous caterpillar collapsed into its cocoon to emerge, finally, as a human-sized and fully illuminated moth.
Feeding the caterpillar
OxBlood Molly
Wooden Roots Band
The Festival has developed from a simple wassailing event in 2016 to provide the spectacle of the Ghost of Fred the Wherryman in 2017, the Alesworth Howl in 2018, and this year the spotted caterpillar becoming a rainbow-underwing moth. It's all done by volunteers: Oxblood Molly bring their music and dance, Adele Goodchild and Nicky Rowbottom of the Green made the giant caterpillar and moth, Meraylah Allwood for the Library created and operated props with the help of local children, Wooden Roots is a leading supplier of African drum and other percussion instruments, and members of Bungay Camera Club created a beautiful and entertaining photographic record.


The 12th edition of the Indian Premier League (IPL) that is slated to commence from today, 23 March 2019, will not be telecast in Pakistan, confirmed the country's Minister of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) Fawad Ahmed Chaudhry.
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) has permitted a total of four channel applications to change their names. The new channels are Star Sports 1 Bangla, Star Sports 1 Marathi, Sun Marathi and Sun Bangla.
Sun TV Network has been witnessing a top-level rejig, according to reports. R Mahesh Kumar, who currently serves as president, has been elevated as MD of the company, following the resignation of the network's MD and CEO K Vijaykumar which is effective 31 March 2019.
Netflix global marketing chief Stephen Bruno has exited the company, according to reports. The veteran will join MGM and will be named chief marketing officer (CMO) to advise on both its film and television ambitions.
Could Walmart be the next big company to launch a game streaming service?
Deeper Dive - Is Comcast's Xfinity Flex worth $5 per month?
"Sattar minute, sattar minute hai tumhare paas ... shayad tumhari zindagi ke sabse khaas sattar minute ... (Seventy minutes, seventy minutes is what you have ... may be the most important seventy minutes of your life..)".
MNX, Hollywood's wild child, launches its biggest property 'King of Hollywood', starting December 17, 2018, Monday to Friday @9pm. MNX, the channel that resonates with the youth through its stylish, edgy, fast-paced, new-age, premium content has crafted the property, 'King of Hollywood' with an aim to find the biggest Hollywood movie buff of all time.
Watch the hair-raising sequel 'Insidious: The Last Key' this Saturday only on &flix!
To ensure delivery directly to your inbox, please add tvlinx@indiantelevision.in to your address book today.
The TV Linx Reporter is an Indian Television Dot Com Publication. © 2001-2019. All Rights Reserved.


