Depression in the elderly is a rising problem worldwide. The prevalence rate of depression in the elderly participants across the Indian studies is in the range of 8.9-62 per 1,000 in the community surveys and 42%–72% in the clinic-based studies. The presence of a physical illness in an elderly individual is almost a universal phenomena and the majority of the elderly participants have at least one physical comorbidity such as Parkinson's disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, benign hypertrophy of prostate, and malignancies.,,, It is also now a well-known fact that there is a bidirectional relationship between physical/medical comorbidities and depression, and more particularly in the elderly, presence of a medical comorbidity can affect the symptom profile, course, and outcome of depression., The presence of multiple physical comorbidities in late-life depression can further complicate the selection of medications due to the risks of drug interactions and decreased physiological and cognitive reserve in the elderly.,, Undiagnosed physical illness in elderly with depression is also not uncommon which further add on the morbidity.,, Thereby, it becomes highly essential and complex to manage both depression and medical comorbidities in the elderly together, and many a times, it becomes a clinical challenge to the practitioners.
Although there are many studies from India- and other parts of the world, which have estimated the prevalence of depression across different physical illnesses,,,,,,, there is limited data on the prevalence of physical illnesses in elderly with depression. Data from the developed countries are also limited in this area.,, Few previous studies from India have evaluated prevalence of physical comorbidities in elderly with depression,,, and these suggest that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, cataract, cardiovascular illness, and cerebrovascular disorders are among the most commonly encountered diseases. However, these studies have varied regarding the prevalence of most common diseases in elderly with depression. In addition, it has been seen that a large number of elderly with depression have undiagnosed physical illnesses.,, A recent study focusing on the symptom profile of elderly with depression with medical comorbidities revealed that presence of any physical comorbidity did not influence the manifestations of depression.
Prescription pattern studies from the West among elderly with depression suggest that over the years there is increase in the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and decrease in the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).,, Although reasonable data is available on the prescription patterns of antidepressants and psychotropics from India for adult population,,,,,, but data with respect to prescription patterns of psychotropics in the elderly participants is limited to a handful of studies., Although there is some data on the antidepressant prescription pattern in the presence of medical comorbidity among adults, there is lack of data on the prescription pattern among elderly with depression with physical comorbidities. Accordingly, the present multicentric study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of physical comorbidities and prescription patterns in the elderly with depression.
This was a multicentric study, conducted in 8 centers across the country, under the aegis of the Indian Association for Geriatric Mental Health, detailed methodology of which is already published. The study was approved by all the local Institutional Ethics Committees of the institutes in which this study was conducted. All the participants were explained about the study and were recruited after obtaining written informed consent.
The study followed a cross-sectional design in which participants were assessed only once. To be included in the study, patients of either gender, aged ≥60 years, fulfilling the criteria of major depressive disorder as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV Edition criteria (DSM-IV) and confirmed by MINI Plus were recruited and those with mental retardation and those too ill to be assessed were excluded from the study. A self-designed physical morbidity checklist was used to assess for the presence of various physical comorbidities. This included names of the commonly seen chronic physical morbidities from all systems of the body (neurological, endocrinological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, dermatological, infections, malignancies, gynecological, etc., along with an option to record "any other" physical comorbidities, not listed in the checklist. Physical comorbidity was assessed by taking detailed history, physical examination, and reviewing the treatment records. No specific investigations were done as part of the study. All the patients were also rated on Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDS-30), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15).
Analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences-version 14 (SPSS for Windows, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive analysis involved calculation of mean and standard deviation (SD) with a range for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for ordinal or nominal variables. Comparisons were done using the Chi-square test, t-test, and Mann–Whitney test.
The study included 488 patients diagnosed with depression. Slightly more than half of the study participants were males (53.7%; n = 262), were on paid employment (53.3%, n = 260), and from urban locality (53.1%, n = 259). The mean age of the study sample was 66.55 (SD 5.83) years, and the mean years of formal education was 7.63 (SD 5.85) years. About one-fourth of the samples (25.4%; n = 124) were currently single (unmarried, widowed, separated, and divorced). More than two-thirds of the participants were living in nonnuclear family setup (69.9%, n = 341).
Three-fifths of the sample was diagnosed with first episode depression (60.9%; n = 297) and the rest were diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (39.1%; n = 191). More than three-fourth of the samples had at least one comorbid physical illness (78.7%, n = 384) [Table 1]. Comorbid substance abuse disorders were found in about one-third (37.9%) of the participants and a small proportion of the participants had comorbid psychiatric disorders (3.1%). The mean age of onset of depression was 60.2 (SD 10.5) years, and the mean total duration of illness was 65.68 (SD 91.80) months.
More than three-fourth of the study samples had at least one physical comorbidities (n = 384; 78.7%). About half of the study samples had hypertension (47.3%) and slightly more than one-fourth had diabetes mellitus (29%). More than one-third (36.7%) of the study samples had 3 or more physical illnesses. The most common physical illness involved the cardiovascular system (51.5%), and this was followed by endocrinological system (39.3%), orthopedic and joint-related diseases (35%), and ophthalmological problems (22.3%). Details of involvement of other systems are given in [Table 1].
When patients with and without physical comorbidity were compared, those with physical comorbidity had higher severity of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom [Table 2].
When compared with those without any physical illness, significant differences were noted in relation to gender (males > females, χ2 = 5.799; P = 0.016*), marital status (single > married, χ2 = 17.802; P < 0.001***), and family type (non-nuclear > nuclear; χ2 = 5.024, P = 0.025*). No significant difference was noted with regard to locality (rural/urban), type of depression (single/multiple episodes) or presence/absence of comorbid psychiatric illness/substance abuse. In addition, those with comorbid physical illness were more older (t-test = 3.216; P = 0.001***), more educated (t-test = 7.173, P < 0.001***) and were depressed for a longer duration in months (t-test = 2.446, P = 0.015*).
Majority (91.8%) of the participants were prescribed antidepressants while they were assessed for the study. Among the various antidepressants, sertraline was the most preferred antidepressant followed by escitalopram and mirtazapine. All the patients were on single antidepressant. With regard to antipsychotics, only 12.7% of the sample was prescribed antipsychotics of which quetiapine and olanzapine were the most commonly used agents. Benzodiazepines were prescribed to more than half of the study samples (56.55%), with clonazepam being the most preferred benzodiazepine followed by lorazepam [Table 3].
As is evident from [Table 4], across three centers (Lucknow, Ahmedabad, and Kolkata-1) sertraline was the most commonly prescribed agent. In two centers (Chandigarh and Mumbai), escitalopram was the most preferred agent and in one center (Srinagar), both sertraline and escitalopram were prescribed to an equal number of patients. In one center (Kolkata-2), mirtazapine was the most commonly used agent. In one center (Jodhpur), although sertraline was the most commonly used antidepressant; however, the most common strategy was not to prescribe antidepressant. Tricyclic antidepressants were prescribed to very few patients across the different centers, except for Mumbai center, where these formed about one-fifth (22.2%) of the prescribed antidepressants.
Across different centers, antipsychotics were prescribed to very few patients, with quetiapine being the most preferred antipsychotic in three centers (Chandigarh, Ahmedabad and Kolkatta-2), whereas olanzapine was the most preferred antipsychotic in 2 centers (Kolkatta-1 and Mumbai) and aripiprazole emerged as the most preferred agent in one center (Lucknow). None of the participants in Srinagar center were prescribed any antipsychotics [Table 4].
Clonazepam was the most preferred benzodiazepine across six centers (Chandigarh, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Kolkata 1 and 2, and Jodhpur) and lorazepam emerged as the most preferred agent in other two centers (Srinagar and Mumbai) [Table 4].
Mood stabilizers were used in very few patients in only two centers, i.e., Chandigarh and Kolkata-1 [Table 4].
As hypertension and diabetes mellitus emerged as the most common comorbidities, prescription patterns were compared between those with hypertension and those without any physical comorbidity. Similarly, prescription patterns were compared between those with diabetes mellitus and those without any physical comorbidity.
As is evident from [Table 5], sertraline was the most preferred antidepressant and compared to those without any physical comorbidity, patients with hypertension were more commonly prescribed sertraline and escitalopram and less commonly prescribed fluoxetine. Further compared to those with hypertension, significantly higher proportion of patients with no physical comorbidity were not prescribed antidepressants.
Again, compared to those without any physical comorbidity, patients with diabetes mellitus were more commonly prescribed sertraline and less commonly prescribed fluoxetine. As in the hypertension group, compared to those with diabetes mellitus, significantly higher proportions of patients with no physical comorbidity were not prescribed antidepressants.
The present multicentric study suggests that more than three-fourths of elderly patients with depression have at least one comorbid physical illness (76.4%), which is similar to the prevalence figures reported in the previous studies from India.,, The findings are also comparable to the data (prevalence of 76%–92%) from the Western countries.,,,, Regarding specific physical illnesses, hypertension was the most common diagnosis, seen in about half of the patients (47.3%) and this was followed by diabetes mellitus (28.1%) and osteoarthritis (21.7%). Previous clinic-based studies and a community-based study from India have reported osteoarthritis, hypertension, and cataract as the most common physical comorbidities.,,, However, these clinic-based studies had very small sample size (n = 40) and the community-based study was limited to a specific area (Visakhapatnam, n = 1200). Studies from the West in elderly with depression also report diabetes mellitus and hypertension as the two most common physical comorbidities.,, Findings of the present study are in concurrence with existing Indian (with regard to prevalence of hypertension; 18%–55%) and Western (with regard to the prevalence of both hypertension; 18%–55% and diabetes mellitus; 7.6%–70%) literature irrespective of methodological differences in the assessment of physical comorbidity in these studies. The high level of physical comorbidity in elderly suggests that psychiatrist should focus on physical health of elderly too, and similarly, clinicians managing different physical illness should assess their patients for depression. Further, this fact must be taken into account for prescribing various psychotropics regarding evaluating drug interactions and synergistic side effects of medications used for different disorders.
With regard to impact of presence of physical comorbidity on the severity of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in elderly depressed participants, it was quite evident that those with comorbid physical illness had greater severity of depression (as assessed by GDS-30), of somatization (as assessed by PHQ-15) and anxiety (as assessed by GAD-7). Only one study from India had previously evaluated the impact of physical comorbidity on the symptom profile of geriatric depression, and this study reported no influence of presence of any physical comorbidity on the symptom profile and severity of depression in the elderly. However, the present study findings are in contrast to the findings of the previous study. The possible reason for this difference could be due to the higher proportion of the patients in the previous study to be having severe depression. However, it is important to understand that a cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from the present study, as this was cross-sectional in nature. Many putative hypotheses can be provided for this association. First, disabling physical morbidities possibly delay the help seeking for depression. Second, it is quite possible that the higher severity noted could be due to overlap of symptoms between the physical illnesses and depression. It would be interesting to evaluate these hypotheses in future by carrying out longitudinal studies.
In the present study, there was no polypharmacy which is also in concurrence with the previous studies and guidelines advocating use of single antidepressant/fewer drugs in elderly depression.,, Similarly, with regard to antipsychotics, those with less potential to cause extrapyramidal side effects (second-generation antipsychotics, more preferably quetiapine/olanzapine) were most commonly used medications across the 8 centers and typical antipsychotics were less preferred. There has been a recent upsurge in the use of quetiapine in low doses in elderly participants with depression as well as psychosis because of its sedative, relaxing/calming and anti-anxiety effects.,,,, The present study finding of higher prescription of quetiapine in elderly participants could be influenced by this data. The previous study from India reported olanzapine to be the most commonly used antipsychotic in the elderly participants. However, the study included elderly participants with any psychiatric diagnosis, and hence, the present study could not be compared with the same, though olanzapine was the 2nd most preferred drug in the present study.
In the present study, sedative-hypnotic medications were prescribed in more than half of the elderly participants with depression with clonazepam being the most preferred followed by lorazepam. In the previous Indian study on prescription patterns in the elderly participants with any psychiatric diagnosis, benzodiazepines were mostly prescribed to elderly participants with psychotic disorders (43%) with clonazepam being the most preferred, similar to the present study findings. Studies from West also report the use of benzodiazepines in about one-third of the elderly with depression, with clonazepam and lorazepam being the commonly used agents.,,, However, the general consensus is that there should be a limitation to the use of benzodiazepines in the elderly because their several potential side effects such as falls, cognitive decline, osteoporosis, etc., among elderly.,, The high prevalence of use of benzodiazepine could be possibly be due to presence of high level of anxiety in the study sample.
The present study has certain limitations. For the present study, participants were recruited from psychiatry outpatient clinics attached to general hospital settings, and hence, the findings may not be generalizable to community-dwelling population or those attending other treatment setting. The physical comorbidities were determined on the basis of history, review of treatment records, and physical examination. No specific investigations were done as part of this study. It is quite possible that lack of detailed investigations could have possibly led to underestimation of the prevalence of physical comorbidities.
To conclude, the present study shows that more than three-fourth of the elderly patients with depression have at least one physical illness with hypertension being the most common physical comorbidity followed by diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis. The presence of a physical illness is associated with more severe depression, anxiety, and somatization. Regarding prescription patterns, sertraline was the most preferred antidepressant in elderly with depression, both among those with and without physical comorbidity. Quetiapine was the most commonly used antipsychotic and clonazepam being the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepine in the elderly participants with depression.
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Raymond CB, Morgan SG, Caetano PA. Antidepressant utilization in British Columbia from 1996 to 2004: Increasing prevalence but not incidence. Psychiatr Serv 2007;58:79-84.
Mamdani MM, Parikh SV, Austin PC, Upshur RE. Use of antidepressants among elderly subjects: Trends and contributing factors. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:360-7.
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Please help our community — upload your photos of 01633281.
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text:
/* Large hunks of code here have been lifted from /usr/share/libpng/example.c */