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Russia's Mishina and Galliamov looking to make impact at senior level
Russia's Roman Savosin eager to debut at the senior Grand Prix
Tuktamysheva changes new Short Program; explores new directions
Russia's Kostiukovich and Ialin target senior nationals; eye gold for 2020 Junior Worlds
Italy's Rizzo to train with Orser in the summer
Maria Sotskova: 'I can't give up. This is what I love'
Home / Figure Skating News / Russia's Roman Savosin eager to debut at the senior Grand Prix
By Tatjana Flade
Russian skater Roman Savosin has quietly worked his way up over the past two seasons and surprised everyone by taking the silver medal at the 2019 ISU World Junior Figure Skating Championships. He was 14th in 2017 and fifth in 2018. This medal was the perfect way for the Muscovite to finish his junior career, and it sets him up well for the senior level. Despite success last season, Savosin had a rough start at the beginning with the Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series.
The 19-year-old struggled with jumps in Bratislava for a total score of 189.86. While he fared better in Linz, it was not enough and he didn't make the cut for the JGP Final. Then, at senior nationals, he placed 12th. A little over a month later, the skater pulled himself together to earn the bronze medal at junior nationals and qualified for Junior Worlds. However, shortly before going to Zagreb, Croatia, Savosin competed at the Russian Cup Final in Novgorod — a national event. He skated rather poorly and finished a distant 10th.
In Zagreb, Savosin was able to turn things around and delivered two solid performances.
"Maybe it helped me to a certain extent that I didn't skate well there [in Novgorod]," he remarked. "When you compete and it doesn't go well, you can draw some conclusions from that. That should motivate you for the next competitions."
Savosin, who medaled in both his Challenger Series events in 2017, explained that he had focused differently from a mental aspect on competitions. He also occasionally changed his training routine. He was able to ascertain that perhaps practices were not going well and affected the entire season as there were failures on a regular basis.
"I understood that I had to change something," he said. "I lost some weight for example. I did more run-throughs and was more active in training. I focused mentally in a different way that I had to skate through my programs well and that I am able to do it."
Junior Worlds was the last junior competition for the junior national bronze medalist who will turn 20 in December.
"It [this result] is very important, obviously for my start into the senior career," he said of the result. "It gives me confidence, which is also important. It is a motivation to move forward."
Following Junior Worlds, Savosin and his long-time coaches, Alexei Tchetverukhin and Vladimir Kotin, started the preparation for the next season. He went to training camp in Sochi that included on and off-ice practices and took part in an on-ice training camp in Moscow.
"In Sochi, the first four days were off the ice, the rest was on the ice," he explained. "In Moscow, we have worked on everything."
The World Junior silver medalist worked on two new programs. The short program will be to "Bessarabia Gypsy Dance" from Igor Moiseev's ballet, where he portrays a gypsy. The long program is to the Tchaikovski's "Piano Concerto No. 2". His long-time choreographer Anastasia Kazakova choreographed the short while Nikolai Morozov did the long program.
"The music is tragic, yet very beautiful!" said the skater of the short program music. "Both programs should suit me well. Now, the main thing is to break them in."
Savosin has been with his coaches since he was eight and never wanted to switch to anyone else. He feels comfortable in his practice group with about 15 skaters, among them Vladimir Litvintsev, who represents Azerbaijan and competed at the Junior and senior World Championships.
The skater usually follows the advice of his coaches when it comes to music selection. The music for the upcoming season is again, more classical, and the skater doesn't mind.
"The lyrical, classical programs are closer to me," he claimed. "This is easier for me. I see myself more as a classical skater."
In training, the skater has been focusing on improving his elements and his skating overall.
"I am trying to work on all elements," he said. "I have to get consistency in my jumps, get higher speed in the spins, work on the footwork and skating skills. Also, we are working on the quad Lutz and flip." He has landed the quad toeloop and Salchow in competition and the Lutz and flip in practice.
Savosin, who looks up to two-time World Champion Javier Fernandez, is looking forward to his first senior season. Like others, he wants to do well throughout the season and understands he needs to be more consistent. As for goals, he wants to fight for a spot on the national team and he is excited about his two Grand Prix assignments Skate America and Cup of China.
"I would have been happy with any Grand Prix!" he said. "I really want to debut on the senior Grand Prix sooner than later." The 19-year-old plans to attend a Challenger Series event and Russian events before the Grand Prix but does not yet know which ones.
Savosin, whose mother was a figure skater and performed in Natalia Bestemianov and Igor Bobrin's ice theatre, started skating when he was three or four years old.
"We went for a walk with my mother and grandmother," he recollected. "We passed an ice rink, and my mom and grandma decided to go inside and have a look. They were selecting children for groups and they asked me, 'do you want to skate?' and I said 'yes'. That is how it happened, how I got into figure skating."
The athlete stressed that he was never forced into the sport, but that he enjoys it and wants to achieve something. His younger brothers, Elisei and Igor, tried skating as well, but did not stick with it. Savosin, on the other hand sees not only his present, but also his future in figure skating.
"I would like to coach in the future," he said. "I think it will suit me well. Sometimes I help my coaches and I enjoy it."
The skater enjoys reading and relaxing in his spare time, and he is also an avid ice hockey fan and follows CSKA Moscow.
"I have a season ticket and go to almost all the matches," he offered.
Despite being a hockey fan, Savosin doesn't regret his decision to become a figure skater; in fact, he never looked back after making that leap.
Related Info:
ISU Bio
GS Fan Fest
2019 Junior WorldsFeaturedRoman Savosin
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In 1909, Ulrich Salchow (7 August 1877 – 19 April 1949) of Sweden first landed a jump in competition in which he took off on the back inside edge, and landed on the back outside edge of his other foot. This jump is now known as the "Salchow" jump in his honor. He still holds the record of winning 10 World titles, along with Sonja Henie (NOR) and Irina Rodnina (USSR). After his competitive days, Salchow remained active in the sport and was president of the International Skating Union (ISU) from 1925 to 1937.
Russian pair skaters Anastasia Mishina, 18,...
Russian skater Roman Savosin has quietly...
Spurred by a successful post-Olympic season,...
Russian pair skaters Polina Kostiukovich and...
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I love olives in just about any form. Because of that, it was suggested that I add this Easy Marinated Garlic Olives to my blog. This Easy Marinated Garlic Olives recipe, as it is with most of the recipes I've showcased, is SUPER easy. It so easy that I call it my "add, shake and you're done" kind of recipe. This also makes a great gift for anyone who loves olives.
Place all the ingredients in a glass jar. Cover tightly and shake until the ingredients a blended.
Refrigerate for at least 2 hours. They can be kept refrigerated for up to a month. Drain before serving.
Note: If you can't find the unstuffed green olives, just remove the pimento, and you're ready to go. You can use other types of vinegar if you desire, I just like the clean taste of the cider vinegar with the olives.
Now, how easy is that! This is an easy recipe to throw together for a picnic, potluck or family gathering. Make a double batch because they won't last long. As I said before, they also make great gifts from your kitchen packaged in cute little jars with a bit of raffia or ribbon and a tag. Enjoy.
If you liked this "Easy Marinated Garlic Olives" recipe, don't forget to check some of my other recipes such as these Warm Marinated Feta Cheese with Olives, Hummus Recipe In A Jar and Crunchy Garbanzo Beans.


*The Company's GAAP results include approximately $5.6 million, or $0.06 per share, related to incremental tax benefits beyond the Company's forecasted effective tax rate range of 30.5% - 31.5%. These incremental benefits relate mainly to legal entity restructuring, cash repatriation activities and adjustments to reserves for uncertain tax positions. The non-GAAP results include approximately $4.8 million, or $0.05 per share, in incremental tax benefits related to these activities.
PITTSBURGH, Nov. 7, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- ANSYS, Inc. (Nasdaq:ANSS), today announced third quarter 2013 non-GAAP revenue growth of 9% in constant currency, while non-GAAP net income increased 12% compared to Q3 2012. Year-to-date non-GAAP revenue increased 10% in constant currency, while non-GAAP net income increased 9% compared to the first nine months of 2012. Non-GAAP earnings per share increased 12% for the quarter and 9% for the first nine months of 2013, each as compared to the same period in 2012.
Commenting on the Company's third quarter 2013 performance, Jim Cashman, ANSYS president & CEO stated, "Our Q3 results continue to reflect the strength of our resilient business model and dedication to delivering on our commitments, balanced against the realities of operating in a less than robust global economy. This is evidenced by the results in both North America and Europe, which experienced double-digit revenue growth in both reported and constant currency for the quarter. Consistent with what other technology companies are experiencing, during the quarter, we continued to see regional weakness in our Asia-Pacific business. Overall, our results for the quarter reflected strong earnings which exceeded the high end of our guidance range, revenues slightly above the mid-point of our guidance, and solid operating margins and cash flows from operations. We continue to see strong customer interest across our broad portfolio, from our largest global enterprise customers all the way to the SMB businesses. We expect the macroeconomic challenges and longer sales cycles that have been the reality for the past nine months to continue through the remainder of 2013 and into 2014. We remain confident in the long-term opportunity and are excited about an important upcoming milestone, the release of ANSYS® 15.0. This next release of our complete product portfolio will be even more formidable, positioning us well to deliver long-term value to our customers and stockholders."
ANSYS' third quarter and year-to-date 2013 financial results are presented below. The 2013 and 2012 non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of acquisition adjustments to deferred revenue, the impact of stock-based compensation, acquisition-related amortization of intangible assets and acquisition-related transaction costs.
Operating cash flows of $65.4 million in the third quarter of 2013 as compared to $70.4 million in the third quarter of 2012; operating cash flows of $248.0 million in the first nine months of 2013 as compared to operating cash flows of $228.8 million in the first nine months of 2012.
The Company's GAAP results reflect stock-based compensation charges of approximately $9.1 million ($6.5 million after tax) or $0.07 diluted earnings per share for the third quarter of 2013 and approximately $26.7 million ($18.3 million after tax) or $0.19 diluted earnings per share for the first nine months of 2013. The non-GAAP financial results highlighted above, and the non-GAAP financial outlook for 2013 and 2014 discussed below, represent non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of these measures to the appropriate GAAP measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and for the 2013 and 2014 financial outlook, are included in the condensed financial information included in this release.
The Company is providing its 2013 revenue and earnings per share guidance below, as well as its preliminary outlook for 2014. The earnings per share guidance is provided on both a GAAP and a non-GAAP basis. Non-GAAP revenue and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share exclude charges for stock-based compensation, the income statement effects of acquisition accounting for deferred revenue, acquisition-related amortization of intangible assets and acquisition-related expenses.
ANSYS will hold a conference call at 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time on November 7, 2013 to discuss third quarter results. To participate in the live conference call, dial 866-652-5200 (US) or 412-317-6060 (Canada & Int'l). The call will be recorded and a replay will be available approximately two hours after the call ends. The replay will be available for ten days by dialing 877-344-7529 (US) or 412-317-0088 (Canada and Int'l) and entering the pass code 10035411. The archived webcast can be accessed, along with other financial information, on ANSYS' website at http://investors.ansys.com.
(2) Amount represents $14.8 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $9.1 million of stock-based compensation expense and the $0.8 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (1) above.
(3) Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (2) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $8.4 million.
(5) Amount represents $17.0 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $8.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, the $2.9 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (4) above and $0.2 million of acquisition-related transaction expenses.
(6) Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (5) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $9.5 million.
Note: The Company's third quarter 2013 GAAP results include approximately $5.6 million, or $0.06 per share, related to incremental tax benefits beyond the Company's forecasted effective tax rate range of 30.5% to 31.5%. These incremental benefits relate mainly to legal entity structuring, cash repatriation activities and adjustments to reserves for uncertain tax positions. The non-GAAP results include approximately $4.8 million, or $0.05 per share, in incremental tax benefits related to these activities.
(2) Amount represents $46.4 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $26.7 million of stock-based compensation expense, the $4.0 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (1) above and $0.3 million of acquisition-related transaction expenses.
(3) Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (2) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $27.0 million.
(5) Amount represents $50.6 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $23.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, the $5.9 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (4) above and $0.9 million of acquisition-related transaction expenses.
(6) Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (5) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $27.2 million.
Certain statements contained in this press release regarding matters that are not historical facts, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our projections for revenue and earnings per share for the fourth quarter of 2013, fiscal year 2013 and fiscal year 2014 (both GAAP and non-GAAP to exclude acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue, acquisition-related amortizationand stock-based compensation expense); statements about management's views concerning the Company's prospects and outlook for 2013 and 2014, including statements and projections relating to the impact of stock-based compensation, statements regarding management's use of non-GAAP financial measures, statements regarding Q3 results continuing to reflect the strength of our resilient business model and dedication to delivering on our commitments, statements regarding operating in a less than robust global economy, statements regarding continuing to see strong customer interest across our broad portfolio from our largest global enterprise customers to SMB businesses, statements regarding our expectations of macroeconomic challenges and longer sales cycles continuing through the remainder of 2013 and into 2014, statements regarding remaining confident in the long-term opportunity, statements regarding our excitement about the upcoming milestone release of ANSYS 15.0, statements that the next release of our complete product portfolio will be even more formidable and statements regarding positioning us well to deliver long-term value to our customers and stockholders, are "forward-looking" statements (as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this press release are subject to risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, the risk that adverse conditions in the global economy and financial markets will significantly affect ANSYS' customers' ability to make new purchases from the Company or to pay for prior purchases, the risk that adverse conditions in the global economy may lengthen customer sales cycles, the risk of declines in the economy of one or more of ANSYS' primary geographic regions, the risk that ANSYS' operating results will be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates, the risk that the assumptions underlying ANSYS' anticipated revenues and expenditures will change or prove inaccurate, the risk that ANSYS has overestimated its ability to maintain growth and profitability and control costs, uncertainties regarding the demand for ANSYS' products and services in future periods, the risk that ANSYS has overestimated the strength of the demand among its customers for its products, uncertainties regarding customer acceptance of new products, the risk that ANSYS' operating results will be adversely affected by possible delays in developing, completing or shipping new or enhanced products, the risk that enhancements to the Company's products may not produce anticipated sales, the risk that the Company may not be able to recruit and retain key executives and technical personnel, the risk that third parties may misappropriate the Company's proprietary technology or develop similar technology independently, the risk of unauthorized access to and distribution of the Company's source code, the risk of difficulties in the relationship with ANSYS' independent regional channel partners, the risk that the expected income tax impacts of the merger of the Company's Japan subsidiaries will not be realized in one or more future periods, the risk that ANSYS may not achieve the perceived benefits of its acquisitions or that the integration of its acquisitions may not be successful, and other factors that are detailed from time to time in reports filed by ANSYS, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including ANSYS, Inc.'s 2012 Annual Report and Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether changes occur as a result of new information or future events, after the date they were made.