#include "image.h"

unsigned char *read_JPEG_file(lua_State *L, const char *filename, int *width, int *height);

static image_t *luaL_checkimage(lua_State *L, const int arg)
{
	image_t *img = (image_t *)luaL_checkudata(L, arg, "brainmaps_image");

	luaL_argcheck(L, img != NULL, arg, "`image' expected");

	return img;
}

static int l_image_load(lua_State *L)
{
	const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
	image_t *img = (image_t *)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(image_t));

	/* Set the metatable of the image. */
	luaL_getmetatable(L, "brainmaps_image");
	lua_setmetatable(L, -2);

	img->pixels = read_JPEG_file(L, filename, &img->nx, &img->ny);
	img->texture_is_valid = 0;

	return 1;	/* Tell Lua about the image we're returning on its stack. */
}

static void image_draw_pixels(const image_t *im)
{
	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
	glDrawPixels(im->nx, im->ny, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, im->pixels);
}

BIND_0_1(image_draw_pixels, image)

static int l_image_get_size(lua_State *L)
{
	image_t *im = luaL_checkimage(L, 1);

	lua_pushnumber(L, im->nx);
	lua_pushnumber(L, im->ny);

	return 2;
}

#define image_ENTRY(f)	{# f, l_image_ ## f}

static const struct luaL_Reg imagelib_f[] = {
	image_ENTRY(load),
	{NULL, NULL}
};

static const struct luaL_Reg imagelib_m[] = {
	image_ENTRY(draw_pixels),
	image_ENTRY(get_size),
	{NULL, NULL}
};

static void image_gc(image_t *im)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Freeing image %p\n", im);

	if (im == NULL) {
		return;
	}

	if (im->texture_is_valid) {
		glDeleteTextures(1, &im->gl_texture_name);
	}

	free(im->pixels);
}

BIND_0_1(image_gc, image)

LUALIB_API int lua_openimage(lua_State *L)
{
	luaL_newmetatable(L, "brainmaps_image");

	/* Set the __gc field of the metatable so the images will be garbage
	 * collected.
	 */
	lua_pushstring(L, "__gc");
	lua_pushcfunction(L, l_image_gc);
	lua_settable(L, -3);

	/* p. 245 */
	lua_pushstring(L, "__index");
	lua_pushvalue(L, -2);	/* pushes the metatable */
	lua_settable(L, -3);	/* metatable.__index = metatable */

	luaL_setfuncs(L, imagelib_m, 0);
	luaL_newlib(L, imagelib_f);

	return 1;
}

/* The code below this line derived from example.c in the jpeglib source
 * distribution.  -ijt
 */

/*
 * example.c
 *
 * This file illustrates how to use the IJG code as a subroutine library
 * to read or write JPEG image files.  You should look at this code in
 * conjunction with the documentation file libjpeg.doc.
 *
 * This code will not do anything useful as-is, but it may be helpful as a
 * skeleton for constructing routines that call the JPEG library.
 *
 * We present these routines in the same coding style used in the JPEG code
 * (ANSI function definitions, etc); but you are of course free to code your
 * routines in a different style if you prefer.
 */

/******************** JPEG DECOMPRESSION SAMPLE INTERFACE *******************/

/* This half of the example shows how to read data from the JPEG decompressor.
 * It's a bit more refined than the above [snipped out code -ijt], in that we
 * show:
 *   (a) how to modify the JPEG library's standard error-reporting behavior;
 *   (b) how to allocate workspace using the library's memory manager.
 *
 * Just to make this example a little different from the first one, we'll
 * assume that we do not intend to put the whole image into an in-memory
 * buffer, but to send it line-by-line someplace else.  We need a one-
 * scanline-high JSAMPLE array as a work buffer, and we will let the JPEG
 * memory manager allocate it for us.  This approach is actually quite useful
 * because we don't need to remember to deallocate the buffer separately: it
 * will go away automatically when the JPEG object is cleaned up.
 */

/*
 * ERROR HANDLING:
 *
 * The JPEG library's standard error handler (jerror.c) is divided into
 * several "methods" which you can override individually.  This lets you
 * adjust the behavior without duplicating a lot of code, which you might
 * have to update with each future release.
 *
 * Our example here shows how to override the "error_exit" method so that
 * control is returned to the library's caller when a fatal error occurs,
 * rather than calling exit() as the standard error_exit method does.
 *
 * We use C's setjmp/longjmp facility to return control.  This means that the
 * routine which calls the JPEG library must first execute a setjmp() call to
 * establish the return point.  We want the replacement error_exit to do a
 * longjmp().  But we need to make the setjmp buffer accessible to the
 * error_exit routine.  To do this, we make a private extension of the
 * standard JPEG error handler object.  (If we were using C++, we'd say we
 * were making a subclass of the regular error handler.)
 *
 * Here's the extended error handler struct:
 */

struct my_error_mgr {
	struct jpeg_error_mgr pub;				/* "public" fields */
	jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;					/* for return to caller */
};

typedef struct my_error_mgr *my_error_ptr;

/*
 * Here's the routine that will replace the standard error_exit method:
 */

METHODDEF(void) my_error_exit(j_common_ptr cinfo)
{
	/* cinfo->err really points to a my_error_mgr struct, so coerce pointer */
	my_error_ptr myerr = (my_error_ptr)cinfo->err;

	/* Always display the message. */
	/* We could postpone this until after returning, if we chose. */
	(*cinfo->err->output_message)(cinfo);

	/* Return control to the setjmp point */
	longjmp(myerr->setjmp_buffer, 1);
}

/*
 * Sample routine for JPEG decompression.  We assume that the source file name
 * is passed in.  We want to return 1 on success, 0 on error.
 */

unsigned char *read_JPEG_file(lua_State *L, const char *filename, int *width, int *height)
{
	/* This struct contains the JPEG decompression parameters and pointers to
	 * working space (which is allocated as needed by the JPEG library).
	 */
	struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
	/* We use our private extension JPEG error handler.
	 * Note that this struct must live as long as the main JPEG parameter
	 * struct, to avoid dangling-pointer problems.
	 */
	struct my_error_mgr jerr;
	/* More stuff */
	FILE *infile;		/* source file */
	JSAMPARRAY buffer;	/* Output row buffer */
	int row_stride;		/* physical row width in output buffer */

	/* In this example we want to open the input file before doing anything else,
	 * so that the setjmp() error recovery below can assume the file is open.
	 * VERY IMPORTANT: use "b" option to fopen() if you are on a machine that
	 * requires it in order to read binary files.
	 */

	infile = fopen(filename, "rb");
	if (!infile) {
		luaL_error(L, "Could not open %s.\n", filename);
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Step 1: allocate and initialize JPEG decompression object */

	/* We set up the normal JPEG error routines, then override error_exit. */
	cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr.pub);
	jerr.pub.error_exit = my_error_exit;
	/* Establish the setjmp return context for my_error_exit to use. */
	if (setjmp(jerr.setjmp_buffer)) {
		/* If we get here, the JPEG code has signaled an error.
		 * We need to clean up the JPEG object, close the input file, and return.
		 */
		jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
		fclose(infile);
		luaL_error(L, "An error occurred while reading %s.\n", filename);
		return NULL;
	}
	/* Now we can initialize the JPEG decompression object. */
	jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);

	/* Step 2: specify data source (eg, a file) */

	jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo, infile);

	/* Step 3: read file parameters with jpeg_read_header() */

	jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE);
	/* We can ignore the return value from jpeg_read_header since
	 *   (a) suspension is not possible with the stdio data source, and
	 *   (b) we passed TRUE to reject a tables-only JPEG file as an error.
	 * See libjpeg.doc for more info.
	 */

	/* Step 4: set parameters for decompression */

	/* In this example, we don't need to change any of the defaults set by
	 * jpeg_read_header(), so we do nothing here.
	 */

	/* Step 5: Start decompressor */

	jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
	/* We can ignore the return value since suspension is not possible
	 * with the stdio data source.
	 */

	/* We may need to do some setup of our own at this point before reading
	 * the data.  After jpeg_start_decompress() we have the correct scaled
	 * output image dimensions available, as well as the output colormap
	 * if we asked for color quantization.
	 * In this example, we need to make an output work buffer of the right size.
	 */
	/* JSAMPLEs per row in output buffer */
	row_stride = cinfo.output_width * cinfo.output_components;
	/* Make a one-row-high sample array that will go away when done with image */
	buffer = (*cinfo.mem->alloc_sarray)((j_common_ptr)&cinfo, JPOOL_IMAGE, row_stride, 1);

	/* Step 6: while (scan lines remain to be read) */
	/*           jpeg_read_scanlines(...); */

	/* Here we use the library's state variable cinfo.output_scanline as the
	 * loop counter, so that we don't have to keep track ourselves.
	 */
	int w, h, xi, yi, ci;

	*width  = w = cinfo.output_width;
	*height = h = cinfo.output_height;

	if (cinfo.out_color_components != 3) {
		luaL_error(L, "Only three-channel images are supported. %s has %i.\n", filename, cinfo.out_color_components);
		return NULL;
	}

	unsigned char *ret = (unsigned char *)malloc(w * h * sizeof(unsigned int));

	for (yi = 0; yi < h; yi++) {
		/* jpeg_read_scanlines expects an array of pointers to scanlines.
		 * Here the array is only one element long, but you could ask for
		 * more than one scanline at a time if that's more convenient.
		 */
		JSAMPLE *pixelrow = buffer[0];

		assert((int)cinfo.output_scanline == yi);

		jpeg_read_scanlines(&cinfo, buffer, 1);

		for (xi = 0; xi < w; xi++) {
			for (ci = 0; ci < 3; ci++) {
				ret[(xi + w * yi) * 4 + ci] = pixelrow[xi * 3 + ci];
			}

			ret[(xi + w * yi) * 4 + 3] = 255; /* 100% opaque */
		}
	}

	/* Step 7: Finish decompression */

	jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
	/* We can ignore the return value since suspension is not possible
	 * with the stdio data source.
	 */