text:
Arkhaven Comics
Dynamite Comics
New Godzilla vs. Kong Clip Shows The Big Ape Slugging The Lizard In The Jaw
Report: Swamp Thing "Unlikely" To Receive Second Season on The CW
DC Future State: New Antihero Team of Batman Rogues Become Gotham's Protectors
Godzilla vs. Kong Release Moved Up To March
Heel vs Babyface Reviews Stargirl Episode 4
John F. Trent
Az from YouTube channel HeelvsBabyface reviews DC Universe's Stargirl, Episode 4 "Wildcat."
He begins his review recapping Episode 3 saying, "Last week's episode was a good episode. A very good episode for the most part that was undone substantially by the last portion. And I said that Stargirl needed to take a big L, a big loss. And she did. She took an even bigger one than I anticipated."
He continued, "She was unable to prevent one of her school mates from being killed by Icicle. And it seemingly humbled her and broke her down a bit, thinking that oh no she isn't all of that now that she's got the Cosmic Staff."
As for Episode 4, he states, "This episode is kind of infuriating. Not in a Batwoman way. Not in a way that you are kind of getting really, really mad. But there is a distinct lack of common sense. In this episode. There are some portions again that I really like."
He continues, "And unfortunately, the subplot is way more interesting than the main plot. The subplot involves Pat and Patricia, the wife of The Magician and the son that was killed in the previous episode. And his little building, tinkering of his toys."
Heel vs Babyface then adds, "And Courtney's main story was trying to recruit a new Wildcat. So it starts off well. I mean a bit kind of stereotypical. We've got the kind of cutesy, wootsy music…"
Watch his full review below:
Stargirl Season 1 continues with Episode 5 "Hourman and Dr. Mid-Nite."
New episodes debut on The CW on Tuesdays at 8 PM ET and are available to stream every Wednesday on The CW. New episodes can also be streamed on Mondays on DC Universe. There will be 13 episodes in total.
Here's the official description from The CW:
"DC's Stargirl follows high school sophomore Courtney Whitmore as she inspires an unlikely group of young heroes to stop the villains of the past. This new drama reimagines DC's Stargirl and the very first superhero team, the Justice Society of America, in an unpredictable series."
The show stars Brec Bassinger as Courtney Whitmore aka Stargirl. She's joined by Yvette Monreal as Yolanda Montez aka Wildcat, Anjelika Washington as Beth Chapel aka Doctor Mid-Nite, Cameron Gellman as Rick Tyler, Trae Romano as Mike Dugan, Luke Wilson as S.T.R.I.P.E., and Amy Smart as Barbara Whitmore.
What did you think of Stargirl Season 1 Episode 4 "Wildcat?"
DC UniverseStargirlThe CWwildcat
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text:
Q: Twilio PHP SDK, make outbound call, receive DTMF input from user and redirect call I'm trying to make an outbound call from Twilio using Twilio PHP SDK. But I'm unable to figure out how to fetch DTMF input from that call and then perform some action based on that input e.g. connect the called number to another number if pressed 1.
Here is my code for outbound call:
$call = $client->calls->create(
        $phone, "+1xxxx",
        array(
            "url" => "http://demo.twilio.com/docs/voice.xml",
            "method" => "GET",
            "statusCallbackMethod" => "POST",
            "statusCallback" => "http://xxxx.com/twilio/call_xxx",
            "statusCallbackEvent" => array(
                "answered"
            )
        )
    );

And code for handling webhook request:
    //Use the Twilio PHP SDK to build an XML response
    $response = new Twiml();

    //If the user entered digits, process their request
    if(array_key_exists('Digits', $_POST)) {
        switch ($_POST['Digits']) {
            case 1:
                $dial = $response->dial();
                $dial->number($phone);
                break;
            default:
                $response->say('Goodbye.');
        }
    } else {

        //If no input was sent, use the <Gather> verb to collect user input
        $gather = $response->gather(array('numDigits' => 1));

        // use the <Say> verb to request input from the user
        $gather->say("This is xxx. $name just requested a voucher. Press 1 to connect with them now.");

        // If the user doesn't enter input, loop
        $response->redirect('/twilio/call_xxxx');
    }

    //Render the response as XML in reply to the webhook request
    header('Content-Type: text/xml');
    echo $response;

Where am I making mistake?

A: You're making a mistake here, based on your code this:
"url" => "http://demo.twilio.com/docs/voice.xml",
"method" => "GET",

should really be:

"url" => "http://xxxx.com/twilio/call_xxx",
"method" => "POST",

to fetch the TwiML for the call flow and also pass the Digits you are looking for.
As for statusCallback, if you need it, you'll have to create another endpoint with different code (has to do with tracking the status of the call).
I would suggest, get it working without statusCallback first (you can remove the statusCallback... lines temporarily ).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Macromitrium brevituberculatum är en bladmossart som beskrevs av Hugh Neville Dixon 1933. Macromitrium brevituberculatum ingår i släktet Macromitrium och familjen Orthotrichaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Egentliga bladmossor
brevituberculatum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New Series News
Classic Series News
Spinoff News
DWO Blog Entry
Book and Magazine Reviews
DVD and Blu-ray Reviews
Toy and Other Reviews
TV Episode Reviews
Release Guide
Books Guide
DWM Guide
Twitter Guide
VortExtra
Time Tales
Comic Shots
DWO WhoCast
iWho - DWO Doctor Who App
WhoFeed - Doctor Who News App
Review: The Claws of Axos: Special Edition - DVD
Manufacturer: BBC Worldwide Consumer Products
Written By: Bob Baker & Dave Martin
Release Date: 22nd October 2012
Reviewed By: Sebastian J. Brook for Doctor Who Online
Review Posted: 28th October 2012
When a damaged spaceship containing beautiful humanoid creatures called Axons lands on Earth, The Doctor, Jo and UNIT are sent to investigate. In return for their help, the Axons offer the gift of Axonite, which would end world famine.
It all appears too good to be true - so what secrets are the Axons hiding on board their ship? And why is The Doctor's old enemy The Master involved?
This is a story that breaks new ground in a number of ways, but perhaps chiefly in some of the technological wizardry discovered and used at the time. The Claws of Axos is very much a product of its time, with the psychedelic nature of some of the FX and, ahem, costumes, but rather than leave the story behind in the 1970's, it carries through and is still as enjoyable today.
When one hears the words 'Special Edition' attributed to a previously released Doctor Who DVD, you can't help wondering just how much more 'special' it can be.
The picture and audio quality is sharper and cleaner, perhaps not as noticeable as some of the recent restorations, but still worthy of note - especially considering the sheer amount of work that goes into them. But it is the extras, however, that make this edition particularly 'special'. As well as having the special features included on the previous release (Commentary, Deleted and Extended Scenes, Now And Then & Easter Egg) we are treated to over an hour of bonus material, with one being among the finest ever produced for the range. More on that later.
Commentary - Featuring Katy Manning (Jo Grant), Richard Franklin (Captain Mike Yates) and Barry Letts (Producer). There's great atmosphere between the trio, with Barry's soft, almost Mr.Kipling-esque tones, Katy's boundless energy, and Richard's gentlemanly manner. The pace doesn't really drop, and Letts takes the mantle of directing the commentary successfully.
Deleted and Extended Scenes - The original but annotated version of the studio recording which is included on this release in it's entirety. Text commentary is an optional extra. This is particularly special owing to the fact it includes the only surviving behind-the-scenes footage of Roger Delgado.
Axon Stations! - The feature kicks off with a great CGI sequence that literally pulls you into the process of how The Claws of Axos was made. Featuring interviews with Katy Manning (Jo Grant), Bob Baker (Co-Writer), Terrance Dicks (Script Editor), Michael Ferguson (Director), Derek Ware (Pigbin Josh), Paul Grist (Agent Bill Filer) & Bernard Holley (Axon Man). An insightful and amusing documentary - look out for Katy Manning's priceless description of the Axon ship! Kudos to the Director of the piece, Chris Chapman, who can add another string to his bow of inventive, engaging and ultimately successful additions to the Doctor Who DVD range.
Now and Then - Richard Bignell provides us with another of his location comparisons, contrasting the original footage from 1971 with that of modern day. In most cases, it's surprising at how little has changed in the 41 years since the story was filmed. Warmfully narrated by Katy Manning, we're taken through the chronological order of shooting locations.
Directing Who: Michael Ferguson on The Claws of Axos - A more focused insight into Michael Ferguson's role as Director for the story. Michael recalls some of the technical advantages and disadvantages with The Claws of Axos, as well as opinions of his fellow colleagues. There is some repetition of recollections, previously featured in the 'Axon Stations!' extra, but as a whole it's great to see and hear a more linear collection of Michael's memories on the show.
Studio Recording - A surviving example of how BBC studio drama's used to be made, featuring the complete unedited recording, with studio chatter, VT run-ups and recording breaks. This is definitely a feature for the hardcore fans, or those with an interest in media production. We just so happen to be both, so naturally loved it!
Living With Levene - As the opening line explains, Toby Hadoke spends the weekend with one of the most unusual figures in Doctor Who; John Levene (Sergeant Benton in the Classic Series). We're introduced to John's early work on the show as a Cyberman extra in 'The Moonbase' and then as a Yeti in 'The Web of Fear'. We're then incorrectly informed his next appearance was as Sergeant Benton in 'The Invasion' - [that should have been Corporal Benton] - but minor factual niggle aside, it covers Levene's life quite thoroughly and entertainingly. Hadoke, as always, helps guide the feature smoothly coupled with his knowledge of Doctor Who and obvious love for the show.
But this feature, which is a little out of the ordinary for a Doctor Who DVD extra, sets itself as the jewel in the Claws of Axos: Special Edition release. Whether deliberately or by accident, Living with Levene doesn't just tell the story of one man's brush with Doctor Who, but how that brush affected his entire life, and in doing so, creates a warm, touching and very real documentary, blanketed by the beautiful surrounding of Levene's hometown of Salisbury.
There's no denying that some of John's stories and recollections seem fantastical, but the irony here is that through Hadoke's numerous attempts to unmask the 'real' John Levene, one can't help feel that, akin to the movie 'Big Fish', what we have here is a larger than life man, who has truly lived a life larger than himself. One can't help being captivated by his infectious personality and obvious love for the life he has lived and lives.
This extra is well worth the price of the DVD itself, and could easily be enjoyed by a non-Doctor Who loving audience. It's wonderfully constructed and is arguably the finest extra ever produced for the Doctor Who DVD range. The production is of the quality of some of the BBC's renowned 'Wonderland' series, and sets a new bar for the (few remaining) future releases.
Coming Soon Trailer - 'The Legacy Box' is the subject of the trailer, and features both 'Shada' and the 'More than 30 years in the TARDIS' documentary.
Easter Egg - There's a rather informative Easter Egg on this release that has a rather amusing connection to The Claws of Axos.
As with previous releases there is the usual Photo Gallery, PDF Marerials, Subtitles and Info Text for those who want or need them.
The Claws of Axos: Special Edition ticks all the boxes for any fan of this story. The restoration, quality of extras and overall value for money definitely warrant the purchase - even if you bought the non-Special Edition first time round. With a few more Special Editions on the horizon as the end of the Doctor Who DVD range is in sight, this release sets a new standard that will have us double-dipping with no questions asked.
+ Compare Prices for this product on CompareTheDalek.com!
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First, instead of focusing on losing weight, try instead to make resolutions that are more specific. For example, for the New Year, make a promise to yourself that you're going to go on an hour walk every morning, or join a club sport. Focusing on fun activities can put a positive spin on getting healthy. Social activities like group sports can make getting active something worth sticking to.
Second, get to know where you live. Take a different route to work or school. Spend weekends exploring new neighborhoods, visit a new restaurant every Friday night, and go where you've never been. It doesn't need to be time consuming — small changes to your every day routine can make a huge difference, and shed a new light on an old and familiar place. It's also easy to combine this with plans to get healthy! Try a sports club on the other side of town, or create a jogging route through a path you don't know.
Third, after you get to know where you live, promise yourself you'll travel more. And trips don't need to be big — weekend excursions to nearby towns and cities can be affordable and done within a day or two. If you're based in New England, or plan on traveling to the area, there are thousands of beautiful little towns worth checking out with a wealth of historical and cultural sites and institutions to visit. Even if you're visiting for business, short spontaneous trips nearby can turn a drab to trip to a fun one.
No matter what New Year's resolutions you plan to make, make sure you turn them into something enjoyable — starting with your New Year's Eve! It's not too late to make your plans for the big night — act fast, and you can get 10% off New Year's Eve transportation with GO Boston. We have a fleet of stylish and comfortable vehicles for groups of all sizes. Happy 2019!