	/* Step 8: Release JPEG decompression object */

	/* This is an important step since it will release a good deal of memory. */
	jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);

	/* After finish_decompress, we can close the input file.
	 * Here we postpone it until after no more JPEG errors are possible,
	 * so as to simplify the setjmp error logic above.  (Actually, I don't
	 * think that jpeg_destroy can do an error exit, but why assume anything...)
	 */
	fclose(infile);

	/* At this point you may want to check to see whether any corrupt-data
	 * warnings occurred (test whether jerr.pub.num_warnings is nonzero).
	 */

	return ret;
}

/*
 * SOME FINE POINTS:
 *
 * In the above code, we ignored the return value of jpeg_read_scanlines,
 * which is the number of scanlines actually read.  We could get away with
 * this because we asked for only one line at a time and we weren't using
 * a suspending data source.  See libjpeg.doc for more info.
 *
 * We cheated a bit by calling alloc_sarray() after jpeg_start_decompress();
 * we should have done it beforehand to ensure that the space would be
 * counted against the JPEG max_memory setting.  In some systems the above
 * code would risk an out-of-memory error.  However, in general we don't
 * know the output image dimensions before jpeg_start_decompress(), unless we
 * call jpeg_calc_output_dimensions().  See libjpeg.doc for more about this.
 *
 * Scanlines are returned in the same order as they appear in the JPEG file,
 * which is standardly top-to-bottom.  If you must emit data bottom-to-top,
 * you can use one of the virtual arrays provided by the JPEG memory manager
 * to invert the data.  See wrbmp.c for an example.
 *
 * As with compression, some operating modes may require temporary files.
 * On some systems you may need to set up a signal handler to ensure that
 * temporary files are deleted if the program is interrupted.  See libjpeg.doc.
 */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Bali and Nicaragua camps are fully open and perfectly safe!
Bali and Nicaragua locations are fully open and perfectly safe!
At Rapture Surfcamps we understand that operating surf camps in exotic destinations sometimes presents us with unforeseen natural and political challenges. It is our first and foremost goal to keep our guests perfectly safe and satisfied. When the situation calls for our immediate attention, our international team meets daily to have a full understanding of what Mother Nature or the local government has in store for us and what actions need to be taken.
Bali and Nicaragua surf camps are fully open and completely safe to visit.
If the conditions change, we will be updating this post as well as our Social Media channels listed below. Do not hesitate to contact us should you have any further questions, we'd love to answer them all!
This entry was posted in Bali, Bali | Cliff, Bali I Padang, Nicaragua and tagged airport, bali, eruption, nicaragua, surf camp, volcano. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
2022 ACE FAIR
2022 Licensing Japan
한국어/日本語
Takokuma
Sunthingood Co., Ltd.
Born on an island, Takokuma loves to eat apples! Along with Captain 22, leader of billions of rabbits, Brother Raccoon, owner of the apple garden, and Little Hedgehog, who sleeps all the time, Takokuma's world is full of amazing and touching stories.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DJNf6yMS8BBBv0-spx2sXydl29Knm6KJ/view
https://www.takokuma.com/
https://www.instagram.com/love.takokuma/
5F, No. 158, Sec 3, Minsheng E. Rd.,Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105402, Taiwan
Copyright © 2023 TAICCA (Taiwan Creative Content Agency). All rights reserved. PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is a movie that comes across as a triumph more of assemblage and marketing than of storytelling: you want to cheer, not for the director or the heroes, but for the executives at Marvel who brought it all off. Joss Whedon does a nice, resourceful job of putting the pieces together, but we're left with the sense of a director gamely doing his best with the hand he's been dealt, which is an odd thing to say for a movie that someone paid $200 million to make. Whedon has been saddled with at least two heroes too many…so that a lot of the film, probably too much, is spent slotting all the components into place.
If the early reactions to Age of Ultron are any indication, I could copy and paste this text and make it the centerpiece of a review of any Avengers movie, past or future. This isn't to say that the latest installment—which I haven't seen—might not be fine in its way. But even the franchise's fans, of which I'm not really one, seem to admit that much of it consists of Whedon dealing with all those moving parts, and the extent of your enjoyment depends largely on how well you feel he pulls it off.
But it's difficult because you're living in franchise world—not just Marvel, but in most big films—where you can't kill anyone, or anybody significant. And now I find myself with a huge crew of people and, although I'm not as bloodthirsty as some people like to pretend, I think it's disingenuous to say we're going to fight this great battle, but there's not going to be any loss. So my feeling in these situations with Marvel is that if somebody has to be placed on the altar and sacrificed, I'll let you guys decide if they stay there.
Which, when you think about it, is a startling statement to hear from one of Hollywood's most powerful directors. But it accurately describes the situation. Any Avengers movie will always feel less like a story in itself than like a kind of anomalous weather pattern formed at the meeting point of several huge fronts: the plot, such as it is, emerges in the transition zone, and it's dwarfed by the masses of air behind it. Marvel has made a specialty of exceeding audience expectations just ever so slightly, and given the gigantic marketing pressures involved, it's a marvel that it works as well as it does.
It's fair to ask, in fact, whether any movie with that poster—with no fewer than eight names above the title, most belonging to current or potential franchise bearers—could ever be more than an exercise in crowd control. In fact, there's a telling counterexample, and it looks, as I've said elsewhere, increasingly impressive with time: Christopher Nolan's Inception. As the years pass, Inception remains a model movie in many respects, but particularly when it comes to the problem of managing narrative complexity. Nolan picks his battles in fascinating ways: he's telling a nested story with five or more levels of reality, and like Thomas Pynchon, he selectively simplifies the material wherever he can. There's the fact, for instance, that once the logic of the plot has been explained, it unfolds more or less as we expect, without the twist or third-act betrayal that we've been trained to anticipate in most heist movies. The characters, with the exception of Cobb, are defined largely by their surfaces, with a specified role and a few identifying traits. Yet they don't come off as thin or underdeveloped, and although the poster for Inception is even more packed than that for Age of Ultron, with nine names above the title, we don't feel that the movie is scrambling to find room for everyone.
And a glance at the cast lists of these movies goes a long way toward explaining why. The Avengers has about fifty speaking parts; Age of Ultron has sixty; and Inception, incredibly, has only fifteen or so. Inception is, in fact, a remarkably underpopulated movie: aside from its leading actors, only a handful of other faces ever appear. Yet we don't particularly notice this while watching. In all likelihood, there's a threshold number of characters necessary for a movie to seem fully peopled—and to provide for enough interesting pairings—and any further increase doesn't change our perception of the whole. If that's the case, then it's another shrewd simplification by Nolan, who gives us exactly the number of characters we need and no more. The Avengers movies operate on a different scale, of course: a movie full of superheroes needs some ordinary people for contrast, and there's a greater need for extras when the stage is as big as the universe. (On paper, anyway. In practice, the stakes in a movie like this are always going to remain something of an abstraction, since we have eight more installments waiting in the wings.) But if Whedon had been more ruthless at paring down his cast at the margins, we might have ended up with a series of films that seemed, paradoxically, larger: each hero could have expanded to fill the space he or she deserved, rather than occupying one corner of a masterpiece of Photoshop.


text:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using SignalR.Samples.Raw;

namespace SignalR.Hosting.Self.Samples
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Debug.Listeners.Add(new ConsoleTraceListener());
            Debug.AutoFlush = true;

            string url = "http://localhost:8081/";
            var server = new Server(url);
            server.Configuration.DisconnectTimeout = TimeSpan.Zero;