Single lane 9.7 m long single span concrete T-beam rigid frame bridge.
Structural Evaluation indicates that bridge can't safely support full Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) traffic loads and that triple load posting of 29, 21 and 11 tonnes is required.
Single lane 10 m long single span concrete T-beam rigid frame bridge.
Single lane 18.45 m long three span concrete T-beam rigid frame bridge.
Structural Evaluation indicates that bridge can't safely support full Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) traffic loads and that triple load posting of 22, 16 and 8 tonnes is required.
10 East Road Bridge East Road Single lane 18.2 m long three span concrete T-beam rigid frame bridge.
Structural Evaluation indicates that bridge can't safely support full Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) traffic loads and that triple load posting of 23, 16 and 8 tonnes is required.


Is there a way to catch an event when datatable got filtered?
Or maybe I'm doing something wrong?
explicit filter does not trigger onBeforeFilter / onAfterFilter.
to achieve that you need to register filter.


Today on #PTSDAwarenessDay, Frankie Perez speaks out about mental health. He urges those listening to educate themselves and to seek the support they need if they are suffering.
Frankie is currently walking 1000 miles across the United States as part of the Walk Of America expedition team. He and his follow teammates have all suffered with their mental health as a result of their service. The walk is raising the profile of the invisible wounds of war - the wounds you cannot see, but which are just as important and affecting as physical ones.
The team are also raising funds to ensure that our veterans in both the US and the UK get the best support possible after they leave the armed forces.


text:
Residential Property Paralegal
Sellick Partnership Limited
London City, London, UK Get directions
Paralegal Property (Residential) Full time
A new and exciting opportunity has arisen for a residential property paralegal within a fantastic International law firm based in Central London. This would be the perfect role for a candidate who has a genuine interest in the area of property law.
As a residential property paralegal, the key responsibilities will include:
Assisting on the teams caseloads, buying/selling of freehold and leasehold from instruction through to completion
Performing legal due diligence on matters such as interpretation of leases, deeds and other property title documents
Updating case management systems
Liaising with clients by telephone, face to face and in writing
The salary on offer for this residential property paralegal opportunity is negotiable depending on the individuals' experience, with the opportunity for a training contract later down the line.
If you believe you have the necessary skills and experience for this role, we encourage applications to apply immediately to be considered for short listing. Alternatively, should you require further information please contact Michael Bailey at Sellick Partnership.
Sellick Partnership is a market-leading professional services recruitment specialist operating across the UK. We are proud to be an equal opportunities employer and encourage applications from candidates of all backgrounds and circumstances, including underrepresented and disadvantaged groups and those with disabilities. Please note our advertisements use years' experience and salary levels purely as a guide. We are happy to consider applications from all candidates who are able to demonstrate the skills necessary to fulfil the role. For information on how your personal details may be used by Sellick Partnership, please review our data processing notice which can be found in the footer on our website.
Founding year 2002
Products / Services Childcare, Corporate & Commercial, Education, Family / Matrimonial, Planning
Mission Our Mission: We are purpose-driven – doing the best, all the time. We are performance-driven – pushing the boundaries, every time. We are principle-led – making a difference, time after time. Our Vision: Shining a light on the future of our people. Our Values: Passionate, Engaging, Respected.
overview Our Legal Recruitment Consultants are market specialists and highly experienced in sourcing and placing high-calibre locum, contract and permanent legal professionals across the UK. We are considered one of the best in the country and are highly knowledgeable in their specialist markets. Our Consultants place legal professionals across a range of sectors including: Public Sector & Not-for-Profit, In-House and Private Practice. We recruit across all areas of law, sourcing and placing candidates in legal jobs such as legal director, legal executive, barristers and solicitors as well as positions at the paralegal level. With in-depth sector knowledge, an extensive network of clients and high-calibre legal professionals we are best placed to support your recruitment needs. Get in touch with us today: Manchester: 0161 834 1642 Leeds: 0113 243 9775 London: 0203 997 9255 Established in 2002, Sellick Partnership is a market-leading professional services recruitment business with seven offices nationwide and more than 100 employees. We specialise in recruiting professionals into a variety of positions on a permanent and temporary basis across the following specialisms: Legal, Finance & Accountancy, HR, Procurement, Change & Transformation, ICT & Digital Technology, Actuarial, Wealth & Investment Management, Housing & Property Services and Senior & Executive. To find out more about Sellick Partnership, please visit our website: www.sellickpartnership.co.uk
You are applying for: Residential Property Paralegal
Residential Conveyancer - West London
Law Consultants West London, London, UK £30,000 - £40,000
Martin Pooley Associates South London, London, UK £20,000 - £25,000
Property (Residential), Paralegal in London City, London, UK
Residential Conveyancer - West London Law Consultants West London, London, UK £30,000 - £40,000
Debt Recovery Paralegal Martin Pooley Associates South London, London, UK £20,000 - £25,000
Credit Hire / Litigation Paralegal Martin Pooley Associates South London, London, UK £20,000 - £25,000
Personal Injury Paralegal Leigh Day London, UK £25,499 - £25,500
Residential Conveyancer G2 Legal Limited South West London, London, UK £30,000 - £40,000
Residential Property Solicitor — Private Practice The Recruiter Specialists Ltd London, England, United Kingdom £28,000 - £32,000