            // Map connections
            server.MapConnection<MyConnection>("/echo")
                  .MapConnection<Raw>("/raw")
                  .MapHubs();

            server.Start();

            Console.WriteLine("Server running on {0}", url);

            while (true)
            {
                ConsoleKeyInfo ki = Console.ReadKey(true);
                if (ki.Key == ConsoleKey.X)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        public class MyConnection : PersistentConnection
        {
            protected override Task OnConnectedAsync(IRequest request, string connectionId)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} connected", connectionId);
                return base.OnConnectedAsync(request, connectionId);
            }

            protected override Task OnReceivedAsync(IRequest request, string connectionId, string data)
            {
                return Connection.Broadcast(data);
            }

            protected override Task OnDisconnectAsync(string connectionId)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} left", connectionId);
                return base.OnDisconnectAsync(connectionId);
            }
        }
    }
}


I used a box mix to make the Spiderman cupcakes. Then I frosted them all in white. I used buttercream frosting, tinted black to pipe a web design on each cupcake.
Then I bought Spiderman rings and placed on on each cupcake for the finishing touch!
Where did you buy the spiderman rings?


ought to I be pleading?
ought to you be pleading?
ought to he be pleading?
ought to we be pleading?
ought to they be pleading?
ought to I have pled, pleaded?
ought to you have pled, pleaded?
ought to he have pled, pleaded?
ought to we have pled, pleaded?
ought to they have pled, pleaded?
ought to I have been pleading?
ought to you have been pleading?
ought to he have been pleading?
ought to we have been pleading?
ought to they have been pleading?
ought I not to plead?
ought you not to plead?
ought he not to plead?
ought we not to plead?
ought they not to plead?
ought I not to be pleading?
ought you not to be pleading?
ought he not to be pleading?
ought we not to be pleading?
ought they not to be pleading?
ought I not to have pled, pleaded?
ought you not to have pled, pleaded?
ought he not to have pled, pleaded?
ought we not to have pled, pleaded?
ought they not to have pled, pleaded?
ought I not to have been pleading?
ought you not to have been pleading?
ought he not to have been pleading?
ought we not to have been pleading?
ought they not to have been pleading?


A Getintothis favourite is back, back, back.
Homoeroticism, 80s love-ins and Columbine-wannabes. Just another dull week of new releases.
Europe's finest city throws up an incredible debut while Excepter wish you were dead. Happy days.
Whores, guns and one-eyed wierdos. DIG!!! People!!! DIG!!!
Getintothis wallows in the sludge of Relapse Records' finest, while The Wu-Tang bring the noise.


"Nowadays one can see [papaya salad] everywhere; the little shops along the sidewalks have become fancy papaya salad boutiques in major shopping centers."
"I sat on the windowsill talking to her."
I greet the rain falling on my window pane.
"The area along the ocean thus remained in a natural condition."
"Therefore, in addition to the heavy through-traffic from the airport and Sarasin Bridge which runs all day long, there is a large amount of secondary traffic including road-side parking, vehicles making U-turns, and traffic turning to enter or exit various intersections."
"During the very dry season, the elephants dig small holes along the edges of the creeks so that water can well up in them."
"The police found the body of a young woman floating [in a pond]. The woman died under mysterious circumstances. Her car was parked at the edge of the pond."
"Then, I turned around and opened the glass door and went out to stand on the edge of the balcony."
"The brown horse with the crippled leg limped back and forth along the fence looking for food."
"This time when she dreamed she saw a large swarm of butterflies with beautiful wings flitting through the flowers on the banks of the stream."
"[I] saw homes and dwellilngs and [visualized] the ways of life of the people who lived along the railroad tracks."
"The army cap was lying in front of the bathroom; the beret was in front of the bedroom; and the tingley cap was next to the mirror."
"During meeting breaks, we often stand around, take a smoke, and chat with each other out on the balcony."


text:
This interesting and unusual name is of English locational origin from Plumley, a village in Cheshire, which was recorded as "Plumleia" in 1119 in the Chartulary of the Abbey of St. Werburgh, Chester. The placename itself derives from the Olde English pre 7th Century word "plume" (from the Latin "prunns") meaning both "plum" and "plum tree", found in many placenames, plus the second element "-leah", wood or clearing, hence "a clearing in the plum trees" or "a cluster of plum trees". There is also a place called Plumley in the Ringwood rural district, Southampton, Hampshire. The surname itself first appears in the early 14th Century (see below). Robert Plumlye married Eddeth Warne at Ringwood, Hampshire on January 28th 1594. At St. Augustine the Less, Bristol, Margerett Roberts married Thomas Plomley on January 22nd 1609 and they also had a son, Thomas, christened there on June 7th 1618. William Plumley married Mary Bulkley at Holy Trinity, Chester in Cheshire on January 1st 1652. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Henry Plomlegh, which was dated 1327, in "Kirby's Quest for Somerset", during the reign of King Edward 111, known as "The Father of the navy", 1327 - 1377. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Plumridge
Plumptre
Plumley — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Charles Albert Plumley (1875–1964), US amerikanischer Politiker Frank Plumley (1844–1924), US amerikanischer Politiker Gary Plumley (* 1956), englischer Fußballspieler Plumley bezeichnet außerdem: Plumley… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Plumley — is a town and civil parish in the Macclesfield district of Cheshire, England.In the village there is two public bars, The Golden Pheasant and The Smoker (which has won awards), a village hall, a methodist church, tennis courts, riding stables, a… … Wikipedia
Plumley railway station — Infobox UK station name = Plumley code = PLM manager = Northern Rail locale = Plumley borough = Macclesfield lowusage0405 = 15,869 lowusage0506 = 16,507 lowusage0607 = 16,012 platforms = 2 start = Plumley railway station serves the village of… … Wikipedia
Charles Albert Plumley — (rechts) bei einer Kranzniederlegung anlässlich des 200. Geburtstages von Ethan Allen mit den beiden US Senatoren aus Vermont, Ernest Gibson (links) und Warren Austin am 11. Januar 1937. Charles Albert Plumley (* 14. April 1875 in Northfield,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Frank Plumley — (* 17. Dezember 1844 in Eden, Lamoille County, Vermont; † 30. April 1924 in Northfield, Vermont) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1909 und 1915 vertrat er den zweiten Wahlbezirk des Bundesstaats Vermont im US Repräsentantenhaus … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles Albert Plumley — (April 14, 1875 October 31, 1964) was a Republican U.S. Representative from Vermont, son of the U.S. Representative Frank Plumley. Born in Northfield, Washington County, Vermont, Plumley attended the public schools. He was graduated from Norwich… … Wikipedia
Frank Plumley — was a Republican politician from Vermont. He was born in Vermont on December 17, 1844 and attended law school at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Plumley held many positions in state and federal government. He was state s attorney of… … Wikipedia
Gary Plumley — (born 24 March, 1956 in Birmingham) is an English former professional footballer. A goalkeeper, he played for Newport County, Cardiff City and Ebbw Vale F.C.. Plumley is most notable for a one off performance in the 1987 FA Cup Semi final between … Wikipedia
Basil L. Plumley — (born 1920 in West Virginia) is most famous for his actions as a Sergeant Major of the US Army s 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, at the Battle of Ia Drang (1965). Plumley is a veteran of World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. He made all 4 combat … Wikipedia
List of United States political families (P) — The following is an alphabetical list of political families in the United States whose last name begins with P.The Packers*Daniel Packer (1783 1838), Connecticut State Senator 1831. Uncle of Asa Packer. [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/paca… … Wikipedia