text:
Daikon Radish Varieties
By Sarah Moore
The Sweetest Currant Varieties
How to Grow Scarlet Globe Radishes
Shallot Varieties
Types of Rutabaga
How Big Are Baby Watermelons Supposed to Get Before You Harvest Them?
Daikon radishes (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) are annual root vegetables significantly larger and somewhat milder than traditional radishes (Raphanus sativus). You can either plant these crops in spring for late-spring or early-summer harvest -- or in late fall for an early-winter harvest. Radishes come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and colors
Radish Dimensions
Daikon radishes have very large roots. Some, like "Tama Hybrid" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Tama Hybrid") can be as long as 18 inches, as can "Tama Winter" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Tama Winter"). The latter is around 3 inches across, which is wide for daikon radishes. "Daikon Long White" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Daikon Long White") may only reach up to a foot, while others are shorter. "Spring Light" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Spring White") reaches a maximum of 7 inches, while "California Mammoth White" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "California Mammoth White") reaches only 8 but is 2 inches across.
Colored Roots
The standard daikon radish color is white, hence its alternate name "white radish." They also come in many other skin colors, however, including red, pink, purple, black and green. Many varieties are also a yellow or cream color. "Chinese Red Meat" (Raphanus sativus var. longpinnatus "Chinese Red Meat") are creamy white on the outside and reddish-purple inside. Several varieties, such as "Oshin" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Oshin") and "Relish Cross" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Relish Cross") are white with light green shoulders, or skin near the top.
Maturation Time
While some radishes take almost three months to reach optimum harvest date, others may be ready in fewer than two. "Mino Summer Cross F-R" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Mino Summer Cross F-R"), for example, matures in only 45 days, "Tama Hybrid" takes 70 days, and "Miura Cross" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Miura Cross") takes up to 90 days. Others fall somewhere in the middle, though many radishes mature in around 50 to 60 days.
Sweetest Flavors
Although most daikon radishes are less sharp than their common radish cousins, some are especially mild. "Daikon White" and "California Mammoth White" are both quite mild, as are "Daikon Long White" and "Okura Cross" (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus "Okura Cross"). Varieites with very sweet flesh include "Miura Cross" and "Daikon Long White." Other varieties are slow to get pithy with age, such as "Spring Light," "Miura Cross" and "Okura Cross."
University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners: Daikon Radish
Missouri Botanical Garden: Raphanus Sativus
University of Illinois Extension, Watch Your Garden Grow: Radish
University of California Master Gardeners of Napa County, Spill the Beans: Get Ready for Radishes
Sarah Moore has been a writer, editor and blogger since 2006. She holds a master's degree in journalism.
9 drought-tolerant plants for any outdoor space
What Is the Difference Between a Turnip & a Rutabaga?
White Icicle Radish Seeds
Turnip Varieties
How Long Does It Take to Get a Radish Root to Ripen?
Harvest Time for Oranges & Grapefruits
How Tall Is the Average Radish Plant?
Difference Between Indian Bitter Gourd & Chinese Bitter Gourd
Varieties of Large Onions
1 9 drought-tolerant plants for any outdoor space
2 What Is the Difference Between a Turnip & a Rutabaga?
3 White Icicle Radish Seeds
4 Turnip Varieties


Join us as we welcome back the Pro 4 Alliance and Pro 4 Trucks and welcome the Maximum Exposure Fever 4 and roadrunners on a special night.
Gates open at 5pm, Qualifying starts at 6pm, and opening ceremony starts at 7pm. Pit Gates open at 12:00 pm for practice.


Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese Martial art, focused on health, rather than fighting, practiced daily by people all over the world. It is an art of of how to gently and continuously change, grow and avoid stagnation. Daily practice of Tai Chi offers a proven approach to lifelong dynamic health rooted in the cultivation of Qi.
Liu He Ba Fa means "Six Harmonies and Eight Methods". Six Harmonies represents the unification of the body and mind, and the Eight Methods refer to practical physical applications.
Training in Tai Chi benefits hard style martial artists, golfers and variety of athletes, as it realigns the body and relieves the muscles and tendons from the stress of heavy use, while teaching more efficient and sustainable internal movement.
Please, wear loose fitting clothing.


text:
Le titre alcoométrique volumique (TAV), aussi appelé degré alcoolique ou degré d'alcool, est la proportion d'alcool dans une boisson.

Ce titre est le rapport entre le volume d'alcool (éthanol) contenu dans le mélange et le volume total de ce mélange, à la température de .

Les instruments utilisés pour mesurer le titre alcoométrique sont les densimètres électroniques, les aréomètres et pycnomètres.

Différentes unités sont utilisées, le pourcentage volumique (%vol) ou degré (), le degré Gay-Lussac (), le proof, et le Sikes ou Sykes.

Techniques de mesure

Densimètre, alcoomètre ou hydromètre

Pour déterminer le titre d'alcool, on sépare d'abord l'éthanol par distillation et on mesure ensuite la densité du mélange d'alcool et d'eau ainsi obtenu pour connaître le volume d'alcool pur extrait, sachant que la densité à  de l'éthanol (0,789) est différente de celle de l'eau (1 par définition).

La mesure du titre alcoolique à partir de la densité du liquide a été définie par Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac en 1824, pour les besoins de la taxation des alcools. Un hydromètre ou densimètre directement gradué en degrés d'alcool est plongé dans le liquide. La mesure lue est corrigée en fonction de la température du liquide. Les tables de densité et de correction selon la température ont été établies expérimentalement par Gay-Lussac. Cette technique n'est exacte que si le liquide ne contient pas autre chose que l'eau et l'alcool en solution, d'où la nécessité d'une distillation préalable si l'on a besoin d'une donnée rigoureuse pour les besoins commerciaux ou fiscaux.

De petits densimètres gradués en degrés, alcoomètre ou alcoolmètre ou pèse-alcool, sont employés par les professionnels et les contrôleurs pour mesurer approximativement et rapidement le titre en alcool d'un produit, sans le distiller.

Ébulliomètre
On utilise actuellement, pour mesurer le titre du vin, l'ébulliomètre de Malligand mis au point en 1875, qui est un alambic miniature équipé d'un thermomètre de précision. La température d'ébullition d'une solution éthanol-eau dépend de la proportion. La température lue est convertie en titre d'alcool par consultation d'une table. L'exactitude de la mesure dépend de la concentration d'autres substances, notamment les sucres et l'acide carbonique, qui modifient la température d'ébullition. Dans le milieu vinicole, on a longtemps utilisé l'expression « degré Malligand » pour « %vol à  ».

Densimètre électronique
Le densimètre électronique apparu en 1967 permet la mesure du TAV (titre alcoométrique volumique) à partir de solution hydro-alcoolique ce qui impose une distillation avant mesure dans le cas où les échantillons possèdent une matrice complexe (vins, cognac, armagnac, liqueurs).

La mesure de densité par tube oscillant (densimètre électronique) est devenue la méthode de référence au cours des années 1990 pour de nombreux producteurs de vins, spiritueux et plus récemment d'éthanol pour carburant en raison de sa précision (TAV ) et simplicité d'utilisation.

Vinomètre
Le vinomètre permet de mesurer le degré d'alcool du vin dans un tube capillaire en mesurant la position du ménisque lorsque les forces de capillarité vers le haut et la gravité vers le bas s'équilibrent.

Unités et symbole

Pourcentage volumique (%vol) et degré (°)
L'unité utilisée pour exprimer le titre est le pourcentage volumique (%vol) ou degré (). La recommandation R22 de l'Organisation internationale de métrologie légale (OIML), a pour objet de définir la manière de l'exprimer. Les valeurs extrêmes de cette mesure sont obtenues pour l'eau, qui titre 0° et l'alcool pur, qui titre 100°.

Le titre alcoolique s'exprime couramment en pourcentage volumique (symbole %vol) ou en degré (symbole °).
En Europe, une directive de 1976 définit les symboles utilisés pour les titres alcoométriques. Ces symboles sont « %vol » pour le titre alcoométrique volumique et « %mas » pour le titre alcoométrique massique. Les recommandations typographiques pour les titres d'alcool exprimés en degrés sont de ne pas utiliser d'espace entre la valeur numérique et le . On note ainsi 40° pour le titre d'un alcool alors qu'on le notera .

Degré Gay-Lussac
Le titre alcoométrique à  était exprimé en degrés Gay-Lussac, abrégé en «  ». Une boisson alcoolisée titrée à  a un titre de 40°, soit  à .

Proof
Aux États-Unis, on utilise le  qui vaut .

Sikes ou Sykes
Au Canada et en Grande-Bretagne, le proof vaut  et porte aussi le nom de degré Sikes ou Sykes. L'hydromètre de Sykes est un appareil dont la graduation zéro affleure dans de l'alcool de densité 0,825 à  ().

Lexicologie
On retrouve plusieurs dérivés du terme « titre alcoométrique volumique » :
 titre alcoométrique volumique potentiel, mesuré sur moût avant la fermentation ;
 titre alcoométrique volumique naturel, taux issu du raisin seulement, sans le recours à la chaptalisation ;
 titre alcoométrique volumique acquis, taux final mesuré dans le vin.

Annexes

Références

Articles connexes
 Calcul des titres et des volumes d'alcools
 Densimètre électronique
 Degré Balling
 Degré Cartier
 Degré Plato
 Unité d'alcool
 Titre alcoométrique volumique potentiel

Consommation d'alcool


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text:
Home > About > 2020 Annual Report
A letter to the community from Lisa M. Altenbernd, ECF Board Chair
Friends of the Foundation,
This has not been a typical year. In fact, there is perhaps no other time in history that mirrors the events that unfolded over the course of 2020. Times like these remind us of the reasons that the Foundation was established 34 years ago. The movement for racial justice nationally tested our commitment to racial equity locally. As the community came together in a way that we never have before, ECF hit new strides, powered by generous donors and exemplary cross-sector collaboration. The Foundation was called upon to serve and to lead, and I'm proud to say the response was astounding.
In the earliest days of the pandemic, ECF mobilized to restructure our grantmaking and radically expand fundraising. With seed money from ECF's endowment and three community partners, we established the Evanston Community Rapid Response Fund.
Donors stepped up in truly historic fashion, generously giving more than $4M to support our community.
I encourage you to read the stories here to see how the Foundation is fulfilling our mission.
Through the dedication of our Board and the tireless creativity of Staff, ECF provided Relief, enabled the community to Rally, demonstrated Resiliency, and ultimately, will help the community Rebuild.
Today the Foundation's mission of creating a more vibrant, equitable, and inclusive Evanston continues, renewed and ready for whatever Evanston's future holds. We are able to face this challenge because of the support of friends like you. I am truly inspired to have been part of the work of the ECF over the past year.
Even as we move forward to incorporate all we learned last year, and to bring on a new CEO to lead the Foundation, we remain steadfastly committed to listening to the community, responding to and supporting our nonprofit partners, and engaging donors in the work of the Foundation as we journey along the road to a more equitable and inclusive Evanston.
With deep gratitude for 2020 and optimism for 2021,
Lisa Altenbernd, Chair
Evanston Community Foundation
"Evanston has a strong network of nonprofit leaders, including ECF, who have worked tirelessly since Evanston's first case of COVID-19 to help the city respond and recover from this pandemic. We now have committees that are doing amazing work to meet the needs of our most vulnerable populations and advance racial justice. I'm so inspired by everyone's commitment to racial equity, and I feel fortunate to be connected to such a talented group of transformational leaders."
—Dave D. Davis, Executive Director,
Neighborhood and Community Relations, Northwestern University
Leadership Evanston Alum


text:
package main

import (
	"github.com/ChinmayR/deptestglideA"
	"github.com/ChinmayR/deptestglideB"
)

type PointToDepTestGlideCv010 deptestglideA.Cversion1
type PointToDepTestGlideCv020 deptestglideB.CversionAny

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The main shrine at Miyajima, Itsukushima Jinja, was founded in 592 on a spot calculated to be most affected by the tides. The illusion of the main shrine and torii floating at high tide is most realistic. The present torii was built in 1875, the seventh since the Heian period. Itsukushima, remodeled into its present grandeur in 1168 by Taira-no-Kiyomori, is dedicated to three sea goddesses who dwell there.Only the priests may enter the inner shrine. An ancient religious rule forbade birth and death on theisland, and no record had ever reported that it has been broken at any time through the centuries. Pregnant women were ferried to the mainland, as well as the gravely infirm and their soon-to-bemourners, who underwent a 50 day purification at Ono on the opposite shore before returning.