Ontario's Hamilton port is to receive CAD17.7 million (USD13.3 million) from the National Trade Corridors Fund.
The investment, which will be matched by the Hamilton Port Authority (HPA), will go towards the port's CAD35.45 million (USD26.7 million) modernisation project, which aims to create a multimodal transportation hub at the 115 ha Westport area of the port.
Close to 10 million tonnes of marine cargo transits Hamilton port each year, including exports of Ontario-manufactured components, factory equipment and machinery.
"Improvements to the Westport area will optimise the port's current footprint, create new development parcels, and help Canadian companies get their goods to global markets," added Hamilton.
The modernisation project includes construction of a new dock wall at one of the port's busiest piers; upgrades to the Westport rail network to provide more cargo handling capacity; improvements to internal roadways; and grading and paving of cargo laydown areas.
Investment will begin before the end of this year and continue through to December 2020.


text:
Q: woocommerce sessions: Get all the cart sessions I have this code
foreach($cart_sessions as $cart_session){
$session_id =$cart_session;
    $session = new WC_Session_Handler();
    $session_data = $session->get_session( $session_id );
//do something with the data
}

I want to get all cart sessions on my website, is there a way to return an array of the sessions ids($cart_sessions)?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Soak your beauty blending sponge in water and squeeze out the excess before use. A damp sponge will ensure a smoother application of product and stops the sponge absorbing your pricey foundation – which NOBODY wants.
Don't take the aggressive approach. Bounce – don't drag – it across your skin, to allow the sponge simultaneously to blend and dispense the product.
While using the base of your beauty blending sponge might get the job done more quickly when applying foundation, the tip will let you blend a whole lot more precisely around your eyes and nose. When used with a blush or bronzer, it'll also help you carve killer cheekbones.
A beauty blending sponge can work just as well with powders as liquids, but it has to be dry to avoid caking.
A little tenderness goes a long way with a beauty blending sponge. If you've noticed any cracks, you may be handling it too roughly while cleaning it.
Don't just chuck your wet sponge back into your makeup bag after use. An antibacterial soap and an open-air environment are needed to keep hygiene and preservation on your side.
There's no sense in keeping a beauty blending sponge that gives you spots, is there? Replace yours every three months to ensure it keeps being the best beauty blending sponge it can be.


text:
Johnny Depp to make Michael Jackson musical from perspective of his glove
Thread: Johnny Depp to make Michael Jackson musical from perspective of his glove
Beast of Burden
I'd have put this in the 'chuckle' thread, but it's too good to be hidden away like that.
The full title? For the Love of Glove: An Unauthorized Musical Fable About the Life of Michael Jackson, as Told by His Glove. Opening January 25th in Los Angeles, the show will "look into the strange forces that shaped Michael and the scandals that bedevilled his reputation." Those forces apparently include the singer's favourite glove, which as Nitzberg writes it, is an alien being questing for the blood of youths. That's one way to put a spin on Jackson's nonce inclinations.
It gets crazier, as the play's real-life actors will perform alongside life-size puppets representing a number of figures from Jackson's life. The Jackson 5, Donny Osmond, Emmanuel Lewis, Corey Feldman, and even Bubbles the Chimp will all be represented in felt.
Nitzberg told Page Six that the idea actually manifested 17 years ago while he was in meetings with "a major TV network" for a true Jackson biopic. "…The question came up [about] how to deal with the child-abuse allegations," Nitzberg recalled. "I said, how's this? Everything MJ has been accused of has actually been caused by his glove, which is actually an alien from outer space [and] feeds on virgin boy blood. They laughed and said, 'Can you do the normal version?'"
https://tonedeaf.thebrag.com/johnny-...musical-glove/
I'm assuming it's 'fake news', but I honestly have no idea.
It's real.
Mr. Tea
Shub-Niggurath, Please
Huh. That's pretty weird. Probably the weirdest music news since this?
Originally Posted by woops
i hate sigs
Art, Literature and Film
Events, Releases, Sales and Mixes
-- old style -- new style -- Default Mobile Style


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( fschumacher) Ensure that a canonical path is always used for the docBase of a Context to ensure consistent previous tutorial we have seen executing testng. Now in this post I am going to add something more to it by making the servlet return complex Java Objects such as lists maps etc.
Enter your mobile number email address below we' ll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Step by step guide to develop a Simple CRUD application using Spring MVC and Hibernate. Xml using batch file (. ( markt) 62786: Add a note to the Context documentation to explain that by default settings for a Context element defined in server. Xml and conf/ web. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone tablet computer -. Welcome to the NetBeans Plugin Portal. Xml tests from command w here we will look into executing testng.
62761: Correct the advanced CORS example in the Filter documentation to use a valid configuration. Yes it is possible. In the following manner we can configure a WebLogic Server as a Frontend WebServer which is going to point a.
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Bat) is used in DOS Windows which is an unformatted text file that consists of a series of commands to be executed by the command line interpreter. Xml will be overwritten by settings specified in a default context file such as conf/ context. Many times we dont want to install a separate WebServer like ( Apache IPlanate) rather we want to configure , IIS run a WebLogic Server itself as a WebLogic WebServer. There is one question: You created ContactDAO. Java are almost copies of ContactDAO. Xml on a per host basis. Spring example on dependency injection in the form of objects setter injection , dependency in the form of objects tutorial on spring setter injection. I am newer to Spring/ Hibernate but can created 1st project by following your example.
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Apache Log4j 2 is the successor of Log4j 1 which was released as GA version in July. The framework was rewritten from scratch and has been inspired by existing logging solutions, including Log4j 1 and java.
Dhinesh S V September 27th, on 11: 24 pm. Hi Jay, I am experiencing the following problem with Weblogic 10.
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LOS ANGELES PHILHARMONIC ANNOUNCES DETAILS OF ITS RETURN TO THE HOLLYWOOD BOWL FOR 2021 SUMMER SERIES
2021 Summer Season to Offer More than 50 Performances, Including 14 Concerts with LA Phil Music & Artistic Director Gustavo Dudamel;
20 Hollywood Bowl Debuts
Special guests include Christina Aguilera, James Blake, Viola Davis, Cynthia Erivo, H.E.R., Kool & the Gang, Yo-Yo Ma, Carlos Vives, Kamasi Washington and many others
Subscriptions renewable May 11, tickets for July 3 & 4 on sale May 18, individual concert tickets on sale June 1
Festivities Kick Off with Five Free Concerts for Frontline Workers
VIEW FULL SEASON PRESS KIT HERE
LOS ANGELES (May 11, 2021) - The Los Angeles Philharmonic Association announces its 2021 summer season at the Hollywood Bowl, marking its long-awaited return to the iconic venue following the cancellation of its 2020 summer season. Following the latest public health and reopening guidelines from Los Angeles County, the LA Phil will offer more than 50 performances, including 14 concerts with Music & Artistic Director Gustavo Dudamel. From classical music to pop, reggae, jazz and film, the season showcases acclaimed artists and the return of numerous Bowl favorites.
Chief Executive Officer and David C. Bohnett Chief Executive Officer Chair Chad Smith said, "With the return of in-person performances to the Hollywood Bowl, we are seeing both the return of a beloved summer tradition and the reunion of a community built by sharing in live musical experiences with one another. From the artists on stage to the hundreds of returning seasonal employees, we can't wait to welcome audiences back to the Bowl and begin the kind of healing and celebration that music can provide. With the support of Kaiser Permanente, we are fortunate to open our season with free concerts for the frontline and essential workers whose heroism brought us all through the darkest days of the pandemic and continue with an incredible line-up that features a little something for everyone."
Los Angeles Philharmonic Music & Artistic Director Gustavo Dudamel said, "Music-making is ultimately about the shared experience of people coming together and being united in a communion of sound. For musicians, there is no greater joy than feeling our instruments resonate in harmony with those around, and that is why this return to in-person performances at the Hollywood Bowl is such a powerfully important moment. After the many challenges of this past year, we all feel a profound sense of joy and gratitude to be able to once again share music with you, and especially to be able to offer these opening concerts to our heroes on the front lines, who have given their all to keep us safe this past year."
FREE CONCERTS FOR FRONT LINE WORKERS
To kick off the Hollywood Bowl reopening in advance of the concerts accessible to the public, the LA Phil will host five free concerts for healthcare workers, first responders and essential workers in appreciation for all they have done for Los Angeles throughout the pandemic. Three of the first free concerts at the Hollywood Bowl are made possible through a partnership with Kaiser Permanente. They will include two performances by Gustavo Dudamel and the LA Phil (May 15 & 22) playing repertoire from Tchaikovsky to Montgomery, and the Grammy-winning L.A.-based band La Santa Cecilia (June 26), known for its sound infusing contemporary cumbia with bossa nova, jazz and pop. The May 15 and June 26 concerts will also be livestreamed on Facebook and YouTube. In collaboration with Amazon Prime Video, the upcoming Amazon Original movie P!nk: All I Know So Far (May 17) will be screened live in advance of its worldwide release on Prime Video, including a special appearance and introduction of the movie from P!nk herself. The fifth free concert will be with L.A. artists Thundercat and Flying Lotus (June 12) in their first performance since Thundercat won a Grammy for Best Progressive R&B Album earlier this year. The concert is generously sponsored by Gregory Annenberg Weingarten, GRoW @ Annenberg.
SEASON HIGHLIGHTS
Hollywood Bowl Traditions
The Hollywood Bowl will reopen to the public with a perennial favorite, the July 4th Fireworks Spectacular, this year featuring Kool & the Gang and the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra led by Principal Conductor Thomas Wilkins (July 3, 4). The month of August will feature the beloved Sing-A-Long Sound of Music with host Melissa Peterman (August 21), and the Tchaikovsky Spectacular with fireworks returns (August 6, 7).
The broad range of performances will encompass everything from a one-night-only return performance by Yo-Yo Ma with Bach's Six Suites for solo cello (September 14) to Viola Davis (July 15) and Christina Aguilera (July 16, 17) and H.E.R. (August 13, 14) making their LA Phil debuts with Gustavo Dudamel. Actress, singer and songwriter Cynthia Erivo makes her LA Phil debut with Thomas Wilkins (July 30). The music of film will be explored with the Maestro of the Movies John Williams (Sept 3–5 conducted by both Williams and David Newman), and the summer tradition of watching movies under the stars with live orchestral accompaniment will continue with the world premiere of an orchestral arrangement of Mark Knopfler's score for The Princess Bride (LA Phil, conducted by David Newman, July 31), Black Panther, the first Marvel movie to be screened with live orchestral accompaniment (LA Phil, September 10–12) and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince™ in Concert (Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, conducted by Justin Freer, September 17).
Gustavo Dudamel and the LA Phil
Throughout the season, Music & Artistic Director Gustavo Dudamel will conduct the LA Phil in 14 performances, including opening the classical series with Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf with Viola Davis as narrator, the program also includes Margaret Bonds Montgomery Variations, written in dedication to Martin Luther King, Jr. and the 1965 Selma-Montgomery marches (July 15); an all Gershwin concert featuring pianist Jean-Yves Thibaudet and countertenor John Holiday (August 10); the LA Phil premiere of Bologne's (Chevalier de Saint-Georges) Violin Concerto No. 9 with violinist Randall Goosby (August 12); Elgar's Enigma Variations and Cello Concerto with cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason and Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite No. 1 (August 17); Beethoven's Triple Concerto and de Falla's The Three Cornered Hat showcasing violinist Maria Dueñas, cellist Pablo Ferrández, pianist Sergio Tiempo and mezzo-soprano Isabel Leonard (August 19); and an all-Mozart program featuring LA Phil Principal Concertmaster Martin Chalifour and Principal Viola Teng Li (September 28).
The 2021 season will also include the debut of Dudamel's Pan-American Music Initiative, a multi-year undertaking celebrating the creativity of the Americas announced in 2020 and delayed by the pandemic. As part of this initiative, Dudamel leads a Latin music celebration at the Bowl with the world premiere of Arturo Márquez's Violin Concerto Fandango, written for Anne Akiko Meyers (August 24), a program celebrating the centennial of Astor Piazzolla (August 26) and Carlos Vives joining Gustavo and the LA Phil (August 27, 28).
Hollywood Bowl Debuts
Artists making their LA Phil and Hollywood Bowl debuts include pianists Isata Kanneh-Mason, Eric Lu and Lukáš Vondráček; violinists Maria Dueñas and Randall Goosby; and cellists Sterling Elliott and Sheku Kanneh-Mason. Artists performing at the Hollywood Bowl for the first time are conductors Marta Gardolińska, Tianyi Lu, Gemma New, Enluis Montes Olivar, and Ruth Reinhardt, all former Dudamel Fellows; singers/vocalists James Blake, Julia Bullock, Cynthia Erivo, Brittany Howard, Earl Sweatshirt, John Holiday and Jamila Woods; and actress Viola Davis.
Returning Artists
Featured returning artists include Kool & the Gang, Dave Koz, Ledisi, Ziggy Marley, Sergio Mendes, Georgia Anne Muldrow, Carlos Vives and Tower of Power, as well as conductors Paolo Bortolameolli, Justin Freer, David Newman, Bramwell Tovey, Thomas Wilkins and John Williams, mezzo-soprano Isabel Leonard, pianists Aaron Diehl, Hélène Grimaud, Herbie Hancock, Jean-Yves Thibaudet, and Sergio Tiempo, violinists Martin Chalifour, Ray Chen, and Anne Akiko Meyers, cellists Pablo Ferrández and Yo-Yo Ma; trumpetist Alison Balsom, violist Teng Li, saxophonist Kamasi Washington, and host/actress Melissa Peterman.
Premieres and Commissions
In addition to the premiere of the Arturo Márquez Violin Concerto, the LA Phil will present the American premiere of Thea Musgrave's Trumpet Concerto, a 2019 co-commission by the LA Phil, Tianyi Lu will conduct the orchestra with soloist Alison Balsom. The program will also include the world premiere of Ricardo Molla's Fanfare for a New Beginning dedicated to the LA Phil brass and percussion sections (July 20). Enluis Monte Olivar's program includes the LA Phil premiere of Evencio Castellanos' Santa Cruz de Pagairigua (July 22) and on August 5 Gemma New will present the LA Phil premiere of Warp and Weft by Sarah Gibson, a member of the LA Phil Nancy and Barry Sanders Composer Fellowship Program teaching faculty.
Jazz Plus
The Jazz Plus series returns with Ledisi singing the music of Nina Simone accompanied by the LA Phil and conducted by Thomas Wilkins (July 24), a night featuring Dave Koz and Tower of Power (August 8), and Blame it on Rio! with Sergio Mendes featuring Carnival dancers (August 15). Herbie Hancock, the LA Phil's Creative Chair for Jazz, will close out the series on September 26.
KCRW's World Festival
The LA Phil is proud to partner with KCRW again this season to present four concerts featuring Kamasi Washington and Earl Sweatshirt (July 18), Reggae Night XIX with Ziggy Marley and the Wailing Souls (August 1), Brittany Howard with Jamila Woods and Georgia Anne Muldrow (September 18), and James Blake with the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra conducted by Thomas Wilkins (September 25).
Guest conductors and additional LA Phil performances
Enluis Montes Olivar leads his first performance at the Hollywood Bowl featuring works by Castellanos, Rachmaninoff and Tchaikovsky (July 22); also in their debuts with the LA Phil, conductor Ruth Reinhardt couples works by Mendelssohn with Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 featuring Eric Lu (July 27) and Gemma New leads Clara Schumann's Piano Concerto in A minor featuring Isata Kanneh-Mason (August 5); Bramwell Tovey returns to conduct a Tchaikovsky Spectacular weekend with fireworks featuring the Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture, the Rococo Variations with cellist Sterling Elliott, and the 1812 Overture with USC Trojan Marching Band (August 6, 7); LA Phil Associate Conductor and 2016/17 Dudamel Fellow Paolo Bortolameolli leads the orchestra in Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto featuring Ray Chen in (August 31); the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra's Principal Conductor, Thomas Wilkins, conducts the LA Phil in an all-American program with pianist Aaron Diehl and soprano Julia Bullock in works by Margaret Bonds & Gershwin (September 2); and Marta Gardolińska will lead the orchestra with pianist Hélène Grimaud (September 9).
TICKETS & COVID PROTOCOLS
Following the health guidelines set forth by the County of Los Angeles, the LA Phil's Hollywood Bowl 2021 season (July 3–September 28) will be a majority vaccinated venue, with two sections reserved for non-vaccinated audience members with proof of a negative COVID-19 test prior to attendance. Mask wearing will be required for all attendees. The Hollywood Bowl will continue to receive public health guidelines from Los Angeles County and as policies evolve over the summer, more information can be found here.
Subscribers can renew their seats online at HollywoodBowl.com or via phone at 323 850 2000 starting on May 11 (new subscriptions will not be available). "Create Your Own" 3-concert packages will be available on May 27. Tickets for July 3 & 4 will be available to purchase on May 18. Individual concerts will go on sale to the general public on June 1. All tickets will be delivered digitally. Further ticketing information is available here.
LEASE EVENTS
Details for lease events at the Hollywood Bowl presented by Live Nation-Hewitt Silva: Hall and Oates (October 1), Alanis Morissette (October 5) and Andrea Bocelli (October 24) can be found here; and details for Mariachi USA can be found here.
The Bowl Store located in the Box Office Plaza will open with normal business hours beginning July 3.
HOLLYWOOD BOWL FOOD+WINE
The culinary program at the Hollywood Bowl is curated by the celebrated local chef and restaurateur team of Suzanne Goin and Caroline Styne. The James Beard award-winning duo, along with on-site Executive Chef Jeff Rodgers, will be providing food and wine for purchase from the on-site marketplaces, Street Food Stands (available in person and via mobile ordering), as well as pre-ordered picnic boxes and pre-ordered Supper in Your Seats for box seat holders. Ann's Wine Bar (by A.O.C.) will also be available for in-person dining with an expanded outdoor dining area. Reservations for the wine bar are available through Open Table.
All of the Bowl's dining options have been updated to ensure the safety of all guests and staff. All team members are health screened before starting work and are outfitted with personal protective equipment. All sanitation measures have been amplified, and social distancing is required and enforced. All entrances to indoor facilities such as the marketplaces will be monitored to allow for a safe experience.
For the most up-to-date information on dining options at the Hollywood Bowl, including select picnic areas, please visit here.
About the LA Phil
Under the leadership of Music & Artistic Director Gustavo Dudamel, the LA Phil offers live performances, media initiatives and learning programs that inspire and strengthen communities in Los Angeles and beyond. The Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra is the foundation of the LA Phil's offerings, which also include a multi-genre, multidisciplinary presenting program and such youth development programs as YOLA (Youth Orchestra Los Angeles). Performances are offered on three historic stages—Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Hollywood Bowl, and The Ford—as well as through a variety of media platforms. In all its endeavors, the LA Phil seeks to enrich the lives of individuals and communities through musical, artistic and learning experiences that resonate in our world today.
About the Hollywood Bowl
One of the largest natural amphitheaters in the world, with a seating capacity of nearly 18,000, the Hollywood Bowl has been the summer home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic since its official opening in 1922 and plays host to the finest artists from all genres of music, offering something for everyone. It remains one of the best deals anywhere in Los Angeles; to this day, $1 buys a seat at the top of the Bowl for many classical and jazz performances. In February 2020, the Hollywood Bowl was awarded Outdoor Concert Venue of the Year at the 31st Annual Pollstar Awards, an honor bestowed 14 previous times. It was also awarded the Top Amphitheater prize at the 2017 and 2018 Billboard Touring Awards. For millions of music lovers across Southern California, the Hollywood Bowl is synonymous with summer. hollywoodbowl.com
Sophie Jefferies, sjefferies@laphil.org
Lisa White, lwhite@laphil.org
Laura Cohen, lcmediapr@gmail.com


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EXO's Suho (Star of the Universe) and Ha Yeon Soo (Drinking Solo) will be starring in the new Dramax and MBN drama Rich Man. Rich Man is an adaptation of the Japanese drama Rich Man, Poor Woman and tells the love story of a genius tech CEO who has a condition where he can't recognize faces and an optimistic woman looking for a job at his company.
Although this is a pretty standard romantic comedy type plot, the casting has me excited. I love Ha Yeon Soo, and she's all kinds of adorable. I'm sure she will be very cute with Suho. EXO members are certainly busy with dramas these days with Kai also in Miracle That We Met and D.O. recently cast in Hundred Days' Husband. There are definitely some promising dramas to look forward to!
Rich Man is looking to air in May on Dramax and MBN.
This entry was posted in News and tagged EXO, Ha Yeon Soo, kdrama, Korean Drama, Rich Man, Rich Man Poor Woman, Suho. Bookmark the permalink.


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Novak Djokovic says his father 'had completely no purpose of supporting any more or less warfare initiative'
January 28, 2023 by Admin123
CNN – Novak Djokovic His father, Sarjan, mentioned he "had no purpose" of supporting any more or less "warlike initiative" after that He used to be photographed with a gaggle of Russian supporters on the Australian Open. Djokovic reached his tenth Australian Open last on Friday after defeating American Tommy Paul in instantly units. Previous … Read more
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The Israeli police stated that the assault on a synagogue in Jerusalem left no less than seven folks lifeless
CNN – No less than seven folks had been killed and 3 wounded in a capturing close to a synagogue in Jerusalem on Friday, Israeli police stated, amid prime tensions in Israel and the West Financial institution. Palestinian territories. The shooter used to be additionally killed Friday by way of police forces, in step with … Read more
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Pre-market shares: Wall Side road ignores the Fed. That may be bad
A model of this tale first gave the impression in CNN Trade' Sooner than the Bell e-newsletter. No longer a subscriber? You'll sign up right here. You'll concentrate to an audio model of the e-newsletter by means of clicking at the similar hyperlink. New York CNN – With the Federal Reserve proceeding its anti-inflationary invoice, … Read more
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America and Germany are sending M1 Abrams and Leopard 2 tanks into Ukraine in a key sign of toughen for Kyiv
January 27, 2023 December 8, 2022 by Admin123
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The Florida College District starts "indexing" books to conform to the DeSantis-backed regulation
CNN – Efforts are underway in Florida's counties to conform to the regulation, which has been recommended by way of the ruling Republican. Ron DeSantis Calls for Approval of books in study room libraries. Manatee County College District educators are experiencing "worry" and "confusion" because the district works on implementation HB1467which calls for books to … Read more
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Cameroon U-17 Soccer Workforce: Why 32 Gamers Had been Despatched Off For Dishonest Age
CNN – It's been an issue for the ages on the other hand Cameroonian Nice soccer Samuel Eto'o He turns out made up our minds to get rid of him. Cameroon has finished its qualification for 2023 Africa The International locations Cup Beneath-17 Championship with a 2-0 victory over the Republic of the Congo on … Read more
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In another illustration of the church, Paul identified the church as a field of crops. Paul was seen as the planter, and Apollos watered the garden that Paul planted. More than solely evangelism, Paul had founded that specific church in Corinth. Apollos spiritually watered the church by continually discipling the members by teaching them the truths of Scripture. Paul reaffirmed that God was the one who caused the growth.
The imagery Paul provides concerning the church as a field of crops should remind believers that Jesus' intention is for their continual growth. The church should have the utmost concern and intention of providing spiritual nourishment for one another in order to mature. Concerning the members of this garden, they had no "independent importance." While they were responsible to nourish one another spiritually, they were to remind one another constantly that God was responsible for their sanctification.
(Picture is of Family Groups at Submerge 08).
That is my family group! and submerge 08 was amazing!


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